I 



HI 



wm 



ijiSiJt |i|)ii 



HHHI 



JflmlBH 




MI 



HI 



■ ■Hill 

mflffl B8 

■I 

nil HI 

HhHIIIiII 

■HI 

HHHH 

IB 1 



mm 
I 



mBSi 



m 



mm 



nil 

m 

III 
in 







vV 6> » g 



/^ ^\ \J\ s* V -h 





THE PRACTITIONER'S 
MEDICAL DICTIONARY 



GOULD— SCOTT 



OTHER DICTIONARIES 

By GEORGE M. GOULD, A.M., M.D. 



THE POCKET PRONOUNCING MEDICAL DICTION- 
ARY, 35,000 WORDS. Seventh Edition, Revised. 
1008 Pages. Full Flexible Leather, Gilt Edges, Round 
Corners, $1.00. Thumb Indexed, Si. 25, Postpaid. 



THE ILLUSTRATED DICTIONARY OF MEDICINE, 
BIOLOGY AND ALLIED SCIENCES. Sixth Edition 
with additions and corrections, and a Supplement 
including 38,000 additional words. Numerous Illus- 
trations. Large Square Octavo. 2204 Pages. 
Double-Columned. Half Morocco, S14.00, Postpaid. 



THE PRACTITIONER'S 
MEDICAL DICTIONARY 



CONTAINING ALL THE WORDS AND PHRASES GENERALLY 
USED IN MEDICINE AND THE ALLIED SCIENCES, WITH THEIR 
PROPER PRONUNCIATION, DERIVATION, AND DEFINITION 



BY GEORGE M. GOULD, A.M., M.D. 

AUTHOR OF "A.\' ILI.rSTRA.TED DICTIONARY OF MEDICINE, BIOLOGY, AND ALLIED SCIENCES," "THE 
SVUDENT'S MEDICAL DICTIONARY." "POCKET MEDICAL DICTIONARY," ETC. 



THIRD EDITION— REVISED AND ENLARGED 



BY R. J. E. SCOTT, M.A., B.C.L., M.D. 

FELLOW OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF MEDICINE 
EDITO: OF HUGHES' "PRACTICE OF MEDICINE," GOULD AND PYLE's "CYCLOPEDIA OF MEDICINE 

AND SURGERY," ETC. 



BASED ON RECENT MEDICAL LITERATURE 

WITH MANY TABLES 



PHILADELPHIA 
P. BLAKISTON'S SON & CO. 

10 1 2 WALNUT STREET 

t 



c o'lfu Z 






Copyright 1916 by P. Blakiston's r 



<FV 



CLA428293 



fr 



PRESS OF 

THE NEW ERA PRINTING COMPANY 

LANCASTER, PA. 



MAR 2b 1916 



PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION 

The chief feature of this revision is the large number of new words included, prob- 
ibly 20,000. Another point of importance is that the volume is compact and easy to 
landle, while still sufficiently comprehensive to serve present-day demands. This 
jreat increase in the number of words with a corresponding decrease in the size of the 
)ook has been achieved by the omission of nearly all the illustrations now familiar in 
the usual text-books and works of reference. 

A dictionary is for casual use and brief consultation; therefore, the size of the type 
need not be larger than legibility demands: that selected is similar to what has been 
used in Gould's Pocket Dictionary' (of which thousands are sold yearly) and is a little 
larger than in the present edition of the unabridged Webster. The result is a volume 
of about three-fourths the bulk of the previous edition, or of any of the medical dic- 
tionaries of its class with about 71,000 definitions. 

The eponymic terms have been placed in their proper alphabetical order, so that one 
need no longer be in doubt whether to look under " test " or " reaction " , ' ' phenomenon ' ' 
or "syndrome", "sign", or "symptom", for the desired information; this moreover 
permits the insertion of the nationality and the dates of birth and death of those re- 
ferred to. The proper name is constant; generic terms vary. 

The definitions are based upon the standard literature and authoritative text- 
books of the day, and are not copied from the older vocabularies. 

As to pronunciation : The alphabetical sound of the letter has been the key. This 
avoids the use of a confusing number of diacritics. Only when there may be any doubt 
has the proper pronunciation been indicated by a diacritic mark. Over a letter "~~" 
means that that letter has its usual alphabetical sound. 

Proper names and their derivatives only have been capitalized in the title-words; 
this is in accord with present usage which is a revival of the custom of some of the 
lexicographers of the last century. 

With the exception of a few signs which have no letter-equivalents, all of the matter 
that preceded the regular pages in the former edition has been placed in alphabetical 
order in the body of the book, where it will more readily be found. 

The critical reader scarcely needs to be reminded that the principal duty of the 
lexicographer is similar to that of a census-taker; it is his duty to make an inventory 
of the words and their pronunciation as he finds them among the well-informed; it 
is not his province to reform or to invent substitutes for the terms held to be unde- 
siable. If words exist and are used, they should be recorded, whether they are well- 
born, vulgar, hybrid, obsolete, or anomalous. Unfortunately many of our medical 
terms were coined by men who knew "little Latin and less Greek"; but when once 
these terms gain currency, usage sanctions them, although philologically incorrect. 

We have striven for the fortunate medio tutissimus ibis, and if the aim has been 
successfully carried out, then this Middle-of-the-Road Medical Dictionary contains 
neither too much, nor too little, and should carry further the popularity of Gould's 
series of Medical Dictionaries, of which more than one-third of a million volumes are 
in the hands of the English-speaking practitioners of the world. 

Among many, one illustration of the unexpected reach of far-off influence may be 
permitted: — In the English-Chinese Lexicon of Medical Terms, compiled by Philip B. 
Cousland, M.B., C.M. (Edin.), the valorous, philanthropic, and learned Editor, in his 
Preface says: It is largely based on Gould's Medical Dictionary, and the Nomenclature 
of the Royal College of Physicians of England, etc. 

In its new form, it is believed that this well-known dictionary will be even more 
useful than before. 

George M. Gould, 
R. J. E. Scott. 



NOTES CONCERNING THE HISTORY OF 
LEXICOGRAPHY* 

Nomina si nescis peril cognitio rerum, said Coke with the acumen of the legal mind, 
and it is generally true that the knowledge of things depends upon the knowledge of 
their names. Discoveries of new facts, or new standpoints for viewing old facts, de- 
mand new tags or " nicking " symbols whereby their status may be fixed and their recog- 
nition insured and made more clear for distant or future students. Few philosophic 
and scientific minds may exhibit an aloofness and a freedom from the tyranny of words 
to enable them to study things without the aid of words and namings. But nothing, 
it is admitted, is more blundering in a personal sense, and more harmful to the progress 
of science, than the exhaustion of interest so soon as a classification and nomenclature 
have been made. The ridiculous is only needed to end in the absurd, and this is 
generally supplied by their wrong pigeon-holing and false ticketing. A diagnosis once 
made, a mere word, long, mysterious, and meaningless, pinned upon the bunched 
symptoms, and further study of etiology, prophylaxis, or therapeutics is with too 
many at an end. Over 200 years ago Dr. South tried to check this "fatal imposture 
and force of words" by showing how "the generality of mankind is governed by words 
and names," not by things as they are, but as they are called — in a word, by "verbal 
magic." 

And yet in a groping science like medicine, one that inductively, slowly, and tenta- 
tively is feeling its way toward the truth, this need of naming every step forward is pe- 
culiarly necessary. It is the condition of securing the step in itself, and of guiding the 
aftercomers. It is the blazing of trails into the wilderness of the unknown. Of course 
no one can tell what lines of research may finally prove the best and true, and none, 
therefore, what blazes will be useful or useless. New trails, shorter, easier, and better, 
may indeed be discovered, and when the wilderness country is settled, all trails will 
either be abandoned or become well-known roads. But even then good sign-posts and 
pointing index-fingers will be helpful for strangers, and some of the old names will never 
be discarded. None can surely foretell what words may die and what ones become a 
part of the language. Hence the lexicographer may not too recklessly exclude. 

The history of lexicography finds its first data about 700 or 800 A. D., in glosses, or 
the more common explanatory words annexed or superposed over "hard" terms, and 
made either in Latin or in the glossator's own vernacular. A list of such glosses was 
called a glossarium, or as we say, a glossary. It soon became the custom for children 
and students to learn by heart the classified lists of the names of things, such as those 
of the parts of the body, of animals, trades, tools, virtues and vices, diseases, etc. 
Such a list constituted a vocabularium or vocabulary. These glosses and vocabularies 
were in time thrown together in bundles, at first without any order, and as lists, with- 
out losing their individuality. Then came the "first letter order," in which all words 
and terms beginning with the letter A were bundled together, still without discrimina- 
tion, so that the entire list of words beginning with A, or B, had to be scanned in order 
to find a special word. The classification proceeded to an arrangement of the items also 
according to the second letter, then the third, etc., until after hundreds of years com- 
plete alphabetization came into use. At first the aim had been to explain difficult 
Latin words by easier Latin ones; then by English ones, and in the tenth and eleventh 
centuries the English equivalents were the rule, and the glossaries were Latin-English. 
The first book of this kind to be called a dictionarium, that is a repertory of dictiones 
or sayings, was that of Sir Thomas Elyot in 1538, and from that time the word dic- 
tionary has supplanted all others ; so much so that it is now the title of any alphabetic 
gathering not only of words but of any kind of knowledge whatsoever. 

* From the preface to Gould's "A Dictionary of New Medical Terms." 



PREFACE vii 

Our modern language of medicine is unique in that it is made up of the unchanged 
and undigested materials and relics used or contributed during its entire history. The 
persisting substratum is Latin, upon which has been placed a mass of pseudogreek 
words not physiologicly created nor grown by natural philologic methods, but springing 
Minervalike from the brains of thousands of modern Jupiters. These largely bear the 
marks of their parentage in characteristics that do not, or should not, beget a spon- 
taneous pride of lineage. From a highly variegated medievalism that has, indeed, 
never ended, we have taken over another unassimilable conglomerate, and superadded 
are thousands of dissimilar terms derived from modern chemistry, biology, bacteriology, 
and many other sciences. Each single group of contemporaneous nationalities con- 
tributes to the others its share of names, and is itself hard at work endeavoring to fuse 
the whole heritage into homogeneity and unity with the amalgam of the spirit of the 
general language dominant among its people. The result is a strange hodge-podge of 
the medical language of two or more thousand years and of many special national 
tongues, in mechanic, not chemic mixture, with modern sounds and symbols, the whole 
amazingly heterogeneous and cacophonous. The thirtieth century medical student 
will probably be compelled to memorize iter a tertio ad quartum ventriculum, etc., and 
to write his orders for drugs in a sad mixture of sorry Latin so far as his knowledge will 
carry, and then to end it in despair in the vulgar manner of speech of his contempo- 
raries. In general biology the law holds that the ontogeny epitomizes and repeats 
the phylogeny; but only at the different successive stages of its individual develop- 
ment. In medical language the phylum is always present, and there are no successive 
stages; there has been no rebirth or inheritance; the ontogeny goes on preserving all 
the old origins and accretions, and simply adding the new to them. For this sort of 
evolution there is no name (unless Weissmann's immortality theory is applicable), and 
its study may be commended to the Darwins and Spencers of the future as a note- 
worthy exception to hitherto formulated laws. The result is before us: a huge and 
unassimilated philologic mass, many times greater than it should be, the despair of 
medical students and of the makers of dictionaries. These word-books, of course, 
reproduce the phylogenetic history in the same way, and there is no escape from the 
republication of all the methods and most all the words gathered and found useful in 
the course of ages. Here with some modifications of detail must be repeated the glosses 
and vocabularies of a thousand years ago, the foiled attempts together with the partial 
successes at alphabetic arrangement, and lastly the addition of the modern encyclo- 
pedia. 

The functions of the dictionary-maker have thus become multiplied and varied. 
As the gloss-lists and vocable-lists grew into dictionariums and as alphabetization be- 
came thoroughgoing, as one after another subject was added to the word-gatherer's 
work so our technical dictionary has at last become in part encyclopedic and expository, 
its plan and outworking still somewhat subject to the personality, scholarship, and 
judgment of the author. It will always remain an open question how far the author 
should or may go in giving individual color to his dictionary. Johnson's famous 
definitions of excise, lexicographer, oats, pension, pensioner, tory, whig, etc.; Webster's 
"Americanism " in spelling; the Century's seconding in various ways the obvious trend- 
ing of philologic progress, — these, and many such illustrate the lexicographer's belief 
in his own, at least, "limited" free-will. 

"Johnson's great work," says Dr. Murray, "raised English lexicography alto- 
gether to a higher level. In his hands it became a department of literature." The 
technical dictionary of to-day may indeed claim a higher office than that, because no 
monograph or text-book comes near the far-reaching and lasting influence of modern 
encyclopedic dictionaries. They help more than teacher or text-book to bring order 
into the student's forming mind, and to systematize and make definite his knowledge. 
In postgraduate life and practice there is no book that is so frequently consulted, and 
the teachings of which are so clearly kept in memory. This is because of the validity 
of the maxim of Coke. 

Solely upon condition, however, that the author has put heart, intellect, and labor 
into his work! If he has been content to repeat, copy, and adopt, it will not be so. 
And even then only if other repeaters, copiers, and adopters " do not break through and 
steal." As has often happened since, dictionary- theft is an ancient story. As long as 



viii PREFACE 

» 

250 years ago Phillips plagiarized the glossographia of Blount. The robbed author 
indignantly exposed the shamelessness of the cribber, even of misprints and errors. 
But he was not ashamed ! More suo the thief, having no defense, made none, and in- 
stead proceeded to correct all the errors pointed out by Blount, and, in many subse- 
quent editions, the quack-lexicographer reaped the reward given by a too careless 
public. 

The ancient injustice would be much manifolded in modern times, with an intensely 
progressing science which demands that, if to be of the best service, new editions 
of its word-books shall be made every few years. The system must become systematic 
and the professing truly professional. No spasmodic, incidental, or amateur methods 
will nowadays avail. Revisions are required, and continuous labor, not only of one 
but of many, so that helpers, a large corps of them, must be organized, and paid. Over 
300 years ago a great worker in this field, one who "contrived and wrought not onelie 
for our owne private use, but for the common profet of others," even with the patronage 
of great men "who encouraged in this wearie worke" was grieved that "the charges 
were so great and the losse of time" so much that he came near having "never bene 
able alone to have wrestled against so manie troubles." Finding that "his spiritual 
substance had vanished," old Simon Browne "took to an employment which did not 
require a soul, and so became a dictionary-maker," piously adding that we should 
"thank God for everything and therefore for dictionary makers." 



SIGNS AND ABBREVIATIONS 



Wt Weight. 

nj> Minimum Minim. 

3 Drachma Dram. 

9 Scrupulum Scruple. 

§ Uncia Ounce. 



. Equal to. 

. Infinity, 20 ft. distance. \ 0n t,v<? 

. Combined with. J u P tlcs - 



2 Applied to Zygoma. 

00 Heard, but not Understood. 



H Intensity of Magnetic Force. 

I Intensity of Magnetism. 



Z Contraction (Zuckung). 

Z. Z.' Z." Increasing strengths of contraction. 

k Magnetic Susceptibility. 

ft Magnetic Permeability. 

Micron Unit of Microscopic Measurement. 

u Ohm. 

p Specific Resistance. 

£2 Megohm (one-millionth part of an 

ohm). 

—1 |h- Battery. 

+ Plus. Anode or Positive Pole. 

— Minus. Kathode or Negative Pole. 

> Greater than, as K > A. 

< Less than. 



Degree. 

' Inches. 



.Foot. Lines; each one-twelfth of 
an inch or about two millimeters. 

. A mark of affirmation or authenti- 
cation. 

. A mark of doubt. 

Figures or words separated by a 
short dash indicate the extremes 
of variation, as 5-10" long, few- 
many flowered; i. e., varying 
from s to 10 lines in length, and 
with few to many flowers. 



X Used to express magnification, thus 

X 1000 indicates a magnification 
of i -° T 0Q diameters. The im- 
proper fraction lo T oa indicates the 
same thing, but is rarely used. 

® An annual Herb. 

© A biennial Herb. 

21 A perennial Herb. 

t> An Undershrub, deciduous. 

b . . An Undershrub, evergreen. 

6 A Shrub, deciduous. 

5 A Shrub, evergreen. 

S A Tree, deciduous. 

t> A Tree, evergreen. 

t> An herbaceous Vine, annual or 

biennial. 

1> A woody Vine, deciduous. 

■7 A woody Vine, evergreen. 

C A trailing Herb, annual or biennial. 

lj A trailing Herb, perennial. 

*» An aquatic plant. 

g Flowers perfect. 

0* A male animal, or a plant or flower 

bearing only stamens or anther- 
idia. 

9 . . A female animal or a plant or flower 

bearing only pistils or archegonia. 

O A young animal of undetermined 

sex, thus o" o, young male, or 9 yg 
for young female, but O juv (ju- 
venis, young). 

A monocarpic plant. 

O = Cotyledons accumbent. 

O II Cotyledons incumbent. 

§ A plant introduced and naturalized. 

f A plant cultivated for ornament. 

J A plant cultivated for use. 

8 M^onecious. 

0" 9 Diecious. 

0* S 9 Polygamus. 

o Wanting or none. 

oo Numerous or indefinite; more than 

twenty when applied to stamens. 

a The microsecond represents .001 

second or the unit of time in 
experiments or psychophysical re- 
actions. 



THE PRACTITIONER'S 
MEDICAL DICTIONARY 



A. Chemical symbol of argon. 

a [&, kv, or d/z, without], i. The Greek letter 
alpha, called alpha privative, equivalent to the pre- 
fix un- or in-. It denotes absence or want of the 
thing or quality expressed by the root of the word. 
2. Abbreviation for accommodation, ampere, anode, 
anterior, aqua, arteria, total acidity. 

aa [&.va., of each]. An abbreviation, written aa, 
used in prescriptions to denote repetition of the same 
quantity for each item. 

aaa. Abbreviation for amalgam. 

Aaron's sign (ar'-un) [Charles D. Aaron, Ameri- 
can physician, 1866- ] In appendicitis, pressure 
over McBurney's point causes distress in the region 
of the stomach or heart. 

aasmus (a-as'-mus) [aaanos, a breathing out]. 
Asthma. 

A.B. Abbreviation of Ariium Baccalaureus, Bach- 
elor of Arts. 

ab [ab, from]. A Latin preposition signifying from. 

abaca (ab'-ak-ah; sp. pron., ah-vah-kah') . Manila 
hemp; also Musa textilis, the plant which produces it. 
See hemp. 

abactio (ab-ak'-she-o) [abigere, to drive away]. 
An abortion, or labor, artificially induced. 

abactus venter {ab-ak'-tus-ven'-ter) [abigere, to drive 
out; venter, the belly]. An abortion procured by 
artificial means. 

Abadie's sign (ab-ad-e') [J. M. Abadie, French 
ophthalmologist, 1842- ]. Spasm of the levator 
palpebral superioris in exophthalmic goiter. 

abaissement (ah-bds'-mon(g)) [Fr.]. 1. Depres- 
sion, falling. 2. Couching. 

abalienatio mentis (ab-al-yen-a'-she-o) [see abalie- 
nation]. Insanity. 

abalienation (ab-al-yen-a'-shun) [ab, away; alienare, 
to transfer]. Decay, especially mental decay, in- 
sanity. 

abalienated (ab-al '-yen-a-ted) [abalienatus, alien- 
ated, estranged]. 1. Deranged, or insane. 2. Gang- 
renous, or so severely injured as to require ampu- 
tation or extirpation. 

abanet. See abnet. 

abaptiston (ah-bap-tis'-ton) [&, priv.; /3d7i-ru7Tos, im- 
mersed]. A trephine so shaped that penetration of 
the brain is impossible. 

abarthrosis (ab-ar-tkro'-sis) [ab, from; arthrosis, a 
joint]. Same as diarthrosis or abarticulation. 

abarticular (ab-ar-tik'-u-lar) [ab, from; articulus, 
joint]. Not connected with or not situated near a 
joint. 

abarticulation (ab-ar-tik-u-la'-shun) [ab, from; 
articulatio, joint]. 1. Same as diarthrosis; sometimes 
also a synonym of synarthrosis. 2. A dislocation. 

abasia (ah-ba'-ze-ah) [d, priv.; /Sd<m, a step]. 
Motor incoordination in walking. See astasia. 
a. astasia, inability to walk or stand in a normal 
manner, a. atactica, a form marked by awkwardness 
and uncertainty of movement, a., choreic, that due 
to choreic cramps in the legs, a., paralytic, that 
form in which the legs give way under the weight of 
the body and walking is impossible, a., paroxysmal 
trepidant, a form of astasia-abasia (q. v.) in which 
trepidation similar to that of spastic paraplegia 
stiffens the legs and prevents walking, a., trembling, 



incapacity to walk on account of trembling of the 
legs. 

abasic (ah-ba'-sik) [see abasia]. Pertaining to, or 
affected with, abasia. 

abatage (ah-bah-tazj') [Fr.]. 1. The slaughter of 
an animal to prevent the infection of others. 2. The 
art of "casting" an animal preparatory to an opera- 
tion. 

abatardissement (ah-bah-tar-dees'-mon(g)) [Fr.]. 
The gradual degeneration or deterioration of a breed 
or race. 

abatement {a-bdt'-ment). Mitigation or decrease 
in severity of pain, or of any untoward symptom or 
condition. 

abattoir (ah-bat-war') [Fr.]. A slaughter-house or 
establishment for the killing and dressing of animals. 

abaxial (ab-ak'-se-al) [ab, from; axis, an axle]. 
Not situated in the line of the axis. 

Abbe's catgut rings (ab'-e) [Robert Abbe, New 
York surgeon, 1851- ]. Rings composed of 8 or 
10 turns of heavy catgut in the shape of an oval, 
with inside diameter of two inches, for use in intestinal 
anastomosis. A.'s operation, lateral anastomosis of 
intestine with catgut rings. A.'s string-method, 
cutting through an esophageal stricture by the 
sawing action of a string one end of which passes 
through the mouth and the other end through an 
opening in the stomach. 

Abbe's condenser, A.'s illuminator (ab'-ba) [Ernst 
Abbe, German physicist, 1845-1905]. A system of 
lenses attached to a microscope for condensing the 
light upon an object. A.'s, lenses, apochromatic, 
see apochromatic lens. A.'s test-plate, an instrument 
for testing microscopic objectives for spherical and 
chromatic aberration, composed of a microscopic 
slide with 6 cover-glasses ranging from 0.09 to 0.024 
mm. thick, silvered on one side. Delicate, parallel, 
ruled lines are cut through the silver film, thus 
making a kind of micrometer with transparent rulings. 

Abbott's method (ab'-ot) [Edville G. Abbott, 
American orthopedist, 1872- ]. For treatment of 
scoliosis: — overcorrection by means of plaster jackets 
and bandages. 

A.B.C. liniment. Compound liniment of aconite. 
It contains liniment of aconite 40, liniment of bella- 
donna 40, and chloroform 20. 

A.B.C. process. A process for the deodorization 
of sewage by the addition of a mixture of alum, blood, 
and charcoal. 

Abderhalden's test for pregnancy (ab'-der-hahl- 
den) [Emil Abderhalden, Swiss physiologist and 
chemist, 1877- ]. During pregnancy microscopic 
portions of the chorionic villi enter the maternal 
blood and cause the production of protective ferments 
which may be detected in the serum by an optical 
method and a dialyzation method. The ferments 
disappear within a short time after delivery or 
abortion. 

abdomen {ab-do'-men) [abdere, to hide]. The 
large inferior cavity of the trunk, extending from 
the brim of the pelvis to the diaphragm, and bounded 
in front and at the sides by the lower ribs and ab- 
dominal muscles, and behind by the vertebral column, 
the psoas and the quadratus lumborum muscles. It 
is artificially divided into 9 regions by two circular 



ABDOMINAL 



ABERRATION 



lines, the upper parallel with the cartilages of the 
.ninth ribs, the lower with the iliac crests, and by 
two lines drawn vertically upwards from the center 
of Poupart's ligament. These lines are differently 
situated by different writers. The regions thus 
formed are, above, the right hypochondriac, the 
epigastric, and the left hypochondriac; in the middle, 
the right lumbar, umbilical, and left lumbar; and 
below, the right inguinal, the hypogastric, and the 
left inguinal, a., accordion, Kaplan's term for a 
swelling of the abdomen attended with flattening of 
the arch of the diaphragm and increased respiration. 
It is not due to the presence of gas or to tumor, and 
disappears under anesthesia; nervous pseudotympany. 
a., acute, any acute abdominal condition requiring 
prompt operation, a., boat-shaped, a., carinate, see 
under scaphoid, a. obstipum, congenital shortening 
of the rectus abdominis muscle, a., pendulous, a 
relaxed condition of the abdominal walls in which 
the latter hang down over the pubis, a., scaphoid, 
see under scaphoid, a., uncinate, one in which the 
terminal segments and those next to them are turned 
under the others. 

abdominal (ab-dom'-in-al) [abdomen]. Pertaining 
to or connected with the abdomen, a. aneurysm, 
see aneurysm, sl. aorta, the part of the aorta below, 
the diaphragm, a. aponeurosis, see aponeurosis. 
a. bandage, see a. binder, a. binder, a broad bandage 
of muslin or flannel applied to the abdomen for 
making pressure after delivery or after an operation. 
Sometimes a many-tailed bandage is used. a. brain, 
the solar plexus, a. breathing, see a. respiration. 
a. cavity, the cavity within the peritoneum, a. com- 
press, a form of local pack, made by forming folds 
of a coarse linen towel of sufficient breadth to reach 
from the ensiform cartilage to the pubis; one of the 
folds is then wrung out of cold water, applied, and 
the remainder is rolled around the body so as to 
retain it in position, a. dropsy, ascites. a. 
ganglia, the semilunar ganglia, a. gestation, see 
pregnancy, extrauterine, a. hysteria, a hysteric 
condition simulating peritonitis, in which the ab- 
domen becomes extremely painful to the touch, 
swollen, and distended with gas. a. line, the linea 
alba. a. lines, muscle tracings on the abdominal 
walls, a. muscles, the internal and external ob- 
liques, the transversalis, rectus, pyramidalis, and 
quadratus lumborum. a. phthisis, tuberculous 
disease of the intestines or peritoneum, a. press, 
see prelum abdominale. a. reflex, see reflexes, a. 
regions, see abdomen, a. respiration, respiration 




m wm 

Abdominal Regions. 

carried on chiefly by the diaphragm and abdominal 
muscles, a. ring, external, a triangular opening in 
the fibers of the aponeurosis of the external oblique 
muscle, transmitting the spermatic cord of the male 
and the round ligament of the female, a. ring, 
internal, an oval aperture in the fascia transversalis 
that transmits the spermatic cord of the male and 
the round ligament of the female, a. section, see 
celiotomy, a. surgery, the branch of surgery that 
deals with the lesions of the abdominal viscera and 
the operations performed upon them through inci- 
sions in the abdominal walls, a. typhus, enteric 
fever, a. viscera, the organs contained in the 
abdominal cavity. 

abdominoanterior (ab-dom-in-o-an-te'-re-or). Hav- 
ing the belly forward (used of the fetus in the womb) . 

abdominocystic (ab-dom-in-o-sis'-tik) [abdomen; 



wans, bladder]. Relating to the abdomen and 
bladder. 

abdominogenital (ab-dom-in-o-jen'-il-al). Relating 
to the abdomen and the genitalia, a. nerve, inferior, 
the ilioinguinal nerve, a. nerve, superior, the 
iliohypogastric nerve. 

abdominohysterectomy (ab-dom-in-o-his-ter-ek' '-to- 
me). Removal of the uterus through an abdominal 
incision. 

abdominohysterotomy (ab-dom-in-o-his-ter-ot'-o- 
me). Hysterotomy through an abdominal incision. 

abdominoposterior (ab-dom-in-o-pos-te' '-re-or) . 

Having the belly toward the mother's back (used 
of the fetus in the womb). 

abdominoscopy (ab-dom-in-os'-ko-pe) [abdomen; 
GKoireiv, to examine]. Examination of the abdomen 
for diagnostic purposes, by inspection, palpation, 
measurement, percussion, etc. 

abdominoscrotal (ab-dom-in-o-skro'-tal). Relating 
to the abdomen and the scrotum, a. muscle, the 
cremaster muscle. 

abdominothoracic (ab-dom-in-o-tho-ras'-ik). Re- 
lating to the abdomen and thorax. 

abdominous (ab-dom'-in-us). Having a large ab- 
domen. 

abdominouterotomy (ab-dom-in-o-u-ter-ot'-o-me) . 
See abdominohysterotomy. 

abdominovaginal iab-dom-in-o-vaj' -in-al) . Relat- 
ing to the abdomen and the vagina. 

abdominovesical (ab-dom-in-o-ves'-ik-al). Relating 
to the abdomen and the urinary bladder, a. pouch, 
a fold of the peritoneum in which are comprised the 
urachal fossae. 

abduce (ab-diis') [ab, away; ducere, to lead]. To 
draw away, as by an abductor muscle. 

abducens (ab-dii'-senz) [L., "leading away"]. 
A term applied to certain muscles, or their nerves, 
that draw the related part from the median line of 
the body. Also, the sixth pair of nerves supplying 
the external recti of the eyes. a. labiorum, same as 
a. oris. sl. oculi, the external rectus muscle of the 
eye. a. oris, the levator anguli oris muscle. 

abduct (ab-dukf) [abducere, to lead away]. To 
draw away from the median line. 

abduction (ab-duk'-shun) [ab, from; ducere, to 
lead], i. The withdrawal of a part from the axis 
of the body. 2. The recession or separation from 
each other of the parts of a fractured bone or the 
sides of a wound. 

abductor (ab-duk'-tor). See abducens. a. auris, 
the abductor muscle of the ear. a. digiti (dij'-it-i) 
quin'ti, hallu'cis, in'dicis, min'imi digiti, pol'licis, 
see muscles, table of. 

abenteric (ab-en-ter'-ik) [ab, from; ivrkpov, intes- 
tine]. Outside the intestine; involving or pertaining 
to organs or parts other than intestinal, a. typhoid, 
see under typhoid. 

abepithymia (ab-ep-e-thi'-me-ah) [ab, from; iin6vfj.La 
longing]. 1. A perverted longing, or desire. 2. 
Paralysis of the solar plexus (the diaphragm formerly 
was regarded as the seat of the soul [dv/ios], and of 
the desires). 

Abernethy's fascia [John Abernethy, English 
surgeon, 1764-1831]. The subperitoneal areolar 
tissue that separates the external iliac artery from 
the iliac fascia overlying the psoas. A.'s operation, 
for ligation of the external iliac artery. In the earlier 
operation an incision was made in the line of the 
artery for about three inches, commencing nearly 
four inches above Poupart's ligament. Later the 
incision was less nearly vertical and more curved, 
with the convexity downward and outward, extending 
from about one inch within and one inch above the 
anterior superior spine to one and one-half inches 
above, and external to, the center of Poupart's liga- 
ment. A.'s sarcoma, a circumscribed fatty tumor 
found chiefly on the trunk. 

aberrant (ab-er'-anf) [ab, from; err are, to wander]. 
Deviating from the normal or regular type in appear- 
ance, structure, course, etc., as the aberrant duct of 
the testis or liver, aberrant arteries, etc. a. arteries, 
long, slender vessels connected with the brachial or 
axillary artery. 

aberratio humorum {ab-er-a'-she-o) [see aberrant]. 
An abnormal tendency or direction of blood or other 
fluid to a part; as in vicarious menstruation, a. lac- 
tis, milk metastasis; see galactoplania. a. mensium, 
a. menstruorum, see menstruation, vicarious. 

aberration {ab-er-a'-shun) [see aberrant]. Devi- 
ation from the normal; mental derangement; fetal 



ABEVACUATION 



ABORTION 



malformation; vicarious menstruation; escape of the 
fluids of the body by an unnatural channel. In 
optics, any imperfection of focalization or refraction 
of a lens, a., chromatic, the dispersion arising from 
unequal refraction of light of different parts of the 
spectrum. The violet rays, being more refrangible 
than the red rays, are brought to a focus nearer the 
lens, and the image is surrounded by a halo of colors. 
a., dioptric, see a., spherical, a., distantial, indistinct 
vision due to distance, a., lateral, a deviation of a 
ray in any direction from the axis measured in the 
focal plane perpendicularly to the axis, a., longi- 
tudinal, a deviation of a ray from the focus, measured 
along the axis above or below the focal plane, a., 
mental, a degree of paranoia that may or may not 
amount to insanity, a., Newtonian, same as a., 
chromatic, a., spherical, the excess of refraction of 
the peripheral part of a convex lens over the central 
part, producing an imperfect focus and a blurred 
image. 

abevacuation (ab-e-vak-u-a'-shun) [ab, from; evacu- 
ation], i. A morbid evacuation; an excessive or 
deficient discharge. 2. The passage of matter from 
one organ or cavity into another; metastasis. 

abeyance (ab-a'-ans) [O. Fr., for "open-mouthed 
expectation"]. A suspension of activity, or of 
function; a state of suspended animation, or action. 

Abies (a'-be-ez) [L.]. A genus of coniferous plants 
including the fir, hemlock, and spruce. A. balsamea, 
silver fir, balsam-fir, or balm of Gilead, a tree of the 
nat. ord. Coniferce, from which is derived Canada 
balsam. A. canadensis, hemlock-spruce; bark of 
the Canadian fir-tree. It is used as an astringent in 
various local and internal conditions. It yields 
Canada pitch. A. excelsa, Norway spruce. It 
yields Burgundy pitch. A. pectinata, the European 
silver fir. Its buds are resinous, balsamic, and sud- 
orific. 

abietene (ab-i'-et-en), C7H16. A hydrocarbon 
obtained from Pinus sabiniana, a California nut- 
pine. It is an aromatic, volatile liquid, agreeing in 
composition with normal heptane. Syn., erasene. 

abietic, abietinic (ab-i-et'-ik, ab-i-et-in'-ik) [Abies]. 
Pertaining to the genus Abies, as abietic acid, C44H64- 
O5 or C20H30O2, occurring in the resin of Abies excelsa 
and Larix europcea. 

abietin (ab-i'-et-in) [Abies]. A resinous principle 
obtained from the turpentine of various species of 
pine and fir. a. anhydride, C44H62O4, the main 
constituent of resin. 

abietite (ab-i'-et-it), CeHgOs. A sugar resembling 
mannite, found in the needles of the European silver 
fir, Abies pectinata. 

abiogenesis (ab-i-o-jen'-es-is) [&, priv.; /Si'os, life; 
genesis]. The (theoretic) production of living by 
nonliving matter. The older term was spontaneous 
generation. 

abiogenetic, abiogenous (ab-i-o-jen-et'-ik, ab-i-oj'- 
en-us). Pertaining to abiogenesis; characterized by 
spontaneous generation. 

abiogeny (ab-i-oj'-en-e). See abiogenesis. 

abiological (ah-bi-o-loj'-ik-al) [a, priv.; /3ios, life; 
\6yos, treatise]. Not pertaining to biology. 

abiosis (ab-i-o'-sis) [a, priv.; /3tos, life]. The 
absence of life. 

abiotic (ab-i-ot'-ik). Opposed to, or incapable of, 
or incompatible with life. 

abiotrophy (ab-i-of -ro-fe) [&, priv.; QLos, life; 
Tp6<f>r}, nourishment]. Degeneration or decay due to 
defective vital endurance. 

abirritant (ab-ir' -it-ant) [ab, from; irrilare, to 
irritate]. 1. Tending to diminish irritation ; soothing. 
2. Relating to diminished sensitiveness. 3. A rem- 
edy or agent that allays irritation. 

abirritation (ab-ir-it-a' -shun) [see abirritant]. Di- 
minished tissue-irritability; atony or asthenia. 

abjoint (ab-joint') [abjungere, to separate]. To 
separate by means of a joint or septum. 

abjunction (ab-jungk'-shun) [see abjoint]. The 
separation by means of a joint or septum, as of spores 
from a growing hypha in some fungi. 

ablactation (ab-lak-ta'-shun) [ab, from; lactare, to 
give suck]. The weaning of a child. The end of the 
suckling period. 

ablastemic (ah-blas-tem'-ik) [d, priv.; pXatrrrina, a 
shoot]. Non-germinal; in no way related to germina- 
tion. 

ablastous (ah-blas'-tus) [o/3\a<rros, not budding, 
sterile]. In biology, producing no germs or buds. 
Sterile. 



ablate (ab-lat') [ab, from; latum, from ferre, to 
carry]. To remove; to cut off. 

ablation (ab-la'-shun) [see ablate]. Removal of a 
part, as a tumor, by amputation, excision, etc. 

ablatio retinae (ab-la'-she-o ret'-in-e). Detachment 
of the retina. 

ablepharia, ablepharon (ah-blef-a'-re-ah, ah-blef- 
ar-on) [&, priv.; fi\k<j>a.pov , the eyelid]. A congenital 
condition in which there is a total absence either of 
eyelids or of the interpalpebral fissure, a., partial, 
a congenital defect in one or more of the eyelids. 
a., total, a congenital condition in which there is 
either a total absence of eyelids or the interpalpebral 
fissure. 

ablepharous (ah-blef'-ar-us) [see ablepharia]. With- 
out eyelids. 

ablepharus (ah-blef'-ar-us). An individual affected 
with ablepharia. 

ablepsia, ablepsy (ah-blep'-se-ah, ah-blep'-se) 
[d/3Xei/aa, without sight]. 1. Blindness. 2. Dulness 
of perception. 

abluent (ab'-lu-ent) [abluere, to wash away]. 
Detergent. That which cleanses or washes away. 

ablution (ab-lu'-shun) [see abluent]. Washing or 
cleansing the body. Separation of chemical im- 
purities by washing. 

abmortal (ab-mor'-tat) [ab, from; mors, death]. 
Passing from dead or dying to living muscular fiber 
(used of electric currents). 

abnerval (ab-ner'-val) [ab, from; nervus, a sinew]. 
Passing from a nerve (used of electric currents in 
muscular fiber). 

abnet (ab'-nel) [Hebr., a girdle]. A girdle, or 
girdleshaped bandage. 

abneural (ab-nu'-ral) [ab, from; vevpov, nerve]. 
Pertaining to a part remote from the neural or 
dorsal aspect; ventral. ^ 

abnormal (ab-nor'-mal) [ab, away from; norma, 
a rule]. Not normal; not conformable with nature 
or with the general rule. 

abnormalism (ab-nor' -mal-izm) [abnormal]. 1. Ab- 
normality. 2. An abnormal thing or structure. 

abnormality, abnormity (ab-nor-mal'-it-e, ab-nor'- 
mit-e). The quality of being abnormal; a deformity 
or malformation. 

aboiement (ah-bwah-mon' (g)) [Fr.]. Barking; the 
involuntary utterance of barking sounds. 

abolition (ab-o-lish'-un) [abolitio]. Destruction; 
cessation; suspension, as of a physiological function. 

abolitionism (ab-o-lish' -un-izm) [abolitio, an abol- 
ishing]. A movement originating in England to 
abolish the regulation and control of prostitution by 
the health-officers. Also applied to the movement 
to abolish vivisection. 

abomasum, abomasus (ab-o-ma'-sum, ab-o-ma'-sus) 
[ab, away; omasum, paunch]. The reed or proper 
digestive stomach of ruminating mammals; also 
called "fourth," or "true," stomach. 

aborad (ab-o'-rad) [ab, away from; os, mouth]. 
Away from the mouth; in an aboral situation or 
direction. 

aboral (ab-o'-ral) [ab, away from; os, the mouth]. 
Opposite to, or remote from, the mouth. 

aborigines (ab-or-ij'-in-ez) [ab, from; origo, origin, 
beginning]. Primitive, autochthonous, native, in- 
digenous. 

abort (ab-orf) [ab, from; ortus, from oriri, to grow]. 

1. To miscarry; to expel the fetus before it is viable. 

2. To prevent full development, as of a disease. 

3. To come short of full_ development. 

aborticide (ab-or' -tis-id) [abortus; ccedere, to kill]. 
1. The killing of the unborn fetus. 2. The means of 
killing the fetus. 3. Causing the destruction of a 
fetus. 

abortient (ab-or' -sheni) [see abort]. Abortive; 
abortifacient. 

abortifacient (ab-or-te-fa'-shent) [abortus; facere, 
to make]. 1. Causing abortion. 2. A drug or 
agent inducing the expulsion of the fetus. 

abortion (ab-or' -shun) [abortus, a miscarriage]. 
The expulsion of the ovum before the child is viable; 
that is, any time before the end of the sixth month. 
By some authors expulsion of the ovum during the 
first 3 months is termed abortion; from this time to 
viability it is termed immature delivery, or mis- 
carriage, and from the period of viability to that of 
maturity, premature delivery, a., accidental, see 
a., spontaneous, a., artificial, that produced in- 
tentionally, a., criminal, that not demanded for 
therapeutic reasons, a., embryonic, abortion up to 



ABORTIONIST 



ABSCESS 



the fourth month, a., epidemic, the occurrence of 
many cases at about the same time, due to wide- 
spread distress, excitement, or privation, or to some 
form of poisoning, such as ergotism, a., fetal, abor- 
tion after the fourth month, a., habitual, repeated 
abortion in successive pregnancies, usually due to 
syphilis, a., incomplete, when the membranes or 
the placenta is retained, a., induced, see a., arti- 
ficial, a., inevitable, when the embryo or fetus is 
dead, or when there is an extensive detachment or 
rupture of the ovum, a., justifiable, same as a., 
therapeutic, a., missed, the death of the fetus and 
not followed within two weeks by its expulsion. 
a., ovular, abortion within three weeks after con- 
ception, a., partial, the premature loss of one fetus 
in a case of multiple gestation, a., spontaneous, 
that not induced by artificial means, a., therapeu'tic, 
induced abortion to save the mother's life, a., tubal, 
the escape of a fertilized ovum through the abdominal 
opening of the oviduct into the peritoneal cavity. 

abortionist (ab-or'-shun-ist) [see abortion]. One 
who criminally produces abortions; especially one 
who follows the business of producing abortions. 

abortive {ab-or'-tiv) [see abortion]. Prematurely 
born; coming to an untimely end; incompletely 
developed; cutting short the course of a disease; 
abortifacient. 

abortus (ab-or'-tus) [L.]. An aborted fetus; 
abortion. 

abouchement (ab-oosh'-mon(g)) [Fr.]. The ter- 
mination of a small vessel in a larger one. 

aboulia (ah-boo'-le-ah). See abulia. 

aboulomania (ah-boo-lo-ma'-ne'ah). See abulo- 
mania. 

ab ovo (ab o'-vo) [L.]. In biology, from the egg; 
from the beginning. 

abrachia (ah-bra'-ke-ah) [&, priv.; Ppaxlow, arm]. 
The condition of an armless monster. 

abrachiocephalia (ah-bra-ke-o-sef-a'-le-ah) [abra- 
chia; «e0aXi7 head]. Headless and armless. 

abrachiocephalus (ab-rdk-e-o-sef -al-us) [abrachia; 
Ke<j>a\r), head]. A headless and armless monster. 

abrachius (ah-bra'-ke-us). See abrachia. 

abrade (a-brad') [abradere, to rub off]. To remove 
by friction or chafing; to roughen by friction. 

abraham (a' -bra-ham). To sham; to feign sickness 
or lunacy. A.-man, i. A mendicant lunatic from 
the Abraham Ward of Bethlehem Hospital, London; 
they bore a distinctive badge. 2. An impostor who 
feigned to be a lunatic and begged in the guise of an 
Abraham man. 

abrasio (ab-ra'-ze-o) [L.]. An abrasion, a. cor- 
neal, a scraping off of the superficial epithelium of 
the cornea, a. dentium, wearing away of teeth. 

abrasion (ab-ra'-zhun) [ab, priv.; radere, to rub]. 
Excoriation of the cutaneous or mucous surface by 
mechanical means. In dentistry, the wearing away 
of the dentine and enamel, or the cutting edges of 
the teeth, whether by mechanical or chemical means. 

abrasor (ab-ra'-zor) [L., "abrader"]. A surgeon's 
rasp or xyster; any file or instrument used in the 
surgical or dental abrasion of a surface; also, a rasp 
used in pharmacy. 

abrastol (ab-rast'-ol). See asaprol. 

abrin (ab'-rin). A phytotoxin obtained from the 
Abrus precatorius; its action is similar to that of ricin, 
but is less poisonous. 

abrosia (ab-ro'-ze-ah) [aPpuala, fasting]. Want of 
food; fasting. 

abrotanum (ab-rot'-an-um) [hfipoTovov, an aromatic 
plant]. The plant called southern-wood, Artemisia 
abrotanum. 

abruptio [L.]. Abruption; a tearing away. a. 
placentae, premature detachment of the placenta. 

abruption (ab-rup'-shun) [ab, away from; and 
rumpere, to break]. 1. A rupture or tearing asunder. 
2. A transverse fracture. 

Abrus (a'-brus) [afipos, pretty]. Jequirity; Indian 
licorice. The seeds of A. precatorius, or wild licorice. 
Its properties are thought to be due to the presence 
of certain ferments. See abrin. Infusions applied 
to the conjunctiva or to any mucous surface induce 
violent purulent inflammation with growth of false 
membrane. It is used in producing artificial con- 
junctivitis. 

abscess, abscessus (ab'-ses, ab-ses'-us) [abscessus, 
a departure or separation]. A localized collection of 
pus surrounded by a wall of lymph. Syn., ecpyema; 
gathering. According to location, abscesses are 
named dorsal, mammary, ischiorectal, perityphlitic, 



retropharyngeal, etc. a., acute, one resulting from an 
acute inflammation of the part in which it is formed. 
Syn., abscessus per fluxum. a.; alveolar, abscess in 
the gum or alveolus, a. amebic, a variety of abscess 
found in the liver and lung and containing amebae. 
a., anorectal, one of the celluloadipose tissue near 
the anus, a., arthrifluent, a wandering abscess 
having its origin in a diseased joint, abscessus 
arthriticus, Musgrave's term for intestinal abscesses 
due to "gouty dysentery." a., atheromatous, an 
area of softening in the wall of a vessel the result of 
sclerotic endarteritis, a., bicameral, one with two 
pockets, a., biliary, one connected with the gall- 
bladder or a bile-duct, a., bursal, abscess in a 
bursa, a., canalicular, mammary abscess that com- 
municates with a milk-duct, abscessus carniformis, 
Severinus' name for a hard sarcoma of the joints. 
a., chronic, a., cold, one of slow and apparently non- 
inflammatory development, generally about a bone, 
joint, or gland. It is usually tuberculous and con- 
tains cheesy material, a., circumscribed, one that is 
limited by an exudation of lymph, a., cold, see a., 
chronic, a., congestive, one in which the pus appears 
at a point distant from where it is formed, a., em- 
bolic, one formed at the seat of a septic embolus. 
a., fecal, one in the rectum or large intestine, a., 
fixation, an abscess produced by the subcutaneous 
injection of an irritant as a treatment of grave septi- 
cemia, a., glandular, one formed about a lymph- 
gland, a., gravitation, one in which pus formed in one 
part of the body tends to migrate, usually to portions 
deeper or lower down, in the direction gravity would 
take it. a., hematic, one due to an extravasated 
blood-clot, a., hemorrhagic, one containing blood. 
a., idiopathic, one not attributable to any disease. 
a., iliac, a wandering abscess of the iliac region. 
a., infecting mitral, one due to a lymph embolus 
caused by endocarditis, a., intramastoid, one of the 
mastoid process of the temporal bone, a., ischio- 
rectal, one in the ischiorectal fossa, a., lacunar, one 
in the urethral lacuna?, a., lumbar, a wandering 
abscess of the lumbar region, a., lymphatic. 1. The 
suppuration of a lymphatic gland. 2. An enlarged 
bursa mucosa, a., mammary, one in the female 
breast, a., marginal, one located near the anal 
orifice, a., mastoid, suppuration occurring in the 
cells of the mastoid portion of the temporal bone, 
a., metastatic, an abscess secondary to pyemia and 
ulcerative endocarditis, but not occurring through 
septicemia. It is usually of embolic origin and gen- 
erally located in the lungs and liver, a., miliary, a 
small embolic abscess, a., milk, a mammary abscess 
occurring during lactation. a., otic cerebral, a., 
otitic cerebral, an abscess of the brain following a 
purulent disease of the inner ear. a., parametric, 
a., parametritic, a form occurring frequently between 
the folds of the broad ligament of the uterus or in 
the neighboring cellular tissue, a., paranephric, 
a., paranephritic, one occurring in the tissues about 
the kidney, a., perimetric, a., perimetritic, pus 
within the peritoneum originating from inflammation 
of the peritoneal covering of the uterus, a., peri- 
nephric, a., perinephritic, one occurring in the region 
immediately surrounding the kidney, a., peri- 
pleuritic, one that occurs beneath the parietal pleura 
as the result of pleurisy, a diseased rib, or an injury. 
a., periproctitic, one in the loose areolar tissue sur- 
rounding the lower part of the rectum, a., peritoneal, 
a collection of softened exudate which has become 
encysted in cases of peritonitis, a., peritonsillar, 
one that forms in acute tonsillitis around one or 
both tonsils, a., phlegmonous, an acute abscess. 
abscessus pneumococcalis, one due to infection by 
pneumococci. a., postcecal, one located back of the 
cecum, a., posttyphoid, chronic abscess following 
typhoid, a., prelacrimal, an abscess due to caries of 
the lacrimal or the ethmoid bone, producing a swell- 
ing at the inner canthus immediately below the 
upper margin of the orbit, a., primary, one formed at 
the seat of pyogenic infection, a., psoas, one arising 
from disease of the lumbar or lower dorsal vertebra?, 
the pus descending in the sheath of the muscle, and 
usually pointing beneath Poupart's ligament, a., 
pyemic, see pyemia, a., residual, one formed in or 
about the residues of former inflammation. A.-root, 
the root of Polemonium replans; alterative, astringent, 
and expectorant, a., scrofulous, one due to tuber- 
culous degeneration of bone or lymph-glands, a., 
secondary, same as a., embolic, a., septicemic, one 
resulting from septic infection or accompanying 



ABSCESSED 



ABSTRACTION 



septicemia, a., shirtstud, two abscesses communi- 
cating by means of a sinus, a., spermatic, one 
involving the seminiferous tubules, a., spinal, one 
due to necrosis or disease of a vertebra, a., spirillar, 
Verneuil's name for an abscess containing spirilla 
from the saliva, a., stitch, one formed about a 
stitch or suture, a., subaponeurotic, one beneath an 
aponeurosis or fascia, a., subareolar, one beneath 
the alveolar epithelium of the nipple, a., subfascial, 
one beneath a fascia; postfascial abscess, a., sub- 
mammary, one lying between the mammary gland 
and the chest-wall. Syn., postmammary abscess; 
retromammary abscess, a., subpectoral, one beneath 
the chest muscles, a., subperitoneal, one arising 
between the parietal peritoneum and the abdominal 
wall. Syn., preperitoneal abscess, a., subphrenic, 
one located beneath the diaphragm, a., sudori- 
parous, an abscess due to inflammation of obstructed 
sweat-glands, a., sympathetic, a secondary or 
metastatic abscess at a distance from the part at 
which the exciting cause has acted (e. g., a bubo). 
a., thecal, one in the sheath of a tendon, a., tuber- 
culous, see a., chronic, a., tympanitic, one containing 
gas generated by putrefaction. Syn., abscessus 
flatuosus; gas abscess, a., urethral, i. Suppuration 
of a urethral lacuna; a lacunar abscess. 2. One 
involving the circumurethral tissue, a., urinary, one 
resulting from extravasation of urine, a., urinous, 
one containing urine mingled with the pus. a., 
verminous, a., worm, one containing intestinal 
worms, from communication with the intestine. 
a., wandering, one in which the pus has traveled 
along the connective tissue spaces and points at some 
locality distant from its origin. Syn., hypostatic 
abscess; abscessus per congestum; abscessus per 
decubitum. 

abscessed (ab'sesd). Affected with or caused by 
an abscess, as "abscessed teeth." 

abscession (absesh'-un) [abscessio, departure]. 
I. An abscess; a critical discharge. 2. Metastasis. 

abscissae (absis'se) [ab, away; scindere, to cut]. 
The transverse lines cutting vertical ones at right 
angles, to show by a diagram the relations of two 
series of facts, as, e. g., the number of pulse-beats or 
the temperature record in given periods of time. 

abscission (absish'-un) [see abscissa). Removal 
of a part by cutting; or the suppression of a physio- 
logical function. 

absconsio (abskon'se-o) [abscondere, to hide]. 
A sinus or cavity whether normal or pathological. 

absence (of mind) (ab'sens) [absentia, absence]. 
Inattention to surroundings; in marked instances it 
may be a result of central lesions. It is often seen 
in epileptics and melancholiacs. 

absentia epileptica (ab-sen'-she-ah ep-il-ep' -tik-ah) . 
Brief losses of consciousness occurring in the mild 
form of epilepsy. 

abs. feb. Abbreviation of absente febre [L.]. In 
the absence of fever. 

absinthe (ab'sinth). See under absinthium. 

absinthiate (absin'-the-at). A salt of absinthic 
acid. 

absintbiated (ab-sin'-the-a-ted). 1. Mixed with 
absinthe. 2. Containing wormwood. 

absintbin (absinth' -in) [absinthium]. A bitter 
crystalline principle obtainable from wormwood. 
See absinthium. 

absinthism (ab-sinth'-izm). A disease similar to 
alcoholism, the result of the excessive use of absinthe. 
It is characterized by general muscular debility and 
mental disturbances, that may proceed to convulsions, 
acute mania, or general paralysis. 

absinthium (ab-sinth'-e-um) [L.]. Wormwood. 
The leaves and tops of Artemisia absinthium. Absin- 
thium contains a volatile oil and an intensely bitter 
principle, absinthin, C20H28O4, which is a narcotic 
poison. Absinthium increases cardiac action and 
produces tremor and epileptiform convulsions. 
Dose 20-40 gr. (1.3-2.6 Gm.) in infusion. It is used 
as a stomachic tonic. Absinthe, a French liqueur, 
is an alcoholic solution of the oil exhibited with oils 
of anise, marjoram, and other aromatic oils. 

absinthol (ab-sinth'-ol), CioHieO. The principal 
constituent of oil of wormwood; it is isomeric with 
ordinary camphor. 

absolute (ab'so-lut) [absolvere, to complete]. Per- 
fect, entire, unconditional, a. alcohol, see alcohol. 
a. temperature, see temperature, a. zero, see zero. 

absorb (absorb') [absorbere, to suck up]. To suck 
up or imbibe; to take within one's self. 



absorbefacient (absorb-e-fa'shent) [absorptio, ab- 
sorption; facer e, to make]. Favoring or tending to 
produce absorption. 

absorbent (absor'-bent) [see absorb]. 1. Absorb- 
ing; capable of absorbing. 2. An organ or part that 
absorbs. 3. A term applied to the lacteals and 
lymphatics. 4. In materia medica, a drug or medi- 
cine that produces absorption of diseased tissue. 
a. cotton, see cotton, a. glands, see lymphatics. 
a. system, the lacteals and lymphatics with their 
associated glands. 

absorptio (absorp'she-o) [see absorb], a. mor- 
bosa, see absorption, excrementitial (2). a. pulmon- 
alis, see absorption, pulmonary, a. sana, see absorp- 
tion, physiological. 

absorptiometer (absorpshe-om'-et-er) [absorption; 
fikrpov, a measure]. A device for measuring the 
thickness of the layer of liquid that is taken up 
between two glass plates by capillary attraction. 
Used in conjunction with a spectrophotometer, it 
serves as a hematoscope. 

absorption (absorp'shun) [see absorb]. The 
permeation or imbibition of one body by another. 
a., chylous, the act or process of the entrance of the 
oil-globules of the chyle into the central canals of 
the intestinal villi, a., coefficient of, that number 
which represents the volume of a gas absorbed by a 
unit volume of water at o° C. and at a barometric 
pressure of 760 mm. a., cutaneous, absorption by 
the skin, a., disjunctive, the removal of living tissue 
around a necrosed mass, and its consequent sepa- 
ration from its surroundings. a., excrementitial. 

1. The absorption of fluid excretions by the mucosa. 

2. The absorption of excretions or morbid products 
(bile, pus) by the blood. Syn., pathological absorption; 
absorptio morbosa. a., external, the taking up by 
the skin or mucous surfaces of pabulum or medication 
applied to the exterior of the body or of an organ. 
a., internal. 1. The absorption of waste-products 
by the tissues; absorption of decomposition of dis- 
assimilation. 2. The taking up of pabulum by the 
tissues; absorption of nutrition; molecular, nutritive, 
organic absorption, a., interstitial, the removal by 
the absorbent system of effete matters, a. lines, 
a. bands, dark lines of the spectrum, called Fraun- 
hofer's lines, caused by the arrest or absorption of 
the ethereal waves of certain lengths and rapidities, 
mainly by vapors of the sun's atmosphere, a., 
lymphatic, that which occurs in lymphatic vessels. 
a. method, to determine whether or not hematuria 
is due to lesion of the bladder. It is based on the 
fact that the undenuded surface of the bladder will 
not absorb foreign substances. Fifteen grains of 
potassium iodide are injected into the bladder, and 
fifteen minutes later the saliva is examined for iodine. 
If found, it is an indication of an Unhealthy state of 
the bladder, a., molecular, a., nutritive, a., organic, 
see a., internal (2). a., pathological, see a., excre- 
mentitial (2). a., physiological, a phenomenon forming 
an important part of the digestive process, caused 
in part by the vital activity of the epithelial cells 
and in part by the physical laws of imbibition, 
diffusion, and osmosis. Syn., absorptio sana. a., 
progressive, atrophy of a part due to pressure. 
a., pulmonary, the taking up of oxygen, or of vapors 
(as of ether), by the lungs, a., purulent, 1. a., 
excrementitial (2). 2. pyemia, a., recrementitial, 
the absorption of surplus secretions, a., respiratory, 
see a., pulmonary, a. spectrum, a spectrum showing 
black lines where colors have been absorbed by the 
transmitting medium, a. tube, see under tube. 
a., ulcerative, that by which an ulcer forms or 
extends its area, a., venous, absorption bv the veins. 

absorptive (absorp'-tiv) [see absorb]. Having the 
power or function of absorbing. 

abstergent (abster'-jent) [abs, from; tergere, to 
cleanse]. 1. Cleansing; detergent. 2. A cleansing 
agent. See detergent. 

abstersive (abster'siv) [abslersivus]. Abstergent. 

abstinence (ab'stin-ens) [abs, from; tenere, to hold 
or keep]. Privation or self-denial in regard to food, 
liquors, etc. See fasting. 

abstract (ab'strakt) [abstrahere, to draw away]. 
In pharmacy, a solid preparation containing the 
soluble principles of a drug evaporated and mixed 
with sugar of milk. 

abstraction (abslrak'shun) [abstr actio, a drawing 
away]. 1. Blood-letting. 2. Attention to one idea 
to the exclusion of others. 3. In pharmacy, the 
process of distillation. 



ABSTRACTUM 



ACATASTASIA 



abstractum (ab-strak'-tum) [pi., abstracta]. An 
abstract. See abstract. 

abterminal (ab-ter' -min-al) [ab, from; terminus, 
end]. Passing from tendinous into muscular tissue 
(used of electric currents). 

abulia (ah-boo'-le-ah) [d, priv.; (lovXri, will]. Loss 
or defect of will-power. 

abulic (ah-boo'-lik) [see abulia]. Characterized by 
or affected with abulia. 

abulomania (ah-boo'-lo-ma'-ne-ah) [abulia; fiavia, 
madness]. A disease of the mind characterized by 
imperfect or lost will-power. 

abuse (ab-us') [abusus, a using up], i. Misuse or 
overuse. 2. Rape, a., self-, masturbation. 

abvacuation (ab-vak-u-a'-shun). Same as abe- 
vacuation, g. v. 

a.c. Abbreviation of the Latin ante cibum, before 
meals.- Also abbreviation of air-conduction. 

acacanthrax (ak-ah-kan'-thraks) [a, priv.; kclkos, 
bad; dv0pa£, a carbuncle: pi., acacanthraces]. Non- 
malignant anthrax. 

Acacia (ah-ka'-she-ah) [L.]. 1. A large genus of 
leguminous trees, shrubs, and herbs, many of them 
Australian or African. A number of the species are 
medicinal, and some are poisonous. The bark is 
usually very astringent. 2. Gum-arabic, which is 
produced by various species — A. lebbek, A. nilotica, 
A. vera, and A. verek. A. Senegal also furnishes 
gum-arabic, a nearly white, transparent gum, 
soluble in water. It is used in the manufacture of 
mucilage, and contains arabin, C12H22O11, identical 
in composition with cane-sugar, a. anthelmintica, 
see mussanin. a. catechu, see catechu, a., mucilage 
of (mucilago acacia, U. S. P.), acacia, 34; water, to 
make 100 parts; incompatible with alcoholic tinc- 
tures, a., syrup of (syrupus acacia, U. S. P.), 
mucilage, 25; simple syrup, 75. It is used in various 
mixtures as a demulcent and to suspend insoluble 
powders. 

Acalypha (ah-kal'-if-ah) [d/caXD^s, unveiled]. A 
genus of euphorbiaceous plants. A. fruticosa, of 
India, is useful in dyspepsia and diarrhea, and is 
tonic and alterant. A. hispida has similar uses. 
A. indica is a plant common in India. The leaves 
are expectorant, emetic, laxative. A. virginica, of 
North America, is diuretic and expectorant. Dose 
of the fluid-extract 10 min.-i dr. (0.6-4.0 Co); of the 
juice (succus acalypha), for an infant, 1 dr. (4 Cc). 

acampsia (ah-kamp'-se-ah) [d, priv.; K&nwreiv, to 
bend]. Inflexibility of a limb. 

acantha (ak-an'-thah) [aicavda, a thorn]. 1. A 
vertebral process. 2. The spinal column. 3. Spina 
bifida. 

acanthesthesia, acanthsesthesia (ak-anth-es-the' - 
ze-ah) [bicavOa, a prickle; alo-9ri<Tis, sensation]. A 
sensation as of pricking with needles. 

Acanthia lectularia (ak-an'-the-ah lek-chu-la'-re-ah) 
[L.]. The common bedbug. 

acanthial (ak-an'-the-al) [see acanthion]. Per- 
taining to the acanthion. 

acanthion (ak-an'-the-on) [&ko.p9lov, a little thorn]. 
A point at the base of the nasal spine. 

Acanthocephala {ak-an-tho-sef'-al-ah) [anavda, spine; 
Ke<j>akr], head]. An order of parasitic worms, 
characterized by a thorny armature of the head and 
proboscis. They are generally grouped in one genus, 
Echinorrhynchys. They infest pigs, birds, and fishes, 
and in their larval stage live in crustaceans. 

acanthoid (ak-an'-thoid) [&Kav$a, a spine]. Re- 
sembling a spine, or spicula; spinous. 

acantholysis (ak-an-thol'-is-is) [&Kav9a, prickle; 
Xdo-ts, a loosening, a wasting]. Any skin disease in 
which there is an atrophy of the prickle-layer. 
a. bullosa, see epidermolysis. 

acanthoma (ak-an-tho'-mah) [aicav6a, a spine]. 
A neoplasm, or localized excessive growth in any 
part of the prickle-cell layer of the skin. 

acanthopelvis {dk-anth-o-peV -vis) [anavBa, thorn; 
Pelvis]. Same as acanthopelys. 

acanthopelys (ak-anth-op' -el-is) [&Kav9a, thorn; 
ttcXuj, pelvis]. A pelvis that is encroached upon by 



acanthosis (ak-an-tho'-sis) [&.Kav9a, a spine]. Any 
skin disease marked by abnormities in the prickle- 
cell layer, a. nigricans, a general pigmentation of 
the skin, with papillary, mole-like growths. 

acanthulus {ak-an'-thu-lus). An instrument for 
removing thorns from wounds. 

acapnia (ah-kap'-ne-ah). A condition of dimin- 
ished carbon dioxide in the blood. 



acapsular (ah-kap'-su-lar) [&., priv.; capsula, a 
small box or capsule]. In biology, destitute of a 
capsule. 

acardia (ah-kar'-de-ah) [A, priv.; KapSla, heart]. 
Congenital absence of the heart. 

acardiac (ah-kar'-de-ak). 1. Having no heart. 
2. A fetus with no heart. 

acardiacus (ah-kar'-di-ak-us) [see acardia], A 
synonym employed by German writers for ompha- 
losite, a. acephalus, one in which the head is wanting, 
the thorax rudimentary, the pelvis and contiguous 
parts perfectly formed, a. amorphus, a shapeless 
lump with only rudiments of organs. 

acardiohemia, or acardiohsemia (ah-kar-de-o-he'- 
me-ah) [d, priv.; Kapbla, heart; alfia, blood]. Lack of 
blood in the heart. 

acardionervia {ah-kar-de-o-ner'-ve-ah) [d, priv. 
KapSLa, heart; nervus, a sinew]. Diminished nervous 
action or nerve-stimulus in the heart. 

acardiotrophia (ah-kar-de-o-tro'-fe-ah) [d, priv.; 
KapSla, heart; Tpo<pri, nutrition]. Atrophy of the 
heart. 

acardius (ah-kar'-de-us). Congenital absence of 
the heart. An acardiac monster. 

acarian (ah-ka'-re-an). Of or pertaining to the 
acarids or mites. 

acariasis (ah-kar-i'-as-is). A disease due to mites. 
See mange. 

acaricide (ak-ar'-is-td) [acarus; cadere, to kill]. 
An agent that destroys acarids. 

acarid, acaridan {ak'-ar-id, ak-ar'-id-an) [d/capijs, 
small; tiny]. Pertaining to acarus. 

Acarina (ak-ar-i'-na). An order of Arachnida, 
which includes the ticks and mites. They may 
cause severe symptoms from their bites, apart from 
the introduction of any parasite such as Spirochata. 

acarinosis (ak-ar-in-o'-sis) [acarus, a mite]. Any 
disease, as the itch, produced by a mite or acarid. 

acarodermatitis (ak-ar-o-der-mat-i'-lis) [acarus, a 
mite; dermatitis]. Dermatitis caused by acari, or 
mites. 

acaroid ?■ {ak'-ar-oid) [acarus; elSos, like]. Mite- 
like, a. gum, Botany Bay gum; resina lutea. An 
aromatic resin used in Australia as a remedy for 
gastric troubles, intestinal catarrhs, diarrheas, etc. 
Dose 8-16 gr. (0.5-1.0 Gm.) in alcoholic solution. 
Benzoic acid is prepared from it, and it is said to 
have the properties of storax and balsam of Peru. 
a. resin. See a. gum. 

acarophobia (ak-ar-o-fo'-be-ah) [acarus; tpofios, fear]. 
Morbid fear of the itch. 

acarotoxic (ak-ar-o-toks'-ik) [acarus, a mite; 
to^ikov, a poison]. Poisonous, or destructive, to 
acari. 

acarpae (ah-kar'-pe) [&, priv.; Kapiros, fruit]. A 
name proposed for a group of skin diseases in which 
there are no papules, tubercles, or elevated points. 

acarpia (ah-karp'-e-ah) [anapirla]. Sterility; bar- 
renness; unfruitfulness. 

acarpous (ah-kar'-pus) [&, priv.; Kapiros, fruit]. 
1. Having no elevations; not nodular. 2. Producing 
no fruit; sterile, barren. 

Acarus (ak'-ar-us) [&, priv.; Keipeiv, to cut (because 
so small)]. The mite, or tick, a parasite of man 
and animals. A. scabiei, Sarcoptes scabiei, the itch- 
mite, a small parasite with numerous sharp tubercles, 
spines, and hairs on the dorsal surface. See scabies. 

acatalepsia, acatalepsy {ah-kat-al-ep'-se-ah, ah-kat'- 
al-ep-se) [a, priv.; Karahap-fiaveLv, to understand]. 
1. Uncertainty in diagnosis. 2. Mental impair- 
ment; dementia. 

acataleptic (ah-kat-al-ep'-tik) [&, priv.; Kara\ap- 
fiavelv, to understand]. 1. Uncertain; doubtful (used 
of a prognosis or a diagnosis of a disease). 2. A 
person affected with acatalepsy. 

acatamathesia {ah-kat-am-ath-e' -ze-ah) [&, priv.; 
KaTap.a9t\a is, understanding]. 1. Inability to under- 
stand conversation, due to mental disorder. 2. A 
morbid blunting of the perceptions; as in psychical 
deafness, or psychical blindness. 

acataphasia (ah-kat-af-a'-ze-ah) [&, priv.; /card, 
after; <£d<n's, utterance]. A disorder in the syntac- 
tical arrangement of uttered speech, due to some 
central lesion. 

acataposis (ah-kat-ap-o'-sis) [&, priv.; Kara, down; 
voals, a drinking, a swallowing]. A difficulty in 
swallowing; dysphagia. 

acatastasia {ah-kat-as-ta' -ze-ah) [aKaravTavia]. 
Absence of regularity, or of fixed character, in the 
course of a disease, or in the nature of an excretion. 



ACATASTATIC 



ACELIOUS 



acatastatic (ah-kat-as-tat'-ik). Marked or char- 
acterized by acatastasia; irregular; not of definite 
type. 

acatharsia (ah-kath-ar'-se-ah) [iucadapcrla, un- 
cleansed state]. Impurity; foulness; need of purga- 
tion, or cleansing. 

acathectic {ah-kath-ek'-tik) [iicaBeKTucos, ungov- 
ernable]. Not able to retain, a. jaundice, see 
jaundice. 

acaudal, acaudate (ah-kaw'-dal, ah-kaw'-dat) [&, 
priv.; cauda, a tail]. Tailless. 

ACC. Abbreviation for anodal closure contraction. 

accelerans nerve (ak-sel'-er-ans) [L.]. A nerve 
that increases the rate and force of the heart's action. 

acceleration (ak-sel-er-a'-shuri) [accelerare, to 
hasten]. Quickening, as of the rate of the pulse or 
of the respiration. 

accelerator (ak-sel'-e-ra-tor) [see acceleration]. 
I. That which accelerates. 2. A muscle which 
hastens a physiological discharge, a. nerves, nerves 
passing from the medulla to the heart and conducting 
stimuli that cause acceleration of the heart's action. 
a. partus, an abortifacient or ecbolic agent, a. 
urinas, a muscle of the penis the function of which is 
to expel the last drops in urination, to expel the 
semen, and to assist erection. The sphincter vagina? 
is its analogue in the female. 

accentuated {ak-sent'-u-a-ted). Abnormally or 
unusually distinct, as respiratory or heart sounds. 

accentuation (ak-sen-tu-a' -shun) [accentuare]. In- 
creased loudness or distinctness. 

access (ak'-ses) [accessus, an approach], i. An 
attack of a disease. 2. The return of a fit, or 
paroxysm. 3. Cohabitation. And see non-access. 

accession {ak-sesh'-un) [ad, to; cedere, to go]. The 
assault, beginning, or onset of a disease, or of a stage 
of the same; applied especially to a recurrence of 
periodical disease. 

accessorius (ak-ses-o'-re-us) [pi., accessorii], 

1. Contributory in a secondary degree; accessory. 

2. An accessory, a. ad iliocostalem, see muscles, 
table of. a. Willisii, the spinal accessory nerve. 

accessory {ak'-ses-o-re or ak-ses'-o-re) [accessorius]. 
Auxiliary; assisting. A term applied to certain 
glands, muscles, ducts, nerves, arteries, etc., that are 
auxiliary in function, course, etc., to the principal. 
Certain small muscles, as the lumbricales, are re- 
garded as accessory to more important muscles. 
a. nu'cleus, the origin of the spinal accessory nerve. 
a. of the parot'id, the socia parotidis, a small gland. 

accident {ak'-se-dent) [accedere, to occur]. 1. In 
legal medicine, an event occurring to an individual 
without his expectation, and without the possibility 
of his preventing it at the moment of its occurrence. 
2. An intercurrent or complicating symptom or 
event, not to be looked for in the regular progression 
of an attack of disease. 

accidental (ak-se-dent'-al) [accidentalis]. 1. Due 
to, or caused by, an accident. 2. Intercurrent; 
having no essential connection with other conditions 
or symptoms, a. images, after-images, a. murmur, 
a murmur due to anemia. 

-accipiter (ak-sip'-it-er) [L., "a hawk"]. A facial 
bandage with tails radiating like the claws of a 
hawk. a. quinqueceps, a five-headed accipiter 
bandage, a. triceps, a three-headed accipiter ban- 
dage. 

acclimatation, acclimation, acclimatization (ak-li- 
mat-a' -shun, ak-lim-a'-shun, ak-li-mat-iz-a' -shun) [ad, 
to; clima, climate]. The process of becoming accus- 
tomed to the climate, soil, water, etc., of a country 
to which a plant, animal, person, or a people has 
removed. 

accommodation (ak-om-o-da' '-shun) [accommodare, 
to adjust]. Adaptation or adjustment, particularly 
the adjustment of the eye for different distances. 
a., absolute, the accommodation of either eye 
separately, a., asthenopia of, subnormal power of 
the function of accommodation, or the pain or dis- 
comfort from accommodative effort, a., binocular, 
the combined accommodation of the two eyes. 
a., histological, the occurrence of changes in the 
morphology and function of cells following changed 
conditions, a., negative, the opposite of positive 
accommodation, the refractive power of the eye 
being lessened, a. of the eye, that function of the 
ciliary muscle and lens whereby objects at different 
distances are clearly seen. It depends upon the 
inherent elasticity of the lens, which when the ciliary 
muscle of an emmetropic eye is at rest, is adapted to 



the proper focalization of theoretically parallel 
rays of light. Objects nearer, to be clearly seen, 
require a greater refracting power on the part of the 
eye because the rays from such objects are more 
divergent. This additional refracting power is 
gained by an increased anteroposterior diameter of 
the lens, brought about by the contraction of the 
ciliary muscle, which occasions a loosening of the 
suspensory ligament and a thickening of the lens by 
its own elasticity, a. phosphenes, the peripheral 
light-streak seen in the dark after the act of accom- 
modation, a., positive, that when the eye being 
focused for a more distant object is required for 
fixation upon a nearer point, a., range of relative, 
the range of accommodation at the command of the 
eye for any particular degree of convergence, a., 
reflex, Argyll Robertson pupil, a., region of, the 
extent controlled by the eye within which it dis- 
tinguishes objects clearly from the state of rest to 
that of maximum accommodation, a., spasm of, a 
term used to express excessive or persistent con- 
traction of the ciliary muscle, following the attempt 
to overcome error of refraction. It stimulates 
myopia, a., subnormal, deficient power of accom- 
modation, a., supernormal, excessive power of 
accommodation, a., theory of, Helmholtz's, that 
the increased convexity, of the lens is produced by a 
relaxation of the suspensory ligament, thus removing 
the influence which tends to flatten the lens and per- 
mitting the latter by its elasticity to become more 
convex, a., theory of, Schoen's, that the contraction 
of the ciliary muscle produces the same effect on the 
lens as is produced upon a rubber ball when held in 
both hands and compressed with the fingers, a., 
theory of, Tscherning's, by the contraction of the 
anterior part of both the radiating and circular 
fibers of the ciliary muscle the ciliary processes are 
drawn backward, and the suspensory ligament 
pulled backward and outward; pressure of the 
anterior portion of the muscle causes increased 
convexity of the lens. 

accommodative (ak-om' '-o-da-tiv) [accommodare, to 
adjust]. Pertaining to the function of accommo- 
dation, or resulting from it. a. iridoplegia, inability 
of the iris to respond to accommodative effort. 

accouche e (ak-koo-shay) [Fr., a, to; couche, a bed]. 
A woman delivered of a child. 

accouchement (a-koosh-mon(g)) [Fr.]. The French 
term for childbirth, a. force, rapid and forcible 
delivery with the hand. 

accoucheur (a-koo-shur) [Fr.]. A professional 
male assistant at childbirth. 

accoucheuse {a-koo-shuz) [Fr.]. A midwife. 

accrementitial (ak-re-men-tish'-al) [accrescere, to 
increase]. In biology, of or pertaining to the process 
of accrementition. 

accrementition (ak-re-men-tish'-uri) [ad, to; crescere, 
to grow]. A growth in which increase takes place 
by interstitial development from blastema, and 
also by reproduction of cells by fission. The pro- 
duction or development of a new individual by the 
separation of a part of the parent; gemmation. 

accrete {ak-ret'). In biology, grown together. 

accretion (ak-re'-shun) [ad, to; crescere, to increase]. 
1. A term denoting the manner by which crystalline 
and certain organic forms increase their material 
substance. 2. The adherence of parts normally 
separate. 3. An accumulation of foreign matter in 
any cavity. 

accubation (ak-u-ba'-jhun) [accubare, to recline]. 

1. A reclining posture; the taking to one's bed. 

2. The act of lying in bed with another person. 
accumulation {ak-u-mu-W -shun) [accumulare, to 

heap up]. An amassing or collecting together. 
a., fecal, an excessive aggregation of feces in the 
large intestine; coprostasis. 

accumulator (ak-u' -mu-la-tor) [accumulare, to heap 
up]. An apparatus to store electricity. 

-acea?. A suffix used in botany to designate a 
family, the name chosen being one of the principal 
genera. Ex., Rosa, Rosacea, Ranunculus, Ranuncu- 
lacees. 

acedia (ah-se'-de-ah) [iK-qSia]. A certain form of 
melancholia. 

acelia, acoelia (ah-se'-le-ah) [&, priv.; koCKlo., a 
cavity]. The absence of a natural cavity. Syn., 
acelosis. 

acelious (ah-se'-le-us) [&, priv.; koiXml, the belly]. 
Without a belly; applied to those extremely emaci- 
ated. 



ACELOSIS 



8 



ACETANILIDE 



acelosis, acoelosis (ah-sel-o'-sis). See acelia. 

acelous (ah-se'-lus) [&, priv.; koiXos, hollow]. 
Without intestines; anenterous. 

A. C. E. mixture. An anesthetic mixture com- 
posed of alcohol, i part; chloroform, 2 parts; ether, 
3 parts. See anesthetic. 

acenaphthene (as-en-af -then) [aceticus; naph- 
thalene], C12H10. A hydrocarbon that occurs in coal 
tar, and separates on cooling from the fraction 
boiling at 260-280 C. It crystallizes from hot 
alcohol in long needles melting at 95° C. and boiling 
at 277 C. 

acentric (ah-sen'-trik) [&, priv.; nevrpov, center]. 
Not eccentric; not originating in, or pertaining to, 
a nerve-center; peripheric. 

aceognosia (as-e-og-no'-se-ah) [okos, a remedy; 
ypuais, knowledge]. A knowledge of remedies. 

aceology (as-e-ol'-o-je) [a/cos a remedy; X6705, a 
discourse]. Therapeutics; medical and surgical 
treatment of disease; acology. 

acephalemia, acephalsemia or acephalhemia, 
acephalhsemia (ah-sef -al-e'-me-ah) [d priv.; Ke4>a\ij, 
head; dlna, blood]. Deficiency of blood in the head. 

acephalia (ah-sef-a '-le-ah) [d, priv.; K€<paXi?, head]. 
Absence of the head. 

acephalism (ah-sef '-al-izm) . See acephalia. 

acephalobrachia (ah-sef -al-o-bra' -ke-ah) [d, priv.; 
Kt<f>a\r), head; fipaxluv, arm]. Absence of the head 
and arms. 

acephalobrachius (ah-sef-al-o-bra'-ke-us). A mon- 
ster with neither head nor arms. 

acephalocardia {ah-sef -al-o-kar'-de-ah) [d, priv.; 
Kt<pa\ri, head; /capSta, heart]. Absence of the head 
and heart. 

acephalocardius (ah-sef -al-o-kar' -de-us) . A mon- 
ster with neither head nor heart. 

acephalocheiria, acephalochiria (ah-sef -al-o-ki' - 
re-ah) [d, priv.; Ke<paMi, head; x«P. hand]. Absence 
of the head and hands. 

acephalocheirus, acephalochirus (ah-sef-al-o-kV 
rus) [see acephalocheiria}. A monster with neither 
head nor hands. 

acephalocyst, acephalocystis (ah-sef -al-o-sist, ah- 
sef -al-o-sist' -is) [d, priv.; Ke<j>aKii, head; averts, a 
bladder]. The bladderworm. A headless, sterile 
hydatid, found in the liver and other organs, aceph- 
alocystis plana, Laennec's name for certain con- 
cretions found in the sheaths of tendons and in 
muscles, acephalocystis racemosa, the hydatid 
mole of the uterus. 

acephalogaster (ah-sef -al-o-gas'-ter) [dice^aXos, head- 
less; ya<TT7)p, belly]. A monster with neither head 
' nor belly. 

acephalogasteria (ah-sef -al-o-gas-te' -re-ah) [see 
acephalogaster]. Absence of the head and belly. 

acephalophorous (ah-sef -al-of'-or-us) [d, priv.; 
Ke<pa\r), head; <pkpeiv, to bear]. Destitute of a dis- 
tinct head. 

acephalopodia (ah-sef -al-o-po' -de-ah) [d, priv.; 
Ke<pa\r), head; vovs, foot]. Absence of the head and 
feet. 

acephalopodius (ah-sef -al-o-po' -de-us) [see aceph- 
alopodia). A monster with neither head nor feet. 

acephalorrhachia, acephalorachia (ah-sef -al-or-a' - 
ke-ah) [d, priv.; Ke<f>a\r), head; pdx«, spine]. Absence 
of the head and vertebral column. 

acephalorrhachus (ah-sef -al-or-a' -kus) [a, priv.; 
Ke<t>a\r), head; pdx«, spine]. A monster destitute of 
head and vertebral column. 

acephalostomia (ah-sef -al-o-sto' -me-ah) [d, priv.; 
Kt4>aKr), head; ar6p.a, mouth]. Absence of the head, 
with a mouth-like opening on the superior aspect. 

acephalostomus (ah-sef -al-os'-to-mus) [see aceph- 
alostomia]. A monster without a head, but with a 
mouth-like aperture. 

acephalothoracia (ah-sef -al-o-tho-r a 1 '-se-ah) [&, priv. ; 
Ke<pa\ri, head; 0a>pa£, chest]. Absence of the head 
and thorax. 

acephalothorax (ah-sef-al-o-tho'-raks). A monster 
destitute of head and thorax. Syn., acephalothorus. 

acephalothorus (ah-sef -al-o-tho' -rus). A monster 
without head or thorax. See acephalothoracia. 

acephalous (ah-sef -al-us) [a.nk<pahos, headless]. 
Headless. 

acephalus (ah-sef -al-us) [see acephalia]. A species 
of omphalositic monsters characterized by complete 
absence of the head and usually of the upper extremi- 
ties. It is the commonest condition among the 
omphalosites. a. dibrachius, an acephalus with two 
upper limbs in a more or less rudimentary state. 



a. dipus, an acephalus with two more or less developed 
lower extremities, a. monobrachius, one with one 
upper extremity, a cervical vertebra, and one or two 
more or less developed lower extremities, a. mon- 
opus, one with only one lower extremity, more or less 
developed. See acephalopodius. a. sympus, one in 
which the trunk ends in a long conic point at the 
end of which are attached one or two feet. 

acerate (as'-er-at) [acer, sharp]. 1. A salt of 
aceric acid. 2. Sharp-pointed, acicular. 

aceratosis (ah-ser-at-o'-sis) [d, priv.; /cepas, horn]. 
Deficiency or imperfection of corneous tissue. 
Akeratosis. 

acerbity (a-serb'-it-e) [acerbitas, sharpness, sour- 
ness]. Acidity combined with astringency. 

acercus (ah-ser'-kus) [anepicos, without a tail]. 
A monstrosity without a tail or the coccygeal vertebrae. 

acerdol (as'-er-dol), Mn02K2KOH. An oxidation- 
product- of potassium and manganese. It is used as 
an oxidizer and disinfectant. 

aceric (as-er'-ik) [acer, a maple tree]. Pertaining 
to, or found in the maple; as aceric acid. 

aceride (as'-er-id) [d, priv.; cera, wax]. An oint- 
ment or plaster containing no wax. 

acerotous (ah-ser'-o-tus) [d, priv.; Hypos, wax]. 
Containing no wax; said of ointments and plasters. 

acervuline (as-er'-vu-lin) [acervulus, a heap]. 
Agminated, or aggregated; as certain mucous glands. 

acervuloma (ah-ser-vu-lo'-mah) [acervulus, little 
heap; pi., acervulomata}. See psammoma. 

acervulus, a. cerebri (as-er'-vu-lus ser'-e-bri). 
Concretionary matter near the base of the pineal 
gland, consisting of alkaline phosphates and carbon- 
ates, with amyloid matter. Syn., brain-sand. 

acescence (as-es'-ens) [acescere, to grow sour]. 
1. The process of becoming sour; the quality of 
being somewhat sour. 2. A disease of wines, whereby 
they become sour, owing to the agency of Mycoderma 
aceti. 

acescent (as-es'-ent). Somewhat acid or tart; 
acidulous. 

acesodyne, acesodynous (ah-ses'-o-dln, ah-ses-od'- 
in-us) [&Ke<r&dwos]. Allaying pain; anodyne. 

acestoma (as-es'-to-mah) [d«effr6s, curable]. The 
mass of young granulation tissue which later forms 
the cicatrix. 

aceta (as-e'-tah). Plural of aceium, q. v. 

acetabular (as-et-ab'-u-lar) [acetabulum, a vinegar 
cup]. Pertaining to the acetabulum. 

acetabulum (as-et-ab'-u-lum) [see acetabular]. A 
cup-shaped depression on the outer aspect of the 
innominate bone for the reception of the head of the 
femur, a. cotyle, the articular cavity of the innomi- 
nate bone. a. humeri, the glenoid cavity. 

acetal (as'-et-al) [acetum, vinegar]. 1. C6H14O2. 
Ethidene diethylate, a colorless liquid with an 
ethereal odor, produced by the imperfect oxidation 
of alcohol under the influence of platinum black. 
It is sparingly soluble in water; boils at 104 C; 
sp. gr. at 20 is 0.8304. Its action is that of a sopori- 
fic. Dose 1 dr. (4 Gm.). 2. A mixture said to 
consist of acetic ether and oils of cloves, bergamot, 
lavender, lemon, menthol, orange, rosemary, thyme, 
and absolute alcohol, a., dimethyl, see methylal. 

acetaldehyde (as-et-aV -de-hid). The normal alde- 
hyde; ethaldehyde. See aldehyde. 

acetals (as'-et-alz) [acetum, vinegar]. Products of 
the combination of aldehydes with alcohols at ioo° C. 

acetamide, acetamid (as-et'-am-id), CH3. CO.NH2. 
A white, crystalline solid produced by distilling am- 
monium acetate, or by heating ethyl acetate with 
strong aqueous ammonia. It combines with both 
acids and metals to form unstable compounds. 

acetamidoantipyrine (as-et-am-id-o-an-ti-pi'-rin). A 
crystalline compound used as antipyrine. 

acetamidophenol (as-et-am-id-o-fen'-ol). C6H4OH.- 
NH.C2H3O. An oxidation-product of acetanilide; 
hydroxyantifebrin. 

acetaminol (as-et-am'-in-ol), C18H23NO4. A reac- 
tion-product of paranitrobenzoyl chloride with 
eugenol-sodium, followed by reduction and acetyliza- 
tion. It occurs as white scales or crystalline powder, 
soluble in alcohol and insoluble in water, and melting 
at 160 C. It is used in pulmonary tuberculosis. 
Syn., para-acetamido-benzoyleugenol; acetamido-ben- 
zoyl. 

acetanilide (as-et-an'-il-id), CsHgNO. Phenyl- 
acetamide. A white, crystalline solid, produced by 
boiling anilin and glacial acetic acid together for 
several hours, the crystalline mass being then dis- 



ACETAS 



ACETOPHENONEPHE NETIDINE 



tilled. It melts at 114 and boils at 259°. It is 
soluble in hot water, alcohol, and ether. Under the 
name antifebrin it is prescribed as an antipyretic. 
Dose 2-10 gr. (0.13-0.65 Gm.), not exceeding 30 gr. 
(2 Gm.) in the 24 hours; of the compound powder 
(pulvis acetanilidi compositus, U. S. P.) 7 1 gr. (0.5 
Gm.). a., ammoniated, a mixture of acetanilide, 
25 parts; ammonium carbonate, 10 parts; sodium 
bicarbonate, 5 parts; sugar of milk, 60 parts. It is 
recommended as causing less depression than ace- 
tanilide alone, a., monobromated, see antisepsin. 

acetas (as'-et-as). An acetate or salt of acetic 
acid. 

acetate (as'-el-dt) [see acetic]. Any salt of acetic 
acid. a. of lead, plumbi acetas; see plumbum. 

acetated (as'-et-a-ted). Treated with or containing 
an acetate, acetic acid, or vinegar. 

acetic (as-e'-tik) [acetum, vinegar]. Pertaining to 
acetum or vinegar; sour. See acid, acetic, a. acid 
amide, see acetamide. a. acid esters, see methyl 
acetate and ether, acetic, a. acid salts. 1. Readily 
soluble crystalline salts formed from the bases. 
2. Basic salts formed from iron, aluminum, lead, 
and copper; sparingly soluble in water. 3. Alkali 
salts, which have the property of combining with a 
molecule of acetic acid to produce acid salts, a. 
aldehyde, see under aldehyde, a. anhydride, C4H6O3, 
a colorless, mobile liquid, highly refractive, and 
with an odor of acetic acid. Sp. gr. 1.080 at 15 C.; 
boils at I36°-I38° C. Syn., acetyl oxide; acetic 
oxide; socalled anhydrous acetic acid. a. ether, see 
under ether, a. fermentation, the development of 
acetic acid by the activity of the Mycoderma aceti. 
a. fungus, any one of several minute fungoid organ- 
isms capable of inciting and maintaining acetic 
fermentation, as first proved by Pasteur in 1864. 

acetification (as-et-e-fi-ka'-shun) [acetum, vinegar; 
facere, to make]. The production of vinegar by 
acetic fermentation. 

acetimeter, acetimetric, acetimetry. See aceto- 
meter; acetometry ; acetometric. 

acetin (as'-et-in) [acetum, vinegar], C3Hsj(C2H302)3. 
A chemical compound formed by the union of glycerol 
and acetic acid. 

acetoacetate (as-et-o-as'-et-at). A salt of aceto- 
acetic acid. 

acetoacetic acid (as-et-o-as-e'-tik). A monobasic 
acid formed from acetic acid by replacing one of the 
hydrogen atoms of the acid radical with the acetic- 
acid radical, acetyl. See Gerhardt. a. esters, CH3. 
CO . CH2 . CO2R, liquids possessing an ethereal 
odor, produced by the action of metallic sodium 
upon acetic esters; they dissolve with difficulty in 
water and can be distilled without decomposition. 

acetoarsenite (as-et-o-ar' -sen-it). A salt composed 
of an acetate and an arsenite of the same base. 

acetobromide (as-et-o-bro'-mid). An acetic-acid 
salt in which part of the hydrogen of the acid radicle 
has been replaced by bromine. 

acetochloride (as-et-o-klor'-id). A salt composed 
of an acetate and a chloride of the same base. 

acetoglycocoll (as-et-o-gli'-ko-kol) , 
^„ ^ NH . C3H2O. 
CH2 < CO2H. 
A substance resembling a monobasic acid, obtained 
from the action of acetyl chloride on glycocoll silver 
and of acetamide on monochloracetic acid ; it is soluble 
in alcohol; melts at 206 C. Syn., acetamidoacetic 
acid; aceturic acid. 

acetoiodide (as-et-o-i'-o-did). A double salt con- 
taining the acetate and iodide of the same radical. 

acetol (as'-et-ol). 1. See acetyl carbinol. 2. A 
remedy for toothache, said to consist of acetic acid, 
8.46%; alum, 3.07%; water, 88.5%; with a small 
proportion of essential oils of sage, clove, and pepper- 
mint. 

acetoluid (as-e-tol'-u-id), C-HtNH . C2H3O. Aceto- 
orthotoluid. An antipyretic resembling acetanilid. 
The dose is not accurately determined. 

acetomel (as-et'-o-mel). See oxymel. 

acetometer (as-et-om' -et-er) [acetum, vinegar; 
tikrpov, a measure]. An instrument used in the 
quantitative determination of acetic acid. 

acetometric (as-et-o-met'-rick). Pertaining to 
acetometry. 

acetometry (as-et-om' -et-re) [acetum, vinegar; 
\xkrpov, measure]. The quantitative estimation of 
the amount of acetic acid in vinegar. Usually made 
by an acetometer. 



aceton. 1. See acetone. 2. A proprietary remedy 
for headache and influenza. 

acetonasthma (as-et-on-az'-mah) [acetone; asthma]. 
Attacks of dyspnea similar to uremic asthma, accom- 
panied, with restlessness, headache, nausea, vomiting, 
transient amaurosis, and acetonuria. 

acetone, aceton (as'-et-on) [acetum, vinegar], 
CH3 . CO . CH3. Dimethylketone. A colorless, 
mobile liquid, of peculiar odor and burning taste, 
present in crude wood-spirit; it occurs in small 
quantities in the blood and in normal urine, and in 
considerable quantities at times in the urine of 
diabetic patients. It is miscible with ether, alcohol, 
and water. It is used as an anesthetic and anthel- 
mintic. Dose 15--20 min. (0.9-1.2 Cc). Syn., 
mesitic alcohol; mesilyl alcohol; methyl acetyl; acetyl 
methyl. See Chautard, Gunning, Legal, Lieben, 
Malerba, le Nobel, Penzoldt, Reynolds, a. chloro- 
form, HO . C(CH 3 )2CCl3, a compound formed by 
the addition of potash to equal weights of acetone 
and chloroform. It occurs as white crystals, spar- 
ingly soluble in water, more freely in alcohol and 
glycerol. Its 1 % aqueous solution is called aneson. 
It is used as a hypnotic and anesthetic. Dose 15-20 
gr. (1. 0-1.3 Gm.). Syn., chloretone; trichlortertiary 
butyl alcohol; trichlorpseudobutyl alcohol, a. diethyl- 
sulphone, see sulphonal. a., monochlorated, C3H5CIO, 
a colorless liquid having a pungent odor, obtained by 
chlorinating acetone, a. phenylhydrazone, (CHshC :- 
N2HC6H5, one of the nitrogen derivatives of ketone. 
a. resorcinol, C15H16O4 + H2O, a combination of 
resorcinol with acetone and fuming hydrochloric 
acid added hot. It occurs in small anhydrous prisms, 
soluble in alkaline solutions, insoluble in water, 
alcohol, ether, and chloroform. It melts at 212 - 
2 13 C. It is used in the same manner as resorcinol. 

acetonemia, acetonaemia (as-et-on-e'-me-ah) [ace- 
tone; alua, blood]. The presence of acetone in the 
blood. 

acetones (as'-et-onz). A class of compounds that 
may be regarded as consisting of two alcoholic radi- 
cals united by the group CO, or as aldehydes in which 
hydrogen of the group COH has been replaced by an 
alcoholic radical. 

acetonin (as-et'-on-in). 1. A body produced by 
the action of ammonia on acetone. 2. Dihydrotri- 
acetonamine. 

acetonitrate (as-et-o-ni'-trat). A double salt, the 
acetate and nitrate of the same radical. 

acetonitril (as-et-on-i'-tril), CH3CN or C2H3N. 
Methyl cyanide. It is a colorless liquid, having an 
agreeable odor, and is prepared by distilling acetamide 
with P2O5. It may also be produced from prussic 
acid and diazomethane. It melts at— 41 C, boils 
at 81.6 C, and has a sp. gr. of 0.789 at 15 C. 
Syn., carbamine. 

acetonoresorcinol. See acetone resorcinol. 

acetonuria (as-et-o-nu'-re-ah) [acetone; ovpov, urine]. 
The presence of acetone in the urine. 

acetonyl (as-et'-on-il), CH2 — CO — CH3. A uni- 
valent radical obtained from acetone by taking away 
one atom of hydrogen. 

acetophenetidine (as-et-o-fen-et' -id-en) . See phen- 
acetine. 

acetophenone (as-et-o-fe'-non), C6H 5 (CO)(CH 3 ). 
Phenyl methyl ketone; also called hypnone; a hyp- 
notic and antiseptic. It results from the action of 
zinc methyl upon benzoyl chloride and crystallizes 
in large plates, melts at 20. 5 and boils at 202 . It 
is without satisfactory action. Dose 4-15 min. 
(0.26-1.0 Cc). 

acetophenoneorthooxyquinolin (as-et-o-fe-non-or- 
tho-oks-e-kwin'-ol-in), C 2 H 6 NO . CH2 . CO . CeH 5 . 

A base obtained by interaction between a halogen 
compound of acetophenone and orthoquinolin in 
the presence of solvents and an alkali. It forms 
well-defined salts, is soluble in volatile solvents, and 
melts at 130 ° C. It is said to have hypnotic and 
antineuralgic properties; is odorless, tasteless, and 
nonirritating. 

acetophenonephenetidine (as-et-o-fe-ndn-fen-ef- 
id-in). A condensation-product of acetophenone 
and paraphenetidine. a. citrate, 

r „ .OC2H5 
( - 6il4 <N=C(CH 3 )(C6Ho) . HsC. 

lemon-yellow needles, soluble in ether and hot 
alcohol, insoluble in water. It melts at 88° C; is 
antipyretic and antineuralgic. Dose 8-15 gr. 
(0.5-1.0 Gm.). Syn., malarin. 



ACETOPYRINE 



10 



ACHIROUS 



acetopyrine, acetopyrin {as-et-o-pi'-ren, -tin). A 
mixture of antipyrine and acetyl salicylic acid, occur- 
ring as a whitish, crystalline powder, soluble with 
difficulty in cold water, ether, and petroleum ether, 
readily soluble in warm water, alcohol, chloroform, 
and warm toluol. It is antipyretic. Dose 7 gr. 
(0.4 Gm.) 6 times daily. Syn., antipyrine acetyl- 
salicylate, a. acetosalicylate, antipyretic, analgesic, 
sedative; employed in influenza, bronchitis, rheu- 
matic headache, sciatica, hemicrania, and acute 
articular rheumatism. 

acetous {as-e'-tus) [acetum, vinegar]. Resembling 
vinegar; pertaining to or charged with vinegar or 
acetic acid. 

acetozone {as-et'-o-zon). See benzoylacetylperoxide. 

acetparaphenetidine {as-et-par-a-fe-nef -id-en) . 

Same as phenacetine. 

acetparatoluid (as-et-par-ah-tol'-u-id), C3HN11O. 
Antipyretic, colorless crystals, slightly soluble in 
water, moderately soluble in alcohol; it melts at 
149 C. Dose 15-30 gr. (1-2 Gm.). Syn., acet- 
paramidotoluql ; paratolylacetamide. 

acetphenetidin {as-et-fe-net'-id-in) [acetum; phenol]. 
A compound derived from phenol, having antipyretic 
and antineuralgic properties. It is crystalline, 
tasteless, and almost insoluble in water. Dose 4-30 
gr. (0.26-2.0 Gm.). Syn., phenacetine. 

acetum {as-e'-tum) [L.; gen., aceti; pi., aceta]. 
Vinegar. An impure, dilute acetic acid produced by 
acetous fermentation of wine, cider, or other fruit- 
juice. In pharmacy, a solution of the active prin- 
ciples of certain drugs in dilute acetic acid. See 
vinegar, a. aromaticum (N. F.) ["aromatic vine- 
gar"], a mixture of alcohol, water, and acetic acid, 
aromatized with the oils of rosemary, lavender, 
juniper, peppermint, cassia, lemon, and cloves. 
a. britannicum, an aromatic vinegar consisting of 
glacial acetic acid, 600; camphor, 60; oil of cloves, 2; 
oil of cinnamon, 1; oil of lavender, 0.5. 

acetyl {as'-et-il) [acetum, vinegar], C2H3O. A uni- 
valent radical supposed to exist in acetic acid and 
its derivatives. Aldehyde may be regarded as the 
hydride, and acetic acid as the hydrate, of acetyl. 
Syn., acetosyl; acetoyl; acetoxyl; othyl. a.-anhydride, 
see acetic anhydride, a.-atoxyl, an atoxyl substitu- 
tion product, better known as arsacetin, q. v. a. 
benzene, see acetophenone. a. bioxydamide, see 
acetamide. a. bromide, C2H3BrO, a reaction-product 
of acetic acid with phosphorus pentabromide; it is a 
fuming liquid which turns yellow in the air; it boils 
at 81 ° C. It is used as a reagent, a. carbinol, 
CH3 . CO . CH2OH, a saturated ketol produced by 
the action of water and barium carbonate upon 
chloracetone, also by fusing cane-sugar and grape- 
sugar with caustic potash. It is a colorless oil 
with a feeble, peculiar odor; boils at i45°-iso° C. 
Syn., pyroracemic alcohol; acetone alcohol; oxy acetone; 
methyl ketol; acetol. a. chloride, C2H3CIO, a reaction- 
product of acetic acid with phosphorus trichloride; 
it is a colorless, highly refracting, fuming liquid; 
sp. gr. 1. 1305 at o° C.; boils at 55° C. It is used as 
a reagent. a. ethylphenylhydrazin, C14H22N4O2, 
colorless needles obtained by heating a solution of 
ethylenephenylhydrazin with an excess of acetic 
anhydrid. It is recommended as an antipyretic. 
Syn., phenylhydrazinacetylethyl. a. formyl, see alde- 
hyde, pyroracemic. a. hydrate, acetic acid. a. 
hydride, same as acetic aldehyde. See under aldehyde. 
a. iodide, C2H3OI, a reaction-product of acetic acid 
with iodine and phosphorus; it is a brown, fuming 
liquid; sp. gr. 1.98 at 17 C.; boils at i05°-io8° C. 
a. isocyanide, (C2H3O) — N = C, a liquid in its simple 
form, but capable of polymerization as a crystalline 
solid. It boils at 93 C. Syn., acetic isocyanide; 
cyanacetyl. a. isoeugenol, the direct antecedent of 
vanillin in the manufacture of the synthetic product, 
and is used as a substitute for vanillin, a. leuko- 
methylene-blue, a colorless form of methylene-blue 
for internal use. a. methyl, see acetone, a. oxide, 
same as acetic anhydride, a.-paraamidophenyl- 
salicylate, see salophen. a. peroxide, (C2H30)2C»2, 
a thick liquid, insoluble in water, but readily dis- 
solved by ether and alcohol. It is a powerful 
oxidizing agent. It is decomposed in sunlight and 
explodes violently when heated, a. phenylhydrazid, 
a. phenylhydrazin, same as hydracetin and pyrodin. 
a. tannin, a grayish-yellow, slightly hygroscopic, 
odorless, tasteless powder, soluble in alcohol, dilute 
sodium phosphate, sodium carbonate, or sodium 
borate; slightly soluble in hot water and ether; 



insoluble in cold water; melting at 190 C. It is an 
astringent and is used internally in chronic diarrhea. 
Externally, it is used in chronic pharyngitis. Dose 
3-75 gr. (0.2-0.5 Gm.). Application, 3 % solution 
in 5 % sodium phosphate. Maximum dose 60 gr. 
(4 Gm.) daily. Syn., tannigen. a. thymol, C12H16O2, 
a colorless antiseptic liquid with a pungent taste 
having a specific gravity of 1.009 at o° C. and boiling 
at 244.4 C. Syn., thymol acetate, a. tribromsalol, 
fine, white acicular crystals which melt at 108. 5 ; 
insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol. Syn., cordyl. 
a. urethane, see urethane. 

acetylene {as-et'-il-en) [acetum, vinegar], C2H2. 
A colorless gas, with a characteristic, unpleasant 
odor, burning with a luminous, smoky flame. It is 
formed by the imperfect combustion of illuminating 
gas and other hydrocarbons. The acetylene series of 
hydrocarbons has the general formula CnH2n-2. 

acetylization (as-et-il-i-za'-shun). The act of 
combining with or producing compounds of acetic 
acid or acetyl. 

Achalme's bacillus (ak-al'-ma). An anaerobic 
bacillus, probably identical with Welch's Bacillus 
aerogenes capsulatus; it has been regarded as the 
cause of acute articular rheumatism. 

ache (ak) [AS., acan, to ache]. Any continuous or 
throbbing pain. 

acheilia {ah-ki' -le-ah) [A, priv.; x«*°s. a lip]. 
The congenital absence of lips. 

acheilous (ah-ki'-lus) [see acheilia]. Lipless. 

acheilus (ah-ki'-lus) [A, priv.; x^os, a lip]. 
A person affected with acheilia. 

acheir {ah'-kir) [A, priv.; x«t/?. the hand]. 1. 
Acheirous. 2. Said of fishes lacking pectoral fins. 

acheiria {ah-ki'-re-ah) [A, priv.; xelp, a hand]. 
The congenital absence of hands. 

acheirous {ah-ki'-rus) [see acheiria]. Affected 
with acheiria. 

acheirus {ah-ki'-rus). An acheirous person, or 
fetus; one who was born without hands. 

achene {a-ken'). Same as achenium. 

achenium {ah-ke'-ne-um) [A, priv.; xaiveiv, 'gape; 
pi., achenia]. In biology, a small, dry, one-seeded, 
indehiscent fruit. 

achilia {ah-ki' -le-ah). See acheilia. 

Achillea (ak-il-e'-ah) [Achilles, its reputed dis- 
coverer]. Milfoil; yarrow. The herb A. mille- 
folium. Its properties are due to a bitter, aromatic, 
astringent, tonic extractive, achillein, and a volatile 
oil. It has long been used as a vulnerary, and has 
been highly recommended for intermittent and low 
exanthematous fevers. Dose 1 oz.-i pint infusion 
ad lib.; of the extractive, 1-3 dr. (4-12 Gm.); of the 
volatile oil, 5-15 rnin. (0.3-1.0 Cc). To the genus 
Achillea belong various other unofficial medicinal 
plants, as A. moschata, of the Alps, used in pre- 
paring cordials and a diaphoretic medicine, and 
A. ptarmica, or sneezewort, a strong sialagogue. 

achillein, achilleinum {ak-il-e'-in, -i'-num), C20H38- 
N2O15. A glucoside obtained from Achillea mille- 
folium and A. moschata. Occurs as a brownish-red, 
amorphous mass, of a strongly bitter taste, soluble 
in water, less soluble in alcohol, insoluble in ether. 
It is stated that divided doses up to 30-75 gr. (2-5 
Gm.) cause marked irregularity of the pulse. 

Achilles tendon {ak-il'-ez ten'-don). The tendon 
of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles, inserted 
into the back of the heel. A. t. reflex, contraction 
of the calf of the leg on tapping the tendo Achillis. 

achillobursitis (ak-il-o-bur-si'-tis) [Achilles tendon; 
bursitis]. Inflammation of the bursa? lying approxi- 
mate to the Achilles tendon. 

achillodynia {ak-il-o-din' -e-ah) [Achilles \tendon; 
bbbvi), pain]. Pain referred to the insertion of the 
Achilles tendon. 

achillorrhaphy {ak-il-or' -af-e) [Achilles tendon; 
t>att>ii, suture]. Suture of the Achilles tendon; prac- 
tised by C. Bayer instead of achillotomy for the 
sake of lengthening the tendon. This is exposed, the 
length divided in half, the upper end of one side, 
the lower end of the other, cut across, and both the 
cut surfaces united by a suture. 

achillotomy {ak-il-of -o-me) [Achilles tendon; tout), 
a cutting]. The subcutaneous division of the 
Achilles tendon. 

achillotenotomy {ak-il-o-ten-ot'-o-me). Same as 
achillotomy. 

achilous {ah-ki'-lus). See acheilous. 

achiria {ah-ki'-re-ah). See acheiria. 

achirous {ah-ki'-rus). See acheirous. 



ACHIRUS 



11 



ACID 



achirus (ah-ki'-rus). See acheirus. 

achlorhydria (ah-klor-hi' -dre-ah) [d, priv.; chlor- 
hydric {acid)]. Absence of free hydrochloric acid 
from the gastric juice. 

achloropsia (ah-klor-op'-se-ah) [d, priv.; x^«P°s. 
green; 5i/<«, vision]. Green-blindness. 

acholia (ah-ko'-le-ah) [&, priv.; x°^v> bile], i. Ab- 
sence of biliary secretion. 2. Any condition ob- 
structing the escape of the bile into the small intes- 
tine. 3. Asiatic cholera. 4. A mild temperament. 
a., pigmentary, that in which there are deficiency of 
bile and lack of color in the feces, but no jaundice. 

acholic (ah-kol'-ik). 1. Affected with acholia. 
2. Able to cure jaundice. 3. Due to acholia. 

acholous (ah'-ko-lus). Pertaining to or affected 
with acholia. 

acholuria (ah-kol-u'-re-ah) [d, priv.; x°M» bile; 
olpov, urine]. The absence of bile-pigment in the 
urine. 

achondroplasia (ah-kon-dro-pla'-ze-ah) [d, priv.; 
Xovbpos, cartilage; irX&aaeiv, to form]. Lack of 
development in a cartilaginous structure; the ab- 
sorption of cartilage during its transformation into 
bone. 2. Parrot's term for a form of fetal rickets 
in which the limbs are short, the curves of the bones 
exaggerated, and there is an absence of the pro- 
liferating zone of cartilage at the junction of the 
epiphyses. The children are generally still-born. 
This condition is very much like a fetal cretinism. 
Also known as chondrodystrophia fetalis. 

achondroplastic (ah-kon-dro-plas'-tik) . Pertaining 
to achondroplasia. 

achor (a'-kor) [dx«p. chaff, scurf, or dandruff: pl. f 
achores (a-kor'-ez)]. Crusta lactea, ^ small pustule, 
followed by a scab, upon the heads of infants; milk- 
crust, a. barbatus, barber's itch. 

achor dal (ah-kor' '-dal) [&, priv.; xopSrj, cord]. 
Not derived from the notochord. 

achoresis (ah-kor-e'-sis) [a, priv.; x^peiv, to make 
room; pi., achoreses). Grossi's term for the dimin- 
ished capacity of a hollow organ, as of the bladder. 
Syn., achoria. Cf. stenochoria. 

Achorion (a-ko'-re-on) [dim. of &xwp> chaff], A 
genus of fungous organisms, including several species 
(possibly modified forms of Penicillium glaucum) 
found in the skin, especially the hair-follicles. A. 
keratophagus, the form causing onychomycosis. 
A. lebertii, the parasite of Tinea tonsurans. A. schoen- 
leinii, the species occurring in ringworm, or Tinea 
favosa. 

Achras (ak'-ras) [dxpds, the wild pear]. A genus 
of arboraceous plants of the order Sapotacece. A. 
sapota [cochitzapotl, Mex.], the sapodilla plum; a 
species indigenous to South America. The fruit is 
edible, sweet, cloying; said to be beneficial in strang- 
ury. The seeds are laxative and diuretic; they are 
exhibited in emulsion in cases of gravel and renal 
colic. The bitter astringent bark (cortex jamaicensis) 
has been used as a substitute for cinchona bark. 
The bark and seeds yield the glucoside sapotin. The 
sap yields chicle-gum. 

achreocythemia (ah-kre-o-si-the' -me-ah) [axpoios, 
colorless; kvtos, cell; alp.a, blood]. Lack of coloring 
matter in the blood. 

achroa, achroia (ah-kro'-ah, ah-kroi'-ah). Same as 
achroma, q. v. 

achroacyte (ah-kro' -as-it) [dxpoios, colorless; kvtos, 
cell]. A colorless cell, or lymphocyte. 

achroacytosis (ah-kro-ah-si-to'-sis) [axpoios, color- 
less; kvtos, cell]. Abnormal development of lymph- 
cells. 

achroiqcythemia (ah-kroi-o-si-the'-me-ah) , or achroe- 
ocythaemia (ah-kre-o-si-the' -me-ah) [axpoios, colorless; 
kvtos, cell; olp,a blood]. A deficiency of hemoglobin 
in the red corpuscles; also, the diseased state that is 
associated with such deficiency. 

achroiocytosis (ah-kroi-o-si-to'-sis). Same as 
achroacytosis. 

achroma (ah-kro' -mah) [d, priv.; xp«mo. color]. 
Absence of color; albinism. Syn., achromasia; 
achromatia; achromatosis ; achromodermia; vitiligo. 
a., congenital, see albinism, a. cutis, see leukoderma. 

achromacyte (ah-kro' '-mas-it) [d, priv.; xp«pa. color; 
kvtos, cell]. A degenerated, decolorized erythrocyte; 
a "phantom" or shadow corpuscle. Syn., Ponfick's 
shadow corpuscle; Bizzozero's blood-platelet; Hayem's 
corpuscle or hematoblast. 

achromasia (ah-kro-ma'-ze-ah) [&, priv.; xp&pa. 
color]. (1) An absence of color in the body; cachec- 
tic pallor. (2) Loss of stain from a cell, a phe- 



nomenon occurring in the in vitro method of staining 
living cell. See achroma. 

achromatia (ah-kro-ma'-she-ah). See achroma. 

achromatic (ah-kro-mat'-ik) [d, priv.; xp&A"*. color]. 
1. Without color. 2. Colorblind. 3. Relating to 
achromatin. a. lens, one the dispersing power of 
which is exactly neutralized by another lens with 
the same curvature, but having a different refrac- 
tive index, a. spindle, see nuclear spindle. 

achromatin (ah-kro' -mat-in) [d, priv.; xp"M«» color]. 
The groundwork of the nucleus of a cell; it is so 
called because it is not readily stained by coloring 
agents. 

achromatism (ah-kro' -mat-izm) [d, priv.; xp&na-, 
color]. 1. Absence of chromatic aberration. 2. Ab- 
sence of color. 

achromatophil (ah-kro-mat'-o-fil) [d, priv.; xp«a»*. 
color; 4>Chtlv, to love]. 1. Showing no affinity for 
stains. 2. A microbe or histologic element which 
does not stain readily. 

achromatophilia (ah-kro-mat-o-fil'-e-ah) [achro- 
matophil]. The condition of being refractory to 
staining. 

achromatopsia (ah-kro-mat-op'-se-ah) [d, priv.; 
xpu>p.a, color; bxj/is, sight]. Color-blindness; dalton- 
ism, a., partial, a form in which only one pair of 
colors, which to the normal eye are complementary, 
appear gray or white, a., total, that in which all 
the colors appear as white or gray. 

achromatosis (ah-kro-mat-o'-sis) [d, priv.; xp&M-a-, 
color]. Any disease characterized by deficiency of 
pigmentation in the integumentary tissues. 

achromatous (ah-kro' -mat-us) [&, priv.; xpwm<*. 
color]. Deficient in color. 

achromaturia (ah-kro-ma-tu'-re-ah) [a, priv.; xp«pa> 
color; ovpop, urine]. A colorless state of the urine. 

achromia (ah-kro' -me-ah). See achroma. 

achromodermia (ah-kro-mo-der' -me-ah) [d, priv.; 
XP&p-a, color; Sepp.0., skin]. An albino tic or colorless 
state of the skin. 

achromophilous (ah-kro-mof -il-us) [d, priv.; xpw/xa. 
color; <t>i\eip, to love]. Not readily stained; not 
chromophilous. 

achromotrichia (ah-kro-mo-trik'-e-ah) [d, priv.; 
XP«pa. color; 0pi'£, hair]. Absence of pigment from 
the hair. 

achromous (ah-kro' -mus) [&, priv.; xp^mo. color]. 
Pale, colorless; having no color. 

achronizoic (ah-kron-e-zo'-ik) [d, priv.; xpovi$eiv, 
to hold out]. A term applied to drugs which are 
incapable of remaining unchanged for any length of 
time. 

achronychous (ak-ron'-ik-us). See acronychous. 

achroodextrin (ah-kro-o-deks'-trin) [axpoos, color- 
less; dexter, right]. A reducing dextrin formed by 
the action of the diastatic ferment of saliva upon 
starch. It is a modification of dextrin and may be 
precipitated by alcohol; it is not converted into sugar 
by ptyalin, nor colored by iodine. 

achylia (ah-ki'-le-ah) [a, priv.; xv^os, juice]. Ab- 
sence of chyle. Syn., achylosis. a. gastrica, Ein- 
horn's term for a condition of the stomach marked 
by destruction of the glandular structures with 
resulting absence of chyme ferment, and even mucus ; 
called anadenia gastrica by Ewald. 

achylosis (ah-ki-lo'-sis) [d, priv.; xv^6s, juice]. 
Deficient chylification. See achylia. 

achylous (ah-ki'-lus) [see achylia]. Deficient in 
chyle or in one of the digestive juices. 

achymia, achymosis (ah-kV -me-ah, ah-ki-mo' -sis) 
[d, priv.; x^MoSi chyme]. Deficient formation of 
chyme. 

achymous (ah-ki'-mus). Deficient in chyme. 

acicular (as-ik'-u-lar) [acus, a needle]. Needle- 
like. 

acid, acidum (as'-id, -um) [acere, to be sour]. 
1. A name applied to any substance having a sour 
taste. 2. A compound of an electronegative element 
with one or more atoms of hydrogen which can be 
replaced by electropositive atoms, when a salt is 
formed. The majority of acids contain oxygen, 
and are known as oxy acids; those not containing 
oxygen are termed hydrogen acids or hydracids. 
Acids vary in their terminations according to the 
quantity of oxygen or other electronegative consti- 
tuent. Those having the maximum of oxygen end 
in -ic; those of a lower degree, in -ous. When there 
are more than two combinations, the prefix per- is 
joined to the highest, and hypo- to the lowest. 
Acids that end in -ic, as sulphuric acid, form salts 



ACID 



12 



ACID 



terminating in -ate; those ending in -ous form salts 
terminating in -ite. a., abietic, abietinic, see abietic. 
a., abric, O2H24N3O, a crystallizable acid, said to 
exist in jequirity. a., absinthic, an acid obtained 
from wormwood; said to be identical with succinic 
acid, a., acetic, an acid solution composed of 36 
parts of absolute acetic acid, C2H4O2, and 64 parts 
of water. It has strongly acid properties, a., acetic, 
dilute, contains 6 % of absolute acid. Dose 1-2 dr. 
(4-8 Cc). An impure form, obtained by the de- 
structive distillation of wood, is known as wood- 
vinegar, or pyroligneous acid, a., acetic, glacial, 
the absolute acid occurring in crystals melting at 
22.5° C. It is an escharotic. a., acetoacetic, same as 
a., diacetic. a., achilleic, same as a., aconitic. a., 
aconitic, CeHeOe, occurs in different plants, as 
Aconitum napellus, sugar-cane, and beet-root. It 
crystallizes in small plates that dissolve readily in 
alcohol, ether, and water, and melt at i86°-i87°. 
a., acrylic. 1. CH 2 = CH . CO . OH =C 3 H40 2 . A 
monobasic acid which may be considered as the 
oxide of acrolein, a colorless liquid. 2. A general 
term for organic acids of the group CnH2n— 2O2, com- 
prising two groups, the normal acrylic and the 
isoacrylic acids. Normal acrylic acids occur in 
vegetable or animal organisms or are derived from 
natural products. Isoacrylic acids are formed 
synthetically by the abstraction 6f the elements of 
water from certain acid ethers, which in turn are 
derived from oxalic acid by substituting 2 molecules 
of an alcohol radical of the series CnHm+i for an atom 
of hydrogen, a., adipic, C6H10O4, obtained by 
oxidizing fats with nitric acid. It crystallizes in 
shining leaflets or prisms; is soluble in 13 parts of 
cold water; melts at 148 . It is dibasic, a., agaric, 
a., agaricic, C16H30 . O5+H2O, a resin acid obtained 
from the fungus Polyporus officinalis, growing on 
larch trees. The acid has been recommended for 
checking night-sweats. It also checks the other 
excretions and diminishes thirst. It is mildly cathar- 

QTT 

tic. a.s, alcohol, CnH2n<QQjj, monobasic acids 

having the properties of the monohydric alcohols. 
They are distinguished as primary, secondary, and 
tertiary, according as they contain, in addition to 
the carboxyl group, the group — CH2OH, the radical 
= CHOH, or the group =C . OH. Syn., oxyacids; 
hydroxy-fatty acids. Cf. c, glycollic. a.s, aldehyde, 
bodies which combine the properties of a carboxylic 
acid and of an aldehyde, a., aldepalmitic, Ci6H3oO,2 
the chief component of the butter of the cow. a., 
alginic, an organic substance from algae that com- 
bines with bases to form soluble and insoluble com- 
pounds, a., aliphatic, same as a., fatty, a., allan- 
turic, C7H10N6O6, from allantoin, by the action of 
dilute nitric acid, a., alloxanic, C4H2N2O4, a crystal- 
line acid obtained by treating alloxan with alkalies. 
a., alloxypro'teic, a neutral sulphur compound found 
in the urine, a., amidoacetic, see glycin. a., ami- 
dobenzoic, C7H7NO2, occasionally found in the 
urine, a., amidosuccinamic, same as asparagin. 
a. s., amino, a large group of nitrogen-holding 
substances derived from the decomposition of pro- 
teins, a., aminoacetic, same as glycocoll, q. v. 
a., anacardic, C22H32O3, a tetratomic acid obtained 
by Stadler from the cashew-nut. It is used as an 
anthelmintic in the form of ammonium anacardate. 
a., angelic, C5H8O2, a crystalline monobasic acid. 
It exists free along with valeric and acetic acids in 
the roots of Angelica archangelica, and as butyl and 
amyl esters in Roman oil of cumin. It crystallizes 
in shining prisms, melts at 45°, and boils at 185°. 
It has a peculiar odor and taste, a., anisic, CsIIsOs, 
obtained by oxidizing anisol and anethol with HNO3, 
and from aniseed by the action of oxidizing sub- 
stances. It is antiseptic and antipyretic, and is 
used in the treatment of wounds and acute articular 
rheumatism. Dose of the sodium salt 15 gr. (1 Gra.). 
Syn., methylparaoxybenzoic acid, a., anisuric, C10H11- 
NO2, an acid formed by the action of anisyl chloride 
on the silver compound of glycocoll; it also occurs in 
the urine after the ingestion of anise, a., anticyclic, a 
white fragrant powder with pleasant, acid taste, 
readily soluble in water, alcohol, and glycerol; it is 
used as an antipyretic. Dose T £ w gr. (0.0006 Gra.). 
a., antirrhinic, an acid from the leaves of digitalis. 
a., apiolic, decomposition product of apiol. a., 
apocrenic, Berzelius' term for a brown, amorphous 
substance obtained from the sediment of chalybeate 
waters, a., arabic, see arabin. a., arachic, a., 



arachidic, a., arachinic, C2oH4o02=CwH39 . COOH, 
a monobasic fatty acid obtained from oil of peanut, 
Arachis hypogcea. a., argentic, silver monoxide. 
a., aromatic, a name applied to certain organic acids 
occurring in the balsams, resins, and other odorif- 
erous principles. Also, in pharmacy, a dilute 
mineral acid reinforced by aromatic substances in 
order to modify its flavor, a., arsenic, a., arsenous, 
see arsenic trioxide. a., arsinic, any one of a class 
of acids formed by the oxidation of arsins or arsonium 
compounds, a., aseptic, an antiseptic solution con- 
sisting of an aqueous solution of 5 Gm. of boric 
acid in 1000 Gm. of hydrogen dioxide (1.5%); 
3 Gm. of salicylic acid may be added, a., asparagic, 
a., asparaginic, a., asparamic, same as c, aspartic. 
a., aspartic, C4H7NO4, occurs in the vinasse obtained 
from the beet-root, and is procured from albuminous 
bodies in various reactions. It is prepared by 
boiling asparagin with alkalies and acids; crystallizes 
in rhombic dibasic prisms or leaflets, and dissolves 
with difficulty in water, a., aspartic, inactive, 
NH 2 C2H3(C02H)2, formed by heating aspartic acid 
with water or with alcoholic ammonia to I40°-I50° 
C, or with HC1 to I70°-i8o° C. Syn., asparacemic 
acid, a., atrolactic, C9H10O3, a monobasic acid 
obtained from acetophenone by means of prussic 
acid and H2SO4 or dilute HC1. a., auric, Au(OH) 3 , 
gold trihydroxide. a., azelaic, a., azelainic, C9H16O4, 
an oxidation-product of oleic acid, Chinese wax, 
castor oil, or cocoanut oil; soluble in water, alcohol, 
and ether, melts at io6°-i07° C, and boils at 360 C. 
Syn., anchoic acid; lepargylic acid; azelic acid; 
azeloinic acid, a., azotic, nitric acid, a., benzamic, 
see a., amidobenzoic. a., benzoic, C7H602, occurs free 
in some resins, chiefly in gum benzoin and in coal- 
tar. It crystallizes in white, shining needles or leaf- 
lets, melts at 120 , and distils at 250°. It volatilizes 
readily, its vapor possessing a peculiar odor, a., 
blattic, see antihydropin. a., boric, a., boracic, see 
boron, a. of borax, orthoboric acid, a., borocitric, 
a combination of boric and citric acid forming a white 
powder which is used as a solvent for urates and 
phosphates in urinary calculi, gout, etc. Dose 
S-20 gr. (0.3-1.3 Gm.). a., borophenylic, C6H7BO2, 
obtained by the action of phosphorus oxychloride 
upon a mixture of boric acid and phenol. It is an 
antiseptic white powder with a mild aromatic taste, 
not easily soluble in water, melting at 204 C. It is 
fatal to lower forms of life, but does not affect the 
higher forms. Syn., phenylboric acid, a., borasali- 
cylic, B(OH)(OCeH4 . CO2HK a combination of boric 
and salicylic acids in molecular proportion. It is 
used externally instead of salicylic acid, a., brom-, 
one in which bromine has replaced one or more atoms 
of hydrogen in the acid radical, a., bromacetic, see 
a., monobromacetic. a., bromhydric, hydrobromic 
acid, a., bromic, HBrOs, a colorless, acid liquid. 
a., bursic, a., bursinic, a yellow, hygroscopic mass 
obtained from an aqueous extract of Capsella bursa- 
pastoris by the action of lead acetate and ammonia 
and evaporating. Its aqueous solution is used in the 
same manner as ergotin, hypodermatically and also 
internally, a., butic, a., butinic, see a., arachic. 
a., butyric, C4H8O2, an acid having a viscid appearance 
and rancid smell. It is obtained commercially by 
the fermentation of a mixture of sugar and butter or 
cheese in the presence of an alkaline carbonate, 
but occurs in various plants, in codliver oil, in the 
juice of meats, and in the perspiration. Combined 
with glycerol as glyceryl butyrate, it is essentially 
butter, a., cacodylic, see c, dimethylarsenic. a., 
caffeic, C9H8O4, obtained when the tannin of coffee 
is boiled with potassium hydroxide, a., cahincic or 
caincic, see cahincin. a., camphoric, C10H16O4, a 
dibasic acid, obtained by boiling camphor with 
HNO3; it crystallizes from hot water in colorless 
leaflets; melts at 178 , and decomposes into water 
and its anhydride, CsHi4(CO)20. It is used in night- 
sweats of phthisis. Dose 10-30 gr. (0.65-2.0 Gm.). 
a., capric or caprinic, C9H19CO.OH, occurs in small 
quantity as a glycerid in cow's butter. It crystallizes 
in fine needles, melting at 30 C, and is very insoluble 
in boiling water, a., caproic, C6H12O2, the sixth in 
the series of fatty acids; a clear, mobile oil, colorless, 
inflammable, and with a very acid and penetrating 
taste, a., caprylic or caprillic, C7H15CO . OH, an 
acid combined with glycerol, forming a glycerid 
existing in various animal fats ; it is liquid at ordinary 
temperatures, a., carbamic, H2N . CO . OH, car- 
bonic acid in which NH2 replaces OH ; it is not known 



ACID 



13 



ACID 



in the free state; its ammonium salt is contained 
in commercial ammonium carbonate. The esters of 
carbamic acid are called urethanes. a., car baz otic, 
see a., picric, a., carbolic, C6H5OH, phenol, — the 
official designation of this substance, — is procured 
from coal-tar by fractional distillation. It has a 
very peculiar and characteristic odor, a burning taste, 
is poisonous, and has antiseptic properties. The 
sp. gr. at the melting-point is 1. 060-1. 066; it crystal- 
lizes in colorless rhombic needles that melt at about 
40° C, boiling at about 180 , and it is not decom- 
posed upon distillation. At ordinary temperatures it 
dissolves in water with difficulty (1 : 19.6 at 25 C), 
but is soluble in alcohol, ether, glacial acetic acid, 
and glycerol in all proportions. It unites with bases 
to form salts, known as carbolates. Upon exposure to 
light and air it deliquesces and acquires a pinkish 
color. It is used in the manufacture of many of the 
artificial coloring-matters, e. g., picric acid. It is a 
powerful antiseptic and germicide. Internally it is 
useful in vomiting, fermentation in the stomach, and 
as an intestinal antiseptic; locally, as a caustic. 
Dose, internally, §-2 gr. (0.03-0.13 Gm.). a., car- 
bolic, camphorated, a mixture of phenol 1 part and 
camphor 3 parts, a., carbolic, chlorinated, see 
trichlor phenol, a., carbolic, iodized, a solution of 20 
parts of iodine in 76 parts of phenol with the addition 
of 4 parts of glycerol. It is used as an antiseptic and 
escharotic. a. carbolic, liquefactum (B. P.). Dose 
1-2 min. (0.06-0.13 Cc). a., carbolsulphuric, a 
mixture of equal parts of phenol and concentrated 
sulphuric acid. It is used as a disinfectant in 2 to 
3 % solution, a., carbonaceous, see carbon dioxide. 
a., carbonaphtholic, see a., oxynaphthoic. a., car- 
bonic, CO2, carbon dioxide; an ultimate product of 
the combustion of carbon compounds; a colorless, 
odorless gas, heavier than air, incapable of sustaining 
respiration, a., carminic, Ci-HisOio, a coloring- 
matter found in the buds of certain plants, and 
especially in cochineal, an insect inhabiting different 
varieties of cactus. It is an amorphous, purple-red 
mass, readily soluble in water and alcohol, and yields 
red salts with the alkalis, a., carthamic, see car- 
thamin. a., caseic, lactic acid (q. v.). a., cate- 
chinic, or catechuic, same as catechin. a., cathartic, 
a., cathartinic, an active principle from several 
species of cassia, a., cerebric, or cerebrinic, C59H113- 
NO3, from brain tissue, a., cerotic, or cerotinic, 
C27H34O2, a fatty acid existing in beeswax and in 
Chinese wax. a.-characteristic, the replaceable 
hydrogen and the elements immediately bound to it 
in the molecule of an acid, as the CO . OH of organic 
acids, a., chloracetic [chlorine and acetic], an acid, 
called also monochlor acetic acid produced by the 
substitution of chlorine for the hydrogen of the 
radical in acetic acid. It is sometimes used as a 
caustic, a., chloric, HCIO3, an acid known only 
in its compounds (chlorates) and its aqueous solution. 
a., cholalic, see a., cholic. a., choleic, C24H40O4, from 
ox-bile, a., cholesteric, C12H10O7, an acid obtained 
by Tappeiner from the oxidation of cholic acid with 
potassium dichromate and sulphuric acid. This 
must not be confounded with cholesterinic acid. 
a., cholesterinic, CsHioOs, a dibasic acid obtained 
from cholesterin and from cholic acid by action of 
nitric acid; it occurs as a gum-like, yellow, hygro- 
scopic body with an acrid taste, a., cholic, a., 
cholalic, C24H42O5, from glycocholic and taurocholic 
acids; it crystallizes from out of a hot solution in 
small anhydrous prisms, sparingly soluble in water, 
and melting at 195 °. a., choloidic, derived from 
cholalic acid, a., chondroitic, C1SH27SNO17, from 
cartilage, a., chromic (chromii trioxidum, U. S. P.), 
strictly, the compound H2Cr04; it forms salts called 
chromates. It is a crystalline solid; escharotic. 
a., chrysophanic, C15H10O4, exists in the lichen, 
Parmelia parietina, in senna leaves, and in the 
rhubarb root. It crystallizes in golden-yellow 
needles or prisms, melting at 162 °. Syn., rheinic 
acid. See chrysarobin. a., cinchotannic, see cincho- 
tannin. a., cinnamic, a., cinnamylic, C9H8O2, occurs 
in peru and tolu balsams, in storax, and in some 
benzoin resins. It has been used in tuberculosis, 
both internally and externally. Dose 1-10 min. 
(0.06-0.65 Cc.) hypodermatically. a., citric, CsHsO-, 
occurs free in lemons, black currants, bilberries, 
beets, and in various other acid fruits. It crystallizes 
with one molecule of water in large rhombic prisms 
that melt at ioo°, are colorless, inodorous, and ex- 
tremely sharp in taste. It is refrigerant, antiseptic, 



and diuretic, a., colopholic, a., colophonic, an acid 
obtained from turpentine; it is used in plasters. 
a., copahuvic, a., copaivic, C20H30O2, an almost 
colorless, coarsely crystalline powder, obtained from 
copaiba; it is soluble in alcohol, ether, and benzene. 
Sometimes written copaibic A. a., cresolsulphuric, 
C7H7O . SO2 . OH, exists in the urine in small traces. 
a., cresotic, a., cresotinic, C8H&O3, an aromatic 
acid of which 3 isomeric compounds may be 
formed by the action of sodium and carbonic 
anhydride on the 3 modifications of cresol. They 
all occur in acicular crystals. The para compound, 
melting at 151° C. is used as an antipyretic in the 
form of sodium cresolate. Dose 2-20 gr. (0.13-1.3 
Gm.); maximum dose 60 gr. (4 Gm.). Syn., oxy- 
toluic acid; homosalicylic acid, a., cresylic, see 
cresol. a., cryptophanic, C10H18N2O10, said to exist 
in small quantities in human urine, a., cubebic, 
Ci3Hh07(?), a white, waxy mass, turning brown on 
exposure, obtained from cubeb berries, the unripe 
fruit of Piper cubeba, soluble in alcohol, ether, and 
alkaline solutions, and used as a diuretic. Dose 
5-10 gr. (0.3-0.6 Gm.) in pills several times daily. 
a., cumic, C10H12O2, produced by the oxidation of 
cuminic alcohol with dilute HNO3. Very soluble in 
water and alcohol; crystallizes in colorless needles or 
leaflets; melts at 116 and boils at about 290 . 
a., cyanic, CONH, obtained by heating polymeric 
cyanuric acid, a., cyanuric, see a., tricyanic. a., 
cynureinic, C20H14N2O6, decomposition product of 
proteids found in dogs' urine, a., damaluric, C7H12O2, 
found in urine, a., dextrotartaric, tartaric acid. 
a., diacetic, C4H6O3, an acid present in the urine in 
certain stages of diabetes and other diseased con- 
ditions, a., dichloracetic, CHCI2 . CO2H, produced 
when hydrated chloral is heated with CNK or 
potassium ferrocyanide and water. At ordinary 
temperature it occurs as a caustic, colorless liquid, 
but crystallizes at a low temperature. Sp. gr., 
1.522 at 15 C; boils at i89°-i9i° C; soluble in 
water and alcohol. It is used as an escharotic in 
skin diseases, a., diiodosalicylic, C7H4I2O3, a white, 
crystalline powder, soluble in alcohol and ether, 
slightly soluble in water, and melting at 220°-230° C. 
It is antipyretic,, analgesic, and antiseptic, and is 
used in rheumatism and gout. Dose 8-20 gr. (0.5- 
1.3 Gm.) 3 or 4 times daily in wafers; maximum dose 
30 gr. (2 Gm.). a., dimethylarsenic, As(CH3)200H, 
a substance formed by the oxidation of cacodyl, 
occurring in large, permanent prisms, odorless and 
slightly sour. It is soluble in water and alcohol 
and melts at 200 C. It is considered not to be 
toxic, and because of its solubility is easily absorbed. 
Syn., cacodylic acid, a., dithiochlorsalicylic, SCeH .- 
CI . OH . COOH, a reddish-yellow powder obtained 
by heating a mixture of salicylic acid and sulphur 
chloride to 140 C. It is recommended as an anti- 
septic, a., dithiosalicylic, C14H10S2O6, obtained from 
salicylic acid and sulphur chloride heated to 150 C, 
and existing in two modifications differing in the 
solubility of their salts. It is an antiseptic, analgesic, 
antipyretic, yellowish-gray powder, partly soluble 
in water. Its lithium and sodium salts only are used 
in medicine as substitutes for salicylic acid, a., 
doeglic, C19H36O2, a crystalline monobasic acid 
obtained from the oil of the doegling, or bottle-nosed 
whale, a., dracic, a., draconic, a., draconylic, see 
a., anisic, a., ethylenelactic, CH2 (OH) . CH2 . - 
C02H=C3H603, an acid isomeric with ethidene 
lactic acid or the lactic acid of fermentation; is 
obtained from acrylic acid by heating with aqueous 
sodium hydroxide to ioo° C. and in various other 
ways. It is a thick, uncrystallizable syrup; on 
heating it loses water and is converted into acrylic 
acid. Syn., hydracrylic acid; fi-oxypropionic acid; 
P-hydroxypropionic acid, a., ethylenephenylhydra- 
zinsuccinic, C20H22N4O6, an acid obtained from an 
alcoholic solution of ethylenephenylhydrazin and 
succinic anhydride by boiling. It occurs in acicular 
crystals, soluble in water. It is used as an anti- 
pyretic, a., ethylidenelactic, lactic acid, a., ex- 
cretolic, fatty acid from feces, a., fatty, a monobasic 
acid formed by the oxidation of a primary alcohol. 
The fatty acids have a general formula of CnH2n02. 
Syn., aliphatic acid, a., fellic, C23H40O4, a crystalline 
cholic acid obtained by Schotten from human bile; 
it is due to admixture with this acid that cholic acid 
from human bile differs in appearance from that 
obtained from other sources, a., filicic, ChHisOo, 
from rhizome of Dryopteris filix-mas. a., fluoric, 



ACID 



14 



ACID 



hydrofluoric acid in aqueous solution; a strong 
escharotic. a., formic, CH2O2, an acid obtained 
from a fluid emitted by ants when irritated; it is 
also found in stinging nettles, in shoots of the pine, 
and in various animal secretions. It is prepared by 
heating oxalic acid and glycerol. It is a colorless, 
mobile fluid, with a pungent odor; it is a vesicant. 
a., gallic, C7H6O6, occurs free in nutgalls, in tea, and 
in the fruit of various other plants. It is obtained 
from ordinary tannic acid by boiling it with dilute 
acids. It crystallizes in fine, silky needles containing 
one molecule of water. It dissolves slowly in water 
and readily in alcohol and ether; has a faintly acid, 
astringent taste; melts at near 220 . It is astringent 
and disinfectant; useful in night-sweats, diabetes, 
and chronic diarrhea, a., gallotannic, the tannin of 
nut-galls, a., gaultheric, see methyl salicylate. 
a., gentianic, gentisin, q. v. a., gluconic, C6H12O7, 
formed by the oxidation of dextrose, cane-sugar, 
dextrin, starch, and maltose with chlorine or bromine 
water. Most readily obtained from glucose. It is 
dextrorotatory, but does not reduce Fehling's solu- 
tion. Melts at 200 . a., glutamic, a., glutaminic, 
C5H9NO4, decomposition product of proteids. a., 
glutaric, C5H8O4, found in decomposing pus. a., 
glycerinophosphoric, a., glycerinphosphoric, C3H9PO6, 
a dibasic acid in combination with the fatty acids 
and cholin as lecithin in the yolk of eggs, in bile, in 
the brain, and in the nervous tissue. It is formed 
by mixing glycerol with metaphosphoric acid. It is 
a pale yellow, oily liquid, without odor, having a 
sour taste; soluble in water and alcohol; is used in 
the treatment of neurasthenia, tabes, etc. Dose 
1 1-S gr. (0.1-0.3 Gm.) 3 times daily, a., glycerin- 
sulphuric, C3H8SO6, a monobasic body forming a 
series of salts called glycerosulphates. Syn., sulpho- 
glyceric acid, a., glycerophosphoric, a decomposition 
product of lecithin, a., glycerosulphuric, see a., 
glycerinsulphuric. a., glycocholic, C26H43NO6, a 
monobasic acid found in bile; sparingly soluble in 
water t and crystallizing in minute needles, a., 
glycollic, C2H4O3, oxy acetic acid, produced by the 
action of nascent hydrogen upon oxalic acid. It is a 
thick syrup that gradually crystallizes on standing 
over sulphuric acid; the crystals melt at 8^° and 
deliquesce in the air. It dissolves readily in alcohol, 
water, or ether, a., glycosuric, an acid sometimes 
occurring in urine, a., glycuronic, CeHioO. This 
acid has been found in urine; it probably does not 
exist there normally, but appears after taking certain 
drugs, as benzol, indol, nitrobenzol, and the quinine 
derivatives, a., guaiacolcarbonic, a., guaiacolcar- 
boxylic, C8H8O4, a monobasic crystalline acid, melting 
at 150° C. It is antiseptic and antipyretic, a., 
gummic, see arabin. a., gymnemic, C32H55O12, a 
greenish-white, amorphous powder with a harsh 
acid taste, soluble in alcohol and chloroform and 
slightly soluble in water and ether. It is obtained 
from the leaves of Gymnema sylvestre, and obtunds 
the taste for bitter or sweet things, but not for sour, 
pungent, or astringent ones. It is used as a mouth- 
wash in 12 % hydroalcoholic solution before taking 
nauseous medicines, a., helvellaic, an acid which 
destroys red blood-corpuscles, obtained by Bohm 
from juice of the mushrooms belonging to the genus 
Helvella. sl., helvellic, C12H20O7, an acid obtained 
from fresh belladonna, occurring as a yellow, trans- 
parent, syrupy liquid of strong acid reaction, a., 
hippuric, C9H9NO3, occurs in considerable amount 
in the urine of herbivorous animals, sometimes in 
that of man. It crystallizes in rhombic prisms, and 
dissolves readily in hot water and alcohol. Syn., 
benzoyl glycocoll. a., homogentisic, CsHsO^, same as 
a., oxymandel, an acid separated by Baumann from 
highly-colored urine, believed to be formed by the 
action of bacteria on the tyrosin normally found in 
pancreatic digestion, a., hydra-, see hydrogen acids 
under acid, a., hydracrylic, C3H6O3, an acid isomeric 
with lactic acid. See a., eihylenelactic. a., hydriodic, 
HI, a gaseous acid. Its solution (acidum hydri- 
odicum dilutum, U. S. P.) and a syrup prepared from 
it, syrupus acidi hydriodici (U. S. P.), are used as 
alteratives, with the general effects of iodine. Dose 
of the syrup 1-4 dr. (4-16 Cc). a., hydriodic, dilute, 
a 10 % solution of hydriodic acid in 90 % of water; 
an alterative of especial value in scrofulosis of 
children, a., hydrobromic, HBr; the dilute acid, 
which is the chief form used, consists of 10 parts 
acid and 90 parts water. It is a solvent for quinine, 
is useful in hysteria, congestive headaches, and 



neuralgia, and is recommended as a substitute for 
potassium and sodium bromides. Dose 20 min.- 
2 dr. (1.3-8.0 Cc). a., hydrochloric, HC1, a liquid 
consisting of 31 -9 % by weight of HC1 gas in 68.1 % 
of water. It is colorless, pungent and intensely acid. 
Syn., muriatic acid, a., hydrochloric, dilute, a 10 % 
solution of absolute acid in water. Valuable as an 
aid to digestion. Dose 3-10 min. (0.19-0.65 Cc). 
a., hydrocyanic, aqueous, the hydrocyanic acid 
obtained by distillation, which contains a certain 
percentage of water before removal by fractional 
distillation and desiccation, a., hydrocyanic, dilute, 
HCN, a liquid consisting of 2 % of the acid with 
98 % of water and alcohol. It possesses an odor like 
that of bitter almonds. Prussic acid is found in 
the bitter almond, the leaves of the peach, and in the 
cherry-laurel, from the leaves of which it is distilled. 
It is one of the most active poisons known, death 
from complete asphyxia being almost instantaneous. 
It is valuable for its sedative effects in vomiting, 
whooping-cough, and spasmodic affections. Dose 
1-3 min. (0.06-0.2 Cc). Syn., prussic acid, a., 
hydrocyanic, vapor, 1 part of dilute acid in 4-6 parts 
of water, warmed, and the vapor inhaled to relieve 
irritable coughs, a., hydrofluoric, HF, a compound 
of hydrogen and fluorine; powerfully corrosive, used 
for etching on glass, a., hydroparacumaric, C9H10O3, 
occurs in urine in minute quantities, a., hydro- 
sulphuric, H2S, a gas formed during the putrefaction 
of albuminous substances ; it occurs in sulphur mineral 
waters, and is produced by the action of mineral acids 
on metallic sulphides. It has the odor of rotten 
eggs. Syn., hydrogen sulphide; sulphureted hydrogen; 
sulphhydric acid, a., hypochlorous, HCIO, an 
unstable compound, important as a disinfecting and 
bleaching agent, a., hypogeic, a., hypogaeic, C18H30O2, 
a monobasic acid found in peanut (Arachis hypogcea) 
oil, occurring as fine, colorless, stellate groups of 
needles which melt at 33 C. and solidify again at 
28°-30° C; soluble in alcohol and ether; insoluble 
in water, a., hyponitrous, HNO, forms hyponitrites. 
a., hypophosphorous, H3PO2; its salts (hypophos- 
phites), also the dilute acid, and a syrup prepared 
from it, are used as remedial agents, a., ichthyol- 
sul phonic, C28H28S3O6, an acid produced from Tyro- 
lean bituminous mineral by the action of sulphuric 
acid; it is strongly acid and contains about 16.4 % 
of sulphur. It is antiphlogistic and astringent, and 
is used in the form of its salts, chiefly "ichthyol," 
the ammonium salt, a., igasuric, from seeds and 
surrounding pulp of nux vomica, a., indigosulphuric, 
C16H10S2N2O8, from indigo by the action of sulphuric 
acid, a., indoxylsulphonic, C8H7NSO4, found in 
urine, a., indoxylsulphuric, an acid that, combined 
with potassium, occurs in the urine as indican. 
a., inorganic, a mineral acid or one in which the 
carboxyl group CO . OH is absent, a., inosic, a., 
inosinic, C10H14N4O11, found in muscle tissue, a., 
iodic, HIO3, a monobasic acid. Its solution (2 %) 
has been recommended as an alterative by sub- 
cutaneous injection, a., iodosobenzoic, CsH4 . 01 .- 
COOH2, a compound analogous in action to iodo- 
form, a., isobutylcarbonic, a., isobutylcarboxyHc, 
see a., valeric, normal, a., isobutylformic, a., iso- 
propylacetic, see a., isovaleric, a., isovaleric, (CH3)2 .- 
CH . CH2 . CO2H, an isomer of valeric acid, obtained 
from oil of valerian or from oxidation of amyl-alcohol ; 
occurs as a transparent, colorless, oily liquid with odor 
of valerian and old cheese; melts at 51 ° C; boils at 
174 C. Sp. gr., 0.9470 at o° C. Used in nervous 
affections. Maximum dose 10 drops; a day, 40 
drops. Syn., monohydrated valeric acid; valeric 
acid; primary pentoic acid; isobutyl carboxyl; iso- 
propylacetic acid, a., jecoleic, an acid forming one 
of the essential constituents of cod-liver oil and 
isomeric with doeglic acid, a., kombic, a compound 
obtained by Fraser in the lead precipitate from an 
aqueous solution of alcoholic extract of strophanthin. 
It is freely soluble in water and of strongly acid 
reaction, a., kynureic, see a., cynureic. a., lactic, 
HC3H5O3, a liquid containing 75 % of absolute acid 
in 25 % of water, produced in the fermentation of 
milk. It is useful in aiding digestion, in diabetes, in 
tuberculosis of the larynx, and as a solvent of false 
membrane in diphtheria. Dose f dr.-| oz. (2-16 
Cc.) in the 24 hours, a., lactic, diluted (B. P.), 
lactic acid, 3 oz., distilled water, sufficient to make 
one pint. Dose §-2 dr. (2-8 Cc). a., lactolactic, 
a., lactylolactic, C6H10O5, a monobasic acid obtained 
from a solution of lactic acid heated to 130 to 



ACID 



15 



ACID 



140 C. Syn., lactyl lactate; lactic anhydride; lactyl 
anhydride, a., lanoceric, C30H60O4, an acid resulting 
from the saponification of lanolin; it melts at 104 C. 
a., lanopalmitic, C16H32O3, resulting from the saponi- 
fication of lanolin. It melts at 87 °. a., leucamic, 
see leucin. a., levulinic, CeHgOs, obtained from 
levulose, cellulose, cane-sugar, etc.; a very hygro- 
scopic crystalline substance, soluble in water, ether, 
or alcohol, and melting at 33-5° C. a., linoleic, 
C16H28O2, occurs as a glycerid in drying oils, such as 
linseed oil, hemp oil, poppy oil, and nut oil. a., 
lupamaric, the bitter acid of hops, a., lysuric, 
C6Hi2(COC6H5)2N202, a substance obtained by 
Drechsel from lysin by action of benzoyl chloride. 
a., maleic, a., maleinic, C4H4O4, obtained from malic 
acid by distillation; it occurs in prisms, soluble in 
water, alcohol, and ether, melting at 130 ° C, boiling 
at 160° C. a., malic, C4H6O5, a bibasic acid, occurring 
free or in the form of salts in many plant-juices, in 
unripe apples, in grapes, and in mountain-ash 
berries. It forms deliquescent crystals that dissolve 
readily in alcohol, slightly in ether, and melt at ioo°; 
it has a pleasant acid taste, a., malonic, C3H4O4, 
occurs in the deposit found in the vacuum pans 
employed in beet-sugar manufacture; it may be 
obtained by the oxidation of malic acid with chro- 
mium trioxide. a., mandelic, CeHs . CH(OH) . CO2- 
H, formed from benzaldehyd by the action of prussic 
acid and HC1. a., mannitic, C6H12O7, from sugars 
by oxidation, a., margaric, a., margarinic, C11H34O2, 
a monobasic acid existing in nearly all animal fats 
and occurring as a solid substance melting at about 
6o° C. It is believed by some to be a mere mixture 
of palmitic and stearic acids, a., marine, hydro- 
chloric acid, a., meconic, C7H4O7, a tribasic acid, 
occurring in opium in union with morphine. It 
crystallizes with 3H2O in white laminae, a., mephi- 
tic, carbon dioxide, a., mesotartaric, inactive 
tartaric acid obtained by heating 30 parts of tartaric 
acid with 4 parts of water for 2 hours to 165 ° C. 
a., metaphosphoric, HPO3, a glassy solid, freely solu- 
ble in cold water, and converted by boiling into 
orthophosphoric acid. It is used as a test for albumin 
in the urine, a., mineral, see a., inorganic, a., 
monobromacetic, C2H3Br02, produced by heating 
acetic acid with bromine; it is escharotic and anti- 
septic. Syn., bromacetic acid, a., monochloracetic, 
C2H3CIO2, from chlorine by action of boiling acetic 
acid containing sulphur and iodine; used in xanthoma. 
a., monoiodosalicylic, C7H5IO3, produced by boiling 
salicylic acid with iodine and alcohol. It is used in 
acute articular rheumatism. Dose 15-45 gr. (1-3 
Gm.) a day. a., mononitrosalicylic, CeH3(N02)OH .- 
CO2H, an acid obtained by action of nitric acid on 
indigo or on salicylic acid. Syn., indigotic acid; 
nitrospiroylic acid; nitroanilic acid; anilic acid, a., 
morphoxylacetic, C17H28NO3 . C . H2CO2H, a narcotic 
similar to morphine but weaker, a., mucic, CeHioOs, 
from gums and sugars, a., muriatic, see a., hydro- 
chloric, a., muriatic, dephlogisticated, a., muriatic, 
oxygenated, chlorine, a., muriatic, superoxygenated, 
chloric acid, a., myoctonic, an acid obtained from 
Palicourea marcgrafii, occurring as a yellowish, oily, 
narcotic, and extremely poisonous liquid, a., 
myristic, C14H28O2, from nutmegs, a., myronic, 
C10H19NS2O10, an acid that occurs as a potassium 
salt in the seeds of black mustard, a., /3-naph- 
thalinsulphonic, C10H7 . SO3H, an acid occurring in 
white, opalescent scales with generally a tinge of 
red; freely soluble in water and alcohol, slightly in 
ether. It is a sensitive reagent for albumin, a., 
naphthionic, CioH 6 (NH 2 ) . SO3H, an acid obtained 
from naphthylamine by action of ammonium sulphite. 
It is recommended as an antidote for nitrite poison- 
ing; also in the treatment of acute iodism and in 
troubles of the bladder originating in the alkalescence 
of the urine. Dose 40-60 gr. (2.5-4.0 Gm.) daily. 
Syn., a-naphthylaminsulphonic acid, a., naphthoic, 
C11H8O2, a crystalline substance of which 2 isomeric 
compounds may be formed by saponification of the 
2 modifications of naphthonitril. a., narcotic, see 
narcotin. a., neurostearic, C18H36O2, from brain- 
tissue, a., nicotinic, C6H5NO3, from tobacco, 
a., nitric, HNO3, a liquid consisting of 68 % absolute 
acid in 32 % of water. The pure acid is colorless, 
fuming, and highly caustic. It is used in cauteriza- 
tion of chancres and phagedenic ulcers and as a 
reagent, a., nitric, anhydrous, nitrogen pentoxide. 
a., nitric, dilute, contains 10 % absolute acid. It is 
used internally to aid digestion, to stimulate the 



hepatic function, etc. Dose 3-15 min. (0.2-1.0 Cc), 
well diluted, a., nitric, monohydrated, pure nitric 
acid, a., nitro-, an acid produced from another 
acid by replacing the hydrogen with nitryl (NO2). 
a., nitroanilic, same as a., mononitrosalicylic. a., 
nitrohydrochloric, a., nitromuriatic, a golden-yellow, 
fuming mixture of 4 parts of nitric and 15 of hydro- 
chloric acid. It is a solvent of gold; it is valuable 
in affections of the liver. Dose 1-7 min. (0.06-0.45 
Cc), very dilute. Syn., aqua regia. a., nitro- 
hydrochloric, dilute, consists of 4 parts nitric acid, 
18 parts hydrochloric acid, and 78 parts water. 
Dose 5-20 min. (0.3-1.3 Cc), well diluted, a., 
nitrosonitric, fuming nitric acid, a., nitrospiroylic, 
see a., mononitrosalicylic. a., nitrous, HNO2, from 
decomposing nitrites, a., Nordhausen, brown, 
fuming sulphuric acid, first manufactured at Nord- 
hausen. a., nucleic, a., nucleinic, any one of a 
group of organic acids containing C, H, O, N, and 
a large proportion of P. The nucleic bases are present 
in the nucleic acid radicals as organic compounds. 
The nucleic acids occur in nature, free or in combina- 
tion with albumins, when they are called primary 
acids. On decomposition they yield nucleic bases, 
and according to their origin are termed sperma- 
nucleic acid, thymono-nucleic acid, yeast-rmcleic acid, 
etc According to Kossel, there are in reality only 
4 true nucleic acids, viz., adenylic acid, guanylic 
acid, sarcylic (hypoxanthylic) acid, and xanthylic 
acid. On decomposition the primary acids give rise 
to secondary acids which contain more phosphorus 
than the primary acids, and may or may not give 
rise to xanthin bases on further decomposition; 
according to Simon, they may be divided into acids 
of the type of plasminic acid and of thyminic acid 
respectively, a., oleic, a., oleinic, C18H34O2, an acid 
present in many fats and oils. It is a colorless oil, 
crystallizing on cooling, soluble in alcohol, benzol, 
and the essential oils; insoluble in water. It saponi- 
fies when heated with alkaline bases. It is used in 
making the oleates. a., organic, an acid char- 
acterized by the presence of the carboxyl group, 
CO. OH. a., orthoamidosalicylic, C 6 H 3 (NH 2 )(OH)- 
COOH, a gray, amorphous, slightly sweet, inodorous 
powder obtained by reduction of orthonitrosalicylic 
acid and insoluble in water, alcohol, and ether. It is 
employed in chronic rheumatism. Dose 3-7 gr. 
(0.25-0.5 Gm.). a., orthoboric, see boron, a., 
orthophosphoric, H3PO4, ordinary phosphoric acid, 
as distinguished from metaphosphoric and pyro- 
phosphoric acids, a., osmic, Os04, the oxide of 
osmium, one of the rarer elements; it occurs as yellow, 
acrid, burning crystals, yielding an intensely irri- 
tating vapor; has been recommended for hypo- 
dermatic use in sciatica, strumous glands, and 
cancer; is used in histology as a fixing agent and stain 
for fat. a., otoic, same as a., caprylic. a., oxalic, 
C2H2O4, a colorless, crystalline solid, obtained by 
treating sawdust with caustic soda and potash. 
Occurs in many plants, chiefly as potassium oxalate; 
with 2 parts of water it crystallizes in fine, trans- 
parent monoclinic prisms. Is soluble in 9 parts of 
water at moderate temperature and quite easily in 
alcohol. Has been recommended in amenorrhea. 
In large doses it is a violent poison, a., oxaluric, 
C3H4N2O4, oxidation product of uric acid, a., oxuric r 
Vauquelin's name for impure alloxanic acid, a., 
oxybutyric, see oxybutyric. a., oxygen, an acid 
containing more oxygen than is requisite for satura- 
tion, a., oxymandelic, CsH804, occurs in urine in 
acute yellow atrophy of the liver, a., oxymuriatic. 
1. Hydrochloric acid. 2. Chloric acid. 3. Chlorine. 
a., /3-oxynaphthoic, C11H8O3, obtained from sodium 
betanaphthol by the action of carbon dioxide with 
heat. It is a surgical antiseptic Syn., P-naphthol- 
carboxylic acid; 0-carbonaphthoic acid, a., oxypro- 
pionic, lactic acid, a., oxypro'teic, a neutral sulphur 
compound found in the urine, a., palmitic, C16H32O2, 
an acid existing as a glycerol ether in palm-oil and 
in most solid fats, a., paracresotic, C6H8O3, an 
intestinal antiseptic, a., parafumaric, see a., maleic. 
a., paralac'tic, see sarcolactic. a., paraoxyphenyl- 
acetic, CsHsOs, found in small quantities in the urine. 
a. of pearls, acid phosphate of sodium, a., pectic, 
C16H22O15, from pectin, a., perchloric, HCIO4, a 
volatile liquid; it forms perchlorates. a., periodic, 
HI04-f-2H20, an acid obtained from iodine by the 
action of concentrated perchloric acid; is soluble in 
water and alcohol, slightly in ether, and melts at 
i30°-i33° C. Is a powerful oxidizer. Syn., hepta- 



ACID 



16 



ACID 



iodic acid, a., permanganic, HMnGi, a monobasic 
acid, a., perosmic, see a., osmic. a., phenacetu'ric, 
found in the urine of herbivorous animals, sometimes 
in human urine, a., phenic, carbolic acid, a., 
phenolsulphonic, see a., sulpho carbolic, a., phenylic, 
phenol, a., phenylsalicylic, C13H10O4, a white, anti- 
septic powder, soluble in alcohol, ether, and glycerol, 
but very slowly in water; is used as a surgical dressing 
like iodoform. Syn., orthooxydiphenylcarbolic acid; 
phenylorthooxybenzoic acid, a., phenylsulphuric, see 
a., sulphocarbolic. a., phocenic, see a., valeric. 
a., phosphoantimonic, a yellowish, very acid sub- 
stance, obtained from antimonium pentachloride by 
the action of concentrated aqueous solution of sodium 
phosphate. Used as an alkaloid reagent, a., phos- 
phocarn'ic, O0H17N3O5, a nitrogenous extraction of 
muscle, a., phosphoric, H3PO4, contains so % each 
of acid and of water; is obtained from bones or by 
oxidation of phosphorus. Syn., orthophosphoric acid. 
a., phosphoric, anhydrous, P2O5, obtained from 
phosphorus by complete combustion, occurring as a 
bulky, light, white, deliquescent powder, soluble in 
water. Is used as a chemical agent, a., phosphoric, 
dilute, contains 10 % of absolute acid. Employed 
in digestive disturbances, in strumous diseases, and 
to dissolve phosphatic deposits. Dose 5-30 min. 
(0.32-2.0 Cc). a., phosphoric, glacial, a., phos- 
phoric, monobasic, see a., metaphosphoric. a., phos- 
phorous, H3PO3, a dibasic oxyacid of phosphorus, 
containing one atom of oxygen less than phosphoric 
acid, a., phosphotungstic, H3PO4 . 12WO3, an acid 
used as an alkaloid and peptone test, a., picric, 
C6H2(N02)30H, obtained by the nitration of phenol. 
Forms pale yellow, shining, prismatic, laminar, or 
columnar crystals, which possess a very bitter taste. 
Is readily soluble in hot water; its solution dyes silk 
and wool a beautiful yellow color. It is recom- 
mended as an antiperiodic and anthelmintic. Used 
as a test for albumin and sugar. Dose 5-15 gr. 
(0.32-1.0 Gm.) a day. Syn., carbazotic acid; trini- 
trophenol. a., pimentic, see eugenol. a., pipitzahoic, 
a., pipitzahoinic, C15H20O3, a purgative principle 
discovered by Rio de la Loza in species of Perezia, 
and also obtained from Trixis radiale. Used as a 
mild # drastic. Dose 3-5 gr. (0.2-0.3 Gm.). a., 
pivalic, see a., valeric, tertiary, a., plasminic, a 
secondary nucleic acid obtainable from yeast. Is 
soluble in water and precipitates albumins in acid 
solution. Its phosphoric acid radical is capable of 
forming a true organic iron compound containing 
1 % of iron. On decomposition with mineral acids 
by boiling it yields nucleic bases and phosphoric 
acid, a., plumbic, Pb02, lead dioxide, a., polybasic, 
acids containing several carboxyl groups, a., poly- 
chromic, see a., aloetic. a., propionic, C3H6O2, an 
oxidation-product of propylic alcohol; it is a clear, 
colorless liquid, with an odor like butyric and acetic 
acids, and a specific gravity of 1.013 at o° C.; is 
miscible with water and boils at 141 ° C. a., pro- 
pionylsalicylic, a compound obtained from salicylic 
acid by action of anhydrous propionic acid. Used 
in gout and rheumatism, a., prussic, see a., hydro- 
cyanic, a., pyridintricarboxylic, a., pyridintricar- 
bonic, CsHsNOe, an oxidation-product of cinchona 
alkaloids; it is a white, crystalline powder, soluble 
in water and alcohol, and melting at 250 C. Is 
antipyretic, antiseptic, and antiperiodic; used in 
whooping-cough, typhoid and intermittent fevers, 
etc., and externally as an injection in urethral in- 
flammation. Dose 10 gr. (0.6 Gm.) 5 times daily. 
Syn., carbocinchomeronic acid, a., pyro-, an acid 
formed from another acid by action of heat, a., 
pyroboric, H2B4O7, from boric acid by heat, a., pyro- 
gallic, CeHeOa, pyrogallol, formed by heating gallic 
acid with water to 210 . It forms white leaflets or 
needles, is readily soluble in water, less so in alcohol 
and ether. Useful in the treatment of certain 
skin diseases; is poisonous and must be used with 
caution, a., pyroligneous, crude acid obtained in 
the destructive distillation of wood. It is a clear 
liquid, of reddish-brown color and strong acid taste, 
with a peculiar penetrating odor described as em- 
pyreumatic, due largely to the furfurol it contains. 
It contains from 4 to 7 % of real acetic acid, a., 
pyrophosphoric, the dihydric phosphate, 2H2O . P2O5, 
one of the forms of phosphoric acid. It is poisonous. 
Its iron salt is used in medicine. The pure acid is a 
soft glassy mass, a., pyrosorbic, see a., maleic. 
a., quinic, C7H12O6, from cinchona bark, a., rheinic, 
see a., chrysophanic. a., ricinoleic, C18H34O3, the 



active principle of castor oil. a., rosolic, C20H16O3, 
from rosanilin by action of nitric acid used as a dye 
and test for acids, a., rutic, same as c, capric. 
a., rutinic, C25H28O15, the coloring principle of rue. 
a., salicylacetic, a., salicyloacetic, C9H8O5, a reaction- 
product of sodium salicylate in a soda solution with 
sodium monochloracetate; soluble in boiling water 
and alcohol, slightly in cold water, ether, chloroform, 
and benzene. It is antiseptic and used in the same 
manner as salicylic acid. Syn., acetosalicylic acid;' 
salicyloxy acetic acid; salicylhydroxyacetic acid, a., 
salicylic, C7H6O3, occurs in the buds of Spircea ulmaria, 
in the oil of wintergreen, and in other varieties of 
gaultheria. It forms either a white crystalline 
powder, or white prismatic and acicular prisms with- 
out odor or taste. It is soluble in water and in 
chloroform, and is antiseptic; it is used in the treat- 
ment of acute articular rheumatism and myalgia. 
Dose s-20 gr. (0.3-1.3 Gm.), not exceeding 1 dr. 
(4 Gm.) daily. Syn., orthooxybenzoic acid, a., 
salicylsulphonic, a., salicylsulphuric, see a., sul- 
phosalicylic. a., salicyluric, C9H 8 (OH)N03, a com- 
pound found in urine after taking salicylic acid. 
a. of salts, hydrochloric acid, a., sarcolactic, C3H6O3, 
occurs in blood and in muscles, to which it gives their 
acid reaction, especially after the muscles have been 
in a state of activity. It is also found in urine in 
phosphorus-poisoning, a., sclerotic, a., sclerotinic, 
an acid found in ergot, of which it is one of the 
active principles, a., scoparic, see scoparin. a. of 
sea-salt, hydrochloric acid, a., septic, nitric acid. 
a., sphacelinic, an acid, regarded as the constituent 
of ergot, which causes gangrene and develops the 
cachexia of that disease, a., stearic, a., stearinic, 
C18H36O2, associated with palmitic and oleic acids 
as a mixed ether, in solid animal fats, the tallows. 
a., stibious, SbCh, a colorless, transparent mass, 
soluble in alcohol and carbon disulphate, and melting 
at 73.2 C. It is a caustic. Syn., antimonious oxide 
of antimony; antimony trichloride, a., stibous, 
C15H12O3 (Gmelin), a crystalline substance obtained 
from oil of bitter almonds by action of fuming 
sulphuric acid, a., succinic, C4H6O4, an acid ob- 
tained in the distillation of amber, and also prepared 
artificially, a., sulphanilic, CeH4(NH 2 ) . SO3H, ob- 
tained by heating anilin (1 part) with fuming H2SO4 
(2 parts) to 180 until SO2 appears. It crystallizes 
in rhombic plates which effloresce in the air. It is 
used as a reagent, a., sulphazotized, a class of acids 
formed from potassium nitrite by action of sulphurous 
acid, a., sulphocarbolic, C6H5HSO4, phenyl bisul- 
phate, formed by the union of phenol and sulphuric 
acid. Its salts, the sulphocarbolates, are used in 
medicine as intestinal antiseptics, etc. a., sul- 
phoindigotic, a., sulphoindylic, see a., indigosulphuric. 
a.s, sulphonic, a class of acids of the general formula 
Rn . (SO2 . OH) TO when Rn is a radical whose quanti- 
valence is N. Such acids are derived from sulphuric 
acid by the substitution of a radical for hydroxyl; or 
they may be regarded as acid sulphites derived from 
sulphurous acid, H2SO3, by the replacement of half 
of its hydrogen by a basic radical, a., sulphonilic, 
see a., sulphanilic. a., sulphophenic, see c, sul- 
phocarbolic. a., sulphophenolic, same as phenol- 
sulphonic acid, a., sulphosalicylic, C7H6SO6, an acid 
obtained from salicylic acid by the action of sulphuric 
anhydride, occurring as white crystals, soluble in 
water and alcohol, melting at 120 C, and colored 
an intense violet-red by ferric chloride. It is used as a 
test for albumin in urine. Syn., salicylsulphonic 
acid, a., sulphothiocarbonic, see a., xanthogenic. 
a., sulphuric, H2SO4, a heavy, oily, corrosive acid, 
consisting of not less than 92.5 % sulphuric anhydride 
and 7-5 % of water. It is used as a reagent and as a 
caustic. Syn., oil of vitriol, a., sulphuric aromatic, 
contains 20 % acid, diluted with alcohol and flavored 
with cinnamon and ginger. It is used as an astringent 
in diarrhea and in night-sweats; also in hemoptysis. 
Dose 5-15 min. (0.32-1.0 Cc). a., sulphuric, dilute, 
contains 10 % strong acid to 90 % of water. It is 
used as an astringent. Dose 10-15 min. (0.65-1.0 
Cc.) , well diluted, a., sulphuric, fuming, H2SO4 . SO3, 
an oily liquid, fuming in the air, obtained by roasting 
ferrous sulphate. Syn., Nordhausen oil of vitriol; 
Nordhausen acid, a., sulphurous, H2SO3, a colorless 
acid containing about 6.4 % of sulphurous anhydride 
in 93.6 % of water. The gas, SO2, is a valuable 
disinfectant. The acid is used as a spray or lotion 
in diphtheria, stomatitis, and as a wash for indolent 
and syphilitic ulcers. The various hyposulphites 



ACID 



17 



ACINETATROPHIA 



are mainly valuable in that they decompose and give 
off sulphur dioxide. Dose 5 min.-i dr. (0.32-4.0 
Cc). a., sulphydric, see c, hydrosulphuric. a., 
sumbulic, a., sumbulolic, see a., angelic, a., sylvic, 
C20H30O2, from resin, a., tannic, O4H10O9, an astrin- 
gent acid obtained from nutgalls, and occurring in 
yellowish, scaly crystals. It is soluble in water and 
alcohol. It is an antidote in poisoning by alkaloids 
and tartar emetic, and is used as an astringent in 
catarrh of mucous membranes, and externally in 
many skin diseases. Dose 1-20 gr. (0.065-1.3 Gm.). 
Syn., tannin. (For preparations of tannic acid see 
respective headings.) a., tanningenic, a., tanningic, 
see catechin. a., tartaric, H2C4H4O6, an astringent 
acid widely distributed in the vegetable world, 
occurring principally in the juice of the grape, from 
which it deposits after fermentation in the form of 
acid potassium tartrate (argol). It is chiefly em- 
ployed in refrigerant drinks and in baking-powders; 
20 grains neutralize 27 of potassium bicarbonate, 
22 of sodium bicarbonate, and 155 of ammonium 
carbonate. Dose 10-30 gr. (0.65-2.0 Gm.). a., tar- 
taric, inactive, see a., mesotartaric. a., taurocholic, 
C26H45NSO7, occurs in bile; it is very soluble in water 
and alcohol and crystallizes in fine needles, a., 
telluric, H2TeCU+2H20, the dibasic acid of tellurium. 
a., tetraboric, H2B4O7, boric acid heated to 160 C, 
forming a glassy mass. Syn., pyroboric acid, a., 
tetrathiodichlorsalicylic, (& : C 6 HCl[OH]COOH) 2 , 
obtained from salicylic acid by the action of sul- 
phuryl chloride, and heat; it occurs as a reddish-yellow 
powder, soluble in aqueous alkalies. It is antiseptic 
and used as a dusting-powder, a., thiacetylenic, see 
a., thioacetic. a., thio-, an acid in which sulphur 
is substituted for oxygen, a., thioacetic, C2H4OS, 
a clear, pungent, sour liquid with a sulphureted 
hydrogen odor, obtained from glacial acetic acid and 
phosphorus pentasulphide. It is used as a substitute 
for sulphureted hydrogen in analysis. Syn., ethane- 
thiolic acid; thiacetylenic acid; thiacetic acid; aceto- 
sulphuric acid, a., thiolinic, a dark mass, consisting 
of linseed oil and sulphur dioxide, used in skin diseases. 
Syn., sulphurated linseed oil; thiolin. a., thioncar- 
bonthiol, see a., xanthogenic. a., thiosalicylic, 
C7H6SO2, a brownish-yellow mass obtained from ami- 
dobenzoic acid by the successive action of nitrous 
acid and sulphureted hydrogen; a surgical antiseptic. 
a., trichloracetic, HC2CI3O2, an acid formed from ace- 
tic acid, 3 atoms of the hydrogen of which are, in 
the new acid, replaced by chlorine. It is used as a 
reagent for the detection of albumin in the urine 
and as a caustic, a., trichlorcarbolic, a., trichlor- 
phenic, see trichlor phenol, a., tricyanic, H3C3N3O3, 
obtained from tricyanogen chloride by boiling it 
with water and alkalies. It crystallizes from aqueous 
solution with two molecules of water in large rhombic 
prisms; soluble in 40 parts of cold water; easily 
soluble in hot water and in alcohol. Syn., cyanuric 
acid, a., trimethacetic, a., trimethylacetic, a., 
trimethylcarbincarbonic, see a., valeric, tertiary. 
a., tropic, C9H10O3, from atropine, a., tumenol- 
sulphonic, a substance obtained from tumenol by 
action of fuming sulphuric acid; used as a dusting- 
powder, a.s, uramic, a series of carbamide — CONH — 
compounds occurring in the urine after the ingestion 
of amido-acids. They comprise methylhydantoic 
acid, taurocarbamic acid, uramidobenzoic acid, and 
tyrosinhydantoinic acid or hydantoin hydropara- 
cumaric acid. They are found after the ingestion of 
sarcosin or methylglycocoll, of taurin, amidobenzoic 
acid, and tyrosin respectively, a., ureous, see 
xanthin. a., uric, C5H4N4O3, an acid found in the 
urine of all animals, especially man and the carni- 
vora, — rarely in the herbivora, — abundantly in the 
excrement of birds, reptiles, and mollusks. It 
exists usually in combination with the metals of the 
alkaline group. It is separated from urine by 
adding hydrochloric acid and allowing the crystals 
to settle, a. of urine. 1. Phosphoric acid. 2. Uric 
acid, a., urobenzoic, see a., hippuric. a., urocanic, 
a., urocaninic, C6H6N2O2+2H2O, from degs' urine. 
a., uroproteic, C66H116N20SO54 +nH20, from dogs' 
urine, a., valeric, a., valerianic, C5H10O2, is formed 
by oxidizing normal amyl-alcohol. It is a mobile 
liquid with caustic acid taste and the pungent smell 
of old cheese, a., valeric, active, see a., melhyl- 
ethylacelic. a., valeric, normal, CH3(CH2)3C02H, an 
isomer of valeric acid, first prepared by Lieben and 
Rossi from pentonitril (C4H3CN); it is a liquid with 
odor of normal butyric acid, boiling at 186 C, 



melting at 59° C. Sp. gr., 0.9568 at o° C.; Syn., 
pentoic acid; normal propylacetic acid; isobutyl car- 
bonic acid, a., valeric, tertiary, (CH3)3C . CO2H, a 
fatty crystalline acid containing a tertiary alcohol 
radical, discovered by Butlerow, who obtained it 
synthetically from tertiary butyl alcohol; melts at 
35° C; boils at 163° C. Syn., pivalic acid; trimethyl- 
acetic acid; pseudovaleric acid; trimethacetic acid; 
pinalic acid; trimethylcarbincarbonic acid, a., ver- 
atric, C9H10O4, occurs with veratrine in sabadilla 
seeds; soluble in water and alcohol, a., viburnic, 
ordinary valeric acid discovered in Viburnum opulus. 
a.s, vinic, acids obtained from alcohol by action of 
acids, a., vitriolic, sulphuric acid, a., xanthogenic, 
HO . CS . SH, an acid not existing in the free state; 
the xanthates are obtained from it. Syn., sulpho- 
thiocarbonic acid; thioncarbonthiol acid, a.s, xantho- 
proteic, nitrogenous substances obtained from solu- 
tions of proteids by action of nitric acid, a., xan- 
thylic, a primary nucleic acid yielding xanthin on 
decomposition, a., yeast-nucleic, C40H59N16O22 .- 
2P2O5, a primary nucleic acid occurring in yeast; it 
contains a carbohydrate group, as Kossel was able 
to obtain from it a hexose and a pentose. 

acida (as'-id-ah) [L.]. Plural of acidum, q. v. 

acidalbumin (as-id-al-bu'-min). A proteid acted 
upon or dissolved in the stronger acids, and yielding 
an acid reaction. 

acidemia (as-id-e'-me-ah). A condition of de- 
creased alkalinity of the blood. 

acid-fast (as' -id-fast). Not easily decolorized by 
acids when stained. 

acidifiable (as-id-i-fi'-a-bl) [acidum, acid; fieri, to 
become]. Capable of becoming sour. 

acidifiant (as-id-if -i-ant) . See acidifiable. 

acidification (as-id'-if-ik-a-shun) [acidum, acid; 
facer e, to make]. Conversion into an acid; the 
process of becoming sour. 

acidify (as-id'-if-i). 1. To convert into an acid. 
2. To render sour, to acidulate. 

acidimeter {as-id-im' -et-er) [acidum, acid; ukrpov, 
a measure]. An instrument for performing acidi- 
metry. 

acidimetric (as-id-e-met'-rik). Pertaining to acidi- 
metry. 

acidimetry (as-id-im' -et-re) [see acidimeter]. De- 
termination of the free acid in a solution by an 
acidimeter or by chemical reactions. 

acidism (as'-id-izm) . Same as acidosis, q. v. 

acidity (as-id'-it-e) [acidum, acid]. The quality of 
being acid; sourness; excess of acid. 

acidity of the stomach, sourness of the stomach 
due to oversecretion of acid or to fermentation of the 
food. 

acidol (as'-id-ol). Trade name of betaine hydro- 
chloride, C5H12NO2CI. 

acidology (as-id-ol'-o-je) [&*«, a bandage, a point; 
Xo-yos, a treatise]. The science of surgical appliances. 

acidometer (as-id-om'-et-ur). See acidimeter. 

acidometric (as-id-o-met'-rik). See acidimetric. 

acidometry (as-id-om'-et-re). See acidimetry. 

acidophil, acidophile (as-id'-o-fil) [acidum, acid; 
<f>[\os, loving]. 1. Susceptible of imbibing acid stains. 
2. A substance having an affinity for acid stains. 

acidosis (as-id-o'-sis) [acidum, acid]. Acid intoxi- 
cation caused by an abnormal production of acids in 
the body and their faulty elimination. 

acidosteophyte (as-id-os'-te-o-fit) [d»cis, a point; 
osteophyte], A sharp, or needle-shaped, osteophyte. 

acidoxyl (as-id-oks'-il). A compound of an acidyl 
or acid radical with oxygen. 

acid-proof (as'-id-pruf). Same as acid-fast, q. v. 

acidulate (as-id'-u-lat) [acidulare, to make sour]. 
To render acid or sour. 

acidulated (as-id'-u-la-ted). Somewhat sour or 
acid. 

acidulous (as-id'-u-lus) [see acidulated]. Mod- 
erately sour. 

acidulum (as-id'-u-lum) [L. dim. of acidum]. An 
acid salt. 

acidum (as'-id-um) [L.]. See acid. 

acidyl (as'-id-il). The radical of an organic acid, 
particularly those hydrocarbons of the formula 
C n H n _i. 

acidylated (as-id'-il-a-led). Combined with the 
residue of a fatty acid (acidyl). 

acinesia (as-in-e'-ze-ah). See akinesia. 

acinesic, acinetic. See akinetic. 

acinetatrophia (as-in-et-at-ro'-fe-ah) [acinesis; at- 
rophia]. Atrophy due to lack of exercise. 



ACINI 



18 



ACOCANTHERA 



acini (as'-in-i) [L.]. Plural of acinus, q. v. 

aciniform (as-in'-if-orm) [acinus, a grape]. Grape- 
like. 

acinose (as'-in-oz). See acinous. 

acinotubular (as-in-o-tu'-bu-lar) [acinus, a grape; 
tubulus, a tube]. Applied to a gland or other struc- 
ture having tubular acini or secreting sacs. 

acinous (as'-in-us) [acinus, a grape], i. Relating 
to an acinus or having acini. 2. Resembling a grape 
or a cluster of grapes; composed of granular con- 
cretions. 

acinus (as'-in-us) [acinus, a grape; pi., acini]. 
Any one of the smallest lobules of a compound gland, 
as an acinus of the liver. 

aciurgia (as-e-er'-je-ah), or aciurgy (as'-e-er-je) 
td/ct's, point; ipyeiv, to work]. Operative surgery. 

aclastic (ak-las'-tik). Not refracting. 

acleidian (ah-kli'-de-an) [&, priv.; ic\eis, the collar- 
bone]. ^ Without clavicles. 

acleitocardia (ah-kli-to-kar'-de-ah) [&, priv.; n\eUiv, 
to close; napSia, the heart]. Imperfect closure of 
the foramen ovale. 

acmastic (ak-mas'-tik) [acme]. Pertaining to dis- 
ease with regular increase and decrease. (Epac- 
mastic; first period. Paracmastic; period of decline.) 

acme (ak'-me) [&«*"?. a point]. 1. The highest 
point. 2. The crisis or critical stage of disease. 
3. Acne; an acne papule; a wart. 

acmon (ak'-mon) [&kiio)i>, an anvil]. The incus. 

acne (ak'-ne) [6ucn-h, a point]. A common, usually 
chronic, inflammatory disease of the sebaceous 
glands, occurring mostly about the face, chest, and 
back. The lesions may be papular, pustular, or 
tubercular. It occurs usually between the ages of 
puberty and 24 years, is generally worse in winter, 
and is associated with menstrual and gastrointestinal 
troubles. The individual lesions consist of minute 
pink, acuminate papules or pimples, in the center of 
which is a black-topped comedo (a. punctata, a. 
papulosa). Syn., acne varus; acne vulgaris; whelk; 
stone pock; acne boutonneuse; acne" Sruptive. a., 
adenoid, see lupus, disseminated follicular, a. 
adolescentium, synonym of a. vulgaris, a. albida, 
synonym of milium, a., arthritic, a form common 
in adults, especially in women at the climacteric, 
and thought to be connected with the arthritic 
•diathesis, a. artificialis, that form that disappears 
when the cause is removed, a. atrophica, synonym 
of a. varioliformis, a., bromine, see a. coagminata. 
a. cachecticorum, a form occurring in debilitated, 
cachectic persons after prolonged wasting diseases, 
as phthisis. The eruption occurs usually on the 
trunk or legs, and is characterized by fiat, dull -red 
papules and pustules of the size of a pin-head to 
that of a lentil, a. cheloidienne, see dermatitis 
papillaris capillitii. a., chlorine, a form occurring 
among men engaged in manufacturing hydrochloric 
acid. The skin of the face is pigmented, comedones 
and pustules of varying size are thickly scattered 
over the face, brow, scalp, neck, back, upper thorax, 
genitals, and inner surface of the thighs. Atheromata 
and curious cornifications resembling those of Darier's 
disease are present on the scalp, a. ciliaris, acne 
at the edges of the eyelids, a. coagminata, a form 
in which the lesions occur in clusters. The name is 
generally applied to the acne due to the internal use 
of bromine or its compounds; the groups of closely 
aggregated pustules form thick patches covered with 
scabs of dried pus, presenting beneath a dusky red 
and often moist surface, a., concrete, see seborrhea 
sicca, a., congestive, see a. rosacea, a. contagiosa, 
an inoculable pustular disease of horses, said to differ 
from horse-pox. a. cornea, conic, discolored out- 
growths, grouped or solitary, consisting of hard 
plugs of sebaceous matter projecting from the 
follicles. Syn., ichthyosis follicularis. a. decalvans, 
an inflammatory disease of hair-follicles with destruc- 
tion of the hairs and atrophy or cicatrization of the 
skin. a. disseminata, synonym of a. vulgaris, a., 
elephantiasic, see a., hypertrophica. a. erythematosa, 
see a. rosacea, a., fluent, see seborrhea oleosa. 
a. frontalis, see a. varioliformis, a. generalis, acne 
that has become general over the surface of the 
body. a. granulosa, see a. cachecticorum. a. horde- 
olans, a. hordeolaris, a form with the pustules 
arranged in linear groups, a. hypertrophica, a stage 
of acne rosacea in which there is a permanent, in- 
tensely red, non-inflammatory, nodulated thickening 
of the tips and sides of the nose, expanding it both 
laterally and longitudinally, a. indurata, a variety 



of acne vulgaris characterized by chronic, livid indur- 
ations, the result of extensive perifollicular infiltra- 
tion. It is especially seen in strumous subjects. 
a., iodine, acne due to the prolonged use of an iodide. 
a. keratosa, a rare form in which a horny plug takes 
the place of the comedo, and by its presence excites 
inflammation, a. luposa, see a. telangiectodes. 
a. medicamentosa, acne due to the internal adminis- 
tration of certain drugs — as iodine, bromine, etc. 
a. mentagra, see sycosis, a. miliaris. 1. Milium. 
2. A pustular variety of acne rosacea, a., miliary 
arthritic, see a. cachecticorum. a., miliary scrofulous, 
a variety of the disease usually occurring on the 
forehead; the pustules are small, discrete, or confluent, 
and often arranged in geometric figures, a. mollus- 
coidea, a. molluscum, see molluscum. contagiosum 
a. necrotica, see a. varioliformis, a. pancreat'ica, 
small cysts in the pancreas due to obstructions of 
the smaller ducts, a. papulosa, see acne, a., peni- 
cilliform, see tinea asbestina. a. picealis, a form of 
dermatitis common in fiber-dressers who work with 
paraffin and in persons otherwise brought in contact 
with tar or its vapor. It involves chiefly the extensor 
surfaces of the limbs. Syn., tar acne, a., pilous, 
a variety in which the pustules involve the hair- 
bulbs, a., pilous, umbilicated, a variety in which 
each pustule is umbilicated and pierced by a hair. . 
a. punctata, a variety of acne vulgaris, a. punctata 
albida, see milium, a. pustulosa, a variety of acne 
vulgaris characterized by abscesses, a. rhinophyma, 
same as a. hypertrophica. a. rodens, synonym of 
a. varioliformis, a. rosacea, a chronic hyperemic or 
inflammatory affection of the skin, situated usually 
upon the face, especially the nose, cheeks, forehead, 
and chin. Syn., rosacea; telangiectasis faciei; ncevus 
araneus; brandy nose; whisky nose; spider nevus; 
spider cancer, a. rosacea congestiva, see a. hyper- 
trophica. a., scorbutica, acne associated with 
scurvy, a. scrofulosa, a variety of acne cachecti- 
corum, occurring in strumous children, a. sebacea, 
synonym of seborrhea, a. sebacea cornea, see 
Darier's disease, a. sebacea molluscum, see atheroma. 
a., sebaceous, crusty, see seborrhea sicca, a., seba- 
ceous, dry, a. sebacea exsiccata, see xeroderma. 
a., sebaceous, fluent, see seborrhea oleosa, a. sim- 
plex, a variety of acne vulgaris, a. Solaris, a form 
due to exposure to the sun, marked by red papules 
that seldom suppurate, occurring on the nose, lower 
eyelids, and cheeks, a. sycosiformis, same as sycosis 
non-parasitica. a., syphilitic, a. syphilitica, a form 
with inflammation in the follicles, appearing in 
scattered, pointed pustules with copper-colored base. 
Syn., acneiform syphiloderm. a. tarsi, an inflamma- 
tory affection of the large sebaceous glands of the 
eyelashes (Meibomian glands), a. telangiectodes, 
a. teleangeiectodes, Kaposi's name for a nonpustular 
disease having its origin in the hair-follicles and pre- 
senting smooth, shining, circumscribed, hemispheric 
nodules, pale-pink to brownish-red in color, from a 
pinhead to a cherry-stone in size. Epithelial cyst 
formation and degeneration of the hair-follicle attend 
it. Syn., disseminated follicular lupus simulating 
acne; acne luposa; lupus miliaris; lupus follicularis 
acneiformis; acute disseminated nodular tuberculous 
lupus, a. tuberata, a. tuberculosa, see a. indurata. 
a., tuberculoid, a., tuberculous, umbilicated, a. 
umbilicata, see molluscum contagiosum. a., varicose, 
a form characterized by dilated superficial capillaries. 
a. varioliformis, a somewhat rare disease, situated 
chiefly about the forehead, at the junction with the 
hairy scalp, and extending into the hair. The 
pustules appear in groups. Its etiology is unknown. 
a. vulgaris, see acne. 

acneform, acneiform (ak'-ne-form, ak-ne' -e-form) . 
Resembling acne. 

acnemia (ak-ne' -me-ah) [&, priv.; whur), leg]. 
I. Deficiency in the calf of the leg. 2. A condition 
marked by total absence of legs. 

acnemous (ak'-ne-mus) [&, priv.; kj^juij, leg]. 
Having imperfect calves; having no legs. 

acnitis (ak-ni'-tis) [&/cjt«7. a point; ms, inflamma- 
tion]. See hydrosadenitis phlegmonosa. 

Acocanthera (ak-o-kan-the'-ra) [okwkt), a point; 
&vdt)p6s, blooming]. A genus of plants of the order 
Apocynacece. A. abyssinica yields an African arrow- 
poison, mshangu, secured from a decoction of the 
branches, the toxic property being due to a crystalline 
glucosid, C29H46O3. A. defter sii and A. schimperi are 
used as arrow-poisons in Africa. The poisonous 
principles are crystalline glucosides. A. venenata 



ACCELIUS 



19 



AC RANI A 



is a species indigenous to southern Africa; a decoction 
of the bark is used by the natives to poison arrows. 
The poisonous principle is a glucoside, acocantherin, 
similar to or identical with ouabain. 

acoelius (ah-se' -le-us) . See acelius. 

acoesis (ak-o-e'-sis). See audition. 

acognosia (ah-kog-no'-ze-ah). See aceognosia. 

acography (ak-og'-raf-e) [a/cos, a remedy; ypd<petv, 
to write]. A description of remedies. 

acoin (ak'-o-in). Hydrochloride of diparaany- 
silmonoparaphenetylguanidin, a white powder, used 
in infiltration anesthesia by Schleich's method in a 
i : iooo solution of 0.8 % solution of sodium chloride; 
also in 1 % aqueous solution in ophthalmology. 

acolasia (ak-o-la'-ze-ah) [iucoXaaia, intemperance]. 
Unrestrained self-indulgence; lust; intemperance. 

acolastic (ak-o-las'-tik) [d/co\ao-ia, intemperance]. 
Due to, or characterized by, acolasia. 

acology (ak-ol'-o-je) [clkos, remedy; X670S, a dis- 
course]. Aceology, q. v. 

acolous (ah-ko'-lus) [&, priv.; k&\ov, limb]. Having 
no limbs. 

acomia (ah-ko'-me-ah) [a, priv.; Kop-q, hair]. 
Baldness. A deficiency of hair arising from any 
cause. 

acomous (ah-ko'-mus) [&, priv.; Kop-q, hair]. 
Hairless, blad. 

aconine (ak'-o-nin). C26H39NO11. A decomposi- 
tion product of aconitine. 

aconite (ak'-on-it). See aconitum. 

aconitia (ak-o-nish'-e-ah). Aconitine or aconitina. 

aconitic acid (ak-on-it'-ik). See acid, aconitic. 

aconitin (ak-on'-it-in). See aconitine. 

aconitina (ak-on-it-i'-nah. 1. See aconitine. 2. An 
impure aconitine or combination of principles ob- 
tained from the root of Aconitum napelhcs, as pre- 
pared by Morson. Its salts do not crystallize, but 
form gum-like masses. 

aconitine (ak-on'-it-en), C33H45NO12, aconitina 
(U. S. P.). An intensely poisonous alkaloid from 
Aconitum napellus and other species; it occurs as 
white, fiat crystals of slightly bitter taste. Dose 
j&xj gr. (0.0003 Gm.). Syn., aconiticum; aconitinum. 
a., amorphous, a mixture of several bases found in 
the bulbs of Aconitum napellus. Its principal con- 
stituents are aconitine and picroaconitine. It is 
15 or 20 times less poisonous than pure crystallized 
aconitine. a., British, C36H49NO12 (Wright), the 
alkaloid prepared by Morson from Aconitum ferox. 
It is a yellowish-white, crystalline powder. Dose 
stm gr. (0.0002 Gm.). Also called English aconitine; 
acr aconitine; Morson's napelline or pure aconitine; 
Hubschmann's pseudaconitine; Fliickiger's nepaline. 
a., Duquesnel's, see a. nitrate, a. hydrobromide, 
C33H«NOi2HBr-|-2!H20 (Jurgens), from crystalline 
aconitine, occurring as small white tablets, soluble 
in water and alcohol. Dose the same as the crystal- 
line alkaloid, a. hydrochloride, C33H43NO12HCI + 
3H2O (Jurgens), a white, crystalline powder from 
crystalline aconitine, soluble in water and alcohol. 
Dose about the same as the alkaloid. Syn., aconitine 
chlorhydrate; aconitine hydrochlorite. a. nitrate, 
C33H43NO12HNO3, fine white prisms or rhombic 
crystals; it is highly poisonous and is used in neuralgia 
and rheumatism. Dose about the same as the 
alkaloid. Syn., Duquesnel's aconitine. a. phosphate, 
a salt of aconitine. It occurs as a white, crystalline 
powder or as a yellowish-white, amorphous powder, 
a. salicylate, a salt of aconitine occurring as a white, 
crystalline powder or as a yellowish- white, amorphous 
powder, a. sulphate, (C 3 3H43NOi2)2H 2 S04, a salt of 
aconitine occurring as a crystalline powder, in glass- 
like lumps, or as a yellowish-white, amorphous 
powder. 

aconitum (ak-on-i' -turn) [L.]. The root of A conitum 
napellus. It possesses a bitter, pungent taste, and 
produces numbness and persistent tingling in the 
tongue and lips. Is very poisonous. It depresses 
the heart, respiration, circulation, and paralyzes the 
sensory nerves. Is antipyretic, diaphoretic, and 
diuretic. The active principle is aconitine. As a 
diaphoretic and depressant to the circulation it is 
highly beneficial in fevers, acute throat affections, 
and inflammation of the respiratory organs. Dose 
\-2 gr. (0.03-0.13 Gm.). aconiti, abstractum, has 
double the strength of the powdered drug or its 
fluid extract. Dose J-i gr. (0.016-0.065 Gm.). 
a., extractum. Dose ^-\ gr. (0.0 1 1-0.02 2 Gm.). 
a., fluidextractum (U. S. P.), has a strength of 1 drop 
to the grain of the powdered drug. Dose 5-2 min. 



0.03-0.13 Cc). a., linimentum (B. P.), aconite 
root, camphor, and rectified spirit, a., oleatum, a 
2 % solution of aconite in oleic acid, a., tinctura 
(U. S. P.), contains aconite 10, alcohol and water 
each sufficient to make 100 parts. Dose 10 min. 
(0.6 Cc). a., unguentum (B. P.), 8 grains to thejounce. 

aconuresis (ah-kon-u-re'-sis) [a, priv.; conari, to 
strive; oupij<ris, urination]. Involuntary discharge of 
urine. 

acoprosis (ah-kop-ro'-sis) [&, priv.; icoirpos, excre- 
ment]. Deficient formation of feces. 

acoprous (ah-kop'-rus). Characterized by the 
absence of excrement in the bowels. 

acopyrine (ak-o-pi'-rin). A combination of aspirin 
and antipyrine; it is used in rheumatism. Dose, 
o.s gm. 5 or 6 times daily. 

acor (a'-kor) [L.]. Acrimony: acidity, as of the 
stomach. 

acorea (ah-ko-re'-ah) [a, priv.; Kopjj, pupil]. Ab- 
sence of the pupil. 

acoria (ah-ko'-re-ah) [&, priv.; Kopos. satisfaction]. 
1. A greedy or insatiable appetite. 2. Temperance 
in eating. 3. A nervous stomach affection charac- 
terized by a sense of fulness. 

acorin (ak'-o-rin). A bitter glucoside obtained 
from Acorus calamus, or sweet flag. 

acormus (ah-kor'-mus) [a, priv.; Koppds, the trunk]. 
A monster without a trunk or body. 

acorus (ak'-o-rus). See calamus. 

acosmia (ah-koz'-me-ah) [a, priv.; Koapos, order]. 

1. Poor health. 2. Irregularity in the course of a 
disease. 3. Ataxia. 4. Baldness. 5- Any deform- 
ity causing irregularity of the features. Syn., 
acosmy. 

acoulalion (ah-koo-la' -le-on) . An instrument used 
in teaching speech to deaf-mutes. 

acoumeter, acouometer (ah-koo'-me-ter, ah-koo- 
om'-e-ter) [aKoveiv, to hear; pkrpov, a measure]. 1. An 
instrument for measuring the acuteness of hearing. 

2. An instrument arranged to give a typical sound of 
a vowel, which may be used as a standard to which 
other sounds may be referred. 

acoumetric, acoumometric (ah-koo-met'-rik, ah-koo- 
mo-met'-rik). Pertaining to the auditory sense or 
to the power of estimating the relative distance of 
sounds. Syn., acusmetricus ; acusmometricus. 

acoumetry (ah-koo'-met-re) [duioveiv, to hear; pkrpov, 
a measure]. The measurement or testing of the 
acuteness of the hearing. 

acouophony (ah-koo-of'-on-e) [bicoveiv, to hear; 
4>uvq, sound]. Same as auscultatory percussion. 

acouoxylon (ah-koo-oks'-il-on) [atcoveiv, to hear; 
£v\ov, wood]. A wooden (pine) stethoscope. 

acouphone (ah-koo-'fon) [tacoveiv, to hear; <pwvii, 
sound]. A mechanism to aid defective hearing. 

acousia (ah-koo'-se-ah) [iicovala, constraint]. 1. In- 
voluntary action. 2. The faculty of hearing; audi- 
tion. 

acousma (ah-koos- or kowz'-mah) [iucovo-pa, thing 
heard; pi., acousmata]. An auditory hallucination; 
a condition in which imaginary sounds are noticed 
by the patient, are believed by him to be real. 

acousmatagnosis (ah-koos-mat-ag-no'-sis). Inabil- 
ity to memorize sounds. 

acousmatamnesia (ah-koos-mat-am-ne'-ze-ah). In- 
ability to remember sounds. 

acousmetric (ah-koos-met'-rik). See acoumetric. 

acoustic {ah-koos' -tik or a-kows'-tik) [aKovartKos]. 
Relating to the ear or science of sound, a. duct, 
the external meatus of the ear. a. nerve, the eighth 
cranial nerve, a. tetanus, the rapidity of the in- 
duction shocks in a frog's nerve-muscle preparation, 
as measured by the pitch of a vibrating rod. a. 
tubercle, a rounded elevation on either side of the 
floor of the fourth ventricle. 

acousticon (ah-koos' -tik-on). An ear-trumpet. 

acoustics (ah-koos' -tiks or a-kows' -tiks) . The sci- 
ence of sound. 

acquired movements (ak-wi'-erd moov'-mentz). 
Those brought under the influence of the will only 
after conscious and attentive effort and practice, in 
distinction from reacquired movements, those rein- 
stated in their former proficiency after injury to the 
motor regions of the brain. 

acracholia (ak-ra-ko'-le-ah) [&Kpaxo\ia]. A fit of 
passion; passionateness. 

acraconitine. See pseudaconitine. 

acrania, acranial (ah-kra'-ne-ah, ah-kra'-ne-al) [A, 
priv.; Kpavlov, skull]. The condition of a monster 
with partial or complete absence of the cranium. 



ACRANIUS 



20 



ACROPATHY 



acranius (ah-kra'-ne-us) [a, priv.: xpaviov, cranium]. 
A monster wholly or partly destitute of cranium. 

acrasia (ah-kra'-ze-ah) [a, priv.; xpao-is, modera- 
tion], i. Intemperance; lack of self-control. 2. 
Acratia. 

acratia (ah-kra'-she-ah) [axpareiv. d, priv.; xparos, 
force]. Impotence, loss of power. 

acraturesis (ah-krat-u-re'-sis) [axpareia, lack of 
strength; ovpyo-is, micturition]. Inability to mic- 
turate from atony of the bladder. 

Acree-Rosenheim formaldehyde reaction in testing 
for proteins. Put a few drops of a solution of 
formaldehyde (1 : 5000) in a solution of protein and 
mix well. After 2-3 minutes allow a little concen- 
trated sulphuric acid to flow into the test-tube 
slowly, so that the two solutions do not mix. A 
violet color appears at the line of contact. 

acribometer (ak-re-bom'-et-ur) [axpifHjs, accurate; 
fiirpov, a measure]. A device for measuring minute 
objects. 

acrid (ak'-rid) [acer, sharp]. Pungent; irritating. 

acridine (ak'-rid-in) [acrid], C13H9N. A substance 
produced by heating anilin and salicylic aldehyde to 
260 with ZnCh. It dissolves in dilute acids with a 
beautiful green fluorescence, and has a very pungent 
odor. p 

acrimony (ak'-rim-o-ne) [acrimonia]. Irritating 
quality, pungency, corrosiveness: an acrid quality 
or state. 

acrinia (ah-krin'-e-ah) [&, priv.; xplveiv, to separ- 
ate]. Diminution or suppression of a secretion or 
excretion. 

acrinyl sulphocyanate (ak'-rin-il). An acrid and 
vesicating substance found in white mustard. 

acrisia (ah-kris'-e-ah) [&, priv.; crisis]. The 
absence of a crisis from a disease; an unfavorable 
crisis or turn in the course of an attack of disease. 

acritical (ah-krit'-ik-al) [&, priv.; xpiais, a crisis]. 
Without a crisis; not relating to a crisis. 

acritochromacy (ah-krit-o-kro'-mas-e) [axpiros, un- 
distinguished; xp«m«. color]. Color-blindness, achro- 
matopsia. 

acroaesthesia. See acroesthesia. 

acroanesthesia (ak-ro-an-es-the'-ze-ah) [axpov, ex- 
tremity; Apaiadrjaia, want of feeling]. Anesthesia 
of the extremities. 

acroarthritis (ak-ro-ar-thri'-tis). Arthritis of the 
extremities. 

acroasphyxia (ak-ro-as-fiks'-e-ah) [axpov, extremity; 
d, priv.; er#6£«, pulse]. Asphyxia of the extremities. 
Phenomenon of Raynaud. 

acroblast (ak'-ro-blast) [axpov, extremity; /SXao-rds, a 
germ]. Kollmann's term for that part of the ger- 
minal membrane of the embryo which gives rise to 
blood-vessels filled with blood and probably con- 
nective tissue. 

acrobystia (ak-ro-bis'-te-ah) [axpoffvo-rla, the fore- 
skin]. 1. The prepuce. 2. Circumcision. 

acrobystiolith (ak-ro-bis'-te-o-lith) [axpofivarla, the 
prepuce; \L9os, a stone]. A preputial calculus. 

acrobystitis {ak-ro-bis-ti'-tis). Inflammation of the 
prepuce. 

acrocarpous (ak-ro-kar'-pus) [axpov, extremity; 
Kapirfc, fruit]. In biology, fruiting at the tips, as 



acrocephalia (ak-ro-sef-a'-le-ah) [axpov, the sum- 
mit; KtQahii, the head]. Deformity of the head, the 
top of which is more or less pointed. 

acrocephalic, acrocephalous (ak-ro-sef'-al-ik, ak-ro- 
sef'-al-us). Characterized by or affected with acro- 
cephalia. 

acrocephaly (ak-ro-sef-al-e) [axpov, a point; /ce<£aXij, 
the head]. Same as acrocephalia. 

acrocheir (ak'-ro-kir) [axpov, point; x**P. hand]. 
The ends of the fingers considered together; the 
forearm and hand. 

acrochordon (ak-ro-kor'-dori) [axpoxopS&v, literally, 
the end of a catgut cord]. A pedunculated or pensile 
wart. Synonym of molluscum fibrosum. 

acrocinesis, acrocinetic. See akrokinesis, akrokinetic. 

acrocyanosis (ak-ro-si-an-o'-sis) [axpov, extremity; 
Kvavos, blue]. Blueness of the extremities due to 
vasomotor disturbance. 

acrodermatitis {ak-ro-der-mat-i'-tis) [axpov, ex- 
tremity; bkpixa, skin; it«, inflammation]. Inflamma- 
tion of the skin of an extremity, a., perstans, acro- 
dermatitis which constantly recurs. 

acrodigitalins (ak-ro-dij'-it-al-ins). Digitalis sub- 
stances which do not possess the general character- 
istics of glucosides. 



acrodynia, acrodyny (ak-ro-din'-e-ah, ak' -ro-din-e) 
[axpov, extremity; dduvrj, pain]. 1. Epidemic ery- 
thema; a disease closely allied to pellagra. Char- 
acterized mainly by pricking pains in the palm and 
soles, hyperesthesia followed by anesthesia of these 
parts, and an erythematous eruption, preceded by 
bullae, chiefly on hands and feet. Followed by 
exfoliation and dark-brown or black pigmentation. 
Syn., pedionalgia epidemica; erythema epidemicum. 
2. Clarus' term for a rheumatic disorder of the 
nerves. 

acroesthesia (ak-ro-es-the'-ze-ah) [axpos, extreme; 
axpov, extremity; alad-qo'is, sensation]. 1. Exag- 
gerated sensitiveness or sensibility. 2. Pain in the 
extremities. < 

acrokinesis (ak-ro-kin-e'-sis) [axpos, extreme; 
xivrjo-Ls, movement]. Abnormal freedom of action, 
as in certain cases of hysteria. 

acrokinetic (ak-ro-kin-et'-ik). Characterized by 
acrokinesis. 

acrolein (ak-ro'-le-iri) [acer, sharp; oleum, oil], 
C3H4O. Acrylic aldehyde. A colorless, mobile 
liquid, of pungent odor, derived from the decom- 
position of glycerol. 

acromania (ak-ro-ma'-ne-ah) [axpos, extreme; 
navia, madness]. Incurable insanity. 

acromastitis (ak-ro-mas-ti'-tis) [axpov, extremity; 
fiaa-rds, breast; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation 
of the nipple. 

acromastium (ak-ro-mas'-te-um) [axpov, extremity; 
naaros, breast]. The nipple. 

acromegalia (ak-ro-meg-a'-le-ah). See acromegaly. 

acromegaly (ak-ro-meg'-al-e). Abnormal develop- 
ment of the extremities associated with disease of 
the pituitary body or thyroid gland. Also known as 
Marie's disease. 

acromelalgia (ak-ro-mel-al'-je-ah). See erythro- 
melalgia. 

acromial (ak-ro'-me-al) [axpov, the summit, w/zos, 
the shoulder]. Relating to the acromion, a. process, 
the acromion. 

acromicria (ak-ro-mik'-re-ah) [axpov, extremity; 
Hixpos, small]. Abnormal smallness of the extremi- 
ties. A condition in which there is a reduction in 
the size of the nose, ears, and face, as well as hands 
and feet. 

acromioclavicular (ak-ro-me-o-kla-vik'-u-lar) [acro- 
mion; clavicle]. Relating to the acromion and the 
clavicle. 

acromiocoracoid (ak-ro-me-o-kor'-ak-oid). Pertain- 
ing to the acromion and the coracoid process. 

acromiohumeral (ak-ro-me-o-hu'-mer-al) [acromion; 
humerus]. Relating to the acromion and the hum- 
erus, a. muscle, the deltoid. 

acromion (ak-ro'-me-on) [axpov, the summit; 2>nos, 
the shoulder]. The triangular-shaped process at 
the summit of the scapula. 

acromiothoracic {ak-ro-me-o-tho-ras'-ik) [acromion; 
6u>pa£, thorax]. Relating to the shoulder and thorax. 

acromphalus (ak-rom'-fal-us) [axpov, point; 6/x<l>a\6s, 
the navel]. 1. The center of the umbilicus, to which 
the cord is attached. 2. The first stage of umbilical 
hernia, marked by a pouting of the navel. 3- The 
remains of the umbilical cord attached to the child. 

acromyle (ak-rom' -il-e) [axfov, point; niihn, patella]. 
The patella. _ 

acronarcotic (ak-ro-nar-kot'-ik) [acer, sharp; nar- 
cotic]. 1. Both acrid and narcotic. 2. An agent 
which combines an irritating and obtunding effect; 
acting directly upon the peripheral nerves when 
applied externally, or upon the brain and spinal cord, 
producing paralysis, convulsions, and narcosis. 

acroneurosis (ak-ro-nu-ro'-sis) [axpov, extremity; 
vevpov, a nerve]. Any neurosis manifesting itself 
in the extremities. 

acronychous (ak-ron'-ik-us) [6.Kp6w\os]. Having 
claws, nails, or hoofs; achronychous. 

acronyx (ak'-ro-niks) [axpov, extremity; 6™£, a 
nail]. Ingrowing of the nail. 

acroparalysis {ak-ro-par-al'-is-is) [axpov, extremity; 
■xapakvois, palsy]. Paralysis of the extremities. 

acroparesthesia (ak-ro-par-es-the'-ze-ah) [axpov, 
extremity; 7rapd, around; alo-e-qavs, sensation]. 1. Ab- 
normal or perverted sensation in the extremities. 
2. Extreme or confirmed paresthesia. 

acropathology (ak-ro-path-ol'-o-je) [axpov, ex- 
tremity; irados, disease; \6yos, treatise]. The path- 
ology of the extremities. 

acropathy (ak-rop'-a-the) [axpov, extremity; iraQos, 
disease]. Any disease of the extremities. 



ACROPHOBIA 



21 



ACTION 



acrophobia {ak-ro-fo'-be-ah) [aicpov, a height; <£6/Sos, 
fear]. Morbid dread of being at a great height. 

acroposthia (ak-ro-pos'-the-ah) [d/cpos, extreme; 
■n-oadr]. foreskin]. The distal part of the prepuce. 

acroposthitis (ak-ro-pos-thi'-tis) [d/cpos, extreme; 
iroo-Or), foreskin]. Inflammation of the prepuce. 
Posthitis. 

acrorrheuma (ak-ro-ru'-mah) [aicpov, an extremity; 
pevfia, a flux]. Rheumatism of the extremities. 

acroscleriasis (ak-ro-skle-ri'-as-is) [aicpov, extremity; 
o-kXtjpos, hard]. Sclerotic changes in the extremities. 

acroscleroderma (ak-ro-skler-o-der'-mah). See 
sclerodactylis. 

acrose (ak'-roz). A substance isolated from con- 
densation-products of glycerose (an oxidation- 
product of glycerol) and formaldehyde, forming the 
starting-point for the synthesis of fruit-sugar, grape- 
sugar, and mannose. 

acrosome (ak'-ro-som) [aicpov, extremity: o-&p.a, 
body]. A small body at the front part of the head 
of the spermatozoon. 

acrosphacelus {ak-ro-sfas'-el-us). Gangrene of the 
digits. 

Acrostichum (ak-ros'-tik-um) [aicpov, a. point; cn-i'xos, 
a line of writing]. A genus of ferns of the order 
Polypodiacece. A. aureum, a tropical species; the 
rhizome is used in decoction for dysentery and 
disease of the spleen. A salt prepared from the 
leaves is applied to ulcers. A. dichotomum, an 
Arabian species [medjabese or mejahoese]; the leaves 
are applied to burns. A. flavens, a South American 
species, used as a laxative. A. furcatum, an Austra- 
lian species having edible rhizomes. A. huacsaro, 
a Peruvian species. It is said to be sudorific and 
anthelmintic. A.sorbifolium, a West Indian species. 
The juice is mixed with oil, ginger, and pepper, and 
used as a cataplasm in sick headache. 

acrotarsium {ak-ro-tar'-se-um) [axpov, the summit; 
Taptros, the tarsus]. The instep. 

acroteria (ak-ro-te'-re-ah) [d/cpwn7pta]. The ex- 
tremities.^ 

acroteriasis (ak-ro-te-ri'-a-sis) [d/cpwr^pidXeij/, to 
cut off the extremities]. Mutilation by the loss of an 
extremity, especially a hand or foot. In teratology, 
the absence of such a part. 

acroteriasmus {ak-ro-te-ri-az' -mus) . Same as 
acroteriasis. 

acroteric (ak-ro-ter'-ik) [aKpcorhpia, the extremities]. 
Relating to the extremities; applied to conditions in 
which the extremities are most affected. 

acrothymion, or acrothymum (ak-ro-thi'-me-on, 
ak-ro-thi'-mum) [aicpov, summit; thyme], A rugose 
wart with a broad top. 

acrotic (ah-krot'-ik) [a, priv.; kpotos, a striking]. 
i. Any defective beating of the pulse; failure of the 
pulse. 2. [d/v-pos, extreme, outmost]. Relating to 
the glands of the skin; affecting the surface. 

acrotizm {ah' -krot-izm) . See acrotic (i). 

acrotrophoneurosis {ak-ro-trof-o-nu-ro'-sis) [aicpov, 
an extremity; rpocpr], nourishment; vevpov, nerve]. A 
trophic disturbance of the extremities of central 
origin. 

acrylaldehyde (ak-ril-al' -de-hid). See acrolein. 

act (akt) [agere, to put in motion]. The fulfilment 
of a purpose or function, a., imperative, the act of 
an insane person in response to an imperative morbid 
impulse, a., sexual, see coitus. 

Actaea (ak-te'-ah) [cucttj, the elder]. A genus of 
ranunculaceous plants having active medicinal 
qualities. A. alba, the white cohosh, has much the 
same qualities as A. spicata. A. cimicifuga and A. 
racemosa are more important. See cimicifuga. A. 
rubra, red cohosh, and A. spicata are purgative and 
emetic. 

actinic {ak-tin'-ik) [&ktls, a ray]. Those rays of 
the spectrum capable of producing chemical changes; 
found in the violet and ultraviolet parts. 

actinism (ak'-tin-izm) [AktIs, a ray]. i. The 
chemical quality of light, or of the sun's rays. 2. The 
radiation of heat or light, or that branch of science 
which treats of it. 

actinium (ak-tin'-e-um) [see actinic]. A radio- 
active substance, thought to be an element, found 
in pitchblende. 

actinobacillosis (ak-lin-o-bas-il-o'-sis) [6lktLs, ray; 
bacillus]. A disease of cattle and other domestic 
animals due to a bacillus which produces radiate 
structures in the affected tissues. 

actinobolia (ak-tin-o-bo'-le-ah) [d*cTii'o/3oXiu', to 
radiate]. 1. A term formerly used to express the 



process by which the impulses of the will are con- 
veyed to the different parts of the body. 2. Von 
Helmont's term for the phenomena now included 
under hypnotism. 

actinobolism, actinobolismus {ac-tin-ob'-o-lizm, 
ak-tin-ob-o-liz' -mus) . See actinobolia. 

actinocerate, actinocerous (ak-tin-os'-er-at, -us) 
[clktLs, a ray; /cepas, a horn]. Having horn-like 
processes radiately arranged. 

actinochemistry {ak-tin-o-kem' -is-tre) [oktU, a ray; 
xr?p.«a, chemistry]. Chemistry dealing with decom- 
position of substances by light. 

actinocongestin {ak-tin-o-kon-jes'-tin) . A sub- 
stance derived from the tentacles of Actinia; it con- 
sists of a toxin and a proteid and when injected into 
animals causes congestion of the viscera. 

actinodermatitis (ak-tin-o-der-mat-i'-tis) [d/crts, a 
ray; dermatitis]. Cutaneous lesions produced by 
application of the rontgen-rays. Syn., radioder- 
matitis. 

actinogram (ak-tin'-o-gram) [cucrls, a ray; ypafaiv, to 
write]. The record made by the actinograph. 
Skiagram. 

actinograph {ak-tin'-o-graf). An apparatus to 
measure the actinism of sunlight. Skiagraph. 

actinography. See actinology. 

actinology {ak-iin-oV -o-je) [olktIs, a ray; \6yos, a 
discourse]. 1. In biology, that kind of homological 
relation that exists between the successive segments, 
regions, or divisions of a part or organ, in that they 
radiate or spring from it. 2. The science of the 
chemical action of radiant light: actinography. 3. The 
part of zoology which treats of the radiata. 

actinolyte (ak-lin'-o-lit) [cucrls, a ray; \veiv, to 
loose]. An apparatus designed for use in actino- 
therapy. 

actinometer (ak-tin-om'-et-er) [cucrls, a ray; p.krpov, 
measure]. An apparatus for determining the in- 
tensity of actinic rays. 

actinomyces (ak-tin-om'-i-sez) [cucrls, a ray; hvktis, 
a fungus; pi., actinomycetes], A vegetable parasite, 
the cause of the disease actinomycosis. It is also 
called the ray-fungus. It probably belongs to the 
cladothrix group of schizomycetes. As seen in 
tissues it presents itself in the form of a roset of fine 
filaments clubbed at their outer ends; in the center 
are numerous coccus-like bodies, the spores of the 
organism. 

actinomycoma (ak-tin-o-mi-ko'-mah) [clktIs, a ray; 
plvks, a fungus; pi., actinomycomata], A tumor such 
as is characteristic of actinomycosis. 

actinomycosis (ak-tin-o-mi-ko'-sis) [d/cns, a ray; 
P-VKTJS, a fungus]. A parasitic, infectious, inoculable 
disease, first observed in cattle, and also occurring 
in man, and characterized by the manifestations of 
chronic inflammation, with or without suppuration, 
often resulting in the formation of granulation tumors, 
especially about the jaws. The disease is due to 
the presence of a parasite, the ray-fungus, or acti- 
nomyces. Syn., lumpy-jaw; holdfast; wooden tongue. 

actinomycotic (ak-tin-o-mi-kot'-ik). Pertaining to 
actinomycosis. 

actinotherapy (ak-tin-o-lher'-ap-e) [cucrls, a ray; 
depaireia, therapy]. The therapeutic use of actinic 
rays. 

action (ak'-shun) [agere, to do or perform]. A 
doing; a working; especially the performance of a 
function, a., after-, the brief persistence of negative 
variation of the electric current in a tetanized muscle. 
a.s, animal, voluntary movements, a. of arrest, 
see inhibition, a., automatic, see a., reflex, a., 
capillary, see attraction, capillary, a., catalytic, a., 
contact, see catalysis. a., chemical, see reaction. 
a., diastaltic, see a., reflex, a., electro-capillary, 
electric phenomena resulting from chemical reaction 
between dissimilar fluids connected by a capillary 
medium, a., inhibitory, see inhibition, a., local, the 
production of currents between different parts of the 
same cell of a galvanic battery, a.s, natural, the 
vegetative functions, a.s, pseudomotor, Heiden- 
hain's term for phenomena resulting from stimulation 
of the chorda tympani after section of the hypo- 
glossal nerve; movements due to vascular or lym- 
phatic engorgement, a., reflex, an involuntary 
movement of part of the body resulting from an 
impression carried by a sensory of afferent nerve to 
a center, and then sent back by an efferent nerve to 
the part, usually at or near the source of irritation. 
a., safety-valve, the incomplete closure of the. tri- 
cuspid valve, especially in cases of resistance in the 



ACTIVATE 



22 



ADAMS'S OPERATION 



pulmonary circulation, a., sexual, functioning of 
the generative apparatus, a.s, vital, those essential 
to the continuance of vitality, as of the heart and 
lungs. 

activate (ak'-liv-at). To render active. 

activation (ak-tiv-a'-shun). The process of acti- 
vating. 

activator (ak'-tiv-a-lor). I. An agent which 
renders active some other chemical agent such as 
an enzyme. Also known as kinase, or coenzyme in 
the case of ferments. The term is generally applied 
to biochemical reactions. 2. The internal secretion 
of the pancreas. 

active (ak'-tiv) [see action]. 1. Energetic; decisive; 
as active treatment. 2. Due to an intrinsic force as 
distinguished from passive — e. g., active hyperemia. 
a., optically, possessing optic rotatory power. 

activity (ak-tiv'-it-e) [agere, to do or perform]. 
Capacity for acting; sensibility; vitality; potency; 
energy, a., optic, the property of certain chemical 
molecules to rotate the plane of polarization, due 
to the presence of one or several asymmetric carbon 
atoms in the molecule of every optically active body. 
Cf. rotatory power, a., sense of muscular, see muscu- 
lar sense, under muscular. 

actol (ak'-iol). Trade name for silver lactate. 

actual (ak'-chu-al) [agere, to do or perform]. Real; 
effective, a. cautery, see cautery. 

actuation (ak-chu-a'-shun). The mental function 
that is exercised between the impulse of volition and 
its performance. 

acuclosure (ak-u-klo'-zhur) [acus, a needle ; claudere, 
to close]. A method of arresting hemorrhage by the 
aid of a needle which holds the artery closed for a 
day. It embraces acupressure and acutorsion. 

acuductor (ak-u-duk'-tor) [acus, a needle; ducere, 
to lead]. A needle carrier. 

acufilopressure (ak-u-fi'-lo-pres-ur) [acus, needle; 
filum, a thread; pressure]. A combination of acu- 
pressure and ligation. 

acuition (ak-u-ish'-un) [acuere, to sharpen]. 
Increased effect of a drug's action by the addition 
of another drug. 

acuity (ak-u'-it-e) [see acuition]. Acuteness or 
clearness, as acuity of vision. 

aculeate (ak-u'-le-at) [aculeus, a sting, prickle]. 
In botany, armed with prickles, i. e., aculei; as the 
rose and brier. In biology, having a sting. 

acumeter (ak-u'-me-ier). An instrument for testing 
hearing. See acoumeter. 

acuminate (ak-u'-min-at) [acuminatus, pointed; 
acute] . Sharp-pointed . 

acupression, acupressure (ak-u-presh'-un, ak'-u- 
presh-ur) [acus, a needle; pressura, pressure]. The 
operation to stop hemorrhage by compressing the 
artery with a needle inserted into the tissues upon 
either side. 

acupuncture (ak'-u-punk-chur) [acus, a needle; 
pungere, to prick]. Puncture of the skin or tissue 
by one or more needles for the relief of pain, the exit 
of fluid, the coagulation of blood in an aneurysm, etc. 

acus (a'-kus) [L.]. A (surgical) needle. 

acusia (ah-koo'-ze-ah). See acousia (2). 

acusimeter, acusiometer (ah-koo-sim'-et-er, ah-koo- 
se-om'-et-er). Same as acoumeter. 

acustica (ah-koos'-tik-ah). See acoustics. 

acusticus (ah-koo'-stik-us) [L.]. The auditory, or 
eighth cranial, nerve. 

acute (ak-uf) [acutus, sharp]. Having a rapid 
onset, a short course, and pronounced symptoms 
and termination. Sharp, severe. 

acute naculum (ak-u-ten-ak'-u-lum) [acus, a needle; 
tenaculum pi., acutenacula]. A needle-holder. 

acuteness {ak-uf -nes) [acutus, sharp]. The quality 
of being acute, rapid or sharp. Referring to vision, 
used as a synonym of keenness or acuity. 

acuticostal (ak-ut-i-kos'-tal) [acutus, sharp; costa, 
a rib]. Having projecting ribs. 

acutorsion (ak-u-tor'-shun) [acus, a needle; torsion]. 
The twisting of an artery with a needle as a means 
of controlling hemorrhage. 

acyanoblepsia (ah-si-an-o-blep'-se-ah) [&, priv.; 
Kbavos, blue; (SKkireiv, to look. Same as acy anopsia. 

acyanobleptic (ah-si-an-o-blep'-tik). Affected with 
or pertaining to acyanoblepsia. 

acyanopsia (ah-si-an-op' -se-ah) [&, priv.; nvavos, 
blue; 6\pis, sight]. Inability to distinguish blue 
colors. 

acyclia (ah-sik'-le-ah) [6., priv.; icvicXeZv, to circu- 
late]. Arrested circulation of body-fluids. 



acyclic (ah-sik'-lik) [&, priv.; kvk\i.k6s, circular]. 
1. In botany, not whorled. 2. Not characterized by 
a self-limited course. Cf. Cyclic. 3. In chemistry, 
aliphatic, having the structure of the open chain 
compounds. 

acyesis (ah-si-e' -sis) [a, priv.; kvt)<tk, pregnancy]. 
1. Sterility of the female. 2. Non-pregnancy. 3. 
Incapacity for natural delivery. Syn., aciesis. 

acyeterion (ah-si-et-e' -re-on) [see acyesis]. An 
agent to prevent conception. 

acyetic {ah-si-et'-ik) [&, priv.; [icvri<ns, pregnancy]. 
Relating to acyesis. 

acyl (as'-il). An acid organic radical derived 
from an organic acid by the removal of a hydroxyl 
group (OH). 

acyoblepsia (as-i-o-blep'-se-ah). Same as acyano- 
blepsia. 

acystia {ah-sis'-te-ah) [a, priv.; kwttis, bladder]. 
Absence of the bladder. 

acystinervia (ah-sis-tin-er' -ve-ah) [&, priv.; kwttis, 
bladder; nervus, a nerve]. Paralysis or lack of nerve 
stimulus in the bladder. 

acystonervia, acystoneuria (ah-sis-to-nur' -ve-ah, 
-nu'-re-ah). See acystinervia. 

a.d. Abbreviation for Latin auris dextra, right ear. 

ad [ad, to]. A Latin preposition signifying to, 
toward, at, etc. ; as, ad libitum, at pleasure or according 
to discretion. 

ad., or add. A contraction of adde, or additur, 
meaning, add, or let there be added; used in pre- 
scription writing. 

adacrya {ah-dak'-re-ah) [6., priv.; SSucpvov, tear]. 
Absence or deficiency of the secretion of tears. 

adactyl (ah-dak'-til) [A, priv.; 8oktv\os, digit]. 
1. Without fingers or without toes. 2. A mon- 
strosity that has an absence of digits. 

adactylia (ah-dak-til'-e-ah) [&, priv.; S&ktvXos, a 
finger]. Absence of the digits. 

adactylism (ah-dak'-til-izm) [&, priv.; 8&ktv\os, a 
finger]. The absence of the digits. 

adactylous (ah-dak'-til-us), see adactylism. 

adalin (ad'-al-in). A proprietary preparation 
used as a sedative and hypnotic. It is said to be 
bromodiethylacetyl urea. 

adamantin {ad-am-an' -tin) [&8&.fias, adamant]. 
Pertaining to adamant, a. cement, a substance 
used for filling teeth, consisting of finely powdered 
silex or pumice stone mixed with an amalgam of 
mercury and silver. See amalgam, a. substance, 
the enamel of the teeth. 

adamantinoma (ad-am-an-tin-o' '-mah) [&§apas, ad- 
amant; 6/ia, tumor]. An epithelial tumor re- 
sembling in structure the enamel organ of a developing 
tooth. 

adamantoblast (ad-am-an'-to-blasf). An enamel- 
cell; a columnar epithelial cell from which the enamel 
of the teeth is developed. Ameloblast. 

Adamkiewicz, demilune cells of (ad-ahm'-ke-a-vils) 
[Albert Adamkiewicz, Austrian pathologist, 1850- 
]. A peculiar form of nerve-corpuscle lying 
below the neurilemma of medullated nerve-fibers; 
it is stained yellow by safranin. A.'s reaction for 
proteins. To a mixture of one volume concentrated 
sulphuric acid and two volumes glacial acetic acid 
add the protein. At the ordinary temperature a 
reddish-violet color is obtained slowly but more 
quickly on heating. The liquid has also a feeble 
fluorescence, and gives an absorption band between 
the lines B and F in the solar spectrum. 

adamon (ad'-am-on). A preparation used as a 
substitute for valerian; it is a sedative. 

Adams's operation (Sir William Adams, English 
surgeon, 1760-1829: William Adams, English surgeon, 
1820- ]. Osteotomy for ankylosis of the hip-joint, 
the neck of the femur being divided subcutaneously, 
within the capsule. 2. Corectopy; the iris is drawn 
into a small, corneal incision, in order to change the 
position to the natural pupil. 3. For deviated nasal 
septum; the bent cartilaginous septum is forcibly 
straightened by means of special flat, parallel-bladed 
forceps. 4. For Dupuytren's contraction, when the 
bands extend far down the sides of the finger. It 
consists in multiple subcutaneous section of the pal- 
mar fascia from without inward. 5. For ectropion; 
a triangular wedge is removed from the whole 
thickness of the lower lid, and the edges are united 
by sutures. 6. Iliac colotomy; a modification of 
Cripps' operation, in which a vertical incision is 
made external to the epigastric artery. 7. For 
prolapsus uteri, see Alexander's operation. 



ADAM'S APPLE 



23 



ADENO- 



Adam's apple. See Potnum adami. 

Adams-Stokes syndrome or disease [Robert 
Adams, Scotch physician, 1794-1861; William Stokes, 
Irish physician, 1804-1878]. A symptom-complex 
consisting of bradycardia in association with epilepti- 
form or apoplectiform seizures. Heart-block is often 
present. 

Adams's disease. See Adams-Stokes' disease. 

Adansonia digitata {ad-an-so' -ne-ah dij-it-a'-tah) 
[Michel Adanson, French naturalist, 1727-1806]. 
The baobab-tree, a native of Africa. The bark is 
used in the form of an infusion, 1 oz. to I pint, as a 
remedy for intermittent fever. 

adansonine {ad-an'-so-nin). A febrifugal alkaloid 
from the leaves and bark of Adansonia digitato. 

adanto blaka. A malady common among the 
negroes of the Gold Coast and of frequent preva- 
lence in the tropic zone; it is due to an animal 
parasite. 

adaptation {ad-ap-ia'-shon) [adaptor e, to adjust]. 
In biology, favorable organic modifications suiting a 
plant or animal to its environment, a. of the retina, 
the faculty possessed by the retina of accommodating 
the power of vision to a diminished amount of light, 
as in a darkened room. 

adapter {ad-ap'-ter) [adaptare, to adjust]. 1. Any- 
thing which serves the purpose of fitting one thing to 
another. An instrument by means of which the 
direct electric current may be adapted to the various 
forms of electrotherapeutic treatment. 2. A piece 
of tubing used to connect the neck of a retort with 
a receiver. 3. A microscope attachment for center- 
ing or decentering the illuminating apparatus. 
4. A collar used to fit an objective to a different nose- 
piece than that for which it was made. 

adarticulation {ad-ar-tik-u-W -shun) [ad, to; articu- 
latio, a jointing]. See arthrodia. 

adde {ad'-e) [imperative sing- of addere, to add]. 
Add; a direction used in prescription writing. 

ad deliq. Abbreviation of ad deliquium [L.]. To 
the point of fainting. 

addephagia (ad-e-fa'-je-ah) [L.]. See bulimia. 

addiment {ad'-im-ent) \addere, to add]. Ehrlich's 
and Morgenroth's term (1899) for an active thermola- 
bile substance (destroyed by a temperature of 56 C.) 
contained in normal serum and capable of rendering 
active the immune body of Ehrlich and setting up 
bacteriolysis and hemolysis. See complement. 

addimentary (ad-im-ent'-ar-e). Pertaining to addi- 
ment. 

Addison's anemia [Thomas Addison, English 
physician, 1793-1860]. Pernicious anemia. A.'s 
disease, a disease of the suprarenal capsules, first 
described by Addison, and characterized by tuber- 
culous infiltration of the capsules, discoloration of 
the skin, progressive anemia, and asthenia, ending in 
death from exhaustion. Bronzed skin may occur 
without disease of the suprarenal capsules, and the 
latter have been the seat of morbid processes without 
an accompanying change in the skin. Syn., melasma 
suprarenale; dermatomelasma suprarenale; cutis area; 
bronzed skin. A.'s keloid, morphea. A.'s pill, 
Guy's pill. 

additamentum {ad-it-am-en' -turn) [L.]. Any appen- 
dix, as an epiphysis, a. ad sacrolumbalem, see 
muscles, a. coli, the appendix vermiformis. a. 
necatum, the olecranon, a. suturae lambdoidalis, 
the occipitomastoid suture, a. ulnae, the radius. 
a. uncatum ulnae, the olecranon. 

addition {ad-ish'-un) [addere, to add]. The 
formation of a molecule by the direct union of two 
or more different molecules without decomposition. 
a. compound, see under compound, a. product, see 
under product, a. reaction, see under reaction. 

adducens {ad-du'-senz) [adducere, to bring toward]. 
An adductor, a term applied to certain muscles. 
a. oculi, the internal rectus muscle of the eye. 

adducent {ad-du' -sent) [see adducens]. Performing 
adduction. 

adduct {ad-ukt') [adducere, to bring forward]. To 
draw toward the median line of a body. 

adduction {ad-uk'-shun) [see adducens]. Any 
movement whereby a part is brought toward another 
or toward the median line of the body. 

adductor (ad-duk'-tor) [adducere, to bring forward]. 
Any muscle effecting adduction, a. brevis, hallucis, 
longus, magnus, minimus, obliquus hallucis, obliquus 
pollicis, transversus hallucis, transversus pollicis; 
see muscles, table of. 

adelodermatous, adelodermous (ad-el-o-der'-mat- 



us, ad-el-o-der'-mus) [0577X05, not seen; &kpp.a, skin]. 
Having concealed integument, as invaginated tracts. 

adelomorphous {ad-el-o-mor'-fus) [aSrjXos, not seen; 
fioptjjrj, form]. Not clearly defined; applied to certain 
cells in the gastric glands. 

adelphia {ad-el'-fe-ah). A form of monstrosity 
characterized by the union of two organisms above, 
the lower portions being separated. 

adelphotaxy (ad-el-fo-taks'-e) [a8e\<f>6s, brother- 
hood; Taxraeiv, to arrange]. The tendency of motile 
cells to arrange themselves into definite positions. 

ademonia (ad-e-mo'-ne-ah) [a, priv.; 8r)noi>la, 
trouble, distress]. Mental distress. 

ademosyne (ad-e-mos'-in-e) [aSruxoavvr], trouble, 
distress]. Depression of spirits; home-sickness. 

aden {a' -den) [adfy, an acorn, a gland]. A gland; 
a bubo. 

adenalgia {ad-en-aV -je-ah) [aden; aXyos, pain]. 
Glandular pain. 

adenase (ad'-en-as). An enzyme which converts 
adenin to hypoxanthin. 

adenasthenia {ad-en-as-the' -ne-ah) [aden; a.<rQkvtia, 
weakness]. 1. Functional weakness of a gland. 
2. A disorder of the stomach characterized by 
diminished and enfeebled secretion without anatomic 
lesion, a. gastrica, see adenasthenia (2). 

adendric {ah-den'-drik) [a, priv.; devdpov, tree]. 
Unprovided with dendrons. 

adendritic (ah-den-drit'-ik) [a, priv.; bkvdpov, tree]. 
Without dendrites. 

adenectomy (ad-en-ek'-to-me) [aden; inTop.ii, ex- 
cision]. The excision of a gland. 

adenectopia (ad-en-ek-to'-pe-ah) [aden; €ktottos, 
away from a place]. A condition in which the 
gland does not occupy its proper position. 

adenectopic (ad-en-ek-top'-ik). Pertaining to 
adenectopia. 

adenemphratic {ad-en-em-frat'-ik). Pertaining to 
adenemphraxis. _ 

adenemphraxis {ad-en-em-fraks'-is) [aden; epuppaZio; 
a stoppage]. . Glandular obstruction. 

Aden fever. See dengue. A. ulcer. See phagedena 
tropica. 

adenia {ad-e' -ne-ah) [aden]. A hyperplasia of the 
tissue of lymphatic glands leading to the formation 
of tumors. See lymphadenoma. a.s, angibromic, 
Piorry's term for diseases of the glandular adnexa of 
the digestive tract, a., leukemic, adenia associated 
with a leukemic condition of the blood, a., simple, 
that form which is unaccompanied by any increase 
in the number of the white blood-corpuscles. A 
synonym of Hodgkin's disease. 

adenic {ad-en' -ik) [aden]. Relating to or of the 
nature of a gland. 

adeniform {ad-en' -e-f or m) [aden; forma, resem- 
blance]. Shaped like a gland. 

adenin {ad'-en-in). See adenine. 

adenine {ad' -en-en) [aden], C5H5N5. 6 amino- 
purin. The simplest member of the uric-acid group 
of leukomaines, apparently formed by polymerization 
of hydrocyanic acid, first discovered in the pancreas. 
It occurs, with other bases, as a decomposition- 
product of nuclein, and may be obtained from all 
animal and vegetable tissues rich in nucleated cells. 
It crystallizes in leaflets with pearly luster. It exists 
abundantly in the liver and urine of leukocythemic 
patients. Adenine is not poisonous. 

adeninehy poxanthine {ad-en-en-hi-po-zanth '-en) . 
C5H5N5+C5H4N4O. A compound of adenine and 
hypoxanthine first observed by Kossel and isolated 
by Bruhns, occurring in thick, starch-like, semi- 
transparent masses, becoming white and chalky. 

adenitis {ad-en-i'-tis) [aden; vrts, inflammation]. 
Inflammation of a gland. Syn., phlegmasia adenosa; 
phlegmasia glandulosa. a. cervicalis syphilitica, an 
engorgement of the cervical lymphatic glands; a 
sign of syphilitic infection, a. cubitalis, Griinfeld's 
term for inflammation of the epitrochlear lymphatic 
gland, a. hyperplastica, Griinfeld's term for a bubo 
in which plastic exudation predominates, a. pubica, 
bubo of the public region, often accompanied by 
suppurative lymphangitis of the dorsum of the penis. 
a., syphilitic, primitive, see bubo, syphilitic, a. 
universalis, a widespread induration of the lymphatic 
glands accompanying primary syphilis. 

adenization {ad-en-i-za' -shun) [aden]. 1. The 
assuming of a glandular appearance. 2. Adenoid 
degeneration. 

adeno- [aSr/v, a gland]. A prefix denoting relation 
to glands. 



ADENOBLAST 



24 



ADENOSARCOMA 



adenoblast (ad'-en-o-blasf) [adeno-; /SXao-ros, a 
germ], i. Any functionally active gland-cell; a 
cell that assists in the glandular action. 2. Haeckel's 
name for an embryonic cell which forms a gland. 

adenocarcinoma (ad-en-o-kar-sin-o'-mah) [adeno-; 
carcinoma]. Adenoma blended with carcinoma. 

adenocele (ad'-en-o-sel [adeno-; k^Xtj, a tumor]. 
A cystic tumor containing adenomatous elements. 
See adenoma. 

adenocellulitis {ad-en-o-sel-u-W -lis) [adeno-; cellu- 
litis]. Inflammation of a gland and the surrounding 
cellular tissue. 

adenochirapsology (ad-en-o-ki-rap-sol'-o-je) [aden; 
X«'p. hand; a-wTeiv, to touch; X670S, treatise]. The 
obsolete doctrine of the healing of scrofula by the 
touch of a king's hand. 

adenochondroma (ad-en-o-kon-dro'-mah) [aden; 
xbvbpos, cartilage: pi., adenochondromata]. A tumor 
consisting of both glandular and cartilaginous tissue. 

adenocyst (ad'-en-o-sist) [adeno-; kxxttis, a cyst]. 
A cystic lymphatic gland; a glandular cyst. Cf. 
adenocystoma. 

adenocystoma (ad-en-o-sis-to'-mah) [adeno-; kxxttis, 
a cyst; opa, a tumor]. A cystic adenoma. 

adenodermia (ad-en-o-dur' -me-ah) [aden; 5epp.a, 
skin]. Disease of the glands of the skin. 

adenodiastasis (ad-en-o-di-as'-tas-is) [aden; 8ia<r- 
Tcuris, separation]. 1. Displacement of a gland. 
2. Abnormal separation of a gland into distinct 
parts. 

adenodynia (ad-en-o-din'-e-ah) [aden; oSvvrj, pain]. 
See adenalgia. 

adenofibroma (ad-en-o-fi-bro'-mah) [adeno-; fibroma]. 
A combination of adenoma and fibroma. 

adenofibrosis (ad-en-o-fi-bro'-sis) [adeno-; fibrosis]. 
Fibroid degeneration of a gland, particularly the 
inflammatory neoplasms involving sudoriparous 
glands, due to infection with Botryomyces. Cf. 
botryomycosis. _ 

adenogenesis (ad-en-o-jen'-es-is) [adeno-; ykvtais, 
a creation]. The development of a gland. 

adenographer (ad-en-og'-ra-fur). A writer on 
glands. 

adenography (ad-en-og'-ra-fe) [adeno-; ypafciv, to 
write]. 1. That part of descriptive anatomy which 
treats of the glandular system. 2. A treatise on 
glands and the glandular system. 

adenohypersthenia (ad-en-o-hi-per-sthe'-ne-ah) [ad- 
eno-; v-wkp, over; adkvos, strength]. Excessive activity 
of the glands, a. gastrica, a condition characterized 
by the secretion of gastric juice abnormally rich 
in hydrochloric acid or excessive in quantity. 

adenoid (ad'-en-oid) [adeno-; elSos, resemblance]. 

1. Resembling a gland. 2. In the plural, the same 
as adenoid vegetations, a. acne, see lupus, dissemi- 
nated follicular, a. body. 1. The prostate gland. 

2. A melanotic tumor, a. disease, synonym of 
Hodgkin's disease, a. muscle, see thyroadenoideus 
under muscle, a. tissue, lymphadenoid tissue. 
a. tumor, see adenoma, a. vegetations, a term applied 
to a hypertrophy of the adenoid tissue that normally 
exists in the nasopharynx. 

adenoidectomy (ad-en-oi-dek'-to-me) [adenoid; 
enronri, excision]. An operation for the removal of 
adenoids. 

adenoids. See adenoid vegetations. 

adenolipoma (ad-en-o-lip-o'-mah) [adeno-; lipoma]. 
A combination of adenoma and lipoma. 

adenolipomatosis (ad-en-o-lip-o-mat-o'-sis) [adenoli- 
poma]. A diseased condition of the lymphatic system 
characterized by fatty deposits in the neighborhood 
of the neck, axilla?, and groins. It is generally 
unattended with pain. Syn., multiple lipomata. 

adenologaditis (ad-en-o-log-ad-i'-tis) [adeno-; Xo- 
yades, whites of the eyes; ms, inflammation]. 
1. Ophthalmia neonatorum. 2. Inflammation of 
the glands and conjunctiva of the eyes. 

adenology (ad-en-ol'-o-je) [adeno-; X670S, a dis- 
course]. The science of or a treatise on the glandular 
system. 

adenolymphocele (ad-en-o-limf -o-sel) [adeno-; 
lymph; ich\ri, tumor]. Dilatation of the lymph- 
vessels and enlargement of the lymphatic glands. 

adenolymphoma (ad-en-o-lim-fo'-mah) [adeno-; lym- 
phoma]. A combined adenoma and lymphoma. 
See lymphadenoma. 

adenom (ad'-en-om). A preparation used as a 
genitourinary sedative and anaphrodisiac. 

adenoma (ad-en-o'-mah) [adeno-; 6pa, a tumor: pi., 
adenomata]. 1. An epithelial tumor constructed after 



the type of a secreting gland. 2. Any tumor which 
has as its characteristic feature tubes or spaces lined 
with epithelium, whether or not it arises from or is 
connected with a gland, a. carcinomatodes renis, a 
renal neoplasm probably derived from aberrant 
adrenal tissue in the kidney, a. destruens, a de- 
structive form of adenoma, a. diffusum, hyper- 
plasia of the mucous membrane with predominance 
of glandular elements, a. fibrosum, a fibrous growth 
in the stroma of a gland, a., heteropodous, one 
arising from the metastasis of normal glandular 
tissue, a., lupiform, see lupus erythematosus, a., 
malignant, an adenomatous carcinoma, a., papil- 
lary, a. papilliferum, a form arising from either the 
alveolar or the tubular adenoma through stronger 
growth of the epithelium and the formation of 
papilla? of connective tissue, a., racemose, an 
adenoma after the type of a racemose gland, a., 
renal, glandular carcinoma of the kidney, a. seba- 
ceum, a fatty tumor of the face composed of sebaceous 
glands, a. simplex, a tumor-like hyperplasia of a 
gland, a. sudoriparum, a cutaneous tumor involving 
hyperplasia of the sweat-glands. Cf. hidrosadenitis. 
a., tubular, an adenoma after the type of a tubular 
gland, a., umbilical, a tumor at the navel originating 
through the coalescence of Meckel's diverticulum 
with the umbilical ring, through which the intestinal 
mucosa appears in the navel. Syn., intestinal 
ectropia. 

adenomalacia (ad-en-o-mal-a'-she-ah) [adeno-; fia- 
\ada, softening]. Abnormal softening of a gland. 

adenomatome (ad-en-o'-mat-om) [adenoma; Top.ii, 
a cutting]. Cutting forceps or scissors for use in the 
removal of adenomatous growths. 

adenomatosis (ad-en-o-mat-o'-sis). A condition 
characterized by diffuse overgrowth of glandular 
tissue. 

adenomatous (ad-en-o'-mat-us). Pertaining to an 
adenoma; characteristic of glandular hyperplasia. 

adenomeningeal (ad-en-o-men-in'-je-al) [adeno-; 
Mfi-y^ a membrane]. Pertaining to or affecting the 
glands of a membrane. 

adenomesenteritis (ad-en-o-mes-en-ter-i'-tis) [ade- 
no-; mesentery; trts, inflammation]. Inflammation 
of the mesenteric glands. 

adenomyoma (ad-en-o-mi-o'-mah) [adeno-; p.vs, a 
muscle; 6p.a, a tumor: pi., adenomyomata], A tumor 
composed of glandular and muscular tissues, a., 
branchiogenic, cyst-formation in consequence of in- 
flammation of the mucous bursa in the median line 
of the neck. 

adenomyxoma (ad-en-o-miks-o'-mah) [adeno-; pv%a, 
mucus; 6p.a, a tumor]. A growth having the char- 
acters of adenoma and myxoma. 

adenomyxosarcoma (ad-en-o-miks'-o-sar-ko-mah) . 
A rare combination of malignant tumor forms 
(observed in the cervix uteri); a primary adenoma 
with secondary sarcoma and finally myxomatous 
degeneration of the stromas. 

adenoncosis {ad-en-on-ko'-sis) [adeno-; 67/0001$, 
swelling]. The enlargement of a gland. 

adenoncus (ad-en-ong'-kus) [adeno-; ojkos, a mass]. 
A glandular tumor. 

adenopathy, adenopathia (ad-en-op' '-a-the, ad-en-o- 
pa'-the-ah) [adeno-; iraBos, disease]. Any disease of a 
gland, a., angiobromic, see adenias, angibromic. 
a., primary, the lymphadenitis resulting from primary 
syphilitic infection, a., syphilitic, the enlarged and 
indurated cervical, inguinal, and cubital glands 
symptomatic of syphilitic infection, a., tracheo- 
bronchial, a., tracheobronchic, hypertrophy of the 
peribronchial lymphatic glands observed in the 
course of various diseases, causing spasmodic cough. 
a., tracheolaryngeal, inflammation and hypertrophy 
of the tracheolaryngeal lymphatic glands. 

adenopharyngeal (ad-en-o-far-in'-je-al) [adeno-; 
4>a.pvy£, pharynx]. Pertaining to the thyroid gland 
and the pharynx. # 

adenopharyngitis (ad-en-o-far-in-ji'-tis) [adeno-; 
<t>&pvyi-, pharynx; itis, inflammation]. Inflammation 
of the tonsils and pharynx. 

adenophlegmon (ad-en-o-fleg'-mon) [adeno-; <j>\ky- 
p.oi>T), inflammation]. Suppurative inflammation of a 
gland. Phlegmonous lymphadenitis. 

adenophthalrnia (ad-en-of -thai' -me-ah) [adeno-; 
6<t>6a\p.6s, the eye]. Inflammation of the Meibomian 
glands. 

adenophyma (ad-e-no-fi'-ma) [adeno-; <f>vpa, a tumor 
or growth]. A soft swelling of a gland. 
, adenosarcoma (ad-en-o-sar-ko'-mah) [adeno-; sar- 



ADENOSARCORHABDOMYOMA 



25 



ADIPOSITAS 



coma]. A tumor with the characters of adenoma 
and sarcoma combined. 

adenosarcorhabdomyoma (ad-en-o-sar-ko-rab-do- 
mi-o'-mah). A neoplasm composed of the elements 
of sarcoma, adenoma, and rhabdomyoma. 

adenoscirrhus (ad-en-o-skir' -us) [adeno-; scirrhus]. 
Adenoma with scirrhous or carcinomatous elements. 

adenosclerosis (ad-en-o-skle-ro'-sis) [adeno-; o-kXtj- 
p6s, hard]. A hardening of a gland, with or without 
swelling. 

adenose (ad'-en-os) [aSrjv, gland]. Glandular; 
abounding in glands; gland-like. 

adenosis {ad-en-o' -sis) [adijv, a gland]. i. Any 
glandular disease. 2. Any chronic glandular dis- 
order, a. scrofulosa, see scrofula. 

adenosynchitoniris (ad-en-o-sin-ki-ton-i'-tis) [ade- 
no-; abv, with; xltoiv, a covering; ins, inflammation], 
i. Inflammation of the Meibomian glands. 2. Oph- 
thalmia neonatorum. 

adenotome (ad'-en-o-tom) [adeno-; roy.ii, a cutting]. 
An instrument for incising a gland or for removing 
adenoids. 

adenotomy (ad-en-ot'-o-me) [adeno-; rop-h, a cut- 
ting]. The anatomy of the glands; dissection or 
incision or removal of a gland. 

adenous (ad'-en-us) [aoijv, gland]. See adenose. 

adenyl (ad'-en-il). The radical, C5H4N4, contained 
in adenin. 

adephagia (ad-e-fa'-je-ah) [aSr)<payos, eating one's 
fill; gluttonous]. Voracious appetite; bulimia. 

adeps (ad'-eps) [L.; gen., adipis]. 1. Lard. The 
fat obtained from the abdomen of the hog, composed 
of 38 % stearin and margarin and 62 % olein. It 
forms 70 % of ceratum and 80 % of unguentum. 
2. Fatness. 3. Animal fat. a. anserinus, a. anseris, 
goose-grease, a. benzoinatus (U. S. P.), benzoinated 
lard; contains 2 % of benzoin, a. curatus, a prepara- 
tion of lard, 48 parts, and 1 part of Peruvian balsam. 
a. ex fele, cat's grease, a. lana? (U. S. P.), lanolin. 
a. lanae hydrosus (U. S. P.), hydrous wool-fat, the 
purified fat of the wool of the sheep, a. ovillus, 
a. ovis, mutton suet. A fixed oil (oleum adipis) is 
expressed from lard. a. praeparatus (B. P.), purified 
fat of the hog. a. suillus, hog's lard; adeps. 

adepsin (ad-ep'-sin) [adeps, lard]. A petrolatum 
much like vaselin. 

adermia (ah-der'-me-ah) [a, priv.; Sepua, skin]. 
Absence or defect of the skin. 

adermogenesis (ah-der-mo-jen'-es-is) [a, priv.; 
Skpfia, skin; yb>cais, generation]. Deficient cutaneous 
development. 

adermotrophia (ah-der-mo-tro'-fe-ah) [a, priv.; 
Sepfia, skin; Tpo<pi], nutrition]. Atrophy of the skin. 

adesmosis (ah-des-mo'-sis) [a, priv.; Seo-p^s, a 
band]. Atrophy of the cutaneous connective tissue. 

adgenic, adgenicus (ad-jen'-ik, ad-jen'-ik-us) [ad, 
to; gena, the chin]. Attached to the genial tubercles 
or apophyses. 

Adhatoda (ad-ha-to'-da) [from the Tamil name]. 
A genus of plants of the order Acanthacea. A. hys- 
sopifolia, a species native of South Africa; the willow- 
leaved Malabar nut; bitter, aromatic. A. vasica, a 
species native of tropical Asia; the Malabar nut. 
The juice of the leaves is used as an expectorant. 
The leaves, flowers, and root are considered antispas- 
modic and are given in asthma, intermittent fever, 
and rheumatism. The fresh flowers are bound over 
the eyes in cases of ophthalmia. In decoction the 
leaves with other remedies are used as an anthel- 
mintic. The nut is emmenagogue and used to expel 
the dead fetus. 

adhesion (ad-he'-zhun) [adhcerere, to stick to]. 
1. The attractive force between two dissimilar bodies 
that are in contact. 2. Abnormal union of two 
surfaces as a result of inflammation, etc. a., primary, 
called also healing by first intention and by immediate 
union, a method of healing of wounds by the pro- 
duction of lymph, followed by the vascularization and 
cicatrization of the exudate, a., secondary, or 
healing by second intention, or by granulation, is that 
mode of healing attended by the production of pus 
and the formation of granulations. 

adhesive (ad-he'-siv) [see adhesion}. 1. Sticky; 
tenacious. 2. Resulting in or attended with ad- 
hesion, a. inflammation, inflammation accom- 
panied by plastic exudation, and tending to the 
union of apposed surfaces, a. plaster, resin plaster, 
see resin and emplastrum. 

adhesol (ad-he' -sol). A surgical dressing said to 
contain copal resin, 350 parts; benzoin, 30 parts; 
2 



oil of thyme, 20 parts; alphanaphthol, 3 parts; tolu 
balsam, 30 parts; ether, 1000 parts. 

adhyoid (ad-hi'-oid). Adherent to the hyoid bone. 

adiadochokinesis (ah-di-ad-o-ko-kin-e'-sis) [a, priv. ; 
SiaSoxos, succeeding]. '.Inability to perform rapidly 
alternating movements, such as pronation and 
supination. 

Adiantum (ad-e-an' -turn) [a, priv.; Siavros, capable 
of being wetted]. A genus of ferns: the maiden-hair. 
A. capillus-veneris and A. pedatum, of North America, 
are serviceable in coughs and as demulcents. 

adiaphoresis (ah-di-af-o-re'-sis) [a, priv.; oiatpo- 
pevew, to perspire]. Deficient sweat. 

adiaphoretic (ah-di-af-o-ret'-ik) [a, priv.; 5ia<j>o- 
peveiv, to perspire]. Reducing the sweat; anidrotic. 

adiaphorous (ad-i-af'-or-us) [aSia<popos, indifferent]. 
Neutral; inert; doing neither harm nor good. 

adiapneustia (ah-di-ap-nus' -te-ah) [a, priv.; 5iox- 
vevo-Tkeiv, to perspire]. A stoppage of perspiration. 

adiarthrotos (ah-di-ar-thro'-tos) [dSiapOpuros, not 
jointed]. 1. Without joints; unjointed. 2. Inar- 
ticulate (applied to speech). 

adiathermancy (ah-di-ath-er'-man-se) [a, priv.; 5id, 
through ; depprj, heat]. Impermeability to radiant heat. 

adiathermic (ah-di-a-thur'-mik) [d, priv.; 5id, 
through; depp-f], heat]. Impervious to radiant heat. 

adiathesia (ah-di-ath-e'-se-ah) [d, priv.; diaBeais, 
condition]. _ A condition or particular disease that is 
not congenital. 

adiathesic (ah-di-alh-e'-sik) [a, priv.; Siadea-is, con- 
dition]. Not connected with any diathesis. 

adiathetic (ah-di-ath-et'-ik) [a, priv.; diaBeais, con- 
dition]. Adiathesic. 

adiemorrysis, adiaemorrhysis (ah-di-e-mor'-e-sis) 
[d, priv.; 81a, through; alpa, blood; pvais, flowing]. 
Failure of the circulation of the blood through the 
veins, due to some obstruction. 

adietetic (ah-di-et-et'-ik). 1. Unwholesome for 
food. 2. Unmindful of dietetic requirements. 

adigan (ad'-ig-an). A digitalis preparation which 
has been freed from digitonin and other saponin-like 
constituents; it is said to be effective and nontoxic. 

adipatum (ad-ip'-a-tum). An ointment-base said 
to consist of lanolin, vaselin, paraffin, and water. 

adipic (ad-ip'-ik) [adeps, lard]. Of or belonging 
to fat. a. acid, see acid, adipic. 

adipocele (ad'-ip-o-sel) [adeps; K-rfKv, hernia]. A 
true hernia with hernia sac, containing only fatty 
tissue. 

adipocellular (ad-ip-o-sel'-u-lar). Made up of fat 
and connective tissue. 

adipoceration (ad-ip-os-er-a' -shun) [adeps, fat; 
cera, wax]. The formation of adipocere. 

adipocere (ad'-ip-o-ser) [adeps; cera, wax]. A 
wax-like substance formed by the exposure of fleshy 
tissue to moisture, with the exclusion of air; *. e., 
in the earth or under water. It consists of the 
fatty acids in combination with the alkaline earths 
and ammonium. Human bodies in moist burial 
places often undergo this change. 

adipofibroma (ad-ip-o-fi-bro'-mah) [adeps; fibroma]. 
A combined fatty and fibrous tumor. 

adipogenous (ad-ip-oj'-en-us) [adeps, fat; gignere, 
to produce]. Producing fat and adipose tissue. 

adipol (ad'-ip-ol). Trade name of a mineral sub- 
stance used as a base for ointments. 
. adipolysis (ad-ip-ol'-is-is) [adeps; \vo-is, disso- 
lution]. The cleavage or hydrolysis of fats in the 
process of digestion by the action of a fat-splitting 
enzyme. 

adipolytic (ad-ip-o-lit'-ik). r. Efficacious in the 
digestion or cleavage of fats. 2. An agent efficient 
in fat-digestion. Cf. steapsin. 

adipoma (ad-ip-o'-mah) [adeps; bpa, a tumor]. A 
fatty tumor ; lipoma. 

adipometer (ad-ip-om'-et-ur) [adeps, fat; pkrpov, a 
measure]. An instrument for the estimation of fat. 

adipose (ad'-ip-6s) [adeps]. Fatty, a. tissue, 
fatty tissue distributed extensively through the body. 
Consists of areolar connective tissue, the cells of 
which contain fat-globules. 

adiposis (ad-ip-o'-sis) [adeps]. Corpulence; fatty 
infiltration, a. dolorosa, Dercum's disease, charac- 
terized by the formation of soft nodules throughout 
the connective tissue of the body, accompanied by 
neuralgic pains, a. hepatica, fatty degeneration or 
infiltration of the liver. 

adipositas (ad-ip-os'-it-as) [L.]. Fatness; corpul- 
ency, a. cordis, a fatty condition of the heart. 
a. universalis, obesity. 



ADIPOSITY 



26 



ADULTERATION 



adiposity (ad-ip-os'-it-e). Fatness; corpulency. 

adiposuria (ad-ip-o-su'-re-ah). The presence of 
fat in the urine. Lipuria. 

adipsa (ad-ip'-sah) [neut. pi. of adipsus, without 
thirst], i. Remedies to allay thirst. 2. Foods 
which do not produce thirst. 

adipsia (ah-dip'-se-ah) [&, priv. ; 8L\pa, thirst]. 
Absence of thirst. 

adipsous (ah-dip'-sus) [&, priv.; 8tya, thirst]. 
Quenching thirst. 

aditus (ad'-it-us) [adire, to go to]. In anatomy, 
an entrance, a. ad antrum, the outer side of the 
attic, opening upward, backward, and outward 
into the mastoid antrum. It gives lodgment to the 
head of the malleus and the greater part of the incus. 
a. ad aquaeductum Sylvii, the entrance to the ventri- 
cular aqueduct situated at the lower posterior angle 
of the third ventricle of the brain, a. ad infundi- 
bulum, a smaller canal extending from the third 
ventricle into the infundibulum; it is also called 
vulva, a. ad laryngem, a. laryngis, the entrance to 
the larynx, a. glottidis, one of the openings (superior 
or inferior) of the glottis. 

adjuster (ad-jus' -ter) [Ft., adjuster, to adjust]. 
I. A device formerly used for forcible reduction of 
dislocations. 2. One for holding together the two 
ends of a silver wire suture, to secure approximation 
of the parts without strain on the tissues. 

adjustment, coarse. Commonly, the rack and 
pinion for raising or lowering the tube of a microscope 
a considerable distance without lateral deviation. 
a., fine, the micrometer screw generally at the top 
of the column of a microscope for raising or lowering 
the tube slowly through a short distance. 

adjuvant (ad'-ju-vant) [adjuvare, to assist]. _ A 
medicine that assists the action of another to which 
it is added. 

Adler's benzidine reaction for blood. Mix equal 
parts of a saturated solution of benzidine in alcohol 
or. glacial acetic acid and of hydrogen dioxide (3 %)• 
Add to this 1 Cc. of an aqueous solution of blood: 
a green or blue color develops. The blood solution 
should be acid in reaction. 

ad lib. Abbreviation of ad libitum [L.]. At 
pleasure; as much as you please. 

admaxillary (ad-maks'-il-a-re). Pertaining to 
maxillary structures. Cf. gland, admaxillary. 

adminic'ulum lin'eae al'bae. See Cooper's ligament. 

admortal (ad-mor'-tal) [ad, to; mors, mortis, death]. 
Moving from living muscular tissue toward that 
which is dead or dying, as electric currents. 

admove, admoveatur (ad'-mo-ve, ad-mo-ve-a'-tur) 
[imper. sing, and 3d pers. sing., subj., pass., of 
admovere, to apply]. Apply; let there be applied; 
directions used in prescription-writing. 

adnasal (ad-na'-sal) [ad, near to; nasus, the nose]. 
Pertaining to the nose. 

adnata (ad-na'-tah) [ad, to; nasci, to be born, to 
grow]. 1. The tunica adnata; the conjunctiva; more 
correctly, a tendinous expansion of the muscles of 
the eye; it lies between the sclerotic and the con- 
junctiva. 2. One of the coats of the testicle. 

adnate (ad'-nat) [adnatus, grown to]. Congenitally 
attached or united. 

adnephrin (ad-nef-rin). Trade name of a prepara- 
tion similar to epinephrin. 

adnerval (ad-ner'-val) [ad, to; nervus, a nerve]. 
Moving toward a nerve; said of electric currents in 
muscular fiber. 

adneural (ad-nu'-ral) [ad, to; vevpov', a nerve]. 
1. A term used to describe a nervous affection in 
which the disease is at the very point where the 
symptoms appear. 2. Adnerval. 

adnexa (ad-neks' -ah) [ad, to; nectere, to join]. 
Adjunct parts, as the adnexa of the uterus, a. bulbi, 
the appendages of the bulb of the eye. a. oculi, 
the appendages of the eye, as the lids and lacrimal 
apparatus, a. uteri, the Fallopian tubes and the 
ovaries. 

adnexitis (ad-nek-si' -lis) . Inflammation of the 
adnexa uteri. 

adnexopexy (ad-neks' -o-pek-se). The operation of 
raising and fixing the uterine adnexa to the abdominal 
wall. 

adolescence (ad-o-les'-ens) [adolescere, to grow]. 
The period between puberty and maturity, in males 
from about 14 to 25 years; in females, from 12 to 21 
years. 

adonidin (ad-on'-id-in) [Adonis]. A glucoside 
derived from Adonis vernalis, a plant indigenous in 



Europe and Asia. It is recommended in cardiac 
dropsy. Dose \-\ gr. (0.008-0.016 Gm.). a. tan- 
nate, a yellowish-brown powder, soluble in alcohol, 
slightly soluble in water; it is used in the same 
manneras the glucoside. 

Adonis (ad-o'-nis). A genus of European herbs 
belonging to the order Ranunculacece. A. aestivalis, 
a plant much used in Italy as a cardiac tonic. Dose 
of fluidextract 1-2 min. (0.06-0.12 Cc); of the 
tincture 10-30 min. (0.6-2.0 Cc). A. vernalis, is 
used as a cardiac stimulant, antipyretic, and diuretic. 
Dose of the tincture 3-20 min. (0.2-1.3 Cc). 

adoral (ad-o'-ral) [ad, near to; os, the mouth]. 
Situated near the mouth. 

adorbital (ad-orb' -it-al) [ad, near to; orbita, orbit]. 
Pertaining to the orbit, a. bone, see lacrimal bone. 

adosculation (ad-os-ku-la'-shun) [ad, to; osculari, 
to kiss]. 1. Impregnation by external contact with- 
out intromission. 2. An articulation in which one 
part is inserted into the cavity of another. 

adrenal (ad-re' -nal) [ad, near to; ren, the kidney]. 
1. Adjacent to the kidney. 2. The suprarenal 
capsule. 

adrenalin (ad-ren'-al-in), O0H15NO3. Trade name 
for a preparation containing the active principle of 
the suprarenal gland, a. chloride, used in solution 
of 1 : 10,000 to 1 : 1000 in surgical operations on 
the eye, ear, nose, urethra, etc.; it is a powerful 
astringent, hemostatic, and heart tonic. 

adrenalinemia (ad-ren-al-in-e'-me-ah) [adrenalin; 
alpa, blood]. Presence of adrenalin in the blood. 

adrenalitis (ad-ren-al-i'-tis). Inflammation of the 
suprarenal glands. 

adrenals (ad-re'-nalz) [ad, near to; ren, the kidney]. 
The suprarenal capsules. 

adrenine (ad-ren'-en). A preparation 6i the 
medulla of the suprarenal gland. 

adrenitis (ad-ren-i'-tis). Inflammation of the 
adrenals. 

adrenol (ad-re' -nol) . An oily solution of adrenalin . 

adrenoxidase (ad-ren-ok'-sid-as). Oxygenized ad- 
renal secretion, said to be present in blood plasma. 

adrenoxin (ad-ren-oks'-in) [adrenal; oxygen]. An 
organic compound or oxidizing substance formed in 
the lungs by the internal secretion of the adrenals 
combined with the atmospheric oxygen. This 
substance endows the blood- plasm with its oxidizing 
properties (Sajous). 

Adrian's mixture. A hemostatic mixture con- 
taining chloride of iron 25 parts, chloride of sodium 
15 parts, and water 60 parts. 

adrin (ad'-rin). Epinephrin hydrate, an active 
principle of the suprarenal gland; used as a local 
hemostatic and vasomotor stimulant. 

adrue (ad-ru'-e). Antiemetic root. The root of 
Cyperus articulatus; it is anthelmintic, aromatic, 
stomachic. Dose of the fluidextract 20-30 min. 
(1.3-2.0 Cc). 

adscititious (ad-si-tish'-us). Additional; added 
from without. 

adsorption (ad-sorp'-shun). 1. The power pos- 
sessed by certain substances of taking up fluids (apart 
from capillary attraction). 2. The process whereby 
a substance becomes a part of another and remains 
in a state midway between mechanical mixture and 
chemical combination. 

adsternal (ad-stern' -al) [ad, near to; sternum]. 
Pertaining to or situated near the sternum. 

adstrictio (ad-strik'-she-o) [adstringere, to draw 
together; pi., adstrictiones]. 1. The retention of any 
natural excretion. 2. The action of an astringent. 
3. The ligation of a blood-vessel, a. alvei, consti- 
pation. 

ADTe. Abbreviation of anodal duration tetanus; 
symbol for tetanic contraction, produced by an 
application of the positive pole with the circuit 
closed. 

adterminal (ad-ter'-min-al) [ad, near to; terminus, 
the end]. Moving toward the insertion of a muscle; 
said of electric currents in muscular fiber. 

adult (ad'-ult) [adultus from adolescere, to grow]. 
Mature; of full legal age. One of mature age. 
a. sporadic cretinism, see myxedema. 

adulterant (ad-ul'-tur-ant). 1. The substance used 
in the process of sophistication. 2. One who 
adulterates. 

adulteration (ad-ul-ter-a'-shun) [adulterare, to 
corrupt or falsify]. The admixture of inferior, 
impure, inert, or less valuable ingredients to an 
article for gain, deception, or concealment. 



ADUSTION 



27 



AEROPERITONIA 



adustion (ad-us'-chun) [adustus, burned up], 
i. The quality of being scorched or parched. 2. 
Cauterization. 

advancement (ai-vans'-ment) [Fr., avancer, to 
advance]. An operation to remedy strabismus, 
generally in conjunction with tenotomy, whereby 
the opposite tendon from the overacting one, having 
been cut, is brought forward, so that, growing fast 
in a more advanced position, it shall have more 
power to act upon the globe of the eye. a., capsular, 
an operation similar to that on the tendon upon 
Tenon's capsule. It differs from advancement in 
that the tendon itself is not divided, a. of the round 
ligaments, an operation for replacement of the 
uterus by taking up "the slack of the round liga- 
ments." See Alexander's Operation, a. of Tenon's 
capsule, see a., capsular. 

adventitia (ad-ven-tish' -e-ah) [adventitius, foreign]. 
The external coat of a blood-vessel. 

adventitious {ad-ven-tish' -us) [adventitius, foreign]. 
Accidental, foreign, acquired, as opposed to natural 
or hereditary; occurring out of the ordinary or 
normal place or abode. 

adynamia, adynamy (ah-din-a'-me-ah, ah-din'-a- 
me) [a, priv.; Svvanis, power]. Loss of vital or muscu- 
lar power; prostration. 

adynamic (ah-din-am' -ik) . See adynamia. 

adynamicoataxic (ad-in-am-ik-o-at-aks'-ik). Per- 
taining to adynamia and ataxia. 

adynatus (ad-in' -at-us) . Weakly, sickly. 

ae-. See e for English words beginning with ae. 

Aeby, plane of. In craniometry, one passing 
through the nasion and basion perpendicular to the 
median plane. 

Aedes (ah-e'-dez) [a-qd-qs, annoying]. A genus 
of mosquitoes. A. calopus, the mosquito of yellow 
fever, also called Stegomyia calopus. 

aedoeagra (e-de-a'-grah). See edeagra. 

aedoeitis (e-de-i'-tis). See edeitis. 

aedoeodynia (e-de-o-din'-e-ah). See edeodynia. 

aedoeology (e-de-ol'-o-je). See edeology. 

aedoeomania {e-de-o-ma' -ne-ah) . See edeomania. 

asdoeoscopy (e-de-os'-ko-pe). See edeoscopy. 

aedoeotomy (e-de-ot'-o-me). See edeotomy. 

aegagropilus (e-gag-rop'-il-us) [alyaypos, a wild 
goat; 7rt\os, felt]. An intestinal concretion formed 
of hair, found in animals and occasionally in man. 
A bezoar. 

aegilops (e'-jil-ops). See egilops. 

aegobronchophony (e-go-brong-koff'-o-ne). See ego- 
bronchophony. 

aegonia (e-go' -ne-ah) [L.]. A minor or slight 
egophony. 

aegophony (e-goff'-o-ne). See egophony. 

aeluropsis (el-u-rop'-sis) [aLXvpos, cat; o\pls, appear- 
ance]. Obliquity of the eye or of the palpebral 
fissure. 

aequabiliter justo major, or minor pelvis (e-kwa- 
bil'-it-er). See pelvis. 

aer (a'-er). 1. See atmos. 2. See air. a. de- 
phlogisticus, oxygen, a. fixus, carbon dioxide. 

aerate (a'-er -at). To supply with air; to charge 
with gas; to oxygenate, carbonate, etc. ; to arterialize. 

aerated (a'-er-a-ted) [a-qp, atmosphere]. Charged 
with gas or air; arterialized. a. waters, waters 
charged with a greater amount of carbon dioxide 
than they will absorb under ordinary conditions. 

aeration (a-er-a'-shun) [a-qp, air]. Charging with 
air or gas, such as carbon dioxide; the state of being 
supplied with air or gas. 

aerator (a'-er-a-tor). A machine for forcing gas 
or air into liquids. 

aerendocardia (a-er-en-do-kar'-de-ah) [a-qp, air; 
hihov, within; KapSia, heart]. The existence of air 
within the heart. 

aerenterasic (a-er-en-tur-a'-sik) [a-qp, air; ivTepov, 
the intestine]. Flatulent, tympanitic. 

aerenter ectasia (a-er-en-ter-ek-ta'-se-ah) [a-qp. air; 
h-repov, intestine; e/crao-is, distention]. Flatulence; 
distention of the abdomen by gas within the intes- 
tines. 

aerial (a-e'-re-al). Pertaining to the air. a. con- 
duction, hearing through air-vibrations. 

aerhemoctonia (a-er-hem-ok-to' -ne-ah) [a-qp, air; 
atp.a, blood; ktovos, killing]. Death L by the entrance 
of air into the veins. 

aericolous (a-er-ik' -ol-us) [aer, air; colere, to in- 
habit]. Inhabiting the air. Living in the open air. 

aeriferous (a-er-if -er-us) [a-qp, air; ferre, to bear]. 
Conveying air, as the trachea and its branches. 



aerification (a-er-if-ik-a'-shun) [a-qp, air; facer e, to 
make]. 1. The process of charging with air; the 
state of being charged with air. 2. Emphysema. 

aerifluxus (a-er-if-luks' -us) [a-qp, air; fiuxus, flow]. 
Any abnormal escape of air, as by belching, flatulence, 
etc. 

aeriform {a-e' -re-form) [a-qp, air; forma, form]. 
Resembling air or gas. 

aerify (a-er'-e-fi) [a-qp, air; facere, to make]. 1. To 
fill with air; to combine with air. 2. To change to 
a gaseous state. 

aeroanaerobic (a-er-o-an-a-er-o'-bik). Applied to 
organisms which are both aerobic and anaerobic. 

aerobe (a'-er-ob) [a-qp, air; /3tos, life]. One of the 
aerobia. See aerobic. 

aerobia (a-er-o' -be-ah) [a-qp, air; /Stos, life]. Plural 
or aerobion. Organisms that require air or free 
oxygen for the maintenance of life, a., facultative, 
organisms normally or usually anaerobic, but under 
certain circumstances acquiring aerobic power. 
a., obligate, organisms dependent upon free oxygen 
at all times; never anaerobic. 

aerobic (a-er-o' -bik) [a-qp, air; pios, life]. Requiring 
oxygen (air) in order to live. A term applied to 
bacteria requiring free oxygen. Those which do not 
grow in oxygen are called anaerobic. There are forms 
that are able to grow without oxygen under favorable 
conditions, though they make use of it when present; 
others that may grow in its presence, but flourish 
best without; these are called respectively facultative 
aerobic or facultative anaerobic, while those first 
mentioned are called obligatory aerobic or obligatory 
anaerobic. 

aerobion (a-er-o' -be-on) [a-qp, air; /Sios, life]. An 
aerobe. See aerobia, and aerobic. 

aerobioscope (a-er-o-bi'-o-skop) [a-qp, air; /3i'os, life; 
a-Kowiiv, to examine]. An apparatus for collecting 
and filtering bacteria from the air. 

aerobiosis (a-er-o-bi-o'-sis) [a-qp, air; /3tos, life]. 
Life that requires the presence of air, or free oxygen. 

aerobiotic (a-er-o-bi-ot'-ik) [a-qp, air; fiiwriKos, per- 
taining to life]. Thriving only in the presence of 
air. 

aerocele (a-er'-o-sel) [a-qp, air; K17X77, tumor]. A 
tumor varying with respiration, found in the thyroid 
region, usually unilateral, with walls resembling 
mucosa and containing mucous or mucopurulent 
matter. Sometimes congenital, but oftener the 
result of violent coughing or straining. When 
acquired, it may disappear spontaneously. Syn., 
aerial bronchocele; aerial goiter; pneumatocele; trache- 
ocele; hernia of the trachea. 

aerocolpos (a-er-o-kol'-pos). Distention of the 
vagina with air or gas. 

aerocystoscope (a-er-o-sist'-o-skop). Same as 
aerourelhroscope. 

aerocystoscopy (a-er-o-sist-os'-ko-pe). Examina- 
tion of the bladder with the aerourethroscope, the 
bladder being distended with air. 

aerodermectasia (a-er-o-der-mek-ta'-ze-ah) [a-qp, air; 
8epfj.a, skin; e/cratrts, distention]. Surgical emphy- 
sema; distention of the subcutaneous connective 
tissue by air. 

aeroductor (a-er-o-duk' -tor) [a-qp, air; ducere, to 
lead]. An apparatus to prevent asphyxia of the fetus 
if the after-coming head is retained. 

aerodynamics (a-er-o-di-nam'-iks) [a-qp, air; Swa/xis, 
power]. The branch of physics that deals with gases 
in motion. 

_ aeroenterectasia (a-er-o-en-ter-ek-ta'-ze-ah) [a-qp, 
air; ivrepov, intestine; acraais, dilatation]. Dis- 
tention of the bowels with gas. 

aerogen (a'-er-o-jen) [a-qp, air; ytwav, to produce]. 
Any gas-producing microorganism. 

aerography (a-er-og'-ra-fe) [a-qp, air; ypa.<f>r), a 
writing]. Description of air and its qualities. 

aerohydropathy (a-er-o-hi-drop' -a-the) [a-qp, air; 
vScop, water; ira&os, disease]. Pneumatic treatment 
of disease, combined with hydropathy. 

aerohydrotherapy. See aerohydropathy. 

aerology (a-er-ol'-o-je) [a-qp, air; \6yos, treatise]. 
The science of the air and its qualities. 

aerometer (a-er-om'-et-er) [a-qp, air; p.krpov, a 
measure]. An instrument for ascertaining the density 
of gases. _ 

aeromicrobe, aeromicrobion (a-er-o-mi'-krob, -kro'- 
be-on). See aerobe. 

aeropathy (a-er-op' -ath-e) . Caisson disease, q. v. 

aeroperitonia (a-er-o-per-it-o' -ne-ah) [a-qp, air; peri- 
toneum]. Air or gas in the peritoneal cavity. 



AEROPHAGIA 



28 



AFFERENT 



aerophagia, aerophagy (a-er-o-fa'-je-ah, a-er-of- 
a-je) [6.7JP, air; <j>ayelv, to eat]. The imbibing and 
swallowing of air, especially observed in hysterical 
patients, a., rectal, aspiration of air by the rectum. 

aerophil (a-er'-o-fil) [&rip, air; <pikelv, to love]. 
i. An open-air-loving person or creature. 2. Aero- 
bic. 

aerophobia (a-er-o-fo'-be-ah) [&ijp, air; <£6/3os, fear]. 
Dread of a current of air. 

aerophone (a'-er-o-fon) [ar)p, air; <j>wvf), sound]. 
An instrument for increasing the amplitude of sound- 
waves. 

aerophore (a'-er-o-for) [dijp, air; <pepeu>, to carry]. 
I. A device for inflating the lungs of a still-born 
child with air. 2. A breathing apparatus, used by 
firemen and others, to prevent the inhalation of 
noxious gases. 

aerophysic (a-er-o-fiz'-ik) [difa, air; <t>voav, to inflate]. 
Inflated; distended with air; flatulent. 

aerophyte (a-er-o-flt) [dijp, air; <j>vtov, plant]. A 
plant living exclusively in the air. 

aeroplethysmograph (a-er-o-pleth-iz'-mo-graf) [h-qp, 
air; ir\r)dvo-p.6s, an enlargement; ypafaiv, to write]. 
An apparatus for registering graphically the expired 
air; the latter raises a very light and carefully equi- 
poised box placed over water, and this moves a 
writing-style. 

aeroporotomy (a-er-o-por-ot'-o-me) [6.rjp, air; wopos, 
a pore; rop-r), a cutting]. The operation of admitting 
air to the lungs, as by intubation or tracheotomy. 

aeroscope (a'-er-o-skop) [ar/p, air; anoiriiv, to ob- 
serve]. An instrument for estimating the purity of 
the air; also an instrument for the examination of 
air-dust. 

aeroscopy (a-er-os'-ko-pe) [see aeroscope}. The 
investigation of atmospheric conditions. 

aerostatics (a-er-o-stat'-iks) [a.-qp, air; <ttoltlk6s, 
standing]. The branch of physics that treats of the 
properties of gases at rest. 

aerotaxis (a-er-o-taks'-is) [a,-qp, air; rdfis, order]. 
A form of taxis in which living organisms are attracted 
or repelled by oxygen. 

aerotherapeutics, aerotherapy (a-er-o-ther-a-pu'- 
tiks, a-er-o-ther' -ap-e) [a-ftp, air; depaireveiv, to heal]. 
A mode of treating disease by varying the pressure 
or the composition of the air breathed. 

aerothermotherapy (a-er-o-ther-mo-ther'-ap-e) [arjp, 
air; depur), heat; depaxela, therapy]. Treatment 
with hot air. 

aerothorax {a-er-o-tho'-raks). See pneumothorax. 

aerotonometer (a-er-o-ton-om'-et-er) [ar/p, air; twos, 
tension; iierpov, a measure]. An instrument for 
estimating the tension of gases in the blood. 

aerotonometry (a-er-o-ton-om'-et-re). Measure- 
ment of the tension or pressure of gases in the blood. 

aerotropism (a-er-of '-ro-pizm) [hyp, air; rpk-wew, to 
turn]. 1. In biology, the deflection of roots from 
the normal direction of growth by the action of 
gases. 2. The tendency of certain protozoa to 
mass around a bubble of air. 

aerotympanal (a-er-o-tim' -pan-al) [hyp, air; rvp-iravov, 
a drum]. Pertaining to the air and the tympanum. 
Cf. air, innate. 

aerourethroscope (a-er-o-u-reth'-ro-skop) [ar)p, air; 
ovprjdpa, urethra; o-noirelv, to examine]. An instru- 
ment modified from the endoscope used in aero- 
urethroscopy. Syn., aerocystoscope. 

aerourethroscopy (a-er-o-u-re-thros'-ko-pe) [&tip, air; 
ovp-qOpa, urethra; aicoireZv, to examine]. Urethros- 
copy conjoined with inflation of the urethra with air. 

aerozol {a'-er-o-zol) [hyp, air; 6few, to smell]. A 
mixture of essential oils said to contain 75 % of 
ozone; it is used by inhalation in catarrhal affections. 

aerteriversion (a-er-ter-iv-er'-shun). See arterio- 
version. 

aerteriverter (a-er-ter-iv-er'-ter). See arterioverter. 

aerugo (e-ru'-go) [L., gen., ceruginis]. 1. Rust of a 
metal. 2. Copper rust; verdigris. ae. ferri, the 
subcarbonate of iron. ae. plumbi, lead carbonate or 
subcarbonate. 

aerumna (e-rum'-nah) [L.]. Mental distress, or 
mental and physical distress combined. 

Aerva (a-er'-vah) [Ar.]. A genus of plants of the 
order Amarantacece. A. lanata, a species native of 
tropical Asia and Arabia. It furnishes chaya-root, 
which contains a mucilaginous principle and has 
been used as a diuretic, in strangury, and as a de- 
purative. 

aes (ez) [L.]. Copper or brass. See copper. 

aesculetin. See esculetin. 



aesculin {es'-ku-lin). See esculin. 

^sculus (es'-ku-lus) [L.]. A genus of sapinda- 
ceous shrubs and trees; buckeye. M. glabra, Ohio 
buckeye. The bark is tonic, astringent, and anti- 
periodic. Dose of fluid-extract 10-20 min. (0.6-1.2 
Cc). M. hippocastanum, horse-chestnut. The bark 
is tonic, astringent, antiperiodic. Dose of fluid- 
extract 20-60 min. (1.2-3.7 Cc). M. pavia, red 
buckeye. The bark has been used as a febrifuge. 
The fruit is said to be an active convulsant. 

aestates (es-ta'-tez) [L., pi.]. Freckles or sunburn. 

aesthema (es-the'-mah) [aladrma; pi. cesthemates]. 
A perception, sensation, sense. 

aesthematology (es-the-mat-ol'-o-je). See esthe- 
matology. 

aesthesia (es-the'-ze-ah). See esthesia. 

aesthesin (es'-the-sin). See esthesin. 

assthesiogen (es-the'-se-o-jen). See esthesiogen. 

aesthesiography (es-the-se-og'-ra-fe). See esthesiog- 
raphy. 

eesthesiology (es-the-se-ol'-o-je) . See esthesiology. 

aesthesiomania (es-the-se-o-ma'-ne-ah). Seeesthesio- 
mania. 

aesthesiometer {es-ihe-se-om' -et-er) . See esthesiom- 
eter. 

aesthesiometry {es-ihe-se-om' -et-re). See eslhesiom- 
etry. 

aesthesioneurosis (es-the-se-o-nu-ro'-sis). See es- 
thesioneurosis. 

aesthesis (es-the'-sis). See esthesis. 

aesthetica (es-thet'-ik-ah) [alo-d-qais, perception by 
the senses]. Diseases characterized by impairment 
or abolition of any of the senses. 

aesthophysiology (es-tho-fiz-e-ol'-o-je). See estho- 
physiology. 

aestivaJ {es'-tiv-al). See estival. 

aestivation {es-tiv-a'-shun). See estivation. 

aestuarium (es-tu-a'-re-um). See estuarium. 

aestuation (es-tu-a'-shun). See estuation. 

aestus (es'-tus) [L.]. Heat; especially a flushing, 
or sudden glow of heat. ae. volaticus, wildfire rash; 
strophulus. 

aetas (e'-tas) [L.]. Age; a period of life. See age. 

aether (e'-ther). See ether. 

aetherism {e'-ther-izm). See etherism. 

aethiopification {e-the-op-if-ik-a'-shun). See ethiopi- 
fication. 

aethiopiosis {e-the-op-e-o' -sis) . See ethiopification. 

aethiops {e'-the-ops) [AidLoif/, Ethiopian]. An old 
term for any black mineral powder used in medicine. 
ae. antimonialis, a black triturate of mercury, anti- 
mony, and sulphur, made after several distinct 
formula?, ae. martialis, black oxide of iron. ae. min- 
eralis, black amorphous triturate of mercury with 
sulphur, in various proportions. 

aethomma (eth-om'-ah) [al96s, of a burnt color; 
bpp.a, the eye]. 1. Pare's term for a pigmented con- 
dition of the humors and tunics of the eye. 2. Kiihn's 
term for a morbid condition marked by flashes of 
light and flame appearing before the eye. 

aetiology (e-te-ol'-o-je). See etiology. 

afebrile (ah-feb'-ril) [&, priv.; febrilis, feverish]. 
Without fever. 

afetal (ah-fe'-tal) [&, priv.; fetus, an offspring]. 
Without a fetus. 

affection (af-ek'-shun) [ajflcere, to affect]. Disease. 
a., parainfectious, one in which the symptoms or 
conditions are only indirectly related to the disease 
named; a by-condition or accessory infection of 
certain diseases characterized by the appearance of 
symptoms attributable to an intercurrent or second- 
ary infection, as in the case of noma occurring in 
cases of measles and due to infection with diphtheria. 
a., pneumogastropituitous, see pertussis, a., poly- 
uric, see lithuria. a., primary, one independent of 
any preceding disease, a., secondary, one that is a 
complication or sequel of a preexisting disease. 
a., vaporous, see vapors. 

affective (af-ek'-tiv) [see affection]. Exciting 
emotion, a. faculties, the emotions and propensities, 
especially those peculiar to man. a. insanity, emo- 
tional or impulsive insanity. 

affenspalte (af-fen-spal-ter) [German for ape's 
split]. The parietooccipital fissure; ape-fissure. 

afferent (af-er-ent) [afferens, carrying to]. Carry- 
ing toward the center. Of nerves: conveying im- 
pulses toward the central nervous system; sensory; 
centripetal. Of blood-vessels: those, as the arteries, 
conveying blood to the tissues. Of lymphatics. 
those conveying lymph to a lymphatic gland. 



AFFERENTIA 



29 



AGAR-AGAR 



afferentia (af-er-en' -she-ah) . See vasa. 

affiliation (af-il-e-a' -shun) [ad, to; filius, son]. 
In medical jurisprudence, the act of imputing or 
affixing the paternity of a child in order to provide 
for its maintenance. 

affinity (af-in'-it-e) [affinis, akin to], i. Relation- 
ship. 2. Attraction. 3. In biology, morphologic, 
physiologic, and phylogenetic relationship between 
organisms, a. of aggregation, cohesive attraction; 
the mechanical affinity of similar molecules tending 
to the formation of masses. Syn., quiescent affinity; 
affinitas quiescens. a., chemical, the force, exerted 
at inappreciable distances, that unites atoms. 
a. of composition, the tendency of substances to 
unite directly without previous decomposition. 
Syn., affinitas compositionis ; simple affinity; single 
affinity; compound affinity; mixing affinity, a., 
developed, that exhibited by compounds, but which 
is not possessed by the constituents separately. 
Syn., affinitas producta; resulting affinity; secondary 
affinity, a., divellent, the tendency to form new 
compounds at the expense of decomposition of those 
previously existing. Syn., affinitas divellens; separ- 
ating affinity, a., elective, the preference of one 
substance for another over a second or third, a., 
elementary. 1. That which exists between the 
elements of two or more compounds. 2. Physico- 
chemical relationship of elementary substances. 
a., mediating, that by virtue of which a substance 
lacking the power of combination with a certain 
substance secures it by preliminary combination with 
another. Syn., appropriate affinity; imparted affinity; 
intermediate affinity; inducing affinity; inductive 
affinity; affinity of an intermedium; affinitas adjuta; 
affinitas appropriata; affinitas approximata. a., 
morbid, the tendency of certain affections to exist 
synchronously or as sequels, a., reciprocal, chemical 
attraction between the elements of a secondary 
compound, tending, under altered conditions, to the 
reformation of the primary compound. Syn., 
alternating elective affinity; affinitas reciproca. a., 
simple elective, that exhibited by a simple body for a 
single element of a compound. Syn., single elective 
affinity, a. of solution, that existing between a dis- 
solved substance and its solvent, a., vital, the 
selective action or chemiotaxis exhibited by the 
several tissues of an organism for their peculiar 
pabulum. 

affion, affioni [Turkish]. Crude opium; it contains 
regularly 10 % of morphine. Syn., offium. 

affixion (af-ik'-shun) [affigere, to fasten]. Ad- 
hesion. 

afflatus (af-la'-tus) [L., "a blowing upon"]. 1. A 
draft or blast of air. 2. A sudden attack. 3. A sup- 
posed inspiration or divine influence. 

affluence (af-lu-ens) [affluentia, from affluere, to 
flow to]. A determination or influx, as of blood to a 
part. 

affluent (af-lu-ent) [affluens, flowing to]. Pro- 
ducing a congestion; determinant; flowing in or upon. 

afflux, affluxion (af-luks, af-fluk' -shun) [affluere, to 
flow toward]. The flow of the blood or other liquid 
to a part. 

affuse (af-uz') [af "under e, to pour upon]. To 
sprinkle or pour upon from a height: to shower. 

affusio (af-u'-se-o) [L.; pi., affusiones]. 1. An 
affusion. 2. Suffusion. 3. Infusion. 4. Cataract. 

affusion (af-u'-zhun) [affundere, to pour upon]. 
The pouring of water upon an object, as upon the 
body in fever, to reduce temperature and calm nervous 
symptoms, a., cold. Currie's method of treating 
fevers by pouring cold water over the patient. 
Syn., affusio frigida. 

afibroma (ah-fi-bro'-mah) [&, priv.; fibroma]. A 
mass of fibrous tissue which is not arranged so as to 
form a tendon or fascia. 

African arrow-poison. See strophanthus. A. fever, 
synonym of dengue. A. gum, gum-arabic. A. 
lethargy, a "sleeping-sickness" affecting west African 
coast negroes. Increasing somnolence is the char- 
acteristic symptom. It is very fatal — death from 
exhaustion follows in from 3 to 6 months. Syn., 
nelavan. 

afridol (af-rid-ol). An antiseptic, said to be an 
orthotoluate of mercury and sodium. 

afrodyn (af-ro-din) [a<t>po8L<ria, veneryl. An aphro- 
disiac, the principal ingredient of which is said to be 
the tincture of myorapuama. 

af tannin (af -tan-in). An infusion of herbs with 
formaldehyde and glycerin used in veterinary practice. 



after (af-ter) [AS., after, back]. 1. The anus; 
the buttocks. 2. Next in succession. 

after-action, the negative variation in an elec- 
trical current continuing for a short time in a tetan- 
ized muscle, a., inner, that involving the whole 
muscle or muscular fiber, a., terminal, that affecting 
only the ends of the muscular fibers. 

after-birth, the popular designation of the placenta, 
cord, and membranes, sometimes called the secun- 
dines. 

after-brain. See hindbrain and metencephalon. 

after-care, the care or nursing of convalescents; 
specifically, the treatment of patients discharged as 
cured from lunatic asylums. 

after-cataract, cataracta secundaria; an opacity of 
the media of the eye after operation for cataract due 
to opacification of the capsule or to non-absorption 
of the remains of the lens-substance. 

after-current (af-ter-kur'-ent). See under current. 

after-damp, a poisonous mixture of gases, such as 
carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, found in coal 
mines after an explosion of inflammable gases. 

after-gilding (af-ter-gild'-ing). A term introduced 
by Apathy to designate the process of treating nerve- 
tissues with salts of gold after fixation and hardening. 
Cf . foregilding. 

after-hearing, a neurotic condition in which sounds 
are heard after the wave-motion that produces them 
has ceased. 

after-images, continued retinal impressions after 
the stimulus of the light or image has ceased to act. 
A positive after-image is a simple prolongation of the 
sensation; a negative after-image is the appearance of 
the image in complementary colors. After sensations 
may be also experienced with other senses. 

afterings (af -ter-ingz) . See after-milk. 

after-milk, the strippings; the last milk taken 
from the teat at any one milking. It is peculiarly 
rich in butter, as compared with the fore-milk. 

after-pains. See pains. 

after-perception, the perception of a sensation 
after the stimulus has passed away. 

after-production (af-ter-pro-duk'-shun). A new 
growth; neoplasm. 

after-sensation, a sensation lasting longer than 
the stimulus producing it. 

after-taste, a gustatory sensation produced some 
time after the stimulus has been removed. 

after-treatment. See after-care. 

after-vision (af-ter-vish'-on). The perception of an 
after-image. 

Ag. Abbreviation for argentum, Latin for silver. 

agalactia (ah-gal-ak'-te-ah) [&, priv.; -ydXa, milk]. 
Xon-secretion or imperfect secretion of milk after 
child-birth. 

agalactous (ah-gal-ak'-tus) [a, priv.; yaka, milk]. 
1. Without milk. 2. Xot suckled; not nourished 
with milk. 3. Capable of diminishing the secretion 
of milk. 

agal-aga! (ah'-gal-ah'-gal). See agar-agar. 

agalasia (ah-gal-a'-ze-ah). See agalactia, a. con- 
tagiosa, an epidemic, contagious disease of sheep and 
goats, marked by drying-up of the milk. 

agalorrhea, or agalorrhcea (ah-gal-o-re'-ah) [d, priv. ; 
yaKa, milk; \peeiv, to flow]. A cessation of the flow 
of milk. 

agamic (ah-gam'-ik) [d, priv.; ydfxos, marriage]. 
In biology, not sexual; not pertaining to the sexual 
relation; asexual reproduction; parthenogenesis. 

agamogenesis (ah-gam-o-jen'-es-is) [a, priv.; ydp.os, 
marriage; yeve<ns, generation]. Reproduction with- 
out fecundation, as, e. g., by gemmation. See 
parthenogenesis. 

agamogenetic (ah-gam-o-jen-et'-ik) [d, priv.; yd/Ms, 
marriage; ykveavt, generation]. Pertaining to 
agamogenesis. 

agamospore (ah-gam'-o-spor) [a, priv.; ydnos, marri- 
age; airopa, offspring]. In biology, an asexually 
produced spore. 

aganactesis (ag-an-ak-te' -sis) [£7 avaxT-na is, physical 
pain]. Irritation; physical pain or uneasy sensation. 

aganoblepharon (ag-an-o-blef -ar-on) [ay avo&\Wopos, 
mild-eyed]. Adhesion of the eyelids to each 
other. 

agar-agar (ag'-ar-ag'-ar) [Ceylon]. A kind of glue 
made from certain sea-weeds, such as Gracilaria 
lichenoides and Gigarlina speciosa, used in medicine 
to make suppositories, and in bacteriological studies 
to make a solution in which microorganisms are bred 
or kept. See gelose. 



AGAR HANGING BLOCK 



30 



AGLOBULIA 



agar hanging block (ag'-ar). In bacteriology a 
small block of nutrient agar cut from a poured plate, 
and placed on a cover-glass, the surface next the 
glass having been first touched with a loop from a 
young fluid culture or with a dilution from the same. 
It is examined upside down, the same as a hanging 
drop. 

agaric (ag-ar'-ik). Touchwood; spunk; tinder; 
the product of different species of Boletus, a genus of 
mushrooms. Boletus laricis, Polyporus officinalis — 
is the white or purging agaric. Agaric or agaricinic 
acid, in doses of T %— I S r - (0.004-0.02 Gm.), is also 
useful in night-sweats. Dose of the extract 3-6 gr. 
(0.19-0.38 Gm.); of the tincture 3-20 min. (0.18-1.2 
Cc). Agaricus chirurgorum, Boletus chirurgorum, 
surgeon's agaric, a parasitic fungus formerly used 
for moxa. Soaked in solution of potassium nitrate 
it forms spunk. Agaricus muscarius, fly agaric, 
poisonous mushroom, contains an alkaloid, muscarine. 
Dose of the alkaloid \— 2 gr. (0.008-0.13 Gm.). 
Muscarine nitrate is used hypodermatically. Dose 
hi— f gr. (0.006-0.048 Gm.). 

agaricin (ag-ar'-is-in) [see agaricus]. 1. C16H30O5 
+H2O. A white, crystalline substance, the active 
principle of Agaricus albus. It has proved useful 
in the night-sweats of pulmonary tuberculosis. 
Dose ^y — ^j gr. (0.003-0.006 Gm.). Unof. 2. An 
impure alcoholic extract of the agaric, Polyporus 
officinalis; used as an anhidrotic. 

Agaricus (ag-ar'-ik-us) [ayapiKov, of Dioscorides, 
from Agaria, a former district of Poland or Sarmatia, 
whence the Greeks derived the larch agaric]. A large 
genus of hymenomycetous fungi; mushrooms and 
toadstools. Cf. Polyporus amanita. A. chirurgorum, 
see under' agaric. A. rubra, A. sanguinea, these 
species, indigenous to France, were formerly included 
under A. rubra. They yield the alkaloid agarythrine 
and the rose-red coloring-matter ruberin. 

agarythrine (ag-ar' -ith-rin) . A yellowish-white 
alkaloid extracted by ether from Agaricus rubra and 
A. sanguinea. It has a bitter taste and leaves a 
burning sensation in the mouth. 

agaster (ah-gas'-ter) [a, priv.; yaarrip, the stomach]. 
One without a stomach. 

agastric (ah-gas'-trik) [see agaster]. Without an 
intestinal canal, as the tape-worms. 

agastronervia (ah-gas-tro-ner' -ve-ah)[a, priv.; yaarrip, 
the stomach; nervus, a nerve or sinew]. See agastro- 
neuria. 

agastroneuria (ah-gas-tro-nu' -re-ah)[a, priv.; yaarrip, 
the stomach; vevpov, a nerve]. Deficiency in the 
nerve-stimulus sent to the stomach. 

agathin (ag'-ath-in) [aya96s, good], CeH4(OH) .- 
CH . N . N . (CH 3 ) . CeHa. A greenish-white, crystal- 
line substance, obtained by the interaction of salicylic 
aldehyde and a-methylphenylhydrazine. It is used 
as an antineuralgic in doses of 8 gr. (0.52 Gm.) 2 or 3 
times daily. Its action is cumulative. 

Agave (a-ga'-ve) [ayavf), noble]. A large genus of 
amaryllidaceous plants, natives of North America. 
A. americana, American aloe, the leaves of a plant 
growing in North America. It is diuretic and anti- 
syphilitic. Dose of the fluidextract |-i dr. (2-4 Cc). 
The fresh juice is also similarly employed. The 
fermented juice, called pulque, is a moderately stimu- 
lant drink, very popular in Mexico. 

age (aj). The length of time a being has existed; 
also, a certain stage in life. a. of consent, in medical 
jurisprudence the age at which a minor is considered 
capable of consenting to sexual intercourse; it is 
usually placed at 16 years, a. critique, the climac- 
teric, a., marriageable, a., nubile, see nubility. 
a. of puberty, see puberty. 

agenesia, agenesis (ah-jen-e'-se-ah, ah-jen'-es-is) 
[a, priv.; ykveais, generation]. 1. Incomplete and 
imperfect development. 2. Impotence, barrenness. 

agenosomia (ah-^en-o-so'-me-ah) [a, priv.; 7€wa>, 
to beget; au>p.a, body]. Defective development of the 
genitals. 

agenosomus (ah-jen-o-so'-mus) [&, priv.; yewav, to 
beget; awp.a, body]. A variety of single autositic 
monsters, of the species Celosoma, in which there is a 
lateral or median eventration occupying principally 
the lower portion of the abdomen, while the genital 
and urinary organs are either absent or very rudi- 
mentary. 

agent (a'-jent) [agere, to act, to do]. A substance 
or force that by its action effects changes in the 
human body. 

agerasia (aj-er-a'-ze-ah) [ay-qpaala, eternal youth]. 



Vigorous old age; age without its wonted feebleness 
and decay. 

ageusia, ageustia (ah-gu'-se-ah, ah-goost'-e-ah) [a, 
priv.; yevais, taste]. Abolition of the sense of taste. 
a., central, that due to lesion of the cerebral centers 
of the gustatory nerves, a., conduction, that due 
to lesion in the nerves between their origin and 
distribution, a., peripheral, that due to disorder 
of the ends of the nerves of taste. 

agger (aj'-er) [L.]. In anatomy, a pile or mound. 
a. nasi, an oblique ridge on the inner surface of the 
nasal process of the maxilla; also called crista eth- 
moidalis. a. valvulae venae [pi., agger es valvular urn 
venarum], the eminence of a venous valve; a projec- 
tion within the lumen of a vein at the junction of a 
valve. 

agglomerate (ag-lom'-er-at) [agglomerare, to wind 
into a ball]. Grouped or clustered. 

agglutinant (ag-lu' -tin-ant). See agglutinative 

agglutinate (ag-lu' -tin-at) [see agglutination]. To 
glue together; to unite by adhesion. 

agglutinatio (ag-lu-tin-a'-she-o). Agglutination. 
a. maxilla; inferioris, trismus. 

agglutination (ag-lu-tin-a'-shun) [agglutinate, to 
paste to]. 1. A joining together. 2. A copulative 
phenomenon accompanying hemolysis or bacteri- 
olysis, thought by Gruber to be due to some de- 
leterious effect on the membrane of the bacteria or 
blood-corpuscles which makes it sticky, a. test, see 
Widal's test. 

agglutinative (ag-lu' -tin-a-tiv) [see agglutination], 
1. Favoring agglutination; adhesive. 2. Any sub- 
stance with adhesive properties, fitted to retain the 
edges of wounds in apposition. 3. A remedy pro- 
moting the repair of wounds by favoring nutrition. 

agglutinin (ag-lu' -tin-in) [see agglutination]. A 
specific principle occurring in the blood-serum of an 
animal affected with a disease of microbic origin and 
capable of causing the clumping of the bacteria 
peculiar to that disease, as exemplified in the Widal 
reaction. 

agglutinogen (ag-lu-tin'-o-jen). A substance which 
when introduced into the body is capable of causing 
the formation of an agglutinin. 

agglutinoid (ag-lu' -tin-oid) . An agglutinin with 
the xy mo toxic group deficient or absent. 

agglutinophore (ag-glu-tin'-o-for). Same as zymo- 
phore, q. v. 

agglutitio (ag-lu-tish'-e-o) [ad, against; glutire, to 
swallow]. Difficult deglutition; an obstruction to 
swallowing. 

agglutogen (ag-lu' -to- j en). See agglutinogen. 

agglutogenic (ag-lu-to-jen'-ik) [agglutinin; gener- 
are, to produce]. Relating to substances from which 
agglutinins originate. 

agglutometer (ag-lu-tom' -et-er) . An apparatus 
used in performing the agglutination or Widal test. 

aggregate (ag' -re-gat) [ad, to; gregare, to collect 
into a flock]. Grouped into a mass. a. glands, 
Peyer's patches. 

aggregation (ag-re-ga'-shun) [ad, to; gregare, to 
collect- into a flock]. 1. The massing of materials 
together. 2. A congeries or collection of bodies, 
mostly of such as are similar to each other. 

aggressin (ag-res'-in) [aggressio, an attack]. A 
substance produced in the body by bacteria, having 
the property of weakening the normal protective 
substances of the body. By some it is held that this 
substance increases the virulence of the bacteria. 

aggressinogen (ag-res-in'-o-jen). An antigen 
which gives rise to aggressins. 

aggressivity (ag-res-iv'-it-e). The degree of ac- 
tivity displayed by an invading microorganism 
against the protective forces of the host. 

agitation (aj-it-a'-shun) [agitare, to excite, arouse]. 
1. Fatiguing restlessness with violent motion; mental 
disturbance. 2. A stirring or shaking, as in phar- 
macy. 

agitator (aj-it-a'-tor) [agitare, to excite]. Any 
apparatus for stirring or shaking substances; a glass 
rod used for stirring. 

aglandular (ah-glan' -du-lar) [a, priv.; glandula, a 
gland]. Having no glands; without glands. 

aglaukopsia (ag-law-kop'-se-ah) [a, priv.; y\avK6s, 
green; 6\pt.s, vision]. Green-blindness. 

aglia (ag'-le-ah) [L.]. A speck or spot upon the 
cornea or on the white of the eye. 

aglobulia (ah-glo-bu'-le-ah) [a, priv.; globulus, a 
globule]. A decrease in the quantity of red blood- 
corpuscles. 



AGLOBULISM 



31 



AGURIX 



aglobulism (ah-glob'-u-lizm) [a, priv.; globulus, a 
globule]. Aglobulia; oligocythemia. 

aglossia (ah-glos'-e-ah) [a, priv.; yXaxraa, the 
tongue], i. Absence of the tongue. 2. Dumbness; 
senile impairment of speech. 

aglossostomia (ah-glos-o-slo'-me-ah) [a, priv.; 
yXcbaaa, the tongue; a-ropa, mouth]. The condition 
of a mouth without a tongue. 

aglossus (ah-glos'-us) [see aglossia]. A person 
without a tongue. 

aglutition (ah-glu-tish'-un) [d, priv.; glutire. to 
swallow]. Difficulty in swallowing; inability to 
swallow. 

agmatoiogy (ag-mat-ol'-o-je) [aynos, a fracture; 
X6-, os, a discourse]. The science or study of fractures. 

agminate, agminated (ag'-min-at, ag' -min-a-ted) 
[agmen, a multitude]. Aggregated; clustered, a. 
glands, see gland, Peyer's. 

agnail (ag'-nal). 1. Hangnail. 2. A whitlow. 
3. A corn. 

agnathia ( ah-gna' -the-ah) [d, priv.; yvaOos, a jaw]. 
Absence or defective development of the jaws. 

agnathus {ag'-na-thus) [&, priv.; yvados, a jaw]. 
A monster with no lower jaw. 

agnea, or agncea (ag-ne'-ah) [ayvoia, want of per- 
ception]. A condition in which the patient does not 
recognize things or persons. 

Agnew's splint (ag'-nii) [David Hayes Agnew, 
American surgeon, 1818-1802]. For hip-joint disease; 
a long splint with a perineal band (fitted closely 
against the tuber ischii) and a foot-piece; used after 
the disappearance of acute symptoms and designed 
to support the weight of the trunk. 

agnin (ag'-nin) [agnus, a lamb]. A fatty sub- 
stance derived from sheep's wool. 

agnina membrana {ag-ni'-nah mem-bra' -naK) [L.]. 
"The lamb-like, or woolly, membrane," — the am- 
mion. 

agnolin (ag'-no-lin). Purified wool fat; adeps 
lame. 

agnosia (ah-gno'-se-ah) [a, priv.; yvwais, a recog- 
nizing]. Loss of the perceptive faculty which gives 
recognition of persons and things. 

-agoga, -agogue [0705765, one who leads]. A suffix, 
denoting agents that drive out other substances, as 
emmenagqgues, lithagogues, etc. 

agomphiasis (ah-gom-fi'-as-is) [&, priv.; yon<j>ios, a 
tooth]. Same as agomphosis. 

agomphious (ah-gom'-fe-us) [a, priv.; yofupios, a 
tooth]. Without teeth. 

agomphosis (ah-gom-fo'-sis) [see agomphious]. 
1. Absence of the teeth. 2. A loosening of the 
teeth. 

agonal (ag'-on-al) [aywvla, a struggle]. Struggling; 
relating to the death-struggle. 

agonia (ag-o' -ne-ah) [ayoivia, a contest or struggle]. 
1. Distress of mind; extreme anguish. 2. The 
death struggle. [ayovos, barren]. Barrenness; ster- 
ility; impotence, a. bark, see agoriada. 

agoniadin (ag-on-i' -ad-in), C10H14O6. A glucoside 
found in Agonia bark, and used as an antiperiodic. 

agonous (ag'-o-nus) [ayovos, unfruitful]. Barren; 
impotent. 

agony (ag'-o-ne) [see agonal]. Violent pain; ex- 
treme anguish; the death-struggle. 

agopyrine (ag-o-pi'-rin). An influenza remedy 
said to contain salicin, 4 gr. ; ammonium chloride 
I gr. ; cinchonine sulphate, i gr. 

agoraphobia (ag-o-ra-fo'-be-ah) [ay opa, a market- 
place, assembly; <£6/3os, fear]. A morbid fear of 
open places or spaces. 

agoriadin (ag-o-ri' -ad-in) [Sp.l. C10H14O6. A glu- 
coside, probably the active principle of agoriada. 

Agostini's reaction for glucose. To 5 drops of 
the urine add 5 drops of 0.5 % solution of gold 
chloride and 3 drops of 20 % potash solution, and 
heat gently. In the presence of glucose a red color 
will be produced. 

-agra (aypa, a seizure]. A Greek word added as a 
suffix to various roots to denote seizure, severe pain; 
as podagra, etc. 

agraffe (ag-raf) [Fr. agrafe, a hook, clasp]. An 
instrument to keep the edges of a wound together. 

agrammatism (ah-gram'-at-izm) [a, priv.; ypapiia, a 
word]. A phenomenon of aphasia, consisting in the 
inability to form words grammatically, or the sup- 
pression of certain words of a phrase; a form of 
aphasia. 

agraphia (ah-graf'-e-ah) [a, priv.; ypa<peiv, to write]. 
Inability to express ideas by writing, a., absolute, 



a variety in which no letters can be formed. Syn., 
literal agraphia, a., acoustic, loss of capacity to 
write from dictation, a. amnemonica, a form in 
which letters can be written, but without conveying 
any meaning, a. atactica, that form in which letters 
cannot be formed from lack of muscular coordination, 
a., literal, a. literalis, see a., absolute, a., motor, 
inability to recall the movements of the hand neces- 
sary in writing, a., musical, pathological loss of the 
ability to write musical notes, a., optic, inability 
to copy writing, but ability to write from dictation. 
a., verbal, a variety in which a number of words 
without meaning can be written. Cf. paragraphia. 

agrapbic (ah-graf'-ik) [see agraphia]. Affected 
with or pertaining to agraphia. 

agremia (ag-re'-me-ah) [aypa, seizure; atfj.a, blood]. 
The condition of the blood in gout; the gouty dia- 
thesis. 

agria (ag'-re-ah) [aypios, wild]. A pustular erup- 
tion; malignant pustule; herpes. 

agridinium (ag-rid-in'-e-um). A dye-stuff used 
with arsenophenylglycin, for its trypanocidal 
properties. 

agrielcosis (ag-re-el-ko'-sis) [aypios, wild; IXkojo-is, 
ulceration]. A malignant or uncontrollable ulcera- 
tion. 

agrimony {ag' -rim-o-ne) [d7p6s, a field; fiovos, 
alone]. The root of Agrimonia eupatoria, a mild 
astringent. Dose of fluidextract \-2 dr. (2-8 Cc). 

agriopsoria (ag-re-op-so'-re-ah) [aypios, wild; l/'wpa, 
itch]. An incurable or severe attack, or variety, 
of itch. 

agriothymia (ag-re-o-thi'-me-ah) [aypios, wild; 
dvfids, mind; will]. Maniacal fury. 

agrippa (ag-rip'-ah) [L.]. One born with the feet 
foremost. 

agromania (ag-ro-ma'-ne-ah) [d7pds, a field; navla, 
madness]. A mania for living in the country. 

agron [East Indian]. A disease which occurs in 
India, marked by roughening of the tongue, with 
fissures. 

agrypnetic (ah-grip-net'-ik) [a, priv.; virvos, sleep]. 
1. Sleepless; wakeful. 2. Preventing sleep; agryp- 
notic. 

agrypnia (ah-grip'-ne-ah) [a, priv.; virvos, sleep]. 
Loss of sleep; insomnia. 

agrypnocoma (ah-grip-no-ko r -mah) [aypvirvos, sleep- 
less; K&na, coma]. Coma vigil; wakeful lethargy, 
with low-muttering delirium. 

agrypnotic {ah-grip-not'-ik) [d, priv.; virvos, sleep]. 
1. Preventing sleep; causing wakefulness. 2. A 
medicine that prevents sleep. 

aguamiel (ah-goo-ah-me-el') [Sp.]. The sap of the 
pulque magueys, Agave atrovirens, and A. Mexicana. 
From it is made the fermented drink pulque. It is 
said to have diuretic, laxative, galactagogue, and 
nutrient properties. 

ague (a'-gii) [acutus, sharp; acute; Fr., aigu], 
1. Malarial or intermittent fever; characterized by 
paroxysms consisting of chill, fever, and sweating, 
at regularly recurring times, and followed by an 
interval or intermission the length of which deter- 
mines the epithets quotidian, tertian, etc. In some 
cases there is a double paroxysm, and hence these 
are called double quotidian, double tertian, etc. 
The duration of each paroxysm varies from 2 to 12 
hours. Syn., fever and ague; intermittent fever; pe- 
riodic fever; malarial fever ; marsh fever; paludal fever; 
miasmatic fever. 2. A chill, a., Aden, see dengue. 
a., brass-founders', a disease common among brass- 
founders, characterized by symptoms somewhat 
resembling an imperfect attack of intermittent fever, 
the recurrence of the paroxysms, however, being 
irregular. The direct cause is generally thought to 
be the inhalation of the fumes of deflagrating zinc 
or "spelter." a., brow-, intermittent neuralgia of 
the brow, a.-cake, chronic enlargement of the 
spleen in diseases of malarial origin, a., catenating, 
ague associated with other diseases, a.-drop, see 
Fowler's solution, a., dumb, ague without well- 
marked chill, and with at most only partial or slight 
periodicity. Syn., dead ague; irregular ague; latent 
ague; masked ague, a., face, tic douloureux, a., 
partial, ague attended with pain which is limited to 
some part or organ, a.-tree, common sassafras. 
a.-weed. 1. See Gentiana. 2. Eupatorium perfoli- 
atum, or thoroughwort. 

aguish (a'-gu-ish). Resembling or relating to 
ague; affected with ague. 

agurin (ag'-u-rin). A compound of sodium theo- 



AH 



32 



AL 



bromate and sodium acetate; it is recommended 
as a diuretic in doses of 24 gr. (1.5 Gm.). 

Ah. Abbreviation of hypermetropic astigmatism. 

Ahlf eld's sign (ahl'-felt) [Johann Friedrich Ahl- 
feld, German obstetrician, 1843- ]. Irregular 
tetanic contractions affecting localized areas of the 
uterus, observed after the third month of pregnancy. 

ahypnia (ah-hip'-ne-ah) [a, priv.; virvos, sleep]. 
Sleeplessness. 

ahypnosis (ah-hip-no'-sis) [abirvLa, sleeplessness]. 
Entire absence of the capacity to sleep, most marked 
in insanity. 

aichmophobia {ak-mo-fo'-be-ah) [dixjui?. a spear 
point; 4>ofieiv, to fear]. An extravagant dread of 
sharp or pointed instruments. 

aidoio- (a-doi'-o). See edeo-. 

aidoiomania (a-doi-o-ma'-ne-ah). See edeomania. 

ail (al) [ME., eyle]. 1. To be out of health. 2. A 
slight indisposition. 3. Garlic, a., Wetherbee, a 
popular name for progressive muscular atrophy, 
from the fact that several successive generations of a 
Massachusetts family of that name were affected 
with the disease. 

Ailanthus (a-el-an'-thus). See Ailantus. 

ailantus (a-el-an'-tus) [Malacca, ailanto, "tree of 
heaven"]. The bark of A. glandulosa, commonly 
known as "tree of heaven." Its properties are due 
to an oleoresin and a volatile oil. It is a nauseant 
and drastic purgative and an excellent anthelmintic 
against tape-worm. Dose of fluidextract 10 min.-i dr. 
(0.6-4.0 Cc); of tincture 10 min.-2 dr. (0.6-8.0 Cc). 

ailing (jZl'-ing). Indisposed; out of health; not 
well. 

ailment (al'-menf) [ME., eyle]. A disease; sick- 
ness; complaint. 

ailurophobia (a-lu-ro-fo'-be-ah) [cuhovpos, a cat; 
<f>6Pos, fear]._ A morbid fear of cats. 

ainhum (in'-hoom) [negro word, meaning to saw]. 
A disease of Guinea and Hindustan, peculiar to 
negroes, in which the little toes are slowly and spon- 
taneously amputated at about the digitoplantar fold. 
The process is very slow, is unaccompanied by any 
constitutional symptoms, and its cause is unknown. 
It sometimes attacks the great toe. 

aiodine (ah-i'-o-diri). A preparation of the 
thyroid gland and tannin. It is a tasteless powder, 
of which each gram is said to represent 10 Gm. of 
the fresh glands and to contain 0.4 % of iodine. It is 
used in myxedema. 

air [&rip, the lower, dense air as distinguished from 
alB-hp, the upper and purer air]. The atmosphere. 
Atmospheric air consists of a mixture of 77 parts 
by weight, or 79.19 by volume, of nitrogen, and 23 
parts by weight, or 20.81 by volume, of oxygen, 
with 0.03 to 0.06 parts by volume of CO2. It 
also contains traces of ammonia, argon, nitrites, 
and organic matter. By virtue of its oxygen it is 
able to sustain respiration. One hundred cubic 
inches weigh 30,935 grains. The pressure of the air 
at sea-level is about 14! pounds upon the square inch. 
a., alkaline, free or volatile ammonia, a., azotic, 
nitrogen, a.-bag, see a.-cushion. a.-bath, thera- 
peutic exposure to air, which may be heated, con- 
densed, or variously medicated, a.-bed, an air- 
tight rubber mattress, inflated with air, employed 
in conditions requiring prolonged confinement to bed. 
a.-bladder, see a.-vesicles. a.-cell, an air-sac; an 
air-vesicle of the lung, a., complemental, the 
amount of air that can still be inhaled after an 
ordinary inspiration, a. conduction, a method of 
testing the hearing-power by means of a watch held 
at varying distances from the ear, or by the employ- 
ment of a number of tuning-forks of varying pitch. 
a.-cure, the therapeutic employment of air. a.- 
cushion, a cushion filled with air, and usually made 
of soft india-rubber, a., dephlogisticated, an old 
name for oxygen, a.-douche, the inflation of the 
middle ear through the nose, a.-embolism, the 
entrance of free air into the blood-vessels during life. 
a., expired, that driven from the lungs in expiration. 
a., factitious, carbon dioxide, a., fixed, an old 
name for carbon dioxide, a., hepatic, hydrogen 
sulphide, a.-hunger, dyspnea on both inspiration 
and expiration, a., inspired, that taken into the 
lungs on inspiration, a., liquid, air which has been 
liquefied by intense pressure; an extreme cold is 
produced by its evaporation, a., mephitic, carbon 
dioxide, a.-passages, the nares, mouth, larynx, 
trachea, and bronchial tubes, a., phlogisticated, an 
old name for nitrogen, a.-pump, an apparatus for 



exhausting or compressing air. a., reserve, a., sup- 
plemental, the air that can still be exhaled after an 
ordinary expiration, a., residual, that remaining 
in the lungs after the most complete expiration 
possible, a.-sac, see a.-vesicles. a., solid, of Hales, 
carbon dioxide; so called because of its property of 
forming solid carbonates with metallic oxides, 
a.-space, a space in tissues filled with air or other 
gases, a., stationary, that remaining in the lungs 
during normal respiration, a., supplemental, see 
a., reserve, a.-tester, an instrument for testing the 
purity of the air. a., tidal, that taken in and given 
out at each respiration, a.-trap, a trap to prevent 
the escape of sewer gas. a.-vesicles, the alveoli of 
the lung, the ultimate division of the air-passages. 
a., vital, an old name for oxygen. 

air-break wheel, air-breaking wheel. An arrange- 
ment by means of which the sparks may be promptly 
extinguished when using a no-volt continuous 
current to excite a coil; the spark formed at the 
contact-brushes when the coil is energized is blown 
out instantaneously by the air-blast. 

airoform (ar'-o-form). Same as airol. 

airogen (ar'-o-jen). See airol. 

airol (ar'-ol). Trade name for bismuth iodosub- 
gallate. q. v. 

akamathesia, akamathesis. See akatamathesia. 

akamushi disease (ah-kah-mu'-she) [Jap. aka, red; 
mushi, bug, or insect]. Japanese river fever. 

akanthesthesia (a-kan-thes-the'-ze-ah) [aicavda, a 
thorn; aladrjais, sensation]. A form of paresthesia or 
perverted sensation in which there is a feeling as of a 
sharp point. 

akanthion (a-kan'-the-on). See acanthion. 

akaralgia (ak-ar-al'-je-ah). A proprietary "head- 
ache cure." It contains sodium salicylate, sodium 
sulphate, magnesium sulphate, lithium benzoate, 
and nux vomica. 

akarkine (ak-ar'-kin). Trade name for arsenic 
albuminate; it is used as a cancer cure. 

akatamah (ak-ah-tah'-mah). The native West 
Central African name for an endemic peripheral 
neuritis of obscure origin marked by numbness and 
intense prickling and burning in the presence of cold 
or damp. 

akatamathesia (ah-kat-am-ath-e'-ze-ah) [&, priv.; 
Karap.aBri<Tis, understanding]. Inability to understand. 

akathisia (ah-kath-e'-ze-ah) [d, priv.; Kadlfav, to be 
seated]. A name given by Lad Haskovec to a form 
of rhythmic chorea in which the patient is unable 
to remain seated; the affection resembles astasia- 
abasia. 

akidopeirastic (ak-id-o-pi-ras'-tik) [6/07, &kLs, needle; 
Tretpao-Ti/cos, proving]. Relating to the exploratory 
puncture of a diseased area by means of a stout 
needle. 

akidopeirastica (ak-id-o-pi-ras'-tik-ah) [axis, a 
point; ireipafiiv, to make a trial of]. Exploratory 
incision or puncture. 

akinesia, akinesis {ah-kin-e'-se-ah, ah-kin-e' -sis) 
[A, priv.; Klv-qcns, motion]. Lack of or imperfect 
motion; motor paralysis, a. algera, an affection 
characterized by abstinence from voluntary move- 
ment on account of pain, which any active muscular 
effort causes. The condition is probably a form of 
neurasthenia, a., crossed, a motor paralysis on the 
side opposite that in which the lesion exists, a., 
reflex, impairment or loss of reflex action. 

akinesis, cerebral, that in which the lesion is in 
the cerebrum, a. iridis, rigidity or immobility of 
the iris, a., spinal, motor impairment due to a 
lesion of the cord. 

akinetic (ah-ki-net'-ik) [akinesia]. I. Relating to 
or affected with akinesia. 2. An agent lessening 
muscular action. 

akoulalion {ah-koo-la'-le-on) [&kov€lv, to hear; XAXos, 
speech]. A mechanical contrivance to aid defective 
audition, used in training the deaf and dumb to 
speak. 

akouphone (ah'-koo-fori) [iucoveiv, to hear; <f>o>vri, 
sound], A mechanism to aid defective hearing. 

akromegaly, akromegalia (ak-ro-meg'-a-le, ak-ro- 
me-ga'-le-ah) [anpov, extremity; p,eya\t], large]. A 
disease characterized by an overgrowth of the 
extremities and of the face, including the bony as 
well as the soft parts. The etiology is unknown. 
In a number of cases the pituitary body has been 
enlarged; disease of the thyroid gland has also been 
found in some instances. 

Al. Chemical symbol of aluminum. 



AL 



33 



ALBUM 



al. i. The Arabic definite article the, prefixed to 
many words to designate preeminence, etc., as alkali, 
alcohol. 2. A chemical suffix denoting similarity to 
or derivation from an aldehyde, as chloraZ, butyraJ, 
etc. 

ala (a'-lah) [L., "a wing": pi., alee], i. A wing. 
2. Any wing-like process. 3- The arm .or shoulder; 
in animals, the shoulder-blade, a. alba lateralis, 
the nucleus of the glossopharyngeal nerve, a. alba 
medialis, the hypoglossal nucleus, a. auris, the 
pinna of the ear. a. cinerea, a triangular space 
of gray matter in the fourth ventricle of the brain, 
probably giving origin to the pneumogastric nerves. 
a. descendens, the pterygoid process of the sphenoid 
bone. a. ethmoidalis, the alar process of the eth- 
moid, alse laterales. i. The great wings of the 
sphenoid bone. 2. Wing-like processes on each 
side of the nasal spine of the frontal bone. a. lob'uli 
antra'lis, the lateral part of the median cerebellar 
lobe. a. mag'na, the great wing of the sphenoid. 
a. par'va, the small wing of the sphenoid, a. pon'tis, 
the posterior part of the roof of the fourth ventricle. 
alae majores. i. The greater wings of the sphenoid. 
2. The external labia pudendi. alae minores. 

1. The lesser wings of the sphenoid. 2. The labia 
minora pudendi. a. nasi, the lateral cartilage of 
the nose, alae parvae, the lesser wings of the sphenoid. 
alae pulmonum, the lobes of the lung, a., of sacrum, 
the flat, triangular surface of bone extending out- 
ward from the base of the sacrum, supporting the 
psoas magnus muscle, a. uvulae, a medullary layer 
running from the posterior part of the uvula of the 
cerebellum to the amygdala?, a. vespertilionis, the 
broad ligament of the uterus, alae vulvae, the labia 
of the pudendum. 

alabaster (al-a-bas'-ter). i. Hydrous calcium sul- 
phate. 2. Calcium carbonate. 

alabastrine (al-a-bas'-tren). i. Relating to or 
resembling alabaster. 2. Naphthalene. 

alalia (al-a'-le-ah) [d, priv.; XaXtd, talk], i. Im- 
pairment of articulation from paralysis of the muscles 
of speech or from local laryngeal disease. 2. Aphasia 
due to a psychic disorder, a., mental, a form 
observed in children, which consists in inability to 
speak through excessive stammering. Cf. dyslalia, 
lalophobia, mogilalia, paralalia, a., relative, same 
as a., mental. 

alalic (al-a'-lik) [a, priv.; XaXtd, talk]. Charac- 
terized by or pertaining to alalia. 

alangine, alanginum (al-an'-jin, -um). An alkaloid 
obtained from Alangium lamarkii, soluble in alcohol, 
in ether, and in chloroform; it is used as a febrifuge 
and emetic. 

alanin (al'-an-in), C3H7NO2. Lactamic acid. 
An organic base obtained by heating aldehyde 
ammonia with hydrocyanic acid in the presence of 
an excess of HC1. It occurs in aggregated hard 
nodules with a sweetish taste. It is soluble in 5 
parts of cold water; less soluble in alcohol; insoluble 
in ether, a., mercury, mercury amidopropionate. 

alant camphor. A camphor from elecampane. 
See helenin. 

alantic (al-an'-tik) [Ger., alant, elecampane]. 
Pertaining to or derived from elecampane, a. an- 
hydride, C15H20O2, a crystalline substance derived 
from the root of elecampane, melting at 66° C. 

alantin (al-an'-tin). Same as inulin. 

alantol (al-an'-tol), C20H22O. Inulol. An aro- 
matic liquid obtained from elecampane; used in the 
same manner as creosote in pulmonary tuberculosis. 

alar (a'-lar) [ala, a wing]. 1. Wing-like. 2. Re- 
lating to the shoulder, or axilla, a. ligaments, 
lateral synovial folds of the ligament of the knee- 
joint, a. ligaments, odontoid, lateral ligaments of 
the odontoid process. 

alares [pi. of alaris]. 1. The pterygoid muscles. 

2. The wings of the sphenoid. 

alaris (al-a'-ris) [ala, a wing]. Wing-shaped. 
See alar. 

alate (a'-lat) [ala]. Winged. 

alatus (al-a'-tus). 1. Winged. 2. An individual 
in whom there is a marked backward projection of 
the shoulder blades. 

alaxa (al-ak'-ser). Trade name of an aperient pre- 
paration, the chief constituent of which is cascara 
sagrada. 

alba (al'-bah) [L., "white"]. The white fibrous 
tissue of the brain and nerves, a., reticular, the 
reticulated layer of alba on the anterior half of the 
uncinate gyrus. Syn., substantia reticularis alba. 



albaras, albarras [Ar.]. A skin disease charac- 
terized by the formation of white, shining patches. 
Syn., white leprosy; baras; barras. 

albargin {al-bar'-jin) [album, white; argentum, 
silver]. A compound of silver (15 %) and gelatose 
(a transformation-product of glue). A yellow 
powder, freely soluble in water, used in treatment 
of gonorrhea in injections of 0.2 % solution 4 or s 
times daily. 

albedo (al-be'-do) [L., "whiteness"]. Whiteness. 
a. retinae, retinal edema, a. unguis, or unguium, 
the lunula of the nail. 

albefaction (al-be-fak'-shun) [albus, white; facer e, 
to make]. The act or process of blanching or ren- 
dering white. 

Albert's disease [Eduard Albert, Austrian surgeon, 
1841-1900]. Achillodynia; inflammation of the 
retrocalcanean bursa, generally secondary to osteitis 
of the os calcis. 

albescent (al-bes'-ent) [albescere, to become white]. 
Whitish. 

albicans (al'-be-kanz) [albicare, to grow white]. 
1. One of the corpora albican tia of the brain. 2. 
White; whitish. 

albicantia {al-be-kan'-she-ah) [L.]. Plural of albi- 
cans (1). _ 

albiduria (al-bid-u'-re-ah) [albidus, white; ovpov, 
urine]. White urine. Chyluria. 

Albini's nodules (ahl-be'-ne) [Giuseppe Albini, 
Italian physiologist, 1830- ]. Small nodules 
found on the free edge of the auriculoventricular 
valves in some infants. 

albinism, albinismus (al'-bin-izm, al-bin-iz' -mus) 
[albus, white]. That condition of the skin in which 
there is a congenital absence of pigment involving 
its entire surface, including the hair and the choroid 
coats and irises of the eyes. It is usually associated 
with nystagmus, photophobia, and astigmatism. 
Syn., alphosis; congenital achroma; congenital leuko- 
derma; leukcethiopia; achromatosis ; leukopathia; 
albitudo. a., acquired, a. acquisita, see vitiligo, a., 
partial, congenital absence of pigmentation in certain 
parts of the skin, appearing in irregular, white, 
sharply defined spots. Especially characteristic 
are the changes of color in the hair, often observed in 
negroes. The hairs are white and grow upon skin 
devoid of pigment, or normally colored. Syn., 
poliosis circumscripta. 

albino (al-be'-no) [Sp.]. A person affected with 
albinism. 

albinotic (al-bin-ot'-ik). Affected with albinism. 

albinuria (al-bin-u'-re-ah) [albus, white; ovpeov, 
urine]. 1. Chyluria; whiteness of the urine. 2. 
Albuminuria. 

albocinereous (al-bo-sin-e'-re-us) [albus, white; 
cinereus, gray]. Having both white and gray 
matter. 

alboferrin (al-bo-fer'-in). An odorless, light-brown 
powder, readily soluble in cold water. It is said to 
consist of albumin, 90.14 %; iron, 0.68 %; phos- 
phorus, 0.324%; amidonitrogen, 0.13%; and min- 
eral substances, 9.5 %. It is indicated in chlorosis, 
anemia, etc. Dose 15-45 gr. (1-3 Gm.) for children; 
45-75 gr. (3-5 Gm.) for adults, a day. 

albolene (aV-bo-len) [albus, white; oleum, oil], 
A hydrocarbon oil, colorless, tasteless, odorless, 
used as an application to inflamed surfaces. 

albor (al'-bor) [albus]. 1. A whiteness. 2. Egg- 
albumen. 3. [Ar., al bill.] Urine, a. cutis, a. 
nativus, albinism, a. ovi, white of egg. 

albuginea {al-bu-jin' -e-ah) [albus]. 1. White or 
whitish. 2. A layer of white fibrous tissue investing 
an organ or part. Syn., tunica albuginea. a. oculi, 
the sclerotic coat of the eye. a. ovarii, the tunica 
albuginea of the ovary, a. testis, the tunica al- 
buginea of the testicle. 

albugineotomy {al-bil-jin-e-ot'-o-me) [albuginea; 
tout], cutting]. Incision of any tunica albuginea 
(q. v.). 

albugineous (al-bu-jin'-e-us). 1. Whitish. 2. Be- 
longing to a tunica albuginea. 

albuginitis (al-bu-jin-i'-tis) [albuginea; wis, in- 
flammation]. Inflammation of a tunica albuginea. 

albugo (al-bic'-go) [L.]. 1. A white spot, as upon 
the cornea. 2. A whitish, scaly eruption. 3. The 
white of an egg. 

albukalin (al-bu'-kal-in), C8H17N2O6. A substance 
found in leukemic blood. 

albulactin (al-bu-lak'-tin). See lactalbumin. 

album {al'-bum) [albus, white]. A substance 



ALBUMEN 



34 



ALBUMOSURIA 



characterized by whiteness, a. candiense, bismuth 
subnitrate. a. cards, see a. gr cecum, a. ceti, sper- 
maceti, a. graecum, the feces of dogs fed upon 
bones, and whitened by exposure. It was formerly 
used in medicine, a. hispaniae, . a. hispanicum, 
blanc d'Espagne, bismuth subnitrate. a. nigrum, 
the feces of rats and mice, formerly used as a diuretic 
and purgative, a. ovi, white of egg. 

albumen (al-bu' -men) [albus]. The white of an 
egg. See albumin. 

albumimeter (al-bu-mim' -et-er) [albumin; fikrpov, a 
measure]. See albuminimeter . 

albumin (al-bu'-min) [albus, white]. A proteid 
substance, the chief constituent of the animal tissues. 
Its molecule is highly complex. It is soluble in 
water and coagulable by heat. It contains the 
following elements: Carbon, 51.5 to 54-5; hydrogen, 
6.9 to 7-3; nitrogen, 15.2 to 17.0; oxygen, 20.9 to 
23.5; sulphur, 0.3 to 2.0. Albumen, white of egg, 
often called albumin, is largely composed of it. 
Other varieties are called after their sources or char- 
acteristic reactions, as acid-albumin, alkali-albumin, 
muscle-albumin, serum-albumin, ovum-albumin, veg- 
etable-albumin, etc. Syn., coagulable animal lymph; 
coagulable lymph of the serum. See Axenfeld, Barral, 
Boedeker, Cohen, Furbringer, Heller, Heynsius, 
Hindenlang, Johnson, MacWilliam, Mehu, Millon, 
Oliver, Oxyphenylsulphonic Acid, Parnum, Raabe, 
Rees, Roberts, Spiegler, Tanret, Zouchlos. a., acid, 
that changed by the action of acid, a., blood-, see 
serum-albumin, a., caseiform, that variety not 
coagulated by heat, but precipitated by acids. 
a., circulating, that found in the fluids of the body. 
a., derived, a modification of albumin resulting from 
the action of certain chemicals upon native albumin. 
a., egg, albumin of which white of egg is the type. 
a., floating, same as a., circulating, a., imperfect, 
one which fails to give all the ordinary reactions. 
a., lacto-, see lactalbumin. a., milk, see eiweiss milch. 
a., muscle-, a variety found n muscle-juice, a., 
native, any albumin occurring normally in the tissues. 
a., organic, that forming an integral part of the 
tissue, a., serum-, see serum-albumin, a., vege- 
table, that found in various vegetable juices. 

albuminate (al-bu' -min-at). A compound of 
albumin and certain bases, as albuminate of iron. 

albuminaturia (al-bu-min-at-u'-re-ah) [albuminate; 
ovpov, urine]. The abnormal presence of albuminates 
in the urine. 

albuminid (al-bu' -min-id). Acidalbumin; syntonin. 

albuminiferous (al-bu-min-if -er-us) [albumin; f err e, 
to bear]. Yielding albumin. 

albuminimeter (al-bu-min-im' -et-er) [albumin; 
fikrpov, a measure]. An instrument for the quanti- 
tative estimation of albumin in urine. 

albuminimetry (al-bu-min-im' -et-re). The quanti- 
tative estimation of the albumin in a liquid. 

albuminiparous (al-bu-min-ip'-ar-us) [albumin; 
parere, to produce]. Yielding albumin. 

albuminofibrin (al-bu' -min-o-fi' -brin) . A compound 
of albumin and fibrin. 

albuminogenous (al-bu-min-oj'-en-us) [albumin; 
yewav, to produce]. _ Producing albumin. 

albuminoid (al-bu' -min-oid) [albumin; elSos, like- 
ness]. 1. Resembling albumin. Applied to certain 
compounds having many of the characteristics of 
albumin. 2. Any nitrogenous principle of the 
class of which normal albumin may be regarded as 
the type. a. degeneration, or disease, see amyloid 
degeneration. 

albuminolysin (al-bu-min-oV -is-in) . A lysin which 
causes destruction of albumins. 

albuminometer (al-bu-min-om' -et-er). See albu- 
minimeter. 

albuminometry. See albuminimetry. 

albuminone (al-bu' -min-on) [albumin]. A prin- 
ciple derived from certain albuminoids; it is soluble 
in alcohol and is not coagulable by heat. 

albuminorrhea (al-bu-min-or-e' -ah) [albumin; pola, 
a flow]. _ Excessive discharge of albumins. 

albuminose (al-bu'-min- os) [albumin]. 1. A product 
of the digestion of fibrin or of any albuminoid in 
very dilute hydrochloric acid; acidalbumin. 2. Al- 
bumose, or one of the products of the digestion of 
albumin by the gastric juice. 

albuminosis (al-bu-min-o' -sis) [albumin]. Abnor- 
mal increase of the albuminous elements in the blood, 
or the condition that results from such increase. 

albuminous (al-bu' -min-us) [albumin]. Containing, 
or of the nature of, albumin. 



albuminuria (al-bu-min-u'-re-ah) [albumin; ovpov, 
urine]. The presence in the urine of albumin, usually 
serum-albumin. Albumin in the urine may result 
from disease of the kidneys or from the admixture 
of blood or pus with the urine. Its presence is some- 
times not accounted for by either of these causes. 
See a., cyclic, a. acetonica, albuminuria due to 
asphyxia. Syn., anoxemic albuminuria, a. of adoles- 
cence, see a., cyclic, a., adventitious, see a., pseudo-. 
a., cardiac, that due to chronic valvular disease. 
a., cicatricial, a form in which epithelial desquama- 
tion is assumed to be replaced by tissue incapable 
of restraining the transudation of albumin from the 
blood, a., colliquative, that due to great disassim- 
ilation of the blood-corpuscles or adipose tissue. 
a., consumptive, see a., colliquative, a., cyclic, a 
condition, also known as physiological, simple, func- 
tional, or transient albuminuria, or the albuminuria 
of adolescence, in which a small quantity of albu- 
min appears in the urine, especially of the young, 
at stated times of the day; hence the term, "cyclic." 
a., dietetic, that due to the ingestion of certain 
forms of food., a., dystrophic, that dependent upon 
imperfect formation of the blood-corpuscles, a., 
emulsion, that in which the urine has a milky tur- 
bidity due to minute corpuscular elements, a., 
exudative, Gubler's name for albuminuria partially 
due to the filtration of albumin through the mem- 
branes of the kidney and also to the presence in the 
urine of products of inflammation, as in cases of 
nephritis, a., false, a mixture of albumin with the 
urine during its transit through the urinary passages, 
where it may be derived from blood, pus, or special 
secretions that contain albumin, a., febrile, that 
due to fever, or associated with acute infectious 
diseases, slight changes occurring in the glomerules 
without organic lesion, a., functional, see a., cyclic. 
a., globular, that due to destruction of blood-cor- 
puscles or dependent upon the presence of blood in 
the urine, a., gouty, albumin in the urine of elderly 
persons, who secrete a rather dense urine containing 
an excess of urea, a., intrinsic, see a., true, a., 
mixed, the presence of a true with a pseudo-albu- 
minuria. a., nephrogenous, that due to renal 
disease, a., orthostatic, a form dependent upon an 
upright posture, a., paroxysmal, same as a., cyclic. 
a., partial, a form in which it is assumed that only 
certain tubules are affected. Syn., albuminuria 
parcellaire. a., physiological, the presence of albumin 
in normal urine, without appreciable coexisting 
renal lesion or diseased condition of the system. 
a., pretuberculous, a condition observed in young 
persons as a premonitory stage of tuberculosis, 
believed to be due to the congestive action of the 
tuberculous virus upon the renal structure, a.: 
pseudo-, albuminuria dependent upon the presence 
of such fluids as blood, pus, lymph, spermatic fluid, 
or the "contents of an abscess cavity, in the urine. 
Syn., adventitious albuminuria, a., residual, a form 
in which a small amount of albumin may persist 
following an attack of nephritis, a., true, that due 
to the excretion of a portion of the albuminous 
constituents of the blood with the water and salts of 
the urine. Syn., intrinsic albuminuria. 

albuminuretic (al-bii-min-u-ret'-ik). 1. Causing 
albuminuria. 2. A drug which causes albuminuria. 

albuminuric (al-bil-min-u'-rik) [see -albuminuria]. 
Associated with, of the nature of, or affected by, 
albuminuria. 

albumoid (al'-bu-moid). A protein found in 
cartilage and in the crystalline lens; it is but slightly 
soluble in acid and alkaline solutions, and insoluble 
in neutral solutions. 

albumone (al-bu'-mon). A protein found in the 
blood; it cannot be coagulated by heat. 

albumoscope (al-bu' -mo-skop) [albumin; o-Ko-n-elv, to 
examine]. An appliance for determining the presence 
and amount of albumin in urine. 

albumose (al'-bu-m6s) [albumin]. Any albu- 
minoid substance ranking among the first products 
of the splitting-up of proteins by enzyms, and 
intermediate between the food-albumins and the 
typical peptones. According to Kuhne, there are at 
least two albumoses, antialbumose and hemialbumose. 
Hemialbumose yields the following: Protalbumose, 
deuteroalbumose, heteroalbumose, and dysalbumose. 

albumosuria (al-bu-mos-u' -re-ah) [albumose; ovpov, 
urine]. The presence of albumose in the urine. 
a., Bence- Jones', see a., myelopathic, a., myelo- 
pathic, a condition marked by persistent occurrence 



ALBURNUM 



35 



ALDOR'S METHOD 



of albumose in the urine, accompanied by softening 
of the bones, owing to sarcomatous disease. 

alburnum (al-ber'-num) [L., "sap-wood"]. In bi- 
ology, young wood, sap-wood. 

albus (al'-bus) [L.]. White. 

alcali (al'-ka-li). See alkali. 

alcaptonuria (al-kap-ton-u'-re-ah). See alkapto- 
nuria. 

alcarnose (al-kar'-noz). A nutrient preparation 
containing maltose combined with albumoses. 

alchemy (al'-kem-e) [At., of doubtful derivation]. 
The supposed art of the transmutation of metals 
(into gold) and of finding a remedy for all diseases. 

Alcock's canal [Thomas Alcock, English anatomist, 
1784-1833]. A canal formed by the separation of 
the layers of the obturator fascia for the transmission 
of the pudic nerve and vessels. 

alcogel (al'-ko-jel). A jelly-like combination of 
alcohol and silicic acid. 

alcohol (al'-ko-hol) [Ar., al-koh'l, the fine powder 
for staining eyelids]. 1. Any compound of an 
organic hydrocarbon radical with hydroxyl. Alco- 
hols are classed as monacid (monatomic), diacid 
(diatomic), and triacid (triatomic), according to the 
number of hydroxyl radicals present in the molecules. 
2. Ethyl-alcohol, C2H5OH: A liquid obtained by 
the distillation of fermented grain or starchy sub- 
stance. It is inflammable, colorless, and possesses a 
pungent odor and burning taste. Internally, it is a 
cerebral excitant and cardiac stimulant; in large 
doses a depressant, narcotic poison, producing mus- 
cular incoordination, delirium, and coma. It exists 
in wine, whisky, brandy, beer, etc., and gives to them 
their stimulant properties. Commercial alcohol 
contains 92.3 % of absolute alcohol with 7.7 % of 
water. It is valuable as a cardiac stimulant in acute 
failure of the heart's action and in adynamic con- 
ditions, a., absolute (alcohol absolutum, U. S. P.), 
ethyl-alcohol deprived of water, a., benzyl, CtHsO, 
obtained from benzaldehyde by the action of sodium 
amalgam, a., caustic, sodium ethylate. a., chlor- 
ethyl, C2H5OCI, a substitution-product of ethyl- 
alcohol in which one atom of hydrogen is replaced 
by one atom of chlorine, a., cinnamic, a., cin- 
namyl, a., cinnamylic, C9H10O, yellowish needles or 
crystalline masses obtained from the distillation of 
styracin. It is soluble in alcohol, ether, water, 
glycerol, and benzine; melts at 30°-33° C; boils at 
250 C. It is antiseptic and is a deodorizer in a 12.5% 
glycerol solution. Syn., styrilic alcohol; crystallized 
styrone. a., denatured, alcohol into which some 
other substance has been introduced, rendering it 
unfit for drinking but still useful for other purposes. 
a. deodoratum, ethyl-alcohol from which odorous 
and coloring-matters have been removed by filtration 
through charcoal, a., dilute (alcohol dilutum, U. 
S. P.) contains 41.5 %, by weight, of alcohol, a., 
ethyl-, see alcohol (2). a., fatty, one obtained from a 
hydrocarbon of the fatty series, a., iso-, an alcohol 
derived from a hydrocarbon containing carbon atoms 
which unite directly with more than two other carbon 
atoms, a., methyl-, CH4O, commonly known as 
"wood spirit." a., phenic, same as phenol, a., 
primary, a., secondary, a., tertiary, an alcohol pro- 
duced by the replacement of 1, 2, or 3 hydrogen 
atoms in carbinol by alkyls. a., unsaturated, that 
derived from the unsaturated alkylens in the same 
manner as the normal alcohols are obtained from 
their hydrocarbons. In addition to the general 
character of alcohols, they are also capable of directly 
binding two additional affinities, a., wood-, see 
a., methyl-. 

alcoholase (al'-ko-hol-as). A ferment which con- 
verts lactic acid into alcohol. 

alcoholate (al'-ko-hol-at). 1. A chemical com- 
pound, as a salt, into which an alcohol enters as a 
definite constituent. 2. A preparation made with 
alcohol. 

alcoholature (al-ko-hoV -at-chur) [Fr., alcoolature]. 
An alcoholic tincture. 

alcoholic (al-ko-hol'-ik) [Arabic: al, the; koh'l, 
finely powdered antimony]. 1. Pertaining to, con- 
taining, or producing alcohol. 2. One addicted to 
the use of spirituous drinks, a. radicals, the name 
applied to the univalent hydrocarbon radicals which 
unite with OH to form alcohols. 

alcoholica (al-ko-hoV -ik-ah) . In pharmacy, alco- 
holic preparations. 

alcoholimeter (al-ko-hol-im' -et-er) . See alcoholom- 
eter. 



alcoholism (aV -ko-hol-izm) . The morbid results of 
excessive or prolonged use of alcoholic liquors. The 
term acute alcoholism has been used as a synonym 
for inebriety. The chronic form is associated with se- 
vere disturbances of the digestive and nervous systems. 

alcoholist (al-ko-hol'-ist). An individual affected 
with alcoholism. 

alcoholization (al-ko-hol-iz-a' -shun) . The art or 
process of alcoholizing; the state of being alcoholized; 
the product of the process of alcoholizing. 

alcoholize (al'-ko-hol-tz). _ 1. To impregnate with 
alcohol. 2. To convert into an alcohol. 3. To 
reduce to a very subtle powder. 

alcoholomania (al-ko-hol-o-ma' -ne-ah) . Morbid 
craving for intoxicating beverages. 

alcoholometer (al-ko-hol-om' -et-er) [alcohol; ukrpov, 
a measure]. A hydrometer or other instrument 
used in determining the percentage of alcohol in 
any liquid. 

alcoholometry (al-ko-hol-om' -et-re) [alcohol; ukrpov, 
a measure]. The determination 'of the proportion of 
alcohol present in any liquid. 

alcoholophilia (al-ko-hol-o-fiV -e-ah) [alcohol; 4>iXeZv, 
to love]. The appetite for strong drink; a craving 
for intoxicants. 

alcolene (aV -ko-len) . A mixture of ethyl and 
methyl alcohols. 

alcometrical (al-ko-met' -rik-al) , Relating to the 
estimation of the amount of alcohol in a liquid. 

aldehydase (al-de-hi'-das). An oxydase, capable 
of oxidizing certain aldehydes to the corresponding 
acids. 

aldehyde (al'-de-hid) [al, the first syllable of 
alcohol; dehyde, from dehydrogenatum]. 1. A class 
of compounds intermediate between alcohols and 
acids, derived from their corresponding primary 
alcohols by the oxidation and removal of 2 atoms of 
hydrogen, and converted into acids by the addition 
of an atom of oxygen. They contain the group 
COH. 2. C2H4O. Alcohol deprived of 2 atoms of 
hydrogen, or acetic aldehyde. It is a colorless, limpid 
liquid with a characteristic odor, a.-alcoholate, 
C4H10O2, an addition compound of acetic acid and 
ethyl-alcohol, a.-ammonia, C2H4ONH3, obtained 
from aldehyde by action of dry ammonia; soluble 
in water, slightly soluble in ether. Syn., ammoniated 
ethylic aldehyde; acetylammonium ; ammonium alde- 
hydate; ethidene hydramine. a., anisic, C8H8O2, 
results on oxidizing various essential oils (anise, 
fennel, etc.) with dilute HNO3. a., aromatic, an 
aldehyde obtained as an oxidation-product of a 
primary aromatic alcohol and in turn giving rise by 
oxidation to a monobasic aromatic acid, a., benzoic, 
C7H6O, the oil of bitter almonds. Syn., benzalde- 
hyde. a. characteristic, the univalent radical, 
C(H)=0, common to the aldehydes, a., cinnamic, 
CgHsO, the chief ingredient of_ the essential oil of 
cinnamon and cassia, a., collidin, a., collinic, an 
oxidation-product of albuminoids and gelatin; a 
colorless, viscid oil with odor like oil of cinnamon. 
a., formic, CH2O or HCHO is microbicidal and anti- 
septic. Syn., formaldehyde, a., glycolyl, CH2(OH) .- 
CHO, an oxidation-product of tartaric acid when di- 
gested with water at 50°-6o° C. a., isobutylic, a., 
isobutyryl, C4H8O, a transparent, colorless, highly 
refractive, pungent liquid; sp. gr., 0.797 at 15 C; 
soluble in alcohol; boils at 6i° C. a., isovaleral, a., 
isovaleric, C5H10O, a pungent, oily liquid, with an 
odor of apples, obtained from oxidation of amyl- 
alcohol; sp. gr., 0.804 at 15 C; miscible in alcohol 
and ether; boils at 92. 5° C. a., pyroracemic, CH3 .- 
CO . CHO, a yellow volatile oil obtained by boiling 
isonitrosoacetone with dilute sulphuric acid. Syn., 
acetylformyl; methylglyoxal ; propanalon. a., thio-, 
an aldehyde in which the oxygen in the aldehyde 
characteristic is replaced by sulphur, a., toluic, 
a., toluylic, CsHsO, a substance occurring in 3 iso- 
meric forms, all of which are liquids. 

alder (al'-der). See alnus. 

aldin (al'-din) [see aldehyds]. An amorphous 
basic chemical substance, formed from an ammonia 
compound of aldehyde. Several aldins are known. 

aldol (al'-dol) [see aldehyde], C4H8O2. A colorless, 
odorless liquid, obtained by the action of dilute 
HO on crotonaldehyde and acetaldehyde. It is 
miscible with water, and at o° has a sp. gr. of 1.120; 
upon standing, it changes to a sticky mass that can- 
not be poured. 

y. Aldor's method of testing for proteose in 
urine. Use 10 Cc. of urine; acidify with hydro- 



ALDOSES 



36 



ALGOR 



chloric acid, and add phosphotungstic acid until no 
more precipitate occurs. Centrifugate the solution; 
wash the precipitate with absolute alcohol until the 
latter is free from color. Dissolve the precipitate in 
water to which^is added a little potassium hydroxide. 
If the solution turns blue, heat gently until colorless. 
When cool apply the biuret test; if positive, proteoses 
are present. 

aldoses (al'-do-sez) [see aldehyde]. Carbohydrates 
which contain the aldehyde group, CHO. The 
aldehyde alcohols, containing the atomic group 
CH(OH) . CHO. 

aldoxim, or aldoxime (al-doks'-im) [see aldehyde}. 
Products derived from aldehydes by the substitution 
of the oxim group N . OH for oxygen. 

ale (al) IAS., ealu]. An alcoholic beverage brewed 
from malt and hops. It contains from 3 to 7 % of 
alcohol. 

alecrthal (ah-les'-ith-al) [a, priv.; XeicLdos, yolk]. 
A term applied to certain ova having the food- 
yolk absent, or present only in very small quantity. 

alegar (a'-le-gar). Vinegar made of ale. 

aleipsis (al-lp'-sis) [aXeupis, an anointing]. Steato- 
sis; fatty degeneration. 

alembic (al-em'-bik) [Ar., al, the; a/*/3i£, a cup]. 
A vessel used for distillation. 

alembroth (al-em' -broth) [origin unknown]. An 
old name for a compound of the chlorides of am- 
monium and mercury. Its solution has been used 
as an antiseptic. 

Aleppo "boil, A. button, A. evil, A. pustule, A. ulcer. 
See furunculus orientalis. 

alepton P (al-ep' -ton) . Colloidal ferromanganese 
peptonate. 

alepton S. Colloidal ferromanganese saccharate. 

aletocyte (al-e'-to-sit) [dX^rijs, wanderer; kvtIs, a 
small box, a cell]. A wandering cell. 

aletrin (al'-et-rin). See aletris. 

aletris (al'-et-ris). Star-grass; unicorn-root; star- 
wort; colic root. The root of A. farinosa. It is 
tonic, diuretic, and anthelmintic, and was formerly a 
popular domestic remedy in colic, dropsy, and chronic 
rheumatism. Dose of fluidextract 10-30 min. (0.65- 
2.0 Cc); of tincture (1 in 8 proof spirit) 1-2 dr. 
(4-8 Cc); of aletrin, the extractive, J-4 gr. (0.016- 
0.26 Gm.). 

aleudrin (a-lu'-drin). A white crystalline sub- 
stance, used as a hypnotic and sedative. It is spar- 
ingly soluble in water, but dissolves readily in alcohol, 
chloroform, ether, and fatty oils. 

aleukemia (ah-lu-ke'-me-ah) [d, priv.; Xeu/cos, white; 
alua, blood].' Deficiency in the proportion of white 
cells in the blood. 

aleukocytic (ah-lu-ko-sit'-ik) [a, priv.; leukocyte]. 
Absence of leucytosis : 

aleukocytosis (ah-lu-ko-si-to'-sis) [d, priv.; Xewcos, 
white; kvtos, cell]. A diminished or insufficient 
formation of leukocytes. 

aleurometer (al-u-rom'-et-er) [aleuron; y.krpov, a 
measure]. An instrument used for the examination 
of crude gluten as to its power of distending under 
the influence of heat, as a means of judging of the 
value of a flour for bread-making. 

aleuron (al-u'-ron) [aXevpov, flour]. 1. Wheat flour. 
2. Small, round proteid particles found in seeds. 

aleuronat (al-u' -ro-nat) [aleuron], A vegetable 
albumin used as a substitute for bread in cases of 
diabetes. 

aleuroscope (al-u' -ro-skop) . See aleurometer. 

Alexander's operation or Alexander-Adams's oper- 
ation [William Alexander, English surgeon; James 
A. Adams, Scotch surgeon]. A shortening of the 
uterine round ligaments through an inguinal incision, 
to cure retrodisplacement. 

alexanderism (al-eks-an' -der-izm) [Alexander the 
Great], The insanity of conquest; agriothymia 
ambitiosa. 

alexeteric (al-eks-e-ter' -ik) [aXefyrrip, defender]. 
Good against poison, venom, or infection. 

alexeterium (al-eks-e-te'-re-um) [&Xe£riTr)p, a de- 
fender]. An external defensive remedy against 
poison or infection, as distinguished from alexi- 
pharmac, an internal remedy. The plural alexeteria 
was formerly used to designate remedies in general, 
but applied later to those used against the poisonous 
bites of animals. 

alexia (ah-leks'-e-ah) [&, priv.; Xe£«, word]. Word- 
blindness. A form of aphasia in which the patient 
is unable to recognize written or printed characters. 
a., cortical, a variety of Wernicke's sensory aphasia 



produced by lesions of the left gyrus angularis. 
a., motor, inability to read aloud what is written or 
printed, although it is comprehended, a., musical, 
loss of the ability to read music, a., optic, inability 
to comprehend written or printed words, a., sub- 
cortical, that due to interruption of the direct con- 
nection between the optic center and the gyrus 
angularis. 

alexin (al-eks'-in) [&Xe£is, help]. 1. A defensive 
proteid existing normally in the blood; any phylaxin 
or sozin. 2. Any antibacterial substance, found in 
the blood of certain animals and giving immunity 
to certain toxins. See immunity. 

alexipharmac, alexipharmic (al-eks-e-far'-mak,, 
-mik) [&Xe!-eiv, to repel; <j>ix.pna.Kov, a poison]. 1. A 
medicine neutralizing a poison. 2. Acting as an 
internal antidote. See alexiterium. 

alexipharmacon (al-eks-e-far'-mak-on) [see alexi- 
pharmac]. Any alexipharmic medicine. 

alexipyretic (al-eks-e-pi'-ret-ik) [dXe£ew, to ward 
off; irvperos, a fever]. 1. A febrifuge. 2. Acting as a 
febrifuge. _ 

alexiterium (al-eks-it-e'-re-um). See alexeterium. 

alexocyte (al-eks'-o-sit) [dXe£ew, to ward off; /euros, 
a cell]. 1. Hankin's name for an amphophile 
leukocyte. 2. A protective cell of the body which 
is said to secrete alexins. 

aleze (ah-lez) [Fr., ale,ze}. A cloth to protect the 
bed from becoming soiled by excreta, etc. 

alga (al'-ga) [alga, a seaweed; pi., algce]. A sea- 
weed; one of a group of acotyledonous plants living 
mostly in the water. 

algae (al'-je) [alga, a seaweed]. Plural of alga, q. v. 

algaroth (al'-gar-oth) [Victor Algarotus, Veronese 
physician]. Oxy chloride of antimony. 

algefacient (al-je-fa'-shent) [algor, cold; facer e, to 
make], _ Cooling, refrigerant. 

algesia (al-je'-ze-ah) [&X70S, pain]^ 1. Pain; suffer- 
ing. ' 2. Hyperesthesia as regards the sensation of 
pain; also neuralgia. 

algesichronometer (al-je-ze-kro-nom'-et-er) [a\yos, 
pain; xp°"os, time; nerpov, a measure]. An instru- 
ment used to note the lapse of time before a nerve 
center responds to a painful stimulus. 

algesimeter (al-jes-im'-et-er) [dX7os, pain; ukrpov, 
a measure]. An instrument for determining the 
acuteness of the sense of pain, a., Bjornstrom's, 
one to test the sensibility of the skin, a., Boas', an 
instrument consisting of a pad and spring, used to 
determine the relative sensitiveness over the epigas- 
trium. The normal tolerance is 9 to 10 kilograms; 
in cases of gastric ulcer, 1 to 2 kilograms. 

algesthesis (al-jes-the'-sis) [6X705, pain; atadt]<ns, 
feeling]. The perception of pain; painful disease. 

algetic (al-jet'-ik) [ahyelv, to have pain]. Per- 
taining to, or producing, pain. 

-algia (al'-je-ah) [6X705, pain]. A suffix denoting 
pain, as odontalgia, neuralgia, etc. 

algid (al'-jid) [algidus, cold]. Cold; chilly. 
a. cholera, the cold stage of Asiatic cholera, a. 
fever, a pernicious intermittent fever, with great 
coldness of the surface of the body. a. state, the 
cold stage of a disease. 

algidism, algidity (al'-jid-izm, al-jid'-it-e) [see 
algid]. A marked sense of coldness; chilliness. 
a., progressive, see sclerema neonatorum. 

algiomotor (al-je-o-mo'-tor) [6X70$, pain; mover e, to 
move]. Causing movements attended with pain. 

algiomuscular (al-je-o-mus'-ku-lar) [dX-yos, pain; 
musculus, a muscle]. Causing pain in the muscles. 

algogenic (al-go-jen'-ik) [&X70S, pain; yewav, to 
produce]. 1. Causing neuralgic pain. 2. [algidus, 
cold; yewav, to produce.] Lowering the body- 
temperature below the normal. 

algolagnia (al-go-lag' -ne-ah) [algos; Xayveia, venery]. 
Sexual perversion in which pain enjoined or endured 
plays a part. 

algometer (al-gom'-et-er) [algos; fierpov, a measure]. 
An instrument for testing the sensibility of a part to 
pain. 

algometry (al-gom'-et-re) [6x70s, pain; fierpov, a 
measure]. The testing of pain, a., electric, a com- 
parative estimation of the pain produced by an 
induced electric current. 

algophobia (al-go-fo'-be-ah) [6X705, pain; <£6j8os, 
dread]. Unreasonable or morbid dread of pain. 

algopsychalia (al-go-si-ka'-le-ah). See psychoal- 
galia. 

algor (al'-gor) [L.]. A sense of chilliness or cold- 
ness. 



ALGOS 



37 



ALKAPTONURIA 



algos (al'-gos) [aXyos, pain]. Pain; a painful 
disease, or attack. 

algoscopy (al-gos'-ko-pe) [algor, cold; o-nowelv, to 
see]. Same as cryoscopy. 

algospasm (al'-go-spazm) [4X705, pain; awaanos, 
spasm]. Painful spasm or cramp. 

algospastic, algospasticus (al-go-spast'-ik, -us) 
[a\yos, pain; o-irao-Tucos, a pulling]. Resembling or 
of the nature of painful cramps. 

Alibert's disease (al-e-bdr') [Jean Louis Alibert, 
French physician, 1766-1837]. Mycosis fungoides. 
A.'s keloid, true keloid. 

alible (al'-e-bl) [alibilis, nutritive]. Nutritive; ab- 
sorbable and assimilable. 

alices (al'-is-ez) [L.]. Red spots preceding the 
pustulation in smallpox. 

alicyclic (al-i-si'-klik) [aXei^ap, fat; kwcXos, a 
circle]. Having the properties of both aliphatic 
(open-chain) and cyclic (closed-chain) compounds. 

alienatio (al-yen-a'-she-o). See alienation, a. 
partis, gangrene. 

alienation (al-yen-a'-shun) [alienus, strange]. Men- 
tal derangement. 

alienism (aV -yen-izm) [alienare, to deprive of 
reason]. The study and treatment of mental dis- 
orders. 

alienist (al'-yen-ist) [see alienation]. One who 
treats mental diseases; a specialist in the treatment 
of insanity. 

aliform (al'-if-orm) [ala, wing; forma, shape]. 
Wing-shaped, a. process, the wing of the sphenoid. 

alima (al-i'-mah) [aXltios, without hunger]. Ali- 
mentary substances. 

aliment (al'-im-ent) [alimentum, from alimentare, 
to nourish]. Nourishment; food, a., accessory, a., 
adjective, a condiment, a., substantive, a food with 
nutritive value as distinguished from a condiment. 

alimentary (al-im-en'-ta-re) [see aliment]. Nourish- 
ing, a. bolus, the food after mastication and just 
prior to swallowing, a. canal, a. system, a. tract, 
a. tube, the digestive tube, from the lips to the anus, 
with its accessory glands, a. duct, the thoracic duct. 

alimentation (al-im-en-ta'-shun) [alimentare, to 
nourish]. The act of supplying with food. The 
process of nourishment, a., artificial. See feeding, 
artificial, a., artificial-, forced, see feeding, forced. 
a., iodic-, the administration of iodine with the 
food, a., rectal, the nourishing of a patient by the 
administration of small quantities of concentrated 
food through the rectum, a., voluntary-, the nour- 
ishment of those who are willing to be fed, but are 
incapacitated. 

alimentotherapy (al-im-ent-o-ther'-ap-e) . The treat- 
ment of disease by systematic feeding. 

alinasal (al-i-na'-sal) [ala, a wing; nasus, the 
nose]. Pertaining to the ala nasi, or wing of the 
nose. 

alinjection (al-in-jek'-shun) [alcohol; inicere, to 
inject]. A process of preserving anatomical specimens 
by repeated injections of alcohol. 

aliphatic (al-e-fat'-ik) [aXeufyap, fat]. 1. Pertaining 
to a fat. 2. Belonging to the open-chain series of 
organic compounds, a. acid, see acid, fatty, a.- 
cyclic. See alicyclic. 

aliptic (al-ip'-tik). 1. Relating to inunction. 
2. Gymnastic; pertaining to physical culture. 

aliquot (al'-e-kwot) [alius, some; quot, how many]. 
A part of a number or quantity which will measure 
it without a remainder, as 4 is an aliquot of 12. 

alisphenoid (al-is-fe'-noid) [ala, a wing; sphenoid]. 
1. Pertaining to the greater wing of the sphenoid 
bone. 2. The bone that in adult life forms the main 
portion of the greater wing of the sphenoid. 

f OH 

alizaramid (al-iz-ar'-am-id), C14H6O2 < -^ H . A 

brown, crystalline substance obtained from boiling 
a dilute solution of alizarin in ammonia. Syn., 
amidoanthraquinon. 

alizarimid (al-iz-ar'-im-id), O4H7NO2. A violet- 
red substance obtained from fiocculent precipitated 
alizarin by action of ammonia with heat; it becomes 
nearly black on drying. 

alizarin (al-iz'-ar-in) [Ar., al, the; 'acarah, to 
extract], C14H8O4; dihydroxyanthraquinone. The red 
coloring principle occurring in Rubia tinctorum and 
in anthracene. It occurs in red, prismatic crystals, 
readily soluble in ether and alcohol. The alizarins 
form a group of the anthracene colors, a.-blue, a 
crystalline blue coloring-matter formed by heating 
nitroalizarin in combination with H2SO4 and glycerol. 



alkadermic (al-ka-der'-mik) [alkali; Sepua, skin]. 
Pertaining to or containing an alkaloid used in 
subcutaneous injection. 

alkalescence (al-ka-les'-ens) [Ar., al-qaliy, soda- 
ash]. Slight or commencing alkalinity. 

alkalescent {al-ka-les'-ent) [see alkalescence]. Some- 
what alkaline. 

alkali (al'-ka-li) [see alkalescence]. The term 
includes the hydroxides of the alkali metals; these 
are electropositive, are strong bases, uniting with 
acids to form salts, turn red litmus blue, and saponify 
fats, a.-albumin, a derived albumin; a proteid 
that has been acted upon by dilute alkalies and 
yields an alkaline reaction, a.-albuminate, a soluble 
powder used as a culture-medium in bacteriology. 
a., caustic, the solid hydroxide of potassium or sodi- 
um, a., fixed, potassium or sodium hydroxide. 
a. metals, sodium, potassium, lithium, cesium, and 
rubidium, a., organic, one forming an essential 
constituent of an organism, a., vegetable, potash or 
potassium carbonate; also applied to the alkaloids. 
a., volatile, ammonium hydroxide, which is decom- 
posed by heat with the evolution of ammonia; also 
ammonium carbonate. 

alkaligenous (al-ka-lig'-en-us) [alkali; yevrp, pro- 
ducing]. Affording or producing an alkali. 

alkalimeter (al-ka-lim'-et-er) [alkali; fierpov, a 
measure]. An instrument for estimating the alkali 
in a substance. 

alkalimetry (al-ka-lim'-et-re) [see alkalimeter]. 
The measurement of the amount of an alkali in a 
substance. 

alkaline (al'-ka-lin) [alkali]. Having the qualities 
of or pertaining to an alkali, a. air, ammonia. 
a. earths, the oxides of calcium, barium, strontium, 
and magnesium, a. metals, those whose hydroxides 
are alkalies, a. reaction, one in which red litmus 
paper is turned blue. 

alkalinity (al-ka-lin'-i-te) [alkali]. The quality of 
being alkaline. 

alkalinuria (al-ka-lin-u'-re-ah) [alkali; ovpov, urine]. 
Alkalinity of the urine. 

alkalithia (al-ka-lith'-e-ah). A proprietary effer- 
vescent preparation used in rheumatism, said to 
contain 1 gr. (0.065 Gm.) caffeine, 5 gr. (0.32 Gm.) 
lithium bicarbonate, 10 gr. (0.65 Gm.) sodium bi- 
carbonate, in each heaping teaspoonful. Dose 1 
heaped teaspoonful 3 times daily in a large glass of 
water. 

alkalization (al-ka-li-za'-shun) [alkali]. The act 
of rendering a thing alkaline; the state or quality of 
being rendered alkaline. 

alkaloid (al'-ka-loid) [alkali; r el5os, likeness]. 
Any one of the nitrogenous compounds occurring in 
plants, and resembling ammonia in being basic and 
in their method of forming salts with acids. Alka- 
loids are believed to be substituted ammonias. 
Alkaloids are, as a rule, the most active parts of 
plants; many are used in medicine, a. s, animal,. 
substances chemically like alkaloids, formed in the 
decomposition of animal tissues. See leukomaine. 
a., artificial, one produced synthetically, a., cada- 
veric, a., putrefactive, see ptomaine, a., fixed, the 
solid alkaloids; they contain carbon, hydrogen, 
nitrogen and oxygen, a., glucoside, a substance 
which exhibits the characteristics of an alkaloid, but 
is capable of decomposition into sugar and another 
substance when acted upon by dilute acid, a., 
volatile, the liquid alkaloids; they contain no oxygen. 

alkaloidal (al-ka-loid'-al) [alkali; eldos, likeness]. 
Having the qualities of an alkaloid. 

alkalometry (al-kal-om'-e-tre). Administering alka- 
loids. See dosimetry. 

alkaluretic (al-ka-lu-ret'-ik) [alkali; ovpov, urine]. 
1. Causing or tending to cause a flow of alkaline 
urine. 2. A drug rendering the urine alkaline. 

alkamin (al'-kam-in). See alkine. 

alkane (al'-kan). See paraffin (2). 

alkanet (al'-kan-et) [Sp., dim. of alcana, henna]. 
The root of the herb, Alkanna (Anchusa) tinctoria, 
yielding a red dye that is used in staining wood, 
coloring adulterated wines, and in pharmacy to 
give a red color to salves, etc. 

alkanin (al'-kan-in). See alkannin. 

alkanna-red. See alkannin. 

alkannin (al'-kan-in) [see alkanet]. Alkanna-red; 
a valuable coloring-matter obtained from alkanet. 

alkapton (al-kap'-ton). A yellowish, resinous, 
nitrogenous body occasionally found in urine. 

alkaptonuria (al-kap-ton-'-u'-re-ah) [alkapton; ovpov. 



ALKARGEN 



38 



ALLOCHESTHESIA 



urine]. The presence of alkapton in the urine. It 
has been found in cases of pulmonary tuberculosis 
and in other instances in which there were no local 
lesions or general disease. Urine containing alkapton 
turns dark on standing or on the addition of an alkali. 

alkargen (al-kar'-jen) [alkarsin; yevvav, to produce]. 
Dimethylarsenic acid, obtained from alkarsin by 
the action of water. 

alkarhein (al-kar-e'-in). A proprietary alkaline 
preparation of rhubarb and pancreatin. 

alkarsin (al-kar'-sin) [alcohol; arsenic]. _ "Cadet's 
fuming liquid"; an extremely poisonous liquid con- 
taining cacodyl. It is of a brown color, and on 
exposure to the air ignites spontaneously. 

alkasal {aV -ka-sal) . See aluminum-potassium 
salicylate. 

alkatrit (al'-ka-trit) [alkali; triturare, to rub to- 
gether]. A triturate made from an alkaloid. 

alkeins (al'-ke-inz). A collective name for the 
ethers formed from the alkines. 

alkermes (al'-kur-mez). See kermes. 

alkine (al'-kin). Any member of the acetylene 
series of hydrocarbons. Syn., alkomin. 

alkyl (al'-kil) [alkali]. The name applied to any 
of the univalent alcohol radicals, CnH 2 n+i; methyl, 
ethyl, etc., are alkyls. a.-sulphides, thioethers; 
sulphur analogues of the ethers. They are colorless 
liquids, generally insoluble in water, and possessing 
a disagreeable odor resembling that of garlic. 

alkylamine (al-kil'-am-in). A body having the 
constitution of ammonia in which an alkyl replaces 
hydrogen; i, 2, or 3 hydrogen atoms of the ammonia 
molecule may suffer this replacement, thus yielding 
primary or monalkylamines, having the general 
formula NH2(CnH2n+i); secondary or dialkylamines, 
having the general formula NH(CnH 2 n+i) (CpH 2 p+i) ; 
and tertiary or trialkylamines , of the general formula 
N(CnH 2 »+i) (CpH 2 +pi) (CgH 2g+ i). 

alkylate (al'-kil-at). A compound derived from a 
montaomic alcohol by replacement of the hydroxyl 
hydrogen by a metal. 

alkylation (al-kil-a'-shun). The exchange of 
hydroxylic hydrogen atoms for alkyls. 

alkylene (al'-ki-len). See olefin. 

alkylogen (al-kil'-o-jen). A haloid salt of an alco- 
hol radical. 

allachesthesia, allachsesthesia (al-ah-kes-the'-ze-ah) 
[dXXax^, in another place; ataOrjais, sensation]. 
Erroneous localization of tactile impressions, differing 
from allocheiria in the respect that the sensation is felt 
on the same side of the body, but in a different place 
from that in which the irritation occurs. 

allantiasis (al-an-ti'-as-is) [dXXas, a sausage]. 
Sausage-poisoning, due to the ingestion of sausages 
in which putrefactive changes have taken place. 

allantoic (al-an-to'-ik) [dXXas, a sausage; eldos, 
resemblance]. Pertaining to the allantois. a. cir- 
culation, the fetal circulation through the cord and 
the umbilical vessels, a. vesicle, the hollow allan- 
tois of certain animals. 

allantoid {al-an' -toid) [see allantoic], 1. Resembling 
a sausage. 2. Relating to the allantois. a. liquid, 
see liquor amnii spurius. 

allantoides (al-an-to'-id-ez). 1. Allantoid. 2. A 
sausage. 3. The great toe. 4. The allantois. 

allantoin (al-an' -to-in) [see allantoic], C4H6N4O3. 
A crystalline substance occurring in traces in normal 
urine, and prepared from uric acid by oxidation. 
Also the characteristic constituent of the allantoic 
fluid, and likewise found in fetal urine and amniotic 
fluid. 

allantois {al-an' -to-is) [see allantoic]. One of the 
fetal membranes derived from the mesoblastic and 
hypoblastic layers. Its function is to convey the 
blood-vessels to the chorion. The lower part finally 
becomes the bladder, the upper, the urachus. 

allantotoxicon (al-an-to-toks'-ik-on) [dXXSs, a saus- 
age; to£lk6v, a poison]. A poisonous substance, 
probably a ptomaine, that develops during the 
putrefactive fermentation of sausage. 

allaxis (al-aks'-is) [aXaaaeiv, to vary]. Meta- 
morphosis, transformation; the act or process of 
conversion into some other condition or thing. Syn., 
allage. 

allelomorph (al-e'-lo-morf) [aXhriXov, of one another; 
fj.op<t>-h, form]. In Mendelian inheritance one of a 
pair of contracted characters which become segre- 
gated in the formation of germ cells. 

allelomorphic (al-e-lo-mor'-fik). Pertaining to, or 
characteristic of an allelomorph, q. v. 



allelomorphism (al-e-lo-mor'-fizm). The presence, 
in Mendelian inheritance, of allelomorphic characters. 

allelotaxis (al-e-lo-tak'-sis) [aXhriXw, of one another; 
Td|is, arrangement]. The development of a part 
from different embryonic structures. 

Allen's iodine test [Charles Warrenne Allen, 
American physician, 1854-1906]. See under tinea 
versicolor. 

Allen's reaction for phenol. Add to one or two 
drops of the liquid to be tested a few drops of hydro- 
chloric acid and then one drop of nitric acid. A 
cherry-red coloration is produced. 

allene (al-en'), CH 2 = C=CH 2 . An isomere of 
allylene. Syn., P-allylene; isoallylene. 

allenthesis {al-en' -thesis) [aXXoj, other; e?0e<m, 
insertion]. The presence in or the introduction of 
foreign bodies into the organism. 

alleosis, or alloeosis (al-e-o'-sis) [dXXoiWis, change]. 

1. Change; alterative effect; recovery from illness. 

2. Mental disorder. 

alleotic, or allceotic (al-e-ot'-ik) [dXXoiWis, change]. 
1. Alterative. 2. A remedy or agent having an 
alterative action. 

allergen (al'-er-jen) [allergy; yewav, to produce]. 
A hypothetical substance of a toxic nature, sup- 
posed to produce allergy. 

allergy, allergia (al'-er-je, al-er'-je-a) [dXXos, other; 
ipkpyeia, energy (from epyov, work)]. A form of 
acquired immunity, in which a person reinfected 
reacts differently from the way in which he reacted 
after the primary infection. It is associated with 
anaphylaxis. 

allesthesia (al-es-the'-ze-ah) [dXXos, other; ala9j]ais, 
feeling]. Synonym of allocheiria. 

allevation (al-e-va' -shun) [ad, to; levare, to lift up]. 
1. The relief or palliation of pain. 2. The raising 
or lifting of a patient from the bed or from the 
reclining posture. 

alleviator (al-e'-ve-a-tor) [allevare, to lighten]. A 
device for raising orl iftinga sick person from the bed. 

allex (al'-eks) [L.]. Same as hallux. 

alliaceous (al-e-a'-shus) [allium, garlic]. Re- 
sembling garlic, or pertaining to the same. 

alligator-forceps (al'-e-ga-tor-for'-seps). A sur- 
geons' toothed forceps, one of the jaws of which 
works with a double lever. 

Allingham's operation [William Allingham, English 
surgeon, 1830-1908]. 1. For excision of the rectum; 
the patient in the lithotomy position, an oval incision 
is made into both ischio-rectal fossa?, around the 
bowel, and prolonged backward to the coccyx; the 
bowel is isolated, and separated with the ecraseur, 
scissors, or Paquelin cautery. 2. For hemorrhoids; 
the pile is dissected off from the muscular tissue with 
scissors, the pedicle ligated, and the mass cut off. 

3. For inguinal colotomy; the incision is from one 
and one-half to three inches long, and is made parallel 
with the outer third of Poupart's ligament, and about 
one-half inch above. A.'s painful ulcer, anal fissure. 
A.'s rectal plug, an appliance for controlling hemor- 
rhage from the rectum. 

Allis' sign [Oscar H. Allis, American surgeon]. 
Relaxation of the fascia lata between the iliac crest 
and the trochanter major is indicative of fracture of 
the neck of the femur. 

alliteration (al-it-er-a' -shun) [ad, to; liter a, letter]. 
A form of dysphrasia in which the patient arranges 
his words according to the sound. 

allium (al'-e-um) [L.]. Garlic. The undried bulb 
of A. sativum. It contains a pungent, volatile oil 
that is found also in the leek and the onion. In 
small amounts garlic acts as a condiment and aids 
in the digestion and absorption of food. In chronic 
bronchitis garlic applied as a poultice to the chest 
and internally in boiled milk is beneficial. Poultices 
of garlic applied to the spine are recommended in 
infantile convulsions and may be applied over the 
abdomen in gastrointestinal catarrh. A. cepa, the 
common onion, and A. porrum, the leek, have 
similar qualities. A., syrup of (syrupus allii), con- 
tains fresh garlic, 20 Gm.; sugar, 80 Gm.; dilute 
acetic acid, a sufficient quantity to make 100 Cc. 
Dose 1-4 dr. (4-16 Cc). 

alio-. A prefix used in chemistry to designate a 
body which has been rendered more stable by heat; 
also used to represent isomerism when there is 
"relative asymmetry." 

allocheiria. See allochiria. 

alloaesthesia (al-ok-es-the'-ze-ah). Same as alla- 
chesthesia. 



ALLOCHEZIA 



39 



ALLYL 



allochezia, allochetia (al-o-ke'-ze-ah, al-o-ke'-she-ah) 
[dXXos, other; x«f«". to desire to go to stool]. I. The 
passage of feces from the body through an abnormal 
opening. 2. The passing of non-fecal matter from 
the bowels. 

allochiria (al-o-ki'-re-ah) [dXXos, other; x«P> hand]. 
An infrequent tabetic symptom, in which, if one 
extremity be pricked, the patient locates the sensa- 
tion in the corresponding member of the other side. 

allochroic (al-lo-kro'-ik) [dXXos, another; xp^pa. 
color]. Of changeable or diversified color. 

allochroism (al-ok'-ro-izm) [dXXos, other; xp&p-a. 
color]. 1. Variation in color. 2. A change of color. 

allochromasia (al-o-kro-ma' -ze-ah) [dXXos, other; 
XP&pa. color]. 1. Change of color in a part or tissue. 
2. Color-blindness. 

allocinetic (al-o-sin-et'-ik) . See allokinetic. 

allogamy (al-og' -am-e) [dXXos, other; yap.os, 
marriage]. In biology, cross fertilization. 

allogotrophia (al-o-go-tro' -fe-ah) [alios; rpefaiv, to 
nourish]. The nourishment of one part of the body 
at the expense of some other part. 

alloisomerism (al-o-i-som'-er-izm) [dXXos, other; 
iaofiep-fis, having equal parts]. The application of 
the same structural formula to many different com- 
pounds; a variety of isomerism. 

allokinetic (al-o-kin-ef -ik) [dXXos, other; kIvt]<tis, 
motion]. Moved or set in motion by external 
impressions or forces; not auto kinetic. 

allolalia (al-o-la' -le-ah) [alios; \a\elv, to speak]. 
Any perversion of the faculty of speech. See alalia. 

allolalic (al-o-lal'-ik) [dXXos, other; XaKelv, to 
speak]. Affected with allolalia. 

allomerism (al-om'-er-izm) [dXXos, other; /ikpos, 
shape]. In chemistry, the property of retaining a 
constant crystalline form while -the chemical con- 
stituents present, or their proportions, vary. 

allomorphic, allomorphous, allomorphus (al-o-mor' '• 
fie, -us). Affected with allomorphism. 

allomorphism (al-o-mor f'-izm) [dXXos, other; nop<prj, 
shape]. The property possessed by certain sub- 
stances of assuming a different form while remaining 
unchanged in constitution. 

allopath, allopathist (al'-o-path, al-op' -ath-ist) 
[dXXos, other; iraBos, affection]. One who practises 
allopathy. A common, but incorrect designation 
for a regular practitioner. 

allopathy (al-op' -a-the)]a\\os, other; waBos, affection]. 
According to Hahnemann, the inventor of the 
term, that method of the treatment of disease con- 
sisting in the use of medicines the action of which 
upon the body in health produces morbid phenomena 
different from those of the disease treated; errone- 
ously used of the regular medical profession; opposed 
to homeopathy. 

allophasis (al-off' -as-is) [AXXos, other; </>&<ris, 
speech]. Incoherency of speech; delirium. 

allophemy (al-off' -e-me) [dXXos, other; <pijtit, to 
speak]. v See heterophemy. 

alloplast (al'-o-plast) [dXXos, other; -n-Xaaros, form, 
mold]. In biology, a plastid composed of several 
tissues; the opposite of homoplast. 

allorrhythmia (al-or-rith'-me-ah) [alios; pvdubs, 
rhythm]. Variation in intervals of the pulse. 

allosan (al'-o-san). The allophanic acid ester of 
santalol. It is a white, crystalline powder, used as 
santalol. 

allosteatodes (al-o-ste-at-o'-dez) [dXXos, other; 
o-Tearudris, fat-like]. Marked by perversion or mor- 
bidity of the sebaceous secretion. 

allotherm (al'-o-therm) [dXXos, other; Bkpp.i\, heat]. 
An organismfwhose temperature is directly dependent 
on its culture-medium. 

allotoxin (al-o-toks'-in) [dXXos, other; to^lkov, poison]. 
Any substance, produced by tissue-metamorphosis 
within the organism, that tends to shield the body 
by destroying microorganisms or toxins that are 
inimical to it. 

allotriodontia (al-ot-re-o-don'-she-ah) [dXXorpios, 
strange; 65ovs, tooth]. 1. The transplanting of 
teeth from one person to another. 2. The existence 
of teeth in abnormal situations, as in tumors. 

allotriogeustia (al-ot-re-o-gus'-te-ah) [dXXorpioj, 
strange; yevovs, taste]. Perversion of the sense of 
taste; abnormity of the appetite. 

allotriolith (al-ot'-re-o-lith) [dXXorpios, strange; 
Xiflos, stone]. A calculus composed of unusual 
material or formed in an abnormal situation. 

allotriolithiasis (al-ot-re-o-lith-i' -as-is) [dXXorpios, 
strange; X#os, a stone]. The formation or existence 



of a calculus of unusual material, or composed 
entirelyor in part of a foreign body. 

allotriophagy (al-ot-re-off'-a-je) [dXXorpios, strange ; 
_4>ayelv, to eat]. Depraved or unnatural appetite. 

allotriotexis (al-ot-re-o-teks'-is) [&\\6tp<.os, strange; 
re£is, birth]. 1. Abnormality in delivery. 2. The 
birth or delivery of a monstrosity. 

allotriuria (al-ot-re-u'-re-ah) [dXXorptos, strange; 
ovpov, urine]. Abnormality of the urine. 

allotrope (al'-o-trop) [see allotropic}. One of the 
forms in which an element capable of assuming dif- 
ferent forms may appear. 

allotrophic (al-o-trof'-ik) [dXXos, other; rpo<pij, 
nourishment]. Having perverted or modified char- 
acters as a nutrient. 

allotropic (al-o-trop'-ik) [dXXos, other; rpoiros, 
manner], r. Characterized by allotropism. 2. Re- 
lating to or marked by isomerism. 

allotropism (al-ot' -rop-izm) [see allotropic]. 1. The 
term expresses the fact of certain elements existing 
in two or more conditions with differences of physical 
properties; thus, carbon illustrates allotropism by 
existing in the forms of charcoal, plumbago, and the 
diamond. . 2. Appearance in an unusual or ab- 
normal form. 

allotropy (al-ot'-ro-pe). Allotropism. 

allotrylic (al-o-tril'-ik) [dXXorpios, foreign; 6X17, 
matter]. Due to the presence of a foreign prin- 
ciple or material; enthetic. a. affections, morbid 
states caused by the lodgment of foreign substances 
in the organism. The foreign substance may be 
animate or inanimate, organic or inorganic. 

alloxamide (al-oks'-am-id) [alloxan; amide], A 
substance, C8H4N4O1, obtained from alloxan by the 
action of ammonia. 

alloxan (al-oks'-an) [allantoin; oxalic], C4H2N2O4. 
A crystalline substance produced by the oxidation of 
uric acid. 

alloxantin (al-oks-an' -tin) [alloxan], C8H4N4O7 
+3H2O. A substance obtained by reducing alloxan 
with SnCb, zinc, and HC1, or H2S in the cold. It 
occurs in small, hard, colorless prisms that turn red 
when treated with ammonia. 

alloxin (al-oks'-in) [allantoin]. Any of a series of 
xanthin bases, the result of the splitting-up of 
chromatin, and which on oxidation produce uric 
acid. 

alloxur, alloxuric (al-oks'-ur, al-oks-u'-rik) [dXXos, 
other; o£us, sharp]. A term applied by Kossel and 
Kriiger to the xanthin bases, from the fact that 
these, like uric acid, contain alloxan and urea groups. 
a. bases, a. bodies, xanthin, hypoxanthin, guanin, 
paraxanthin, adenin. 

alloxuremia (al-oks-u-re'-me-ah) [alloxur; uremia]. 
Toxemia due to the resorption of the xanthin or 
alloxur bases. 

alloxuria (al-oks-u'-re-ah) [alloxur; ovpov, urine]. 
The pathological secretion of alloxur bodies (uric acid, 
xanthin, hypoxanthin, paraxanthin, adenin, carnin, 
etc.) in the urine. 

alloy (al-oi') [Fr. aloyer, from L. alligare, to com- 
bine]. 1. A compound of two or more metals by 
fusion. 2. The least valuable of two or mor£ metals 
that are fused together. 

allspice (awl' -spls). The fruit of Eugenia pimenta. 
a., Carolina, the leaves of Calycanthus fioridus, 
having the properties of an aromatic stimulant. 
See pimenta. 

alius (al'-us) [L.]. The great toe. a. pollex, the 
thumb. 

allyl (al'-il) [allium, garlic], C3H5. A univalent 
alcohol radical. Syn., allylum; acryl. a. acetate. 
1. C3H5 . C2H3O, an aromatic liquid with sharp 
taste, boiling at I03°-I04° C. 2. A salt of allylacetic 
acid. a. alcohol, C3H5HO. A colorless, inflammable 
liquid, with pungent odor, boiling at 97° C. a. 
aldehyde, C3H4O. A synonym of acrolein, a. 
borate, (CsHs^BOs, a liquid giving off pungent, 
irritating vapors which cause a flow of tears; it boils 
at i68°-i75° C. a. bromide, C 3 H 5 Br, a liquid with 
pungent odor; sp. gr., 1.436 at 15° C; soluble in 
alcohol and ether; boils at 70°-7i° C. Syn., bromo- 
propylene. a. carbamine, CN . C3H5, a liquid ob- 
tained by heating allyl iodide with silver cyanide; 
it has an extremely foul and penetrating odor; boils 
at q6°-io6° C. Syn., allyl cyanide; allyl isocyanide. 
a. carbimide, CO . NC3H5, a foul liquid causing flow 
of tears, formed by the action of potassium pseudo- 
cyanate upon allyl iodide. Syn., allyl isocyanate; 
allyl carboxylamine ; allyl pseudocyanate. a. chloride, 



ALL YL AMINE 



40 



ALOPECIA 



C3H5CI, a pungent liquid; sp. gr., 0.937 at 20 C; 
boils at 45 C. Syn., chlorotritylen. a. cyanamide. 
See sinamine. a. dioxide, C6H16O3, a colorless liquid 
obtained from allyl alcohol by action of glycerol and 
oxalic acid; sp. gr., 1.16 at 16 C; boils at I7i°-i72° * 
C.; soluble in water, alcohol, and chloroform. Syn., 
diallyl oxide, a. iodide, C3H5I, a pungent liquid; 
sp. gr., 1.848 at 12 C; soluble in alcohol; boils at 
ioo°-i02° C. It is a reaction-product of phos- 
phorus, iodine, and allyl alcohol, a. mustard oil, 
CS . N . C3H6. The principal constituent of ordinary 
mustard oil. Syn., allyl pseudosulphocyanate ; allyl 
pseudothiocyanate ; allyl isothiocyanate ; allyl isosul- 
phocyanate; allyl thiocarbimide. a. nitrate, C3H5 .- 
NO3, a mobile liquid of pungent odor, boiling at 
106 C, formed from silver nitrate by action of allyl 
bromide, a. phenol, C9H10O, a body obtained from 
anisic aldehyde by action of potash ; it forms laminar 
crystals, a. sulphate, C3H5HSO4, a substance 
acting as a monobasic acid and forming salts called 
allyl sulphates. Syn., allyl-sulphuric acid; allyl 
and hydrogen sulphate, a. sulphide, (CsHs^S, the 
essential oil of garlic. It is stomachic and sedative. 
a. thiocyanate, NC . SC3H6, a colorless, . strongly 
refracting, oily liquid, with odor of garlic and hydro- 
cyanic acid, isomeric with allyl mustard oil and 
producing headache, nervous excitement, and nausea 
when inhaled. Syn., artificial oil of mustard; allyl 
sulphocyanide. a. tribromide, C3HsBr3, a colorless 
liquid used as an antispasmodic. Dose 5 drops. 

allylamine (al-W -am-in) [allium; amide], NH2- 
(C3H5]. Ammonia in which a hydrogen atom is 
replaced by allyl. It is a caustic liquid. 

almatein (al-mat'-e-in). A compound of hema- 
toxylin and formaldehyde: it has no odor, and has 
been recommended az a substitute for iodoform. 

Almen's reagent for blood [August Almen, Swedish 
physiologist, 1833- ]. A liquid containing blood 
or blood-coloring matters, if well shaken with a 
mixture of equal parts of tincture of guaiacum and 
oil of turpentine, becomes blue. A.'s test for glucose, 
heat the liquid with a solution of bismuth subnitrate 
dissolved in caustic soda and Rochelle salts; if it 
contains glucose, the liquid becomes cloudy, dark 
brown, or nearly black in color, and finally a black 
deposit appears. 

almond (ah'-mond) [ME., almonde]. See amyg- 
dala, a.-bran, a cosmetic powder consisting of 
perfumed powdered almonds and borax, a.-bread, 
a variety of bread made from almond flour, for use 
in diabetes as a substitute for ordinary bread. 
a.-eyed, applied to the Mongolian race on account of 
the peculiar elliptical form and slanting appearance of 
the eyelids, a. of the ear, a. of the throat, the 
tonsil, a. mixture, see under amygdala, a. oil, 
oleum amygdalae. See amygdala, a. oil, bitter, 
oleum amygdalae amaras. See under amygdala. 
a.-paste, a magma of bitter almonds, alcohol, white 
of egg, and rose-water, used to soften the skin and 
prevent the hands and lips from chapping. 

alnuin (al'-nu-in) [Celtic, al, near; Ian, a river- 
bank]. A precipitate from the tincture of Alnus 
rubra. Said to be alterative and resolvent. Dose 
gr. ii-x. 

Alnus (al'-nus) [L.]. 1. Alder-bark. 2. A genus 
of shrubs and trees of the order Cupuliferce. A. 
glutinosa, common European alder, has astringent 
bark and leaves, which are used in intermittent fever 
and as an application in wounds and ulcers. A. 
serrulata contains tannic acid. The decoction of 
bark and leaves is astringent and used as a gargle 
and as a lotion for wounds and ulcers. Dose of 
powdered bark 10 gr. (0.65 Gm.); of the fluidextract 
30-60 min. (2-4 Cc). A. incana has qualities 
similar to A. serrulata. It is recommended as a 
hemostatic. 

alochia (ah-lo' -ke-ah) [&, priv.; Xoxta, the lochia]. 
Absence of the lochia. 

Aloe (al'-o). _ A genus of liliaceous plants. See 
aloes, a. americana, see agave, a.-resin, an amor- 
phous resinous constituent of aloes obtained as a de- 
posit from a hot aqueous solution of aloes on cooling. 

aloedary (al'-o-ed-a-re). A compound aloetic 
purgative medicine. 

aloeretin (al-o-e-re'-tin). See aloe-resin. 

aloes (al'-oz) [&\6rj, the aloe]. The inspissated 
juice of several species of aloe, of which Aloe socotrina, 
A. barbadensis, and A. capensis are most commonly 
used. Its properties are due to a glucoside, aloin, 
C17H18O7. It is a tonic astringent, useful in amenor- 



rhea, chronic constipation, and atonic dyspepsia. 
It is also an emmenagogue and anthelmintic. Dose 
2-5 gr. (0.13-0.32 Gm.). a.-bitter, a bitter principle 
obtained from aloes by evaporation of the aqueous 
extract from which the aloe-resin has been extracted, 
a.-bitter, artificial, a body obtained from aloes by 
action of nitric acid, a., decoctum, compositum 
(B. P.), Socotrine aloes, myrrh, and saffron, of each, 
2 parts; potassium carbonate, 4 parts; licorice-juice, 
24 parts; water, 768 parts; reduce by boiling to 642 
parts and add 192 parts of compound tincture of 
cardamom. Dose \-2 gr. (0.032-0.13 Gm.). a., 
enema (B. P.), aloes, potassium carbonate, and 
mucilage of starch, a. et asafcetidae, pilulae (B. P.), 
aloes and asafetida, of each, i\ gr. (0.1 Gm.). a. et 
ferri, pilulae (U. S. P., B. P.), contain 1 gr. (0.065 
Gm.) each of aloes, ferrous sulphate, and aromatic 
powder, incorporated with confection of roses, a. et 
mastiches, pilulae (U. S. P., B. P.), "Lady Webster's 
pills," contain aloes, 2 gr. (0.13 Gm.); mastic and 
red rose, § gr. (0.032 Gm.). a. et myrrhae, pilulae 
(U. S. P., B. P.), each contains aloes, 2 gr. (0.13 Gm.); 
myrrh, 1 gr. (0.065 Gm.); aromatic powder, \ gr. 
(0.032 Gm.), mixed with syrup, a. et myrrhae, 
tinctura (U. S. P., B. P.), aloes, 10; myrrh, 10; 
alcohol, 100 parts. Dose \-z dr. (2-8 Cc). a., 
extractum (U. S. P.). Dose 2 gr. (0.12 Gm.). 
a., extractum, aquosum, prepared by mixing aloes 
1 part with 10 parts boiling water, straining and 
evaporating. Dose §-5 gr. (0.032-0.32 Gm.). 
a., hepatic, dark, liver-colored aloes, mostly Bar- 
badian, a., pilulae (U. S. P., B. P.), aloes and soap, 
of each, 2 gr. (0.13 Gm.). a. purificata (U. S. P.), 
the common drug purified by solution in alcohol 
and evaporation. Dose 1-5 gr. (0.065-0.32 Gm.). 
a. socotrinae, pilula (B. P.), contains Socotrine aloes, 
hard soap, oil of nutmeg, and confection of roses. 
Dose 5-10 gr. (0.32-0.65 Gm.). a., tinctura (U. S. P., 
B. P.), consists of aloes, 10; licorice, 10; dilute 
alcohol, 100 parts. Dose \-2 dr. (2-8 Cc). a., 
yinum (B. P.), has aloes, 6; cardamom, 1; ginger, 1; 
white wine, 100 parts. Dose 1-4 dr. (4-16 Cc). 

aloetic (al-o-et'-ik) [aloes]. Containing or per- 
taining to aloes. 

aloetin {al-o-e' -tin) . 1. Aloe-resin. 2. A yellow, 
crystalline principle obtainable from aloes. 

alogia (ah-lo' -je-ah) [&, priv.; X670S, word, reason]. 

1. Inability to speak, due to some psychical defect. 

2. Stupid or senseless behavior. 

alogotrophy (al-o-got'-rofe) [aAo-yos, strange, absurd; 
rpo4>i), nutrition]. Irregular and perverted nutrition, 
leading to deformity. 

aloin (al'-c-in) [aloes]. A bitter principle found 
in aloes. It forms fine needles, possesses a very bitter 
taste, and acts as a strong purgative. Several 
glucosides of this name are described, as, barbaloin, 
nataloin, zanaloin, socaloin. Dose §-2 gr. (0.032- 
0.13 Gm.). 

aloisol (al-o-is-oV) . An oily liquid obtained from 
the distillation of aloes with quicklime. 

alopecia (al-o-pe'-she-ah) [iXwireda, a disease of 
foxes resembling mange]. Deficient hair; baldness. 
It may be universal or partial, congenital or acquired. 
It follows a large number of systemic affections. 
Syn., lapsus capillorum; defluxio capillorum; vulpis 
morbus, a. adnata, see a., congenital, a. areata, 
that condition in which, suddenly or slowly, one or 
several, usually asymmetrically distributed, patches 
of baldness appear upon the hairy regions of the 
body, more often upon the scalp and parts covered 
by the beard. Syn., area Celsi; tinea decalvans; 
porrigo decalvans; alopecia circumscripta, a., ca- 
chectic, that due to general malnutrition, a. cir- 
cumscripta, see a. areata, a., congenital, a rare form, 
seldom complete, due to absence of hair-bulbs. 
a. furfuracea, a form of baldness associated with 
a disorder of the scalp, marked by hyperemia, itching, 
and exfoliation of dry or fatty scales from its surface. 
It may be acute or chronic, and produce a dryness, 
brittleness, and lack of luster in the hair. Syn., 
alopecia pityroides capillitii; pityriasis capitis; 
seborrhea capillitii; pityriasis simplex, a. localis, 
that form occurring in one or more patches at the site 
of an injury or in the course of a nerve. Syn., 
alopecia neuritica. a. neurotica, a name given to 
baldness of trophoneurotic origin, a. orbicularis, 
same as a. circumscripta, a. pityroides capillitii, 
see a. furfuracea. a. pityroides universalis, a rapid 
and general denudation of hair occurring in debilitated 
states, preceded by abundant desquamation of fatty 



ALOXANTHIN 



41 



ALUM 



scales, a. senilis, that occurring in old age. a. sim- 
plex, the idiopathic premature baldness of young 
adults. It is most common in males, and is often 
associated with premature grayness. a. syphilitica, 
that due to syphilis, a. unguis, a. unguium, the 
falling-off of the nails. Syn., onychoptosis, a. uni- 
versalis, that in which there is a general falling-out 
of the hairs of the body. 

aloxanthin (al-oks-an'-thin), C15H10O6. A yellow 
substance obtained from barbaloin and socaloin by 
the action of potassium bichromate. 

alpenstich (alp' -en-stik) [Ger.]. A form of severe 
pleurisy or pleuropneumonia with typhoid symptoms 
peculiar to mountainous regions. 

alpha (al'-fah) [d\0a, the first letter of the Greek 
alphabet]. The Greek letter o, used in combination 
with many chemical terms to indicate the first of a 
series of isomeric bodies, as alphanaphthol. a.-eigon, 
a compound of iodine and albumin containing 15 % 
of iodine and soluble in water, a.-leukocyte, one 
disintegrating during blood-coagulation. 

alphanaphthol (al-fah-naf'-thol). A variety of 
naphthol. 

alphasol {aV -fa-sol) . Trade name of a preparation 
used as an antiseptic in rhinology and laryngology. 

alphenols (al'-fe-nolz). A class of compounds 
having the characteristics of both alcohols and 
phenols. 

alphodeopsoriasis (al-fo-de-o-so-ri'-a-sis) [dX0w5ijs, 
leprous; xj/uplaais, psoriasis]. A form of psoriasis re- 
sembling leprosy. 

alphodermia (al-fo-der' -me-ali) [a\<j>6s, white; &kpy.a, 
the skin]. Achromatosis; any disease marked by 
lack of pigmentation. 

alphol (al'-fol), C17H12O3. The salicylic ether of 
alphanaphthol, a white, crystalline powder, soluble 
in alcohol, in ether, and in fatty oils, and insoluble 
in water; melts at 83 C. It is an internal anti- 
septic. Dose 8-15 gr. (0.52-1.0 Gm.) 3 times daily. 

alphos (al'-fos) [ak<t>6s, vitiligo]. 1. An old name 
for leprosy. 2. Psoriasis. 

alphosis (al-fo'-sis) [see alphos]. Albinism; leuko- 
derma. 

alphozone (al'-fo-zon). Succinic dioxide. A white 
crystalline powder derived from hydrogen dioxide 
by. action of succinic acid. It is used as a germicide 
in dilute aqueous solutions. 

alphus (al'-fus). 1. See alphos. 2. A scrofulous 
pustular disease of the skin attended with the forma- 
tion of white cruses, a. confertus, a scrofulous form 
of impetigo with clustered lesions attended with 
formation of white crusts, a. leuce, Plenck's name 
for a skin disease marked by white spots, which 
penetrate the skin deeply and involve the hairs, and 
if pricked, a milky fluid exudes. Syn., vitiligo leuce; 
leuce. a. simplex, Plenck's name for a skin disease 
marked by white patches not involving the hairs 
and wandering from one part to the other, with 
roughening of the skin. a. sparsus, a scrofulous 
disseminated ecthyma attended with formation of 
white crusts. 

Alpinia (al-pin'-e-a)i) [Prosper Alpinus, Italian 
botanist, 1553-1617]. A genus of zingiberaceous 
tropical plants. A. chinensis, A. officinarum, and 
other species furnish galangal. 

Alquie's operation (al-ke-a') [Alexis Jacques 
Alquie, French surgeon, 1812-1865]. Alexander's 
operation. 

Alsace gum (al-sds'). See dextrin. 

alsol (al'-sol). A preparation of aluminum acetate 
and tartaric acid; used as an astringent and dis- 
infectant. 

Alstonia (al-sto' '-ne-ah) [Charles Alston, Scotch 
physician, 1683-1760]. A genus of apocynaceous 
trees and shrubs. A. constricta, the Australian fever- 
tree, yields the alkaloid alstonine. The bark is tonic, 
antiperiodic, and antipyretic, and is used in inter- 
mittent fevers. Dose of fiuidextract 30-60 min. 
(2-4 Co). A. scholaris, the devil-tree, a native of 
the East Indies, furnishes dita-bark; it is tonic, 
astringent, antiperiodic, and anthelmintic. 

alstonidin (al-ston'-id-in). An amorphous sub- 
stance contained in a variety of dita-bark. 

alstonin (al-sto' -nin). An amorphous substance 
contained in a variety of dita-bark. 

alstoninine. A crystalline alkaloid, C21H20N2O4, 
obtained from Alstonia constricta. 

alt. dieb. Abbreviation for the Latin altemis 
diebus, every other day. 

alter (awl'-ter). To castrate or spay. 



alterant (awl'-ter -anf). Same as alterative. 

alterative (awl'-ter -a-tiv) [alterativus]. 1. A medi- 
cine that alters the processes of nutrition, re- 
storing, in some unknown way, the normal func- 
tions of an organ or of the system. The most im- 
portant alteratives are arsenic, iodine, the iodides, 
mercury, and gold. 2. Changing; alterant; re- 
establishing healthy nutritive processes. 

alternate (awl' -ter-nat) [alternare, to do by turns]. 
Occurring successively in space or time. a. hemi- 
plegia, see hemiplegia. 

alternating (awl' -ter-na-iing) [see alternate}. Oc- 
curring successively, a. currents, electric currents 
the direction of which is constantly changing, a. 
insanity, a form of insanity in which there are regular 
cycles of exaltation and depression. 

alternation (awl-ter-na' -shun) [see alternate]. Re- 
peated transition from one state to another, a., of 
generations. 1. In biology, a generative cycle in 
which the young do not resemble the parent, but 
like forms are separated by one or more unlike 
generations. 2. That form of reproduction in which 
some of the members of the cycle can produce new 
beings non-sexually, while in the final stage repro- 
duction is always sexual. Tenia or tapeworm, is 
an example. 

alternator (awlt-'er-na-tor). An apparatus for 
converting the direct dynamo current into an alter- 
nating current. 

Althaus' oil. An oil made as follows: Metallic 
mercury, 1 part; pure lanolin, 4 parts; 2 % phenol, 
5 parts. It is used in the treatment of syphilis in 
injections of 5 min. (0.3 Co) at a dose. 

Althea, Althaea (al-the'-ah) [L.l. Marshmallow. 
The peeled root of Althaea officinalis, a plant of the 
mallow family. It consists of about one-third of 
vegetable mucus and starch, together with the 
alkaloids asparagine and altheine (latterly regarded as 
identical). Its decoction is employed as a muci- 
laginous drink, a., ointment of (unguentum althaea), 
an ointment composed of marshmallow root, 2 parts; 
turmeric, flaxseed, and fenugreek, each, 1 part; 
water, 70 parts; lard, 44 parts; yellow wax, 6 parts. 
a., syrup of (syrupus althaeas), contains 4 % althea. 
Dose indefinite. Asparagine possesses sedative and 
diuretic properties, and is useful in ascites and gout. 
Dose 2-3 gr. (0.13-0.19 Gm.). 

alt. hor. Abbreviation for the Latin altemis 
horis, every other hour. 

althose (al'-thos). Trade name of a preparation 
containing senega, squill, and codeine; used as an 
expectorant. 

altitude (al'-te-tud) [altitudo, height]. The height, 
as of an individual. In climatology, the elevation 
of a place above the sea-level, a.-staff, a device 
employed for measuring the exact height of recruits. 
It consists of a rigid upright with a vertex-bar 
moving without play at right angles to the upright. 

Altmann's granules. Round bodies staining 
readily with carbolfuchsin, and regarded as cell- 
derivatives which have grown through the assimila- 
tion of fat. Their absence is supposed to indicate 
cancer. They are probably allied to Russell's 
bodies. According to Ross, the substance which 
forms chromosomes. 

altricious (al-trish'-us) [altrix, a nurse]. Requiring 
a long nursing; hence, slow of development (the 
reverse of precocious). 

alum (al'-um) [alumen, alum]. Any one of a class 
of double sulphates formed by the union of one of the 
sulphates of certain non-alkaline metals with a 
sulphate of some alkaline metal. The standard (or 
common commercial) alum, the official alumen (U. S. 
P.), is the aluminum-and-potassium sulphate, 
A1K(S04)2+I2H20. It is a powerful astringent and 
styptic, and is also extensively used in the arts. 
a., alumina-, a mixture of alum and aluminum sul- 
phate, a., aluminum-, an alum composed of a 
double sulphate of aluminum and another radical. 
a., ammonia, the same as the standard, except that 
the potassium is replaced by ammonium. It is 
official in Great Britain, and is extensively used on 
account of its cheapness. What is known as con- 
centrated or patent alum is the normal aluminum 
sulphate (alumini sulphas, U. S. P.), which is not a 
true alum, a., ammonioferric (Jerri et ammonii 
sulphas, U. S. P.), is strongly styptic, and is useful 
in leukorrhea. Dose 5-10 gr. (0.32-0.65 Gm.). 
a., burnt, alum dried by heat; a spongy, pulverizable 
substance. It is used as an astringent and on 



ALUMEN 



42 



ALVEOLIN 



fungous growths. Dose 5-30 gr. (0.333-2.0 Gm.). 
Syn., calcined alum; alumen exsiccatum; alutnen 
ustum. a., feather, a., feathered. 1. Alum occurring 
in a fibrous form. 2. Asbestos, a.-hematoxylin, a 
purple stain for tissues, obtained from an alcoholic 
solution of hematoxylin by addition of an aqueous 
solution of potash alum, a., potash, a., potassa, 
a., potassic, a., potassium, an alum containing 
potassium, particularly ordinary alum, or aluminum- 
and-potassium sulphate, a., potassioferric, is similar 
to ammonioferric alum, a., soda, double sulphate of 
sodium and aluminum; it is too soluble for ordinary 
uses, a.-whey, a preparation obtained by boiling 
2 dr. of alum in a pint of milk and straining. It is 
used as an astringent and internal hemostatic in 
wineglassful doses. 

alumen (al-u'-men) [L., gen., aluminis]. See alum. 
a. exsiccatum (U. S. P.), burnt or dehydrated alum. 
See alum, burnt. 

alumil (al'-u-mil). Alumina in combination with 
acids. 

alumina (al-u'-min-ah) [L.], AI2O3. Aluminum 
oxide: the principal ingredient of clay and of many 
stones, earths, and minerals. 

aluminated (al-u'-min-a-ted). Combined with 
alum, alumina, or aluminum. 

aluminated copper. See lapis divinus. 

aluminic, aluminicus (al-u-min'-ik, -us). Relating 
to or having the nature of alum. 

aluminiferous (al-u-min-if -er-us) [alum; ferre, to 
bear]. Yielding alum. 

aluminium. See aluminum. 

aluminol, alumnol (al-u'-min-ol, al-um'-nol) [alum- 
inum]. The aluminum salt of betanaphthol sul- 
phonic acid. It is an astringent and antiseptic; 
and is used in gonorrhea, endometritis, and diseases 
of the ear, nose, skin, etc. 

aluminosis (al-u-min-o'-sus) [alum; vbaos, disease]. 
A chronic catarrhal inflammation of the lungs found 
in pottery workers. 

aluminous (al-u'-min-us). Relating to or con- 
taining alum, alumina, or aluminum, a. chalybeate, 
a term applied to mineral waters containing alum 
and iron. 

aluminum, aluminium (a-lu'-min-um, a-lii-min'- 
e-um) [L.], A\= 27. Quantivalence II, IV. A silver- 
white metal distinguished by its low sp. gr. — about 
2.6. It is largely used in the arts and for certain 
surgical instruments, a. acetate, AI2O . 4C2H3O2 
+4H2O. Used as an internal and external dis- 
infectant. Dose 5-10 gr. (0.3-0.6 Gm.) 3 times 
daily, a. acetoborate, antiseptic and disinfectant. 
a. acetoglycerinate, glycerite of aluminum acetate. 
It has one-fifth the strength of aluminum acetotar- 
trate; used in 50 % solution in diseases of the nose, 
throat, and ear. a. acetotartrate, an energetic 
nontoxic disinfectant and astringent. It is applied 
in 0.5 to 2 % solutions in diseases of the air-passages; 
for chilblains, in 50 % solution, a. boroformate, 
prepared from freshly precipitated aluminium hy- 
droxide dissolved in 2 parts of formic acid, 1 part of 
boric acid, and 7 parts of water. It is used as an 
astringent and antiseptic, a. borotannate, a reaction- 
product from tannic acid with borax and aluminum 
sulphate, containing 76 % tannin, 13.23 % alumina, 
10.71 % boric acid; used as a disinfectant and 
astringent in skin diseases, applied pure or attenuated 
in ointment or dusting-powder. Syn., cutal; cutol. 
a. borotannotartrate, a compound of aluminum 
borotannate and tartaric acid; is used externally in 
skin diseases and in gonorrhea in 0.5 to 10 % solution. 
Syn., soluble cutal or cutol. a. borotartrate, an 
energetic, astringent, nonirritant antiseptic, used 
externally in inflammatory diseases of the throat 
and nose, and applied in substance or in solution 
with the addition of glycerol. Syn., boral. a. 
bromide, AhBr6. In combination with aluminum 
chloride it is used as a gargle in diphtheria or taken 
internally, a. caseinate, an intestinal astringent. 
Dose 4-5 gr. (0.25-0.3 Gm.). a. chloride, AhCU, 
colorless hexagonal plates which fume in moist air. 
It is astringent and antiseptic, and is also used in 
bleaching teeth, a. gallate, basic, a brown, anti- 
septic dusting-powder made by precipitating a solu- 
tion of aluminum sulphate with a solution of gallic 
acid to which sodium hydroxide has been added. 
a. hydroxide (alumini hydroxidum, U. S. P.), Al2(HO)6, 
a tasteless white powder, feebly astringent. Dose 
3-20 gr. (0.2-1.3 Gm.). Syn., aluminum hydrate. 
a. oleate, Al(OsH33C>2)2, a yellowish mass, soluble in 



alcohol, in ether, in benzene, and in oleic acid. It 
is used as an antiseptic in skin diseases, a.-and- 
potassium sulphate, AlK(S04)2 + i2H 2 0, a valuable 
astringent, used in catarrh, leukorrhea, gonorrhea. 
Dose 10-20 gr. (0.65-1.3 Gm.). In teaspoonful 
doses it is an emetic. Syn., alum, a.-and-potassium 
sulphocarbolate, AbK^Cel^HSO-Os, an antiseptic, 
astringent, and styptic; it is used externally in a 
5 to 20 % aqueous solution in cases of cancer and 
putrid ulcerations, and as a mouth-wash. a. sali- 
cylate, A1(C7H 5 03)3, a reddish-white antiseptic 
powder used in nasal catarrh and ozena. Syn., 
salumin. a. salicylate, ammoniated, a yellowish- 
white powder used as an antiseptic and astringent in 
inflammation of the nose and throat by dry insuffla- 
tions or painting with a 20 % solution in 50 % of 
glycerol and 30 % of water. Syn., soluble salumin. 
a.-and-sodium silicate, Na2Si03AU(Si04)3, obtained 
by adding aluminum hydroxide to a boiling solution 
of sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide. It is 
used in surgical dressings, a. sozoiodolate, is used 
as an antiseptic wash in 2 to 3 % solution, a. sul- 
phate (alumini sulphas, U. S. P.), Al2(S04)3, an anti- 
septic and astringent used as a lotion in 5 % solution. 
a. sulphocarbolate, Al2(CeH4HS04)6, white crystals, 
soluble in water, in glycerol, and in alcohol. It is 
recommended as an antiseptic in cystitis and suppur- 
ating sores. Syn., sozal. a. tannate, a compound of 
aluminum and tannic acid. a. tanno tartrate, 
yellowish-white plates or powder, soluble in water; 
used as an astringent and antiseptic insufflation or 
gargle in laryngeal or catarrhal troubles. Syn., 
soluble tannal. a.-and-zinc sulphate, Al2(S04)3ZnS04, 
a white, crystalline powder, soluble in water. It is 
used as a caustic. 

alumroot. The root of Heuchera americana. Its 
properties are due to gallic and tannic acids. It is 
very astringent. Dose of the fluidextract 10-20 min. 
(0.65-1.3 Co). Also the root of Geranium macu- 
latum, a mild astringent. 

alundum (al-un'-dum). A preparation of alumina 
used for making appliances which are to be sub- 
jected to severe heat in the laboratory. 

alusia (al-u'-se-ah) ^HKveiv, to wander]. Halluci- 
nation; morbid state of mind. 

alv. deject. Abbreviation for the Latin alvi 
dejectiones, the intestinal evacuations. 

alv. adstrict. Abbreviation for the Latin alvo 
adstricta, the bowels being confined. 

alvearium (al-ve-a'-re-um) [L.]. The external 
auditory canal or meatus. 

alveated (al'-ve-a-ted) [alveatus, hollowed out like a 
trough]. Honeycombed; channeled; vaulted like a 
beehive. 

Alvegniat's pump (al-van'-yah). A mercurial air- 
pump used in estimating the gaseous constituents of 
the blood. 

alveloz (al-vel-oth') [Sp.]. An extractive from 
Euphorbia icterodoxa, having diuretic properties. 
It is highly recommended as a topical application in 
cancer. 

alveola (al-ve'-o-la) [alveolus, a small hollow]. 
A little depression. 

alveolar (al-ve'-o-lar) [see alveola]. Pertaining to an 
alveolus, a. abscess, a gum-boil. a. arch, the 
alveolar surface of the jaw. a. artery, a branch of 
the internal maxillary artery, a. border, the margin 
of the jaws. a. index, in craniometry, the gnathic 
index; the ratio of the distance between the basion 
and alveolar point, to the distance between the basion 
and the nasal point, multiplied by 100. (Sometimes 
the basilar index is called the alveolar index.) a. 
passages, the ultimate division of the bronchi, 
emptying into the infundibula. a. points, see 
craniometric points, a. process, the border of the 
superior maxilla, in which the alveoli are placed, 
a. sarcoma, see sarcoma, a. structure, having small, 
superficial cavities, as in the mucous membrane of 
the stomach. 

alveolarium (al-ve-o-la'-re-um) [alveus, a t>ee-hive]. 
A name sometimes applied to the external meatus of 
the ear. It is so called because the wax of the ear 
gathers in that place. 

alveolate (al-ve' '-o-ldt, or al' -ve-o-lat) [alveolatus, 
hollowed out like a little tray]. In biology, pitted, 
honeycombed. 

alveoli (al-ve' -o-li) . Genitive and plural of alveolus. 

alveolin (al-ve' -o-lin). A chemical substance 
obtained from the alveolar network in the deuto- 
merites of gregarines. 



ALVEOLITIS 



43 



AMAUROSIS 



alveolitis (al-ve-o-li'-tis) [alveolus; ins, inflamma- 
tion]. Inflammation of the alveolus of a tooth. 

alveolocondylean (al-ve' -o-lo-kon-dil' -e-an) [alve- 
olus, a hollow; k6v8v\os, a knuckle]. In craniometry, 
pertaining to the alveolus and condyle, a. plane. 
See plane. 

alveolodental (al-ve' -o-lo-den'-tal) [alveoliis; dens, a 
tooth]. Pertaining to the teeth and their sockets. 

alveololabial (al-ve' -o-lo-la'-be-al). Pertaining to 
the alveolar processes and the lips. 

alveololabialis (al-ve-o-lo-lab-e-a'-lis) [alveolus, a 
hollow; labium, the lip]. The buccinator muscle. 

alveolomaxdllary (al-ve' -o-lo-maks-il'-a-re). The 
buccinator muscle. 

alveolosubnasal (al-ve' -o-lo-sub-na' -sal) [alveolus, 
a hollow; sub, under; nasus, nose]. In biology, 
pertaining to the alveolar and subnasal points of 
the skull, a. prognathism, see prognathism. 

alveolus (al-ve' -o-lus) [L.]. i. The bony socket of 
a tooth. Syn., phatne; phatnia; phatnion. 2. A cell. 
3. An air-cell of the lung. 4. A cavity, depression, 
pit, cell, or recess, a. of a gland, the terminal 
lobule of a racemose gland, a. laryngeus, see pouch, 
laryngeal, a. of the stomach, one of the honey- 
comb-like depressions found in the stomach. 

alveus (al'-ve-us) [alveus, a trough]. 1. A trough, 
tube, or canal; applied to ducts and vessels of the 
body. 2. A cavity or excavation, a. ampullascens, 
a. ampullescens, a. ampullosus, see receptaculum 
chyli. a. communis, the utricle of the ear. a. cornu 
ammonis, see a. hippocampi, a. hippocampi, a 
certain structure in the cerebral hemisphere investing 
the convexity of the hippocampus major, a. uro- 
genitalis, see uterus masculinus. 

alvine (al'-vin or al'-vin) [alvus, belly]. Pertaining 
to the belly, a. concretion, an intestinal calculus. 
a. dejections, a. discharges, the feces, a. obstruc- 
tion, constipation. 

alvus (al'-vus) [L., pi. and gen., alvi]. 1. The belly 
or its contained viscera. 2. Diarrhea, a. adstricta, 
a. astricta, an extreme degree of constipation. 
a. dura, constipation, a. renis, the pelvis of the 
kidney. 

alymphia (ah-limf'-e-ah) [d, priv.; lympha, lymph]. 
A deficiency of lymph. 

alypin (al'-e-pin). The hydrochloride of tetra- 
methyl-dlamino-dimethyl-ethyl-carbinol-benzoate. It 
is a synthetic preparation, similar to cocaine and 
stovaine, and is. used as a local anesthetic. It is 
less toxic than cocaine. For the eye and urethra, 
a 2 per cent stolution is used; elsewhere, a stronger 
solution. 

alyssus (al-is'-us) [a, priv.; Xvaaa, madness]. 
Preventing or curing rabies. 

Alzheimer's disease (alz'-hi-mer). A mental dis- 
order generally occurring in middle life; it is charac- 
terized by insidious onset, a rapidly progressive 
course, and final dementia. 

Am. Abbreviation for ametropia, and for mixed 
astigmatism. 

am-. A prefix indicating the group NH2. 

A. M. Abbreviation of Artium Magister, Master 
of Arts. 

ama -(ah' -ma) [a/«7. a water-pail]. An enlarge- 
ment at the end opposite the ampulla of a bony canal 
of the labyrinth of the internal ear. 

A. M. A. Abbreviation for American Medical 
Association. 

amaas (ah'-mahs) [Kaffir, soured milk]. A mild 
form of small-pox prevalent in South Africa and 
elsewhere; milk-pox. 

amacrine (am'-ak-rin) [a, priv.; nanpos, long; is, a 
fiber]. Applied to nerve-cells entirely devoid of axis- 
cylinder processes. 

amadou (am'-a-doo) [Fr., amadouer, to coax]. 
German tinder or touchwood; Boletus igniarius, a 
fungus found on old tree-trunks, used to stanch local 
hemorrhage and as a dressing for wounds, etc. 
a. de Panama, a hemostatic prepared from the leaf- 
hairs of Micronia mucronata. 

amalgam (am-al'-gam) [jia\ayp.a, a soft mass]. 

1. A combination of mercury with any other metal. 

2. Any soft alloy, a.-carrier and -plugger, an instru- 
ment designed for carrying and introducing amalgam 
into the cavity of a tooth, a., dental, compounds of 
a basal alloy of silver and tin with mercury, used 
for filling teeth. Gold, platinum, copper, zinc, or 
bismuth is frequently added as a third metal to the 
basal alloy, a.-manipulator, an instrument used by 
dentists for preparing amalgam fillings. 



amalgamate (am-aV -gam-at) . To unite a metal 
in an alloy with mercury. To unite two dissimilar 
substances. To cover the zinc elements of a gal- 
vanic battery with mercury. 

amalgamation (am-al-gam-a'-shun) [see amalgam]. 
In metallurgy, the process of combining mercury 
with some other metal, as practised in separating 
silver and gold from ores. 

amandin (am-an'-din) [Fr., amande, almond]. A 
proteid contained in sweet almonds. 

amanitin (am-an'-it-in) [ap.avlrai, a kind of fungi]. 

1. A principle identical with cholin, obtained from 
the fly-agaric. 2. A poisonous glucoside obtainable 
from various species of agaric. 

amara (am-a'-ra) [amarus, bitter]. 1. Bitters. 

2. The bitter alkaloids. 3- [ap.apa, a trench.] A 
sewer, drain, or stream. In the plural, amara, the 
hollows of the outer ear. 

amaril (am'-ar-il) [Sp., amarillo, yellow]. The 
poison induced by Bacillus icteroides. 

amarillic (am-ar-il'-ik). Pertaining to yellow 
fever. Cf. amarylism. 

amarin (am'-ar-in) [see amara], C21H18N2, triphenyl- 
dihydroglyoxalin. It results from boiling hydro- 
benzamide with caustic potash. It has a poisonous 
effect on animals. 

amaroids (am'-ah-roids). All distinctly bitter 
vegetable extractives of definite chemical compo- 
sition other than alkaloids and glucosides. Their 
names end in -in or -inum. Also called "bitter 
principles." 

amarthritis (am-ar-thri'-tis) [ana, together; apdpov, 
a joint; itis, inflammation]. Arthritis affecting 
many, or several joints at once. 

amarum (am-a'-rum) [see amara]. 1. A bitter. 
2. Magnesium sulphate, a., genuine, magnesium 
sulphate, a. purum, any simple bitter. 

amarylism (am'-ar-il-izm) [see amaril]. Yellow 
fever. 

amasesis (ah-mas-e'-sis) [a, priv.; fxaaritns, chew- 
ing]. Inability to chew. 

amasthenic (am-as-then'-ik) [ap.a, together; adkvos, 
strength]. Uniting the chemical rays of light in a 
focus, as a lens. 

amastia (ah-mas'-li-ah) [a, priv.; (ia<rr6s, breast]. 
Congenital absence of the mammae or nipples. 

amativeness (am'-at-iv-nes) [amare, to love]. The 
sexual passion. 

amatory (am'-at-o-re) [amator, a lover]. Pertaining 
to love. a. fever, love-sickness; chlorosis, a. 
muscles, the oblique muscles of the eye, used in 
ogling. 

amaurosis (am-au-ro'-sis) [anavpoeiv, to darken]. 
Partial or total blindness, especially that occurring 
without demonstrable lesion of the eye. Syn., 
paropsis amaurosis; gutta serena; cataracta nigra. 
a., albuminuric, that due to renal disease, a. arthri- 
tica, that due to gout. a. atonica, that due to 
physical debility, a. centralis, that due to disorder 
of the central nervous system, a., cerebral, that 
due to disease of the brain, a. compressionis, 
cerebral amaurosis caused by pressure upon the 
optic nerve, a., congenital, that existing from birth. 
•a. congestiva, that due to cerebral congestion. 
a., diabetic, that associated with diabetes, a. dimi- 
diate, that occurring in only one half of the visual 
field, a., epileptiform, a., epileptoid, sudden blind- 
ness not confined to epileptics, but considered by 
some to be epileptic in its nature. Dilatation of the 
retinal veins has been noted, but no "changes in the 
retinal arteries have been observed. Syn., retinal 
epilepsy; ophthalmemicrania. a. ex haemorrhagia, 
a. ex hyperopsia, an incurable, inexplicable blindness 
occurring suddenly after hemorrhages, especially of 
the stomach. a., hysterical, that accompanying 
hysteria, a. intermittens larvata, a blindness, often 
unilateral, occurring with mild intermittent fever, 
which is frequently followed by atrophy of the optic 
nerve, a., intermittent, bilateral amaurosis occur- 
ring as a complication of intermittent fever. It 
usually begins with the chill and continues until the 
sweating stage, a., progressive, the progressive 
atrophy of the intraocular optic nerve-endings. 
a., reflex, that resulting from a reflex action upon the 
optic nerve from some remote source of irritation. 
a., saburral, sudden temporary blindness occurring 
in an attack of acute gastritis, a., spasmodic, 
blindness due to convulsions, a., spinal, that caused 
by atrophy of the optic nerve, due to lateral or 
multiple sclerosis. Syn., rachialgic amaurosis, a. 



AMAUROTIC 



44 



AMEBIC 



sympathica, a., sympathetic, functional disorder of 
one eye from reflex transmission of disease of the 
other eye. a., uremic, that due to uremia. 

amaurotic (am-au-rot'-ik) [see amaurosis]. Re- 
lating to or affected with amaurosis, a. cat's-eye, 
a light-reflex through the pupil in suppurative 
choroiditis. 

amaxophobia (am-aks-o-fo'-be-ah) [6.tia£a, a car; 
<£6/3os, fear]. Morbid dread of being in, or riding 
upon, a car or wagon. 

amazia (ah-ma'-ze-ah) [&, priv.; fj.a£6s, the breast]. 
Congenital absence of the mammary gland. 

Ambard's coefficient (ohm-bar') [Leo Ambard, 
French physician]. For estimating renal activity: it 
shows the relation between the amount of urea in 
the blood and that excreted by the kidneys. 



K = 



Ur 



V-Txf 

Ur =the quantity of urea in a liter of blood; D =the 
total urea excreted in 24 hours; C =the amount of 
urea in the urine; P=the weight of the patient in 
kilograms. 

amber (am'-ber). See succinum. 

ambergris (am'-ber-gris) [amber; Fr., gris, gray]. 
A biliary or intestinal concretion of the sperm-whale, 
Physeter macrocephalus. It exhales a fragrant, 
musky odor when warmed, and is used in adynamic 
fevers, chronic catarrh, and nervous diseases. Dose 
1-3 gr- (0.065-0.2 Gm.). 

ambidexter (am-be-deks'-ter) [ambo, both; dexter, 
the right hand]. An ambidextrous person. 

ambidexterity (am-be-deks-ier'-it-e). Ability to 
use both hands equally well; ambidextrousness. 

ambidextrous (am-be-deks'-trus) [see ambidexter]. 
Able to use both hands equally well. 

ambilateral (am-be-lat'-er-al) [ambo, both; latus, 
side]. Relating to or affecting both sides. 

ambilevous (am-be-le'-vus) [ambo, both; Icevus, on 
the left side]. Unskilful in the use of both hands. 

ambiopia (am-bi-o'-pe-ah). See diplopia. 

ambitus (am'-bit-us) [ambire, to surround]. A 
circumference, a. cerebelli, Burdach's term for the 
cerebellum, pons, and oblongata taken together. 

ambloma (am-blo'-mah) [a.fj.p\ufia, an abortion: 
pi., amblomata]. An amblosis or abortion; an 
aborted fetus. 

amblosis (am-blo'-sis) [afi@\o)<ns, an abortion]. 
An abortion. 

amblotic (am-blot'-ik) [&hP\wti.k6s]. Abortifacient. 

amblyaphia (am-ble-a'-fe-ah) [&nfi\vs, dull; &4>rj, 
touch]. Dulness of the sense of touch. 

amblygeustia (am-ble-jus'-te-ah) [&m/SXus, dull; 
7e0<7«, taste]. A diminution or blunting of the 
sense of taste. 

amblyope (am'-ble-op). A person affected with 
amblyopia. 

amblyopia (am-ble-o'-pe-ah) [&nfl\vs, dulled; &\p, 
eye]. Dimness of vision, especially that not due to 
refractive errors or organic disease of the eye. It 
may be congenital or acquired, the acquired being . 
due to the use of tobacco (amblyopia nicotinica), 
alcohol, or other toxic influences; to traumatism; or it 
may be hysterical. Nyctalopia and hemeralopia are 
other forms; it may arise from entoptic phenomena, 
such as muscce volitantes, micropsia, megalopsia, 
metamorphopsia, etc. It may take the form of 
contracted fields of vision, of color-blindness, or anes- 
thesia of the retina. Syn., obfuscatio; offuscatio. 
a., crossed, a. cruciata, amblyopia occurring through 
lesion of the brain, in which a dimness of vision 
with contraction of the field of vision exists in the 
eye on the side opposite to the lesion, a. ex anopsia, 
amblyopia from disuse or from nonuse. a., post- 
marital, that due to sexual excess, called also Burn's 
amaurosis. 

amblyopiatrics (am-ble-o-pe-at'-riks) [amblyopia; 
larpiKos, belonging to medicine]. The therapeutics 
of amblyopia. 

amblyoscope (am'-ble-os-kop) [amblyopia; aKoirelv, 
to look]. An instrument by means of which an 
amblyopic eye is trained to take its share in vision. 

ambo (am' -bo). See ambon. 

amboceptoid (am-bo-sep'-toid). A degenerated 
amboceptor which has lost its binding group (hapto- 
phore) on the one hand for the cell, or, on the other 
hand, for the complement. 



amboceptor (am-bo-sep'-tor) [ambo, both; caper e r 
to receive]. A hypothetical thermostabile substance 
found in blood-serum after inoculation. It possesses- 
two haptophore groups, viz., a cytophile and a com- 
plementophile. Synonyms: immune body, repara- 
tive, sensitizer, desmon, fixative^ fixator, philocytase, 
receptor of the third order, a. unit, the smallest quan- 
tity of amboceptor in the presence of which a given 
quantity of red blood corpuscles will be dissolved 
by an excess of complement. 

amboceptorgen (am-bo-sep'-tor-jen). An antigen 
giving rise to amboceptors. 

ambon (am'-bon) [anfiuv, the lip of a cup]. The 
fibrocartilaginous ring that surrounds a socket in 
which the head of a large bone is received, such as the 
acetabulum, or the glenoid cavity. 

ambos (am'-bos) [Ger.]. The incus, or anvil bone. 

Amboyna button (am-boi'-nah but'-un). See fram- 
besia. 

ambra (am'-bra) [L.]. 1. Amber. 2. Ambergris. 
3. Spermaceti, a. alba. 1. Spermaceti. 2. A light- 
colored amber obtained in Brazil, a. atra, see o. 
nigra, a. cineracea, a. cineria, a. cineritia, see 
ambergris, a. flava, a. fulva, see succinum. a. 
grisea, see ambergris, a. nigra, general name, for any 
dark-colored amber or ambergris or dark, resinous 
substance; also lignite and jet. 

ambrein (am'-bre-in) [Fr., ambre], A substance 
much resembling cholesterin; it is obtained from 
ambergrisby digestion in hot alcohol. 

ambrosia (am-bro'-zhe-ah) [dpi/3poaia, the food of 
the gods]. A genus of composite-flowered herbs. 
A. artemisicefolia, common hog-weed of North 
America; stimulant, tonic, antiperiodic, and astrin- 
gent. A. trifida has properties similar to A. artemi- 
sicefolia. The pollen of these plants is by some 
regarded as a cause of hay-fever. 

ambulance (am'-bu-lans) [ambulare, to walk about]. 
1. In Europe the term is applied to the surgical 
staff and arrangements of an army in service. 2. In 
the United States the word is restricted to a vehicle 
for the transference of the sick or wounded from one 
place to another. 3. In Europe a portable military 
hospital and its. equipments accompanying the army 
in its movements, a. chaser, a "shyster" lawyer 
who drums up accident damage cases against firms 
and corporations. 

ambulant, ambulating, ambulatory (am'-bu-lant r 
am' -bu-la-ting, am'-bu-la-to-re). Relating to walking 
or changing location; not conned to bed. a. blister, 
a blister that changes its location, a. clinic, a clinic 
for patients that can walk; a dispensary, a. ery- 
sipelas, erysipelas that shifts from place to place. 
a. tumor, a pseudotumor, a. typhoid, walking 
typhoid; enteric fever in which the patient does not,, 
or will not, take to his bed. 

ambulatorium (am-bu-la-to'-re-um) [L.]. A dis- 
pensary. 

ambustial (am-bust'-she-al) [amburere, to scorch]. 
Caused by a burn. 

ambustion (am-bus'-chun) [ambustio, a burn]. 
A burn or scald. 

ameba, amoeba (am-e'-bah) [ktioifiii, a change]. 
A colorless, single-celled, jelly-like, protoplasmic 
organism found in sea and fresh waters, constantly 
undergoing changes of form and nourishing itself 
by englobing surrounding objects, a. bucca'lis, 
found in dental caries, a. coli, the ameba of dysen- 
tery. This is a protoplasmic mass, resembling the 
water ameba, 20 to 30 m in diameter, and composed 
of a nucleus and a highly granular protoplasm con- 
taining vacuoles. It is found in large numbers in 
the stools of certain forms of dysentery, in the 
intestinal mucous membrane, and at times in the 
socalled dysenteric abscess of the liver. Whether 
it is the real cause of the disease is not definitely 
established, a. dysenter'iae, the organism responsible 
for amebic dysentery, a.-enteritis, chronic enteritis 
due to invasion of amceba coli. a. gingivals, one 
species found about the gums. a. histolyt'ica, same 
as the a. dysenteries. 

amebaphobia (am-e-bah-fo'-be-ah) [ameba; <f>6f}os t 
fear]. A morbid fear of becoming infected with 
amebae. 

amebiasis (am-e-bi'-as-is). The state or condition 
of being_ infected with amebae. 

amebic (am-e'-bik) [see ameba]. Pertaining to or 
characterized by amebae. a. dysentery, dysentery 
associated with the presence in the bowel of amceba 
coli. 



AMEBICIDE 



45 



AMINE 



amebicide (am-e'-bis-td) [ameba; cadere, to kill], 
i. Destructive of amebae. 2. A remedy that 
•destroys ameba?. 

amebiform (am-e'-be-form). See ameboid. 

amebism, amcebism, amebaism, amoebaism (am r - 
e-bizm, atn-e' -ba-izm) . A pathological condition due 
to the invasion of the system by amebae. 

amebocyte (am-e'-bo-slt). A leukocyte. 

ameboid (am-e'-boid) [ameba; elSos, resemblance]. 
1. Resembling an ameba in form or in movement, 
as the white blood-cells. 2. In bacteriology, of 
•cultures which assume various shapes. 

amebula, amoebula (am-e'-bu-lah). A merozoite 
having the power of ameboid movement. 

ameburia (am-e-bu'-re-ah). The occurrence of 
amebae in the urine. 

ameleia (am-el-i'-ah) [dpeXeia, indifference]. Mor- 
bid apathy; indifference. 

amelia (ah-me'-le-ah) [&, priv.; p.e\os, limb]. 
Congenital absence of the limbs. 

amelification (am-el-if-ik-a'-shun). The formation 
of the enamel of the teeth by means of the enamel 
cells — ameloblast3. 

amelioration (am-el-yo-ra'-shun) [ad, to; melior, 
better]. Improvement. 

ameloblast (am-el' -o-blast) [Anglo-French, amel, 
enamel; /3Xao-r6s, a germ]. An enamel-cell, one of 
the cylindrical cells covering the papilla of the enamel 
organ of the teeth, and forming a beautifully regular 
epithelial layer that produces the enamel. 

amelus (am'-el-us) [&, priv.; jueXos, limb]. A 
monstrosity without limbs. 

amenia (ah-me' -ne-ah). See amenorrhea. 

amenomania {am-en-o-ma' -ne-ah) [amaznus, agree- 
able; tiavia., madness]. A mild form of mania in 
which the symptoms are manifested under the form 
of gaiety, fondness of dress, exaggeration of social 
condition, etc.; a cheerful, or joyous delirium; a 
morbid elevation of the spirits. 

amenorrhea, amenorrhcea (ah-men-or-e' -ah) [a, 
priv.; firiv, month; peiv, to flow]. Abnormal absence 
of menstruation. Syn., paramenia obstructionist 
amenia. a., ovarian, a., radical, that due to nono- 
vulation. a., physiologic, absence of menstruation 
during pregnancy, a., primitive, a term applied 
to those cases in which the catamenia have not 
appeared at the proper time, a., secondary, that 
in which the discharge has been arrested after it 
has existed during the reproductive period. 

amenorrhea! {ah-men-or-e' -al) [see amenorrhea}. 
Pertaining to amenorrhea. 

ament (am'-ent) [ab, from; mens, mentis, the mind]. 
A person affected with amentia; an idiot. 

amentia (ah-men'-she-ah) [&, priv.; mens, mind]. 
Defective intellect; idiocy. 

amenyl (am'-en-il). Methylhydrastimide. It is a 
vasodilator and is used as an emmenagogue. Dose 
gr. I (0.05 gm.) twice daily. 

amerism (am'-er-izm) [d, priv.; pkpos, a part]. 
The quality or condition of not dividing into seg- 
ments or fragments. 

ameristic (ah-mer-is'-tik) [a, priv.; ptepos, a part]. 
Not segmented. 

amesiality (ah-me-ze-al'-it-e). The throwing of a 
part, as the pelvis, to one side of the mesial line of 
the figure. 

ametabolic (ah-met-ab-ol'-ik) [L, priv.; p.era^6\os, 
changeable]. Not due to, or causing, or undergoing, 
metabolism. 

ametamorphosis (ah-met-ah-mor' -jo-sis) [a, priv.; 
fierafiop^aiais, change]. The absence of metamor- 
phosis. 

ametria (ah-met'-re-ah) [&, priv.; Mrpa, womb]. 
1. Congenital absence of the uterus. 2. [&, priv.; 
likrpov, a measure.] Immoderation; asymmetry. 

ametrohemia, ametroheemia (ah-met-ro-he' -me-ah) 
[a, priv.; tirirpa, womb; alp.a, blood]. A defective 
uterine blood-supply. 

ametrometer (ah-met-rom'-et-er) [&, priv.; \ikrpov, 
a measure]. An instrument for measuring ametropia. 

ametrope (ah'-met-rop) [a, priv.; p.krpov, a measure; 
6\pts, sight]. An individual affected with ametropia. 

ametropia (ah-met-ro'-pe-ah) [a, priv.; ukrpov, a 
measure; o\pis, sight]. The condition when an 
imperfect image is formed upon the retina, due to 
defective refractive power of the media or to ab- 
normities of form of the eye. In myopia the antero- 
posterior diameter is too great or the power of the 
refractive media is too great; hyperopia (or hyper- 
metropia) is the exact reverse; astigmatism is due to 



imperfect curvature of the cornea or of the retina, 
or to inequality of refracting power in different parts 
of the lens; presbyopia is due to inelasticity of the 
lens, producing insufficient accommodation; aphakia, 
or absence of the lens, produces both insufficient 
refracting power and loss of accommodation. 

ametropic (ah-met-rop'-ik) [see ametropia]. Af- 
fected with or pertaining to ametropia. 

ametrous (ah-met'-rus) [&, priv.; p-vrpa, womb]. 
Lacking a uterus. 

arnianthinopsy (am-e-an-thin-op'-se) [&, priv.; 
lavdivos, violet-colored; fyis, sight]. Violet-blind- 
ness; incapacity to distinguish violet rays. 

amic (am'-ik) [ammonia]. Pertaining to or having 
the nature of ammonia, or of an amine. 

Amici's disc, A.'s stria. See Krause's disc. 

amicrobic (ah-mi-kro'-bik) [&, priv.; microbion, 
microbe]. Not due to, or associated with, microbes. 

amicron (ah-mik'-ron) [&, priv.; p.Upov, small]. 
A particle which is too small to be observed with the 
ultramicroscope. 

amicroscopic (ah-mi-kro-skop'-ik). Too small to 
be observed by the ultramicroscope. 

amide (am' -id) [ammonia]. A chemical compound 
produced by the substitution of an acid radical for 
one or more of the hydrogen atoms of ammonia. 
The amides are primary, secondary, or tertiary, 
according as 1, 2, or 3 hydrogen atoms have been so 
replaced. They are white, crystalline solids, often 
capable of combining with both acids and bases, 
a., acid. 1. An amido-acid. 2. An amide as dis- 
tinguished from amine or alkamide. a., allophanic, 
see biuret, a. bases, see amine, primary. 

amidine (am'-id-in) [Fr., amidon, starch]. 1. 
Starch altered by heat into a horny, transparent 
mass; soluble starch; the part of starch that is 
soluble in water. 2. [ammonia.] One of a class of 
monacid bases produced from the nitrites by heating 
with ammonium chloride. In the free condition 
they are quite unstable. They contain the group 
C . NH . NH 2 . 

amido- (am'-id-o). A prefix denoting a chemical 
compound containing the univalent radical NH2. 

amidoacetic acid (am-id-o-as-e'-tik). See glycocoll 
and glycin. 

amidoacetophenetidin (am-id-o-as-et-o-fe-net'-id-in) 
See phenocoll. 

amidoacid (am-id-o-as'-id) [ammonia; acetum, 
vinegar]. An acid containing the amido-group NH2. 

amidoazotoluol (am-id-o-az-o-toV -u-ol) . A reddish- 
brown powder, allied to scarlet-red; it is soluble in 
alcohol, ether, and fatty oils, but is insoluble in 
water. It is used as an ointment to promote the 
growth of epithelium on granulating surfaces. 

amidobenzene, amidobenzol (am-i-do-ben'-zen, 
-zol). See aniline. 

amidocaffeine (am-id-o-kaf'-e-in) , CsH9(NH2)N40. 
Fine acicular crystals obtained by heating brom- 
caffeine with alcoholic ammonia. 

amidocaproic acid. Same as leucin. 

amidogen (am-id'-o-jen) [amide; yewav, to pro- 
duce]. The hypothetical univalent radical, NH2, 
replacing one atom of H in amido-compounds. See 
amide. 

amidoguaiacol (am-id-o-gwi'-ak-ol). A product of 
acetoanisidin by nitration and reduction. It melts 
at 184 C. The salts are employed in the preparation 
of colors and medicines. 

amidosuccinamic acid (am-id-o-suk-sin-am'-ik). 
Same as asparagin. 

amidosulphonal (am-id-o-suV -fon-al) . Amidoace- 
tone ethyldisulphone, a sedative. 

amidoxim, or amidoxime (am-id-oks'-im). A sub- 
stance derived from an amidine (2) by the substi- 
tution of an OH group for an atom of hydrogen. 

arnidulin (am-id' -u-lin) [see amidine]. Soluble 
starch; prepared by the action of H2SO4 on starch, 
thus removing the starch-cellulose. 

amimia (ah-mim'-i-ah) [&, priv.; p.Tfios, a mimic]. 
Loss of the power of imitation or of making gestures. 

amine, amin (am' -in) [ammonia]. The amines are 
chemical compounds produced by the substitution 
of a basic atom or radical for one or more of the 
hydrogen atoms of ammonia, or basic derivatives of 
carbon, containing nitrogen and viewed as ammonia 
derivatives. They are called monamines, diamines, 
triamines, etc., according to the number of amidogen 
molecules, NH2, substituted for H. a., primary, 
an amine in which one hydrogen atom is replaced by 
a univalent alkyl. a., secondary, an amine in which 



AMINO- 



46 



AMMONIUM 



two hydrogen atoms are replaced by univalent 
alkyls. a., tertiary, an amine in which three hydrogen 
atoms are replaced by univalent alkyls. 

amino-. A prefix denoting a chemical compound 
containing the univalent radical NH2. a.-acid, an 
organic acid in which one of the hydrogen atoms is 
replaced by NH2. 

aminoform (am-in'-o-farm). See urotropin. 

aminol (am'-in-ol) [amine]. A gaseous substance 
derived from the methylamine of herring-brine 
mixed with milk of lime. It is disinfectant, and has 
been used in the purification of sewage. 

aminopurin (am-in-o-pu'-rin). Any compound 
derived from purin by substitution of one of the 
hydrogen atoms by the amino group, NH2; adenin. 

aminosuria (am-in-o-su'-re-ah) [amine; ovpov, urine]. 
The presence of amines in the urine when voided. 

amitosis (ah-mit-o'-sis) [&, priv.; /uros, a thread]. 
Cell-multiplication by direct division or simple 
cleavage. 

amitotic (ah-mit-ot'-ik) [see amitosis]. Of the 
nature of, or characterized by, amitosis. a. cell- 
division, direct cell-division, as distinguished from 
karyokinesis. 

amma (am' -ah) [a/xna, a tie: pi., ammata]. A 
truss or girdle for hernia. 

ammeter (am'-et-er) [ampere; iierpov, a measure]. 
A form of galvanometer in which the value of the 
current is measured directly in amperes. 

ammic (am'-ik). See ammoniacum. 

ammism (am'-izm) [ap-p-os, sand]. Ammotheraphy ; 
psammism. 

ammonemia (am-o-ne'-me-ah). The supposed 
presence of ammonium carbonate in the blood. 

ammonia (am-o'-ne-ah) [from the name of Jupiter 
Ammon, from the neighburhood of whose temple in 
Libya ammonium chloride was obtained]. A color- 
less, pungent gas, NH3, very soluble in water. The 
preparations of ammonia are used as antacids and as 
gastric and cardiac stimulants, in headache, hysteria, 
etc. It is a stimulant to the heart, and, in its elimi- 
nation through the lungs, stimulates and liquefies 
the bronchial secretion, ammoniae, aqua (U. S. P.), 
water of ammonia, a solution containing 10 % of 
the gas in water. Dose 5 min.-§ dr. (0.3-2.0 Cc), 
well diluted, ammonias, aqua, fortior (U. S. P.), 
contains 28 % of the gas in solution, ammoniae, 
linimentum (U. S. P.), ammonia-water, 35; cotton- 
seed oil, 60; alcohol, 5 %• ammoniae, spiritus (U. 
S. P.), a 10 % solution of ammonia-water in alcohol. 
Dose 10 min.-i dr. (0.65-4.0 Cc), diluted, am- 
moniae, spiritus, aromaticus (U. S. P.), aromatic 
spirit of ammonia, an alcoholic solution of ammonium 
carbonate flavored with lemon, lavender, and pi- 
menta. Dose 5-2 dr. (2-8 Cc). 

ammoniac (am-o'-ne-ak). 1. See ammoniacum. 
2. Relating to ammonia. 3. Relating to ammoni- 
acum. 

ammoniacal (am-o-ni' -ak-al) [ammonia]. Con- 
taining or relating to ammonia. 

ammoniacum (am-o-ni'-ak-um) [ammonia]. Am- 
moniac. A gum obtained from a Persian plant, 
Dorema ammoniacum. It is a stimulating expec- 
torant and laxative, resembling asafetida, employed 
in chronic bronchial affections. Dose 10-30 gr. 
(0.65-2.0 Gm.). ammoniaci cum hydrargyro, 
emplastrum, ammoniac, 72; mercury, 18 %, with 
sulphur, acetic acid, and oil, q. s. ammoniaci, 
emplastrum, 100 parts of ammoniac digested with 
140 parts of acetic acid, diluted, strained, and 
evaporated, ammoniaci, emulsum, a 4 % emulsion 
in water. Dose ?-i oz. (15-30 Cc). 

ammoniameter (am-o-ne-am' -et-er) [ammonia; 
fikrpov, a measure]. An instrument for testing the 
strength of ammonia solutions. 

ammoniated (am-o' -ne-a-ted) [ammonia]. Com- 
bined with ammonia. 

ammoniemia, or ammoniaemia (am-o-ne-e' -me-ah) 
[ammonia; alpa, blood]. The theoretical decom- 
position of urea in the blood, yielding ammonium 
compounds. , 

ammonin (am'-o-nin). A soda deposit used in the 
making of soap. 

ammonionitrometry (am-o-ne-o-ni-trom'-et-re) [am- 
monium; nitrogen; perpov, a measure]. An analytic 
method of estimating separately the amount of 
ammonia, nitrogen, and nitric acid contained in a 
compound. 

ammonium (am-o'-ne-um) [ammonia]. A hypo- 
thetic univalent alkaline base, having the compo- 



sition NH4. It exists only in combination, a. 
acetate, solution of (liquor ammonii acetatis, U. S. P.), 
spirit of Mindererus, dilute acetic acid neutralized 
with ammonia. Dose 1 dr.-i oz. (3.75-30.0 Cc). 
a. anacardate, an ammonium compound of the 
resinous acids of cashew-nut. It is a doughy mass, 
soluble in alcohol, and used as a hair-dye. a. arse- 
nate, (NH4)2HAs04. It is used as an alterative in 
skin diseases. Dose \ gr. (0.03 Gm.), gradually 
increased, 3 times daily, a. benzoate (ammonii 
benzoas, U. S. P.), NH4C7H5O2. Dose 5-15 gr. 
(0.32-1.0 Gm.). a. bisulphate, NH4HSO4. Dose 
10-30 gr. (0.65-2.0 Gm.). a. bisulphite, NH4HSO3. 
It is antiseptic and used internally in fermentative 
dyspepsia, externally in skin diseases. Dose 10-30 
gr. (0.65-2.0 Gm.). a. bitartrate, NEUHC4H4O6, a 
white, crystalline acid powder. It is used in the 
manufacture of baking-powder, a. borate, 2(NH4- 
HB2O4) +3H2O, used in renal colic; in combination 
with codeine it is used in tuberculosis of the lungs. 
Dose 10-20 gr. (0.65-1.3 Gm.) every hour in water 
with licorice, a. borobenzoate, an intestinal anti- 
septic, a. bromide (ammonii bromidum, U. S. P.), 
NIHUBr, used in epilepsy, cough, and rheumatism. 
Dose 10 gr.-§ dr. (0.65-2.0 Gm.). a. carbamate, 
NH4NH2CO2, a white, crystalline, volatile powder, 
stimulant, a reaction-product of carbon dioxide and 
ammonia gas. Syn., ammonium carbonate anhydrine. 
a. carbazotate, see a. picrate. a. carbolate, C6H5O .- 
NH4, antiseptic and antipyretic. Dose 2-6 gr. (0.13- 
0.4 Gm.). Syn., ammonium phenate; ammonium 
phenylate. a. carbonate (ammonii carbonas, U. S. P.), 
C2H11N3O5, a compound of ammonium and carbonic 
acid. It is a stimulant expectorant and cardiac 
stimulant. Dose 5-10 gr. (0.32-0.65 Gm.). a. 
chloride (ammonii chloridum, U. S. P.), NH4CI, sal 
ammoniac, is used in bronchitis, rheumatism, and 
liver disease. Dose 1-20 gr. (0.065-1.3 Gm.). 
a. chloride, troches of (trochisci ammonii chloridi, 
U. S. P.), each lozenge contains 2 gr. (0.13 Gm.) of 
the salt. a. embelate, the ammonium salt of em- 
bellic acid, NH4C9H13O2. It is a teniacide. Dose 
for children 3 gr. (0.2 Gm.); for adults 6 gr. (0.4 
Gm.). a. fluoride, used in enlargement of the 
spleen. Dose & — \ gr. (0.003-0.032 Gm.). It is 
recommended in dyspeptic flatulence, 16 gr. (1 Gm.) 
dissolved in 10 oz. (300 Cc.) of distilled water; 
1 tablespoonful after each meal. a. formate, NH4- 
CHO2, used in chronic paralysis. Dose 5 gr. (0.32 
Gm.). a. glycerinophosphate, (NH4)2P04CsHb(OH) ? , 
soluble in water. It is used in neurasthenia, Addi- 
son's disease, etc. Dose 3-4 gr. (0.2-0.26 Gm.) 
several times daily, a. glycyrrhizate, an expectorant. 
a. hypophosphite, NH4PH2O2+H2O, white, laminate 
crystals, soluble in water. Dose 10-30 gr. (0.65- 
2.0 Gm.) 3 times daily, a. iodide (ammonii iodidum, 
U. S. P.), NH4I. Dose 2-10 gr. (0.13-0.65 Gm.). 
a. nitrate, NH4NO3, used in preparing nitrous oxide. 
a. persulphate, (NH4)2S20s, colorless crystals, soluble 
in water with turbidity. It is a disinfectant and 
deodorizer. Application, 0.5 to 2 % solution. 
a. phosphate, (NH 4 )2HP04. Dose 5-20 gr. (0.32- 
1.3 Gm.). a. phosphate, dibasic, (NHU^HPCu. 
Used in rheumatism and gout. Dose 5-20 gr. 
(0.32-1.3 Gm.) 3 or 4 times daily in § oz. water. 
a. picrate, CsHsCNKUXNCfeJsO, a salt in yellow 
needles, of bitter taste; like other picrates, it is 
explosive, and must be handled with care. It is 
antipyretic and antiperiodic, and tends to correct 
gastric disturbances. Dose 5 gr- (0.32 Gm.)_in 24 
hours. Syn., Ammonium carbazotate. a. salicylate 
(ammonii salicylas, U. S. P./, NH4C7II5O3, an anti- 
rheumatic, antipyretic germicide and expectorant. 
Dose 2-10 gr. (0.13-0.65 Gm.). a. silicofluoride, 
2NH4F. SiF4, an energetic antiseptic and recon- 
stituent. It is used by inhalation in diseases of the 
nose and throat. a. succinate, (NBU^BUOm; 
recommended, 1 part in 120 parts of water, as a 
specific in colic. Dose 1 tablespoonful every 15 
minutes, a. sulphate, (NH.4)2S04, used in the 
preparation of other ammonium salts, a. sulphite, 
(NH4)2SG3, an antiseptic used in fermentative dyspep- 
sia. Dose 5-20 gr. (0.3-1.3 Gm.). Applied ex- 
ternally in skin diseases, 1 part in 10 parts of water. 
a. sulphocarbolate, NH4C6H4HSO4, antiseptic. Dose 
i-5 gr. (0.06-0.3 Gm.). a. sulphoricinate, brown, 
ointment-like masses, soluble in alcohol and water. 
It is antiseptic and deodorant, and applied in 20 % 
solution in skin diseases or on ulcerated mucous mem- 
branes, a. tartrate, (NH4)2C4H40e, clear crystals, 



AMMONIURIA 



47 



AMPHEMEROS 



soluble in water. It is an expectorant. Dose 5-30 
gr. (0.3-2.0 Gm.). a. thiosulphate, (NH4)2S 2 03, 
soluble in water; antiseptic. Dose 5-30 gr. (0.3- 
2.0 Gm.) in water, a. tungstate, fine white crystal- 
line powder or needles, soluble in water, a. urate, 
(XH4)CoH3N403, white crystalline powder, slightly 
soluble in water. It is antiseptic and used in 4 % 
ointment in chronic eczema. Ammonium urate 
occurs in alkaline urine and at times in urinary 
calculi, a. valerate, NH4C5H9O2, is used as a sedative 
in hysteria. _ Dose 1-5 gr. (0.065-0.32 Gm.). 

ammoniuria (am-o-ne-u' -re-ah) [ammonia; ovpov, 
urine]. A condition marked by excess of ammonia 
in the urine. 

Amnion's fissure (am'-on) [Friedrich Agust von 
Ammon, German ophthalmologist. 1 799-1 861]. 
A pyriform fissure, occurring during the early fetal 
period in the lower portion of the sclerotic coat of 
the eye. A.'s operation. 1. Blepharoplasty ; re- 
moval of all cicatricial tissue and freeing of the 
remains of the lid, followed by transplantation of a 
flap from the cheek. 2. For destruction of the 
lacrimal sac; incision into, and excision of, a portion 
of the anterior wall of the sac; closure by adhesive 
inflammation. 3. For ectropion (from caries) ; an 
incision is made around the cicatrix, the tissues are 
dissected free, and after closing the lid the wound is 
closed over the cicatrix. 4. For symblepharon; the 
lid is divided by two converging incisions, into 
three portions — two lateral and a central wedge- 
shaped portion; the former are united by sutures, 
and after union the central, wedge-shaped part is 
dissected out. A.'s posterior scleral protuberance, 
a variety of posterior ectasia of the sclera of the eye. 

Amnion's horn (am'-on) [Ammon, an Egyptian 
deity, represented with a ram's head]. The hippo- 
campus major of the brain. 

ammonol (am'-on-ol), C6H5NH2. A proprietary 
remedy said to be ammoniated phenylacetamide; 
pale-yellow crystals, said to be analgesic and anti- 
pyretic. Dose 5-20 gr. (0.3-1.3 Gm.). a. sali- 
cylate, a remedy for headache. Dose 8 gr. (0.5 Gm.). 

ammotherapy (am-o-ther'-a-pe) [ap.p.os, sand; 0ep- 
aireveiv, to heal]. The use of sand-baths in the 
treatment of disease. 

amnemonic (am-ne-mon'-ik) [a, priv.; fivrniovucfc, 
relating to the memory]. Accompanied by or 
resulting in impairment of the memory. 

amnesia (am-ne' -se-ah) [anv-no-la, forge tfulness] . 
Loss of memory, especially of the ideas represented 
by words, a., auditory, word-deafness, a., retro- 
anterograde, a perversion of memory in which recent 
events are referred to a far-removed past, while the 
occurrences of the remote past seem recent, a., 
retrograde, loss of memory for incidents and events 
which occurred a shorter or longer time before the 
attack of the disease. Besides that which may 
result from severe infectious disease or from epilepsy, 
it may be due to trauma or to hysteria, a., visual, 
word-blindness, or inability to recognize printed or 
written words. 

amnesic (am-ne'-sik). Relating to amnesia, a. 
aphasia, see amnesia. 

amnestia (am-nes'-te-ah) [a/xpqoreia, forge tfulness]. 
Amnesia. _ 

amnestic (am-nes'-tik) [anv^arda, forgetfulness]. 
1. Amnesic. 2. Causing amnestia. 

amnia (am'-ne-ah) [anvlov, a young lamb]. Plural 
of amnion, q. v. 

amnial (am'-ne-al). See amniotic. 

amniochorial (am-ne-o-ko'-re-al) [amnion; xopiov, 
a membrane]. Pertaining to both amnion and 
chorion. 

amnioclepsis (am-ne-o-klep'-sis) [anvlov, amnion; 
KXeirrelv, to steal away]. The slow and unnoticed 
escape of the liquor amnii. 

amniocleptic, amnioclepticous (am-ne-o-klep'-tik, 
-us) [amnion; K\eirrelv, to steal away]. Relating to 
the unmarked escape of the liquor amnii. 

amnion (am'-ne-on) [anvlov, a young lamb]. The 
innermost of the fetal membranes; it is continuous 
with the fetal epidermis at the umbilicus, forming a 
complete sheath for the umbilical cord and a sac or 
bag in which the fetus is inclosed. It contains one or 
two pints of liquor amnii. It is a double, non- 
vascular membrane, the inner layer or sac derived 
from the epiblast, the outer from the mesoblast. 
The cavity of the inner folds is called the true amnion, 
that of the outer, the false. Syn., agnina membrana; 
agnina pellicula; membrana agnina; agnina tunica; 



abgas; abghas. a., dropsy of, excessive secretion of 
liquor amnii. 

amnionic (am-ne-on'-ik) [amnion]. Relating to 
the amnion. 

amniorrhea (am-ne-o-re'-ah) [amnion; pola, a flow]. 
The discharge of the liquor amnii. 

amnios (am'-ne-os). 1. The liquor amnii. 2. The 
amnion. 

amniota (am-ne-o'-tah) [anvlov, a young lamb]. 
Animals with an amnion and allantois, comprising 
mammals, birds, and reptiles. Those without an 
amnion are called anamnia. 

amniotic (am-ne-of -ik) [amnion]. Relating to the 
amnion, a. cavity, the sac of the amnion, a. fluid, 
the liquor amnii. See amnion. 

amniotitis (am-ne-o-W -tis) [ap.vlov, a young 
lamb; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the 
amnion. 

amniotome (am' -ne.-o-tom) [ap.vlov, a young lamb; 
tout), a cut]. An instrument for puncturing the fetal 
membranes. 

amnitis (am-ni'-tis). Same as amniotitis. 

amoeba (am-e'-bah). See ameba. 

amcebiasis (am-e-bi'-as-is). See amebiasis. 

amcebiform. Same as ameboid. 

amcebism, amceboism. See amebism. 

amoeboid (am-e'-boid). See ameboid. 

amcebula. See amebula. 

amok, amuck (am-ok f , a-muk') [A Malay word 
denoting "an impulse to murder."]. In a 
state of murderous frenzy; in Oriental regions 
persons, mostly hashish eaters, often attack and kill 
those whom they meet while in a state of wild fury. 
In some cases the infuriated persons take this method 
of seeking death, for they are shot down at 
sight. 

Amomum (am-o'-mum) [afiunov, an Eastern spice 
plant]. A genus of scitaminaceous plants to which 
the cardamom (A. cardamomum) and "grains of 
paradise" (A. granum paradisi) belong. 

amor (am'-or) |L.]. Love. a. insanus, see 
erotomania, a. sui, love of self; vanity, a. veneris, 
Columbus' term for the clitoris. 

amorpha (ah-morf'-ah) [a, priv.; m°p<M. shape]. 

1. A cutaneous eruption having no definite form. 

2. A macula. 3- Apparent diseases in which no 
lesions can be discovered. 4. Intertrigo, a. in- 
fantilis, a. lactantium, infantile intertrigo, a. vul- 
garis, intertrigo. 

amorphia (ah-mor'-fe-ah) [see amorpha]. Shape- 
less condition. 

amorphinism (ah-mor'-fin-izm) [&, priv.; morphine]. 
The condition resulting from the withdrawal of 
morphine from one habituated to the drug. 

amorphism (ah-mor'-fizm) [see amorpha]. The 
state of being amorphous or without shape; want of 
crystalline structure. 

amorphous (ah-mor'-fus) L see amorpha]. Form- 
less; shapeless; not crystalline. 

amorphus (ah-mor'-fus) [a, priv.; nop<f>v< a form]. 
An acardiacus without head or extremities. See 
also anideus. a. globulus, see anideus. 

amotio (am-o'-she-o) [L.]. A detachment, a. 
retina?. See ablatio retina. 

amp. Abbreviation for ampere. 

ampelopsin (am-pel-op'-sin). A tonic extract 
made from Ampelopsis quinquefolia, Virginia creeper. 

ampelotherapy (am-pel-o-ther'-a-pe) [ap.ire\os, a 
grape-vine; depaireveiv, to heal]. The grape-cure 
(q. v.). 

amperage (am-par'-ahj) [Andre Marie Ampere, 
French physicist, 1775-1836]. The number of am- 
peres passing in a given circuit. 

ampere (am'-par) [see amperage]. A unit of 
measurement of an electric current. It is the 
electromotive force of one volt produced in a circuit 
having one ohm of resistance. A.'s law, same as 
Avogadro's law, q. v. 

amperemeter (am-par'-me-ter) [ampere; p.krpov, a 
measure]. An instrument for estimating the strength 
of the current of an electric circuit in amperes. 

amphamphoterodiplopia (am-fam-fo-ter-o-dip-lo '-pe- 
ak). See amphodiplopia. 

ampharkyochrome (am-far-ke'-o-krom). Same as 
amphiarkyochrome. 

amphauxesis, amphauxis (am-fawks-e'-sis, am- 
fawks'-is) [ap.<t>l, around; avfacris, increase]. Growth 
or increase by concentric circles. Syn., amphiphya. 

amphemeros, amphemerus (am-fem'-er-os, -us). 
1. Quotidian. 2. A quotidian fever. 



AMPHI- 



48 



AMPULLA 



amphi- (am'-fe) [&p.4>L, around]. A prefix signi- 
fying about, on both sides, around, etc., as amphi- 
arthrosis, amphibia, etc. 

amphiarkyochrome (am-fe-ar'-ke-o-krom) [&n<f>l, 
both; apuvs, net; xp&jua. color]. A term applied by 
Nissl to a nerve-cell the stainable portion of whose 
cell-body is in the form of a pale network, the nodal 
points of which are joined by an intensely staining 
network. 

amphiarthrodial (am-fe-ar-thro'-de-al). Relating, 
to amphiarthrosis. 

amphiarthrosis (am-fe-ar-thro'-sis) [amphi; apdpov 
a joint]. A form of mixed articulation in which the 
surfaces of the bones are connected by broad discs 
of fibrocartilage or else are covered with fibro- 
cartilage and connected by external ligaments. It 
is distinguished by limited motion, as, e. g., between 
the vertebrae. 

amphiaster (am'-fe-as-ter) [amphi-; b.<rri\p, a star]. 
The figure formed in indirect cell-division by the 
achromatin threads and chromatin granules united • 
to form the socalled nuclear spindle, together with 
the threads of cell-protoplasm radiating from a 
rounded clear space at each end of the spindle, known 
as the stars or suns. 

amphibia (am-fib'-e-ah) [amphi-; /3tos, life]. A 
class of the Vertebrata, living both in the water and 
upon the land, as the frog, newt, etc. 

amphibious (am-fib'-e-us) [see amphibia]. Living 
both on land and in water. 

amphiblastic (am-fe-blas'-tik) [amphi-; /SXcurros, 
a germ]. Pertaining to that form of complete 
segmentation that gives rise to an amphiblastula. 

amphiblastula (am-fe-blas'-tu-lah) [amphi-; blastula, 
dim. of /SAaaros, a germ]. The mulberry-mass or 
morula-stage in the development of a holoblastic egg. 
It follows the stage known as amphimorula. 

amphiblestritis (am-fe-bles-tri'-tis) [ap.cpiP\ri<rTpov, 
a net; ir«, inflammation]. Inflammation of the 
retina. 

amphiblestroid (am-fe-bles'-troid) [&p.<pL^\ri<TTpov, 
a net; eldos, form]. Net-like. a. apoplexia, Apo- 
plexy of the retina, a. membrane, the retina. 

amphibolia (am-fe-bo'-le-ah) [&jt#i/3oXia, uncer- 
tainty]. The vacillating period of a fever or disease. 

amphibolic (am-fe-bol'-ik) [see amphibolia]. Un- 
certain; doubtful. Applied to a period in the febrile 
process occurring between the fastigium and the 
defervescence, and marked by exacerbations and re- 
missions. 

amphicelous (am-fe-se'-lus) [ancpi, at both ends; 
koZXos, hollow]. In biology, biconcave, as the 
center of the vertebrae of fishes. 

amphicentric (am-fi-sen'-trik) [&.p.<f>L, both; nkvrpov, 
a point]. Originating and ending in the same 
vessel. 

amphicrania (am-fe-krd'-ne-ah) [amphi-; Kpavlov, 
the skull]. Headache affecting both sides of the 
head. 

amphicreatine {am-fe-kre'-at-in) [amphi-; Kpkaa, 
flesh], C7H19N7O4. One of the muscle-leukomaines. 
It crystallizes in brilliant oblique prisms of a yel- 
lowish-white color, and is faintly basic. 

amphicreatinine (am-fe-kre-at'-in-in) [see amphi- 
creatin], C9H10N7O4. A member of the creatinin 
group of leukomaines derived from muscle. 

amphicroic (am-fe-kro'-ik) [amphi-; Kpoveiv, to 
test]. Having the power to turn blue litmus-paper 
red and red litmus-paper blue. 

amphicytula (am-fe-sit'-u-lah) [hp.<pi, on both sides; 
kvtos, cell]. The parent cell of an amphiblastic 
ovum. 

amphidesmic, amphidesmous (am-fe-des'-mik, 
-mus) ]a.p.<pL, on both sides; 5e<rp.6s, a bond, a fetter]. 
Furnished with a double ligament. 

amphidiarthrosis (am-fe-di-ar-thro'-sis) [amphi-; 
SiapOpuxris, articulation]. A mixed articulation such 
as that of the lower jaw, which partakes of the 
nature both of amphiarthrosis and diarthrosis. 

amphigastrula {am-je-gas'-tru-lah) [b.p.<pl, on both 
sides; yao-rrtp, belly]. The gastrula of an amphi- 
blastic ovum. 

amphigony (am-fig'-o-ne) [amphi-; yovos, offspring]. 
The sexual process in its broadest sense; gamogenesis. 

amphimicrobian (am-fe-mi-kro'-be-an) [amphi-; 
p-Lnpos, small; (ilos, life]. Both aerobian and anaero- 
bian. 

amphimixis (am-fi-miks'-is) [amphi-; pl£is, mixing]. 
The mingling of two individuals or their germs; 
sexual reproduction. 



amphimorula (am-fe-mor'-u-lah) [amphi-; morula, 
a mulberry]. The morula, or globular mass of 
cleavage cells resulting from unequal segmentation, 
the cells of the hemispheres being unlike in size. 

Ampbioxus (am-fe-oks'-us) [a/x<pl, both; 6£vs, 
sharp]. A genus of fishes tapering at both ends, 
the lancelet. 

amphipyrenin (am-fe-pi'-ren-in) [6.p.<f>i, around; 
Trvp-qv, mass]. The nuclear membrane of a cell. 

amphismela (am-fis-me'-lah) [ap.<pl, both; nv\i], a 
probe]. A double-edged surgical knife. 

Amphistoma (am-fis'-to-mah) [amphi-; <rr6p.a, 
mouth]. A genus of trematode worms, named from 
the mouth-like apparatus at either end, also called 
amphistomum. One species, A. hominis, has been 
found in the large intestine of man. 

amphistomiasis (am-fis-to-mi'-as-is). The condi- 
tion of being infested with Amphistoma. 

amphitrichous (am-fit'-rik-us) [amphi-; 6pi£, a 
hair]. Applied to the type of flagellation in certain 
bacteria having a flagellum or flagella single at each 
pole. 

amphodiplopia (am-fo-dip-lo'-pe-ah) [ap.<pa, both; 
SnrXoos, double; &\p, eye]. Double vision affecting 
each of the eyes. 

amphogenous (am-foj'-en-us). See amphoteric. 

amphopeptone (am-fo-pep'-ton). A mixture of 
hemipeptone and antipeptone. 

amphophil, amphophilous (am'-fo-fil, am-fof -il-us) 
[ap.<pa), both; (piKeiv, to love]. Readily stainable 
alike with acid and with basic dyes. 

amphoric (am-for'-ik) [amphora, a vase with two 
handles]. Resembling the sound produced by 
blowing across the mouth of a bottle, a. breathing, 
breath-sounds with musical quality heard in diseased 
conditions of the lung, especially in pulmonary 
tuberculosis with cavity-formation, a. resonance, 
in auscultation, a metallic sound like that of blowing 
into a bottle, caused by the reverberation of sound 
in a cavity of the lung. a. respiration, see a. breath' 
ing. 

amphoricity (am-for-is'-i-te) [amphoric]. The qual- 
ity of being amphoric; the giving forth of amphoric 
sounds. 

amphoriloquy (am-for-il'-o-kwe) [amphoric, loqui, to 
speak]. The production of amphoric sounds in 
speaking. 

amphorophony (am-for-of'-o-ne) [amphoric; <puvr\, 
a sound]. An amphoric resonance or sound. 

amphoteric, amphoterous (am-fo-ter'-ik, am-fot'- 
er-us) [&p.<p6repoL, both of two]. Double-sided; 
having the power of altering the color of both red 
and blue litmus test-paper; a condition sometimes 
presented by the urine, a. elements, elements 
whose oxides unite with water, some to form acids, 
others to form bases. 

amphoterodiplopia (am-fot-er-o-dip-lo'-pe-ah) [L.]. 
Amphodiplopia. 

amphotropin (am-fo-tro'-pin). Hexamethylene- 
tetramine camphorate ((CH 2 )6N4) 2 . C 8 Hh(COOH)2. 
It acts as a urinary antiseptic, is said to promote 
the regeneration of sloughing epithelium, and to 
increase diuresis and the elimination of uric acid in 
pathological conditions. 

amplexation (am-pleks-a'-shun) [amplexatio, an 
embrace]. The treatment of a fractured clavicle 
by an apparatus that fixes the shoulder and covers a 
part of the chest and neck. 

amplexus (am-pleks'-us) [L., an embrace]. 1. An 
embracing; coitus. 2. Embraced, surrounded. 

ampliation (am-ple-a'-shun) [ampliare, to increase]. 
Dilatation or distention of a part or cavity. 

amplification (am-plif-ik-a'-shun) [amplificare, to 
enlarge]. 1. In microscopy, increase of the visual 
area. 2. Enlargement, as of a diseased organ. 

amplifier (am'-ple-fi-er) [see amplification]. An 
apparatus used in microscopy for increasing the 
magnification. It consists of a diverging lens or 
combination placed between the objective and the 
ocular, and gives to the image-forming rays from the 
objective an increased divergence. 

amplitude (am'-ple-tud) [amplus, broad]. The 
range or extent, as of vibrations and undulations, 
the pulse-wave, etc. 

ampoule (am-pool') [see ampulla], A small, 
sealed, glass capsule, usually holding one dose of a 
hypodermic solution, sterile and ready for use. 

ampul {am-pool'). See ampoule. 

ampulla (am-pul'-ah) [L., "a Roman wine-jug": 
pi., ampulla:]. 1. The trumpet-mouthed or dilated 



AMPULLACEOUS 



49 



AMYGDALA 



extremity of a canal, as of the lacrimal canal, the 
receptaculum chyli, the Fallopian tubes, mammary 
ducts, semicircular canals, vas deferens, etc. 2. A 
bulla or blister, a. chyli, the receptaculum chyli. 
a. of rectum, the portion above the perineal flexure. 
a. vitrea, a glass bottle. 

ampullaceous (am-pul-a'-shus). 1. Flask-shaped; 
big-bellied; gibbous. 2. Relating to an ampulla. 
3. Attended with the formation of bullae or blebs. 

ampullar, ampullate (am-pul'-ar, am'-pul-at). 
Relating to an ampulla; shaped like an ampulla. 

ampullitis (am-pul-i'-tis). Inflammation of an 
ampulla, more especially that of the vas deferens. 

ampullula (am-puV -u-lah) [dim. of ampulla]. 
A small ampulla, as in the lymphatic or lacteal 



amputation (am-pu-ta'-shun) [amputare, to cut 
away]. The removal of a limb or any projecting 
part of the body. Amputation may be by the 
knife, ligature, or other means, or it may be the 
result of pathological processes, as gangrene, constric- 
tion (e. g., of the cord in the fetus), a., accidental, 
the separation of a limb by some form of accident. 
a./aperiosteal, one in which the periosteum is com- 
pletely removed from the end of the cut bone or bones. 
a., bloodless, one in which there is but slight loss 
of blood, on account of the circulation being con- 
trolled by mechanical means, a., central, one in 
which the scar is situated at or near the center of 
the stump, a., circular, that performed by making a 
single flap, by circular sweeps of a long knife, through 
skin and muscles, in a direction vertical to the long 
axis of the limb, a., circular skin-flap, a modification 
of the circular, in which the skin-flap is dissected up, 
and the muscles divided at a higher level, a., coat- 
sleeve, a modification of the circular, in which the 
cutaneous flap is made very long, the end being 
closed by being gathered together by means of a tape. 
a., congenital, amputation of fetal portions, due to 
constriction by amniotic bands, a., consecutive, 
an amputation during the period of suppuration or 
later, a. in contiguity, amputation at a joint. 
a. in continuity, amputation of a limb elsewhere 
than at a joint, a., cutaneous, one in which the flaps 
are composed exclusively of the integuments, a., 
diclastic, one in which the bone is broken with an 
osteoclast and the soft tissues divided by means of an 
ecraseur. Its object is to avoid hemorrhage and 
purulent infection, a., double flap, one in which 
two flaps are formed from the soft tissues, a., dry, 
see a., bloodless, a., eccentric, one in which the 
scar is situated away from the center of the stump. 
a., elliptic, one that may be performed by a single 
sweep, as in the circular method; the wound, how- 
ever, having an elliptic outline, on account of the 
oblique direction of the incision, a. of expediency, 
one performed for cosmetic effect, a., flap, one in 
which one or more flaps are made from the soft 
tissues, the division being made obliquely, a., flap- 
less, one in which, on account of destruction of the 
soft parts, flaps cannot be formed, the wound healing 
by granulation, a., galvanocaustic, one in which 
the soft parts are divided with the galvanocautery, 
followed by division of the bone by the saw. a., 
immediate, one done within 12 hours after the injury, 
during the period of shock, a., intermediary, a., 
intermediate, a., intrapyretic, one performed during 
the period _ of reaction and before suppuration. 
a., intrauterine, see a., congenital, a., major, ampu- 
tation of an extremity above the wrist- or ankle-joint. 
a., mediate, see a., intermediary, a., mediotarsal. 

1. Chopart's amputation. 2. An amputation through 
the tarsus, preserving the scaphoid bone, a., minor, 
amputation of a small part, as a finger, a., mixed, a 
combination of the circular and flap methods, a., 
multiple, amputation of two or more members at the 
same time, a., musculocutaneous, one in which 
the flaps consist of skin and muscle, a., muscu- 
lotegumentary, see a., musculocutaneous, a., natural, 
see a., congenital, a., oblique, see a., oval, a., 
osteoplastic, one in which there are section and 
apposition of portions of bone in addition to the 
amputation, a., oval, a modification of the elliptic, 
in which the incision consists of two reversed spirals 
instead of the one oblique, a., partial. 1. One in 
which but a portion of the extremity is removed. 

2. An incomplete congenital amputation, a., patho- 
logical, one done for tumor or other diseased condition. 
a., primary, one done after the period of shock and 
before the occurrence of inflammation, a., racket, 



a variety of the oval amputation in which there is a 
single longitudinal incision continuous below with 
a spiral incision on either side of the limb, a., 
secondary, one performed during the period of 
suppuration, a., spontaneous, see a., congenital; 
it also occurs in the disease, ainhum. a., sub- 
astragalar, a partial amputation of the foot, leaving 
only the astragalus, a., subperiosteal, one in the 
continuity, the cut end of the bone being covered by 
periosteal flaps, a., supracondylar, see Gritti's 
operation, a., synchronous, see a., multiple, a., 
tertiary, that performed after the inflammatory 
reaction stage has passed, a. by transfixion, one 
done by thrusting a long knife completely through a 
limb and cutting the flaps from within out. 

amuck. See amok. 

amusia (ah-mu'-se-ah) [A, priv.; ftovaa, muse]. 
Loss of the ability to produce or comprehend music 
or musical sounds; an abnormity as regards music 
analogous to aphasia as regards the faculty of speech. 
a., motor, that in which music is understood, but 
the power of singing or otherwise reproducing music 
is lost, a., sensory, musical deafness, or the loss of 
the power of comprehension of musical sounds. 

Amussat's operation (am-oo-sah') [Jean Zulema 
A mussat, French surgeon. 1796-1856]. 1. A meth- 
od of arresting hemorrhage by torsion of the arteries 
by means of two forceps. 2. For atresia vagina; 
dilatation by the use of the finger or a dull instru- 
ment, without cutting. 3. For castration; by in- 
cision upon the posterior surface of the scrotum. 
4. For enterorrhaphy ; in cases of completely divided 
intestine, each end is invaginated and passed over a 
cork, with a groove at either end, and the intestine 
is tied in the grooves. 5. For imperforated rectum; 
the formation of an artificial anus in the perineum, f 
with or without excision of the coccyx. 6. For 
lumbar colotomy; a transverse incision is made, 
crossing the outer border of the quadratus lumborum 
muscle. A.'s valves, see Heister's valves. 

amussis (am-us'-is) [L., "a carpenter's rule or 
level"; pi., amusses]. One of two portions into 
which a median fissure divides the posterior com- 
missure of the brain. 

amyasthenia (am-i-as-the'-ne-ah). Same as amyos- 
thenia. 

amyctic (am-ik'-tik) [A/xvktik6s, mangling]. 1. 
Caustic; irritating. 2. A caustic or corrosive drug. 

amydriasis (ah-mid-rV -ah-sis) . See mydriasis. 

amyelencephalia (ah-mi-el-en-sef-a'-le-ah) [A, priv.; 
fiveXos, marrow; Ke<f>a\ri, the head]. Absence of 
both brain and spinal cord. 

amyelencephalus (ah-mi-el-en-sef'-al-us) [A, priv.; 
iive\6s, marrow; Ke<f>a\ii, the head]. A fetal monster 
having neither brain nor spinal cord. 

amyelia (ah-mi-e'-le-ah) [A, priv.; nve\6s, marrow]. 
Congenital absence of the spinal cord. 

amyelic (ah-mi-e'-lik) [see amyelia]. Relating to 
amyelia. 

amyelinic (ah-mi-el-in'-ik). Without myelin. 

amyelonervia (ah-mi-el-o-ner' -ve-ah) . See amy- 
eloneuria. 

amyeloneuria (ah-mi-el-o-nu'-re-ah) [A, priv.; 
HveKos, marrow; vevpov, a nerve]. Paresis of the 
spinal cord. 

amyelonic (ah-mi-el-on'-ik). 1. Amyelic. 2. With- 
out marrow. 

amyelotrophy (ah-mi-el-ot'-ro-fe) [A, priv.; nveXSs, 
marrow; rpo(j>rj, nourishment]. Atrophy of the 
spinal cord. 

amyelous (ah-mi'-el-us). See amyelic. 

amyelus (ah-mi'-el-us) [A, priv.; /iveKSs, marrow]. 
A fetal monstrosity with partial or complete absence 
of the spinal cord. 

amyencephalus (ah-mi-en-sef'-al-us). See amy- 
elencephalus. 

amygdala (am-ig'-dal-ah) [&nvySaKr], almond], 
1. The tonsil. 2. A small lobule on the lower surface 
of each cerebellar hemisphere, projecting into the 
fourth ventricle. 3. Almond. The seeds of A. 
amara and A. dulcis, containing the principle emulsin. 
The former contains amygdalin. The expressed oil 
of the sweet almond is a demulcent and is useful in 
skin affections; in doses of 1-2 dr. (4-8 Gm.), a mild 
laxative; that of A. amara is used in cosmetics. 
a. amara (U. S. P.), the bitter almond, a. dulcis 
(U. S. P.), the svyeet almond, amygdalae amarae, 
aqua (U. S. P.), a 1 : 1000 solution of the oil of 
bitter almonds in water. Dose 1 dr. (4 Cc). amyg- 
dalae amarae, oleum (U. S. P.), contains 3-14 % of 



AMYGDALA 



50 



AMYLOSE 



hydrocyanic acid and has similar uses. Dose J-i 
min. (0.016-0.065 Cc). amygdalae amarae, spiritus 
(U. S. P.), the spirit of bitter almonds, amygdalae, 
emulsum (U. S. P.), oil of sweet almonds 6 %; sugar, 
water, and acacia q. s. amygdalae expressum, oleum 
(U. S. P.), expressed oil of almonds. Dose 1 oz. 
(30 Cc). amygdalae, syrupus (U. S. P.), syrup of 
almond; demulcent and slightly sedative. Dose 1-2 
dr. (4-8 Cc). 

amygdalae (am-ig'-dal-e) [L., pi. of amydala]. 
The tonsils. 

amygdalectomy (am-ig-dal-ek'-to-me) [amygdala; 
tKTo\xi\, a cutting-out]. Excision of a tonsil. 

amygdalin (am-ig'-dal-in) [see amygdala], C20H27- 
NOn +3H2O. A glucoside formed in bitter almonds, 
in various plants, and in the leaves of the cherry- 
laurel. Under the influence of emulsin, contained 
in the almond, it splits up into glucose and hydro- 
cyanic acid. 

amygdaline (am-ig'-dal-en) [see amygdala]. 1. Al- 
mond-like. 2. Pertaining to the tonsil. 

amygdalitis (am-ig-dal-i'-tis) [amygdala; ins, in- 
flammation]. Tonsillitis. 

amygdaloid (am-ig'-dal-oid) [amygdala; el8os, 
form]. Resembling an almond, a. fossa, the 
depressionfor the lodgment of the tonsil, a. tuber- 
cle, a projection of gray matter at the end of the 
descending cornu of the lateral ventricle of the brain. 
It is attached to the temporal lobe, and appears to 
be nearly isolated by white substance. 

amygdalolith (am-ig-dal'-o-lith) [amygdala; Xi0os, 
a stone]. A concretion or calculus found in the tonsil. 

amygdaloncus (am-ig-dal-ong'-kus) [amygdala; 
07/cos, a mass]. Any tumor or swelling of the 
tonsil. 

amygdalopathy (am-ig-dal-op'-ath-e) [amygdala; 
iraBos, a disease]. Any disease of the tonsils. 

amygdalotome (am-ig'-dal-o-tom) [amygdala; rkp.- 
veiv, to cut]. An instrument used in cutting the 
tonsils. 

amygdalotomy (am-ig-dal-ot'-o-me) [see amygdalo- 
tome]. Tonsillotomy. Partial or complete abscission 
of a tonsil. 

amygodophenin 1 (am-ig-dof-en-in) , C6H4(OC2Hs)- 
NH . OC . CH(OH)C 6 H 5 . A grayish-white, crystal- 
line powder, derived from paramidophenol. It is 
antirheumatic Dose 15 gr. (1 Gm.) from 1 to 6 
times daily in powder. Syn., phenylglycolphenetidin. 

amygmus (am-ig'-mus) [&(ivyn6s]. Scarification. 

amykos (ah-mi'-kos) [&, priv.; juOkos, a fungus]. 
An antiseptic fluid composed of boric acid, glycerin 
and infusion of cloves. Of reputed service in gonor- 
rhea, dental caries, and catarrhs. 

amyl (am'-il) [&nv\ov, starch]. The radical, 
C5H11, of amy lie alcohol, the fifth member of the 
series of alcohol radicals, CnH2n+i. a.-alcohol, see 
amylic alcohol, a. bromide, CsHnBr, a transparent, 
colorless liquid, soluble in alcohol. It is antiseptic 
and germicidal, a. colloid, a fluid preparation con- 
sisting of amyl hydride, 480 parts; aconitine, 1 part; 
veratrine, 6 parts; collodion, to 960 parts. It is 
painted on the skin in neuralgia, sciatica, etc Syn., 
anodyne colloid, a. hydrate, see amylic alcohol. 
a. hydride, a fractional product of petroleum ether; 
it is an antiseptic Syn., hydramyl; pentylene; 
pentylhydride. a. iodide, CsHnI, the reaction- 
product of isoamylic alcohol, iodine, and phosphorus. 
It is sedative and antiseptic, and is used as an in- 
halation in dyspnea, a. nitrite, C5H11NO2, a clear, 
yellowish, volatile liquid, of a penetrating odor. It 
produces vascular dilation and stimulates the heart's 
action, and is useful in angina pectoris, respiratory, 
neuroses, etc. Dose, internally, \-i min. (0.016- 
0.065 Cc) dissolved in alcohol; by inhalation, 2-5 
min. (0.12-0.3 Cc). a. nitrite, carbureted, amyl 
nitrite saturated with carbon monoxide. It is 
suggested as a substitute for pure amyl nitrite, to 
obviate pressure in the head and other secondary 
objectionable properties, a. salicylate, a compound 
obtained from the action of chlorine on a saturated 
solution of salicylic acid in amylic alcohol. It is 
said to have the sedative properties of the amylic 
derivatives as well as antirheumatic qualities. Dose 
in acute rheumatism 10 capsules of 3 gr- (0.2 Gm.) 
each, daily, a. valerate, a. valerianate, O0H20O2. 
It is a cholesterin solvent and is used as a sedative 
in gall-stone colic. Dose 2-3 gr. (0.13-0.2 Gm.). 
Syn., apple oil. 

amylaceous (am-il-a' -se-us) [see amyl]. Con- 
taining starch; starch-like. See corpora amylacea. 



amylamine (am-il'-am-in). See isoamylamine. 
a. hydrochlorate, C5H14NCI, a reaction-product of 
amyl cyanate, potassium hydrate, and hydrochloric 
acid, occurring as deliquescent scales or crystals. 
It is an antipyretic. Dose 7-1 5 gr- (0.45-1.0 Gm.). 

amylase {am'-il-as) [anv\ov, starch; -ase]. Any 
amylolytic enzyme, causing hydrolytic cleavage of 
the molecules of starch. 

amylate (am'-il-at). 1. A combination formed by 
the replacement of the hydrogen of the hydroxyl 
molecule in amylic alcohol with a metal or basic radi- 
cal. 2. A compound of starch with a radical. 

amylene (am'-il-en) [see amyl], C5H10. A liquid 
hydrocarbon having dangerous anesthetic properties. 
a.-chloral, CCI3 . CH . OH . O . C . (CHs^Hs, di- 
methyl-ethyl-carbinol-chloral. It is hypnotic. Syn., 
dormiol. a. hydrate, C5H12O, a tertiary alcohol 
used as a hypnotic. Dose 30 min.-i dr. (2-4 
Cc). 

amylenization (am-il-en-iz-a'-shun). The pro- 
duction of anesthesia by means of amylene. 

amylenol {am-iV -en-oV) . Amyl salicylate; used 
externally in rheumatism. 

amylic (am-il'-ik) [see amyl]. Pertaining to amyl. 
a. alcohol, fusel oil; potato-starch alcohol; amyl 
hydrate. Ah alcohol having the composition C5H12O, 
produced in the continued distillation of fermented 
grain. It was formerly used to adulterate whisky. 
It is a solvent and reagent. 

amylin (am'-il-in) [see amyl]. The insoluble wall 
of the starch-grain. 

amylism (am'-il-izm). The toxic condition pro- 
duced by amyl alcohol. 

amylobacter (am-il-o-bak'-tur) [anvXov, starch; 
fSaKTrjpiov, a little rod]. A genus of schizomycetes 
characterized by a period of development in which it 
contains starch in its interior. 

amylodextrin {am-il-o-deks' -trin) . Same as ery- 
throdextrin. See soluble starch. 

amyloform (am-il'-o-form). An odorless white 
powder produced by the chemical combination of 
starch with formaldehyde. It is non-toxic, quite 
insoluble, and is not decomposed under 180 C. 
It is recommended as a surgical antiseptic. 

amylogen (am-il'-o-jen) [anv\ov, starch; yev-hs, 
produce]. Soluble starch. 

amylogenic (am-il-o-jen'-ik) [afivhov, starch; yewav, 
to produce]. Starch-producing. 

amylohydrolysis (am-il-o-hi-drol'-is-is) [anv\ov, 
starch; vSwp, water; Xuo-is, solution]. The hydro- 
lysis of starch. 

amylohydrolytic (am-il-o-hi-dro-lit'-ik) . Relating 
to the hydrolysis of starch. 

amyloid (am'-il-oid) [anv\oi>, starch ;eI5o$, form]. 1. 
Starch-like. 2. A starchy substance. 3- Glycogen. 
4. Virchow's name for a waxy body found in animal 
tissue as a result of disease and resembling starch 
only in the one particular that it is stained by 
iodine. Cf. amyloid degeneration, a. bodies, bodies 
resembling starch-grains, found in the nervous sys- 
tem, the prostate, etc They are the result of a 
localized amyloid degeneration, a. degeneration, 
waxy or lardaceous degeneration. A degeneration 
characterized by the formation of an albuminous 
substance, resembling starch in its chemical reactions. 
The process affects primarily the connective tissue 
of the blood-vessels of various organs, and is con- 
nected with or due to chronic suppuration in the 
body. Amyloid substance gives a brown color with 
iodine, a red color with gentian-violet, and turns 
blue on being treated with iodine and sulphuric acid. 
a. kidney, see Bright 's disease. 

amyloidosis (am-il-oid-o'-sis). See amyloid degen- 
eration. 

amylolysis (am-il-oV -is-is) [anvXov, starch; Awm, 
solution]. The digestion of starch, or its conversion 
into sugar. 

amylolytic {am-il-o-liV -ik) [see amylolysis]. Per- 
taining to or effecting the digestion of starch, as the 
ferments in the saliva and pancreatic juice that 
convert starch into sugar. 

amylon (am'-il-on) [&ijlv\op, starch]. 1. Starch. 
2. Glycogen. 3. A principle found in grape-juice. 

amyloplast (am'-il-o-plast) [anvKov, starch; Tr\a<r<reiv, 
to form]. A leukoplast; a starch-forming proto- 
plasmic granule. 

amylopsin (am-il-op'-sin) [afivKov, starch; 6\pis, 
appearance]. A ferment found in the pancreatic 
juice which changes starch into sugar. 

amylose (am'-il-os) [anv\ov, starch]. Any one of 



AMYLUM 



51 



ANADROME 



the group of carbohydrates, comprising starch, gly- 
cogen, dextrin, inulin, gum, cellulose, and tunicin. 

amylum (am'-il-um) [L.], CeHioOs. Starch, 
amyli, glyceritum (U. S. P.). contains starch, 10; 
water, 10; glycerol, 80 %; used for external appli- 
cation, a. iodatum, contains starch, 95 %; iodine, 
5 %, triturated with distilled water and dried. Dose 
1 dr.-| oz. (4-16 Gm.). amyli, mucilago (B. P.), 
used in making enemas. 

amyluria (am-il-u'-re-ah) [a/ivXov, starch; ovpov, 
urine]. Presence of starch in the urine. 

amyocardia (am-i-o-kar'-de-ah) [a, priv. ; fivs, 
muscle; KapSia, the heart]. Lack of muscular power 
In the heart's contractions. 

amyostasia (am-i-os-ta' -ze-ah) [a, priv.; fivs, 
muscle; <rrd<m, standing]. An abnormal trembling 
of the muscles while in use, often seen in locomotor 
ataxia. 

amyosthenia {am-i-os-the' -ne-ah) [a, priv.; fivs, 
muscle; adkvos, force]. Deficient muscular power. 

amyosthenic (am-i-o-sthen'-ik) [d, priv.; pis, 
muscle; adivos, force]. Pertaining to amyosthenia. 
Also, a medicine or agent depressing muscular action. 

amyotaxia (ah-mi-o-taks'-e-ah) [&, priv.; fivs, 
muscle; rd£is, arrangement]. Motor disturbance of 
the muscles, of spinal or cerebral origin. Muscular 
ataxia. 

amyotonia {am-i-o-to' -ne-ah) [d, priv.; fivs, muscle; 
t6i>os, tone]. Lack of muscular tone; myatonia. 

amyotrophia (am-i-o-tro'-fe-ah) [d, priv.; fivs, 
muscle; rpo4>fi, nourishment]. Atrophy of a muscle. 

amyotrophic (am-i-o-tro' -fik) [see amytrophia]. 
Characterized by muscular atrophy, a. lateral 
sclerosis, lateral sclerosis combined with muscular 
atrophy. The lesion is in the pyramidal tracts and 
in the ganglion-cells of the anterior gray horns of the 
spinal cord. The disease has a marked tendency to 
involve the medulla, a. paralysis, that due to 
muscular atrophy. 

amyotrophy (am-i-ot'-ro-fe). See amyotrophia. 

amyous (am'-i-us) [d, priv.; fivs, muscle]. Weak; 
deficient in muscle or muscular strength. 

amyrin (am'-e-rin) [amyris], C4oH«0. A resinous 
principle derived from Mexican Elemi. 

Amyris (am'-e-ris) [L.]. A genus of tropical 
trees and shrubs producing fragrant resins and gums, 
such as Elemi, etc. 

amyxia (am-iks'-i-ah) [d, priv.; tii'£a, mucus]. 
Absence or deficiency of mucous secretion. 

amyxis (ah-miks'-is) [afivo-o-eiv , to scarify]. Scari- 
fication. 

amyxodes (ah-miks-o'-dez) . 1. Deficient in mucus; 
relating to amyxia. 2. Scarified; relating to amyxis. 

amyxorrhea (am-iks-o-re'-ah) [d, priv.; fiv£a, mucus ; 
poia, flow]. Absence of the normal mucous secretion. 

-an, a suffix applied to a class of bodies related to 
the starch and sugar group. • 

ana (an'-ah) [ava, so much each]. A Greek pre- 
position signifying through, up, again, etc. In pre- 
scriptions contracted to aa, meaning of each. 

-ana. A termination preferably used as a suffix to 
the name of a species around which others naturally 
cluster, in the naming of subsections or groups of 
species; e. g., the group of species of Helix related 
to H. pomatia may be indicated by the term 
pomatiana. 

anabasis (an-ab' -as-is) [avafialveiv, to go up]. 
The increasing stage of acute disease. 

anabatic (an-ab-at'-ik) [see anabasis]. Increasing; 
growing more intense ; as the anabatic stage of a fever. 

anabiosis (an-ab-i-o'-sis) [avafiioeiv, to come to 
life again]. The reappearance of vitality in an 
apparently lifeless organism. Resuscitation; reani- 
mation. 

anabiotic (an-ab-i-ot'-ik) [&va, again; /3i6s, life]. 
1. Relating to anabiosis. 2. Restoring the strength 
or activity. 

anabole (an-ab'-o-le) [avafiaWeiv, to throw up]. 
A throwing up; what is thrown up; vomit; vomiting; 
expectoration; regurgitation. 

anabolergy (an-ab-ol'-er-je) [avafiaWeiv, to throw 
up; epyov, work]. The force expended or work per- 
formed in anabolism or in anabolic processes. 

anabolic (an-ab-ol'-ik) [ava(3aX\eiv, to throw up]. 
Pertaining to or characterized by anabolism. 

anabolin (an-ab' -o-lin) [see anabolic]. Any sub- 
stance formed during the anabolic process. 

anabolism (an-ab' -o-lizm) [see anabolic]. Syn- 
thetic or constructive metabolism. Activity and 
repair of function; opposed to katabolism. 



anabrosis (an-ab-ro'-sis) [avafSpucns, an eating up]. 
Corrosion, or superficial ulceration. 

anabrotic (an-ab-rot'-ik) [avafipwo-is, an eating up]. 
Pertaining to anabrosis; corrosive. 

anacampsis (an-ah-kamp'-sis) [avaKafivreiv, to bend 
back]. A flexure. 

anacamptic (an-ah-kamp'-tik) [see anacampsis]. 
Reflected, as sound or light; pertaining to or causing 
a reflection. 

anacamptometer (an-ah-kamp-tom' -et-er) [avo.Ka.fnr- 
reiv, to bend back; fikrpov, a measure]. An appar- 
atus for measuring reflexes. 

Anacardium (an-ah-kar' -de-um) [ava, up; Kapdia, 
the heart, from its heart-shaped seeds]. 1. A genus 
of tropical trees. A. occidentale yields cashew-gum 
and the cashew-nut. 2. The oil of the pericarp of 
the cashew-nut, known as cardol, and used as an 
escharotic. It is said to be of value in leprosy. 
a., ointment of, 1 part of the tar to 8 of lard or 
vaselin, used as a blistering ointment, a., tincture 
of, 1 to 10 of rectified spirit. Dose 2-10 min. 
(0.12-0.6 Cc). 

anacatadidymous (an-ak-at-ad-id' -im-us) [ava, up; 
Kara, down; SISvfios, a twin]. Divided above and 
below, but jointed centrally into one; said of certain 
twin monsters. 

anacatadidymus (an-ak-at-ad-id' -im-us) [ava, up; 
Kara, down; didvfios, a twin]. An anacatadidymous 
monstrosity. 

anacatharsis (an-ak-ath-ar'-sis) [di'd, up; Kadapo-is, 
purgation]. Expectoration; vomiting. 

anacathartic (an-ak-ath-ar'-tik) [ava, up; Kaffaptns, 
purgation]. 1. Causing anacatharsis. 2. An ex- 
pectorant, emetic, or sternutatory drug or agent. 

anachlorhydria (an-ah-klor-hid'-re-ah). The lack 
of hydrochloric acid in the gastric juice. 

anacid (an-as'-id) [av, priv.; acidum, acid]. Slight- 
ly acid; subacid; not having the normal amount of 
acidity. 

anacidity (an-as-id'-it-e). The lack of normal 
acidity; subacidity; inacidity. 

anaclasimeter (an-ak-las-im' -et-er) [anaclasis; 
fikrpov, measure]. An instrument for measuring 
the refraction of the eye. 

anaclasis (an-ak' -las-is) [avoKkacns, a breaking-off 
or back]. 1. Reflection or refraction of light or 
sound. 2. A fracture. 3. Forcible flexion of a stiff 
joint. 

anaclastic (an-ak-las'-tik) [avaxhao-is, a breaking- 
off, or back]. Pertaining to refraction, or to ana- 
clasis. 

anaclisis (an-ak' -lis-is) [avaicXio-is, reclining].' 
Decubitus; the reclining attitude. 

anacroasia (an-ak-ro-a'-ze-ah) [av, priv.; aicpoao-is, 
hearing]. Inability to understand words that are 
heard, while the same words if read by the patient 
are understood. 

anacrotic (an-ak-rot'-ik) [ava, up; upbros, a stroke]. 
Relating to. or characterized by anacrotism. 

anacrotisin (an-ak' -ro-tizm) [see anacrotic]. The 
condition in which there is one or more notches on 
the ascending limb of the pulse-curve. 

anacusia, anacusis (an-ak-oo' -se-ah, an-ak-oo'-sis) 
[av, priv.; aKoveiv, to hear]. Complete deafness. 

anadenia (an-ad-e' -ne-ah) [av, priv.; ad-hv, gland]. 
Insufficiency of glandular function. Chronic want 
of gastric secretion, a. gastrica, Ewald's name for 
achylia gastrica. a. ventriculi, see achylia gastrica. 

anadesma (an-ah-dez'-mah) [avadkafiri, a fillet]. 
A band or fascia. 

anadicrotic (an-ah-di-krot'-ik) [ava, up; Sis, twice; 
Kporos, a stroke]. Characterized by anadicrotism. 

anadicrotism (an-ah-di' -krot-izm) [see anadicrotic]. 
Dicrotism of the pulse-wave occurring in the upward 
stroke. 

anadidymous (an-ad-id' -im-us) [ava, up; Sldv/ios, a 
twin]. Cleft upward into two, while single below — 
said of certain joined twins. 

anadidymus (an-ad-id' -im-us) [see anadidymous]. 
An anadidymous monster. 

anadiplosis (an-ah-dip-lo'-sis) [ava, up, back; 
dnr\6eiv, to double]. The reduplication or redoub- 
ling of a fever paroxysm. 

anadiplotic (an-ah-dip-lof -ik) [ava, up; 8nr\6eiv, to 
double]. Characterized by anadiplosis. 

anadipsia (an-ah-dip' -se-ah) [ava, intensive; 8i\pa, 
thirst]. Intense thirst. 

anadrome (an-ad'-ro-me) [avaSpofi-q, a running up]. 
1. An upward determination of the blood. 2. A 
pain ascending from the lower to the higher portion 



AN^EMATOPOIESIS 



52 



ANAMNESTIC 



of the body. 3. The ascent of sap in plants. 4. See 
globus hystericus. 

anaematopoiesis (an-e-mat-o-poi-e'-sis). See ane- 
matopoiesis. 

anaematosis (an-e-mal-o'-sis). See anematosis. 

anaemia (an-e'-me-ah). See anemia. 

anaemic (an-e'-mik). See anemic. 

anaerobe (an-a'-er-ob). See anaerobion. 

anaerobia (an-a-er-o'-be-ah) [&v, priv.; k-qp, air; 
/3t'os, life]. Plural of anaerobion. Microorganisms 
having the power of living without air or free oxygen. 
a., facultative, applied to organisms normally or 
usually living in the presence of oxygen, but capable 
of becoming anaerobic. 

anaerobic (an-a-er-o'-bik) [see anaerobia]. Living 
in the absence of the oxygen or air. See aerobic. 

anaerobion (an-a-er-o' -be-on). See anaerobia. 

anaerobiosis (an-a-er-o-bi-o'-sis) [see anaerobia]. 
Life sustained in the absence of free oxygen; the 
power of living where there is no free oxygen. 

anaerobiotic, anaerobious (an-a-er-o-bi-ot'-ik, an-a- 
er-o'-be-us) [see anaerobia]. Capable of existing 
without free oxygen. 

anaerophyte (an-a'-e-ro-fit) [b.v, priv.; irjp, air; 
4>vt6v, a plant]. In biology, a plant capable of 
living without a direct supply of oxygen. 

anaeroplastic (an-a-er-o-plas'-tik) [&i>, priv.; ir/p, 
air; irX&aaav, to shape]. Pertaining to anaeroplasty. 

anaeroplasty (an-a'-er-o-plas-te) [&i>, priv.; &rjp, air; 
irkaaaeiv, to shape]. The treatment of wounds by 
immersion in warm water, so as to exclude the air. 

anaesthesia (an-es-the'-ze-ah). See anesthesia. 

anaesthesin (an-es' -thes-in) . Same as anesthesin. 

anaesthetic (an-es-thet'-ik). See anesthetic. 

anagenesis (an-aj-en'-e-sis) [av ay kwrja is, regen- 
eration]. Reparation or reproduction of tissues. 

anagnosasthenia {an-ag-nos-as-the' -ne-ah) [ava.- 
yvwaris, reading; asthenia]. Neurasthenia in which 
any attempt to read is accompanied by distressing 
symptoms. 

anagoge, anagogia (an-a-go'-je, an-a-go'-je-ah) 
[Lvayuyi), a bringing up]. Vomiting, a. haematis, 
a. sanguinis, a rush of blood to the head. 

anagraph (an'-a-graf) [avaypa<j>rj, a writing out]. 
A physician's prescription or recipe. 

anagyrine (an-aj-i'-rin) [ava, backward; yvpos, a 
circle], CHN2O2. An alkaloid from the seeds of 
Anagyris fcetida, a leguminous shrub of Southern 
Europe. Its hydrochloride is poisonous, slowing the 
respiration, and interfering with the heart's action. 
a. hydrobromide, CuHis^C^HBr. Small, white, 
shining scales, soluble in water and alcohol, melting 
at 265° C. It is used as a heart stimulant. 

anakhre (an-ak'-er). Synonym of goundou (q. v.). 

anakroasia (an-ak-ro-a'-ze-ah). See anacroasia. 

anakusis (an-ak-oo'-sis). See anacusia. 

anal (a'-nal) [anus, the fundament]. Pertaining 
to the anus. 

analdia. (an-al'-de-ah). See marasmus. . 

analepsia (an-al-ep'-se-ah). See analepsis. 

analepsis (an-al-ep'-sis) [see analeptic]. 1. Re- 
covery of strength after disease. 2. Suspension, as 
in a swing. 3. Epilepsy with gastric aura. 

analeptic (an-al-ep'-tik) [avdKriTTiKos, restorative]. 
1. Restorative. 2. Any agent restoring health after 
illness. 

analeptol (an-al-ep' '-tol) . A tonic preparation 
said to contain phosphorus, T £o 8 r -i nux vomica 
extract, £ gr.; cinchona, 2 gr.; coca leaves, 1 gr., 
and the addition of aromatics. 

analgen (an-al'-jen) [&v, priv.; aXyos, pain], 
C26H14N2O4. A white, tasteless, crystalline powder, 
almost insoluble in water, soluble with difficulty in 
cold alcohol, but more readily in hot alcohol and 
dilute acids. It melts at 406.4 F. It is employed 
as an analgesic, antineuralgic, and antipyretic. 
Dose 10-30 gr. (0.65-2.0 Gm.). 

analgesia (an-al-je'-ze-ah) [see analgen]. Insensi- 
bility to or absence of pain. a. algera, a. dolorosa, 
severe pain in a part with loss of general sensibility. 
a. panaris, synonym of Morvan's disease. 

analgesic (an-al-je '-sik) [see analgen]. 1. Anodyne; 
relieving pain. 2. Affected with analgesia. 3- A 
remedy that relieves pain. 

analgesia (an-al'-je-siri). See antipyrine. 
analgetic (an-al-je' -tik). See analgesic. 
analgia {an-al'-je-ah) [av t priv.; ahyos, pain]. 
Absence of pain. 

analgic (an-al'-jik) [see analgen]. Analgesic, 
analgin (an-al'-jin). Synonym of creolin. 



analogue analog, (an'-al-og) [av&Xoyos, conform- 
able]. A part or organ having the same function 
as another, but with a difference of structure. The 
correlative term, homologue, denotes identity of 
structure with difference of function. The wing of 
the butterfly and that of the bird are analogous, but 
the wing of a bird and the arm of a man are homo- 
logous. 

analogous (an-al'-o-gus) [see analogue]. Con- 
forming to, proportionate, answering to. 

analogy (an-al'-o-je) [avaXoyos, conformable]. 
Similarity in function or origin between parts or 
organs, without identity. 

analosis (an-al-o'-sis) [avaXwais, expenditure]. 
A wasting away; atrophy. 

analysis (an-al'-is-is) [avaXveiv, to unloose]. The 
resolution of a compound body into its constituent 
parts, a., absorptiometric, the determination of 
the composition of gaseous bodies by observation 
of the amount of absorption which occurs on exposure 
to a liquid in which the coefficient of absorption of 
different gases is already known, a., clinical, a 
thorough examination of symptoms, lesions, and 
history to determine the nature of a disease and its 
cause, a., densimetric, analysis of a subject by 
means of determining the specific gravity of the 
solution and thus estimating the amount of dis- 
solved matter, a., dry, that by means of blowpipe, 
etc.; also spectral analysis, a., eudiometric, see 
a., gasometric. a., gasometric, the determination'of 
the constituents of gaseous compounds, especially 
the determination of the amount of oxygen in speci- 
mens of atmospheric air. a., gravimetric, the 
quantitative determination, by weight, of the ele- 
ments of a body, a., immediate, see a., proximate. 
a., indirect, a quantitative estimation of the elements 
of a compound obtained not by isolating them, but 
by causing them to form new combinations and 
observing the relation of the molecular weight of 
these to that of the original body, a., inorganic, 
that of inorganic matter, a., microchemical, chemi- 
cal analysis with the aid of a microscope, a., 
organic, the determination of the elements of matter 
formed under, the influence of life. The analysis of 
animal and vegetable tissues, a., polariscopic, 
analysis conducted with the polariscope. a., pris- 
matic, spectral analysis, a., proximate, the deter- 
mination of the simpler compound into which a 
substance may be resolved, a., qualitative, the 
determination of the nature of the elements that 
compose a body, a., quantitative, the determination 
of the proportionate parts of the various elements of a 
compound, a., radiation, a method of analysis 
based upon discoveries of Becquerel and taking 
advantage of the comparative radioactivity of various 
metals, a., spectral, ^the determination of the 
composition of a body by means of the spectroscope. 
a., thermometric, analysis by means of observation 
of the varying temperature produced by the inter- 
action of substances mixed or combined together. 
a., ultimate, the resolution of a compound into its 
ultimate elements, a., volumetric, the quantitative 
determination of a constituent by volume, a., wet, 
analysis conducted by means of solutions and precipi- 
tations. 

analyst (an'-al-ist). The person who makes an 
analysis; analyzer. 

analyzer (an'-al-i-zer) [see analysis]. 1. An analyst. 
2. In a polariscope, the Nicol prism, which exhibits 
the properties of light after polarization. 3. An 
apparatus for recording the excursions of tremor 
movements. 

Anam ulcer. A form of phagedena, common in 
hot countries. 

Anamirta (an-am-er'-ta). A genus of Menis- 
permacea. A. paniculata, or Menispermum coc- 
culus, is the source of cocculus indicus. 

anamirtin (an-am-er' -tin) [Anamirta, a genus of 
plants], C19H36O2. A glycerid derived from coc- 
culus indicus, the berry-like fruit of Anamirta 
paniculata. 

anamnesia (an-am-ne' -ze-ah) . See anamnesis. 

anamnesis (an-am-ne' -sis) [avap.vri<Tis, a recalling 
to mind]. 1. The faculty of memory; recollection. 
2. That which is remembered; information gained 
from the patient and others regarding the past his- 
tory of a case. 

anamnestic (an-am-nes'-tik) [see anamnesis]. 

1. Pertaining to the anamnesis, or history of a case. 

2. Remembering. 3. Restorative of the memory. 



ANAMNIONIC 



53 



ANASTALSIS 



ionic (an-am-ne-on'-ik). Same as anam~ 
niotic. 

anamniotic (an-am-ne-ot'-ik) [av, priv.; ap.vlov, 
amnion]. Without an amnion. 

anamorphosis (an-am-orf-o'-sis) [&va, again; pop<f>o- 
eiv, to form], i. Distortion or anomaly of develop- 
ment. In biology, gradual change of form in suc- 
cessive members of a group. 2. In optics, that 
process by which a distorted image is corrected by 
means of a curved mirror, a., catoptric, correction 
of a distorted image by means of a conic or cylindric 
mirror, a., dioptric, correction of a distorted image 
by means of a pyramidal glass. 

ananabasia (an-an-ab-a'-ze-ah) [av, priv.; avafiaa-cs, 
an ascending]. A form of abulia manifested by 
incapacity to ascend heights. 

ananaphylaxis (an-an-ah-fil-ak'-sis). A condition 
which neutralizes anaphylaxis; it is wrongly termed 
antianaphylaxis. 

ananastasia {an-an-as-ta' -ze-ah) [av, priv.; hvaar- 
tolols, a rising up]. An abulistic inability to rise 
from a sitting posture. 

anandria (an-an'-dre-ah) [&v, priv.; av-qp, man]. 
Lack of virility; impotence. 

anangioplasia (an-an-je-o-pla'-se-ah) [av, priv.; 
ayyelov, a vessel; ir\acr<reiv, to form]. Congenital 
narrowing of the caliber of the blood vessels. 

anangioplasm (an-an'-je-o-plazm) [av, priv. ; ayyelov, 
a vessel; -n-\ao-p.a, something formed]. Imperfect 
vascular development. 

anapeiratic (an-ap-i-rat'-ik) [avaireipaadai, to do 
again]. A condition due to excessive exercise, as in 
writers' cramp. 

anaphalantiasis (an-af-al-an-ti'-as-is) [Aj'd, up; 
4>ahados, bald in front]. The falling out of the 
eyebrows. 

anaphase (an'-af-dz) [&va, up; <j>a.<ns, a phase]. 
The phenomenon of karyokinesis immediately pre- 
ceding the formation of the daughter-stars, and up 
to the formation of the resting daughter-nuclei. 

anaphia (an-a'-fe-ah) [av, priv.; a4>rj, touch]. 
I. Defective sense of touch. 2. A state of abnormal 
sensitiveness to touch. 3. A state in which nothing 
is learned by palpation. 

anaphora (an-af-or-ah) [ava<j>opa, a bringing up]. 
1. A bringing up, as by coughing. 2. Recovery 
from illness. 3. Rush of blood to the head. 4. A 
violent inspiration or respiration. 

anaphoresis (an-af-or-e'-sis) [&v, priv.; <f>epeiv, to 
carry]. A diminution in the activity of the sweat- 
glands. 

anaphoretic (an-ah-for-et'-ik). 1. Checking per- 
spiration. 2. An agent that checks the secretion of 
sweat. 

anaphoria (an-af-o'-re-ah). An upward tendency 
of the eyes and of the visual axes. 

anaphrodisia (an-af-ro-diz'-e-ah) [av, priv.; 'A<f>po- 
8iT7j, Venus]. Absence or impairment of sexual 
appetite. 

anaphrodisiac (an-af-ro-diz'-e-ak). 1. Relating to, 
affected by, or causing anaphrodisia. 2. An agent 
that allays the sexual desire. 

anaphrodite ian-af-ro-dit). An individual affected 
with anaphrodisia. 

anaphylactic (an-ah-fil-ak'-tik) [av, priv.; <f>v\a£, 
a guardian]. 1. Having the property of diminishing 
immunity instead of reinforcing it. 2. A serum which 
diminishes immunity, a. shock, the general con- 
dition produced by the repeated injections of foreign 
serum. 

anaphylactin (an-ah-fil-ak'-tin). A substance sup- 
posed to produce anaphylaxis; "a toxic, or irritating 
nonassimilable substance, assumed to be part of the 
proteid introduced on first injection, which renders 
the tissue cells abnormally susceptible to reinjections 
of the same substance." 

anaphylatoxin (an-ah-fil-ah-tok'-sin). The poison- 
ous substance which produces the symptoms in 
anaphylaxis; it is non-specific, and is supposed to be 
formed by anaphylactin and the newly injected pro- 
tein. 

anaphylaxis (an-ah-fil-ak'-sis). Induction of di- 
sease; specifically, an intoxication due to the union 
of a foreign substance with antibodies produced by 
previous introduction of the same substance ; opposed 
to prophylaxis. 

anaphylaxy (an-ah-fil-aks'-e). See anaphylaxis. 
anaplase (an'-ap-laz) [ava, up; irXdaaeiv, to build]. 
The stage of growth and development; the period 
before full maturity. 



anaplasia (an-ah-pla'-ze-ah). 1. The tendency of 
certain* tissues toward reversion to an earlier or 
embryonal type. 2. A similar tendency in cells 
to revert to a less differentiated condition, prior to 
cell division. 

anaplasis {an-ah-pla' -sis) . See anaplasty. 

anaplasm (an'-ah-plazm). See anaplasty. 

anaplast (an'-ap-last) [avaifKaaatw, to shape]. 
See leukoplast. 

anaplastic (an-ap-las'-tik) [avaifKaoaeLv, to build 
up]. 1. Relating to anaplasty; restoring a lost or 
defective part. 2. Agent that facilitates repair. 
a. surgery, anaplasty. 

anaplasty (an'-ap-las-te). An operation for the 
restoration of lost parts; plastic surgery. 

anaplerosis {an-ap-le-ro' -sis) [i.va, up; vkupbtw, to 
fill]. The restoration or repair of a wound, sore, or 
lesion in which there has been a loss of substance. 

anaplerotic (an-ap-le-rot'-ik) [ava, up; irX-npoeiv, to 
fill]. 1. Promotive of repair, favoring granulation. 
2. A remedy or application that promotes repair. 

anapnograph (an-ap'-no-graf) [avairvo-q, respiration; 
ypa<f>eiv, to write]. An apparatus registering the 
movements of (1) inspiration and expiration, (2) the 
quantity of air inhaled. 

anapnoic (an-ap-no'-ik) [ava, against; airvoia, 
want of breath]. 1. Relieving dyspnea. 2. Favor- 
ing respiration. 

anapnometer, anapneometer {an-ap-nom'-et-er, 
an-ap-ne-om' -et-er) [avairvo-q, respiration; p.krpov, a 
measure]. . An anapnograph. 

anapophysis (an-ap-of-is-is) [ava, back; air6<fiv<ris, 
an offshoot]. An accessory process of a lumbar or 
dorsal vertebra, curresponding to the inferior tubercle 
of the transverse process of a typical dorsal vertebra. 

anaptic (an-ap'-tik) [av, priv.; acp-h, touch]. Per- 
taining to or marked by anaphia: loss of the tactile 
sense. 

anarcotine (ah-nar'-ko-tin) [a, priv.; narcotic]. 
Narcotine, which from its lack of narcotic power is 
mis-named. 

anarithmia (an-ar-ith'-me-ah). An inability to 
count. 

anarrhea, or anarrhcea (an-ar-e'-ah) [ava, up; 
poia, flow]. Afflux to an upper part, as of blood 
to the head. 

anarrhexis {an-ar-eks'-is) [ava, up; prints, fracture]. 
Surgical refracture of a bone. 

anarthria (an-ar'-thre-ah) [av, priv.; apdpov, articu- 
lation]. 1. Defective articulation. 2. Absence of 
vigor. 3. Without joints, a. _ centralis, partial 
aphasia duet o central lesion, a. literalis, stammering. 

anarthrous (an-ar'-thrus) [av, priv. ; apdpov, a 
joint]. Jointless. So corpulent that no joints are 
visible. 2. Lacking vigor. 3. Inarticulate. 

anasarca (an-ah-sar'-kah) [ava, through; <rdp£, the 
flesh]. An accumulation of serum in the subcu- 
taneous areolar tissues of the body. Syn., catasarca; 
episarcidium; hydrodermus; intercus; hydrops cellu- 
laris. a., acute, a form in which the flesh preserves 
its normal color and the depression made by the 
finger disappears quickly, a. a fluxu, that due to 
loss of body-fluids, as in diarrhea or diabetes, a. 
americana, South American disease marked by sleepi- 
ness, headache, debility, and swelling of the abdomen, 
said to be due to the ingestion of sea-crabs, a., 
essential, that due to malnutrition, a. exanthe- 
matica, that attributed to the suppression of an 
exanthem, especially erysipelas, a. urinosa, that 
due to suppression of urine. Syn., urinary leuko- 
phlegmasia. 

anasarcin (an-ah-sar'-sin) . A remedy for dropsy, 
said to consist of the active principles of Oxydendron 
arboreum, Sambucus nigra, and Urginea scilla. 
Trade name of a remedy claiming to be a heart 
tonic and diuretic. 

anasarcous {an-ah-sar'-kus) [see anasarca]. Af- 
fected with anasarca. 

anasomia (an-ah-so'-me-ah) [ava, up; o-Cipa, 
body]. A deformed condition in which the limbs 
are abnormally adherent to the body. 

anaspadiac (an-ah-spa'-di-ak)]. A person affected 
with anaspadias. 

anaspadias (an-as-pa'-de-as) [ava, up; cnraeiv, to 
draw]. A urethral opening upon the upper surface 
of the penis. 

anaspasis (an-ah-spa' '-sis) [see anaspadias]. 1. A 
contraction. 2. Revulsion. 

anastalsis (an-as-taV -sis) . A term suggested by 
Cannon for the upward moving wave of contraction 



ANASTALTIC 



54 



ANCONAL 



occurring in the first part of the colon during diges- 
tion. There is no preceding wave of inhibition. 

anastaltic (an-as-ial'-tik) [avaaraXTLKos, checking; 
putting back], i. Strongly astringent. 2. Centri- 
petal; afferent. 

anastasis (an-as' -tas-is) [avaaraais, a setting up]. 
1. Recovery; convalescence. 2. An- upward afflux 
of the body humors. 3. Resuscitation of one 
apparently dead. 

anastate (an' -as-tat) [avaffraros, caused to rise]. 
Any substance that appears in or is characteristic 
of an anabolic process. 

anastatic (an-asrtat' -ik) [see anastasis]. Tending 
to recovery; restorative. 

anastigmatic (an-ah-stig-mat'-ik) . Free from astig- 
matism; said especially of photographic objectives 
which are corrected for astigmatism as well as for 
spheric and chromatic aberration. 

anastole (an-as' -to-le) [avaaroKi], retracted I. Re- 
traction; shrinking away, as of the lips of a wound. 

anastomose (an-as' -to-moz) [see anastomosis]. 
To produce anastomosis; to communicate by anas- 
tomosis. 

anastomosis (an-as-to-mo' -sis) [avaaronoeiv, to 
bring to a mouth]. 1. The intercommunication of 
blood-vessels. 2. The establishment of a communi- 
cation between two hollow parts or between two 
distinct portions of the same organ. See a., intestinal. 
3. A whetting of the appetite, a., crucial, an 
arterial anastomosis in the upper part of the thigh, 
formed by the anastomotic branch of the .sciatic, the 
first perforating, the internal circumflex, and the 
transverse branch of the external circumflex arteries. 
a., entero-. See enter oanastomosis. a., intestinal, 
an operation consisting in establishing a communi- 
cation between two parts of the intestine. 

anastomotic (an-as-to-mot'-ik) [see anastomosis], 
1. Pertaining to anastomosis. 2. Sharpening the 
appetite. 3. Aperient. 4. Causing dilation of the 
peripheral blood-vessels. 5- A communicating ar- 
tery or vein. See under artery and under vein. 

anastomotica (an-as-to-mot'-ik-ah). 1. A communi- 
cating artery or vein. 2. Tonic, aperient, or deob- 
struent medicines, a. magna, see under artery. 

anastomotris (an-as-to-mo' -tris) [L.; pi., anasto- 
motrides]. Any kind of a dilating instrument. 

anastrophe (an-as' -tro-fe) [ava<rTpk<j>eiv, to turn 
upside down]. Inversion, particularly of the viscera. 

anatherapeusis (an-ath-er-ap-u'-sis) [ava, up; 
Bepaircvffis, medical treatment]. Treatment by in- 
creasing doses. 

anathrepsis (an-ath-rep'-sis) [avadp&{/is, a fresh 
growth]. A renewal of lost flesh after recovery. 

anathreptic (an-ath-rep'-tik) [avadpop is, a fresh 
growth]. Restorative of lost flesh; nutritive. 

anatomical, anatomic (an-at-om'-ik-al, an-at-om'-ik) 
[anatomy]. Pertaining to anatomy, a. tubercle, 
see verruca necrogenica. 

anatomicochirurgical (an-a-tom-ik-o-ki-rur'-jik-al) . 
Relating to anatomy and surgery. 

anatomicomedical (an-at-om-ik-o-med' -ik-al) . Re- 
lating to medicine and anatomy or to medical 
anatomy. 

anatomicopathological (an-at-om-ik-o-path-o-loj '- 
ik-al). Pertaining to anatomy and pathology. 

anatomicophysiological (an-at-om-ik-o-fiz-e-o-loj'- 
ik-al). Relating to anatomy and physiology. 

anatomic surgical (an-at-om-ik-o-sur'-je-kal). Re- 
lating to anatomy and surgery. 

anatomist (an-at'-om-ist) [see anatomy]. One who 
is expert in anatomy, a.'s snuff-box, the triangular 
space between the tendons of the extensor of the 
metacarpal bone of the thumb and the extensor of 
the first phalanx on the back of the hand. 

anatomize (an-at'-om-iz). To dissect. 

anatomy (an-at'-o-me) [hva, up; rkfiveiv, to cut]. 
The science of the structure of organs or of organic 
bodies, a., applied, anatomy as concerned in the 
diagnosis and treatment of pathological conditions. 
a., artistic, that branch of anatomy treating of the 
external form of men and animals, their osseous and 
muscular systems, and the relative size of different 
parts and members of their bodies, a., comparative, 
the investigation and comparison of the anatomy of 
different orders of animals or of plants, one with 
another, a., descriptive, a study of the separate 
and individual portions of the body, apart from 
their relationship to surrounding parts, a., general, 
that branch of descriptive anatomy treating of the 
structure and physiological properties of the tissues 



and their arrangement into systems without regard 
to the disposition of the organs of which they form 
a part, a., gross, anatomy dealing with the naked- 
eye appearance of tissues, a., homological, the 
study of the correlations of the several parts of the 
body, a., medical, the application of anatomy to a 
study of the causation and symptomatology of 
nonsurgical diseases, a., microscopical, a., minute, 
that studied under the microscope, a., morbid, 
a., pathological, a study of diseased structures. 
a., physiognomonical, the study of expressions 
depicted upon the exterior of the body, especially 
upon the face, a., physiological, an anatomical 
study of tissues in respect to their functions, a., 
practical, dissection, a., regional, a study of limited 
parts or regions of the body, the divisions of which 
are collectively or peculiarly affected by disease, 
injury, operations, etc. a., surgical, the application 
of anatomy to surgery, a., topographical, the ana- 
tomy of a part in its relation to other parts, a., 
transcendental, the study of the general design of 
the body, and of the particular design of the organs. 
Anatomy as related to theories of type, and evolu- 
tion, a., vegetable, the branch of botany which 
treats of the relative position, form, and structure 
of the organs of plants, a., veterinary, the anatomy 
of domestic animals. 

anatresis (an-at-re'-sis) [avaTtrpav, to bore 
through]. Perforation; trephining. 

anatricrotic pulse (an-ah-tri-krot'-ik). A pulse 
wave with three breaks on the ascending curve. 

anatripsis (an-at-rip'-sis) [avdrpi^is, a rubbing]. 
1. Rubbing; the removal of a part or growth by 
scraping or rubbing; inunction. 2. An upward or 
centripetal movement in massage. 3. A crushing, 
as of calculi. 4. Itching; scratching to allay 
itching. 

anatriptic (an-at-rip'-tik) [see anatripsis]. A medi- 
cine to be applied by rubbing. 

anaxon, anaxone (an-aks'-on) [av, priv.: axis]. 
A neuron devoid of axis-cylinder processes. Syn., 
amacrine cell. 

anazotic (an-az-ot'-ik) [av, priv.; azotum, nitrogen]. 
Without azote or nitrogen. 

anazoturia (an-az-ot-u'-re-ah) [av, priv.; azotum, 
nhrogen; ovpov, urine]. A condition of deficient 
excretion of nitrogen in the urine, the urea being 
chiefly diminished. 

anazyme (an'-a-zim). The commercial name for a 
combination of carbolic and boric acids; it is a sub- 
stitute for iodoform. 

AnCC. Abbreviation for anodal closure contrac- 
tion. 

anchilops (ang'-kil-ops). See anckylops. 

anchone (ang'-ko-ne) [a.7x«»'. to strangle]. A 
spasmodic constriction of the throat observed in 
hysteria. 

anchorage (ang'-kor-aj). 1. The fixation of a 
floating or displaced viscus, whether by a natural 
process or by surgical means. 2. In dentistry, the 
means adopted for the retention of a dental filling, 
particularly its initial portion. 

anchoraiis (an-ko-ra'-lis) [ancora, an anchor]. The 
coronoid process of the ulna. 

anchusin (ang'-ku-sin) [ayxovaa, alkanet], C35H40O8. 
The red coloring-matter found in alkanet-root. See 
alkanet. 

ankyloblepharon (ang-kil-o-blef-ar-on). See an- 
kyloblepharon. 

anchyloglossia (ang-kil-o-glos'-e-ah). See ankylo- 
glossia. 

anchylops (ang'-kil-ops) [ayxi, near; <&^, the eye]. 
Abscess at inner angle of eye, prior to rupture. 

anchylosis (ang-kil-o'-sis). See ankylosis. 

ankylostomiasis (ang-kil-o-sto-mi'-as-is). See an- 
kylostomiasis. 

anchylostomum (ang-kil-os' -to-mum). See ankylo- 
stoma. 

ancipital (an-sip'-it-al) [anceps, double]. Two- 
edged. 

ancistrum (an-sis'-trum) [aynurrpov, a fish-hook]. 
A surgical hook. 

ancon (ang'-kon) [aynbv, the elbow]. Originally 
the olecranon process; applied to the elbow generally.. 

anconad (ang'-ko-nad) [ayn&v, the elbow]. Toward 
the olecranon, or elbow. 

anconagra (ang-kon-a'-grah) [ayK&v, the elbow. 
ay pa, a seizure]. Arthritic pain at the elbow. 

anconal, anconeal (ang'-kon-al, ang-ko' -ne-al) 
[ay Kiev, the elbow]. Pertaining' to the elbow. 



ANCONEN 



55 



ANEMONOL 



anconen (ang' -kon-en) [ayKuv, the elbow]. Be- 
longing to the ancon in itself. 

anconeus (ang-ko-ne'-us). See under muscle. 

anconoid (ang'-ko7t-oid) [ay kup, the elbow]. Re- 
sembling the elbow. 

ancyloglossum (an-sil-o-glos'-um). See tongue-tie. 

ancylomele (an-sil-o-me'-le). See ankylomele. 

Ancylostoma. See Ankylostoma. 

ancyra (an'-si-rah) [aynvpa, an anchor]. A hook. 

ancyroid (an'-sir-oid) [aynvpa, anchor; eWos, 
form]. Shaped like an anchor. 

Andernach's ossicles. See Wormian bones. 

Andersen's ganglion [Carl Samuel Andersch, 
German anatomist]. The petrosal ganglion. A.'s 
nerve, see Jacobson's nerve. 

Anderson's pill. The compound gamboge pill. 
A.'s reaction for distinguishing between quinoline and 
pyridine salts, the chloroplatinates of the latter, when 
boiled with water, are changed into insoluble double 
salts with the elimination of hydrogen chloride, 
whereas the former remain in solution. 

andolin (an'-do-lin). Trade name for a mixture of 
anesthetics for spinal analgesia. It is said to contain 
eucaine, stovaine, adrenalin hydrochloride and saline 
solution. 

Andral's decubitus [Gabriel Andral, French 
physician, 1 797-1 876]. The position usually assumed 
in the early stage of pleurisy by the patient, who 
seeks to alleviate the pain by lying on the sound side. 

andranatomy (an-dran-at'-o-me) [avrjp, a man; 
avaTouLa, anatomy]. Human anatomy; the anatomy 
or dissection of the male human subject. 

Andreasch's reaction for cystein. To the hydro- 
chloric acid solution add a few drops of dilute ferric 
chloride solution and then ammonia. The liquid 
will become a dark purplish red. 

androgalactozemia (an-dro-gal-ak-to-ze'-me-ah) 

[avrjp, man; -ydXo, milk; ^rjnia, loss]. The oozing of 
milk from the male mamma. 

androgenous (an-droj'-en-us) [av-qp, a man; yewav, 
to bear]. Giving birth to males. 

androgyna (an-droj'-in-ah) [aviip, a man; ywri, 
woman]. A hermaphrodite; a female in whom the 
genital organs are similar to those of the male. 

androgyneity (an-droj' -in-e-it-e) [see androgyna]. 
Hermaphroditism. 

androgynism (an-droj' -in-izm) [avrjp, man; yvvq, 
woman]. Hermaphroditism. 

androgynous (an-droj'-in-us) [avrip, man; ywf), 
woman]. Hermaphrodite. Having the character- 
istics of both sexes. 

androgynus {an-droj'-in-us) [see androgyna]. A 
hermaphrodite. A male with genital organs similar 
to those of the female. 

androlepsia (an-dro-lep'-si-ah) [av8po\j}\pia, a seizure 
of men]. The process of fecundation in the female. 

andrology (an-drol'-o-je) [av-qp, man; \6yos, sci- 
ence]. 1. The science of man, especially of the 
male sex. 2. The science of the diseases of the male 
genitourinary organs. 

andromania (an-dro-ma'-ne-ah) [avrjp, a man; pavla, 
madness]. Nymphomania. 

andrometoxin (an-drom-et-oks'-in) [Andromeda; 
to^ikov, poison]. A poisonous anodyne principle 
found in Andromeda japonica, occurring in Kalmia 
lalifolia and some other ericaceous plants and found 
in poisonous honey from Trebizond. 

andromorphous (an-dro-mor'-fus) [&vf}p, man; 
y.op4>fj, form]. Shaped like a man. 

androphobia (an-dro-fo'-be-ah) [dv-qp, a man; <£6/Sos, 
fear]. Fear or dislike of the male sex. 

androphonomania (an-dro-fo-no-ma' -ne-ah) [avSpo- 
4>6vos, man-killing; ixavia, madness]. Homicidal 
insanity. 

androsymphysia, androsymphysis (an-dro-sim-ftz' '- 
e-ah, an-dro-sim'-fiz-is) [avrjp, a man; aw, together; 
4>bei.v, to grow]. 1. A monstrosity formed by the 
fusion of two male fetuses. 2. The growing together 
of the male genitalia. 

-ane. A suffix indicating a saturated hydrocarbon. 
anebous (an-e'-bus) [av-qffos]. Not come to man's 
estate; not having reached puberty; immature. 

anecpyetous (an-ek-pi-e'-tus) [aveKwvrjTos]. 1. Not 
suppurating. 2. Preventing suppuration; insuppur- 
able. 

anectasia (an-ek-ta' -se-ah) . See anectasis. 
anectasin (an-ek' -ta-sin) [Lv, priv.; e/c, out of; 
relveiv, to stretch]. A product of bacterial action 
with an influence on the vasomotor nerves contrary 
to ectasin (q. v.). 



anectasis (an-ek' -las-is) [6.v, priv.; wraavs, ex- 
tension]. Deficient size of an organ or part. 

anedemin (an-e-de'-min) . Trade name of a dropsy 
remedy. It is said to contain squill, strophanthus, 
apocynum, and sambucus. 

anedeus (an-e'-de-us) [a, priv.; alSoia, the genitals]. 
Lacking genital organs. 

aneilema (an-i-le'-mah) [&va, up; dXeelp, to roll]. 
Flatulence; air or wind in the bowels; colic. 

aneilesis (an-i-le'-sis) [aveikeelv , to roll together]. 
1. See aneilema. 2. Twisting of the body in ath- 
letics. 3- Evolution. 

Anel's operation for aneurysm [Dominique Anel, 
French surgeon, 1628-1725]. Ligation on the cardiac 
side close to the aneurysm. A.'s probe, A.'s sound, 
a fine probe used for exploring or dilating the lac- 
rimal puncta and lacrimal canals. A.'s syringe, a 
yringes used in injecting fluids into the lacrimal 
passages. 

anelectric (an-el-ek'-trik) [&v, priv.; r)\eKTpov, 
amber]. 1. Readily giving up electricity. 2. A 
good conductor; a substance which readily parts 
with electricity. 

anelectrode (an-el-ek'-trod) [&va„ upward; electrode]. 
The positive pole of a galvanic battery; anode. 

anelectrotonic (an-el-ek-tro-ton'-ik) [av, priv.; 
fiKeKTpov, electricity; tovos, tension]. Relating to 
anelectrotonus. 

anelectrotonus (an-el-ek-trot'-o-nus) [see anelectro- 
tonic]. The decreased irritability that is present in a 
nerve in the neighborhood of the anode. 

anematosis, ana?matosis (an-e-ma-lo'-sis). 1. Gen- 
eral anemia. 2. Idiopathic anemia. 

anemia (an-e'-me-ah) [6.v, priv.; alp.a, blood]. 
Deficiency of blood as a whole, or deficiency of the 
number of the red corpuscles or of the hemoglobin. 
It may be general or local. Local anemia, or ischemia, 
is the result of mechanical interference with the circu- 
lation of the affected part. General anemia is either 
idiopathic or symptomatic, a., aplastic, anemia in 
which the formative processes in the bone marrow 
do not take place, a., cytogenic, synonym of a., 
idiopathic, a., essential, synonym of a., idiopathic. 
■ a., idiopathic, a form in which the lesion is in the 
blood or in the blood-making organs, a., infantum 
pseudoleukemia, a form of primary anemia de- 
scribed by von Jaksch as peculiar to the young child. 
Morse holds that chlorosis is a condition wholly 
foreign to infantile life and that von Jaksch's disease 
does not represent a distinct clinical entity, a., 
lymphatic, synonym of Hodgkin's disease; see lym- 
phadenoma. a., malignant, see pernicious anemia. 
a., miners, see uncinariasis, a., myelogenous, 
anemia attended with hyperplasia of myelogenous 
tissue, a., paludal, anemia associated with or caused 
by malaria, a., pernicious, see pernicious anemia. 
a., primary, see a., idiopathic, a., secondary, that 
due to a distinct cause, as hemorrhage, cancer, 
wasting discharges, poisons, etc. Syn., symptomatic 
anemia, a., septic, one which is septic to secondary 
conditions, usually about the mouth, a., splenic, 
chronic anemia with enlarged spleen, blood-changes, 
chloranemia, leukopenia, hemorrhages from the 
stomach, and pigmentation of the skin, a., sympto- 
matic, see a., secondary. a., tunnel, see uncinariasis. 

anemic (an-em'-ik) [see anemia]. Pertaining to 
anemia, a. infarct, a wedge-shaped area of coagu- 
lation-necrosis occurring in organs possessing terminal 
arteries. It is the result of the sudden stopping of 
such an artery by a thrombus or an embolus, a. 
murmur, a murmur heard in anemic conditions, soft 
and blowing in character, and disappearing with the 
anemia. It is generally heard over the base of the 
heart, a. necrosis, the coagulation-necrosis of 
tissues resulting from the sudden stoppage of the 
supplying artery. 

anemometer (an-e-mom'-et-er) [avepos, wind; 
fikrpov, a measure]. An instrument for measuring 
the velocity of the wind. 

Anemone (an-em' -o-ne) [avepZivrj, the wind-flower]. 
A genus of ranunculaceous herbs, most of which have 
active medicinal and poisonous qualities. See 
Pulsatilla. 

anemonin (an-em' -o-nin) [see anemone], C15H12O6. 
The active principle of the anemone. It is given 
in bronchitis, asthma, and spasmodic cough. Dose 
4-f gr- (0.016-0.048 Gm.) twice daily. 

anemonol (an-em' -on-ol) [aveixoivq , wind-flower ; 
oleum, oil]. The volatile oil extracted from anemone; 
it is a powerful vesicant. 



ANEMOPATHY 



56 



ANETHUM 



anemopathy (an-em-op'-ath-e) [avefios, wind; irados, 
disease]. Therapeutic treatment by inhalation. 

anemophobia (an-e-mo-fo'-be-ah) [avep-os, wind; 
4>bfios, fear]. Morbid dread of draughts or of winds. 

anemotrophy, or anaemotrophy (an-em-ot'-ro-fe) 
[av, priv.; alfia, blood; rpo<t>i), nourishment]. A de- 
ficiency of blood nourishment; an impoverished 
state of the blood. 

anemydria, ana?mydria (an-em-id'-re-ah) [a, priv.; 
alfia, blood; vSop, water]. Insufficiency of the 
watery element in blood. 

anencephalia (an-en-sef-a'-le-ah) [av, priv.; £yK.e<f>a- 
Xoj, brain]. Congenital absence of the brain. 

anencephalic (an-en-sef-al'-ik) [av, priv.; £yKk<f>a\os, 
brain]. Pertaining to or characterized by anen- 
cephalia. 

anencephalohemia {an-en-sef-al-o-he'-me-ah) [av, 
priv.; £yKe<f>a\os, brain; alp.a, blood]. Insufficiency 
of blood in the brain. 

anencephaloid (an-en-sef'-al-oid) [av, priv.; £yice<p- 
aXos, brain]. Pertaining to anencephalia. 

anencephaloneuria (an-en-sef-al-on-u'-re-ah) [av, 
priv.; iyKe<t>a\os, brain; vevpov, a nerve]. Imperfect 
nerve-action of the brain. 

anencepbalotrophia, or anencephalotrophy (an-en- 
sef-al-o-tro' -je-ah or -lot'-ro-fe) [av, priv.; eyicecfraXos, 
brain; rpo4>i\, nutrition]. Atrophy, or lack of nutri- 
tion of the brain. / 

anencephalus (an-en-sef'-al-us) [see anencephalia]. 
A species of single autositic monsters in which there 
is no trace of the brain. 

anenergia (an-en-er'-je-ah) [av, priv.; evkpyeia, 
energy]. Lack of vigor or power. 

anenteremia (an-en-ter-e'-me-ah) [av, priv.; evrepov, 
an intestine; dt/ia, blood]. Bloodless condition of the 
bowels. 

anenteroneuria (an-en-ter-o-nu'-re-ah) [av, priv.; 
IvTtpov an intestine; vevpov, a nerve]. Intestinal 
atony. 

anenterotrophia (an-en-ter-o-tro'-fe-ah) [&v, priv.; 
ivrepov, an intestine; Tpo<pri, nourishment]. Defec- 
tive intestinal nutrition. 

anenterous (an-en'-ter-us) [av, priv.; evrepov, 
intestine]. In biology, having no intestine, as a 
tapeworm or a fluke. 

anepia (an-ep'-e-ah) [aveirqs, speechless]. In- 
ability to speak. 

anepiploic (an-ep-ip-lo'-ik) [av, priv.; iirlirXoov, 
the caul]. Having no epiploon or omentum. 

anepithymia (an-ep-e-thim'-e-ah) [av, priv.; kwldv- 
p.ia, desire). Loss of any natural appetite. 

anerethisia (an-er-eth-iz'-e-ah) [av, priv.; epedtfeiv, 
to excite]. Imperfect irritability, as of a muscle or 
nerve. 

anergasis (an-er'-ga-sis) [see anergia], 'Absence of 
functional activity. 

anergia (an-er' -je-ah) [av, priv.; epyov, work]. 
Sluggishness; inactivity. 

anergic (an-er'-jik) [see anergia]. Characterized 
by sluggishness; as, anergic dementia. 

aneroid (an'-er-oid) [&, priv.; vrjpos, wet; e!5os, 
form]. Working without a fluid, a. barometer, see 
barometer. 

anerythroblepsia (an-er-ith-ro-blep'-se-ah). Same 
as anerythropsia. 

anerythropsia (an-er-ith-rop'-se-ah) [av, priv.; 
ipvdpos, red; oi/as, sight]. Impaired color-perception 
of red. 

anesin, aneson (an'-es-in, an'-es-on). A proprietary 
aqueous solution of acetone-chloroform; used as a 
hypnotic and local anesthetic. 

anesis (an'-es-is) [aveats, remission]. An abate- 
ment or relaxation in the severity of symptoms. 

anesthecinesis, anaesthecinesis (an-es-the-sin-e'-sis) 
[a, priv.; aiadrja-is, feeling; kIvt)o-is, movement], A 
condition marked by loss of sensibility and motor 
capacity. 

anesthesia, anaesthesia (an-es-the'-ze-ah) [avaio-drjo-la, 
want of feeling]. A condition of total or partial 
insensibility, particularly to touch, a. angiospas'- 
tica, loss of sensibility due to spasm of blood-vessels. 
a., bul'bar, that due to a lesion in the medulla 
oblongata, a., central, due to disease in the nerve- 
centers, a., cerebral, that due to disease of the 
cerebrum, a., crossed, anesthesia on one side of the 
body, due to a central lesion of the other side, a., 
disso'ciated, loss of pain and temperature sensations, 
the tactile sense being still present, a. dolorosa, 
severe pain experienced after the occurrence of 
complete motor and sensory paralysis, a symptom 



observed in certain diseases of the spinal cord. 
a., dolorous (of Liebreich), the transient but painful 
anesthesia produced by the injection of water in 
sufficient quantity to edematize the papillary layer 
of the derma and subjacent layers. The pain is due 
to the inhibitory swelling of the cells, a., efferent, 
that due to disorder of the nerve-terminations, 
disturbing their conductivity, a., electric, anes- 
thesia caused by the passage of an electric current 
through a part, a., facial, anesthesia of those parts 
to which the sensory branches of the fifth cranial 
nerve are distributed, a., general, anesthesia of the 
entire body, including the abolition of all perceptive 
power with consequent loss of consciousness, a., 
girdle, a zone of anesthesia encircling the body, due 
to circumscribed disease of the spinal cord, a., 
infiltration-, local anesthesia effected by subcutaneous 
injections, a., intraneural, local anesthesia effected 
by injection into a nerve trunk, a., Javanese, that 
produced by pressure upon the carotids, a., local, 
that limited to a part of the body, a., mixed, that 
partially produced and prolonged by the administra- 
tion of morphine or other cerebral anodyne before the 
anesthetic is given, a., muscular, loss of the muscu- 
lar sense, a., olfactory, anosmia, a., optic, amauro- 
sis, a., partial, anesthesia in which some degree of 
sensibility is still present, a., peripheral, that 
depending upon changes in the peripheral nerves. 
a., primary, a temporary insensibility to slight pain 
occurring in the beginning of anesthesia and during 
which minor operations can be performed, a., 
rectal, that produced by the injection of an anes- 
thetic agent into the rectum, a., regional, that 
limited to a part of body supplied by an afferent 
nerve which has been cocainized, a., sexual, ana- 
phrodisia. a., spinal, (i) that due to a lesion of 
the spinal cord; (2) that produced by the injection 
of an anesthetic into the spinal subarachnoid space. 
a., surgical, that induced by the surgeon by means 
of anesthetics for the purpose of preventing pain, 
producing relaxation of muscles, or for diagnostic 
purposes, a., tactile, loss of sense of touch, a., 
thermic, loss of temperature sense, a., unilateral, 
hemianesthesia. 

anesthesimeter (an-es-lhes-im'-et-er) [anesthesia; 
nerpov, a measure]. An instrument to measure the 
amount of an anesthetic administered in a given time. 

anesthesin {an-es'-thes-in). Paramidobenzoic acid 
ester; it is used as a local anesthetic, also, internally, 
for gastralgia. 

anesthesiology (an-es-the-ze-ol'-O'je) [anesthesia; 
X670S, science]. The science of anesthesia and 
anesthetics. 

anesthetic (an-es-thet'-ik) [see anesthesia]. 1. With- 
out feeling; insensible to touch or pain. 2. A 
substance that produces insensibility to touch or to 
pain, diminished muscular action, and other phe- 
nomena. Anesthetics may be general, local, partial, 
and complete, a., general, one used for securing 
general anesthesia, a. (general) mixtures, contain 
combinations of substances for producing anesthesia. 
a., local, an anesthetic that, locally applied, produces 
absence of sensation in the organ or tissue so treated. 

anestheticism {an-es-iheV -is-izm) [anesthetic]. The 
quality of being anesthetic. 

anesthetization (an-es-thet-iz-a'-shuri) [avaia-B^Tos, 
insensible]. The act of placing under the influence 
of an anesthetic. 

anesthetize (an-es'-thel-iz) [see anesthetization]. 
To put under the influence of an anesthetic. 

anesthetist, anesthetizer (an-es'-thet-ist, an-es'- 
thet-i-zer) [see anesthetization]. One who administers 
an anesthetic. 

anesthol (an-es'-thol). A trade name for a mixture 
of ether, chloroform and ethyl chloride. The pro- 
portions of ether and chloroform vary; the ethyl 
chloride is 17 per cent. It is used as a general anes- 
thetic. 

anesthyl (an-es'-thil). A local anesthetic said to 
consist of ethyl chloride, 5 parts; methyl chloride, 
1 part. 

anethol (an'-elh-ol) [anethum; oleum, oil], C10H12O. 
The chief constituent of the essential oils of anise 
and fennel. It is employed in preparing the elixir 
anethi (N. F.), being more fragrant and agreeable 
than the anise oil. a., liquid, an isomeric modifica- 
tion of anethol; it is an antiseptic, oil-like liquid. 
Syn., isanethol. 

anethum (an-e'-thum) [av&, up; aWeiv, to burn, 
from the pungency of the seeds]. Dill; the dried 



ANETIC 



57 



ANGINA 



fruit of Peucedanum graveolens, indigenous to southern 
Europe. It is aromatic, carminative, and stimulant. 
Dose of the oil (oleum anelhi, B. P.) 1-4 min. (0.06- 
0.24 Cc); of the water (aqua anethi, B. P.) 1-2 oz. 
(30-60 Cc). 

anetic (an-et'-ik) [Avert/cos, relaxing]. Soothing; 
calmative; anodyne. 

anetiological (an-e-te-o-loj'-ik-al) [av, priv.; alrla, 
cause; \6yos, word]. Having no known cause; 
dysteleological. 

anetodermia (an-et-o-der'-me-ah) [averos, relaxed; 
Sep/xa, skin]. Relaxation of the skin. 

anetus (an'-et-us) [averos, loosened]. Any inter- 
mittent fever. 

aneuria (ah-nu'-re-ah) [&, priv.; vevpov, a nerve]. 
Lack of nervous power. 

aneuric (ah-nu'-rik) [see aneuria]. Characterized 
by aneuria. 

aneurism (an'-u-rizm). See aneurysm. 

aneuros (ah-nu'-ros) [avevpos, without sinews]. 
Feeble, inelastic, relaxed. 

aneurosis (ah-nil-ro' -sis) [a, priv.; vevpov, a nerve]. 
A lack of nerves. 

aneurysm (an'-u-rizm) [avevpvo-p.a, a widening]. 
A circumscribed dilatation of the walls of an artery. 
Syn., Abscessus spirituosus. a., abdominal, an 
aneurysm of the abdominal aorta, a., active, 
cardiac dilation with hypertrophy, a., acute, an 
ulceration of the heart-wall which, by communicating 
with one of the chambers of the heart, forms an 
aneurysmal pouch, a., ampullary, a small saccular 
aneurysm; it is most common in the arteries of the 
brain, a. by anastomosis, a dilatation of a large 
number of vessels, — small arteries, veins, and capil- 
laries, — the whole forming a pulsating tumor under 
the skin. This form of aneurysm is especially seen 
upon the scalp, a., arteriovenous, the simultaneous 
rupture of an artery and a vein, the blood from both 
being poured out into the cellular tissue and forming 
a false aneurysm. A varicose aneurysm is produced 
by the rupture of an aneurysm into a vein. An 
aneurysmal varix results from the establishment of 
a communication between an artery and a vein, the 
latter becoming dilated and pulsating, a., cardiac, 
an aneurysm of the heart, a., circumscribed, an 
aneurysm, either true or false, in which the contents 
are still within the artery though there may be 
rupture of one or two of its coats, a., cirsoid, a 
tortuous lengthening and dilatation of a part of an 
artery, a., compound, one in which one or several of 
the coats of the artery are ruptured and the others 
merely dilated, a., consecutive, a., diffused, follows 
rupture of all the arterial coats, with infiltration of 
surrounding tissues with blood, a., dissecting, one 
in which the blood forces its way between the coats 
of an artery, a., ectatic, an expansion of a portion 
of an artery due to yielding of all the coats, a., 
endogenous, one formed by disease of the vessel- 
walls, a., exogenous, one due to traumatism. 
a., external. 1. One remote from the great body- 
cavities. 2. One in which the cavity of the tumor is 
entirely or chiefly outside of the inner coat of the 
artery, a., false, a., spurious, one due to a rupture 
of all the coats of an artery, the effused blood being 
retained by the surrounding tissues, a., fusiform, a 
spindle-shaped dilatation of an artery, a., hernial, 
one in which the internal coat of the artery, with or 
without the middle coat, forms the aneurysmal sac 
which has forced its way through an opening in the 
outer coat. a.» lateral, an aneurysm projecting on 
one side of a vessel, the rest of the circumference 
being intact, a., miliary, a sac-like dilatation of an 
arteriole, often the size of a pin's head, a., mycotic, 
one due to the growth of bacteria in the vessel-wall. 
a., osteoid, a pulsating tumor of a bone, a., partial. 
1. See a., lateral. 2. An aneurysmal dilatation of a 
portion of the heart, a., passive, a., passive cardiac, 
cardiac dilatation with thinning of the heart-wall. 
a., peripheral, a., peripheric, one involving the whole 
circumference of an artery, a., racemose, see c, 
cirsoid, a., sacculated, a sac-like dilatation of an 
artery communicating with the main arterial trunk 
by an opening that is relatively small, a., spurious, 
see a., false, a., subclavicular, an aneurysm of the 
axillary artery at a point too high to admit of liga- 
tion below the clavicle, a., surgical, see a., external. 
a., true, one in which the sac is formed of one, two, 
or all of the arterial coats, a., varicose, see under 
a., arteriovenous. 

aneurysmal (an-u-riz'-mal) [see aneurysm]. Of the 



nature of or pertaining to an aneurysm, a. diathesis, 
a body-condition favoring the development of 
aneurysms, a. varix, see under aneurysm, arterio- 
venous. 

aneurysmatic (an-u-riz-mat'-ik) [avevpvap.a, a 
widening]. Affected with or of the nature of aneu- 
rysm. 

aneurysmectomy (an-u-riz-mek' -to-me) [avebpvopa, 
aneurysm; enron-h, excision]. Excision of the sac of 
an aneurysm. 

aneurysmoplasty (an-u-riz'-mo-plas-te). Restora- 
tion of the artery in aneurysm; reconstructive endo- 
aneurysmorrhaphy. 

aneurysmorrhaphy (an-u-riz-mor'-af-e). The sutur- 
ing of an aneurysm. 

aneurysmotomy (an-u-riz-mof -o-me) . Incision 
into the sac of an aneurysm. 

aneurysmus (an-u-riz' -mus) . 1. Dilatation; for 
formation of an aneurysm. 2. Aneurysm. 

aneuthanasia (an-u-than-a' -se-ah) [a, priv.; eWa- 
vaaia, an easy death]. A painful or difficult death. 

an. ex. (an'-eks). An abbreviation of anode excita- 
tion. 

anfract (an'-frakt) [anfractus, a winding]. An an- 
fractuosity or sinuosity; an anfractuous organ or 
structure. 

anfractuosity (an-frak-lu-os'-it-e) [anfractus, a 
bending round]. 1. Any one of the furrows or sulci 
between the cerebral convolutions. 2. Any spiral 
turn or winding; an interruption; a detour, a., 
ethmoidal, an ethmoidal cell. 

anfractuous (an-frak'-tu-us) [anfractus, a bending 
round]. Characterized by windings and turnings; 
sinuous. 

angeial (an-je'-al) [ayyeiov, a vessel]. Vascular. 

angeio- (an-je-o-). See angio-. 

Angelica (an-jel'-ik-ah) [L.]. The seeds and root 
of Angelica archangelica. It is an aromatic stimu- 
lant and emmenagogue. Dose of the seeds or roots 
30 gr.-i dr. (2-4 Gm.). 

angel's wing (an'-jelz wing). A deformity of the 
scapula in which it turns forward and then backward, 
giving the shoulder a peculiar dorsal bulge. 

angi (an'-je). Inguinal buboes. 

angiectasis (an-je-ek'-tas-is) [ayyeiov, a vessel; 
l/crao-ts, dilation]. Abnormal dilatation of a vessel; 
enlargement of capillaries. 

angiectopia (an-je-ek-to'-pe-ah) [ayyeiov, a vessel; 
£kt6ttos, displaced]. Displacement or abnormal 
position of a vessel. 

angielcosis (an-je-el-ko'-sis). See angielcus. 

angielcus, or angeielcus (an-je-el'-kus) [ayyeiov, a 
vessel; eXros, an ulcer]. An ulcer in the walls of a 
vessel. 

angiemphraxis (an-je-em-fraks'-is) [d-y^eld', a 
vessel; ep.<t>pa£is, obstruction]. Obstruction of a 
vessel or of vessels. 

angiitis, angeitis (an-je-i'-tis) [ayyeiov, a vessel; 
ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of a lymph- 
vessel or of a blood-vessel. 

angileucitis (an-je-lu-si'-tis). Same as angio- 
leucitis. 

angina (an'-jin-ah or (incorrectly) an-ji'-nah) 
[angere, to strangle]. Any disease attended by a 
sense of choking or suffocation, particularly an 
affection of the fauces or pharynx presenting such 
symptoms, a. abdominis, a condition due to 
aneurysm or arteriosclerosis of the celiac plexus, and 
accompanied by severe paroxysms of abdominal 
pain. a. acuta, simple sore throat. Syn., angina 
simplex, a. aphthosa, a., aphaethous, a form attended 
with the formation of aphthae in some part of the 
throat, a. canina, croup, a., cardiac, angina 
pectoris, a. cruris, intermittent lameness, a. exsu- 
dativa, croup, a. externa, synonym of mumps. 
a., fibrinous, a noninfectious disease of the throat 
simulating diphtheria, marked by the formation of a 
layer of fibrinous exudation which is chiefly confined 
to the tonsils. > The constitutional symptoms are 
slight, a., follicular, clergyman's sore throat; see 
pharyngitis, granular, a., herpetic, angina observed 
in connection with smallpox and herpes, marked by 
formation of vesicles in the throat which may be 
attended with patches of exudation, a. laryngea, 
synonym of laryngitis, a. lingualis, same as glossitis. 
a. Ludovici, a., Ludwig's, see Ludwig's angina. 
a. maligna, diphtheria, a. maxillaris, mumps, a. 
membranacea, synonym of diphtheria, a. parotidea, 
the mumps, or parotitis a. pectoris, a paroxysmal 
neurosis with intense pian and oppression about the 



ANGINAL 



58 



ANGIONEUROSIS 



heart. It usually occurs in the male after 40 years 
of age, and is generally associated with diseased 
conditions of the heart and aorta. There is a sense 
of impending death, and frequently there is a fatal 
termination, a. pectoris vasomotoria, a term given 
by Nothnagel and Landois to an angina associated 
with vasomotor disturbances, coldness of the surface, 
etc. a., phlegmonous. 1. An inflammation of the 
mucous and submucous tissues of the throat, with a 
tendency to extend more deeply, attended by edema- 
tous swelling. 2. Acute inflammation of the deep- 
seated structures of the throat, with a tendency to 
pus-formation, a., pseudo-, a neurosis occurring 
in anemic females, simulating angina pectoris, but 
characterized by a less grave set of symptoms and 
never resulting fatally, a., pultaceous, an affection 
of the throat marked by the presence of whitish or 
grayish patches which are easily detached, as they 
are not true exudations, a., rheumatic, a form of 
catarrhal angina in rheumatic persons, marked by 
sudden onset of intense pain on swallowing, a. 
serosa, a., serous. 1. Catarrhal angina. 2. Edema 
of the glottis, a. simplex, see a., acuta, a. suffoca- 
tiva, diphtheria, a., thymic. 1. Laryngismus strid- 
ulus. 2. Bronchial asthma, a. tonsillans, quinsy. 
a. trachealis, croup, a., ulceromembranous, see 
tonsillitis, herpetic, a. varicosa, dyspnea due to 
enlarged tonsillar vessels, a. vera, a. vera et legitima, 
quinsy. 

anginal (an'-jin-al). Relating to angina. 

anginoid (an'-jin-oid) [see angina]. Resembling 
angina. 

anginophobia (an-ji-no-fo'-be-ah) [angina; <j>b(ios, 
fear]. Morbid fear of angina pectoris. 

anginose (an'-jin-os) [see angina]. Pertaining to 
angina; characterized by symptoms of suffocation. 

angio- (an-je-o-). A prefix signifying relating to a 



angioasthenia (an-je-o-as-the'-ne-ah) [angio-; a<rde- 
yeta, weakness]. Atony of Ihe blood-vessels. 

angioataxia (an-je-o-at-aks'-e-ah) [angio-; &ra£ia, 
want of order]. An irregularity in the tension of the 
blood-vessels. 

angioblast (an'-je-o-blast) [angio-; jSXcuttos, a germ]. 
An embryonic cell developing into vascular tissue. 

angiocardiokinetic (an-je-o-kar-de-o-kin-et'-ik) [an- 
gio-; KapSia, heart; Kivtlv, to move]. 1. Stimulating 
or affecting the action of movements of the heart 
and blood-vessels. 2. A drug which stimulates or 
affects the movements of the heart and blood- 
vessels. 

angiocarditis (an-je-o-kar-di'-tis) [angio-; KapSia, 
the heart; ins, inflammation]. An inflammation of 
the heart and blood-vessels (hypothetical). 

angiocavernous (an-je-o-kav'-er-nus). Relating to 
cavernous angioma. 

angioceratodeitis. See angiokeratoditis. 

angiochalasis, or angeiochalasis (an-je-o-kal'-as-is) 
[angio-; x<*Xao-is, relaxation]. Dilatation or relaxa- 
tion of the blood-vessels. 

angiocheiloscope (an-je-o-ki'-lo-skop) [angio-; x«t- 
Xos, a lip; aKo-rrelv, to look]. An instrument by 
means of which the blood-circulation in the capil- 
laries of the mucosa of the lips is magnified for 
observation. 

angiocholitis (an-je-o-ko-li'-tis) [angio-; x°Xi?, bile; 
wis, inflammation]. Inflammation of the biliary 
ducts. 

angioderma pigmentosum (an-je-o-der'-mah pig- 
men-to' -sum) . See atrophoderma. 

angiodermatitis (an-je-o-der-mat-i'-tis). Inflamma- 
tion of the vessels of the skin. 

angiodiastasis (an-je-o-di-as'-tas-is) [angio-; Siaa- 
rao-is, a separation]. 1. Displacement or dilatation 
of a vessel. 2. Retraction of the severed ends of a 
blood-vessel. 

angiodystrophia, angiodystrophy (an-je-o-dis-tro'- 
fe-ah, -dis'-tro-fe) [angio-; Svs, bad; rpo(j>r}, nourish- 
ment]. Defective nutrition of the vessels. 

angioelephantiasis {an-je-o-el-e-fan-ti'-as-is). See 
elephantiasis telangiectodes. 

angiofibroma (an-je-o-fi-bro'-mah). A fibrous de- 
generating angioma. 

angiogenesis, angiogeny (an-je-o-jen'-es-is, an-je- 
og'-en-e) [angio-; ytwav, to produce]. The develop- 
ment of the vessels. 

angioglioma (an-je-o-gli-o'-mah) [angio-; glioma], 
A glioma rich in blood-vessels. 

angiograph (an'-je-o-graf) [angio-; ypa<j>etv, to 
write]. A variety of sphygmograph. 



angiography (an-je-og'-ra-fe) [see angiograph]. 
A description of the vessels; angiology. 

angiokeratoditis (an-je-o-ker-at-o-di'-tis) [angio-; 
Kepas, cornea; ms, inflammation]. Vascular kera- 
titis. 

angiokeratoma (an-je-o-ker-at-o'-mah) [angio-; 
Kepas, horn; op.a, tumor]. Lymphangiectasis ; telan- 
giectatic wart; a very rare disease of the extremities, 
characterized by warty-looking growths that develop 
on dilated vessels in persons with chilblains, etc. 
Dark vascular spots the size of pin-points or pin- 
heads develop as an attack of chilblains is sub- 
siding. The disease is peculiar to childhood. 

angiokinesis (an-je-o-kin-e'-sis) [angio-; nweiv, to 
move]. Excitation or action of the blood-vessels. 

angioleucitis (an-je-o-lu-si'-tis) [angio-; Xewcos, 
white; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the 
lymphatic vessels. 

angioleukasia (an-je-o-lii-ka'-zhe-ah) [angio-; Xewcos, 
white; e/crcuris, dilation]. Dilation of the lym- 
phatics. 

angiolith (an'-je-o-lith) [angio-; Xi'0os, stone]. A 
venous calculus, phlebolith. 

angiolithic (an-je-o-lith'-ik) [angio-; Xi0os, a stone]. 
A "term applied to neoplasms in which crystalline or 
mineral deposits take place, with hyaline degeneration 
of the coats of the vessels. 

angiology {an-je-ol'-o-je) [angio-; \6yos, science]. 
The science of the blood-vessels and lymphatics. 

angiolymphitis (an-je-o-limf-i'-tis). Same as angio- 
leucitis. 

angiolymphoma (an-je-o-limf-o'-mah) [angio-; lym- 
pha, lymph; 6p.a, tumor]. A tumor formed of lym- 
phatic vessels. 

angioma (an-je-o' -mah) [angio-; 6p.a, a tumor]. 
A tumor formed of blood-vessels, a., cavernous, an 
angioma with communicating blood-spaces, like the 
cavernous tissue of the penis, originating chiefly 
from the distended veins. Syn., angioma cavernosum; 
angioma circumscriptum, a., fissural, Virchow's 
name for a nevus which he judged, from its location, 
corresponding to that of a fetal fissure, might be due 
to a disposition to form anomalies on the part of the 
region adjacent to the fissures, a., plexlform, one 
consisting of enlarged, tortuous capillaries forming a 
patch varying in color from claret to steel-blue; if 
there is great increase of blood-vessels, the growth 
has the character of a tumor, and large examples 
of this variety are lobular in structure, a. serpi- 
ginosum, infective angioma; nevus, lupus, a., 
telangiectatic, an angioma composed of dilated 
blood-vessels, a., tuberose, a., tuberous, one 
occurring in subcutaneous tissue and presenting the 
appearance of a lipoma as it gradually replaces the 
adipose tissue, or it may be accompanied by a true 
fatty growth. 

angiomalacia (an-je-o-mal-a' -she-ah) [angio-; p.a\a- 
ula, a softening]. Softening of the blood-vessels. 

angiomatosis (an-je-o-mat-o'-sis). A condition 
favoring the production of angiomata. 

angiometer (an-je-om'-et-er). See sphygmograph. 

angiomyces (an-je-o-mi'-sez) [angio-; fivK-qs, a 
fungus; an excrescence]. A fungoid or spongy dila- 
tion of the capillaries. 

angiomyocardiac (an-je-o-mi-o-kar'-de-ak) [angio-; 
nvs, muscle; KapSia, the heart]. Pertaining to the 
blood-vessels and the muscle of the heart. 

angiomyoma (an-je-o-mi-o'-mah) [angio-; /xOs, a 
muscle; ojua, a tumor: pi., angiomyomata]. A vascu- 
lar and erectile muscular tumor. 

angiomyopathy (an-je-o-mi-op'-a-the) [angio-; juDs, 
muscle; iraBos, disease]. Any affection of the vessels 
involving the musculature. 

angiomyosarcoma (an-je-o-mi-o-sar-ko'-mah). A 
tumor containing elements of angioma, myoma, and 
sarcoma. 

angioneoplasma (an-je-o-ne-o-plaz'-mah) [angio-; 
veos, new; ir\aa-p.a, moulded substance; pi., angioneo- 
plasmata]. A neoplasm made up of blood-vessels or 
lymph-vessels. 

angioneurectomy (an-je-o-nu-rek' '-to-me) [angio-; 
veupov, nerve; tKTop.i), excision]. Resection of all 
the cord-elements of the prostate except the vas, 
with its artery and vein. 

angioneuredema (an-je-o-nu-red-e'-mah). Same as 
angioneuradema. 

angioneuroedema (an-je-o-nu-ro-e-de'-mah). See 
angioneurotic edema. 

angioneurosis (an-je-o-nu-ro'-sis) [angio-; neurosis]. 
A neurosis of the blood-vessels; a disturbance of the 



ANGIONEUROTIC 



59 



ANGLE 



vasomotor system, either of the nature of a spasm of 
the blood-vessels (angiospasm) or of paralysis (angio- 
paralysis) . 

angioneurotic (an-je-o-nu-rot'-ik) [see angioneuro- 
sis]. Pertaining to angioneurosis. a. edema, an 
acute circumscribed swelling of the subcutaneous or 
submucous tissues, probably due to vasomotor 
lesion. The disease often runs in families. It is at 
times periodic, and is associated with colic and 
gastric disturbances. 

angioneurotomy (an-je-o-nu-rof -o-rtie) [angio-; vev- 
pov, nerve; ropy, a cutting]. Division of the 
nerves and vessels of a part. 

angionoma (an-je-on-o'-mah) [angio-; vopi], ulcer]. 
Ulceration of a vessel. 

angionosis (an-je-o-no'-sis) [angio-; vooos, a 
disease]. See angiopathy. 

angiopancreatitis (an-je-o-pan-kre-at-i'-tis). In- 
flammation of the vascular tissue of the pancreas. 

angioparalysis (an-je-o-par-al'-is-is) [angio-; irapa- 
XiKTis, paralysis]. Vasomotor paralysis. 

angioparalytic (an-je-o-par-al-it'-ik) [see angio- 
paralysis]. Relating to or characterized by angio- 
paralysis. 

angioparesis (an-je-o-par'-es-is) [angio-; irapeois, 
paresis]. Partial paralysis of the vasomotor appar- 
atus. 

angiopathy (an-je-op'-a-the) [angio-; irados, disease]. 
Any disease of the vascular system. 

angiophorous (an-je-of'-or-us) [angio-; <f>epelv, to 
bear]. Applied to tissue which accompanies and 
supports vessels. 

angioplania (an-je-o-pla'-ne-ah) [angio-; irXavri, a 
wandering]. Irregularity or abnormality in the 
course of a vessel. 

angioplasty (an'-je-o-plas-te) [angio-; ir\6.ootiv, to 
form]. Plastic surgery upon blood-vessels. 

angioplerosis (an-je-o-pler-o'-sis) [angio-; wXripwois, 
a filling-up]. v Engorgement of the vessels. 

angiopressure (an-je-o-presh'-ur) . The production 
of hemostasis by means of angiotribe and forceps 
without ligation. 

angiorhigosis (an-je-o-ri-go'-sis) [angio-; piyos, 
cold]. Rigidity of the vessels. 

angiorrhagia, or angeiorrhagia (an-je-or-a'-je-ah) 
[angio-; prjyvwai, to break]. Bleeding from a 
vessel. 

angiorrhaphy (an-je-or'-af-e) [angio-; pa<pv, suture]. 
Suture of a vessel or vessels, a., arteriovenous, the 
suturing of an artery to a vein, so as to turn the 
arterial blood into the vein. 

angiorrhea (an-je-or-e'-ah) [angio-; peiv, to flow]. 
An oozing of blood. 

angiorrhexis (an-je-or-eks'-is) [angio-; p^is. a 
bursting]. Rupture of a blood-vessel. 

angiosarcoma (an-je-o-sar-ko'-mah) [angio-; <rap£, 
flesh; 6pa, a tumor]. A vascular sarcoma. 

angiosclerosis (an-je-o-skle-ro'-sis) [angio-; oi<\rjp6s, 
hard]. The induration and thickening of the walls 
of the blood-vessels. 

angioscope (an'-je-o-skop) [angio-; anoirelv, to 
inspect]. An instrument for examining the capillary 
vessels. 

angiosialitis (an-je-o-si-al-i'-tis) [angio-; oLaKov, 
saliva; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the 
duct of a salivary gland. 

angiosis (an-je-o'-sis) [6.yyeTov, a vessel]. Any 
disease of blood-vessels or of lymphatics. 

angiospasm (an'-je-o-spazm) [angio-; o-n-a.o-p.6s, a 
spasm]. A vasomotor spasm. 

angiospastic (an-je-o-spas'-tik) [see angiospasm]. 
Characterized by or of the nature of angiospasm. 

angiosperm (an'-je-o-sperm) [angio-; oireppa, seed]. 
In biology, a plant the seeds of which are produced 
within a closed vessel. 

angiostegnosis (an-je-o-steg-no'-sis) [angio-; arky- 
vuo-is, stoppage]. Stoppage or constriction of a 
vessel. 

angiostenosis (an-je-o-sten-o'-sis) [angio-; arkvaois, 
a narrowing]. Narrowing of a vessel. 

angiosteogenic, angiosteogenous (an-je-o-ste-oj'- 
en-ik, -us) [angio-; barkov, a bone; yevvav, to pro- 
duce]. Relating to, producing, or produced by 
calcification of the vessels. 

angiostrophe, angiostrophy (an-je-os'-tro-fe) [angio-; 
o-Tpo<j>o, a twist]. Torsion of a vessel for the arrest 
of hemorrhage. 

angiosymphysis (an-je-o-sim'-fiz-is) [angio-; ovp- 
<pvois, a growing together]. The growing together of 
vessels. 



angiosynizesis (an-je-o-sin-e-ze'-sis) [angio-; avpi- 
Xavtiv, to collapse]. The collapse of the walls of a 
vessel and subsequent growing together. 

angiotasis (an-je-ot'-as-is) [angio-; rao-is, tension]. 
The tension of the vessels. 

angiotatic (an-je-ot-al'-ik) [angio-; roots, tension]. 
Relating to angiotasis. 

angiotelectasia, angiotelectasis (an-je-o-tel-ek-ta'- 
ze-ah, an-je-o-tel-ek'-ta-sis). See telangiectasis. 

angiotenic (an-je-o-ten'-ik) [angio-; rdvtiv, to 
stretch]. Due to or marked by distention of the 
blood-vessels. 

angioteria (an-je-o-te'-re-ah) [angio-; rkpas, a 
wonder]. An abnormal development of the vascular 
system. 

angio thlipsis (an-je-o-thlip'-sis) [angio-; flXi/Sew, to 
rub; to gall]. The abrasion of a vessel. 

angiotitis (an-je-o-ti'-tis) [angio-; otitis]. Inflam- 
mation of the blood-vessels of the ear. 

angiotome (an'-je-o-tom) [angio-; rop-q, a cutting] 
The vascular tissue of an embryonic metamere. 

angiotomy (an-je-ot'-o-me) [see angiotome]. i. In- 
cision into a vessel. 2. That branch of anatomy 
relating to the vascular system. 

angiotribe (an'-je-o-trib) [angio-; rplfieiv, to grind 
or bruise]. A clamp furnished with powerful jaws 
used by Turner to occlude arteries in vaginal hyster- 
ectomy. 

angiotripsy (an-je-o-trip'-se) [see angiotribe]. Vas- 
cular torsion and compression by means of the 
angiotribe. 

angitis (an-ji'-tis). See angiitis. 

angle, angulus (ang'-gl, ang'-gu-lus) [angulus, an 
angle]. 1. A corner. 2. The degree of divergence 
of two lines or planes that meet each other; the space 
between two such lines, a. of aberration, see a. of 
deviation, a., acromial, that formed between the 
head of the humerus and the clavicle, a., alpha, in 
optics, that formed by the intersection of the visual 
line and optic axis, a., alveolar, that formed between 
a line passing through a spot beneath the nasal spine 
and the most prominent point of the lower edge of 
the alveolar process of the superior maxilla and the 
cephalic horizontal line. a. of aperture, in optics, 
that included between two lines joining the opposite 
points of the periphery of a lens and the focus, a., 
biorbital, in optics, that formed by the intersection 
of the axes of the orbits, a., cardio-hepatic, the 
angle formed by the junction of the upper limit of 
hepatic dullness with the right lateral line of cardiac 
dullness, a., carrying, angle between the longi- 
tudinal axis of the forearm and that of the arm, when 
the forearm is extended, a., costal, the angle formed 
by the meeting of ribs at the ensiform cartilage. 
a., critical, that made by a beam of light passing 
from a rarer to a denser medium, with the perpen- 
dicular, without being entirely reflected, a. of 
deviation. 1. In magnetism, the angle traversed by 
the needle when disturbed by some magnetic force. 
2. In optics, that formed by a refracted ray and the 
prolongation of the incident ray. a.s, distal, the 
angles formed by the union of the other surfaces of 
the tooth crown with the distal surface, a. of ele- 
vation, in optics, that made by the visual plane 
with its primary position when moved upward or 
downward, a., epigastric, same as a., costal, a., 
great, of the eye, the inner angle of the eye. a. of 
incidence, in optics, the angle at which a ray of light 
strikes a denser medium and undergoes reflection or 
refraction, a.s, incisal, in dentistry, the angles of 
the various lateral surfaces of the tooth crowns at 
their junction with the incisal surface, a. of inclina- 
tion (of pelvic canal), in obstetrics, that formed by 
the anterior wall of the pelvis with the conjugate 
diameter, a. of inclination (of pelvis), in obstetrics, 
that formed by the pelvis with the general line of 
the trunk, or that formed by the plane of the inferior 
strait with the horizon, a. of jaw, the junction of 
the lower border of the ramus of the mandible with 
its posterior border, a.s, labial. 1. See a.s of the 
lips. 2. In dentistry, the angles of the labial surface 
of the tooth crown which join the other surfaces. 
a., limiting, see a., critical, a. of the lips, that formed 
by the union of the lips at each extremity of the 
mouth, a., Louis', that between the manubrium 
and gladiolus of the sternum, a., Ludwig's, see a., 
Louis', a., mesial, the angles formed at the junction 
of the mesial surfaces of a tooth crown with the 
other surfaces, a., meter-, in optics, the degree of 
convergence of the eyes when centered on an object 



ANGLESEY LEG 



60 



ANALINOPHILE 



one meter distant from each, a., nasal (of the eye), 
the inner angle of the eye. a., optic, that included 
between lines joining the extremities of an object 
and the nodal point. The smallest is about 30 
seconds, a., pelvivertebral, same as a. of inclination 
(of pelvis), a. of polarization, in optics, the angle of 
reflection at which light is most completely polarized. 
a., principal, the angle formed by that side of a 
prism receiving the incident ray with the side from 
which the refracted ray escapes, a. of pubes, that 
formed by the junction of the pubic bones at the 
symphysis, a. of reflection, in optics, that which a 
reflected ray of light makes with a line drawn per- 
pendicular to the point of incidence, a. of refrac- 
tion, in optics, that which exists between a refracted 
ray of light and a line drawn perpendicular to the 
point of incidence, a., Rolandic, the acute angle 
formed by the fissure of Rolando with the superior 
border of the cerebral hemisphere, a., sacroverte- 
bral, that which the sacrum forms with the last 
lumbar vertebra, a., sigma, one between the 
radius fixus and a line from the hormion to the 
staphylion. a., sternoclavicular, that existing be- 
tween the clavicle and the sternum, a., subcostal, 
see a., costal, a., subpubic, that formed at the 
pubic arch. a. of supination of the hand, a. of 
supination of the radius, the extent to which the 
hand is_ capable of being supinated; about 180 . 
a., Sylvian, the angle formed by the posterior limb 
of the Sylvian fissure with a line perpendicular to 
the superior border of the hemisphere, a., temporal 
(of the eye), the outer canthus of the eye. a., visual, 
see a., optic, a., xiphoid, that formed by the sides 
of the xiphoid notch. 

Anglesey leg (an'-gl-se) [Marquis of Anglesey, 
1768-1854]. An artificial limb formed from a solid 
piece of wood hollowed out to receive the stump and 
provided with a steel joint at the knee. The ankle- 
joint was made of wood, to which motion was com- 
municated by strong catgut strings posteriorly and 
a spiral spring anteriorly. 

anglicus sudor {ang'-lik-us su'-dor) [L.]. English 
sweating fever. A contagious malignant fever, also 
known as ephemera maligna, characterized by black 
or dark-colored sweat. 

angophrasia (an-go-fra'-ze-ah) [ayx^v, to choke; 
4>pa<ns, utterance].' A speech-defect consisting of a 
choking, drawling utterance, occurring in paralytic 
dementia. 

angor (an'-gor) [angor, a strangling]. Syn., angina. 
a. animi, a sense of imminent dissolution, a. pec- 
toris, angina pectoris. 

angostura (an-gos-tu'-rah) [Sp., Angostura, a S. A. 
town]. Cusparia bark. The bark of Valipea cus- 
paria. It is a stimulant tonic and febrifuge, used 
in malignant bilious fever, intermittent fever, and 
dysentery. In large doses it is emetic. Dose of 
fluidextract 10-30 min. (0.6-2.0 Cc); of the bark 
10-40 gr. (0.6-2.5 Gm.); of the infusion (infusum 
/cusparia, B. P.) 1-2 oz. (30-60 Cc). 
Angstroem's unit (awng'-strem) [Anders Jonas 
Angstroem, Swedish physicist, 1814-1874]- A unit 
<of length equal to one one-hundred-millionth of a 
.centimeter or one ten-thousandth of a micron: used 
for measuring wave lengths. 

Anguillula (an-gwil'-u-lah) [dim. of anguilla, an 
eel: pi., anguillulce]. A genus of very small nematode 
worms. A. aceti, the common vinegar eel. A. 
intestinalis et stercoralis, Strongyloides intestinalis, 
a worm found in the intestines and feces of persons 
in tropical and subtropical countries. 

angular (an'-gu-lar) [angulus, an angle]. Pertain- 
ing to an angle, a. artery, the terminal branch of 
the facial artery, a. gyrus, a. convolution, a con- 
volution of the brain; see convolution, a. movement, 
the movement between two bones that may take 
place forward and backward or inward and outward. 
a. processes, the external and internal extremities of 
the orbital arch of the frontal bone. 

angulation (an-gu-la'-shun). The formation of 
angular loops in the intestine. 

angulus (an'-gu-lus) [L.]. See angle. 

angustura. See angostura. 

anhalonine (an-hal-o'-nen) [Anhalonium, a genus 
of cacti], C12H15NO3. A poisonous alkaloid from 
Anhalonium lewinii. It forms salts with the ordinary 
acids, a. hydrochloride, C12H15NO3HCI, is a cardiac 
and respiratory stimulant and is used as is strychnine 
in angina pectoris, asthma, and pneumothorax. 

anhaphia (an-ha'-fe-ah). See anaphia. 



anhedonia (an-hed-o' -ne-ah) . Complete loss of the 
sensation of pleasure. 

anhelation (an-hel-a'-shun) [anhelare, to pant]. 
Shortness of breath; dyspnea. 

anhelitus (an-heV -it-us) [L.]. 1. Respiration. 
2. Difficult respiration; asthma. 

anhelose, anhelous (an'-hel-os, -us). Panting, out 
of breath. 

anhematosis {an-hem-at-o'-sis) [t\v, priv.; at/zaroew, 
to make bloody]. Defective formation of the blood. 

anhepatogenic (an-hep-at-o-jen'-ik) [i.v, priv.; 
rJTrap, liver; yewav, to produce]. Not originating in 
or produced by the liver. 

anhidrosis (an-hid-ro'-sis) [&v, priv.; lopus, sweat]. 
Partial or complete absence of sweat secretion. 

anhidrotic (an-hid-rot'-ik) [see anhidrosis], 1. 
Tending to check sweating. 2. An agent that 
checks sweating. 

anhistic, anhistous (an-his'-tik, an-his'-lus) [dv.priv.; 
lottos, aweb]. Structureless; not organized ;plasmic. 

anhydration (an-hi-dra'-shun) [&v, priv.; vScop, 
water]. 1. See dehydration. 2. The state or condition 
of not being hydrated. 

anhydremia (an-hi-dre'-me-ah) [t\v, priv.; Uwp, 
water; alua, blood]. The opposite of hydremia. 
A diminution of the watery constituents of the blood. 

anhydric (an-hi'-drik). See anhydrous. 

anhydride (an-hi'-drid) [t\v, priv.; vdcop, water]. 
A chemical compound, derived from an acid by the 
withdrawal of a molecule of water; or an oxide, 
which on combination with water forms an acid. 
Carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide are examples. 

anhydrite (an-hi'-drit). Anhydrous calcium sul- 
phate. 

anhydromyelia (an-hi-dro-mi-e' -le-ah) [hv, priv.; 
vdcop, water; p.veK6i>, marrow]. A deficiency of the 
fluid thac normally fills the spinal cavity. 

anhydrous (an-hi'-drus) [see anhydride]. In 
chemistry, a term used to denote the absence of 
water, especially of water of crystallization. 

anhypnia (an-hip' '-ne-ah) [t\v, priv.; virvos, sleep 1 ,. 
Sleeplessness, insomnia. 

anhypnosis (an-hip-no'-sis) [d.v, priv.; virvos, sleep]. 
Insomnia. 

anhysteria ian-his-te' -re-ah) [kv, priv.; varepa, the 
uterus]. Absence of the uterus. 

anianthinopsy (an-e-an-thin-op'-se) [&v, priv.; 
lavdivos, violet-colored; oxj/ts, sight]. An inability 
to recognize violet tints. 

anideus (an-id'-e-us) [av, priv.; eiSos, form]. The 
lowest form of omphalosite, in which the parasitic 
fetus is reduced to a shapeless mass of flesh covered 
with skin. 

anidous (an-i'-dus) [c\v, priy.; elSos, form]. Form- 
less, from general arrest of development; used of fetal 
monsters. 

anidros, anidrus (an-id'-ros, -rus). Marked by the 
absence of perspiration. 

anidrosis (an-id-ro'-sis). See anhidrosis. 

anidrotic (an-id-rot'-ik). See anhidrotic. 

anile (an'-il) [anus, an old woman]. Imbecile; 
like an old woman. 

anilide anilid, (an'-il-id) [Ar., al, the; nil, dark 
blue]. A compound formed by the action of acid 
chloride or acid anhydride upon aniline. The 
anilides are very stable derivatives. 

anilidmetarsenite {an-il-id-met-ar' -sen-it) , CeHs- 
NO2ASC6H5NHASO2. A white, odorless powder 
containing 37-69% of arsenic, about half as much as 
arsenic trioxide. It dissolves in water up to 20 %, 
and is used by subcutaneous injection in skin di- 
seases. Dose I-3 gr. (0.05-0.2 Gm.) of 20 % solution 
a day. Syn., atoxyl. 

anilin, aniline {an'-il-in) [see anilide], C6H7N. 
Amidobenzene ; phenylamine; formed in the dry distil- 
lation of bituminous coal, bones, indigo, isatin, and 
other nitrogenous substances. It is made by re- 
ducing nitrobenzene. It is a colorless liquid with a 
faint, peculiar odor, boiling at 183 ; its sp. gr. at o° 
is 1.036. When perfectly pure, it solidifies on cooling, 
and melts at —8°. It is slightly soluble in water, 
but dissolves readily in alcohol and ether. Com- 
bined with chlorine, the chlorates, and hypochlorites, 
it yields the various aniline dyes known by the names 
of a. purple, a. green, a. black, a. blue, etc. It is 
used in chorea and epilepsy in § gr. (0.03 Gm.) 
doses. Syn., phenylamine; crystallin; cyanol. 

anilinophile (an-il-in'-o-fil) [anilin; 4>i\eZi>, to love]. 
1. Readily stained with anilin. 2. A tissue or ele- 
ment staining readily with anilin. 



ANILIPYRINE 



61 



ANISURIA 



anilipyrine (an-il-i-pi'-rin). A feebly toxic white 
powder, consisting of acetanilide, i part; antipyrine, 
2 parts, melted together. It is more soluble in water 
than either of its constituents. Dose, 8-16 gr. 

anilism (an'-il-izm) [anilin]. An acute or chronic 
disease produced in workmen in aniline factories by 
the poisonous fumes. The symptoms are debility, 
vertigo, gastrointestinal disturbance, and cyanosis. 

anility (an-il'-it-e) [anilis, an old woman]. The 
state of being imbecile or childish. 

anima (an'-im-ah) [L.; spirit]. I. The soul; the 
vital principle. 2. Formerly, the active principle 
of a drug or medicine. 3. A current of air; the 
breath; the mind; consciousness. In the plural, 
anima, the swimming-bladders of herring, used as a 
diuretic, a. aloes, refined aloes, a. brutalis, the 
blood, animae deliquium, syncope, animae gravi- 
tas, an offensive breath, a. hepatis, iron sulphate, 
from its supposed efficacy in liver disease, animae 
pathemata, mental affections, a. stahliana, a., 
Stahl's, the vital principle of plants or animals. 

animal (an'-i-mal) [anima, the spirit, breath, or 
life]. An organism capable of ingesting and digesting 
food. No sharp line of distinction exists between the 
lowest animals and certain vegetables. The higher 
animals are distinguished by the power of locomotion 
and the possession of a nervous system, a., char- 
coal, bone-black, ivory-black, etc., is the product of 
the calcining of bones in closed vessels, a. chemistry, 
that concerned with the composition of animal 
bodies, a. electricity, electricity generated in the 
body, a.-gum, C12H20O10+2H2O. A substance pre- 
pared from mucin by Landwehr, and so named on 
account of its resemblance to the gum of commerce. 
It occurs in many tissues of the body, is soluble in 
water, and in alkaline solution readily dissolves cupric 
oxide, the solution not being reduced on boiling. 
It yields no coloration with iodine, and is very 
feebly dextrorotatory, a. heat, the normal tempera- 
ture of the body in man — about 98. 5 F. (37 C). 
a. magnetism, mesmerism; hypnotism, a. starch, 
see glycogen, a. tissue, the textures of the body. 

animalcule (an-im-al'-kul) [animalculum, a minute 
animal]. An animal organism so small as to require 
the microscope for its examination. 

animality (an-im-al'-it-e). The state of having an 
animal nature. 

animalization (an-im-al-iz-a'-shun) [animalis, ani- 
mate]. The process of assimilating food to the 
tissues ofthe body. 

animation (an-im-a'-shun) [animare, to have life 
or existence]. To be possessed of life. Formerly 
used to denote the effect of the vital principle by 
which the fetus acquires the power of continuing its 
existence, a., suspended, a condition marked by 
interrupted respiration and consciousness; caused 
by strangulation, the inhalation of carbon dioxide or 
other gases, etc. 

anime (an'-im-e) [Fr., anime, origin doubtful]. 
A name of various resins, especially that of Hymencea 
courbaril, a tree of tropical America; sometimes used 
in plaster, etc. 

animism {an'-im-izm) [anima, soul]. Stahl's 
theory of life and disease, namely, that the soul is 
the source of both normal and pathological activities. 

aniodol (an-i'-o-dol). A glycerol solution of trioxyr 
methylene, useful as an antiseptic in 1 % solution. 

anion (an'-i-on) [ava, up; M>v, going]. In elec- 
trolysis, an electronegative element or ion. 

aniridia (an-i-rid'-e-ah) [&v, priv.; Ipis, the rain- 
bow]. Absence or defect of the iris. 

aniridism, aniridismus (an-ir'-id-izm, -iz'-mus). 
See aniridia. 

anisalol (an-is'-al-ol), CeH^OCHOCO^CsHs. The 
phenyl ester of anisic acid, forming colorless crystals. 
It is antirheumatic and analgesic. Dose 8-15 gr. 
(0.52-1.0 Gm.). 

anisalyl (an-is'-al-il) [anise; alcohol], C8H9O. 
The univalent radical of anisic alcohol, a. hydrate, 
anisic alcohol. 

anisamide (an-is'-am-id), C8H9NO2. The amide of 
anisic acid; anisyl amide. 

anisate (an'-is-at) [anisum, anise]. A salt of anisic 
acid. 

anisated (an'-is-a-ted) [anisum, anise]. Containing 
anise. 

anischuria (an-is-kii'-re-ah) [&i>, priv.; laxovpLa, 
retention of urine]. Enuresis or incontinence of 
urine. 

anise {an' -is). See anisum. 



aniseed (an'-is-ed). Anise-seed. The seed of 
Pimpinella anisum. See anisum. 

anisette (an'-is-et) [anisum, anise]. A liqueur 
prepared by the distillation of the seeds of star anise, 
fennel, and coriander with water and alcohol and the 
addition of sugar. 

anisic acid. See acid, anisic. 

anisidin (an-is'-id-in), N(C7HtO)H2. A base 
obtained from nitranisol by action of ammonium 
sulphide in alcoholic solution; with acids it forms 
crystalline compounds. Syn., Methylphenidin; Meth- 
ylamidophenol. a. citrate, an analgesic similar to 
phenetidin citrate. 

anisine (an'-is-in) [anisum, anise], C22H24N2O3. 
A crystalline alkaloid, a derivative of anise. 

aniso- (an'-is-o) [avuros, unequal]. In combina- 
tion, unequal, unsymmetrical. 

anisochromatic {an-is-o-kro-mat'-ik) [aniso-; xpwM«» 
color]. Not having the same color throughout; said 
of solutions containing two pigments used in testing 
for color-blindness. 

anisocoria (an-is-o-ko'-re-ah) [aniso-; Koprj, pupil]. 
Inequality of the diameter of the pupils. 

anisocytosis (an-i-so-si-to'-sis) [aniso-; kvtos, cell]. 
Abnormal inequality in the size of the red blood- 
corpuscles. 

anisodactylus (an-is-o-dak'-til-us) [aniso-; SclktvXos, 
a finger]. With unequal digits. 

anisodont {an-i'-so-dont) [aniso-; 65ovs, tooth]. 
Having irregular teeth of unequal length. 

anisognathous (an-is-og'-na-thus) [aniso-; yvoBos, 
jaw]. Having the two jaws unlike as to the molar 
teeth. 

anisol (an'-is-ol) [see anisine], C7H8O. Methyl- 
phenyl ether, produced by heating phenol with 
potassium and methyl iodide or potassium methyl 
sulphate in alcoholic solution. It is an ethereal- 
smelling liquid, boiling at 152 ; its sp. gr. at 15 is 
0.991- 

anisomelia (an-is-o-me'-le-ah) [aniso-; p.e\os, limb]. 
An inequality between corresponding limbs. 

anisomelous (an-is-om'-el-us) [aniso-; p.e\os, a 
limb]. Having limbs of unequal length. 

anisomeria (an-is-o-me'-re-ah) [aniso-; nepos, 
part]. The condition of having unequal organs or 
parts in successive series. 

anisometrope (an-is'-o-me-trdp). A person with 
dissimilar refractive power of the two eyes. 

anisometropia (an-is-o-met-ro'-pe-ah) [aniso-; ukr- 
pov, a measure; &\p, [the eye]. A difference in the 
refraction of the two eyes. 

anisometropic (an-is-o-met-rop'-ik) [see aniso- 
metropia]. Affected with anisometropia. 

anisonormocytosis {an-is-o-nor-mo-si-to'-sis) 

[aniso; norma a rule; kvtos, cell]. The presence in 
the blood of the normal number of leukocytes, but 
with an abnormal proportion of the various kinds of 
leukocytes among themselves. 

anisopia {an-is-o' -pe-ah) [aniso-; &\(/, eye]. In- 
equality of visual power in the two eyes. 

anisosthenic (an-is-o-sthen'-ik) [aniso-; adevds, 
strength]. Not of equal power; used of pairs of 
muscles. 

anisotachys (an-is-ot'-a-kis) [aniso-; raxis, quick]. 
Applied to an accelerated pulse of varying rapidity. 

anisotropal, anisotropic, anisotropous (an-is-o- 
trop'-al, an-is-o-trop'-ik, an-is-ot' -ro-pus) [aniso-; 
t pottos, turning]. Not possessing the same light- 
refracting properties in all directions; a term applied 
to doubly refracting bodies. In biology, varying in 
irritability in different parts or organs. 

anisotrophy (an-is-ot'-ro-fe) [see anisotropal]. The 
quality of being doubly refractive or unequally 
refractive in different directions ; or of being unequally 
responsive to external influences. 

anisum (an'-is-um) [L.]. Anise. The fruit of 
Pimpinella anisum. Its properties are due to a 
volatile oil. It is slightly stimulant to the heart 
action. It liquefies bronchial secretions, and is 
therefore a favorite ingredient in cough-mixtures. 
Dose 10-20 gr. (0.65-1.3 Gm.). anisi, aqua (U. S. 
P.), oil of anise, 1; water, 500 parts. Dose indefinite. 
anisi, essentia (B. P.). Dose 10-20 min. (0.6-1.2 
Cc). anisi, oleum (U. S. P.), an ingredient in 
tinctura opii camphorata. Dose 1-5 min. (0.06-0.3 
Gm.). anisi, spiritus (U. S. P.), a 10 % solution 
of the oil in alcohol. Dose 1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc). 

anisuria (an-is-il'-re-ah) [aniso-; urine]. A con- 
dition characterized by alternate polyuria and 
oliguria. 



ANISYL 



62 



ANNULOSE 



anisyl (an'-is-il) [anisum], CsthCte. A hypothetic 
radical supposed to be found in anise and its deriva- 
tives. 

anitin (an'-it-in). A brownish powder obtained 
from ichthyol. In 33 % aqueous solution it com- 
bines with phenols, etc., to form anitols. Syn., 
ichthyosulphonic acid. 

anitol (an'-it-ol). Any one of the soluble com- 
pounds formed by anitin with phenols, cresols, etc.; 
they possess germicidal properties. 

anitrogenous (ah-ni-troj'-en-us) [&, priv.; nitrogen]. 
Nonnitrogenous. 

ankle (ang'-kl) [ME., ancle]. The joint between 
the leg and the foot. It is a ginglymus joint, with four 
ligaments, the anterior, posterior, internal, and ex- 
ternal, a.-bone, the astragalus, a.-clonus, the suc- 
cession of a number of rhythmic muscular contractions 
in the calf of the leg when the foot is suddenly flexed 
by pressure upon the sole. It is a symptom of 
various diseases of the spinal cord, especially those 
involving the lateral pyramidal tracts, a.-jerk, see 
a.-clonus. a.-joint, see ankle, a. reflex, see a.- 
clonus. a., tailors', a ganglion or synovial sac over 
the external malleolus in tailors, due to their con- 
strained posture when at work. a. valgus, a debili- 
tated condition of the ankle-joint due to laxity of the 
internal lateral ligament, permitting the foot to act 
as in talipes valgus. 

ankola (an-ko'-lah) [Hind.]. The bitter, emetic 
root-bark of Alangium lamarkii, a tree of tropical 
Asia and Africa. It is used in India in skin diseases 
and leprosy. 

ankyla, ankyle (ang'-kil-ah, -e) [aynvXr], anything 
bent]. 1. An angular part, particularly the elbow. 
2. Ankylosis of a joint with flexion. 3. Abnormal 
adhesion of parts. 

ankylenteron (ang-kil-en'-ter-on) [Ay/ciAri, a coil; 
evrepov, an intestine]. An adhesion between intes- 
tinal coils. 

ankyloblepharon (ang-kil-o-blef'-ar-on) [ankyle; 
f}\e<papop, the eyelid]. The adhesion of the ciliary 
edges of the eyelids. 

ankylocheilia, ankylochilia (ang-kil-o-ki'-le-ah) [an- 
kyle; xeiXos, lip]. Adhesion of the lips. 

ankylocolpos (ang-kil-o-kol'-pos) [ankyle; ko\itos, 
the vagina]. Atresia of the vagina or vulva. 

ankylodactylia {ang-kil-o-dak-tiV -e-ah) [ankyle; 
doKTv\os, finger]. Adhesion of fingers or toes to one 
another. 

ankylodeire, ankylodere, ankyloderis (ang-kil-o- 
di'-re, -de'-re, ang-kil-od' -er-is) [ankyle; Seiprj, the 
neck]. Wry-neck; torticollis. 

ankylodontia (ang-kil-o-don'-she-ah) [ankyle; 686vs, 
a tooth]. Irregularity in the position of the teeth. 

ankyloglossia, ankyloglossum {ang-kil-o-glos'-e-ah, 
ang-kil-o-glos' -um) [ankyle; yX&craa, the tongue]. 
Tongue-tie. 

ankylomele (ang-kil-om'-el-e) [ankyle; /xeXos, a 
limb]. 1. The abnormal growing together of limbs 
(as of the fingers or toes). 2. [n^v, a probe] A 
curved probe. 

ankylomerism (ang-kil-om'-er-izm) [ankyle; nepos, a 
part]. Abnormal adherence of parts to each other. 

ankylopodia (ang-kil-o-po'-de-ah) [ankyle; irovs, a 
foot.]. Ankylosis of the ankle-joint. 

ankyloproctia [ang-kil-o-prok -te-ah) [ankyle; ttpwk- 
t6s, the anus]. Atresia of the anus. 

ankylorrhinia iang-kil-o-rin' -e-ah) [ankyle; pis, the 
nose]. Marked adhesion between the walls of a 
nostril. 

ankylose (ang'-kil-oz) [ankyle]. To be, or to 
become, consolidated or firmly united. 

ankylosed (ang'-kil-ozd). Fixed by ankylosis. 

ankylosis (ang-kil-o' -sis) [see ankylose]. Union 
of the bones forming an articulation, resulting in a 
stiff joint, a., capsular, that due to cicatricial shrink- 
ing of the joint-capsule, a., cartilaginous, a form 
observed as a sequel of subacute coxitis in the young, 
marked with great muscle tension and absence of 
suppuration; the cartilages may remain intact for a 
long time, although the shrunken synovial membrane 
has ceased to secrete, a., central, that due to causes 
present within the joint, a., extracapsular, that due 
to rigidity of the parts external to the joint, a., false, 
a., spurious, that due to the rigidity of surrounding 
parts, a., generalized, ankylosis affecting many 
joints, or a tendency toward it. a., intracapsular, 
that due to rigidity of the structures within a joint. 
a., ligamentous, when the medium is fibrous, a., 
muscular, that due to muscular contraction, a., true, 



a., bony, that in which the connecting material is 
bone. 

Ankylostoma, Ankylostomum (ang-kil-os'-to-mah, 
-mum) [dX/c6Xos, crooked; <n-6jua, a mouth]. A genus 
of nematode worms, one species of which, A. duode- 
nale (hook-worm), is sometimes found in the human 
intestine. It produces a condition analogous to 
pernicious anemia. See uncinariasis. 

ankylostomiasis (ang-kil-os-to-mi'-as-is) [see Ankyl- 
ostoma]. The morbid condition produced by the 
presence of the parasite Ankylostoma duodenale in the 
human intestine. It is especially prevalent among 
brickmakers and other workmen in Europe. Syn., 
dochmiasis; brickmakers' anemia; tunnel anemia; 
miners' cachexia; Egyptian chlorosis; uncinariasis; 
hookworm _ disease. 

ankylotia {ang-kil-o' -she-ah) [ankyle; ofs, ear]. 
Union of the walls of the meatus auditorius. 

ankylotome (ang-kil' -o-tom) [ankyle; to\u\, a cut]. 

1. A knife for operating on tongue-tie. 2. Any 
curved knife. 

ankylotomy (ang-kil-ot'-o-me) [ankyle; row, cut]. 
A cutting operation for the relief of tongue-tie. 

ankylourethria (ang-kil-o-u-re'-thre-ah). See an- 
kylurethra. 

ankylurethra, ankylurethria (ang-kil-u-re'-thrah, 
-re'-thre-ah) [ankyle; urethra]. Urethral stricture 
or atresia. 

ankyrism (ang'-kir-izm) [iyKvpiana, a hooking]. 
Articulation or suture by one bone hooking upon 
another. 

ankyroid (ang'-kir-oid) [ayKvpa, a hook]. Hook- 
shaped, a. cavity, in the brain, the posterior or 
descending cornu of the lateral ventricle, a. process, 
the coracoid process. 

anlage (ahn-lahg-eh) [German]. PL anlagen or 
anlages. 1. The primitive undifferentiated mass of 
cells or rudiment of a part in a developing embryo. 

2. The place in the embryo where differentiation 
first appears. 

Annandale's operation (an'-an-dal) [Thomas Ann- 
andale, Scotch surgeon, 1838-1907]. 1. For dislocated 
cartilages; incision into the knee-joint and stitching 
of the dislocated cartilages into their proper position. 
2. For genu valgum; partial excision of both condyles 
of the femur. 3. For nasopharyngeal polypus; divi- 
sion of the alveolar margin and palatal portions of 
the upper jaw along their center, from before back- 
ward, and perforation of the bony septum of the 
nose, thus permitting separation of the two portions 
of the bone and exposure of the polypus. 4. For 
varicocele; a modification of Lee's operation, the veins 
only being excised, the scrotum being left intact. 
5. For webbed-fingers; the longitudinal incisions are 
made along the sides of each finger. A.'s triangle, 
the space bounded in front by the patella, above by 
the articular surface of the femur, and below by the 
margin of the tibia. 

annatto (an-at'-o). See annotto. 

anneal (an-eV) [Saxon, annelan, to heat]. To heat 
and cool slowly, as gold or other metals. 

annectant (an-ek'-tant) [ad, to; nectere, to bind]. 
Linking or binding together, a. convolutions, see 
convolution. 

annelism (an'-el-izm) [anellus, dim. of annulus, a 
ring]. Possessing a ringed structure. 

annexa (an-neks'-ah). See adnexa. 

annexopexy (an-neks'-o-peks-e). See adnexopexy. 

annidalin (an-id'-al-in). Dithymoltriiodide. A 
substitute for iodoform and aristol, q. v. 

annotto (an-ot'-o) [native American]. A coloring- 
matter obtained from the pellicles of the seeds of 
Bixa orellana. It is used to color plasters and 
butter. Syn., annatto; arnotto. 

annuens (an'-u-enz) [annuere, to nod]. The rectus 
capitis anticus minor muscle. 

annular (an'-u-lar) [annulus, a ring]. Ring-like. 
a. cartilage, the cricoid cartilage, a. finger, the ring- 
finger, a. ligament, the ligament surrounding the 
wrist and the ankle, a. muscle of Mueller, the 
circular fibers of the ciliary muscle, a. process, 
a. protuberance, the pons Varolii, a. reflex, a ring- 
like reflection sometimes seen with the ophthalmo- 
scope around the macula. 

annulate (an'-u-ldt). Characterized by, made up 
of, or surrounded by rings. 

annulorrhaphy (an-u-lor'-af-e) [annulus, ring; pa<prj, 
suture]. Closure of a hernial ring or sac by suture. 

annulose \an'-u-los) [annulus, a ring]. Possessing 
rings. 



ANNULUS 



63 



ANOPHELICIDE 



annulus (an'-u-lus) [see annular].^ A ring-shaped 
or circular opening, a. abdominalis, the external 
or internal abdominal ring. a. abdominis, the 
inguinal ring. a. ciliaris, the boundary between the 
iris and the choroid, a., femoralis, femoral ring 
(O. T. crural ring), a., fibrocartilaginous, fibro- 
cartilaginous ring. a. fibrosus. i. The external 
part of the intervertebral discs. 2. Firm connective 
tissue containing elastic fibers surrounding the 
auriculoventricular openings of the heart. Syn., 
annulus fibrosus atrioventricular is. 3. The circular 
fibrous attachment of the tympanic membrane to 
the tympanic plate, a., haemorrhoidalis, hemor- 
rhoidal ring, a., inguinalis abdominalis, abdominal 
inguinal ring (O. T. internal abdominal ring), a. 
inguinalis cutaneus, the external abdominal ring. 
a., inguinalis subcutaneus, subcutaneous inguinal 
ring (O. T. external abdominal ring), a., iridis major, 
greater ring of iris, a., iridis minor, lesser ring of 
iris. a. membranae tympani, an incomplete bony ring 
that forms the fetal auditory process of the temporal 
bone. a. migrans, a disease of the tongue marked by 
crescentic bands of a light-colored rash which spread 
over its dorsal surface and sometimes over the sides 
and under surface. Syn., annulus errans. a. osseus, 
the tympanic plate, a. ovalis, the rounded or 
oval margin of the foramen ovale, a., tendineus 
communis (Zinni), common tendinous ring of Zinn. 
a. tracheae, a tracheal ring, a., tympanicus, tym- 
panic ring. a. umbilicus, the umbilical ring, a., 
urethralis, urethral ring. a. ventriculi, the pylorus. 

AnOC. Abbreviation for anodal opening contrac- 
tion. 

anocathartic (an-o-kath-ar'-tik) [avu, upward; 
KodapriKos, purging]. Emetic. 

anocavernosus (an-o-kav-ur-no'-sus). See bulbo- 
cavernosus. 

anocelia, anocoelia (an-o-se'-le-ah) [avoi, upward; 
KoCKla, a cavity]. The thorax. 

anoceliadelphous (an-o-se-le-ah-del'-fus) [avw, up- 
ward; KoiXia, a cavity; aSe\<pos, a brother]. United 
by the thorax or upper part of the abdomen. 

anochilon, anocheilon, anochilos (an-o-ki'-lon, -los) 
[avw, upward; xelXos, a lip]. 1. The upper Up. 
2. An individual having a large upper lip. 

anochiloschisis, anocheiloschisis (an-o-ki-los'-kis-is) 
[avu, upward; x«X°s» a lip; ax^eiv, to split]. An 
operation of splitting the upper lip for reducing its size. 

anoci-association (ah-no'-se-as-o-se-a'-shun). The 
condition in which pain, fear, shock, and neuroses 
are blocked, and so excluded, in surgical cases. 
See noci-association. 

anococcygeal (an-o-kok-sij'-e-al) [anus, the funda- 
ment; k6kkv£, the coccyx]. Pertaining to the anus 
and the coccyx, a. ligament, a ligament that con- 
nects the tip of the coccyx with the external sphincter 
ani muscle. 

anodal (an'-o-dal) [ava, up; 656s, a way]. Relating 
to the anode; electropositive, a. closure, the closure 
of an electric circuit with the anode placed in relation 
to the muscle or nerve which is to be affected, a. 
closure clonus, a. closure contraction, see contraction, 
anodal closure, a. diffusion, same as cataphoresis. 
a. duration, the duration of an anodal closure con- 
traction, a. opening contraction, see contraction. 

anode (an'-od) [see anodal]. The positive pole of a 
galvanic battery, a., soluble, Sprague's term for an 
anode formed of the metal which is deposited. 

anodermous (an-o-der'-mus) [A, priv.; Sep/ia, the 
skin]. Without the appearance of an epidermis. 

anodic (an-od'-ik) [avu, upward; 680s, way]. 
1. In biology, applied to the upper edges of leaves 
arranged in ascending spirals. 2. Ascending. 3. 
Anodal. 

anodinia (an-o-din' -e-ah) [a, priv.; udis, the pain 
of childbirth]. Absence of labor-pains. 

anodinous (an-od'-in-us). Without labor pains. 

anodmia (an-od'-me-ah) [av, priv.; bbfi-q, smell]. 
Absence of the sense of smell. 

anodont, anodontous, anodous (an'-o-dont, an-o- 
dont'-us, an'-od-us) [av, priv.; 68ovs, a tooth]. Tooth- 
less. 

anodontia (an-o-don' -she-ah) [av, priv.; 68ovs, 
tooth]. Absence of the teeth. 

anodyne (an'-o-din) [av, priv.; odvvjj, pain]. 1. A 
medicine that gives relief from pain. 2. Relieving 
pain, a., Hoffmann's, compound spirit of ether. 

anodynia {an-o-din' -e-ah) [see anodyne]. 1. Free- 
dom from pain. 2. Loss of sensation. Cf. anodinia. 

ancedochium (an-e-o-do'-ke-um) [avoos, without 



understanding; 80x6s, a receptacle], A lunatic 
asylum. 

anoesia (an-o-e' -ze-ah) [avo-naia, a want of sense]. 
Want of understanding. 

anogon (an'-o-gon). The mercurous salt of di- 
iodoparaphenolsulphonic acid. It is said to contain 
nearly 50 per cent, of mercury and 30 per cent, of 
iodine. It is insoluble in the ordinary solvents, and 
is used in the treatment of syphilis. 

anoia (an-oi'-ah) [avoia, idiocy]. Synonym 01 
idiocy. 

anomalism (an-om' '-al-izm) [avw/iaXos, strange]. 
Deviation from the normal order or standard. 

anomalology (an-om-al-ol'-o-je) [avwna\os, strange; 
X670S, science]. The science of anomalies. 

anomalonomy (an-om-al-on'-o-me) [avwna\La, ir- 
regularity; vbnos, a law]. The science of the laws 
governing anomalism. 

anomalotrophy (an-om-al-ot' -ro-fe) . An anomaly 
of nutrition. 

anomalous (an-om' -al-us) [see anomaly]. Irregular; 
characterized by deviation from the common or 
normal order. 

anomalus (an-om' -al-us) [av&naXos, not ordinary]. 
A muscle or muscular slip sometimes occurring 
beneath the levator labii superioris alaeque nasi. 

anomaly (an-om' -al-e) [avwuaXia, irregularity]. A 
marked deviation from the normal; an abnormal 
thing or occurrence. 

anomia (an-o'-me-ah). 1. See anomaly. 2. [d, priv.; 
ovofia, name]. Loss of ability to name objects or to 
recognize names. 

anomous (an-o'-mus) [a, priv.; iLfios, the shoulder]. 
Without shoulders. 

Anona (an-o'-nah) [Malay, menona]. A genus of 
shrubs and trees of the order Anonacece, native of 
tropical America. A. ambotay is a native of French 
Guiana. The bark is applied to malignant ulcers. 
A. glabra is a West Indian species. The juice of the 
unripe fruit is applied to ulcers. A. muricata, sour- 
sop, rough anona, is an American tree, but cultivated 
in all tropical countries, where the ripe fruit is a 
favorite food and used in a cooling drink for fevers. 
The astringent unripe fruit is used in intestinal 
atony. The bark is astringent tand irritant; the 
root-bark is used in cases of disease resulting from 
ingestion of poisonous fish; the leaf is anthelmintic 
and externally a suppurant. The edible fruit of A. 
obtusifolia is used in South America and in the 
West Indies by the natives as a narcotic. A. reticu- 
lata, custard-apple, is a West Indian tree, but culti- 
vated throughout the tropics. The unripe dried 
fruit and seeds are used as an intestinal ajtringent; 
the kernels of the seeds are very poisonous ; the leaves 
are anthelmintic. A. spinescens, of Brazil; the 
seeds are used to poison vermin; the fruit as a poul- 
tice. A. squamosa, sweet-sop, bullock's-heart, is an 
American tree cultivated throughout the tropics for 
its fruit, which is used medicinally as is A. muricata. 
The seeds are used to destroy insects; the bark is 
employed by the Malays and Chinese as a tonic. 

anonychia (an-o-nik'-e-ah) [av, priv.; owj, nail]. 
Absence of the nails. 

anonyma (an-on'-im-ah) [av, priv.; ovona, name]. 
The innominate artery. 

anonymos (an-on'-im-us) [see anonyma]. The 
cricoid cartilage. 

anonymous (an-on'-im-us) [see anonyma]. Name- 
less, a. bone, see innominatum. 

anoopsia (an-o-op' -se-dh) [avu, upward; 5\j/is, 
vision]. Strabismus in which the eye is turned 
upward. 

anoperineal (a-no-per-in-e'-al). Relating to the 
anus and the perineum. 

Anopheles (an-of-el-ez) [avu<pe\ris, harmful]. A 
genus of dipterous insects (mosquitoes), belonging 
to the family Culicidce. A. christopherse, of India, 
harbors sporozoits, and in districts where present 
the endemic index of malaria varies from 40 to 72 %. 
A. maculipennis, is the common form of northern 
and central Europe and America, and the common 
agent in the transmission of the malaria parasite. 
Syn., Anopheles quadrimaculatus. A. rossii, the 
most widely distributed species in India, breeding 
in foul water; does not carry the parasite of benign 
nor of malignant tertian fever, and in Calcutta, where 
this is the prevalent species, the endemic index of 
malaria is zero. 

anophelicide (an-of-eV -is-id) [anopheles; ccedere to 
kill]. An agent which is destructive to anopheles. 



ANOPHELIFUGE 



64 



ANTAGONISM 



anophelifuge (an-of-el'-if-uj) [anopheles; fugare, to 
put to flight]. An agent which prevents the bite or 
attack of anopheles. 

anophelism (an-of -el-izm) . Infestation of any 
region, with anopheles. 

anophoria (an-o-fo'-re-ah) [av6>, upward; <pkpeiv, 
to bear]. See anotropia. 

anophthalmia (an-of-thal'-me-ah) [av, priv.; 6<pda\- 
fios, eye]. Congenital absence of the eyes. a. 
cyclopica, a congenital malformation in which the 
eye-socket is very ill-developed and the orbit rudi- 
mentary or altogether absent. 

anophthalmos (an-off-thal'-mus) [av, priv.; 6<j>dd\- 
fios, eye]. i. Congenital absence of the eyes. 
2. A person born without eyes. 

anophthalmus (an-of-thal'-mus). See anophthalmos. 

anopia (an-o'-pe-ah) [av, priv.; w^, the eye]. 
Absence of sight, especially that due to defect of 
the eyes : 

anopsia (an-op'-se-ah) [av, priv.; 6\pis, vision]. 
See amblyopia. 

anopubic (a-no-pu'-bik). Relating to the anus 
and the pubes. 

anorchia (an-or'-ke-ah). See anarchism. 

anorchism (an'-or-kizm) [av, priv.; opxts, the 
testicle]. Absence of the testicles. 

anorchous (an-or'-kus) [av, priv.; 6px<s, the 
testicle]. Without testicles. 

anorchus (an-or'-kus) [av, priv.; 6px<s, the testicle]. 
A person in whom the testicles are absent or not 
descended. 

anorectal (a-no-rek'-tal). Pertaining to the anus 
and the rectum. 

anoretic, anorectous (an-o-rek'-tik, an-o-rek'-tus) 
[av, priv.j 6pef ts, appetite]. Without an appetite. 

anorexia (an-or-ek' -se-ah) [av, priv.; 8pe£is, appe- 
tite]. Absence of appetite, a. nervosa, an hysterical 
affection occurring chiefly in young neurotic females, 
and characterized by a great aversion to food. 

anoria (an-or'-e-ah) [avcopia, untimeliness]. Im- 
maturity. 

anormal (ah-nor'-mal) [av, priv.; norma, a rule]. 
Abnormal. 

anorrhorrhea (an-or-or-e'-ak) [av, priv.; 6pp6s, 
serum; pola, a flow]. A diminished or defective 
secretion of serous substance. 

anorthography (an-or-thog'-ra-fe) [av, priv.; 6p96s, 
straight; ypa<f>eiv, to write]. Incapacity to write 
correctly; motor agraphia. 

anorthopia (an-or-tho'-pe-ah) [av, priv.; 6p66s, 
straight; 6\pis, vision]. I. A defect in vision in which 
straight lines do not seem straight, and parallelism 
or symmetry is not properly perceived. 2. Squinting; 
obliquity of vision. 

anorthoscope (an-or' -tho-skop) [av, priv.; bp66s, 
straight; o-icoireZv, to look]. An apparatus for con- 
necting in one perfect visual image disconnected and 
incomplete pictures. 

anorthosis (an-or-tho'-sis) [av, priv.; 6p9w<ns, a 
making straight]. Absence or defect of erectility. 

anoscope (a'-no-skop) [anus; aicoirelv, to look]. 
An instrument for examining the rectum. 

anoscopy (an-os'-kop-e). Inspection of the anus 
by means of the anoscope. 

anosia (an-o' -se-ah) [a, priv.; voaos, disease]. 
Without disease; normal health. 

anosmabic (an-oz-mab'-ik). See anosmatic. 

anosmatic (an-oz-mal'-ik) [av, priv.; 607*17, smell]. 
i. With small olfactory lobes. 2. Not having a 
keen sense of smell. 

anosmia (an-oz' -me-ah) [av, priv.; 607*17, smell]. 
Absence of the sense of smell, a., afferent, that due 
to the loss of the conductivity of the olfactory nerves. 
a., central, that due to cerebral disease, a., organic, 
that due to disease of the nasal pituitary membrane. 
a., peripheral, that due to disease of the peripheral 
ends of the olfactory nerves. 

anosmic, anosmous (an-oz' -mik, -mus). 1. With- 
out odor. 2. Having no sense of smell. 

anosphrasia (an-os-fra'-ze-ah). Defect or absence 
of the sense of smell. 

anosphresis (an-os-fre'-sis) [av, priv.; 6o-<j>pr)o-is, 
odor]. Same as anosphrasia. 

anospinal (a-no-spi' -nal) [anus; spine]. Relating 
to the anus and the spinal cord. a. center, a center 
that controls the anal sphincters. It is situated in 
the lumbar portion of the spinal cord. 

anostomosis (an-os-tom-o'-sis). See anastomosis. 

anostosis \(an-os-to'-sis) [av, priv.; 6are6v, bone]. 
Defective development of bone. 



anotia (an-o' -she-ah) [see anotous]. Congenital 
absence of the ears. 

anotous (an-o'-tus) [a, priv.; ovs, ear]. Devoid of 
ears: earless. 

anotropia (an-o-tro'-pe-ah) [avu, upward; rpkweiv, 
to turn]. A condition in which the visual axes have 
a tendency to rise above the object looked at. 

anotus (an-o'-tus) [av, priv.; ovs, the ear]. Desti- 
tute of ears. 

anovarthyroid serum (an-o-var-thi'-royd) [av, priv.; 
ovum; thyroid]. A serum from sheep whose ovaries 
and thyroid gland have been removed. It has been 
used in osteomalacia. 

anovesical (a-no-ves'-ik-al) [anus; vesica, the 
bladder]. Pertaining conjointly to the anus and 
urinary bladder. 

anoxemia anoxaemia, anoxyemia (an-oks-e' -me-ah, 
an-oks-e-e' -me-ah) [av, priv.; oxygen; alpa, blood]. 
1. A lack of oxygen in the blood. 2. An abnormal con- 
dition due to the breathing of an insufficient amount 
of oxygen; mountain sickness; balloon sickness. 

anoxoluin, anoxolyin (an-oks-ol'-u-in, -i-in) [&v, 
priv.; 6£vs, sharp; \veiv, to dissolve]. The substance 
opposed to oxolyin, which, according to Le Conte, 
exists with it in fibrin, albumin, globulin, and casein, 
and which is not soluble in glacial acetic acid. 

anoxycausis (an-oks-e-kaw'-sis) [av, priv.; 6£us, 
sharp; navais, a burning]. Combustion without the 
presence of oxygen. 

anozol (an'-o-zol). A combination of iodoform and 
thymol; deodorous iodoform. 

ansa (an'-sah) [L., "a handle"]. A loop. a. at- 
lantis, the uppermost cervical ansa. a. capitis, the 
zygomatic arch, a., cervical, one of the intercom- 
municating branches of the anterior cervical nerves. 
a., coccygeal. See A. sacralis. a., galvanocaustic, 
the wire loop of a galvanic cautery. Syn., liga- 
lura candens. a., Haller's, the loop formed by the 
nerve joining the facial and glossopharyngeal nerves. 
a., Henle's, a part of the uriniferous tubule, a. 
hypoglossi, a loop formed at the side of the neck by 
the junction of the descendens noni nerve, with 
branches of the second and third cervical nerves. 
a., intergenicularis, fibers connecting the geniculate 
bodies, a., intestinalis, any loop of the small intes- 
tine, a. lenticularis, a bundle of fibers proceeding 
from the neural laminae between the divisions of 
the lenticular nucleus. Syn., ansa lentiformis; 
lenticular loop. a. lumbalis, a. lumbaris, one of the 
connecting ramifications between the branches of 
the lumbar nerves, a., peduncularis, the ventral 
stalk of the thalamus, a. sacralis, a loop joining the 
ganglion impar with the sympathetic trunks of the 
two sides. # a., sternal, the interclavicular notch. 
a. subclavialis, a., subclavian, see a. of Vieussens. 
a. supramaxillaris, one of communication between 
the ventral and dorsal superior dental nerves, a. of 
Vieussens, a loop extending from the third cervical 
ganglion and surrounding the subclavian artery. 
a. of Wrisberg, the nerve joining the right great 
splanchnic and right pneumogastric nerves. 

Anschuetz's chloroform. See chloroform. 

anserine (an'-ser-en) [anser, a goose]. Resembling 
a goose, a. disease, a wasting of the muscles of the 
hands, rendering the tendons unduly prominent, and 
suggesting the appearance of a goose's foot. a. skin, 
goose-skin. 

ansiform (an' -si-form) [ansa, a handle; forma, 
shape]. Loop-shaped. 

Anstie's rule (an'-sle) [Francis Edmund Anstie, 
English physician, 1833-1874]. No healthy man can 
take without injury more than the equivalent of 
1 § ounces of absolute alcohol per diem. A.'s test 
for alcohol in urine, a mixture of potassium bichro- 
mate 1, and strong sulphuric acid 300 is added drop 
by drop to the urine; an emerald green color denotes 
the presence of a toxic amount of alcohol. 

ant-, anti- (ant-, or an'-te) [avH, against]. Pre- 
fixes to compound words signifying opposed to, 
against, counteracting, etc. 

antacid (ant-as'-id) [anti, against; acidus, acid]. 
1. Neutralizing acidity. 2. A substance counter- 
acting or neutralizing acidity. An alkali. 

antacidin (ant-as'-id-in). Saccharate of lime. 

antacrid (ani-ak'-rid) [anti-; acer, sharp]. Cor- 
recting acridity in the secretions, a. tincture, see 
guaiac mixture, Fenner's. 

antagonism (an-tag' -on-izm) [see antagonist]. Op- 
position; opposed action, as of two sets of muscles 
or of two remedial agents. 



ANTAGONIST 



65 



ANTHRACEMIA 



antagonist (an-tag'-o-nist) [avrayo:viaTf)s, counter- 
acting]. A term applied to a drug that neutralizes 
the therapeutic effects of another. In anatomy, a 
muscle that acts in opposition to another, a., 
associated, a name given to that muscle of a healthy 
eye that turns the globe in the same direction as the 
affected muscle of the opposite eye would, if normal, 
turn the eye to which it belongs. 

antagonistic (an-tag-o-nis'-tik) [see antagonist]. 
Opposing. 

antalgesic (ant-al-je'-sik) [see antalgic]. Antalgic. 

antalgic (ant-al'-jik) [anti-; ahyos, pain], i. Re- 
lieving pain. 2. A remedy that relieves pain. 

antalkaline (ant-al'-kal-tn) [anti-; alkali], i. Neu- 
tralizing alkalies. 2. An agent neutralizing alkalies, 
as acids. 

antanacathartic (ant-an-ah-kath-ar'-tik) [anti-; &vd, 
up; KaBapcris, purgation]. 1. Checking expectoration. 
2. An agent which checks expectoration. 

antanemic (ant-an-e'-mik) [anti-; anemic]. 1. Cor- 
recting anemia. 2. A remedy efficient in anemia. 

antaphrodisiac (ant-af-ro-diz'-e-ak) [ant-; a<j>po5L<na, 
sexual desire]. 1. Lessening the venereal desires. 
2. An agent that lessens the venereal impulse; an 
anaphrodisiac. 

antaphroditic (anl-af-ro-dit'-ik). See antaphro- 
disiac. 

antapoplectic (ant-ap-o-plek'-tik) [anti-; &iroir}.ri£la, 
apoplexy]. Efficient in preventing or treating apo- 
plexy. 

antarthritic (ant-ar-thrit'-ik) [anti-; dpOpiTiKos, 
gouty]. 1. Relieving gout. 2. A medicine for the 
relief of gout. 

antasphyctic (ant-as-fik'-tik) [anti-; &<r<j>vKTos, 
pulseless]. 1. Efficient in preventing asphyxia. 
2. An agent efficacious in preventing asphyxia. 

antasthenic (ant-as-then' -ik) [anti-; acrdeveia, weak- 
ness]. Tending to correct debility and restore the 
strength. 

antasthmatic (ant-az-mat'-ik) [anti-; aa-d/xa, short- 
drawn breath]. 1. Relieving asthma. 2. A medicine 
serving for the relief of asthma. 

antatrophic (ant-at-rof'-ik) [ant-; arpo<pla, wasting]. 
1. Preventing atrophy. 2. A drug that will prevent 
wasting or atrophy. 

antebrachial (an-te-bra'-ke-al). Pertaining to the 
forearm. 

antebrachium (an-te-bra'-ke-um). See antibra- 
chium. 

antecardium (an-te-kar'-de-um) [anti-; icapSla, the 
heart]. The scrobiculus cordis, or pit of the stomach; 
the infrasternal depression; the precordium. 

ante cibum (ante si' -bum). Latin for "before a 
meal." 

antecornu (an-te-kor'-nu). See precornu. 

antecubital (an-te-ku'-bit-al) [ante, before; cubitum, 
the elbow]. Situated in front of the elbow. 

antecurvature (an-te-kur'-va-tiir) [ante, forward; 
curvatus, bent]. A forward curvature. 

antedisplacement (an-te-dis-plas'-ment) [ante, for- 
ward; O. F., des placer, to put out of place]. Forward 
displacement of a part or organ. 

antefebrile (an-te-feb'-ril) [ante, before; febris, 
fever]. The period before a fever. 

antefixatio uteri (an-te-fiks-a'-she-o u'-ter-i). The 
operative suturing of the uterus in retroflexion. 

anteflexion (an-te-ftek'-shun) [ante, before; fiectere, 
to bend]. A bending forward, a. of uterus, a con- 
dition in which the fundus of the uterus is bent 
forward. 

antehelix (an-te-he' -liks) . See anthelix. 

antelocation (an-te-lo-ka'-shun) [ante, before; locus, 
a place]. The forward displacement of an organ or 
viscus. 

antemetic (ant-em-et'-ik). See antiemetic. 

antemortem (an'-te-mor'-tem) [L.]. Before death. 

antenarial (an-te-na' -re-al) [ante, before; nares, the 
nostrils]. Situated in front of the nostrils. 

antenatal (an-te-na' -taV) [ante, before; natus, born]. 
Occurring or existing before birth. 

anteneasmum, anteneasmus (an-ten-e-az'-mum, 
-mus). P. Zacchias' term for a form of dementia 
marked by restlessness and a suicidal tendency. 

ante partum (an'-te par' -turn) [L.]. Before de- 
livery. 

antepileptic (ant-ep-il-ep'-tik) [anti-; iirl\ri^is, epi- 
lepsy]. Relieving epilepsy. 

anteprostatic (an-le-pros-tat'-ik) [ante, before; 
7r poa-r arris, one who stands before]. Situated before 
the prostate, a. glands. 1. Cowper's glands. 



2. Certain small accessory glands sometimes found 
between Cowper's gland and the prostate. 

antepyretic (an-te-pi-ret'-ik) [ante; irvperos, fever]. 
Prior to the development of fever. 

antereisis (ant-er-i'-sis) [avrepeio-Ls, resistance]. 
The resistance opposed by a dislocation during its 
reduction. 

anterethic (an-ter-eth'-ik) [anti-; epeOianos, irri- 
tation]. Soothing; allaying irritation. 

anterior (an-te'-re-or) • [L., "before"]. Situated 
before or in front of; pertaining to the part or organ 
situated toward the ventral aspect of the body. a. 
poliomyelitis, inflammation of the anterior horns of 
the spinal cord, giving rise to a characteristic paraly- 
sis, common in children, a. rotation, the forward 
turning of the presenting part in labor. 

antero- (an'-te-ro-) [anterior, before]. A prefix 
signifying position in front. 

anterodorsal (an-te-ro-dor'-sal) [antero-; dorsum, 
the back]. Pertaining to the ventral aspect of the 
dorsum. 

anterograde (an'-te-ro-grad) [antero-; gredi, to go]. 
Proceeding forwards. 

anteroinferior (an-te-ro-in-fe'-re-or) [antero-; in- 
ferior, lower]. Situated in front and below. 

anteroinferior (an-te-ro-in-te'-re-or). Located ven- 
trally and internally. 

anterointernal (an-te-ro-in-tur'-nal). Situated in 
front to the inner side. 

anterolateral (an-te-ro-laf -er-al) [antero-; latus, a 
side]. In front and to or on one side; from the 
front to one side. 

anteromedian (an-te-ro-me'-de-an) [antero-; medius, 
the middle]. In front and toward the middle. 

anteroparietal (an-te-ro-par-i'-et-al) [antero-; pari- 
etal]. Anterior and also parietal, a. area, the 
anterior part of the parietal area of the cranium. 

anteroposterior (an-te-ro-pos-te'-re-or) [antero-; pos- 
terior, backward]. Extending from before backward. 

anterosuperior (an-te-ro-su-pe'-re-or) [antero-; su- 
perior, upper]. Situated in front and above. 

anterotic (ant-e-rot'-ik) [anti-; ipurucos, pertaining 
to love]. Anaphrodisiac. 

anteversion (an-te-ver' -shun) [ante, forward; vertere, 
to turn]. A turning forward, a. of uterus, a tilting 
forward of the uterus. 

anthectic (an-thek'-tik) [anti-; Iktikos, hectic]. 
1. Efficacious against tuberculosis. 2. An agent or 
remedy efficient against tuberculosis. 

anthelicine (an-theV -is-in) [avdeKiZ, the inner 
curvature of the ear]. Pertaining to the anthelix. 

anthelix (an'-the-liks) [a.vdk\i£, the inner curvature 
of the ear]. The ridge surrounding the concha of 
the external ear posteriorly. 

anthelmintic (an-thel-min'-tik) [anti-; eXfiivs, a 
worm]. 1. Efficacious against worms. 2. Avermicide. 

anthema (an'-the-mah) [dvdelv, to bloom]. An 
exanthemj a skin eruption. 

anthemis (an'-them-is) [dv0ep.ls, a flower]. Camo- 
mile. The flower-heads of A. nobilis, the properties 
of which are due to a volatile oil, a camphor, and a 
bitter principle. It is useful in coughs and spas- 
modic infantile complaints, and is an excellent 
stomachic tome. Infusion of 4 dr. to 1 pint, given 
in doses of 1-2 oz. (30-60 Co), anthemidis, extrac- 
tum (B. P.). Dose 2-10 gr. (0.13-0.65 Gm.). 
anthemidis, infusum (B. P.). Dose 1-4 oz. (30-120 
Co), anthemidis, oleum, the volatile oil of camo- 
mile. Dose 2-10 min. (0.12-0.6 Co). 

anthemorrhagic (ant-hem-or-aj'-ik) [anti-; alpa, 
blood; pay la, a bursting]. Checking or preventing 
hemorrhage. 

anther (an'-ther) [avdripos, in full bloom]. In 
biology, the male sexual organ in plants; the summit 
and essential part of the stamen. It contains the 
pollen or fecundating substance of the flower. 

antherpetic (ant-her-pet'-ik) [anti-; herpes]. 1. Ef- 
ficient against herpes. 2. An efficacious remedy for 
herpes. 

anthocephalous, anthocephalus (an-tho-sef -al-us) 
[avdos, a flower; /ce^aXi?, a head]. Having a flower- 
shaped head; e. g., tcenia anthocephala. 

Anthony's fire, St. See erysipelas. 

anthorism, anthorisma (an'-thor-izm, an-thor-iz'- 
mah) [anti-; 6pi<rp.a, a boundary]. A diffuse swelling. 

anthracemia (an-thras-e' -me-ah) [anthrax; al/xa, 
blood]. 1. Woolsorter's disease; splenic fever of 
animals; a disease due to the presence in the blood of 
Bacillus anthracis. 2. Asphyxia due to carbon 
monoxide poisoning. 



ANTHRACENE 



66 



ANTI- 



anthracene (an'-thra-sen) [anthrax], C14H10. A 
hydrocarbon formed from many carbon compounds 
when they are exposed to a high heat; also from 
coal-tar. It crystallizes in colorless, monoclinic 
tables, showing a beautiful blue fluorescence; dis- 
solves with difficulty in alcohol and ether, but easily 
in hot benzene; melts at 213 . It is the base from 
which artificial alizarin is prepared. 

anthracia (an-thra'-se-ah) [anthrax]. A name for 
diseases characterized by the formation of carbuncles. 
a. pestis, the plague, a. rubula, synonym of fram- 
besia. 

anthracic (an'-thras-ik) [anthrax]. Pertaining to 
or of the nature of anthrax. 

anthracin (an'-lhras-in) [anthrax], A toxic pto- 
maine derived from pure cultures of the bacillus of 
anthrax. 

anthracina (an-thras-e'-nah). Melanotic car- 
cinoma. 

anthracion (an-thras'-e-on) [anthrax]. Contagious 
anthrax. 

anthracite (an'-thras-lt) [av9pa%, a coal]. A vari- 
ety of mineral coal containing but little hydrogen, 
and therefore burning almost without flame. 

anthracnosis (an-thrak-no'-sis) [avdpa£, a coal; 
vdaos, disease]. Black rot, a fungus disease of vines, 
caused by the Phoma uvicola, or Sphaceloma ampelium. 
anthracoid (an'-thrak-oid). [anthrax; eldos, like- 
ness]. Resembling carbon, anthrax, or the gem 
carbuncle. 

anthracolemus, anthracoloemus (an-thra-kol-e'- 
mus) [anthrax; Xot/ios, a plague]. Contagious 
anthrax. 

anthracoma (an-thrak-o'-mah) [anthrax], A car- 
buncle. 

anthracometer (an-thrak-om'-el-er) [anthrax; p.kr- 
pov, a measure]. An instrument for estimating 
the amount of carbon dioxide in the air. 

anthracometry (an-thrak-om'-et-re) [a.vdpa%, carbon; 
p.krpov, a measure]. The determination of the 
amount of carbon dioxide in air. 

anthraconecrosis (an-thrak-o-ne-kro'-sis) [anthrax; 
vkupoxTvs, death]. The necrotic transformation of a 
tissue into a black mass, as in dry gangrene. 

anthracopestis (an-thrak-o-pes'-tis) [anthrax, pestis, 
a plague]. Malignant anthrax. 

anthracophlyctis (an-thrak-o-fiik'-tis) [anthrax; 
<j>\vktIs, a pustule]. The same as anthracopestis. 

anthracosis (an-thrak-o'-sis) [anthrax; poaos, dis- 
ease]. 1. "Miners' lung." A diseased condition of 
the lung pnjduced by the inhalation of coal-dust. 
It is a form of pneumokoniosis. 2. A malignant or 
corroding ulcer; a carbuncle. 

anthraflavon (an-thra-flav'-on) [anthracene? flavus, 
yellow], CnHsCu. A substance acting as a dibasic 
acid, forming yellow needles subliming without fusion 
at temperatures above 300 C. 

anthragallol (an-thrargal'-ol), CuH&Os. A reaction- 
product of benzoic, gallic, and sulphuric acids. It 
occurs as a dark-brown paste or orange-red acicular 
crystals, soluble in alcohol; melts at 310 C. Sub- 
limes at 200° C. It is used in dyeing. Syn., trioxy- 
anthraquinone. 

anthrapurpurin (an-thra-pur'-pu-rin) [anthracene; 
purpurin], CuHsOs. A derivative of anthraflavic 
acid and an isomer of purpurin and of flavopurpurin, 
almost identical with the latter; it forms orange- 
colored needles, a. acetate, a. diacetate, a fine 
yellow, tasteless powder, freely soluble in glacial 
acetic acid and xylol, sparingly so in alcohol; insoluble 
in water. It is used as an aperient and laxative 
(it colors the urine red). Dose 7 1 gr. (0.5 Gm.). 
Syn., purgatin; purgatol. 

anthraquinolin (an-thra-kwin'-ol-in) [anthracene; 
quina, bark], C17H11N. A crystalline substance 
melting at 170 C., boiling at 446 C; its solutions 
exhibit an intensely blue fluorescence. 

anthraquinone (an-thra-kwin'-on) [anthracene; 
quinone], C14H8O2. A substance produced by oxi- 
dizing anthracene with HNO3. It sublimes in yellow 
needles, melting at 277 C, and is soluble in hot 
benzene and HNO3. 

anthrarobin (an-thra-ro'-bin) , C14H10O3. A deriva- 
tive of alizarin, similar to chrysarobin. It is a 
yellowish-white powder, insoluble in water, but 
soluble in alcohol and dilute alkaline solutions. It is 
useful in psoriasis, herpes, pityriasis versicolor. 

anthrasol (an'-thra-sol). A proprietary coal-tar 
preparation; used in the form of an ointment for 
pruritus and for skin affections. 



anthrax (an'-lhraks) [av6pa£, a coal or a carbuncle]. 

1. A carbuncle. 2. An acute infectious disease due 
to Bacillus anthracis. Syn., milzbrand; charbon; 
woolsorter' s disease; splenic fever; splenic apoplexy; 
Siberian cattle plague; plaga ignis; acacanthrax; mal 
de Chabert; abscessus gangrcenescens ; abscessus 
gangrcznosus. a., apoplectic, a very acute and 
virulent form of malignant anthrax coming on 
without premonitory symptoms and chiefly affecting 
horses and cattle, a., contagious, malignant anthrax. 
a., hemorrhoidal, a contagious form affecting the 
rectum of animals and marked by evacuations of 
dark-colored blood, a., malignant, see anthrax (2). 
a., pulmonary, gangrene of the lungs, a., sympto- 
matic, see black-leg. 

anthropo- (an-thro-po-) [avdpuiros, a man; a human 
being]. A prefix signifying relating to man or to 
the human race. 

anthropogenesis (an-thro-po-jen'-es-is) [anthropo-; 
ykveais, generation]. The development of man, 
as a race (phylogenesis) and as an individual (onto- 
genesis). 

anthropogeny (an-thro-poj'-en-e) [anthropo-; yewav, 
to produce]. The study or science of the descent of 
man. 

anthropoglot (an'-thro-po-glot) [anthropo-; y\waaa, 
the tongue]. Human-tongued, as a parrot. 

anthropography (an-thro-pog' -ra-fe) [anthropo-; 
ypa<j>eiv, to write]. A treatise upon the human 
structure or organism. 

anthropoid (an'-thro-poid) [anthropo-; elSos, like]. 
Man-like. 

anthropology (an-thro-pol'-o-je) [anthropo-; X670S, 
discourse]. The science of the nature, physical and 
psychological, of man and of mankind. 

anthropometallism (an-thro-po-mef -al-izm) [an- 
thropo-; metal]. Hypnotism or the like condition, 
induced by looking at a metallic disc. 

anthropometer (an-thro-pom'-et-er) [anthropo-; 
\ikrpov, a measure]. An instrument used in anthro- 
pometry. 

anthropometry (an-thro-pom'-et-re) [anthropo-; 
p.krpov, a measure]. The determination of the 
measurement, weight, strength, and proportions of 
the parts of the human body. 

anthropomorphic (an-thro-po-mor'-fik) [anthropo-; 
p.op4>r\, form]. Man-like. 

anthropomorphism (an-thro-po-mor'-fizm) [anthro- 
po-; p.op<j>ij, form]. 1. Anthropomorphosis (q. v.). 

2. The theory which ascribes human attributes to 
the Deity. 

anthropomorphosis (an-thro-po-mor-fo'-sis) [an- 
thropo-; p.op<f>n, form]. The development of the 
human figure; a change into the shape of a man. 

anthropomorphous (an-thro-po-mor'-fus) [anthropo-; 
p.op<f>rj, form]. Resembling a man in shape or 
character. 

anthroponomy (an-thro-pon'-om-e) [anthropo-; man; 
vonos, a law]. The sum of what is known concerning 
the laws which control the formation and functions 
of the human body. 

anthropophagy (an-thro-pof'-a-je) [anthropo-; 
<t>ayelv, to devour]. 1. Cannibalism. 2. Sexual 
perversion leading to rape, mutilation, and canni- 
balism. 

anthropophobia (an-thro-po-fo'-be-ah) I [anthropo-; 
4>6Pos, fear]. A symptom of mental disease consisting 
in fear of society. 

anthroposomatology (an-thro-po-so-mat-ol'-o-je) [an- 
thropo-; <rG>p.a, body; X670S, science]. The sum of 
what is known regarding the human body. 

anthropotomy (an-thro-pot'-o-me) [anthropo-; row, 
section]. Human anatomy, or dissection of the 
human body. 

anthropotoxin (an-thro-po-toks'-in) [anthropo-; 
Totucop, poison]. The toxic substance supposed to 
be excreted by the lungs of human beings. 

anthydropic (ant-hi-drop'-ik) [anti-; vSpwip, dropsy]. 
Effective against dropsy. 

anthypnotic (ant-hip-not' -ik) [anti-; vttvos, sleep]. 
1. Preventive of sleep. 2. An agent that tends to 
induce wakefulness. 

anthypochondriac (ant-hip-o-kon'-dre-ak) [anti-; 
hypochondriac]. Efficient in overcoming hypochon- 
driasis. 

anthysteric (ant-his-ter'-ik) [anti-; varepa, the 
uterus]. 1. Overcoming hysteria. 2. A remedy 
against hysteria. 

anti- (an-ti-) [tori, against]. A prefix meaning 
against. 



ANTIABRIN 



67 



ANTICONTAGIOUS 



antiabrin {an-ti-a' -brin) [anti-; abrin]. Ehrlich's 
term for a hypothetic alexin in the blood of animals 
rendered immune against abrin. 

antiacid (an-te-as'-id). Antacid. 

antiades {an-tV -ad-ez) [pi. of <Wtds, tonsil]. The 
tonsils. 

antiaditis (an-ti-ad-i'-tis) [<Wids, tonsil; iris, inflam- 
mation]. Tonsillitis. 

antiadoncus (an-ti-ad-ong'-kus) [Lvrias, a swollen 
tonsil; 67/cos, a heap]. Any tumor or swelling of the 
tonsils. 

antiagglutinin {an-te-ag-lu' -tin-in). A substance 
having the power of neutralizing the corresponding 
agglutinin, q. v. 

antiaggressin (an-te-ah-gres'-in) [anti-; aggressin]. 
A substance having the power of neutralizing the 
corresponding aggressin. 

antialbumate, antialbuminate {an-te-aV -bit-mat, 
an-te-al-bu' -min-at) [anti-; albumen, white of egg]. 
Parapeptone; a product of the imperfect digestion 
of albumin. It is changed by the pancreatic ferment 
into antipeptone. 

antialbumid {an-te-aV -bu-mid) . See antialbumate. 

antialbumin {an-te-aV -bu-min) [see antialbumate]. 
One of the products of the action of the digestion of 
albumin; it is probably one of the preformed sub- 
stances existing in the proteid molecule. 

antialbumose {an-te-aV -bu-mos) [see antialbumate]. 
One of the albumoses produced by the action of 
pancreatic juice on albumin. It resembles syntonin 
or acidalbumin, and is convertible into antipeptone. 

antialexin {an-te-al-ek' -sin) . A substance which 
has the power of neutralizing the corresponding 
alexin. 

antiamboceptor {an-te-am-bo-sep' -tor) . A sub- 
stance which inhibits the action of an amboceptor. 

antianaphylactin {an-te-an-ah-fi-lak' -tin) . A sub- 
stance which inhibits the action of an anaphylactin. 

antianaphylaxis {an-te-an-ah-fi-lak' -sis). A con- 
dition neutralizing anaphylaxis: a state of absolute 
insusceptibility ; see ananaphylaxis. 

antiantibody {an-te-an' -te-bod-e) . An antibody to 
an antibody. 

antiantitoxin (an-te-an-te-toks'-in). An antibody 
which is formed in immunization with an antitoxin 
and which inhibits its action. 

antiaphrodisiac {an-te-af-ro-diz'-e-ak). See ana- 
phrodisiac. 

antiapoplectic {an-te-ap-op-lek'-tik). An agent 
which affords relief in, or prevents apoplexy. 

antiar (an'-te-ar). See antiarin. 

antiarin (an-te'-ar-in) [Javanese, antiar or ant jar], 
C14H20O5+2H2O. The active principle of Antiaris 
toxicaria or Upas antiar, Javanese poison-tree. 
Intensely poisonous and used as an arrow-poison. 
Is a cardiac depressant. Dose xhs gr. (0.00065 
Gm.). 

antiarsenin {an-te-ar' -sen-in) . An antitoxin pro- 
duced as the result of the administration of arsenic. 

antiarthrin {an-te-ar' -thrin) . The commercial 
name for a preparation said to consist chiefly of the 
extractives of horse chestnut, with salicin, saligenin, 
dextrose, and hydrochloric acid. It is said to be a 
specific for gout. Dose, 1 gm. 

antiarthritic {an-te-ar-thrit'-ik) [anti-; arthritis]. 
A remedy against gout. 

antiasthmatic {an-te-az-mat'-ik). See antasthmatic. 

antiautolysin {an-te-aw-toV -is-in) [anti-; avrds, 
self; Xiio-ts, solution]. A substance developed in the 
blood having the power to restrain the solvent action 
of autolysin. 

antibacterial {an-te-bdk-te' -re-al) [anti-; bacterial]. 
1. Opposed to the germ theory of disease. 2. Op- 
posed to or restraining bacterial action. 

antibacterin {an-te-bak' -ter-in) . 1. A pale yellow 
fluid said to consist of boric acid, 6.25 parts; iron 
chloride solution, 1.5 parts; chloric ether, to make 
100 parts. It is used by inhalation in tuberculosis, 
beginning with 150 gr. (10 Gm.) daily, and increasing 
to 10 times that quantity. 2. Crude aluminum 
sulphate mixed with soot. 

antibechic {an-te-bek'-ik) [anti-; (Jfe, a cough]. 
1. Alleviating or curing cough. 2. A remedy for 
cough or hoarseness. 

antibilious {an-te-biV -yus) [anti-; bilious]. Effec- 
tive against bilious disorders. 

antibiosis {an-te-bi-o' -sis) [anti-; /3ios, life]. An 
association between two or more organisms which 
is harmful to one of them. It is the opposite of 
symbiosis. 



antibiotic {an-te-bi-ot'-ik) [anti-; 0los, life]. 1. Per- 
taining to antibiosis. 2. Tending to destroy life. 

antiblennorrhagic {an-te-blen-or-aj'-ik) [anti-; &\kv- 
va, mucus; piyvvvai, to burst]. Efficient in pre- 
venting or curing gonorrhea. 

antibodies {an-te-bod'-ez). Characteristic consti- 
tuents of the blood and fluids of the immune animal; 
antagonistic to the harmful action of bacteria; e. g., 
antitoxins, agglutinins, precipitins, etc. Cf. anti- 
toxin. 

antebrachial {an-te-bra'-ke-al) [anti-; /3paxu>»\ the 
arm]. Pertaining to the forearm. 

antibrachium {an-te-bra' -ke-um) . The forearm. 

antibromic {an-te-bro'-mik) [anti-; Ppu>p.os, a 
stench]. 1. Deodorant. 2. A drug that destroys 
offensive smells. A deodorizer. 

antibrule {an'-ti-brul). A proprietary analgesic, 
antiseptic, and keratoplastic. 

anticachectic {an-te-kak-ek' -tik) [anti-; Ka»c6s, bad; 
e£«, habit]. Effective in destroying cachexia. 
2. A remedial agent against cachexia. 

anticacochymic {an-te-kak-o-kim'-ik) [anti-; Kaicfo, 
bad; xuauSs, juice]. Anticachectic. 

anticalculous {an-te-kaV -ku-lus) [anti-; calculus]. 
Good against calculus; antilithic. 

anticancrin {an-te-kang'-krin). See cancroin. 

anticarcinomatous {an-te-kar-sin-o' -mat-us) [anti-; 
Kapnivuna, cancer]. Preventing carcincoma. 

anticardium {an-te-kar' -de-um) [anti-; napdia., the 
heart]. The scrobiculus cordis, or pit of the stomach; 
the infrasternal depression. 

anticarious {an-te-ka' -re-us) [anti-; caries, decay]. 
Preventing decay, as of the teeth. 

anticatarrhal {an-te-kat-ar'-al) [anti-; catarrh]. 
Counteracting catarrh. 

anticathode {an-te-kath'-od). The part of a 
Crookes' tube opposite the cathode; it is that part 
on which the cathode rays impinge. 

anticaustic {an-te-kaws'-tik). Arresting the action 
of a caustic agent. 

anticausticon {an-te-kaws'-tik-on) [anti-; /cawm/cos, 
burning]. A preparation of soluble water glass. 

antichirotonus, anticheirotonus {an-te-ki-rof -o-nus) 
[anti-; x«'p. hand; tovos, tension]. Forcible and 
steady inflection of the thumb, seen at times in or 
before attacks of epilepsy. 

antichlor {an'-te-klor). 1. Sodium thiosulphate. 
2. Potassium sulphate. 

antichlorin {an-te-klor'-in). A preparation used 
in anemia and said to consist of glucose, basic bis- 
muth formate, and sodium bicarbonate. 

antichlorotic {an-te-klo-rot'-ik) [anti-; xKuporris, 
greenness]. Counteracting chlorosis. 

anticholerin {an-te-kol'-er-in) [anti-; xo^epa, choL- 
era]. A product isolated from cultures of cholera 
bacilli, and used in the treatment of cholera. 

anticipating {an-tis' -ip-a-ting) [anticipare, to take 
before]. Occurring before the regular or expected 
time, as an anticipating intermittent fever, one in 
which the paroxysms occur earlier on successive days. 

anticlinal {an-te-kli'-nal) [anti-; tiklveiv, to slope]. 
Sloping in opposite directions, a. vertebra, in man, 
the tenth thoracic vertebra, where the thoracic 
vertebrae begin to assume the characters of the 
lumbar. 

anticloudine {an-te-klow'-din). Trade name of a 
paste for preventing moisture from precipitating on 
eyeglasses, mirrors, or glass or nickel instruments. 

anticnemion {an-tik-ne' -me-on) [anti-; nv-qn-q, leg]. 
The shin or front of the leg. 

anticnesmatic {an-tik-ne s-mat' -ik) [anti-; Kvr\ap.as, 
itching]. 1. Efficient against itching. 2. A remedy 
for itching. 

anticoagulant {an-te-ko-ag' -u-lant) [anti-; coagu- 
lum]. 1. Opposed to or preventive of coagulation. 
2. A substance preventing coagulation. 

anticoagulin {an-te-ko-ag' -u-lin). A substance 
formed in the body antagonistic in its action to that 
of a coagulin {q. v.) . 

anticomplement {an-te-kom' -ple-ment) [anti-; com- 
plement]. A substance held by Ehrlich in his lateral- 
chain theory to enter into the composition of an 
antihemolysin (g. v.). It is capable of neutralizing 
the action of a complement. Cf. antiimmune body 
under body. 

anticomplementary {an-te-kom-ple-men' -tar-e) . Cap- 
able of lessening of abolishing the action of a com- 
plement. 

anticontagious {an-te-kon-ta'-jus). Counteracting 
contagion. 



ANTICONVULSIVE 



68 



ANTIIMMUNE BODIES 



anticonvulsive (an-te-kon-vuV-siv). Effective 
against convulsions. 

anticope (an-tik'-op-e) [avriKoirr), a beating back]. 
Resonance; reaction; repercussion; counterstroke. 

anticornutin (an-te-kor-nu'-iin) . i. Topasol G. II, 
an antiseptic combination of zinc and copper ferro- 
sulphates. 2. Topasol G. IV, a combination of 
iron, zinc, and calcium sulphate. 

anticoroin (an-le-ko'-ro-in). Topasol G. V, an 
antiseptic combination of zinc, and magnesium sul- 
phates. 

anticreatinine {an-te-kre-at'-in-in). A leukomaine 
derived from creatinine. 

anticrisis (an-te-kri'-sis) [anti-; crisis]. An agent 
or phenomenon preventing a crisis. 

anticritical (an-te-krit'-ik-al) [anti-; uplais, a crisis]. 
Preventing the crisis of a disease. 

anticteric (ant-ik'-tur-ik) [anti-; icterus], i. Efficient 
against jaundice. 2. An efficient agent against 
j aundice. 

anticus (an-ti'-kus) [anticus, that in front]. An- 
terior; in front of. 

anticyclic acid. See acid, anticyclic. 

anticytolysin (an-te-si-tol'-is-in). A substance 
opposing a cytolysin. 

anticytotoxin (an-te-si-to-toks'-in). A substance 
antagonistic in its action to a cytotoxin. 

antidiabetic (an-te-di-ab-et'-ik) [anti; diabetes]. 
1. Efficient against diabetes. 2. A remedy for 
diabetes. 

antidiabeticum (an-te-di-a-bet'-ik-um). A prepara- 
tion recommended for diabetes, said to consist of 
wheat starch, sugar of milk, sulphur, powdered senna 
leaves, and fennel. Syn., glycosolveol; glycosolvol. 

antidiabetin (an-te-di-ab-e'-tin). A mixture of 
saccharin and mannite, used instead of sugar by 
diabetics. 

antidiarrheal (an-te-di-ar-e'-al) [anti-; diarrhea]. 
Preventing or overcoming diarrhea. 

antidiastase (an-te-di'-as-tas). An antibody to 
diastase. 

antidiastole (an-te-di-as'-to-le) [eWiSiao-roXij, dis- 
tinction]. Differential diagnosis. 

antidigestive (an-te-di-jes'-tiv) [anti-; digestion]. 
Preventing the proper digestion of the food. 

antidinic (an-te-din' -ik) [anti-; Slvos, a whirl]. 
Relieving or preventing vertigo. 

antidiphtherin (an-te-dif-ther-in). A solution con- 
taining cultures of Bacillus diphtheria, used against 
diphtheria, a., Klebs', a preparation obtained by 
precipitation with alcohol from the culture-fluid of 
Bacillus diphtherias after removal of the bacilli. 

antidolorin (an-te-do'-lor-in) [anti-; dolor, pain]. 
A proprietary preparation of ethyl chloride, used 
for the relief of superficial pain. 

antidotal (an-te-do'-tal) [anti-; doros, given]. 
Having the nature of an antidote. 

antidote (an'-te-dot) [see antidotal]. An agent 
preventing or counteracting the action of a poison. 
a., arsenical, is prepared by dissolving 100 parts of 
the hydrated sulphate of iron in 250 parts of water, 
to which 15 parts of burnt magnesia and 250 parts 
of water are added, a., chemical, one that changes 
the chemical nature of the poison so that it becomes 
insoluble or harmless, a., mechanical, one that 
prevents absorption by holding the poison in mechani- 
cal suspension or by coating the stomach, a., 
physiological, one that counteracts the physiological 
effects of a poison, a., universal, a mixture of 1 part 
of dissolved iron sulphate in 2 parts of magnesia water. 

antidotism {an' -te-do-tizm) [see antidotal]. Thera- 
peutic or physiologic antagonism; the possession of 
antidotal properties; the act of giving antidotes. 

antidromic nerve impulses (an-te-drom'-ik) [anti-; 
Spd/xos, a running]. Nerve impulses passing in the 
opposite direction to the normal, such as occurs 
when vasodilatation follows peripheral stimulation 
of an afferent nerve. 

antidynamic (an-le-di-nam'-ik) [anti-; dvpa/us, 
force]. Weakening, depressing. 

antidyne, antidynous (an'-te-dln, an-tid'-in-us) 
[anti-; bSvvi), pain]. Anodyne. 

antidyscratic (an-te-dis-krat'-ik) [anti-; Svatcpaaia, 
bad temperament]. Tending to overcome, as a 
dyscrasia. 

antidysenteric (an-te-dis-en-ter'-ik) [anti-; dysen- 
tery]. 1. Serviceable against dysentery. 2. A remedy 
for dysentery. 

antidysentericum (an-te-dis-en-ter'-ik-um). A pro- 
prietary remedy for dysentery and chronic diarrhea, 



said to consist of myrobalans, pelletierine, extract of 
rose and gum arabic. 

antidysuric (an-te-dis-u'-rik) [anti-; dvaovpia, diffi- 
cult micturition]. Relieving dysuria. 

antiemetic (an-te-em-et'-ik) [anti-; emetic]. Pre- 
venting emesis; relieving nausea. 

antiendotoxic (an-te-en-do-toks'-ik) . Preventing or 
counteracting the effect of endotoxins. 

antiendotoxin (an-te-en-do-toks'-in). An antibody 
which counteracts a bacterial endotoxin. 

antienzyme ian-te-en' '-zim) [anti-; enzyme]. An 
agent which neutralizes the action of an enzyme. 

antiephialtic (an-ti-ef-e-al'-tik) . See antephialtic. 

antiepilectic (an-te-ep-il-ek'-tik). See antepilectic. 

antifebrile (an-te-feb'-ril) [anti-; febris, a fever]. 
An agent reducing a fever; a febrifuge. 

antifebrin (an-te-feb'-rin) [anti-; febris, a fever], 
C6H5 . C2H3O . NH. The proprietary name of ace- 
tanilide or phenylacetamide. A white, crystalline 
powder, insoluble in water, freely soluble in alcohol, 
ether, and chloroform. It is antipyretic and anal- 
gesic. The drug's official name is acetanilidum. 
Dose 5-10 gr. (0.3-0.6 Gm.). 

antiferment (an-te-fer'-ment) [anti-; fermentum, 
leaven]. An agent that prevents fermentation. 

antifermentative (an-te-fer-men'-ta-tiv) [antifer- 
ment]. Preventing fermentation. 

antiflatulent (an-te-flat' -u-lent) . 1. Efficient against 
flatulence. 2. A remedy for flatulence. 

antiformin (an-te-for'-min). Trade name of a 
disinfectant preparation containing solution of 
potassium or sodium hypochlorite and of sodium 
hydrate. It has a powerful solvent action on certain 
organic substances; and is used in the laboratory for 
the separation of tubercle bacilli from sputum, urine, 
and other pathological products which contain these 
bacilli. 

antifungin (an-te-fun'-jiri). Magnesium borate, 
used as a gargle. 

antigalactagogue (an-te-gal-ak'-ta-gog) [anti-; ya\a, 
milk; dyayds, leading]. Same as antigalactic. 

antigalactic (an-te-gal-ak'-tik) [anti-; ya\a, milk]. 
1. Lessening the secretion of milk. 2. A drug that 
lessens the flow of milk. 

antigen (an'-te-jen) [anti-; yewav, to produce]. 
Any bacterium or substance which, when injected 
into an organism, is capable of causing the formation 
of an antibody. 

antigermin (an-te-jer'-min). A compound of copper 
and an acid, forming a yellowish-green, tenacious 
mass, soluble in 200 parts of water. It is said to be 
disinfectant, deodorant, and bactericidal. 

antigerminal (an-te-jer'-min-al) [anti-; germ]. 
Relating to the pole of the ovum opposed to the 
germinal pole. 

antigonorrheic (an-te-gon-o-re'-ik). A substance 
which is capable of aiding in the cure of gonorrhea. 

antihelix (an-te-he'-liks). See anthelix. 

antihemagglutinin (an-te-hem-ag-glu' -tin-in). A 
substance opposed in action to the hemagglutinins 

antihemolysin {an-te-he-moV -is-in) [anti-; alpa, 
blood; Xvais, solution]. A complex substance in the 
blood-serum developed by inoculations with hemoly- 
sins. It is an antibody to hemolysin; and is com- 
posed of anticomplements and antiimmune bodies. 

antihemolytic {an-te-hem-o-lit'-ik). Relating to an 
antihemolysin; not capable of dissolving blood- 
corpuscles. Preventing hemolysis. 

antihemorrhoidal (an-te-hem-or-oid'-al). 1. Effec- 
tive against hemorrhoids. 2. A remedy for hemor- 
rhoids. 

antiherpetic (an-te-her-pet'-ik) [anti-; herpes]. 
Preventing herpes. 

antihidrotic (an-te-hi-drot'-ik) [anti-; idpus, sweat]. 
1. Diminishing the secretion of sweat. 2. An agent 
that lessens perspiration. 

antihormone (an-te-hor'-mon) [anti-; hormone], 
A hormone which counteracts another hormone; an 
antagonistic hormone; a chalone. 

antihydropic (an-te-hi-drop'-ik). See anthydropic. 

antihydropin {an-te-hi' -dro-pin) [anti-; i>8up, water]. 
A crystalline principle obtainable from the common 
cockroach, Blatta {P eriplaneta) orientalis, and said 
to be diuretic. Dose 10-20 gr. (0.6-1.3 Gm.). 

antihysterical (an-te-his-ter'-ik-al). Relieving or 
inhibiting hysteria. 

antiicteric {an-te-ik-ter'-ik) [anti-; icteric]. Service- 
able against jaundice. 

antiimmune bodies. See under body. 



ANTIISOLYSIN 



69 



AXTIMYCETIC 



antiisolysin (an-te-i-sol'-is-in). A substance which 
is capable of counteracting the action of an isolysin. 

antikamnia (an-te-kam' -ne-ah) [anti-; naixveiv, to 
suffer pain]. A proprietary remedy said to be com- 
posed of sodium bicarbonate, acetanilide, and 
caffeine. It is used as an analgesic in doses of 5-10 
gr. (0.32-0.65 Gm.). 

antikathode (an-te-kath'-od) [anti-; kathode]. A 
piece of platinum foil so placed in a Crookes tube 
as to intercept the kathode rays; being thus rendered 
fluorescent, it becomes a source of roentgen-rays. 

antiketogen (an-te-ke'-to-jen) [anti-; ketogen]. A 
substance which produces antiketogenesis. 

antiketogenesis (an-te-ke-to-jen'-es-is) [anti-; ketone 
(acetone); genesis]. The dimination of acidosis by 
the oxidation of sugar and allied substances in the 
body. 

antiketogenic (an-te-ke-to-jen'-ik) [anti-; ketone 
(acetone); yewav, to produce]. 1. Pertaining to 
antiketogenesis. 2. Preventing the formation of 
acetone. 

antikinase (an-te-ki' -nas) . An antibody to kinase. 

antikol (an'-tik-ol). A proprietary antipyretic 
mixture said to contain acetanilide, sodium bicar- 
bonate, and tartaric acid. 

antilabium (an-te-la'-be-um). See antelabium. 

antilactase (an-te-lak'-tas). Antibody which coun- 
teracts lactase. 

antilactic (an-te-lak'-tik). See antigalactic. 

antilactoserum (an-te-lak-to-se'-rum). A substance 
antagonistic in its action to lactoserum (q. v.). 

antilemic, antiloemic, antiloimic (an-te-le'-mik, 
an-te-loi' -mik) [anti-; Xot/xos, the plague]. Efficacious 
against the plague or other pestilence. 

antileprol (an-te-lep'-rol). The ethyl ester of 
chaulmoogra acid, recommended in place of chaul- 
moogra oil in treatment of leprosy. 

antilepsis (an-til-ep'-sis) [avTikrjipis, a receiving in 
return]. 1. The treatment of disease by the appli- 
cation of the remedy to a healthy part; revulsive 
treatment. 2. A taking root. 3. A taking effect. 
4. A seizure; an attack. 5. The support of a band- 
age. 

antileptic (an-til-ep'-tik) [6lvtI\t)\Pis, a receiving 
in return]. 1. Revulsive. 2. Supporting, assisting. 

antilethargic (an-te-leth-ar'-jik). 1. Anesting 
lethargy; hindering sleep. 2. An agent efficacious 
against lethargy. 

antileukocidin {an-te-lu-ko' -si-din). The antibody 
for the leukocytic poison of the streptococcus. 

antileukotoxin (an-te-lu-ko-tok'-sin). The antibody 
to a leukotoxin. 

antilipase (an-te-lip'-as). A substance inhibiting 
or counteracting a lipase. 

antilithemic (an-te-lith-e'-mik) [anti; lithemia]. 
Correcting lithemia. 

antilithic (an-te-lith'-ik) [anti-; >.L6os, a stone]. 
1. Efficacious against calculus. 2. An agent pre- 
venting the deposit of urinary sediment. 

antilobium (an-te-lo'-be-um) [anti-; Xo/Scs, the lobe 
of the ear]. The tragus or part of the ear opposite 
the lobe. 

antiloemic (an-ti-le' -mik) . See antilemic. 

antiluetic (an-te-lu-et'-ik) [anti-; lues, the plague; 
syphilis]. Efficacious against syphilis. 

antilypyrin {an-te-le-pV -rin) . An antipyretic and 
analgesic substance obtained by heating acetanilide, 
1 part, with antipyrine, 2 parts. Dose 7-8 gr. (0.45- 
0.52 Gm.). 

antilysin (an-til'-is-in) [anti-; Aixm, a loosing]. 
A substance opposed to the activity of a lysin. 

antilysis (an-til'-is-is). The condition due to the 
activity of antilysins. 

antilyssic (an-te-lis'-ik) [anti-; \vaaa, rabies]. 
1. Tending to cure rabies. 2. A remedy for rabies. 

antilytic. Relating to the action of an antilysin. 

antimalarial (an-te-mal-a'-re-al). Preventing or 
curing malaria. 

antimaniacal (an-te-ma-ni' -ak-al) [anti-; navLa, 
madness]. Overcoming insanity. 

antimellin (an-te-meV -in) . A remedy employed 
in diabetes purporting to be a glucoside separated 
from the fruit of Eugenia jambolana. 

antimephitic (an-te-mef-if '-ik) [anti-; mephitis, a 
pestilential exhalation]. Efficacious against foul 
exhalations or their effects. 

antimere (an'-te-mer) [anti-; nkpos, a part]. 
1. Any one of the segments of the body that are 
bounded by planes typically at right* angles to the 
long axis of the body. 2. A homotype. 



antimerology (an-te-mer-ol'-o-je) [anti-; fiepos, a 
part; \6yos, science]. The science of homoty pic parts. 

antimetropia (an-te-met-ro' -pe-ah) [anti-; melropia]. 
A condition characterized by opposing states of 
refraction in the two eyes, as, for example, the exist- 
ence of myopia in one eye and of hyperopia in the 
other. 

antimiasmatic (an-te-mi-as-mat'-ik) [anti-; fiiaa-fia, 
exhalation]. Preventive of malaria. 

antimicrobic (an-te-mi-kro'-bik) [anti-; microbe]. 
Arresting the development of microbes; antibacterial. 

antimicrophyte (an-te-mik'-ro-fit) [avH, against; 
Mucpos, small; <j>vt6v, plant]. A germicide. 

antimigraine (an-te-mig'-ran). A proprietary 
preparation said to consist of caffeine, antipyrine 
and sugar. Dose, 1.5 gm. Syn., antihemicranin. 

antimonial (an-te-mo' -ne-aV) [antimonium, anti- 
mony]. Containing antimony. 

antimonic (an-te-mon'-ik) [see antimonial]. A 
term applied to those compounds of antimony that 
correspond to its higher oxide. 

antimonide (an'-te-mo-nid). Any binary combi- 
nation of antimony. 

antimonious (an-te-mo'-ne-us) [see antimonial]. 
A term denoting those compounds of antimony that 
correspond to its lower oxide. 

antimonium (an-te-mo'-ne-um). See antimony. 

antimony (an'-te-mo-ne) [L., antimonium]. Sb = 
120.2; quantivalence III and V. A metallic, crystal- 
line element possessing a bluish-white luster. The 
symbol Sb is derived from the old name, stibium. 
Antimony is found native, as the sulphide, Sb2S3, as 
the oxide, and is a constituent of many minerals. 
It is used commercially chiefly for making alloys. 
Type-metal, Britannia metal, and Babbitt antifric- 
tion metal are alloys of antimony. In medicine 
salts of antimony are used less frequently than 
formerly. The salts are cardiac and arterial de- 
pressants, diaphoretic and emetic, and in large doses 
powerful gastrointestinal irritants, producing symp- 
toms resembling those of Asiatic cholera. Antimony 
has been used as an antiphlogistic in sthenic inflam- 
mation, as a diaphoretic and expectorant, and as an 
emetic, a. arsenate, a heavy white powder; it is 
used in syphilitic affections of the skin. Dose & gr. 
(0.001 Gm.) 4 times daily, a. arsenite, a fine white 
powder; it is used in skin diseases, a. chloride, SbCb, 
the "butter" of antimony; a strong caustic, a. 
iodide, Sbb, red crystals, decomposed by water, 
soluble in carbon disulphide; melts at 167 ° C. It is 
alterative. _ Dose |-i gr. (0.016-0.065 Gm.) in pills. 
a. oxychloride, the "powder of algaroth"; now little 
used. a. pentoxide, St^Os, antimonic acid, combines 
with bases to form antimoniates. a., pills of, com- 
pound (pilules antimonii composite, B. P.), Plum- 
mer's pills, contain calomel and sulphureted anti- 
mony, of each, \ gr. (0.032 Gm.). a. and potassium 
tartrate (antimonii et potassii tartras, U. S. P.; 
antimonium tartaratum, B. P.), 2KSbOC4H40e . H2O,. 
"tartar emetic." Dose ^-^ gr. (0.004-0.016 Gm.). 
a., powder of (pulvis antimonialis, B. P.), antimonial- 
powder, James' powder, consists of antimonious 
oxide 33, and calcium phosphate 67 parts, and is- 
diaphoretic; in large doses, emetic and cathartic 
Dose 3-8 gr. (0.2-0.5 Gm.). a. sulphide, Sb2S», 
black sulphide of antimony. Dose \-i gr. (0.016- 
0.065 Gm.). a. sulphide, golden, Sb2So, a fine, 
odorless, orange-yellow powder, soluble in alkaline 
solutions. It is alterative, diaphoretic, emetic, and 
expectorant. Dose £-ii gr. (0.01-0.1 Gm.) several 
times daily, a., sulphureted (antimonium sulphur- 
atum, B. P.), the sulphide with a small but indefinite 
amount of the oxide. Dose 1-5 gr. (0.065-0.32 Gm.). 
a. tartrate, (SbO^QHUOe+I^O, a white, crystalline 
powder. Used internally as a substitute for arsenic 
in affections of the skin. Dose ^ gr. (0.0065 Gm.) 
3 to 5 times daily, a. trioxide, antimonious acid, 
Sb2C>3; soluble in hydrochloric and tartaric acids. 
Dose 1-2 gr. (0.065-0.13 Gm.). It is an ingredient 
of James' powder, a., vegetable, boneset. a., wine 
of (vinum antimonii, U. S. P.), boiling water, 60; 
tartar emetic, 4; stronger white wine, 1000 parts. 
It contains about 2 gr. of tartar emetic to the ounce. 
Dose 5-15 min. (0.3-1.6 Cc). 

antimonyl (an'-tim-on-il). SbO. The univalent 
radical of antimonous compounds. 

antimucorin (an-te-mu' -kor-in) . Topasol G. Ill, 
an antiseptic preparation of iron and zinc sulphate. 

antimycetic (an-le-mi-se'-tik) [anti-; ^vK-qs, fungus]. 
1. See actinomycotic. 2. A fungicide. 



ANTIMYCOTIC 



antimycotic (an-te-mi-kot'-ik) [anti-; tivK-qs, a 
fungus]. Destructive to microorganisms. 

antimydriatic {an-te-mid-re-at'-ik) [anti-; p.vSplacris, 
mydriasis], i. Opposed to or arresting dilatation of 
the pupils. 2. A drug efficacious against mydriasis. 

antinarcotic (an-te-nar-kot'-ik) [anti-; vapKuo-is, 
a benumbing]. Preventing narcosis. 

antinausea (an-te-naw' -se-aK) . A remedy for 
seasickness, said to consist of cocaine and antipyrine. 

antinephritic (an-te-nef-rit'-ik) [anti-; ve<f>p6s, the 
kidney; irw, inflammation]. Preventing or curative 
of renal disease. 

antinervin (an-te-ner'-vin) [anti-; nervus, a tendon 
or nerve]. Salbromalide, a mixture of bromacetani- 
lide and salicylanilide; used for the relief of neuralgia. 

antineuralgic (an-te-nu-ral'-jik) [anti-; vevpov, a 
nerve; aXyos, pain]. Overcoming neuralgia. 

antineuritic {an-te-nu-riV '-ik) . i. Efficient in 
neuritis. 2. A remedy against neuritis. 

antineuropathic (an-te-nu-ro-path'-ik) [anti-; vevpov, 
nerve; iraBos, a disease]. 1. Efficient against nervous 
disorders. 2. A remedy efficient in nervous diseases. 

antineurotic (an-te-nii-rot'-ik) [anti-; vevpov, a 
nerve]. A remedy of service in nervous diseases. 

antineurotoxin (an-te-nu-ro-tok'-siri). A substance 
which inhibits or counteracts a neurotoxin. 

antiniad (an-tin'-e-ad) [anti-; IvLov, the nape of the 
neck]. Toward the antinion; glabellad. 

antinial (an-tin'-e-al) [anti-; ivlov, the nape of the 
neck]._ Pertaining to the antinion. 

antinien (an-tin'-e-en) [anti-; ivlov, the nape of the 
neck]. Belonging to the antinion in itself. 

antinion (an-tin'-e-on) [anti-; ivlov, the nape of 
the neck]. See craniometrical points. 

antinonnin (an-te-non'-in), CeH2 . (N02)2 . CH3OK, 
potassium orthodinitrocresylate. See dinitrocresol. 

antinosin (an-te-no'-sin) [anti-; voo-os, disease]. 
Tetraiodophenolphthalein, the soluble sodium salt of 
nosophen; it is a greenish-blue antiseptic powder, 
used in powder or in solutions of 1 : 1000, for 
irrigations or gargle. 

antiobesic (an-te-o-be'-sik) [anti-; obesity], 1. Ef- 
ficient against corpulence. 2. A remedy for cor- 
pulence. 

antiodontalgic (an-te-o-don-taV-jik) [anti-; 65ovs, 
tooth; a\7os, pain]. Curative of toothache. 

antiopsonin (an-te-op'-son-in). A substance re- 
tarding or destroying the action of an opsonin. 

antiorgastic (an-te-or-gas'-tik) [anti-; 6pya.o-p.6s, 
swelling, excitement]. Anaphrodisiac. 

antiotomia, antiotomy (an-te-o-to'-me-ah, an-te- 
ot'-om-e) [hvTLas, a tonsil; rkp.vtw, to cut]. Excision 
of the tonsils. 

antipaludean (an-te-pal-u'-de-an) [anti-; palus, 
a marsh]. Efficient against malarial diseases. 

antiparalytic (an-te-par-al-it'-ik) [anti-; paralysis]. 
1. Efficient against paralysis. An agent or remedy 
efficacious in paralysis. 

antiparasitic (an-te-par-as-it'-ik) [anti-; irapaocros, 
a parasite]. 1. Destroying parasites. 2. An agent 
destroying parasites. 

antiparastata (an-te-par-as'-tat-ah) [anti-; irapao-- 
t arris, testicle]. Cowper's glands. 

antiparastatitis (an-te-par-as-tat-i'-tis) [anti-; rapaa- 
■7-dTTjs, a testicle]. Inflammation of Cowper's glands. 

antipathic {an-te-path'-ik) [anti-; iraBos, disease]. 

1. A synonym of allopathic, both terms alike being 
rejected by the advocates of rational medicine. 

2. Producing contrary symptoms. 3. Antagonistic. 
4. Anodyne. 

antipathy (an-tip'-a-the) [anti-; iraBos, affection]. 
1. Aversion; an opposing property or quality. 2. 
Morbid disgust or repugnance for particular objects. 

3. Allopathy (q. v.). 4. An object exciting morbid 
dislike or aversion. 5. Chemical incompatibility. 
a., insensile, morbid repugnance excited by the 
presence of some object which was not perceived by 
any of the senses, a., sensile, morbid aversion 
aroused by some appreciable quality of the exciting 
object. 

{an-te-pep' -ton) [anti-; irkirreiv, to 
A variety of peptone not acted upon 



antipeptone 
cook; digest], 
by trypsin. 

antiperiodic 
going round] 



(an-te-pe-ri-od'-ik) [anti-; irtplobos, a 
1. Preventing periodic attacks of a 
disease. 2. A remedy against periodic disease, a. 
tincture, see Warburg's tincture. 

antiperistalsis (an-te-per-is-tal'-sis) [anti-; irepl, 
around; otoXo-Is, compression]. Reversed peristalsis; 
inverted or upward peristaltic action. 



70 ANTIPYRETIC 

antiperistaltic (an-te-per-is-tal'-tik) [see antiperi- 
stalsis]. Relating to antiperistalsis. 

antiperonosporin {an-te-per-o-nos' -por-in) . Topasol 
G. I, an antiseptic preparation of zinc and copper 
sulphates. 

antiphagin (an-lif'-a-jin) [anti-; phagocyte]. A 
substance formed in virulent bacteria which protects 
them against phagocytosis. 

antiphagocytic (an-te-fag-o-sit'-ik). Protecting 
against or preventing phagocytosis. 

antiphialtic {ant-if-e-aV -tik) [anti-; i<pidXrris, night- 
mare]. Preventive of nightmare. 

antiphlogistic (an-te-flo-jis'-tik) [anti-; <pX6yo>o-Ls, 
inflammatory heat]. 1. Counteracting fever. 2. An 
agent subduing or reducing inflammation or fever. 
3. Applied to the pneumatic theory of Lavoisier as 
having supplanted Stahl's phlogistic theory, a. 
treatment, bloodletting, the application of cold, the 
administration of antipyretics, etc. 

antiphlogistine (an-te-flo-jis'-tin) [see antiphlogistic]. 
Trade name of a paste said to consist of kaolin or 
purified clay, glycerol, and antiseptics; it is a sub- 
stitute for poultices. 

antiphlogosis {an-te-fio-go'-sis) [see antiphlogistic]. 

1. The reduction of inflammation. 2. Inflammation 
purposely excited to counteract other inflammation. 

antiphone (an'-te-fon) [anti-; <puvr), sound]. An 
appliance worn in the auditory meatus, and in- 
tended to protect the wearer from noises. 

antiphthiriac, antiphtheiriac (an-te-thi'-re-ak) [anti-; 
4>0eip, a louse]. 1. Efficient against lice or the con- 
dition caused by them. 2. An agent effective against 
lice. 

antiphthisic (an-le-liz'-ik) [anti-; <pdi<ris, a wasting]. 
Efficient against phthisis. An agent checking in 
phthisis. 

antiphthisin (an-te-ti'-sin). A modified tuberculin, 
made from the slight residue after precipitation with 
sodium bismuth iodide. 

antiphymin (an-te-fi'-min) [anti-; 4>vp.a, a tubercle]. 
Trade name of a preparation used in tuberculosis. 
It is said to consist of formaldehyde, ozone, sulphur 
dioxide. Used by inhalation in tuberculosis. 

antiphytosin (an-te-fi-to'-sin). A preparation re- 
sembling tuberculin. 

antipilus (an-te-pi'-lus) [anti-; pilus, a hair]. 
Trade name of a preparation for removing hair. 

antiplasis (an-te-pla'-sis). See antiplasm. 

antiplasm (an'-te-plazm) [anti-; irXao-fia, a thing 
molded]. 1. Formation according to a pattern. 

2. Remolding into the normal form, 
antiplastic (an-te-plas'-tik) [anti-; irXacro-eiv, to 

form]. 1. Unfavorable to granulation or to the 
healing process. 2. An agent impoverishing the 
blood : 3. Preventing or checking plastic exudation. 

antipruritic (an-te-plu-rit'-ik) [anti-; irXevplrrjs, 
pleurisy]. Overcoming pleurisy. 

antipneumonic (an-te-nii-mon'-ik) [anti-; pneu- 
monia]. Of value in treating pneumonia. 

antipneumotoxin (an-te-nu-mo-toks'-in). An anti- 
toxin opposing pneumotoxin. 

antipodagric (an-te-po-dag'-rik) [anti-; irodaypa, 
gout]. Efficacious against gout. 

antipodal (an-tip'-od-al) [anti-; irovs, a foot]. 
Situated directly opposite, a. cells, a term applied 
to a group of four cells formed in the lower end of 
the embryo-sac opposite to the cells constituting the 
egg-apparatus, a. cone, the cone of astral rays 
opposite to the spindle-fibers. 

antipraxia (an-te-praks'-e-ah) [anti-; irpao-ativ, to 
do]. Antagonism of functions or of symptoms. 

antiprecipitin (an-te-pre-sip'-it-in). A substance 
antagonistic. to a precipitin (q. v.). 

antiprostate (an-le-pros'-tat). See anteprostate. 

antipruritic (an-te-pru-rit'-ik) [anti-; pruritus, 
itching]. 1. Relieving the sensation of itching. 
2. A drug that relieves the sensation of itching. 

antipsoric (an-tip-so'-rik) [anti-; 4>6>pa, the itch]. 
Effective against itching or the itch. 

antiputrefactive (an-te-pu-tre-fak'-liv). See anti- 
septic. 

antipyic (an-te-pi'-ik) [anti-; irvov, pus]. Checking 
or restraining suppuration. 

antipyogenic (an-te-pi-o-jen'-ik) [anti-; irvov, pus; 
yewav, to form]. Preventing or counteracting sup- 
puration. 

antipyonin (an-te-pi'-on-in). Sodium tetraborate. 

antipyresis (an-te-pi-re'-sis) [anti-; irvperos, fever]. 
The reduction of fever by means of antipyretics. 

antipyretic (an-te-pi-ret'-ik) [see antipyresis]. 






ANTIPYRINE 



71 



ANTISPASMODIC 



i. Cooling; lowering the temperature. 2. An agent 
reducing temperature. The most important anti- 
pyretic agents are cold, diaphoretics, and the newer 
remedies, many of which are coal-tar products, such 
as antipyrine, acetanilide, phenacetin, etc. 

antipyrine, antipyrin (an-te-pi'-rin) [anti-; trvp, 
fever heat], C11H12N2O. Phenazone. The scientific 
name is dimethyloxychinicin-phenyldimethylpyra- 
zolon, or dihydrodimethylphenylpyrazine. An alka- 
loidal product of the destructive distillation of coal- 
tar. It may be produced by heating acetoacetic 
ester with methylphenylhydrazine. It is a grayish 
or reddish-white, crystalline powder, slightly bitter, 
soluble in water, alcohol, and chloroform, and crystal- 
lizes from an ethereal solution in shining leaflets 
melting at 113 . It reduces temperature, causes 
sweating, at times vomiting, peculiar eruptions, 
pruritus, coryza, etc. Not rarely a cyanotic con- 
dition of the face and hands is produced. Antipyrine 
is incompatible with nitrous compounds. It is a 
powerful antipyretic and analgesic. Dose 5-15 gr. 
(0.3-1.0 Gm.). a. bichloral, a trituration-product 
of 94 parts of antipyrine with 165.5 parts of chloral 
hydrate; it is hypnotic and analgesic. Maximum 
dose 45 gr. (3 Gm.). Syn., dichloralantipyrine. a. 
mandelate, a crystalline compound of antipyrine 
and amygdalic acid, used as a remedy for whooping- 
cough. Dose f-8 gr. (0.05-0.5 Gm.). Syn., tussol; 
phenylgly collate, a. salicylate, a. salol, a brown 
liquid obtained by fusing together equal parts of 
phenyl salicylate and antipyrine. It is recom- 
mended as an antiseptic, and as a hemostatic in 
uterine hemorrhage, applied by means of cotton 
tampons. Syn., salipyrine. a., test for, see Fieux. 

antipyrinomania (an-te-pi-rin-o-ma'-ne-ah) [anti-; 
irvperos, fever; fiavla, madness]. A condition similar 
to morphinism, due to excessive use of antipyrine. 
It is marked by nervous excitement. 

antipyrotic (an-te- pi-rot' -ik) [anti-; 7ri>pw<m, a 
burning]. 1. Efficacious against burns. 2. An 
agent curative of burns. 

antirabic (an-te-ra'-bik) [anti-; rabies, madness]. 
Preventing or curing rabies. 

antirennene (an-te-ren'-en). Morgenroth's name 
for the principle which appears in the blood of an 
animal following the introduction of rennet. It has 
the power of impeding the action of rennet on milk. 

antirheumatic (an-te-ru-mat'-ik) [anti-; rheuma- 
tism). Preventing or curing rheumatism. 

antirheumaticum (an-te-ru-maf -ik-um) . A com- 
pound of sodium salicylate and methylene-blue. 
It occurs in blue, prismatic crystals, soluble in water 
and alcohol. Dose i-if gr. (0.06-0.09 Gm.). 

antirheumatin (an-te-ru' -mat-in) . An ointment 
used in treatment of rheumatism, and said to contain 
fluorphenetol, 1 part; difluordiphenyl, 4 parts; 
vaselin, 10 parts; wool-fat, 85 parts. 

antirheumol (an-te-ru'-mol). A solution of the 
glycerin ester of salicylic acid in glycerin and alcohol. 
It is used as a liniment in rheumatism. 

antiricin (an-te-ris'-in). The antibody to ricin. 
Its action is inhibited by cold and accelerated by 
heat. 

antirrhachitic (an-te-rak-it'-ik) [anti-; pdx«, the 
spinel. Serviceable against rickets. 

antirrheoscope (an-te-re'-o-skop) [avrlppoia, a 
flowing back; (ricoireiv, to view]. J. J. Oppel's device 
for observing the manifestations of visual vertigo. 

Antirrhinum (an-te-ri'-num) [L.]. A genus of 
scrophulariaceous plants. A. linaria, called also 
Linaria vulgaris, toadflax, ramsted, "butter-and- 
eggs," is a herbaceous plant of Europe and North 
America; diuretic, cathartic, and irritant; used as a 
poultice and fomentation. 

antiscabin (an-te-ska'-bin). A preparation said 
to consist of beta-naphthol, balsam of Peru, soap, 
glycerin, boric acid, and alcohol. It is used in the 
treatment of scabies. 

antiscabious (an-te-ska'-be-us) [anti, against; sca- 
bies]. _ Effective against the itch. 

antiscarlatinal (an-te-skar-lat'-in-al) [anti, against; 
scarlatina]. Efficient against scarlet fever. 

antiscirrhous (an-te-skir'-us). Efficient against 
scirrhus. 

antisclerosin (an-te-skle-ro'-sin). Trade name of a 
preparation of various inorganic salts, similar to 
Trunecek's serum, used in arteriosclerosis to lessen 
the intra-arterial pressure. 

antiscolic (an-te-skol'-ik) [&.vri, against; c/cwXtj^, a 
worm]. Vermifuge. See anthelmintic. 



antiscorbutic (an-te-skor-bic'-tik) [anti-; scorbutus, 
scurvy]. 1. Effective against scurvy. 2. A remedy 
useful in scurvy. 

antisecosis (an-te-sek-o'-sis) [anti-; aijKoeiv, to 
weigh, balance]. 1. A restoration of health, strength, 
etc. 2. Regulation of the food. 

antisensibilisin (an-te-sen-sib-iV -is-in) . One of 
the substances in an antigen. 

antisensitizer (an-te-sen'-sit-i-zer). In Ehrlich's 
side-chain theory, a substance antagonistic in its 
action to that of the intermediary body or sensitizer. 

antisepsin (an-te-sep'-sin) [anti-; o-f)4/is, putre- 
faction], Ce^BrNHGzHsO. Asepsin; bromated 
acetanilide; soluble in alcohol and ether, insoluble 
in water. It is antipyretic, analgesic, and antiseptic. 
Dose 6-7 gr. (0.39-0.45 Gm.). 

antisepsis (an-te-sep'-sis) [see antisepsin]. Ex- 
clusion of the germs that cause putrefaction. 

antiseptic (an-te-sep' -tik) [see antisepsin]. 1. Hav- 
ing power to prevent the growth of the bacteria 
upon which putrefaction depends. 2. An agent 
that prevents development of bacteria. Among the 
principal antiseptics are mercuric chloride, creolin, 
phenol, iodoform, thymol, salicylic acid, boric acid, 
formaldehyde, and potassium permanganate, a. 
gauze, open cotton cloth charged with an antiseptic. 
a. ligature, catgut or other material rendered aseptic 
by soaking in antiseptic solutions, a. treatment of 
wounds, this looks to thorough antisepsis as regards 
the wound, the instruments, the operator's hands, 
ths dressings, etc. 

antisepticin (an-te-sep'-tis-in). Trade name of an 
antiseptic mixture containing benzoic and boric 
acids, thymol and eucalyptol. 

antisepticism (an-te-sep' -tis-izm) [see antisepsin]. 
The theory or systematic employment of antiseptic 
methods. 

antisepticize (an-te-sep' -tis-lz) [see antisepsin]. 
To render antiseptic; to treat with antiseptics. 

antisepticol (an-te-sep' -tik-ol). Trade name of a 
liquid antiseptic said to contain boric acid, sodium 
borate, benzoic acid, thymol, eucalyptol, menthol 
and oil wintergreen. 

antiseptin (an-te-sep' -tin) [see antisepsin]. 1. Zinc 
borothymoliodide. It consists of 85 parts zinc 
sulphate, 2.5 parts each of zinc iodide and thymol, 
and 10 parts boric acid. It is an antiseptic. 2. A 
proprietary preparation said to consist of sodium or 
potassium silicate, 2 parts, and a 0.1 % solution of 
mercuric chloride, 1 part. 

antiseptol (an-te-sep' -tol) [see antisepsin], Cin- 
chonine iodosulphate, an odorless and fairly effective 
substitute for iodoform. 

antiserum (ante-se'-rum). A serum having the 
power of agglutinating and precipitating another 
serum, a. method, a method of differentiating 
human from other blood; modified Uhlenhuth's 
antiserum method. Human blood-serum is injected 
into the peritoneal cavity of rabbits in doses of 10 Cc. 
every 8 or 10 days. After 6 injections their blood is 
collected and preserved on ice; the serum is pipeted 
off after 24 hours. Some rabbits, as control-animals, 
are not injected. The blood to be tested is, if dried, 
first dissolved, and then, as is fluid blood, diluted 
with ordinary water and salt solution. Several 
drops of the test-serum are added and the tubes 
placed at a temperature of 35 . If the blood to be 
tested is human, a turbidity appears invariably; if 
not human, it remains clear. 

antisialagogue, antisialagog (an-le-si-al'-a-gog) [an- 
ti-; alaKov, saliva; ayuyos, leading]. 1. Preventing 
or checking salivation. 2. A remedy that is effective 
against salivation. 

antisialic (an-te-si-al'-ik) [anti-; a-LaXov, saliva], 
1. Checking the flow of saliva. 2. An agent that 
checks the secretion of saliva. 

antisideric (an-te-sid-er'-ik) [anti-; aldepos, iron]. 
1. Incompatible with iron and counteracting its 
effects; impoverishing the blood. 2. An agent or 
drug opposed to the action of iron; one which im- 
poverishes the blood. 

antispasmin (an-le-spaz'-min) , C23H26NOsNa + 
3NaC?H603. A compound of 1 molecule of narceine 
sodium united with 3 molecules of sodium sali- 
cylate, occurring as a white, slightly hygroscopic 
powder containing about 50 % of narceine. It is 
sedative and hypnotic. Dose i-i 5 gr. (0.01-9.1 
Gm.). 

antispasmodic (an-le-spaz-mod'-ik) [anti-; <Tira.trp.es, 
a spasm]. 1. Tending to relieve spasm. 2. An agent 



ANTISPASTIC 



72 



ANTIVIVISECTION 



relieving convulsions or spasmodic pains, as the 
narcotics, the nitrites, etc. 

antispastic (an-te-spas'-tik) [anti-; airaaTiicos, draw- 
ing], i. Revulsive; counter irritant. 2. Antispas- 
modic. 3- A revulsive agent. 4. An antispasmodic. 

antispermotoxin (an-ie-spur-mo-toks'-in). A sub- 
stance opposed in its action to spermotoxin. 

antispirochetic (an-te-spi-ro-ke'-tik) [anti-; spiro- 
chete, a genus of bacteria]. 1. Arresting the action 
of spirochetes. 2. An agent having this power. 

antisplenetic (an-te-splen-et'-ik) [anti-; splen, the 
spleen]. Remedial in diseases of the spleen. 

antistapbylolysin (an-te-staf-il-oV -is-in) [anti-; sta- 
phylococci, a genus of bacteria; Xu<ris, a loosing]. 
A substance antagonistic to the toxic products of 
staphylococci, contained in healthy blood-serum. 

antistasis (an-tis'-tas-is) [anti-; <rrdo-«, a standing]. 
Opposition; opposing effect. 

antistatic (an-tis-tat'-ik). Antagonistic. 

antisternum (an-le-stur'-num). The part of the 
back opposite the breast. 

antistreptococcic {an-te-strep-to-kok'-sik) [anti-; 
streptococci, a genus of bacteria]. Antagonistic to or 
preventing the action of streptococci. 

antistreptococcin {an-te-strep-to-kok'-sin). 1. The 
streptococcus-antitoxin. 2. A serum used in ery- 
sipelas. 

antistrumous (an-te-stru'-mus) [anti-; struma, a 
scrofulous tumor]. Effective against struma or 
scrofula. 

antisudoral (an-te-su'-dor-al) [anti-; sudor, sweat]. 
Checking the secretion of sweat. 

antisudorific (an-te-su-dor-if'-ik) [anti-; against; 
sudor, sweat; facer e, to make]. Checking the excre- 
tion of sweat. 

antisudorin (an-te-su'-dor-in) [anti-; sudor, sweat]. 
A proprietary mixture said to consist of boric, citric, 
and salicylic acids, borax, glycerin, alcohol, distilled 
water, and several ethers; it is used to diminish 
sweating of the feet. 

antisyphilitic (an-te-sif-il-it'-ik) [anti-; syphilis]. 
1. Effective against syphilis. 2. A remedy used 
in the treatment of syphilis. 

antitabetic. An agent used to mitigate or aid in 
the cure of tabes dorsalis. 

antitetanic (an-te-tet-an'-ik). Noting an agent 
used to mitigate or aid in the cure of tetanus. 

antithenar (an-te-the'-nar) [anti-; dkvap, the flat 
of the hand or the sole of the foot]. 1. Opposite to 
thenar. 2. A muscle that extends the thumb or 
opposes it to the hand; an antithenar muscle, a. 
eminence, the border of the palm of the hand from 
the base of the little finger to the wrist, a. muscles, 
of the toe and of the thumb; the abductor pollicis 
pedis and the flexor brevis pollicis manus; also, the 
first dorsal interosseous muscle. 

antithermic (an-te-ther'-mik) [anti-; depp.11, heat]. 
Cooling; antipyretic. 

antithermin (an-te-ther'-min) [see antithermic], 
C11H14O2N2. Phenylhydrazinlevulinic acid, a coal- 
tar derivative used as an antipyretic, analgesic, and 
antiseptic. Dose 5 gr. (0.3 Gm.). 

antithermolin (an-te-ther' -mo-lin) . Trade name of 
clay preparation used as an anodyne and antiphlo- 
gistic. 

antithrombin (an-te-throm' -bin) . A substance of 
the nature of a ferment, having the power of retarding 
or preventing coagulation. 

antithyroidin (an-te-thi-roid'-in). See serum, thy- 
roid. 

antitonic (an-te-ton' -ik) . 1. Counteracting the 
effects of a tonic. 2. A drug having opposite effects 
to those of a tonic. 3- Diminishing tone or tonicity. 

antitoxic (an-te-toks'-ik) [anti-; to^ikov, poison]. 
Antidotal; counteracting poisons. 

antitoxigen (an-te-tok' -sij-en) [antitoxin; yewav, to 
produce]. Any substance which induces the pro- 
duction or increase of antitoxin in the blood. 

antitoxin (an-te-toks' -in) [see antitoxic]. 1. A 
counterpoison or antidote elaborated by the body to 
counteract the toxins of bacteria. According to 
some authorities, antitoxins are, like the toxins, 
bacterial products. Antitoxins are used in the 
treatment of certain infectious diseases and also to 
confer immunity against these diseases. 2. The com- 
mercial name for a fine white powder said to be a 
coal-tar product and used as an analgesic and anti- 
pyretic. Dose 10-15 gr. (0.65-1.0 Gm.) in from 
1 to 4 hours, a., artificial, an antitoxin prepared by 
passing an electric current through a toxic bouillon. 



a., diphtheria, one prepared from the blood-serum 
of an animal inoculated with Bacillus diphtheria. 
a., tetanus, one prepared from the blood-serum of an 
animal inoculated with Bacillus tetani. a. unit, 10 
times the amount of serum requisite to neutralize 
completely 10 times the minimum fatal dose of 
diphtheria toxin in a half-grown guinea-pig; or the 
amount of antitoxin which, when inoculated into a 
guinea-pig of 250 Gm. weight, will neutralize 100 
times the minimum fatal dose of toxin of standard 
weight. 

antitragic (an-te-lraj'-ik) [anti-; rpayos, the tragus]. 
Pertaining to the antitragus. a. muscle, a mere 
rudiment in man; it arises from the antitragus, and 
extends to the cauda of the helix. 

antitragus (an-te-tra'-gus). An eminence of the 
external ear opposite the tragus. 

antitrismus (an-te-tris'-mus) [anti-; rpttr/xos. a 
creaking]. A condition of tonic spasm in which the 
open mouth cannot be closed. 

antitrope (an'-te-trop) [anti-; rpkireiv, to turn]. 
Organs arranged to form a symmetrical pair. Thus 
the right eye is an antitrope to the left. 2. An 
antibody. 

antitropin (an-te-tro'-pin). An antibody. 

antitrypsin (an-te-trip'-sin). An antibody in- 
hibiting the action of trypsin. 

antitryptic (an-te-trip'-tik). 1. A ferment inimical 
to bacteria. 2. Antagonistic to proteolysis. 

antitryptic index. The power of any given serum 
to inhibit tryptic digestion as compared with that 
possessed by a normal standard serum. It is said to 
be raised in cancerous conditions, and it is used to 
differentiate gastric cancer from gastric ulcer. 

antituberculin (an-te-tu-ber'-ku-lin). Antibodies 
found in the sera of individuals who have been 
treated with tuberculin. 

antituberculotic (an-te-tu-ber*ku-lot' -ik) [anti-; 
tuberculum, a tubercle]. Good against tuberculosis. 

antitulase {an-te-tu'-las). An immunizing serum 
for tuberculosis obtained from animals which have 
been injected with tulase. 

antituman {an-te-tu'-man). Trade name of a 
cancer remedy containing sodium chondroitin sul- 
phate. Dose 1 to 2 grains. 

antitussin (an-t'e-tus' -in) [anti ; tussis, cough]. 
An ointment consisting of difluordiphenyl 5 parts; 
vaselin, 10 parts, and lanolin, 85 parts; used as an 
application in catarrh. 

antitussive (an-te-tus'-iv) [anti-; tussis, cough], 
i. Relieving or preventing cough. 2. A remedy for 
cough. 

antityphoid (an-te-ti'-foid). Opposed to typhoid. 
a. extract, a preparation obtained by injecting re- 
peatedly cultures of typhoid bacilli of increasing 
virulence into the peritoneal cavity of rabbits. The 
animals are killed as soon as they do not react to 
poisonous doses, and extracts are made of the thymus, 
spleen, bone-marrow, brain, and spinal cord, by 
soaking these organs in a solution of salt, glycerol, 
and alcohol, with the addition of some pepsin. The 
filtrate is injected in typhoid cases. 

antitypic (an-te-tip'-ik) [anti-; tvwos, a type]. 
1. Efficient against the periodic recurrence of a 
paroxysm or fever. 2. Irregular; not conformable to 
a type. 3. An antiperiodic. 

antiuratic (an-te-u-rat'-ik). 1. Efficacious against 
the deposition of urates. 2. An agent that prevents 
the deposit of urates. 

antiurease (an-li-u'-re-as). An antibody to urease. 

antivenene, antivenin {an-te-ven'-en, -in) [anti-; 
venenum, poison]. A serum perfected by Calmette 
by injecting cobra venom mixed with solutions of 
calcium hypochlorite into horses. It is used in 
doses of 2-i~5 dr. (10-20 Cc.) in bites of venomous 
serpents. 

antivenereal {an-te-ven-e'-re-al) [anti-; venereus, 
pertaining to Venus, or to sexual intercourse]. 
Antisyphilitic; anaphrodisiac. 

antivenomous (an-te-ven'-om-us). Antagonistic to 
venom; a term applied to immunized animals, to 
certain serums, and to antitoxins. 

antivermicular (an-te-vur-mik'-u-lar) [anti-; vermis, 
a worm]. Anthelmintic. 

antiverminous (an-te-vur' -min-us) . See antivermi- 
cular. 

antivirulent (an-le-vir'-u-lent) [anti-; virus, a 
poison]. Effective against viruses. 

antivivisection (an-te-viv-is-ek'-shun). Opposition 
to vivisection or animal experimentation. 



ANTIVIVISECTIONIST 



73 



AORTA 



antivivisectionist (an-te-viv-is-ek'-shun-ist) [anti-; 
vivus, living; sectio, a cutting]. One who opposes 
the practice of vivisection. 

antizymotic (an-le-zi-mot'-ik) [anti-; fuyuwo-is, fer- 
mentation], i. Preventing or checking fermentation. 
2. An agent preventing the process of fermentation; 
an antiferment. 

antlia (ant'-le-ah) [ava, up; rXaeiv, to lift]. A 
syringe or pump. a. gastrica, a stomach pump. 
a. lactea, a pump for drawing milk from the breast. 
a. mammaria, same as a. lactea. 

antocular (ant-ok' -u-lar) [ante, before; oculus, the 
eye]. Situated in front of the eye. 

antodontalgic (an-lo-don-tal'-jik). See antiodontal- 
gic. 

antodyne (an'-to-dln). Trade name of an analgesic 
and sedative, derived from phenol. Dose 7% grains 
(0.5 gr.). 

antophthalmic (ant-off-thal'~mik) [anti-; 6<f>9a\fiia. 
ophthalmia]. Preventive or curative of ophthalmia, 

antorbital (ant-orb' -il-al) [ante, before; orbita, the 
orbit]. Lbcated in front of the orbit. 

antorgastic (ant-or-gas'-tik). See antiorgastic. 

antozenic (ant-o-ze'-nik) [anti-; &£eiv, to smell]. 
Curative of ozena. 

antozone (ant-o-zon) [anti-; 6few, to smell]. An 
imaginary allotropic modification of oxygen, now 
known to be only hydrogen dioxide. 

antozostomatic (ant-o-zos-to-mat'-ik) [and-; 6£6a- 
touos, having a foul breath]. Corrective of a foul 
breath. 

antra (an'-trah). Plural of antrum, q. v. 

antracele (an'-tra-sel) [antrum; 107X77, a tumor]. 
Dropsy of the antrum; an accumulation of fluid in 
the maxillary sinus. 

antral (an'-tral) [antrum]. Relating to an antrum. 

antrectomy (an-trek'-to-me) [antrum; e/cro^i?, ex- 
cision]. Surgical removal of the walls of an antrum, 
especially the mastoid antrum. 

antritis (an-tri'-tis) [antrum; ins, inflammation]. 
Inflammation of an antrum, especially the antrum of 
Highmore. 

antroatticotomy (an-tro-at-ik-ot'-o-me). The opera- 
tion of opening the mastoid antrum and the attic of 
the tympanum. 

antrocele (an'-tro-sel). See antracele. 

antronalgia (an-tron-al'-je-ah) [antrum; aXyos, 
pain]. Pain in the antrum. 

antronasal (an-tro' '-na-zal) . Pertaining to the 
antrum of Highmore and the nasal fossa. 

antrophore (an'-tro-for). Cacao-butter bougies, 
containing tannin, 5 %; r'esorcinol, 5 %; thallin sul- 
phate, 2 to 5 %; zinc sulphate, 0.5 %. 

antrophose (an'-tro-foz) [avrpov, a cavity; <j>&s, 
light]. A phose having its origin in the central 
ocular mechanism. 

antrorse (an-trors') [ante, before; versus, turned]. 
In biology, directed upward or forward. 

antroscope (an'-lro-skop) [antrum; oKoirelv, to 
look]. An instrument for examining the maxillary 
sinus. 

antroscopy (an-tros'-ko-pe). Inspection of the 
antrum by means of an antroscope. 

antroto'me (an'-tro-tom) [antrum; rkuvew, to cut]. 
An instrument for the performance of mastoid 
antrotomy. 

antrotomy (an-lrot'-o-me). Incision of an antrum. 

antrotympanic (an-tro-tim-pan'-ik) [antrum; rvp.- 
■Kavov, a drum]. Relating to the cavity of the tym- 
panum and to the tympanic antrum. 

antrotympanitis (an-tro-tim-pan-i'-tis) [avrpov, a 
cave; rvfiwavov, a drum]. Chronic purulent otitis 
media. 

antrum (an'-tru?n) [L.]. 1. A cavity or hollow 
space, especially in a bone. 2. The antrum of 
Highmore. a., cardiac, Luschka's name for a 
dilatation sometimes found in the esophagus imme- 
diately above its passage through the diaphragm. 
a., dental, pulp-cavity of a tooth, a., duodenal, 
the normal dilatation presented by the duodenum 
near its origin, a. ethmoidal, the ethmoid sinus, a. 
of Highmore, a cavity in the superior maxillary 
bone. Syn., antrum gencz. a. Highmori testis, see 
mediastinum testis. a., mastoid, the hollow space 
beneath the roof of the mastoid process, a., maxil- 
lary, see a. of Highmore. a. pyloricum Willisii, the 
cavity of the pylorus, a. tubae, a sac-like dilatation of 
the Fallopian tube about an inch from the fimbriated 
extremity, regarded by some as occurring only in 
pregnancy, a. tympanicum, the mastoid antrum. 



Antyllus' method for aneurysm [Antyllus, a Greek 
physician of the third century A. D.]. It consists in 
ligation above and below the sac, followed by opening 
of the aneurysm and evacuation of its contents. 

anuresis (an-u-re'-sis) [av, priv.; ovpov, urine]. 
Anuria. 

anuretic (an-u-ret'-ik) [see anuresis]. Pertaining 
to or affected with anuria. 

anuria (an-u'-re~aK) [see anuresis]. Suppression 
of the urine. 

anuric (an-u'-rik) [see anuresis]. Pertaining to 
anuria. 

anurous (an-u'-rus) [av, /priv.; ovpd, a tail]. With- 
out a tail. 

anus (a'-nus) [L., "the fundament"]. The ex- 
tremity of the rectum; the lower opening of the 
alimentary canal, a., artificial, an opening estab- 
lished from the bowel to the exterior at a point above 
the normal anus, most commonly from the colon, 
either in the lumbar or in the iliac region, a., fissure 
of, a slight tear in the mucous membrane at the anus, 
usually due to passage of hardened feces. It is very 
painful, a., fistula of, fistula in ano, a sinus opening 
from the rectum into the connective tissue about the 
rectum or discharging externally, a., imperforate, 
absence of the anus, the natural opening being closed 
by a membranous septum, a., infundibuliform, a 
relaxed condition of the anus with destruction of 
the natural folds, a., preternatural, an abnormal 
aperture serving as an anus, whether congenital, 
made by operation, or due to disease or injury. Syn., 
fecal fistula; anus prceternaturalis. a., preternatural 
ileovaginal, a., preternatural vaginal, a. praeter- 
naturalis vestibularis, the rare abnormity of the 
rectum opening through the vulva, a., Rusconi's, 
the blastopore, a., umbilical, a preternatural anus 
located in the umbilical region, a. vulvovaginalis, 
an anal opening communicating with the vulva. 

anusol (an'-us-ol). Trade name for suppositories 
of bismuth iodoresorcinsulphonate; used in rectal 
diseases. 

anvil (an'-vil). See incus. 

anxietas (ang-zi'-et-as). See anxiety, a. tibiae, 
a. tibiarum. 1. An annoying sensation of restlessness 
in the muscles of the legs noted in neurasthenia. 
2. An_ irregular movement of the legs. Syn., fidgets. 

anxiety (ang-zi'-et-e) [anxius, anxious], Restless- 
ness, agitation and general malaise, or distress, 
often attended with precordial pain, and a notice- 
able appearance of apprehension or worry visible in 
the features. 

anydremia, anydraemia (an-id-re'-me-ah). See 
anhydremia. 

anypnia (an-ip'-ne-ah) [av, priv.; vtrvos, sleep], 
Sleeplessness. 

anytin (an'-it-in). See anitin. 

anytol. See anitol. 

AOC. Abbreviation of anodic opening contrac- 
tion. 

aochlesia (ah-ok-le'-ze-ah) [a., priv.; oxXjya-is, dis- 
turbance]. Rest; tranquillity; catalepsy. 

aol (a'-ol). Trade name of a derivative of san- 
talum album. 

A. O. M. Abbreviation for Master of Obstetric 
Art. 

aorta (a-ort'-ah) [aoprri, aorta]. The large vessel 
arising from the left ventricle and distributing, by 
its branches, arterial blood to every part of the body. 
It ends by bifurcating into the common iliacs at the 
fourth lumbar vertebra. The arch, that extending 
from the heart to the third dorsal vertebra, is divided 
into an ascending, a transverse, and a descending part. 
The thoracic portion extends to the diaphragm; the 
abdominal, to the bifurcation, a., cardiac, that part 
of the embryonic vascular system giving rise to the 
aortic arches, a. chlorotica, a narrowing of the aorta, 
sometimes found in chlorotic patients, a., dorsad. 
1. The embryonic vessel formed by the junction of 
the two primitive aortas. Syn., primordial aorta; 
subyertebral aorta. 2. The thoracic aorta, a., in- 
ferior, the abdominal aorta, a., left, the embryonic 
division of the vascular system which finally becomes 
the aorta, a., main, the embryonic vessel formed 
by the junction of the two primitive aortas, a., 
pectoral, the thoracic aorta, a., pelvic, the middle 
sacral artery, a., pericardiac, the part of the aorta 
within the pericardial cavity, a., primitive. 1. That 
part of the aorta extending from its origin to the 
point where it first branches. 2. Two embryonic 
branches of the cardiac aorta extending through the 



AORTAL 



74 



APHACIC 



first visceral arch and uniting to form the dorsal 
aorta, a., right, the embryonic division of the 
aortic bulb which finally forms the pulmonary artery. 
a., root of, the origin of the aorta at the heart. Syn., 
radix aorta, a., superior, the thoracic aorta, a., 
systemic, see a., left, a., thoracic, see under aorta. 

aortal (a-or.t'-al) [see aorta]. Relating to the aorta. 

aortarctia (a-ort-ark'-she-ah) [aoprij, aorta; arctare. 
to constrict]. A constriction or stenosis of the aorta, 

aortectasia (a-ort-ek-ta'-ze-ah) [aoprri, aorta; e*c, 
out; tAo-is, a stretching]. Aortic dilatation. 

aorteurysma (a-ori-u-riz'-mah) [aoprri, aorta; 
evpvap.a, a widening: pi., aorteurysmata]. Aortic 
aneurysm or dilatation. 

aortic {a-ort'-ik) [see aorta]. Pertaining to the 
aorta, a. arch, see aorta and arch. a. area, the 
part of the thorax about the second right costal 
cartilage, where the aortic murmurs and sounds are 
best heard, a. foramen, see a. opening of diaphragm. 
a. murmur, a murmur produced by disease of the 
aortic valves, a. opening of diaphragm, the aperture 
in, or really behind, the diaphragm, through which 
the aorta passes, a. opening of heart, the opening 
between the heart and the aorta, a. plexus, the 
plexus of sympathetic nerves, situated on the front 
and sides of the aorta, between the origins of the 
superior and inferior mesenteric arteries, a. sinus, 
a deep depression between the leaflets of the aortic 
valve and the aortic wall. a. valve, the three semi- 
lunar valves closing the aortic opening during the 
cardiac diastole. 

aortism (a-or'-tizm). A liability to disease of the 
aorta. 

aortitis (a-ort-i'-tis) [aorta; tr«, inflammation]. 
Inflammation of the aorta, a., nummular, that 
characterized by white, circular patches in the inner 
coat. 

aortoclasia, aortoclasis (a-or-to-kla' -ze-ah, -sis) 
[aorta; kAcwis, a breaking]. Rupture of the aorta. 

aortolith, aortolite (a-or'-to-lith, -lit) [aorta; Xi0os, 
a stone]. A calculus formed in the aorta. 

aortolithia (a-or-to-lith'-e-ah). A calcareous depo- 
sition in the aorta. 

aortomalacia, aortomalaxia (a-ort-o-mal-a'-se-ah, 
-aks'-e-ah) [aorta; p.a\aKia, softening]. Softening of 
the aorta. 

aortopathy (a-ort-op'-ath-e) [aorta; iraSos, disease]. 
Any disease of the aorta. 

aortoptosis, aortoptosia (a-or-top-to'-sis, -to'-ze-ah) 
[aorta; nrr&o-Ls, a falling]. A drooping of the abdominal 
aorta associated with visceroptosis. 

aortosclerosis (a-orl-o-skle-ro'-sis) [aorta; aicXr/pos, 
hard]. Induration of the aorta. 

aortostenosis {a-ort-o-sten-o'-sis) [aorta; <rrev6s, 
narrow]. Stenosis or narrowing of the aorta. 

aosmic (a-oz'-mik) [a, priv.; bo-p.ii, smell]. Having 
no odor. 

apaconitine (ap-ak-on'-it-in) . See apoaconitine. 

apagma (ap-ag'-mah) [and, from; ayvvpai, to 
break; pi., apagmata]. i. Separation, as of a fractured 
bone. 2. The part separated. 

apallagin (ap-aV -aj-in) [airaWayr), deliverance]. 
An antiseptic mercury salt of nosophen (q. v.). 

apandria (ap-an'-dre-ah) [&ir6, from; avr)p, a man]. 
Morbid dislike of the male sex. 

apanthropia {ap-an-thro'-pe-ah). See apanthropy. 

apanthropy (ap-an' -thro-pe) [airo, from; avdpuiros, 
man]. Aversion to society; morbid desire for solitude. 

aparthrosis (ap-ar-thro'-sis) [airo, from; apdpov, a 
joint], i. Dislocation; luxation of a joint. 2. In 
anatomy, diarthrosis. 

apastia (ap-as'-te-ah) [dirao-rla, fasting]. Abstinence 
from food, as a symptom of mental disorder. 

apathetic (ap-ath-et'-ik) [&, priv.; irados, feeling]. 
Affected with apathy; listless; without emotion. 

apathy (ap'-ath-e) [a, priv.; ir&Bos, feeling]. In- 
sensibility; want of passion or feeling. 

apatropine {ap-af -ro-pen) [airo, from; atropine], 
C17H21NO2. A compound derived from atropine by 
the action of nitric acid. It is said to produce 
peculiar convulsions. 

ape (jap) [ME.]. A man-like monkey, a. fissures, 
those fissures of the human brain that are also found 
in apes, a.-hand, a peculiar shape of the hand 
produced by the wasting of the thumb-muscles; it is 
seen in some cases of progressive muscular atrophy. 

apella (ap-el'-lah) [a, priv.; ireXXa, skin]. A cir- 
cumcised person; one with a short prepuce. 

apellous (ah-pel'-us) [d, priv.; 71-eXXa, skin]. 1. Skin- 
less. 2. Without a prepuce; circumcised. 



apenta {ah-pen' 'Adh) . A Hungarian aperient water. 

apepsia (ah-pep' -se-ah) [d, priv.; irkirreiv, to digest]. 
Cessation or absence of the digestive function, a., 
hysterical, apepsia due to hysteria. Syn., hysterical 
anorexia. . a. nervosa, see anorexia nervosa. 

apepsinia (ah-pep-sin'-e-ah). [a, priv.; pepsin]. 
Absence of pepsin or pepsinogen from the gastric 
juice. 

apeptic (ah-pep'-tik) [see apepsia]. Affected with 
apepsia. 

apeptous {ah-pep' -tus) [d, priv.; irkirreiv, to digest]. 
1. Crude, indigestible, uncooked. 2. Apeptic. 

aperception {ap-ur-sep' -shun) . See apperception. 

apergol (ap-er'-gol). A preparation containing 
apiol, ergotin, oil of savine, and aloin. 

aperient (ap-e'-ri-ent) [aperire, to open]. 1. Laxa- 
tive; mildly purgative. 2. A mild purgative; a 
laxative. 

aperiodic (ah-pe-re-od'-ik) [&, priv.; irepwdos, a 
circuit]. Not periodic. 

aperistalsis {ah-per-is-taV-sis) [d, priv.; irepi, 
around; <rrdX<ns, constriction]. Cessation of the 
peristaltic movements of the intestine. 

aperitive (ap-er'-it-iv) [aperire, to open]. 1. Aperi- 
ent. 2. Deobstruent. p 3. Stimulating the appetite; 
an appetizer, a., hygienic, hygienic measures for 
stimulating the appetite. 

aperitol (ap-er'-it-ol). A proprietary purgative 
consisting of the acetate and valerate of phenolphtha- 
lein. Dose 6 gr. (0.4 gm.). 

apertometer (ap-ur-tom'-et-er) [aperture; p.krpov, a 
measure]. An optic device for determining the angle 
of aperture of microscopic objectives. 

apertor (ap-er'-tor) [L., an opener or beginner]. 
In anatomy, anything that opens, a. oculi, the 
levator palpebral muscle. 

apertura (ap-er-tu'-rah). An opening, a. anterior 
ventriculi tertii cerebri, the vulva cerebri, a. aquae- 
ductus cochleae, opening of aqueduct of cochlea on 
the petrous bone. a. chordae, the internal opening 
of the canal for the chorda tympani nerve, a. 
canalis inguinalis, the inguinal ring. a. declivis, 
the anus. a. externa aquaeductus vestibuli, external 
opening of the aqueduct of the vestibule, a. externa 
canaliculi cochleae, external opening of the canaliculus 
of the cochlea, a. inferior canaliculi tympanici, 
inferior opening of tympanic canaliculus, a. lateralis 
ventriculi quarti, the foramen of Key and Retzius. 
a. medialis ventriculi quarti, the foramen of Magen- 
die. a. narium, same as nares. a. pelvis (minoris) 
inferior, lower opening of lesser pelvis (O. T. pelvic 
outlet), a. pelvis (minoris) superior, upper opening 
of lesser pelvis (O. T. pelvic inlet), a. pelvis superior, 
the superior strait of the pelvis, a. piriformis, piri- 
form opening (O. T. anterior nares). a. scalae 
vestibuli cochleae, an opening between the vestibule 
and the scala vestibuli of the cochlea, a. sinus 
sphenoidalis, opening of sphenoidal sinus, a. 
spinalis, the vertebral foramen, a. superior canali- 
culi tympanici, opening for the smaller petrosal 
nerve, a. thoracis inferior, lower thoracic opening. 
a. thoracis superior, upper thoracic opening, a. 
tympanica canaliculi chordae, opening of the iter 
chordae posterius into the tympanum, a. uterina, 
opening of the Fallopian tube into the uterus. 

aperture {ap'-er-chilr) [apertura, an opening]. 
An opening, a., angular, in the microscope, the 
angle formed between a luminous point placed in 
focus and the most divergent rays that are capable 
of pasng through the entire system of an objective. 
a., numerical, the capacity of an objective for ad- 
mitting rays from the object and transmitting them 
to the image. 

apex (a'-peks) [L., "the extreme end of a thing"; 
pi., apices]. The summit or top of anything; the 
point or extremity of a cone. a. auriculae (Darwini), 
tip of the auricle of the ear. a.-beat, the impulse 
of the heart felt in the fifth intercostal space, about 
3 1 inches from the middle of the sternum, a. capituli 
fibulae, apex of the head of the fibula; the styloid 
process of the fibula, a. cartilaginis arytaenoideae, 
tip of the artenoid cartilage, a. columnae posterioris, 
apex of the posterior column, a. cordis, the apex 
of the heart, a. linguae, up of the tongue, a. of 
the lung, the upper extremity of the lung behind the 
border of the first rib. a. murmur, a murmur heard 
over the apex of the heart, a. nasi, the tip of the 
nose. a. radicis dentis, apex of the root of a tooth. 

aphacia (ah-fa'-se-ah). See aphakia. 

aphacic (ah-fa'-sik). See aphakic. 



APHAGIA 



75 



APHTHA 



aphagia (ah-fa'-je-ah) [&, priv.; 4>a.y(:Zv, to eat]. 
Inability to eat or to swallow. 

aphakia (ah-fa'-ke-ah) [&, priv.; <t>ai<6s, a lentil; 
the crystalline lens]. The condition of an eye 
without the lens. 

aphakic (ah-fa'-kik) [see aphakia]. Not possessing 
a crystalline lens. 

aphalangiasis {ah-fa-lan-ji'-as-is) [a, priv.; <t>a\ay£, 
phalanx]. The loss or absence of fingers and toes, 
as in leprosy. Cf. ainhum. . 

aphasia (ah-fa'-ze-ah) [&, priv.; <f>aais, speech]. 
Partial or complete loss of the power of expressing 
ideas by means of speech or writing. Aphasia may 
be either motor or sensory. Motor or ataxic aphasia 
consists in a loss of speech owing to inability to 
execute the various movements of the mouth neces- 
sary to speech, the muscles not being properly co- 
ordinated, owing to disease of the cortical center. 
It is usually associated with agraphia, . "aphasia of 
the hand," inability to write, and right-sided hemi- 
plegia. Some aphasiacs can write, but are unable 
to articulate words or sentences; this variety is 
variously named aphemia, alalia, or anarthria, 
according as the impairment of speech is more or 
less marked. Charcot supposes the center for 
articulate language divided into 4 subcenters — 
a visual center for words, an auditory center for 
words, a motor center of articulate language, and a 
motor center of written language. Lesions of one 
or more of these centers produce the characteristic 
forms of aphasia, all of which have clinical exempli- 
fications. Sensory aphasia, or amnesia, is the loss 
of memory for words, and may exist alone or in 
association with motor aphasia. Amnesia appears 
clinically in 3 distinct forms: 1. Simple loss of memory 
of words. 2. Word-deafness, or inability to under- 
stand spoken words (there is usually some paraphasia 
connected with this form). 3. Word-blindness, or 
inability to understand written or printed words. 
a., Broca's, motor aphasia, a., conduction, such as 
is due to defect in some commissural connection 
between centers, a., cortical, a., pictorial, a., true, 
descruction of the iunction of the auditory speech- 
center, a., functional, that in which there is no 
manifest lesion, but it occurs as a result of excitement 
in hysteria or in severe constitutional disorders. 
a., gibberish, a form of transcortical aphasia in 
which the speech is confused, words or syllables 
being transposed or jumbled together, due to dis- 
ruption of the tracts associating cortical speech- 
centers. Syn., jargon aphasia, a., Kussmaul's, see 
Kussmaul. a., mixed, combined motor and sensory 
aphasia, a., optic, inability to give the names for 
objects seen, due to interrupted connection between 
the centers for vision and speech, a., pure, a., iso- 
lated, a., subcortical, a., subpictorial, aphasia arising 
from a lesion interrupting impulses toward the 
afferent tracts proceeding to the auditory speech- 
center, a., supracortical, a., suprapictorial, that 
form of lesion completely severing the connection of 
the auditory center with the cortical center, but not 
destroying the auditory speech-center, the afferent 
tracts proceeding to it or the efferent tracts passing 
from it to the motor speech-center, a., tactile, 
inability to recognize objects by the sense of touch, 
due to lesion in the central parietal lobule, a., total, 
a., universalis, inability to utter a single word, a., 
Wernicke's, cortical sensory aphasia. 

aphasiac (ah-fa'-ze-ak) [see aphasia]. One who is 
aphasic. 

aphasic (ah-fa'-zik) [see aphasia]. Relating to or 
affected with aphasia. 

aphelexia (af-el-eks'-e-ah). An incorrect form of 
the word aphelxia, q. v. 

aphelotic (af-el-oi'-ik) [d<£eXKeu>, to draw away]. 
Absent-minded; lost in reverie. 

aphelxia (af -elks' -e-ah) [a<j>k\Ktiv, to draw away]. 
Absence of mind; inattention to external impressions. 

aphemesthesia (ah-fem-es-the'-ze-ah) [a, priv.; 
<£i7AM?, voice; aiad-qcns, sensation]. Word -blindness; 
word-deafness. 

aphemia (ah-fe'-me-ah) [a, priv.; <i>vny, voice]. 
Mocor aphasia; inability to articulate words or 
sentences from centric and not from peripheral disease 
See aphasia. 

aphemic (ah-fe'-mik) [see aphemia]. Relating to or 
affected with aphemia. 

aphephobia {af-e-fo' -be-ah) [£#17, touch; 06/9os, fear]. 
Hyperesthetic dread of contact with other persons. 

apheter (af'-et-er) [&<j>eTr)p, one who lets go or 



sends away]. A supposed impulse-carrying, or 
trigger-material, probably a cata?tate, which com- 
municates to the inogen the nerve impulse that 
causes its destruction, and the consequent muscular 
contraction. In a larger sense, any trigger-material 
that takes part in any functional process may be 
called an apheter. 

aphilanthropy (ah-fil-an f -thro-pe) [&, priv.; <pCKeiv, 
to love; &vdp6)iros, man]. Absence of social feeling; 
a frequent sign of approaching melancholia. 

aphlogistic (ah-flo-jist'-ik) [a, priv.; <j>\6£, a flame]. 
1. Noninflammable. 2. Burning without flame. 

aphonia (ah-fo'-ne-ah) [a, priv.; <j>o>vq, voice], 

1. Loss of speech, due to some peripheral lesion. 

2. Hysterical, or paralytic absence of the power of 
speech. 3. Voicelessness. a. clericorum, clergyman's 
sore-throat, a., paralytic, see 'paralysis, phonetic. 
a. paranoica, stubborn silence in the insane, a., 
spastic, see dysphonia spastica. 

aphonic (ah-fon'-ik) [see aphonia]. Speechless; 
voiceless. 

aphorama, aphorema (af-o-ra'-mah, -re'-mah) 
[acpopav, to have in full view]. The state of having 
projecting eyes, enabling one to see at a distance on 
each side without moving the head. 

aphoresis {ah-for-e' -sis) [a, priv.; 4>6prjcns, bearing]. 
1. Separation or ablation of a part, either by excision 
or amputation. 2. Lack of the power of endurance, 
as of pain. 

aphoria (ah-fo'-re-ak) [&, priv.; (pkpeiv, to bear]. 
Sterility of the female; unfruitfulness. a. impercita, 
that attributed to aversion, a. impotens, that due 
to impairment of conceptive power, a. incongrua, 
that attributed to nonresponsive condition of the 
conceptive power to the seminal fluid, a. para- 
menica, that due to menstrual disorder, a. polyposa, 
that attributed to the existence of a uterine polyp. 

aphoric, aphorous (af'-or-ik, af-or-us) [a'<i>opos, 
sterile]. 1. Relating to, causing, caused by, or 
affected with sterility. 2. Unbearable, insufferable. 

aphose (ah'-foz) [&, priv.; <f>ws, fight]. A sub- 
jective sensation of shadow or darkness. Cf. phose. 

aphrasia (ah-fra'-ze-ah) [d, priv.; <j>pa£eiv, to utter]. 
Absence of the power to utter connected phrases. 
a., paralytic, that due to paralysis of the ideation 
faculty, a., superstitious, the voluntary avoidance 
of certain words from scruples of nicety or religion. 

aphrenic, aphrenous, aphraenous {ah-fren'-ik, 
ah'-fren-us, ah-fre'-nus) [&, priv.; <t>prjv, the mind]. 
Insane. 

aphrodescin, aphrodaescin (af-ro-des' -in) [a<f>poo8ris, 
foamy], C52H82O23. A glucoside constituent of the 
cotyledons of horse-chestnut. It is a* colorless, 
amorphous powder, soluble in alcohol and water, its 
watery solution frothing like soap. 

aphrodisia (af-ro-diz'-e-ah) ['A<f>po8lrr], Venus]. 
Sexual desire, especially when morbid or immoderate; 
sexual congress. 

aphrodisiac (af-ro-diz'-e-ak) [see aphrodisia]. 1. 
Stimulating the sexual appetite; erotic. 2. An agent 
stimulating the sexual passion. 

aphronesis (ah-fro-ne'-sis) [a, priv.; <j>p6vrj(ns, 
good sense]. Foolishness, silliness, madness. 

aphronia (ah-fro'-ne-ah) [a, priv.; <f>prji>, the mind]. 
Apoplexy. 

aphtha (af'-tha) [a4>0a, an eruption; pi., aphlhcs]. 
A form of stomatitis characterized by the presence 
of small white vesicles in the mouth, occurring chiefly 
in children under 3 years, and supposed to be due 
to a special microorganism. Syn., acacos; acatui; 
ophlyctis; morbus aphthosus; thrush; sprue; angina 
aphthosa; aphthous stomatitis, a. anginosa, a form 
of sore throat attended by slight fever, redness, 
and enlargement of the fauces, with the formation 
of small whitish specks on the tongue and mucosa 
of the throat. It usually occurs in cold, damp 
weather and in women and children, aphthae, 
Bednar's, two symmetrically placed ulcers seen at 
times on the hard palate of cachectic infants, one on 
each side of the mesial line, aphthae, cachectic, 
those appearing beneath the tongue, and associated 
with grave constitutional symptoms; Riga's disease. 
Syn., Cardarelli's aphthae, sl. epizootica, see foot- 
and-mouth disease, a. febrilis, ulceration of the 
mouth, extending to the esophagus and stomach, 
and accompanied by fever, a. serpens, aphthae 
serpentes, see cancrum oris, aphthae tropicae, a 
disease of the tropics marked by epigastric fulness, 
pain, vomiting, diarrhea, and redness of the tongue, 
with the formation of small, white, painful spots on it. 



APHTHA 



76 



APOCYNUM 



Syn., tropical sprue; psilosis; gastroenteritis aphthosa 
indica; phlegmasia membranes mucosa gastropul- 
monalis. aphthae, Valleix's, see aphtha, Bednar's. 

aphtha? (af'-the). Plural of aphtha, q. v. 

aphthenxia (af-ihengks'-e-ah) [A, priv.; <fi6ey£t.s, 
utterance]. A form of aphasia with impaired ex- 
pression of articulate sounds. 

aphthoid (af'-lhoid) [see aphtha]. Resembling 
aphthae. 

aphthongia (af-thon'-ge-ah) [d, priv.; <£06yyos, a 
sound]. A peculiar form of aphasia due to spasm 
of the muscles supplied by the hypoglossal nerve. 

aphthous {a f -thus) [see aphtha}, i. Percaining to 
or affected with aphtha?. 2. Presenting the appear- 
ance of a surface covered with little ulcers. 

apical {a'-pik-al\ [apex, the top]. Pertaining to 
the apex. 

apices (a'-pis-ez) [L.]. Plural of apex. Summits. 

apicifixed (a-pis'-e-fikt). Attached by the apex. 

apiciform (a-pis'-e-form) [apex, the top; forma, 
form]. Sharp-pointed. 

apicilar (a-pis'-il-ar) [apex, the top]. Attached to 
or located upon an apex. 

apiin (ap'-e-in) [apium, parsley], C27H32O16. A 
glucoside obtained from the leaves, stems, and seeds 
of parsley, Apium petroselinum. It is a yellowish- 
white, crystalline powder, soluble in hot water and 
alcohol, slightly soluble in cold water, insoluble in 
ether. 

apinoid (ah'-pin-oid) [&, priv.; wivos, dirt; elSos, 
form]. Clean; not foul. a. cancer, scirrhus; so 
called from its cleanly section. 

apiol (ap'-e-ol) [apium, parsley; oleum, oil], C12H14- 
O4. A principle occurring in parsley-seeds; it crystal- 
lizes in long white needles, with a slight odor of 
parsley; melts at 30 C. (86° F.), and boils at 204 C. 
(572 F.). It is used in dysmenorrhea and in 
malaria. In large doses it produces ringing in the 
ears and frontal headache. Syn., parsley-camphor. 
Dose 10-15 gr. (0.65-1.0 Gm.). a., green, crude 
ethereal oil from seeds of parsley, Apium petroselinum. 
It is used as an emmenagogue and antiperiodic. Dose, 
in dysmenorrhea, 5-10 min. (0.3-0.6 Cc.) 2 or 3 
times daily; in malaria, 15-30 min. (1-2 Cc). a., 
liquid, an alcoholic extract of parsley-seeds. 

apiolin (ap'-e-ol-in). Rectified essential oil of 
parsley, a yellow neutral liquid boiling at about 
300 C., soluble in alcohol. It is used as an emmena- 
gogue. Dose, 0.2 gm. 2 or 3 times daily. 

apion (ap'-e-on) [apium, parsley]. A substance 
obtained from apiolic acid by heating with dilute 
sulphuric acid; melts at 69 C. 

apiosoma (ap-e-o-so' -rnali) . A protozoon said to 
be found in the blood of patients suffering from 
typhus fever; it is related to Piroplasma bigonicum. 

apiphobia (ap-e-fo'-be-ah) \.apis, a bee; <t>6fios, fear]. 
Morbid terror of bees and of being stung by them. 

Apis {a' -pis) [L., a bee]. A genus of hymenop- 
terous insects. A. mellifica, the honey-bee; in home- 
opathy the poison of the honey-bee's sting, or a 
preparation thereof. 

apisin (ap'-is-in) [apis, a bee]. Bee-poison. 

apisination (ap-is-in-a'-shun). Poisoning from the 
stings of bees. 

apituitarism (ah-pit-u'-it-ar-izm). The condition 
of absence of the function of the pituitary body, 
owing to removal of that body. 

Apium (a'-pe-um) [L.]. A genus of umbelliferous 
plants. A. graveolens, see celery. A. petroselinum, 
is the common garden parsley; aperient, diuretic, 
somewhat antiperiodic; useful in dysmenorrhea. 
Dose of the fluidextract (of the root) git. xv-3J. 

aplacental (ah-plas-en'-tal) [&, priv.; placenta]. 
Destitute of placenta. 

aplanasia (ah-plan-a'-ze-ah) [d, priv.; irkavav, to 
wander]. Entire or nearly entire absence of spherical 
aberration. 

aplanatic (ah-plan-at'-ik) [see aplanasia]. Not 
wandering; rectilinear, a. focus, that focus of a lens 
the rays from which do not undergo spherical 
aberration in their passage through the lens. a. 
lens, a lens corrected for aberration of light and 
color; a rectilinear lens. 

aplanatism (ah-plan'-at-izm). See aplanasia. 

aplasia (ah-pla'-ze-ah) [d, priv.; irkhaaeLv, to form]. 
Incomplete or defective development. Syn., agenesis. 

aplastic (ah-plas'-lik) [see aplasia]. 1. Structure- 
less; formless. 2. Incapable of forming new tissue. 
3. Relating to aplasia. 4. Defective in fibrin. 5- Ap- 
plied to inflammations unattended with organizable 



exudation, a. lymph, a nonfibrinous material inca- 
pable of coagulation or organization. 

aplestia (ah-ples'-te-ah) [airX-qvTia, insatiate desire]. 
Insatiable hunger; acoria. 

apleuria (ah-plu'-re-ah) jd, priv.; irXevpd, a rib]. 
Congenital absence of the ribs. 

apnea, apncea (ap-ne'-ah) [a, priv.; wvelv, to 
breathe]. 1. A transient cessation of respiration from 
an overabundance of oxygen, as, e. g., after forcible 
respiration. 2. Asphyxia, a., cardiac, the period 
of apnea in Cheyne-Stokes respiration, a., nervous, 
that due to disorders of the centers of respiration. 
a., placental, placental tuberculosis, a., uterine, a 
form of dyspnea observed in hysterical patients, due 
to no manifest disease. Syn., uterine asthma. 

apneumatic (ap-nu-mat'-ik) [&, priv.; irvev/ta, 
breath]. 1. Collapsed; uninflated, not inflatable; 
said of parts of the lung. 2. Carried on with the 
exclusion of air, as an apneumatic operation or 
process. 

apneumatosis (ah-nu-mat-o'-sis) [&, priv.; irvevna- 
rwo-is, inflation]. Collapse or non-inflation of the 
air-cells. 

apneumia (ap-nu'-me-ah) [d, priv.; irvevnuv, lung]. 
Congenital absence of the lungs. 

apncea {ap-ne'-ah). See apnea. 

apo- (ap'-o) [d-n-o, from]. A prefix denoting from, 
away, separation. 

apoaconitine (ap-o-ak-on' -it-en) [dn-6, from; aconi- 
tum, aconite], C33H41NO11. An alkaloid prepared 
from aconitine by dehydration. 

apoatropine (ap-o-af -ro-pen) [bird, from; atropine], 
C17H21NO2. An alkaloid obtained by the action of 
HNO3 on atropine. 

apobiosis (ap-o-bi-o'-sis) [airo, from; /3£os, life]. 
Local death of a part. 

apoblema (ap-o-ble'-mah) [a.Tr6fi\t)fia; d-n-6, away; 
jSdXXeti', to throw]. The product of abortion. 

apobole (ap-ob'-o-le) [d7ro/36Xij, a throwing away]. 
Expulsion; abortion. 

apocamnosis (ap-o-kam-no'-sis) [hironanveiv, to 
grow utterly weary]. Intense and readily induced 
fatigue. 

apocatastasis (ap-o-kat-as'-tas-is) [airoKarao-Taais, 
restoration]. 1. Return to a previous condition. 
2. The subsidence of an abscess or tumor. 

apocatharsis (ap-o-kath-ar'-sis) [airo, away; KaBap- 
ais, purgation]. Purgation; abevacuation. 

apocathartic (ap-o-kath-ar'-tik). Same as cathartic. 

apocenosis (ap-o-sen-o'-sis) [hivoKevbeiv, to drain]. 
1. An increased flow or evacuation of blood or other 
humors. 2. A partial evacuation. In the plural, 
apocenoses, Cullen and Swediaur's term for diseases 
marked by fluxes and unattended by fever. 

apochromatic (ap-o-kro-mat'-ik) [and, away; xP^M a . 
color]. Without color, a. lens, a lens of a special 
variety of glass, corrected for spherical and chromatic 
aberration. 

apocodeine (ap-o-ko'-de-in) [&w6, from; codeine], 
C18H19NO2. An alkaloid prepared from codeine by 
dehydration. It is emetic and expectorant, with 
other qualities much like those of codeine, and is 
recommended in chronic bronchitis. The hydro- 
chloride is generally used. Dose 3-4 gr. (0.2-0.25 
Gm.). 

apocope (ap-ok'-o-pe) [diro, from; kottt], a cutting]. 
Amputation or abscission; an operation or a wound 
that results in loss of substance. 

apocopous (ap-ok'-o-pus) [diro/coiros, cut off]. 
Castrated. 

apocoptic (ap-o-kop'-tik) [airoKoirTeiv, to cut off]. 
Affected by or occurring from the removal of a part. 

apocrustic (ap-o-krus'-tik) [iiroKpoveiv, to beat off]. 
Repellent; defensive; astringent. 

apocynein (ap-o-sin'-e-in). A glucoside from 
Apocynum_cannabinum, similar in character to digi- 
talein. 

apocynin (ap-os'-in-in) [see apocynum]. The 
precipitate from a tincture of Apocynum cannabinum; 
tonic, alterative, and cathartic. Dose |-i gr. (0.016- 
0.065 Gm.). 

apocynum (ap-os'-in-um) [apocynon, dogbane]. 
Canadian hemp. The root of A. cannabinum, the 
properties of which are due to apocynin. It is a 
good expectorant; in full doses it is emetic and 
cathartic. Dose 5-20 gr. (0.3-1.2 Gm.); of tincture 
5-40 min. (0.3-2.5 Cc). Another American species, 
A., androsamifolium, has similar properties. a., 
fluidextract of (fiuidextr actum apocyni, U. S. P.). 
Dose 5-20 min. (0.3-1.2 Cc). 



APODAL 



77 



APOPLEXY 



apodal (ap'-od-al). See apodous. 

apodemialgia (ap-o-de-me-al'-je-ah) [a.Tro8i]fiLa, jour- 
ney: aKyeiv, to grieve]. A morbid dislike of home- 
life with a desire for wandering. 

apodia (ah-po'-de-ah) [a, priv. ; iroi/s, a foot]. 
Congenital absence of feet. 

apodous (ap'-o-dus) [a, priv.; 7roiis, a foot]. Foot- 
less; characterized by apodia. 

apogamy (ap-og' '-am-e) [&w6, away from; yafios, 
marriage]. In biology, i. Asexual reproduction where 
the opposite usually occurs. 2. The total and 
normal absence of sexual reproductive power. 

apokenosis (ap-o-ken-o'-sis). See apocenosis. 

apolar (ah-po'-lar) [d, priv.; iroXos, the end of an 
axis]. Not possessing a pole. a. cells, nerve-cells 
without processes. 

apolepsis (ap-o-lep'-sis) [diroXryi/'is, a leaving off]. 
Suppression or retention of a secretion or excretion; 
cessation of a function. 

apolexis (ap-o-leks'-is) [awo\r]%is, a declining]. 
The decline of life; the stage of catabolism or decay. 

Apollinaris water (ap-ol-in-a'-ris). A German 
alkaline mineral water, highly charged with carbonic 
acid, and largely used as a diluent in gout, rheuma- 
tism, etc. 

apolysin (ap-ol'-is-in), CeH^OOal^NHsCeOe. A 
compound of citric acid and phenetidin. It is anti- 
pyretic and analgesic. Dose 8-90 gr. (0.5-5.0 Gm.) 
daily. Syn., monophenetidin citric acid. 

apomorphine (ap-o-mor'-fen) [dird, from; morphine], 
C17H18NO2. An artificial alkaloid, derived from mor- 
phine by the abstraction of a molecule of water. 
a. hydrochloride (apomorphince hydrochloridum, U. S. 
P.), is the salt used, and is a grayish, crystalline 
powder. It acts as a centric emetic. Dose vtttu 
gr. (0.003-0.0065 Gm.), hypodermatically, or T V-$ 
gr. (0.0065-0.01 Gm.) by the mouth. It is expec- 
torant in small doses. 

apomorphosis (ap-o-mor-fo'-sis) [dironop^ow, to 
change the form]. A chemical change by which one 
substance acting upon another takes something away 
from it. 

apomyelin (ap-o-mi'-el-in) [bird, from; p.ve\6s, 
marrow]. A peculiar phosphatized principle reported 
to exist in the brain tissue and containing no glycerol. 

apomyttosis (ap-o-mit-o'-sis) [airoiivo-o-tiv , to blow 
the nose]. Any disease marked by stertor; a sneezing. 

aponal (ap'-o-nal). The carbamic acid ester of 
tertiary amyl alcohol; it is used as a hypnotic in 
doses of 15 to_30 grains (1-2 grammes). 

apone (ap-on') [Fr.: d, priv.; ttovos, pain]. An 
anodyne; especially the concentrated tincture of 
capsicum; used externally for the relief of pain, and 
internally in small doses, diluted, for hemorrhoids, 
dyspepsia, and mania. Dose gtt. iij-x. 

aponeurography (ap-o-nu-rog'-ra-fe) [airovevpcoais, 
aponeurosis; ypd<pr), a writing]. A description of the 
fasciae, or aponeuroses. 

aponeurology (ap-o-nii-rol'-o-je) [&iropevpw<ris, apo- 
neurosis; X670J, an account]. The science of the 
fasciae or aponeuroses. 

aponeurosis (ap-o-nii-ro'-sis) [airo, from; vevpov, a 
tendon]. A fibrous, membranous expansion of a 
tendon giving attachment to muscles or serving to 
inclose and bind down muscles, a. of occipitofron- 
talis muscle, the aponeurosis that separates the 
two slips of the occipitofrontalis muscle, a. of soft 
palate, a thin, firm, fibrous layer, attached above 
to the hard palate, and becoming thinner toward the 
free margin of the velum, a., subscapular, a thin 
membrane attached to the entire circumference of 
the subscapular fossa, and affording attachment by 
its inner surface to some of the fibers of the sub- 
scapularis muscle, a., supraspinous, a thick and 
dense membranous layer that completes the osseo- 
fibrous case in which the supraspinatus muscle is 
contained, affording auachment by its inner surface 
to some of the fibers of the muscle, a., vertebral, 
a thin aponeurotic lamina extending along the whole 
length of the back part of the thoracic region, serving 
to bind down the erector spinae, and separating it 
from those muscles that unite the spine to the upper 
extremity. 

aponeurositis (ap-on-u-ro-si'-tis) [aponeurosis, ins, 
inflammation]. Inflammation of an aponeurosis. 

aponeurotic (ap-on-u-roV '-ik) [aponeurosis]. Per- 
taining to an aponeurosis, a. fascia, a deep fascia. 

aponeurotome {ap-on-u' -ro-tom) [airovtvpwo-is, apo- 
neurosis; tow, cutting]. An instrument for dividing 
fascia?. 



aponeurotomy (ap-on-u-rot'-o-me) [airovevpwo-is, 
aponeurosis; t6/«7, cutting]. The incision, dissection, 
or anatomy of the fasciae; fasciotomy. 

apophlegmatic (ap-o-fieg-mat'-ik) [&ir6, away; 
<t>\kyp.a, phlegm]. Promoting the expulsion of 
mucus from the air passages. 

apophysary {ap-off ' -is-a-re) [L-wo^veiv , to put 
.forth]. Pertaining to or of the nature of an apo- 
physis. 

apophysate {ap-off' -is-at) [6.tt6, from; <f>v<ris, 
growth]. Furnished with an apophysis. 

apophyseal, apophysial (ap-o-fiz'-e-al). Same as 
apophysary. 

apophysis (ap-of-is-is) [&tt6, from; <t>v<ris, growth; 
pi. apophyses]. A process, outgrowth, or swelling of 
some part or organ, as of a bone, a., basilar, the 
basilar process of the occipital bone, a., cerebral, 
the pineal body, apophyses, false, see epiphyses. 
a. lenticularis, the orbicular process of the temporal 
bone. a. raviana, the processus gracilis of the 
malleus, apophyses, true, those which have never 
been epiphyses. 

apophysitis {ap-of-is-i'-tis) [see apophysis; itvs, 
inflammation]. 1. Inflammation of an apophysis. 
2. Appendicitis. 

apoplasmia {ap-o-plaz'-me-ah) [airo, away; ir\aap.a, 
plasm]. Deficiency of the blood-plasm. 

apoplectic (ap-o-plek'-tik) [apoplexy]. Pertaining 
to or affected with .apoplexy, a. equivalents, a name 
given to the premonitory symptoms of apoplexy, 
indicating that the brain is subject to alterations in 
blood-pressure. 

apoplectiform {ap-o-plek' -tif-orm) [apoplexy; forma, 
form]. Resembling apoplexy. 

apoplectigenous (ap-o-plek-tij' -en-us) [apoplexy; 
yewav, to produce]. Producing apoplexy or cerebral 
hemorrhage. 

apoplectoid {ap-o-plek' -toid) . Same as apoplecti- 
form. 

apoplexy (ap' '-o-pleks-e) [hirowhrio-creiv , to strike 
down, to stun]. The symptom-complex resulting 
from hemorrhage or the plugging of a vessel in the 
brain or spinal cord. The term is sometimes also 
applied to the bursting of a vessel in the lungs, 
liver, etc. a., asthenic, that due to vital depression. 
a., atonic, that which comes on gradually and does 
not attain a high degree of development. Syn., 
imperfect apoplexy, a., atrabilious, deep melancholy 
attributed to resorption of bile, a., bulbar, that 
due to hemorrhage into the substance of the oblon- 
gata, causing paralysis of one or both sides of the 
body, inability to swallow, difficulty in protruding 
the tongue, dyspnea, gastric disorders, and tumul- 
tuous action of the heart, a., capillary, one resulting 
from rupture of capillaries, a., consecutive, that 
due to the arrest of some habitual discharge or 
eruption, a., cutaneous. 1. See purpura hemor- 
rhagica. 2. A sudden effusion of bloody to the skin 
and subcutaneous tissue, a., dysarthritic, a form 
accompanying arthritic diseases, in which the pain 
disappears from the joints, and vertigo, pain in the 
head, etc., appear, a., epileptic, coma with epilep- 
toid symptoms, sometimes observed in cerebral and 
acute inflammatory diseases, a., febrile, paroxysmal 
fever attended with deep sleep and stertor. Syn., 
apoplexia febricosa. a., fulminant, a sudden and 
fatal apoplexy, a., ingravescent, a term applied to a 
form of apoplexy in which there is a slowly pro- 
gressive loss of consciousness, due to a gradual leakage 
of blood from a ruptured vessel, a., muscular, an 
escape of blood into the muscular tissue, a., nervous. 
1. Acute anemia of the brain. 2. A condition marked 
by symptoms of cerebral congestion and hemorrhage 
which are due to functional disturbance of the 
nervous system, a. of the ovary, a., ovarian, hemor- 
rhage into the stroma of the ovary, through the rup- 
ture of a follicle, converting the organ into a cyst or 
hematoma. The blood is gradually absorbed, though 
it gives rise to great pain; the cause is unknown. 
a., phlegmonous, a condition attributed to inflam- 
mation of the brain and its membranes; it is marked 
by delirium, fever, severe headache, conjunctival 
injection, lacrimation, and a hard pulse, a., pituit- 
ous, serous apoplexy, a., placental, a., placentary, 
escape of blood into the placental substance, a., 
pontile, apoplexy due to a rupture of a blood-vessel 
in the pons Varolii, a., progressive, that in which 
there is a very gradual increase of the paralysis and 
other symptoms, a., pulmonary, escape of blood 
into the pulmonary parenchyma, a., pulmonary, 



APOPSYCHIA 



78 



APPENDICITIS 



vascular, very acute and extensive congestion of th2 
lungs, leading to apoplectic symptoms and a fatal 
termination, a., sanguineous, hemorrhage' into or 
upon the brain, a., serous, that due to an effusion 
of serious matter into or upon the brain, a., simple, 
the name given to those cases of death from coma in 
which no cerebral lesion is found, a., spinal, rupture 
of a blood-vessel of tha spinal cord, a., splenic,. 
(x) flow of blood into the splenic substance; (2) con- 
tagious anthrax, a., suppurative, that due to 
purulent processes and fever, a., symptomatic, 
that attributed to another disease or to the arrest 
of some habitual evacuation, a., uterine, escape of 
blood into the muscular tissue of the uterus, a., 
venous, that due to congestion of the veins. 

apopsychia {ap-op-sik'-e-ah) [&v6, away; 1^x17, 
spirit]. Syncope; fainting; a faint, 

apoptosis (ap-op-to'-sis) [&ir6, away; wtuxtls, a 
falling]. A falling off, as of a crust, or of the hair; 
loosening of a scab or crust. 

apoquinamine (ap-o-kwin'-am-en), C19H22N2O. An 
artificial alkaloid occurring as a white, amorphous 
substance derived from quinamine, conquinamine, 
or quinamidine by action of hydrochloric acid. 

aporetin (ap-o-re'-tin) [&71-6, from; pi\rlvt\, a resin]. 
A purgative resin derived from rhubarb. 

aporocephalous (ap-o-ro-sef'-al-us) [airopos, diffi- 
cult to distinguish; Ke<pa\ri, the head]. Having a 
head scarcely distinguishable. 

aporrhegma (ap-o-reg'-mah) [apo-; priyvwai, to 
break in pieces]. A substance split off from another 
substance by biological action. 

aporrhinosis (ap-or-in-o'-sts) [&tt6, from; pis, nose], 
A discharge from the nostril. 

aporrhipsis (ap-or-ip'-sis) [&ir6, away from; 
pl-KTtw, to throw]. The throwing off of the clothes 
or the bed clothes; a symptom seen in some cases of 
insanity and in delirium. 

aposepsis (ap-o-sep'-sis) [airoariip is, putrefaction; 
sea sepsis]. Complete putrefaction. 

aposia (ah-po'-ze-ah) [d, priv.; irbcns, drinking]. 
Absence of thirst; adipsia. 

apositia (ap-o-sit'-e-ah) [a-n-6, from; <tZtos, food]. 
Aversion to or loathing of food. 

apositic (ap-o-sit'-ik) [&iro, from; alros, iood]. 
Impairing the appetite; affected with apositia. 

apostasis (ap-os'-tas-is) [LiroffTacns, a standing 
away from]. 1. An abscess. 2. The end or the 
crisis of an attack of disease; termination by crisis. 
3. An exfoliation. 

apostatic (ap-os-tat'-ik) [diroo-Taa-is, a standing 
away from]. Relating to or of the nature of an 
apostasis. 

apostaxis (ap-o-staks'-is) [&tt6, from; o-rd£is, a 
dropping]. A discharge of fluid by drops; epistaxis. 

apostem (ap'-o-stem), or apostema (ap-o-ste'-mah) 
i.-n-6(TTTtp.a, an abscess]. An abscess. 

apostematic (ap-os-tem-at'-ik) [&ir6<TTrip.a, an ab- 
scess]. Relating to or of the nature of an abscess. 

apostemation (ap-os-tem-a'-shuri) [apostematio, ab- 
scess formation]. The formation of an apostem- or 
abscess. 

aposthia (ah-pos'-the-ah) [d, priv.; irSo-Or), prepuce; 
penis]. Congenital absence of the prepuce or penis. 

Apostolus method [Georges Apostoli, French 
physician, 1847-1900]. The use of strong electrolytic 
or chemical galvanocaustic currents in the treatment 
of diseases of the female generative organs, especially 
uterine fibroids. 

apostrophe (ap-os'-tro-fe) [&ir6, away; orpkfaiv, to 
turn]. The arrangement of chlorophyll bodies along 
the side walls of the cells as a result of excess or 
deficiency of light. Cf. epislrophe and dystrophe. 

apothecaries' weight. A system of weights and 
measures used in compounding medicines. The 
troy pound of 5760 grains is the standard. It is 
subdivided into 12 ounces. The ounce is subdivided 
into 8 drams, the dram into 3 scruples, and the 
scruple into 20 grains. For fluid measure the quart 
of 32 fluidounces is subdivided into 2 pints, the pint 
into 16 fluidounces, the ounce into 8 fluidrams, and 
the fluidram into 60 minims. The following symbol.; 
and abbreviations are used: 
ne, minim. 5. uncia, an ounce (480 

grains). 
3, scrupulus, a scruple lb, libra, a pound. 

(20 grains). O., octarius, a pint. 

5, drachma, a dram (60 gr., granum, a grain. 

grains). ss., semissis, one-half. 

See Weights and Measures. 



apothecary (ap-oth'-e-ka-re) [SnrodriKr), a storehouse]. 

1. A druggist or pharmaceutical chemist, one who 
prepares and sells drugs, fills prescriptions, etc. 

2. In Great Britain a physician filling his own pre- 
scriptions ; especially one licensed by the Society of 
Apothecaries of London, or by the Apothecaries' 
Hall of Ireland. 

apothem, apothema (ap'-o-them, ap-olh'-em-ah) 
[euro, from; 6kp.a, a deposit]. A brown powder 
deposited from vegetable infusions or decoctions 
exposed to the air. 

apothesis (ap-oth'-es-is) [airoOea-is, a putting 
back]. The reduction of a fracture or luxation. 
a. funiculi umbilicalis, the reposition of an abnormally 
protruded umbilical cord. 

apotheter (ap-oth'-et-er). A navel-string repositor 
devised by Braun, consisting of a staff with a sling 
attached in which the prolapsed funis is placed and 
carried up into the uterine cavity. 

apous (ah' -pus). See apodous. 

apozem, apozema (ap'-o-zem, ap-oz'-em-ah) [&ird, 
away; $eiv, to boil]. A decoction, especially one to 
which medicines are added. 

apparatotherapy (ap-ar-at-o-ther'-ap-e). Treat- 
ment by mechanical apparatus. 

apparatus (ap-ar-a'-tus) [apparatus, preparation]. 
1. A collection of instruments or devices used for a 
special purpose. 2. Anatomically the word is used 
to designate collectively the organs performing a 
certain function. 3. A collection of pathological 
phenomena. 4. Cystotomy, a., absorbent, the 
blood-vess°ls and lymphatics. a., acoustic, a., 
auditory, the external and internal ear, the auditory 
canal, the tympanum, and the Eustachian tube. 
a., chirurgicus, surgical apparatus, a., digestorius, 
digestive apparatus, a., lacrimalis, lacrimal appar- 
atus, a. ligamentosus colli, the occipitoaxoid liga- 
ment, a broad band at the front surface of the 
spinal canal that covers the odontoid process, a. 
magnus, a. major, median cystotomy, a. minor, 
lateral lithotomy, a. respiratorius, respiratory 
system, a., segmental, see nephridia. a., sound- 
conducting, a collective term for the auricle, external 
auditory canal, tympanum, Eustachian tube, and 
mastoid cells, a., sound-perceiving, that part of 
the organism concerned in the perception of sound 
consisting Of the auditory nerve, and its center of 
origin and peripheral distribution, or the organs of 
the labyrinth, a., urinary, the kidneys, ureters, 
bladder, and urethra, a. urogenitalis, urogenital 
system, a., uropoietic, the kidneys. 

apparent (ap-a'-rent) [apparere, to appear]. Seem- 
ing; appearing to be like. a. death, see death. 

apparition (ap-ar-ish'-un) [apparitio, an appear- 
ance]. 1. A visual delusion or hallucination. 2. The 
sudden aggregation of scattered principles into an 
element or corpuscle. 

appendage (ap-en'-daj) [appendere, to weigh; 
hang]. Anything appended, usually of minor im- 
portance, a., auricular. 1. The projecting part of 
the cardiac auricle. 2. Virchow's name for a round 
or elongated cartilaginous prominence in front of 
the tragus, a. cecal, the appendix vermiformis. 
a.s, cutaneous; a.s, dermal, the nails, hair, sebaceous 
glands, and sweat-glands, a.s, epiploic, see appen- 
dices epiploicce under appendix, a.s of the eye, the 
eye-lashes, eyebrows, lacrimal gland, lacrimal sac 
and ducts, and conjunctiva, a.s, fetal, the placenta, 
amnion, chorion, and umbilical cord, a.s, moss- 
like, short processes seen on some nerve fibres in the 
granular layers of the cerebellum, a., ovarian, the 
parovarium, a., pineal, the epiphysis, a., pituitary, 
the hypophysis, a.s, uterine, the ovaries and ovi- 
ducts. 

appendalgia (ap-end-al'-je-ah) [appendix; akyos, 
pain]. Pain in the appendicular region. 

appendectomy (ap-en-dek'-to-me). See appen- 
dicectomy. 

appendiceal, appendical {ap-en-di-se'-al, ap-en'- 
di-kal). See appendicular. 

appendicectomy {ap-en-dis-ek'-to-me). [appendix; 
€Krofi7i, excision]. Excision of the vermiform 
appendix. 

appendices epiploicse {ap-en'-dis-ez ep-ip-lo'-is-e). 
See appendix. 

appendicitis (ap-en-dis-i'-tis) [appendix; ms, 
inflammation]. Inflammation of the vermiform 
appendix. Syn., paratyphlitis; epilyphlitis; abscess 
of iliac form, a., gangrenous, that in which the 
vermiform appendix is found gangrenous and slough- 



APPENDICOSTOMY 



79 



AQUA 



ing, usually with one or more perforation 1 ? and free 
leakage, a large section of the right groin full of 
lemon-colored, septic fluid, a puddle of filth under- 
neath the cecum and ileum, the omentum fixed with a 
cluster of bowel adhesions beneath. Syn., green 
groin, a. larvata, an incipient or latent form of 
appendicitis, a. obliterans, an inflammation char- 
acterized by the progressive obliteration of the lumen 
of the appendix, by the disappearance of the epi- 
thelial lining and glandular structure. The symp- 
toms are acute attacks of brief duration, moderate 
swelling at the seat of disease, and persistent tender- 
ness in the region of the appendix during the inter- 
missions. 

appendicostomy (ap-en-dik-os' '-to-me) . The opera- 
tion of opening the vermiform appendix, previously 
anchored in an incision in the anterior abdominal 
wall, for the purpose of irrigating the cecum and 
colon; employed in amebic dysentery and consti- 
pation. Syn., Weir's operation. 

appendicular (ap-en-dik'-u-lar) [appendicula, a 
small appendix], i. Pertaining to the vermiform 
appendix. 2. Pertaining to the limbs, a. colic, a 
spasmodic colicky pain originating in the appendix. 

appendiculate (ap-en-dik'-u-lat). Having appen- 
dages or protruding accessory parts. 

appendix (ap-en'-diks) [pi., appendices; appendere, 
to hang upon or to]. An appendage, a. auricularis, 
see appendage, auricular (1). a. cerebri, the pituitary 
body, a., ensiform, see xiphoid, a. epididymidis, 
the vas aberrans. appendices epiploicae, fatty 
projections of the serous coat of the large intestine. 
a. lobularis, the flocculus, a., suprasphenoid, a. 
ventriculi, the hypophysis, a., vermiform, a. vermi- 
formis, the small, blind gut projecting from the 
cecum, a., xiphoid, see xiphoid. 

apperception (ap-er-sep'-shun) [appercipere, to 
perceive]. The conscious reception of a sensory 
impression; the power of receiving and appreciating 
sensory impressions. 

appetence, appetency (ap'-e-tens, ap'-e-ten-se) 
[appetentia, appetite]. An appetite or desire; the 
attraction of a living tissue for those materials that 
nourish it. 

appetite (ap'-e-til) [appetere, to desire]. The desire 
for food; also any natural desire; lust, a.-breakfast, 
more tasty and desirable than the ordinary test meal, 
and calculated to excite a more natural flow of gastric 
juice, a.-juice, flow of gastric juice provoked by 
the mere sight and taste of food (without swallowing 
it), a., perverted, that for unnatural and indi- 
gestible things, frequent in disease and in pregnancy. 

appetizer (ap-e-ti'-zer) [appetere, to desire]. A 
medicine, or dose, taken to stimulate the appetite. 

applanate (ap'-lan-at) [ad, to; planus, flat]. Hori- 
zontally flattened. 

applanatio, applanation (ap-lan-a'-she-o, ap-lan-a'- 
shun) [L.]. A flattening, a. corneae, flattening of 
the entire surface of the cornea from disease. 

apple (ap'-l) [AS., ceppel, an apple]. The fruit of 
the tree, Pyrus malus. a., Adam's, see pomum 
Adami. a.-brandy, an alcoholic spirit distilled from 
cider; cider-brandy, a. extract, see extr actum ferri 
pomatum under extract, a. eye, synonym of exoph- 
thalmos, a. head, a term for the broad thick skull 
of dwarfs, a. oil, amyl valerate. 

applicator (ap'-lik-a-tor) [L,]. An instrument 
used in making applications. 

Appolito's operation (ap-ol-e'-to). Enterorrhaphy 
by means of a form of right-angle continuous suture. 

apposition (ap-o-zish'-un) [apponere, to apply to]. 
1. The act of fitting together; the state of being 
fitted together. 2. An addition of parts. 3. Develop- 
ment by accretion. 

approximal (ap-roks'-im-al) [ad, to; proximus, 
next]. That which is next to; contiguous. In 
dentistry, pertaining to contiguous surfaces, as 
approximal fillings. 

apraxia (ah-praks'-e-ah) [a, priv.; vpaoaeiv, to do]. 
Soul-blindness; mind -blindness; object-blindness; an 
affection in which the memory for the uses of things 
is lost, as well as the understanding of the signs by 
which the things are expressed. 

aprication (ap-re-ka'-shun) [apricatio, a basking 
in the sun]. The sun-bath; sun-stroke. 

aproctia (ah-prok'-she-ah) [&, priv.; irpw/cros, anus]. 
Absence or imperforation of the anus. 

aproctous (ah-prok'-tus) [&, priv.; irpwuTos, the 
anus]. Having imperforation of the anus. 

apron (a'-pron) [O. F., naperon], 1. A cloth or 



rubber covering to prevent the clothing from becom- 
ing soiled. 2. The omentum, a., Hottentot, arti- 
ficially or abnormally elongated labia minora. Syn., 
pudendal apron, a., masonic, a name sometimes 
given to a support, attached to the waist, for the 
penis and testicles in gonorrheal cases, a. of succor, 
a canvas stretcher for carrying the wounded. 

aprosexia (ah-pro-seks'-e-ah) [Lirpoa^ia, want of 
attention]. A mental disturbance consisting in 
inability to fix the attention upon a subject. An 
inability to think clearly and to comprehend readily 
what is read or heard; a condition sometimes observed 
in the course of chronic catarrh of the nose or of the 
nose and pharynx. 

aprosopia (ah-pro-so'-pe-ah) [&, priv.: -Kpoauntov, 
the face]. A form of fetal monstrosity with absence 
of part or all of the face. 

aprosopous (ap-ros'-o-pus) [&, priv.; irpbauirov, the 
face]. Exhibiting aprosopia. 

aprosopus {ap-ros'-o-pus) [&, priv.; irpovuirov, the 
face]. An aprosopous fetus. 

apselaphesia (ap-sel-af-e'-ze-ah) [a, priv.^Xd^cm, 
touch]. Loss of the tactile sense. 

apsithyria, apsithurea (ah-psith-i'-re-ah, -u'-re-ah) 
[&, priv.; xpidvpl£eit>, to whisper]. Hysterical aphonia, 
in which the patient loses the voice and is also 
unable to whisper. 

apsychia (ah-si'-ke-ah) [&, priv.; ^XV, spirit]. 
Unconsciousness; a faint or swoon. 

aptyalia, aptyalism (ap-ti-a'-le-ah, ap-ti'-al-izm) 
[&, priv.; irrvaki^eiv, to spit], I. Deficiency or 
absence of saliva. 2. Psychic salivation; debility 
and general disorder from loss of oxydases due to 
excessive expectoration. 

apulosis (ap-u-lo' -sis) [ovXeiv, to cicatrize]. Cica- 
trization, or a cicatrix. 

apulotic (ap-u-lot'-ik) [oiiXetv, to cicatrize]. Pro- 
moting cicatrization, or apulosis. 

apus (a'-pus) [&, priv.; irovs, foot]. 1. A mon- 
strosity consisting in absence of the lower limbs, or 
feet. 2. An apodous fetus. 

apyknomorphous (ah-pik-no-morf -us) [a, priv.; 
■kvkvos, compact; nop<j>rj, form]. Applied by Nissl 
to feebly staining cells, or those in which the stainable 
portions are not arranged in close proximity. 

apyonin (ah-pi'-on-in) [&, priv.; wvov, pus]. A 
remedy introduced as a substitute for pyoktanin in 
ophthalmic practice. It is said to be identical with 
yellow pyoktanin. 

apyous (ah-pi'-us). Having no pus. 

apyretic (ah-pi-ret'-ik) [a, priv.; irvperos, fever]. 
Without fever. 

apyrexia (ah-pi-reks'-e-ah) [&, priv.; irvperos, 
fever]. The non-febrile stage of an intermittent 
fever; intermission or absence of fever. 

apyrexial (ah-pi-rek'-sc-al) [see apyrexia]. Per- 
taining to, or the nature of, or characterized by 
apyrexia. 

aq. Abbreviation for aqua [L.], water; also for 
water of crystallization. 

aqua (ak'-wah) [L., gen., and pi., aqua]. Water. 
An oxide of hydrogen, having the composition H2O. 
It is a solid below 32 , a liquid between 32 ° and 
212 , vaporizes at 212 at the sea-level (bar. 760 
mm.), giving off vapor of tension equal to that of 
the air. Water is an essential constituent of all 
animal and vegetable tissues. In the human body 
it forms 2 % of the enamel of the teeth, 77 % of 
the tissues, 78 % of the blood, and 93 % of the 
urine. Water is a valuable antipyretic; internally, 
it is diuretic. It is the most useful of all the solvents. 
Aqua, in pharmacy, designates various medicated 
waters, a. ammoniae (U. S. P.), ammonia-water. 
Dose 10-30 min. (0.6-2.0 Cc). a. ammoniae fortior 
(U. S. P.), stronger ammonia-water, used externally. 
a. amygdalae amaras (U. S. P.), bitter almond water. 
Dose 2 dr. (8 Cc). a. anethi (B. P.), dill-water. 
Dose \-2 oz. (15-60 Cc). a. anisi (U. S. P.), anise 
water. Dose §-2 oz. (15-60 Cc). a. aurantii 
florum (U. S. P.), orange-flower water. Dose §-2 
oz. (15-60 Cc). a. aurantii florum fortior (U. S. P.), 
triple orange-flower water, a. bulliens, boiling water. 
a. calcis, lime water, a. camphorae (U. S. P.), 
camphor-water. Dose \-\ oz. (15-30 Cc). a. car- 
bolisata, 22 parts of liquefied phenol in 978 parts of 
distilled water. Dose 1 dr.-£ oz. (4-16 Cc). a. 
chlori (liquor chlori compositus, U. S. P.), chlorine 
water. Dose 1-4 dr. (3.7-15.0 Cc). a. chloroformi 
(U. S. P.), chloroform-water. Dose \-2 oz. (15-60 
Cc). a. cinnamomi (U. S. P.), cinnamon-water. 



AQUACAPSULITIS 



80 



ARANTIUS 



Dose |-2 oz. (15-60 Cc). a. communis, common 
water, a. creosoti (U. S. P.), creosote-water. Dose 
1-4 dr. (3.7-15.0 Cc). a. destillata (U. S. P.), 
distilled water, a. ferrata, a chalybeate water. 
a. fervens, hot water, a. fluvialis, river-water. 
a. foeniculi (U. S. P.), fennel-water. Dose 1-2 oz. 
(30-60 Cc). a. fontana, well- or spring-water. 
a. fortis, see acid, nitric, a. hamamelidis (U. S. P.), 
hamamelis water. Dose 2 dr. (8 Cc). a. hydro- 
genii dioxidi (U. S. P.), solution of hydrogen dioxide 
used chiefly locally, a. labyrinthi, the clear fluid 
existing in the labyrinth of the ear. a. laurocerasi 
(B. P.), cherry-laurel water. Dose 5-30 min. 
(0.3-2.0 Cc). a. Levico, water from springs at 
Levico in the Tyrol, containing arsenic, iron, and 
copper, a. marina, sea water, a. menthae piperita? 
(U. S. P.), peppermint-water. Dose 1-2 oz. (30-60 
Cc). a. menthae viridis (U. S. P.), spearmint water. 
Dose 1-2 oz. (30-60 Cc). a. oculi, the aqueous 
humor, a. omnium fiorum, a liquid distillation- 
product of cow-dung collected during the month of 
May; formerly used in pulmonary tuberculosis, a. 
pimentae (B. P.), allspice water. Dose \-2 oz. (15- 
60 Cc). a. pluvialis, rain-water, a. putealis, a. 
puteana, well-water, a. regia, see acid, nitrohydro- 
chloric. a. rosae (U. S. P.), rose-water. Dose 1-2 
oz. (30-60 Cc). a. rosae fortior (U. S. P.), used for 
making rose-water, a. vita?, brandy or spirit. 

aquacapsulitis (ak'-wah-kap-sii-li' -lis) [aqua; cap- 
sula; ltls, inflammation]. Inflammation of the 
membrane of Descemet; serous iritis. 

aqua? (ak'-we) [pi. of aqua]. Waters; medicated 
waters. 

aquaeductus (ak-we-duk'-tus), see aqueduct. 

aquapuncture (ak'-wah-pungk'-chur) [aqua; punc- 
tura, a puncture]. 1. Counterirritation by means of a 
very fine jet of water impinging upon the skin; it is 
useful in neuralgic disorders. 2. The hypodermatic 
injection of water as a placebo. 

aquatic (a-kwat'-ik) [aqua]. Pertaining to water. 
a. cancer, synonym of cancrum oris. 

aqueduct, aquaeductus (ak'-we-dukt, ak-we-duk'- 
tus) [aqua; ductus, a leading]. A canal for the 
passage of fluid; any canal, aquaeductus cerebri, 
see a. Sylvii. aquaeductus cochleae, aqueduct of 
the cochlea, a., communicating, aquaeductus com- 
municationis, a small canal sometimes found at 
the junction of the mastoid part of the temporal 
bone with the petrosa, which transmits a venous 
branch to the end of the transverse sinus, a. of 
Cotunnius, the aqueduct of the vestibule, extending 
from the utricle to the posterior wall of the pyramid 
in the brain, aquaeductus Fallopii, see under Fal- 
lopian, aquaeductus Sylvii, the aqueduct of Sylvius, 
the passageway from the third to the fourth ventricle, 
the iter a tertio ad quartum ventriculum. Syn., 
ventricular aqueduct, a., temporal, an inconstant 
canal at the dorsal part of the superior angle of the 
petrosa, for passage of the squamosopetrosal sinus. 
aquaeductus vestibuli, the aqueduct of the vestibule 
of the ear. 

aqueous (a'-kwe-us) [aqua]. Watery, a. chamber 
of the eye, the space between the cornea and the 
lens; the iris divides it into an anterior and a posterior 
chamber, a. extract, a solid preparation of a drug 
made by evaporation of its aqueous solution, a. 
humor, the fluid filling the anterior chamber of the eye. 

aquiducous (a-kwe-du'-kus) [aquiducus; aqua, 
water; ducere, to lead]. Hydragogue. 

aquiferous (ak-wif -ur-us) [aqua, water; ferre, to 
bear]. Carrying water or lymph. 

aquocapsulitis (ak-wo-kap-su-li'-tis). See aqua- 
capsulitis. 

aquosity (a-kwos'-it-e) [aquositas, watery]. The 
state or condition of being watery; moisture. 

aquozon (ak'-wo-zon). Ozonized, distilled, and 
sterilized water, containing 3 % by volume of ozone. 

arabate (ar'-ab-dt). A salt of arabic acid. 

arabic acid (ar'-ab-ik). See arabin. a., gum-, 
see acacia. 

arabin (ar'-ab-in) [arabic], (CeHioOs^ +H2O. Ara- 
bic acid. A transparent, glassy, amorphous mass, 
an exudate from many plants. It is soluble in water, 
and is the principal constituent of gum-arabic. 

arabinose (ar'-ab-in- os) [arabic], C6H12O6. One of 
the glucoses made from gum-arabic on boiling with 
dilute H2SO4. It crystallizes in shining prisms that 
melt at ioo°; is slightly soluble in cold water, has a 
sweet taste, and reduces Fehling's solution, but is 
not fermented by yeast. 



arabite (ar'-ab-it) [arabinose], C5H12O5. A sub- 
stance formed from arabinose by the action of sodium 
amalgam. It crystallizes from hot alcohol in shining 
needles, melting at 102 . It has a sweet taste, but 
does not reduce Fehling's solution. 

Arachis (ar'-ak-is) [apaxos, a leguminous plant]. 
A genus of leguminous plants. A. hypogaea, see 
ground nut. a. oil, peanut oil. 

arachnida (ar-ak'-nid-ah) [hpaxv-qs, a spider]. 
A class of arthropods to which belong ticks (acari), 
mites (linguaiulidce), spiders (araneida) , and scorpions 
(scorpionida). 

arachnitis (ar-ak-ni'-tis) [arachnoid; ins, inflam- 
mation]. Inflammation of the arachnoid membrane 
of the brain. Syn., leptomeningitis externa; arach- 
nodeitis; arachnoiditis; arachnoideitis ; arachnoitis. 
a., rhachidian, a., spinal, spinal meningitis. 

arachnoid (ar-ak' -noid) [6.pax"v> a spider's web; 
elSos, form]. 1. Resembling a web. 2. The arach- 
noid membrane. Syn., membrana media cerebri; 
meningion; meningium; meninx arachnoidea; meninx 
media; meninx serosa. 3. Pertaining to a membrane. 
4. Thready; feeble; said of the pulse, a. cavity, 
the space between the arachnoid and dura mater. 
a. membrane, the delicate membrane of the brain 
and cord between the dura and pia mater. It is 
separated from the pia by the subarachnoid space, 
and passes over the convolutions without dipping 
down into the fissures between them. 

arachnoidal (ar-ak-noid'-al) [see arachnoid]. Per- 
taining to the arachnoid membrane. 

arachnoidea (ar-ak-noid'-e-ah) [see arachnoid). 
The arachnoid membrane; see arachnoid, a. en- 
cephali, arachnoid of brain, a. oculi, outer layer of 
choroid, a. spinalis, arachnoid of spine. 

arachnoiditis (ar-ak-noi-di'-tis). See arachnitis. 

arachnoidism (ar-ak' -noi-dizm) [hpaxvris, spider] 
The condition produced by the bite of poisonous 
spiders. 

arachnoiditis (ar-ak-noid-i'-tis). Same as arach- 
nitis. 

arachnolysin (ar-ak-noV -is-in) [apaxvys, a spider; 
Xiio-is, a loosing]. A very active hemolytic substance 
extracted from spiders. 

arachnopia (ar-ak' -no-pi' -ah) [arachnoid; pia]. 
The arachnoid and the pia considered together. 

arachnorrhinitis (ar-ak-no-rin-i'-tis) [apkxvns, spider; 
pis, nose; ms, inflammation]. A disease of the 
nasal passages supposed to be due to the presence 
of a spider. 

arachnotitis (ar-ak-no-ti'-tis) [apaxvn, spider; 6i>s, 
ear; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation said to be 
caused by a spider in the auditory canal. 

arack (ar'-ak). See arrack. 

araeometer (ar-e-om'-et-er). See areometer. 

araiocardia (ar-i-o-kar'-de-ah) [apaios, thin; KapSia, 
heart]. Brachycardia. 

Aralia (ar-a'-le-ah) [L.]. A genus of plants, order 
Araliacece, embracing several species, having aro- 
matic, diaphoretic, and resolvent properties. Gin- 
seng, wild sarsaparilla, petty-morrel, and other plants 
esteemed in popular medicine belong here; few have 
active qualities of high value in any disease. 

Aran's green cancer (ar-ahn') [Frangois Amilcar 
Aran, French physician, 1817-1861]. Chloroma; 
malignant lymphoma of the orbital cavity associated 
with grave leukemia, and tending to form metastases 
through the lymphatic system. Syn., cancer vert 
d "Aran. A.'s law, fractures of the base of the skull 
are the result of injury to the vault, the extension 
taking place by irradiation along the line of the 
shortest circle. The fractures of the base which 
occur by contre-coup are exceptions to this law. 

Aran-Duchenne's disease (ar-ahn' -doo-shen') [see 
Aran; Guillaume Benjamin Amand Duchenne de 
Boulogne, French physician, 1806-1875]. Pro- 
gressive muscular atrophy. 

araneous (ar-a'-ne-us) [aranea, a spider's web]. 
1. Full of webs; resembling a cobweb. 2. Applied 
to a thready, feeble pulse. 3- Consisting of separate 
filaments, a. membrane, the arachnoid membrane. 

Arantius, bodies of (ar-an'-she-us) [Julius Caesar 
Arantius (Arantio, or Aranzio), Italian anatomist, 
1530-1589]. The fibrous tubercles in the center of 
each segment of the semilunar valves. A., canal of, 
A., duct of, the ductus venosus. The smaller of the 
two branches into which the umbilical vein divides 
after entering the abdomen; it empties into the 
ascending vena cava and becomes obliterated after 
birth. A., ligament of, the obliterated ductus venosus 



ARAROBA 



81 



ARCH 



of Arantius. A., ventricle of, a small culdesac in 
the medulla oblongata, forming the lower termina- 
tion of the fourth ventricle. 

araroba (ar-ar-o'-bah) [Brazil]. Goa powder. 
An oxidation-product of the resin found deposited 
in the wood of the trunk of A. andira, of Brazil. 
Its active principle is chrysarobin or chrysophanic 
acid. It is largely used in skin affections. 

arbor (ar'-bor) [L.]. A tree. A name for the 
arbor vita? of the cerebellum, a. vita? [tree of life]. 
i. A term applied to the arborescent appearance of a 
section of the cerebellum, and also to a similar appear- 
ance of the folds of the interior of the cervix uteri. 
2. The Thuja occidentalis. 

arborescent (ar-bor-es'-ent) [arbor]. Branching 
like a tree. 

arborization (ar-bor-iz-a'-shun) [arbor], i. A form 
of nerve-termination in which nerve-fiber is brought 
into contact with muscle-fiber by means of an ex- 
pansion. 2. A group of crystals shoving a tree-like 
appearance, a., terminal, i. A branched end of a 
sensory nerve. 2. A motor end-plate, a., vascular, 
a tree-like branching of blood-vessels. 

arbulith (ar'-bu-lith). Trade name of a mixture of 
lithium benzoate and arbutin; it is used as a urinary 
antiseptic and antilithemic. 

arbutin (ar'-bu-tin) [arbutus], C12H15O7. A bitter 
glucoside obtained from Arciostaphylos uva-ursi, or 
bearberry. It is neutral, crystalline, and resolvable 
into glucose and hydroquinone. It is diuretic. 
Dose 15-30 gr. (1-2 Gm.). See Uva ursi. 

Arbutus, (ar-bii'-tus) [L.]. A genus of ericaceous 
shrubs and trees. A. menziesii, the madrono of 
California, has an astringent bark, useful in diarrhea. 
A. unedo, the European arbutus, is astringent and 
narcotic. A., trailing, see Epigcea. 

arc {ark) [arcus, a bow]. A part of the circum- 
ference of a circle; a more or less curved passageway. 
a., bigonial (of lower jaw), a measurement around 
the anterior margin of the jaw. a., binauricular, a 
measurement from the center of one auditory meatus 
to the other, directly upward across the top of the 
head, a., bregmatolambdoid, a measurement along 
the sagittal suture, a., diastaltic nervous, Marshall 
Hall's term for the nerves concerned in a reflex action. 
a., frontal, the measurement from the nasion to the 
bregma, a., maximum transverse, the measurement 
across the face from a point on each side just anterior to 
the external auditory meatus, a., nasobregmatic, a 
line measured from the root of the nose to the bregma. 
a., nahomaiar, measurement between the outer 
margins of the orbits over the nasion. a., naso- 
occipital, measurement from the root of the nose to 
the lowest occipital protuberance, a., occipital, 
measurement from the lambda to the opisthion. 
a., parietal, measurement from the bregma to the 
lambda, a., reflex, the pathway for a reflex act," 
comprising the center, the afferent and efferent 
nerve, a., voltaic, the band of light formed by the 
passage of a strong electric current between two 
adjacent carbon points. 

arcade (ar-kad') [see arc]. 1. A series of arches; 
an arch. 2. The bow of a pair of spectacles, a., 
crural, Poupart's ligament, a.. Flint's, the arterio- 
venous arch about the base of the renal pyramids. 
a., temporal, a., temporal, inferior, the zygoma. 
a., temporal, superior, the orbital arch. 

arcanum (ar-ka'-num) [L., "a secret"]. A secret 
medicine. 

arcate (ar'-kat) [arcatus, bow-shaped]. Bow- 
shaped; curved; arcuate. 

arcatura (ar-ka-lu'-rah) [arcus, a bow]. A condi- 
tion of horses marked by the undue outward curva- 
ture of the forelegs. 

arcein (ar'-se-in). Arecolin hydrobromide ; it is an 
active miotic. 

arch (arch) [arcus, a bow]. 1. A structure having 
a curved outline resembling that of an arc or a bow. 
2. A part of a circle, a., abdominothoracic, the 
lower boundary of the front of the thorax, a., alve- 
olar, that marking the outlines of the alveolar pro- 
cesses of the jaw. a., anastomotic, one uniting two 
vein, or arteries, a., anterior hyoid, a general term 
which includes the tympanohyal, epihyal, stylohyal, 
and ceratohyal arches, a., aortic, see aorta, a.s, 
aortic, five pairs of vascular arches existing in the 
fetus, a.s, axillary, twigs of the latissimus dorsi, 
sometimes passing over the vessels and nerves 
to the anterior part of the axilla, where they disap- 
pear in the tissues, a.s, branchial, the cartilaginous 



arches that support the gills of fishes. They are 
also present in the human fetus, a.s, cervical, the 
fourth and fifth postoral arches, a., cortical, that 
portion of the renal substance which stretches from 
one column to another and surrounds the base of 
the pyramids, a., costal, the arch of the ribs, 
a., cotylosacral, one formed by the sacrum and the 
osseous structures extending to the coxofemoral 
joints. Syn., standing arch, a., crural, Poupart's 
ligament, a., dental. 1. The parabolic curve 
formed by the cutting-edges and masticating surfaces 
of the teeth. 2. The alveolar arch, a., epen- 
cephalic, the bones lying over the epencephalon, 
uniting in man to form the occipital bone. Syn., 
neurooccipital arch, a., facial, the first postoral 
arch, a., femoral, same as a., crural, a., femoral, 
deep, a band of fibers originating apparently in the 
transverse fascia, arching across the crural sheath 
and attached to the middle of Poupart's ligament 
and the pectineal line. Syn., deep crural arch. 
a.s of the foot, certain arches formed by the bones of 
the foot; the most distinct is the transverse in the 
line of the tarsometatarsal articulations. The inner 
longitudinal is composed of the os calcis, the astra- 
galus, the navicular, the 3 cuneiforms, and the first 
3 toes, and the outer longitudinal is made up of the 
os calcis, the cuboid, and the fourth and fifth toes 
a., gluteal, an opening in the gluteal fascia trans- 
mitting the gluteal vessels and nerves, a., hemal, 
Owen's term for the inferior loop of the typical 
vertebra. It is so called because it surrounds the 
essential portion of the vascular system. It is 
formed dorsally by the centrum, laterally by the 
pleurapophyses and hemapophyses, and inferiorly 
by the hemal spine. Syn., infravertebral arch; 
subcentral arch; vertebral ventral arch, a., hyoid, the 
second branchial arch of vertebrates. Syn., lingual 
arch; arch of tongue; parietohemal arch, a., inguinal, 
Poupart's ligament, a., ischiopubic, that formed by 
the pubis and the ischiopubic branches, a., ischio- 
sacral, one formed by the sacrum, the descending 
branches of the ischia, and the ilia lying be- 
tween. Syn., sitting arch, a., laryngeal, Callender's 
term for one in the embryo composed of a mem- 
branous plate extending from the lower portion of 
the skull and developing into the inferior constrictor 
muscle, the cartilages of the larynx, the superior 
portion of the trachea, and the thyroid body, a.s, 
lateral inferior (of the skull), the bones encircling 
the mouth, nose, and larynx, a.s, lateral superior, 
the bones encircling the cerebrum, the cerebellum, 
and the oblongata, a., mandibular, the first branch- 
ial arch, developing into the lower jaw. Syn., 
maxillary arch, a., maxillary. 1. See a., mandi- 
bular. 2. See c, palatomaxillary, a., mesence- 
phalic, one formed by the basisphenoid, alisphenoid. 
parietal, and mastoid bones. Syn., neuroparietal 
arch, a., nasal, one uniting the two frontal veins. 
a., neural, the superior loop of the typical vertebra 
inclosing the neural canal. Syn., dorsal vertebral 
arch; supravertebral arch, a., occipitohemal. See 
girdle, shoulder-. Syn., pectoral arch; scapular arch; 
scapuloclavicular arch; scapulocoracoid arch, a., 
osteoblastic, those formed imperfectly or completely 
by the osteoblasts, arising from the bony trabeculae, 
already developed and finally becoming bony, a., 
palatal, the concavity of the hard palate when seen 
in transverse section, a. of the palate, posterior, 
that formed by the posterior pillars of the fauces. 
Syn., palatopharyngeal arch, a., palatine, that 
formed by the anterior pillars of the fauces. Syn., 
anterior arch of the palate, a., palatomaxillary, one 
formed by the palatine, maxillary, and premaxillary 
bones or their analogue; it is looked upon as the 
hemal arch of the nasal vertebra. Syn., maxillary 
arch, a., palmar, the arch formed by the radial 
artery and ulnar arteries in the palm of the hand; 
there are two — a superficial and a deep. Syn., 
radial arch, a., palmar, superficial, the continuation 
of the ulnar artery across the palm, a., pelvic, the 
bones of the pelvis considered as the hemal arches 
of the sacral vertebrae, a., pharyngeal, the fifth 
pair of branchial arches, a., plantar, the arch made 
by the external plantar artery, a.s, postoral, arches 
in the fetus, five in number, that develop into the 
lower jaw and throat. See a., branchial. Syn., 
cephalic, poststernal, skeletal, subaxial, vascular, 
visceral arches, a., prosencephaly one considered as 
the neural arch of the frontomandibular vertebra; 
it is formed by the frontal, presphenoid, and orbito- 



ARCH 



82 



ARCIFORM 



sphenoid bones. Syn., neurofrontal arch. a. of 
pubes, that part of the pelvis formed by the con- 
vergence of the rami of the ischium and pubis on 
each side. Syn., subpubic arch, a., radial. See a., 
palmar, a., rhinencephalic, the neural arch of the 
nasal vertebra, formed by the vomer and the pre- 
frontal and nasal bones. Syn., neuronasal arch. 
a., Riolan's, the arch of the mesentery which is 
attached to the transverse mesocolon, a., stylohy- 
oid, the hemal arch of the parietal vertebra formed 
by the stylohyal, epihyal, ceratohyal, basihyal, 
glossohyal, and urohyal bones, a., supraorbital, 
the curved and prominent margin of the frontal 
bone that forms the upper boundary of the orbit. 
a.s, tarsal, the arches of the palpebral arteries. 
a., thyrocartilaginous, a communicating branch 
between the superior thyroid arteries of the two 
sides, lying at about the level of the angle of the 
thyroid cartilage, a., thyrohyal, a., thyrohyoid, the 
third of the postoral arches ; it develops into the hyoid 
body and the greater cornua of the hyoid bone. 
a., tonsillar. See isthmus of the fauces, a., trabe- 
cular, one formed by the junction of the middle 
trabeculae of the skull, containing the hypophysis 
and the infundibulum. a. of a vertebra, the part of a 
vertebra, formed of two pedicles and two laminae, 
inclosing the spinal foramen, a., vertebral, i. A 
neural arch. 2. A hemal arch, a., zygomatic, the 
arch formed by the malar and temporal bones. Syn., 
subocular arch; suborbital arch; temporal arch. 

arch-, archi [dpxi7, primitive]. Prefixes denoting 
first, chief, or principal. 

archaeocyte (ar-ke'-o-slt) [dpxalos, ancient; kvtos, 
a cell]. A wandering or free ameboid cell. 

archasus (ar-ke'-us) [dpxalos, ancient]. In spagiric 
medicine, the invisible counterpart of the visible 
body; solar heat as a source of life. 2. v. Helmont's 
name for the vital principle of an organism. 

archameba (ark-am-e'-bah) [arch-; djuoi/Si?, change]. 
Haeckel's hypothetic progenitor of all amebas and 
of all higher forms of life. 

archamphiaster, archiamphiaster (ark-am-fe-as'- 
ter, ar-ke-am-fe-as' -ter) [arch-; ap.cpi, around; hari\p, 
star]. In biology; those amphiasters concerned in 
the production of the polar globules. 

Archangelica (ark-an-jel'-ik-ah) [apxayyeKos, arch- 
angel]. A genus of umbelliferous plants. See 
Angelica. 

archebiosis (ark-e-bi-o'-sis) [arch-; /Sios, life]. 
Spontaneous generation. 

archegenesis (ark-e-jen'-es-is). The same as 
archebiosis. 

archegonium (ark-e-go'-ne-um) [&pxv< beginning; 
ybvos, race]. The female reproductive organ of the 
higher cryptogams. 

archegony (ar-keg'-o-ne) [apxeyovos, first of a race]. 
The doctrine of spontaneous generation. 

archelogy (ar-kel-o'-je) [apxv, a beginning; \6yos, 
science]. The study of the foundation principles of 
anthropology. 

archenteric (ark-en-ter'-ik). Relating to the 
archenteron. 

archenteron (ark-en' -ter-on) [arch-; ivrepov, in- 
testine]. The embryonic alimentary cavity. 

archeocyte (ar'-ke-o-sit). Same as archaeocyte. 

archepyon (ar-ke-pi' -on) [dpxn. a beginning; tvvov, 
pus]. Pus that has become caseated, or so thick that 
it does not flow. 

archespore, archesporium (ar'-ke-spor, -e-um) 
[apxVy a beginning; o-iropa, a seed]. In biology, the 
cells that give rise to the lining of the anther-cell and 
to the mother-cells of the pollen. 

archetype (ar'-ke-ttp) [arch-; tvttos, a type]. In 
comparative anatomy, an ideal type or form with 
which the individuals or classes may be compared. 
A standard type; original type; prototype. 

archi-. See arch-. 

archiater (ar-ke-a'-ler) [6.px<-arp6s, a chief physi- 
cian]. 1. The head physician in a court. 2. The 
chief physician of an institution. 

archiblast (ar'-ke-blast) [archi-; fiXaaros, germ]. 
In embryology, the granular areola surrounding the 
germinal vesicle. In pathology, the important 
tissues of the body as contrasted with the parablast, 
or connective tissues. 

archiblastic (ar-ke-blas'-tik) [see archiblast]. De- 
rived from the archiblast. The parenchymatous 
tissues are regarded as archiblastic. 

archiblastoma (ar-ke-blas-to'-mah) [archiblast; 5pa, 
a tumor]. A tumor composed of archiblastic tissue, 



such as myoma, neuroma, papilloma, adenoma, 
carcinoma, etc. 

archiblastula (ar-ke-blas' -tu-lah) [see archiblast}. 
In embryology, a ciliated, vesicular morula, resulting 
from complete and regular yelk-division and by 
invagination forming the archigastrula. 

archicytula (ar-ke-sit'-u-lah) [archi-; kvtos, a cell]. 
A fertilized egg-cell in which the nucleus is discernible. 

archigaster (ar-ke-gas'-ter) t archi-; yaarrip, belly]. 
The primitive, perfectly simple intestine; archenteron. 

archigastrula (ar-ke-gas'-tru-lah) [see archigaster]. 
The gastrula as it is observed in the most primitive 
types of animal development; called also bell- 
gastrula, from its shape. 

archigenesis (ar-ke-jen'-es-is). See archebiosis. 

archil (ar'-kil) [ME., orchell]. A violet coloring- 
matter similar to litmus, chiefly obtained from the 
lichen, Roccella tinctoria; used for staining animal 
tissues. 

archirnonerula (ar-ke-mon-er'-u-lah) [archi-; fiovfi- 
pys, single; solitary]. In embryology, a special name 
given by Haeckel to the monerula stage of an egg 
undergoing primitive and total cleavage. 

archimorula (ar-ke-mor'-u-lah) [archi-; nopov, a 
mulberry]. In embryology, the solid mass of cleavage 
cells, or mulberry mass, arising from the segmentation 
of an archicytula, and preceding the archiblastula 
and archigastrula. 

archinephric (ar-ke-nef'-rik) [&pxv, first; ve<pp6s, 
the kidney]. Pertaining to the archinephron. 

archinephron (ar-ke-nef'-ron) [archi-; ve<f>p6s, 
kidney]. The primitive or embryonic stage of the 
kidney or renal apparatus. The Wolffian body. 

archineuron (ar-ke-nii'-ron) [archi-; vevpov, a 
nerve]. 1. A primitive neuron. 2. The neuron at 
which the impulse starts in any physiological act 
involving the nervous system. 

archipallium (ar-ke-pal'-e-um) [archi-; pallium, a 
cloak]. The olfactory pallium, the rhinencephalon. 

archistome (ar'-kis-tom). See blastopore. 

architis (ar-ki'-tis) [dpxos, anus; ltls, inflamma- 
tion]. Proctitis; inflammation of the anus. 

archocele (ar'-ko-sel) [dpxos, anus; Kr)\r], hernia]. 
Rectal hernia. 

archocystocolposyrinx, or archocolpocystosyrinx 
(ar-ko-sis-to-kol-po-sir'-ingks, or ar-ko-kol-po-sis-to- . 
sir'-ingks) [Apxos, anus; kxxttis, bladder; koXitos, 
vagina; o-vpiyi-, fistula]. Recto-vesico-vaginal fistula. 

archocystosyrinx (ar-ko-sist-o-sir'-inks) [&pxos, 
anus; kvvtis, bladder; o-vpiy%, fistula]. A recto- 
vesical fistula. 

archometrum (ar-ko-mel'-rum) [apxos, anus; p.krpov, 
measure]. A device for ascertaining the cahber of 
the anus, or for dilating its sphincters. 

archoplasm, archoplasma (ar'-ko-plazm, ar-ko- 
plaz'-mah) [apxcov, a ruler; 7rXd<rpa, a thing formed]. 
Boveri's term for the substance from which the 
attraction-sphere, the astral rays, and the spindle- 
fibers of mitosis are derived and of which they 
consist. Syn., kinoplasm. 

archoptoma (.ar-kop-to'-mah) [dpxos, anus; irTwpa, 
a fall]. A prolapse of the rectum. 

archoptosis (ar-kop-to'-sis) [dpxos, anus; ■ktuvis, 
a falling]. Rectal prolapse. 

archoptotic (ar-kop-tot'-ik) [dpxos, anus; tttwo-is, 
a falling]. Relating to archoptoma or archoptosis. 

archorrhagia (ar-ko-ra'-je-ah) [dpxos, anus; p-nyvv- 
vaL, to break out]. Rectal hemorrhage. 

archorrhea (ar-ko-re'-ah) [&pxoj, anus; pelv, to 
flow]. A discharge of blood or of any pathological 
fluid from the anus. 

archos (ar'-kos) [dpxos, the anus]. The anus. 

archostegnoma (ar-ko-steg-no'-mah) [dpxos. anus; 
areyvoeiv, to consolidate]. Archostenosis; a rectal 
stricture. 

archostegnosis (ar-ko-steg-no'-sis) [&px6s, anus; 
areyvwa-Ls, a stopping]. A rectal stricture. 

archostegnotic (ar-ko-steg-not'-ik) [dpxos, anus; 
o-reyvuio-is, a stopping]. Relating to a rectal stricture. 

archostenosis (ar-ko-sten-o'-sis) [dpxos, anus; 
arevos, narrow]. Stricture of the rectum. 

archostenotic (ar-ko-slen-ol'-ik) [dpxos, anus; 
o-revos, narrow]. Relating to rectal stricture. 

archosyrinx (ar-ko-sir'-ingks) [dpxos, anus; <rvpiy£, 
a pipe]. 1. A syringe for the rectum. 2. Fistula in 
ano. 

archyle (ar-ki'-le) [apxv, a beginning; 8Xij, matter]. 
See protyle. 

arciform (ar'-se-form) [arcus, bow; arch; forma, 
form]. Arcuate, bowshaped; especially used to 



ARCTATION 



83 



AREFACTION 



designate certain sets of fibers in the medulla ob- 
longata. 

arctation {ark-la' -shun) [arctatio, to draw close 
together]. Contraction of an opening or canal. 

Arctium (ark'-te-um) [L.]. Burdock. See Lappa. 

arctostaphylos (ark-to-staf'-il-os). See Uva ursi 
and Manzanita. 

arcual (ar'-ku-al) [arcualis, arched]. Arched; bent 
or curved. 

arcuate (ar'-ku-at) [arcuatio, a bowing]. Arched; 
curved; bow-shaped, a. fibers of the cerebellum, 
associating fibers connecting one lamina with another. 
a. fibers of the cerebrum, associating fibers con- 
necting adjacent convolutions. 

arcuation (ar-ku-a' -shun) [arcuatio, a bowing]. 
Curvature, especially of a bone. 

arcula (ark'-u-lah) [arcula, a casket]. The orbit. 
a. cordis, the pericardium. 

ar cuius (ar'-ku-lus) [dim. of arcus, a bow]. An 
arching support for bed-clothes. 

arcus (ar'-kus) [L., "a bow"]. A bow or arch. 
a. aortae, the arch of the aorta, or transverse aorta. 
a. arteriarum, the arterial arciformes of the kidney. 
a. arteriosus manus, the palmar arch. a. arteriosus 
palpebral, an arterial arch along the edge of the 
eye-lid. a. arteriosus pedis, the plantar arch. 
a. atlantis, the arch of the atlas, a. axillaris, arch 
formed by the axillary artery, a. carpidorsalis, the 
posterior carpal arch. a. cartilaginis cricoideae, arch 
of the cricoid cartilage, a. coli intestini, the trans- 
verse colon, a. corneas, see a. senilis, a. costarum, 
arch of the ribs, a., cruralis, Poupart's ligament, a. 
cruralis profundus, the deep crural arch. a. dentalis, 
the dental arch. a. faucium, the palatine arch. a. 
glossopalatinus, the anterior pillar of the fauces. 
a. jugalis, the zygomatic arch. a. juvenalis, a white 
ring around the cornea occurring in young individuals 
and resembling the arcus senilis, a. lumbocostalis 
lateralis (Halleri), ligamentum arcuatum externum. 
a. lumbocostalis medialis (Halleri), ligamentum 
arcuatum internum, a. major ventriculi, the great 
curvature of the stomach, a. medullaris, the fornix. 
a. minor ventriculi, the lesser curvature of the 
stomach, a. occipitoparietalis, an annectant gyrus 
between the superior parietal lobule and the occipital 
lobe. a. palatini, the pillars of the fauces, a. 
palatoglossus. Same as a. glossopalatinus. a. pala- 
topharyngeus, the posterior pillar of the fauces. 
a. palmaris, the palmar arch. a. pharyngoepiglot- 
ticus, folds of mucous membrane passing from the 
pharynx to the epiglottis, a. pharyngopalatinus, 
posterior pillar of fauces, a. plantaris, the plantar 
arch. a. popliteus, the arcuate popliteal ligament. 
a. senilis, a ring of opacity at the edge of the cornea 
seen in the aged. a. senilis lentis, an opaque ring 
in the equator of the crystalline lens; it sometimes 
occurs in the aged. a. spiralis, the zona arcuata in 
the organ of Corti. a. subpubicus, the pubic arch. 
a. superficialis volae, the superficial palmar arch. 
a. supraorbital, the supraorbital arch. a. tarseus, 
the tarsal arch. a. tarsi oculi. Same as a. arteriosus 
palpebrce. a. thyrocartilagineus, the arch formed by 
the superior thyroid arteries and the thyroid cartilage. 
a. trachealis anterior, the arch formed by the inferior 
thyroid arteries in passing over the trachea, a. 
unguium. See lunula, a. vasculosi, arches formed 
by branches of the renal artery in the kidney, a. 
vasculosi renales, arches at the bases of the Mal- 
pighian pyramids, formed by anastomoses of tiny 
ramifications of the renal artery. They give off 
vessels supplying the cortex of the kidneys, the Mal- 
pighian corpuscles, and the capillary plexuses about 
the uriniferous tubules. Syn., fornices vasculosi 
renum. a. venosus, (i) an arch joining the anterior 
jugular veins; (2) the venous arch in the palm of the 
hand; (3) a venous arch on the back of the fingers. 
a. vertebralis, a vertebral arch. a. volaris, the 
palmar arch. a. zygomaticus, the zygomatic arch. 

ardent (ar'-dent) [ardere, ardens, to burn]. Burn- 
ing; fiery; glowing; accompanied by a sensation of 
burning, a. fever, heat fever or thermal fever. 
a. spirits, alcoholic liquors. 

ardor (ar'-dor) [L., "heat"]. Violent heat; burning. 
a. urinas, burning pain in the inflamed urethra 
during micturition, a. venereus, sexual desire. 
a. ventricoli, pyrosis, heart-burn. . 

are (ar). French metric unit of square measure; 
it is a square whose side is 10 metres. 

area (a'-re-ah) [L., ",an open space"]. A limited 
extent of surface, a. acustica, or a., auditory, 



(1) the receptive center for audition in the superior 
temporal gyrus; (2) an area in the lateral angle of 
the floor of the fourth ventricle, a., Broca's. Same 
as c. parolfactoria. a. Celsi, alopecia areata, a., 
cord, that part of the cortex in which lesions would 
produce degeneration of the spinal cord. a. cribrosa, 
small perforated space in the internal auditory 
meatus through which pass filaments of the auditory 
nerve, a., crural, a space at the base of the brain 
included between the pons and chiasm, a. diffiuens, 
alopecia areata, a., diffraction, a clear area seen in 
the microscopic image around all bodies of greater 
or less refractive power, a. embryonalis. Same as 
a. germinativa. a. germinativa, or embryonic spot, 
the oval germinating spot of the embryo, a. hypo- 
glossi. Same as Trigonum hypoglossi. a. inter- 
cruralis, or interpeduncularis, an area at the base of 
the brain between the crura cerebri, a.s, motor, 
the convolutions in front of the Rolandic fissure, 
containing the centers for voluntary motion, a., 
non-nucleated, one of the clear spaces found at times 
between the endothelial cells of blood-vessels; they 
have no nuclei, are smaller than endothelial cells, 
and are considered to be due to the removal of parts 
of the surrounding endothelium, a., occipital, 
(1) that part of the occipital bone above the superior 
curved line; (2) the portion of the brain beneath the 
occipital bone. a. opaca, the opaque circle about the 
a. pellucida. a. paraterminalis, a space on the mesial 
aspect of the embryonic cerebral hemisphere, a. 
parolfactoria (Brocae), a small vertical gyrus beneath 
the corpus callosum and continuous with the gyrus 
cinguli. a. pellucida, the light central portion of 
the a. germinativa. a., postpontile, that of the 
metencephalon comprising the olivary bodies and 
the lower lateral portion of the cerebellum, a. 
postrema, on the floor of the fourth ventricle between 
the ala cinerea and the taenia ventriculi quarti. 
a., Rolandic, the excitomotor area of the cerebral 
hemispheres, comprising the ascending frontal and 
ascending parietal convolutions, a., sensor, sensory, 
or sensorial, the general area of the cerebral cortex 
in which sensation is perceived, a., septal, the 
inner surface of each of the laminae which make up 
the septum lucidum. a., somesthetic, the area for 
body feelings or tactile sensation in the postcentral 
convolution; the entire receptive and psychic sensory 
area. a. vagi, the trigonum vagi or ala cinerea. 
a. vasculosa, the space in the area opaca where 
blood-vessels first develop, a.s, viscerocutaneous, 
areas of skin and viscera corresponding to different 
spinal segments, a., visual, the area of the cortex 
cerebri, viz., the cuneus and superior occipital gyrus, 
where vision is perceived, a. vitellina, 3 T olk-area 
outside the area vasculosa in mesoblastic eggs. 
a., vocal, the portion of the glottis lying between the 
vocal bands. 

Areca (ar-e'-kah). A genus of East Indian palms. 
A. catechu is extensively distributed throughout 
the tropics of Asia, where it has been cultivated 
from the earliest times. It furnishes the betel-nut 
(q. v.) ; the powdered nut is used as a vermifuge. 

arecaidin (ar-e-ka'-id-in), C7H11NO2. An acid 
contained in areca-nut, of which arecoline is its 
methyl ether. 

arecaine (ar-e'-ka-en), C-H11NO2 +H2O. A poison- 
ous teniacidal alkaloid obtained from areca-nut, 
forming colorless crystals soluble in water, insoluble 
in alcohol, in ether, and in benzol. 

arecane, arekane (ar'-ek-an). An oily and volatile 
basic substance obtainable from areca-nut; said to 
be a purgative and sialagogue, and to slow the pulse. 

areca-nut (a-re'-kah-nut). See betel. 

arecin (ar'-es-in) [Sp., areca], C23H26N2O. 1. An 
organic base isomeric with brucine, derived from 
cinchona-bark. 2. A brown-red coloring-matter ob- 
tained from areca-'nuts. Syn., areca red. 

arecoline (ar-e'-ko-len) [areca], C8H13NO2. A 
liquid alkaloid isolated from the seeds of areca 
catechu. It is a powerful poison, affecting the heart 
similarly to muscarine. It has anthelmintic proper- 
ties. Dose i^— ^ gr. (0.004-0.006 Gm.). a. hydro- 
bromide, is used as a miotic, applied in 1 % solution, 
and in the treatment of glaucoma. In veterinary 
practice it is used as a cathartic and anthelmintic. 
Injection for horse, f-I gr. (0.032-0.065 Gm.). 

arefaction (ar-e-fak'-shun) [arefactio; arefacere, to 
make dry]. 1. Exsiccation or desiccation. The 
removal of the structural or constitutional water 
from a substance. 2. The drying of drugs before 



AREFLEXIA 



84 



ARISTOLOCHIA 



powdering them. 3. Dryness, as of the skin. 
4. Withering, as of a paralyzed limb. 

areflexia (ar-e-fleks' -e-ah) [&, priv.; reflectere, to 
bend back]. The failure of a reflex; areflexion. 

arefiexion. See areflexia. 

arena (ar-e'-nah) [arena, sand]. 1. Brick-dust 
deposit from urine; gravel. 2. Sabulous matter; 
brain-sand. 

arenaceous (ar-e-na'-se-us) [arenaceus; arena, 
sand]. Of the nature of sand or gravel; sabulous. 

arenation {ar-e-na'-shun) [arena, sand]. A sand- 
bath. The application of hot sand to a limb or part 
of the body. See ammotherapy. 

areocardia (ar-e-o-kar'-de-ah) [apalos, thin, rare; 
Kap8la, heart]. Bradycardia. 

areola (ar-e'-o-lah) [dim. of area, an open space]. 
1. The brownish space surrounding the nipple 
of the breast. This is sometimes called areola 
papillaris. A second areola, surrounding this, occurs 
during pregnancy. The pigmentation about the 
umbilicus is called the umbilical areola. 2. Any 
interstice or minute space in a tissue, a., primary, 
cell-spaces still containing cartilage-cells in the 
matrix of ossifying cartilage-bone. Syn., primary 
marrow cavities; medullary spaces. 

areolar (ar-e'-o-lar) [see areola]. Relating to or 
characterized by areolae, a. tissue, cellular tissue; 
loose connective tissue. 

areolate, or areolated (ar-e'-o-lat, or ar-e'-o-la-ted) 
[areola, dim. of area, an open space]. Marked or 
characterized by areola?. 

areometer (ar-e-om'-et-er) [&paios, rare, thin; 
pkrpov, a measure]. An instrument for measuring 
the specific gravity of liquids. 

areosis, arseosis (ar-e-o'-sis). The process of 
becoming less compact; dilution. 

arevareva (ar-a-var-a'-vah) [Tahitian]. A scaly 
skin-disease said to be caused by the habitual use 
of the drug Kava, q. v. It is accompanied by eye- 
disease, with dimness of vision. 

argal (ar'-gal). See argol. 

argamblyopia (ar-gam-ble-o'-pe-ah) [&py6s, idle, 
disused; amblyopia]. Amblyopia due to disuse of 
the eye. 

Argand burner (ar'-gand) [Ami Argand]. A 
burner that uses gas or oil, and contains an inner 
tube for supplying the flame with air. 

argas (ar'-gas). The dove-tick. Found in dove- 
cots and pigeon roosts; it may give rise to edema or 
urticaria in man. 

Argasidas (ar-gas'-e-de). A family of ticks, prac- 
tically all members of which are pathogenic to man. 

argema (ar'-jem-ah) [apye/xa, an ulcer; pi., arge- 
mata]. A white ulcer of the margin of the cornea, 
following phlyctenula. 

argentamid (ar-jen'-tam-id). An antiseptic liquid 
preparation of silver. 

argentamine (ar-jen'-tam-en). A colorless alkaline 
liquid consisting of an 8 % solution of silver phos- 
phate in a 15 % aqueous solution of ethylenediamide. 
It is applied in gonorrhea and conjunctivitis in 
1 : 4000 solution. Syn., ethylenediamide silver phos- 
phate. 

argentation (ar-jen-ta'-shun) [argentum]. 1. Stain- 
ing with a preparation of silver. 2. The act of 
silvering. 3. The process of injecting mercury into 
the vessels of an anatomic specimen. 4. Argyria. 

argentic (ar-jen'-tik). Containing silver. 

argentine (ar'-j en-ten). Containing or resembling 
silver. 

argentol (ar'-jen-tol), C9H5N . OH . S04Ag. Silver 
quinaseptol, a yellow powder, sparingly soluble in 
water; used as a surgical antiseptic and astringent in 
ointment 1 : 100 or 2 : 100, in solution 1 : 1000 to 
3 : 1000. 

argentous (ar jen'-tus). Containing silver; applied 
to a compound containing a relatively larger amount 
of silver than an ordinary silver compound (argentic 
compound) 

argentum (ar-jen'-tum) [L.]. Silver. Ag = 107.88; 
quantivalence, 1; specific gravity, 10.4 to 10.5. 
A malleable and ductile metal of brilliant white 
luster. It tarnishes only in the presence of free 
sulphur, sulphur gases, and phosphorus, argenti 
cyanidum (U. S. P.), AgCN, silver cyanide, is used 
in the preparation of diluted hydrocyanic acid. 
argenti nitras (U. S. P.), AgN03, silver nitrate, 
argentic nitrate, "lunar caustic," a powerful astrin- 
gent and an escharotic of moderate strength. It 
stains skin and other tissues black. If too long 



administered, it leaves a slate-colored, insoluble 
deposit of silver under the skin (argyria). It is used 
in gastric catarrh, in gastric ulcer, in intestinal 
ulceration, and as an alterative in scleroses of the 
nervous system. Dose £-| gr. (0.01-0.032 Gm.). 
argenti nitras ' fusus (U. S. P.), "stick caustic," 
contains 4 % of silver chloride. It is used locally. 
argenti nitras mitigatus (U. S. P.), the mitigated 
caustic, or diluted stick, is fused with an equal 
amount of potassium nitrate, argenti oxidum (U. S. 
P.), Ag20, explosive when treated with ammonia. 
Used internally for the same conditions in which the 
nitrate is used. Dose \-2 gr. (0.032-0.13 Gm.). 
argentum vivum, an old name for mercury or quick- 
silver. 

argiamblyopia (ar-je-am-ble-o'-pe-ah) [kpyia, dis- 
use; amblyopia]. See argamblyopia. 

argilla (ar-jil'-ah) [apyiWos, potter's clay]. White 
or potter's clay; alumina. 

argillaceous (ar-jil-a'-shus) [apyiWos, white clay]. 
Clay-like; composed of clay. 

arginase (ar'-jin-as). A ferment which has the 
power of splitting arginin into urea and ornithin. 

arginin (ar'-j in- in), C6H14N4O2. Guanidin di- 
amino-valeric acid, a substance formed in the cleavage 
of the protein molecule. It is hydrolyzed to urea 
and ornithin. 

argol (ar'-gol) [apyos, white]. The impure tartar 
derived from wine; crude potassium bitartrate. See 
tartar. 

argon (ar'-gon) [apyos, idle; inactive]. An inert 
gaseous element present in the atmosphere. Its 
symbol is A; atomic weight, 39-88. Argon may be 
obtained by freeing air, which has been deprived of 
its carbon dioxide and water, from oxygen by means 
of red-hot copper, and then absorbing the nitrogen 
by means of metallic magnesium. The residual gas, 
the passage of the gases being repeated a number of 
times, is argon. Chemically, it is the most inert 
element known. 

argonin (ar'-go-nin). Silver casein; a soluble, anti- 
septic silver salt. 

Argyll Robertson pupil (ar'-gil) [Douglas Argyll 
Robertson, Scotch physician, 1837-1909]. A pupil 
that acts to accommodation but not to light; it is seen 
in tabes dorsalis, paretic dementia, in some cases of 
•encephalomalacia, senile brain atrophy, syphilis, 
hydrocephalus, etc. 

argyria (ar-ji'-re-ah) [argentum]. A form of dis- 
coloration of the skin and mucous membranes pro- 
duced by the prolonged administration of silver, the 
granules of silver being deposited in much the same 
position as those of the natural pigment of the skin. 

argyriasis (ar-jir-i'-as-is). See argyria. 

argyrism (ar'-jir-izm). Argyria. 

argyritis (ar-jir-i'-tis). Yellow or silver litharge; 
lead monoxide of a yellow color. 

argyrol (ar'-jir-ol). A soluble silver salt obtained 
by combining a proteid of wheat with 30 % of silver. 
It is used in gonorrhea. Syn., silver vitelline. 

argyrosis (ar-ji-ro'-sis). Same as argyria (q. v.). 

arhinencephalia. See arrhinencephalia. 

arhinia (ah-rin'-e-ah) [a, priv.; pis, nose]. Con- 
genital absence of the nose. 

arhovin (ar'-o-vin). Addition-product of diphenyl- 
amine and thymylbenzoic acid ester, used in the 
treatment of gonorrhea. 

arhythmia (ar-ith'-me-ah). See arrhythmia. 

Arica bark. Calisaya bark exported from Arica, 
Chili. It contains the alkaloid, aricine. 

aricine (ar'-is-en) [Arica], C23H26N2O4. An alka- 
loid obtained from several varieties of cinchona- 
bark. 

aridura (ar-id-u'-rah) [L.]. Dryness; a drying up, 
withering, or wasting of a part, or of the organism 
as a whole. _ 2. Hectic fever. 

aristocardia (ar-is-to-kar'-de-ah) [i-piarepos, left; 
KapSla, heart]. Deviation of the heart to the left side. 

aristochin (ar-is' '-to-kin). The ester of diquinine 
carbonic acid; it is a white, tasteless powder con- 
taining 96 per cent, of quinine. 

aristol (ar'-is-tol) [apiaros, best], (C6H2CH3OI .- 
C3H7)2. Dithymoliodide. It is also called annidalin, 
although this is dithymoltriiodide. An iodine com- 
pound used as a substitute for iodoform as an anti- 
septic dressing. It has the advantage of being odor- 
less, and is used either in the powder form or as a 
5 to 10 % ointment with vaselin or lanolin. 

Aristolochia (ar-is-to-lo'-ke-ah) [apiaros, best; 
Xox«'a, the lochia]. A genus of exogenous herbs, 



ARISTOLOCHIC 



85 



AROMATIC 



many species of which have active medicinal qualities. 
A. clematitis, of Europe, has been used as a tonic, 
stimulant, and diaphoretic. A. cymbifera, of South 
America, furnishes a part of the drug called guaco, 
and is a good tonic and stimulant, A. rotunda, a 
species of southern Europe, with offensive odor and 
bitter taste, is employed as an emmenagogue and in 
gout. A. serpentaria, Virginia snakeroot, is at 
present more used in medicine than any other species. 
See serpentaria. 

aristolochic {ar-is-to-lo'-kik) [apiaros, best; Xoxeia, 
the lochia], i. Having the property of expelling the 
placenta, or of exciting or promoting the lochial 
discharge. 2. A medicine used for expelling the 
secundines or for exciting the lochial flow. 

aristolochin (ar-is-to-lo'-kin) [see Aristolochia]. 
A bitter principle found in Virginia snakeroot. 
See serpentaria. 

aristoquin (ar-is' -to-kwin) . Same as aristochin. 

Aristotle's experiment [Aristotle, Greek philoso- 
pher, 384-322 B. C.]. The eyes being closed, when 
a small spherical object is placed between two crossed 
fingers of one hand so that it touches the radial side 
of one and the ulnar side of the other, the sensation 
produced is that of two objects. 

arithmomania (ar-ith-mo-ma' -ne-ah) [api6p.6s, a 
number; iiavla, madness]. An insane anxiety with 
regard to the number of things that fall under the 
observation. Sometimes it consists in constant or 
uncalled-for counting of objects, sometimes in the 
mere repeating of consecutive numbers. 

arkyochrome (ar'-ke-o-krom) [apKvs, a net; xpwm«. 
a color]. A somatochrome nerve-cell in which the 
stainable portion of the cell-body appears in the 
form of network. 

arkyostichochrome (ar-ke-o-stik'-o-krom) [apKvs, a 
net; arlxos, a row or rank; xp^M -. a color]. Applied 
by Nissl to a nerve-cell in which the chromophilic 
particles of its cell-body present a combination of 
both the striated (stichochrome) and network 
(arkyochrome) arrangements, so that it is difficult 
to decide which dominates; e. g., the Purkinje cells 
of the cerebral cortex. 

arlco-urease (arl'-ko-u'-re-as). A preparation of 
the urealytic enzyme obtained from the soy bean, 
Soja hispida. It decomposes urea into ammonia and 
carbon dioxide; and is used to determine the amount 
of urea in the urine, blood and other body fluids. 

Arlt's ointment [Carl Ferdinand Ritter von Arlt, 
Austrian physician, 1812-1887]. An ointment con- 
taining 7| gr. (0.5 Gm.) of belladonna to i{ dr. (5 
Gm.) of blue ointment. A.'s recess, A.'s sinus, a 
small depression, directed forward and outward, in 
the lower portion of the lacrimal sac; it is not con- 
stant. A.'s trachoma, granular conjunctivitis; tra- 
choma. 

Arlt- Jaesche's operation [see Arlt's ointment.] For 
distichiasis; the edge of the lid and the contained 
ciliary bulbs are dissected from the tarsus, a crescent- 
shaped piece of skin is removed from the lid above the 
flap, and the edges of the wound are united, thus 
transplanting the ciliary bulbs farther away from 
the edge of the lids. 

arm. 1. The upper extremity from the shoulder 
to the elbow. 2. The upper extremity from the 
shoulder to the wrist. 3. That portion of the stand 
connecting the body or tube of a microscope with the 
pillar, a. center, the cortical center for the move- 
ment of the arm; it is situated in the middle third of 
the ascending frontal and ascending parietal con- 
volutions, a., milk, phlegmasia alba dohns in the 
arm. 

armamentarium (ar-ma-men-ta'-re-um) [L., an 
arsenal]. The outfit of medicines or instruments of 
the physician or surgeon, a. chirurgicum, surgical 
instruments and appliances, a. lucinae, an outfit of 
obstetrical instruments. 

Armanni-Ehrlich's degeneration. Hyaline degen- 
eration of the epithelial cells of Henle's looped tubes 
in diabetes. 

armarium (ar-ma'-re-um) [L.]. 1. Same as arma- 
mentarium. 2. The literary* outfit of a physician or 
surgeon, his library. 

armature (ar'-mat-chur) [armatura, equipment]. 
1. A mass of soft iron at the extremity of a magnet. 
Also, the core of iron around which coils of insulated 
wire are wound. 2. Any protective investment of 
an organism. 3. A condenser. 

Armenian (ar-me' -ne-an) [Armenia]. Of or be- 
longing to Armenia. A. blue. Same as ultramarine. 



A. bole, a reddish, unctuous earth or clay formerly 
much used in medicine, now used in tooth-powders 
and in veterinary practice. It is absorbent and 
astringent. 

armilla (ar-mil'-dh) [armilla, a bracelet, ring]. 
1. The annular ligament of the wrist. 2. The Gas- 
serian ganglion. 

armpit (arm' -pit) [armus, shoulder; puteus, a well]. 
The axilla. 

army itch. A distressing, chronic form of itch 
prevalent in the United States at the close of the 
civil war. The itching was intense. The eruption 
was seen especially on the arms, forearms, chest, 
abdomen, and lower extremities, particularly on the 
ulnar side of the forearm and inner aspect of the thigh. 
It resembled prurigo associated with vesicles, pus- 
tules, and eczema. 

Arneth's classification of neutrophiles (ar'-ndt) 
[Joseph Arneth, German physician, 1873- ]. The 
polynuclear neutrophiles are classified according to 
the number of nuclear lobes which they contain. 
The normal is said to be: 1 lobe, 5 per cent.; 2 lobes, 
35 per cent.; 3 lobes, 41 per cent.; 4 lobes, 17 per 
cent. ; and 5 lobes, 2 per cent. 

Arnica (ar'-nik-ah) [L.]. A genus of composite- 
flowered plants. The arnica of the U- S. P. is the 
dried flower-heads of the plant commonly known as 
"leopardsbane," A. montana. The root (arnica, 
radix) is official in the B. P. Its properties are 
probably due to an alkaloid, trimethylamine, C3H9X. 
In small doses it is a cardiac stimulant; in larger 
doses, a depressant. It is a popular remedy, when 
locally applied, for sprains, bruises, and surface 
wounds. Dose 15 gr- (1 Gm.). a., infusion of (20 
parts flowers, 100 parts water), superior to the 
tincture for local use. a. plaster, contains extract of 
root, 33; lead-plaster, 67 parts, a. root, extract of. 
Dose 3-5 gr. (0.2-0.3 Gm.). a. root, fluidextract of. 
Dose 5-10 min. (0.3-0.065 Cc). a. root, tincture of, 
10 %. Dose 5-30 min. (0.3-2.0 Cc). a., tincture of 
(tinctura arnica, U. S. P.), 20 %. Dose 15-30 min. 
(1-2 Cc). 

arnicin (ar'-nis-in) [arnica], C20H30O4. A brownish, 
bitter neutral principle extracted from the root of 
Arnica montana. 

Arnold's bundle [Friedrich Arnold, German anato- 
mist, 1803-1890]. The fibers which form the inner 
third of the crusta of the cerebral peduncles. A.'s 
canal, a small canal in the petrous portion of the 
temporal bone, transmitting Arnold's nerve. A.'s 
fold. See Beraud's valve. A.'s ganglion, the otic 
ganglion. A.'s ground plexus, a plexus formed by 
the axis-cylinders of nonmedullated nerve-fibers in 
smooth muscular tissue. A.'s innominate canal, a 
nonconstant canal in the base of the skull, internally 
to the foramen rotundum; it transmits the super- 
ficial and deep petrosal branches that have become 
fused into one nerve. A.'s ligament, the ligament 
connecting the body of the incus with the roof of 
the tympanic cavity. A.'s membrane, the pig- 
mentary layer of the iris. A.'s nerve, the auricular 
branch of the pneumogastric nerve. A.'s oper- 
culum, the operculum of the island of Reil. A.'s 
recurrent nerve, a sensory branch of the ophthalmic 
division of the trigeminus that anastomoses with the 
trochlear nerve and is distributed to the tentorium 
cerebelli and the posterior part of the falx cerebri. 
A.'s stratum reticulatum, the network formed by 
the fibers connecting the occipital lobe with the 
optic thalamus before they enter the latter. 

Arnott's bed (ar'-not) [Neil Arnott, Scotch physi- 
cian, 1788-1874]. A rubber mattress filled with 
water, designed to prevent bedsores. 

Arnoux's sign (ar-noo'). In case of twins, a stethe- 
scope applied over the mother's abdomen at a point 
about midway between the two fetal hearts will 
sometimes enable the physician to hear an apparent 
unison, and at other times a distinct rhythm of four 
beats; the double and quadruple rhythm alternate 
with great regularity. 

aroma (ar-o'-mah) [apufia, spice]. The fragrance 
or odor emanating from certain vegetable substances, 
especially those used for food and drink. 

aromatic (ar-o-mat'-ik) [see aroma], 1. Having a 
spicy odor. 2. A substance characterized by a fra- 
grant, spicy taste and odor, as cinnamon, ginger, the 
essential oils, etc. 3. A qualification applied to any 
carbon compound originating from benzene, CeHe. 
Their stability is relatively great as compared with 
that of the fatty bodies, a. acids, those derived 



AROMATIN 



86 



ARSENO- 



from the benzene group of hydrocarbons, a. com- 
pound, any benzyl derivative, a. fluidextract, aro- 
matic powder, ioo; alcohol, sufficient to make ioo Cc. 
a. powder. See cinnamomum. a. sulphuric acid. 
See acid, sulphuric, a. tincture, an alcoholic solu- 
tion of aromatic powder, a. vinegar, any mixture of 
aromatic oils in vinegar, a. wine, a wine containing 
in each ioo parts i part each of lavender, origanum, 
peppermint, rosemary, sage, and wormwood. 

aromatin (ar-o'-mal-in). A succedaneum for hops. 

aromatize (ar-o'-mat-tz) [apu>p.a, spice]. To make 
aromatic; to spice. 

aromin (ar-o'-min) [see aroma]. A substance 
derived from urine. When heated, it emits a fragrant 
odor. 

Aronson's serum (ar'-on-suri) [Hans Aronson, 
German bacteriologist, 1865- ]. An antistrep- 
tococcus serum obtained from horses that have been 
treated with highly virulent cultures. 

arophene (ar'-o-fen). A proprietary dental anes- 
thetic. 

arphoaline (ar-fo'-al-en). A preparation con- 
taining arsenic, phosphorus and albumin; it is used 
as a local application for cancers and ulcers. 

arrachement (ar-ash-mon(g)') [Ft., a tearing out]. 
Tearing out; extraction. 

arrack (ar'-ak) [Ind.]. A liquor distilled from 
malted rice. Any alcoholic liquor is called arrack 
in the East. 

arrector (ar-ek'-lor) [L., "an erector"]. An erector. 
a. pili, a fan-like arrangement of a layer of smooth 
muscular fibers surrounding the hair-follicle, the 
contraction of which erects the follicle and produces 
cutis anserina, or "goose-skin." 

arrectores pilorum (ar-ek-to'-rez pi-lo'-rum) [L.]. 
Plural of arrector pili, q. v. 

arrest (ar-esf) [ad, to; restore, to withstand]. 
1. Stoppage, detention. 2. A disease of a mangy 
character affecting the hind leg of horses between the 
ham and postern, a., action of, inhibition (q. v.). 
arrested development, is when an organ or organism 
fails in its normal evolution, stopping at the initial 
or intermediate stages of the process, arrested head, 
when in parturition the child's head is hindered but 
not impacted in the pelvic cavity. 

arrhea (ah-re'-ah) [a, priv.; pola, a flow]. The 
cessation or suppression of any discharge. 

arrhenal (ar'-en-al). A monomethyl sodium 
arsenate, recommended in treatment of tuberculosis. 
Dose f gr. (0.05 Gm.) daily. 

Arrhenius' law (ah-ra'-ne-oos) [Svante August 
Arrhenius, Swedish chemist, 1859- ]. A solu- 
tion must have a high osmotic pressure in order to 
be electrically conductive. .. 

arrhinencephalia (ar-in-en-sef-al'-e-ah) [&, priv.; 
pis, nose; lyKktj>a\ov, the brain]. A form of partial 
anencephalia in which there is malformation of the 
nose. 

arrhinia (ah-rin'-e-ah). Congenital absence of the 
nose. 

arrhythmia (ah-rith'-me-ah) [&, priv.; pvdp.6s, 
rhythm]. Absence of rhythm. 

arrhythmic (ah-rith'-mik) [see arrhythmia]. With- 
out rhythm; irregular. 

arrosion (ar-o'-zhun) [arrodere, to gnaw]. The 
gnawing or destruction of vessel-walls by ulcerous 
processes. 

arrow-poison (ar-o-poi'-zun). See curara. 

arrowroot (ar'-o-root) [ME., arow; roote). A 
variety of starch derived from Maranta arundinacea 
of the West Indies, southern United States, etc. 
It is a popular remedy for diarrhea, and is widely 
used as a food. Many other starchy preparations 
are sold as arrow-root. 

arsacetin (ars-as'-et-in). Sodium acetyl arsanilate; 
acetyl atoxyl. It is an organic arsenic compound 
used in sleeping-sickness, syphilis, and skin diseases. 

arsamine (ars'-am-en). Same as atoxyl. 

arsan (ar'-san). An organic arsenic preparation 
consisting of vegetable protein with about 4 per cent, 
of arsenic. 

arsanilate (ar-san'-il-at). A salt of arsanilic acid. 

arsenate, arseniate (ar'-sen-at, ar-se'-ne-at) [ar- 
senic]. Any salt of arsenic acid, a., acid, a mono- 
hydric or dihydric arsenate, a., basic, an arsenate 
combined with the oxide or hydrate of a base, a., 
dihydric. 1. An acid arsenate containing two atoms 
of hydrogen. 2. See pyroarsenic acid, a., mono- 
hydric. 1. An acid arsenate containing one atom of 
hydrogen. 2. Metarsenic acid, HAs03, a crystalline 



substance obtained from arsenic trioxide by heating 
above 200 C. a., neutral. 1. A normal arsenate. 
2. A pyroarsenate. 

arsenauro (ar-sen-aw'-ro). A double bromide of 
gold and arsenic; 10 min. contain 3 V gr. each of gold 
and arsenic bromides. It is an alterative and a tonic. 
Dose 5-15 min. (0.3-1.0 Cc.) in water three times 
daily. 

arsenglidin (ar-sen-gli'-din). Same as arsan. 

arsenhemol (ar -sen-hem' -ol). A compound of 
hemol and 1 % of arsenic trioxide, forming a brown 
powder. It is used as a substitute for arsenic as an 
alterative and hematinic. Dose 2 gr. (0.1 Gm.) 3. 
times daily. 

arseniasis (ar-sen-i'-as-is). Same as arsenism. 

arsenic, arsenicum, arsenum (ar'-sen-ik, ar-sen'-i- 
kum, ar-se'-num). 1. As = 74.96 ; quanti valence III, V. 
A brittle, crystalline metal, of a steel-gray color, 
tarnishing on exposure to the air. Sp. gr. 5.73. It 
sublimes at 180 C, and gives off a garlicky odor. 
In medicine arsenic is used as an alterative in anemia,, 
chronic malaria, asthma, pulmonary tuberculosis, 
as a gastric sedative, and in chorea. 2. Arsenic 
trioxide. 3. Pertaining to arsenic, a. bromide, 
AsBn, is used in diabetes. Dose 6 V gr. (0.001 Gm.). 
a. bromide, solution of {liquor arseni bromidi), 
Clemens' solution, a 1 % solution of arsenic bromide. 
Dose 1-4 min. (0.06-0.24 Cc). a., butter of. See 
a. chloride, a. caseinate, a soluble arsenic com- 
pound for internal administration, a. chloride, 
AsCl3, a colorless, oily liquid decomposed by water. 
Dose ws—Tsgr. (0.001-0.004 Gm.). Syn., butter of 
arsenic; chloride of caustic arsenic, a. disulphide, 
AS2S2, occurs native as realgar. Syn., sandaraca; 
red sulphide of arsenic; red arsenic. An artificial 
disulphide of arsenic is prepared in the arsenic works 
and contains about 15 % of arsenic and 27 % of 
sulphur. Syn., red arsenic glass; ruby sulphur; red 
orpiment. a., flowers of, a fine white powder, formed 
by the sublimation of arsenic trioxide. a. glass, a 
term applied to the vitreous mass obtained either by 
heating arsenic pyrites with sulphurous ores, or by 
the resublimation of the "flowers of arsenic" ob- 
tained by subliming arsenic pyrites. Syn., white 
arsenic glass, a. iodide (arseni iodidum, U. S. P.), 
arsenous iodide, Asl3. Dose ■£$ — | gr. (0.003-0.008 
Gm.). a. iodide, solution of mercuric and of (liquor 
arseni et hydrargyri iodidi, U. S. P.) , Donovan's solu- 
tion; contains arsenous iodide, 10 Gm.; red mercuric 
iodide, 10 Gm.; distilled water, q. s. to make 1000 
Gm. a., test for. See Bettendorf, Marsh, Reinsch. 
a. trioxide (arseni trioxidum, U. S. P.), AS2O3, arsenous 
acid; "ratsbane." Dose 5 V — $ gr. (0.002-0.006 Gm.). 
Syn., white arsenic, a. trioxide, solution of (liquor 
acidi arsenosi, U. S. P.; liquor arsenici hydrochloricus, 
B. P.), a 1 % solution of the trioxide in hydrochloric 
acid and distilled water. Dose 2-5 min. (0.12-0.3 
Cc). a. trisulphide, AS2S3, translucent, lemon- 
colored, rhombic prisms, occurring in nature; sp. gr. 
3.46; a corrosive and depilating agent recommended 
for removal of warts. Syn., orpiment; yellow sulphide 
of arsenic; arsenicum (Pliny) ;_ arsenii sulphidum 
citrinum; King's yellow, a., white. See a. trioxide. 

arsenical (ar-sen'-ik-al) [arsenum, arsenic]. Per- 
taining to arsenic. 

arsenicalism, (ar-sen'-ik-al-izm,) [arsenic]. Chronic 
arsenic poisoning. 

arsenicate (ar-sen'-ik-at). To impregnate with 
arsenic. _ 

arsenicophagy (ar-sen-ik-off'-a-je) [arsenum, ar- 
senic; <f>aytiv, to eat]. The habitual eating of arsenic. 

arsenide (ar' -sen-id). A compound of arsenic with 
another element. 

arsenionization (ar-sen-i-on-i-za'-shun). The elec- 
trical administration of arsenic ions into the tissues. 

arseniophosphate (ar-sen-e-o-fos'-fat). A com- 
pound of a base with both arsenic and phosphoric 
acids. 

arsenism (ar'-sen-izm) [arsenum, arsenic]. Chronic 
arsenical poisoning; arsenicalism. 

arsenite (ar' -sen-it) [arsenic]. Any salt of arsenous 
acid. 

arseniureted (ar-sen'-yu-ret-ed). Combined with 
arsenic so as to form an arsenide, a. hydrogen, 
arsine, AsH3- 

arsenization (ar-sen-iz-a'-shun) [arsenum, arsenic]. 
Treatment with arsenical remedies. 

arseno-. (ar'-se-no). Arsenic combined in the form 
— As=As— . Thus arsenobenzol is C6H5— As=As 
-CeH 5 . 



ARSENOBENZOL 



87 



ARTERIA 



arsenobenzol (ar-sen-o-ben'-zol). i. See arseno-. 
2. See salvarsan. 

arsenoblast {ar-sen'-o-blast) [ap<jr)v, male; /SXao-ros, 
germ]. In biology, the male element of the sexual 
cell, capable of multiplication by division; the 
opposite of the thelyblast or female element. 

arsenocerebrin (ar-sen-o-ser'-e-brin). A propri- 
etary preparation said to contain cerebrin and 
sodium cacodylate; it is suggested for use in epilepsy. 

arsenophenylglycin {ar-sen-o-fen-il-gli'-sin). A 
synthetic arsenic compound, a substitution-product 
of atoxyl, used in syphilis, trypanosomiasis and 
protozoan diseases in general. 

arsenous (ar-se'-nus) [arsenic]. Containing arsenic. 
a. acid. See arsenic trioxide. 

arsine (ar'-sin). Arseniureted hydrogen, AsH3. 

arsins (ar'-sinz) [arsenic]. Peculiar volatile 
arsenic bases found by Selmi to be produced by the 
contact of arsenic trioxide and albuminous sub- 
stances. 

arsinyl (ar'-sin-il). The proprietary name for 
disodium-methylarsenate, a nontoxic substance allied 
to cacodyl and free from its garlicky odor. It is 
said to be a powerful tonic. Dose § gr. (0.03 Gm.) 
twice daily. 

arsonate (ar'-so-nat). A salt of arsonic acid. 

arsonic acid {arson' -ik). An acid derived from 
arsenic acid by the substitution of an organic radical 
for one of the hydroxyl groups. 

arsonium (ar-so'-ne-um) [arsenic; ammonium], 
AsH4. A univalent radical in which arsenic replaces 
the nitrogen of ammonium. 

Arsonvalization {ar-son-val-iz-a' -shun) [d'Arsonval, 
French physiologist and physicist, 1851- ]. The 
therapeutic application of Tesla currents. 

arsycodile (ar-sik'-od-il). 1. A chemically pure 
cacodylate of sodium, a nontoxic salt used in emaci- 
ation. Doae I gr. (0.03 Gm.) 4 times daily. 2. The 
trade name of a number of preparations containing 
sodium cacodylate. 

artarine (ar' '-tar-en). An alkaloid, C20H17NO4, 
from artar root; it is a cardiac stimulant, with action 
similar to veratrine. 

artar root (ar'-tar root) . A drug from West Africa, 
probably the root of Xanthoxylum senegalense. 

artefact (ar'-te-fakt) [arte, by art: factum, made]. 
In microscopy and histology, a structure that has 
been produced by mechanical, chemical, or other arti- 
ficial means; a structure or tissue that has been 
changed from its natural state. 

Artemisia (ar-tem-iz'-e-ah) ["Apre/xis, the goddess 
Diana]. A genus of plants of the order Composites. 
A. abrotanum, southern- wood, is stimulant, tonic, 
and vermifuge, and is popularly used as a vulnerary. 
It is similar in properties to wormwood. Dose of 
fluidexlract 10-20 min. (0.6-1.2 Cc). A. absinth- 
ium. See absinthium. A. abyssinica, an African 
species yielding the drug zerechtit, applied to relieve 
cramps in the final stages of malaria. A. arbores- 
cens, of southern Europe, is stomachic and tonic, 
and is used as is A. absinthium. A. chinensis, 
of Asia, is employed by the Chinese as a tonic 
and emmenagogue, and the down covering the 
leaf-surface in the preparation of moxa. A. frigida, 
wild sage, mountain sage, sierra salvia. An herb of 
western United States, introduced as a substitute for 
quinine in the treatment of periodic fevers. Also of 
service in diphtheria, rheumatism, and scarlatina. 
Dose of the fluidextract 1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc). A. mari- 
tima, affords pure wormseed. A. mexicana, an 
American species, is said to be a stimulant, emmena- 
gogue, and anthelmintic. A. pontica, Roman worm- 
wood; it grows in Europe and Asia, has a pleasant 
odor and taste, and is used as a tonic and stimulant; 
it is burned in Egypt during the plague to ward off 
contagion. A. santonica, a species of Persia and 
Tartary, a variety of wormseed sometimes imported 
from Russia. A. spicata, an Alpine species with 
strong aromatic properties. A. tridentata, sage- 
brush, a shrub of the elevated portion of western 
North America, containing a pungent volatile oil. 
It is diaphoretic and stimulant. The Indians use 
an infusion of the plant as remedial for colds and 
headache and as a vermifuge. A. trifida, is found 
in the valleys of Utah and Wyoming, and has proper- 
ties similar to .4. tridentata. A. vulgaris, mugwort, 
a popular remedy in various diseases. 

arterenol (ar-te-re'-nol). A proprietary drug, said 
to have an action similar to suprarenal preparations. 

arteria (ar-te'-re-ah) [aprepia' trachea; artery.] 



A hollow tube. See artery, a. acetabuli, artery of 
the acetabulum, a. alveolaris inferior, inferior 
dental artery, a. alveolaris superior anterior, 
anterior superior dental artery, a. alveolaris 
superior posterior, posterior dental artery, a. angu- 
laris, angular artery, a. anonyma, innominate 
artery, a. appendicularis, appendicular artery. 
a. arcuata, arcuate or metatarsal artery, a. auditiva 
interna, auditory artery, a. auricularis posterior, 
posterior auricular artery, a. auricularis profunda, 
deep auricular artery, a. axillaris, axillary artery. 
a. basilaris, basilar artery, a. brachialis, brachial 
artery, a. bronchialis, bronchial artery, a. bucci- 
natoria, buccal artery, a. bulbi urethras, artery of 
the bulb of the urethra, a. bulbi vestibuli (vagina;), 
artery of the vestibular bulb of the vagina, a. canalis 
pterygoidei (Vidii), Vidian artery, a. carotis com- 
munis, common carotid artery, a. carotis externa, 
external carotid artery, a. carotis interna, internal 
carotid artery, a. centralis retinae, central artery of 
the retina, a. cerebelli inferior anterior, anterior 
inferior cerebellar artery, a. cerebelli inferior pos- 
terior, posterior inferior cerebellar artery, a. cere- 
belli superior, superior cerebellar artery, a. cerebri 
anterior, anterior cerebral artery, a. cerebri media, 
middle cerebral artery, a. cerebri posterior, pos- 
terior cerebral artery. a. cervicalis ascendens, 
ascending cervical artery, a. cervicalis profunda, 
deep cervical artery, a. cervicalis superficialis, 
superficial cervical artery, a. chorioidea, anterior 
choroidal artery, a. ciliaris anterior, anterior ciliary 
artery, a. ciliaris posterior brevis, short posterior 
ciliary artery, a. ciliaris posterior longa, long pos- 
terior ciliary artery, a. circumfiexa femoris lateralis, 
external circumflex artery, a. circumfiexa femoris 
medialis, internal circumflex artery, a. circumfiexa 
humeri anterior, anterior circumflex artery, a. cir- 
cumfiexa humeri posterior, posterior circumflex 
artery, a. circumfiexa ilium profunda, deep circum- 
flex iliac artery, a. circumfiexa ilium superficialis, 
superficial circumflex iliac artery, a. circumfiexa 
scapulae, dorsalis scapulae artery. a. clitoridis, 
artery of the clitoris, a. cceliaca, celiac artery or axis. 
a. colica dextra, right colic artery- a- colica media, 
middle colic artery, a. colica sinistra, left colic 
artery. a. collateralis media, middle collateral 
artery, a. collateralis radialis, articular branch of 
superior profunda artery, a. collateralis ulnaris 
inferior, anastomotica magna artery, a. collateralis 
ulnaris superior, inferior profunda artery, a. comi- 
tans nervi ischiadici, comes nervi ischiadici, or com- 
panion artery of the sciatic artery, a. communicans 
anterior, anterior communicating artery, a. com- 
municans posterior, posterior communicating artery. 
a. conjunctivalis anterior, anterior conjunctival 
artery, a. conjunctivalis posterior, posterior con- 
junctival artery, a. coronaria (cordis) dextra, right 
coronary artery, a. coronaria (cordis) sinistra, left 
coronary artery, a. cystica, cystic artery, a. defer- 
entialis, deferential artery, a. digitalis dorsalis, 
dorsal digital artery, a. digitalis plantaris, collateral 
digital branch artery, a. digitalis volaris communis, 
palmar digital artery, or collateral digital artery. 
a. dorsalis clitoridis, dorsal artery of the clitoris. 
a. dorsalis nasi, dorsal artery of the nose. a. dorsalis 
pedis, dorsal artery of the foot. a. dorsalis penis, 
dorsal artery of the penis, a. epigastrica inferior, 
deep epigastric artery, a. epigastrica superficialis, 
superficial epigastric artery, a. epigastrica superior, 
superior epigastric artery, a. episcleralis, episcleral 
artery, a. ethmoidalis anterior, anterior ethmoidal 
artery, a. ethmoidalis posterior, posterior ethmoidal 
artery, a. femoralis, femoral artery, a. frontalis, 
frontal artery, a. gastrica dextra, pyloric artery. 
a. gastrica sinistra, gastric or coronary artery. 
a. gastroduodenalis, gastroduodenal artery- a. 
gastroepiploica dextra, right gastro-epiploic artery. 
a. gastroepiploica sinistra, left gastro-epiploic artery. 
a. genu inferior lateralis, inferior external articular 
artery, a. genu inferior medialis, inferior internal 
articular artery, a. genu media, azygos articular 
artery, a. genu superior lateralis, superior external 
articular artery, a. genu superior medialis, superior 
internal articular artery, a. genu suprema, anasto- 
motica magna (of knee), a. glutaea inferior, sciatic 
artery, a. glutaea superior, (superior) gluteal artery. 
a. haemorrhoidalis inferior, inferior hemorrhoidal 
artery, a. haemorrhoidalis media, middle hemor- 
rhoidal artery, a. haemorrhoidalis superior, superior 
hemorrhoidal artery, a. helicina, a spiral artery, a. 



ARTERIA 



ARTERIODIASTASIS 



hepatica, hepatic artery, a. hyaloidea, hyaloid artery. 
a. hypogastrica, internal iliac artery, a. ilea, ileal 
artery, one of the rami intestini tenuis arteries, a. ileo- 
colica, ileocolic artery, a. iliaca communis, common 
iliac artery, a. iliaca externa, external iliac artery, a. 
iliolumbalis, iliolumbar artery, a. infraorbitalis, 
infraorbital artery. _ a. intercostalis, intercostal 
artery, a. intercostalis suprema, superior intercostal 
artery, a. interlobaris renis, interlobar artery of 
kidney, a. interossea communis, common interos- 
seous artery. a. interossea dorsalis, posterior 
interosseous artery, a. interossea recurrens, pos- 
terior interosseous recurrent artery, a. interossea 
volaris, anterior interosseous artery, a. jejunalis, 
jejunal artery, a. labialis anterior, anterior scrotal 
or labial artery, a. labialis inferior, inferior labial or 
coronary artery. a. labialis posterior, posterior 
labial artery, a. labialis superior, superior labial or 
coronary artery. a. lacrimalis, lacrimal artery. 
a. laryngea inferior, inferior laryngeal artery, a. 
laryngea superior, superior laryngeal artery. a. 
lienalis, splenic artery, a. ligamenti teretis uteri, 
artery of the round ligament of the uterus, a. lingu- 
alis, lingual artery, a. lumbalis, lumbar artery. 
a. lumbalia ima, lowest lumbar artery, a. malleo- 
laris anterior lateralis, external malleolar artery. 
a. malleolaris anterior medialis, internal malleolar 
artery, a. malleolaris posterior lateralis, posterior 
peroneal artery, a. malleolaris posterior medialis, 
internal malleolar artery, a. mammaria interna, 
internal mammary artery, a. masseterica, masseteric 
artery, a. maxillaris externa, facial artery, a. maxil- 
laris interna, internal maxillary artery, a. mediana, 
median artery, a. mediastinalis anterior, anterior 
mediastinal artery, a. meningea anterior, anterior 
meningeal artery. a. meningea media, middle 
meningeal artery, a. meningea posterior, posterior 
meningeal artery. a. mentalis, mental artery. 
a. mesenterica inferior, inferior mesenteric artery. 
a. mesenterica superior, superior mesenteric artery. 
a. musculophrenica, musculophrenic artery. a. 
nutritia femoris inferior, inferior nutrient artery of 
femur, a. nutritia femoris superior, superior nutrient 
artery of femur, a. nutritia fibulae, nutrient artery 
of fibula, a. nutritia humeri, nutrient artery of the 
humerus, a. nutritia pelvis renalis, nutrient artery 
of renal pelvis, a. nutritia tibia?, nutrient artery of 
tibia, a. obturatoria, obturator artery, a. occipi- 
talis, occipital artery, a. cesophagea, esophageal 
arlery. a. ophthalmica, ophthalmic artery, a. ovarica, 
ovarian artery, a. palatina ascendens, ascending 
palatine artery, a. palatina descendens, descending 
palatine artery, a. palatina major, greater palatine 
arcery. a. palatina minor, lesser palatine artery. 
a. palpebralis lateralis, lateral palpebral artery, a. 
palpebralis medialis, middle or internal palpebral 
artery, a. pancreaticoduodenalis inferior, inferior 
pancreaticoduodenal artery, a. pancreaticoduoden- 
alis superior, superior pancreaticoduodenal artery. 
a. penis, artery of penis, a. perforans prima, first 
perforating artery, a. perforans secunda, second 
perforating artery, a. perforans tertia, third per- 
forating artery, a. pericardiacophrenica, the comes 
nervi phrenici. a. perinei, superficial perineal artery. 
a. peronaea, peroneal artery, a. phrenica inferior, 
inferior phrenic artery, a. phrenica superior, superior 
phrenic artery, a. plantaris lateralis, external plantar 
artery, a. plantaris medialis, internal plantar artery. 
a. poplitea, popliteal artery, a. princeps pollicis, 
principal artery of thumb, a. profunda brachii, 
superior profunda artery, a. profunda clitoridis, 
deep artery of clitoris, a. profunda femoris, deep 
femoral artery, a. profunda linguae, ranine artery. 
a. profunda penis, artery to the corpus cavernosum. 
a. pudenda externa, external pudic artery- a. 
pudenda interna, internal pudic artery, a. pulmo- 
nalis, pulmonary artery, a. radialis, radial artery. 
a. recurrens radialis, radial recurrent artery, a. 
recurrens tibialis posterior, posterior recurrent tibial 
artery, a. renalis, renal artery, a. recurrens ulnaris, 
recurrent ulnar artery, a. sacralis lateralis, lateral 
sacral artery, a. sacralis media, middle sacral 
artery- a. scrotalis anterior, anterior scrotal artery. 
a. sigmoidea, sigmoid artery, a. spermatica externa, 
cremasteric artery, a. spermatica interna, (internal) 
spermatic artery, a. sphenopalatina, sphenopalatine 
or nasopalatine artery, a. spinalis anterior, anterior 
or ventral spinal artery, a. spinalis posterior, pos- 
terior or dorsal spinal artery, a. sternocleidomas- 
toidea, sternomastoid artery, a. stylomastoidea, 



stylomastoid artery. a. subclavia, subclavian 
artery, a. sublingualis, sublingual artery, a. sub- 
mentalis, submental artery, a. subscapularis, sub- 
scapular artery. a. supraorbitals, supraorbital 
artery, a. suprarenalis inferior, inferior suprarenal 
artery, a. suprarenalis media, middle capsular 
artery, a. tarsea lateralis, lateral tarsal artery. 
a. tarsea medialis, medial tarsal artery, a. tem- 
poralis media, middle temporal artery, a. temporalis 
profunda anterior, anterior deep temporal artery. 
a. temporalis profunda posterior, posterior deep 
temporal artery, a. temporalis superficialis, super- 
ficial temporal artery, a. testicularis, testicular 
artery, a. thoracalis lateralis, long thoracic artery. 
a. thoracalis suprema, superior thoracic artery. 
a. thoracoacromialis, acromiothoracic artery or 
thoracic axis. a. thoracodorsalis, thoracodorsal 
artery, a. thymica, thymic artery, a. thyreoidea 
ima, lowest thyroid artery, a. thyreoidea inferior, 
inferior thyroid artery, a. thyreoidea superior, 
superior thyroid artery, a. tibialis anterior, anterior 
tibial artery, a. tibialis posterior, posterior tibial 
artery, a. transversa colli, transversalis colli, a. 
transversa faciei, transverse artery of face. a. trans- 
versa scapulas, suprascapular artery, a. tympanica 
anterior, anterior tympanic artery, a. tympanica 
inferior, inferior tympanic artery, a. tympanica 
posterior, posterior tympanic artery, a. tympanica 
superior, superior tympanic artery, a. ulnaris, ulnar 
artery, a. umbilicalis, umbilical artery, a. ureth- 
ralis, urethral artery, a. uterina, uterine artery. 
a. vaginalis, vaginal artery, a. vertebralis, vertebral 
artery, a. vesicalis inferior, inferior vesical artery. 
a. vesicalis superior, superior vesical artery, a. 
volaris indicis radialis, radialis indicis artery, a. 
zygomaticoorbitalis, zygomatico-orbital artery. 

arteriac (ar-te'-re-ak) [arteria]. i. Pertaining to 
the trachea, or to the arteries. 2. A remedy used 
in diseases of the trachea or of the arteries. 

arteriae (ar-te'-re-e) [L.. plural of arteria]. 
Arteries, a. arciformes, arciform arteries of renal 
arches, a. gastricas breves, the vasa brevia. a. inter- 
lobulares, interlobular arteries. a. intestinales, 
intestinal arteries or vasa intestini tenuis, a. meta- 
carpeae dorsales, dorsal interosseous arteries, a. 
renis, renal arteries, a. metacarpeae volares, volar 
or palmar interosseous arteries. a. metatarseae 
dorsales, dorsal interosseous arteries, a. metatarseae 
plantares, digital branches of the plantar arch. 
a. scrotales posteriores, superficial perineal arteries. 
a. surales, inferior muscular arteries. 

arteriagra (ar-ler-e-a'-grah) [arteria; ay pa, a 
seizure]. Neuralgia of an artery. 

arterial [see arteria]. Pertaining to an artery. 

arterialization (ar-te-re-al-iz-a'-shun) [see arteria]. 
1. The process of making or becoming arterial; the 
change from venous blood into arterial. 2. Vascu- 
larization. 

arteriarctia (ar-te-re-ark'-te-ah) [arteria; arctus, 
bound]. Constriction or stenosis of an artery. 

arteriasis (ar-te-ri'-as-is) [see arteria]. Degenera- 
tion of an artery; it may be either calcareous or 
fatty. 

arteriectasis, arteriectasia (ar-te-re-ek'-tas-is, ar-te- 
re-ek-ta'-ze-ah) [arteria; enraais, a stretching out]. 
Arterial dilatation. 

arteriectopia (ar-te-re-ek-to'-pe-ah) [arteria; ^ktotvos, 
out of place]. Displacement or abnormality in the 
course of an artery. 

arteriitis (ar-te-re-i'-tis). See arteritis. 

arterin (ar'-ter-in) [see arteria], Hoppe-Seyler's 
term for the arterial blood-pigment contained in the 
red corpuscles. 

arterioarctia (ar-te-re-o-ark'-le-ah). See arteri- 
arctia. 

arteriocapillary {ar-te-re-o-kap' -il-a-re) [arteria; 
capillary]. Pertaining to arteries and capillaries, a. 
fibrosis, a chronic inflammatory process character- 
ized by an overgrowth of connective tissue in the 
walls of the blood-vessels. It is known also as 
arteriocapillary fibrosis of Gull and Sutton. 

arteriochalasis (ar-te-re-o-kal'-as-is) [arteria; xa\- 
oo-ts, a slackening]. Arterial atony. 

arteriococcygeal gland (ar-te-re-o-kok-sij'-e-al). 
Luschka's gland. 

arteriodialysis (ar-te-re-o-di-al'-is-is) [arteria; Sia\- 
v<tls, dissolution]. Attenuation of the arterial walls 
with or without rupture. 

arteriodiastasis (ar-te-re-o-di-as'-tas-is) [arteria; 
Sia<TTa<ns, separation]. 1. The retraction of the two 



ARTERIODIPLOPIESMUS 



89 



ARTERY 



ends of a divided artery. 2. See arterioectopia. 
3. The divergence of two arteries that lie near each 
other normally. 

arteriodiplopiesmus (ar-te-re-o-dip-lo-pi-ez'-mus) 
[arleria; 8ur\o6s, twofold; irieo>i6s, pressure]. D'Eti- 
olles' procedure for obtaining rapid coagulation of 
the blood in that part of an artery lying between 
two points upon which simultaneous pressure is 
made. 

arteriofibrosis (ar-te-re-o-fi-bro'-sis). See arterio- 
capillary fibrosis. 

arteriogram (ar-te'-re-o-gram). See sphygmogram. 

arteriograph (ar-te'-re-o-graf) [arteria; ypd<petv, to 
record]. A form of sphygmograph. 

arteriography (ar-le-re-og'-ra-fe) [arteria; ypd<f>-n. a 
writing]. 1. A description of the arteries. 2. The 
graphic representation of the pulse-waves. 

arteriola (ar-te-re-o'-lah) [L.: pi., arteriole?]. An 
arteriole, a. recta, one of the arterioles going to 
the pyramids in the cortex of the kidney. 

arteriolae (ar-te-re o'-le) [L.]. Arterioles, a. auri- 
cularis cordis, coronary arteries of the heart, a. 
rectse, vasa recta of the kidney. 

arteriole (ar-te'-re-ol) [arteriola]. A very small 
artery, a., straight, one of the small blood-vessels 
supplying the medullary pyramids of the kidneys. 

arteriolith (ar-te'-re-o-lilh) [arteria; \L60s, a stone]. 
A calculus in an artery from calcification of a throm- 
bus. 

arteriology (ar-te-re-ol'-o-je) [arteria; X670S, science]. 
The science of the arteries; the anatomy, physiology, 
and pathology of the arteries. 

arteriomalacia (ar-le-re-o-mal-a'-se-ah) [arleria; 
na\aKla, softness]. Softening of the wall of an artery. 

arteriomalacosis (ar-te-re-o-mal-ak-o'-sis) . See ar- 
teriomalacia. 

' arteriometer (ar-te-re-om'-et-er) [arteria; ukrpov, 
measure]. An instrument for measuring the changes 
in the caliber of a pulsating artery. 

arterionecrosis (ar-te-re-o-ne-kro'-sis) [arteria; nec- 
rosis]. Necrosis of an artery or arteries. 

arteriopalmus (ar-te-re-o-pal'-mus) [arteria; ird\p.6s, 
palpitation]. Throbbing of the arteries. 

arteriopathy (ar-te-re-op'-a-the) [arteria; irados, 
illness]. Any disease of an artery or of arteries. 

arterioperissia, arterioperittia {ar-te-re-o-per-is'- 
e-ah, -it'-e-ah) [arteria; -wepiaaos, excessive]. Ab- 
normal or excessive arterial development. Syn., 
perittarteria; perissoarteria. 

arteriophlebotomy (ar-te-re-o-fie-bot'-o-me) [arteria; 
4>\&l/, a vein; rkuvtiv, to cut]. Local bloodletting. 

arteriopituitous (ar-te-re-o-pit-u'-it-us) [arteria; 
pituita, mucus]. Applied to the blood-vessels of the 
nasal passages. 

arterioplania (ar-te-re-o-pla'-ne-ah) [arteria; ir'Kav- 
aadai, to wander]. Deviation or tortuousness in the 
course of an artery. 

arterioplasty {ar-te' -re-o-plas-te) [arteria; irXaaaeiv, 
to form]. Matas' operation for aneurysm. 

arterioplegmus (ar-te-re-o-pleg'-mus) [arteria; 
ir\eyp.a, anything twined or plaited]. Perplication. 
Syn., arterioploce. 

arteriorenal (ar-te-re-o-re'-nal) [arteria; ren, the 
kidney]. Pertaining to the renal blood-vessels. 

arteriorrhagia (ar-te-re-or-a'-je-ah) [arteria; p-qyw- 
vai, to break forth]. Arterial hemorrhage. 

arteriorrhaphy (ar-te-re-or'-af-e) [arteria; pa<pr], 
suture]^ Suture of an artery. 

arteriorrhexis (ar-te-re-or-eks'-is) [arteria; py%t.s, 
a bursting]. Rupture of an artery. 

arteriosclerosis (ar-te-re-o-skle-ro'-sis) [arteria; 
<tk\tjp6s, hard]. A chronic inflammation of the ar- 
terial walls, especially of the intima. 

arteriosclerotic (ar-te-re-o-skle-rot'-ik) [see arterio- 
sclerosis]. Pertaining to arteriosclerosis, a. kidney, 
a kidney the seat of chronic interstitial inflammation 
affecting primarily the blood-vessels. 

arteriosity (ar-ie-re-os'-it-e) [arteria]. The quality 
of being arterial. 

arteriostenosis (ar-le-re-o-sle-no'-sis) [arleria; art- 
vbs, narrow]. The narrowing of the caliber of an 
artery in any part. 

arteriosteogenesis (ar-le-re-os-le-o-jen'-e-sis) [ar- 
teria; 6<tt€ov, a bone; ykveoii, production]. Calci- 
fication of an artery. 

arteriosteosis, arteriostosis (ar-te-re-os-te-o'-sis, 
ar-te-re-os-to'-sis) . See arteriosteogenesis. 

arteriostrepsis (ar-le-re-o-slrep'-sis) [arteria; 
<jTpbl/is, a twisting]. The twisting of an artery for 
the purpose of staying a hemorrhage. 



arteriotome {ar-te' -re-o-tom) [arteria; rkp-veiv, to 
cut]. A knife for use in ar tenotomy. 

arteriotomy (ar-le-re-ot'-o-me) [arteria; rkp.vtw, to 
cut]. 1. The cutting or opening of an artery for the 
purpose of bloodletting. 2. Dissection or anatomy 
of the arteries. 

arteriotrepsis (ar-te-re-o-lrep'-sis) [arteria; <rrpk\pis, 
torsion]. See arteriostrepsis. 

arterious (ar-te' -re-us) [arleria]. Relating to the 
arteries; arterial. 

arteriovenous (ar-te-re-o-ve'-nus) [arteria; vena, 
vein]. Both arterial and venous; involving an 
artery and a vein, as an arteriovenous aneurysm. 

arterioversion (ar-le-re-o-ver' -shun) [arteria; verier e, 
to turn]. Weber's method of arresting hemorrhage 
by turning vessels inside out by means of an instru- 
ment called the arterioverter. 

arterioverter (ar-te-re-o-ver'-ler). An instrument 
for performing arterioversion. 

arteritis (ar-te-ri'-tis) [arteria; ins, inflammation]. 
1. Inflammation of an artery. 2. Inflammation of 
the external coat of an artery, a. deformans. See 
endarteritis, chronic, a. obliterans. See endarteritis 
obliterans. a., syphilitica, endarteritis deformans 
caused by syphilis, a. umbilicalis, septic inflamma- 
tion of the umbilical arteries in the newborn. 

artery (ar'-ter-e) [see arleria]. One of the tube- 
like vessels through which the blood is propelled by 
the heart to all parts of the body. Arteries end in 
arterioles and capillaries. They are composed of 3 
coats: the outer, or tunica adventitia; the middle, or 
tunica media, the muscular coat; the internal, or 
intima, composed of endothelial cells, fibrous and 
elastic tissue, a., abdominal. See a., circumflex 
iliac, deep, a., abdominal, external or subcutaneous. 
See a., epigastric, superficial; a., pudic, external 
superior, a., abdominal, posterior. See a., epigastric, 
deep, a., acetabular, a branch of the internal circum- 
flex artery distributed^ to the hip-joint, a., acromio- 
thoracic (thoracic axis), origin, second branch of 
first part of axillary; distribution, shoulder, arm, 
upper anterior part of chest, and mammary gland; 
branches, acromial, humeral, pectoral, clavicular. 
a., alar thoracic, origin, second part of axillary; 
distribution, lymphatic glands in axilla, a.s, anasto- 
motic, those which connect other arteries more or 
less remote from each other, a., anastomotic (of 
external plantar), origin, external plantar; distri- 
bution, outer border of foot; it anastomoses with the 
tarsal and metatarsal branches of the dorsalis pedis. 
a., anastomotic (of internal plantar), origin, internal 
plantar; distribution, inner side of foot; it anasto- 
moses with internal tarsal branch of the dorsalis 
pedis, a., anastomotica magna (of brachial), origin, 
brachial; distribution, elbow; branches, posterior and 
anterior, a., anastomotica magna (of superficial 
femoral), origin, superficial femoral (in Hunter's 
canal); distribution, knee; branches, superficial and 
deep, a., angular, origin, the termination of the 
facial; distribution, lacrimal sac and lower part of 
orbicularis palpebrarum; it anastomoses with infra- 
orbital, aorta, abdominal, origin, thoracic aorta; 
termination, two common iliacs; branches, phrenic 
(right and left), celiac axis, suprarenal or capsular 
(right and left), superior mesenteric, lumbar (4 pairs), 
renal (right and left), spermatic (right and left), 
inferior mesenteric, right and left common iliac, 
middle sacral, aorta, arch, origin left ventricle of 
heart; distribution, thoracic aorta; branches, two 
coronary, innominate, left common carotid, left 
subclavian, aorta, primitive, that portion from the 
origin to the point at which the first branch is given 
off. aorta, thoracic, origin, arch of aorta; termi- 
nation, abdominal aorta; branches, 2 or 3 pericardiac, 
3 bronchial, 4 or 5 esophageal, 20 intercostal, sub- 
costal (or twelfth dorsal), diaphragmatic, aberrans. 
a., articular, middle (of knee), origin, popliteal; 
distribution, crucial ligaments and joint, a., arti- 
cular, superior external (of knee), origin, popliteal; 
distribution, crureus and knee, a., articular, superior 
internal, origin, popliteal; distribution, knee, a., 
auditory, external, a division of the first part of the 
internal maxillary artery; it enters the tympanum 
by the glaserian fissure and is distributed to the 
tympanum, a., auricular, posterior, origin, fifth 
branch of external carotid; distribution, back of 
auricle, scalp, and part of neck; branches, parotid, 
muscular, stylomastoid, anterior terminal or auri- 
cular, and posterior terminal or mastoid, a., axillary, 
origin, subclavian; distribution, brachial and seven 



ARTERY 



90 



ARTERY 



branches; branches, superior thoracic, acromio- 
thoracic, long thoracic, alar thoracic, subscapular, 
anterior and posterior circumflex, a., azygos (of the 
tongue), a small artery formed by the junction of 
branches of the dorsal arteries of the tongue; it 
extends along the median line of the dorsum of the 
tongue, a., basilar, origin, by confluence of right and 
left vertebral; distribution, brain; branches, trans- 
verse (or pontile), internal auditory, anterior cere- 
bellar, superior cerebellar, two posterior cerebral. 
a., brachial, origin, axillary; distribution, arm and 
forearm; branches, superior and inferior profunda, 
anastomotica magna, nutrient, muscular, radial, 
and ulnar, a., cardiac, origin, gastric; distribution, 
cardiac end of stomach, a., carotid, common, origin, 
right side, innominate; left side, arch of aorta; distri- 
bution, external and internal carotid; branches, 
external and internal carotid, a., carotid, external, 
origin, common carotid; distribution, anterior part 
of neck, face, side of head, integuments, and dura 
mater; branches, ascending pharyngeal, superior 
thyroid, lingual, facial, occipital, posterior auricular, 
temporal, internal maxillary, a., carotid, internal, 
origin, common carotid; distribution, greater part 
of brain, the orbit, internal ear, forehead, and nose; 
branches, tympanic, vidian, arteria receptaculi, 
pituitary, gasserian, meningeal, ophthalmic, posterior 
communicating, anterior choroid, anterior cerebral, 
middle cerebral, a., carotid, primitive. See a., 
carotid, common, a., celiac, origin, abdominal aorta; 
distribution, stomach, duodenum, spleen, pancreas, 
liver, and gall-bladder; branches, gastric, hepatic, 
splenic, a., central (of retina), origin, ophthalmic; 
distribution, retina, a.s, central system of, Heub- 
ner's and Duret's term for the primary or secondary 
branches of the circle of Willis; they are distributed 
to the central ganglia of the brain, a., cerebellar, 
anterior, origin, basilar; distribution, anterior inferior 
surface of cerebellum, a., cerebellar, inferior, origin, 
vertebral; distribution, vermiform process and 
cortex of cerebellum; branches, inferior vermiform 
and the hemispheral. a., cerebellar, superior, origin, 
basilar; distribution, superior vermiform process 
and circumference of cerebellum; branches, superior 
vermiform and hemispheral. a., cerebral, anterior, 
origin, internal carotid; distribution, anterior portion 
of cerebrum; branches, anterior communicating, 
ganglionic (or central), commissural, hemispheral (or 
cortical). a., cerebral, middle, origin, internal 
carotid; distribution, middle portion of cerebrum; 
branches, ganglionic (or central, hemispheral (or 
cortical), a., cerebral, posterior, origin, basilar; 
distribution, temporosphenoid and occipital lobes; 
branches, ganglionic (or central) and hemispheral 
(or cortical), a., cervical, origin, uterine; distribu- 
tion, cervix uteri, a., cervical, ascending, origin, 
inferior thyroid; distribution, deep muscles of neck 
and spinal canal; branches, muscular, spinal, and 
phrenic, a., cervical, deep, origin, superior inter- 
costal; distribution, deep muscles of neck and spinal 
canal; branches, muscular, anastomotic, vertebral 
(or spinal), a., cervical, superficial, origin, transverse 
cervical; distribution, trapezius, levator anguli 
scapula?, splenius muscles, and posterior chain of 
lymphatic glands, a., cervical, transverse (trans- 
versalis colli), origin, thyroid axis; distribution, 
posterior cervical and scapular regions; branches, 
posterior scapular and superficial cervical, a., cir- 
cumflex, anterior (of axillary), origin, axillary; dis- 
tribution, pectoralis major, biceps, and shoulder- 
joint; branches, bicipital and pectoral, a., circumflex 
iliac, deep, origin, external iliac; distribution, upper 
part of thigh and lower part of abdomen; branches, 
muscular and cutaneous, a., circumflex, posterior 
(of axillary), origin, axillary; distribution, deltoid, 
teres minor, triceps, and shoulder-joint; branches, 
nutrient, articular, acromial, muscular, a., colic, 
left, origin, inferior mesenteric; distribution, de- 
scending colon, a., colic, middle, origin, superior 
mesenteric; distribution, transverse colon, a., colic, 
right, origin, superior mesenteric; distribution, 
ascending colon, a., colic, transverse, origin, colic, 
middle; distribution, transverse colon, a., comes 
nervi phrenici. See a., phrenic, superior, a., com- 
municating, i. One establishing communication 
between two arteries. 2. An artery having as origin 
the dorsalis pedis; it enters into the formation of the 
plantar arch and has two digital branches, a., com- 
municating (or perforating), origin, deep palmar arch; 
distribution, joins proximal ends of metacarpal and 



second and third dorsal interosseous arteries, a., 
communicating, anterior, origin, anterior cerebral; it 
assists in formation of anterior boundary of the circle 
of Willis; sendvS branches to caudate nucleus. Syn., 
communicans willisii. a., communicating, posterior, 
origin, posterior cerebral; it enters into formation of 
circle of Willis; sends branches to uncinate con- 
volution and optic thalamus; branches, uncinate, 
middle thalamic, a. compressor, a. constrictor, an 
instrument for occluding an artery for the purpose 
of arresting or preventing hemorrhage, a., coronary, 
inferior, origin, facial; distribution, lower lip. 
a., coronary, left, origin, left anterior sinus of Val- 
salva; distribution, heart; branches, left auricular, 
anterior interventricular, left marginal, terminal. 
a., coronary, right, origin, right anterior sinus of 
Valsalva; distribution, heart; branches, right auri- 
cular, preventricular, right marginal, posterior inter- 
ventricular, transverse, a., coronary, superior, origin , 
facial; distribution, upper lip. a.s, cortical system of, 
Heubner and Duret's term for the arteries distri- 
buted to the cerebral cortex and the parts immedi- 
ately beneath it. a., diaphragmatic, origin, thoracic 
aorta; distribution, diaphragm, a., digital, origin, 
external plantar; distribution, outer side of the second 
and third, fourth, and fifth toes, a., digital, palmar, 
origin, superficial palmar arch; distribution, both 
sides of little, ring, and middle finger and ulnar 
side of index-finger, a., dorsal (of penis), origin, 
pudic; distribution, penis, a., dorsalis hillucis, a 
continuation of dorsalis pedis; distribution, great 
and second toes, a., dorsalis pedis, origin, continua- 
tion of anterior tibial; distribution, assists to form 
plantar arch; branches, tarsal, metatarsal, dorsalis 
hallucis, communicating, a., end, a., terminal, an 
artery that does not anastomose with other arteries 
by means of large branches; there is usually a capil- 
lary anastomosis, a., epigastric, deep (or inferior), 
origin, external iliac; distribution, abdominal wall; 
branches, cremasteric, pubic, muscular, cutaneous, 
terminal, a., epigastric, superficial, origin, common 
femoral; distribution, inguinal glands, skin, super- 
ficial fascia, and abdominal wall, a., epigastric, 
superior, origin, internal mammary; distribution, 
abdominal wall and diaphragm, liver, and peritoneum, 
branches, phrenic, xiphoid, cutaneous, muscular, 
hepatic, and peritoneal, a., epiploic, origin, right and 
left gastroepiploic; distribution, omentum. a., 
esophageal. 1. Origin, gastric; distribution, eso- 
phagus. 2. Origin, inferior thyroid; distribution, 
esophagus. 3. Origin, left phrenic; distribution, 
esophagus. 4. (4 or 5). Origin, thoracic aorta; 
distribution, esophagus, a., esophageal, inferior, 
origin, coronary (of stomach); distribution, eso- 
phagus, a., facial, origin, third branch of external 
carotid; distribution, pharynx and face; branches, 
ascending, or inferior palatine, tonsillar, glandular, 
muscular, submental, masseteric, buccal, inferior 
labial, inferior and superior coronary, lateralis nasi, 
angular, a., femoral, common, origin, continuation 
of external iliac; distribution, lower part of abdominal 
wall, upper part of thigh and genitalia; branches, 
superficial epigastric, superficial circumflex iliac, 
superficial external pudic, deep external pudic, 
profunda, a., femoral, deep, see a., femoral, profunda. 
a., femoral, profunda, origin, common femoral; 
distribution, muscles of thigh; branches, external 
circumflex, internal circumflex, and three perforating. 
a., femoral, superficial, origin, continuation of 
common femoral; distribution, muscles of thigh and 
knee-joint; branches, muscular, saphenous, anasto- 
motica magna, a. forceps, a forceps for catching or 
twisting an artery; a hemostat. a., frontal, a branch 
of the ophthalmic artery; it ascends the inner part 
of the orbital arch and supplies the periosteum, 
muscles, and integument of the middle forehead. 
a., gastric (or coronary), origin, celiac axis; distri- 
bution, stomach, liver, and esophagus; branches, 
esophageal, cardiac, gastric, and hepatic, a., gastro- 
duodenal, a branch of the hepatic artery given off 
near the pyloric orifice of the stomach; branches, 
right gastroepiploic and superior pancreaticoduo- 
denal, a., gluteal, a branch of the internal iliac 
which runs backward between the lumbosacral 
cord and the first sacral nerve, turns around the 
upper margin of the great sacrosciatic foramen, and 
divides opposite the interval between the gluteus 
medius and pyriformis muscles, into the deep and 
superficial gluteal arteries, a., gluteal, deep, origin, 
gluteal; distribution, deep muscles of posterior gluteal 



ARTERY 



91 



ARTERY 



region, a., gluteal, inferior, origin, sciatic; distribu- 
tion, gluteus maximus. a., gluteal, superficial, 
origin, gluteal; distribution, gluteus maximus and 
integument over sacrum. a., gluteal, superior, 
origin, deep gluteal; distribution, muscles adjacent. 
a.s, helicine, the arteries found in cavernous tissue, 
as in the testicle, uterus, ovary, etc. a., hemor- 
rhoidal, inferior (or external), origin, pudic; distri- 
bution, sphincter muscle, levator ani. a., hemor- 
rhoidal, middle, origin, internal iliac, anterior 
division; distribution, middle part of rectum, a., 
hemorrhoidal, superior, origin, inferior mesenteric; 
distribution, upper part of rectum, a., hepatic, 
origin, celiac axis; distribution, liver, pancreas, part 
of duodenum, and stomach; branches, pancreatic, 
subpyloric, gastroduodenal, right and left terminal. 
a., iliac, common, origin, terminal branch of ab- 
dominal aorta; distribution, peritoneum, subperi- 
toneal fat, ureter, and terminates in external and 
internal iliac; branches, peritoneal, subperitoneal, 
ureteric, external and internal iliac, a., iliac, ex- 
ternal, origin, common iliac; distribution, lower 
limb; branches, deep epigastric, deep circumflex 
iliac, muscular, and continues as femoral, a., iliac, 
internal, origin, common iliac; distribution, pelvic 
and generative organs and inner side of thigh; 
branches, anterior and posterior trunk, a., iliac, 
internal (anterior trunk), origin, internal iliac; 
distribution, pelvic and generative organs and 
thigh; branches, hypogastric, superior, middle, and 
inferior vesical, middle hemorrhoidal, uterine, vaginal, 
obturator, sciatic, internal pudic. a., iliac, internal 
(posterior trunk), origin, internal iliac; distribution, 
muscles of hip and sacrum; branches, iliolumbar, 
lateral sacral and gluteal, a., innominate, origin, 
arch of aorta; distribution, right side of head and 
right arm; branches, right common carotid, right 
subclavian, occasionally thyroidea ima. a., inter- 
costal, anterior, origin, internal mammary; distri- 
bution, intercostal muscles, ribs (upper five or six), 
and pectoralis major, a., intercostal, anterior, origin, 
musculophrenic; distribution, lower five or six 
intercostal spaces, a., intercostal, superior, origin, 
subclavian; distribution, neck and upper part of 
thorax; branches, deep cervical, first intercostal, 
arteria aberrans. a., interosseous, anterior, origin, 
interosseous (common); distribution, muscles of 
forearm, a., interosseous, common, origin, ulnar; 
distribution, interosseous membrane and deep 
muscles of the forearm; branches, anterior and 
posterior interosseous, a., interosseous, posterior, 
origin, _ ulnar; distribution, muscles of forearm. 
a., labial, superior. See a., coronary, superior. 
a., laryngeal, superior, origin, superior thyroid; 
distribution, intrinsic muscles and mucous membrane 
of larynx, a., lenticulostriate, origin, middle cerebral; 
distribution, lenticular and caudate nuclei. a., 
lingual, origin, external carotid; distribution, tongue; 
branches, hyoid, dorsalis linguae, sublingual, ranine. 
a., mammary, external. See a., thoracic, long. 
a., mammary, internal, origin, subclavian; distri- 
bution, structures of thorax; branches, superior 
phrenic, mediastinal (or thymic), pericardiac, 
sternal, anterior intercostal, perforating, lateral 
intercostal, superior epigastric, internal mammary. 
a., maxillary, external. See a., facial, a., maxillary, 
internal (maxillary group), origin, external carotid; 
distribution, structures indicated by names of 
branches; branches, deep auricular, tympanic, middle 
meningeal, mandibular, small meningeal, a., maxil- 
lary, internal (pterygoid group), origin, external 
carotid; distribution, structures indicated by names 
of branches; branches, masseteric, posterior deep 
temporal, internal and external pterygoid, buccal, 
anterior deep temporal. a., maxillary, internal 
(sphenomaxillary group, origin, external carotid; 
distribution, structures indicated by names of 
branches; branches, posterior dental (or alveolar), 
infraorbital, posterior (or descending) palatine, Vidian, 
pterygopalatine, nasal, or sphenopalatine, a., median 
(arteria comes nervi mediani), origin, anterior inter- 
osseous; distribution, median nerve and superficial 
palmar arch, a., mediastinal, anterior (or thymic), 
origin, internal mammary; discribution, connective 
tissue, fat, and lymphatics in superior and anterior 
mediastinums, thymus gland. a.s, medullary, 
i. Those supplying the medullary substance of the 
brain. 2. The nutrient arteries, a., meningeal. 
1. Origin, ascending pharyngeal; distribution, mem- 
branes of brain. 2. Origin, posterior ethmoid; 



distribution, dura mater, a., meningeal, anterior, 
origin, internal carotid; distribution, dura mater. 
a., meningeal, middle or great, origin, internal 
maxillary; distribution, cranium and dura mater; 
branches, anterior and posterior, a., meningeal, 
posterior. 1. Origin, occipital; distribution, dura 
mater. 2. Origin, vertebral; distribution, dura 
mater, a., meningeal, small, origin, internal maxil- 
lary; distribution, Gasserian ganglion, walls of 
cavernous sinus, and dura mater, a., mesenteric, 
inferior, origin, abdominal aorta; distribution, lower 
half of large intestine; branches, left colic, sigmoid, 
superior hemorrhoidal, a., mesenteric, superior, 
origin, abdominal aorta; distribution, whole of small 
intestine and upper half of large; branches, inferior 
pancreaticoduodenal, colica media, colica dextra, 
ileocolic, vasa intestini tenuis, a., musculophrenic, 
origin, internal mammary; distribution, 'diaphragm, 
fifth and sixth lower intercostal spaces, oblique 
muscles of abdomen; branches, phrenic, anterior 
intercostals, muscular, a., nasal, origin, ophthalmic; 
distribution, lacrimal sac and integuments of nose; 
branches, lacrimal and transverse nasal, a., naso- 
palatine. See c, sphenopalatine, a., obturator, 
origin, anterior division, internal iliac; distribution, 
pelvis and thigh; branches, iliac (or nutrient), vesical, 
pubic, external and internal pelvic, a., obturator, 
external, origin, obturator; distribution, muscles 
about obturator foramen, a., occipital. 1. Origin, 
fourth branch of external carotid; distribution, 
muscles of neck and scalp; branches, sternomastoid, 
posterior meningeal, auricular, mastoid, princeps 
cervicis, communicating, muscular, terminal. 2. A 
branch of the posterior cerebral artery distributed 
to the occipital gyri and surrounding parts, a., 
omphalomesenteric, origin, primitive aorta; distri- 
bution, subsequently becomes the umbilical, a., 
ophthalmic, origin, internal carotid; distribution, the 
eye, adjacent structures, portion of face; branches, 
lacrimal, supraorbital, central artery of retina, 
muscular, ciliary, posterior and anterior ethmoid, 
palpebral, frontal, nasal, a., ovarian, origin, ab- 
dominal aorta; distribution, ovary, ureter, Fallopian 
tube, uterus; branches, ureteral, Fallopian, uterine, 
ligamentous, a., palatine, origin, ascending pharyn- 
geal; distribution, soft palate and its muscles, a., 
palatine, ascending (or inferior), origin, first branch 
of facial; distribution, upper part of pharynx, palate, 
and tonsils; branches, palatine, tonsillar, a., pala- 
tine, descending, origin, internal maxillary; distri- 
bution, to soft and hard palate; branches, anterior 
and posterior, a., palmar arch, deep, origin, radial 
and communicating of ulna; distribution, palm and 
fingers; branches, princeps pollicis, radialis indicis, 
palmar interosseous (3), recurrent carpal, posterior 
perforating. a., palmar arch, superficial, origin, 
ulnar and superficialis vols; distribution, palm and 
fingers; branches, digital (4), muscular, cutaneous. 
a., pancreatic. 1. Origin, hepatic; distribution, 
pancreas. 2. Origin, splenic; distribution, pancreas. 
a., pancreaticoduodenal, inferior, origin, superior 
mesenteric; distribution, pancreas and duodenum. 
a., pancreaticoduodenal, superior, origin, gastro- 
duodenal; distribution, duodenum and pancreas. 
a., perforating (or posterior communicating) (3), 
origin, deep palmar arch; distribution, interosseous 
spaces. a.s, pericardiacophrenic, the pericardiac 
divisions of the internal mammary artery connecting 
with sternal ramifications of the same artery and 
with branches of the superior phrenic, bronchial, 
and intercostal arteries to form the subpleural medi- 
astinal plexus, a., pharyngeal. 1. Origin, pterygo- 
palatine; distribution, roof of pharynx. 2. Origin, 
sphenopalatine; distribution, roof and contiguous 
portions of pharynx, a., pharyngeal, ascending, 
origin, first branch external carotid; distribution, 
pharynx, soft palate, tympanum, posterior part of 
neck, and membranes of brain; branches, preverte- 
bral, pharyngeal, palatine, tympanic, meningeal. 
a., phrenic, origin, ascending cervical; distribution, 
phrenic nerve, a., phrenic, superior (comes nervi 
phrenici), origin, internal mammary; distribution, 
pleura, pericardium, and diaphragm, a., plantar 
arch, origin, external plantar artery; distribution, 
anterior part of foot and toes; branches, articular 
and plantar digital, a., plantar, deep, origin, meta- 
tarsal; distribution, assists in formation of plantar 
arch, a., plantar, external, origin, posterior tibial; 
distribution, sole and toes; branches, muscular, 
calcaneal, cutaneous, anastomotic, posterior per- 



ARTERY 



92 



ARTHREMPYEMA 



forating, plantar arch, a., plantar, internal, origin, 
posterior tibial; distribution, inner side of foot; 
branches, muscular, cutaneous, articular, anasto- 
motic, superficial digital, a., popliteal, origin, con- 
tinuation of femoral; distribution, knee and leg; 
branches, cutaneous, muscular (superior and inferior) 
or sural, articular, superior and inferior external, 
superior and inferior internal and azygos, terminal 
(anterior and posterior tibial, a., profunda (deep 
femoral), origin, femoral; distribution, thigh; 
branches, external and internal circumflex, three 
perforating, a., profunda, inferior, origin, brachial; 
distribution, triceps, elbow-joint. a., profunda, 
superior, origin, brachial; distribution, humerus, 
muscles and skin of arm; branches, ascending, 
cutaneous, articular, nutrient, muscular, a., pterygo- 
palatine (pterygopharyngeal), origin, internal maxil- 
lary; distribution, pharynx, Eustachian tubes, and 
sphenoid cells; branches, pharyngeal, Eustachian, 
sphenoid, a., pudic, external, deep (inferior), origin, 
femoral, common; distribution, skin of scrotum (or 
labium in female), a., pudic, external, superficial 
(superior), origin, common femoral; distribution, 
integument above pubes and external genitalia. 
a., pudic, internal, origin, internal iliac, anterior 
division; distribution, generative organs; branches, 
external (or inferior) hemorrhoidal, superficial 
perineal, muscular, arteries of bulb, crus, and dorsal 
of penis, a., pulmonary, origin, right ventricle; 
distribution, lungs; branches, right and left, a., 
pyloric, inferior, origin, gastroduodenal or right 
gastroepiploic; distribution, pyloric end of stomach. 
a., pyloric, superior, origin, hepatic; distribution, 
pyloric end of stomach, a., radial, origin, brachial; 
distribution, forearm, wrist, hand; branches, radial 
recurrent, muscular, anterior and posterior carpal, 
superficial volar, metacarpal, dorsalis pollicis, 
dorsalis indicis. deep palmar arch, a., ranine, origin, 
lingual; distribution, tongue and mucous membrane 
of mouth, a., renal, origin, abdominal aorta; distri- 
bution, kidney; branches, inferior suprarenal, 
capsular, ureteral, a.s, retinal, the central artery of 
the retina and the upper and lower arteries on the 
nasal side and on the temporal side of the optic 
nerve, a., sacra media. See a., sacral, middle. 
a., sacral, middle, origin, continuation of aorta; 
distribution, sacrum and coccyx, a., scapular, dorsal, 
origin, subscapular; distribution, muscles of infra - 
spinous fossa; branches, infrascapular. a., scapular, 
posterior, origin, continuation of transverse cervical; 
distribution, muscles of scapular region; branches, 
supraspinous and infraspinous, subscapular, muscu- 
lar, a., sciatic, origin, internal iliac, anterior division; 
distribution, pelvic muscles and viscera, and branches; 
branches, coccygeal, inferior gluteal, muscular, anas- 
tomotic, articular cutaneous, comes nervi ischiadici, 
vesical, rectal, prostatic, etc. a., spermatic, origin, 
abdominal aorta; distribution, scrotum and testis; 
branches, ureteral, cremasteric, epididymal, testicu- 
lar, a., sphenopalatine (nasopalatine), origin, in- 
ternal maxillary; distribution, pharynx, nose, and 
sphenoid cells; branches, pharyngeal, sphenoid, 
nasal, ascending septal. a., spinal. i. Origin, 
ascending cervical; distribution, spinal canal. 2. 
Origin, intercostals ; distribution, spinal canal and 
spine. 3. Origin, lateral sacral; distribution, spinal 
membranes and muscles and skin over sacrum. 
a., spinal* anterior, origin, vertebral; distribution, 
spinal cord, a., spinal, lateral, origin, vertebral; 
distribution, vertebra and spinal canal, a., spinal, 
posterior, origin, vertebral; distribution, spine, 
a., splenic. 1. Origin, celiac axis; distribution, 
spleen, pancreas, part of stomach, omentum; 
branches, small and large pancreatic, left gastro- 
epiploic, vasa brevia, terminal. 2. Origin, left 
phrenic; distribution, spleen, a., subclavian, origin, 
right, innominate; left, arch of aorta; distribution, 
neck, thorax, arms, brain, meninges, etc.; branches, 
vertebral, thyroid axis, internal mammary, superior 
intercostal, a., subscapular, origin, axillary; distri- 
bution, subscapularis, teres major, latissimus dorsi, 
serratus magnus, axillary glands; branches, dorsal 
and infrascapular. a., suprascapular (transversalis 
humeri), origin, thyroid axis; distribution, muscles 
of shoulder; branches, inferior sternomastoid, sub- 
clavian, nutrient, suprasternal, acromial, articular, 
subscapular, supraspinous, and infraspinous. a., 
Sylvian, the middle cerebral artery, a., temporal, 
origin, external carotid; distribution, forehead, 
parotid gland, masseter muscle, ear; branches, 



parotid, articular, masseteric, anterior auricular, 
transverse facial, middle, anterior and posterior 
temporal. a., temporal, deep, anterior, origin, 
internal maxillary; distribution, anterior part of 
temporal fossa, a., termatic, origin, anterior com- 
municating; distribution, lamina cinerea and corpus 
callosum. a., thoracic, acromial, origin, axillary; 
distribution, muscles of shoulder, arm, and chest; 
branches, acromial, humeral, pectoral, clavicular. 
a., thoracic, alar, origin, axillary; distribution, axillary 
glands, a., thoracic, external. See a., thoracic, long. 
a., thoracic, internal. See a., mammary, internal. 
a., thoracic, long (external mammary), origin, axil- 
lary; distribution, pectoral muscles, serratus magnus, 
mammary and axillary glands, a., thymic, origin, 
internal mammary; distribution, connective tissue, 
fat, and lymphatics of mediastinum and thymus. 
a. of the thyroid axis, origin, subclavian; distribution, 
shoulder, neck, thorax, spine, cord; branches, inferior 
thyroid, suprascapular, and transverse cervical, 
a., thyroid, inferior, origin, thyroid axis; distribution, 
larynx, esophagus, and muscles of neck; branches, 
muscular, ascending cervical, esophageal, tracheal, 
and inferior laryngeal, a., thyroid, superior, origin, 
external carotid; distribution, omohyoid, sterno- 
hyoid, sternothyroid, thyroid gland; branches, hyoid, 
sternomastoid, superior laryngeal, cricothyroid. 
a., thyroidea ima, origin, innominate (usually); 
distribution, thyroid body, a., tibial, anterior, origin, 
popliteal; distribution, leg; branches, posterior and 
anterior tibial recurrent, muscular, internal and 
external malleolar. a., tibial, posterior, origin, 
popliteal; distribution, leg, heel, and foot; branches, 
peroneal, muscular, medullary, cutaneous, communi- 
cating, malleolar, calcanean, internal and external 
plantar, a., tonsillar. 1. Origin, ascending palatine; 
distribution, tonsil and Eustachian tube. 2. Origin, 
facial; distribution, tonsil and root of tongue, a., 
transversalis colli. See a., cervical, transverse. 
a., ulnar, origin, brachial; distribution, forearm, 
wrist, and hand; branches, anterior and posterior 
ulnar, recurrent, common interosseous, muscular, 
nutrient, anterior and posterior ulnar, carpal, palmar 
arch, a., uterine. 1. Origin, internal iliac, anterior 
branch; distribution, uterus; branches, cervical, 
vaginal, azygos. 2. Origin, ovarian; distribution, 
uterus, a., vasa brevia, origin, splenic; distribution, 
stomach, a., vertebral, origin, subclavian; distri- 
bution, neck and cerebrum; branches, lateral spinal, 
muscular, anastomotic, posterior meningeal, posterior 
and anterior spinal, posterior cerebellar, a., vesical, 
inferior, origin, internal iliac, anterior division; dis- 
tribution, bladder, prostate, seminal vesicles, and 
vagina (in female), a., vesical, middle, origin, 
superior vesical; distribution, bladder, a., vesical, 
superior, origin, internal iliac, anterior division; 
distribution, bladder; branches, deferential, ureteric, 
middle vesical (occasionally). a., Vidian, origin, 
internal maxillary; distribution, roof of pharynx, 
Eustachian tube, and tympanum ; branches, pharyn- 
geal, Eustachian, tympanic, a., vitelline. See a., 
omphalomesenteric. 

arthragra (ar-thra'-grah) [arthron; aypa, seizure]. 
Gout. 

arthragrosis (ar-lhrag-ro'-sis) [arthron; aypa, seizure 
(pi., arlhragroses)]. Gout. In the plural, gouty 
disorders affecting the skin. 

arthral (ar'-thral) [arthron]. Articular; relating to 
an arthron. 

arthralgia (ar-thral'-je-ah) [arthron; &.\yos, pain]. 
Neuralgic pain in a joint. Syn., arlhroneuralgia; 
articular neuralgia, a. saturnina. pain in the joints 
and rigidity and cramps in the approximate muscles; 
it is symptomatic of lead-poisoning. 

arthralgic {ar-thral'-jik) [see arthralgia]. Relating 
to arthralgia. 

arthrectasia, arthrectasis (ar-threk-ta'-ze-ah, ar- 
threk'-ta-sis) [arthron; ecreuns, dilation]. Dilation 
of a joint-cavity. 

arthrectomy (ar-threk'-to-me) [arthron; iKTop.ri, a 
cutting-out]. Excision of a joint. 

arthredema, arthrcedema (ar-lhred-e'-mah) [ar- 
thron; olSrjua, a swelling, tumor]. Edema affecting 
a joint. 

arthrelcosis (ar-threl-ko'-sis) [arthron; ^X/cw<ns, 
ulceration]. Ulceration of a joint. 

arthremia (ar-thre'-me-ah) [arthron; aJua, blood]. 
A congested condition of a joint. 

arthrempyema {ar-thr em-pi' -e-mah) [arthron-; ip.- 
irvrjua, suppuration]. Suppuration or abscess of a joint. 



ANTHREMPYESIS 



93 



ARTHROSTENOSIS 



arthrempyesis (ar-threm-pi-e'-sis). Suppuration 
in a joint. 

arthrentasis (ar-thren'-ta-sis) [arthron; Ivratris, 
distortion]. Distortion of the limbs due to gout. 

arthric (ar'-thrik). See arthritic (2). 

arthrifluent (ar-thrif'-lu-ent) [arthron; finer e, to 
flow]. Applied to abscesses proceeding from a 
diseased joint. 

arthrifuge (ar'-thrif-uj) [arthron; fugare to put to 
flight]. A remedy for gout. 

arthritic (ar-thrit'-ik) [arthritis]. Relating — 1. To 
arthritis or to gcut. 2. To a joint. 

arthritis (ar-thri'-tis) [arthron; ms, inflammation]. 
Inflammation of a joint, a., acute, acute joint- 
inflammation, particularly that due to gout. Syn., 
arthritis vera, a., acute serous, acute synovitis. 
a. arthrodynia, gout. a. asthmatica, a form observed 
in elderly persons subject to asthma, and mitigated 
by an attack of the latter, a., atrophic. Synonym 
of Charcot's joint disease, a., blennorrhagic, gonor- 
rheal rheumatism, a., chronic, a form in which 
the joints are not so much affected as are other parts 
of the body. a. deformans, chronic inflammation of a 
joint with deformity; rheumatoid arthritis. a., 
diaphragmatic, angina pectoris, a., erratic, retro- 
cedent or metastatic gout. a. fungosa, tuberculous 
disease of the joints; white swelling, a., gonorrheal, 
gonorrheal synovitis, a., gouty, that due to gout. 
a. hiemalis, winter gout, a form occurring less 
frequently in summer than in other seasons, a., 
internal. See a., visceral, a., intervertebral. See 
spondylarthritis, a. ischias, gout in the hip. a. 
larvata, a., latent, a masked form not manifested by 
the usual symptoms. a. maxillaris, rheumatoid 
arthritis of the temporomaxillary joint, a. nodosa. 
See osteoarthritis, a. pauperum. Synonym of a., 
rheumatoid, a. podagra, gout in the feet, a., pro- 
liferating. See a. deformans, a., retrograde, sup- 
pressed gout, a., rheumatoid, a chronic joint affec- 
tion characterized by inflammatory overgrowth of 
the articular cartilages and synovial membranes, 
with destruction of those parts of the cartilages 
subject to intraarticular pressure; there is progressive 
deformity. Syn., chronic rheumatoid arthritis; 
osteoarthritis; rheumatic gout; nodular rheumatism; 
arthritis deformans, a. sicca, rheumatoid arthritis. 
a., strumous. See a. fungosa. a., subdiarthrodial, 
a form of fungous arthritis in which fleshy granu- 
lations occur between the bone and the cartilage of 
the joint, a. syphilitica, gonorrheal rheumatism; 
also the nocturnal pains of syphilis, a. typica, acute 
arthritis. a., urethral, gonorrheal rheumatism. 
a. urica, gout attributed to excessive formation of 
uric acid. Syn., arthritis uratica; panarthritis urica; 
uarthritis. a. vertebralis, a breakdown of the inter- 
vertebral discs. a., visceral, gout affecting an 
internal organ, with alternating attacks in the joints. 

arthritism {ar'-thrit-izm) [arthron]. Gout or the 
gouty diathesis. 

arthritolith (ar-thrW -o-lith) [arthron; XWos, a 
stone]. Gouty calcareous deposit or concretion in or 
around a joint. 

arthro- (ar-thro-) [arthron]. A prefix denoting 
relating to the joints. 

arthrobacterium (ar-thro-bak-te'-re-um) [arthro-; 
bacterium]. A bacterium forming arthrospores. 

arthrocace (dr-throk'-as-e) [artho-; ko.k6s, ill]. 
Fungous, strumous, or tuberculous arthritis; caries 
of a joint, a. coxarum, see coxalgia. a., senile, 
changes in the joints occurring in the aged. 

arthrocarcinoma (ar-thro-kar-sin-o'-mah) [arthro-; 
carcinoma]. Carcinoma affecting a joint. 

arthrocele (ar'-thro-sel) [arthro-; K17X77, a tumor]. 
Swelling of a joint. 

arthrocenchriasis (ar-thro-sen-kri'-as-is) [arthro-; 
tceyxpt-as, like a grain of millet]. A miliary eruption 
occurring about a joint. 

arthrochondritis (ar-thro-kon-dri'-tis) [arthro-; xbv- 
8pos, a cartilage; ins, inflammation]. Inflamma- 
tion of the cartilaginous parts of a joint. 

arthroclasia ( ar-thro-kla' -se-ah) [arthro-; k\6.€lv, to 
break]. The breaking-down of ankyloses in order 
to produce free movement of a joint. 

arthrocleisis (ar-thro-kti'-sis) [arthro-; KXheiv, to 
shut]. See arthrodesis. 

arthrodesis (ar-throd'-es-is) [arthro-; 5e<m, a 
binding]. Surgical fixation of paralyzed joints. 

arthrodia {ar-thro' -de- ah) [apdpudLa, a kind of 
articulation]. A form of joint admitting of a gliding 
movement. 



arthrodial (ar-thro' -de-al) [arthrodia]. Pertaining 
to or of the nature of arthrodia. 

arthrodynia (ar-thro-din'-e-ah) [arthro-; bbvvt), 
pain]. Pain in a joint; arthralgia. 

arthrodynic (ar-thro-din'-ik) [arthro-; bSwrj, pain]. 
Relating to or affected by arthrodynia. 

arthroempyesis (ar-thro-em-pi-e'-sis) [arthro-; in- 
irvrjais, suppuration]. Suppuration in a joint. 

arthrogenous (ar-throj'-en-us) [arthro-; yewav, to 
produce]. Forming an articulation, a. spore, an 
arthrospore. 

arthrography (ar-throg'-ra-fe) [arthro-; ypafaiv, to 
write]. A description of the joints. 

arthrogryposis (ar-thro-grip-o'-sis) [arthro-; ypvwco- 
ais, flexure]. 1. Permanent flexure of a joint; 
ankylosis. 2. Persistent idiopathic contracture of a 
joint. 3. Tetany or tetanilla. 

arthrokleisis. See arthrocleisis. 

arthrolith (ar'-thro-lith) [arthro-; Xi'0os, a stone]. 
One of the free bodies which occur in joints, arising 
from the segmentation of warty outgrowths of joint 
cartilage or of synovial membrane. Syn., arthrophyte; 
arthremphyte; joint-bodies; joint-mice; mures articu- 
lar es; corpora mobilia articulorum; corpora libera 
articulorum; tophus arthriticus ; arthrotophus. 

arthrolitbiasis (ar-thro-lith-i'-as-is) [see arthrolith]. 
Gout. 

arthrology (ar-throl'-o-je) [arthro-; \6yos, science]. 
The science of joints. 

arthrolysis (ar-throl'-is-is) [arthro-; Xvo-is, a solu- 
tion]. The division or removal of adhesions and 
bone from an ankylosed joint. 

arthromeningitis (ar-thro-men-in-ji'-tis) [arthro-; 
mviyl-, membrane; ins, inflammation]. Synovitis. 

arthron (ar'-thron) [apdpov, a joint]. A joint or an 
articulation. 

arthronalgia (ar-lhron-al'-je-ah). See arthralgia. 

arthroncus (ar-throng'-kus) [arthro-; oyicos, a 
swelling]. 1. A cartilaginous body such as occasion- 
ally forms within the knee-joint. 2. Swelling of a 
joint. 

arthroneuralgia (ar-thro-nil-ral'-je-ah) [arthro-; 
vevpov, nerve; &X70S, pain]. Neuralgic pain in'ajoint. 

arthropathology (ar-thro-path-ol'-o-je) [arthro-; ira- 
dos, disease; X670S, science]. The branch of pathol- 
ogy dealing with joint-diseases. 

arthropathy (ar-ihrop' -a-the) [arthro-; itaBos, dis- 
ease]. 1. Any joint disease. 2. A peculiar trophic 
disease of the joints, sometimes occurring in loco- 
motor ataxia and syringomyelia; rarely in general 
paralysis of the insane and in disseminated sclerosis. 
Syn., Charcot's joint, a., Charcot's, see arthropathy 
(2). a. osteopulmonary, Marie's disease, an enlarge- 
ment of the ends of long bones in long standing 
pulmonary disease. a., vertebral, arthropathy with 
depressions and rugosities of the vertebrae. 

arthrophlogosis (ar-thro-flo-go'-sis) [arthro-; <j>\iyeiv, 
to burn]. Inflammation of a joint. 

arthrophlysis (ar-throf -lis-is) [arthro-; 0\u<rts, an 
eruption]. Gout accompanied with a cutaneous 
eruption^ a. cardiaca. See miliaria arthritica. 
a. vulgaris. See eczema arthrilicum. 

arthrophyma (ar-lhro-fi'-mah) [arthro-; 4>vp.a, a 
swelling]. Swelling of a joint. 

arthrophyte (ar' -thro-fit) [arthro-; (pvrov, a growth]. 
A growth in a joint. 

arthroplasty (ar'-thro-plas-te) [arthro-; irXdaativ, 
to form]. The making of an artificial joint. 

Arthropod (ar'-thro-pod) [arthro-; irovs, foot]. 
A member of the phylum arthropoda which embraces 
crustaceans, insects and spiders. 

arthropodous (ar-throp'-o-dus) [arthro-; irovs, a 
ioot]. In biology, having jointed legs. 

arthropyosis (ar-thro-pi-o'-sis) [arthro-; irvwcns, 
suppuration]. Pus-formation in a joint. 

arthrorheumatism (ar-thro-ru' -mat-izm) [arthro-; 
rheumatism]. Articular rheumatism. 

arthrorrhagia (ar-ihro-ra' -je-ah) [arthro-; prjyvwai, 
to burst forth]. Hemorrhage into a joint. 

arthrosia (ar-thro' -ze-ah) \arthron]. Painful in- 
flammatory or other affection of a joint. 

arthrosis (ar-thro' -sis) [kpBpbeiv, to fasten by a 
joint]. Articulation or jointing; a suture. 

arthrospore (ar'-thro-spor) [arthro-; airbpos, a seed]. 
A spore formed by fission, as opposed to an endospore. 

arthrosteitis (ar-thro-ste-i'-tis) [arthro-; bo-rkov, 
bone; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the 
bony parts of a joint. 

arthrostenosis (ar-thro-sten-o'-sis) [arthro-; ork- 
vw<ns, a narrowing]. Contraction of a joint. 



ARTHROSTEOPHYMA 



94 



ARYTENOID 



arthrosteophyma (ar-thro-ste-o-fi'-mah) [arthro-; 
barkov, bone; <t>v/j.a, tumor]. A tumor of the bone 
in a joint. 

arthrosyrinx (ar-thro-sir'-ingks) [arthro-; avpiy%, 
a pipel. A fistulous opening into a joint. 

arthrotome (ar'-lhro-tdm) [arthro-; rb\n), a cutting]. 
A stout knife used in the surgery of the joints. 

arthrotomy (ar-throt'-o-me) yarthro-; renveiv, to 
cut]. Incision of a joint. 

arthrotrauma (ar-thro-traw'-mah) [arthro-; rpavna, 
an injury]. An injury to a joint. 

arthrotropia (ar-lhro-tro'-pe-ah) yarthro-; rpoirri, a 
turning]. Torsion of a limb. 

arthrotyphoid (ar-thro-ti'-foid). Typhoid fever 
with articular involvement. 

arthrous (ar'-thrus) [arthron]. Pertaining to a 
joint or joints; jointed. 

arthroxerosis (ar-thro-zer-o' -sis) [arthro-; £kpu<ns, 
a dry state]. Chronic osteoarthritis. 

arthroxesis (ar-throks'-es-is) [arthro-; few, a 
scraping]. The surgical treatment of an articular 
surface by scraping. 

Arthus phenomenon (ar'-toos) [Maurice Arthus, 
French bacteriologist]. A rabbit treated with 
horse's serum at intervals of six days shows a soft 
infiltrate after the fourth injection, a hard infiltrate 
after the fifth injection, and gangrene after the 
sixth or seventh injection; this last is followed by 
death. 

artiad (ar'-te-ad) [aprtoj, even]. In chemistry, a 
term designating an element or radical having an 
even quanti valence. 

article (art'-ikl) [articulus, a little joint]. A joint; 
a segment of a jointed series. 

articular (ar-tik'-u-lar) [articularis, of the joints]. 
Pertaining to an articulation or joint. 

articularis (ar-tik-u-la'-ris). Articular, a. genu. 
See subcrureas, in table of muscles. 

articulate (ar tik'-u-lat) [articulare, to divide in 
joints], i. Divided into joints. 2. Distinct, clear. 
a. speech, the communication of ideas by spoken 
words. 

articulatio (ar-tik-u-la'-she-o) [L., a joint]. A 
joint; see articulation, a. acromioclavicularis, acro- 
mioclavicular joint, a. atlantoepistrophica, joint 
between atlas and epistropheus or axis. a. atlanto- 
occipitalis, joint between atlas and occipital bone. 
a. carpometacarpea pollicis, carpometacarpal joint of 
the thumb, a. calcaneocuboidea, calcaneocuboid 
joint, a. cochlearis, spiral joint, a. composita, 
compound joinc. a. coxae, hip-joint, a. cricoary- 
taenoidea, arycorniculate synchondrosis. a. crico- 
thyreoidea, cricothyreoid articulation, a. cubiti, 
elbow-joint. a. cuneonavicularis, cuneonavicular 
joint, a. ellipsoidea, elliptical joint, a. genu, knee 
joint, a. humeri, shoulder-joint, a. humeroradialis, 
humeroradial articulation, a. humeroulnaris, hu- 
mero-ulnar articulation, a. incudomalleolaris, joint 
between anvil and hammer, a. incudostapedia, joint 
between anvil and stirrup, a. intercarpea, inter- 
carpal articulation, carpal joints, a. mandibularis, 
jaw-joint, a. manus, joint of the hand. a. ossis 
pisoformis, joint of the pisiform bone. a. radioul- 
naris distalis, inferior radio-ulnar joint, a. radioul- 
naris proximalis, superior radio-ulnar joint. a. 
sacroiliaca, sacro-iliac joint, a. sellaris, saddle joint. 
a. simplex, simple joint, a. sphaeroidea, spherical 
joint, a. sternoclavicularis, sternoclavicular joint. 
a. talocalcanea, talocalcanean joint, a. talocal- 
caneonavicularis, talocalcaneonavicular joint. a. 
talocruralis, ankle-joint. a. talonavicularis, talo- 
navicular joint. a. tarsi transversa (Choparti), 
Chopart's transverse articulation of the tarsus. 
a. tibiofibularis, superior tibiofibular articulation. 
a. trochoidea, trochoid or pivot joint. 
* articulation (ar-tik-u-la'-shun )[articulus, a joint]. 
I. A joint; a connection between two or more bones, 
whether or not allowing movement between them. 
The articulations are divided into: (1) Synarthroses, 
immovable, subdivided into schindyleses, or grooved 
joints; gomphoses, in sockets, as the teeth; and 
suturce, as in the bones of the skull; (2) diarthroses, 
or movable joints, subdivided into the arthrodia, or 
gliding joints; the ginglymus, or hinge-like; the 
enarthroses, or ball-and-socket joints; (3) amphi- 
arthroses, or those of a mixed type. 2. The enuncia- 
tion of spoken speech. 3. The articulating contact 
of the cusps in the positions of mastication, a., 
false, one formed between the end of a dislocated 
bone and the contiguous parts or between the parts 



of a broken bone. Syn., pseudarthrosis. a., supple- 
mentary, a false articulation in which the ends of 
the fragments become rounded and covered with a 
fibrous capsule. 

articulationes (ar-tik-u-la-she-o'-nez) [L. pi., of 
articulatio}. Joints, a. capitulorum, capitular joints 
or articulations between the heads of the ribs and 
the vertebra?, a. carpometacarpeae, carpometacarpal 
joints, a. costotransversariae, costotransverse joints. 
a. costovertebrales, joints between ribs and vertebrae. 
a. digitorum manus, joints of the fingers, a. digi- 
torum pedis, joints of the toes. a. interchondrales, 
interchondral joints, a. intermetacarpeaa, intermeta- 
carpal joints, a. intermetatarseae, intermetav.arsal 
joints, a. intertarseas, intertarsal joints, a. meta- 
carpophalangeal, metacarpophalangeal joints. a. 
metatarsophalangeal, metatarsophalangeal joints. 
a. ossiculorum auditus, joints of the auditory ossicles. 
a. manus, joints of the hand. a. pedis, joints of the 
foot. a. sternocostales, sternocostal joints. 

articulator (ar-tik'-u-la-tor) [articulus, a joint]. 
An instrument used in mechanical dentistry for 
holding the models in position while the artificial 
teeth are being arranged and antagonized upon the 
plates. 

articulatory {ar-tik'-u-la-tor-e). Relating to articu- 
lation. 

articulo mortis, in (ar-tik'-u-lo mor f -tis) [L.]. At 
the moment of death. In the act of dying. 

articulus (ar-tik'-u-ius) [dim. of artus, a. joint; pi. 
and gen., articuli}. 1. A joint; a knuckle. 2. A seg- 
ment; a part; a limb. 3. A moment of time. 

artifact (ar'-te-fakt). See artefact. 

artificial (ar-te-fish'-al) [artificialis]. Made or 
imitated by art. a. anus, an opening in the abdomen 
or loin to give exit to the feces, a. eye, a film of 
glass, celluloid, rubber, etc., made in imitation of the 
front part of the globe of the eye, and worn in the 
socket or over a blind eye for cosmetic reasons, 
a. feeding, the feeding of an infant by other means 
than mother's milk. a. leech. See leech, artificial. 
a. palate. See palate, artificial, a. pupil, the result 
of removal of a piece of the iris (iridectomy, iridodi- 
alysis, etc.) to allow the light to pass through the 
opening, a. respiration, the aeration of the blood by 
artificial means — a method of inducing the normal 
function of respiration, as in asphyxia neonatorum, 
drowning, etc. The chief methods are: — Bain's, 
Byrd's, Calliano's, Dew's, Forest's, Hall's, Howard's, 
Laborde's, Pacini's, Rosenthal's, S alter thwaite's, 
Schafer's, Schroeder's, Schullze's, and Sylvester's, q. v. 

artistomia (ar-le-sto' -me-ah) [apn, exactly; arona, 
a mouth]. 1. Distinctness in utterance. 2. The 
condition of an aperture, especially in surgicai 
incisions, in which the size is perfectly adapted to 
the purpose. 

artiyls (ar'-te-ils) [apnos, complete]. Loewig's 
name for hydrocarbons of the general formula Cnll2n. 

Artocarpus (ar-to-kar'-pus) [apros, bread; Kapirbs, 
a fruit]. A genus of trees of the order Urticacece, 
including the breadfruit-tree, A. incisa. A. blumei 
is an East Indian species with an edible fruit, the 
oil of which is used in diarrhea; an ointment from 
the buds and leaves is applied to buboes. A. inte- 
grifolia, native in India, is prized for its wood; the 
root is used in diarrhea and as an external appli- 
cation in leprosy ; the root-bark is used as a vermifuge. 

artus (ar'-tus) [L.: pi., artus], A joint; a limb; the 
joints collectively. 

aryepiglottic (ar-e-ep-e-glot'-ik). Same as ary- 
tenoepiglottic. 

aryl (ar'-il). A chemical prefix denoting an organic 
radical belonging to the aromatic series. 

arylarsonates (ar-il-ar'-so-nals). Aromatic organic 
salts of arsenic, such as atoxyl, soamin and six hundred 
and six. 

arytenectomy (ar-e-len-ek'-to-me). See arytenoid- 
ectomy. 

arytenoepiglottic (ar-it-en-o-ep-e-glol'-ik) [bpiiraiva, 
a pitcher; udos likeness; iiri, upon; yXwrris, glottis]. 
Eclating to an arytenoid cartilage and to the epi- 
glottis; as the arytenoepiglGltic fold (or folds), con- 
sisting of a fold of mucous membrane that extends 
from each arytenoid cartilage to the epiglottis. 

arytenoid (ar-if -en-oid) [6,pvraiva, a pitcher; eldos, 
likeness]. 1. Resembling the mouth of a pitcher. 
2. Pertaining to the arytenoid cartilages, a. car- 
tilages, two cartilages of the larynx regulating, by 
means of the attached muscles, the tension of the 
vocal bands, a. glands, muciparous glands, found 



ARYTENOIDECTOMY 



95 



ASCITES 



in large numbers along the posterior margin of the 
arytenoepiglottic fold in front of the arytenoid 
cartilages, a. muscle, a muscle arising from the 
posterior surface of one arytenoid cartilage and 
inserted into the corresponding parts of the other. 
It is composed of three planes of fibers, two oblique 
and one transverse. It draws the arytenoid cartilages 
together. 

arytenoidectomy (ar-e-ten-oid-ek'-to-me) [arytenoid; 
eKTOfiri, a cutting-out]. Removal of an arytenoid 
cartilage. 

arytenoiditis (ar-e-ten-oid-i'-tis). Inflammation of 
the arytenoid cartilage or muscles. 

arythmia (ar-ith'-me-ah). See arrhythmia. 

arythmic (ar-ith'-mik). See arrhythmic. 

A. S. Abbreviation for Latin auris sinistra, the 
left ear. 

As. i. Chemical symbol for arsenic. 2. Abbrevi- 
ation for astigmatism. 

asa (a'-sah) [Pers., aza, mastic]. A gum. a. dul- 
cis, benzoin; also the drug called laser. 

asab [Ar.]. An African venereal disease said to 
differ from syphilis. 

asafetida, asafcetida (as-a-fet'-id-ah) [asa, gum; 
fcetida, stinking]. A gum-resin obtained from the 
root of Ferula fcstida. It is slightly soluble in alcohol 
and forms an emulsion with water. Its properties 
are due to a light volatile oil. It is antispasmodic, 
stimulating, expectorant, and is used in hysteria and 
in bronchial affections. Dose 5-20 gr. (0.32-1.3 
Gm.). a., emulsion of (emulsum asafcetidce, U. S. P.), 
a 4 % emulsion of asafetida. Dose \-2 oz. (15-60 
Cc). Syn., milk of asafetida. a., pills of (pilulcz 
asafcetida, U. S. P.), composed of asafetida, soap, 
and water. Dose 1-3. a., tincture of (tinctura 
asafcetidce, U. S. P.), strength, 20 %. Dose 10-30 
min. (0.6-2.0 Cc). Dewees' carminative (mistura 
magnesice et asafcetidce) is an unofficial preparation 
composed of magnesium carbonate, 5; tincture of 
asafetida, 7; tincture of opium, 1; sugar, 10; distilled 
water, sufficient to make 100 parts. Dose i dr.-| oz. 
(1-15 Cc). 

asaphia (as-a'-fe-ah) [a, priv.; <ra<j>r)s, clear]. Indis- 
tinctness of utterance, especially that due to cleft 
palate. 

asaprol (as'-ap-rol), CaC 2 oHi4S 2 08 +3H2O. Cal- 
cium betanaphthol-a-monosulphonate, a substance 
readily soluble in water and alcohol, and recom- 
mended in asthma, tonsillitis, and acute articular 
rheumatism, in doses of from 15-60 gr. (1-4 Gm.). 

asarcia (ah-sar'-se-ah) [&, priv.; ffdp£, flesh]. 
Emaciation; leanness. 

asarin (as'-ar-in). Same as asarone. 

asarol (as f -ar-ol) [asarum; oleum, oil], CioHisO. 
A camphor-like body derived from asarum. 

asarone (as'-ar-on) [aaapov, asarabacca], C20H26O5. 
Asarin. The solid component of the oil from Asarum 
europceum. It forms monoclinic prisms, has an 
aromatic taste, and smells like camphor. 

Asarum (as'-ar-um) [aaapov, asarabacca]. A genus 
of aristolochiaceous plants. A. canadense, called 
wild ginger, Canada snakeroot, with other North 
American species, is used chiefly in domestic practice. 
It is a fragrant, aromatic stimulant. Dose of fluid- 
extract 15 min.-| dr. (1-2 Cc). A. europceum has 
diaphoretic, emetic, purgative, and diuretic qualities, 
but is now little used except in veterinary practice. 

asbestiform (as-best' -e-form) [asbestos]. Fibrous in 
structure. 

asbestos (as-bes'-tos) [a<r(ie<rTos, unquenchable], 
A soft fibrous mineral made up of flexible or elastic 
filaments, and the best nonconductor of heat known. 
Mixed with plast tx it is used in mechanical dentistry 
as a substitute for sand to form the investment 
preparatory to soldering. It has also a limited use 
in surgery. 

asbolic, asbolicous, asbolicus (as-bol'-ik, ' -us) 
[aafldXos, sooc]. Sooty; due to soot; e. g., carcinoma 
scroti asbolicum. 

asbolin (as'-bol-in) [see asbolic]. A bitter, acrid, yel- 
low oil extracted from soot; it is used in tuberculosis. 

ascariasis (as-kar-i'-as-is) [ascaris]. The symptoms 
produced by the presence of ascarides in the gastro- 
intestinal canal. 

ascaricide (as-kar'-is-id) ascaris; ccedere, to kill]. 
A medicine that kills ascarides. 

Ascaridas (as-kar'-ede) [ascaris]. A family of 
nematode worms, to which belongs the round-worm 
(Ascaris lumbricoides) and the threadworm (Oxyuris 
vermicularis). 



ascarides (as-kar'-id-ez). Plural of ascaris. 

ascaridiasis (as-kar-id-i'-as-is). The presence ot 
ascarides in the intestine. 

Ascaris (as'-kar-is) [iaKapls, a species of intestinal 
worm; pi. ascarides]. A genus of parasitic worms 
inhabiting the intestine of most animals. A. alata, 
a variety that has rarely been found in man. A. 
lumbricoides, a variety found in the ox, hog, and man. 
It inhabits the small intestine, especially of children. 
A. mystax, the roundworm of the cat, rarely found in 
man. A. trichiuris, the whip-worm. A. vermicularis. 
Synonym of Oxyuris vermicularis. 

ascending (as-end'-ing) v ascendere, to rise]. Taking 
an upward course; rising (as parts of the aorta and 
colon, and as one of the venae cava;), a. aorta, the 
first part of the aorta, a. colon, the first part of the 
colon, a. current, in electricity, one going from 
the periphery to a nerve-center, a. degeneration, a 
degeneration of the nerve-fibers extending from the 
periphery' to the center, or, in the spinal cord, from 
below upward toward the brain, a. metamorphosis, 
same as anabolism. a. paralysis. See paralysis, 
ascending, a. tracts, the centripetal tracts of the 
spinal cord, carrying afferent impulses. 

Asch's operation [ash) [Morris J. Asch, American 
physician]. For deviation of nasal septum; it 
consists in a crucial incision over the deflection, 
taking up the segments, reduction of the deflection, 
and insertion of a tube to hold the segments in 
place. 

Ascherson's vesicles (ash'-er-sun) [Ferdinand 
Moricz Ascherson, German physician, 1798-1879]. 
The peculiar small globules formed when oil and an 
albuminous fluid are agitated together; formerly 
thought to be cells. 

ascheturesis (as-ket-u-re'-sis) [ao-xeros, resistless; 
avprtais, urination]. An uncontrollable desire to 
urinate; irrepressible urination. 

aschistodactylism (as-kis-lo-dak'-til-izm) [d<rxto"ros, 
uncloven; S&ktvKos, finger]. A synonym of syndac- 
tylism. 

aschistodactylous (as-kis-to-dak'-til-us). Affected 
with syndactylism. 

Aschoff bodies (ah'-shoff) [Ludwig Aschoff, German 
pathologist, 1886- ]. Nodular bodies found in 
the myocardium in patients who have suffered from 
rheumatism. 

ascia (ah'-se-ah or as'-ke-ah) [a, priv.; axid, 
shadow]. A spiral bandage applied without reverses, 
each turn of which overlaps the preceding for about 
one-third of its width. Dolabra repens is the same 
as the preceding, but the spirals are formed more 
obliquely and do not overlap each other, but are 
separated by a greater or less interval. Syn., dolabra 
currens; fascia spiralis. 

ascites (as-i'-tez) [&<77ar»js, a kind of dropsy; from 
&<ric6s, a bag]. An abnormal collection of serous 
fluid in the peritoneal cavity; dropsy of the peri- 
toneum. It is either local in origin or part of a 
general dropsy. The ascitic fluid is usually clear, 
yellow, and coagulates on standing. It may be 
turbid, blood-stained, and contain lymph-particles 
or shreds. There are uniform enlargement of the 
abdomen, fluctuation, percussion-dulness. Its usual 
cause is cirrhosis of the liver. Syn., abdominal 
dropsy; hydroperitoneum ; hydrops peritoncei. See 
Duparque's method for detecting ascites, a., active, 
a., acute, that in which there is a sudden large effusion 
due to exposure or cold. a. adiposus, ascites char- 
acterized by a fluid, milky appearance, due to the 
presence in it of numerous cells that have undergone 
fatty degeneration and solution. It is seen in certain 
cases of carcinoma, tuberculosis, and other chronic 
inflammations of the peritoneum. Syn., ascites 
oleosus. a. chylosus, the presence of chyle in the 
peritoneal cavity. It follows rupture of a chyle-duct. 
a. intercus, an effusion occurring between the skin 
and the peritoneum, a. intermuscularis, edema of 
the adbominal muscles, a., mechanical, a., passive, 
that due to diseases which retard the blood-current in 
the portal vein. a. saccatus. 1. A form in which 
the effusion is prevented by adhesions or inflamma- 
tory exudate from entering the general peritoneal 
cavity. Syn., encysted dropsy of the peritoneum. 
2. An ovarian cystoma, a., sanguineous, a bloody 
form affecting sheep and lambs. Syn., diarrhemia. 
a. vaginalis, a collection of liquid within the sheath 
of the rectus abdominis muscle, a. vulgatior, a form 
apparently due to diseased kidneys, and preceded by 
scanty, highly colored urine. 



ASCITIC 



96 



ASPERMIA 



ascitic (as-it'-ik) [see ascites]. Pertaining to or 
affected with ascites. 

asclepiadin (as-kle-pi'-ad-in) [asclepias]. A bitter 
glucoside obtainable from various species of Asclepias. 
It is poisonous, and has emetic, purgative, and 
sudorific properties. 

Asclepias (as-kle'-pe-as) [dox\ij7n.ds]. I. Pleurisy- 
root. The root of Asclepias tuberosa. A popular 
remedy in the Southern States for pleurisy. It is 
diaphoretic, emetic, and cathartic. The infusion 
recommended has a strength of i oz. of the powdered 
root to 32 oz. of water. Dose a teacupful every 
3 or 4 hours. 2. A genus of plants of the order 
Asclepiadacece. A. curassavica, blood-flower, is an 
herb common to tropical America; astringent, styptic, 
and anthelmintic against the tape-worm. Dose of 
fluidextract 20 min.-i dr. (1.3-4.0 Cc). A. longifolia, 
of the western United States, is diaphoretic. 

asclepin (as'-kle-pin) [asclepias]. 1. A poisonous 
principle obtainable from asclepiadin by the separa- 
tion of glucose from the latter. 2. The precipitate 
from a tincture of Asclepias tuberosa; alterative, 
evacuant, tonic, sedative. Dose 2-4 gr. (0.13-0.26 
Gm.). 

asclepion (as-kle'-pe-on). A resinous substance, 
C20H34O3, obtained from Asclepias syriaca. 

Ascococcus (as-ko-kok'-us) [ascus; kokkos, a kernel]. 
A genus of the family of Schizomycetes. The Asco- 
cocci are microorganisms made up of round or ovoid 
cells, united in massive colonies, and surrounded by 
tough, thick, gelatinous envelopes, a. Billrothii, a 
form found in putrid meat; its natural habitat is 
the air; it is probably not pathogenic. 

Ascoidium (as-ko-id' -e-um) [ascus; elSos, likeness]. 
A genus of Infusoria found in the urine and feces of 
typhoid fever patients, in sewage, in the excrement 
of cattle, and in the cecum of swine. 

Ascomycetes (as-ko-mi-se'-tez). A group of fungi, 
including aspergillus and oidium. 

ascospore (as'-ko-spor) [ascus; airbpos, spore]. 
A spore produced by or in an ascus. 

ascus (as'-kus) [&<tk6s, a bag or bladder]. - The 
characteristic spore-case of some fungi and lichens, 
usually consisting of a single terminal cell containing 
eight spores. 

-ase (as). A termination denoting an enzyme; 
thus lipase, a fat -splitting enzyme. 

asecretory (ah-se'-kret-o-re) [a, priv.; secretus, 
separate]. Dry; without secretion. 

Aselli's glands or pancrease [Gaspar Aselli, Italian 
anatomist, 1581-1626]. A group of lymphatic 
glands situated at the root of the mesentery. 

aselline (as-el'-en). A poisonous ieukomaine found 
in cod-liver oil. 

asemasia (ah-sem-a' -ze-ah) [a, priv.; arj/xaaia, a 
signaling]. Absence of the power to communicate 
either by signs or by language. 

asemia (ah-se'-me-ah) [&, priv.; <jrjp.a, sign]. In- 
ability to form, express, or understand any sign, 
token, or symbol of thought or feeling, whether 
speech,_ writing or gesture, a. mimica. See amimia. 
a. spuria. See parasemia. 

asepsin (ah-sep'-sin). See antisepsin. 

asepsis (ah-sep'-sis) [d, priv.; a^vs, putrefaction]. 
Absence of pathogenic microorganisms. 

aseptic (ah-sep' -tik) [a, priv.; ^xros, septic]. 
Free from pathogenic bacteria, as aseptic wounds. 
a. surgery, the mode of surgical practice in which 
everything that is used, as well as the wound, is in a 
germ-free condition. 

asepticism (ah-sep' -tis-izm) [see aseptic]. The 
doctrine or principles of aseptic surgery. 

asepticize (ah-sep' -tis-iz) [see aseptic]. To render 
aseptic. 

aseptin (ah-sep' -tin) [see aseptic]. A proprietary 
preparation containing boric acid, used for pre- 
serving articles of food. 

aseptol (ah-sep' -tol) [see aseptic], C6H6SO4. A 
reddish liquid, with an odor of phenol, recom- 
mended as a disinfectant and antiseptic. It is used 
externally (i to 10 % solution) and internally in 
about the same dose as phenol. Syn., sozolic acid; 
phenolsulphonic acid. 

aseptolin (ah-sep' -tol-in) . A preparation of pilo- 
carpine (0.018 %) in an aqueous solution of phenol 
(2.74%); it is used in tuberculosis and in malaria. 
Dose 50-70 min. (3-4 Cc.) daily, injected subcu- 
taneously. 

asexual (ah-seks'-u-al) [d, priv.; sexus, sex]. With- 
out sex; nonsexual. 



asexualization (ah-seks-u-al-iz-a'-shun). Removal 
of the testicles in the male, or of the ovaries in the 
female. 

As. H. Abbreviation for hyperoptic astigmatism. 

ash [ME., asch]. 1. The incombustible mineral 
residue that remains when a substance is incinerated. 
2. See manna, a. manna. See manna, a., prickly. 
See xanthoxylum. 

asialia (as-e-a'-le-ah) [&, priv.; <ria\ov, spittle]. 
Deficiency or failure of the secretion of saliva. 

Asiatic (a-zhe-at'-ik) [Asia]. Pertaining or belong- 
ing to Asia. A. cholera. See cholera, Asiatic. A. 
pill, a pill composed of arsenic trioxide, black pepper, 
powdered licorice, and mucilage. 

Asimina (as-im-e'-nah) [L.]. A genus of trees. 
A. triloba is the papaw tree of North America. 

asitia (ah-sW -e-ah) [d, priv.; alros, food]. The 
want of food; also a loathing for food. 

askelia (ah-skel' -e-ah) [d, priv.; ovceXos, leg]. Non- 
development of the legs. 

As. M. Abbreviation for myopic astigmatism. 

asoma (ah-so'-mah) [&, priv.; acbp.a, body]. A 
species of omphalositic monster characterized by an 
absence of the trunk. The head is never well 
formed, and the vessels run from it to the placenta 
in the membranes. Beneath the head is a sac in 
which rudiments of body-organs may be found. 
This is the rarest form of omphalosites. 

asomus (ah-so'-mus) [d, priv.; <ru>ij.a, body]. A 
monster with only a rudimentary body. 

asonia (ah-so'-ne-ah) [a, priv.; sonus, a sound]. 
Tone-deafness. 

aspalasoma (as-pal-as-o'-mah) [do-xdXa?, mole; 
<rw/za, body]. A variety of single autositic monsters 
of the species Celosoma, in which there is a lateral or 
median eventration occupying principally the lower 
portion of the abdomen, with the urinary apparatus, 
the genital apparatus, and the rectum opening 
externally by three distinct orifices. 

asparagine (as-par'-aj-en) [asparagus], C4H8N2O3. 
An alkaloid found in the seeds of many plants, in 
asparagus, beet-root, peas, and beans. It forms 
shining, four-sided, rhombic prisms, readily soluble 
in hot water, but not in alcohol or ether. It is an 
amid of aspartic acid, and forms compounds with 
both acids and bases. It is diuretic. Asparagine 
hydrargyrate has been used as an antisyphilitic, in 
doses of £ gr. (0.01 Gm.) hypodermatically. 

asparaginic acid. See acid, asparaginic. 

Asparagus (as-par'-ag-us) [6.0-rrapayos, asparagus]. 
1. The green root of Asparagus officinalis, a mild 
diuretic. Dose of fluidextract |-i dr. (2-4 Cc). 
Unof. 2. A genus of plants belonging to the order 
Liliacecc. A. acutifolius, a species of southern 
Europe, is said to be more efficient medicinally than 
A. officinalis. A. racemosus and A. sarmenlosus, of 
the old world tropics, are employed in the same 
manner as salep; an infusion of the root of A. sar- 
mentosus is used to prevent the confluence of small- 
pox pustules. 

asparamide (as-par'-am-id). See asparagine. 

asparolin (as-par'-ol-in). A brown liquid said to 
consist of guaiac, asparagus, parsley, black haw, 
and henbane. It is used as an antispasmodic 
uterine tonic. Dose, 2-4 drams in hot water. 
• aspartic acid (as-par'-tik). See acid, aspartic. 

aspastic (ah-spas'-tik). Not spastic. 

aspergillin (as-per-jil'-in) [aspergillus]. A pig- 
ment obtained from the spores of Aspergillus niger. 
Syn., vegetable hematin. 

aspergillosis (as-per-jil-o'-sis). Pseudotubercu- 
losis; morbid lesions due to some species of Asper- 
gillus. 

Aspergillus (as-per-jil'-us) [aspergere, to sprinkle]. 
A genus of fungi. A. auricularis, a fungus found in 
the wax of the ear. A. fumigatus, found in the ear, 
nose, and lungs. A. glaucus, the bluish mold found 
,upon dried fruit. A.-keratitis, corneal inflammation 
due to invasion by a fungus belonging to the genus 
Aspergillus. Syn., Keratomycosis aspergillina. A. 
mucoroides, a species found in tuberculous or 
gangrenous lung tissue. A.-mycosis. See otomycosis. 

aspermatic (ah-sper-mat'-ik) [d, priv.; cnrkpua, 
seed]. Affected with or relating to aspermatism. 

aspermatism (ah-sper'-mat-izm) [d, priv.; airepua, 
seed]. 1. Non-emission of semen, whether owing to 
non-secretion or non-ejaculation. 2. Defective 
secretion of semen or lack of formation of sper- 
matozoa. 

aspermia (ah-sper'-me-ah). Same as aspermatism. 



ASPERMOUS 



97 



ASTASIA 



aspermous {ah-sper' -mus) [see aspermalic]. With- 
out seed. 

asperous {as'-per-us) [asper, rough]. Uneven; 
having a surface with distinct minute elevations. 

aspersion (as-per'-shun) [asper gere, to sprinkle]. 
Treatment of disease by sprinkling the body or the 
affected part with a medicinal agent. 

aspersus {as-per'-sus) [see aspersion]. Covered 
with scattered dots or punctures. 

asphalgesia {as-fal-je'-ze-ah) [aa-cj>i, their own; 
aXyrjcns, pain]. Pitres' term for a condition observed 
in hypnotism, in which intense pain follows the 
touching of certain articles, and prolonged contact 
produces convulsions. 

asphyctic, asphyctous {as-fik'-tik, -tus) [asphyxia]. 
I. Affected with asphyxia. 2. Pulseless. 

asphyxia {as-fiks'-e-ah) [a, priv.; cr<£i>£is, the pulse]. 
Suffocation; the suspension of vital phenomena 
resulting when the lungs are deprived of oxygen. 
The excess of carbon dioxide in the blood at first 
stimulates, then paralyzes, the respiratory center of 
the medulla. Artificial respiration is therefore 
required in cases of asphyxia, a. cataphora, that 
with brief incomplete remissions, a., lethargic, deep 
sleep accompanying mental and physical torpor. 
a., local, that stage of Raynaud's disease in which 
the affected parts are dusky red from intense con- 
gestion, a. neonatorum, the asphyxia of the new- 
born from any cause, a. sideratorum, loss of con- 
sciousness from lightning-stroke, a., solar, a. Solaris, 
sunstroke, a., syncopal, a form of asphyxia in which 
the heart-cavities are found vacant, a. valsalviana, 
syncope due to disturbance of cardiac functions. 

asphyxial {as-fik' -se-al) . Relating to or charac- 
terized by asphyxia. 

asphyxiant (as-fiks'-e-anf) [see asphyctic]. 1. Pro- 
ducing asphyxia. 2. An agent capable of producing 
asphyxia. 

asphyxiate {as-fiks'-e-at) [see asphyctic]. To pro- 
duce or cause asphyxia. 

aspic {as'-pik) [a and spic, lavender spike]. The 
great lavender, or spike lavender, Lavandula spica. 
Its oil is at present used in veterinary practice and 
occasionally in liniments. 

aspidin (as'-pid-in) [Aspidium, a genus of ferns]. 
C23H27O7. An active principle obtained from male- 
fern. 

aspidiopsoriasis (as-pid-e-o-so-ri'-as-is) [a<TirL8iov, 
a little shield; psoriasis]. A form of psoriasis marked 
by the formation of scutiform scales. 

Aspidium (as-pid'-e-um) (L.; gen., aspidii]. 1. A 
genus of ferns known as shield-ferns. 2. The rhizome 
of Aspidium filix-mas and of A. marginale, or mala- 
fern. Its propesfcies are due to a resin containing 
filicic acid. It is valuable chiefly against tape-worm. 
Dose I dr.-| oz. (2-15 Cc). a., liquid extract of 
{extr actum filicis liquidum, B. P.). Dose 15 min- 
1 dr. (1-4 Cc). a., oleoresin of {oleoresina aspidii, 
U. S. P.), an ethereal extract. Dose |-i dr. (2-4 Cc). 

aspidol (as'-pid-ol) [Aspidium, a genus of ferns]. 
C20H34O. A substance isolated from malefern. 

aspidosamin {as-pid-os'-am-in), C22H28N2O2. A 
basic principle from quebracho bark. It is emetic. 

Aspidosperma {as-pid-o-sper' -mah) [&<nris, a shield; 
airepua, a seed]. A genus of apocynaceous trees, of 
which the quebracho is the most important. 

aspidospermatin (as-pid-o-sper' -mat-in) [do-xts, 
a shield; cnrepua, seed]. A basic substance, from 
quebracho bark, said to be isomeric with aspidosa- 
mine and to depress the temperature when admin- 
istered. 

aspidospermine {as-pid-o-sper' -men) [see aspido- 
sperma], C22H30N2O2. An alkaloid extracted from 
quebracho {Aspidosperma quebracho). It is a respira- 
tory stimulant and antispasmodic. Dose 1-2 gr. 
(0.065-0.13 Gm.). 

aspiration {as-pir-a' -shun) [ad, to; spirare, to 
breathe]. 1. The act of sucking up or sucking in; 
inspiration; imbibition. 2. The act of using the 
aspirator. 3. A method of withdrawing the fluids 
and gases from a cavity, a. pneumonia. See pneu- 
monia, aspiration. 

aspirator {as' -pir-a-tor) [see aspiration]. An ap- 
paratus for withdrawing liquids from cavities by 
means of suction. 

aspirin {as'-pir-in). The acetic-acid ester of 
salicylic acid; small needles without color or taste, 
used as an antipyretic and analgesic, as is sodium 
salicylate. Dose 15 gr. (1 Gm.). Syn., acetyl 
salicylic acid. 



aspirolithin {as-pir-o-lith'-in). A proprietary 
combination of aspirin and lithium. 

aspirophen {as-pi' -ro-f en). A mixture containing 
salicylic acid and monacetyl phenocoll; it is said to 
be antirheumatic and antipyratic Dose 10-15 gr. 
(0.6-1.0 gm.). 

Asplenium {as-ple'-ne-um). A genus of ferns called 
spleen-worts, or miltwastes. 

asporogenic {ah-spor-o-jen'-ik) [&, priv.; airopos, 
seed; yev-qs, producing]. Not reproducing by means 
of spores; not producing spores. 

asporogenous {as-por-oj'-en-us). Same as asporo- 
genic. 

asporous {ah-spo ; -rus) [&, priv.; awopos, seed]. 
Without spores. 

assafetida {as-a-fet'-id-ah). See asafelida. 

assanation {as-an-a'-shun) [ad, to; sanare, to make 
sound]. The improvement of sanitary conditions. 

assault {as-awlt') [assalire, to assail]. An attack. 
a., criminal, in medical jurisprudence, the touching 
or attempting to touch, on the part of a male, any 
of the sexual organs (the breasts included) of a female 
against her will, even though they be covered by 
clothing. 

assay {as-a') [Fr., assayer], 1. The testing or 
analysis of a metal or drug to determine the relative 
proportion of its constituents. 2. The substance 
thus tested. 3. The process of assaying. 

Assegat, triangle of. See under Assezat. 

asselline {as-el'-en). A poisonous leukomaine 
obtained from cod-liver-oil. 

Assezat, triangle of, {ah-sa-zah') [Jules Assezat, 
French anthropologist, 1832- ]. A triangle formed 
by lines uniting the projection of the nasion on the 
alveolo-condylar plane and the alveolar and nasal 
points and one uniting the two latter. 

assident {as'-id-ent) [assidere, to sit by]. Usually, 
but not always, accompanying a disease; as, assident 
symptoms. Opposed to pathognomonic. 

assideration {as-id-er-a'-shun) [ad, intensive; 
sideratio, an evil influence]. In forensic medicine, 
infanticide by immersing in ice-cold water. 

assimilable {as-im'-il-a-bl) [assimulare, to make 
like]. Capable of being assimilated; nutritious. 

assimilation {as-im-il-a' -shun) [see assimilable]. 
The process of transforming food into so nutrient a 
condition that it is taken up by the circulatory 
system, to form an integral part of the economy; 
synthetic or constructive metabolism; anabolism. 
a.-limit, the amount of starchy or saccharine food 
which a person can ingest without the appearance of 
glycosuria, a., mental, the mental reception of 
impressions and their assignment by the conscious- 
ness to their proper place, a., primary, that con- 
cerned in the conversion of food into chyle and blood. 
a., secondary, that relating to the formation of the 
organized tissues of the body. 

associated {as-o'-se-a-ied) [associatus, united]. 
Joined, a. movements, coincident or consensual 
movements of muscles other than the leading one, 
and which, by habit or unity of purpose, are invol- 
untarily connected with its action: both eyeballs 
move alike in reading, though one be a blind eye. 
Movement of the normal arm will sometimes produce 
slight motion of the opposite paralyzed arm. Uni- 
formity of innervation is usually the cause of these 
movements, a. paralysis, a. spasm, a common 
paralysis or spasm of associated muscles. 

association center {as-so-se-a'-shun). The center 
controlling associated movements, a. c, anterior, 
that part of the frontal cortex anterior to the motor 
area. a. c, middle, the island of Reil. a. c, pos- 
terior, that part of the cortex situated between the 
sensory area at the equator and the area for vision 
in the occipital lobe. 

association test. A word is mentioned to the 
patient, and the physician observes what other 
words the patient will give as the ones suggested to 
him by the first word. The time consumed in this 
process is also noted. 

assonance {as'-o-nans) [assonare, to respond to]. 
A morbid tendency to employ alliteration. 

assuetude {as'-su-e-tud). Habituation to disturbing 
influences; the condition of the organism in which it 
has acquired such tolerance for a drug or poison that 
the effect it once had is lost. 

assurin {as'-u-rin), C46H97N2P2O9. A name given 
by Thudichum to a complex substance occurring in 
brain tissue. 

astasia {ah-sia'-se-ah) [a, priv.; ardcns, standing]. 



ASTATIC 



98 



ASTRAGALOCALCANEAN 



Motor incoordination for standing, a.-abasia, a 
symptom consisting in inability to stand or walk 
in a normal manner. The person affected seems to 
collapse when attempting to walk. 

astatic (ah-stat'-ik). Having no directive tendency. 
a. needle, an apparatus consisting of two needles of 
equal magnetic moments and exactly reversed in 
direction. 

asteatosis (as-te-at-o'-sis) [&, priv.; trrkap, tallow; 
d)5r}s, fulness]. i. A deficiency or absence of the 
sebaceous secretion. 2. Any skin disease (as xero- 
derma) characterized by scantiness or lack of the 
sebaceous secretion.- a. cutis, a condition of dimin- 
ished sebaceous secretion, as the result of which the 
skin becomes dry, scaly, and often fissured. 

aster (as'-ier) [&<rrrip, a star]. 1. The stellate 
structure surrounding the centrosome. 2. The stellar 
group of chromosomes during karyokinesis. 

astereognosis (ah-ste-re-og-no'-sis) [&, priv. ; arepeos, 
solid; ypwas, knowledge]. Inability to recognize 
objects by the sense of touch, due to lesion in the 
central parietal lobule. Syn., stereoagnosis. Cf., 
aphasia, tactile. 

asterion (as-te'-re-on) [aster]. A point on the 
skull corresponding to the junction of the occipital, 
parietal, and temporal bones. 

asternal (ah-ster'-nal) [&, priv.; arkpvov, the 
breast-bone]. 1. Without a sternum. 2. Not con- 
nected with the sternum, a. ribs, the five lower 
pairs, because not joined directly to the sternum. 

asternia (ah-ster'-ne-ah) [see asternal]. Absence of 
the sternum. 

asteroid (as'-ter-oid) [aster; eldos, likeness]. 
1. Stellate. 2. See astrocyte. 

asterol (as'-ler-ol). Trade name of a preparation 
of paraphenolsulphonate of mercury and ammonium 
tartrate; it is used as a surgical antiseptic and 
bactericide. 

asthenia (ah-sthe'-ne-ah) [&, priv.; aOkvos, strength]. 
Absence of strength ; adynamia. Syn., lipopsychia. 

asthenic (ah-sthen'-ik) [see asthenia]. Charac- 
terized by asthenia. 

asthenogenia, asthenogenesis (ah-slhen-o-je'-ne-ah, 
ah-sthen-o-jen'-es-is) [asthenia; yewav, to produce]. 
* The production of asthenia. 

asthenometer (ah-sthen-om'-et-er) [asthenia; \ikrpov, 
a measure]. An instrument for detecting and measur- 
ing asthenia; especially, a device for measuring mus- 
cular asthenopia. 

asthenope {as' -then-op). A person suffering from 
asthenopia. 

asthenopia (ah-sthen-o'-pe-ah) [asthenia; &[» eye]. 
Weakness of the ocular muscles or of visual power, 
due to errors of refraction, heterophoria, overuse, 
anemia, etc. a., accommodative, that due to hyper- 
opia, astigmatism, or a combination of the two, 
producing strain of the ciliary muscle, a., muscular, 
that due to weakness, incoordination (heterophoria), 
or strain of the external ocular muscles, a., nervous, 
a., retinal, a rare variety, caused by retinal hyperes- 
thesia, anesthesia, or other abnormity, or by general 
nervous affections, a. tarsal, that due to pressure 
of the eyelids on the cornea. 

asthenopic (ah-sthen-op'-ik) [see asthenopia]. Char- 
acterized by asthenopia. 

asthenoxia {as-then-ok'-se-ah) [asthenia; oxygen]. 
Insufficient oxidation of the waste products of 
metabolism. 

asthma (az'-mah) [aadp.a, panting]. A paroxysmal 
affection of the bronchial tubes characterized by 
dyspnea, cough, and a feeling of constriction and 
suffocation. The disease is probably a neurosis, and 
is due to hyperemia and swelling of the bronchial 
mucous membrane, with a peculiar secretion of a 
mucin-like substance. The attacks may be caused 
by direct irritation of the bronchial mucous mem- 
brane or by indirect or reflex irritation, as from the 
nose, the stomach, the uterus. When dependent 
upon disease of the heart, the kidneys, stomach, 
thymus, etc., it has been designated cardiac, renal, 
peptic, thymic, etc. a., arthritic. 1. That due to 
gout. 2. Angina pectoris, a., bronchial. Same as 
asthma, a., cardiac, paroxysmal dyspnea due to 
heart disease, a. convulsivum. Synonym of asthma. 
a. crystals, acicular crystals (Charcot-Leyden crys- 
tals) contained in the sputum of asthmatic patients. 
They are generally associated with eosinophil cells. 
a. cultrariorum. See fibroid phthisis, a. dyspepti- 
cum, asthma due to nervous reflexes through the 
vagus, a., fuller's, a. fullorum, a pulmonary affec- 



tion due to inhaling particles of wool and dust in the 
manufacture of cloth, a., grinders'. See fibroid 
phthisis, a., hay-. See hay-fever, a., intrinsic, 
that due to direct irritation of the lungs, a., marine. 
See beriberi, a., miller's. See laryngismus stridulus. 
a., miner's. See anthracosis. a. nervosum. Syn- 
onym of asthma, a., organic, asthma of cardiac 
origin, a.-paper, niter-paper, a., paralytic bron- 
chial, a rare form attributed to a relaxed condition of 
the bronchioles, a., pneumobulbar, See's term for a 
form attributed to pulmonary irritation transmitted 
to the bronchioles by reflexes through the vagus. 
a. purulentum, that due to an abscess in the respira- 
tory passages, a., renal, a paroxysmal dyspnea 
sometimes occurring in the course of Bright 's disease. 
a., spasmodic. See asthma, a., thymic. Synonym 
of laryngismus stridulus. 

asthmatic (az-mat'-ik) [see asthma]. Relating to 
or affected with asthma. 

asthmaticoscorbutic (az-mat-ik-o-skor-bu'-tik). Re- 
lating to asthma and scurvy. 

asthmatophthisis (as-mat-o-tis'-is). Pulmonary 
tuberculosis attended with asthma. Syn., asth- 
matic phthisis. 

asthmatorthopnea, asthmorthopnea (az-mat-or- 
thop'-ne-ah, az-mor-thop' -ne-ah) [asthma; orthopnea]. 
Orthopnea due to asthma or respiratory obstruction 
located in the chest. 

asthma-weed. Lobelia inflata. 

asthmogenic (az-mo-jen'-ik) [asthma; yevvav, to 
produce]. Causing asthma. 

asthmolysin (az-mol'-is-in). A mixture of the 
extracts of the suprarenal glands and of the hypo- 
physis with some preservative; said to be serviceable 
in asthma. It is administered by hypodermic 
injection. 

astigmagraph (as-tig'-ma-graf) [&, priv.; arlypia., 
a point; ypa<peiv, to write]. An instrument for 
illustrating the phenomena of astigmatism. 

astigmatic (ah-stig-mat'-ik) [astigmatism]. Per- 
taining to or affected with astigmatism. 

astigmatism {ah-siig'-mat-izm) [&, priv." <rriyp.a, a 
point, because rays of light from a point are not 
brought to a point by the refractive media of the 
eye]. That condition of the eye in which rays of 
light from a point do not converge to a point on the 
retina. It is usually due to inequality of curvature 
of the different meridians of the cornea (corneal 
astigmatism), but may be caused by imperfections 
of the lens (lenticular astigmatism), unequal con- 
traction of the ciliary muscle, or may perhaps be due 
to retinal imperfection. It may be acquired or 
congenital, and may complicate hyperopia or myopia, 
producing either simple hyperopia, astigmatism., in 
which one principal meridian is emmetropic, the 
other hyperopic, or compound hyperopic astigmatism, 
in which both meridians are hyperopic. but one 
more so than the other. Complicating myopia we 
may in the same way have simple myopic or com- 
pound myopic astigmatism. In mixed astigmatism 
one principai meridian is myopic, the other hyperopic. 
Regular astigmatism is when the two principal 
meridians are at right angles to each other; irregular 
astigmatism when different parts of a meridian have 
different refracting powers. 

astigmatometer (ah-stig-mat-om'-et-er) [astigmat- 
ism; ukrpov, a measure]. An instrument for measur- 
ing the degree of astigmatism. 

astigmia (ah-stig'-me-ah). See astigmatism. 

astigmic (ah-stig'-mik). See astigmatic. 

astigmometer (ah-stig-mom'-el-er). See astigmato- 
meter. 

astigmometry (ah-stig-mom'-et-re). The measure- 
ment of astigmatism. 

astigmoscope (ah-stig'-mo-skop). An instrument 
for measuring astigmatism. 

astigmoscopy (ah-slig-mos'-kop-e). The measure- 
ment of astigmatism by the astigmoscope; the use 
of the astigmoscope. 

astomatous (ah-sto' -mat-us) [&, priv.; ar6p.a, 
mouth]. In biology, without a mouth or aperture. 

astomia (ah-sto' -me-ah) [a, priv.; ar6p.a, a mouth]. 
The condition of having no mouth. 

astomous (ah-sto' -mus). See astomatous. 

astragalar (as-trag'-al-ar). Relating to the astra- 
galus. 

astragalectomy (as-trag-al-ek'-lo-me) [astragalus; 
iKT6p.ri, excision]. Excision of the astragalus. 

astragalocalcanean (as-trag-al-o-kal-ka'-ne-an) . Re- 
lating to the astragalus and calcaneum. 



ASTRAGALOSCAPHOID 



99 



ATAXIA 



astragaloscaphoid (as-trag-al-o-skaf'-oid) . Relating 
to the astragalus and the scaphoid bone. 

astragalotibial (as-trag-al-o-tib'-e-al). Relating to 
the astragalus and the tibia. 

astragalus (as-irag'-al-us) [aa-rpayaXos, a die; the 
analogous bones of the sheep were used by the ancients 
as dice]. The ankle-bone, upon which the tibia rests. 

Astragalus. A genus of leguminous plants from 
some varieties of which gum tragacanth is derived. 
A. mollissimus is the loco-plant. The active prin- 
ciple of this plant has mydriatic properties. 

astral (as'-tral). Pertaining to an aster. 

astraphobia, astrapaphobia (as-trah-fo'-be-ah, as- 
trap-af-o'-be-ah) [harpa-irq, lightning; <£6/3os, fear]. 
Morbid fear of lightning. 

astriction (as-trik'-shun) [asctrictio; ad, to; stringer e, 
to bind]. Constipation or any condition resulting 
from the use of astringents. 

astringency (as-trin'-jen-se) [ad, to; stringer e, to 
bind]. The quality of being astringent. 

astringent (as-trin'-jent) [ad, to; stringer e, to bind]. 
i. Causing contraction; binding. 2. An agent pro- 
ducing contraction of organic tissues, or that arrests 
hemorrhages, diarrhea, etc. 

astro- (as-tro-) [aarpov, a star]. A prefix meaning 
star or star-shaped. 

astroblast (as'-tro-blast) [astro-; /SXaoros, a germ]. 
A variety of glia-cell less differentiated than the endy- 
mal cell and astrocytes. 

astrocyte (as'-tro-sit) [astro-; kvtos, cell]. 1. One 
of the cells derived from the endyma of the embryonic 
cerebrospinal canal that, in the course of develop- 
ment, wander toward the periphery, undergo modi- 
fication, and form one of the two chief divisions of 
glia-cells, the other divisions being the original 
endymal cells. Syn., Deiiers' cells. 2. A stellate 
bone-corpuscle. 

astroid (as'-iroid) [aarpov, a star; elSos, resem- 
blance]. 1. Star-shaped. 2. An astrocyte. 

astrokinetic (as-tro-kin-et'-ik) [astro-; Kiveiv, to 
move]. Applied to the phenomena of motion as 
exhibited by the centrosomes of cells. 

astrophobia (as-tro-fo'-be-ah) [aarpov, a star; <£6/Sos, 
fear]. Fear of the stars and celestial space. 

astrophorous (as-trof'-or-us) [aarpov, a star; <pepeiv, 
to bear]. Having stellate processes. 

astrosphere (as'-tro-sfer) [astro-; a-^alpa, sphere]. 

1. The radially arranged protoplasmic filaments 
surrounding the centrosome in a dividing cell. 

2. The central mass of the aster, exclusive of the 
filaments or rays, in which the centrosome lies. 

3. The entire aster exclusive of the centrosome. See 
cenirosphere and sphere of attraction. 

astrostatic (as-lro-stat'-ik) [astro-; loTavai, to 
stand]. Applied to the resting condition of the 
centrosomes of cells. 

Asturian (as-tu'-re-an). Relating to Asturia, an 
old province of Spain. A. rose. 1. Pellagra. Syn., 
rosa asturica; rosa asturiensis. 2. Leprosy. 

astyclinic (as-ti-klin'-ik) [acrrv, city; clinic]. Same 
as policlinic. 

astysia (ah-stiz'-e-ah) [a, priv.; arveiv, to make 
erect]. Incomplete power to erect the penis. 

asurol (as'-u-rol). A preparation containing 
mercury and sodium amido-oxybutyrate- it is used 
in syphilis. 

asyllabia (ah-sil-a'-be-ah) [&, priv.; <rv\\a(lri, a 
syllable], A condition in which individual letters 
are recognized, but the formation of syllables and 
words is impossible. 

asylum (as-i'-lum) [L., "a place of refuge"]. An 
institution for the support, safe-keeping, cure, or 
education of those incapable of caring for themselves, 
such as the insane, the blind, etc. a. ear. See 
hcematoma auris under hematoma. 

asymbolia (ah-sim-bo' -le-ah) [&, priv.; <rvp.(3o\ov, 
symbol]. The loss of all power of communication, 
even by signs or symbols. 

asymmetric carbon atom (as-im-et'-rik). In stereo- 
chemistry, a carbon atom to which four different 
univalents are attached. 

asymmetry (ah-sim' -el-re) [&, priv.; avp-nerpLa, 
symmetry]. 1. Unlikeness of corresponding organs 
or parts of opposite sides of the body that are nor- 
mally of the same size, etc., e. g., asymmetry of the 
two halves of the skull or brain. 2. The linking of 
carbon atoms to four different groups; the combina- 
tion of carbon atoms with different atoms or atomic 
groups, a., meridional. See under astigmatism. 
a., unilateral. See hemihy per trophy. 



asymphytous (ah-sim' -fit-us). Distinct; not grown 
together. 

asynclitism (ah-sin '-klil-izm) [&, priv.; avv, to- 
gether; /cXiffts, an inclination]. The condition of 
obliquity of two or more objects to each other; 
e. g., an oblique presentation of the fetal head at 
the superior strait of the pelvis. 

asynechia (ah-si-ne'-ke-ah) [&, priv.; o-vvkxew, to 
hold together]. Absence of continuity in structure. 

asynergia (ah-sin-er' -je-ah) . Same as asynergy. 

asynergic (ah-sin-ur'-jik). Not acting simul- 
taneously or in harmony. 

asynergy (ah-sin' -er-je) [a, priv.; avvepyia, co- 
operation]. Faulty coordination of the different 
organs or muscles normally acting in unison, a., 
progressive locomotor, a., motorial. See ataxia, 
locomotor. a., verbal, defective coordination of 
speech, as in aphasia, a., vocal, faulty coordination 
of the muscles of the larynx due to chorea. 

asynesia (ah-sin-e' -ze-ah) [aaweaia, stupidity]. 
Stupidity; loss or disorder of mental power. 

asynetic, asynetous (ah-sin-et'-ik, ah-sin' -et-jis). 
Affected with asynesia. 

asynodia (ah-sin-o'-de-ah) [a, priv.; avvoUa, a 
traveling together]. Sexual impotence. 

asynovia (ah-sin-o'-ve-ah) [a, priv.; synovia]. 
A deficiency of the synovial fluid. 

asynthesis (ah-sin' -thesis) [&, priv.; <rw0e<ns, a 
putting together]. A faulty connection of parts. 

asyntrophy (ah-sin' -tro-fe) [i, priv.; <rvvTpo<pla, a 
growing up together]. Absence of symmetry in 
growth and development. 

asystematic (ah-sis-lem-at'-ik) [&, priv.; ownfata. 
system]. Diffuse; not restricted to any one or 
several systems of nerve fibers; applied to nervous 
diseases that are general. 

asystole, asystolia (ah-sis'-to-le, ah-sis-to' -le-ah) 
[&, priv.; ava-ToX-n. a shortening]. Imperfect con- 
traction of the ventricles of the heart, a., cardia- 
taxic, transitory asystole due to accelerated heart- 
action, a., cardioplegic. See amyocardia. 

asystolic (ah-sis-tol'-ik) [see asystole]. Charac- 
terized by asystole. 

asystolism (ah-sis'-lol-itm) [&, priv.; a-varoXri, a 
shortening]. Inability of the right ventricle of the 
heart to empty itself of its contents, a condition 
encountered in the last stages of mitral incompetence. 
See asystole. 

atactic (at-ak'-lik) [oltclktos, irregular]. Irregular; 
incoordinate. Pertaining to muscular incoordination, 
especially in aphasia. 

atactilia (ah-tak-til' -e-ah) . Inability to recognize 
tactile impressions. 

atavic (at'-av-ik) [atavas, a forefather]. Relating 
to or characterized by atavism. 

atavism (al'-av-izm) [see atavic]. The reappearance 
of a peculiarity in an individual whose more or less 
remote progenitors possessed the same peculiarity 
but whose immediate ancestors did not present it. 

atavistic (at-av-is'-lik). Same as atavic. 

ataxaphasia (at-aks-u-fa'-ze-ah). Inability to 
arrange words synthetically into sentences. 

ataxia (al-aks'-e-ah) [ara^ia, want of order]. 
Incoordination of muscular action, a., bulbar, tabes 
due to a lesion in the pons or oblongata, a., cere- 
bellar, a., cerebral, a., spinal, that due to disease of 
the cerebellum of the brain or of the spinal cord. 
a. cordis. See delirium cordis, a., diphtheritic, a 
sequel of diphtheria preceding diphtheritic paralysis, 
and in which the chief phenomena of locomotor 
ataxia are present, a., family, a., Friedreich's, 
a., hereditary. See Friedreich's disease, a., heredi- 
tary cerebellar (of Marie), a form of ataxia that 
resembles Friedreich's disease in being hereditary, 
occurring in families; the gait, however, is not the 
staggering gait of tabes, but the reeling gait of cere- 
bellar disease; the knee-jerk is increased instead of 
being diminished, and there are no deformities. 
a., locomotor, a disease of the posterior columns of 
the spinal cord, characterized by static and motor 
ataxia, by fulgurant pains, girdle-sensation, Argyll 
Robertson pupil, disturbances of sensation and of 
the sphincters, and loss of the patellar reflex. Syn., 
posterior spinal sclerosis; tabes dorsalis. a., moral, 
the inconstancy of ideas and will, attended with 
convulsions and pain, observed in hysterical subjects. 
a., motor, inability to coordinate the muscles in 
walking, a., paralytic, of the heart, a condition 
marked by dyspnea, weakness of cardiac sounds, 
palpitation, edema, and dropsy, without any organic 



ATAXIAGRAM 



100 



ATHYREA 



heart disease, a., sensory, a form regarded as due 
to disturbance of the nerve-tracts lying between the 
periphery and the centers of coordination; its existence 
is denied by some authorities, a., spinal. See a., 
cerebellar, a., static, the failure of muscular coordi- 
nation in standing still, or in fixed positions of the 
limbs, a., thermal, peculiar large and irregular 
fluctuations of the body-temperature, due to a con- 
dition of incoordination or a disordered or weakened 
thermotaxic mechanism. This may give rise to the 
socalled -paradoxic or hysterical temperatures, rising 
occasionally to 108 or no° F., without grave or 
permanent injury, a., vasomotor. See vasomotor 
ataxia. 

ataxiagram (at-aks' -e-a-gram) [ataxia; yp&nna, a 
marking], i. A line drawn by a patient suffering with 
an ataxial disease. The patient's eyes are open or 
closed and he attempts to make a straight line. 
The character of the deviations from a straight line 
that result are conceived to have a certain diagnostic 
value. 2. The record made by an ataxiagraph. 

ataxiagraph (at-aks'-e-a-graf) [ataxia; ypa<peiv, to 
write]. An instrument for recording the swaying in 
ataxia. 

ataxiamnesia (at-aks-e-am-ne'-ze-ah) [ataxia; am- 
nesia]. Muscular ataxia with loss of or impairment 
of memory. 

ataxiamnesic (at-aks-e-am-ne'-zik). Affected with 
ataxia and amnesia. 

ataxic (at-aks'-ik) [see ataxia], i. Pertaining to or 
affected with ataxia. 2. A person affected with 
ataxia, a. aphasia. See under aphasia, a. fever. 
See typhus. 

ataxoadynamia (at-aks-o-ah-di-nam'-e-ah). Ady- 
namia combined with ataxia. 

ataxodynamy (at-aks-o-din'-am-e) [ataxia; Swapis, 
power]. Abnormity in the movements of a part or 
organ. 

ataxophemia (at-aks-o-fe'-me-ah) [ataxia; <?%u, to 
speak]. Lack of coordination in speech. 

ataxophobia (at-aks-o-fo'-be-ah) [dra|ta, want of 
order; <j>6fios, fear]. 1. Excessive dread of disorder. 
2. Morbid dread of suffering from locomotor ataxia. 

ataxospasmodic (at-aks-o-spas-mod'-ik). Affected 
with choreic ataxia or relating to it. 

ataxy (at-aks'-e). See ataxia. 

-ate. A suffix to nouns in chemistry signifying 
any salt of an oxyacid having the termination -ic; 
as, sulphate, phosphate. 

atelectasis (at-el-ek'-tas-is) [areX-qs, imperfect; 
e/crao-ts, expansion]. Imperfect expansion or collapse 
of the air-vesicles of the lung. It may be present at 
birth, or may be acquired from diseases of the bronchi 
or lungs, a., absorption, acquired atelectasis in 
which the air has been removed by absorption from 
within, resulting from the plugging of the bronchial 
tubes, a., compression, acquired atelectasis due to 
pressure, a., obstructive, that due to obstruction 
of a bronchial tube. See a., absorption. 

atelectatic (at-el-ek-tat'-ik) [see atelectasis]. Relat- 
ing to or characterized by atelectasis. 

ateleiosis {at-el-i-o'-sis) [dreXeiWis, not arriving 
at perfection]. A disease characterized by abrupt 
onset, the absence of any perceptible cause, con- 
spicuous infantilism with retention of unimpaired 
intelligence, and marked tardiness in development of 
the sexual system. Cf. progeria. 

atelencephaly (at-el-en-sef -al-e) [AreXifa, incom- 
plete; eyKe<f>akos, brain]. Imperfect development of 
the brain. 

atelia, ateleiosis (at-e'-le-ah, at-e-li-o' -sis) [dreXeia, 
imperfection]. Persistence of the child's character- 
istics in the adult. Imperfect development. The 
word is compounded with others to designate the 
part affected, as atelocardia, etc., imperfect develop- 
ment of the heart, etc. a., asexual, that type in 
which the sexual organs are implicated, a., sexual, 
that type in which the sexual organs develop 
normally. 

atelic (al'-el-ik) [areXris, incomplete]. Functionless. 

atelo- (at-el-o-). A prefix signifying imperfect 
development. 

atelocardia (at-el-o-kar'-de-ah) [atelo-; napdia, 
heart]. An imperfect or undeveloped state of the 
heart. 

atelocephalous (at-el-o-sef-al-us) [atelo-; K«0aXi7, 
head]. Having the skull or head more or less incom- 
plete. 

atelocheilia (at-el-o-ki' -le-ah) [atelo-; x«iXos, lip]. 
Defective development of a lip. 



atelocheiria {at-el-o-ki' '-re-ah) [atelo-; x^P, hand]. 
Defective development of the hand. 

ateloencephalia (at-el-o-en-sef-a'-le-ah) [atelo-; ly- 
K€<f>aKos, brain]. Incomplete development of the 
brain. 

ateloglossia (at-el-o-glos'-e-ah) [atelo-; yXuxraa, 
tongue]. Congenital defect in the tongue. 

atelognathia (at-el-og-na'-lhe-ah) [atelo-; yvaBos, 
jaw]. Imperfect development of a jaw, especially 
of the lower jaw. 

atelomyelia (at-el-o-mi-e' -le-ah) [atelo-; p.ve\6s, 
marrow]. Congenital defect of the spinal cord. 

atelopodia (at-el-o-po'-de-ah) [atelo-; irovs, foot]. 
Defective development of the foot. 

ateloprosopia (at-el-o-pro-so'-pe-ah) [atelo-; irpb- 
acoirov, face]. Incomplete facial development. 

atelorrhachidia (at-el-o-rak-id'-e-ah) [atelo-; pax<-s, 
spine]. Imperfect development of the spinal column, 
as in spina bifida. 

atelostomia (al-el-o-sto'-me-ah) [atelo-; o-ro/xa, 
mouth]. Incomplete development of the mouth. 

athelasmus (ah-thel-az'-mus) [&, priv.; 077X00716$, a 
suckling]. Inability to suckle, from defect or want 
of the nipples. 

athelia (ah-the' -le-ah) [a, priv.; #17X57, a nipple]. 
Absence of a nipple. 

athermal (ah-thur'-mal) [&, priv.; dkpfiri, heat]. 
Cool; applied to spring-water of a temperature 
below 15° C. 

athermancy (ah-thur' -man-se) [iuBeptiavros, not 
heated]. The state of being impervious to radiant 
heat. 

athermanous (ah-ther' -man-us). Impervious to 
radiant heat. 

athermic, athermous {ah-ther '-mik, -mus). 1. 
Without fever. 2. See athermanous. 

athermosystaltic (ah-ther -mo-sist-al'-tik) [&, priv.; 
Oepprj, heat; o-uo-TaXn/cos, drawing together]. Applied 
to muscles which do not contract under the influence 
of heat. 

atheroma (ath-er-o'-mah) [&dripv, gruel; o/ia, tumor^. 

1. A sebaceous cyst containing a cheesy material. 
Syn., acne sebacea molluscum; sebaceous cyst; steatoma. 

2. The fatty degeneration of the walls of the arteries 
in arteriosclerosis ; by common usage the word is 
also applied to the whole process of arteriosclerosis. 
Arterial atheroma is also termed atherosis. a., 
capillary, the formation of fatty granules in the walls 
of the capillaries. 

atheromasia (ath-er-o-ma'-ze-ah) [see atheroma]. 
Atheromatous degeneration; the condition of ather- 
oma. 

atheromatosis. A more or less generalized athero- 
matous condition of the arteries. 

atheromatous (aih-er-o'-mal-us) [see atheroma]. 
Characterized by or affected with atheroma, a. 
abscess. See abscess, atheromatous, a. ulcer, an 
ulcer formed by the abscess breaking through the 
intima. 

atherosclerosis (ath-er-o-skle-ro'-sis) [atheroma; 
sclerosis]. A form of arteriosclerosis in which there 
is hyperplasia of the outer layers of the involved 
arteries and degeneration of the elastic layer. 

atherosis (ath-er-o'-sis) [i£vpt], gruel]. A synonym 
of atheroma (2). 

athetoid (ath'-et-oid) [athetosis]. Pertaining to or 
affected with athetosis, a. spasm, a spasm in which 
the affected member performs athetoid movements. 

athetosis (ath-et-o'-sis) [aderos, unfixed; change- 
able]. A condition most frequently occurring in 
children, and characterized by continual slow change 
of position of the fingers and toes. It is usually due 
to a lesion of the brain. It is also called "posthemi- 
plegic chorea," from its occurrence after hemiplegia. 
a., double congenital. See paraplegia, infantile 
spasmodic. 

athlete's heart [ad'Kelv, to contend with]. A slight 
incompetency of the aortic valves, a condition some- 
times found in athletes. 

athrepsia (ah-threps'-e-ah) [&, priv.; rpkfeiv, to 
nourish]. Malnutrition. 

athreptic (ah-threp'-tik). Relating to or affected 
with athrepsia. 

athymia (ah-tnV -me-ah) [&, priv.; 6vp.6s, spirit]. 
1. Despondency. 2. Loss of consciousness. 3- In- 
sanity. 4. Absence of the thymus gland. 

athymic (ah-thi'-mik) [&, priv.; dvnos, mind]. 
Affected with athymia. 

athyrea, athyria (ah-thi' -re-ah) [&, priv.; thyroid]. 
The condition arising from absence of the thyroid 



ATHYREOSIS 



101 



ATOXIC 



gland or suppression of its function. Syn., myxedema. 
Cf. (hyreoprivus. 

athyreosis (ah-thi-re-o'-sis). Atrophy or absence 
of the thyroid gland and the pathological condition 
consequent upon elimination of its function. 

athyria. Same as athyrea. 

athyroidea (ah-thi-roid'-e-ah). Absence of the 
thyroid gland. 

athyroidation. Same as athyrea, q. v. 

athyroidea. Same as athyrea, q. v. 

athyroidemia (ah-ihi-roid-e' -me-ah) . Davel's name 
for myxedema. 

athyroidism (ah-thi'-roy-dizm). Same as athyreosis 
or athyrea. 

athyrosis (ah-thi-ro'-sis). See athyreosis. 

atlantad (at-lan'-tad) [See atlas]. Toward the 
atlas in situation or direction. 

atlantal (at-lan'-lal) [See atlas]. Relating to the 
atlas. 

atlanten {at-lan' -ten) [See atlas]. Belonging to the 
atlas in itself. 

atlanto- {at-lan' -to) [See atlas]. A prefix signify- 
ing relation to the atlas; seen in the words atlanto- 
axial (relating to the atlas and the axis), atlanto- 
occipital, atlanto-odontoid, etc. 

atlantoaxial (at-lant-o-aks'-e-al) . See atloaxoid. 

atlas (at'-las) [''ArXas, a mythological Greek hero 
who was supposed to carry the earth on his 
shoulders]. The first of the cervical vertebrae. It 
articulates with the occipital bone of the skull and 
with the axis. 

atloaxoid {at-lo-aks'-oid). Relating to the bones 
termed the atlas and the axis. 

atlodidymus (at-lo-did'-im-us). Same as atlo- 
dymus. 

atlodymus (at-lod'-im-us) [See atlas; 5L8vp.os, 
double]. A monstrosity with two heads on one 
neck and a single body. 

atloido- (al-loi'-do). In composition, the same as 
atlanto; seen in such examples as atloido-axoid, 
atloido-odontoid, etc. 

atmiatria, atmiatrics. See atmiatry. 

atmiatry (at-mi'-at-re) [ar/us, vapor; larpeia, 
medical treatment]. Treatment of diseases of the 
lungs or mucous membranes by inhalation, fumiga- 
tion, or by directing a current of vapor or gas upon 
the part. 

atmic (al'-mik) [dr/us, vapor]. Relating to, due 
to, or consisting of vapor. 

atmidalbumin {at-mid-aV -bu-min) . A substance 
standing between the albuminates and the albumoses, 
obtained by Neumeister at the same time with 
atmidalbumose. 

atmidalbumose (at-mid-al'-bu-mos). Neumeister's 
name for a body obtained by the action of super- 
heated steam on fibrin. 

atmidiatrics (at-mid-re-at'-riks). Treatment of 
disease by vapor. 

atmidometer (at-mid-om'-et-er). See atmometer. 

atmidometrograph (at-mid-o-met'-ro-graf) [arp-os, 
vapor; ukrpov, a measure; ypa<j>eiv, to write]. A 
self-registering atmidometer. 

atmidoscope (at-mid'-o-skop) [arp-os, vapor; anowelv, 
to view]. See atmometer. 

atmiometer (at-mi-om'-et-er). A closed cabinet 
with apparatus for treating diseases by means of 
atmiatry. 

atmismometer (at-mis-mom'-et-ur). See atmo- 
meter. 

atmisterion {at-mis-le'-re-on). See vaporarium. 

atmo- (at-mo-) [arp.6s, vapor; breath]. A prefix 
meaning vapor or breath. 

atmocausia, atmocausis (at-mo-kaw'-se-ah, -sis) 
[atmo-; navois, a burning]. Therapeutic cauterization 
with steam by means of an atmocautery. 

atmocautery (at-mo-kaw'-ter-e). An apparatus 
used in practising atmocausis. 

atmograph (at'-mo-graf) [atmo-; ypa<peu>, to record]. 
A form of self-registering respirometer. 

atmography (at-mog'-raf e) [irpos, vapor; ypafaiv, 
to write]. A description of vapors and evaporation. 

atmokausis (at-mo-kaw'-sis). See atmocausis. 

atmology (at-mol'-oj-e) [arpos, vapor; X670S, 
science]. The science of vapors and evaporation. 

atmolysis (at-mol'-is-is) [atmo-; Xuo-ts, loosing]. 
A method of separating the ingredients of mixed 
gases or vapors by means of their different diffusi- 
bility through a porous substance. 

atmolyzer (ai-mol-i'-zur). An apparatus for 
separating gases by diffusion. 



atmometer, atmidometer (at-mom'-et-er, at-mid- 
om'-et-er) [atmo-; pkrpov, a measure]. An instru- 
ment for measuring the amount of water exhaled by 
evaporation from a given surface in a given time, 
in order to determine the humidity of the atmosphere. 

atmos (at'-mos) [abbreviation of atmosphere]. A 
proposed unit of air pressure, being the pressure of 
one dyne on one square centimeter. 

atmosphere (at'-mos-fer) [atmo-; a<f>alpa, a sphere]. 

1. The mixture of gases surrounding the earth to 
the height of about 200 miles. 2. The pressure 
exerted by the atmosphere at the level of the sea; 
it is about 15 pounds to the square inch, or 1 kilogram 
to the square centimeter. 3. In chemistry, any 
special gaseous medium encircling a body. 4. The 
climatic state of a locality. 

atmospheric (at-mos-fer'-ik) [see atmosphere] 
Pertaining to the atmosphere, a. moisture, the 
vapor of water mingled with the atmosphere. It 
varies in quantity according to the temperature. 
a. tension, the pressure of the air per square inch on 
the surface of a body. Normally, at the sea-level, 
it is about 15 pounds per square inch, or equal to 
that of a column of mercury about 30 inches in 
height. It decreases about tV inch or ^ pound per 
square inch for every 90 feet of altitude. Above 
10,000 feet the rarity of the atmosphere is usually 
noticeable in quickened breathing and pulse-rate. 

atmospherization (at-mos-fer-iz-a' -shun) . The con- 
version of venous into arterial blood by the absorption 
of oxygen. Cf. dearterialization. 

atmotherapy (at-mo-ther'-ap-e) [atmo-; depa-n-da, 
therapy]. 1. A name given by Pitres to the treatment 
of certain tics by methodic reduction of respiration. 

2. The treatment of disease by vapor. 

atocia (at-o'-se-ah) [cltokos, barren]. Sterility of 
the female. 

atom (at'-om) [a, priv. ; repveiv, to cut]. The ulti- 
mate unit of an element; that part of an element 
incapable of further division, or the smallest part 
capable of entering into the formation of a chemical 
compound, or uniting with another to form a mole- 
cule — which last is the smallest quantity of a sub- 
stance that can exist free or uncombined. 

atomic (at-om'-ik) [see atom]. Pertaining to atoms. 
a. heat, the specific heat of an atom of an element 
multiplied by its atomic weight, a. theory, the 
theory of Dalton that all matter is composed of 
atoms, the weight of each atom differing for the 
different elements, a. valence, the saturating power 
of the atom of an element as compared with an 
atom of hydrogen. Syn., equivalence, a. volume, 
the atomic weight of an element divided by the 
density, a. weight, the weight of an atom of an 
element as compared with the weight of an atom of 
hydrogen. 

atomicity (at-om-is'-it-e) [see atom]. 1. Chemical 
valence; quantivalence. 2. The number of OH. 
groups is an alcohol or a base. 

atomism (at'-om-izm) [&, priv.; rkpvuv, to cut]- 
1. The science of atoms. 2. The theory that the 
universe is composed of atoms. 

atomist (at'-om-ist). One who believes in atomism- 
atomistic (at-om-is'-lik). 1. Relating to or con- 
sisting of an atom. 2. Relating to atomism. 

atomization (at-om-iz-a' -shun) [see atom]. The* 
mechanical process of breaking up a liquid into fine 
spray. 

atomizer (at'-om-i-zer) [see atom]. An instrument 
for transforming a liquid into a spray. 

atomology {at-om-ol'-o-je) [atom; \6yos, science]. 
The science of atoms; atomism. 

atonia (al-o'-ne-ah) [arovla, want of tone]. Atony. 

atonic (at-on'-ik) [atony]. Relating to or charac- 
terized by atony. 

atonicity (at-on-is'-it-e). Lack of tone, atony. 

atony (at'-o-ne) [a, priv.; rbvos, tone]. Want of 
tone. Debility. Loss of diminution of muscular or 
vital energy. 

atophan (at'-o-fan). Phenylcinchoninic acid, or 
phenylchinolin carbonic acid. It is said to increase 
the elimination of uric acid in cases of gout and 
rheumatism. 

atopomenorrhea (at-o-po-men-or-e'-ah) [aroiros, 
out of plate; pfjp, month; peetv, to flow]. Vicarious 
menstruation. 

atopic (ah-top'-ik) [&, priv.; tottos, place]. Out of 
place. 

atoxic (ah-toks'-ik) [&, priv.; to&kov, poison]. 
Not venomous; not poisonous. 



ATOXOGEN 



102 



ATROPHY 



atoxogen (ah-toks'-o-jen) [d, priv.; to^ikov, poison; 
y&>vav, to produce]. A defensive substance re- 
sembling the enzymes and chemically allied to 
toxins and antitoxins prepared from the adrenals 
and spleen of the horse. 

atoxyl (at-oks'-il), CsH4 . NH 2 . AsO(OH) 2 , a com- 
pound of arsenic acid and aniline, used in skin- 
diseases and in sleeping-sickness. 

atrabiliary (at-rah-bil'-e-a-re) [atra, black; bilis, 
bile]. Pertaining to black bile, gloomy, melancholic. 
a. capsules, an old name for the suprarenal capsules. 

atrabilin {at-rah-bil'-in). A preparation of supra- 
renal capsule; it has a hemostatic and vasoconstrictor 
action. 

atrachelia (ah-lrak-e'-le-ah) [d, priv.; Tpdx*?Xos, the 
neck]. Absence or exceeding shortness of the neck. 

atrachelocephalus (ah-lrak-el-o-sef'-al-us) [drpd- 
X^Xos, without a neck; /ce0aXi7, the head], i. Affected 
with atrachelia. 2. A monster with no neck or an 
abnormally short one. 

atrachelous (ah-trak'-el-us). Having no neck or 
only a very short one; also, beheaded. 

atractenchyma (ah-lrakt-en'-ki-mah) [arpaKros, a 
spindle; eyxzlv, to pour in]. A tissue consisting of 
spindle-cells. 

atractoid (ah-trakt'-oid). Spindle-shaped. 

atramental (at-ram-en'-lal) [atramenlum, ink]. 
Of an inky-black color. 

atremia (ah-tre'-me-ah) [a, priv.; rpkp.cw, to 
tremble]. 1. An absence of tremor. 2. Hysterical 
inability to walk, stand, or sit without general 
discomfort and paresthesia of the head and back, 
all movements being readily executed in the recum- 
bent posture. Syn., Neftel's disease. 

atrepsy (ah'-trep-se) [d, priv.; rpkQeiv, to nourish]. 
Ehrlich's term for immunity to tumor cells produced 
by the absence of the particular nourishment needed 
for the growth of tumors. 

atresia (ah-lre'-^e-ah) L d, priv.; rprjais, perforation]. 
Imperforation or closure of a normal opening or 
canal, as of the anus, vagina, meatus auditorius, 
pupil, etc. 

atresic (ah-tre'-zik) [see atresia]. Characterized by 
atresia. 

atretic (ah-tret'-ik). Same as atresic. 

atreto- (ah-tre-to-) [drpijros, imperforate]. A prefix 
meaning imperforate. 

atretoblepharia {at-ret-o-blef-a'-re-ah) [atreto-; /SXe<£- 
apov, eye-lid]. Symblepharon, q. v. 

atretocephalus (ah-tret o-sef-al-us) [atreto-; nefakii, 
the head]. A monster with imperforate nostrils or 
mouth. 

atretocormus (ah-tret-o-Icorm'-us) [atreto-; Kopufc, 
the trunk]. A monster having one or more imper- 
forate openings on the trunk. 

atretocystia (at-ret-o-sis'-te-ah) [atreto-; averts, 
bladder]. Atresia of the bladder. 

atretogastria (ah-lret-o-gas'-tre-ah) [atreto-; yaa-rrip, 
stomach]. Imperforation of the cardiac or pyloric 
orifice of the. stomach. 

atretolemia (ah-lret-o-le'-me-ah) [atreto-; Xat/xos, the 
gullet]. Imperforation of the esophagus or pharynx. 

atretometria (at-ret-o-me' -ire-ah) [atreto-; mrpa, 
womb]. Atresia of the uterus. 

atietopsia (al-ret-op'-se-ah) [drp^T-os, imperforate; 
&\p, eye]. Imperforation of the pupil. 

atretorrhinia (ah-tret-or-rin'-e-ah) [atreto-; pis, the 
nose]. Nasal atresia. 

atretostomia (ah-tret-o-sto'-me-ah) [atreto-; aropa, 
the mouth]. Imperforation of the mouth. 

atreturethria (ah-lret-u-re' '-thre-ah) [atreto-; ovprjdpa, 
the urethra]. Imperforation of the urethra. 

atria. Plural of atrium, a. mortis, the halls of 
death (t. c, the heart, lungs, and brain). 

atrial (a'-ire-al) [atrium, the fore-court, or hall]. 
Relating to an atrium. 

a.tricha.(ah'-trik-ah) [d, priv.; 6pU-, hair]. A group 
of bacteria having no flagella. 

atrichia, atrichlasis (ah-trik'-e-ah, ah-trik-i'-as-is) 
[d, priv.; 0pi£, hair]. Absence of the hair. 

atrichosis {ah-trik-o'-sis) [see atrichia]. A con- 
dition characterized by absence of hair. 

atrioventricular (a-tre-o-ven-trik'-u-lar) [atrium, 
hall; ventriculus, ventricle]. Relating both to the 
atrium (or auricle) and to the ventricle of the heart. 
atriplicism (at-rip'-lis-izm) [Atriplex, a genus of 
plants]. A form of poisoning from eating uncooked 
spinach, Atriplex littoralis. It is characterized by 
painful infiltration of the backs of the hands and 
forearms and a sensitiveness to light. 



atrium (a'-lre-um) [L., "the forecourt or hall"]. 
1. The auricle of the heart. 2. The part of the 
tympanic cavity of the ear below the head of the 
malleus, a. anterius, the right auricle of the heart. 
a. cordis, the auricle of the heart, a. cordis dextrum, 
the right auricle of the heart, a. cordis posterius, 
the left auricle of the heart, a., infection-, the point 
of entrance of the bacteria in an infectious disease. 
a. vaginae, the vestibule of the vulva. 

atrolactyl (at-ro-lak'-til), C9H9O2. The radical of 
atrolactic acid, a.-tropein. See aconitine, British. 

Atropa {at'-ro-pah) ["Arpoiros, "she who turns 
not"; undeviating; one of the three Fates who cut 
the thread of life — in allusion to the poisonous effects 
of the plant]. A genus of the natural order Solan- 
acea. A. belladonna is the deadly nightshade, from 
which atropine is obtained. See belladonna. 

atrophia (at-ro'-fe-ah). See atrophy. 

atrophic (at-ro'-fik) [atrophy]. Pertaining to or 
affected with atrophy. 

atrophied (at'*ro-fid) [d, priv.; Tpo<j>rj, nourishment]. 
Wasted; affected with atrophy. 

atrophoderma (al-ro-fo-der'-mah). See atrophy of 
the skin. sl. pigmentosum. See xeroderma pig- 
mentosum. 

atrophodermatosis {at-ro-fo-der-mat-o'-sis) [atrophy; 
Skpua, the skin]. A class of skin diseases, including 
atrophoderma, ulodermitis, and scleroderma, char- 
acterized by atrophy of the cutis. 

atrophodermia. Atrophoderma. 

atropholysis (at-ro-fol'-is-is) [atrophy; \v<ris, a 
loosing]. A flabby, weak, or ulcerated condition due 
to insufficient nutrition. 

atrophy, atrophia (at'-ro-fe, at-ro'-fe-ah) [brpocpla, 
atrophy]. 1. Diminution in the size of a tissue, organ, 
or part, the result of degeneration of the cells or a 
decrease in the size of the cells. 2. To become 
atrophied, a., accidental, that of a part from com- 
pression or cutting off its blood-supply, a., acute 
yellow. See icterus gravis, a., angibromic, decrease 
in the size of the lumen of the alimentary canal. 
a., brown, a form of atrophy in which the normal 
pigment of the organ is retained, and in which there 
is also frequently the addition of new pigment. It 
occurs most frequently in the heart, muscles, and 
liver, and is caused by chronic congestion. Syn., 
pigmented atrophy, atrophia cachochymica, that due 
to indigestible food, a., cardiac, atrophy of the 
heart following senile changes, or occurring in ca- 
chectic conditions, or as a result of pressure exerted 
by mediastinal tumors, etc. Syn., atrophia cordis. 
a., chronic spinal muscular. See a., progressive 
muscular, a. compression, atrophy of a part from 
constant compression, a., concentric, that proceed- 
ing from without inward and tending to lessen the 
capacity of a hollow organ, a., correlated, an atrophy 
of certain portions of the body following the removal 
or destruction of other portions. Thus, amputation 
of an arm will be followed by an atrophy of the 
scapula; of a leg, by atrophy of the corresponding os 
innominatum. a., cyanotic (of the liver), atrophy 
of the parenchyma of the hepatic lobules due to 
stasis in the venous circulation, causing dilatation and 
congestion of the central veins and adjacent capil- 
laries, a., degenerative, that due to degeneration of 
the cells, a., eccentric, that proceeding from within 
toward the periphery, a., granular, a form observed 
in the liver and kidneys, causing diminution in size 
and attended with excess in formation of connective 
tissue, with copious supply of granular matter. 
a., granuloproteic, that due to replacement of proper 
cell-structure with fine granular masses, a., gray, 
a degenerative change in the optic disc in which the 
latter assumes a grayish color, a., halisteretic, 
atrophy of bone manifested only by gradual thinning 
of the lamellae of the spongy tissue, a., idiopathic 
muscular, muscular wasting, beginning in various 
groups of muscles, usually progressive in character, 
and dependent on primary changes in the muscles 
themselves. There is a strong hereditary predispo- 
sition to the disease, a., inanition, emaciation from 
diarrhea, a., individual, Charcot's name for atrophy of 
individual muscles in different parts, the proximate 
muscles not being affected, a., infantile, tabes mesen- 
terica (q. v.). Syn., atrophia infantum; atrophia mesen- 
terica. a., muscular, atrophy affecting muscles; it may 
be hereditary or acquired, idiopathic, myelopathic, 
myopathic, neuropathic, primary, secondary, simple, 
or progressive, a. of the nails, onychatrophia. 
Syn., atrophia unguis, a., necrobiotic, a., numerical, 



ATROPIA 



103 



ATTENUATION 



atrophy of a part with destruction of some of its 
elements, atrophia nervea, atrophy of the nerves. 
atrophia nervosa, gradual emaciation, with loss of 
appetite, due to unwholesome and depressing en- 
vironment, a., pigmentary, a., pigmented, a form 
of atrophy so called from a deposit of pigment 
(yellow or yellowish-brown), in the atrophied cells. 
atrophia pilorum propria, atrophy of the hair, either 
symptomatic or idiopathic in origin, a., progressive 
facial, a condition characterized by progressive 
wasting of the skin of the face. Syn., atrophia nova 
facialis, a., progressive muscular, a chronic disease 
characterized by progressive wasting of individual 
muscles or physiological groups of muscles, and by an 
associated and proportional amount of paralysis. 
It is due to a degeneration and atrophy of the multi- 
polar cells in the anterior gray horns of the cord, with 
consecutive degeneration of the anterior nerve-roots 
and muscles. The right hand is usually the part 
first attacked, and takes on a peculiar claw-like form 
(main-en-griff e) . The disease is most frequent in 
males of adult life, and follows excessive muscular 
exertion. Syn., chronic anterior poliomyelitis; wasting 
palsy, a., progressive nervous, Jaccoud's name for 
atrophy of the spinal nerve-roots due to pressure 
from a deposit of fibrous substance on the spinal 
arachnoid, a., progressive unilateral facial, a disease 
characterized by progressive wasting of the skin, 
connective tissue, fat, bone, and more rarely the 
muscles of one side of the face. It is most common 
in females; its course is slow and generally pro- 
gressive, a., qualitative, degeneration, a., quanti- 
tative. See a., simple, a., red, a form of atrophy 
due to chronic congestion, as seen in the liver in 
mitral and tricuspid valvular lesions, a., sclerotic, 
a name for connective tissue found at times deposited 
in the heart-substance after myocarditis, a., senile, 
the physiological atrophy of advanced life. It affects 
the lungs, the sexual and other organs, a., senile, 
of the skin, an atrophy of the skin usually associated 
with general signs of senile degeneration. Syn., 
atrophia cutis senilis; senile atrophoderma, a., serous, 
atrophy associated with an infiltration of fluid into 
the atrophic tissues, a., simple, that due to a 
decrease in the size of individual cells, a., simple 
brown, a condition of the heart in which the muscle- 
fibers retain their striated appearance, but the muscle- 
cells are small and contain yellow granules of pig- 
ment, a. of the skin, atrophy characterized by 
diminution or disappearance of certain of the ele- 
ments of the skin: especially seen in advanced age. 
The skin becomes thin, loose, wrinkled, and dis- 
colored. Syn., atrophia cutis; atrophoderma, a., 
sympathetic, atrophy of the second member of a pair 
of organs, following that of the first, a., tropho- 
neurotic, that dependent upon abnormality of the 
nervous supply of an organ or tissue, best illustrated 
in muscular atrophy from disease of the anterior 
horns of the spinal cord, atrophia verminosa, 
emaciation due to intestinal worms, a., white, nerve 
atrophy, leaving only white connective tissue. 

atropia (at-ro'-pe-ah). See atropine. 

atropic (at-rop'-ik). Relating to the genus Atropa 
or to atropine. 

atropine, atrophia (at'-ro-pen, at-ro-pi'-nah) 
["At powos, one of the Fates who cut the thread of 
life], C17H23NO3. The atropina of the U. S. P. is a 
crystalline alkaloid derived from Atropa belladonna. 
It is a mydriatic, antispasmodic, and anodyne; in 
small doses a cardiac, respiratory, and spinal stimu- 
lant; in large doses a paralyzant of the cardiac and 
respiratory centers, the spinal cord, motor nerves, 
and involuntary and voluntary muscles. It lessens 
all the secretions except the urine. In full doses 
it produces dryness of the throat, flushing of the 
face, dilatation of the pupils, a rise of temperature, 
and sometimes an erythematous rash. It is ex- 
tensively used in ophthalmic practice to dilate the 
pupil, to paralyze accommodation, and also in various 
corneal, iritic, and other ocular diseases. Its thera- 
peutic use in general medicine is also manifold; e. g., 
in inflammatory affections and the pain of cerebral 
and spinal hyperemia, atonic constipation, cardiac 
failure, hypersecretions, especially of the sweat, to 
relieve local spasms, as in intestinal and biliary 
colic, in asthma, whooping-cough, etc., and as a 
physiological antagonist in opium-poisoning. a. 
borate, (C17H23N 03)26407, is used in ophthalmic 
practice, a. hydrobromide, CnHtaNOsHBr, white 
crystals, soluble in water and in alcohol. It is used 



as is atropine, a. hydrochloride, Q7H23NO3HCI , 
white crystals, soluble in water and alcohol, slightly 
in ether. Used in the same manner as atropine. 
Dose ifas— -£$ gr. (0.0006-0.001 Gm.). a., lamellae of 
(lamella atropines, B. P.), each contains STJ Vff gr. 
(0.000013 Gm.) atropine, a. oleate {pleatum atro- 
pina, U. S. P.), a 2 % solution of atropine in oleic 
acid; it is a mydriatic, sedative, and anodyne, and is 
used as an inunction in cases in which remedies 
cannot be administered by the mouth, a. salicylate, 
Q7H23NO3C7H6O2, a colloidal mass, used as is atro- 
pine, a. santonate, a compound of atropine and 
santonic acid, recommended as a mydriatic, a. 
santoninate, C17H23O3C15H20O4, is used in ophthalmic 
practice, a. stearate, C17H23NO3C17H35CO . OH, fine 
white needles, greasy to the touch, melting at 120 C., 
beginning to decompose at 170 C., and containing 
50.43 % of atropine. It is soluble in ether and in 
alcohol. Applied in 1 : 500 oily solution as a sub- 
stitute for oil of belladonna or oil of hyoscyamus. 
a. sulphate (atropina sulphas, U. S. P.), the most 
frequently used preparation of atropine, is a white 
powder, of bitter taste and neutral reaction, and is 
soluble in water. Dose T ^r — 5 x o gr. (0.00036-0.008 
Gm.). a. sulphate, solution of (liquor atropines 
sulphatis, B. P.). Dose 1-6 min. (0.065-0.4 Cc). 
a. tartrate, (Ci7ll23N03)2C4H606, is used as is atropine. 

atropinism (at'-ro-pin-izm). See atropism. 

atropinization (at-ro-pin-i-za'-shune). The produc- 
tion of the physiological effect of belladonna. 

atropinize (af -ro-pin-iz) [atropine]. To bring under 
the influence of, or to treat with, atropine. 

atropism (at'-ro-pizm). Poisoning with, or the 
morbid condition induced by, atropine. 

atroscine (at'-ros-en), C17H21NO4. An alkaloid 
isomeric with hyoscine, obtained from Scopolia 
carniolica. It has a higher rotatory power than 
hyoscine, and is from 2 to 4 times stronger in mydri- 
atic action. Syn., atrosia. 

attaint (at-aint') [attingere, to touch by striking]. 
An injury to a horse's leg caused by overreaching. 

attar (at'-ar) [Ar., 'itr, perfume]. A general name 
for any of the volatile oils. a. of rose, oil of rose. 
The volatile oil distilled from the fresh flowers of the 
Damascene rose. It comes mainly from eastern 
Rumelia, and is generally adulterated with other 
volatile oils. It is used as a perfume. 

attendant (at-en'-dant) [aliendere, to wait upon]. 
A nonprofessional attache of an asylum or hospital. 

attention (at-ten'-shun). The direction of the will 
or thought upon an object or to a particular sensation. 
a., central, the "imagination" or mental remaking 
of the image by the mind when the peripheral visual 
attention is abrogated, a., compound synchronous, 
in this the consciousness recognizes and correlates 
or combines multiple streams of synchronous and 
diverse stimuli, visual, auditory, etc. a., multiple 
synchronous auditory, two or more synchronous 
tones or sounds or lines of such tones or sounds are 
recognized by consciousness, a., multiple synchro- 
nous central visual, the imagining or mental repro- 
duction of multiple synchronous visual trains with- 
out the objectively formed images, a., multiple 
synchronous visual, that when the attention recog- 
nizes two or more discrete sets of retinal images at 
the same time, a., single-stream auditory, that 
when a monotone, a sound, or series of single notes 
or sounds, is listened to, exclusive of others, a., 
single-stream central, that when the central visual 
attention, without objectively forming images, 
follows the passing of imagined single or unitary 
images in single file, a., single-stream central audi- 
tory, that without the objective audition, a., single- 
stream visual, that form of visual attention existing 
when the eyes follow a linear concatenation of single 
or unitary macular images to the exclusion of all 
others, a., visual, that existing when the eyes, 
consciously, observe a fixed or moving object. 

attenuant (at-en'-u-ant) [attenuare, to make thin]. 
1. A medicine or agent increasing the fluidity or 
thinness of the blood or other secretion. 2. A dilu- 
ent. 3. Lessening the effect of an agent. 

# attenuated (at-en'-u-a-ted). Wasted; thinned, a. 
virus, a weakened virus. 

attenuating (at-en' -u-a-ting) [see attenuant]. Mak- 
ing thin. 

attenuation (ai-en-u-a'-shun) [see attenuant]. The 
act of making thin; a thinning, narrowing, or reduc- 
tion of the strength or size of a substance, especially 
the weakening of the pathogenic virulence of micro- 



ATTIC 



104 



AURA 



organisms by successive cultivation, by exposure to 
light, air, heat, or other agency, or by passing through 
certain animals, so that they may be used as a 
vaccine to confer immunity from future attacks of 
the disease, a., Sanderson's method of, the passing 
of virus through the system of another animal (e. g., 
the guinea-pig, in anthrax) so that it becomes modi- 
fied in virulency. 

attic (at'-ik). Part of the tympanic cavity situ- 
ated above the atrium, a. disease, chronic suppu- 
rative inflammation of the attic, of the tympanum. 

atticoantrotomy (ai-ik-o-an-lroi'-o-me) [attic; an- 
trum; Tkuveiv, to cut]. The opening of the attic and 
mastoid process. 

atticomastoid (at-ik-o-mas'-ioid). Relating to the 
attic and the mastoid. 

atticotomy (at-ik-ot'-om-e) [aitic; re/iveiv, to cut]. 
Surgical incision of the attic. 

attitude (at'-e-tud). See posture, a., crucifixion, 
in hysteroepilepsy, a rigid state of the body, the arms 
stretched out. at right angles, a. of fetus, the rela- 
tion of its parts to one another, a., frozen, a peculiar 
stiffness of the gait characteristic of disease of the 
spinal cord, especially of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. 
a., passionate, the assumption of a dramatic or 
theatrical expression, a position assumed by some 
hysterical patients. 

attollens (at-ol'-enz) [altollere, to rise up]. Raising. 
a. aurem, a muscle raising the external ear. 

attraction {at-rak'-shun) [atlrakere, to draw to]. 
The tendency of one particle of matter to approach 
another; affinity. As existing between masses, it is 
termed gravitation, while molecular attraction or 
cohesion expresses the force aggregating molecules. 
a., capillary, the force that causes liquids to rise in 
fine tubes or between two closely approximated sur- 
faces, or on the sides of the containing vessel, a., 
chemical, the attraction of affinity, relates to the 
attraction of atoms of one element to those of others, 
resulting in chemical compounds, a., electric, the 
tendency of bodies toward each other when charged 
with opposite electricities, a., magnetic, the influence 
of a magnet upon certain metallic substances, chiefly 
iron. a. sphere, the central mass of the aster in 
karyokinesis. 

attrahens (at'-ra-henz) [L., "drawing"]. Drawing 
forward, as attrahens aurem, a muscle drawing the 
ear forward and upward. 

attrahent (al'-ra-hent) [attrahens, drawing]. i. 
Drawing to; adducent. 2. A drawing application; 
an epispastic or rubefacient. 

attrition {al-rish'-un) [alter ere, to rub against]. 
1. An abrasion or chafing of the skin. 2. Any 
rubbing or friction that breaks or wears the surface. 

at. wt. Abbreviation of atomic weight. 

atypical, (ah-tip'-ik-al) [a, priv.; tvttos, a type] 
Irregular; not conformable to the type. a. fever, an 
intermittent fever with irregularity of the paroxysm. 

A. u. Abbreviation of Angstrom's unit. 

Au. Chemical symbol of the element gold. See 
aurum. 

auante {aw-an'-te) [avalvuv, to dry]. A wasting 
or atrophy. 

auantic (aw-an'-tik) [avavriKos, wasted]. Charac- 
terized by wasting; atrophic. 

Aubert's phenomenon (o-bair'). An optical 
illusion by which, when the head is inclined to one 
side, a vertical line is made to appear oblique toward 
the opposite side. 

auchen (aw'-ken) [avxhv, the neck]. The neck or 
throat, or the constricted part of any organ. 

aucheniatria (aw-ken-e-al'-re-ah) [ai>xw, the throat; 
i&Tpela, a healing]. The therapy of throat diseases. 

audiclave (aw'-dik-lav). An instrument for aiding 
hearing. 

audiometer (aw-de-om'-et-er) [audire, to hear; 
nerpov, a measure]. An instrument for measuring 
the acuteness of hearing. 

audiometry (aw-de-om'-et-re) [audire, to hear; 
\s.krpov, a measure]. The measurement, or testing, 
of the sense of hearing. 

audiphone (aw'-dif-on) [audire, to hear; <t>uvi), a 
sound]. An instrument for improving the power of 
hearing by conveying sounds through the bones of 
the head to the labyrinth. 

audition (aw-dish'-un) [audire, to hear]. The act 
of hearing. Syn., acoesis; acousia; acusis. a. coloree, 
color-hearing, a peculiar association between the 
auditory and optic nerves, by which a certain sound 
or musical note will give rise to a subjective sensation 



of color, the same note in the same person being 
always associated with the same color. Syn., 
chromatic audition, a. contre, the perception by one 
ear of the vibrations of a tuning-fork placed on the 
mastoid process on the other side. 

auditory {aw' -dit-o-re) [see audition]. Pertaining 
to the act or the organs of hearing, a. after-sensa- 
tions, the sensations of sounds continuing or occurring 
after the cessation of the stimulus, a. amnesia. 
See mind-deafness, a. area, the cerebral center for 
hearing, probably located in the temporosphenoidal 
lobe. a. aura, an auditory sensation preceding an 
attack of epilepsy, a. capsule, the primitive auditory 
organ, formed by the invagination of the nervous 
stratum of the epiblast. a. center. Same as a. area. 
a. dysesthesia. Same as dysacusis, q. v. a. emi- 
nence, the prominent part of the floor of the fourth 
ventricle, lying between the inferior and superior 
fovea, a. field, the area within which a sound may 
be heard, a. hairs, the processes of the crista 
acustica. a. meatus (external and internal), the 
external and internal canals or openings of the ear. 
a. nerve, the eighth cranial nerve, supplying the 
internal ear; formerly the portio mollis of the seventh 
pair of cranial nerves, a. nuclei, the nuclei in the 
oblongata giving rise to the auditory nerves, a. 
ossicles, the chain of small bones of the middle ear. 
a. pit, the depression in the epiblast on both sides 
of the embryonic after-brain, destined to form the 
labyrinth of the ear. a. teeth, tooth-like tubercles 
in the cochlea of the ear. a. vertigo, dizziness due 
to pathological conditions of the ear. See Meniere's 
disease, a. vesicle, the ectodermal sac from which 
is developed the membranous labyrinth. 

auditus (aw-di'-tus) [L.]. Hearing; the sense or 
power of hearing. 

Auenbrugger's sign (ow'-en-broog-er) [Leopold 
Auenbrugger, Austrian physician, 1722-1809]. Bulg- 
ing of the epigastric region in cases of extensive 
pericardial effusion. 

Auer's bodies (pw'-er) [John Auer, American 
physician, 1875- ]. Rod-like bodies seen in the 
lymphocytes in leukemia. 

Auerbach's ganglia (ow'-er-bakh) [Leopold Auer- 
bach, German anatomist, 1828-1897]. The ganglionic 
nodes in Auerbach's plexus. A.'s plexus, plexus 
myentericus, a nerve-plexus found between the 
circular and longitudinal muscular coats of the 
stomach and intestine, and consisting of a network 
of pale nerve-fibers, at the nodal points of which 
minute ganglia exist. 

Aufrecht's sign (ow'-frekht) [Emanuel Aufrecht, 
German physician, 1844- ]. Short and feeble 
breathing heard just above the jugular fossa on 
placing the stethoscope over the trachea; it is noted 
in tracheal stenosis. 

augment (awg'-ment) [augmentum, increase]. The 
increasing stage of a fever or other acute disease. 

augmentation (awg-men-ta' -shun) [augmentatio, an 
increasing]. 1. Same as augment. 2. Increase in the 
violence of symptoms. 

augmentor {awg-men' -tor) . An agent which 
increases or accelerates the action of auxetics; by 
itself it is unable to produce cell division. See 
auxetic. 

augnathus {awg-na'-thus) [&D, besides; yvaBos, the 
jaw]. A monster with two lower jaws. 

aula {aw'-lah) [av\r], a hall or open court]. The 
common mesal cavity of the cerebrum, it being also 
the anterior portion of the third ventricle. 

aulatela (aw-lat-e'-lah) [aula, a hall; tela, a web]. 
The roof or covering membrane of the aula. 

aulic (aw'-lik) [aula, a hall]. Belonging or per- 
taining to the aula. a. recess, a triangular de- 
pression between the precommissure and the two 
fornicolumns of the brain. 

auliplexus (aw-le-pleks'-us) [aula, hall; plexus, a 
network]. The choroid plexus of the aula. 

aulix (aw'-liks) [aulix, a furrow]. The sulcus of 
Monro, a groove on the mesal surface of the thalamus 
just ventrad of the medicommissure. 

aulophyte (aw'-lo-fit) [av\6s, pipe or tube; $vt6v, 
a plant]. A symbiotic plant; one that lives within 
another, but not as a parasite. 

aura (aw'-rah) [avpa, a breath]. A breath of 
wind; a soft vapor. The phenomenon preceding an 
attack of epilepsy. It may be motor, sensory, 
vasomotor, secretory, or psychic. It is also applied 
to the symptom preceding an attack of any disease 
or paroxysm, as the aura hysterica, aura vertiginosa, 



AURADE 



105 



AUSCULATORY 



etc. a., electric, the current of air that attends the 
discharge of electricity from a point, a., epigastric, 
a localized epileptic aura. 

aurade, auradin (aw'-rdd, aw'-rad-in). A fatty 
body obtained from oil of orange-flowers. It crystal- 
lizes in tasteless, pearly, odorless scales, melting at 
13 1 ° F.; soluble in water, insoluble in alcohol. Syn., 
Neroli camphor. 

aural (aw'-ral) [auris, the ear]. 1. Relating to the 
ear or to hearing. 2. [aura.] Relating to the air or 
to an aura. a. vertigo. See Meniere's disease. 

auramine (aw' -ram-en) [aurum, gold; amine]. 
Yellow pyoktanin, a yellow aniline color used to 
some extent as an antiseptic. 

aurantia (aw-ran'-she-ah) [aurantium], 1. An 
orange coal-tar dye; an ammonium salt of hexa- 
nitrodiphenylamine. 2. An orange or oranges. 

aurantiamarin (aw-ran-te-am'-ar-in). A bitter 
glucoside obtained from orange peel. 

aurantin (aw-ran'-tin). See heptane. 

aurantium (aw-ran'-she-um) [L.; gen., aurantii]. 
Orange. The fruit of Citrus vulgaris and C. auran- 
tium. Both the flowers and the rind of the fruit 
are employed in medicine, aurantii amari cortex 
(U. S. P.), bitter orange-peel, aurantii amari, fluid- 
extractum (U. S. P.), bitter orange-peel, alcohol, 
and water. It is used as a flavor. Dose §— 1 dr. 
(2-4 Cc). aurantii amari, tinctura (U. S. P.), bitter 
orange-peel, 20; dilute alcohol, q. s. ad 100. Dose 
1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc). aurantii corticis, oleum (U. S. P.), 
the volatile oil expressed from the rind of the orange ; 
it is aromatic and a mild tonic, but is used mainly 
as a flavor. Dose 1-5 drops, aurantii dulcis cortex 
(U. S. P.), sweet orange-peel, aurantii dulcis, tinc- 
tura (U. S. P.), sweet orange-peel, 20; dilute alcohol, 
q. s. ad 100. Dose 1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc). aurantii, 
elixir, oil of orange-peel, 1; sugar, 100; alcohol and 
water, q. s. ad 300. aurantii florum, aqua (U. S. P.), 
stronger orange-flower water and distilled water, of 
each, 1 volume, aurantii florum fortior, aqua 
(U. S. P.), water saturated with the volatile oil of 
fresh orange-flowers, aurantii florum, oleum, oil of 
neroli, a volatile oil distilled from fresh orange- 
flowers. Dose 1-5 drops, aurantii florum, syrupus 
(U. S. P.), sugar, 85; orange-flower water, sufficient 
to make 100 parts. A common flavoring agent. 
aurantii, infusum (B. P.). Dose 1-2 oz. (30-60 Cc). 
aurantii, infusum, compositum (B. P.). Dose 1-2 
oz. (30-60 Cc). aurantii, spiritus, oil of orange-peel, 
5; deodorized alcohol, 95. Dose according to quan- 
tity of alcohol desired, aurantii, spiritus, compositus 
(U. S. P.), oil of orange-peel, 20; oil of lemon, 5; 
oil of coriander, 2 ; oil of anise, 5 ; deodorized alcohol, 
sufficient to make 100 parts, aurantii, syrupus 
(U. S. P.), tincture of sweet orange-peel, 5; citric 
acid, 0.5; magnesium carbonate, 1; sugar, 82; water 
sufficient to make 100 parts, aurantii, tinctura (B. 
P.). Dose 1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc). aurantii, tinctura, 
recentis (B. P.), tincture of fresh orange-peel. Dose 
1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc). aurantii, vinum (B. P.), contains 
12 % of alcohol. 

aureol (aw-re'-ol). The commercial name of a 
hair-dye said to contain menthol, 1 % ; amidophenol- 
chlorhydrate, 0.3 %; monoamido-diphenylamine, 
0.6 % ; dissolved in 50 % alcohol which contains 
0.5 % sodium sulphite. 

aureola (aw-re'-o-lah). See areola (1). 

aureolin (aw-re'-o-lin) [aurum, gold]. A yellow 
pigment obtained by heating paratoluidin with 
sulphur and treating with turning sulphuric acid. 
Syn., carnotine; polychromin; primulin yellow; 
sulphine; thiochromogen. 

auric (aw'-rik) [aurum, gold]. 1. Pertaining to 
aurum or gold. 2. Referring to gold in chemical 
combination as a triad, a. acid. See acid, auric. 

auricle (aw'-rik-l) [auricula, the ear]. 1. The 
expanded portion or pinna of the ear. 2. One of 
the upper chambers of the heart receiving the blood 
from the lungs (left auricle) or from the general 
circulation (right auricle). 3- An ear-shaped appen- 
dage. 4. A kind of ear-trumpet, a., cervical, con- 
genital cartilaginous remains of the neck, arising 
about the middle of the sternomastoid as symmetrical 
bodies, occurring in man occasionally and almost 
constantly present in the goat. 

auricoammonic (aw-rik-o-am-on'-ik). Containing 
gold and ammonium. 

auricobarytic (aw-rik-o-bar-it'-ik). Containing gold 
and barium. 

auricula (aw-rik' -u-lah) [dim. of auris, ear]. 



1. Auricle, q. v. 2. The auricular appendix, a 
pouch-like appendage to the auricles of the heart. 

auricular (aw-rik' -u-lar) [see auricle]. 1. Relating 
to the auricle of the ear. 2. Pertaining to the 
auricles of the heart, as auricular appendix. 3. Re- 
lating to the auricular nerve, arteries, veins, etc. 
a. appendix, the anterior prolongation of the cardiac 
auricle, a. finger, the little finger, a. point, the 
central point of the external auricular meatus. 

auriculare (aw-rik-u-la'-re) [auricularis , pertaining 
to the ear]. The auricular point, q. v. 

auricularis (aw-rik-u-la'-ris) [see auricle]. 1. Auri- 
cular. 2. The extensor minimi digiti. See under 
muscle, a. magnus, a branch of the cervical plexus 
of nerves. 

auriculate, auriculated (aw-rik' -u-lat, -ed). Fur- 
nished with ears or ear-like appendages; auricled. 

auriculocranial (aw-rik-u-lo-kra'-ne-al). Pertaining 
to both the auricle and the cranium. 

auriculooccipital (aw-rik-u-lo-ok-sip' -it-al) [auri- 
cula, the ear; occiput, the back of the head]. Per- 
taining both to the ear and the back of the head. 
a., triangle. See triangle. 

auriculotemporal (aw-rik-u-lo-tem' -po-ral) [auricle; 
tempus, the temple]. Relating to the auricle and 
to the temporal region, a. nerve, a branch of the 
inferior maxillary, supplying superficial parts about 
the auricle and temple. 

auriculoventricular (aw-rik-u-lo-ven-trik' -u-lar) [au- 
ricle; ventriculus, the ventricle]. Relating to an 
auricle and a ventricle of the heart, a. bundle, the 
bundle of His. a. opening, the opening between the 
auricles and the ventricles of the heart. 

auriform (aw'-rif-orm) [auris, the ear; forma, 
shape]. Ear-shaped. 

auriginous (aw-rij'-in-us). 1. Having the color 
of gold. 2. Relating to jaundice. 

aurilave (aw'-ril-av) [auris, the ear; lavare, to wash]. 
An appliance for cleansing the ears. An ear-brush 
or ear-sponge mounted upon a handle. 

aurinasal (aw-re-na'-sal) [auris; nasus, nose]. 
Pertaining to the ear and the nose. 

auripuncture (aw'-re-punk-chur) [auris; puncture]. 
Puncture of the membrana tympani. 

auris (aw' -ris) [L.]. The ear. a. externa, the 
outer ear, auricle, pinna, a. interna, a. intima, the 
internal ear, labyrinth, a. media, the middle ear, 
tympanum. 

auriscalp (aw'-ris-kalp) [auris, the ear; scalpare, 
to scrape]. An instrument for cleansing the ear. 
An ear-pick, or probe for the ear. 

auriscope (aw'-ris-kop) [auris ;l<rKoirtiv, to examine]. 
An instrument for examining the ear, and especially 
the Eustachian passage: an otoscope. 

aurist (aw'-rist) [auris]. A specialist in diseases 
of the ear. 

aurobromide (aw-ro-bro'-mid). Gold and potas- 
sium bromide. 

aurous (aw'-rus) [aurum, gold], 1. Pertaining to 
gold and its compounds. 2. Referring to gold in 
chemical combination as a monad. 

aurum (aw' -rum) [L.; gen., auri]. Gold. Au 
= 197.2; quantivalence III. A brilliant yellow 
metal, having a specific gravity of 19.3. It is soluble 
in a mixture of nitric and hydrochloric acids, auri 
bromidum, AuBr3, used in epilepsy and migraine. 
Dose tjV - i gr- (0.003-0.01 Gm.). auri chloridum, 
gold chloride. Dose 50— 35 gr. (0.001-0.002 Gm.). 
Also used as a stain for nerve tissue, auri et sodii 
chloridum (U. S. P.), the double chloride of gold 
and sodium. It is used as an alterative in chronic 
inflammations, diabetes, in the treatment of the 
alcohol habit, etc. Dose 3V — rts S r - (0.002-0.006 
Gm.). a. vegetabile, saffron. 

auscult, auscultate (aws-kuW, aws'-kul-tat) [auscul- 
tare, to listen to]. To perform or practise auscul- 
tation; to examine by auscultation. 

auscultation (aws-kul-ta' -shun) [see auscult]. A 
method of investigation of the functions and con- 
ditions of the respiratory, circulatory, digestive, and 
other organs by the sounds they themselves give out 
or that are elicited by percussion. It is called 
immediate, when the ear is directly applied to the 
part, and mediate, if practised by the aid of the 
stethoscope. Obstetric auscultation is practised in 
pregnancy to detect or study the fetal heart-sounds 
or the placental murmur, a.-tube, in otology, an 
instrument for listening to the forced passage of air 
through the ear of another. 

auscultatory (aws-kul'-ta-to-re) [see auscult]. Re- 



AUSCULTOSCOPE 



106 



AUTOMATIC 



lating to auscultation, a. percussion, the practice 
of listening with the stethoscope to the sounds pro- 
duced by percussing a part. 

auscultoscope (aws-kult'-o-skop). Stethoscope, or 
phonendoscope. 

autacoid (aw'-tak-oid) [auto-; &kos, remedy]. 
A general term for all internal secretions, it includes 
hormones and chalones, g. v. 

autan (aw'-tan). Trade name of a preparation 
said to be a mixture of paraformaldehyde and 
barium dioxide. It is used to disinfect rooms. 

autechoscope (aw-tek'-o-skop) [avros, self; vx°s< 
sound; o-noirtiv, to inspect]. A device for enabling a 
person to listen to sounds produced within his own 
body. 

autecic, autcecic (aw-te'-sik). See autecious. 

autecious, autoecious (aw-te'-shus) [avros, self; 
oIkos, dwelling]. Applied to parasitic fungi that 
pass through all the stages of their existence in the 
same host._ 

autemesia (aw-tem-e'-zhe-ah) [avros, self; ifielv, to 
vomit]. Vomiting without manifest cause. 

auto- (aw-to-) [avros, self]. A prefix meaning self, 
of itself. 

autoactivation (aw-to-ak-tiv-a'-shun) [auto-; acti- 
vate]. The activation of a gland by an enzyme or 
hormone derived from itself. 

autoanticomplement (aw-to-an-te-kom'-ple-ment) . 
An anticomplent, formed within the body, which 
is capable of neutralizing its own complements. 

autoaudible (aw-to-awd'-i-bl) [auto-; audire, to 
hear]. Applied to cardiac sounds audible to the 
patient. 

autoblast (aw'-to-blast) [auto-; /3Xa<n-6s, a germ]. 
An independent bioblast. 

autocatheterism (aw-to-kath' -et-er-izm) [auto-; 
catheter]. The passage of a catheter by a person 
upon himself. 

autochthon (aw-tok' -thon) [avroxBuv, sprung from 
the land]. An aboriginal inhabitant. 

autochthonous (aw-tok' -thon-us) [see autochthon]. 
Aboriginal; formed (as, e. g., a clot) in the place 
where it is found. 

autocinesis (aw-to-sin-e'-sis). See autokinesis. 

autocinetic (aw-to-sin-et'-ik). See autokinetic. 

autoclasis (aw-tok' -la-sis) [auto-; ic\a<ns, breaking]. 
A breaking up of a part due to causes developed 
within itself. 

autoclave (aw'-to-klav) [auto-; clavis, a key], 
i. Self -fastening; closing itself. 2. An apparatus for 
sterilizing objects by steam-heat at high pressure. 
3. To sterilize in an autoclave. 

autoconduction (aw-to-kon-duk'-shun) [auto-; con- 
duction]. A term used in electrotherapy for a 
method of using high-frequency currents. The 
patient or part to be acted upon is placed inside of 
the solenoid, without any direct connection with 
any part of the circuit. 

autocystoplasty (aw-to-sis' -to-plas-te) [auto-; Kvo-ris, 
bladder; irXaeraeiv, to form]. Plastic surgery of the 
bladder with grafts from the patient's body. 

autocytolysin (aw 7 to-si-tol'-is-in). Same as auto- 
lysis 

autocytotoxins (aw-to-si-to-toks'-ins) [auto-; cyto- 
toxin]. Cytotoxins produced in the body of the 
individual by abnormal retention and absorption 
of the products of degenerated and dead cells. 

autodidact (aw'-to-di-dakt) [auto-; Sidaicros, taught]. 
One who is self-taught. 

autodigestion (aw-to-di-jes'-chun) [auto-; digerere, to 
digest]. Digestion of the walls of the stomach by 
the gastric juice, from disease of the stomach. 

autofundoscope (aw-to-fun' -do-skop) [auto-; fundus, 
the bottom; a-Kowelv, to look]. An instrument for 
self-examination of the vessels about the macular 
region of the eye. 

autogamous (aw-tog'-am-us) [auto-; yapios, mar- 
riage]. In botany, a name applied to flowers that 
are habitually self-fertilizing. 

autogamy (aw-tog'-am-e). [See autogamous.] Self- 
fertilization. 

autogenesis (aw-to-jen'-es-is) [auto-; ykvzavs, pro- 
duction]. Spontaneous generation; self-production. 

autogenetic (aw-to-jen-et'-ik) [see autogenesis]. 
Produced within the organism. 

autogenous (aw-toj'-en-us) [see autogenesis]. 1. 
Pertaining to diseases or conditions self-produced 
within the body and not derived from external 
sources; applied to poisons generated in the body by 
its inherent processes. 2. Having a distinct center 



of development, as parts of bones, a. hemorrhage, 
hemorrhage due to causes residing within the body; 
not traumatic, a. vaccine, one derived from the 
microorganism infecting the person to be immunized, 
as opposed to stock vaccines which are made from 
standard cultures. 

autognosis (aw-tog-no'-sis) [auto-; yvaxris, know- 
ledge]. Knowledge obtained by self -observation. 

autogony (aw-tog'-o-ne) [avrbyovos, self -produced]. 
The rise of the simplest protoplasmic substance in a 
formative fluid. 

autographic (aw-to-graf'-ik) [auto-; ypafciv, to 
write]. Self -registering, a. skin, a condition of 
vasomotor paralysis, usually in hysterical patients, 
in which markings made upon the skin form quite 
persistent and intensely red traces, a. woman, one 
with an autographic skin. 

autographism (aw-tog' '-raf-izm) [auto-; ypafaiv, to 
write]. The condition observed in the so-called auto- 
graphic skin; dermographism. See urticaria factitia. 

autohypnotic (aw-to-hip-not'-ik). 1. Relating to 
autohypnotism. 2. An individual who can put him- 
self into a hypnotic state. 

autohypnotism (aw-to-hip'-not-izm) [auto-; vwvos, 
sleep]. Mental stupor induced by dwelling intensely 
upon some all-absorbing thought. 

autoimmunization (aw-to-im-u-ni-za' -shun) [auto-; 
immunization]. Immunization obtained by natural 
processes at work within the body. 

autoinfection (aw-to-in-fek' -shun) [auto-; infection]. 
Infection by virus originating within the body or 
transferred from one part of the body to another. 

autoinfusion (aw-to-in-fu'-shun) [auto-; infundere, 
to pour in]. Compulsion of the blood to the heart 
by bandaging the extremities, compression of the 
abdominal aorta, etc. 

autoinoculable (aw-to-in-ok'-u-la-bl) [auto-; inocu- 
lare, to implant]. Capable of being inoculated upon 
the person already infected. Chancroid is auto- 
inoculable. 

autoinoculation (aw-to-in-ok-u-la' -shun) [see auto- 
inoculable]. Inoculation in one part of the body 
by virus present in another part; self -inoculation. 

autointoxication (aw-to-in-toks-ik-a'-shun) [auto-; 
ro£uc6v, a poison]. Poisoning by faulty metabolic 
products elaborated within the body; autoinfection. 
a., endogenous, that due to the action of excessive 
unneutralized or modified discharges from the cells 
of any tissue acting upon the other tissues without 
previous discharge from the body; or that due to the 
action of products of decomposition and necrosis of 
any tissue acting in a similar manner; or that due 
to microendoparasites or macroendoparasites. a., 
exogenous, that due to the action of poisons entering 
the system from without, through the skin, the 
digestive, the respiratory or genitourinary tract, as 
by the absorption of retained excreta, or of decom- 
position- and fermentation-products developed in 
the external secretions through the action of those 
secretions, a., indirect, that caused by the absorp- 
tion of retained excrements. 

autoisolysin (aw-to-is-ol'-is-in) [auto-; laos, equal; 
Xixris, a loosing]. A serum which dissolves the 
corpuscles of the individual from which it was 
obtained and also those of another individual of the 
same species. 

autokinesis (aw-to-kin-e'-sis) [auto-; Kivqo-is, 
movement]. Voluntary movement. 

autokinetic (aw-to-kin-et'-ik) [see autokinesis]. 
Pertaining to, or of the nature of, autokinesis. 

autolaryngoscopy (aw-to-lar-ing-gos'-ko-pe) [auto-; 
\apvy£, the larynx; oko-kHv, to examine]. The 
examination of one's own larynx. 

autolavage (aw-to-lav'-ahj) [auto-; lavage]. The 
washing out of one's own stomach. 

autolysate (aw-tol'-is-at) [see autolysin]. That 
which results from or is produced by autolysis. 

autolysin (aw-toV -is-in) [auto-; \v<ris, a loosing]. 
A lysin capable of dissolving the red blood-corpuscles 
of the animal in the serum of which it circulates. 

autolysis (aw-tol'-is-is) [see autolysin]. 1. Self- 
digestion of tissues within the living body. 2. The 
chemical splitting-up of the tissue of an organ by the 
action of an enzyme peculiar to it. 3. The hemolytic 
action of the blood-serum of an animal upon its own 
corpuscles. 

autolytic (aw-to-lit'-ik). Relating to autolysis. 

automatic (aw-to-mat'-ik) [avrop-ari^eiv, to act 
spontaneously]. Performed without the influence of 
the will. 



AUTOMATISM 



107 



AUXANOGRAPHY 



automatism (aw-lom'-at-izm) [see automatic]. The 
performance of acts without apparent volition, as 
seen in certain somnambulists and in some hysterical 
and epileptic patients, a., epileptic. See auto- 
matism. 

automatograph (aw-to-mat'-o-graf) [avropari^eiv, 
to act spontaneously; ypa<fieZv, to record]. An instru- 
ment for registering involuntary movements. 

automaton (aw-tom'-at-on) [avrbp-aros, spontane- 
ous]. One who acts in an involuntary or mechanical 
manner. 

automixis (aw-to-miks'-is) [auto-; /u'£«, mixture]. 
Same as autogamy. 

automysophobia (aw-to-mis-o-fo'-be-ah) [auto-; 
nv<ros, filth; <£6/3os, fear]. Insane dread of personal 
uncleanliness. 

autonephrectomy (aw-to-nef-rek'-to-me) [auto; 
ve<t>pos, kidney; Uropi], excision]. Complete stricture 
of the ureter so that no urine flows from the kidney 
to the bladder. 

autonomic, autonomous {aw-ton-om'-ik, -ion'-om- 
us) [auto-; vopos, law]. Independent in origin, action, 
or function; self-governing, a. nervous system, the 
sympathetic nervous system supplying involuntary 
muscle fibers, secreting glands, and arterioles. 

autonomy (aw-ton'-o-me) [see autonomous]. Inde- 
pendence. 

autoophthalmoscope (aw-to-of-thal'-mo-skop). See 
autophthalmoscope. 

autopathic (aw-to-path'-ik) [auto-; ir6£os, suffering]. 
The same as endopathic or idiopathic. 

autopepsia (aw-to-pep'-se-ah) [auto-; ireirreiv, to 
digest]. Autodigestion. 

autophagia (aw-to-fa'-je-ah) [auto-; <payeiv, to 
eat]. i. Self -consumption; emaciation. 2. The 
biting of one's own flesh. 

autophagy (aw-tof.-a-je). See autophagia. 
autophilia (aw-to-fil'-e-ah) [auto-; 4>i\elv, to love]. 
Morbid self-esteem. 

autophobia (aw-to-fo' -be-ah) [auto-; <p6(3os, fear]. 
A morbid dread of one's self or of solitude. 

autophonia (aw-to-fo'-ne-ah). 1. See autophony. 
2. [auto-; 06ws, murder]. Suicide. 

autophonomania (aw-to-fo-no-ma'-ne-ah) [avTo<povia, 
suicide; p.avla, madness]. Suicidal mania. 

autophonous (aw-tof'-on-us) [auto-; (puvri, voice]. 
Having the character of autophony. 

autophony (aw-tof'-o-ne) [see autophonous], 1. The 
auscultation of the physician's own voice through 
the patient's chest. 2. The condition in which one's 
own voice appears changed. It may be due to 
chronic inflammation of the ear or to other causes. 

autophthalmoscope (aw-toff-thal'-mo-skop). An 
ophthalmoscope for examining one's own eye. 

autophthalmoscopy (aw-tof-thal-mos' -ko-pe) [auto-; 
6<j>da\p6s, the eye; o-Koireiv, to see]. Examination of 
one's own eye with the ophthalmoscope. 

autoplasty (aw'-to-plas-te) [auto-; ir\a<r<T(iv, to 
form]. A method of repairing the effects of a wound 
or lesion involving loss of tissue by grafting or 
implanting fresh parts taken from other portions 
of the patient's body. 

autopsy (aw'-top-se) [auto-; o^is, a seeing]. The 
postmortem examination. 

autopsychorrhythmia (aw-to-si-kor-rith' -me-ah) 

[auto-; \pvxh, mind; frvdpos, rhythm], A morbid 
rhythmic activity of the brain; it is a symptom of 
grave insanity. 

autoscope (aw'-to-skop) [auto-; oko-kHv, to see]. 
An instrument arranged for the examination of one's 
own organs by one's self. 

autoscopy (aw-tos' '-ko-pe) [see autoscope]. The 
examination of one's own organs by means of an 
autoscope. 

autoserotherapy (aw-to-se-ro-ther'-ap-e) [auto-; ser- 
um; therapy]. Treatment of a disease (such as 
pleurisy) by means of a serum obtained from the 
patient himself. 

autoserum (aw-to-se'-rum) [auto-; serum], A 
therapeutic serum which is obtained from the 
patient on whom it is used. 

autosite (aw'-to-sit) [auto-; <t~itos, food]. 1. A 
monster capable of an independent existence after 
birth. 2. That member of a double fetal mon- 
strosity that nourishes itself by its own organs and 
also the other member, which is called the parasite. 
autositic (aw-to-sit'-ik) [see autosite]. Of the nature 
of an autosite. 

autospermotoxin (aw-to-spurm-o-toks'-in) [auto-; 
virepua, seed; to^lkov, poison]. A specific substance 



produced in the blood-serum of an animal by intra- 
venous injection of spermatozoa of another animal, 
and which renders the serum of the treated animal 
toxic for the spermatozoa of both. 

autosterilization (aw-to-ster-il-iz-a'-shun) [auto-; 
sterilization]. Sterilization effected by the normal 
fluids of the body. 

autostethoscope (aw-to-steth' -o-skop) [auto-; arfjOos, 
the chest; aKoirelv, to examine]. A stethoscope so 
arranged that by it one may listen to his own chest- 
sounds. 

autosuggestibility (aw-to-suj-es-tib-il'-it-e). That 
mental state with loss of will, in which auto sug- 
gestion easily occurs. 

autosuggestion (aw-to-suj-es'-chun) [auto-; sug- 
gestio, an intimation]. A peculiar mental condition, 
often developing after accidents, especially railway 
accidents; it is intimately associated with the hyp- 
notic state. In both of these conditions the mental 
spontaneity, the will, or the judgment is more or 
less suppressed or obscured, and suggestions become 
easy. Thus the slightest traumatic action directed 
to any member may become the occasion of a paraly- 
sis, of a contracture, or of an arthralgia. Syn., trau- 
matic suggestion. 

autotemnous (aw-to-tem'-nus) [auto-; self; repveiv, 
to cut]. Capable of spontaneous division. 

autotherapy (aw-to-ther'-a-pe) [auto-; depaweia, 
treatment]. The spontaneous or self-cure of a 
disease. 

autotomy (aw-tot'-o-me) [auto-; roprj, a cutting]. 
1. Self-division; fission. 2. The performance of a 
surgical operation upon one's own body. 

autotoxemia (aw-to-toks-e'-me-ah) [auto-; to^ikov, 
a poison; alp.a, blood]. Toxemia from poisons 
derived from the organism itself. 

autotoxicosis (aw-to-toks-ik-o'-sis) [auto-; to£ik6v, 
poison]. The symptoms due to autotoxemia. 

autotoxin (aw-to-toks' -in) [auto-; to^kov, a poison]. 
Any poisonous product of tissue-metamorphosis. 

autotoxis (aw-to-toks f -is) [auto-; to£ik6v, poison]. 
Self -poisoning through the absorption of noxious prod- 
ucts of katabolism, as in uremia. Cf . autointoxication. 
autotransfusion (aw-to-lrans-fu'-zhun) [auto-; trans- 
fusio, a pouring-out or forth]. The transfer of the 
blood to the brain and other central organs by 
elevating the hips and legs and by the use of elastic 
bandages compressing the limbs. 

autotransplantation (aw-to-trans-plan-ta'-shun) 
[auto-: transplantation]. The operation of trans- 
planting to a part of the body tissue taken from 
another part of the same body. 

autotrophic (aw-to-trof'-ik) [avros, self; rpo<pr\, 
nutrition]. Self-nourishing. A term applied to 
those forms of bacteria which do not require organic 
carbon and nitrogen, but are able to form carbo- 
hydrates and protein out of carbon dioxide and 
inorganic salts. 

autotuberculin (au-to-tu-ber' -ku-lin) . Tuberculin 
prepared from a patient's own sputum. 

autotyphization (aw-to-ti-fiz-a'-shun) [auto-; ty- 
phoid]. The production of a condition resembling 
typhoid fever from faulty elimination of waste- 
material. 

autovaccination (aw-to-vaks-in-a'-shun) [auto-; vac- 
cinare, to vaccinate]. The reinsertion of fresh 
vaccine lymph upon the same person from whom it 
is taken. 

autumn catarrh. Synonym of hay-fever, since it is 
apt to occur in the autumn or the fall of the year. 

autumnal (aw-tum'-nal) [autumn]. Pertaining to 
the fall of the year. a. fever. Synonym of typhoid 
fever. 

auxanogram (awks-an'-o-gram) [av^aveiv, to grow; 
ypa<t>eiv, to write]. A pure plate culture of microbes 
which has been prepared by Beyerinck's auxano- 
graphic method in which the colonies indicate which 
one of several nutrient media is best suited to their 
growth. 

auxanographic (awks-an-o-graf'-ik). Pertaining to 
auxanography. 

auxanography (awks-an-og'-ra-fe). A method 
devised by Beyerinck for ascertaining the nutrient- 
mediums suitable for a growing microbe. Plate 
cultures of poor mediums (e. g., 10 % gelatin or 2 % 
agar in distilled water) are stippled with drops of 
solutions the nutrient properties of which are to be 
tested. The species of microbe under examination 
will then develop strong colonies only on those spots 
where the requisite pabulum is present. 



AUXANOLOGY 



108 



AXIS 



auxanology (awks-an-ol'-o-je) [av£aveiv, to grow; 
\6yos, science]. The study of growth. 

auxanometer (awks-an-om' -et-er) [av^aveiv, to 
grow; nerpop, a measure]. An instrument used in 
biological study for measuring the growth of young 
organisms. *> 

auxe (awks'-e) [av^rj, increase]. Enlargement in 
bulk or volume. 

auxesis (awks-e'-sis) [avfyais, enlargement]. In- 
crease in size or bulk. Hypertrophy is a word often 
incorrectly used where auxesis is meant. 

auxetic (awks-et'-ik) [See auxesis]. i. Char- 
acterized by auxesis. 2. Increase in size or bulk. 
3. An exciter of reproduction; an agent which causes 
proliferation of human cells, especially leukocytes. 
See in vitro. 

auxiliary (awks-il'-e-a-re) [auxilium]. 1. Aiding. 

2. An adjuvant, auxiliaries of respiration, those 
muscles brought into action in difficult respiration. 

auxilium (awks-il'-e-um) [L., "help"]. A wheeled 
vehicle or ambulance with couch and mattresses, 
for use in the service of field military hospitals. 

auxocardia (awks-o-kar'-de-ah) [avfr, an increase; 
napUa, the heart]. The normal increase of the 
volume of the heart during diastole, in distinction 
from meiocardia, the diminution during systole. 

auxochrome (awks'-o-krom) [avfav, increase; 
XpwM«. color]. 1. That which increases color. 2. A 
term applied to a chemical group which, if added to 
a chromophore group will produce a dye. 

auxocyte (awks'-o-sit) [av^eiv, to increase; kvtos, 
a cell]. A cell which is concerned in growth or 
reproduction. 

auxometer (awks-om' -et-er) [avfav, to grow; 
fierpov, a measure]. 1. A device for estimating the 
magnifying power of lenses. 2. See auxanometer. 

3. A dynamometer. Syn., auxemeter; auxenometer ; 
auxesimeter ; auxiometer; auzometer. 

auxospore (awks'-o-spor) [avfav, to grow; airopos, 
seed, offspring]. A large spore produced, either 
asexually, or by conjugation, in the Diatomacece. 

auxotonic (awks-o-ton'-ik) [av&iv, to grow; tow, 
tension]. Determined by growth, a.' movements, 
movements due to growth rather than to stimulation. 

auzometer {aw-zom' -et-ur) . See auxometer. 

Av. Abbreviation for avoirdupois weight; see 
weights and measures. 

ava, ava-kava (ah'-vah, ah-vah-kah'-vah). See 
kava-kava. 

avaism (ah'-vah-izm). A malady from abuse of 
kava, resembling absinthism. 

avalanche theory. Pfliiger's theory that nerve- 
energy gathers intensity as it passes toward the 
muscles. 

avalent (ah-va'-lent) [&, priv.; valence]. Without 
valency. 

avalvular (ah-val '-vu-lar) [a, priv.; valvula, a valve]. 
Lacking valves. 

avascular (ah-vas'-ku-lar) [&, priv.; vas, a vessel]. 
Without blood; not possessing blood-vessels. 

avascularization {ah-vas-ku-lar-iz-a'-shun). The 
ace of rendering a part bloodless, as by compression 
or bandaging. 

avascularize (ah-vas'-ku-lar-iz) . To render blood- 
less. 

Avellis' symptom-complex (ah-vel'-lis) [Georg 
Avellis, German laryngologist, 1864- ]• Paralysis 
of one-half of the soft palate, associated with a 
recurrent paralysis on the same side. 

Avena (av-e'-nah) [L.J. A genus of plants. Oats. 
Avena farina, oatmeal. A. sativa, the embryo of the 
seed of the common oat-plant. It contains starch, 
gluten, a ferment called diastase, and a small amount 
of alkaline phosphates, and is a nutritious food. 
Dose of the concentrated tincture or fluidextract 10 
min.-2 dr. (0.65-8.0 Cc). The pericarp contains an 
alkaloid possessed of slight narcotic powers. 

avenin (av-e'-nin) [avena]. 1. A precipitate made 
from a tincture of Avena sativa, or the oat. It is a 
nerve-stimulant and tonic. 2. A nitrogenous prin- 
ciple obtained from the oat, and nearly identical 
with legumin; the gluten-casein of oats. 

avenious, avenous (ah-ve'-ne-us, ah-ve'-nus) [&, 
priv.; vena, vein]. Lacking veins. 

avenolith (av-en'-o-lith) [avena; Xt0os, stone]. An 
intestinal calculus formed around a grain of oats. 

aversion (av-ur'-shun) [avertere, to turn aside], 
1. A turning aside, as in the displacement of an 
organ or in metastasis. 2. Nausea. 

avidity (av-id'-it-e) [avidus, greedy]. In chemistry, 



the tendency of certain weak acids, in suitable con- 
ditions, to dispossess even the strongest acids and to 
unite with their bases. 

avirulent {ah-vir' -it-lent) [&, priv.; virus, a poison]. 
Without virulence. 

avitaminosis (ah-vi-lam-in-o'-sis) [&, priv.; vita- 
mine]. A disease resulting from deficiency of vita- 
mines in the diet. 

Avogadro's law [Amadeo Avogadro, Italian physi- 
cist, 1 7 76-1 856]. Equal volumes of all gases and 
vapors, at like temperature and pressure, contain 
an equal number of molecules. 

avoirdupois weight {av-or-du-pois'). See weights 
and measures. 

avulsio, avulsion (av-ul'-se-o, -shun) [avellere, to 
tear away]. A tearing or wrenching away of a part, 
as a polyp, a limb, etc. a. bulbi, avulsion of the 
bulb, separation of the pupil from its attachments in 
consequence of complete or almost complete rupture 
of the tendons of the optic muscles and nerves. 

axanthopsia {ah-zan-thop' -se-ah) [&, priv.; £avdos, 
yellow; oipis, vision]. Yellow-blindness. 

Axenf eld's test for albumin in urine {ahks' -en-felt) 
[David Axenfeld, German physiologist]. Acidulate 
with formic acid and add, drop by drop, a 0.1 % 
solution of gold chloride, and warm. If albumin is 
present, the solution becomes red, then purplish, 
and on the addition of more gold chloride, blue. 
The blue color is also produced by glucose, starch, 
tyrosin, uric acid, urea, leucin, etc., but the red 
color is characteristic of albumin. 

axial (aks'-e-al) [axis]. Pertaining to or situated 
in an axis. a. current, the column of red corpuscles 
which, by reason of the weight of the cells, occupies 
the center or axis of the blood-stream, a. hyperopia. 
See hyperopia, axial, a. neuritis, inflammation of a 
nerve axis. a. stream. See a. current. 

axifugal {aks-if -u-gal) [axis; fugere, to flee]. 
Centrifugal. 

axilemma (aks-il-em'-ah) [axis; \kpp.a, husk; skin]. 
An elastic sheath composed of neurokeratin, inclosing 
the axis-cylinder of medullated nerve-fibers. 

axilla (aks-il'-ah) [L.]. 1. The armpit. 2. The 
prominence of the shoulder. 

axillary (aks'-il-a-re) [axilla]. Pertaining to the 
axilla, a. artery, the continuation of the subclavian 
artery, extending from the lower border of the first 
rib to the insertion of the pectoralis major muscle, 
where it becomes the brachial. See under artery. 
a. glands, the lymphatic glands in the axilla, a. 
plexus, the brachial plexus, formed by the last three 
cervical and the first dorsal nerves, a. region, a. 
space, the irregular conical space of the axilla. 
a. vein, a continuation of the brachial vein, corre- 
sponding with the artery and terminating in the 
subclavian vein. 

axin (aks'-in) [axinus], A fatty and varnish-like 
substance produced in Mexico by an insect, Coccus 
axinus. It is used in the arts and locally in medicine, 
being regarded as a good vulnerary and resolvent. 

axioplasm {aks'-e-o-plazm). See axoplasm. 

axipetal (aks-ip'-et-al) [axis; petere, to seek]. 
Centripetal; applied to the transmission of impulses 
toward an axone. 

axis (aks'-is) [L., "axletree"]. 1. An imaginary 
line passing through the center of a body. 2. The 
second cervical vertebra. 3- A short artery which 
breaks up into several branches, e. g., thyroid axis, 
celiac axis. See under artery, a., basicranial, in 
cramometry, a line drawn from the basion to the 
middle of the ante'rior border of the cerebral surface 
of the sphenoid bone, a., basifacial, in craniometry, 
a line drawn from the anterior border of the cerebral 
surface of the sphenoid to the alveolar point, a., 
binauricular, in craniometry, the imaginary line 
joining the two auricular points, a., brain,, the 
isthmus, a. celiac, same as celiac artery; see table of 
arteries. &., cerebrospinal, the central nervous 
system, a.-cord. See primitive streak, a.-corpus- 
cle. See corpuscle, axile. a., craniofacial, in com- 
parative anatomy the bones making the floor of 
the cranial cavity, a.-cylindef, the conducting or 
essential part of a nerve. Syn., axis-cylinder of 
Purkinje. a.-cylinder process, that one of the 
protoplasmic processes of a nerve-cell which becomes 
an axis-cylinder, a., electric, a. line connecting the 
two poles of an electric body, a., frontal (of the 
eye), an imaginary line running through the eyeball 
from right to left, and corresponding with the move- 
ments of elevation and depression of the eyeball. 



AXITE 



109 



AZZLE TEETH 



a., hemal, the aorta, a., magnetic, a line connecting 
the two poles of a magnet, a. neural, the cerebro- 
spinal axis, a., optic, i. The line from the center 
of the cornea to the macula lutea. 2. An imaginary 
line passing from the center of the eye-piece of a 
microscope through the body, objective, stage, and 
substage, to the mirror, a., pelvic, an imaginary 
line passing through all the median anteroposterior 
diameters of the pelvic canal at their centers, a., 
sagittal (of the eye), an imaginary line running 
through the eyeball from before backward, and 
coinciding with the line of vision, a.-traction, 
traction on the fetus in the axis of the pelvis, a.- 
traction forceps, a forceps for performing axis- 
traction, a. uteri. 1. The long diameter of the 
uterus. 2. A line imagined to pass transversely 
through the uterus near its junction with the cervix, 
on which it is said to turn in retroversion, a., visual, 
the line from the object through the nodal point to 
the macula. 

axite (aks'-it) [axis]. Gowers' name for the 
terminal filaments of the axis-cylinder. 

axle teeth (aks'-l teth). See azzle teeth. 

axo- (aks-o-) [axis]. A prefix meaning axis. 

axodendrite (aks-o-den'-drit) [axo-; bkvbpov, a tree]. 
Lenhossek's term for a nonmedullated, axopetally 
conducting side fibril" on the axons, as distinguished 
from a cytodendrite or one of the true medullated, 
cellulifugal collaterals. 

axofugal (ak-so-fu'-gal) [axo-; fugere, to flee from]. 
Directed away from an axis cylinder process. 

axoid (aks'-oid) [axo-; eI5oj, likeness]. 1. Shaped 
like a pivot. 2. Relating to the second cervical 
vertebra. 

axolemma. Jfee axilemma. 

axolysis {aks-ol'-is-is) [axon; Xixus, solution]. 
Destruction of an axis cylinder. 

axometer (aks-om'-et-ur) [axo-; p.krpov, measure]. 
An instrument used to adjust properly the axes of 
spectacles to the eyes. 

axon, axone (aks'-on) [axis]. 1. The body -axis. 
2. An unbranched nerve-cell process of the second 
order. See dendrite. 3. The cerebrospinal axis. 
4. Kolliker's term for neurite. a. degeneration, dis- 
integration and loss of function of the axis-cylinder. 
a. hillock, the pyramidal projection of the nerve-cell 
protoplasm from which the axon issues. 

axoneuron (aks-o-nu'-ron) [axo-; vevpov, nerve]. 
A neuron the cell-body (nerve-cell) of which lies in 
the interior of the brain or the spinal cord. The axo- 
neurons are classified as rhizoneurons and the endaxo- 
neurons. 

axonometer (aks-o-nom' -et-er) [axo-; pkrpov, a 
measure]. 1. An instrument used for locating the 
axis of astigmatism. 2. An apparatus for determining 
the axis of a cylinder. 

axopetal (aks-op'-et-al). See axipetal. 

axoplasm (aks'-o-plazm) [axis; ir\a<rp.a, a thing 
molded]. Waldeyer's term for the delicate stroma 
of reticular substance holding together the fine 
fibrillae of the axis-cylinders. Syn., neuroplasm. 

axospongium (aks-o-spun'-je-um) [axo-; avoyyos, a 
sponge]. Held's term for the reticular structure of 
the axis-cylinder. 

axungia (aks-un'-je-ah) [L.]. Fat; lard; adeps. 
axungise lunae, a variety of calcium carbonate, 
axungiae vitri, salt of glass; a scum forming on the 
surface of molten glass. It is applied as a desiccative 
and detergent. 

ayapana, ayapano. The South American name for 
the leaves of the herb Eupatorium triplinerve, of 
tropical America. It is stimulant, diaphoretic, and 
tonic, and is used in infusion externally for wounds 
and abscesses, internally for gastric disorders, and is 
recommended as a substitute for tea, coffee, and 
cocoa. 

azalein (az-a'-le-in). See fuchsin. 

azedarach (az-ed'-ar-ak) [Pers., azad, free; dirakht, 
a tree]. Pride of China, the bark of Melia azedarach, 
an Asiatic tree naturalized in the southern United 
States. It occurs in curved pieces or quills, having a 
sweetish taste. A decoction, \ oz. to 1 pint, is used 



as an anthelmintic against the roundworm. Dose 
\-i oz. (15-30 Cc). Dose of the fluidextract 1 dr. 
(4 Gin.); of the tincture, 1 to 8, \-2 dr. (2-8 Cc). 

azerin (az'-er-in) [a, priv.; Zvpos, dry]. A ferment 
analogous to ptyalin and found in the digestive 
secretions of Drosera, Nepenthes, and probably all 
other insectivorous plants. 

azoamyly (ah-zo-am'-il-e) [a, priv.; £u>ov, animal; 
ap.v\oi>, starch]. The inability of the cell (hepatic) 
to store up the normal amount of glycogen. 

azobenzene (az-o-ben'-zen) [azote, nicrogen; ben- 
zene], C12H10N2. A compound formed by the action 
of sodium amalgam upon the alcoholic solution of 
nitrobenzene. It forms orange-red, rhombic crystals, 
readily soluble in alcohol and ether, but sparingly 
soluble in water. It melts at 68° and distils at 293 . 

azobenzoid (az-o-ben'-zo-id). An amorphous white 
powder derived from oil of bitter almonds by action 
of ammonia. 

azo-compound. In chemistry, a compound con- 
taining the group — N =N — united to two hydro- 
carbon groups; a compound intermediate between the 
nitro-compounds and the amido-compounds, and 
made from the former by partial reduction, or from 
the latter by partial oxidation. 

azoic (ah-zo'-ik) [a, priv.; fo>i7, life]. 1. Destitute 
of living organisms. 2. Relating to nitrogen; azotic; 
nitric. 

azolitmin (az-o-lit'-min) [a, priv.; £0017, life; litmus], 
C-H7NO4. A deep blood-red coloring-matter ob- 
tained from litmus. 

azomethane (az-o-meth-an') . Hydrocyanic acid. 

azoospermia (ah-zo-o-sper' -me-ah) [a, priv.: f^, 
life; awkppa, seed]. Absence of, or deficient vitality 
of, the spermatozoa. 

azoresorcin {az-o-rez-or'-sin) [a, priv.; £017, life; 
resorcinol], C12H9NO4. A derivative of resorcinol, 
occurring as dark-red and greenish crystals. 

azotation (az-o-ta'-shun). The assimilation of 
nitrogen from the air by organisms. 

azote iaz'-ol) [&, priv.; fu^, life]. A synonym of 
nitrogen. 

azotemia {az-o-ie' -me-ah) [azote; alpa, blood]. 
The presence of nitrogenous compounds in the 
blood; uremia. 

azotenesis {az-o-ten-e'-sis) [azote]. Any one of a 
class of diseases said to be due to a superabundance 
of nitrogen in the system, such as scurvy. 

azotic acid. Nitric acid. 

azotiodic (az-ot-i-o'-dik). Containing nitrogen and 
iodine. 

azotized (az'-ot-lzd) [azote]. Xitrogenized; con- 
taining nitrogen. 

azotobacter (az-o'-to-bak-ter). A class of large 
aerobic bacteria, capable of fixing free nitrogen from 
the air. They are found in the soil. 

azotometer (az-o-tom'-et-er) [azote; pkrpov, a meas- 
ure]. A device for the measurement of nitrogen. 

azotorrhea {az-o-to-re'-ah) [azote; pola, flow]. Ex- 
cess of nitrogenous matter in the urine or feces. 

azoturia (az-o-tu'-re-ah) [azote; ovpov, urine]. An 
increase of the urea and urates in the urine. 

azoxybenzene {az-oks-e-ben' -zen) [azote; 6££>s, sharp; 
benzene], C12H10N2O. A compound obtained by the 
reduction of nitrobenzene. It forms long 3-ellow 
needles, easily soluble in alcohol and ether, but not 
in water. 

azulene {az'-u-len). Same as cerulein. 

azyges (az'-ij-es) [dfiryifr, unwedded]. The 
sphenoid bone. 

azygos (az'-ig-os) [a, priv.; $vy6v, a yoke]. Applied 
to parts that are single, not in pairs, a. uvulae, a 
small muscle of the uvula, a. veins. See veins. 

azygous (az'-ig-us) [see azygos]. Not paired. 

azymia (ah-zi' -me-ah) [a, priv.; Ju/«?. a ferment]. 
Absence of ferment. 

azymic (ah-zi'-mik) [a, priv.; fiv«7,.a ferment]. 
Not giving rise to fermentation. 

azymous (az'-i-mus) [a, priv.; ^vprj, a ferment]. 
Unfermented. 

• azzle teeth (az'-l) [E. dial., assal teeth]. A name 
given to the molar teeth. 



B 



B. i. The chemical symbo 1 of boron. 2. Abbrevi- 
ation for Beaume's hydrometer; also of Bacillus, and 
Bacterium. 

Ba. The chemical symbol of barium. 

B.A. Abbreviation of Bachelor of Arts. 

Babbit metal (bab'-it). An antifriction alloy com- 
posed of 8 parts of tin, 2 of antimony, and 1 of 
copper. Also used occasionally in dentistry. 

Babes-Ernst's bodies [Victor Babes, Roumanian 
bacteriologist, 1854- '■> Paul Ernst, German 
pathologist, 1859- ]. Bodies found in bacteria, 
especially those derived from animal bodies or 
secretions; they stain more deeply than the rest of 
the cytoplasm. 

Babesia (ba-be'-ze-ah) [Victor Babes, Roumanian 
bacteriologist, 1854- ]• Same as Piroplasma. 

babesiosis (Jba-be-se-o'-sis). Infection with babesia. 
Same as piroplasmosis. 

Babinski's phenomenon, B.'s reflex (ba-bin'-ske) 
[Jules Babinski, French neurologist, 1857- ]. Ex- 
tension, instead of flexion, of the toes on exciting the 
sole of the foot; it is connected with a lesion of the 
pyramidal tract, and is found in organic, but not in 
hysterical, hemiplegia. Syn., phinomene des orteils. 
B.'s sign, diminution or absence of the Achilles 
tendon reflex in true sciatica as distinguished from 
hysterical sciatica. 

bablabs, bablah (bab'-labz, -lah). The pods of 
Acacia arabica and several other species; they are 
used in coughs; the seeds contain 20 % of tannin. 

babool, babul bark (ba-bool'). The astringent, 
tonic bark of the babul tree, A cacia arabica, of India. 

baby (Jba'-be). An infant, a newborn child, b.- 
farm. An institution for raising orphan and pauper 
infants, b.-farming, the business of receiving and 
caring for the infants of those who, for any reason, 
may be unable or unwilling to bring up their own 
children. 

bacca (bak'-ka) [L.]. A berry. 

Baccefli's method (Jbat-chel'-le) [Guido Baccelli, 
Italian physician, 1832- ]. 1. In echinococcus 
cysts of the liver: aspiration is done on several 
consecutive days, and washings made with a 1 : 1000 
solution of mercury bichloride and a 1 : 100 salt 
solution. 2. In tetanus: hypodermatic injection of a 
solution of phenol. B.'s sign, aphonic pectoriloquy. 
The whispered voice is transmitted through a serous, 
but not through a purulent, pleuritic exudate. 

baccharine (bak'-ar-in). A poisonous alkaloid ob- 
tained from Baccharis coridifolia. 

Baccharis (Jbak'-ar-is) [fiaxKapis, a fragrant herb]. 
A genus of composite trees. B. halimifolia, the 
groundsel-tree, is a shrub of North America. A 
decoction of the leaves and bark is a popular demul- 
cent and pectoral medicine. B. pilularis, kidney 
plant, a native of the Pacific coast of the United 
States, is used in cystitis. 

bacchia (bak'-e-ah, or bak-i'-ah) [Bacchus, the god 
of wine]. A synonym of acne rosacea, a condition 
often found in drunkards, b. rosacea. Synonym of 
acne rosacea. 

bacciform (bak' -si-form) [bacca; forma, form]. 
Berry -shaped. 

Bach's reagent for hydrogen dioxide. This 
consists of two solutions: (a) 0.03 potassium dichro- 
mate and 5 drops of aniline in 1 liter of water; (6) 5 % 
oxalic acid solution. Shake 5 Cc. of the solution to 
be tested with 5 Cc. of solution a and 1 drop of 
solution b; in the presence of hydrogen dioxide a 
violet-red color results. 

bacillac (bas'-il-ak). Trade name of a preparation 
of milk which has been soured by the lactobacillus. 

bacillar, or bacillary (bas'-il-ar; bas'-il-a-re) 
[bacillus]. I. Relating to bacilli or to a bacillus. 2. 
Consisting of or containing rods. 

bacillemia, bacillaemia (bas-il-e'-me-ah) [bacillus; 
dlfia, blood]. The presence of bacilli in the blood. 

bacilli (bas-il'-i) [bacillus]. 1. Plural of bacillus, 



q. v. 2. In pharmacy, cylindrical lozenges made by 
cutting the lozenge mass, and rolling it into a soft 
cylinder, on a pill-machine. 

bacilli-carrier. A person who is apparently in good 
health but who has pathogenic bacteria (such as 
typhoid) in his tissues or secretions and so is able 
to spread the disease. 

bacillicidal (bas-il-is-id 1 '-al) [bacillus, a rod; 
ccedere, to kill]. Destructive to bacilli. 

bacillicide (Jbas-il'-is-id) [bacillus, a rod; ccedere, 
to kill]. 1. Destructive to bacilli. 2. An agent that 
destroys bacilli. 

baciiliculture (bas-il-e-kul'-chur) [bacillus, a rod; 
cultura, cultivation]. 1. The, artificial culture of 
bacilli for the purpose of studying their nature and 
life. 2. A culture containing bacilli. 

bacilliform (bas-il'-if-orm) [bacillus; forma, form]. 
Having the shape or appearance of a bacillus. 

bacilliparous (Jbas-il-Hp'-ar-us) [bacillus; parere, 
to produce]. Producing bacilli. 

bacillogenous (bas-il-oj'-en-us) [bacillus; generare, 
to beget]. Due to bacilli; producing bacilli. 

bacillol {bas'-il-ol). A coal-tar distillation-product 
resembling lysol, its active property being due to 
cresols, of which it contains 52 %. It is an oily 
fluid, of faint alkaline reaction, dark-brown color, 
and odor of pitch, readily soluble in water, with sp. 
gr. of 1. 100, and bactericidal in dilute solution. 
In veterinary practice it is used in 2 % solution. 

bacillophobia (bas-il-o-fo'-be-ah) [bacillus; <j>6fios, 
fear]. Morbid fear of microbes. 

bacillosis (bas-il-o' '-sis) [bacillus]. The condition 
caused by infection with bacilli. 

bacilluria (Jbas-il-u'-re-ah) [bacillus; ovpov, urine]. 
The discharge of urine containing bacilli. 

bacillus (Jbas-il'-us) [dim. of baculus, a rod; pi., 
bacilli]. 1. A genus of the Schizomycetes comprising 
the rod-shaped forms of bacteria. 2. An individual 
of the genus Bacillus. 3. A medicated rod or bougie. 
4. Any rod-like body, or, specifically, one of the 
retinal rods. See Bacilli table of, page in. 

bacillus carrier. See bacilli-carrier. 

back (bak) [ME., bak]. Dorsum; posterior aspect.- 
b.-airing, a term used in hygiene to designate the 
admission of fresh air to traps by means of a separate 
ventilating pipe of small diameter, b.-rest, a cloth- 
covered frame adjusted to any height by means of 
braces and ratchets, designed to relieve bedridden 
patients. 

backache (bak'-ak). Pain in the back. 

backbone (bak'-bon). The vertebral column. 

backset. A relapse of a disease. 

bacony infiltration (ba'-kon-e in-fil-tra'-shun). 
Same as amyloid degeneration. 

bacteria (bak-te'-re-ah). Plural of bacterium 
(<Z- v.). 

Bacteriaceae (bak-te-re-a'-se-e) [bacteria]. The 
Schizomycetes. 

bacterial (bak-te'-re-al). Resembling, of the nature 
of, or derived from bacteria, b. vaccine. See 
bacterine. 

bactericidal (bak-te-ris-id'-al) [bacteria; ccedere, to 
kill]. Destructive to bacteria. 

bactericide (Jbak-te'-ris-id) [bacteria; ccedere, to 
kill], 1. Destructive to bacteria. 2. An agent 
that destroys bacteria. 

bacteridium (bak-ter-id'-e-um) [paKT-hpiov, a little 
stick]. A genus of Bacteriacece characterized by 
immobility of the elements at all periods of their 
existence (Davaine). The distinction does not now 
obtain. 

bacteriemia (bak-te-re-e'-me-ah). The presence of 
bacteria in the blood. 

bacteriform (bak-te' -re-form) [bacterium; forma, 
form]. Shaped like a bacterium. 

bacterination (Jbak-ler-in-a'-shun). Inoculation 
with bacterial vaccines. 

bacterine (bak'-ter-en). Any vaccine prepared 



BACILLI 



111 



BACILLI 



TABLE OF BACILLI. 



Name. 



B. abortus 

B. aceti or aceticus 

B. of Achalme 

B. acidi lactici (Hueppe) 

B. acidi laevolactici (Schardinger) .... 
B. acidificans longissimus (Lafar) .... 

B. acidiformans (Sternberg) 

B. adhaesioformans 

B. aerogenes, I, II, III (Miller) 

B. aerogenes capsulatus (Welch and 

Nuttall). 
B. aerogenes meningitidis (Cantini) . . 

B. aerophilus (Liborius) . .• 

B. albicans pateriformis 

B. albuminis (Bienstock) 

B. albus (Eisenberg) 

B. albus anaerobiescens (Vaughan) . . 
B. albus cadaveris (Strassmann and 

Strieker). 

B. albus putidus (Maschek) 

B. alkaligenes 

B. of Allantiasis (Miiller) 

B. allantoides (Klein) 

B. allii (Griffiths) 

B. of Alopecia Areata (Kasauli and 

Sabourand). 

B. alvei (Cheshire and Cheyne) 

B. amylobacter (Grueber) 

B. amylobacter (Van Senus) 

B. amylobacter (Van Tieghem) 

B. amylovorus (Burrill) 

B. "amylozyme" (Perdrix) 

B. anaerobicus liquefaciens (Sternberg) 

B. antenniformis (Ravenel) 

B. anthracis (Rayer and Davaine) 

B. anthracis claviformis (Chauveau 
and Phisalix). 

B. aquaticus liquefaciens (Podrowsky) 

B. aquatilis (Lustig) 

B. aquatilis (P. and G. C. Frankland) . 

B. aquatilis fluorescens (Lustig) 

B. aquatilis graveolens (Tataroff) .... 

B. aquatilis radiatus (Zimmermann) . 

B. aquatilis solidus (Lustig) 

B. aquatilis sulcatus (Weichselbaum) . 

B. arborescens (P. and G. C. Frank- 
land). 

B. arborescens nonliquefaciens (Rav- 
enel) . 

B. argenteo-phosphorescens (Katz) . . . 

B. argenteo-phosphorescens liquefa- 
ciens (Katz). 

B. aromaticus (Pammel) 

B. aurantiacus (P. and G. C. Frank- 
land). 

B. aurescens (Ravennel) 

B. aureus (Adametz) 

B. avisepticus 

B. "B" (Hoffmann) 

B. baccarinii (Machiati) 

B. of Bang 

B. beri-bericus (Lacerda) 

B. berolinensis indicus (Claessen) 

B. bienstockii (Bienstock) 

B. bifidus 

B. boocopricus (Emmerling) 

B. botulinus 

B. of Bovet 

B. brassicae (Pommer) 

B. brevis (Mori) 

B. bronchicanis 

B. bronchitidis putridae (Lumnitzer) . . 
B. brunneus (Adametz and Wich- 
mann). 

B. buccalis (Vignal) 

B. buccalis maximus (Miller) 

B. bulgaricus 

B. butylicus (Fitz) 

B. butyri fluorescens (Lafar) 



Where Found. 



Characters. 



Uterus of cow 

Air, vinegar 

Blood in acute rheumatic fever. . 

Milk 

Well water 

Distillery yeast-mash 

Liver, yellow-fever cadaver 

Peritoneum 

Healthy alimentary tract 

Blood and viscera in cases of infec- 
tious emphysema. 

Meningitis 

Air and water 

Skin in seborrhea 

Feces 

Water 

Water 

Blood of cadaver 

Water 

Feces 

Poisonous sausage, "Blunzen" . . . 

Air 

Decaying onions 

Hair and scalp 

Bee larvae, foul brood 

Flour 

Fermenting cellulose 

Arable soil, manure 

Pear blight 

Water (Paris) 

Intestines, yellow-fever cadaver. . 

Soil 

Blood in cases of anthrax, water, 

soil. 
Anthrax, soil, etc 



Water 

Water (Aosta) 
Well water (Kent) , 

Water 

Water (Dorpat) . . . 

Water 

Water 

Water (Vienna) . . . 
Water (Thames) . . 

Soil 



Sea-water, decaying fish . 
Sea-water 



On cabbage leaves . 
Well water 



Soil 

Air and water 

Blood of chickens 

Diseased larvae of Liparis mon- 

acha. 
"Mai nero," or gummosis of 

grape-vines. 
Same as B. abortus. 

Blood in cases of beri-beri 

Water (Spree) 

Human feces 

Feces of nurselings 

Cow dung 

Pork, sausage, and other meat . . . 

Intestine in case of enteritis 

Infusions of cabbage 

Sewage (Berlin) 

In cases of canine distemper 

Cases of putrid bronchitis 

Water 



Pathogenic for mammals. 

Zymogenic. 

Specificity disputed. 

Zymogenic. 

Zymogenic. 

Zymogenic. 

Pathogenic. 

Causes pericolonic adhesions. 

Zymogenic. 

Zymogenic. 

Zymogenic, pathogenic. 

Chromogenic (greenish-yellow). 

Saprophytic. 

Zymogenic. 

Saprophytic. 

Saprophytic. 

Pathogenic. 

Zymogenic 

Nonpathogenic. 

Pathogenic, zymogenic. 

Saprophytic. 

Zymogenic, chromogenic (green) 

Pathogenic, chromogenic (brick 

red). 
Pathogenic. 
Zymogenic. 
Symbiotic-zymogenic. 
Zymogenic. 

Zymogenic, phyto-pathogenic. 
Zymogenic. 

Pathogenesis undetermined. 
Saprophytic. 
Pathogenic, zymogenic. 

Pathogenic, zymogenic. 

Saprophytic. 

Zymogenic. 

Saprophytic. 

Saprophytic. 

Chromogenic (yellowish). 

Saprophytic. 

Zymogenic. 

Saprophytic. 

Zymogenic, chromogenic 

(orange). 
Saprophytic. 

: Photogenic. 
! Photogenic. 

Zymogenic. 

Chromoparous (red-orange). 

Saprophytic. 

Chromogenic (golden-yellow). 
Pathogenic for birds, rabbits. 
Pathogenic. 

Phytopathogenic. 



Saprophytic. 

Chromoparous (indigo-blue). 
Pathogenic. 

Zymogenic. 

Pathogenic through its toxin. 

Pathogenic. 

Saprophytic. 

Pathogenic. 



Normal human saliva . . . 
Mouth of man, common . 

Milk 

On cereals, common. . . . 
Milk, butter 



Pathogenic. 
Saprophytic. 



Chromogenic (golden-yellow). 
Saprophytic. 

Zymogenic. 
Chromoparous (green). 



BACILLI 



112 



BACILLI 



TABLE OF BACILLI.— {Continued.) 



Name. 



B. butyricus (Prazmowski) 

B. "C" (Foutin) 

B. cadaver is (Sternberg) 

B. canalis capsulatus (Mori) 

B. canalis parvus (Mori) 

B. candicans (Frankland) 

B. of Canestrini 

B. capsulatus (Mori) 

B. capsulatus mucosus (Fasching) 

B. capsulatus smithii (Theobald Smith) 

B. carabiformis (Kaczynsky) 

B. carnicolor (Tils) 

B. carotarum (A. Koch) 

B. caucasicus (Kern) (Syn. B. Kephir, 
Sorokin) . 

B. caulivorus (Galloway) 

B. caviar fortuitus (Sternberg) 

B. cavicidus havaniensis (Sternberg) . . 

B. cavicidus (Brieger) 

B. of Cazal and Vaillard 

B. of Chancroid (Ducrey) 

B. chauvsei (Bollinger and Feser) 



B. of Cholera in Ducks (Cornil and 

Toupet). 
B. choleroides (Bujwid) 

B. chromo-aromaticus (Galtier) 

B. of Chyluria (Wilson) 

B. cinctus (Ravenel) 

B. circulans (Jordan) 

B. cloacae (Jordan) 

B. coeruleus (A. J. Smith) 

B. coeruleus (Voges) 

B. coli communior 

B. coli communis (Escherich) 

B. coli concentricus (Fitzpatrick) 

B. coli icteroides (Fitzpatrick) 

B. coli similis (Sternberg) 

B. of Colomiatti 

B. of Conjunctival Catarrh (Koch) . . . 

B. constrictus (Zimmermann) 

B. coprogenes fcetidus (Schottelius) . . . 
B. coprogenes parvus (Eisenberg) .... 

B. corallinus (Slater) 

B. corticallis (Haenlein) 

B. crassus aromaticus (Tataroff) 

B. crassus sputigenus (Kreibohm) 

B. cuneatus (Rivolta) 

B. cuniculicidus (Koch and Gaffky) . . 

B. cuticularis (Tils) 

B. cuticularis albus (Tataroff) 

B. cyaneo-fiuorescens (Zangemeister) . . 

B. cyaneo-fuscus (Beyerinck) 

B. cyaneo-phosphorescens (Katz) 

B. cyanogenus (Ehrenburg-Hueppe) . . . 

-B. cyanogenus (Jordan) 

B. cystiformis (Clado) 

B. "D" (Foutin) 

B. of Dantec 

B. delicatulus (Jordan) 

B. of Demme 

B. dendriticus (Bordoni-Uffreduzzi) . . . 
B. denitrificans (Giltray and Aberson) 

B. dentalis viridans (Miller) 

B. devorans (Zimmermann) 

B. dianthi (Arthur and Bolley) 

B. diatrypeticus casei (Baumann) 

B. diffusus (P. and G. C. Frankland) . . 



Where Found. 



Ropy milk, water, soil 

Hailstones 

Yellow-fever cadaver 

Sewage (Berlin) 

Sewage (Berlin) 

Soil 

Diseased bees 

Sewage (Berlin) 

Nasal secretions, influenza (man) . 

Intestines of swine 

Stomach of dog 

Water (Freiburg) 

Carrots and beets 

Kephir granules 

Potatoes and pelargoniums ...... 

Guinea-pigs, exudates after inocu- 
lation with liver of yellow-fever 
cadaver. 

Intestine of yellow-fever cadaver. 

Human feces 

Cheesy nodules of peritoneum 
and pancreas. 

Soft chancres 

Tissues of animals with "quarter 
evil." 

Blood of ducks 

Water 

Diseased pig 

Chylous urine 

Soil 

Water 

Water and in corn affected with 
"Burrill's disease." 

Water (Schuylkill) 

Water 

A form of B. coli communis, but 
with different cultural proper- 
ties. 

Intestines of men and animals 
(common) . 

Alimentary tract in yellow-fever 
cases. 

Yellow-fever cadaver 

Human liver 

Conjunctivitis and xerotic masses 
in eye. 

Cases of "pink eye" 

Water (Chemnitz) 

Earth and intestines of hogs 

Human feces 

Atmospheric dust 

Sour pine-bark liquor 

Water (Dorpat) 

Human sputum 

Carcasses of domestic animals . . . 

Water (Panke) 

Water (Freiburg) 

Water (Dorpat) 

Blue milk 

Blue cheese ; glue 

Sea-water 

Blue milk 

Water 

Urine in case of cystitis 

Hailstones 

Salt codfish which has turned red. 

Water (Lawrence) 

Blood in cases of erythema nodo- 
sum. 

Water (Turin) 

Soil and air 

Carious dentine 

Well-water 

Bacteriosis of carnations 

Cheese 

Soil and water 



Characters. 



Zymogenic. 

Chromoparous (reddish-yellow). 

Pathogenic. 

Pathogenic. 

Pathogenic. 

Saprophytic. 

Pathogenic, chromogenic (pink). 

Pathogenic. 

Pathogenic. 

Saprophytic. 

Saprophytic. 

Chromogenic (flesh-color) . 

Saprophytic. 

Symbiotic-cymogenic with Sac- 

charomyces kefir. 
Phytopathologic. 
Saprophytic. 



Pathogenic. 
Pathogenic. 
Pathogenic. 

No growth in artificial cultures. 
Pathogenic, symbiotic-zymogenic 

with Micrococcus acidi para- 

lactici. 
Pathogenic. 

Pathogenic, methyl mercaptan 

odor. 
Pathogenic. 

Pathogenesis undetermined. 
Zymogenic, chromogenic (bright 

yellow) . 
Zymogenic. 
Zymogenic. 

Chromogenic (blue). 
Chromoparous (blue). 



Pathogenic. 

Pathogenic. 

Pathogenic. 

Saprophytic. 

Saprophytic. 

Pathogenic. 

Chromogenic (cadmium-yellow) 

Pathogenic, zymogenic. 

Pathogenic. 

Chromoparous (coral-red). 

Zymogenic. 

Zymogenic, fruit-like odor. 

Pathogenic. 

Pathogenic. 

Pathogenic. 

Chromoparous (yellow). 

Saprophytic. 

Chromoparous (blue). 

Chromoparous (blue). 

Photogenic, chromoparous 

(green). 
Chromoparous (blue). 
Chromoparous (blue). 
Pathogenesis undetermined. 
Saprophytic. 
Chromogenic (red). 
Zymogenic, thermophilous. 
Pathogenic. 

Saprophytic. 

Zymogenic. 

Pathogenic. 

Saprophytic. 

Phytopathogenic. 

Zymogenic. 

Chromogenic (greenish-yellow). 



BACILLI 



113 



BACILLI 



TABLE OF BACILLI.— (Continued.) 



Name. 



Where Found. 



Characters. 



B. diphtheriae (Klebs and Loeffler) . . . 
B. diphtheriae columbarum (Loeffler) . . 
B. diphtheriae vitulorum (Loeffler) 
B. dysenteriae (Chantemesse and 

Widal). 

B. dysodes (Zopf) 

B. Eberth's. See B. typhi abdominalis. 
B. endocarditidis capsulatus (Weich- 

selbaum). 

B. enteritidis (Gaertner) 

B. entomotoxicon (Duggar) 



B. epidermidis (Bizzozero) 

B. erodens (Ravenel) 

B. erysipelatos leporis (Koch) 

B. erysipelatos suis (Koch) | 

B. erythrosporus (Eidam) j 

B. ethaceticus (P. Frankland, Fox, | 

and Macgregor). 
B. ethaceto-succinicus (P. Frankland 

and Frew). 
B. expneumo-enteritide suis (Klein) . . . 
B. facultatus (Sadebach and Fraenkel) 



B. figurans (Vaughan) 

B. filiformis (Tils) 

B. filiformis havaniensis (Sternberg) . 

B. of Fiocca 

B. fissuratus (Ravenel) 

B. fitzianus (Zopf) 

B. flavescens (Pohl) 

B. flavocoriaceus (Adametz and Wich- 
mann) . 

B. flavus (Mace) 

B. fluorescens albus 

B. fluorescens aureus (Zimmermann) . 
B. fluorescens liquefaciens (Fluegge) . 



B. fluorescens longus (Zimmermann) . 
B. fluorescens minutissimus 



B. fluorescens nivalis (Schmolck) .... 
B. fluorescens nonliquefaciens (Eisen- 
berg and Krueger). 

B. fluorescens ovalis (Ravenel) 

B. fluorescens putidus (Fluegge) 



B. fluorescens tenuis (Zimmermann) 
B. fluorescens undulatus (Ravenel) . 

B. foetkius (Passet) 

B. foetidus lactis (Jensen) 

B. foetidus ozaenae (Hajek) 

B. formosus (Ravenel) 

B. of Fulles 

B. fulvus (Zimmermann) 

B. fuscus (Schroetter) 



Diphtheric membranes 

Diphtheric exudates in pigeons. . . 
Diphtheric exudates in calves. . . . 
Intestines in dysentery cadavers . . 

Bread 

Viscera in cases of endocarditis . . . 

Intestines in allantiasis 

Diseased squash-bugs (Anasatris- 
tis). 

Epidermis between toes 

Soil 

Erysipelas in rabbit 

Erysipelas in hogs 

Putrefying egg-albumen, water . . . 
Sheep-dung 



In a solution of ammonio-ferric 
citrate. 

Swine with hog cholera 

In nonmalignant pharyngeal my- 
cosis. 

Water 

Water (Freiburg) 

Liver of yellow-fever cadaver 

Saliva of cats and dogs 

Soil 

Hay-dust, manure, soil 

Marsh water 

Water 

Water 

Water 

Water 

Air and water 



Water 

Water, decomposing infusions . 



Glacier ice and water. 
Water and in butter . 



B. fuscus (Zimmermann) 

B. fuscus limbatus (Scheibenzuber) . . 
B. gangliformis (Ravenel) 



B. gasoformans (Eisenberg) Water 



B. gaytoni (Cheshire) 

B. geminus major (Ravenel) 

B. geminus minor (Ravenel) 

B. ginglymus (Ravenel) 

B. glaucus (Maschek) 

B. "Golden-yellow Water" (Adametz 
and Wichmann). 

B. gossypinus (Stedman) 

B. gracilis (Zimmermann) 

B. gracilis anaerobiescens (Vaughan) . . 

B. gracilis cadaveris (Sternberg) 

B. granulatus (Babes) 

B. granulosus (Russell) 

B. graveolens (Bordoni-Uffreduzzi) . . . 

B. of Grouse Disease (Klein) 

B. of Guillebeau (Freudenreich) 



Soil 

Water 

Water 

Soil 

Soil 

Milk in Jutland dairies. . 
Nasal secretions in ozena . 

Soil 

Soil 

Air and water 

Putrid infusions of maize. 

Air and water 

Rotten eggs, water 

Soil. 



Diseased honey-bees . 

Soil 

Soil 

Soil 

Water 

Water 



B. gummosus (Happ) 

B. guttatus (Zimmermann) 
B. "h" (Rosenberg) 



Bacteriosis of cotton plant 

Water 

I Water 

Human liver 

Air 

Sea-mud 

Epidermis between toes 

; Viscera of diseased grouse 

. Ropy milk and inflamed udders of 
cows. 

Ropy infusions of digitalis 

Water 

Water (Main) 



Pathogenic. 
Pathogenic. 
Pathogenic. 
Pathogenic. 

Zymogenic. 

Pathogenic. 

Zymogenic, pathogenic. 
Pathogenic. 

Saprophytic. 

Saprophytic. 

Pathogenic. 

Pathogenic. 

Chromoparous (red). 

Zymogenic. 

Zymogenic. 

Pathogenic. 

Pathogenesis undetermined. 

Saprophytic. 

Saprophytic. 

Saprophytic. 

Pathogenic. 

Chromoparous (yellow) . 

Zymogenic. 

Chromogenic (yellow). 

Chromogenic (sulphur-yellow). 

Chromogenic (golden-yellow) . 

Chromoparous (yellow). 

Chromoparous (pale yellow). 

Zymogenic, chromoparous (fluor- 
escent green). 

Chromoparous (yellowish-green). 

Zymogenic, chromogenic (blue- 
green) . 

Chromoparous (green). 

Zymogenic, chromoparous (fluor- 
escent-green) . 

Saprophytic. 

Zj'mogenic, chromoparous (yel- 
low). 

Chromoparous (greenish-yellow). 

Saprophytic. 

Saprophytic. 

Zymogenic. 

Pathogenic. 

Saprophytic. 

Saprophytic. 

Chromogenic (gamboge-yellow). 

Zymogenic, chromogenic (yel- 
low). 

Chromogenic (chrome-yellow). 

Chromogenic (brown). 

Zymogenic. 

Zymogenic, chromogenic (dark- 
yellow) . 

Pathogenic. 

Saprophytic. 

Saprophytic. 

Saprophytic. 

Chromogenic (gray). 

Chromogenic (shining yellow). 

Phytopathogenic. 

Saprophytic. 

Saprophytic. 

Pathogenic. 

Chromoparous. 

Saprophytic. 

Saprophytic. 

Pathogenic. 

Zymogenic, pathogenic. 

Zymogenic. 
Saprophytic. 
Chromoparous (violet). 



BACILLI 



114 



BACILLI 



TABLE OF BACILLI.— (Continued.) 



Name. 



Where Found. 



Characters. 



B. halophilus (Russell) 

B. hansenii (Raspmussen) 

B. havaniensis (Sternberg) 

B. havaniensis liquefaciens (Sternberg) 

B. of Havelburg 

B. helvolus (Zimmermann) 

B. heminecrobiophilus (Arloing) 

B. hepaticus fortuitus (Sternberg) . . . . 



B. hominis capsulatus (Bordoni- 

Uffreduzzi). 
B. of Horse-pox (Dieckerhoff and 

Grawitz) . 
B. hyacinthi septicus (Heinz) 

B. hyalinus (Jordan) . . . . 

B. hydrophilus fuscus (Sanarelli) 

B. of Ice-cream Poisoning (Vaughan 

and Perkins). 
B. icteroides (Sanarelli) 

B. of Icterus (Karlinsky and Ducamp) . 
B. ilidzensis capsulatus (Karlinsky) . . . 

B. implexus (Zimmermann) 

B. incanus (Pohl) 

B. indicus (Koch) 

B. indigoferus (Claessen) 

B. indigoferus (Voges) 

B. indigogenes (Alparez) 

B. inflatus (A. Koch) 

B. influenza? (Pfeiffer) 

B. of Intestinal Diphtheria of Rabbits 
(Ribbert). 

B. intestinus motilis (Sternberg) 

B. inunctus (Pohl) 

B. invisibilis (Vaughan) 

B. iridescens (Tataroff) 

B. janthinus (Zopf) 

B. of Jefferies . . 

B. of Jequirity Ophthalmia (de Wecker 

and Sattler). 
B. of Kartulis 

B. "Kiel." See B. ruber kielensis. 

B. of Kitasato. See B. pestis bubonicce 

B. of Koubasoff 

B. lacmus (Schroeter) 

B. lactis acidi (Marpmann) 

B. lactis aerogenes (Abelous) 

B. lactis albus (Loeffler) 

B. lactis cyanogenus (Hueppe) 

B. lactis erythrogenes (Hueppe and 
Baginsky). 

B. lactis peptonans (Sterling) 

B. lactis pituitosi (Loeffler) 

B. lactis saponacei (Weigmann and 
Zirn). 

B. lactis viscosus (Adametz) 

B. of Laser 

B. latericeus (Adametz and Wich- 
mann) . 

B. Lemon-yellow (Maschek) 

B. leporis lethalis (Gibier and Stern- 
berg). 

B. leprae (Armauer and Hansen) 

B. leptosporus (L. Klein) 

B. of Lesage 

B. lethalis (Babes) 

B. of Letzerich 

B. of Lichen ruber (Laser) 

B. limbatus acidi lactici (Marpmann) , 

B. limosus (Russell) , 

B. liodermos (Loeffler) 

B. liquefaciens (Eisenberg) , 



Sea-mud 

Air and water 

Water 

Epidermis 

Stomach of yellow-fever cadaver . 

Water 

Callous lymphatic glands hi 
guinea-pig. 

Exudate of guinea-pig after in- 
oculation with liver of yellow- 
fever cadaver. 

Cadaver of a rag-picker 

Pustules of horses having acne 

contagiosa. 
White rust of hyacinth bulbs and 

onions. 

Water, sewage 

Well water (Sienna) 

Ice cream and cheese . . . 

Alimentary tract, yellow-fever 
cadaver. 

Blood in case of infectious icterus . 

Hot sulphur springs (Ilidze, Bos- 
nia). 

Water 

Swamp-water 

Stomach, E. Indian ape 

Water 

Water 

Infusion of indigo-plant leaves . . . 

Air 

Air; nasal secretions in influenza . 
Rabbits 

Intestine, yellow-fever cadaver . . . 

Swamp-water 

Water 

Water 

Water (Panke) . . . , 

Alvine discharges in summer diar- 
rhea. 

Infusions of jequirity seed and in 
jequirity ophthalmia. 

Conjunctiva in Egyptian catarrhal 
conjunctivitis. 



Carcinoma of stomach 

Water 

Milk 

Alimentary tract in healthy 
persons. 

Milk 

Blue milk 

Red milk 

Pasteurized milk 

Slimy milk 

Soapy milk 

Water and ropy milk 

Diseased mice 

Water. 

Water 

Intestines of yellow-fever cadaver 

Leprous tubercles 

Air 

Green alvine discharges in infants 
Tissues in case of septicemia .... 

Urine in nephritis 

Lymph in Lichen ruber 

Milk'. 

Sea-water and mud 

Water and milk 

Water, frequent 



Saprophytic. 

Chromogenic (yellow). 

Chromogenic (blood-red). 

Chromogenic (blood-red) . 

Zymogenic. 

Chromogenic (Naples-yellow) 

Pathogenic. 

Saprophytic. 



Pathogenic. 

Pathogenic. 

Phy topathogenic . 

Saprophytic. 

Pathogenic. 

Pathogenic. 

Pathogenic, zymogenic, produces 

amaril. 
Pathogenesis undetermined. 
Thermophilous. 

Saprophytic. 
Saprophytic. 

Chromoparous (red-yellow) . 
Chromogenic (indigo-blue). 
Chromoparous (blue). 
Pathogenic, zymogenic, chromo- 
parous (indigo-blue). 
Saprophytic. 
Pathogenic. 
Pathogenic. 

Saprophytic. 

Saprophytic. 

Saprophytic. 

Chromogenic (greenish-yellow) . 

Zymogenic, chromoparous (vio 

let). 
Saprophytic. 

Saprophytic. 

Pathogenesis undetermined. 



Pathogenic. 
Chromoparous (blue). 
Zymogenic. 
Zymogenic. 

Saprophytic. 

Chromoparous (blue, triphenyl- 

rosanilin) . 
Chromoparous (red). 

Zymogenic. 
Zymogenic. 
Zymogenic. 

Zymogenic. 
Pathogenic. 
Chromogenic (brick-red). 

Chromogenic (lemon-yellow). 
Pathogenic. 

Pathogenic. 

Saprophytic. 

Pathogenic. 

Pathogenic. 

Pathogenic. 

Pathogenesis undetermined. 

Saprophytic. 

Saprophytic. 

Zymogenic. 

Saprophytic. 



BACILLI 



115 



BACILLI 



TABLE OF BACILLI.— (Continued.) 



Name. 



Where Found. 



Characters. 



B. liquefaciens bovis (Arloing) 

B. liquefaciens communis (Sternberg) . 
B. liquefaciens lactis amari (Freuden- 

reich). 
B. liquefaciens magnus (Luederitz) . . . 
B. liquefaciens parvus (Luederitz) .... 
B. liquidus (P. and G. C. Frankland) . 

B. litoralis (Russell) 

B. lividus (Plagge and Proskauer) .... 

B. lucens (Van Tieghem) 

B. of Lucet 

B. of Lungs of Cattle 

B. lupuliperda (Behrens) 

B. of Lustgarten 

B. luteus (Dobrzyniecki) 

B. luteus (Fluegge) 

B. luteus suis (Salmon and Smith) .... 
B. of Lymph in Fishes (Oliver and 
Richet). 

B. lyssae (Pasteur) 

B. magenta (Pearmain and Moor) .... 

B. maidis (Cuboni) 

B. malariae (Klebs and Tommasi- 
Crudeli). 

B. mallei (Loeffler) 

B. marsiliensis (Rietsch and Jobert) . . 

B. martinez (Sternberg) 

B. of Measles (Canon and Pielicke) . . . 

B. of Meconium 

B. megaterium (de Bary) 

B. megatherium (Ravenel) 

B. melanosporus (Eidam) 

B. melitensis 

B. melochloros (Winkler and Schroeter) 

B. membranaceus amethystinus (Eis- 

enberg). 
B. meningitidis purulent^ (Naumann 

and Schaeffer). 

B. merismopoedioides (Zopf) 

B. mesentericus fuscus (Fluegge) 

B. mesentericus niger (Biel and Lunt) . 
B. mesentericus ruber (Globig) 

B. mesentericus vulgatus (Fluegge) . . . 

B. of Miller 

B. mirabilis (Hauser) 

B. mollusci (Domenico) 

B. mucosis capsulatis (Friedlander) . . . 

B. mucosus ozaenae (Lowenberg) 

B. multiformis trichorrhexidis (Ho- 

dara) . 

B. multipediculosus (Fluegge) 

B. murisepticus (Gaffky) 

B. murisepticus pleomorphus (Karlin- 

sky). 

B. muscoides (Liborius) 

B. mycoides (Fluegge) 

B. mycoides roseus (Scholl) 

B. necrophorus (Loeffler) 

B. of Necrosis of Liver in Badgers 

(Eberth). 
B. of Necrosis of Liver in Guinea-pigs 

(Eberth). 

B. of Nocard 

B. No. 41 (Conn) 

B. nodosus parvus (Lustgarten) 

B. nubilus (P. and G. C. Frankland) . . 

B. ochraceus (Zimmermann) 

B. oedematis aerobicus (Klein) ....... 

B. cedematis maligni (Pasteur, Jou- 
bert, and Chamberlain). (Vibrion 
septique of the French.) 

B. oleae (Prillieux and Bioletti) 

B. oleae tuberculosis (Savartane) 



Lungs of diseased ox 

Yellow-fever feces 

Bitter cream 

Mice inoculated with soil 

Mice inoculated with soil 

Water (Thames, common) 

Sea-mud 

Water (Berlin) 

Water 

Dysentery of fowls 

Cattle 

Hops that had become "warm". . 

Syphilitic lesions 

Carious teeth 

Air 

Perivisceral fluid of hogs 

Fishes 

Hydrophobic saliva 

Water 

Feces of pellagra patients 

Air and soil; Roman campagnia. . 

Cases of glanders 

Swine and ferrets affected with 

plague. 
Liver of yellow-fever cadaver. . . . 

Blood in cases of measles 

Meconium 

Water and soil 

Soil 

Air 

Spleen 

Wormy apples 

Well-water (Spolato) 

Pus in case of purulent meningitis 

Sewage, soil 

Air, water, soil, hay-dust 

Potatoes 

Water, and on potatoes 

Air, water, milk, potatoes; fre- 
quent. 

Intestinal tract of healthy persons 

Decaying animal matter 

Molluscum contagiosum 

Lungs in pneumonia infrequent . . 

Mucous membrane of nostrils 

Diseased hairs in trichorrhexis 
nodosa barba. 

Air and water 

Water (Panke) 

Uterine discharges 

Water, soil, cow-dung 

Soil, water, hail 

Soil 

Eye of rabbit inoculated with 

condyloma. 
Badger 

Guinea-pigs 

Abscesses in cattle having farcy. . 

Butter 

Healthy human urethra 

Water (Thames) 

Water 

Exudates of guinea-pigs inocu- 
lated with garden soil. 

Soil, dust, intestines of man and 
mammals, also in musk. 

Disease of olive tree ("olive- 
knot"). 
Disease of olive tree 



Pathogenic. 

Saprophytic. 

Zymogenic. 

Zymogenic. 

Saprophytic. 

Saprophytic. 

Saprophytic. 

Chromoparous (blue). 

Saprophytic. 

Pathogenic. 

Pathogenesis undetermined. 

Thermogenic, zymogenic, odor 

of trimethylamin. 
Specific pathogenesis disputed. 
Chromoparous (yellow). 
Chromoparous (yellow). 
Chromogenic (yellowish-red). 
Pathogenesis undetermined. 

Specific pathogenesis disputed. 
Chromogenic (carmin or mag- 
enta) . 
Saprophytic. 
Saprophytic 

Pathogenic. 
Pathogenic. 

Saprophytic. 

Pathogenesis undetermined. 
Saprophytic. 
Zymogenic. 
Chromogenic (brown). 
Chromogenic (black). 
Pathogenic for Malta fever. 
Pathogenic, chromogenic (emer- 
ald-green). 
Chromoparous (dark violet). 

Pathogenic. 

Saprophytic. 
Zymogenic. 
Chromoparous (black). 
Zymogenic, chromogenic (pink 

to red). 
Zymogenic. 

Zymogenic. 

Pathogenic. 

Pathogenesis disputed. 

Pathogenic. 

Saprophytic. 

Pathogenic. 

Saprophytic. 

Pathogenic. 

Pathogenic. 

Saprophytic. 
Zymogenic. 
Chromogenic (red). 
Pathogenic. 

Pathogenesis undetermined. 

Pathogenesis undetermined. 

Pathogenic. 

Zymogenic. 

Saprophytic. 

Saprophytic. 

Saprophytic. 

Pathogenic. 

Zymogenic. 



Phy topathogenic . 
Phytopathogenic. 



BACILLI 



116 



BACILLI 



TABLE OF BACILLI.— (Continued.) 



Name. 



Where Found. 



Characters. 



B. oogenes fluorescens (Zoerken- 

doerf er) . 
B. oogenes hydrosulphuricus (Zoerken- 

doerfer). 
B. "Orange-red" (Adametz and Wich- 

mann) . 

B. orthobutylicus (Grimbert) 

B. of Osteomyelitis (Kraske and 

Becker). 

B. ovatus minutissimus (Unna) 

B. oxalaticus (Zopf) 

B. oxytocus perniciosus (Wyssoko- 

witsch). 

B. panificans (Laurent) 

B., Paracolon (Gwyn) 

B. paratyphosus (Archard and Ben- 

saud) . 

B. parvus ovatus (Loeffler) 

B. (saccharo-bacillus) pastorianus 

(Van Laer). 

B. peptofaciens (Bernstein) 

B. of Perez 

B. pestifer (Frankland) 

B. pestis bubonicae (Kitasato and 

Vers in). 

B. phaseoli (E. F. Smith) 

B. phlegmonis emphysematosi 

(Fraenkel). 

B. phosphorescens (Fischer) 

B. phosphorescens gelidus (Foerster) . . 
B. phosphorescens indicus (Fischer) . . . 
B. phosphorescens indigenus (Fischer) . 

B. phosphoreus (Cohn) 

B. phylloxericidus (Dubois) 

B. pinnatus (Ravenel) 

B. pituitosi (Loeffler) 

B. plicatus (Zimmermann) 

B. pneumoniae friedlanderi (Friedlan- 

der). 

B. pneumonicus agilis (Schou) 

B. pneumosepticus (Babes) 

B. polymyxus (Prazmowsk-i) 

B. polypiformis (Liborius) 

B. prausnitzii 

B. prodigiosus (Ehrenberg) 

B. proteus fluorescens (Jaeger) 

B. of Pseudodiphtheria (Belfanti) 

B. pseudoedema (Liborius) 

B. Pseudopneumonicus (Fluegge) 

B. pseudosepticus (Bienstock) 

B. pseudotuberculosis (Pfeiffer) 

B. pseudotuberculosis (Rabinowitsch) . 
B. pseudotuberculosis in Rabbits 

(Eberth). 
B. pseudotuberculosis rodentium 

(Pfeiffer). 
B. psittacosis (Widal and Sicard) 

B. puerperalis (Engel and Spillmann) . 

B. pulpae pyogenes (Miller) 

B. punctatus (Zimmermann) 

B. of Purpura haemorrhagica (Babes 
and Kolb). 

B. putrificus coli (Bienstock) 

B. of Pyemia (Beltzow) 

B. pyocyaneus (Gessard) 

B. pyogenes foetidus (Passet) 

B. pyogenes soli (Bolton) 

B. radiatus (Luederitz) 

B. radiatus aquatilis (Zimmermann) . . 
B. radicicola (Byerinck) 

B. radiciformis (Tataroff) 

B. radicosus (Zimmermann) 

B. ramosus (P. and G. C. Frankland) 



Rotten eggs 

Rotten eggs 

Water 

Fermenting leguminous seeds 
Cases of osteomyelitis 

Skin in eczema seborrhoeicum . . . . 

Air 

Milk 

Bread 

Blood in infections resembling 

typhoid fever. 
In case of paratyphoid 

Carcass of hog 

Beer-wort 

Milk 

In cases of ozena 

Air 

Blood and lymphatics in bubonic 
plague. 

Parasitic on legumes 

Pus in emphysema 

Sea-water 

Luminous sea-fish 

Sea-water 

Sea-water, and on fishes 

Sea-water, and on fishes 

Soil, manure 

Soil 

See B. lactis pituitos. 

Water 

Pulmonary exudates in croupous 
pneumonia. 

Pneumonia of rabbit 

Blood in case of septic pneu- 
monia. 

Vegetable infusions 

Cow-dung . 

Water, soil 

Food materials, etc 

Viscera of diseased fowls 

Human mouth and throat 

Mice inoculated with garden soil . 

Pus 

Exudates in mice inoculated with 
feces. 

Viscera of horse 

Butter 

Tuberculosis nodule in rabbits . . . 

Found in rats ; 

Blood of parrots and human 
beings having psittacosis. 

Cases of puerperal sepsis 

Gangrenous tooth pulp 

Water (Chemnitz) . 

Viscera of purpura cadaver 

Water, feces 

Blood in pyemia 

Air, dust, water, pus 

Pus 

Exudates of rat inoculated with 

garden soil. 
Exudates of mice and guinea-pigs 

inoculated with garden soil. 

Water 

Tubercles of leguminous plants, 

arable soil. 

Water 

Water 

Soil, water (Thames) 



Zymogenic, chromoparous (pale 

green). 
Zymogenic. 

Chromoparous (orange-red). 

Zymogenic. 
Pathogenic. 

Saprophytic. 
Chromogenic (ocherous). 
Pathogenic. 

Zymogenic. 
Pathogenic. 

Pathogenic. 

Pathogenic. 
Zymogenic. 

Zymogenic 
Pathogenic. 
Saprophytic. 
Pathogenic. 

Zymogenic. 
Pathogenic. 

Photogenic. 

Photogenic. 

Photogenic. 

Photogenic. 

Photogenic. 

Pathogenic to phylloxera.. 

Zymogenic. 

Chromogenic (grayish). 
Pathogenic, zymogenic. 

Pathogenic. 
Pathogenic. 

Saprophytic. 

Saprophytic. 

Saprophytic. 

Zymogenic, chromogenic (red). 

Pathogenic. 

Saprophytic. 

Pathogenic. 

Pathogenic. ' 

Pathogenic. 

Pathogenic. 
Pathogenic. 
Pathogenesis undetermined. 

Closely allied to B. pestis. 

Pathogenic. 

Pathogenic. 
Pathogenic. 
Saprophytic. 
Pathogenic. 

Zymogenic. 

Pathogenic. 

Pathogenic, zymogenic, chromo- 
parous (blue to verdigris- 
green, pyocyanin). 

Pathogenic, zymogenic. 

Saprophytic. 

Saprophytic. 

Chromogenic (ochre-yellow). 
Zymogenic. 

Saprophytic. 
Saprophytic. 
Zymogenic. 



BACILLI 



117 



BACILLI 



TABLE OF BACILLI.— (Continued.) 



Name. 



B. ramosus (Eisenberg and Fraenkel) 
B. ramosus liquefaciens (Fluegge) . . . 

B. ranicida (Ernst) 

B. reticularis (Jordan) 

B. rheumarthritidis (Kuessmaul) .... 



B. "Rhine water" (Burri) 

B. rhinitis atrophicus 

B. rhinoscleromatis (Cornil and Al- 
varez) . 
B. rodonatus (Ravenel) 



Where Found. 



"Der rothe Bacillus" (Lustig) . 
B. rubefaciens (Zimmermann) 
B. rubellus (Okada) 



B. ruber (Frank) 

B. ruber kielensis (Breunig) 

B. ruber ovatus (Bruyning) 

B. rubescens (Jordan) 

B. rubidus (Eisenberg) 

B. saccharo-butyricus (von Klecki) . . . 
B. sanguinis typhi (Brannan and 

Cheesman) . 
B. saprogenes (Rosenbach) 



B. saprogenes vini (Kramer) 
B. satellitis 



B. of Scarlet Fever (Crooke) 

B. schafferi (Freudenreich) 

B. of Scheurlen 

B. of Schimmelbusch 

B. schutzenbergii 

B. scissus (Frankland) 

B. of Seborrhea (Sabouraud) 

B. secalis (Burrill) 

B. "Seidenglanzender" (Tataroff) , 
B. of Senile Gangrene (Tricomi) . 



B. septicaemia? haemorrhagicae (Stern- 
berg) . 

B. septicus acuminatus (Babes) 

B. septicus agrigenus (Nicolaier) .... 
B. septicus keratomalaciae (Babes) . . . 



B. septicus sputi (Kreibohm) 

B. septicus sputigenus (Fluegge) 

B. septicus ulceris gangraenosi (Babes) 



B. septicus vesicae (Clado) 

B. sessilis (Klein) 

B. smaragdinus phosphorescens (Katz) 

B. smaragdinus foetidus (Reimann) . . . 
B. of Smegma (Bunge and Trauten- 
roth). 

B. solanacearum (E. F. Smith) 

B. solidus (Luederitz) 



B. solitarius (Ravenel) 

B. sorghi (Kellermann and Swingle) . . 
B. of Southern Cattle Plague (F. S. 

Billings). 

B. spiniferus (Unna) . 

B. stolonatus (Adametz and Wich- 

mann) . 

B. stoloniferus (Pohl) 

B. striatus albus (von Besser) 

B. striatus flavus (von Besser) 

B. striatus viridis (Ravenel) 

B. stuetzeri (Lehmann and Neumann) 

B. suaveolens 

B. subflavus (Zimmermann) 

B. subtilis (Ehrenberg) 

B. subtilis simulans (Bienstock) 

B. of Sugar-beet Disease (Arthur and 

Golden). 

B. sulph-hydrogenus (Miquel) 

B. sulphureum, I (Holschewnikoff) . . . 
B. sulphureum, II (Holschewnikoff) . . 
B. superficialis (Jordan) 



Water 

Air, water 

Water; frogs dead of septicemia. . 

Sewage 

Effusions in joints in articular 
rheumatism. 

Water (Rhine) 

Nasal secretions 

Tubercles in rhinoscleroma 



Soil. 



Water 

Water 

Guinea-pigs after inoculation with 
street dust. 

Water 

Water (Kiel) 

Blighted sorghum 

Sewage 

Water 

In "Quargelkase" 

Blood in typhus fever 



Decaying animal matter, fetid 

feet, etc. 

Wine 

In intestinal ulcers in typhoid 

fever. 
Throat in anginose scarlet fever. . 
"Puffy" and "Nissler" cheese. . . . 

Mammary epithelia 

Necrotic tissues in noma 

Sewage 

Soil 



Hair and scalp 

See B. zea. 

Well-water (Dorpat) 

Blood and tissues in cases of senile 

gangrene. 
Blood in septicemia 



Characters. 



Blood in septic infection 

Garden soil 

Cadaver; septicemia following 

ker ato -malac ia. 

Human saliva 

Healthy and pneumonic sputum . . 
Cadaver: septicemia following 

gangrene. 

Urine in cystitis 

Blood of cow 

On luminous fishes 



Nasal secretions in ozena 
Smegma 



Brown rot of solanaceous plants . . 
Mice after inoculation with garden 
soil. 

Soil 

Sorghum blight 

Blood of cattle with Texas fever . . 

Skin in eczema seborrhoeicum 
Water 

Marsh-water : . 

Healthy nasal secretions 

Healthy nasal secretions 

Soil 

Soil 

Water 

Water 

Air, water, soil; frequent 

Human feces 

Sugar beets 

Water 

Urine 

Mud 

Sewage 



Saprophytic. 

Saprophytic. 

Pathogenic. 

Saprophytic. 

Pathogenesis undetermined. 

Saprophytic. 
Saprophytic. 
Pathogenic. 

Chromoparous (brown to yel- 
low). 
Chromoparous (raspberry red) . 
Chromogenic (pale pink). 
Chromoparous (red). 

Chromoparous (blood-red) . 

Chromoparous (blood-red) . 

Phy topathogenic . 

Chromogenic (pale pink). 

Chromogenic (brownish-red). 

Zymogenic. 

Pathogenesis undetermined. 

Pathogenic, zymogenic (tri- 

methylamin). 
Zymogenic. 



Pathogenesis undetermined. 

Zymogenic. 

Saprophytic. 

Pathogenic. 

Zymogenic. 

Saprophytic. 

Chromogenic (brick-red). 

Saprophytic. 
Pathogenic. 

Pathogenic. 

Pathogenic. 
Pathogenic. 
Pathogenic. 

Pathogenic. 
Pathogenic. 
Pathogenic. 

Pathogenic. 
Saprophytic. 

Photogenic, chromogenic (emer- 
ald-green) . 
Pathogenic, chromogenic (green) 
Saprophytic. 

Phytopathogenic. 
Saprophytic. 

Saprophytic. 
Phy to pathogenic . 
Pathogenic. 

Chromogenic (grayish-yellow) . 
Saprophytic. 

Saprophytic. 

Saprophytic. 

Chromogenic (sulphur-yellow). 

Saprophytic. 

Zymogenic. 

Zymogenic. 

Chromogenic (pale-yellow). 

Zymogenic. 

Saprophytic. 

Pathogenesis not established. 

Zymogenic; evolves H2S. 

Saprophytic. 

Chromogenic (reddish-brown). 

Saprophytic. 



BACILLI 



118 



BACILLI 



TABLE OF BACILLI.— (Continued.) 



Name. 



Where Found. 



Characters. 



B. of Swine Plague, Marseilles. 
B. sycosiferus fcetidus (Jordan) 

B. syncyanus (Ehrenberg) 

B. synxanthus (Schroetter) . . . . 
B. syphilidis (Lust-garten) 



B. tardigradus (Detmers) 

B. tartaricus (Grimbert and Ficquet) 



B. tenuis sputigenus (Pansini) 

B. termo (Mace) 

B. terrigenus (Frank) 

B. tetani (Nicolaier) 



See B. mar siliensis. 

Hair and scalp in sycosis . 

Water 

Milk 

Syphilitic new-growths and secre- 
tions. 

Water 

Fermenting solution of calcium 
tartrate. 

Sputum 

Water 

Soil 



B. thalassophilus (Russell) 

B. thermophilus (Miquel) 

B. tholoideum (Gessner) 

B. tracheiphilus 

B. tremelloides (Schottelius) 

B. tremulus (Koch) 

B. of Trichorrhexis nodosa (Markusfeld). 

B. "Trommelschlagel" (Ravenel) 

B. tuberculosis (Koch) 



B. tuberculosis gallinarum (Maffucci) . 

B. of Tuberculosis of Vines 

B. tumescens (Zopf) 

B. tussis convulsivae (Afanassiew) . . . 
B. typhi abdominalis (Eberth) 



B. typhi exanthematici (Plotz) 

B. typhi murium (Loeffler) 

B. ubiquitus (Jordan) 

B. ulna (Cohn) 

B. ulna (Vignal) 

B. of Uptadel (Gessner) 

B. urese (Leube) . . .• 

B. ureae (Miquel) 

B. vacuolatus (Ravenel) 

B. vaginalis (Doderlein) 

B. varicosus conjunctiva (Gombert) . 

B. vascularis (Sternberg) 

B. vascularum (Cobb) 

B. venenosus (Vaughan) 

B. venenosus brevis (Vaughan) 

B. venenosus invisibilis (Vaughan) . . . 

B. venenosus liquefaciens (Vaughan) . 

B. ventriculi (Raczynssky) 

B. vermicularis (P. and G. C. Frank- 
land). 

B. vermiculosus (Zimmermann) 

B. of Verruga peruana (Izquierdo) . . . 

B. verticillatus (Ravenel) 

B. violaceus (Becker) 

B. violaceus (Frankland) 

B. violaceus laurentius (Jordan) 

B. virens (Van Tieghem) 

B. virescens (Frick) 

B. viridans 

B. viridescens liquefaciens (Ravenel) . 

B. viridescens nonliquefaciens (Rav- 
enel). 

B. viridis (Van Tieghem) 

B. viridis flavus (Frick) 

B. viridis pallescens (Frick) 



Arable soil, horse-dung, and tissues 
of persons dead of tetanus. 

Sea-mud 

Air, water, soil, feces, sewage .... 
Water, sewage, intestinal tract . . . 

The cause of Cucurbit wilt 

Water (Freiburg) 

Vegetable infusions 

Diseased hair 

Soil 

Sputum and tissues in tubercu- 



Tuberculosis in fowls 

Diseased grape-vines 

Beets 

Sputum in cases of pertussis 

Water, milk, sewage; and blood, 

urine, feces, and tissues of 

typhoid-fever patients. 



Diseased mice 

Air, water, sewage 

Egg-albumen 

Normal saliva 

Intestinal contents (man) 

Soil, water, manure, old urine, etc. 
Air 



Soil 

Normal vaginal secretions 

Healthy conjunctival sac in man. 
Viscera of yellow-fever cadaver . . . 

Gummosis of sugar cane 

Water 

Water 

Water 

Water 

Stomach of dog 

Water (Lea) 



Water 

Nodules in cases of Peruvian wart 
Soil 



Water 

Water 

Water 

Water 

In green sputum . 

Water 

Soil 

Soil 



B. viscosus (Van Laer) 

B. viscosus cerevisiae (Van Laer) 

B. viscosus sacchari (Kramer) 

B. viscosus vini (Kramer) 

B. vulgaris (Hauser) 

B. of Weigmann 

B. "Weissen-" (Eisenberg) 

B. "Weisser-" (Tataroff) 

B. "White" (Maschek) ■'. . 

B. "X" (Sternberg) 

B. xerosis 

B. "Y" 

B. "Yellow" (Lustig) 

B. of Yersin. See B. peslis bubonicce. 

B. zea (Burrill) 

B. zurnianus (List) 



Water 

Water 

Air, water (Freiburg) 



Ropy beer 

Ropy beer and milk .... 
Viscous saccharine fluids . 

Ropy wine 

Putrefying matter 

Bitter milk 

Water 

Well-water (Dorpat) .... 

Water 

Yellow-fever cadavers . . . 

In conjunctiva 

In cases of dysentery . . . 
Water 



Pathogenic. 
Chromoparous (blue). 
Chromogenic (citron-yellow). 
Pathogenic. 

Saprophytic. 
Zymogenic. 

Pathogenic. 
Saprophytic. 
Zymogenic. 
Pathogenic, zymogenic. 

Saprophytic. 

Thermophilous. 

Pathogenic. 

Phytopathogenic. 

Chromogenic (golden-yellow). 

Saprophytic. 

Zymogenic, pathogenic. 

Saprophytic. 

Pathogenic. 

Pathogenic. 
Phytopathogenic. 
Saprophytic. 
Pathogenic. 
Pathogenic, zymogenic. 



Pathogenic for typhus fever. 

Pathogenic. 

Saprophytic. 

Saprophytic. 

Pathogenic. 

Zymogenic. 

Saprophytic. 

Chromoparous (yellow). 

Saprophytic. 

Pathogenic. 

Saprophytic. 

Phytopathogenic. 

Pathogenic. 

Pathogenic. 

Pathogenic. 

Pathogenic. 

Saprophytic. 

Chromogenic (flesh-colored). 

Saprophytic. 

Pathogenesis undetermined. 

Zymogenic. 

Chromoparous (deep-violet). 

Chromoparous (violet). 

Chromoparous (violet). 

Chromoparous (green). 

Chromogenic (green). 

Chromoparous (green). 

Saprophytic. 

Zymogenic. 

Chromogenic (green). 
Chromogenic (yellowish-green). 
Zymogenic, chromogenic (yel- 
lowish-green) . 
Zymogenic. 
Zymogenic. 
Zymogenic. 
Zymogenic. 
Pathogenic. 
Zymogenic. 
Saprophytic. 
Saprophytic. 
Saprophytic. 
Pathogenic. 
Non-pathogenic. 



Bacteriosis of Indian corn . 
Air and water 



Saprophytic. 

Phytopathogenic . 
Zymogenic. 



BACTERIA 



119 



BACTERIA 



TABLE OF BACTERIA, 



Name. 



Where Found. 



Primary Characters. 



B. accidentalis tetani (Belfanti and 

Pescarolo). 

B. aceti (Hansen) 

B. aceti (Peters) 

B. aceticum (Baginsky) 

B. aceticum (Zoilder) 

B. acidi lactici (Grotenfeld) 

B. acne contagiosae (Dieckerhoff and 

Grawitz) . 

B. aeris minutissimus (Bey) 

B. amabilis (Dyar) 

B. ambiguus (Wright) 

B. amethystinus (Eisenberg) 

B. amethystinus mobilis (Germano) . . 

B. anaerobicum (Fluegge) 

B. annulatus (Wright) 

B. apii (Brizi) 

B. apthosus (Siegel) 

B. aquatilis communis (Zimmermann) 
B. aquatilis sulcatus quartus (Weich- 
selbaum). 

B. aurantiacum (Trelease) 

B. aureo-flavus (Adametz) 

B. beta? (Arthur and Golden) 

B. bovisepticus (Kitt) 

B. brassier (Lehn and Conrad) 

B. breslaviensis (Van Ermenghem) . . . 

B. brunneo-flavus (Dyar) 

B. brunneum (Schrdter) 

B buccalis fortuitus (Vignal) 

B. buccalis minutus (Vignal) 

B. of Buffalo Plague (Ratz) 

B butyri colloideum (Lafar) 

B. campestris (Pammel) 

B. of Canary-bird Septicemia (Rieck) 
B. capitatum (Davaine) 

B. carlsbergense (Hasen) 

B. carneus (Tils) 

B. catenulus (Dujardin) 

B. caudatus (Wright) 

B. centrifugans (Wright) 

B. chlorinum (Engelmann) , 

B. cholera? columbarum (Leclancler) . , 
B. cholerae gallinarum (Perroncito) . . . 
B. chologenes (Stern) 

B. chrysogloia (Lafar) 

B. citreus (Unna and Tomassoli) 

B. citreus cadaveris (Strassmann and 
Strecker). 

B. coadnutus (Wright) 

B. coherens (Wright) 

B. coli aerogenes (Lembke) 

B. coli anindolicum (Lembke) 

B. coli commune (Escherich) 

B. coli immobilis (Germano and 
Maurea). 

B. coli mobilis (Messea) 

B. colorabilis (Naunyn) 

B. conjunctivitis (Morax) 

B. convolutus (Wright) 

B. of Corn-stalk Disease (Billings) . . . 

B. cuniculi pneumonicus (Beck) 

B. cuniculicidus immobilis (Smith) . . 

B. cuniculicidus septicus (Lucet) .... 
B. cuniculicidus thermophilus (Lucet) 

B. decidiosus (Wright) 

B. decolorans major (Dyar) 

B. decolorans minor (Dyar) 

B. delabens (Wright) 



Pus in a case of tetanus . 



Sour beer and wine . .< 

Sour dough 

Beer-wort 

Beer-wort 

Feces, water, milk 

Acne contagiosa in horses 

Air 

Air 

Water 

Water 

Air 

Mik 

Water 

Bacteriosis of celery plants. .".... 

Liver and kidneys in cases of 

"Maul-" and "Klauenseuche." 

Water 

Soil 



Water 

Water 

Bacteriosis of sugar-beets . 

"Buffelseuche" 

Sauerkraut 

Poisonous meat 

Air 



Putrid infusion of maize 

Healthy saliva 

Healthy saliva 

Buffaloes having an infectious 
disease. 

Butter (frequent) 

Decayed turnips 



Canaries 

Infusion of albuminous sub- 
stances. 
Air 



Water 

Putrid urine, blood in typhoid 
fever. 

Water 

Water 



Water 

Wild pigeons 

Chicken cholera 

Case of angiocholitis with meni- 

ingitis. 
Air, water 



Epidermis in eczema , 
Human cadaver 



Water 

Water 

Dog-dung 

Dog-dung 

Abundant in human feces 

those of domestic animals. 

Feces 



and 



Typhoid stools 

Yellow-fever cadaver 

Conjunctival catarrah and chronic 
inflammation of conjunctiva. 

Water 

"Corn-stalk disease" and broncho 
pneumonia of cattle. 

Lung plague of rabbits 

Cause of a spontaneous rabbit 
plague. 

Epizootic of rabbits 

Epidemic of rabbits and guinea- 
pigs. 

Water 

Air 

Air 

Water 



Pathogenic. 

Zymogenic. 
Zymogenic. 
Zymogenic. 
Zymogenic. 
Zymogenic. 
Pathogenic. 

Chromoparous (canary-yellow). 

Chromoparous (bright-yellow). 

Saprophytic. 

Chromogenic (dark-blue). 

Chromogenic (blue-violet). 

Zymogenic. 

Chromoparous (yellow). 

Phytopathogenic. 

Pathogenic. 

Saprophytic. 
Saprophytic. 

Chromogenic (orange). 

Chromogenic (chrome-yellow) 

Phytopathogenic . 

Pathogenic. 

Zymogenic. 

Zymogenic, pathogenic. 

Chromogenic (brown to orange). 

Chromogenic (brown). 

Saprophytic. 

Chromogenic (golden-yellow). 

Pathogenic. 

Saprophytic. 

Zymogenic, chromogenic (cad- 
mium-yellow). 
Pathogenic. 
Saprophytic. 

Saprophytic. 

Chromogenic (flesh-color). 
Zymogenic. 

Chromogenic (yellowish). 
Zymogenic, chromogenic (green- 
ish). 
Chromophorous (green). 
Pathogenic. 
Pathogenic. 
Pathogenic. 

Chromoparous (yellow, lipoxan 

thin). 
Chromoparous (citron-ye'low) . 
Chromogenic (citron-yellow). 

Saprophytic. 
Saprophytic. 
Pathogenic. 

Zymogenic, pathogenic. 
Pathogenic. 

Symbiotic-zymogenic with Bacil 

his denitrificans, pathogenic. 
Zymogenic. 
Pathogenic. 
Pathogenic. 

Saprophytic. 
Pathogenic. 

Pathogenic. 
Pathogenic. 

Pathogenic. 
Pathogenic. 

Chromogenic (yellow). 
Saprophytic. 
Saprophytic. 
Saprophytic. 



BACTERIA 



120 



BACTERIA 



TABLE OF BACTERIA.— (Continued.) 



Name. 



Where Found. 



Primary Characters. 



B. delta (Dyar) 

B. dendriticus (Lustig) 

B. denitrificans (Gayon and Dupetit) , 

B. denitrificans (Stuetzer and Burri) . . 
B. denitrificans agilis (Ampola and 

Garino). 
B. diphtheriae avium (Loir and 

Duclaux). 
B. diphtheriae cuniculi (Ribbert) 

B. discissum (Dinwiddie) 

B. domesticus (Dyar) 

B. dormitator (Wright) 

B. dubius (Bleisch) 

B. dubius pneumoniae (Bunzl and 

Federn). 

B. duplicatus (Wright) 

B. dysenteriae liquefaciens (Ogata) 

B. dysenteriae vitulorum (Jensen) 

B. egregium 

B. ellenbachensis (Stuetzer and Hart- 
leb). 

B. emphysematosus (Fraenkel) 

B. enchelys (Ehrenberg) 

B. endometritidis (Kaufmann) 

B. epsilon (Dyar) 

B. equi-intestinalis (Dyar and Keith) . 
B. eta (Dyar) 

B. exanthematicus (Babes and Opres- 
cu). 

B. exiguus (Wright) 

B. f aecalis alcaligenes (Petruschky) . . . 

B. fairmontensis (Wright) 

B. farinaceum (Wigand) 

B. felis septicus (Fiocca) 

B. ferrugineus (Dyar) 

B. fimbriatus (Wright) 

B. finitimus ruber (Dyar) 

B. fischeri (Beyerinck) 

B. flexuosus (Wright) 

B. fluorescens (Lepierre) 

B. fluorescens convexus (Wright) 

B. fluorescens crassus (Frick) 

B. fluorescens foliaceus (Wright) 

B. fluorescens immobilis 

B. fluorescens incognitus (Wright) 

B. fluorescens mutabilis (Wright) 

B. fluorescens schuylkilliensis (Wright) 
B. friedbergensis (Ebert and Mandry) 

B. furfuris (Wood and Wilcox) 

B. fuscus liquefaciens (Dyar) 

B. fuscus pallidior (Dyar) 

B. fusiforme (Warming) 

B. gallinarum (Klein) 

B. gamma (Dyar) 

B. gelatinosum betae (Glazer) 

B. geniculatus (Wright) 

B. gingivae pyogenes (Miller) 

B. gliscrogenum (Malerba and Sanna- 

Salaris). 
B. gummis (Comes) 

B. haematoides (Wright) 

B. haemorrhagicus (Kolb) 

B. haemorrhagicus nephritidis (Vas- 

sale). 
B. haemorrhagicus septicus (Babes) . . . 
B. haemorrhagicus venenosus (Tizzoni 

and Giovannini). 
B. of Hemorrhagic Septicemia of 

Swans (Fiorentini). 

B. hessii (Guillebeau) 

B. hudsonii (Dyar) 

B. hyacinthi (Wakker) 

B. hydrosulphureum ponticum (Zelin- 

sky). 
B. icterogenes (Guarnieri) 

B. indigonaceus (Schneider) 



Water 

Water 

Air, soil, straw, horse-dung, etc. . 

Horse manure 

Manure 

Epizootic of fowls 

Intestinal diphtheria of rabbits. . 

Milk 

Air 

Water > 

Feces 

Rusty sputum of pneumonia .... 

Water 

Cases of dysentery in Japan .... 

Dysentery of calves 

Atmospheric dust 

Soil and roots of small grains . . . 

Gaseous phlegmon 

Water 

Liver abscess 

Air 

Horse manure 

Air 

Hemorrhagic infection in man. . 

Water 

Feces 

Water 

Sour dough 

Septicemia, cats 

Air 

Water 

Air 

Air 

Water 

Water 

Water 

Air, water 

Water 

Air, water 

Water 

Water 

Water 

Poisonous sausages 

In tanner's bran-plump soak .... 

Air 

Air. 

Sea- water 

Enteritis in fowls 

Air 

Mucigenous beet-juice 

Water 

Diseased teeth 

Mucinous viscid urine 

Gummosis of tomatoes, figs, 
almonds, oranges, etc. 

Water 

Septicemia cadaver 

Hemorrhagic nephritis 

Septicemia in man 

Purpura haemorrhagica 

Swans 

Ropy milk 

Air 

"Yellows" of hyacinth bulbs 

Ooze (Black Sea) 

Liver and blood in acute yellow 

atrophy of liver; typhoid stools. 

Water 



Chromogenic (red). 
Saprophytic. 

Symbiotic-zymogemc with Bac- 
terium coli commune. 
Zymogenic. 
Zymogenic. 

Pathogenic. 

Pathogenic. 

Zymogenic. 

Chromogenic (yellow). 

Chromogenic (bright-yellow). 

Pathogenic. 

Pathogenic. 

Saprophytic. 

Pathogenic. 

Pathogenic. 

Chromogenic (yellow, lipoxan- 

thin). 
Zymogenic. 

Pathogenic, zymogenic. 
Saprophytic. 

Pathogenesis undetermined. 
Chromogenic (pink). 
Saprophytic. 

Zymogenic, chromogenic (yel- 
low). 
Pathogenic. 

Chromogenic (salmon-pink). 
Zymogenic, pathogenic. 
Saprophytic. 
Zymogenic. 
Pathogenic. 

Chromogenic (brick-red). 
Zymogenic. 

Chromogenic (pink-red). 
Chromogenic (yellowish). 
Saprophytic. 

Chromogenic (yellow-green). 
Saprophytic. 
Pathogenic. 
Saprophytic. 
Saprophytic. 
Saprophytic. 

Chromogenic (yellowish-green). 
Saprophytic. 
Pathogenic. 
Zymogenic. 

Chromogenic (bright-orange). 
Chromogenic (pink-orange). 
Saprophytic. 
Pathogenic. 

Chromogenic (ocherous). 
Zymogenic, phytopathogenic. 
Saprophytic. 

Pathogenic, chromogenic (yel- 
lowish). 
Zymogenic, produces gliscrin. 

Phytopathogenic. 

Chromogenic (blood-red). 

Pathogenic. 

Pathogenic. 

Pathogenic. 
Pathogenic. 

Pathogenic. 

Zymogenic. 

Chromogenic (ocherous-orange) . 

Phytopathogenic . 

Zymogenic (H2S) chromogenic. 

(coffee-brown). 
Pathogenic. 

Chromogenic (indigo-blue). 



BACTERIA 



121 



BACTERIA 



TABLE OF BACTERIA.— (Continued.) 



Name. 



B. inutilis (Dyar) 

B. javaniensis (Eijikmann) 

B. kochii (Hansen) 

B. krallii (Dyar) 

B. kutzingianum (Hansen) 

B. lacticus (Gunther and Thierfelder) 

B. lactis (Lister) 

B. lactis aerogenes (Escherich) 



B. lactis innocuus (Wilde) 

B. lacunatus (Wright) 

B. larvicida (Dyar) 



Where Found. 



B. leucaemia? canis (v. Lucet) 
B. levans (Lehmann and Wolfrin) 

B, lindolum (Fodor) y 

B. lineola (Mueller) 

B. litoreum (Warming) 

B. of Liver Abscess (Korn) 

B. lucens (Nuesch) 

B. ludwigii (Karlinsky) 



B. luminosum (Giard) 



B. luminosus (Beyerinck) 

B. luteum (List) 

B. maddoxii (Miquel) 

B. martinezii (Sternberg and Dyar) 
B. monachal (Tubeuf) 



B. monadiformis (Messea) 

B. morbificans bovis (Basenau) .... 

B. morbilli (Lanzi) 

B. mori (Boyer and Lambert) 

B. multistriatus (Wright) 

B. muripestifer (Laser) 

B. murisepticus (Fluegge) 

B. navicula (Reinke and Berthold) . 

B. nebulosus (Wright) 

B. nexibilis (Wright) 

B. nitrificans (Burri and Stuetzer) . . 
B. nitroso, formae nova? (Rullmann) 

B. oblongum (Boutroux) 

B.-cedematis thermophilic (Novy) . . 



B. olea? (Archangeli) 

B. orchiticus (Kuetscher) 

B. ovalis (Wright) 

B. oxylacticus (Dyar) 

B. pallescens (Henrici) 

B. paradoxus (Kruse and Pasquale) 

B. pasteurianus (Hansen) 

B. periplaneta? (Tichomirow) 



B. pfluegeri (Ludwig) 

B. phasiani septicus 

B. phosphorescens (Cohn) 

B. phosphorescens pfluegeri (Foerster) 
B. photometricum (Engelmann) 



B. pini (Vuillemin) 

B. of Pneumonia in Turkeys (Mac- 

Fadyean) . 
B. pneumonicusliquefaciens (Arloing) 

B. pneumosepticus (Klein) 

B. porri (Tommasi-Crudeli) 

B. of Potato Scab (Bolley) 

B. primus fullesii (Dyar) 

B. pseudo-conjunctivitis (Kartulis) . . . 
B. pseudo-influenza? (Pfeiffer) 



B. pseudotyphosus (Loesener) 

B. pullulans 

B. putidum (Frick and Dyar) . 



B. putredinis (Davaine) 

B. pyocinnabareus (Ferchmin) 



B. pyogenes anaerobicus (Fuchs) 

B. pyogenes fcetidus liquefaciens 

(Lanz) . 
B. pyogenes minutissimus (Kruse) 



Air 

Air 

Air 

Air 

Sour beer 

Milk 

Milk 

Milk and intestines of milk-fed 

animals. 

Milk 

Water 

Diseased larva? of silkworm (Clisio- 

campa fragilis). 

Dog with leukocythemia 

Sour dough 

Soil 

Water, soil 

Sea-water 

Case of liver abscess 

Phosphorescent meat 

Hot sulphur springs of Ilidze, 

Bosnia. 
Abdominal cavity of Amphipod 

Crustacea (Talitrus). 

Sea- water 

Water 

Fermenting urine 

Liver of yellow-fever cadaver; air 
Diseased larva? of the "nun" 

moth (Liparis monache). 

Typhoid stools 

Cow with puerperal fever 

Urine in case of measles 

Diseased mulberry trees 

Water 

Plague of field mice 

Mice 

Wet rot of potatoes 

Water 

Water 

Soil 

Soil 

Beer 

Guinea-pig inoculated with con 

taminated nuclein solution, 
Tuberculosis of olive trees 
Glandered horse 
Water 
Air 



Primary Characters. 



Cheese 

Liver in case of dysentery 

Beer wort 

Diseased cock-roaches (Periplan- 
eta orientalis). 

Luminous meat and fish 

Diseased pheasants 

Fish and sea-water 

Luminous fish 

Water 



Galls on alpine pine . 
Turkeys 



Exudates in lung-plague of cattle 

Rusty sputum in pneumonia 

Warts 

Potatoes 

Water 

Conjunctival secretions 

Secretions in broncho-pneumonia, 
otitis media. 

Water; liver abscess 

Water 

Air, water 



Decaying plants . 
Pus 



Stinking pus of rabbit 

Brain abscess after otitis media . 



Pus in man , 



Pathogenic. 

Zymogenic. 

Saprophytic. 

Saprophytic. 

Zymogenic. 

Zymogenic. 

Zymogenic. 

Zymogenic. 

Saprophytic. 

Chromogenic (grayish-yellow). 

Pathogenic. 

Pathogenic. 

Zymogenic. 

Zymogenic. 

Saprophytic. 

Saprophytic. 

Chromogenic (yellow). 

Photogenic. 

Thermophilous. 

Photogenic, pathogenic. 

Photogenic. 

Chromogenic (orange-yellow). 

Zymogenic. 

Pathogenic. 

Pathogenic. 

Pathogenic. 

Pathogenic. 

Saprophytic. 

Phy topathogenic . 

Saprophytic. 

Pathogenic. 

Pathogenic. 

Phytopathogenic. 

Saprophytic. 

Saprophytic. 

Zymogenic. 

Zymogenic. 

Zymogenic. 

Pathogenic, zymogenic. 

Phytopathogenic . 

Pathogenic. 

Chromogenic (bright-yellow) . 

Chromogenic (ocherous). 

Saprophytic. 

Pathogenic. 

Zymogenic. 

Pathogenic. 

Photogenic. 
Pathogenic. 
Photogenic. 
Photogenic. 
Chromophorous (green) , photo- 

philous. 
Saprophytic. 
Pathogenic. 

Pathogenic. 

Pathogenic. 

Saprophytic. 

Phytopathogenic. 

Zymogenic. 

Chromogenic (canary-yellow). 

Pathogenesis undetermined. 

Pathogenic. 

Chromogenic (yellow). 

Zymogenic, chromoparous (yel- 
low). 

Saprophytic. 

Chromogenic (red-yellow), odor 
of trimethylamin. 

Pathogenic. 

Pathogenic, chromoparous (cit- 
ron-yellow). 

Pathogenic. 



BACTERIA 



122 



BACTERIA 



TABLE OF BACTERIA.— (Continued.) 



Name. 



Where Found. 



Primary Characters. 



B. pyriforme (Hansen) 

B. recuperatus (Wright) 

B. refractans (Wright) 

B. rhodochrous (Dyar) 

B. rhusiopathiae suis (Kitt) 

B. ruber sardinae (Du Bois Saint 
Sevrin). 

B. rubescens (Lankester) 



B. rugosus (Wright) 

B. saliva? minutissimus (Wilde) 

B. salmoneus (Dyar) 

B. salmonica (Emmerich and Weibel) . 
B. sanguinarium (Smith and Moore) . . 
B. (photobacterium) sarcophilum (Du- 
bois). 

B. sarraceni cola (Dyar) 

B. secundus fullesii (Dyar) 

B. septicus putidus (Roger) 

B. of Sheep-pox 



B. sinuosus (Wright) 

B. of Sporadic Pneumonia in Cattle 

(Smith). 
B. sputigenes crassus (Kreibohm) 
B. sputigenes tenuis (Pansini) 



B. subochraceus (Dyar) 

B. suipestifer (Salmon and Smith) . . . 

B. suisepticus (Schutz) 

B. sulcatus liquefaciens (Kruse) 

B. sulphureum (Rosenheim) 

B. tachyctonum (Fischer) 

B. termo (Dallinger and Drysdale) . . 

B. termo (Vignal) 

B. theta (Dyar) 

B. tiogensis (Wright) 

B. tracheiphilus (Smith) 

B. trambustii (Trambusti and Gal- 

cotti). 
B. tularense 



B. ureae (Jaksch) 

B. uvae (Cugini and Macchiati) 

B. vacuolatus (Dyar) 

B. vaginae (Doederlein) 

B. of Variola (Cose and Feltz) . 
B. vermiforme (Ward) 



B. vernicosum (Zopf) 

B. violaceum (Bergonzini) 

B. violaceus sacchari (Ager and Dyar) 

B. viridis (Lesage) 

B. xylinum (Brown) 

B. zeta (Dyar) 

B. zopfii (Kurth) 



Air 

Water 

Water 

Air 

Erysipelas of swine . 
Sardine oil 



Water. 



Water 

Saliva 

Air 

Trout disease 

Infectious leukemia in fowls . 
Phosphorescent flesh 



Leaf of pitcher-plant 

Air 

Cholera cadaver 

In cases of sheep-pox or "Schaf- 
blattern." 

Water 

Cattle 



Sputum 

In phthisis and catarrhal pneu- 
monia. 
Air 



Hog cholera 

Swine plague 

Water 

Wine 

Stools in cholera nostras . 
Putrefactive material . . . 
Normal human saliva . . . 

Air 

Water 

Diseased melons 

Water 



In conjunctivitis and lympha- 
denitis. 

Ammoniacal urine 

Diseased grapes. 

Bladders of Utricularia vulgaris . 

Vaginal secretions 

Vesicles in case of small-pox .... 
Ginger-beer 



Water 

Putrefying egg-albumen . 
Air 



In "green diarrhea" of children. 
Solutions of carbohydrates .... 

Air 

Intestinal tract of fowls 



Saprophytic. 

Saprophytic. 

Saprophytic. 

Chromogenic (rose-color). 

Pathogenic. 

Chromogenic (carmin-red) , zy- 
mogenic, odor of trimethyl- 
amin. 

Chromophorous (bacterio-pur- 
purin). 

Saprophytic. 

Pathogenic. 

Chromogenic (salmon-pink). 

Pathogenic. 

Pathogenic. 

Photogenic. 

Zymogenic. 
Saprophytic. 
Pathogenic. 
Pathogenic. 

Saprophytic. 
Pathogenic. 

Pathogenic. 
Pathogenic. 

Chromogenic (orange). 

Pathogenic. 

Pathogenic. 

Chromogenic (yellow-brown). 

Zymogenic (evolves H2S). 

Pathogenic. 

Zymogenic. 

Chromogenic (yellowish-gray). 

Ocherous. 

Saprophytic. 

Saprophytic. 

Saprophytic. 

Pathogenic for rodents and trans- 
missible to man. 

Zymogenic. 

Chromogenic (honey -yellow) . * 

Zymogenic. 

Pathogenesis undetermined. 

Pathogenic. 

Symbiotic-zymogenic with Sac- 
charomyces pyriformis. 

Zymogenic. 

Chromogenic (violet). 

Chromogenic (violet). 

Chromophorous (green). 

Zymogenic. 

Chromogenic (orange-red). 

Saprophytic. 



Sarcin^. 



Tetrads. 



4 

Staphylococci. 



*£ 







Streptococci. 



Diplococci. 



Bacteria with Spores. 



from a specific bacterium; a bacterial vaccine. See from the patient, b., polyvalent, one containing 

vaccine, bacterial. It is a preparation of killed bac- bacteria of the same species but derived from many 

teria suspended in a normal saline solution, b., different sources, b., stock, one made from bacteria 

autogenous, one prepared from bacteria obtained not obtained from the patient. 



BACTERIO- 



123 



BAEYER'S REACTION 




Bacilli of Various Forms. 




Bacteria with Capsules. 

bacterio- (bak-te-re-o-) [bacterium]. A prefix 
meaning relating to bacteria. 

bacteriofluorescin (bak-le-re-o-fiu-o-res'-iri). A flu- 
orescent coloring-matter produced by the action of 
certain bacteria. 

bacteriogenic (bak-te-re-o-jen'-ik) [bacterio-; gett- 
er are, to produce]. Caused by bacteria. 

bacteriogenous (bak-te-re-oj'-en-us). i. Producing 
bacteria. 2. Bacteriogenic. 

bacteriohemagglutinin (bak-te-re-o-hem-ag-lu' -tin- 
in). A hemagglutinin produced in the body by 
the action of bacteria; it is very unstable, being 
destroyed at 58 C. 

bacteriohemolysin (bak-te-re-o-hem-ol'-is-in). A 
very unstable hemolysin formed in the body by 
bacteria; it is destroyed at 58° C. 

bacterioid (bak-te'-re-oid) [bacterio-; el8os, form]. 
Resembling bacteria; bacteriform. 

bacteriological (bak-ie-re-o-loj'-ik-al) . Pertaining 
to bacteriology. 

bacteriologist (bak-te-re-ol'-o-jist) [bacteriology]. 
One versed in bacteriology. 

bacteriology (bak-te-re-ol'-o-je) [bacterio-; \6yos, 
science]. The science and study of bacteria. 

bacteriolysin (bak-te-re-ol'-is-in). A specific anti- 
body developed in the blood by the action of any one 
bacterium and capable of causing the disintegration 
of the same bacterium. 

bacteriolysis (bak-te-re-ol'-is-is) [bacterio-; Avo-is, 
a loosing]. The disintegration of bacteria, usually 
by means of a specific antibody. 

bacteriolytic (bak-le-re-o-lit'-ik). Possessing a dis- 
integrating action upon living bacteria. Pertaining 
to bacteriolysis. 

bacteriopathology (bak-te-re-o-path-ol'-o-je) [bac- 
terio-; pathology]. The science of diseases due to 
bacteria. 

bacteriophobia (bak-te-re-o-fo'-be-ah) [bacterio-; 
<£6/3oy, fear]. A morbid dread of bacteria or other 
microorganisms. 

bacteriophytoma (bak-te-re-o-fi-to'-mah) [bacterio-; 
4>vt6v, a growth]. A newgrowth caused by bacteria. 

bacterioplasmin (bak-le-re-c-plaz'-min) [bacterio-; 
■n-XdffM-a, anything formed or molded]. One of several 
toxic principles or toxalbumins extracted from 
pathogenic organisms, as of cholera or typhoid fever, 
by pressure. 

bacterioprotein (bak-te-re-o-pro'-te-in) [bacterio-; 
irpuros, first]. A protein contained in bacteria. A 
toxalbumin. 

bacteriopurpurin (bak-te-re-o -pur' -pu-rin) [bacterio-; 
purpura, purple]. A peach-colored pigment found 
in the protoplasm of Beggiatoa roseopersicina. 

bacterioscopic (bak-te-re-o-skop'-ik) [bacterio-; 
vKoirelv, to view]. Pertaining to bactcrioscopy. 

bacterioscopist (bak-te-re-os' -ko-pist) [bacterio-; 
oko-kHv, to look]. A person devoted to the investi- 
gation of bacteria. 

bacterioscopy (bak-te-re-os'-ko-pe) [bacterio-; anoTrtiv, 
to inspect]. The microscopic study of bacteria. 




Bacteria Showing Flagella. 






& 3$ 




Types of Spirilla. 

bacteriosis (bak-te-re-o' -sis) [bacterium]. The 
action of bacteria in the system; infection by bacteria. 

bacteriotherapeutic (bak-te-re-o-ther-ap-u'-tik) [bac- 
terio-; therapeutic]. Relating to bacteriotherapy. 

bacteriotherapy (bak-te-re-o-ther'-ap-e) [bacterio-; 
therapy]. The treatment of disease by the intro- 
duction of bacteria or their products into the system. 

bacteriotropic (bak-te-re-o-trop'-ik) [bacterio-; rpoirrj, 
a turning], A generic term used by Wright to denote 
all substances in the blood which turn toward or are 
attracted to bacteria. Said of agglutinins. 

bacteriotropin (bak-te-re-of -ro-pin) [bacterio-: rpoirri, 
a turning]. A principle in the blood which, by its 
action on bacteria, aids the phagocytic action of the 
leukocytes. 

bacteriotoxin (bak-te-re-o-toks'-in). A specific 
substance poisonous to bacteria. 

bacteritic (bak-ter-it'-ik). Relating to or due to 
bacteria. 

Bacterium (bak-te'-re-um) [paKT-qpiov, a little stick; 
pi., bacteria]. 1. A synonym of Schizomyces or 
Microorganism. 2. The word was formerly restricted 
to a genus of schizomycetous fungi established by 
Ehrenberg (1838) and Dujardin (1841), characterized 
by short, linear, inflexible, rod-like forms, without 
tendency to unite into chains or filaments. Morpho- 
logically, bacteria are spherical (cocci); in the form 
of straight rods (bacilli); or of twisted rods (spirilla). 
Bacteria are either aerobic, requiring free oxygen 
or anaerobic, not requiring free oxygen. Again, 
certain forms appear to possess the ability to flourish 
in either condition, and are known as facultative 
aerobic or facultative anaerobic. Bacteria are either 
motile or nonmotile; they may exist as saprophytes, 
facultative parasites, strict, obligate, or true parasites. 
Those that produce pigment are known as chromo- 
genic; those that produce fermentation, as zymogenic; 
those that affect adversely the health of plants or 
animals, as pathogenic. See Bacteria, Table of (page 
119), and special terms under appropriate headings. 

bacteriuria (bak-te-re-u'-re-ah) [bacterium; ovpov, 
urine]. The discharge of urine containing bacteria. 

bacteroid (bak'-ter-oid) [bacteria; eldos, form]. 
Resembling bacteria. 

baculiform (bak-u' -le-form) [baculum, a stick; 
forma, form]. Rod-shaped. 

Badal's operation (bad-al') [Antoine Jules Badal, 
French ophthalmologist, 1840- ]. Rupture of 
the infratrochlear nerve for the relief of pain in 
glaucoma. 

bael (ba'-el). See bel. 

Baelz's disease (bailts) [Erwin Baelz, German 
physician, 1845-1913]. Progressive ulceration and 
destruction of the mucous glands of the lips. 

(von) Baer's law [Carl Ernst von Baer, Russian 
embyrologist, 1792-1876]. The more special forms 
of structure arise out of the more general, and that 
by a gradual change. B.'s vesicle, the ovule. 

Baeyer's reaction for glucose. Indigo is formed 
on boiling a glucose solution with orthonitrophenyl- 



BAG 



124 



BALLOTTEMENT 



. propionic acid and sodium carbonate. When the 
glucose is in excess, this blue is converted into indigo 
white. B.'s reaction for indol, a watery solution of 
indol to which have been added 2 or 3 drops of fuming 
nitric acid and then a 2 % solution of potassium 
nitrite drop by drop, yields a red liquid and then a 
red precipitate of nitrosoindol nitrate, Ci6Hi3(NO)- 
N21HNO3. 

bag [AS., balg], 1. A sac. 2. The scrotum, b., 
intragastric, an elastic rubber bag which, when 
folded over a tube which runs through it, occupies 
less space than in ordinary stomach-tube, and 
which has the exact shape of the stomach when it is 
inflated within that organ. It is employed to obtain 
the contents of the duodenum, b. of waters, the 
fetal membranes inclosing the liquor amnii and 
projecting through the os uteri early in labor. The 
sac usually ruptures when the cervix is dilated. 

bagnio (ban' -yd) [It., bagno, from Latin balneum, 
a bath]. 1. A bath-house. 2. A house of prostitution. 

Bagot's local anesthesia mixture. Cocaine hydro- 
chloride, 0.04 gm. and sparteine sulphate, 0.05 gm.; 
this is dissolved in 1 or 2 c.c. of boiled water. 

Baillarger's outer band, line, or layer (bi'-yar-gha) 
[Jules Gabriel Francois Baillarger, French neurool- 
gist, 1806-1891]. A white band in the layer of large 
pyramidal cells of the cortex cerebri. See also 
Gennari and Vicq d'Azyr. B.'s internal band or line, 
a white band between the layer of large pyramidal 
cells and the polymorphous layers of the cortex. 
B.'s sign, difference in the size of the pupils in 
paralytic dementia. 

bain-marie (ban-mah-re') [Fr.]. An instrument 
for immersing solutions, microorganisms, etc., in 
water or chemical solutions, thus keeping them at a 
desired temperature. 

Bain's method of artificial respiration. A modi- 
fication of Sylvester's method (q. v.); the structures 
surrounding the axilla are seized so that traction is 
made directly upon the pectoral muscles. 

Baker's cysts [William Morrant Baker, English 
surgeon, 1839- 1896]. Hernial protrusions of the 
synovial membrane of the joints through the fibrous 
capsule. 

bakers' itch. An eczematous affection of the 
hands, caused by the irritation of the yeast, b.'s 
leg, knock-knee, or genu valgum, b.'s salt. A 
synonym of smelling-salts or ammonium bicarbonate; 
it is sometimes used by bakers in leavening cakes. 
b.'s stigmata, corns on the fingers from kneading 
dough. 

bakkola (bak'-o-lah). A fungus which grows on 
birch trees in Finland; it is used in the form of a 
decoction as a cancer-cure. 

balance (bal'-ans) [L., bilanx, having two scales]. 
1. An instrument for weighing. 2. The harmonious 
adjustment of related parts, b., electromagnetic, 
an apparatus for estimating the intensity of electric 
currents, b., thermic. See bolometer, b., torsion, 
an instrument for estimating magnetic attraction 
and repulsion. 

balanic (bal'-an-ik) [/SaXaws, the glans penis]. 
Pertaining to the glans of the penis or of the clitoris. 

balanism (bal'-an-izm) [/SaXcwos, acorn; pessary; 
the glans penis]. The application of a pessary or 
suppository. 

balanitis (bal-an-i'-tis) [Pakavos, the glans penis; 
ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the glans penis. 

balano- (bal-an-o-) [QaXavos, the glans penis]. A 
prefix meaning relating to the glans penis. 

balanoblennorrhea (bal-an-o-blen-or-e'-ah) [balano-; 
pxkwa., mucus; poia, a flow]. Gonorrheal balanitis. 

balanocele (bal-an' -o-sel) [balano-; /c^Xr?, a hernia]. 
The protrusion of the glans through an opening in 
the prepuce, as occurs in gangrenous phimosis. 

balanoplasty (bal-an' -o-plas-te) [balano-; irXaaaeiv , 
to form]. Plastic surgery of the glans penis. 

balanoposthitis (bal-an-o-pos-thi'-tis) [balano-; 
irbcrdr), prepuce; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation 
of the glans penis and of the prepuce. 

balanopreputial (bal-an-o-pre-pu'-she-al) [balano-; 
prceputium, prepuce]. Relating to the glans penis 
and the prepuce. 

balanorrhagia (bal-an-or-a'-je-ah) [balano-; piyy- 
vwai, to burst out]. Gonorrheal balanitis, with 
copious discharge of pus. 

balanorrhea (bal-an-or-e'-ah) balano-; poia, a flow]. 
Purulent balanitis. 

Balantidium (bal-an-lid'-e-um) [PaXavridtov, dim. 
of PahLvTiov, a bag]. A genus of protozoa. B. coli, 



a protozoan parasite found in the intestine of man 
and other vertebrates. B. minutum, a protozoan 
found in the feces, smaller than the B. coli. 

balanus (bal'-an-us) [fiakavos, an acorn]. 1. The 
glans of the prepuce or of the clitoris. 2. A pledget, 
suppository, or pessary. 

balata (bal-at'-ah) [native Guiana]. The dried 
milky juice of the bully-tree, Mimusops balata, and 
of several other sapotaceous trees of Guiana. It is 
intermediate between caoutchouc and guttapercha, 
and is used chiefly in England as a substitute for 
these. 

balatin (bal'-at-in). The creamy sap from a South 
American tree, Mimusops kauki; it is used as a 
varnish and vehicle in skin diseases. 

Balbiani, body of (bal-be-ah'-ne) [Balbiani, Italian 
physician, ]. The yolk-nucleus or idio- 

some, a small body seen near the nucleus of the 
oocyte. 

balbuties (bal-bu'-she-ez) [balbutire, to stammer]. 
Stammering. 

bald (bawld) [ME., balde, bald]. Wanting hair. 
A term applied to one who has lost the hair of the 
scalp, b. ringworm. See tinea tonsurans. 

baldness (bawld' -nes). Loss of hair; alopecia. 

Baldy's operation (bawl'-de) [John Montgomery 
Baldy, American gynecologist, i860- ]. For 
prolapse of the uterus. The uterus is removed at 
the internal os, and the cervical stump is fixed to 
the abdominal wall at the lower end of the incision 
by means of two silkworm-gut sutures; these latter 
are made to transfix the cervical stump from side to 
side and the free ends are brought through the 
peritoneum, muscles, and deep fascia. They are 
then securely t ied and cut off short and the knots 
are buried, and the abdominal incision is closed. 

Balfour's disease [George William Balfour, English 
physician, 1822-1903]. A fatal disease of childhood, 
with postmortem findings of greenish-yellow or 
greenish-gray fibrosarcoma in various parts of the 
body, especially the periosteum. Syn., chloroma; 
chlorosarcoma. 

ball (bawl) [ME., bal]. 1. An object having a round 
or spherical shape. 2. In anatomy, any globular part. 
3. In veterinary medicine a pill or bolus, b. of foot, 
the rounded part at the base of the great toe. b. of 
thumb, the rounded part at the base of the thumb. 
b., martial, balls made of 2 parts of cream of tartar 
and 1 part of iron filings; they were used in the 
preparation of ferruginous baths. Syn., boli martis; 
globuli martis. b.-and-socket joint. See diarthrosis 
and enarthrosis. b.-thrombus, a non-attached ante- 
mortem clot in the heart. 

Ball's operation. 1. Iliac colotomy, in which the 
incision is made in the left semilunar line, and the 
bowel secured above and below the future artificial 
opening by means of two special clamps, which are 
removed after suturing and opening of the bowel. 
2. For inguinal hernia; the sac is separated up to 
the abdominal portion of the neck, and then twisted 
around its own axis, after which the fundus is cut 
away and the stump is secured in the ring. 

ballet-dancer's cramp. See cramp. 

Ballet's disease (bal-la') [Gilbert Ballet, French 
ophthalmologist, 1853- ]. Ophthalmoplegia ex- 
terna. B.'s sign, the loss of all voluntary movements 
of the eyeball, with preservation of the automatic 
movements and integrity of the movements of the 
pupil. It is seen in B.'s disease, hysteria and ex- 
ophthalmic goiter. 

Ballingal's disease. Mycetoma. 

ballismus (bal-iz'-mus) [/SaXXicrjuos, a leaping]. 
1. Chorea. 2. Paralysis agitans. 

balloon (bal-oon') [Mod. E., baloon, a large bag]. 
1. In chemistry, a spherical glass receiver with a 
short neck. 2. To distend a body -cavity by means 
of air-bags or water-bags. b. sickness, an abnormal 
condition due to the breathing of an insufficient 
amount of oxygen. 

ballonnement (bal-lon-mon(g)) [Fr.]. The balloon- 
ing or distending of a part for operative or diagnostic 
purposes. 

ballooning (bal-oon' -ing). Surgical distention of 
the vagina or other cavity of the body, by air-bags 
or water-bags. 

ballottement (bal-ot-mon(g)) [Fr., ballottement, 
tossing; shaking about]. A method of diagnosing 
pregnancy from the fourth to the eighth month. A 
push is given the uterus by the finger inserted into 
the vagina, and if the fetus is present, it will rise and 



BALM 



125 



BANDAGE 



fall again like a heavy body in water, b., cephalic, 
the rebound of the fetal head against the hand when 
depressed through the abdominal wall, b., ocular, 
the falling of opaque particles in a fluid vitreous humor 
after movements of the eyeball. 

balm (bahm) [balsamum, a balsam], i. A popular 
synonym of balsam. 2. Any soothing application 
or ointment. See melissa. b. of Gilead, an oleoresin 
obtained from the Balsamodendron gileadense. 

bahnony (bal'-mo-ne) [origin uncertain]. The herb 
Chelone glabra; cathartic and anthelmintic. Dose 
of the fldext. 5 ss-j. Chelonin, the concentrated ext. 
Dose gr. j-iv. 

balneal (bal'-ne-al). Relating to baths. 

balneation (bal-ne-a'-shun) [balneian, a bath]. 
1. The act of bathing. 2. Balneotherapy. 

balneography (bal-ne-og'-ra-fe) [balneum; ypa<f>ij, a 
writing]. A treatise on bathing, baths, and mineral 
springs. 

balneology (bal-ne-ol'-o-je) [balneum; \6yos, sci- 
ence]. The science of baths and mineral waters, 
and their effects upon the system. 

balneophysiology (bal-ne-o-fiz-e-ol'-o-je) [balneum; 
physiology]. The physiology of bathing; the science 
of the effects of baths upon the system. 

balneotechnics {bal-ne-o-tek'-niks) [balneum, a 
bath; rkxvri, an art]. The art of properly preparing 
baths as to constituents and temperature and the 
administration of them. 

balneotherapeutics (bal-ne-o-ther-ap-u'-tiks). See 
balneotherapy. 

balneotherapy (bal-ne-o-lher'-ap-e) [balneum; depa- 
ireia, treatment]. Systematic bathing for thera- 
peutic purposes, or the treatment of disease by baths. 

balneum (bal'-ne-um) [L.]. A bath. See bath. 
b. arenas, a sand-bath. See ammotherapy. b. lac- 
teum, a milk-bath. b. luteum, a mud-bath. b. 
pneumaticum, an air-bath. 

balsam (bawl'-sam) [^aXa-a/iov, the resin of the 
balsam-tree]. The resinous, volatile, aromatic sub- 
stance, liquid or solid, obtained from certain trees 
by natural exudation or by artificial extraction. 
Balsams are divided into two classes — those with, and 
those without, benzoic and cinnamic acids. In 
general they are mixtures of various essential oils, 
resins, and acids, b.-apple, the plant Momordica 
balsamina, and its warty, gourd-like fruit. It is 
purgative, but its tincture is used in domestic medi- 
cine chiefly as a vulnerary, b.-bog, a singular stone- 
like, woody, umbelliferous plant, Bolax, or Azorella 
glebaria, of the Falkland Islands and Patagonia. Its 
aromatic gum is locally prized as a vulnerary, desic- 
cative, and antigonorrheal remedy, b., Canada, 
a turpentine gathered from the natural blisters of 
the bark of Abies balsamea. It is used as a mounting- 
medium by microscopists. See under turpentine. 
b. of copaiba. See copaiba, b. of fir. Same as b., 
Canada, b., friars'. See benzoin, b., Houmiri, 
b., Humiri, the fragrant exudate from the trees 
Humiria balsamifera and H. floribunda, natives of 
South America. It is used as an expectorant and 
vermifuge. Syn., Umire. b. of Peru {balsamum 
peruvianum, U. S. P.), the balsam obtained from 
Toluifera pereirce; antiseptic, stimulant to the circu- 
lation, and sedative to the nervous system, tonic 
and expectorant. Applied locally, it is useful in 
chronic inflammatory skin diseases. Dose of the 
emulsion 10-25 min. (0.6-1.5 Cc). b.-root, a 
popular name for certain composite-flowered plants 
of the genus Balsamorrhiza. B. hookerii, B. macro- 
phylla, and B. sagittata are common in the Pacific 
States and abound in a resinous balsam, b., Samari- 
tan, a mixture of equal parts of oil and wine, heated 
together, and a tenth part of rosemary leaves, b., 
stimulant, a mixture of 8 parts of turpentine and 1 
part of mustard flour, b., sulphur, a mixture of 8 
parts of olive oil and 1 part of sublimed sulphur 
heated together, b., tagulaway, b., tagulavay, a 
yellow oil prepared in the Philippines by boiling the 
bark and twigs of the cebu, Parameria vulneraria, 
in cocoanut oil; it is used as a vulnerary and in skin 
diseases. Syn., cebur; Jagulaway balsam, b. of 
Tolu, b. of Tolutan {balsamum tolutanum, U. S. P.), 
obtained from Toluifera balsamum. Its properties 
are due to a volatile oil, toluene. It possesses an 
agreeable odor, and is a basis for many cough- 
mixtures. It is expectorant. See also Tolu. 

balsamation (bawl-sam-a'-shun) [see balsam]. 

1. Embalmment with balsamic or aromatic spices. 

2. The act of rendering balsamic. 



balsamic {bawl-sam' -ik) . Pertaining to or having 
the nature or qualities of a balsam, b. tincture, 
compound tincture of benzoin. 

balsamodendron (bawl-sam-o-den'-dron). See bdel- 
lium and myrrh. 

balsamum (bawl'-sam-um) [balsam]. A balsam. 
b. dipterocarpi. See Gurjun balsam. 

Balser's fat-necrosis (bol'-ser) [August Balser, 
German surgeon]. An acute disease of the pancreas 
with areas of fat-necrosis in the interlobular tissue 
of that organ, in the omentum and mesentery, at 
times also in the pericardial fat and bone-marrow. 

Bamberger's bulbar pulse (bam'-ber-ger) [Heinrich 
von Bamberger, Austrian physician, 1822-1888]. 
Pulsation of the jugular vein, — the bulbus venae 
jugularis, — synchronous with the systole, in tricuspid 
insufficiency. B.'s disease, saltatory spasm. B.'s 
fluid, an albuminous mercuric compound used in the 
treatment of syphilis. It is made as follows: To 
100 Cc. of a filtered solution of white of egg (con- 
taining 40 Cc. of albumin and 60 Cc. of water) there 
are added 60 Cc. of a solution of mercuric chloride 
(containing 5 %, or 3 Gm., of mercuric chloride and 
60 Cc. of a solution of sodium chloride (containing 
20 %) ; finally, 80 Cc. of distilled wacer is added, which 
brings the bulk of the solution up to 300, containing 
0.010 mercuric chloride in every cubic cencimeter. 
B.'s hematogenic albuminuria, albuminuria occurring 
during the later stages of severe anemia. B.'s sign, 
allocheiria; perception of a stimulus applied to the 
skin of one extremity at the corresponding place 
on the other extremity. B.'s type of hypertrophic 
pulmonary osteopathy, a form in which painful 
thickenings of the long bones, especially of the 
forearm and leg, are a prominent symptom. 

bamboo {bam-boo') [E. Ind., bambu]. A popular 
name for many tree-like, woody-stemmed grasses, 
especially those of the genus Bambusa. Bambusa 
arundinacea is employed as an alterative, anthel- 
mintic, and depurative. b.-brier, the root of Smilax 
sarsaparilla, habitat, southern United States. Its 
properties are identical with those of sarsaparilla. 
Dose of the fluidextract \-2 dr. (2-8 Cc). 

banana {ban-an'-ah) [Sp.]. The fruit of the 
common banana, Musa sapientium, said to be a 
valuable alterative, and useful in strumous affections. 
Dose of the fluidextract 10-30 min. (0.6-2.0 Cc). 

bananina {ban-an-in'-ah). Banana flour, plantain 
flour: the fruit of Musa sapientium, dried and pul- 
verized. 

banausea (ban-aw'-shur) [fiavavaia, handicraft]. 
Mechanical work as opposed to mental achievement; 
Hippocrates' term for the practice of medicine 
regarded from a commercial standpoint rather than 
as an art; quackery. 

band [ME., bande]. That which binds. A stripe. 
A ligament, b.s, amniotic, bands formed by drawn- 
out adhesions between the fetus and the amnion 
where the cavity has become distended through the 
accumulation of fluid. Syn., Simonart's bands, b., 
anogenital, the rudiment of the perineum; a trans- 
verse band of integument completing the division 
of the cloaca in the embryo, b. auriculoventricular, 
the bundle of His. b., axis, the primitive streak. 
b., belly-, a flannel band wound around the abdomen. 
b. of the colon, inner, a band-like thickening of the 
muscular coat running along the inner surface of 
the ascending and descending colon and the inferior 
aspect of the transverse colon, b.s, fetoamniotic, 
amniotic bands producing deformities or intrauterine 
amputation, b., furrowed, a small band of cinerea 
uniting the uvula cerebelli with the cerebellar tonsils. 
b., head-, a strap for securing a mirror to the fore- 
head, b., horny (of Tarinus), the fore part of the 
taenia semicircularis. b., mesoblastic, a band of 
mesoblastic cells which extends the entire length of 
the embryo, b., moderator, a fibromuscular fillet 
that frequently extends across the right ventricle 
of the heart. Syn., Moderator band. b. of Remak. 
See fiber, axial; also Purkinje, axis-cylinder of. b.s, 
supraorbital, the embryonal thickenings above the 
eyes and to the outer side of them. 

bandage (ban'-daj) [Fr., bande, a strip]. Bandages 
are usually strips of muslin or other material, of 
varying widths and lengths, used in surgery for the 
purpose of protecting, compressing, etc., a part, or 
for the retention of dressings and applications. 
A simple bandage or roller consists of one piece; a 
compound, of two or more pieces. Starch, plaster- 
of-paris, silica, dextrin, tripoliih, etc., are used for 



BANDAGES 



126 



BANDAGES 





Barton's Bandage. 



Recurrent of Head. 





i. Circular Turns. Spiral Reversed of the 

2. Oblique Turns. Forearm. 

3. Spiral Turns. 




Spiral Reversed Bandage. 




Spica of Foot. 



Figure of 8 of Upper Extremity. 



BANDAGES 



127 



BANDAGES 




Spiral of the Chest. 



Desa ult's Bandage. 



BANDAGER 



128 



BARFOED'S REAGENT 



making stiff and immovable dressings or bandages. 
According to their direction, bandages are classed as: 
I. Circular, circular turns about the part. 2. Figure- 
of-S, the turns crossing one another like the figure 8. 

3. Oblique, covering the part by oblique turns. 

4. Recurrent, the turns returning successively to the 
point of origin. 5. Spica, the turns resembling the 
arrangement of the husks of an ear of corn. 6. Spiral, 
each turn covering one-half of the preceding. 7. 
Spiral reverse, the bandage is reversed in order 
better to adapt it to the part. Bandages are also 
classed according to the part to which they are 
applied. (See illustrations on pp. 126, 127.) b., 
abdominal. See binder, b., recurrent, a bandage 
used after amputations, to support the flaps of the 
stump, b.s, T-, bandages shaped like the letter T. 

bandager (ban'-da-jer). One skilled in the appli- 
cation of bandages. See dtesser. 

bandagist (ban'-da-jist). A maker of trusses, 
bandages, and other surgical appliances to be worn 
upon the person. 

bandelette (ban-dl-lef) . A small bundle. 

Bandeloux's bed (band-loo'). An air-bed furnished 
with a vessel for urine and surmounted with a gauze- 
covered cradle. 

Bandl's ring [Ludwig Bandl, German obstetrician, 
1 842-1 892]. The line of depression sometimes felt 
on digital pressure just above the pubes during 
labor-pains; it corresponds to the site of the internal 
os uteri. 

bandolin (ban'-do-lin) [origin uncertain]. A 
mucilage made usually of quince-seeds, or of gum- 
tragacanth, used mainly as a paste for confining 
the hair and making it lustrous; it is called also 
fixature. See cydonium. 

bandy leg (ban'-de leg). Bow-leg, genu valgum. 

baneberry (ban'-ber-e). See Actcea. 

bang, bhang, bangue (bang). See cannabis indica. 

Bang's bacillus [Bernhard L. F. Bang, Danish 
physician, 1848- ]. The Bacillus abortus. 

banian (ban'-yan) [At., banyan, a trader]. A 
South Asiatic fig-tree, Ficus bengalensis, remarkable 
for the development of roots and secondary trunks 
from its branches. The bark and seeds are tonic, 
diuretic, and antipyretic. 

bant [see Banting treatment]. To try the Banting 
treatment. 

Banti's disease (ban'-te) [Guido Banti, Italian 
physician]. Enlargement of the spleen with progres- 
sive anemia, followed by hepatic cirrhosis. 

Bantingism (ban'-ting-izm) See Banting treat- 
ment. 

Banting treatment (ban'-ting) [William Banting, 
English undertaker, 1797-1878]. A treatment of 
obesity; the withdrawal of carbohydrates from the 
food, and the use of a diet of nitrogenous food. 

banyan (ban'-yan). See banian. 

B. A. O. Abbreviation for Bachelor of the Art of 
Obstetrics. 

baobab tree. See Adansonia digitata. 

baptin (bap'-tin) [baptisia]. A purgative glucoside 
obtainable from Baptisia tinctoria. 

baptisia (bap-tiz'-e-ah) [fiairTuns, a dipping]. 
Wild indigo. The root-bark of B. tinctoria, the 
properties of which are due to an impure glucoside, 
the socalled baptisin. It is laxative and stimulant 
in moderate doses, emetic and cathartic in large doses, 
and is used in amenorrhea, typhus and typhoid 
fevers, and as a local application to indolent ulcers 
and gangrenous sores. Dose of the resin 1-5 gr. 
(0.065-0.32 Gm.). b., extract of. Dose 1-10 gr. 
(0.065-0.65 Gm.). b., fluidextract of. Dose 2-20 
min. (0.13-1.3 Cc). b., tincture of. Dose 5-30 
min. (0.32-2.0 Cc). 

baptisin (bap'-tiz-in) [baptisia]. 1. A precipitate 
from the tincture of Baptisia tinctoria; antiseptic, 
purgative, ecbolic, resolvent. Dose 1-3 gr. (0.065- 
0.2 Gm.). 2. A bitter glucoside obtainable from the 
plant Baptisia tinctoria; it has little medicinal activity. 
baptitoxine (bap-tit-oks'-in) [baptisia; to^lkov, a 
poison]. A poisonous alkaloid obtained from Baptisia 
tinctoria. It hastens respiration and exaggerates 
vasomotor activity. 

baptothecorrhea (bap-to-the-kor-e'-ah) [/Sdir-ros, in- 
fected; 0rjKri, vagina; peeiv, to flow]. Gonorrhea in 
women. 

baptorrhea (bap-tor-e'-ah) [/3dxroj, infected; pkeiv, 
to flow]. Any infectious discharge from a mucous 
surface, as gonorrhea. 

bapturethrorrhea (bap-tu-reth-ro-re'-ah) [fid-wros, 



infected; urethra; pketv, to flow]. Urethral gonor- 
rhea; gonorrhea of men. 

bar [OF., barre]. 1. A band or stripe. 2. The 
part of the upper jaw of a horse destitute of teeth. 
3. An arch. 4. A prominence of the symphysis 
pubis projecting into the pelvic cavity. 5. A unit of 
atmospheric pressure representing one megadyne 
per square centimeter. b.s, hyoid, the pair of 
cartilaginous plates forming the second visceral 
arch, b., interureteric, same as b. of bladder, b. 
of bladder, the transverse curved ridge joining the 
openings of the ureters on the inner surface of the 
bladder; it forms the posterior boundary of the tri- 
gone. Syn., bar of the bladder; interureteric bar; 
plica ureterica. 

Barany's sign, B.'s nystagmus (bah'-rah-ne) 
[Robert Bar any, Austrian otologist, 1876- ]. 
If the labyrinth of the ear is diseased injection of 
water into the external auditory canal causes no 
nystagmus; if the labyrinth is not diseased, similar 
injection of water causes nystagmus, such nystagmus 
being towards the same side if the temperature of 
the water is above that of the body, and towards 
the opposite side if the temperature of the water is 
below that of the body. See Past pointing. 

barba (bar'-bah) [L.]. 1. The beard. 2. A hair of 
the beard. 

Barbados aloes (bar-ba f -doz al'-oz) [Barbados, an 
island in the West Indies]. See aloes. B. distemper. 
Synonym of yellow fever. B. leg. See elephantiasis 
arabum. B. nut. See purging nut. 

barbaloin (bar-bal'-o-in) [Barbados; &X617, aloe], 
C17H20O7. The aloin derived from Barbados aloes. 

barbel (bar'-bel) [barba, a beard]. The fish Cyprinus 
barbus; the roe is used as a purgative in some coun- 
tries, and causes vomiting and purging if eaten to 
excess, b. cholera, an epidemic of fish-poisoning 
from eating diseased barbels. The symptoms are 
identical with those of cholera nostras, and are due 
to a ptomaine. Syn., gastric ichthyotoxism. 

barberry (bar'-ber-e). See berberis. b. gum, a 
commercial name of certain varieties of gum-arabic. 
barber's itch. Sycosis parasitaria. 
Barberio's test for semen (bar-ba'-re-o). A drop 
of spermatic fluid or an aqueous extract of a sper- 
matic stain when treated with a saturated aqueous 
solution of picric acid, shows a precipitate of yellow 
refractile cystals which increase in size. 

barbiers (bar'-berz) [E. Ind.]. A paralytic affec- 
tion common in India, and probably a myelitis. 
It is often confounded with beriberi. 

barcoo (bar'-koo) [Australian]. A peculiar disease, 
marked by nausea and vomiting, common in Austra- 
lia. Its cause is unknown. It is also called "Fly- 
sickness." 

Bard's sign [Louis Bard, Swiss physician, 1857- 
]. To diffei entiate between organic and con- 
genital nystagmus. In the former the oscillations of 
the eyeball increase when the patient follows the 
physician's finger, moved before his eye alternately 
from right to left and from left to right. In the 
latter the oscillations disappear under these con- 
ditions. 

bardana (bar-da'-nah) [L.]. The burdock. See 
lappa. 

Bardinet's ligament (bar-de-na) [Barthelemy Al- 
phonse Bardinet, French physician, 1809-1874]- The 
posterior fasciculus of the internal lateral ligament of 
the elbow-joint; it is attached above to the postero- 
irferior portion of the internal condyle, and below, 
by its expanded border, to the inner side of the 
olecranon process. 

Bareggi's reaction or sign (bar-ej'-e). Twenty or 30 
drops of blood collected in a small test-tube and 
allowed to stand for 24 hours will show a nonretracted 
clot and a small amount of serum if the blood has been 
taken from a typhoid-fever patient. In tuberculosis, 
on the other hand, the clot will retract and an 
abundance of serum will be formed. 
baregin (bar-a'-zhin). See glairin 
baresthesiometer (bar-es-the-ze-om'-et-er) [fiapos, 
weight; ala9ri<rt,s, perception; vkrpov, a measure]. An 
instrument for estimating the sense of weight or 
pressure. 

baresthesiometric (bar-es-the-ze-o-met'-rik) . Relat- 
ing to the baresthesiometer. 

Barfoed's reagent for dextrose (bar'-fed) [Christen 
Thomsen Barfoed, Swedish physician, 18 15-1889]. 
One part copper acetate dissolved in 15 parts of 
water; 5 Cc. of acetic acid containing 38 % of glacial 



BARIC 



129 



BARRY 



acetic acid, added to 200 Cc. of this solution. Heat 
this reagent with a dextrose solution, and a reduction 
of copper suboxide is produced, but not when heated 
with lactose or maltose. 

baric (ba'-rik) [barium]. Pertaining to or con- 
taining barium. 

barilla (bar-il'-ah) [Fr., barille, impure soda]. 
Impure sodium carbonate; being ashes obtained by 
burning various chenopodiaceous plants of the 
genera Salicornia and Salsola. They contain about 
30 % of sodium carbonate. 

barium (ba'-re-um) [/Sapos, weight]. Ba=i37-37; 
quantivalence II. A metal of the group of alkaline 
earths, of pale yellow color, characterized by a 
strong affinity for oxygen. The salts are poisonous. 
b. arsenate, Ba3(As04)2, a white powder, almost 
insoluble in water. It is used in tuberculosis and 
in skin diseases. Dose & — 1 gr. (0.004-0.016 Gm.). 
b. benzoate, Ba(C7H502)2+2H20, small, colorless 
plates; it is used instead of digitalis as a heart- 
stimulant, b. carbonate, BaCG-3, used in the pre- 
paration of the chloride, b. chloride, BaCh . 2H2O, 
soluble, used as a test for sulphates, which it precipi- 
tates as barium sulphate, and also as a cardiac and 
vasomotor stimulant. Dose §— 5 gr. (0.032-0.32 
Gm.). b. chromate, BaCr04, yellow crystals, in- 
soluble in water; it is used as a pigment. Syn., yellow 
ultramarine, b. hydrate, b. hydroxide, Ba(OH)2, 
caustic baryta; a crystalline substance, soluble in 
water, and used as a test for sulphates, which it 
precipitates as barium sulphate, b. iodide, formerly 
used as an alterative. Dose f gr. (0.008 Gm.). 
It is employed in ointments, b. manganate, Ba- 
MnO*, emerald-green powder of microscopic prisms 
or six-sided plates; it has been used as a pigment. 
b. meconate, a compound of barium and meconic 
acid; it is used as an anthelmintic, b. oxide, BaO, 
baryta, b. sulphate, BaSO"4. b. sulphide, BaS, a 
white, phosphorescent powder, soluble in water; it is 
used as an alterant. Dose §-1 gr. (0.032-0.065 Gm.) 
in keratin-coated pills, b. sulphocarbolate, Ba(G;H5- 
S04)2, colorless crystals, soluble in water; it is anti- 
septic. 

bark [ME., barke]. 1. The cortex or covering 
surrounding the wood of exogenous trees. 2. Syno- 
nym of Cinchona or Calisaya bark, b., Jesuits', 
cinchona, b., Peruvian. See cinchona. (For other 
barks, see the names of the plants or trees that 
produce them.) 

Barker's operation (bar'-ker) [Arthur Edward 
James Barker, English surgeon, 1850- ]. 1. For 
excision of the astragalus; the incision runs from just 
above the tip of the external malleolus forward 
and a little inward, curving toward the dorsum of 
the foot. 2. For excision of the hip; by an anterior 
incision, commencing on the front of the thigh, 
one-half inch below the anterior superior iliac spine, 
and running downward and inward for three inches. 

Barker's post-partum pill {bar'-ker) [Fordyce Bar- 
ker, American obstetrician, 1817-1891]. A laxative 
pill recommended for use during the puerperium. It 
contains compound extract of colocynth, if gr., 
purified aloes f gr., extract nux vomica T % gr., resin 
of podophyllum ts gr., ipecac T V gr-. extract of hyos- 
cyamus ii gr. 

Barkow's ligament (bar'-ko) [Hans Carl Leopold 
Barkow, German anatomist, 1 798-1 873]. Ligament- 
ous bundles lying in the fatty tissue of the olecranon 
fossa; they pass from the upper border of the fossa 
vertically downward to join the deeper fibers of the 
posterior ligament of the elbow-joint. 

barley (bar'-le) [ME., barly]. A cereal belonging 
to the order Graminece; the most common variety, 
Hordeum distichon, is used as a food, _ and also in 
the preparation of malt, b., decoction of. See 
b.-water. b., pearl-, the decorticated grain, rounded 
and polished, b.-water (decoclum hordei, B. P.), 
a decoction consisting of 2 ounces of pearl-barley 
boiled in i| pints of water and afterward strained. 
It is used as a demulcent and food in the diarrheas 
of children. Dose 1-4 oz. (30-120 Cc). 

Barlow's disease (bar'-lo) [Sir Thomas Barlow, 
English physician, 1845- ]. Infantile scurvy, 
generally associated with rickets, and characterized 
by subperiosteal hemorrhages, especially of the 
long bones, with painful swellings. 

barm (barm). Yeast. 

Barnes' cervical zone (barnz) [Robert Barnes, 
English obstetrician, 1817-1907]. The lowest fourth 
of the internal surface of the uterus. B.'s curve, 



in obstetrics, the segment of a circle, having for its 
center the sacral promontory, its concavity looking 
backward. B.'s dilators, or bags, graduated rubber 
bags used fo. dilating the cc v .•; uteri in the induction 
of abortion or premature labor. 

baro- (bar'-o-) [/3dpos, weight]. A prefix implying 
heaviness. 

baroelectroesthesiometer (bar-o-e-lek-tro-es-the-ze- 
om'-et-er) [baro-; electric; at<rdri<ns, perception; p.erpov, 
a measure]. An apparatus to determine the amount 
of pressure when electric sensibility to pain is felt. 

barograph (bar'-o-graf) [baro-; ypafaiv, to record]. 
A self-registering barometer. 

barology (bar-ol'-o-je) [baro-; \6yos, science]. The 
branch of physics dealing with gravitation. 

baromacrometer (bar-o-mak-rom'-et-er) [baro-; 
panpos, long; nerpov, measure]. An apparatus for as- 
certaining the weight and length of new-born infants. 

barometer (bar-om'-et-er) [baro-; ukrpov, a measure]. 
An instrument for determining the weight and 
tension of the atmosphere. It consists essentially 
of a glass tube, about 36 inches long, closed at one 
end, filled with mercury, and inverted in a basin of 
mercury. The mercury will sink in the tube until 
it rests at a height of about 30 inches (760 mm.) at 
the sea-level, the height varying as the atmospheric 
pressure increases or diminishes, b., air, a baro- 
meter with air or gas imprisoned above the column 
of liquid; the variations of atmospheric pressure are 
indicatedby the changes in the volume of this air. 
b., aneroid, a metallic box from which the air has 
been exhausted, the tension being indicated by the 
collapsing or bulging of the thin, corrugated cover, 
which is _ connected with a movable index, b., 
boiling-point, an instrument for determining the 
atmospheric pressure through observation of the 
boiling-point of water. Syn., barothermometer ; hypso- 
meter; thermobarometer. b.-maker's disease, a form 
of chronic mercurial poisoning among the workmen 
who make barometers. It is due to the inhalation 
of the fumes of mercury. 

barometric (bar-o-met'-rik). Relating to atmo- 
spheric pressure, to a barometer, or to barometry. 
b. light, the glow produced by the mercury in a 
barometer tube when shaken. 

barometrograph (bar-o-met'-ro-graf). See baro- 
graph. 

barometry (bar-om'-et-re). The science of atmo- 
spheric pressure and the use of the barometer. 

baroscope (bar'-o-skop) [baro-; vko-kHv, to observe]. 
An instrument used for determining the loss of 
weight of a body in air, compared with its weight 
in a vacuum. A form of baroscope has been invented 
by Esbach for the quantitative determination of urea. 

Barosma (bar-oz'-mah) [baro-; 6a-p.ii, smell]. A 
genus of plants of the order Rutacece, native to the 
Cape of Good Hope and vicinity, several species of 
which yield the buchu of commerce 

barosmin (bar-oz'-min) [barosma]. A precipitate 
from the tincture of Barosma crenulata. Dose 2-3 
gr. (0.13-0.2 Gm.). 

barotaxis (bar-o-taks'-is) [baro-; raits, orderly 
arrangement]. Reaction of living matter to changes 
in pressure. 

barotropism (bar-ot'-ro-pizm) [baro-; rpo-n-fi, turn- 
ing]. See barotaxis. 

Barral's test for albumin and bile-pigments. 
Cover the urine in a test-tube with a layer of 20 % 
solution of aseptol (orthophenolsulphonic acid), and 
in the presence of albumin a white ring will form at 
the zone of contact of the two fluids; f of a grain 
of albumin in 1 liter of urine may be thus detected. 
Mucin causes a similar appearance, but it disappears 
on boiling. A green ring will indicate the presence 
of bile-pigments. This is much more sensitive than 
the color test with fuming nitric acid. 

barrenness (bar'-en-nes). Sterility in the female. 

Barringtonia (bar-ing-to' -ne-ah) [D. Barrington, 
an English naturalist]. A genus of plants of the 
order Myrtacecs. B. acutangula is a tree growing in 
Australia and India. The juice from the leaves 
mixed with oil is used in skin diseases; the root is 
bitter, cooling, and aperient, and is said to be similar 
to cinchona; the seeds, prepared with sago and 
butter, are used in diarrhea. B. bulonica is a tree of 
Australia and India. The outer portion of the fruit 
is used to stupefy fish. B. racemosa has properties 
similar to B. acutangula. 

Barry, retinacula of (bar'-e) [Martin Barry, Eng- 
lish scientist, 1802-1855]. Tense filaments running 



BARSATI 



130 



BASIHYAL 



from the thickened portion of the cellular membrane 
lining the Graafian follicle to other parts of the 
membrane. 

barsati (bar-sat-e') . A disease affecting horses, 
considered analogous to cancer. Syn., atrophic 
carcinoma. 

Bartholin, duct of (bar'-tho-lin) [Caspar Bartholin, 
Danish anatomist, 1655-1738]. The larger and longer 
of the sublingual ducts,' opening into the mouth 
near to, or in common with, Wharton's duct. B., 
foramen of, the obturator foramen. B., glands of, 
the vulvovaginal glands, a pair of glands situated 
at the entrance of the vagina, one on each side, and 
corresponding to Cowper's glands in the male. 

Bartholinian abscess. An abscess of Bartholin's 
glands. 

bartholinitis (Jbar-to-lin-i'-tis). Inflammation of 
Bartholin's glands. 

Barton's bandage [John Rhea Barton, American 
surgeon, 1704-1871]. A bandage for the lower jaw. 
B.'s fracture, the separation of the posterior portion 
of the lower articular surface of the radius. 

Baruch's sign (bar'-ook) [Simon Baruch, American 
physician, 1840- ]. The resistance of the rectal 
temperature to a bath, of 75° for 15 minutes, with 
friction; it is pathognomonic of typhoid fever. 

baruria {bar-u'-re-ah) [fiapvs, heavy; olpov, urine]. 
The passage of urine having a high specific gravity; 
also the condition of the body associated therewith. 

Barwell's operation (bar'-wel). Osteotomy for 
genu valgum: division of the lower and upper end 
of the tibia above and below their respective epi- 
physes. 

bary- (bar-e-) [fiapvs, heavy]. A prefix meaning 
heavy, dull, or hard. 

baryecoia {bar-e-ek-oi'-ah) [j8apwj/coia, hardness 
of hearing]. Hardness of hearing; partial deafness. 

baryencephalia {bar-e-en-sef-a'-le-ah) [bary-; £yici<f>- 
aXos, brain]. Dulness of intellect. 

baryencephalus (Jbar-e-en-sef-al-us) [see baryen- 
cephalia]. A person with dull intellect. 

baryglossia (Jbar-e-glos'-e-ah) [bary-; y'hcbaaa, 
tongue]. Thick, slow utterance. 

baryglossus (bar-e-glos'-us) [bary-; y\w<raa, the 
tongue]. An individual suffering from baryglossia. 

baryglottic, baryglotticus {bar-e-glot'-ik, -us). 1. 
Relating to baryglossia. 2. A person affected with 
baryglossia. 

barylalia (bar-e-la'-le-ah) [bary-; XaXid, speech]. 
Thickness of speech. 

barymastia (bar-e-mas'-te-ah) [bary-; /xeurros, 
breast]. Same as barymazia. 

barymazia (Jbar-e-ma'-ze-ah) [bary-; naf;6s, breast]. 
Heaviness or large size of the mamma?. 

baryodmia (Jbar-e-od'-me-ah) [bary-; ddfiri, odor]. 
A heavy, disagreeable odor; also a subjective sen- 
sation as of a disagreeable smell. 

baryodynia (bar-e-o-din'-e-ah) [bary-; 6Swrj, pain]. 
Severe pain. 

baryphonia (bar-e-fo'-ne-ah) [bary-; <f>covq, a voice]. 
A heaviness or difficulty of speech. 

barysomatia (bar-e-so-ma'-she-ah) [bary-; au>/j.a, 
body]. Excess in the weight of the body. 

baryta, barytes (bar-i'-tah, bar-i'-tes) [barium]. 
Barium oxide, b., caustic. See barium hydrate. 
b., synthetic. See barium sulphate. 

barythymia {bar-e-thi' -me-ah) [bary-; dvfios, mind]. 
A melancholy, gloomy, or sullen state of mind. 

baryticoargentic (bar-it-ik-o-ar-jen'-tik) [baryta; 
argenium]. Containing baryta and silver. 

baryticosodic (jbar-it-ik-o-so'-dik) [baryta; sodium]. 
Containing baryta and sodium. 

barytin (bar'-il-in). Native barium sulphate. 

basad (ba'-sad) [/3d(m, a foundation]. Toward 
the basal aspect. 

basal (ba'-sal) [fiaais, a foundation]. Pertaining 
to or located at the base. b. ganglia, the optic 
thalamus and corpus striatum of the brain. 

basalia (ba-sa'-le-ah) [basis]. Huxley's term for 
the metacarpal bones. 

basculation (bas-ku-la'-shun) [Fr. t basculer, to 
swing]. 1. The movement by which retroversion 
of the uterus is corrected when the fundus is pressed 
upward and the cervix drawn downward. 2. See 
bascule movement. 

bascule movement (bas'-kul) [Fr., bascule, a 
swing]. The recoil of the heart in its systolic motion. 

base (bas) [basis]. The lowest part of a body or 
the foundation upon which anything rests. In 
chemistry, an element or radical that combines with 



an acid to form a salt. The electropositive molecule 
or radical of a compound. In pharmacy, the most 
important part of a prescription, b., acid-forming, 
b., acidifiable, one which forms an acid by uniting 
with water, b., aldehyde. See aldin. b., animal, 
a ptomaine. 

base-ball pitcher's arm, a peculiar condition of 
the arm arising from over-use, characterized by loss 
of strength, tenderness, neuralgic pains, and inflam- 
mation and hypertrophy of the bone. 

Basedow's disease (baz'-e-do) [Karl Adolphus 
von Basedow, German physician, 1 799-1 854]. Exoph- 
thalmic goiter or Graves' disease. See goiter, exoph- 
thalmic. B.'s syndrome, tachycardia, flashes of 
heat, and sweating crises. 

Basella (bas-el'-ah) [Malabar name]. A genus of 
plants of the order Chenopodiacece. B. rubra, Mala- 
bar nightshade, is an esculent herb cultivated 
throughout India, where the juice of the leaves is 
given in infantile catarrh and an infusion of ^he 
leaves is used as tea. 

basement (bas'-ment) [Fr., bassement]. The funda- 
mental portion, b.-membrane. See membrane, base- 
ment-. 

bas-fond (bah-fon(g)) [Fr.]. The floor or lowest 
oprtion of the urinary bladder. 

Basham's mixture {bash' -am) [William Richard 
Basham, English physician, 1804-1877]. A mixture 
of iron and ammonium acetate; liquor ferri et ammonii 
acetatis. 

basi- (ba-si-) [basis], A prefix meaning basis or base. 

basial (ba'-se-al) [basis]. Relating to a base or to 
the basion. 

basialveolar (ba-se-al-ve'-o-lar) [basi-; alveolus]. 
Relating to the basion and the alveolar point. 

basiarachnitis (ba-se-ar-ak-ni'-tis) [basi-; dp dx^s, a 
spider; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of that 
part of the arachnoid that corresponds to the base 
of the skull. 

basiator (Jba-se-a'-tor) [basiare, to kiss]. The 
orbicularis oris muscle. See muscles, table of. 

basic (ba'-sik). 1. Having properties of a base; 
i. e., capable of neutralizing acids. 2. Basal or bas- 
ilar, b. salt, a salt in which part of the hydroxyl 
of the base is retained. 

basichromatin (bas-e-kro' -mat-in) [basi-; xp&iia, 
color]. According to Heidenhain, that portion of 
the nuclear reticulum stained by basic aniline dyes. 

basicity (bas-is'-it-e). 1. The quality of being 
basic.^ 2. The combining power of an acid. 

basicranial (ba-se-kra'-ne-al) [basi-; upavlov, the 
skull]. Relating to the base of the skull. b. axis, 
a line running from a point midway between the 
occipital condyles through the median plane to the 
junction of the ethmoid and presphenoid. 

basidigital (ba-se-dij'-it-al) [basi-; digitus, a finger]. 
Pertaining to the bases of the digits, b. bone, any 
metacarpal, or metatarsal bone. 

basidiogenetic (bas-id-e-o-jen-et'-ik) [basidium, a 
spore-producing cell; yeveais, origin]. In biology, 
produced on a basidium. 

basidiomycetes (bas-id-e-o-mi-se'-tez) [basidium; 
hvkt)s, a fungus]. A division of fungi comprising 
genera which produce spores upon basidia. 

basidiophore (Jbas-id'-e-o-for) [basidium, a spore- 
producing cell; tpepelp, to bear]. Furnished with 
basidia. 

basidiospore (bas-id'-e-o-spor) [basidium, a spore- 
producing cell; 0-71-opd, seed]. One of the spores 
produced upon a basidium. 

basidium (bas-id'-e-um) [dim. of /8do-«, a base; pi., 
basidia]. In biology, a large cell in the higher fungi, 
borne on the hymenium and producing spores at 
its free end. 

basifacial (ba-se-fa'-shal) [basi-; fades, face]. Per- 
taining to the lower portion of the face. b. axis, 
in craniometry, a line from the anterior point of the 
premaxilla to the anterior point of the basicranial 
axis. 

basifier (ba'-sif-i-er) [basi-; facere, to make]. A 
substance capable of converting a body into a base. 

basifugal (bas-if-u-gal) [basi-; fugere, to flee]. 
In biology, derived from, or proceeding away from 
the base; acropetal; centrifugal. 

basigenic (ba-se-jen'-ik) [basi-; yewav, to produce]. 
Producing bases. 

basihyal (Jba-se-hi'-al) [basi-; voeiSvs, shaped like 
the letter v, upsilon]. Either one of the two bones, 
one on each side, that form the principal part of 
the body of the hyoid arch. 



BASIHYOID 



131 



BATH 



basihyoid (ba-se-hi'-oid). See basihyal. 

basilad (bas'-il-ad) [fiao-Ls, foundation]. Toward 
or to the base or basilar aspect. 

basilar (bas'-il-ar) [basis]. Pertaining to the base. 
b. artery. See under artery, b. membrane, a 
membranous division-wall separating the scala 
vestibuli from the scala tympani, extending from 
the base to the apex of the cochlea, and supporting 
the organ of Corti. b. process, a strong quadri- 
lateral plate of bone forming the anterior portion of 
the occipital bone, in front of the foramen magnum. 
b. suture, the suture formed by the junction of the 
basilar process of the occipital bone with the posterior 
surface of the body of the sphenoid. 

basilateral (bas-e-lat'-er-al) [basi-; latus, side]. 
Both basilar and lateral. 

basilemma (bas-il-em'-ah) [bast-; \knna, a husk]. 
A basement-membrane. 

basilen (bas'-il-en) [basis, base]. Belonging to the 
basilar portion in itself. 

basilic (ba-sil'-ik) [fiaaiXtKos, royal]. Important; 
prominent; said of a structure or a drug. b. vein, 
a large vein of the arm on the inner side of the biceps. 

basilicon ointment (bas-il'-ik-on oint'-ment). Rosin 
cerate. It consists of rosin, 35 Gm.; yellow wax, 15 
Gm.; lard, 50 Gm. 

basilobregmatic (bas-il-o-breg-mat'-ik) . Pertaining 
to the base of the skull and the bregma. 

basilomental (bas-il-o-men'-tal). Pertaining to 
the base of the skull and to the chin. 

basilopharyngeal (bas-il-o-far-in'-je-aV). Relating 
to the basilar process of the occipital bone and to 
the pharynx. 

basilosubnasal (bas-il-o-sub-na'-zal). Relating to 
the basion and the nasion. 

basilysis (bas-il'-is-is) [bast-; Xuo-w, a loosening]. 
The breaking-up of the fetal skull in craniotomy. 

basilyst (bas'-il-ist) [see basilysis]. An instrument 
for use in perforating the cranial vault and breaking 
up the base of the skull. 

basin (ba'-sin) [ME.]. 1. The third ventricle of 
the brain. 2. The pelvis, b.-trap, a trap or seat 
in the outlet of the basin of a water-closet, placed 
there to prevent the escape into the apartment of 
noxious and offensive vapors and gases. 

basinasal (bas-e-na'-sal) [basion; nasus, the nose]. 
Relating to the basion and the nasion. 

basioalveolar (bas-e-o-al-ve'-o-lar). Relating to 
the basion and to the alveolar point. 

basioccipital (bas-e-ok-sip' -it-al) [basi-; occiput, 
the back of the head]. A bone, separate in many 
of the lower vertebrate animals, forming the central 
axis of the skull. In adult human life it is the 
basilar process of the occipital bone. 

basioccipitosphenoidal (bas-e-ok-sip-it-o-sfe-noid'- 
al). 1. Relating to the basioccipital bone and the 
sphenoid. 

basioglossus (bas-e-o-glos'-us) [basi-; y\a><raa, the 
tongue]. That part of the hyoglossus muscle that 
is attached to the base of the hyoid bone. 

basion {ba'-se-on) [basis]. A point located at the 
middle of the anterior margin of the foramen magnum. 

basiotic (bas-e-ot-ik) [basi-; ofc, ear]. Relating 
to the base of the ear. 

basiotribe (bas'-e-o-trib) [basion; rplfieiv, to grind 
or crush]. An instrument used for perforating or 
crushing the fetal head. 

basiotripsy (bas-e-o-trip'-se) [see basiotribe]. The 
operation of crushing the fetal head. 

basipetal (bas-ip'-et-al) [basis, a base; peter e, to 
seek]. In biology, applied to growth in plants from 
the apex toward the base. 

basipresphenoid (bas-e-pre-sfe'-noid). 1. Relating 
to the basisphenoid and presphenoid bones. 2. The 
basipresphenoid bone. 

basirrhinal (bas-e-ri'-nal) [basi-; pis, nose]. Re- 
lating to the base of the brain and to the nose. 
Applied to a cerebral fissure located at the base of 
the olfactory lobe. 

basis (ba'-sis) [fiaais, foundation]. Base. b. 
cranii, the base of the skull, b. pedunculi, the base 
of the peduncle; the crusta or pes. 

basisphenoid (bas-e-sfe'-noid) [basi-; a4>r\v, wedge; 
«l5os, form]. The lower part of the sphenoid bone. 

basisylvian (bas-e-sil'-ve-an) [basi-; Sylvian]. Ap- 
plied to the transverse basilar portion or stem of the 
Sylvian fissure. 

basitemporal (bas-e-tem'-po-ral) [basi-; tempora, 
the temples]. Relating to the base or lower part of 
the temporal bone. 



basivertebral (bas-e-ver'-te-bral) [basi-; vertebra, 
a joint]. Relating to the basis or centrum of a verte- 
bra. 

basket cell. A cell surrounded by a network of 
fibrils derived from the axis cylinder process of 
another cell. 

basophil, basopbile (bas'-o-fil) [basis; tpikelv, to love]. 
Cells and tissue elements showing an affinity for 
basic rather than for acid dyes. 

basophilia (bas-o-fil'-e-ah) [basophile]. Increase 
in the number of basophiles in the circulating blood. 

basophilic (bas-o-fil'-ik) [basophile]. 1. Combining 
readily with bases; stainable by means of basic dyes. 
2. Any histological structure which stains with basic 
dyes. 

basophilous (bas-of'-il-us) [basophile]. Stained by 
basic rather than by acid dyes. 

basophobia (bas-o-fo'-be-ah) [basis; <£6/3os, fear]. 
Complete inability to walk or stand erect, due to 
emotional causes. The muscles concerned are not 
appreciably impaired. 

basophobiac (bas-o-fo'-be-ak). 1. A person affected 
with basophobia. 2. Relating to or affected with 
basophobia. 

bass-deafness (bas'-def-nes). Deafness to certain 
bass-notes, the higher notes being heard. 

Bassini's operation {bah-se'-ne) [Edoardo Bassini, 
Italian surgeon, 1847- ]. For the radical cure 
of inguinal hernia: the sac is exposed, twisted, and 
the neck ligated and removed; the spermatic cord is 
lifted, and the border of the rectus is stitched to the 
edge of the internal oblique, the transversalis muscle, 
and the transversalis fascia to Poupart's ligament 
under the cord. The cord is placed upon this layer 
and the border of the external oblique is stitched to 
Poupart's ligament over the cord. 

bassora gum (bas'-o-rah gum). An inferior gum, 
much used in adulterating tragacanth. 

bassorin {bas'-o-rin) [Bassora, an Asiatic town], 
C6H10O5, or 2C6H10O5. 1. A tasteless, odorless, 
vegetable mucilage, insoluble in cold water, but 
rendered soluble by alkalies; it is found in gum traga- 
canth (of Bassora) and in cherry and plum gums. 
2. A term for all vegetable mucilages. 

bast. The inner bark of exogenous plants. The 
fibrous parts of the bark are used in making cord- 
age, and have a limited use in surgery. 

bastard (bas'-tard) [OF., fils de bas, son of a bast or 
of a pack-saddle]. 1. An illegitimate child. 2. Illegi- 
timate. 3. A hybrid species. 4. See bastards. 

bastards (bas' -tar dz) [bastard]. The name given 
to an impure sugar procured by concentrating 
molasses and allowing it to crystallize slowly in 
moulds. 

Bastedo's sign (bas-te'-do) [Walter Arthur Bastedo, 
American physician, 1873- ]• If the colon is 
d istended with air there will be pain and tenderness 
at McBurney's point in cases of chronic appendicitis. 

Bastian's law, B.-Brun's law [Henry Charlton 
Bastian, English scientist, 1837- ; Ludwig 
Bruns, German neurologist, 1858- ]. When 
there exists a complete transverse lesion of the spinal 
cord above the lumbar enlargement, the tendon 
reflexes of the lower extremities are abolished. 

basyl (ba'-sil) [/3d<rts, foundation]. 1. The electro- 
positive constituent of a compound. 2. A body 
which unites with oxygen to form a base. 

basylous (bas'-il-us). See basigenic. 

Bateman's disease [Thomas Bateman, English 
physician, 1778-1831]. Molluscum contagiosum. 
B.'s drops, the tinctura pectoralis, a weak tincture 
of opium, camphor, and catechu; a popular remedy 
in coughs. 

bath [AS., bceth], 1. A bathing-place or room. 
2. The medium in which the body is wholly or partly 
immersed. As therapeutic agents, baths are classi- 
fied according as water, vapor, air, etc., is used; 
according to the temperature, as hot, temperate, 
cold, etc.; according to the end desired, as nutri- 
tional, medicinal, stimulant, etc. Special forms of 
bath are the moor, peat, mud-, slime, pine-leaf, herb 
(hay, gentian, camomile, juniper, marjoram, etc.), 
brine, sand, tan, bran, malt, glue, soup, milk, whey, 
blood, wine, guano, starch, soap, acid, iron, sulphur, 
carbonic acid, compressed air, mustard, electric, 
etc. 3. A medium, such as sand, water, oil, or other 
substance, interposed between the fire and the vessel 
to be heated, in chemical manipulations, b., acid, 
add 1 5 oz. of nitric acid and 1 to 3 oz. of hydrochloric 
acid to 30 gallons of warm water in a wooden or 



BATH 



132 



BATH 



earthenware vessel, and immerse the patient in this 
for from 10 to 20 minutes. For a foot-bath, add 5 oz. 
of nitric acid and 1 oz. of hydrochloric acid to 4 
gallons of warm water. This is said to be useful in 
cases of dyspepsia with sluggish liver and consti- 
pation, b.s, acratothermal, baths prepared from 
natural mineral waters of high temperature, but in 
which the gaseous and saline constituents are small 
in quantity and of feeble therapeutic action. Syn., 
indifferent thermal baths; simple thermal baths; 
unmixed thermal baths, b., air-, a bath in which but 
little water is employed, the body being exposed 
freely to the air. It is employed in those cases in 
which there is a tendency to catch cold on slight 
exposure, b., alcohol, one in dilute alcohol, used to 
reduce temperature in fever, b., alkaline, add 3 oz. 
of potassium carbonate, or 6 of sodium carbonate, 
to 25 or 30 gallons of hot water. It is used in chronic 
squamous skin diseases, chronic rheumatism, and 
lithemia. It should be taken in a wooden, earthen- 
ware, or enameled tub. b., animal. 1. One pre- 
pared from dung of cattle or the contents of the first 
stomach of a freshly slaughtered ox. 2. The intro- 
duction of the whole body of the part affected with 
rheumatism into the body-cavity of an animal just 
slaughtered, b., antimonial, one containing 1-2 oz. 
of tartar emetic; it is used in skin diseases, b., anti- 
rheumatic, one containing, in sufficient water for 
the purpose, 100 Gm. of oil of turpentine, 10 Gm. of 
oil of rosemary, 50 Gm. of sodium carbonate, b., 
antisyphilitic, a solution of is Gm. of mercury bi- 
chloride in 500 Gm. of water, to be added to the 
bath at the time of using, b., astringent, one pre- 
pared with tannin or other astringents, to control 
sweating or in the treatment of skin diseases, b., 
astringent, Most's, a bath for extensive burns, 
consisting of a solution of 200 Gm. of alum in 6 to 8 
pailfuls of cold water and 1 pailful of curdled milk. 
b., balsamic, one containing tar, turpentine, or the 
buds and bark of terebinthaceous plants, b., bog-, 
a bath made by mixing bog-earth (produced by the 
decomposition of plants in the presence of water and 
found at iron and sulphur springs) with warm water 
to form a pulpy or mushy consistence. This is used 
as a mud-bath, b., borax, borax, 4 oz.; glycerol, 
3 oz.; water, 30 gallons. It is used in the same class 
of cases as the bran-bath, b., bran-, boil 1 pound 
of bran in 1 gallon of water, strain, and add 30 
gallons of water. This is a soothing and emollient 
bath, and is of service in squamous and irritable 
conditions of the skin. b. Brand, see Brand, b., 
buff-, one in which the bather is nude, b.-chair 
[Bath, town in England, where the inventor James 
Heath, lived]. A vehicle for the conveyance of 
invalids and others; it is mounted on three or four 
wheels, and may be pushed by hand or drawn by 
pony or donkey, b., chemical, in chemistry, an 
apparatus for regulating the temperature of chemical 
processes by surrounding the substance with water, 
sand, oil, or mercury, through which the heat is 
communicated, b., cold, a bath of cold water, the 
temperature of the latter varying from 32°-70° F. 
(o°-2i° C). It is used to reduce fever and as a 
general stimulant, b., dipolar, a hydroelectric 
bath in which the patient does not come in contact 
with either of the electrodes, but these are immersed 
in the water at each end of the tub. b., effervescent, 
a liquid bath containing a free gas, which is given 
off with effervescence, b., Egyptian, a modification 
of the Turkish bath, with rise of temperature to the 
maximum point, followed by lowering of temperature 
to the initial point, b., electric. 1. One in which 
the medium of the bath and the bather's person are 
included in the circuit of a galvanic current. 2. A 
bath in which an electric current is generated by the 
decomposition of the chemical constituents of the 
medium, b., electrothermal, a hot bath combined 
with exposure to the influence of electricity, b., 
foot-, a bath for the feet, used as a derivative agent 
in cases of cold, etc. b., fucus-, one containing sea- 
weed, or a decoction of it, imparting sodium chloride 
and a small percentage of iodine, b., full, one in 
which the patient's body is entirely covered by water, 
so that his chin just clears it. b., gas-, one in which 
a gas is applied to the entire body or an affected part 
by means of a closed cabinet, b., graduated, one in 
which the temperature of the water is gradually 
lowered by the addition of cold or iced water, b., 
herb-, made by using the extract of pine-needles or 
of some aromatic herbs; used as a tonic, b., hip-. 



See b., sitz-. b., hot, one in which the temperature 
of the water ranges from 104 to no° F. (40°-43.3° 
C). It acts upon the skin, producing free perspira- 
tion, and accelerates the pulse and respiration, b., 
hot-air, a Turkish bath. A bath in hot air. It is' 
useful as a diaphoretic, and in catarrhal, neuralgic, 
and rheumatic conditions, but is contraindicated in 
fatty degeneration of the heart, b., hydroelectric, 
a water-bath charged with electricity, b., hydro- 
static, a variety of permanent water-bath in which 
the patient is supported without total immersion. 
b., Indian, massage in combination with a Turkish 
bath. _ b., internal, lavage of the stomach or rectum. 
b., iodine-, one to which is added a solution of 8 Gm. 
of iodine and 16 Gm. of potassium iodide in 600 
Gm. of water, b., kinetotherapeutic, a water-bath 
in which specified movements are carried out. b., 
light-. 1. See b., sun-. 2. Exposure of affected 
parts to rays of light by means of various apparatus; 
also of the whole body for inducing perspiration. 
b., lime-, a bath to which slaked lime is added at the 
time of using; it is used in gout and in treatment 
of itch, b., medicated, a bath in which medicinal 
substances, as mineral salts, sulphur, etc., are dis- 
solved or held in suspension, b., mercurial, a bath 
for the treatment of syphilis, given in the vapor of 
mercury, usually prepared by vaporizing calomel 
over an alcohol lamp, b., milk-, a bath in milk, 
given for nutritive purposes, b., mineral. 1. The 
water of a mineral spring used as the medium. 
2. One to which a solution of mineral substances has 
been added, b., monopolar, a hydroelectric bath 
in which the wall of the metal tub is utilized as a large 
electrode. The current entering here is conducted 
to the entire surface of the body in contact with the 
water, and passes out by means of a large metal 
electrode the edges of which are covered by a rubber 
pillow so placed that the patient can lie upon it 
without coming in contact with the metal. Cf. b., 
dipolar, b., moor-, a bath in water mixed with the 
earth of moors, b., mud-, a bath prepared by mixing 
well-seasoned earths, containing more or less mineral 
matter, with water containing the same substances. 
It is useful in chronic rheumatism, b., mustard-, 
made by inclosing from 2 to 4 oz. of ordinary mustard 
in a piece of muslin or thin linen and hanging it in 
about four gallons of hot water until the latter be- 
comes yellow, or simply by adding mustard to water. 
It is used as a general bath for infants in collapse, 
convulsions, or severe bronchitis, the child being left 
in until the skin becomes distinctly reddened. It is 
also used as is the foot-bath or sitz-bath in amenor- 
rhea, b., Nauheim, a natural thermal effervescent 
(gaseous muriated) bath, b., needle. See b., rain-. 
b., nutritive, one containing wine, milk, or any 
nutritive ingredient, b., oxygen-, an inhalation of 
oxygen to correct inadequate aeration of the blood; 
also a local application of oxygen gas to gangrenous 
ulcers, b., ozone-. See b., fucus-. b., pack-, one 
in which the body is wrapped in wet cloths. See b., 
sheet-, b., peat-, an application of bog-earth con- 
taining much vegetable matter and used in gout and 
rheumatism, b., pine-, prepared by adding a de- 
coction of pine-needles, or some pine-extract, to hot 
water. It is mildly stimulating, and is employed in 
hysteria, gout, and rheumatism, b. of Plombieres, 
a bath to which a solution of 100 Gm. of powdered 
gelatin in hot water is first added and afterward a 
mixture of 100 Gm. of sodium carbonate, 20 Gm. 
each of sodium chloride and sodium bicarbonate, 
and 60 Gm. of sodium sulphate, b., plunge-, a 
bath, hot or cold, into which the patient plunges. 
b., rain-, consists of from four to six three-fourths 
circles of pipes secured together at a distance of 
2 to 3 inches. Each pipe has three lines of fine 
perforations, from which the stream issues under 
pressure, striking the body of the patient _ at all 
points with considerable force, b., Russian, a 
vapor-bath, the vapor being generated by throwing 
water upon heated mineral or metallic substances. 
Syn., vapor-bath, b., sand-. 1. One in which the 
body of the patient is placed in a layer of dry sand 
that has been heated. 2. In chemistry, the im- 
mersion of a crucible, etc., containing a chemical com- 
pound, in a vessel containing fine sand, the latter 
being heated gradually to a high temperature, b., 
seaweed. See b., fucus-. b., sheet-, the application 
of cold water to the body through the medium of a 
wet sheet or towel placed upon the skin. It is used 
to reduce temperature, b., shower-, a douche in 



BATHMIC 



133 



BAYBERRY 



which the water is delivered against the body from a 
nozzle with numerous perforations, b., sitz-, one 
in which only the buttocks and hips are immersed 
in water. It is useful in pelvic inflammations, 
amenorrhea, and retention of urine, b., slime-, 
a bath in water mixed with the slimy deposit of 
organic matter found in rivers and ponds, b., 
sponge-, one in which the patient's body is rubbed 
with a wet sponge. It is used to reduce temperature. 
b., sulphur, potassium sulphide 4 to 8 oz. in 30 
gallons of water; a little sulphuric acid may be 
added. It is used in certain skin diseases, scabies, 
lead colic, and lead palsy, b., sun-, the exposure 
of the naked body to the sun's rays, b., sweat-, 
b., sweating, a bath to induce a free flow of perspira- 
tion; e. g., a Turkish bath, b., tepid, the temperature 
of the water ranges from 8s°-95° F. (2Q.4°-35° C). 
It acts as a sedative, cleansing, and detergent agent; 
the pulse, respiration, excretion, secretion, and 
temperature are practically unaffected, b., Turkish, 
one in which the bather is placed successively in 
rooms of higher temperature, then shampooed or 
rubbed, and finally stimulated by a douche of cold 
water. See b., hot-air. b., vacuum, the treatment 
of parts by subjecting them to a partial vacucum. 
b., vapor-. See b., Russian, b., warm, a bath in 
water having a temperature of from qo -ioo° F. 
(32.2°-38.5° C). It is used to calm the nervous 
system, produce sleep, and allay reflex irritability. 
b., water-. 1. A bath of water. 2. In chemistry, 
a bath of water for immersing vessels containing 
substances that must not be heated above the 
boiling-point of water, b., zinc-chloride, a chemical 
bath of molten zinc chloride for immersion of sub- 
stances not to be heated beyond 700 C. 

bathmic (bath'-mik) [J3adfM6s, a threshold]. Relating 
to bathmism. 

bathmism (bath'-mizm) [fio£p.6s, a threshold]. 
Tha£ supposed modification of chemical force which 
is active in the processes of nutrition. 

bathmos (bath'-mos) [fSa£p.6s, a little fossa]. A 
shallow depression or fosset. 

bathmotropic (bath-mo-trop'-ik) [0a.Op.6s, threshold; 
rpkireiv, to turn]. Applied by T. W. Engelmann to 
a supposed set of fibers in the cardiac nerves which 
affect the excitability of the cardiac muscle. Cf. 
dromotropic; inotropic. 

bathycardia (bath-e-kar'-de-ah) [fiadvs, deep; napdia., 
heart]. A condition in which the heart is in a lower 
position than normal; the condition is an anatomical 
one, and is not the result of disease. 

bathycentesis (bath-e-sen-te'-sis) [fiadvs, deep; 
KkvT7)<ns, puncture]. A deep surg cal puncture; deep 
acupuncture. 

bathyesthesia (bath-e-es-the'-ze-ah) [fiadvs, deep; 
ol<jQr\<si%, sensation]. Oppenheim's term for the 
muscle-sensations . 

bathymetry (bath-im'-et-re) [/3a0us, deep; pkrpov, a 
measure]. The measurement of the depths of the 
sea or of any body-cavity, natural or abnormal. 

bathystixis (bath-e-stiks'-is) [/3a0iis, deep; <rri£is, 
puncture]. Deep acupuncture. 

batophobia (bat-o-fo'-be-ah) [fiaros, a height; 
<£6/3os, fear]. 1. Acrophobia; dread of being at a 
great height. 2. Dread of high objects; fear of 
passing near a high building or of going through a 
deep valley. 

batrachocephalus (bat-rak-o-sef'-al-us) [Parpaxos, 
a frog; Kt<j>ah-h, the head]. Having a frog-like head. 

batrachoid (bat'-rak-oid) [/3drpaxos, a frog; eZ<5os, 
form. Frog-like. 

batrachoplasty (bat'-rak-o-plas-te) [/3drpaxos, a 
frog; ranula; -Kkao-aziv, to mold]. Plastic surgical 
operation for the cure of ranula. 

batracin (bat'-ra-sin) [fiarpaxos, a frog]. A poison- 
ous secretion obtained from the cutaneous pustules 
of toads. According to Calmeil, the poison of toads 
contains methyl-carbylamine and isocyanacetic acid. 

battalism (bat'-al-izm). See baltarism. 

battarism (bat'-ar-izm) [fiarrapia-pos, a stuttering]. 
Stuttering or stammering. 

battery (bat'-er-e) [batter la, a beating; battery]. 
A series of two or more pieces of apparatus arranged 
to produce increased effect, as battery of boilers, 
prisms, lenses, galvanic cells. It is usually applied 
to a series of cells producing electricity (voltaic or 
galvanic battery); also, frequently, to a single cell. 
b., cautery, a galvanic battery with high electro- 
motive force for heating a wire used as a cautery. 
b., faradic, b., faradaic, one giving an induced or 



faradic current, b., galvanic, one giving a galvanic 
or chemical current, b., Hare's, a battery of cells 
marked by low resistance. Two large plates of zinc 
and copper, separated from each other by cloth or 
some indifferent substance, are rolled on a wooden 
cylinder and immersed in acidulated water. See 
deflagrator. b., primary, the combination of a 
number of primary cells so as to form a single battery. 
b., secondary, the combination of a number of 
storage-cells to form a single electric source, b. 
storage, an apparatus consisting of a secondary 
battery for storing electricity. 

Battey's operation (bat'-e) [Robert Battey, Ameri- 
can surgeon, 182 8-1 895]. Removal of the ovaries 
in order to eliminate their physiological influence 
and so produce the menopause. 

Battle's incision (bat' -I). An incision to the right 
or left of the median line of the abdomen down 
to the rectus; the inner edge of this muscle is then 
retracted and the posterior layer of its sheath incised 
as well as the peritoneum. 

battledore (bat' -el-dor) [ME., baiyldoure, a bat for 
beating clothes]. An instrument shaped like a 
racket, b. placenta, one in which there is a marginal 
insertion of the cord. 

Battley's sedative drops (bat'-le) [Richard Battley, 
English pharmacist, 1770-1856]. A preparation con- 
sisting of opium 3, water 30, alcohol 6; dose njj. 
5-15 (0.3-1.0). 

Baudelocque's diameter (bo-d'l-ok) [Jean Louis 
Baudelocque, French obstetrician, 1746-1810]. In ob- 
stetrics, theexternalc onjugate diameter of the pelvis. 

Bauer's qualimeter (bow'-erz kwol-im' -et-ur) . A 
static electrometer with pendulum and an index, 
used to indicate the quality of the x-rays issuing 
from a Roentgen tube. 

Bauhin, gland of (bo'-hin) [Caspar Bauhin, Swiss 
anatomist, 1560-1624]. See Blandin's gland. B. 
valve of, the ileocecal valve. 

Bauhinia (bo-hin'-e-ah). A genus of plants of the 
order Leguminosce. B. variegata is a tree of India* 
the bark is astringent and used as a tonic in fevers; 
the buds are used in diarrhea and as a vermifuge. 

Baumann's coefficient. The ratio existing between 
the total sulphuric acid and the ether sulphuric acids 
of the urine; it amounts to 10 %. B.'s reaction for 
dextrose, to an aqueous solution of grape-sugar add 
benzoyl chloride and an excess of sodium hydroxide 
and shake until the odor of benzoyl chloride disap- 
pears. A precipitate of benzoic -acid ester of dextrose 
will be produced which is insoluble in water and 
alkalies. 

Baumann and Goldmann's test for cystin. If a 
solution of cystin is shaken in caustic soda with 
benzoyl chloride, a voluminous precipitate of benzoyl 
cystin will be produced. The sodium salt occurs as 
silky plates, readily soluble in water, but nearly 
insoluble in an excess of caustic soda. 

Baume (bo-ma') [Antoine Baume, French chemist, 
1728-1804]. Abbreviation for Baume's hydrometer. 

Baumes' law (bo-mes') [Jean Baptlste Timothee 
Baumes, French physician, 1756-1828]. Same as 
Colles's law. B.'s sign or symptom, retrosternal pain 
in angina pectoris. 

Baunscheidtism (bown'-shi-tizm) [Cail Baunsckeidt > 
a German mechanic] . A mode of trea ting rheumatism 
and chronic neuralgias by counterirritation, the latter 
being produced by pricking the exterior of the part 
affected with fine needles dipped in oil of mustard, 
formic acid, or other irritant. 

Bavarian dressing, B. splint. A variety of im- 
movable dressing in which the plaster is applied 
between two flannel cloths. 

bavarol (bav'-ar-ol). A proprietary brown, aro- 
matic liquid used in 5 % solution as a disinfectant. 

bawchan, bauchee. Names given in India to the 
seeds of Psoralea coryiifolia, used as a tonic and in 
skin diseases. Syn., bauchan; bawchwan. 

bay, lacrimal. The depression at the inner canthus 
of the eye, holding the lacrimal canaliculi. b., oil of. 
See myrcia. b.-rum. See myrcia. b.-tree, the 
Laurus nobilis; also Prunus laurocerasus, commonly 
called the laurel or the cherry-laurel. 

Bayard's ecchymoses [Henri Louis Bayard, French 
physician, 1812-1852]. Small capillary hemorrhages 
found in the pleura and pericardium of infants who, 
as the result of asphyxia, have made premature 
efforts at breathing in the uterus. 

bayberry (ba'-ber-e) [ME., bay; bery]. 1. The 
berry of Laurus nobilis, bay, or noble laurel. 2. The 



BAYCURU 



134 



BED 



wax-myrtle, Myrica cerifera, and its fruit. 3. The 
pimenta, or allspice. 

baycuru (bi-koo-roo') [native S. A.]. The root of 
a S. American plant, Statice braziliensis, one of the 
most powerful astringents known. It is used for 
ulcers of the mouth and for glandular enlargements. 
Dose of the fluidextract nji. v-xxx. 

Bayle's disease [Gaspard Laurent Bayle, French 
physician, 1774-1816]. Progressive general paralysis 
of the insane. B.'s granulations, miliary tubercles. 

bayonet-leg {ba'-on-et leg). A backward displace- 
ment of the leg-bones. 

bazin (ba'-zin). Synonym of molluscum con- 
tagiosum. 

Bazin's disease (baz-an') [Pierre Antoine Ernest 
Bazin, French dermatologist, 1807-1878]. 1. Psori- 
asis buccalis. 2. Scrofulous ulcer of the leg. B.'s 
erythema, erythema induratum scrofulosorum, a 
form most commonly seen in strumous individuals; 
it attacks the calf, or the leg immediately below, 
more frequently than the front of the leg, occurring 
in diffuse, ill-defined patches or in nodules, bright 
red at first and gradually assuming a violet hue. 
The nodules may be superficial or deep, a quarter 
of an inch to an inch or more in diameter, and may be 
slowly absorbed, and necrose or slough out, leaving a 
very indolent ulcer. 

B. C. Abbreviation for Bachelor of Chemistry. 
Also for Baccalaureus Chirurgice, Bachelor of Surgery. 

B. Ch. Abbreviation for Baccalaureus Chirurgice, 
Bachelor of Surgery. 

B. C. L. Abbreviat : on for Bachelor of Civil Law. 

bdella (del'-ah) [/SSeXXa, a leech]. 1. A leech. 
2. A varicose vein. 

bdellatomy (del-at'-o-me). See bdellotomy. 

bdellepithecium (del-ep-e-the'-se-um) [bdella; e-rriTiB- 
kvai, to put on]. A tube for applying leeches. 

bdellium (del'-e-um) [Heb., d'bolakh]. A resinous 
gum exuding from various species of Balsamodendron. 
It resembles myrrh, b., Indian, has been recom- 
mended as an emmenagogue. 

bdellometer (del-om'-et-er) [08kX\a, a leech; ukrpov, 
a measure]. A mechanical substitute for the leech, 
consisting of cupping glass, scarificator, and ex- 
hausting syringe. 

bdellotomy (del-ot'-o-me) [/35eXXa, a leech; ro\xr\, a 
cut]. The opening with the knife of the body of a 
leech that is drawing blood; by this means the 
activity of the leech may be considerably prolonged. 

Be. Chemical symbol of beryllium, now called 
glucinum. 

B. E. Bacillary emulsion. See under tuberculin. 

beaded (be'-ded). In bacteriology denoting dis- 
jointed semi-confluent colonies along the line of 
inoculation in a stab culture. 

beads, rhachitic. "Rhachitic rosary"; the socalled 
"beading of the ribs" in rickets; a succession of 
visible and palpable swellings at the points where 
the ribs join their cartilages. 

beak (bek) [ME., beeke]. 1. The mandibular 
portion of a forceps. 2. The lower end of the 
calamus scriptorius. 3. The pad or splenium of the 
corpus callosum. b., coracoid, the beak of the 
coracoid process of the scapula, b. of the ence- 
phalon. See beak (3). b. of the sphenoid bone. 
See rostrum sphenoidale. 

beaker (be'-ker) [Germ, becher, a cup, bowl]. 
A wide-mouthed glass vessel used in chemical labora- 
tories, b.-cell, the goblet-cell found in mucous 
membranes. 

Beale's fiber (bel) [Lionel Smith Beale, English 
physician, 1828-1906]. The fine spiral fiber sur- 
rounding the process of some of the sympathetic 
ganglion-cells of the frog. 

bean (ben) [ME., bene]. The seeds of several 
plants, mostly Leguminosce, especially that of the 
common bean, Faba vulgaris, b., Calabar. See 
physostigma. b., castor. See ricinus. b. of St. 
Ignatius. See ignatia. 

bearberry. See Uva ursi. 

Beard's disease [George Miller Beard, American 
physician, 1830-1883]. Nervous exhaustion; neu- 
rasthenia. 

Beard-Valleix's points. See Valleix's points 
douloureux. 

bearing-down. The feeling of weight or pressure 
in the pelvis in certain diseases, b.-d. pains, uterine 
pains in labor. 

bear's-foot. Leafcup. A composite-flowered 
plant, Polymnia uvedalia, of North America. A 



popular remedy for enlargement of the spleen or the 
"ague-cake" of malarious regions. 

beat (bet) [ME., beten]. The pulsation of the 
arteries or the impulse of the heart, b., apex-, 
the stroke of the heart-apex against the chest-wall. 
b., heart-, a pulsation of the heart, b., pulse-, an 
arterial pulsation which can be felt. 

Beatty-Bright's friction-sound. The friction- 
sound produced by inflammation of the pleura. 

Beau's disease (bo) [Joseph Honore Simon Beau, 
French physician, 1806-1865]. Asystole; cardiac 
insufficiency. B.'s lines, the transverse rings seen 
on the finger-nails after convalescence from exhaust- 
ing diseases. 

Beaumes' sign (bo' -ma). See Baumes' sign. 

Beaumes-Colles' law. See Colles' law. 

Beauperthuy's method (bo'-per-thwe) [Louis Daniel 
Beauperthuy]. A method of treating leprosy by good 
hygiene, bathing with olive oil, the internal admin- 
istration of mercury bichloride, and abstinence from 
salted meats. 

Beauvais' disease (bo'-va). Chronic articular 
rheumatism. 

bebeerine (beb'-e-ren). See nectandra. b. hydro- 
chloride, C19H21NO3HCI, reddish-brown scales, soluble 
in alcohol and water, and used as an antipyretic and 
tonic. Dose -fe-T-h gr. (0.005-0.097 Gm.) 3 or 4 times 
daily, b. sulphate, (Ci 9 H2iN0 3 )2H2S04, reddish- 
brown scales, soluble in water and alcohol; uses and 
dose as in b. hydrochloride. 

bebeeru bark (be-be'-ru). See nectandra. 

Beccaria's sign (bak-kah'-re-ah). Painful pulsating 
sensations in the occipital region during pregnancy. 

bechesthesis (bek-es' -thes-is) [fiv£, cough; aladrjais, 
sensation]. The sensation in the throat or air- 
passages that prompts one to cough. 

bechic (bek'-ik) [J317I, a cough]. Relieving cough; 
a remedy against cough. 

Bechterew's disease (bek'-ter-u) [Vladimir Mik- 
hailovich von Bechterew, Russian neurologist, 1857- 
]. Ankylosis of the vertebral column, associated, 
as a rule, with muscular atrophy and sensory symp- 
toms. B.'s layer, the layer of fibers between and 
parallel to the tangential fibers and Baillarger's layer 
in the cerebral cortex. B.'s nucleus, the nucleus of 
the vestibular portion of the auditory nerve; an ill- 
defined group of ganglion-cells lying dorsad of Deiters' 
nucleus. B.'s reaction, the minimum strength of 
the electric current necessary to provoke muscular 
contraction requires a gradual diminution at every 
interruption of the current or change in density, 
to prevent tetanic contraction which will occur if 
the inital strength is maintained. It is observed in 
tetany. B.'s sign, anesthesia of the popliteal space 
in tabes dorsalis. B.'s tract, the central tract of the 
tegmentum that passes between the mesial side of 
the superior olivary body and the fillet. 

Beck's method [Emil G. Beck, American surgeon, 
1866- ]. Tuberculous cavities in bone are 
curetted and then filled with a paste containing 30 
per cent, of bismuth subnitrate. 

Beck's operation. To cure epilepsy due to ad- 
hesions resulting from fracture or operations on the 
skull. The skull defect is plugged with temporal 
fascia and muscle. 

Becker's reaction for picrotoxin. Picrotoxin 
reduces Fehling's solution upon the application of 
gentle heat. B.'s sign [Otto Heinrich Enoch Becker, 
German ophthalmologist, 1828-1890]. Spontaneous 
pulsation of the retinal arteries in exophthalmic 
goiter. B.'s test, a test for astigmatism made by 
means of a set of parallel lines in triplets placed in 
various meridians. 

Beclard's hernia (ba'-klar) [Pierre Augustin 
B^clard, French anatomist, 1785-1825]. Hernia 
occurring through the saphenous opening. B.'s 
nucleus, a vascular, bony nucleus, of lenticular 
shape, appearing in the cartilage of the lower epi- 
physis of the femur during the thirty-seventh week 
of fetal life. 

Becquerel's disc (bek'-er-el). An apparatus for 
estimating the difference in temperature between a 
sound limb and a paralyzed one. B.'s pills, pills 
containing quinine, extract of digitalis, and colchicum 
seeds; they are used in gout. B.'s rays, invisible 
radiations of electrified particles or ions projected 
from radioactive bodies such as uranium, radium, 
polonium, or their salts, without evident cause, and 
persisting over long periods. 

bed [AS., bedd]. The couch or support on which 



BEDBUG 



135 



BELLINI'S DUCT 



the body may rest in sleep or in sickness; usually a 
mattress of straw, hair, or similar substance, b., air-, 
a mattress of rubber or leather that can be inflated 
with air. b.-case, a form of hysteria in which the 
patient persistently lies in bed. b., fracture-, an 
especial device for the use of a patient confined with 
a fracture, composed of sections forming a double or 
triple inclined plane with an aperture to allow of the 
ejection of urine and feces, b.-hoist, a device for 
lifting a patient from bed. b.-pan, a large shallow 
vessel for receiving the alvine discharges of bedridden 
patients, b., protection-, a bed arranged for the 
confinement of maniacs in a recumbent posture. 
b.-rest, an apparatus for propping up patients in 
bed. b.-sore, a sore produced on any part of the 
body by prolonged pressure against the bed or by 
trophic changes in paralyzed parts, b.-swing, an 
appliance like a hammock for swinging a patient 
clear of the bed. b., water-, a rubber mattress 
containing water; it is used to prevent the formation 
of bed-sores. 

bedbug (bed' -bug). An apterous insect, Cimex 
lectularius, that infests bedsteads, and at times is 
parasitic upon the human body. 

bedlam (bed'-lam) [ME., bedlem, a corruption of 
Bethlehem). An insane asylum. 

bedlamism (bed' -lam-izm) [bedlam]. Insanity. 

bedlamite (bed'-lam-it) [bedlam]. A madman; an 
insane person. 

Bednar's aphthae [Alois Bednar, Austrian physi- 
cian]. Two symmetrically placed ulcers seen at 
times on the hard palate of cachectic infants, one 
on each side of the mesial line. 

bedouin itch. A synonym of the vesicular variety 
of lichen tropicus. 

bedridden (bed'-rid-n). Confined to bed; applied 
especially to those who seem permanently so affected. 

bed-wetting. Nocturnal enuresis. 

beef (bef) [ME., befe]. The flesh of domestic 
cattle. It consists of water, 73; fibrin, 15; gelatin, 4; 
albumin, 3; fat and other substances, 5 %• b.- 
extract, the soluble fibrin of lean meat partly desic- 
cated, b.-measles. See Cysticercus bovis. b.-tea, 
the soluble extractive matter of beef, made by steep- 
ing finely cut lean beef in its weight of water and 
straining. 

Beeley's square and plumb-line. An instrument 
to measure degrees of deformity. 

beer (ber). See malt liquors. 

Beer's cataract knife (ber) [Georg Joseph Beer]. 
A knife with a triangular-shaped blade, for making 
section of the cornea in the removal of the crystal- 
line lens. B.'s operation, extraction of cataract by 
the flap method. 

beestings (best'-ings). First milk after parturi- 
tion; colostrum. 

beeswax (bez'-waks). Cera fiava (U. S. P.), wax 
secreted by bees, of which their cells are constructed. 
It is used in making candles, ointments, and pomades. 

beet (bet). The genus Beta, especially B. vulgaris, 
the common beet. 

Begbie's disease (beg'-be) [James Begbie, Scotch 
physician, 1 798-1 869]. 1. Exophthalmic goiter. 
2. Localized rhythmic chorea. 

Beggiatoa (bej-e-at-o'-ah) [J. Beggiato, Italian 
botanist]. A genus of Schizomycetes, consisting of 
swinging or gliding, milk-white, gray, rosy, or violet 
threads. They decompose sulphur compounds and 
store up sulphur granules in their protoplasm. They 
are found in stagnant, fresh, or salt water, particularly 
in that contaminated with sewage or factory waste. 

begma (beg'-mah) [fiijyua, a cough; pi., begmata], 
A cough; the matter expectorated by coughing. 

behen, behmen, behn, ben. Arabian names for 
roots of various plants. 

behenic (be-hen'-ik). Derived from behen. 

behen-nut (be' -hen-nut). The seed of Moringa 
pterygosperma, and M. aptera, trees of tropical 
countries. They afford oil of behen, or oil of ben. 

Behier-Hardy's symptom (ba'-he-a) [Louis Jules 
B'ehier, French physician, 1813-1876]. Aphonia, 
an early symptom in pulmonary gangrene. 

Behnng's law (ba'-ring) [Emil Adolph Behring, 
German physician, 1854- ]. The blood and 
blood-serum of an individual who has been artificially 
rendered immune against a certain infectious disease 
may be transferred to another individual with the 
effect of rendering the other also immune. B.'s 
serum, serum containing diphtheria-antitoxin. B.'s 
tulase, an immunizing remedy against tuberculosis. 



Beigel's disease (bi'-gel) [Hermann Beigel, German 
physician, 1829-1879]. Trichorrhexis nodosa. 

Beissenhirtz's reaction for aniline (bi'-sen-hairtz). 
On the addition of a grain of potassium dichromate 
to a solution of aniline in concentrated sulphuric acid 
the solution becomes first red, then blue, the color 
gradually disappearing. 

bel, bela (be'-lah) [Hind.]. The dried, half-ripe 
fruit of JEgle marmelos, or Bengal quince. It is 
recommended as a remedy for chronic diarrhea and 
dysentery. The ripe fruit is slightly laxative. Dose 
\-\ dr. (2-4 Gm.). b., liquid extract of (extr actum 
bela liquidum, B. P.). Dose 1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc). 

belae fructus (be-le fruk-tus) [L.]. Bael-fruit; see 
bel. 

belching (belch' -ing) [ME., belchen]. The expulsion 
of gas from the stomach through the mouth; eructa- 
tion. 

belemnoid (bel-em'-noid) [fieKe/ivov, a dart; elSos, 
form]. 1. Dart-shaped; styloid. 2. The styloid 
process of the ulna or of the temporal bone. 

Belfield's operation (bel'-feld) [William Thomas 
Belfield, American surgeon, 1856- ]. Making an 
artificial opening into the vas deferens. 

bell (bel) [ME., bel]. A hollow, metallic, sounding 
instrument. b.-gastrula. See archigastrula. b.- 
metal, an alloy of copper, zinc, tin, and antimony. 
b. sound, b. tympany, the sound produced in pneumo- 
thorax by striking a coin, placed fiat upon the chest, 
with another coin. It can be heard through the 
stethoscope placed over the affected side. 

bell-crowned (bel'-krownd). Applied to a tooth- 
crown which is largest at the occlusal surface and 
tapers to the gum. 

Bell's disease [1. Sir Charles Bell, Scotch physi- 
ologist, 1774-1842; 2. John Bell, Scotch anatomist, 
1763-1820]. 1. See Bell's mania. 2. See Bell's 
paralysis. B.'s law, [1]. the anterior spinal nerve- 
roots are motor; the posterior, sensory. B.'s mania, 
[1]. acute delirium; acute periencephalitis. B.'s 
muscle, [2]. The short muscular ridge on the inner 
surface of the bladder, passing forward from the 
ureteral openings and ending in the uvula vesica?. 
B.'s nerves, [2]. The external and internal respira- 
tory nerves — i. e., the posterior thoracic and phrenic 
nerves. B.'s palsy, B.'s paralysis, [1], peripheral 
paralysis of the facial nerve. B.'s phenomenon, [1]. 
upward and outward rolling of the eyeball when an 
attempt is made to close the eye of the affected side 
in peripheral facial paralysis. B.'s respiratory 
nerve, [2]. The long thoracic nerve. B.'s spasm, [1]. 
convulsive facial tic. 

belladonna (bel-ah-don'-ah) [It., bella donna, 
beautiful lady]. Deadly nightshade. A perennial 
plant of the order Solanacea y indigenous to southern 
Europe and Asia, and cultivated in the United States. 
Its properties are due to the alkaloids atropine and 
belladonnine, the latter thought to be identical with 
hyoscyamine. Both leaves and root are employed. 
It is used as an antispasmodic, as a cardiac and 
respiratory stimulant, and to check secretions, as 
those of the sweat and milk. b. leaves {belladonna 
folia, U. S. P.), the dried leaves of Atropa belladonna. 
b. leaves, extract of (extractum belladonna foliorum, 
U. S. P.). Dose £ gr. (0.01 Gm.). b. leaves, tinc- 
ture of (tinctura belladonna foliorum, U. S. P.), 
15 %. Dose 1-30 min. (0.06-2.0 Cc). b. liniment 
(linimentum belladonna, U. S. P.), made of camphor, 
5; fiuidextract of belladonna root, 95. b. ointment 
(unguentum belladonna, U. S. P.), contains extract 
of belladonna leaves, 10; diluted alcohol, 6; benzoi- 
nated lard, 65; hydrous wool-fat, 20. b. plaster 
(emplastrum belladonna, U. S. P.), made of adhesive 
plaster and extract of belladonna leaves, b. root 
(belladonna radix, U. S. P.), the dried root of Atropa 
belladonna, b. root, fiuidextract of (fiuidextr actum 
belladonna radicis, U. S. P.). Dose 1-5 min. (0.065- 
0.3 Cc). 

belladonnine (bel-ah-don'-in) [see belladonna], 
C17H23NO3. An alkaloid found in belladonna. It 
resembles atropine, hyoscyamine, and hyoscine. It 
occurs with atropine, and is likewise decomposed 
into tropic acid and oxytropine, C8H15NO2. See 
belladonna. 

Bell-Bernhardt's phenomenon. See Bell's phe- 
nomenon. 

Bellini's duct (bel-e'-ne) [Lorenzo Bellini, Italian 
anatomist, 1643-1704]. One of the excretory ducts 
of the kidney. B.'s ligament, a ligamentous band 
extending from the capsule of the hip- joint to the 



BELLITE 



136 



BENZIDINE 



greater trochanter of the femur. B.'s tubes, the 
straight uriniferous tubules. 

beUite (bel'-it) [bellum, war]. An explosive em- 
ployed both in war and in blasting. A principal 
element in its manufacture is nitrobenzol. The most 
prominent symptoms induced by its inhalation and 
absorption are headache, mental confusion, dyspnea, 
pallor, blueness of the lips, general lividity, coma, 
insensibility. 

Bell-Magendie's law. See Bell's law. 

Bellocq's cannula (bel'-oks). An instrument used 
in plugging the nares. 

Bellonia (bel-o'-ne-ah) [Peter Belon, a French nat- 
uralist, 1499-1564]. A genus of plants of the order 
Gesneracece. B. aspera is a shrub of the West Indies; 
the bark is used in intermittent fever and in dysen- 
tery. 

bellows (bel'-oz) [ME., belowes]. An instrument for 
propelling air through a tube or small orifice, b. 
sound, the bruit de souffle, q. v. 

belly (bel'-e) [ME., bely]. 1. See abdomen. 2. Any 
belly- like enlargement of a part, b -bound, con- 
stipated, b.-button, the navel, b. of a muscle, the 
fleshy part of a muscle. 

bellyache (bel-e-ak). See colic. 

beloid (bel'-oid) [fieKos, an arrow]. Arrow-shaped 
or styloid. 

belonephobia (bel-o-ne-fo'-be-ah) \fie\oi>r), a pin; 
<£6/3os, fear]. A morbid dread of pins and needles, 
and of sharp-pointed objects in general. 

belonoid (bel'-on-oid) [fieXovrj, a needle, bodkin]. 
Styloid; needle-shaped. 

belonospasis (bel-on-os' -pa-sis) [fieXovrj, a point; 
crvavis, a drawing]. Irritation by means of needles 
or metallic tractors. 

belt {belt). A girdle about the waist, b., abdomi- 
nal, a broad, elastic belt worn about the abdomen 
as a support during pregnancy, b., magnetic, a belt 
consisting of plates of metal fastened upon a strip 
of felt moistened with dilute acid. It is a cure-all 
largely sold by empirics, b., test, a patient suffering 
from enteroptosis experiences a sensation of relief 
when firm upward pressure is made on the lower 
part of the abdomen. 

ben, oil of, benne oil (ben, ben'-e). Oleum bala- 
tinum; it is obtained by expression from the seeds 
of the several species of Moringa. It is a colorless, 
odorless oil, not readily turning rancid. It is used 
for extracting odors and for lubricating clocks and 
light machinery. 

Benario's method (ben-ar'-e-o). For the fixation 
of blood-films. It consists in the use of a 1 % alco- 
holic solution of formalin for one minute. 

Bence- Jones' bodies [Henry Bence-Jones, English 
physician, 1814-1873]- Peculiar bodies, consisting 
of albumose, found in the urine in certain affections 
of the bone-marrow, especially neoplasms. B.-J.'s 
cylinders, long cylindrical formations derived from 
the seminiferous tubules, sometimes seen in the 
urine. B.-J.'s reaction, the urine is acidified with 
acetic acid and gently heated, in the presence of 
albumose a precipitate is formed, which is dissolved 
on boiling and reappears on cooling. 

bends (bendz) [ME., bend]. A term used by miners 
and caisson-laborers for a condition produced by too 
sudden reduction of the high air-pressure; it is indi- 
cated by swellings or small bubbles under the skin; 
see caisson disease. 

Benedict's test for HC1 in the stomach. This 
consists in auscultation over the stomach after the 
patient has swallowed a small quantity of saturated 
solution of sodium bicarbonate. Normal hydro- 
chloric acidity is indicated by a fine crepitation, 
superacidity by an earlier and louder sound, and 
in anacidity the crepitation is absent. 

benedictine (ben-e-dik'-tin) [benedicere, to bless]. 
A liqueur or cordial originally prepared by Bene- 
dictine monks, and distilled at Fecamp, in France. 
It much resembles chartreuse and trappistine. 

Benedikt's syndrome (ben'-e-dikt) [Moritz Bene- 
dikt, Austrian physician, 1835- ]. Paralysis of 
the motor oculi of one side and tremor of the arm of 
the opposite side; attributed by Charcot to a lesion 
in the ventrointernal part of the crura cerebri. 

beng (beng). See cannabis indica. 

bengalin (ben'-gawl-in) [Hind., Bengal]. A blue 
pigment derived from the benzene colors. 

Benger's food. Partially digested and solidified 
beef -tea, used as a food for invalids. 

Bengue's anodyne balsam (ben'-ga). A compound 



consisting of menthol, 32^; methyl salicylate, 32 J; 
wool-fat, 33- 

benign, benignant (be-nln', be-nig'-nant) [benignus, 
kind]. Not endangering health or life; not malignant, 
applied to certain tumors. 

Benincasa (ben-in-ka' '-zah) [Benincasa, an Italian 
nobleman]. A genus of plants of the order Cucur- 
bitacece. B. cerifera is a perennial species of the 
East Indies, with large, greenish fruit, the seeds of 
which are used in dysuria and colic, the rind in 
tuberculosis, asthma, and chills, and the plant in 
fevers, vertigo, etc. 

Benique's sound (ba-ne-ka') [Pierre Jules Benique, 
French physician, 1806-1851]. A urethral sound 
with a wide curve. 

benne, oil of (ben'-e). Oil of sesame seeds. See 
sesame. 

Bennett's corpuscles. Large epithelial cells filled 
with fatty detritus found in the contents of some 
ovarian cysts. 

Bennett's fracture [Edward Hallaran Bennett, 
Irish surgeon, 1837-1907]. A longitudinal fracture 
of the first metacarpal bone, extending into the 
carpometacarpal joint and complicated by subluxa- 
tion. 

benzacetin (ben-zas'-et-in), C 6 H3(OC2H 5 )(NH .- 
CHsCO)COOH. Colorless crystals, soluble in alco- 
hol, slightly soluble in water; melt at 205 ° C. It is 
used in neuralgia. Dose 8-15 gr. (0.52-0.97 Gm.). 
Syn., acetamidomethyl-salicylic acid. 

benzaconine (ben-zak' -on-en) . An alkaloid from 
aconite with action similar to aconitine, except that 
it lacks its antipyretic power and has little effect 
on the sensory nerves, while it depresses the motor 
group and also the muscle-fibers. 

benzaldehyde (ben-zaV -de-hid) [benzoin; aldehyde], 
C7H6O, benzaldehydum (U. S. P.). Bitter-almond oil; 
a compound that results from the oxidation of benzyl 
alcohol. 

benzamide (ben'-zam-id) [benzoin; amide], C7H7NO. 
A compound resulting from the action of benzoyl 
chloride upon alcoholic ammonia. 

benzamil (ben'-zam-il), C28H10NO2. A distillation- 
product of oil of bitter almonds 

benzanalgen (ben-zan-al'-jen), C9H5OC2H5 . HN- 
COeCHsN. A derivative of chinolin. It is antiseptic , 
antipyretic, and antineuralgic, and has the power of 
dissolving uric acid. It is used in rheumatism, tabes 
dorsalis, and chronic gout. Dose 75~45 gr. (0.5- 
3.0 Gm.). 

benzanilide (ben-zan' -il-id) [benzoin; aniline], 
C13H11NO. Benzoyl anilide, prepared by the action 
of benzoyl chloride on aniline. It is used as an 
antipyretic in children in doses of 3-8 gr. (0.2-0.5 
Gm.). 

benzaurin (ben-zaw'-rin), C19H16O3. Red crystals 
melting at 100 C. Syn., Phenyldiphenolcarbinol. 
b. anhydride, a colorless substance dissolving in 
alkaline solutions with a violet color. 

benzene (ben'-zen), Ceile. A hydrocarbon con- 
tained in coal-tar. It is formed by the dry distil- 
lation of all benzene acids. It is a mobile, ethereal- 
smelling liquid, of specific gravity 0.899 at 0°. It 
solidifies at about o°, melts at +6°, boils at 580 , 
and burns with a luminous flame. It readily dis- 
solves resins, fats, sulphur, iodine, and phosphorus. 
Aniline and the aniline colors are derived from it. 
Syn., benzol; phene; phenyl hydrid. b.-sulphonic 
acid, C6H5 . SOsH, is prepared by boiling together 
equal parts of benzene and H2SO4. It occurs in 
small plates, readily soluble in alcohol and water, 
and which deliquesce in the air. 

benzenyl (ben'-zen-il). See phenyl, b.-amido- 
thiophenol, C13H9NS, acicular crystals with fragrance 
of roses, obtained from amidophenylmercaptan by 
benzoic aldehyde and heat; it is soluble in alcohol, 
ether, carbon disulphide, and dilute hydrochloric 
acid. Syn., benzenylamidophenylmercaptan. 

benzhydrol (benz-hi'-drol), C 6 H 5 -CH(OH) -CeHs. 
An alcohol occurring as silky, acicular crystals, 
slightly soluble in water, obtained from an alcoholic 
solution of benzophenone by action of sodium amal- 
gam. Syn., diphenylcarbinol. b. acetate, a thick 
liquid obtained by heating benzhydrol with acetic 
acid. 

benzidine (ben'-zid-en). Diaminobiphenyl, NH2 .- 
CeH4 . CeH4 . NH2. A colorless, crystalline sub- 
'stance, formed by reaction of acids upon hydrazo- 
benzene. Used in test for blood. See Adler's 
benzidine reaction for blood. 



BENZIL 



137 



BERARD'S ANEURYSM 



benzil {benz'-il), Q4H10O2. A compound produced 
by the action of nitric acid on benzoin. 

benzUimide (ben-zil'-im-id), C28H22N2O2. White 
silky needles obtained from an alcoholic solution of 
benzil by action of dry ammoniacal gas. 

benzimide {ben' -zim-id) [benzoyl; amide], C23H18- 
N2O2. A compound formed by the action of hydro- 
cyanic acid on benzoyl hydrate. It occurs also in 
the resinous residue of the rectification of the oil of 
bitter almonds. 

benzin, benzinum, benzine {ben'-zin, -zi'-num, 
ben'-zen). Petroleum ether. The benzinum of the 
U. S. P. is a purified distillate from American petro- 
leum, having a specific gravity of 0.77 to 0.79, boiling 
at 8o° to 90 C, colorless, of ethereal odor, and a 
slightly peppermint-like taste. It is a valuable sol- 
vent for oils, fats, resins, caoutchouc, and some 
alkaloids. It has been used against tape-worm. It 
should be distinguished from benzene. Dose 5-10 
min. (0.33-0.66 Cc.) on sugar or in mucilage, b., 
coal-tar, benzin obtained as a by-product in preparing 
benzene and toluene from coal-tar oil by action of 
acids and alkalies. It differs chemically and phys- 
ically from petroleum benzin, and is used as a 
cleansing fluid and as a solvent for resin, caoutchouc, 
etc. 

benzinin {ben' -zin-in). A toxin extracted by Au- 
clair from tubercle bacilli. Syn., benzinobacillin. 

benzinobacillin {ben-zin-o-bas'-il-in). See benzinin. 

benzinomania {ben-zin-o-ma' -ne-ah) . The habit 
of taking benzin, by inhalation. And see benzolism. 

benzite {ben'-zit). A solution of sulphur in two 
or three parts of hot coal-tar. 

benzoate {ben'-zo-at) [benzoin]. Any salt of 
benzoic acid, b., naphthol. See benzonaphthol. 

benzoated {ben'-zo-a-ted) [benzoin]. Impregnated 
with benzoin or with benzoic acid or a benzoate. 

benzodiureid (ben-zo-di-u' -re-id) , C9H12N4O2. Tiny 
needles obtained from benzoic aldehyde by action 
of urea. 

benzoglycollate {ben-zo- gli'-kol-at). A salt of 
benzoglycollic acid. 

benzohelicin {ben-zo-heV -is-in) , C20H20O8. A com- 
bination of benzoyl and helicin. Syn., benzoyl helicin. 

benzoic {ben-zo'-ik) [benzoin]. Pertaining to or 
derived from benzoin, b. acid. See acid, benzoic. 

benzoin {ben'-zoin or -zo-in) [origin obscure]. 

1. Benzoinum (U. S. P.), a resin obtained from 
Styrax benzoin, a tree native to Sumatra and Siam. 
It is a ketone alcohol, C14H12O2, and may be produced 
by oxidizing hydrobenzoin with concentrated HNO3. 
It is antiseptic and disinfectant, and is used mainly 
as a stimulant expectorant in chronic bronchitis. 

2. C14H12O2, a reaction-product of an alcoholic solu- 
tion of potassium cyanide on benzoic aldehyde, 
forming yellowish, fragrant prisms, soluble in hot 
alcohol, melting at i35°-i37° C. It is used as an 
external antiseptic, 1 part in 5 of lard. Syn., bitter- 
almond oil camphor; phenylbenzoyl carbinol. b., 
flowers of, benzoic acid obtained by the sublimation 
of benzoin, b., tincture of {tinctura benzoini, U. S. 
P.), 20 % of the resin in alcohol. Dose §-1 dr. 
(2-4 Cc). b., tincture of, compound {tinctura 
benzoini composita, U. S. P.), friars' balsam; Turling- 
ton's balsam; it consists of benzoin, 12; aloes, 2; 
storax, 8; balsam of tolu, 4; alcohol, sufficient to 
make 100 parts. Dose \-2 dr. (2-8 Cc). 

benzoinam {ben-zo'-in-am), C28H24N2O. A crystal- 
line powder derived from .benzoin by action of 
alcoholic solution of ammonia with heat. 

benzoinated {ben-zo' -in-a-ted) . Combined or 
prepared with benzoin. 

benzoinol {ben-zo' -in-ol). An oily liquid, said to 
consist of albolene with gum benzoin in solution; 
it is used as an excipient for menthol, camphor, etc., 
in diseases of the nose and throat. 

benzoiodohydrin {ben-zo-i-o-do-hV -drin) , (C3H5)- 
ClICCyHoCb). A brownish-yellow, oily mass, soluble 
in alcohol, ether, and petroleum ether, insoluble in 
glycerol. It decomposes at ioo° C, iodine being 
liberated. It is a succedaneum for potassium iodide, 
and is given in the same doses. Syn., chloroiodo- 
benzoic-glycerinester ; glycerylchloriodobenzoate. 

benzol, benzole, benzoleum {ben'-zol, ben'-zol, 
ben-zol-e'-um). See benzene. 

benzolguaiacol {ben-zol-givi'-ak-ol). See benzosol. 

benzohne {ben' -zol-en) . Impure benzene, used 
for removing grease. 

benzolism {ben'-zol-izm). Benzol-poisoning, from 
inhaling the vapor or swallowing it. It is marked 



in light cases by dizziness, loss of consciousness, 
and anesthesia; in severer cases by hallucination, 
epileptic paroxysms, and coma. 

benzonaphthol {ben-zo-naf-thol) [benzoin; naph- 
thol], CioHtOCCtHoO). The benzoate of betanaphthol, 
used as an .intestinal antiseptic in typhoid fever 
and other intestinal diseases. Dose 2-8 gr. (0.13- 
0.52 Gm.). 

benzonitrile {ben-zo-ni' -tril) [benzoin; niirum, 
niter], C7H5N. An oil obtained from benzene- 
sulphonic acid by distillation with potassium cyanide. 
It has an odor resembling that of oil of bitter almonds, 
and boils at 191 C; its specific gravity is 1.023 
at o° C. 

benzoparacresol {ben-zo-par-ah-kre'-sol). An in- 
testinal septic, insoluble in water. Dose, 4 gr. 
(0.25 gm.). m 

benzophenid {ben-zo-fen' -id) . Phenyl benzoate. 

benzophenoneid {ben-zo-fe-no' -ne-id) . An anti- 
septic and germicidal compound. 

benzopyrine {ben-zo-pi'-rin). Antipyrine benzoate. 

benzosalicin {ben-zo-saV -is-in) . See populin. 

benzosalin {ben-zo-sa'-lin). Trade name for the 
methyl ester of benzosalicylic acid; used in rheuma- 
tism, sciatica, neuralgia. Dose, 20-40 gr. (1-2 gm.). 

benzosol (ben'-zo-sol) [benzoin], C14H12O3. The 
benzoate of guaiacol; it contains 54 % of guaiacol. 
Its chief uses are as an intestinal antiseptic and in 
pulmonary tuberculosis. Dose 3-12 gr. (0.2-0.8 
Gm.). 

benzosulphate {ben-zo-suV -fat) . A salt of benzo- 
sulphuric acid. 

benzosulphinide {ben-zo-suV -fin-id) . Benzosul- 
phinidum (U. S. P.) ; saccharin. 

benzotrichloride {ben-zo-tri-klo' -rid) , C7H5CI3. A 
colorless, transparent, highly refractive liquid, with 
penetrating odor, obtained from boding toluene by 
action of chlorine; sp. gr. 1.38 at 14 C; boils at 
2I3°-2I4° C. Syn., benzenyl trichloride. 

benzoyl {ben'-zo-il) [benzoin], CeHsCO. The 
radical of benzoic acid, of oil of bitter almonds, and 
of an extensive series of compounds derived from 
this oil, or connected with it by certain relations. 
b.-acetylperoxide, C9H8O4, an oxidized product of 
the mixed anhydride of acetic and benzoic acids, a 
crystalline body, slightly soluble in water and very 
unstable. To prevent explosion by sudden heating 
or grinding it is diluted with an equal quantity of 
inert absorbent powder and called acetozone. It is 
used as an intestinal antiseptic Dose 4-5 gr. (0.26- 
0.32 Gm.) 3 times daily. Syn., acetyl-benzoyl 
peroxide, b. chloride, C7H5OCI, a transparent, 
colorless, pungent oil with a specific gravity of 
1. 21 at 19 C; it boils at i94°-i95° C. When acted 
on by alcoholic ammonia it gives dibenzylamine. 
It is used as a reagent in organic analysis and syn- 
thesis. Syn., chlorobenzoyl chloride, b.-ecgonin, Ci6- 
HisNCuH, a substance intermediate in composition 
between cocaine and ecgonin. b.-eugenol, C17H16O3, 
a substance forming large, transparent, colorless 
prisms or small white crystals, soluble in alcohol, 
ether, chloroform, and acetone; melts at 69°-70.S° C. 
It is used in tuberculosis. Dose 7i~i5 gr- (0.5-1.0 
Gm.). b.-glycocin, b.-glycocoll, hippuric acid, b.- 
guaiacol. See benzosol. b. hydrate, benzoic acid; 
also improperly applied to benzoic aldehyde, b. 
peroxide, a bactericide and disinfectant substance. 
b.-phenylhydrazin, C13H12N2O, an antiseptic. b. 
pseudotropein, a local anesthetic, b. salicin, see 
populin. b.-tropein, CeHutCeHoCCONO, silky, acicu- 
lar needles; it is a local anesthetic. 

benzyl (ben'-zil) [benzoin], C7H7. A univalent 
hydrocarbon radical that does not exist in the free 
state, but in combination forms a considerable 
number of compounds, b. alcohol. See alcohol, 
benzyl. 

benzylic {ben-zil'-ik). Relating to or prepared with 
benzyl. 

benzylidene {ben-zil' -id-en) [benzoin], C-Ue. A 
bivalent hydrocarbon radical derived from benzoin 
compounds. 

Beral's apparatus. In pharmacy, an apparatus 
for effecting lixiviation. 

Beraneck's tuberculin {ba-ran-ek') [Edmond Ber- 
aneck, Swiss bacteriologist, 1850- ]. A tuberculin 
made from two filtrates of tubercle bacilli, one 
extracted with lime, the other with phosphoric 
acid. 

Berard's aneurysm {ba-rar) [Auguste B'erard, 
French surgeon, 1 802-1 846]. A varicose aneurysm 



BERAUD'S LIGAMENT 



138 



BETACISM 



having its sac in the tissue immediately surrounding 
the vein. 

Beraud's ligament (ba-ro') [Bruno Jean Jacques 
Beraud, French surgeon, 1825-1865]. The suspensory 
ligament of the pericardium that is attached to the 
third and fourth dorsal vertebra?. B.'s valve, a fold 
of mucous membrane found occasionally in the 
lacrimal sac, which it separates from the nasal 
duct. 

berberine (ber'-ber-en) [berberis], C20H17NO4. An 
alkaloid found in the bark of Berberis and in many 
other plants. It is recommended as a tonic and 
antiperiodic, and is an ingredient of various lotions 
for mucous membranes; it is useful in nasal catarrh, 
etc. Dose 1-10 gr. (0.065-0.65 Gm.). b. carbonate, 
C41H34NO11, crystalline powder, soluble in hot water; 
it is antiperiodic, stomachic, and tonic. Dose, 
antiperiodic, 8-15 gr. (0.52-1.0 Gm.); stomachic and 
tonic, |-i gr. (0.032-0.065 Gm.) 3 times daily, b. 
hydrochloride, is used locally in gonorrhea. 

berberis '(ber'-ber-is) [L.]. Barberry. The berberis 
of the U. S. P. is the root of Berberis aquifolium and 
other species. Its properties are due to an alkaloid, 
berberine, C20H17NO4. It is an astringent, bitter 
tonic; in large doses, a cathartic. It has been used 
locally in conjunctivitis, and internally in malarial 
and typhoid fevers, b., fluidextract of (fluidex- 
tractum berberidis, U. S. P.). Dose 5-30 min. (0.32- 
2.0 Cc). b., tincture of. Dose 10 min.-i dr. 
(0.65-4-0 Cc). 

bergamot, oil of (bur'-gam-ot) [Bergamo, a town 
in Italy], C10H16. A volatile oil derived from the 
rind of the Citrus bergamia. It is used mainly as a 
perfume and as a clearing-agent in histological work. 

bergapten (bur-gap' -ten), C12H8O4. A solid, greasy 
compound obtained from bergamot oil, being the 
lactone of burgaptenic acid. It melts at 188 C. 
Syn., bergamilene; bergamot camphor. 

bergenin (bur'-jen-in) [Bergenia, a genus of plants], 
C6H3O3H2O. A bitter, crystalline substance, ob- 
tained from various species of saxifrage, melting at 
140 C. It is said to be a nerve tonic, with action 
intermediate between that of salicylic acid and of 
quinine. 

Berger's paresthesia (bar'-ja) [Emil Berger, 
Austrian physician]. Paresthesia in youthful sub- 
jects, of one or both lower extremities, without 
objective symptoms, accompanied by weakness. 
B.'s sign, an elliptical or irregular shape of the pupil 
sometimes seen in the early stage of tabes and 
paralytic dementia and in paralysis of the third 
cranial nerve. 

Bergeron's disease (bar-ja-ron) [Etienne Jules 
Bergeron, French physician, 1817-1900]. An affec- 
tion characterized by abrupt, lightning-like, mus- 
cular contractions, independent of the will and 
limited ordinarily to the head and arms, involving 
at times the two extremities of one side. Like 
Dubini's disease, it is also known as " electric 
chorea." 

Bergeron-Henoch's chorea. See Bergeron's disease. 

Bergmann's fibers, B.-Deiters' fibers. The 
processes of certain superficial neuroglia cells of the 
cerebellum- which radiate toward the surface and are 
connected with the pia. B. incision. An oblique 
incision to expose the kidney. From the outer edge 
of the erector spina? at the level of twelfth rib down- 
ward and outward toward the junction of the outer 
and middle third of Poupart's ligament. 

beriberi (ber'-e-ber-e) [Singhalese, beri, weakness]. 
An infectious disease, endemic in various countries 
of Asia (Ceylon, India, China, Japan), Africa, and 
Australia, and presenting the features of a multiple 
neuritis. Bad food and defective hygienic conditions 
are predisposing causes; the true etiological factor is 
probably a microorganism. Syn., kakke; myelopathia 
tropica; panneuritis epidemica. b., dropsical. See 
uncinariasis, b., pseudo-, Gibbs' name for a disease 
endemic in the Singapore Lunatic Asylum, which pre- 
vails during the wet season and attacks Asiatics only. 
It is not contagious, is marked by slight anemia, 
considerable soft anasarca, and tendency to sudden 
death from shock. The softness of the edema, lack 
of spastic and paralytic conditions, and rapidity of 
recovery distinguish it from beriberi. The period 
of incubation is from one to two days, b., web, 
that marked by anemia and dropsy without paralysis. 

Berkefeld filter (berk' -felt). A filter of diatomace- 
ous earth used to filter out bacteria and so obtain a 
sterile filtrate. 



Berlin's disease [Rudolf Berlin, German ophthal- 
mologist, 1833-1907]. Commotio retinae; traumatic 
edema of the retina. 

Bernard's canal or duct (bur-nar') [Claude Bernard, 
French physiologist, 1813-1878]. The supplementary 
duct of the pancreas. B.'s center, the "diabetic 
center" in the floor of the fourth ventricle. B.'s 
granular layer, the deep layer of cells lining the 
acini of the pancreas. It is granular in appearance 
and stains but slightly with carmin. B.'s puncture, 
the puncture of a definite spot in the floor of the 
fourth cerebral ventricle for the production of arti- 
ficial diabetes. 

Bernays' aseptic sponge (bur'-nay) [Augustus 
Charles Bernays, American surgeon, 1854-1907]. 
Small circular discs of prepared cotton fiber which 
has been subjected to great pressure; when placed 
in water, they increase in size 12 to 15 times. They 
are recommended as controlling agents in nasal 
hemorrhage. 

Bernhardt's paresthesia (burn'-hart) [Martin 
Bernhardt, German neurologist, 1844- ]. Ab- 
normal sensations, especially of numbness, with 
hyperesthesia and pain on exertion, in the region 
supplied by the external cutaneous nerve of the 
thigh. 

Bernhardt-Roth's symptom-complex. See Bern- 
hardt's paresthesia. 

Bernheimer's fibers (burn' -hi-mer) [Stefan Bern- 
heimer, Austrian ophthalmologist, 1861- ]. A 
tract of nerve-fibers extending from the optic tract 
to Luys' body. 

berry (ber'-e). An indehiscent fruit with a peri- 
carp that is succulent throughout, as the grape and 
gooseberry. 

Berthelot's test for phenol (bur'-thel-o) [Marcellin 
Pierre Eugene Berthelot, French chemist, 1827-1907]. 
An ammoniacal solution of phenol treated with 
sodium hypochlorite produces a beautiful blue 
coloration. 

Berthollet's law (bur-tol-a') [Claude Louis Berthol- 
et, French chemist, 1748-1822]. When two salts 
in solution can, by double decomposition, produce a 
salt less soluble than either, this salt will be produced. 

Bertillonage (ber-til-lon-a(h)j) [Alphonse Bertillon, 
French anthropologist, 1853-1914]. A system of 
carefully recorded measurements and descriptions 
of criminals, for the purpose of future identification, 
introduced into France by Bertillon and adopted 
by the police of many large cities of the United 
States. 

Bertin, bones of (bur-tan') [Exupere Joseph 
Bertin, French anatomist, 1712-1781]. The sphenoid 
turbinated bones, partly closing the sphenoid sinuses. 
B., column of, a cortical column of the kidney; the 
part separating the medullary pyramids. B., liga- 
ment of, the iliofemoral ligament. 

beryllium (ber-il'-e-um) [firipvWos, beryl]. A 
bivalent metal obtained from the beryl, whence its 
name. Syn., glucinum. See elements, table of 
chemical. 

Berzelius' test for albumin (bur-ze'-le-us) [Johan 
Jacob Berzelius, Swedish chemist, 1779-1848]. All 
albuminous substances (except peptone) are precipi- 
tated from their aqueous solutions by metaphosphoric 
acid in freshly prepared concentrated solution. 

besetment (be-set'-ment). An obsession. 

besiclometer (bes-ik-lom'-et-er) [Fr., besides, spec- 
tacle's; \ikrpov, measure]. An instrument used by 
opticians for measuring the forehead to obtain the 
proper width for spectacle frames. 

Besnier's rheumatism (ba-ne-a') [Jules Besnier, 
French physician]. Simple chronic articular rheu- 
matism; chronic arthrosynovitis. 

bestiality (bes-te-al'-it-e) [bestia, a beast]. Sexual 
intercourse with an animal. 

Bestucheff's mixture, B.'s tincture (bes'-tu-shef) 
[Alexei Petrovich Bestucheff, Russian general, 1693- 
1766]. The ethereal tincture of iron chloride, used 
in erysipelas. It is made as follows: Tincture of 
iron chloride, 1 part; spirit of nitrous ether, 4 parts. 
Mix and expose to the rays of the sun in well-closed 
bottles until the brownish color disappears. The 
dose is from 1 to 2 teaspoonfuls every 3 hours. 

beta (be'-tah) [L.]. 1. The beet. 2. The second 
letter of the Greek alphabet, used in chemical nomen- 
clature to indicate the second of two isomeric com- 
pounds. 

betacism (be'-tas-izm) [beta, /S, the second letter of 
the Greek alphabet]. The too-frequent use of the 



BETAINE 



139 



BICEPS 



&-sound in speech, or the conversion of other sounds 
into it. 

betaine (be'-ta-in). A ptomaine, C5H11NO2, ob- 
tained from certain animal and vegetable substances, 
including the beet. 

betanaphthol (be-tah-naf -thol) . See naphthol. 
b. bismuth, a preparation containing 80 % of bis- 
muth oxide and 20 % of betanaphthol. It is a brown 
powder, insoluble in water, and decomposed into its 
component parts in the intestine, the betanaphthol 
being absorbed and discharged with the urine, while 
the bismuth is evacuated with the stools. It is an 
intestinal antiseptic. Dose 15-45 gr. (1-3 Gm.). 
b. carbonate, CO(OCioH7)2, a dinaphthyl ester of 
carbonic acid obtained by the action of phosgene on 
betanaphthol sodium. It is used as an intestinal 
antiseptic, b. lactate, lactol. 

betel (be'-teV) [E. Ind.]. A masticatory used in 
the East. A few grains of the nut of the catechu 
palm, Areca catechu, are rolled up with a small 
amount of quicklime in a leaf of Piper betel, and 
chewed. It is tonic, astringent, stimulant, and 
aphrodisiac, and seems to increase the powers of 
endurance. Dose of fluidextract 1-3 dr. (4-12 Cc). 
bethroot (beth-root). The rhizome of Trillium 
erecta, astringent and tonic. Dose of fluidextract 
rg> xxx-3j. Triliin, a concentrated ext. Dose gr. 
ij-iv. 

betin (be'-tin) [beta, a beet]. A precipitate pre- 
pared from a tincture of the common beet. It has 
been proposed as a substitute for ergot. 

betol (be'-tol), C11H7O . C-H5O2. A salicylic ether 
of naphthol, used in rheumatism and cystitis. It 
resembles salicylic acid in its properties. Dose 
10-15 gr. (0.65-1.0 Gm.). Syn., naphthalol; salin- 
aphthol. 

betony (bet'-on-e). The leaves of Stachys betonica, 
formerly used as an emetic, expectorant, cathartic 
and for various other purposes. 

Bettendorff's test for arsenic (Joet' -en-dorf) . On 
heating a solution of stannous chloride in concentrated 
hydrochloric acid, specific gravity 1.19, with a solu- 
tion of arsenic or arsenous acids in strong hydrochloric 
acid, a brownish turbidity or precipitate of metallic 
arsenic and tin is yielded. 

Bettmann's test. Same as Bettendorff's test. 
betula (bei'-u-lah) [betula, birch]. See birch. 
betulase (bet' -u-las) . See gaultherase. 
betulin (bet'-u-lin) [betula, birch], CseEUoCh. Birch- 
resin, or birch-camphor, derived from the bark of 
the white birch. 

betulol (bet'-u-lol). An application for the treat- 
ment of rheumatism, said to be more quickly ab- 
sorbed than oil of wintergreen. Syn., methyl-oleo- 
salicylate. 

between-brain. The interbrain; also the mid- 
brain. 

Betz, giant cells of (bets) ;[Philipp Friedrich Betz, 
German physician, 1819- ]• Large ganglion-cells 
found in the deeper layers of the cortex, especially in 
the ascending frontal convolution and the paracentral 
lobule. They are usually arranged in small groups 
of from three to five that are known as Betz's nests. 
Bevan's incision. To expose the gall-bladder. 
A vertical incision along the outer border of right 
rectus muscle. 

bex (beks) [/3^, a cough]. A cough, or disease 
characterized by coughing, b. convulsiva, whooping- 
cough, b. theriodes, synonym of whooping-cough. 

bezoar (be'-zo-ar) [Pers., padzahr, the bezoar- 
stone, supposed antidote for poison]. A concretion 
found in the stomach or intestine of some animals 
(especially ruminants), formerly believed to be 
efficacious in preventing the fatal effects of poison. 
b., oriental, a hard, round concretion obtained 
from the intestine of the gazelle and other ruminants. 
It consists of concentric layers of resinous matter 
which burn with an agreeable odor; it is valued in 
the East for supposed medicinal properties. 

Bezold's ganglion (be'-zolt) [Friedrich Bezold, 
German otologist, 1842-1908]. A ganglion in the 
interauricular septum of the frog's heart. B.'s 
mastoiditis, destruction of the apex of the mastoid 
process with a tendency to the formation of an ab- 
scess in the neck. B.'s perforation, perforation on 
the inner surface of the mastoid, with formation of 
an abscess under the sterno-mastoid. B.'s symptom, 
the appearance of an inflammatory swelling a short 
distance below the apex of the mastoid process is 
evidence of mastoid suppuration. See Bezold's 



mastoiditis, B.'s perforation. B.'s triad, diminished 
or delayed bone conduction, diminished appreciation 
of low tones, and negative Rinne's test, all together 
indicating otosclerosis. 

BF. [Fr. bouillon filtre, filtered broth or bouillon]. 
Same as Denys' tuberculin. 

bhang (bang). See cannabis indica. 

bhel (bel). See bel. 

B. Hy. Abbreviation for Bachelor of Hygiene. 

Bi. Chemical symbol of bismuth. 

bi- [bis, twice]. A prefix meaning two, twice, 
double. 

biacuminate (bi-ak-u'-min-at) [bi-; acuminatus, 
pointed]. Having two diverging pointed ends. 

bialate (bi-a'-lat) [bi-; ala, a wing]. Having two 
wings or wing-like appendages. 

Bial's test for pentose (be'-al). Reagent: To 500 
cc. of 30 per cent. HC1 add 1 gram of orcin and 25 
drops of 10 per cent, ferric chloride solution. Four 
to 5 cc. of this reagent are heated to the boiling point 
and withdrawn from the flame. Add the suspected 
urine drop by drop, up to 1 cc or less; a green color 
will appear if pentose be present. If dextrose be 
present in the urine it should first be removed by 
fermentation with a pure culture of yeast. 

bialuminate (bi-al-u'-min-at) [bi-; aluminum]. 
A salt of aluminum containing two equivalents of 
aluminum combined with one of acid. 

biangulate (bi-ang'-u-ldt) [bi-; angulus, an angle]. 
With two angles. 

biapiculate (bi-ap-ik' -u-ldt) [bi-; apex, the summit]. 
With two summits. 

biarsenate (bi-ar'-sen-at) [bi-; arsenic}. An acid 
arsenate containing two atoms of hydrogen. 

biarticulate (bi-ar-tik'-u-lat) [bi-; articulus, a 
joint]. Having a double joint. 

biasteriac, biasterial, biasteric (bi-as-ter'-e-ak, 
bi-as-te'-re-al, bi-as-ter'-ik) [bi-; asterion, a cranio- 
metric point]. Relating to the asterion on each side 
of the skull; extending between the two asterions. 

biauricular (bi-aw-rik' -u-lar) [bi-; auricula, the 
ear]. Relating to two auricles or to two correspond- 
ing auricular points. 

biaurite (bi-aw'-rit) [bi-; auris, the ear]. Furnished 
with two ears or ear-like projections. 

biaxial (bi-aks'-e-al) [bis, twice; axis]. Furnished 
with two axes. 

bib. A portion of a red blood-corpuscle adherent 
to the crescent bodies of the blood, observed in 
malaria. 

bibasic (bi-ba'-sik) [bi-; basis, a base]. Having 
two hydrogen atoms replaceable by bases, as certain 
acids; dibasic. 

biberin (bib' -ur-in) . Same as bebeerin. 

bibiru bark (bib-e'-roo). See bebeeru. 

bibliography (bib-le-og'-ra-fe) [/3i/3Xiov, a book; 
-rpa<t>ei.v, to write]. A classified list of references, 
books, or authorities on any subject. 

bibliophobia (bib-le-o-fo'-be-ah) [fiiffKLov, a book; 
<f>6(}os, dread]. Morbid dislike of books. 

biborate (bi-bo'-rat). See pyroborate. 

bibromide (bi-bro' -mid) . A compound of bromine 
with a radical or element, containing twice as much 
bromine as another similar compound. 

bibulous (bib'-u-lus) [bibere, to drink]. Having 
the property of absorbing moisture. b. paper, 
blotting paper. 

bicalcarate (bi-kal'-kar-at) [bi-; calcar, a spur]. 
Furnished with two spurs or spur-like projections. 

bicameral (bi-kam'-er-al) [bi-; camera, a vault]. 
Having two compartments. 

bicapitate (bi-kap'-it-at) [bi-; caput, a head]. 
Having two heads; bicephalous; dicephalous. 

bicapsular (bi-kap'-su-lar) [bi-; capsula, a capsule]. 
Having two capsules. 

bicarbonate (bi-kar'-bon-at) [bi-; carbonate]. Any 
salt of carbonic acid in Which only one of the hydro- 
gen atoms has been replaced by a base. 

bicaudal, bicaudate (bi-kaw'-dal, bi-kaw'-dat) [bi-; 
cauda, tail]. Having two tails or appendages. 

bicavitary (bi-kav'-it-a-re) [bi-; cavitas, a cavity]. 
Having two cavities. 

bicellular (bi-seV -u-lar) [bi-; cella, a cell]. Com- 
posed of two cells. 

bicephalic, bicephalous (bi-sef-al'-ik, bi-sef -al-us) . 
See dicephalous. 

bicephalus. See dicephalus. 

biceps (bi'-seps) [bi-; caput, head]. Having two 
heads, a term applied to several muscles, as b. brachii, 
b. flexor cruris. 



BICEPTOR 



140 



BIGEMINAL 



biceptor (bi-sep'-tor) [bi-; receptor]. A receptor 
having two complementophile groups. 

Bichat, canal of (be'-shah) [Marie Francois Xavier 
Bichat, French anatomist, 1771-1802]. A canal 
which was supposed by Bichat to exist between the 
subarachnoid space and the third ventricle. B., fat- 
ball of, the buccal fat-pad, a mass of fat lying in 
the space between the buccinator and the anterior 
border of the masseter; it is especially well developed 
in infants. B., fissure of, the transverse curved 
fissure passing below the splenium; its extremities 
correspond to the beginning of the Sylvian fissure. 
It affords passage to the pia, which forms within the 
hemispheres the tela choroidea and choroid plexus. 
B., foramen of, one connecting the subarachnoid 
space and third ventricle; it transmits the cerebro- 
spinal fluid. B., membrane of, the subendothelial 
fibroelastic layer of the tunica intima of an artery. 
B., tunic of, the intima of the blood-vessels. 

bichlorid. See bichloride. 

bichloride (bi-klo' -rid) [bi-; chlorine]. A salt 
containing two equivalents of chlorine. 

bicho (be'-cho). Epidemic gangrenous inflamma- 
tion of the rectum. 

bichromate (bi-kro' -mat) [bi-; chromium]. A salt 
containing two equivalents of chromium. 

bicinctus, bicingulatus (bi-sink'-tus, bi-sin-gu-la' '- 
tus) [bi-; cingere, to gird]. Having two zones or belts. 

bicipital, bicipitous (bi-sip'-it-al, -us) [biceps, 
double-headed]. 1. With two heads. 2. Relating 
to one of the biceps muscles. 

biclavate (bi-kla'-vat) [bi-; clava, a club]. Clubbed 
at each end. b.-bihamate, with the two club- 
shaped ends bent toward each other, b.-cylindrical, 
cylindrical and with clubbed ends. 

biconcave (bi-kon'-kav). Hollow on both surfaces. 

biconvex (bi-kon'-veks). Rounded on both surfaces. 

bicornuate (bi-kor'-nu-at) [bicornutus, with two 
horns]. Having two horns, as a bicornuate uterus. 

bicorporal, bicorporate, bicorporated (bi-kor'-por-al, 
-at, -a-ted) [bi-; corpus, a body]. Consisting of two 
bodies. 

bicrescentic (bi-kres-en'-tik) [bis, twice; crescere, 
to grow]. Applied to a tooth having two ridges 
in the form of a double crescent. 

bicrural (bi-kru'-ral) [bi-; crus, a leg]. Having 
two legs or leg-like processes. 

bicuspid (bi-kus' -pid) [bi-; cuspis, the point of a 
spear]. Having two cusps, as bicuspid teeth, b. 
valve, the mitral valve of the heart. 

bicyanate (bi<*i r -an-dt) [bi-; cyanogen]. A salt 
having two equivalents of cyanic acid and one of a 
base. 

b. i. d. Abbreviation of the Latin bis in die, twice 
daily. 

bidacryc (bi-dak'-rik) [bi-; dacryon]. In crani- 
ometry, relating to the two dacryons. 

Bidder, ganglion of (bid'-er) [Friedrich Heinrich 
Bidder, German anatomist, 1810-1894]. An accu- 
mulation of ganglion-cells in the interauricular septum 
and the auriculoventricular groove of the frog's 
heart. 

bidental (bi-den'-tal) [bi-; dens, a tooth]. Having 
two teeth or tooth-like prominences. 

bidet (be-det' or be'-da) [Fr., "pony"]. A tub or 
basin with fixed attachments for the administering 
of injections; also for use as a sitz-bath or hip-bath. 

bidigital (bi-dij'-it-al) [bi-; digitus, a finger]. 
Referring to the tip of a finger of each hand. 

Bieber's reagent. Equal volumes concentrated 
sulphuric acid, red nitric acid, and water. 

Biedert's cream mixture (be'-dar). An infant's 
food made by mixing 4 oz. of cream with 12 oz. 
of warm water, and adding § oz. of milk-sugar. It 
contains 1 % of casein, 2.5 % of fat, and 3-8 % of 
sugar. As the child grows older a larger proportion 
of milk is added. 

Bieg's entotic test (beg). When words are 
audible only on being spoken into an ear-trumpet 
connected with a catheter placed in the Eustachian 
tube, but not through the ear-trumpet as ordinarily 
applied, there is a probable lesion of the malleus or 
incus which interferes with conduction. 

bielectrolysis (bi-e-lek-trol'-is-is) [bi; ijhkKTpov, 
amber; Xueris, resolution]. The electrolysis of two 
substances at the same time. 

biennial (bi-en'-e-al) [bi; annus, a year]. Every 
two years. In botany, plants that produce foliage 
and a root-stalk the first year, flowering and matur- 
ing the second. 



Biermer's anemia (ber'-mur) [Anton Biermer, 
German physician, 1827-1892]. Pernicious anemia. 
B.'s change of pitch, in hydropneumothorax the 
tympanitic sound is lower in pitch when the patient 
is sitting than when he is lying down. 

Biernacki's symptom (ber'-nak-e) [Edmond Adol- 
fovich Biernacki, Russian pathologist, 1866-1912]. 
Analgesia of the ulnar nerve at the elbow; it is ob- 
served in tabes dorsalis and paretic dementia. 

Bier's cups (ber) [August Karl Gustav Bier, 
German surgeon, 1861- ]. Glass appliances 
used to produce Bier's hyperemia. B.'s hyperemia. 
A method of treatment by artificial production of 
passive congestion in the part diseased. B.'s local 
anesthesia. 1. Anesthesia in a limb produced by 
intravenous injections of half per cent, cocaine after 
the part has been rendered bloodless by elevation 
and constriction. 2. Anesthesia of the lower part 
of the body produced by the injection of an anes- 
thetic agent into the spinal membranes. 

Biesiadecki's fossa (be-es-e-ah-dek'-e) [Alfred von 
Biesiadecki, Russian physician, 1839-1888]. A peri- 
toneal recess which is bounded in front by a more 
or less well-defined fold, the inner surface of which 
looks upward over the psoas toward the root of the 
mesentery, the outer extending toward the crest of 
the ilium. Syn., fossa iliacosubfascialis. 

Biett's collar (be-et'-) [Laurent Theodore Biett, 
Swiss physician, 1781-1840]. A zone of lenticulo- 
papular syphilide on the neck. 

bifacial (bi-fa'-shal) [bi-; fades, a face]. Having 
the opposite surfaces similar. 

bifarious (bi-fa'-re-us) [bifarius]. Twofold; ar- 
ranged in two more or less regular series or rows. 

Birfi's test for bile. Acidify 150 to 200 Cc. of 
urine with sulphuric acid; add drop by drop a 5 % 
barium chloride solution, using about 30 drops to 
every 100 Cc. of urine. Pour off the liquid and 
collect the soft precipitate on absorbent cotton and 
spread evenly. Place a crystal of potassium dicrho- 
mate upon the surface of the precipitate, and in the 
presence of bile a green ring will form around the 
crystal, changing to blue and then to red. A small 
amount of albumin will not interfere with the test, 
but if much is present, the use of a saturated solution 
of sodium sulphate is recommended instead of the 
sulphuric acid. 

bifid (bi'-fid) [bi-; findere, to cleave]. Divided into 
two parts; cleft, as bifid uvula, b. spine, spina 
bifida, b. tongue, one cleft longitudinally. 

bifissile (bi-fis'-l) [bi-; findere, to split]. Parting 
naturally into halves. 

bifistular, bifistulous (bi-fis'-tu-lar, -lus) [bi-; 
fistula, a pipe]. With two tubes. 

biflagellate (bi-flaj'-el-at) [bi-; flagellum, a whip]. 
Furnished with two flagella. 

bifocal (bi-fo'-kal) [bi-; focus, a point]. Having a 
double focus. Applied to a system of lenses or 
spectacle-glasses with two foci, chiefly used for the 
correction of presbyopia, when there is at the same 
time an error of refraction for distant vision. The 
distance lens is above that for near-work. These are 
sometimes called pantoscopic lenses, and also Franklin 
spectacles, because the device was first made by 
Benjamin Franklin. They are also called cement 
lenses, because now made by cementing the lower 
segment to the distance lens. 

biforate (bi-fo'-rat) [bi-; foratus, perforated]. 
Having two foramina. 

biformity (bi-form'-it-e). The condition of being 
dimorphous. 

biforous (bi'-for-us). 1. See biforate. 2. Having 
two valves. 

bifurcate (bi-fur'-kat) [bi-; furca, a fork]. Divided 
into two, like a fork. 

bifurcation (bi-fur-ka'-shun) [see bifurcate]. Divi- 
sion into two branches, as of the trachea for the aorta. 

bigaster (bi-gas'-ter). See biventer. 

Bigelovia (big-lo'-ve-ah) [Jacob Bigelow, American 
botanist, 1787-1879]. A genus of composite-flowered 
plants. See Damiana. 

Bigelow's ligament (big'-el-o) [Henry Jacob 
Bigelow, American surgeon, 1816-1890]. The Y- 
ligament of the hip-joint; iliofemoral ligament. 
B.'s operation, litholapaxy. B.'s septum, the calcar 
femorale, a nearly vertical spur of compact tissue 
in the neck of the femur, a little in front of the 
lesser trochanter. 

bigeminal, bigeminous (bi-jem'-in-al, -us) [bi-; 
geminare, to double]. Occurring in two pairs. 



BIGEMINUM 



141 



BING'S TEST 



bigeminum (bi-jem'-in-um) [bi, two; geminus, a 
twin]. One of the corpora bigemina of the brain. 

bihastate, bihastatus (bi-has'-tdt, bi-has-ta'-tus) 
[bi-; hasta, a lance]. With two lance-shaped pro- 
cesses. 

bilabe (bi'-ldb) [bi-; labium, lip]. A surgical in- 
strument for removing foreign bodies from the blad- 
der through the urethra. 

bilamellar, bilarnellate, bilamellated (bi-lam-el'- 
ar, -at, -el-a'-ted) [bi-; lamella, a plate]. Consisting 
of two thin plates. 

bilaminar, bilaminate (Jbi-lam' -in-ar , -at) [bi-; 
lamina, a sheet]. Composed of two layers. 

bilateral (bi-lat'-er-al) [bi-; latus, a side]. Relating 
to two sides; pertaining to or affecting both sides 
of the body. b. symmetry, the symmetry of right 
and left halves. 

bilateralism (bl-lat'-er-al-izm) [see bilateral]. Bi- 
lateral symmetry. 

bile (bil) [bills, the bile]. The substance secreted 
by the liver. It is mucilaginous, golden-brown, and 
is composed of biliary salts, cholesterin, mucus, and 
certain pigments. The principal salts are the 
sodium salts of taurocholic acid and glycocholic 
acid. The taste of bile is intensely bitter, its reac- 
tion feebly alkaline, and its density from 1026 to 
1032. b. acids, tests for. See Drechsel, Mylius, 
Pettenkofer, Slrassburg, v. Udransky. b., crystal- 
lized, Plattner's name for sodium taurocholate. 
b., cystic, bile contained in the gall-bladder as dis- 
tinguished from that which is transmitted directly 
from the liver to the duodenum, b., glastine, that 
of a bluish color, so called from glastum, or woad 
(I satis tinctoria), used for dyeing blue, b., hepatic, 
that which is transmitted directly from the liver to 
the duodenum without entering the gall-bladder. 
b.-pigments, the coloring-matters of the bile. For 
tests see Barral, Capranica, Cunisset, Dragendorff, 
Dumontpallier, Fleischl, Gluzinski, Gmelin, Huppert, 
Jolles, Marechal, Le Nobel, Rosenbach, Smith, 
Stokvis, Trousseau, Ultzmann, Vitalli. 

Bilharzia (bil-har'-ze-ah) [Theodor Bilharz, Ger- 
man physician, 1825-1862]. A genus of trematode 
worms, established by Cobbold, characterized by 
having the sexes separate. B. haematobia. See 
distoma haematobium. 

bilharziasis, bilharziosis {bil-har-zi'-as-is, bil-har- 
ze-o'-sis) [Bilharzia]. The group of symptoms 
produced by the presence in the intestine of worms 
of the genus Bilharzia. 

bili- (bil'-e). A prefix denoting relating to the bile. 

biliary (bil'-e-a-re) [bile]. Pertaining to the bile; 
conveying the bile. b. acids, glycocholic and tauro- 
cholic acids, b. calculus, a gall-stone, b. colic, 
colic produced by the passage of gall-stones, b., 
diabetes, Hanot's disease, or hypertrophic cirrhosis 
of the liver with icterus, b. ducts, the hepatic 
and cystic ducts and the ductus communis choledo- 
chus, together with the small ducts in the liver itself. 

biliation (bil-e-a'-shun) [bile]. The secretion or 
excretion of bile. 

bilicyanin (bil-e-si'-an-in) [bili-; Kvaveos, blue]. 
A blue pigment obtained from biliverdin. Syn., 
cholecyanin; choleverdin. 

bilification (bil-if-ik-a'-shun) [bili-; facere, to 
make]. The formation of bile. 

biliflavin (bil-e-fia'-vin) [bili-; flavus, yellow]. A 
yellow coloring-matter derivable from biliverdin. 

bilifulvin (bil-e-ful'-vin) [bili-; fulvus, reddish 
yellow]. An impure form of bilirubin; also a yellow 
bile color from ox-gall, not normally present in 
human bile. 

bilifuscin (bil-e-fus'-iti) [bili-; fuscus, brown], 
C16H20N2O4. A pigment occurring in bile and in 
gall-stones. 

biligulate, biligulatus (bi-lig'-u-lat, bi-lig-u-la'-tus) 
[bi-; ligula, a little tongue]. Formed like two tongues 
or having two tongue-like processes. 

bUihumin (bil-e-hu' -min) [bili-; humus, earth]. 
An insoluble residue left after treating gall-stones 
with various solvents. 

bilin (bi'-lin) [bile]. A mixture of sodium tauro- 
cholate and glycocholate, forming a constituent of 
the bile. 

bilineurin (bil-e-nii'-rin). Cholin. 

bilious (bil'-yus) [biliosus, full of bile]. 1. Per- 
taining to bile. 2. A term popularly applied to dis- 
orders supposed to arise from a too free secretion of 
bile. b. fever, a remittent fever characterized by 
the vomiting of bile. 



biliousness (bil'-yus-nes) [bilious]. A popular 
name for a condition characterized by anorexia, 
constipation, coated tongue, lassitude, and head- 
ache, and supposed to be due to disorders in the 
secretion and flow of bile. 

biliphein (bil-e-fe'-in) [bills, bile; <j>alos, gray]. A 
supposed bile-color, now regarded as an impure 
bilirubin; called also cholophein. 

biliprasin (bil-e-pra'-svi) [bili-; irpaaivos, leek- 
green], C16H22N2O6. A pigment occurring in gall- 
stones, icteric urine, and bile. 

bilipurpin, or pilipurpurin (bil-e-per'-pin, bil-e-per'- 
pii-rin) [bills, bile; purpura, purple]. A purple 
coloring-matter derivable from biliverdin. 

bUipyrrhin (bil-e-pir'-in). See cholepyrrhin. 

bilirubin {bil-e-roo' -bin) [bili-; ruber, red], C16H20- 
N2O3. A red coloring-matter, the chief pigment of 
the bile, and also found in the urine in jaundice. 
It is insoluble in water, and almost so in ether and 
alcohol, but it is readily soluble in alkaline solutions. 
It crystallizes in rhombic plates or prisms. 

bilirubinemia {bil-e-roo-bin-e'-me-ah) [bilirubin; 
alfia, blood], The presence of bilirubin in the blood. 

bilirubinuria {bil-e-roo-bln-u' -re-ah) [bilirubin; 
urine]. Presence of bilirubin in the urine. 

bilis (bi'-lis). Bile, gall. b. bubula, ox-gall. 

biliverdin {bil-e-ver'-din) [bili-; viridis, green], 
C12H20N2O5, or C8N9NO2. A green pigment, the 
first product of the oxidation of bilirubin. It gives 
the characteristic color to the bile of herbivora, and 
occurs in the urine in jaundice and in gall-stones. 

bilixanthin {bil-e-zan' -thin) . See choletelin. 

Billroth's anesthetic (bil'-rot) [Christian Albert 
Theodor Billroth, Austrian surgeon, 1829-1894]. 
A mixture containing chloroform 3 parts, and alco- 
hol and ether, each 1 part. B.'s disease. 1. Spurious 
meningocele. 2. Malignant lymphoma. B.'s mix- 
ture, see B.'s anesthetic. B.'s operation, pylorec- 
tomy: a parietal incision is made in almost a trans- 
verse direction; the divided walls of the stomach 
and bowel are brought together and united by 
sutures on the side of the greater curvature of the 
stomach. B.'s suture, the button hole stitch. 

bilobate (bi-lo'-bat) [bi-; Xo/S6s, a lobe]. With two 
lobes; divided into two lobes. 

bilobular (bi-lob'-u-lar) [bi, two; lobulus, lobule]. 
Having two lobules. 

bilocular (bi-lok'-u-lar) [bi-; loculus, a little place]. 
Having two cells; divided into two compartments; 
biloculate. 

bimaculate (bl-mak' -u-lat) [bi-; macula, a spot]. 
Marked with two spots. 

bimalar (bi-?na'-lar) . Extending between the 
two malar bones. 

bimalate (bl-mal'-at). In a series of malates, that 
one which contains twice the amount of malic acid 
that the first one of the series does. 

bimanous (bi-ma'-nus) [bi-; manus, a hand]. 
Having two hands. 

bimanual (bi-man'-ii-al) [bi-; manus, a hand]. 
With both hands; two-handed, b. palpation, palpa- 
tion by means of both hands. 

bimastoid (bi-mas'-toid). Relating to the two 
mastoid eminences. 

bimaxillary (bi-maks'-il-a-re). Extending between 
the two maxilla?. 

bimembral {bi-mem'-bral) [bi-; membrum, a mem- 
ber]. With two limbs. 

bimestral (bi-mes'-tral) [bi-; mensis, month]. 
Two months old; continuing two months. 

bimolybdate (bi-mol'-ib-dat). A molybdate con- 
taining twice as much molybdic acid as the corre-' 
sponding normal molybdate. 

bimucous (bl-mii'-kus) [bi-; mucus, mucus]. Re- 
lating to two mucous surfaces. 

bimuscular (bi-mus'-ku-lar) . Having two muscles. 
Syn., dimyarious. 

binary (bi'-nar-e) [binus, a couple]. In chemistry, 
compounded of two elements. In anatomy, separ- 
ating into two branches. 

binaural (bln-aw'-ral) [bi-; auris, ear]. Pertaining 
to or having two ears; used for both ears. b. stetho- 
scope, a stethoscope with two tubes, one for each ear. 

binauricular (bin-aw-rik'-u-lar). See binaural. 

binder {bind'-er) [ME., byndere]. A wide bandage 
about the abdomen, worn by women after labor 
or after celiotomy, to support the abdominal walls. 
b., mammary, a sling or suspensory for the mamma. 

bindweb {bind' -web). The neuroglia. 

Bing's test [Albert Bing, German otologist, 1844- 



BINIODID 



142 



BIOPLASM 



]. Let a vibrating tuning-fork be held on the 
vertex until it has ceased to be audible; then close 
either ear, and the fork will be heard again for a 
certain period. If this period of secondary per- 
ception is shortened, there exists a lesion of the 
sound-conducting apparatus; if normal and yet deaf- 
ness is present, the perceptive apparatus is involved. 

biniodid. See biniodide. 

biniodide (bin-i'-o-did). i. Having two atoms of 
iodine in the molecule. 2. A binary salt having 
twice as many atoms of iodine as it has of the other 
element. 

binocular (bin-ok' -u-lar) [bi-; oculus, an eye]. 
Pertaining to both eyes. In optics, an instrument 
with two eyepieces for use with both eyes at once. 
b. vision, the faculty of using both eyes synchronously 
and without diplopia. 

binotic. (bin-o'-tik). See binaural. 

binovular (bin-ov' '-u-lar) [bi-; ovum, an egg]. 
Pertaining to or derived from two ova. 

binoxide {bin-oks' -id) . See dioxide. 

binuclear (bi-nu'-kle-ar) [bi-; nucleus, a kernel]. 
Having two nuclei. 

binucleate (bi-nu'-kle-at). Having two nuclei. 

binucleolate (bi-nu-kle'-o-lat) [bi-; nucleolus, a lit tie 
kernel]. Having two nucleoli. 

Binz's test for quinine in the urine (bints) [Karl 
Binz, German chemist, 1832- ]. The reagent 
consists of 2 parts of iodine, 1 part of potassium 
iodide, and 40 parts of water; on being added to the 
urine, a precipitate is thrown down if quinine is 
present. 

bio- [/3i'os, life]. A prefix meaning life. 

bio-assay (bi-o-as-sa') [bio-; assay]. Estimation 
of the strength of a drug as compared with a 
standard sample. 

bioblast (bi'-o-blast) [bio-; pXaaros, a germ]. A 
plastidule or formative cell; a corpuscle that has 
not yet become a cell. 

bioblastic (bi-o-blast'-ik). Relating to bioblasts. 
b. theory, Altmann's, according to which leukocyte 
granules are considered as definite biological entities, 
which affect, through oxygen-transmission, both 
reduction and oxygenation, and in this manner 
accomplish the disunions and the syntheses of the 
economy without sacrificing their own individuality. 
Cf. color-analysis. 

biochemics (bi-o-kem'-iks) [bio-; xnneia, chemistry]. 
The chemistry of life. See biochemy. 

biochemistry (bi-o-kem'-is-tre) [see biochemics]. 
The chemistry of the living tissues or of life; physi- 
ological chemistry. 

biochemy (bi'-o-kem-e) [see biochemics]. Chemical 
force as exhibited in living organisms. 

biocitin (bi-o-si'-tin). A preparation containing 
casein, milk sugar and lecithin. 

bioculate, bioculatus (bi-ok'-u-lat, bi-ok-u-la'-tus) 
[see binocular]. Marked by two spots of color 
different from the chief color. 

biod (bi'-od) [filos, life]. 1. Animal magnetism. 
2. See protyl. 3. Vital force. 

biodesmus (bi-od-ez'-mus) [bio-; Secrnos, a bond]. 
The vital principle regarded as a bond between 
organisms. 

biodynamics (bi-o-di-nam' -iks) [bio-; bvvanis, 
power]. The dynamics of life; dynamic biology. 
See bionomy. 

biogen (bi'-o-jen) [bio-; yevvav, to produce]. 
1. See protyl. 2. See bioplasm. 3. See magnesium ' 
dioxide. 

biogenesis (bi-o-jen'-es-is) [bio-; ykveavs, origin]. 
The doctrine that living things are produced only 
from living things — the reverse of abiogenesis. 

biogenetic (bi-o-jen-et'-ik) [see biogenesis]. Per- 
taining to biogenesis, b. law, the fact that a certain 
tendency directs the drift or trend of development 
of a being along a line parallel with that of the series 
of forms ancestral to it. The being in the course of 
its development briefly recapitulates that of the an- 
cestral series to which it belongs. Syn., Mueller's law. 

biogeny (bi-oj'-en-e) [see biogenesis]. In biology, 
the evolution of organic forms, either considered 
individually (ontogeny) or tribally (phytogeny). 

biognosis (bi-og-no' -sis) [bio-; yvwais, knowledge]. 
The study of life and its phenomena; biology. 

biograph (bi'-o-graf) [bio-; ypa^etv, to write]. 
An apparatus for securing photographs of animals 
in motion. Syn., kinematograph. 

biokinetics (bi-o-kin-et'-iks) [bio-; Kivrjais, motion]. 
The kinetics of life; the science of the movements of 



living organisms, particularly those that are neces- 
sary parts of the process of development. See 
karyokinesis. 

biologic, biological (bi-o-loj'-ik, -al) [see biology]. 
Pertaining or belonging to biology. 

biologist (bi-oV -o-jist) [see biology]. One who is a 
student of biology. 

biologos (bi-ol'-o-gos) [see biology]. A designation 
proposed for the intelligent living power displayed 
in cellular and organic action and reaction. 

biology (bi-ol'-o-je) [bio-; \6yos, science]. The 
science of life and living things; it embraces the struc- 
ture, function, and organization of living forms. 
Syn., organology; organomy; '• somiology; zoonomy. 
b., dynamic. See bionomy. b., static. See bio- 
statics. 

biolysis (bi-ol'-is-is) [bio-; [Xi>e»>, to loosen]. The 
destruction of life. The devitalization of living 
tissue by the action of living organisms. 

biolytic (bi-o-lit'-ik) [bio-; Xtew, to loosen]. De- 
structive to life; relating to biolysis. 

biomagnetism (bi-o-mag'-net-izm) [bio-; magnetism]. 
Animal magnetism. 

biometer (bi-om'-et-er) [bio-; fierpov, a measure]. 
1. A table of life expectancy, etc., upon which the 
science of life-insurance is based. 2. An instrument, 
of the nature of a tuning-fork, invented by Dr. 
Collongues for the reproduction and increase of sounds 
of the body ordinarily perceived by auscultation. 

biometrics (bi-o-met'-riks) [see biometer]. The 
science of the body-sounds perceived by auscultation. 

biometry (bi-om'-et-re) [see biometer]. Life- 
measurement; the estimation of the probable dura- 
tion of any given life-form — in the past or future. 

bion (bi'-on) [/3tos, life]. A definite physiological 
individual element or organism. Cf. morphon. 

Biondi's fluid. A staining medium used in histo- 
logic laboratories. It is a mixture of orange-G, 
methyl-green, and acid-fuchsin. 

bionergy (bi-on'-er-je) [bio-; epyov, work]. Life- 
force; force exercised in the living organism. 

bionomics (bi-o-nom'-iks) [bio-; vbnos, law]. 
That branch of natural history which treats of the 
relations of organisms among themselves and to 
their environment. 

bionomy (bi-on'-o-me) [see bionomics]. Dynamic 
biology; biodynamics; the science of the laws and 
functions of life. 

bionosis (bi-o-no'-sis) [bio-; vbaos, disease]. A 
disease caused by a living agent, such as a bacterial 
disease. 

biontic (bi-on'-tik) [bios]. Individual as opposed 
to phyletic. 

bionuclein (bi-o-nu'-kle-in) [bio-; nuclein]. A 
term suggested by Sacharoff (1902) for the hypo- 
thetical substance composed of a combination of iron 
and nuclein which exists in all enzymes, holding that 
all vital processes depend upon decomposition of 
living substance set up by them. 

biophagism, biophagy (bi-off'-aj-ism, -e) [bio-; 
(j>o.yetv, to eat]. The capacity of absorbing living 
matter. 

biophagous (bi-of-ag-us) [bio-; <f>ayelv, to eat], 
Feeding upon living organisms or upon living tissue 
as insectivorous plants. 

biophilia (bi-o-fil'-e-ah) [bio-; <pi\elv, to love].. 
The instinct for self-preservation. 

biophore (bi'-o-for) [bio-; <j>kpeiv, to bear]. One of 
Weismann's hypothetical "bearers of vitality," corre- 
sponding to the "plasomes" of Wiesner and Brucke 
and to the "pangenes" of de Vries, the smallest 
units that exhibit the primary vital forces, the bearers 
of the cell-qualities. 

biophthorous (bi-off'-thor-us) [bio-; <j>B6pa, destruc- 
tion]. Ruinous to life. 

biophysiography (bi-o-fiz-e-og'-ra-fe) [bio-; <j>i)<ns, 
nature; ypa<t>eiv, to write]. Descriptive or structural 
biology; organography, as distinguished from bio- 
physiology. 

biophysiology (bi-o-ftz-e-ol'-o-je) [bio-; <t>v<ns, na- 
ture; Xo-yos, science]. The branch of biology including 
organogenesis, morphology, and physiology. 

Biophytum (bi-of'-it-um) [bio-; <pvrov, plant]. A 
genus of plants of the order Geraniacece. B. sensi- 
tivum is a native of the East Indies, where the root 
is used in inflammations, in gonorrhea, and in 
pulmonary affections. 

bioplasm (bi'-o-plazm) [bio-; ir\a.aixa, form]. Any 
living matter, but especially germinal or forming 
matter; matter possessing reproductive vitality. 



BIOPLASMIC 



143 



BISEXUAL 



bioplasmic (bi-o-plaz'-mik) [bio-; ir\a.ap.a, form]. 
Relating to or of the nature of bioplasm. 

bioplasmin (bi-o-plaz'-min). A hypothetical sub- 
stance supposed to exist in all living cells and be- 
lieved to be essential to their life and functional 
activity. 

bioplasson (bi-o-plas'-on) [bio-; ir'Ka.o-o-uiv, forming]. 
Elsberg's term for living matter. A synonym of 
protoplasm or bioplasm. 

bioplast (bi'-o-plast) [bioplasm], A mass or cell of 
bioplasm that is a unit of living matter. 

bioplastic (bi-o-plas'-tik) [bio-; 7rXa<rr6s, formed]. 
Relating to or of the nature of a bioplast or of bio- 
plasm. 

biopsia, biopsy (bi-op'-se-ah, bi'-op-se) [bio-; 6\J/is, 
vision], i. Observation of the living subject; opposed 
to necropsy. 2. A name coined by Besnier for the 
excision, during life, of an eruptive lesion or fragment 
of a newgrowth to establish the diagnosis by means 
of an examination of the excised piece. 

biopsic (bi-op'-sik) [bio-; o^is, vision]. Pertaining 
to biopsy. 

biopsychic, biopsychical (bi-o-si'-kik, -al). Per- 
taining to psychic phenomena regarded from the 
biological point of view. 

biorbital (bi-or'-bit-al) [bi-; orbita, a circle]. Re- 
lating to both orbits. 

bios (bi'-os) [fiios, life]. Life. 

bioscope (bi'-o-skop) [bio-; o-Koirelv, to view]. An 
instrument used in bioscopy. 

bioscopy (bi-os'-ko-pe) [see bioscope]. Examination 
of the body to ascertain whether life is present. 
b., electro-, examination by the aid of the electric 
current. In about two hours after death the mus- 
cular reaction is lost to faradic stimulation in the 
tongue; after three or four hours in the extremities; 
after five or six hours in the trunk. The reaction to 
galvanism persists somewhat longer. 

biose (bi'-os). A disaccharide. 

biosis (bi-o'-sis) [filos, life]. Life; vitality. 

biostatics (bi-o-stat'-iks) [bio-; arartKos, causing to 
stand]. 1. Static biology; the science of the deter- 
minate parts of biology, including anatomy and the 
physics of the living body. 2. Vital statistics. 

Biot's respiration (be'-o) [Camille Biot, French 
physician]. Meningitic respiration: rapid, short 
breathing, interrupted by pauses lasting from several 
seconds to half a minute, sometimes observed in 
healthy subjects during sleep; most frequently in 
meningitis, in which it is an unfavorable prognostic 
sign. 

biotaxis, biotaxy (bi-o-taks'-is, bi'-o-taks-e) [bio-; 
raiis, arrangement]. 1. The selective and arranging 
function or activity of life, or of living cells. 2. Sys- 
tematic biology; the classification of living organisms. 

biothalmy (bi'-o-thal-me) [bio-; daXXeiv, to be 
vigorous]. The art of living long and well. 

biotic (bi-ot'-ik) [see biotics]. Pertaining to life 
or to the laws of animal and vegetable progress and 
evolution; physiological. 

biotics (bi-ot'-iks) [0«m/c6s, vital]. The science 
of vital functions and manifestations. 

biotomy (bi-of -o-me) [bio-; Tky.vt.iv, to cut]. 
Vivisection. _ 

bipalatinoid (bi-pal-at'-in-oid). A gelatin capsule 
with two compartments. 

biparasitic (bi-par-as-it'-ik) [bi-; Trap6.ai.Tos, a 
parasite]. Parasitic upon a parasite. 

biparietal (bi-par-i' -et-al) [bi-; paries, a wall]. 
Relating to both parietal bones, b. diameter, the 
distance from one parietal eminence of the cranium 
to the other. 

biparous (bip'-ar-us) [bi-; parere, to bring forth]. 
Producing two at a birth. 

bipartite (bi-par'-til) [bi-; pars, a part]. In biology, 
composed of two parts or divisions. 

bipartition (bi-par-tisk'-un) [see bipartite]. Separa- 
tion into two parts. 

biped (bi'-ped) [bi-; pes, a foot]. 1. Having two 
feet. 2. An animal with two feet. 

biperf orate (bi-per'-fo-rat) [bi, two; perforalus, 
bored through]. Having two perforations; as a 
biperforate hymen. 

biplumbic (bi-plum'-bik) [bi-; plumbum, lead]. 
Containing two atoms of lead. 

bipocillated (bi-pos'-il-a-ted) [bi-; pocillum, a 
little cup]. Having two cup-like appendages. 

bipolar (bi-po'-lar) [bi-; polus, a pole]. Having 
two poles or extremities, b. nerve-cells, nerve-cells 
that have two prolongations of the cell-matter. 



bipolarity (bi-po-lar'-il-e) [see bipolar]. The con- 
dition of having two processes from opposite poles, 
as a nerve-cell; or of having different electric proper- 
ties existing at the two poles. 

bipotassic (bi-po-tas'-ik). Having two atoms of 
potassium. 

bipubiotomy (bi-pu-be-ot'-o-me) [bi, double; pubes, 
pubes; Teyveiv, to cut]. Double pubiotomy; an 
obsolete operation in which the pubic bones were 
both divided. See ischiopubiotomy. 

bipunctate (bi-punk'-tat) [bi-; punctum, a point]. 
Having two dots or points. 

bipupillate (bi-pu'-pil-at) [bi-; pupilla, pupil of 
the eye]. Marked with spots which contain two 
pupil-like dots 

biramose, biramous (bi-ram'-oz, -us) [bi-; ramus, 
a branch]. Having two branches. 

birch (berch) [AS., birce]. Any tree of the genus 
Betula. Birch-tar, or the tarry oil of Betula alba, 
is useful in certain skin diseases. The bark of B. 
lenta, the American black birch, yields a fragrant 
volatile oil, identical with that of Gaultheria pro- 
cumbens, for which it is extensively substituted. 
b. camphor. Same as b.-resin. b.-resin. See betulin. 

Bird's formula. The last two figures of the specific 
gravity of the urine roughly indicate the number of 
grains of solids to the ounce of urine. The same two 
figures multiplied by 2 (Trapp's factor) give the parts 
per 1000. B.'s sign, a well-defined zone of dulness 
with absence of the respiratory sound in hydatid cyst 
of the lung. 

bird-lime. A viscous vegetable substance used 
in Japan as a local dressing for wounds. 

bird's nest bodies, or cells. The cells of certain 
forms of carcinoma, distinguished by the concentric 
arrangement of their cell-walls. See also cancer 
nests, b., edible, the nest of certain species of swift, 
used by the Chinese as food. It consists of marine 
algae, Gelidium, cemented by the salivary mucus of 
the bird. b. sternum, a deformity of the sternum 
found in lateral curvature of the spine. 

birefractive, birefringent (bi-re-frak'-tiv, bi-re-frin'- 
jent) [bis, twice; refringere, to break back]. Doubly 
refractive; anisotropic. 

birhinia (bi-rin'-e-ah) [bi, two; pis, the nose]. 
A congenital defect in which there is the formation 
of two noses. 

birimose (bi-ri'-mos) [bis, twice; rima, cleft]. 
Having two clefts or slits. 

Birkett's hernia [John Birkett, English surgeon]. 
Intraperitoneal inguinal hernia; hernia into the 
vaginal process of the peritoneum. 

birth (berth) [ME., byrth]. 1. The delivery of a 
child; parturition. 2. That which is brought forth 
in parturition, b., cross. See transverse presenta- 
tion, b.-mark. See ncevus pigmentosus. b.-palsy, 
any paralytic affection due to an injury received at 
birth; less correctly, a congenital paralytic affection 
due to a lesion that existed in the fetal state, b., 
partial, the incomplete expulsion of a child in labor; 
of legal value in lawsuits for property, b., plural, 
the birth of more than a single child, b., posthu- 
mous, the birth of a child after the death of its 
father, b., precocious, the occurrence of natural 
labor after a shorter pregnancy than is usual, b., 
premature. See labor, b.-rate, the proportion of 
births per thousand, b.-root. See beth root, b.- 
wort, the plant Arislolochia climatitis (see Aristo- 
lochia), so called from its former employment as a 
depurant after childbirth, b., still. See still-born. 
b., virgin-. See parthenogenesis. 

bisacromial (bis-ak-ro'-me-al) [bis, two; acromion]. 
Relating to the two acromial processes. 

bisalt (bi'-salt). See salt, acid. 

bisaxillary (bis-ak'-sil-a-re) [bis; axilla]. Pertain- 
ing to both axillae. 

bische (bish) [East Indian name]. Endemic 
dysentery. 

Bischoff's operation (bish'-of) [Johann Jacob 
Bischoff, German gynecologist, 1841- ]. Ab- 
dominal section with extirpation of the gravid uterus 

Bischoff's test for biliary acids (bish'-of) [Carl 
Adam Bischoff, German chemist, 1855- ]• A red. 
coloration results upon heating biliary acids with 
dilute sulphuric acid and cane sugar. 

bisection (bi-sek'-shun) [bi, two; sectio, a cutting]. 
Division into two parts; in obstetrics, embryotomy. 

bisexual (bi-seks'-u-al) [bi-; sexus, sex]. Having 
the reproductive organs of both sexes; hermaphro- 
ditic. 



BISFERIOUS 



144 



BISMUTHYL 



bisferious (Jbis-fer'-e-us) [bis; ferire, to strike]. 
Having two beats; dicrotic. 

bishoping (bish'-op-ing). In farriery, filing a space 
between the teeth of a horse. 

bisiliac (bis-il'-e-ak) [bis; iliacus]. Relating to 
the two most distant points of the two iliac crests. 

bisiscbiadic, bisicbiatic (bis-is-ke-ad'-ik, bis-is-ke- 
at'-ik) [bis, two; iaxi-aSiKos, relating to the hip]. 
Relating to both ischia, or to corresponding points 
on the two ischia. 

Biskra boil, B. button (bisk' -rah) [Biskra, a town 
in Algeria]. See furunculus orientalis. 

bismal (biz'-mal). Trade name for the bismuth 
salt of methylene digallic acid; used as intestinal 
antiseptic and astringent. 

Bismarck-brown. A brown, basic aniline dye, 
extensively used as a stain and counterstain in 
histology; also called vesuvine. 

bismon (biz'-mon). Colloidal bismuth oxide, con- 
taining 20 per cent, of bismuth, and used like the 
subnitrate. 

bismutal, bismuthol (biz'-mu-tal, -thol). Bismuth 
and sodium phosphosalicylate. 

bismutan (biz'-mu-tan). A yellow, insoluble 
powder, said to be a mixture of bismuth, resorcin, 
and tannin; used in the diarrhea of children. 

bismuth, bismuthum (biz'-muth, biz-mu' -thum) 
[L.]. Bi=2o8; quantivalence I, III, V. A pinkish- 
white, crystalline metal. Its commercial salts often 
contain arsenic. The insoluble salts of bismuth 
are feebly astringent. The derivatives of bismuth 
are chiefly employed as astringents and sedatives to 
mucous membranes and as gastrointestinal antisep- 
tics. The soluble salts are irritant in large doses. 
b. albuminate, a powder containing 9 % of bismuth; 
it is used in stomachic or intestinal cramp. Dose 
5-15 gr. (0.32-0.97 Gm.) 3 or 4 times daily, b. and 
ammonium citrate (bismuthi et ammonii citras, U. S. 
P.), soluble in water. Dose 1-5 gr. (0.065-0.32 
Gm.). b. and ammonium citrate, solution of (liquor 
bismuthi et ammonia citratis, B. P.). Dose f-i dr. 
(2-4 Cc). b. benzoate, BUGrHsOxh, a white powder 
containing 27 % of benzoic acid. It is an internal 
and external antiseptic. Dose 5-15 gr. (0.32-0.97 
Gm.). b. betanaphtholate, 2Bi (CioH70)3+Bi 2 3 
a light brown, odorless, insoluble powder, containing 
80 % bismuth trioxide. It is an intestinal antiseptic. 
Dose 15-30 gr. (0.97-1.94 Gm.). Syn., betanaph- 
tholate; naphthol bismuth; orphol. b. bilactomo- 
notannate, an odorless yellow powder, used in the 
diarrhea of infants. Dose 30-45 gr. (2-3 Gm.). 
Syn., lactanin. b. borate, BiB03, an intestinal 
antiseptic. Dose 5-40 gr. (0.32-2.6 Gm.). b. boro- 
phenate, Bi20 3 B(C6H 5 )(C03) +3H2O. It is recom- 
mended as a surgical dressing used as a dusting- 
powder, or in burns or scalds applied as a paste 
(25 to 50 % in glycerol) on lint. Syn., markasol. 
b. carbolate, BUOH^CeEUO, a grayish-white powder 
containing 80 % of bismuth oxide and 18 to 19 % 
of phenol. It is an intestinal antiseptic and is used 
externally as a substitute for iodoform. Dose 5-1 5 
gr. (0.32-0.97 Gm.). Syn., bismuth phenate; bismuth 
phenylate; phenol bismuth, b. carbonate (bismuthi 
carbonas, B. P.), (BizChCOsk H2O. Dose 5-20 gr. 
(0.32-1.3 Gm.). b. and cerium salicylate, an anti- 
rheumatic and intestinal antiseptic. Dose 5-15 gr. 
(0.32-0.97 Gm.). b. chrysophanate, Bi(CisH904)2- 
Bi203, a yellow, amorphous powder, insoluble in 
ordinary solvents, but soluble in nitric or sulphuric 
acid; it is used as a siccative in psoriasis. Appli- 
cation, 5 to 20 % ointment. Syn., dermol. b. 
citrate (bismuthi citras, U. S. P.), BiCoHeCb, soluble 
in water of ammonia. Dose 2-5 gr. (0.13-0.32 Gm.). 
b. cresolate, an odorless, tasteless, grayish-white 
powder, insoluble in water and alcohol; it is an 
internal and external antiseptic, b. dithiosalicylate, 
a bulky yellow powder without odor, used as a wound 
antiseptic and in ophthalmic practice, in diseases 
of the nose and throat, and in dentistry. Syn., 
thioform. b. iodosubgallate, C6H 2 (OH)4COOBiI, an 
antiseptic used as a dusting-powder on wounds. 
Syn., airol; bismuth oxyiodogallate. b. lactate, 
BiH(C3H.i03)2, an internal and external antiseptic. 
Dose 5-15 gr. (0.32-0.97 Gm.). b. loretinate, a 
combination of bismuth and loretin, used as a 
surgical and intestinal antiseptic and also in ophthal- 
mology. Dose i\ gr. (0.5 Gm.). b., magistery of, 
same as b. subnitrate. b. metacresol, an intestinal 
antiseptic consisting of a combination of 75 % of 
bismuth with 17.5 % of metacresol. b. methylene- 



digallate, 4CisHi20io+3Bi(OH)3, an internal astrin- 
gent. Dose 3-5 gr. (0.1-0.3 Gm.) every 3 hours. 
Syn., bismal. b.-naphthalin benzoate, an intestinal 
antiseptic. Dose 8-15 gr. (0.5-1.0 Gm.). Syn., 
intestin. b. naphthoglycerite, a remedy for gonor- 
rhea, b. nitrate, Bi(N03)3+5H20, an astringent 
and antiseptic. Dose 5-10 gr. (0.32-0.65 Gm.). 
b. oxide (bismuthi oxidi, B. P.), Bi203. Dose 5-15 
gr. (0.32-1.0 Gm.). b. oxybromide, BiOBr. It is 
recommended in the treatment of nervous dyspepsia 
and hysteria accompanied by gastric pains and 
vomiting. Dose 5-6 gr. (0.3-0.4 Gm.) several times 
daily, b. oxychloride, pearl white. It is used as a 
cosmetic, b. oxyiodide. See b. subiodide. b. oxyi- 
odomethylgallol, C 6 H 2 COOCH3(OH)20 . BiOH . I, a 
dark-gray powder containing 23.6 % of iodine and 
38.4 % of bismuth, used as a surgical antiseptic. 
Syn., iodogallicin. b. oxyiodopyrogallate, b. oxyiodo- 
pyrogallol, a combination of bismuth subiodide with 
pyrogallol. It is recommended as a surgical anti- 
septic, b. oxyiodotannate, a wound antiseptic. 
Syn., ibit. b., pancreatinized, used in dyspepsia. 
Dose 15-75 gr. (1-5 Gm.). b. peptonate, b., pep- 
tonized, used in dyspepsia and gastralgia. Dose 
15-75 gr. (1-5 Gm.). Syn., bismuthated peptone. 
b. permanganate, Bi(MnC>4)3, a dry dusting-powder 
for wounds and ulcers, b. phenate, b. phenylate. 
See b. carbolate. b., phenol-, a compound of bis- 
muth, 27.5 %, with phenol, 22 %; it is used as an 
intestinal antiseptic, b. phosphate, BiP04, an 
intestinal disinfectant. Dose 3-8 gr. (0.2-0.5 Gm.). 
b. powder, compound, Ferrier's snuff, contains 2 
grains of morphine hydrochloride in 1 ounce, with 
bismuth and acacia. It is used in the treatment of 
coryza. b. pyrogallate, (CeHstOH^O^BiOH, an 
internal antiseptic in doses of 5-15 gr. (0.32-0.97 
Gm.). Applied in skin diseases in 10 to 20 % oint- 
ment or dusting-powder. Syn., helcosol. b. resor- 
cinate, a yellowish-brown powder containing about 
4 % of bismuth trioxide. It is used in catarrh of 
the stomach, b. salicylate, (C7H603)3Bi203, a salt 
obtained by Thibault from bismuth oxide, instead 
of the hydroxide, as is customary. It is used as an 
external and internal antiseptic. Dose 5-15 gr. 
(0.32-0.97 Gm.). b. subbenzoate, basic benzoate 
of bismuth; used as a wound antiseptic, b. sub- 
carbonate (bismuthi subcarbonas, U. S. P.), (BiO)2- 
CO3 . H2O, insoluble. Dose 10 gr.-i dr. (0.65-4-0 
Cc); feebly astringent and sedative, b. subgallate 
(bismuthi subgallas, U. S. P.). See dermatol. b. 
subiodide, BiOI, used as an antiseptic dusting-pow- 
der, like iodoform, b. subnitrate (bismuthi subnitras, 
U. S. P.), BiON03 . H2O, the salt chiefly used in 
medicine as a sedative astringent to the gastro- 
intestinal mucous membrane. Dose 10 gr.-i dr. 
(0.65-4.0 Cc). b. subsalicylate (bismuthi sub- 
salicylas, U. S. P.), a white, amorphous powder. 
Dose 4 gr. (0.25 Gm.). b. sulphite, a combination 
of sodium sulphite and bismuth nitrate. It is an 
intestinal antiseptic. Dose 5-40 gr. (0.32-2.6 Gm.). 
b. sulphophenylate, a general intestinal disinfectant. 
Dose 3§-8 gr. (0.2-0.5 Gm.) 3 or 4 times daily. 
b. tannate, an intestinal antiseptic. Dose 10-30 gr. 
(0.65-1.94 Gm.). b. tribromcarbolate, b. tribrom- 
phenate, Bi203(C6H2Br30H), an insoluble powder 
containing about 60 % of Bi203. It is used as an 
antiseptic in cholera and intestinal disorders. Dose 
8-15 gr. (0.52-0.97 Gm.); maximum dose a day 90 
gr. (5.85 Gm.). Syn., xeroform. b. trioxide, Bi203. 
It is incompatible with alkalies and water in excess. 
It is antiseptic and astringent. Dose 5-40 gr. (0.32- 
2.6 Gm.). Syn., bismuthous oxide, b. troches 
(trochisci bismuthi, B. P.), each contains 2 gr. (0.13 
Gm.). b. valerate, a white powder with the odor 
of valeric acid, soluble in dilute hydrochloric or 
nitric acid, insoluble in water or alcohol; it is used 
as a sedative and antispasmodic in neuralgia, chorea, 
epilepsy, etc Dose 1-3 gr. (0.065-0.194 Gm.). 

bismuthal (biz'-mu-thal). Containing bismuth. 

bismuthate (biz'-mu-that). A salt of bismuthic 
acid. 

bismuthic (biz'-mu-thik). Relating to bismuth; 
containing bismuth in its higher valency. 

bismuthol. See bismutal. 

bismuthosis (biz-mu-tho'-sis). Chronic bismuth- 
poisoning; it may follow the use of the soluble salts. 

bismuthous (biz'-mu-thus). Containing bismuth 
as a trivalent radicle. 

bismuthyl (biz'-mu-thil), BiO. A univalent radical. 
b. bromide. See bismuth oxybromide. b. chloride. 



BISMUTOL 



145 



BLACK 



See bismuth oxychloride. b. iodide. See bismuth 
subiodide. b. nitrate. See bismuth subnitrate. 

bismutol {biz'-mii-toT). A compound of sodium 
salicylate and soluble bismuth phosphate. 

bismutose {biz'-mu-tos). A bismuth and albumin 
compound, equivalent in action to bismuth sub- 
nitrate. Useful in gastrointestinal affections of 
infectious character. For children under six months 
the dose is 15-30 gr. (1-2 Gm.); for those over six 
months it may be given in 60 gr. (1 dr.) doses. 

bisol {bi'-soV). Soluble bismuth phosphate con- 
taining about 20 % of bismuth oxide. It is used in 
gastralgia. Dose 3-72 gr. (0.19-0.5 Gm.). 

bispep {biz' -pep). A proprietary preparation 
containing bismuth, pepsin, ammonium carbonate, 
and aromatics. 

bissa (bis'-ah) [native African]. An affection 
of man and sheep, common in Egypt, and charac- 
terized by the production of edema, b. bol, a kind 
of myrrh, from Balsamodendron Kafal, a tree of E. 
Africa. It is- used largely in adulterating the finer 
grades of myrrh, and is said to stimulate powerfully 
the flow of milk in cows. 

bistellate {bi-steV -at) [bi, two; Stella, a star]. 
Shaped like a double star. 

bistephanic {bi-ste-fan'-ik) [bi, two; are^avLov, 
dim. of ffre<f>avos, a wreath]. Relating to the two 
stephanions. 

bistort {bis' -tort) [bis, twice; tortus, twisted]. 
Snake-weed, adder's wort. The rhizome of Poly- 
gonum bistorta, an astringent. Dose of fiuidextract 
iijj xx-xl. 

bistoury (bis'-too-re) [Ft. bistouri]. A long, slender 
(straight or curved) knife used in surgery, b.-cache, 
one that has the blade concealed for passing to the 
point to be incised, and by pressure on the handle 
the blade is exposed and the incision made. 

bistratal (bi-stra'-tal) [bis; stratum, layer]. Ar- 
ranged in two layers. 

bistriate {bi-stri'-at) [bis; stria, a furrow]. Marked 
with two lines or streaks. 

bisulcate {bi-sul'-kat) [bi, two; sulcus, a furrow]. 
Having two furrows or grooves. 

bisulphate {bi-sul'-fat) [bi-; sulphur]. A sulphate 
in which the base replaces but one of the two hydro- 
gen atoms of the acid. 

bisulphide (bi-sul'-fid) [bi, two; sulphur]. In 
chemistry, a sulphur compound in which there are 
two atoms of sulphur to one atom of the other 
substance of the compound. 

bisulphite {bi-sul'-fit) [bi, two; sulphur]. A sul- 
phite in which the base replaces but one of the 
two hydrogen atoms of the acid. 

bitartrate (bi-tar'-trat) [bi-; raprapov, tartar]. 
Any tartrate in which only one replaceable hydrogen 
atom has been replaced by a base. 

bite (bit) [AS., bitan]. 1. The corrosion of a sub- 
stance with an acid. 2. The more or less perfect 
coaptation of the upper and lower teeth, b., open, 
that in which the upper and lower incisors do not 
close together, b., underhung, that in which the 
upper incisors overreach the lower. 

bitemporal (bi-tem'-por-al) [bi-; tempora, the 
temples]. Pertaining to the two temples. 

bitnoben {bit-no' -ben) [Hind, for "black salt"]. 
An East Indian polychrest remedy composed of salt, 
myrobalan and iron. 

bitonal {bi-to'-nal) [bis, twice; tonus, a tone]. 
Double-toned. 

Bitot's spots {be'-to). Xerosis conjunctiva?. 
Silver-gray, shiny, triangular spots on both sides 
of the cornea, within the region of the palpebral 
aperture, consisting of dried epithelium, flaky masses, 
and microorganisms. Observed in some cases of 
hemeralopia. 

bitrochanteric {bi-tro-kan-ter'-ik) [bi-, two; tro- 
chanter]. Belonging to the two trochanters. 

bitter {bit'-er) [AS., bitan, to bite]. A peculiar, 
acrid, biting taste, of which that of quinin is an 
example; unpalatable, b. almond, the nut of 
Amygdalum amarum. It contains hydrocyanic acid, 
b.-almond oil, oleum amygdala? amars. See benzal- 
dehyde. b. apple, the fruit of the colocynth, a pur- 
gative remedy, b.-blain, a West Indian herb, 
Vandellia diffusa, employed in fevers and in hepatic 
disorders, b. bugleweed, the herb Lycopus europceus, 
alterative and tonic. Dose of fiuidextract §— 1 oz. 
(16-32 Cc). b. cucumber, colocynth. b. cup. See 
cup, bitter, b. purging salt, magnesium sulphate. 
b.-root, the root of Gentiana lulea, a tonic, b. salts, 



magnesium sulphate, b. tincture, the tinctura 
amara (N. F.), prescribed also in the German phar- 
macopoeia; it is a tincture of gentian, centaury, bitter 
orange-peel, orange-berries, and zedoary. Syn., 
stomach-drops, b. water, a water containing mag- 
nesium sulphate, b. wine of iron, a solution of 
white wine, syrup, iron citrate, and quinine. 

bitters {bit'-ers) [see bitter]. 1. Medicines charac- 
terized by a bitter taste. 2. An alcoholic drink, an 
appetizer, b., aromatic, medicines that unite the 
properties of aromatics with those of simple bitters. 
b., simple, medicines that stimulate the gastro- 
intestinal tract without influencing the general 
system, b., styptic, medicines that add styptic 
and astringent properties to those of bitterness. 

bittersweet {bit'-er-swet). See dulcamara. 

bitumen {bit-u'-men) [L.]. Mineral pitch or oil, 
composed of various hydrocarbons. In the solid 
form it is usually called asphalt; in the liquid form, 
petroleum. An intermediate form is known as 
mineral tar or maltha. By distillation, bitumen 
yields benzol, naphtha, paraffin, and various other 
hydrocarbons, liquid and gaseous. 

bituminization {bi-tii-min-iz-a' -shun) . A con- 
version into bitumen. 

biurate {bi-u'-rat). An acid urate; a urate con- 
taining twice as much of the uric-acid constituent 
as an ordinary urate. 

biuret {bi'-u-ret) [bi-; ovpov, urine], C2H5N3O2 
+H2O. A compound formed by exposing urea to a 
high temperature for a long time. It is readily 
soluble in water and in alcohol; it crystallizes with 
one molecule of water in the form of warts and 
needles. When anhydrous, biuret melts at 190 C. 
with decomposition, b. reaction for proteids. See 
Piolrowski's reaction, b. reaction for urea, melt 
urea completely in a dry test-tube and continue 
the heat for some time. When cold, dissolve in 
water, add abundant caustic soda and a dilute 
solution of copper sulphate drop by drop. The 
solution becomes first pink, then reddish-violet, and, 
finally, bluish-violet, according to the amount of 
copper sulphate added 

bivalence {biv'-al-ens) [bi-; valens, having power]. 
In chemistry, a valence or saturating power double 
that of the hydrogen atom. 

bivalent {biv'-al-ent) [see bivalence]. In chemistry 
applied to an element of which an atom can replace 
two atoms of hydrogen or other univalent element, 
or to a radical that has the same valence as such 
an element. 

bivalve {bi'-valv) [bi-; valva, a valve]. Having 
two valves or shells, as a speculum. 

biventer {bi-ven' -ter) [bi-; venter, a belly]. 1. Hav- 
ing two bellies, as a muscle. 2. A digastric muscle. 
b. cervicis, the inner portion of the complexus 
muscle, b. maxillae, the digastric muscle. 

biventral {bi-ven' -tral) [see biventer]. Having two 
stomachs; having two bellies, as the digastric muscle. 

bivittate {bi-vit'-at) [bi-; vitta, a fillet]. Marked 
by two longitudinal stripes. 

bivo {be'-vo). Trade name of a beef and iron 
wine. 

Bixa {biks'-ah) [biche, Brazilian name]. A genus 
of plants of the order Bixacea. B. orellana is the 
annotto-tree, a native of South America and now 
dispersed throughout the tropics, furnishing from 
the pulp surrounding the seeds the annotto of com- 
merce. The pulp is used as a remedy for dysentery 
and the seeds are said to be astringent and antipy- 
retic. 

bixin {biks'-in) [bixa], C16H26O2. An orange-red 
coloring-matter found in annotto. 

bizincic {bi-zink' -ik) . Containing two atoms of 
zinc. 

bizygomatic {bi-zi-go-mat'-ik). Relating to both 
zygomas, or to the most prominent points on the 
two zygomatic arches. 

Bizzozero's blood-platelets {bit-sot'-ser-o) [Giulio 
Bizzozero, Italian physician, 1846-1901]. Small, 
round or elliptical, nonnucleated bodies found in the 
blood of mammals, including man. B.'s corpuscles. 
See Neumann's corpuscles. B.'s crystals. See 
Charcot's crystals. 

black {blak) [AS., blcec]. Characterized by an 
absence of color. The appearance of an object 
from the surface of which none of the spectrum 
colors is reflected, b. alder. See Prinos. b. anti- 
mony, antimony tersulphide, Sb2S3. b. ash. 1. The 
bark of Fraxinus sambucifolia, a mild tonic and 



BLACKBAIN 



146 



BLASTODERM 



astringent. Dose of fluidextract §-i dr. (2-4 Cc). 
2. Impure sodium carbonate Na2CC>3 mixed with 
carbon, b. blood, venous blood, b. cancer. See 
melanosis, b. cohosh. See cimicifuga. b.-damp, 
carbon dioxide gas, which is found in greater or less 
quantity in all collieries, being given off by many 
coals, either mixed with fire-damp or separately, or 
produced in various other ways, as by the exhalations 
of the miners, by fires, and by explosions of fire- 
damp. Syn., choke-damp. b. death. See plague. 
b. disease, a disease of malarial origin and pernicious 
course, characterized by extreme darkening of the 
skin, which may be brown or black in color. It 
occurs in the Garo Hills in Assam, b. draught. See 
senna, b.-drop. See opium, b. erysipelas. Syn- 
onym of anthrax, b. eye, livor (or sugillatio) oculi; 
ecchymosis of the tissues about the eye, usually 
from injury, b. haw. See viburnum, b. hellebore. 
See hellebore, b. jaundice, an excessive jaundice 
arising from obstruction of the gall-ducts. The 
color of the skin is greenish-black, b.-lead, a form 
of carbon properly known as the mineral graphite. 
b. measles, rubeola nigra, a grave or malignant form 
of measles, b. pepper. See piper nigrum, b. 
phthisis. A synonym of miner's phthisis, b. sick- 
ness, cerebrospinal fever, b. snakeroot. See cimi- 
cifuga. b. spit. See miner's phthisis, b. tongue. 
1. A name given to a condition characterized by the 
formation, upon the dorsum of the tongue, of a hair- 
like deposit that passes through various stages 
of coloration from yellow to brown and finally black, 
ultimately disappearing by desquamation as gradu- 
ally as it came. Repeated recurrence is the rule. 
It is probably an undue proliferation of the epithe- 
lium, the result of irritation. 2. A term applied to 
erysipelatous glossitis, b. vomit, the coffee-ground 
vomit of yellow fever, etc. b. walnut, the leaves of 
Juglans nigra, a tonic, alterative, and deobstruent. 
Dose of fluidextract 20-30 min. (1.3-2.0 Cc). b.- 
wash, lotio hydrargyri nigra (B. P.). b. willow, the 
buds of Salix nigra, a bitter tonic with aphrodisiac 
properties. Dose of fluidextract 15 min.-i dr. (1-4 
Cc). 

blackbain [OE.]. Synonym of anthrax. 

blackberry (blak'-ber-e). See rubus. b. cordial, 
the cordiale rubi fructus (N. F.). Its formula is: 
blackberry juice, 3 pints; cinnamon, in coarse powder, 
2 troy oz.; cloves and nutmeg, in coarse powder, 
each, i troy oz.; dilute alcohol, 2 pints; syrup, 3 pints. 

blackhead (blak'-hed). See comedo. 

blackleg (blak'-leg). A febrile, generally fatal, 
disease, chiefly affecting cattle and sheep, which is 
characterized by the rapid appearance of irregular 
nodules in the skin and muscular tissues, that are at 
first tense and very painful, but rapidly become 
painless and crepitating. It is caused by Bacillus 
chauvcei, or the bacillus of symptomatic anthrax. 
Syn., symptomatic anthrax. 

blackwater fever. A very fatal infectious disease 
occurring especially on the low coasts of tropical 
Africa, but also in Sicily, Greece, Central and South 
America, Java, New Guinea, and the southern 
portions of the United States. The disease is almost 
exclusively confined to the white race, and is char- 
acterized by a chill, an irregular intermittent or 
remittent fever, vomiting, dyspnea, jaundice, and 
hemoglobinuria. An almost invariable complication 
is nephritis. Studies of the blood have revealed 
the presence of a small, annular, nonpigmented, 
intracellular parasite; also forms having a roset or 
crescent shape. 

bladder (blad'-er) [AS., bloeddre, a blister]. 1. A 
membranous sac serving for the reception of fluids 
or gases. 2. The hollow organ which serves as a 
reservoir for the urine, b., atony of, inability to 
expel the urine, from deficient muscular power. 
b., bilobed, b., bilocular, a sacculated bladder 
having two pouches, b., brain-, a cerebral vesicle. 
b., catarrh of. See cystitis, b., encysted, a urinary 
bladder with communicating cysts connected with 
it. b., exstrophy of, b., extroversion of. See ex- 
strophy of bladder, b., gall-. See gall-bladder, b.- 
germ. See blastula. b., irritable, a condition char- 
acterized by constant desire to urinate, b., multi- 
locular, a sacculated bladder having many pouches. 
b., neck of, the constricted portion continuous with 
the urethra in front, b., nervous, a condition in 
which there is a frequent desire to urinate, with 
inability at the same time to perform the act per- 
fectly, and consequent slight dribbling at its close. 



b., sacculated, a condition due to overextension, in 
which pouches are formed by the forcing out of its 
mucous coat between the hypertrophied muscular 
fibers, and in which urine may be held and become 
decomposed, and in which calculi may be retained, 
b.-stammering, Sir James Paget's name for that 
condition observed in young males who are unable 
to micturate when under observation or surrounded 
by unusual conditions or objects. It is due to spasm 
of the compressor urethrae muscle, b.-stammering, 
false, a condition in which there is some mechanical 
or pathological interference with urination, b., 
sterile, a hydatid cyst without secondary cysts, 
heads, or broad capsules, b., supplementary, a 
diverticulum caused by sacculation of the urinary 
bladder. Syn., parurocystis. b.-worm. See worm- 
bladder-, b. wrack. See Fucus vesiculosus. 

blade (blad) [ME., blad, a leaf of grass]. In 
biology, the broad part of a leaf, b.-bone. The 
scapula or shoulder-blade. 

blain (blan) [ME., blane, a blister]. 1. A blister; 
an elevation of the cuticle containing serum; a 
pustule; a blotch. 2. Synonym of anthrax. 

Blainville's ears (blan-veV) [Henri Marie Ducrotay 
de Blainville, French anthropologist, 1777-1850]. 
Congenital asymmetry of the ears. 

Blancard's pills (blang'-kard) [Stephen Blancard, 
Dutch physician, 1650-1702]. Pills of iron iodide. 

bland (bland) [blandus, mild]. Mild; soothing. 

Blandin's ganglion [Philippe Frederic Blandin 
French surgeon, 1798-1849]. The sublingual gan- 
glion, a small gangliform enlargement lying between 
the lingual nerve and the sublingual gland. B.'s 
gland, a muciparous gland situated near the tip of 
the tongue in the median line and opening by several 
ducts on the lower surface of the tongue. 

Blandin-Nuhn's gland. See Blandin's gland. 

Blasius' (Blaes') duct. See Stenson's duct. 

blast (blast) [AS., blast}. 1. See exotospore. 2. See 
blight (2). 3. Inflammation. 4. A disease of sheep. 

blastema (blas-te'-mah) [/SXAcrrjjMo, from f3\a<rTai>eiv, 
to germinate]. 1. The formative lymph or rudi- 
mentary tissue, from which, by differentiation, 
tissues and organs are developed. A synonym of 
protoplasm. 2. An undifferentiated protoplasmic 
layer in certain eggs or embryos, b., ossific, b., 
ossifying, b., subperiosteal. See osteogenetic layer. 
b. pili, a hair-papilla. 

blastemic (blas-tem'-ik) [ffkaaraveiv, to germinate]. 
Relating to blastema; rudimentary; bioplasmic 

blasticle (blas'Hik-l). The vitelline nucleus. 

blastid (blas'-tid) [pXaaros, a germ]. In embry- 
ology, a very small clear spot on the fecundated ovum 
marking the place of the nucleus or cytoblast. 

blastidium (blas-tid'-e-um) [pXaards, a germ]. 
An endospore or cell of endogenous origin. 

blasto- (blas-to-) [0Xa<rr6s, a germ]. A prefix 
meaning germ or bud. 

blastocardia (blas-to-kar'-de-ah) [blasto-; xapSia, the 
heart]. The germinal spot. 

blastocele, blastoceloma (blas'-to-sel, -o'-ma) 
[blasto; koLXos, hollow]. The central cavity of the 
blastula or vesicular morula. The nucleolus of the 
ovum. 

blastocelis (blas-to-se'-lis) [blasto-; ktjXi's, a spot], 
Wagner's name for the germinal spot. 

blastochyle (blas'-to-kll) [blasto-; xvMk, juice]. 
The colorless fluid in the blastodermic vesicles. 

blastoccelum, blastocceloma (blas-to-se'-lom, blas- 
to-se-lo'-mah). Same as blastocele. 

blastocolysis (blas-to-kol'-is-is) [blasto-; /coXowm, a 
cutting off]. The arrest of a developmental process. 

blastocyst, blastocystinx (blas'-to-sist, blas-to-sist'- 
inks) [blasto-; kv<ttis, a bladder]. The germinal 
vesicle. 

blastocyte (blas'-to-sit) [blasto-; kvtos, a cell]. 
An undifferentiated embryonic cell; a cell which 
is capable of giving rise to daughter cells of varying 
characters. 

blastocytoma (blas-to-si-to'-ma) [blasto-; kvtos, a 
cell; btia., a tumor]. A tumor in which the elements 
are blastocytes, or undifferentiated cells. 

blastoderm (blas'-to-derm) [blasto-; 5kpna, the skin]. 
In embryology, the germinal membrane formed by 
the cells of the morula, lying On the internal surface 
of the vitelline" membrane of the impregnated ovum. 
The whole hollow sphere, with its surrounding cells, 
is called the blastodermic vesicle, and is formed about 
the tenth day. The ectoderm (or epiblast) and the 
endoderm (entoderm or hypoblast) layers are simply 



BLASTODERMIC 



147 



BLENORRHEAL 



due to a proliferation of the blastodermic cells about 
the germinal area, whereby the blastoderm is doubled, 
thus forming these outer and inner layers. The 
mesoblast or middle layer is developed after the 
others, and probably from the hypoblast. Syn., 
blastodermic membrane; germ membrane; germinal 
membrane, b., bilamlnar, the blastoderm when it 
consists only of the ectoderm and the endoderm. 
b., trilaminar, the blastoderm after the formation 
of the mesoblast. 

blastodermic (blas-to-der'-mik) [see blastoderm]. 
Relating to. the blastoderm, b. vesicle, see blasto- 
derm. 

blastodisc (blas'-to-disk) [blasto-; dia-Kos, disc]. 
A blastodermic disc; a mass or disc capping one 
pole of the yolk. 

blastogenesis (blas-to-jen'-es-is) [blasto-; yivecns, 
generation], i. In biology, Weismann's theory of 
origin from germ-plasm, in contradistinction to 
Darwin's theory of pangenesis. 2. Reproduction 
by buds. 

blastogeny (blas-toj'-en-e) [see blastogenesis]. 
Haeckel's term for the germ-history of an individual 
organism; a division of ontogeny. 

blastoma (blas-to' -mah) [blasto-; 6p.a, a tumor]. 
1. A granular growth due to the presence of a germ 
or microorganism. 2. One of a peculiar group of 
true tumors which originate from embryonic cell- 
nests; e. g., chondroma, glioma, etc. Syn., enblastoma. 

blastomere (blas'-to-mer) [blasto-; p-epos, a part]. 
Any one of the nucleated cells or segments into 
which the fecundated vitellus divides. 

blastomyces (blas-to-mi'-sez) [blasto-; p.vni)s, a 
fungus; pi., blastomycetes]. A genus of budding 
fungi usually referred to Torula or Saccharomycetes. 
Single-celled thallophytes, destitute of chlorophyl, 
which reproduce by yeast-like buds or by endo- 
genous cell-formation, b. dermatidis (Gilchrist, 
1894), a yeast-like organism producing a scrofulo- 
derma in man. See dermatitis, blastomycetic. 

blastomycetic (blast-o-mi-se'-tik). Pertaining to 
or caused by budding fungi {blastomycetes). b. 
dermatitis. See under dermatitis. 

blastomycosis (blas-to-mi-ko'-sis). An affection 
due to budding fungi (blastomycetes). Cf. blasto- 
myces; saccharomyces ; torula. 

blastoneuropore (blas-to-nu'-ro-por) [blasto-; veupov, 
a nerve; wopos, a pore]. In biology, the temporary 
aperture in certain embryos formed by the coalescence 
of the blastopore and neuropore. 

blastosphere (blas'-to-sfer) [blasto-; a<f>aipa, a 
sphere]. The blastodermic vesicle or blastula. 

blastophore (blas'-to-for) [blasto-; <pkpeiv, to bear]. 
That part of a sperm-cell that does not become 
converted into spermatozoa. 

blastophyllum (blas-to-fil'-um) [blasto-; <f>v\\ov, a 
leaf]. The endoderm or ectoderm; a primitive germ- 
layer. 

blastophyly (blas-tof -il-e) [blasto-; <pv\r), a tribe]. 
The tribal history of individual organisms. 

blastopore (blas'-to-por) [blasto-; iropos, passage; 
pore]. The small opening leading into the noto- 
chordal canal, or, after the canal has fused with the 
yolk-cavity, leading into the archenteron. It is 
situated at the hind end of the primitive axis and 
is a small portion of the gastrula mouth. 

blastoprolepsis (blast-o-pro-lep'-sis) [/3\cio-t6s, a 
germ; wp6\Tj\pis, an anticipating]. Hastening of 
development. 

blastosphere (blas'-to-sfer) [fiXaaros, a germ; 
<r<paipa, a sphere]. In biology, the "blastula," 
"germinal vesicle," or "vesicular germ." A hollow 
sphere composed of a single, simply layer of germinal 
cells. A vesicular morula. 

blastostroma (blas-to-stro'-mah). See embryonic 
area. 

blastous (blast' -us). Relating to a blastema. 

blastula (blas'-tu-lah) [dim. of /3\a<rr6s, a germ]. 
The blastodermic vesicle; see blastoderm. 

blastulation (blas-tii-la'-shon) [dim. of /9Xcutt6s, a 
germ]. In embryology, the conversion of morula or 
mulberry-germ into a blastula or vesicular germ. 

blastzellen (blast' -tsel-en) [Ger.]. Primitive cells 
from which are developed all other kinds of cells. 
They are seen in the embryo before any beginning of 
differentiation, and are characterized by their 
large size, richness in cytoplasm, and large nuclei. 

Blatin's suture, a modification of Gely's suture 
n which one needle and two threads of different 
colors are used. 



Blatta (blat'-ah) [L., "blood-colored"]. 1. A genus 
of Blattidce. 2. A clot of blood. B. (Periplaneta) 
orientalis, the cockroach; the powdered body is a 
popular remedy for dropsy among the Russian 
peasants. Tinctura blattarum orientalium is used in 
whooping-cough. Dose, 1 or 2 drops in water at 
intervals of 2 hours 

Blaud's pill (blawd) [P. Blaud, French physician, 
1774-1858]. A pill containing equal parts iron 
sulphate and potassium carbonate; for use in anemia, 
etc. 

bleach (blech) [ME., blechen, to make white]. 
To make white or pale. 

bleacher's eczema (blech' -erz ek'-zem-ah). Eczema 
of the hands of bleachers, due to the use of hot water 
and strong lye. 

bleaching fluid. A fluid obtained by passing 
chlorine gas into an emulsion of calcium hydrate. 
Syn., Eau de Javelle; Javelle water, b. powder. 
chlorinated lime, a mixture of calcium chloride 
and calcium hypochlorite, containing free chlorine 
gas. It is used as a disinfectant. 

blear eye (bler'-i). See blepharitis ulcerosa. 

bleb (bleb). See bulla. 

bleeders (ble'-derz) [AS., bledan, to bleed]. 1. A 
popular term for those who are subjects of the 
hemorrhagic diathesis. Syn., hemophiliacs. 2. One 
who practises venesection, b.'s disease. See hemo- 
philia. 

bleeding (ble'-ding). See bloodletting and hemor- 
rhage. 

blemmatrope (blem'-at-rop) [(i\kp.p.a, a glance; 
rpkiretv, to turn]. An apparatus for showing the 
various positions of the eye in its orbit. 

blenal (blen'-al). Sanatol carbonate, a yellow, 
oily liquid, used in gonorrhea. 

blenna (blen'-er) [f}\kwa, mucus]. Mucus, b. 
narium, mucus from the nose. 

blennadenitis (blen-ad-en-i'-tis) [blenna-; &8yv, 
gland; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the 
mucous glands and follicles. 

blennelytria (blen-el-it'-re-ah) [blenna-; eKvrpov, 
sheath, vagina]. Vaginal catarrh, leucorrhea. 

blennemesis (blen-em'-es-is) [blenna-; ifiieiv, to 
vomit]. The vomiting of mucus. 

blennenteria (blen-en-te'-re-ah) [blenna-; ivrepov, 
intestine]. A mucous diarrhea or dysentery. 

blennenteritis (blen-en-ter-i'-tis) [blenna-; ivrepov, 
intestine; wis, inflammation]. 1. Enteritis with a 
copious discharge of mucus. 2. Inflammation of the 
mucous membrane of the bowel. 

blennisthmia (blen-isth'-me-ah) [PKkwa, mucus 
iadpaa, a throat]. Pharyngeal catarrh. 

blenno- (blen-o-) [^Xwa, mucus]. A prefix 
meaning mucus. 

blennocele (blen'-o-sel) [blenno-; /07X77, a tumor]. 
Gonorrheal epididymitis. 

blennochesia, blennochezia (blen-o-ke'-ze-ah) [blen- 
no-; -xkotiv, to want to go to stool]. See blennenteria. 

blennocystitis (blen-o-sis-ti'-tis) [blenno-; kwt«, 
bladder; ins, inflammation]. Catarrh of the urinary 
bladder. 

blennogenic, or blennogenous (blen-o-jen'-ik, or 
blen-oj' -en-us) [blenno-; ykvzois, production]. Pro- 
ducing or secreting mucus; muciparous. 

blennoid (blen'-oid) [blenno-; elSos, form]. Re- 
sembling mucus; myxoid; muciform; mucoid. 

blennoma (blen-o' -mah) [blenno-; opa, a tumor; 
pi., blennomata]. 1. A mucous polypus. 2. A myxoma. 

blennometritis (blen-o-me-tri'-tis) [blenno-; nvrpa, 
the uterus; wis, inflammation]. Catarrhal metritis. 

blennometrorrhea, blennometrorrhoea (blen-o-met- 
ror-e'-ah). See metroblennorrhea. 

blennophlogisma, blennophlogosis (blen-o-flo-jis'- 
mah, blen-o-jlo-go'-sis) [blenno-; <j>\6yu><Tn, inflamma- 
tion]. Inflammation of a mucosa. 

blennophthalmia (blen-off-thaV -me-ah) [blenno-; 
6<p9a\fj.ia, disease of the eyes]. Catarrhal conjunc- 
tivitis. 

blennoptysis (blen-op'-lis-is) [blenno-; -n-rvais, a 
spitting]. Bronchial mucous expectoration. 

blennorrhagia (blen-or-a'-je-ah) [blenno-; prjyvvpat, 
to burst forth]. 1. An excessive mucous discharge. 
2. Gonorrhea. 

blennorrhagic (blen-or-aj'-ik) [see blennorrhagia]. 
Relating to blennorrhagia. 

blennorrhea (blen-or-e'-ah) [blenno-; po-q, a flow]. 
Same as blennorrhagia. 

blennorrhea!, blennorrhoic (blen-or-e'-al, -o'-ik) 
[see blennorrhea]. Relating to blennorrhea. 



BLENORRHINIA 



148 



BLEPHAROPTOSIS 



blennorrhinia (blen-or-in'-e-ah) [blenno-; pis, the 
nose]. Coryza; nasal catarrh. 

blennosis (blen-o'-sis) [blenno-; vbaos, disease; 
pi., blennoses]. Any disease of a mucous membrane. 

blennostasin (blen-os'-tas-in). The proprietary 
name for a yellow solid body said to be cinchonidine 
hydrobromide, Ci9H22N20(HBr)2, a nontoxic vaso- 
motor constrictor and blennostatic. It is used in 
influenza, colds, night-sweats, etc. Dose 15-60 gr. 
(1-4 Gm.) hourly. 

blennostasis (Jblen-os'-tas-is) [blenno-; <rTa<ns, a 
staying]. The checking or suppression of any 
mucous discharge. 

blennostatic (blen-os-tat'-ik) [blenno-; vtchtls, a 
staying]. 1. Checking or suppressing mucous dis- 
charges. 2. An agent capable of suppressing mucous 
discharges. 

blennostrumous (blen-o-stru'-mus). Relating to 
gonorrhea and to scrofula. 

blennothorax (blen-o-tho'-raks) [blenno-; 0obpa£, 
the thorax]. Pulmonary catarrh. 

blennotorrhea (blen-ot-or-e'-ah) [blenno-; ovs, ear; 
polo., a flow]. A mucous discharge from the ear. 

blennurethria (blen-u-re'-thre-ah) [blenno-; ovp-qdpa, 
the urethra]. Urethral gonorrhea. 

blennuria (Men-it' -re-ah) [blenno-; ovpov, urine]. 
The discharge of mucus in the urine. 

blennymenerysipelas (blen-e-men-er-e-sip f -e-las) 

[blenno-; vp\i)v, membrane; erysipelas]. Erysipelas 
attacking a mucosa. 

blennymenitis (blen-im-en-i'-tis) [blenno-; vp.-qv, 
membrane]. Inflammation of any mucous surface. 

blephara (blef'-ar-ah). Plural of blepharon, q. v. 

blepharadenitis (blef-ar-ad-en-i'-tis) [blepharon; 
iSrjv, a gland; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation 
of the Meibomian glands, b. tarsalis. See horde- 
olum. 

blepharal (blef-ar-al) [0\kcj>a,pov, the eyelid]. 
Relating to an eyelid or to the eyelids. 

blepharanthracosis (blef-ar-an-thrak-o'-sis) [fi\e4>- 
apov, the eyelid; 6.i>9p6.Kwo- is, a charring; carbunculi- 
zation]. Carbuncular inflammation of the eyelid. 

blepharedema (blef-ar-e-de'-mah) [fiXkcpapov, the 
eyelid; ol5r)fj,a, a swelling]. Swelling or edema of 
the eyelids. 

blepharelosis {blef-ar-el-o' -sis) [0\e<papov, the 
eyelid; elAeu', to roll]. Synonym of entropion. 

blepharemphysema (blef-ar-em-fis-e'-mah) [/3Ae0- 
apov, eyelid; e/j.<pvar)na., an inflation]. Emphysema 
of an eyelid. 

blepharides (blef-ar' '-id-ez) . Plural of blepharis. 

blepharis (blef'-ar-is) [/SAec/>apts, an eyelash]. 
1. An eyelash. 2. A genus of plants of the order 
Acanthacece. B. capensis is a plant of South Africa 
used in blood-poisoning from anthrax and in treat- 
ment of snake-bites. Dose 3-4 oz. (90-118 Cc.) of 
a 1 : 100 decoction. 

blepharism (blef'-ar-izm) [fi\e<f>api£eiv , to wink]. 
Rapid involuntary winking; morbidly excessive 
nictitation. 

blepharitic (blef-ar-it'-ik) [$\k<papov, the eyelid; 
ins, inflammation]. Relating to or affected with 
blepharitis. 

blepharitis (blef-ar-i'-tis) [blepharon; ins, inflam- 
mation]. Inflammation of the eyelids, b. acarica, 
marginal blepharitis in which the Demodex folli- 
culorum^ is present upon or about the eyelashes. 
b. ciliaris, b. marginalis, inflammation of the ciliary 
or marginal border of the lids. b. gangrenosa, 
carbuncle of the eyelids, b. glandularis, b. glandu- 
losa, inflammation of the Meibomian glands, b. 
internus, palpebral conjunctivitis, b. phlegmonosa, 
inflammation of the cellular tissue of the eyelid. 
b. scrofulosa. See b. simplex, b. simplex, mild 
inflammation of the borders of the eyelids with 
formation of moist yellow crusts on the ciliary 
margins, gluing together the eyelids, b. squamosa, 
that attended with the formation of scabs, b. 
ulcerosa, an ulcerative inflammation of the eyelids. 

blepharo- (blef-ar-o-) [blepharon]. A prefix mean- 
ing relating to the eyelid. 

blepharoadenitis (bUf-ar-o-ad-en-i'-tis). See bleph- 
aradenitis. 

blepharoadenoma (blef-ar-o-ad-en-o'-mah) [bleph- 
aro-; how, a gland; 6p.a., a tumor]. An adenoma of 
the eyelid. 

blepharoatheroma (blef-ar-o-ath-er-o'-mah) [bleph- 
aro-; atheroma], A sebaceous cyst of the eyelid. 

blepharoblennorrhea (blef-ar-o-blen-or-e'-ah). See 
ophthalmia, purulent, blepharoblennorrhoea gonor- 



rhoea, b. maligna, gonorrheal ophthalmia, bleph- 
aroblennorrhoea neonatorum, ophthalmia neona- 
torum, blepharoblennorrhcea urethritica, gonorrheal 
ophthalmia. 

blepharocarcinoma (blef-ar-o-kar-sin-o'-mah) [bleph- 
aro-; carcinoma]. Carcinoma affecting the eyelid. 

blepharochalasis (blef-ar-o-kal'-as-is) [blepharo-; 
xaKaais, a slackening]. A method of treating tra- 
choma by excising oval slices from the upper and 
lower palpebral conjunctiva, with incision of the 
outer canthus. 

blepharochromidrosis (blef-ar-o-kro-mid-ro'-sis) 

[blepharo-; x/^Ma, color; iSpws, sweat]. Colored 
sweat of the eyelids, usually of a bluish tint. 

blepharocleisis {blef-ar-o-kli'-sis) [blepharo-; n\el- 
o-ls, closure]. Ankyloblepharon; abnormal closure 
of the eyelids. 

blepharoclonus (filef-ar-ok'-lon-us) [blepharo-; k\6- 
vos, commotion]. Spasm of the orbicularis palpe- 
brarum muscle. 

blepharocoloboma (blef-ar-o-kol-o-bo'-mah). See 
coloboma palpebrce. 

blepharoconjunctivitis (blef-ar-o-kon-junk-liv-i'-tis) . 
See conjunctivitis, palpebral. 

blepharodiastasis (blef-ar-o-di-as'-tas-is) [blepharo-; 
5ia.o-Ta.cns, separation]. Excessive separation of the 
eyelids; or inability to close the eyelids completely. 

blepharodyschrea (blef-ar-o-dis-kre'-ah), or bleph- 
arodyschroia (blef-ar-o-dis-kroi'-ah) [blepharo-; Svs t 
bad; xpoia, color]. Discoloration of the eyelid from 
nevus or from any other cause. 

blepharoedema (blef-ar-o-e-de'-mah). See bleph- 
aredema. 

blepharoemphysema. See blepharemphysema. 

blepharohematidrosis (blef-ar-o-hem-at-id-ro'-sis) 
blepharo-; al/ia, blood; idp&s, sweat]. The rare 
occurrence of sweating blood from the skin of the 
eyelid. 

blepharolithiasis (blef-ar-o-lith-i'-as-is) [blepharo-; 
\idos, a stone]. The formation of marginal con- 
cretions within the eyelid. 

blepharomelasma (blef-ar-o-mel-az'-mah) blepharo-; 
MeXas, black]. Seborrhcea nigricans occurring on the 
eyelid. 

blepharomelena (blef-ar-o-mel-e'-nah). See bleph- 
arochromidrosis. 

blepharon (blef-ar-on) [&Xk<papov, the eyelid; pi., 
blephara]. The eyelid; palpebra. 

blepharoncosis (blef-ar-ong-ko'-sis) [blepharoncus]. 
The formation of a blepharoncus, or the condition 
of suffering due to such a growth. 

blepharoncus (blef-ar-ong'-kus) [blepharo-; oyicos, 
an enlargement]. A tumor or swelling of the eyelid. 

blepharonysis (blef-ar-on-i'-sis) [blepharo-; vvo-aeiv, 
to prick]. Operation for entropion by means of 
Gaillard's suture. 

blepharopachynsis (blef-ar-o-pak-in'-sis) [blepharo-; 
Traxvs, thick]. Morbid thickening of the eyelid. 

blepharophimosis (blef-ar-o-fi-mo'-sis) [blepharo-; 
4>lp.o)ais, a shutting-up]. Abnormal smallness of the 
palpebral aperture. 

blepharophryplastic (blef-ar-o-f rip-las' -tik) [bleph- 
aro-; 6(j>pvs, brow; 7rXa<rrt/c6s, plastic]. Pertaining to 
the plastic surgery of the lid and eyebrow. 

blepharophryplasty (blef-ar-off'-re-plas-te) [bleph- 
aro-; 6<t>pvs, eyebrow; ir\a,ao-eiv , to form]. Plastic 
surgery of the eyebrow and eyelid. 

blepharophthalmia (blef-ar-of-thal'-me-ah) [bleph- 
aro-; 6cpda.\p.6s, eye]. Combined palpebral and 
ocular conjunctivitis. 

blepharophthalmic (blef-ar-of-thal'-mik). Relating 
to the eyelids and the globe of the eye, or to blephar- 
ophthalmia. 

blepharophthalmostat {blef-ar-of-thal'-mo-stat). See 
blepharostat. 

blepharophyma (blef-ar-o-fi'-mah) [blepharo-; <f>vp.a, 
a growth; pi., blepharophymata]. A tumor of, or 
outgrowth from, the eyelid. 

blepharoplast (blef'-ar-o-plast) [blepharo-; irXao-aeiv, 
to form]. An individualized centrosome, found in 
certain protozoa, such as trypanosoma. 

blepharoplastic (blef-ar-o-plas'-tik) [blepharo-; 
ifKao-TLKos, plastic]. Pertaining to blepharoplasty. 

blepharoplasty (blef-ar-o-plas-le) [see blepharoplast]. 
An operation for the restoration of any part of the 
eyelid. 

blepharoplegia {blef-ar-o-ple'-je-ah) [blepharo-; 
ifK-qy-n, a stroke]. Paralysis of an eyelid. 

blepharoptosis (blef-ar-op-to'-sis) [blepharo-; irruais, 
a fall]. Drooping of the upper eyelid. 



BLEPHAROPYORRHEA 



149 



BLOOD 



blepharopyorrhea {blef-ar-o-pi-or-e'-ah) [blepharo-; 
irvov, pus; peeu\ to flow]. A flow of pus from the 
eyelid. 

blepharorrhaphy (blef-ar-or'-a-fe) [blepharo-; pa<f>ri, 
a seam]. The stitching together of a portion of the 
edges of the lids. 

blepharorrhea (blef-ar-or-e'-ah) [blepharo-; poia, a 
flow]. A discharge from the eyelid. 

blepharospasm (blef'-ar-o-spazm) [blepharo-; a-irao-- 
nos, a spasm]. Spasm of the orbicularis palpe- 
brarum muscle; excessive winking. 

blepharospath (blef-ar-o-spath) [blepharo-; <ntbBi), 
a blade]. A forceps for taking up or holding an 
artery; for use in operations on the eyelid. 

blepharosphincterectomy (blef-ar-o-sfink-ter-ek' -to- 
me) [blepharo-; acpiynTrip, sphincter; e/cro/x^, inci- 
sion]. An operation to lessen the pressure of the 
upper lid upon the cornea; it consists in making an 
incision the entire length of the lid, about 2 mm. 
above the lid-border; by a second incision a small 
oval flap of skin, 2-4 mm. broad, is removed along 
with all the underlying muscle-fibers. The wound 
is closed with two or three sutures. 

blepharostat {blef'-ar-o-stat) [blepharo-; (ttcltikos, 
causing to stand]. An instrument for holding the 
eyelids apart while performing operations upon the 
eyes or lids. 

blepharostenosis (blef-ar-o-ste-no'-sis) [blepharo-; 
o-rews, narrow]. Diminution of the space between 
the eyelids. 

blepharosymphysis {blef-ar-o-sim'-fiz-is). See ble- 
pharosynechia. 

blepharosyndesmitis (blef-ar-o-sin-des-mi'-tis) [ble- 
pharo-; avvdeapos, a bond]. See conjunctivitis, 
palpebral. 

blepharosynechia (blef-ar-o-si-nek'-e-ah) [blepharo-; 
o-wixeict, a holding together]. The adhesion or 
growing together of the eyelids. 

blepharotomy (blef-ar-ot'-o-me) [blepharo-; rkuveiv, 
to cut]. Incision into the eyelid. 

blepharydatis {blef-ar-id' -at-is) [blepharo-; vSaris, 
a vesicle]. A hydatid affecting the eyelid. 

blessed thistle. See Carduus. 

Blessig's groove [Robert Blessig, Russian physi- 
cian, 1830-1878]. The slight groove in the embryonic 
eye that marks off the fundus of the optic cup from 
the zone that surrounds the periphery of the lens 
and corresponds in position with the future ora 
serrata. 

blight (blit). 1. A partial paralysis of certain 
facial nerves, arising from sudden or extreme cold. 
2. A fungus-disease of plants, b. of the eye, an 
extravasation of blood within the conjunctiva. 
b., sandy, a form of ophthalmia attended with 
photophobia and a sensation of grittiness, due to 
the formation of pus in the openings of the Mei- 
bomian glands. 

blighted {bli'-ted). Withered, blasted; affected 
with blight. 

blind {blind) [AS]. Without sight; deprived of 
sight, b. gut, the cecum, b. spot, that part of 
the fundus of the eye where the optic nerve enters. 

blindness {blind' -nes) . Want of vision. b., 
Blight's. See Bright's blindness, b., color-, imper- 
fect color-perception. This condition is found in 
about 4 % of persons, is more frequent in men than 
in women, and is probably due to nonexercise of the 
color-sense. Complete color-blindness is very rare, 
the different colors probably appearing as different 
intensities or shades of white light. In partial 
color-blindness defective perception of red is the most 
frequent, green, blue, and yellow, respectively, being 
next in order. Tests for color-blindness usually con- 
sist in matching and classifying colored yarns. 
b., cortical, blindness due to lesion of the cortical 
center of vision, b., day-. See nyctalopia, b., 
electric-light, a condition similar to snow-blindness, 
due to exposure of the eyes to intense and prolonged 
electric illumination, b., gold, a form of retinal 
asthenopia at times affecting dentists, owing to 
which there is inability to distinguish the filling from 
the tooth, b., intellectual, b., mental. See b., 
psychic, b., moon-, a rare condition of retinal 
anesthesia said to be due to exposure of the eyes to 
the moon's rays in sleeping, b., nervous. See 
amaurosis, b., night-. See hemeralopia. b., object-. 
See apraxia. b., psychic, loss of conscious visual 
sensation from destruction of the cerebral visual 
center; there is sight but not recognition, b., snow-, 
photophobia and conjunctivitis due to exposure of 



the eyes to the glare of sunlight upon snow, b., 
soul. See b. psychic, b., word-. See aphasia. 

blinking {blink' -ing). An involuntary winking. 

blister {blis'-ter) [ME.]. A vesicle resulting from 
the exudation of serous fluid between the epidermis 
and true skin; also the agent by which the blister is 
produced, b., blood-, a blister which contains 
blood, b., fly-, a blister of cantharides. See 
cantharides. b., flying, a blister that remains long 
enough to produce redness of the skin and not 
vesication. 

blistering {blis'-ter-ing). Forming a vesicle upon 
the skin. b. collodion, a solution of cantharidin in 
collodion, b. liquid. Same as b. collodion, b. 
paper, paper saturated with cantharides; used for 
producing vesication. 

bloat {blot) [ME., blote, swelling]. 1. Puffiness; 
edema; turgidity from any cause, as from anasarca. 
2. A form of colic in the horse produced by tym- 
panitic distention of the intestines. Also called 
■wind colic. 

block {blok) [ME., blok, a piece of wood]. 1. In 
dentistry a mass of gold-foil for filling teeth, made 
by folding a tape of foil upon itself several times 
by means of pliers. 2. To obstruct the path of all 
sensory impressions in the nerve-trunks and roots 
in the spinal cord which connect the area of surgical 
operation with the sensorium. b. heart. See heart. 

blocking {blok' -ing). F. Franck's term for the 
transitory sensory paralysis of the entire peripheral 
distribution of a nerve by the infiltration of the 
sectional area of a nerve-trunk in any part of its 
course with cocaine or a similar analgesic. 

Blocq's disease [Paul Oscar Blocq, French physi- 
cian, 1 860-1 896]. See Briquet's ataxia. 

blondine {blon'-den) [Fr., blonde, light, fair]. 
A preparation of hydrogen dioxide, used for bleaching 
the hair. 

blood {blud) [AS., blod]. The fluid that circulates 
through the heart, arteries, and veins, supplying 
nutritive material to all parts of the body. In the 
human being the blood of the arteries is bright red 
and dichroic; that of the veins, dark red and mono- 
chroic. Blood consists of plasma and corpuscular 
elements, the latter being the red corpuscles, the 
white corpuscles, and the blood-plaques. In a 
cubic millimeter there are about 5,000,000 red and 
10,000 white corpuscles. The red color of the blood 
is due to the hemoglobin contained in the red cor- 
puscles. The total amount of blood was formerly 
estimated at ^3 of the body-weight, but now £> of 
the body-weight is believed to be a more correct 
figure. When exposed to the air, blood coagulates, 
forming a red clot and a yellowish fluid called serum. 
Healthy blood consists of 78 % of water and 22 % 
of solids. See Almen, Bremer, Hayem, Hoppe- 
Seyler, Robert, Ladendorff, Pacini, Rubner, Sal- 
kowski, Struve, Van Deen, Wetzel, v. Zaleski. b.- 
casts, tube casts to which red blood-corpuscles are 
attached, b.-cell, a blood corpuscle, b.-coagula- 
tion. See Hammarsten, Lilienfeld, Pekelharing, 
Schmidt, b.-corpuscles, red, circular, biconcave 
discs floating in the blood. Red corpuscles are 
circular in mammals (except the camel) and elliptical 
in birds and reptiles. In man they are about 35V0 
inch (7 m) in diameter and k Jm inch thick, b.- 
corpuscles, granular, bodies described by Erb in 
blood of mammals and supposed to be transitional 
blood-corpuscles, b.-corpuscles white, colorless cor- 
puscles, about one-third larger in diameter than the 
red — ^^j inch (10 m). They exhibit movements 
similar to those of the ameba. b.-crasis, the mix- 
ture of the constituents of the blood. When the 
blood-crasis is diseased or disordered, the condition 
is known as dyscrasia. b.-crystals, crystals of 
hematoidin. b., defibrinated, blood from which the 
fibrin has been removed by agitating it with twigs. 
b.-disease. A synonym of dyscrasia. b.-dust. A 
synonym of hemokonia. b.-fiuke. See Bilharzia 
hamatobia. b.-islands, a term applied to the groups 
of corpuscles developed during the first days of 
embryonic life, within the large branched cells of 
the mesoblast. b.-pigments. See hemoglobin, hema- 
tin, and hematocyanin. b.-plaque. See b.-platelets. 
b.-plasma, the liquor sanguinis, or fluid part of the 
blood, b.-platelets, circular or oval, light-gray 
bodies found in the blood. They are from 1 to 1.3 n 
in size, and number from 18,000 to 300,000 in the 
cubic millimeter. Their function is not definitely 
known; they are an important factor in thrombosis. 



BLOODLESS 



150 



BODY 



b.-poisoning, a morbid state due to the circulation 
of bacteria or their products, or both, in the blood, 
as the result of a local infection, b.-pressure, the 
tension of the blood in the arteries, b.-root. See 
sanguinarid. b.-shot, redness due to turgescence of 
blood-vessels; ecchymosed, — e. g., the eye. b.- 
stroke, apoplexy, b.-tumor. See hematoma, b.- 
vessel, an artery or a vein. 

bloodless (blud'-les) [blood]. Without blood. 
b. operations, surgical operations, such as ampu- 
tations, in which the member is so bandaged by 
compresses and elastic bands that the blood is ex- 
pelled and kept from the part to be operated upon. 

bloodletting (blud-let'-ing). The artificial abstrac- 
tion of blood from the body, b., general, venesec- 
tion or phlebotomy, b., local, b., topical, the 
removal of a small quantity of blood by cupping 
leeching, or scarification, b., revulsive, that per- 
formed for arresting internal hemorrhage, b., 
spoliative, bleeding to reduce the number of blood- 
corpuscles. 

bloody (blud'-e). Having the nature of, or filled 
with blood, b. flux, dysentery, b. sweat, ephi- 
drosis. 

blotch. A pimple or blain; a small discolored 
patch of skin; a group of small pustules. 

blow-pipe (blo'-plp). A cylindrical tube, from 
twelve to eighteen inches long, about half an inch 
in diameter at one end, and gradually tapering to a 
fine point or nozzle, which may be straight or bent 
at a right angle; it is used in directing the flame of a 
lamp in a fine conical tongue, for the purpose of 
producing a high temperature by hastening the 
combustion. 

blucaloids (blu'-kal-oids). Capsules containing 
methylene-blue and oil of eucalyptus; said to be 
useful in malaria. 

blue [ME., blew]. One of the colors of the spec- 
trum, b. baby, a child with congenital cyanosis. 
b.-blindness, defective color-perception for blue. 
b. cardinal-flower. Synonym of Lobelia syphilitica. 
b. cohosh. See Caulophyllum. b. disease, cyanosis 
of the newborn, usually due to congenital disease of 
the heart, b. edema, a puffed and bluish appearance 
of the limb sometimes seen in hysterical paralysis. 
b.-flag. See Iris. b. gentian, the root of Gentiana 
catesbcei, tonic and stomachic. Dose of fluidextract 
10-40 niin. (0.65-2.65 Cc). b.-gum tree. See 
Eucalyptus. b.-mass. See mercury mass. b., 
methylene-. See methylene-blue. b. ointment, 
unguentum hydrargyri dilutum (U. S. P.). b. pill, 
a pill made from blue-mass, b., Prussian, ferric 
ferrocyanide, (Fe2)2(FeCeN6)3. b. stick. Same as 
b.-stone. b.-stone, copper sulphate, b., Turnbull's, 
ferrous ferrocyanide, Fe3Fe2(C3N3)4. b. vision, 
cyanopsia. b. vitriol, copper sulphate. 

bluebottle (blu'-bot-l). See Carduus. 

blues (blooz). A popular name for short periods 
of mental depression; they are usually associated 
with indigestion. 

Blumberg's sign (bloom' -berg). In active peri- 
tonitis, pressure of the hand on the abdomen causes 
less pain than sudden removal of the pressure; 
during convalescence, pressure causes greater pain 
than sudden removal of the pressure. 

Blumenau's nucleus (bloo'-men-ow) [Leonid Blu- 
menau, Russian neurologist, 1862- ]. The 
lateral nucleus of the cuneate nucleus. 

Blumenbach's clivus (bloo'-men-bakh) [Johann 
Friedrich Blumenbach, German physiologist, 1752- 
1840]. The inclined surface of the sphenoid bone 
which lies behind the posterior clinoid processes 
and is continuous with the basilar process of the 
occipital bone. B.'s process, the uncinate process 
of the ethmoid bone. 

blunt-hook (blunt' -hook). An obstetrical instru- 
ment, used mainly in embryotomy. 

blushing (blush' -ing) [ME., blushen, to glow]. The 
sudden and temporary reddening of the face due to 
vasomotor action caused by shame, modesty, or 
confusion. See rubor. 

Blyth's test for lead in potable water [Alexander 
Wynter Blyth, English chemist]. On the addition 
of a 1 per cent, alcoholic tincture of cochineal a 
precipitate is formed. 

BNA. Abbreviation for Basle nomina anatomica, 
Basle anatomical nomenclature. 

Boas' reagent (bo'-as) [Ismar Boaz, German physi- 
cian, 1858- ]. A solution of tropeolin or paper 
saturated with such a solution. B.'s sign, the pres- 



ence of lactic acid in the gastric contents in cases of 
cancer of the stomach. B.'s test, in cases of intestinal 
atony a splashing sound can be obtained on pressure 
upon the abdominal wall after the injection of a 
small quantity (200-300 Cc.) of water into the 
bowel. B.'s test for hydrochloric acid in the con- 
tents of the stomach, in 100 Gm. dilute alcohol 
dissolve 5 Gm. pure resorcinol and 5 Gm. white 
sugar. Spread a few drops of this reagent in a thin 
layer upon a porcelain dish and heat gently. If a 
glass rod dipped in the solution is applied to a drop 
of the filtrate from the stomach, a deep scarlet streak 
is produced. B.'s treatment of hemorrhoids, after 
extrusion of the hemorrhoids they are treated by 
Bier's suction until an edematous ring appears; 
later, they drop off. 

Boas-Oppler bacillus (bo'-as op'-ler) [Ismar Boas, 
German physician, 1858- ; Bruno Oppler, Ger- 
man physician]. A strepto-bacillus sometimes found 
in the gastric contents; when present in large num- 
bers it is said to indicate carcinoma of the stomach. 

boat-belly (bot'-bel-e). See scaphoid abdomen. 

bocaral (bo'-kar-al). An antiseptic preparation 
containing boric acid, carbolic acid, and alum. 

Bocconia (bok-o'-ne-ah) [Paolo, Boccone, Italian 
botanist, 1633-1704]. A genus of plants of the order 
PapaveracecB. B. frutescens is a native of the West 
Indies; the juice is purgative and anthelmintic. 

Bochdalek's canal (bok-dal-ek') [Bochdalek, Austri- 
an anatomist, -1883]. A minute canal passing 
obliquely downward and outward through the mem- 
brana tympani from the upper edge of the inner 
surface of the latter to the umbo, where it opens on 
the outer surface. B.'s ganglion, the supramaxillary 
ganglion; a small gangliform enlargement at the junc- 
tion of the anterior and middle dental branches of the 
superior maxillary nerve. B.'s gap, the interval exist- 
ing in the diaphragm between the costal and lumbar 
attachments of this muscle. B.'s glands, cysts devel- 
oped in the tongue derived from the primitive thyro- 
glossal duct. B.'s muscle, the triticeoglossus muscle, 
a small muscle extending from the cartilago triticea in 
the thyrohyoid ligament upward and forward to the 
tongue, which it enters, together with the posterior 
part of the hyoglossus. B.'s tubes, round or tubular 
cavities opening into the posterior portion of the thyro- 
glossal duct; like the latter, they are inconstant after 
birth. B.'s valve, a small fold of the lining membrane 
of the lacrimal duct, near the punctum lacrimale. 

Bock's pharyngeal nerve [August Carl Bock, 
German anatomist, 1782-1833]. The posterior 
efferent (pterygopalatine) branch of the spheno- 
palatine ganglion. 

Bockhart's impetigo. Epidermic abscesses caused 
by pyogenic micrococci. 

bodik. A Malay liquor made from rice. 

Bodo (bo' -do) [L.]. A genus of flagellate protozoa. 
B. saltans has been reported as living in great numbers 
in unhealthy ulcerations. B. urinarius has been 
found in the urine of cholera-patients. 

body (bod'-e) [AS., bodig]. 1. The animal frame 
with its organs. 2. A cadaver or corpse. 3- The 
important and largest part of an organ, as the 
body of the uterus. See also corpus and corpora. 
4. A mass of matter, b., alloxur. See alloxur. 
bodies, amylaceous, b., amyloid, a term applied by 
Virchow (1856) to bodies found in the central nervous 
system of adults and young persons dying of various 
diseases (not alone of diseases of the nervous system). 
They are concentrically striated, stain deep brown 
with Lugol's solution, blue with iodine and sulphuric 
acid, and give the characteristic amyloid color with 
the aniline stains, b., antiimmune, a substance 
held by Ehrlich in his lateral-chain theory to enter 
into the composition of an antihemolysin (q. v.). 
Cf . anticomplement. bodies, bigeminal. See corpora 
quadrigemina. b.-cavity, the space contained within 
the thoracic and abdominal walls, b., central. 
1. The nucleus. 2. In the plural, peculiar corpuscles 
which are permanently present near the nucleus in 
protoplasm during cell-division, bodies, chromatin, 
bodies of various forms found in the reticulum of a cell 
undergoing mitosis, bodies, direction, b., directive, 
the minute abortive cells extruded by the egg-cell as 
the final phenomenon in the process of maturation; 
polar bodies, b., immune, a name given by Pfeiffer to 
one of the two substances of a hemolytic serum. It is 
thermostabile and has two affinities, a stronger one for 
the red blood-cell and a weaker one for the comple- 
ment. Having two uniting processes, it is an ambo- 



BOECK'S DISEASE 



151 



BONE 



ceptor. b., inclusion, a nucleoid, b., intermediary, 
b., intermediate. See b., immune and amboceptor. 
bodies, katalytic, the ferments, b.-louse. See 
under pediculus. bodies, melon-seed, bits of fibrin, 
cartilage, or of tuberculous or syphilitic granulation 
tissue, found in enlarged bursae and ganglia, bodies, 
metachromatic, small granules in bacterial cells 
staining differently from the surrounding cytoplasm. 
bodies, parenchymal, the lobules of the lacrimal 
gland, b., perineal, the tissues between the vulva 
and anus, b., pituitary. See pituitary, b.-sarcode, 
the protoplasm of the cell-body, bodies, semilunar. 
See cells, demilune. 

Boeck's disease (bek) [Carl Wilhelm Boeck, Nor- 
wegian physician, 1808-1875]. Sarcoid tumor of the 
skin. B.'s lotion, for dry, itching, inflammatory 
diseases. Talc and starch, each, 50; glycerol, 20; 
lead-water, 100. The bottle to be well shaken; the 
lotion diluted with twice the volume of water and 
applied with a brush. B.'s scabies, scabies crustosa; 
Norwegian itch. 

Boedeker's reaction for albumin (bo'-dek-er). 
Treat the liquid with acetic acid and add a solution 
of potassium ferrocyanide drop by drop. White 
precipitate of albumin will be formed. 

Boerhaave's glands (bor'-hav) [Hermann Boerhaave, 
Dutch physician, 1668-1738]. The sudoriparous 
glands. The convoluted glands in the skin that 
secrete the sweat. 

Boernstein's test for saccharin. Extract the sub- 
stance to be tested with ether; remove the ether and 
heat with resorcinol and sulphuric acid and next add 
an excess of soda solution. In the presence of 
saccharin a strong fluorescence is produced. Ac- 
cording to Hooker, other substances, e. g., succinic 
acid, also produce this reaction. 

Boettcher's cells (bet'-kher) [Arthur Boettcher, 
German anatomist, 1831-1889]. Dark-colored cells, 
with a basally situated nucleus, found between 
Claudius' cells. B.'s crystals. See crystals, spermin. 

Boettcher-Cotugno's space (ko-tun'-yo). The 
endolymphatic sac of the internal ear. 

Boettger's test for dextrose (bet'-ger) [Wilhelm 
Carl Boettger, German chemist, 1871- ]. Take 
5 Gm. of basic bismuth nitrate, 5 Gm. of tartaric 
acid, and 30 Cc. of distilled water. Add to this slowly 
a strong solution of sodium hydroxide, stirring con- 
tinually until a clear solution is obtained. To a 
small quantity of this add some solution of dextrose 
and boil. A black precipitate of metallic bismuth 
is formed. Or the test may be performed in this 
way: Add some solid bismuth subnitrate to the liquid 
already rendered alkaline with sodium carbonate or 
potassium and boil. The existence of dextrose will 
be evinced by the darkening of the bismuth salt or a 
black precipitate. 

Bogg's sign. In hypertrophy of the thymus: an 
upward shifting of the lower level of percussion 
duiness when the "seated" subject's head is extended 
backwards towards the spine. 

Bogros' space (bog'-ro) [Jean Annet Bogros, 
French anatomist, 1786-1825]. A space between 
the peritoneum above and the fascia transversalis 
below, in which the lower portion of the external 
iliac artery can be reached without wounding the 
peritoneum. 

Bogrow's fibers (bog'-ro). A tract of nerve-fibers 
passing from the optic tract to the optic thalamus. 

boil (boil) [Mod. E., boile]. A furuncle; a localized 
inflammation of the skin and subcutaneous connec- 
tive tissue attended by the formation of pus. See 
furunculus. b., Aleppo, b., Delhi, a peculiar ulcera- 
tive affection endemic in India, due to a specific 
microorganism. See furunculus orientalis. b., blind, 
one of brief continuance and not attended by the 
formation of a core. 

boiled oil. Linseed oil that has been heated to a 
high temperature (130 C. and upward), while a 
current of air is passed through or over the oil, and 
the temperature increased until the oil begins to 
effervesce from evolution of products of decomposition. 

boilermakers' deafness. See deafness, boiler- 
makers'. 

boiling [ME., boilen, to stir]. The vaporization of a 
liquid when it gives off vapor having the same 
tension as the surrounding air. b. point, the tem- 
perature at which a liquid begins to boil. 

bolbomelanosis (bol-bo-mel-an-o' -sis) [Po\@6s, a 
bulb; neXavufia, blackness]. The process of forma- 
tion of a melanoma. 



boldine (bol'-din). See under boldus. 

boldo (bol'-do). See boldus. 

boldoglucin. An aromatic glucoside obtained from 
Peumus boldus and other species. It is a hypnotic 
in doses of 20 gr.-i dr. (1.3-4.0 Gm.). 

boldus (bol'-dus) [L.]. Boldo. The leaves and 
stems of an evergreen, Peumus boldus, native to 
Chili, sometimes used in anemia and general debility 
as a substitute for quinine. It contains a bitter 
alkaloid, boldine, a hypnotic in doses of 3 gr. (0.2 
Gm.). Dose of the fluidexlract, 1-4 min. (0.065- 
0.26 Cc.) ; of the tincture, which contains 20 % of the 
drug, 5-8 min. (0.32-0.52 Cc). 

bole (bol) [/3wXos, a clod of earth]. A translucent, 
soft variety of clay formerly much used in medicine — 
internally as an astringent, externally as an ab- 
sorbent. Several varieties are used, as the Armenian 
bole, the Lemnian, and the French bole. 

boletiform (bo-let' -e-f or m). Shaped like a mush- 
room. 

Boletus (bo-le'-tus). A genus of fungi, some species 
of which are edible while others are highly poisonous. 

Bolognini's sign (bo-lo-ne'-ne). On pressing with 
the tips of the fingers of both hands alternately 
upon the right and left of the abdomen of a patient 
who is lying on his back and whose abdominal 
muscles are relaxed by flexion of the thighs, a sen- 
sation of friction within the abdomen is perceived; 
it is noticed in the early stages of measles. 

bolometer (bo-lom'-et-er) [fioX-q, a ray, a throw; 
ukrpov, a measure].' A device for measuring minute 
differences in radiant heat. Syn., thermic balance. 

bolus (bo'-lus) [L.]. 1. A large pill. 2. The rounded 
mass of food prepared by the mouth for swallowing. 
3. See bole. 

bombus (bom'-bus) [fionflos, a humming sound]. 
A ringing or buzzing sound in the ears; tinnitus. 
Also a sonorous movement or rumbling flatus of 
the intestines: borborygmus. 

Bond's splint. For fracture of the lower end of 
the radius: — A thin, wooden splint, with sole-leather 
edges an inch high, and a curved block to rest in the 
palm of the hand. A pasteboard splint is used on 
the back of the forearm, both reaching from below 
the elbow to almost the distal ends of the meta- 
carpal bones. 

bonducin (bon'-du-sin), C14H15O5. A bitter prin- 
ciple from bonducella; a white powder, soluble in 
alcohol, chloroform, fats, and oils, used as a febrifuge. 
Dose i|-3 gr. (0.1-0.3 Gm.). 

bonduk, bonducella (bon'-duk, bon-du-sel' -ah) 
[L.]. Bonduc-seeds. The seeds of Ccesalpinia bondu- 
cella, a tropical plant. It is a bitter tonic and anti- 
periodic in intermittent fevers. Dose 10-15 gr. 
(0.65-0.97 Gm.). 

bone (bon) [AS., ban]. A hard tissue that consti- 
tutes the framework or skeleton of the body. Bone 
usually consists of a compact outer mass covered with 
periosteum, surrounding a reticulated inner structure 
that incloses a central cavity filled with marrow. 
A transverse section of a long bone shows bone- 
tissue to be composed of a number of nearly circular 
zones, each having a central tube, the Haversian 
canal, through which the blood circulates. Sur- 
rounding the Haversian canal are concentrically 
arranged lamina?, or layers of bone, between which 
are found irregular spaces called lacunae, containing 
bone-corpuscles and communicating with the Haver- 
sian canal and each other by means of canaliculi, 
through which the nutrition is conveyed to all parts 
of the bone, b.-ache, osteocopic pain, b., ankle-, 
the talus or astragalus, b., articular, that element 
of the mandible or lower jaw which is formed from 
the condylar portion of the cartilaginous rudiment 
in Meckel's cartilage. Syn., os articulare; os con- 
dyloideum maxilla inferioris. b.-ash, the calcic 
phosphate remaining after bones have been inciner- 
ated, b., basilar. 1. The sphenoid and occipital 
bones regarded as one. 2. The sacrum. 3. The 
last lumbar vertebra. 4- The basioccipital bone. 
5. The basisphenoid bone in birds, b., cancellated, 
b., cancellous, bone consisting chiefly of spongy 
tissue, b.-cartilage. See ossein, b.-cell, an osteo- 
blast, b., cheek-, the malar bone, b.-chips. See 
Senn's bone-plates, b., collar-, the clavicle, b.- 
conduction, the transmission of sound-waves to the 
auditory nerve by means of sonorous vibrations 
communicated to the bones of the skull, b.-cyst, 
a tumor distending and thinning bone, and filled 
with serum or bloody fluid; in rare cases bone-cysts 



BONELET 



152 



BOROTARTRATE 



contain hydatids, b.s, elongated, long bones, like 
the ribs, devoid of a medullary cavity, b., endo- 
chondral, such true bone as originates from osteo- 
blastic centers in fetal cartilage, and not from peri- 
osteum, b., epipteric, a small Wormian bone some- 
times found between the great wing of the sphenoid 
and the anterior inferior angle of the parietal bone. 
b., exercise, an ossification in the left arm of soldiers 
due to constant pressure of a musket, b., flat, a 
bone more or less in the form of a plate, b.-gelatin. 
See gelatin, bone-, b., intermaxillary. See mesogna- 
thion. b., long, one consisting of a narrow shaft and 
two expanded ends, b.s, pneumatic, those containing 
many air-cells or air-sacs, b., puboischiadic, b., 
puboischiatic, the os pubis and the ischium taken as 
one. b., rider's, an ossification of the lower tendon 
of the adductor longus or magnus from pressure. 
b., sesamoid. See sesamoid bone. b.-setter, a 
specialist at setting bones; usually an uneducated 
empiric, and often a pretender to hereditary skill in 
the business, b., short, one the three dimensions of 
which are approximately equal, b., stirrup. See 
stapes, b.s, sutural, the Wormian bones of the 
skull, b.s, Wormian, small bones in the sutures of 
the skull. See bones, table of, page 153. 

bonelet (bon'-let). See ossicle. 

boneset. See Eupatorium. 

Bonfils' disease. See Hodgkin's disease. 

Bonnaire method (bon-air') [ — Bonnaire, French 
obstetrician]. A method of bimanual dilatation of 
the cervix for rapid artificial delivery. 

Bonnet's capsule (bon-a') [Amadee Bonnet, French 
surgeon, 1809-1858]. The posterior portion of the 
sheath of the eyeball; Tenon's capsule. B.'s posi- 
tion, the position assumed by the thigh in coxitis: 
flexion, abduction, and outward rotation. 

boohoo (boo-hoo') [native S. Pacific]. A kind of 
gastritis with slight fever and with great nostalgia 
and depression of spirits. It attacks strangers in 
some of the Pacific Islands. 

Boophilus (bo-off' -il-us) [|8ous, ox; <j>CKeiv, to love]. 
A genus of cattle-ticks. B. annulatus, the cattle- 
tick which carries the piroplasma responsible for 
Texas fever (a disease of cattle). 

boot, Junod's. See Junod's boot. 

boracic acid {bo-ras'-ik). See under boron. 

boracil (bo'-ras-il). A preparation composed of 
boric acid, benzoic acid, acetanilide, and resorcinol. 
It is used as an antiseptic dusting powder. 

boracite (bo'-ras-U). Native magnesium borate. 

borage (bo' -raj). The plant Borago officinalis, a 
demulcent, mild refrigerant and diaphoretic. Dose 
of fluidextract, 5 J. 

boral (bo'-ral). See aluminum borotartrate. 

boralide (bo'-ral-id). A proprietary" wound- 
antiseptic said to contain equal parts of boric acid 
and acetanilide. 

borate (bo' -rat) [Ax., buraq, borax]. Any salt of 
boric acid. 

borated (bo'-ra-ted). Containing or combined with 
borax or boric acid. 

borax (bo'-raks). See boron. 

borborygmus (bor-bor-ig'-mus) [/3op/3opv7/x6s, a rum- 
bling: pi., borborygmi]. A rumbling of the bowels. 

Bordeaux emulsion (bor-do). A preparation con- 
taining lime 0.3, copper sulphate 1.6, liquid petro- 
latum 6.0, and water to 100. 

border (bord'-er) [ME.]. In anatomy, the boundary 
of an area or surface, b., basal, b., cuticular, b., 
striated. See layer, cuticular. b., bright, the margin 
of a ciliated cell, b., vermilion, the line of union of 
the mucosa of the lip with the skin. 

Bordet's phenomenon (bor'-da) [J. Bordet, Belgian 
bacteriologist]. See Pfeiffer's reaction, from which 
it differs only in the use of a small quantity of normal 
serum instead of fresh peritoneal fluid. B.'s specific 
test, for human blood: it is based upon the fact that 
the blood-serum of an animal subcutaneously in- 
jected with the blood of another animal of a different 
species rapidly develops the property of agglutinating 
and dissolving the erythrocytes similar to those 
injected, but has no effect upon blood derived from 
any other source. 

Bordier-Fraenkel's sign. See Bell's phenomenon. 

boric (bo'-rik). Relating to boron; containing bo- 
ron, b. acid. See under boron. 

boricin (bo'-ris-in). A proprietary mixture of 
borax and boric acid used as an antiseptic. 

boride (bo' -rid). A compound of boron with a 
radical or element. 



borine (bo'-ren). 1. A compound of 1 atom of 
boron and 3 atoms or 3 molecules of a univalent 
radical. _ 2. A proprietary antiseptic said to contain 
boric acid and aromatic stearoptens. 

borism (bo'-rizm). Poisoning with boric acid or 
borax. 

borneene (bor'-ne-en), C10H16. A peculiar volatile 
oil, the chief constituent of oil of camphor. It is 
isomeric with oil of turpentine and holds in solution 
borneol and rosin. 

Borneo camphor (bor'-ne-o ham' -for). See borneol. 

borneol (bor'-ne-ol) [Borneo]," CioHisO. Borneo 
camphor; a substance that occurs in Dryobalanops 
camphora, a tree growing in Borneo and Sumatra. 
It is _ artificially prepared by treating the alcoholic 
solution of common camphor with sodium. 

borneyl (bor'-ne-il), C10H14. The radical of 
borneol. 

bornyval (bor'-ne-val). Isovalerate of borneol; 
an aromatic liquid used as a nerve sedative and 
antispasmodic. Dose 6 mimims. 

boroborax (bo-ro-bo'-raks). A crystalline combi- 
nation of borax and boric acid. It is used as an 
antiseptic. 

borocalcite (bo-ro-kal'-sit). Native calcium borate. 

borocarbide (bo-ro-kar' -bid) . A compound of 
borax and carbon. 

borochloretone (bo-ro-klor'-et-on). A combination 
of boric acid and chloretone; used as an antiseptic 
dusting powder. 

borocitrate (bo-ro-sit'-rat). A compound of both 
citric and boric acid with an element or radical. 

borofax (bo'-ro-fax). Trade name of an emollient 
and sedative preparation containing boric acid. 

borofluorin (bo-ro-flu'-or-in). A proprietary anti- 
septic and germicide said to contain boric acid, 
sodium fluoride, benzoic acid, and formaldehyde. 

boroform (bo'-ro-form). A condensation product 
of boroglycerin and formaldehyde, used as an anti- 
septic. 

boroformal, boroformalin (bo-ro-form'-al, bo-ro- 
form'-al-in). A proprietary antiseptic said to con- 
sist of borosalicylic glycerol, benzoresorcinol, menthol, 
thymol, eucalyptol, and formalin. 

borogen (bo'-ro-jen). Boric-acid ethyl ester. It is 
used by inhalation in diseases of the air-passages. 

boroglyceride (bo-ro-glis'-er-id). See boroglycerin. 

boroglycerin (bo-ro-glis'-er-in). A mixture of boric 
acid with glycerol, b., glycerite of (glyceritum boro- 
glycerini, U. S. P.), boroglycerin dissolved in glycerol 
by heating. Syn., solution of boroglycerin. 

boroglycerol (bo-ro-glis'-er-ol). Boroglycerin. 

borol (bo'-rol). Borosulphate of sodium or po- 
tassium. 

borolyptol (bo-ro-lip'-tol). A proprietary internal 
and external antiseptic said to contain acetoborq- 
glyceride, formaldehyde and the antiseptic consti- 
tuents of Pinus pumilio, eucalyptus, myrrh, storax, 
and benzoin. 

boron (bo'-ron) [Ar., buraq, borax]. B=n; 
quantivalence III, V. A nonmetallic element oc- 
curring in two allotropic forms — as a powder and 
as a crystalline substance. It is the base of boric 
acid and of the mineral borax. Boracic or, more 
properly, boric acid, H3BO3, is a crystalline substance, 
found native in the volcanic lagoons of Tuscany. It 
occurs in white, transparent crystals, soluble in 
water and alcohol; it is antiseptic. Dose 5-2 gr. 
(0.32-1.3 Gm.). Unguentum acidi borici (U. S. P., 
B. P.) contains hard paraffin, 2; soft paraffin, 4; 
boric acid, 1 ; it is used as an antiseptic and in dermat- 
ology. Borax, Na2B407+ioH20, sodium borate 
(more correctly, disodic tetraborate), occurs as 
white, transparent crystals, soluble in water, alcohol, 
and glycerol; it is used as an antiseptic. Dose 5-40 
gr. (0.32-2.6 Gm.). Glycerinum boracis (B. P.) 
contains borax, glycerol, and distilled water; used 
as a local application. Mel boracis (B. P.), borax 
honey, contains borax, clarified honey, and glycerol 
(about 1 in 7) ; used as a local application. 

borophenol (bo-ro-fe'-nol). A soluble disinfectant 
compound of borax and phenol. 

borosalicyl, borsalyl (bo-ro-sal'-is-il, bor'-sal-il). 
Sodium borosalicylate. 

borosol (bo'-ro-sol). A proprietary liquid used as 
a wash for perspiring feet and said to contain alumi- 
num tartrate, boric and salicylic acids, glycerin, and 
free tartaric acid. 

borotartrate (bo-ro-tar'-trat). A combination of 
boric and tartaric acids with a base. 



BONES 



153 
TABLE OF BONES. 



BONES 



Name. 



Anvil. 
Astragalus. 
Atlas [BNA]. 



Calcaneus [BNA] 
(calcaneum) (os 
calcis). 



Capitatum (os) 
[BNA] (os mag- 
num). 



Carpus [BNA] (ossa 
carpi). 



Clavicula [BNA] 
(clavicle) . 



Coccygis (os) [BNA] 
(coccyx). 



Concha nasalis in- 
ferior [BNA] (in- 
ferior turbinate 
bone) . 

Costae [BNA] (ribs). 



Principal Features. 



Coxae (os) [BNA] 
(innominate bone; 
os innominatum). 



See Incus. 

See Talus. 

First cervical vertebra ; 
ring-like; anterior and 
posterior arches and 
tubercles; articular sur- 
faces. 

See Epistropheus. 

The heel bone ; irregularly 
cuboid; lesser process 
[sustentaculum tali] , 
greater process, peroneal 
ridge or spine, superior 
groove articular surfaces. 

Largest bone of carpus; 
occupies center of wrist; 
head, neck, body; short 
bone. 



Consists of os naviculare 
manus, os lunatum, os 
triquetrum, os pisiforme, 
os multangulum majus, 
os multangulum minus, 
os capitatum, os hama- 
tum. See inidvidual 
bones. 

Collar-bone, resembles the 
italic "/"',' conoid tuber- 
cle, deltoid tubercle, ob- 
lique line. 

The last bone of the verte- 
bral column; resembles a 
cuckoo's beak; usually 
composed of four small 
segments: base, apex, 
cornua. 

Situated on the outer wall 
of the nasal fossa; irregu- 
lar bone. 

Twelve in number on each 
side; shaft, head, neck, 
tuberosity, angle (an- 
terior and posterior), 
anterior or sternal ex- 
tremity; first, second, 
tenth, eleventh and 
twelfth are peculiar; 
flat bones. 



Large, 3 parts; flat bone; 
with its fellow and 
sacrum and occcyx forms 
pelvis. 

Ilium — superior broad ex- 
panded portion, crest, 
superior, middle, and in- 
ferior curved lines ilio- 
pectineal line, venter, 
auricular surface, anter- 
ior and posterior, su- 
perior and inferior spin- 
ous processes, f (about) 
of acetabulum. 

Ischium — lower and back 
portion, body, tuberosity 
and ramus, spine, greater 
and lesser sacrosciatic 
notches, external and 
internal lips of tuber- 
osity, lower boundary 
of obturator foramen, 
I (about) of acetabulum. 



Articulations and 
Variety. 



Occipital bone — double ar- 

throdia. 
Epistropheus, four joints— 

diar throdia rotatoria and 

double arthrodia. 

Astragalus, ) 

Cuboid, >■ arthrodia. 

Scaphoid, J 



! e h c £3 d lMetacarpal- 



Sternum, 

SaX^ofl- - 

first rib, 
Sacrum — amphi arthrodia. 



Ethmoid, 

Maxilla, vsynar- 

Lacrimal, I throdia. 

Os palatinum,. 
Vertebrae — arthrodia. 

f First rib — syn- 

c , „ arthrodia. 

Sternum,-, 0thers _ flr . 

I throdia. 



f With its fellow of "I synar- 
J opposite side, Vthro- 
| Sacrum, j dia. 

I Femur — enarthrodia. 



Muscular and Ligamentous 
Attachments. 



Longus colli {tubercle), rectus 
capitis posticus minor {spin- 
ous process). 



Tibialis posticus, tendo Achil- 
lis, plantar is, abductor pol- 
licis, abductor minimi digiti, 
flexor brevis digitorum, flexor 
accessorius, extensor brevis 
digitorum. 

Flexor brevis poll ic is (part). 



Sternomastoid, trapezius, pec- 
toral is major, deltoid, sub- 
clavius, sternohyoid, platys- 
ma. 

Coccygeus, gluteus maximus, 
extensor coccygis, sphincter 
ani, levator ani. 



None. 



Internal and external intercos- 
tals, scalenus anticus, medius 
and posticus, pectoral is min- 
or, serratus magnus, obliquus 
externus, transversalis, quad- 
ratus lumborum, diaphragm, 
latissimus dorsi, serratus pos- 
ticus superior and inferior, 
sacrolumbalis, musculus ac- 
cessorius ad sacrolumbalem, 
longissimus dorsi, cervicalis 
ascendens, levatores costar- 
um, infracostales. 



Ilium — tensor vaginae femoris, 
external oblique, latissimus 
dorsi, iliacus, transversalis, 
quadratus lumborum, erector 
spinae, internal oblique, glu- 
teus maximus, medius, and 
minimus, rectus, pyriformis, 
multifidus spinae, sartorius. 



Ischium — obturator externus 
and internus, gracilis, levator 
ani, gemelli superior and in- 
ferior coccygeus, biceps, 
semitendinosus, semimem- 
branosus, quadratus femoris, 
adductor magnus, transver- 
sa perinei, erector penis. 



* The abbreviation [BNA] used throughout this table indicates that the term is in accordance with the 
Basle anatomical nomenclature. 



BONES 



154 



BONES 



TABLE OF BONES.— (Continued.) 



Name. 


Principal Features. 


Articulations and 
Variety. 


Muscular and Ligamentous 
Attachments. 


Coxae (continued). 


Pubis — body, horizontal 




Pubis — internal and external 




ramus, descending ra- 




oblique, transversal is, rectus, 




mus, spine, iliopectineal 




pyramidalis, psoas parvus, 




line, angle, symphysis, 




pectineus, adductor magnus, 




obturator foramen (up- 




longus, and brevis, gracilis, 


i 


per boundary), \ of 




external and internal obtur- 




acetabulum. 




ator, levator ani, compressor 
urethrae, accelerator urinae. 


Cranium BNA].. 


Occipital, parietal (two), 
frontal, temporal (two), 
sphenoid, ethmoid. See 
individual bones. 






Cuboideum (os) 


Somewhat pyramidal; 


Os calcis, 




Flexor brevis pollicis. 


[BNA] (cuboid). 


tuberosity. 


External cunei- 
form, 

Fourth and fifth 
metatarsal 
bones, 


arthro- 
dia. 




Cuneiform (of car- 
pus). 
Cuneiforme (os) 


See Triquetrum (os). 






Irregularly wedge-shaped ; 


Os naviculare 




Tibialis anticus and posticus. 


primum [BNA] 


the largest of the three. 


pedis, 






(internal cunei- 




Cuneiforme se- 


avtltYO- 




form). 




cundum, 


dia. 








First and second 








metatarsal 










bones, 






Cuneiforme (os) 


Wed ge-shaped ; smallest 


Os naviculare 




Tibialis posticus. 


secundum [BNA] 


of the three. 


pedis, 






(middle cunei- 




Cuneiforme pri- 






form). 




mum, 

Cuneiforme ter- 
tium, 

Second metatar- 
sal, 


arthro- 
' dia. 




Cuneiforme (os) 


Wedge-shaped. 


Os naviculare 




Tibialis posticus, flexor brevis 


tertium [BNA] 




pedis, 




pollicis. 


(external cunei- 




Cuneiforme se- 






form). 




cundum, 
Os cuboideum, 


arlhro- 
' dia. 








Second, third. 








and fourth 










metatarsal 










bones, 






Epistropheus [BNA] 


Second cervical vertebra; 


First cervical vertebra — 


Longus colli, check ligaments 


(axis). 


body, odontoid process, 


diarthrodia rotatoria and 






pedicles, laminae, spin- 


double arthrodia. 






ous process, transverse 


Third cervical vertebra — 






processes, articular sur- 


double arthrodia. 






faces'. 






Ethmoidale (os) 


Irregularly cubic; situated 


Os sphenoidale , 




None. 


[BNA] (ethmoid). 


at anterior part of base 
of skull; horizontal or 
cribriform plate, perpen- 


Two sphenoid — 

turbinated, 
Frontal, 








dicular plate, two lateral 


Two nasal, 


synar- 






masses, crista galli. 


Two maxillary, 
Two lacrimal, 
Ossa palatinum, 
Conchee nasalis 

inferior, 
Vomer, 


> thro- 
dia. 




Femur [BNA]. 


Cylindrical; longest, larg- 


Os coxae — enarthrodia. 


Gluteus medius, gluteus mini- 




est, and strongest bone in 


Tibia — ginglymus. 


mus, pyriformis, obturator 




the body; shaft and two 


Patella — arthrodia. 


internus, obturator externus, 




extremities, head, neck, 




gemellus superior, gemellus 




greater and lesser tro- 




inferior, quadratus femoris, 




chanters, linea aspera, 




psoas magnus, iliacus, vastus 




condyles; a long bone. 




externus, gluteus maximus, 
short head of the biceps, 
vastus internus, adductor 
magnus, pectineus, adductor 
brevis, adductor longus, cru- 
reus, subcrureus, gastrocne- 
mius, plantaris, popliteus. 


Fibula [BNA]. 


Long bone; shaft, upper 


Tibia — arthrodia. 


Biceps, soleus, peroneus lon- 




extremity or head, lower 


Talus, with the tibia and 


gus, extensor longus digi- 




extremity or external 


fibula — ginglymus. 


torum, peroneus tertius, ex- 




malleolus. 




tensor proprius pollicis, tibi- 
alis posticus, flexor longus 








pollicis, peroneus brevis. 



BONES 



155 



BONES 



TABLE OF BONES.— (Continued.) 



Name. 


Principal Features. 


Articulations and 
Variety. 


Muscular and Ligamentous 
Attachments. 


Foot. 


Composed of tarsus, meta- 
tarsus, and phalanges 
(q. v.). 






Frontale (os) [BNA] 


The forehead bone; a flat 


Two parietal, 




Corrugator supercilii, orbicu- 


(frontal). 


bone; a frontal portion 


Sphenoid, 




laris palpebrarum, and tem- 




and an orbitonasal por- 


Ethmoid, 


synar- 


poral on each side. 




tion; frontal eminences, 


Two nasal, 


. thro- 






superciliary ridges, sup- 


Two maxillary, 


dia. 






raorbital arches, supra- 


Two lacrimal, 








orbital notches or fora- 


Ossa zygomatica, . 








mina, internal and ex- 








ternal angular processes, 








temporal ridges, nasal 








notch, nasal spine, nasal 






* 


eminence or glabella. 






Hamatum (os) 


Wedge-shaped; hook-like 


Os lunatum, 1 


Flexor brevis minimi digiti 


[BNA] (unciform). 


process; in lower row of 


Fourth and fifth atho _ 


flexor ossis metacarpi minimi 




carpus; short bone. 


metacarpal, } an ?f° 
Os triquetrum, 


digiti, anterior annular liga- 






ment. 






Os capitatum, J 




Hand. 


Composed of carpus, meta- 
carpus, and phalanges 
(ff. v.). 

Largest bone of upper ex- 






Humerus [BNA]. 


Scapula (glenoid cavity) — 


Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, 




tremity; long bone; a 


enarthrodia. 


teres minor, subscapularis, 




shaft and two extremi- 


Radius, } Singlymus. 


pectoralis major, latissimus 




ties. Upper extremity 


dorsi, deltoid, coracobrachi- 




presents a head, neck, 




alis, brachialis anticus, tri- 




and greater and lesser 




ceps, subanconeus, pronator 




tuberosities. Lower ex- 




radii teres, flexor carpi radi- 




tremity, trochlea, olecra- 




alis, palmaris longus, flexor 




non fossa, coronoid fossa, 




digitorum sublimis, flexor 




external and internal 




carpi ulnaris, supinator lon- 




condyles, supratrochlear 




gus, extensor carpi radialis 




foramen, supracondyloid 




longior, extensor carpi radi- 




ridges. 




alis brevior, extensor com- 
munis digitorum, extensor 
minimi digiti, extensor carpi 
ulnaris, supinator brevis, and 
anconeus. 


Hyoideum (os) 


A bony arch; irregular 


None. 


Sternohyoid, thyrohyoid, omo- 


[BNA] (hyoid). 


bone; a body, two 




hyoid, digastricus, stylohyoid, 




greater and two lesser 




mylohyoid, geniohyoid, genio- 




cornua. 




hyoglossus, hyoglossus, mid- 
dle constrictor of the pharynx. 


Ilium (os) [BNA] 


See Coxce (os). 






(ilium). 








Incus [BNA] (anvil). 


Resembles a bicuspid 


Malleus — arthrodia (trig- 


None. 




tooth with two roots, 


ger-joint) . 






body, and two processes. 


Stapes — arthrodia. 






The largest bone in the 






Inferior maxillary. 


See Mandibula. 






Inferior turbinated. 


See Concha nasalis inferior. 






Innominate. 


See Coxce (os). 






Ischii (os) [BNA] 


See Coxce (os). 






(ischium). 








Lacrimale (os) 


Small; situated at front 


Frontal, "l 


Tensor tarsi. 


[BNA] (lacrimal). 


part of inner wall of 


Ethmoid, 






orbit; resembles finger- 


Superior [ synarthro- 






nail; crest, lacrimal 


maxillary, ( dia. 






groove; flat bone. 


Inferior j 
turbinated, J 




Lingual. 


See Hyoideum (os). 






Lunatum (os) [BNA] 


Upper row of carpus; four 


Radius — condyloid. 




(semilunar). 


surfaces, crescentic out- 


Os capitatum, 1 






line. 


Os hamatum, 
Os triquetrum, > arthrodia. 
Os naviculare 
manus, J 




Magnum (os) . 


See Capilatum (os). 






Malar. 


See Zygomaticum (os). 






Malleus. 


Resembles a hammer; 


Incus — arthrodia (trigger- 


Tensor tympani. 




head, neck, handle or 


joint) . 






manubrium, processus 








gracilis, processus brevis; 








irregular. The second 








largest bone of the ear. 






Mandibula [BNA] 


Body and two rami; con- 


The two temporal bones — 


Levator menti, depressor labii 


(inferior maxillary ; 


tains the teeth of the 


bilateral condyloid — di- 


inferioris, depressor angud 


mandible). 


lower jaw; symphysis, 1 arthrodia. 


oris, platysma myoides, buc- 



BONES 



156 



BONES 



TABLE OF BONES.— (Continued.) 



Name. 



Mandibula (contin- 
ued). 



Maxilla [BNA] (su- 
perior maxillary). 



Metacarpalia (ossa) 
[BNA] (meta- 
carpal). 



Metatarsalia (ossa) 
[BNA] (meta- 
tarsal). 



Multangulum majus 
[BNA] (trape- 
zium). 



Multangulum minus 
[BNA] (trape- 
zoid). 



Nasale (os) [BNA] 
(nasal). 



Principal Features. 



mental process, mental 
foramen, coronoid and 
condyloid process, head, 
neck, sigmoid notch; 
irregular bone. 

Forms with its fellow the 
whole of the upper jaw; 
somewhat cuboidal; 
body and malar, nasal, 
alveolar and palatine 
processes; hollow (the 
antrum of Highmore or 
maxillary sinus), inci- 
sive or myrtiform fossa, 
canine fossa, canine emi- 
nence, infraorbital fora- 
men, posterior dental 
canals, maxillary tuber- 
osity, posterior palatine 
canal, infraorbital 
groove; irregular bone. 

Five in number; shaft, 
base, and head; long 
bones. 



Five in number; shaft, 
base, and head; long 
bones. 



In lower row of carpus; 
very irregular; six sur- 
faces, groove; short bone 



Smallest bone in second 
row of carpus; wedge- 
shaped; six surfaces; 
short bone. 



Oblong; forms with its 
fellow the bridge of the 
nose; nasal foramen, 
spine, crest; fiat bone. 



Articulations and 
Variety. 



Frontal, 




Ethmoid, 




Nasal, 




Os zygomati- 




cum, 


synar- 


Lacrimal, 


thro- 


Concha nasal is 


| dia. 


inferior, 




Palate, 




Fellow of oppo- 




site side, 





Second row of carpus — 
arthrodia. 
Phalanges — condyloid. 



Tarsus — arthrodia. 
Phalanges — condyloid. 



Os naviculare 


1 


manus, 




Multangulum 


1 arthro- 


minus, 


| dia. 


First and second 




metacarpal, 


J 


Os naviculare "1 




manus, 




Second metacar- 


arthro- 


pal, 


y dia. 


Multangulum 




ma] us, 




Os capitatum, _, 




Frontal, 


) 


Ethmoid, 


1 synar- 


Nasal (opposite), 


f thro- 


Maxillary, 


) dia. 



Muscular and Ligamentous 
Attachments. 



cinator, masseter, orbicularis 
oris, geniohyoglossus, genio- 
hyoideus, mylohyoideus, di- 
gastric, superior constrictor, 
temporal, internal pterygoid, 
external pterygoid. 
Orbicularis palpebrarum, obli- 
quus inferior oculi, levator 
labii superioris alaeque nasi, 
levator labii superioris pro- 
prius, levator anguli oris, 
compressor nasi, depressor 
ala? nasi, dilator naris pos- 
terior, masseter, buccinator, 
internal pterygoid, orbicu- 
laris oris. 



To the thumb — flexor and ex- 
tensor ossis metacarpi pol- 
licis, first dorsal interosseous. 

Second metacarpal bone — flexor 
carpi radialis, extensor carpi 
radialis longior, first and sec- 
ond dorsal interosseous, first 
palmar interosseous, flexor 
brevis pollieis (frequently). 

Third metacarpal — extensor 
carpi radialis brevior, flexor 
brevis pollieis, adductor pol- 
lieis, second and third dorsai 
interosseous. 

Fourth metacarpal — third and 
fourth dorsal and second 
palmar interosseous. 

Fifth metacarpal — extensor 
carpi ulnaris, flexor carpi 
ulnaris, flexor ossis metacarpi 
minimi digiti, fourth dorsal 
and third palmar interos- 
seous. 

First — tibialis anticus (part), 
peroneus longus, first dorsal 
interosseous. 

Second — adductor pollieis, first 
and second dorsal interos- 
seous, tibialis posticus (part). 

Third — adductor pollieis, se- 
cond and third dorsal and 
first plantar interosseous, 
tibialis posticus (part). 

Fourth — adductor pollieis, 
third and fourth dorsal and 
second plantar interosseous, 
tibialis posticus (part). 

Fifth — peroneus brevis, pero- 
neus tertius, flexor brevis 
minimi digiti, transversus 
pedis, fourth dorsal, and 
third plantar interosseous. 

Adductor pollieis, flexor ossis 
metacarpi pollieis, flexor bre- 
vis pollieis (part). 



Flexor brevis pollieis (part). 



BONES 



157 



BONES 



TABLE OF BONES.— (Continued.) 



Name. 



Naviculare (os) 
manus [BNA] 
(scaphoid of wrist). 



Naviculare (os) pedis 
[BNA] (scaphoid 
of ankle). 



Occipitale (os) [BNA1 
(occipital). 



Palatinum (os) 
[BNA] (palate). 



Parietale (os) [BNA] 
(parietal) . 



Patella [BNA]. 



Pelvis. 



Phalanges digitorum 
pedis [BNA] (phal- 
anges of foot). 



Principal Features. 



Largest bone of first row; 
boat-shaped; upper and 
outer part of carpus; four 
surfaces; tubercle; short 
bone. 



Or navicular bone; boat- 
shaped; inner side of 
tarsus, four surfaces, 
tuberosity; short bone. 

Back part and base of 
cranium; trapezoid in 
shape; outer and inner 
tables; external protub- 
erance, external occipital 
crest, superior and in- 
ferior curved lines, fora- 
men magnum, condyles, 
jugular process, anterior 
and posterior condyloid 
foramina, basilar pro- 
cess, pharyngeal spine, 
4 fossae on internal sur- 
face, internal occipital 
protuberance and crest, 
grooves for the cerebral 
sinuses, torcular hero- 
phili, jugular foramen; 
flat bone. 

Back part of nasal fossa; 
helps to form floor and 
outer wall of nose, the 
roof of mouth and floor 
of orbit, also spheno- 
maxillary and pterygoid 
fossae and the spheno- 
maxillary fissure ; L- 
shaped; inferior or hori- 
zontal plate, superior or 
vertical plate, posterior 
palatine canal, posterior 
spine, inferior and su- 
perior turbinated crests, 
maxillary process, ptery- 
goid process, accessory 
descending palatine ca- 
nals, orbital process, 
sphenoid process, sphe- 
nopalatine foramen. 

Form sides and roof of 
skull; irregular, quadri- 
lateral; two surfaces, 
four borders, four angles, 
parietal eminence, tem- 
poral ridge, parietal fora- 
men, furrows for cerebral 
sinuses, depressions for 
Pacchionian bodies; flat 
bone. 

Flat; triangular sesamoid; 
anterior part of knee- 
joint; two surfaces, three 
borders, apex; flat bone. 

Composed of two ossa 
coxae, os sacrum, and os 
coccygis (q. v.). 

Two of great toe, three of 
each of the others ; shaft, 
base, head; long bones. 



Articulations and 
Variety. 



Rad ius — condyloid 

Multangulum -» 
majus, 

Multangulum 
minus, j 

Os capitatum, 

Os lunatum, 

Talus, 

Cuneiform 
(three), 

Cuboid (occa- 
sionally), 

Parietal (two), 

Temporal (two) 

Sphenoid, 



arthro- 
dia. 



arthro- 
dia. 

) synar- 
> thro- 
) dia. 



Atlas — double arthrodia. 



Sphenoid, 
Ethmoid, 
Maxillary, 
Concha nasal is 

inferior, 
Vomer, 
Opposite palate, , 



synar- 
thro- 
dia. 



Muscular and Ligamentous 
Attachments. 



External lateral ligament of 
wrist. 



Tibialis posticus (part). 



Twelve pairs — occipitofron- 
talis, trapezius, sternomas- 
toid, complexus, biventer 
cervicis, splenius capitis, su- 
perior oblique, rectus capitis 
posticus, major and minor, 
rectus lateralis, rectus capitis 
anticus, major and minor, 
superior constrictor of the 
pharynx. 



Tensor palati, azygos uvulae, 
internal and external ptery- 
goid, superior constrictor of 
pharynx. 



Temporal. 



Opposite pari- 
etal 

Occipital, l*yj£- 

Frontal, f *">" 

Temporal, 
Sphenoid, 



Condyles of femur — partly Rectus, crureus, vastus in- 
arthrodial. tern us, vastus externus. 



First row with metatarsal 

and second phalanges — 

condyloid. 
Second of great 

toe with first 

phalanx; o f 

other toes, with I gingly- 

first and third | mus. 

phalanges, 
Third row with 

second row, 



First — great toe — inner tendon 

extensor brevis digitorum, 

abductor pollicis, adductor 

pollicis, flexor brevis pollicis, 

transversus pedis. 
Second toe — first and second 

dorsal interosseous, first lum- 

brical. 
Third toe — third dorsal and 

first plantar interosseous, 

second lumbrical. 
Fourth toe — fourth dorsal and 

second plantar interosseous, 

third lumbrical. 



BONES 



158 



BONES 



TABLE OF BONES— (Continued.) 



Name. 



Phalanges digitorum 
pedis (continued). 



Phalanges digitorum 
manus [BNA] 
(phalanges of 
hand). 



Pisiforme (os) [BNA] 
(pisiform). 



Pubis. 

Pyramidale (os). 
Radius [BNA]. 



Ribs. 

Sacrum (os) [BNA]. 



Scaphoid of carpus. 

Scaphoid of tarsus. 
Scapula [BNA]. 



Principal Features. 



Fourteen in number, 
three for each finger 
and two for thumb; 
shaft, head, base; long 
bones. 



Anterior and inner side of 
carpus; small; spherical; 
one articular facet; short 
bone. 

See Coxm (os). 

See Triquetrum (os). 

Outer side of forearm; 
shaft, head, neck, tuber- 
osity, lower extremity, 
oblique line, sigmoid 
cavity, styloid process. 



See Costa. 

Large triangular bone at 
lower part of vertebral 
column and upper and 
back part of pelvic 
cavity; composed of five 
vertebrae; base, pro- 
montory, four surfaces, 
apex, central canal, an- 
terior and posterior sa- 
cral foramina, lateral 
masses, laminae, articu- 
lar processes, sacral 
cornua, transverse pro- 
cesses, sacral groove, 
ala; irregular bone. 

See Naviculare (os) ma- 
nus. 

See Naviculare (os) pedis. 

Back part of shoulder; 
triangular; posterior as- 
pect and side of thorax; 
two surfaces, three bor- 
ders, three angles, sub- 



Articulations and 
Variety. 



First row with metacarpal 
bones and second row of 
phalanges — -condyloid. 

Second row with"! 
first and third I - z 
rows, Y mu* 

Third row with mus - 
second row, J 



Os triquetrum — arthrodia. 



Humerus — ginglymus. 
( superior — diar- 
I throdia rotatoria. 
middle — membran- 
ous. 

I inferior — diarthro- 
[ dia rotatoria. 
Os lunatum — condyloid. 



Ulna, 



Last lumbar 

vertebra, 
Coccyx, 
Ossa coxae 
(two), 



_ amphi- 
arthrodia. 



Humerus — enarthrodia. 
Clavicle — arthrodia. 



Muscular and Ligamentous 
Attachments. 



Fifth toe — flexor brevis minimi 
digiti, abductor minimi digiti, 
third plantar interosseous, 
fourth lumbrical. 

Second — great toe — extensor 
longus pollicis, flexor, longus 
pollicis. 

Other toes — flexor brevis digi- 
torum, one slip of common 
tendon of extensor longus 
and brevis digitorum. 

Third — two slips from the 
common tendon of the ex- 
tensor longus and extensor 
brevis digitorum, and flexor 
longus digitorum. 

Thumb — extensor primi inter- 
nodii pollicis, flexor brevis 
pollicis, . abductor pollicis, 
adductor pollicis, flexor lon- 
gus pollicis, extensor secundi 
internodii. 

First — index-finger — first dor- 
sal and first palmar inter- 
osseous. 

Middle finger — second and 
third dorsal interosseous." 

Ring finger — fourth dorsal and 
second palmar interosseous. 

Little finger — third palmar in- 
terosseous, flexor brevis mini- 
mi digiti, abductor minimi 
digiti. 

Second — to all — flexor sublimis 
digitorum and extensor com- 
munis digitorum; in addition. 

To index-finger — extensor in- 
dicis. 

To little finger — extensor mini- 
mi digiti. 

Third — flexor profundus digi- 
torum, extensor communis 
digitorum. 

Flexor carpi ulnaris, abductor 
minimi digiti, anterior annu- 
lar ligament. 



Biceps, supinator brevis, flexor 
sublimis digitorum, flexor 
longus pollicis, pronator 
quadratus, extensor ossis 
metacarpi pollicis, extensor 
primi internodii pollicis, 
pronator radii teres, supina- 
tor longus. 

Pyriformis, coccygeus, iliacus, 
gluteus maximus, latissimus 
dorsi, multifidus spinae, erec- 
tor spinae, extensor coccygis. 



Subscapularis, supraspinatus, 
infraspinatus, trapezius, del- 
toid, omohyoid, serratus 
magnus, levator anguli sca- 
pulae, rhomboideus major 



BONES 



159 



BONES 



TABLE OF BONES.— (Continued.) 



Name. 



Principal Features. 



Articulations and 
Variety. 



Muscular and Ligamentous 
Attachments. 



Scapula (continued). 



Semilunar. 
Sesamoid [BNA]. 



Sphenoidale (os) 
[BNA] (sphenoid). 



Sphenoid turbinated 
or sphenoid 
spongy bones. 



Stapes [BNA]. 



Sternum [BNA]. 



Superior maxillary. 
Talus [BNA] (astra- 
galus). 



Tarsus [BNA] 
(ankle). 



Temporale (os) 

[BNA] (temporal). 



scapular fossa, subsca- 
pular angle, dorsum, 
spine, supraspinous and 
infraspinous fossae, acro- 
mion process, glenoid 
cavity, neck, head, cora- 
coid process; flat bone. 

See Lunatum (os). 

Small, rounded masses, 
cartilaginous in early 
life, osseous in the adult; 
developed in tendons; 
inconstant, except patel- 
lae. 

Anterior part of base of 
skull; bat-shaped, with 
wings extended; body, 
two greater and two 
lesser wings, two ptery- 
goid processes, ethmoid 
spine, optic groove, optic 
foramen, olivary pro- 
cess, pituitary fossa, an- 
terior, middle, and pos- 
terior clinoid processes, 
sella turcica, carotid or 
cavernous groove, lin- 
gula, ethmoid crest, 
sphenoid cells or sinuses, 
sphenoid turbinated 

bones, rostrum, vaginal 
processes, pterygopala- 
tine canal, spinous pro- 
cesses, round foramen, 
oval foramen, foramen 
Vesalii, foramen spino- 
sum, pterygoid ridge, 
external orbital fora- 
mens, Vidian canal, 
pterygoid fossa, internal 
and external pterygoid 
plates, hamular process, 
scaphoid fossa. 

Situated at anterior and 
inferior part of body of 
sphenoid; exist as separ- 
ate pieces until puberty 
and occasionally are not 
joined in the adult. 

Resembles a stirrup; one 
of the ossicles of the 
tympanum; head, neck, 
two branches (crura) , 
base; irregular bone. 

The breast-bone ; manu- 
brium, gladiolus, ensi- 
form cartilage, or first, 
second, and third pieces, 
anterior and posterior 
surface, borders. 



All the bones of ] 

cranium, synar- 

Malar (two), > thro- 
Palate (two), dia. 

Vomer, J 



and minor, triceps, teres 
major and minor, biceps, 
coracobrachialis, pectoralis 
minor, platysma, latissimus 
dorsi. 



Temporal, external and in- 
ternal pterygoids, superior 
constrictor, tensor palati, 
levator tympani, levator pal- 
pebral, obliquus superior, 
superior, inferior, internal 
and external recti. 



f£™ d '} synarthrodia. 



Incus — arthrodia. 



Clavicles (two) — arthrodia. 

Costal cartilages (seven 
on each side) first — syn- 
arthrodia; others, arthro- 
dia. 



See Maxilla. 

Irregularly cubic; forms j Tibia, 
the keystone of arch of I Fibula, 



ginglymus. 



None. 



Stapedius. 



Pectoralis major, sternomas- 
toid, sternohyoid, sternothy- 
roid, triangularis sterni, apo- 
neuroses of the obliquus ex- 
ternus and internus and trans- 
versalis muscles, rectus, dia- 
phragm. 

Internal and external lateral 
ligaments. 



foot; head, neck, six Calcaneus 



articular surfaces. 

Consist of calcaneus, or 
os calcis, talus, cuboid, 
navicular, internal, mid- 
dle, and external cunei- 
form. See individual 
bones. 

Situated at side and base 
of skull; squamous, mas- 
toid and petrous por- 
tions, temporal ridge, 
zygoma or zygomatic 
process, eminentia ar- 
ticularis, glaserian fis- 
sure, tubercle, glenoid 
fossa, postglenoid pro- 



Os naviculare > arthrodia. 
pedis, J 



Occipital, 
Parietal, 
Sphenoid, 
Inferior maxil- 
lary, 
Malar, 



^synar- 
throdia. 



Temporal, masseter, occipito- 
frontalis, sternomastoid, 
splenius capitis, trachelo- 
mastoid, digastricus, retra- 
hens aurem, stylopharyn- 
geus, stylohyoideus, stylo- 
glossus, levator palati, tensor 
tympani, tensor palati, sta- 
pedius. 



BONES 



160 



BONES 



TABLE OF BONES.— (Continued.) 



Name. 



Temporale (contin- 
ued). 



Tibia [BNA]. 



Trapezium. 
Trapezoid. 
Triquetral. 
Triquetrum (os) 

[BNA] (cuneiform 

of carpus). 



Turbinate, inferior. 
Turbinate, middle. 



Turbinate, superior. 

Tympanic. 
Ulna [BNA]. 



Unciform. 
Vertebra [BNA]. 



Principal Features. 



cess, tympanic plate, 
mastoid foramen, digas- 
tric fossa, occipital 
groove, sigmoid fossa, 
mastoid cells, meatus 
auditorius externus, hi- 
atus Fallopii, meatus 
auditorius internus, lam- 
ina cribrosa, aquaeduc- 
tus vestibuli, styloid 
process, stylomastoid 
foramen, auricular fis- 
sure; irregular bone. 

At front and inner side of 
leg; next to femur in 
length and size; pris- 
moid in form; upper 
extremity or head, tuber- 
osities, spinous process, 
tubercle, popliteal notch, 
shaft, crest (the shin), 
oblique line, internal 
malleolus: long bone. 

See Multangulum majus. 

See Multangulum minus. 

See Wormian. 

Pyramidal. 



See Concha nasalis inferior, 

The free convoluted mar- 
gin of the thin lamella 
that descends from the 
under surface of the 
cirbriform plate of the 
ethmoid bone. 

The thin curved plate of 
the ethmoid that bounds 
the superior meatus of 
the nose above. 

Includes the incus, mal- 
leus, and stapes (q. v.). 

Inner side of forearm, 
parallel with radius ; 
prismatic; shaft and two 
extremities, olecranon 
process, coronoid pro- 
cess, greater and lesser 
sigmoid cavities, ob- 
lique ridge, perpendicu- 
lar line, head or lower 
extremity, styloid pro- 
cess; long bone. 

See Hamatum (os). 

Twenty-six; cervical sev- 
en, dorsal twelve, lum- 
bar five, sacrum (com- 
posed of five), coccyx 
(composed of four) ; each 
has a body and an arch; 
latter has two pedicles, 
two lamina?, and seven 
processes, viz.: four ar- 
ticular, two transverse, 
one spinous). Peculiar 
vertebrae, first, second, 
and seventh cervical; 
first, ninth, tenth, elev- 
enth, and twelfth dorsal, 
sacrum, coccyx; irregu- 
lar bones. 



Articulations and 
Variety. 



Femur — ginglymus. 

{superior — ar- 
throdia. 
middle— mem- 
branous. 
inferior — arthro- 
dia. 
Talus with fibula — gingly- 
mus. 



Os lunatum, "1 
Pisiform, j 

Os hamatum, Varthro- 
Interarticular dia. 

fibrocartilage.J 



Humerus — ginglymus. 

"superior — diar- 
throdia rotato- 
ria. 

Radius, .J middle — mem- 
branous. 
inferior — diar- 
throdia rotato- 



Articulate with each 
other, and with occipital 
and innominate bones 
and ribs (q. v.). 

Intervertebral articula- 
tions, between the bod- 
ies — amphiarthrodia. 

Between articular pro- 
cesses — arthrodia. 



Muscular and Ligamentous 
Attachments. 



Semimembranosus, tibialis an- 
ticus, extensor longus digi- 
torum, biceps, sartorius, 
gracilis, semitendinosus, tibi- 
alis anticus, popliteus, soleus, 
flexor longus digitorum, tibi- 
alis posticus, ligamentum 
patellae. 



Triceps, anconeus, flexor carpi 
ulnaris, brachialis anticus, 
pronator radii teres, flexor 
sublimis digitorum, flexor 
profundus digitorum, flexor 
longus pollicis (occasionally), 
pronator quadratus, supi- 
nator brevis, extensor ossis, 
metacar^i pollicis, extensor 
secundi internodii pollicis, 
extensor indicis, extensor 
carpi ulnaris. 

Attachment of muscles. — To 
the atlas are attached nine 
pairs: the longus colli, rectus 
anticus minor, rectus later- 
alis, rectus posticus minor, 
obliquus superior and in- 
ferior, splenius colli, levator 
anguli scapulae, and first 
intertransverse. 

To the axis are attached eleven 
pairs: the longus colli, ob- 
liquus inferior, rectus posti- 
cus major, semispinalis colli, 
multifidus spinae, levator 
anguli scapulae, splenius colli, 
scalenus medius, transvers- 
alis colli, intertransversales, 
interspinales. 

To the remaining vertebrce 
generally are attached thirty- 
five pairs and a single 
muscle : anteriorly, the rectus 
anticus major, longus colli, 
scalenus anticus, medius, and 



BONES 



161 



BONES 



TABLE OF BONES.— {Continued.) 



Name. 



Principal Features. 



Articulations and 
Variety. 



Muscular and Ligamentous 
Attachments. 



Vertebra (continued). 



Vomer [BNA]. 



Wormian. 



Zygomaticum (os) 
[BNA] (os malae, 
the malar or cheek 
bone). 



Situated vertically at back 
part of nasal fossa?; 
forms part of septum 
of nose; somewhat like a 
plowshare; two surfaces 
and four borders. 

Supernumerary bones; ir- 
regular, inconstant, iso- 
lated, interposed be- 
tween the cranial bones, 
most frequently in the 
lambdoid suture. 

Small; quadrangular; at 
upper and outer part of 
face; forms prominence 
of cheek, part of outer 
wall and floor of orbit, 
part of temporal and 
zygomatic fossae; fron- 
tal, orbital, maxillary 
and zygomatic processes, 
malar foramen, four bor- 
ders; irregular bone. 



Sphenoid, 

Ethmoid, 

Superior maxil- 
lary (two), 

Palate (two), 

Cartilage of the 
septum. 



synar- 

■ thro- 

dia. 



Frontal, 
Sphenoid, 
Temporal, , 
Maxillary, J 



posticus, psoas magnus, psoas 
parvus, quadratus lumborum 
diaphragm, obliquus internus 
and transversalis, posteriorly, 
the trapezius, latissimus dor- 
si, levator anguli scapula?, 
rhomboideus major and min- 
or, serratus posticus superior 
and inferior, splenius, erector 
spinse, sacrolumbalis, longis- 
simus dorsi, spinalis dorsi, 
cervicalis ascendens, trans- 
versalis colli, trachelomas- 
toid, complexus, biventer 
cervicis, semispinalis dorsi 
and colli, multifidus spina?, 
rotatores spinae interspinales, 
supraspinales, intertransver- 
sales, levatores costarum. 



■ synarthrodia. 



Levator labii superioris pro- 
prius, zygomaticus major 
and minor, masseter, tem- 
poral. 



BOROTARTROL 



162 



BOUGIE 



borotartrol (bo-ro-tar'-trol). A mixture of neutral 
sodium tartrate and boric acid. 

Borsch's bandage (borsh). A bandage specially- 
arranged to cover one eye only. See page 126. 

Borsieri's line (bor-se-a'-re). In the early stage of 
scarlatina, a line drawn on the skin with the finger- 
nail leaves a white mark which quickly turns red 
and becomes smaller in size. 

borsyl (bor'-sil). A proprietary dusting-powder for 
perspiring feet, said to consist of borax, boric acid, 
talcum, and spermaceti. 

boss (bos) [ME., boce]. A wide, more or less circular 
protuberance, as on the skull or on a tumor, b., 
parietal. See eminence, parietal, b., Pott's. See 
Pott's curvature, b., sanguineous. 1. A swelling due 
to a contusion and containing extravasated blood. 
2. See caput succedaneum. 

bossed (bosd). Having a prominent center on a 
circular flat surface. 

bosselated (bos'-el-a-ted) [boss]. Covered with 
bosses or small nodules. 

Bostock's catarrh (bos'-tok) [John Bostock, English 
physician, 1773-1846]. Hay-fever. 

Boston's reaction for Bence- Jones' albumose. 
It depends upon the presence in the albumose of 
loosely combined sulphur: (1) 15 to 20 Cc. of filtered 
urine are placed in a test-tube and to it an equal 
quantity of saturated solution of sodium chloride is 
added, and the whole shaken; (2) 2 or 3 Cc. of a 30 % 
solution of caustic soda are now added and shaken 
vigorously; (3) the upper one-fourth of the column 
of liquid is gradually heated over the flame of a 
Bunsen burner to the boiling-point, whereupon a 
solution of lead acetate (10 %) is added, drop by 
drop, boiling the upper previously heated stratum 
of liquid after each additional drop; (4) when the 
drop of lead acetate comes in contact with the liquid, 
a copious pearly or cream-colored cloud appears at 
the surface, which becomes less dense as the boiling- 
point is reached; and when boiling is prolonged for 
one-half to one minute, the upper stratum shows a 
slight browning, which deepens to a dull black. 
This lessens in intensity toward the bottom of the 
tube. After standing the reaction becomes intensi- 
fied, and a black precipitate falls through the clear 
liquid and collects at the bottom of the tube. 

bostryx (bos'-triks) [/36<rrpi>x°J. a curl]. In biology, 
a helicoid cyme. 

bot (bot) [botus, a belly-worm]. The larva of 
certain species of flies of the genus CEstrus, which are 
conveyed into the stomach of man, where they hatch. 
Also the threadworm, Oxyuris vermicularis. 

Botal's duct, Botallo, duct of (bo'-tal, io-tal'-o) 
[Leonardo Botallo, Italian anatomist, 1530- ]. 
Ductus arteriosus Botalli. A short vessel in the 
fetus between the main pulmonary artery and the 
aorta. B., foramen of, the foramen ovale in the 
interauricular septum of the fetal heart. B., liga- 
ment of, the remains of Botal's duct. 

botalismus (bot-al-iz'-mus) . See botulism. 

botanic (bo-tan'-ik) [fioravr), an herb]. Pertaining 
to botany, b. physician, a title assumed by certain 
persons who profess to use only vegetable remedies. 
See eclectic. 

botany (bot'-an-e) [fforavrj, an herb]. The science 
of plants — their classification and structure. 

bothrenchyma (both-ren'-ke-mah) [fiodpiov, a pit; 
iyxetiv, to pour in]. Pitted tissue. 

bothria (both'-re-ah) [L.]. Plural of bothrion, or of 
bothrium. 

Bothriocephalus (both-fe-o-sef '-al-us) [bothrion; 
Ke<f>a\r), a head]. A genus of tape-worms. B. latus, 
the fish tape-worm, a common parasite of man in 
certain European localities. It may reach 25 feet 
in length, with a breadth of three-fourths of an inch. 
Syn., Dibothrium latum; Tcenia lata. 

bothrioid (both'-re-oid) [bothrion; elSos, likeness]. 
Pitted; foveolated; covered with pit-like markings. 

bothrion (both'-re-on) [fioOplov, a pit]. 1. A small 
cavity; the socket of a tooth. 2. A facet, or fosset, 
such as is seen upon the head of most of the tape- 
worms. 3- A deep corneal ulcer. 

bothrium (both'-re-um). See bothrion. 

botryoid (bot'-re-oid) fj96rpus, a bunch of grapes; 
€"5os, likeness]. Resembling in shape a bunch of 
grapes. 

Botryomyces (bot-re-o-mi'-sez) [fiorpvs, a bunch of 
grapes; /iukjjs, a fungus; pi., botryomyceles]. A general 
term for those fungi which occur in grape-like clusters. 
B. equi, the specific microorganism of botriomycosis. 



botryomycoma (bot-re-o-mi-ko'-mah) [06rpvs, a 
bunch of grapes; y-vK-qs, a fungus]. A tumor occurring 
in animals or persons affected with botryomycosis. 

botryomycosis (bot-re-o-mi-ko'-sis) [see Botry- 
omyces], A disease of horses in which fibromatous 
nodules form in the lungs. It is supposed to be 
caused by a microorganism called Botryomyces; 
it is communicable to man. 

botryomycotic (bot-re-o-mi-kot'-ik) . Relating to or 
affected with botryomycosis. 

botryophyma (bot-re-o-fi'-mah) [Porpvs, a bunch of 
grapes; <j>vp,a, a growth]. A vascular, fungus-like 
growth from the skin. b. cseruleum, a form having 
a blue coloration, b. rubrum, a form having a red 
color. 

botryotherapy (bot-re-o-ther'-a-pe) [pdrpvs, a bunch 
of grapes; depawevtiv, to heal]. The grape-cure; 
treatment by an almost exclusive diet of grapes. 

Botrytis (bot-ri'-tis) [fiorpvs, a bunch of grapes]. 
A genus of fungi. B. bassiane, a mold causing 
muscardine, a disease of silkworms. 

Bottcher's cells, B.'s crystals. See under Boettcher. 

Bottger's test. See Boettger's test. 

Bottini's operation (bot-te'-ne) [Enrico Bottini, 
Italian surgeon, 1837-1903]. For enlarged prostate 
gland; a fresh channel is bored through the substance 
of the gland by means of the galvano-cautery. 

bottle (bot'-l) [ME., botel; Fr., bouteille]. A vessel, 
usually of glass, with a narrow neck, b., feeding, 
a fiat flask with a nipple of India-rubber attached, 
used for feeding infants, b. nose, a common name 
for Acne rosacea, b., specific gravity, a Florence flask 
graduated to contain 500-1000 grains of water, with 
the weight of which an equal volume of any other 
liquid may be compared, b.-stoop, in pharmacy, 
a block so grooved that it serves to hold a wide- 
mouthed bottle in an oblique position while a powder 
is being dispensed from it. b.-wax, a hard, stiff 
variety of wax used in sealing bottles. 

botulin (bot'-u-lin). See botulismotoxin. 

botulism, botulismus (bot'-u-lizm, bot-u-liz'-mus) 
[botulus, a sausage]. Sausage-poisoning. 

botulismotoxin (bot-u-liz-mo-toks'-in). A toxic 
albumose of poisonous meat produced by Bacillus 
botulinus, van Ermengem. Syn., botulin; botulinic 
acid. 

Bouchard's coefficient (boo-shar) [Charles Jacques 
Bouchard, French physician, 1837- ]. The ratio 
existing between the amount of urea and the sum- 
total of the solids in the urine — approximately 50. 
B.'s disease, dilation of the stomach due to deficient 
function of the gastric muscular fibers. B.'s nodosi- 
ties, enlargement of the second phalangeal joints 
of the fingers, associated with dilation of the stomach. 
B.'s treatment of obesity, a daily diet of 1250 Gm. 
of milk and 5 eggs divided into 5 meals. 

Bouchardat's test (boo-shar-dah') [Apollinaire 
Bouchardat, French chemist, 1 806-1 886]. For 
alkaloids. — When potassium triiodide is added to 
any alkaloid in solution a brown precipitate results; 
this latter is soluble in alcohol. 

Bouchut's tubes (boo-shoo') [Jean Eugene Bouchut, 
French physician, 1818-1891]. A variety of tubes 
for intubation of the larynx. , 

Boudin's law (boo-dan') [Jean Christian Marc 
Frangois Joseph Boudin, French physician, 1806- 
1867]. The poisons of malaria and tuberculosis are 
antagonistic. This law is not founded upon fact. 

Bougard's paste (boo-gar') [Jean Joseph Bougard, 
French physician, 1815-1884]. A caustic paste 
containing mercury bichloride, zinc chloride, arsenic, 
cinnabar, starch, and wheat-flour. 

bougie (boo-zhe') [Fr., "a candle"]. 1. A slender 
cylindric instrument made of waxed silk, catgut, 
etc., for introduction into the urethra or other passage, 
for the purpose of dilation, exploration, etc. 2. A 
suppository, b. a boule. See b., bulbous, b. a 
empreinte, one with a waxy substance adherent to 
its point, by means of which an impression of the 
stricture may be taken, b., armed, a bougie with 
a piece of silver nitrate or other caustic attached to 
its extremity, b., bulbous, a bougie with a bulbous 
tip. b., caustic, b., cauterizant. See b., armed. 
b., emplastic. 1. See b. a empreinte. 2. A flexible 
bougie coated with a mixture of wax, diachylon, and 
olive-oil. b., filiform, a whalebone or other bougie 
of very small diameter, b., fusiform, one with a 
spindle-shaped shaft, b., medicated. 1. A bougie 
charged with some medicament. 2. A medicated 
suppository, b., rosary, a beaded bougie used in a 



BOUGINAGE 



163 



BRACHIOFACIAL 



strictured urethra, b., soluble, a suppository com- 
posed of substances dissolving at body-temperature. 
b., whip-, one with filiform end gradually increasing 
in thickness. 

bouginage (boo-zhe-nahzh') . Dilatation with a 
bougie. 

bouhou (boo-hoo'). See boohoo. 

Bouillaud's disease {boo-e-yo') [Jean Baptiste 
Bouillaud, French physician, 1796-1881]. Infective 
endocarditis. B.'s metallic tinkling, a peculiar clink 
sometimes heard to the right of the apex-beat in 
cardiac hypertrophy. 

bouillon (boo-e-yon(g)) [Fr.]. 1. A broth made 
by boiling meat, usually beef, in water. 2. A liquid 
nutritive medium for the culture of microorganisms, 
prepared from finely chopped beef or beef-extract. 

boulimia (boo-lim'-e-ah). See bulimia. 

Boulton's solution. A compound tincture of 
iodine, phenol, glycerol, and distilled water; it is 
used for spraying in rhinitis. 

bouquet (boo-ka') [Fr.]. 1. In anatomy, a cluster 
of nerves, blood-vessels, or muscles. 2. The delicate 
perfume and flavor of good wine. 3. The odor char- 
acteristic of a disease. 

Bourdin's paste (boor-dan') [Claude Etienne Bour- 
din, French physician, 19th cent.]. An" escharotic 
mixture of nitric acid with flowers of sulphur. 

bourdonet (boor-don-a') . An ovoid mass of lint. 

bourdonnement (boor-dun-mon(g)) [Fr., b&urdonner, 
to buzz]. Any buzzing sound. The murmur that is 
heard when the stethoscope is applied to any part 
of the body. It is thought to result from contraction 
of the muscular fibrils. 

Bourget's test (boor-zha') [Louis Bourget, Swiss 
chemist]. For iodine or iodides. — Filter paper is 
impregnated with starch solution and then moistened 
with a 5 per cent, solution of ammonium sulphate; 
on being subsequently made wet with a solution 
containing iodine, it strikes a deep blue color. 

boutonniere (boo-ton-ne-air') [Fr., buttonhole]. 

1. A buttonhole-like incision. 2. External urethro- 
tomy. 

boutons terminals (boo'-ton(g) ter-me-nal) . Small 
terminal enlargements or tactile-cells of sensory 
nerves, as in the nose of the guinea pig and mole. 

Bouveret's disease (boo'-ver-a). Paroxysmal 
tachycardia. B.'s sign in intestinal obstruction, 
this sign is applicable only to the large gut: great 
distention of the cecum and a large elevation in 
the right iliac fossa. 

bovillse (bo-vil'-e) [L.]. Measles. 

bovin (Jbo'-viri) [bos, ox]. A modified virus derived 
from the tubercle bacillus, of greater virulence than 
bovovaccine. 

bovine (bo'-vin) [bovinus, of an ox], 1. Ox-like. 

2. Relating to, or derived from a cow or ox or heifer. 
b. heart, the immensely hypertrophied heart of aortic 
valvular disease, b. hunger, bulimia, b. lymph, 
vaccine virus from cows. 

bovinine (bo'-vin-in) [see bovine]. A proprietary 
preparation of beef used as a food for invalids and 
convalescents. 

Bovista (bo-vis'-tah) [L.]. 1. A genus of fungi 
closely allied to Lycoperdon; some of the species are 
edible. 2. The Lycoperdon bovista, a fungus or 
puff ball. When dry it is a good styptic, and its 
tincture has been used in nervous diseases. 

bovovaccine (bo-vo-vak'-sin) [bovine; vaccine]. An 
extract of tubercle bacilli used for protection against 
bovine tuberculosis. 

bovox (bo' -vox). A proprietary essence or extract 
of beef. 

bovril (bov'-rit). Trade name of a preparation 
containing extract of beef, peptone, albumin, and 
fibrin. 

Bowdichia (bo-dich'-e-ah) [Edward Bowdich, an 
English naturalist]. A genus of plants of the order 
LeguminoscB. B. virgilioides is a South American 
tree, of which the bark (alchornoque or alcornoque 
bark) is diaphoretic, roborant, and antisyphilitic. 

Bowditch's law (bo'-ditch) [Henry Pickering 
Bowdilch, American physiologist, 1840-19 11]. Any 
stimulus which is capable of exciting the heart at all 
will produce as great a response as the strongest 
stimulus. 

bowel (bow' -el) [OF., boel, from L., botellus, a 
sausage]. The intestine, b.-complaint, diarrhea. 
b., lower, the rectum. 

bow-leg [ME., bowe]. An arching outward of the 
lower limbs. See genu varum. 



Bowman's capsule (bo' -man) [Sir William Bowman, 
English anatomist and ophthalmologist, 1816-1892]. 
The expanded portion forming the beginning of a 
uriniferous tubule. B.'s discs, the products of a 
breaking up of muscle-fibers in the direction of the 
transverse striations. B.'s glands, glands found in 
the olfactory mucous membrane. B.'s membrane, 
a thin, homogeneous membrane representing the 
uppermost layer of the stroma of the cornea, with 
which it is intimately connected. B.'s muscle, 
origin; 1. Longitudinal portion (Brucke's muscle): 
junction of cornea and sclera; 2. Circular portion 
(Mueller's muscle) : the fibers form a circle; insertion; 
1. Outer layers of choroid. 2. Ciliary processes; 
innervation, ciliary; it is the muscle of visual accommo- 
dation. B.'s probe, a probe used in dilating strictures 
of the lacrimal duct. B.'s sarcous elements, muscle- 
caskets; the small elongated prisms of contractile 
substance that produce the appearance of dark 
stripes in voluntary muscle. B.'s tubes, artificial 
tubes formed between the lamellae of the cornea by 
the injection of air or colored fluid. 

Bowman-Mueller's capsule. See Bowman's cap- 
sule. 

box, boxwood (boks, boks'-wood). See buxus. 

Boyer's bursa (bwoi-ya') [Alexis Boyer, French 
surgeon, 1757-1833]- The subhyoid bursa. B.'s 
cyst, cystic enlargement of the subhyoid bursa. 

Boyle's law (boil) [Robert Boyle, English physicist, 
1627-1691]. At any given temperature the volume 
of a given mass of gas varies inversely as the pressure 
it bears. Syn., Mariotie's law. 

Bozeman's catheter (boz'-man) [Nathan Bozeman, 
American surgeon, 1825-1905]. A double-current 
catheter. 

Bozzi's foramen (bot'-tze). See Soemmering' s 
yellow spot. 

Bozzolo's sign (bot-tzo'-lo) [Camillo Bozzolo, 
Italian physician, 1845- ]. Visible pulsation of 
the arteries of the nares, said to occur in some cases 
of aneurysm of the thoracic aorta. 

B. P. or B. Ph. Abbreviation for British Pharma- 
copeia. 

B. P. C. Abbreviation for British Pharmaceutical 
Codex. 

Br. Chemical symbol of bromine. 

bracelets (bras' -lets). Transverse lines across the 
anterior aspect of the wrist. 

Brachet, mesolateral fold of (brash-a'). The 
right lamella of the primitive mesentery which passes 
to the dorsal aspect of the right lobe of the liver and 
whose free edge bounds the foramen of Winslow. 

brachia (bra'-ke-ah). Plural of brachium. 

brachia conjunctiva. White fibers passing from 
the cerebellum towards the corpora quadrigemina 
and the cerebral hemispheres. 

brachial (bra'-ke-al) [brachium]. Pertaining to the 
arm. b. artery, the continuation of the axillary 
artery, extending along the inner side of the arm. 
See under artery, b. glands, the lymphatic glands 
of the arm. b. plexus, the plexus of the fifth, sixth, 
seventh, and eighth cervical and the first dorsal 
nerves, b. veins, the veins of the arm that accom- 
pany the brachial artery. 

brachiafgia (bra-ke-al'-je-ah) [brachium; SXyos, 
pain]. Pain or neuralgia in the arm or in the brachial 
plexus. 

brachialis anticus (bra-ke-a'-lis an'-tik-us). See 
muscles, table of. 

brachiform (bra'-ke-form) [brachium; forma, form]. 
Arm-shaped. 

brachinin (brak'-in-in). A substance obtained 
from the bombardier-beetle, Brachinus crepitans, of 
Europe. It is said to be efficacious against rheu- 
matism. _ 

brachio- (bra-ke-o-) [brachium]. A prefix meaning 
pertaining to the brachium. 

brachiocephalic (bra-ke-o-sef-al'-ik) [brachio-; 
Ke<j>a\fi, head]. Pertaining to the arm and the head. 
b. artery, b. vein, the innominate artery and vein. 

brachiocrural (bra-ke-o-kru'-ral) [brachio-; crus, 
the leg]. Pertaining to or affecting the arm and leg. 

brachiocubital (bra-ke-o-kii'-bit-al) [brachio-; cubi- 
tus, forearm]. Relating to the arm and forearm, as, 
the brachiocubital ligament. 

brachiocyllosis (bra-ke-o-sil-o'-sis) [brachio-; kv\- 
Aioxj-is, a bending]. A crookedness of the arm; also 
the paralysis that may accompany it. 

brachiofacial (bra-ke-o-fa'-shal). Pertaining to 
both arm and face. 



BRACHIOFASCIALIS 



164 



BRAN 



brachiofascialis (bra-ke-o-fas-e-a'-lis) [brachio-; 
fascia, a bundle]. See under muscles. 

brachioncus (bra-ke-ong'-kus) [brachio-; ojkos, a 
swelling]. Any hard and chronic swelling of the 
arm. 

bracbioradial (bra-ke-o-ra'-de-al) [brachio-; radius]. 
The supinator longus muscle. See muscles, table of. 

brachiorrhachidian, brachiorachidian (brak-e-o- 
rak-id'-e-an) [brachio-; paxis, the spinal column]. 
Relating to the arm and the spinal cord. 

brachiorrheuma (bra-ke-o-ru'-mah) [brachio-; peO/za, 
a flux]. Rheumatism of the arm. 

brachiostrophosis (bra-ke-o-stro-fo'-sis) [brachio-; 
(TTpkfaLv, to turn], A twist or twisted deformity of 
the arm. 

brachiotomy (bra-ke-ot'-o-me) [brachio-; ropA\, a 
section]. The surgical or obstetrical removal of an 
arm. 

brachiplex (bra'-ke-pleks) [Ppaxiuiv, the arm; 
plexus, a twining]. The brachial plexus. 

brachistocephalic, or brachistocephalous (bra-kis- 
to-sef-al'-ik, or bra-kis-to-sef'-al-us) [/SpdxicTos, short- 
ness; Ke<£aXi7, head]. Having an extremely short 
and very broad head. 

brachium (bra'-ke-um) [^paxlw, the arm; pi., 
brachia]. The arm, especially the upper arm; also, 
any arm-like object or structure, brachia cerebelli, 
the peduncles of the cerebellum, brachia cerebri, 
b. of optic lobes, the bands connecting the nates 
and testes with the optic thalamus, b. conjunctivum 
cerebelli, same as b. copulativum. b. copulativum, 
the superior peduncle of the cerebellum, b. pontis, 
the brachium of the pons, being also the middle 
peduncle of the cerebellum, b. quadrigeminum 
inferius, the postbrachium, a white band connecting 
the postgeniculum to the postgeminum. b. quad- 
rigeminum superius, the prebrachium, a white 
band between the pregeminum and the thalamus. 

Brach-Romberg's sign. See Romberg's sign. 

brachy- (brak-e-) [fipaxvs, short]. A prefix mean- 
ing short. 

brachycardia (brak-e-kar'-de-ah). Same as brady- 
cardia. 

brachycephalia (brak-e-sef-a'-le-ah) [brachy-; ice<pa\r), 
a head]. The quality of being brachy cephalic. 

brachycephalic, brachycephalous (brak-e-sef-al'-ik, 
brak-e-sef'-al-us) [brachy-; ne<j>dkri, a head], i. Ap- 
plied to skulls of an egg-like shape, with the larger 
end behind. 2. Having a skull the transverse dia- 
meter of which is more than eight-tenths of the 
long diameter. 

brachycephalism (brak-e-sef'-al-izm). See brachy- 
cephalia. 

brachycephaly (brak-e-sef'-a-le). See brachyceph- 
alia. 

brachycheirous, brachychirous (brak-e-ki'-rus) 
[brachy-; x«p> the hand]. Having short hands. 

brachycnemic, brachyknemic (brak-e-ne'-mik) 
[brachy-; Kvi]p.i\, the leg]. A term applied by Sir 
W. Turner to a leg proportionately shorter than the 
thigh. 

brachydactylia (brak-e-dak-til'-e-ah) [brachy-; 86x- 
rvXos, a digit]. Abnormal shortness of the fingers or 
toes. 

brachydactylous (brak-e-dak'-til-us) [brachy-; 8ax- 
tvXos, a finger]. Pertaining to an abnormal short- 
ness of the fingers or toes. 

brachyglossal (brak-e-glos'-al) [brachy-; y\a>o-o-a, 
tongue]. Having a short tongue. 

brachygnathous, brachygnathus (brak-e-na'-thus). 
[brachy-; yvados, a jaw]. Having short jaws. 

brachyhieric (brak-e-hi'-e-rik) [brachy-; Updv, 
sacrum]. Having a short sacrum. 

brachykerkic (brak-e-kerk'-ik) [brachy-; Kepds, a 
shuttle]. Having the forearm disproportionately 
short as compared with the upper arm. 

brachymetropia (brak-e-me-tro'-pe-ah) [brachy-; 
ixkrpov, a measure; &^, the eye], nearsightedness or 
myopia q. v. 

brachymetropic (brak-e-me-trop'-ik) [brachy-; fierpov, 
a measure; &ip, the eye]. Nearsighted, or myopic. 

brachynosis, brachynsis (brak-in-o'-sis, brak-in'- 
sis) [brachy-; vbaos, disease]. The contraction or 
shortening of an organ or part by disease. 

brachyntic (brak-in'-tik). Related to or affected 
with brachynosis. 

brachyotus (brak-e-o'-tus) [brachy-; oiis, the ear]. 
Short-eared. 

brachypnea (brak-ip-ne'-ah) [brachy-; irvolr\, breath]. 
Abnormal shortness of breath. 



brachypodous (brak-ip'-o-dus) [brachy-; irbvs, foot]. 
In biology, possessing a short foot or stalk. 

brachyrrbinia {brak-e-rin'-e-ah) [brachy-; pis, a 
nose]. Abnormal shortness of the nose. 

brachystaphylic (brak-e-staf'-il-ik) [brachy-; 
<rTa4>v\r), the palate]. Having a short alveolar arch. 

bracket (brak'-et) [OF., braguette). An apparatus 
for supporting a joint or rendering it immovable. 

bradesthesia (brad-es-the'-ze-ah). See bradyesthesia. 

brady- (brad-e-) [fipadbs, slow]. A prefix meaning 
slow. 

bradyarthria (brad-e-ar'-thre-ah) [brady-; apdpov, 
articulation]. Abnormally slow articulation of 
words: bradylalia. 

bradybolism (brad-ib'-o-lizm) [brady-; /3dXXew, to 
throw]. Same as bradyspermatism. 

bradycardia (brad-e-kar'-de-ah) [brady-; xapSla, 
heart]. Slowness of the heart-beat — the opposite of 
tachycardia. 

bradycauma (brad-e-kaw'-mah) [brady-; Kavfia, 
burn: pi., bradycaumata]. Slow cautery, as with the 
moxa. 

bradycausis (brad-e-kaw'-sis) [brady-; Kavais, a 
burning]. A slow burning; the application of a slow 
caustic. 

bradycinesia (brad-e-sin-e'-se-ah) [brady-; Kivtiais, 
movement]. Extreme slowness of movement. 

bradycrote (brad'-e-krot) [brady-; kpotos, beating]. 
Marked by or relating to slowness of the pulse. 

bradycrotic (brad-e-krot'-ik) [brady-; kpotos, a 
beating]. Bradycrote. 

bradydiastole (brad-e-di-as'-to-le) [brady-; diao-ToXri, 
a drawing apart]. A prolongation of the diastolic 
pause; it is generally associated with myocardial 
lesions. Syn., bradydiastolia. 

bradyecoia (brad-e-ek-oi'-ah) [brady-; &Koveiv, to 
hear]. Hardness of hearing. 

bradyesthesia bradyaesthesia (brad-e-es-the'-ze-ah) 
[brady-; atadrjais, perception]. Dulness of perception. 

bradyglossia (brad-e-glos'-e-ah). See bradylalia. 

bradylalia (brad-e-la'-le-ah) [brady-; XaXeip, to 
talk]. A slowness of utterance. 

bradylogia (brad-e-lo'-je-ah) [brady-; \6yos, dis- 
course]. Bradylalia. 

bradypepsia (bard-e-pep'-se-ah) [brady-; irtyis, 
digestion]. Slow digestion. 

bradyphagia (brad-e-fa'-je-ah) [brady-; <payew, to 
eat]. Slowness in eating. 

bradyphasia (brad-e-fa'-ze-ah). See bradylalia. 

bradyphrasia (brad-e-fra'-ze-ah) [brady-; <ppaais, 
utterance]. Slowness of speech; it occurs in some 
types of mental disease. 

bradypnea, bradypnoea (brad-ip-ne'-ah) [brady-; 
irveew, to breathe]. Abnormal slowness of breathing. 

bradyspermatism (brad-e-sper'-mat-izm) [brady-; 
<nrepp.a, seed]. Abnormally slow emission of semen. 

bradysphygmia (brad-e-sfig'-me-ah) [brady-; <r<f>vyp.6s, 
pulse]. Abnormal slowness of the pulse. 

bradytocia (brad-e-to'-se-ah) [brady-; t6kos, birth]. 
Abnormally slow or protracted parturition. 

bradytrophic (Jbrad-e-trof-ik) [brady-; rpo<prj, nutri- 
tion]. Characterized by slowness of trophic changes. 

bradyuria (brad-e-u'-re-ah) [brady-; obpov, urine]. 
Slow passage of urine. 

Braidism (Jbrad'-izm) [James Braid, English 
physician, 1795-1860]. The hypnotic state pro- 
duced by fixation of the eyes upon a shining object. 

brain (bran) [AS., brcegen]. That part of the 
central nervous system contained in the cranial 
cavity, and consisting of the cerebrum, the cerebellum, 
the pons, and the medulla oblongata, b., abdominal, 
the solar plexus, b., after-. See metencephalon. 
b.-axis, that portion of the brain-substance including 
the island of Reil, the basal ganglia, the crura, pons, 
medulla, and cerebellum, b.-bladder, a cerebral 
vesicle of the embryo, b., end-, see telencephalon. 
b. fag, brain tire, b.-fever. See meningitis, b., 
fore-. See prosencephalon, b., great, the cerebrum. 
b., hind-. See epencephalon. b., mid-. See mesen- 
cephalon, b. pan, the cranium, b., railway-, a 
condition analogous to railway spine, and character- 
ized by cerebral disturbance. See Erichsen's disease. 
b.-sand. See acervulus. b. stem, the brain axis. 
b. storm, sudden and severe phenomena due to 
cerebral causes, b.-tire, a condition of brain ex- 
haustion due to excessive functional activity, b., 
'twixt-. See diencephalon and thalamencephalon. 
b., wet, the cerebral edema caused by alcoholism. 

bran (bran) [Breton, brenn]. The epidermis or 
outer covering of the seeds of most cereals, b, 






BRANCH 



165 



BREGMATODYMIA 



bath. See bath, bran. b. dressing, a dressing for- 
merly used for compound fracture of the leg. The 
leg was placed in a fracture-box and surrounded with 
clean bran. 

branch {branch), i. A name given to the divisions 
of offshoots of blood-vessels, lymphatics, or nerves, 
from the trunk or main stem. 2. A primary divi- 
sion of the animal kingdom. 

branchia {brang'-ke-ah) [fipdyxi-o., gills]. The gills 
of fishes. 

branchial (brang'-ke-al). Pertaining to the bran- 
chia. b. arches. See arches, branchial, b. cyst, 
a cyst formed of embryonic structures in a branchial 
arch or cleft, b. fistula, a congenital fistula in the 
neck, in connection with the branchial openings. 
b. openings. See clefts, visceral. 

branchiogenic {brang-ke-o-jen'-ik). Same as 
branchiogenous. 

branchiogenous (brang-ke-oj'-en-us) [branchia; 
yevvav, to produce]. Produced or developed from a 
branchial cleft. 

branchioma (brang-ke-o'-mah) [branchia; opa, a 
tumor]. A tumor developed from remains of the 
branchial arches. 

branchiomere {brang'-ke-o-mer) [branchia; pkpos, 
a part]. The segment of the lateral mesoderm 
between each two branchial (gill) clefts. 

Brand method [Ernst Brand, German physician, 
1827-1897]. A system of baths employed in the 
treatment of typhoid fever. 

Brandt's method. Treatment of affections of the 
Fallopian tubes by massage in an endeavor to force 
out their contents into the uterus. 

brandy {bran' -de). See Spiritus vini gallici. 

branks {brangks) [Gael., brancas, a kind of pillory]. 
The mumps. 

Brasdor's method {braz'-dor) [Pierre Brasdor, 
French surgeon, 1721-1797]. Treatment of aneurysm 
by ligation of the artery immediately beyond the 
aneurysm. 

brash {brash) [Dutch, braaken, to vomit]. A 
common name indicating almost any disorder of the 
digestive system; any rash, or eruption; a short 
fit of illness, b., water. See pyrosis. 

brass {bras) [ME., bras]. An alloy of copper with 
25-40 per cent, of zinc, b.-founder's ague. See 
ague. 

Brassica {bras' -ik-ah) [AS.]. A genus of plants of 
the order Cruciferce, including the common cabbage. 
B. alba, white mustard; the powdered seeds a condi- 
ment and rubefacient. B. nigra, black mustard. 

brassicon {bras'-ik-on). A proprietary local appli- 
cation for headache, said to consist of 2 gm. oil of 
peppermint, 6 gm. camphor, 4 gm. ether, 12 gm. 
alcohol, 6 drops mustard oil. 

brassy-eye. See chalcitis. 

Braun's canal {brown) [Gustav von Braun, Austrian 
obstetrician, 1820-1911]. See canal, neurenteric. 
B.'s hook. A hook used for decapitation of the 
fetus. 

Braun's reaction for glucose {brown) [Christopher 
Heinrich Braun, German physician, 1847- ]. 
Treat the glucose solution with caustic soda, and 
warm until it is yellow; then add a dilute solution of 
picric acid and heat to boiling. A deep red color 
will be produced. Creatinin gives the same reaction, 
even in the cold, and acetone also, though slightly. 

Braune's canal. The continuous passage formed 
by the uterine cavity and the vagina during labor, 
after full dilation of the os. B.'s os internum. See 
Bandl's ring. 

Braun-Fernwald's sign {brown-f aim' -volt) [Karl 
von Braun, Austrian obstetrician, 1823-1891]. 
An early sign of pregnancy consisting in an increased 
thickness of one-half of the body of the uterus and 
in the presence of a longitudinal median groove, 
these changes being dependent upon unequal con- 
sistence of that organ. 

Bra vais- Jackson's epilepsy {brav'-a). See Jack- 
sonian epilepsy. 

brawn {brawn) [OF., braon, flesh]. The flesh of a 
muscle; well-developed muscles. 

brawny {brawn' -e) [see brawn}. Fleshy; muscular. 
b. induration, pathological hardening and thickening 
of the tissues. 

Braxton Hicks' sign. See Hicks. 

braxy {braks'-e). Anthrax in sheep. 

brayera {bra-ye'-rah). See cusso. 

bread {bred) [AS., bredd]. A mixture of flour and 
water rendered porous by carbon dioxide, and baked. 



The flour may be of wheat, corn, oat, or rye. The 
carbon dioxide may be introduced by fermenting the 
starch with yeast, b., brown, a kind of bread made 
from a mixture of corn, rye, and wheat flour, b., 
Graham, bread made from unbolted wheat flour; 
it contains more gluten, diastase, and mineral phos- 
phates than ordinary bread, b.-paste, a culture- 
medium for bacteria and molds. Stale, coarse 
bread is dried, ground to powder, and made into a 
paste with water, b.-poultice, bread-crumbs steeped 
in hot water, b., pulled, fresh bread pulled apart 
longitudinally and rebaked until brittle, b., white, 
bread made from bolted wheat flour, and therefore 
deficient in diastase, gluten, and mineral phosphates. 
Other kinds, such as rye (or black), corn, bran, 
barley, etc., indicate their composition by their name. 

break {brak) [AS., brecan}. 1. In electricity, to 
open the circuit of a battery. 2. In surgery, a 
fracture. 3. To change suddenly and involuntarily 
from the natural voice to a shrill one or to a whisper, 
as with boys at puberty, or with adults under strong 
emotion, b. shock, a term sometimes employed in 
electrotherapeutics for the physiological shock pro- 
duced on the opening or breaking of an electric circuit. 

breakbone fever. See dengue. 

breast {brest) [ME., brest], 1. The anterior part 
of the chest. 2. The mamma, b.-bone, the 
sternum, b., broken, abscess of the mammary 
gland, b., chicken-, a deformity marked by promi- 
nence of the sternal portion of the chest. Syn., 
pectus carinatum. b., funnel-, a depression of the 
chest-walls at the sternum resembling the bowl of 
a funnel; it is like shoemaker's breast, only it may 
occur at any point. Syn., funnel-chest, b., gathered, 
mammary abscess, b., hysterical, a form of masto- 
dynia due to hysteria, b., irritable tumor of, a name 
given by Astley Cooper to peculiar, sharply defined 
fibromatous or neuromatous tumors of small size 
and extreme tenderness, b.-pang, angina pectoris. 
b., pigeon-. Same as b., chicken-, b.-pump, a 
sunction-apparatus for removing the milk from the 
breast, b., shoemaker's, a depression of the sternum 
in shoemakers due to the pressure of tools against 
it and the xiphoid cartilage. 

breath {breth) [AS., brceth]. The air exhaled from 
the lungs, b.-sounds, the respiratory sounds heard 
upon auscultation. See Table page 166. 

breathing. See respiration. b., abdominal, 
breathing in which the abdominal walls move de- 
cidedly and in which the diaphragm is actively 
engaged, b., Cheyne-Stokes'. See Cheyne-Stokes' 
respiration, b., interrupted, b., cog-wheel, b., wavy, 
a broken or interrupted inspiratory sound produced 
by nervousness, irregular contraction of the muscles 
of respiration, or irregular expansion of the lung from 
disease, b., mouth-, habitual respiration through 
the mouth, b., puerile, the breathing normally 
heard in children, and heard in adults when the 
respiratory murmur is exaggerated, b., suppressed, 
entire absence of breath-sounds, as in pleuritic 
effusion and certain solid conditions of the lung. 
b., thoracic, respiration in which the thoracic walls 
actively move. 

Brecht's cartilages {brekt). The ossa supra- 
sternalia, two small cartilaginous or bony nodules 
near each sternoclavicular joint, above the sternum. 
They are regarded as the rudiments of the episternal 
bone that is well developed in some animals. 

breech {brech) [ME., breech}. The buttocks. 
b., frank, a breech presentation in which the thighs 
are flexed and the legs extended on the anterior 
surface of the fetus, b. presentation, presentation 
of the buttocks of the child at the os uteri during labor. 

breeches splint. A splint that surrounds the leg; 
oftenest made of woven wire. 

breeze, electric. See static breeze. 

bregenin {breg'-en-in) [Low Ger., bregen, brain], 
C40H87NO5. A name given by Thudichum to a 
viscous principle, soluble in and crystallizable from 
alcohol, by means of which it has been extracted 
from brain-tissue. It is fusible like a fat, but is 
miscible with water. 

bregma {breg'-mah) [fipeypa, the sinciput]. 1. The 
part of the skull corresponding to the anterior fon- 
tanel. 2. The junction of the coronal and sagittal 
sutures. 

bregmatic {breg-mal'-ik). Relating to the bregma. 

bregmatodymia {breg-mat-o-dim' -e-ah) [fipeypa, the 
sinciput; Sidvpos, twin]. Teratic union of twins by 
the bregmata. 



BREIN 166 BREVISSIMUS OCULI 

TABLE OF BREATH-SOUNDS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE. 
(Altered and enlarged from J. K. Fowler.) 



Variety 








Inter- 




Inten- 




Condition 


of breath- 


Period. 


Pitch. 


Quality. 


val. 


Duration. 


sity. 


Where heard. 


in which 


ing. 














heard. 


Vesicular. 


i. Inspira- 
tion. 


Low. 


Vesicular. 


None. 




Variable . 


Over the lungs 
in health. 


In health. 




2. Expira- 


Lower. 


Blowing. 




Shorter 


Faint or 








tion. 








than in- 
spiration 
or absent. 


absent. 






Bronchial. 


i. Inspira- 
tion. 


High. 


Tracheal. 


Dis- 
tinct. 




Variable . 


In health, in 
regions of sev- 


In health; pul- 
monary tuber- 




2. Expira- 


Higher. 


Tracheal. 




Equal to or 


Greater. 


enth cervical 


culosis, lobar 




tion. 








longer 
than in- 
spiration. 




spine. 

In disease, over 
areas of con- 
solidation. 


pneumonia, 
large pleuritic 
effusions, 
thoracic aneu- 
rysm, medias- 
tinal tumors. 


Broncho- 


i. Inspira- 


Higher 


More or 


Slight. 




Variable . 


In health, ant., 


In health; 


vesicular. 


tion. 


than in 
vesicu- 
lar 

breath- 
ing. 


less 
tracheal. 








over sternal 
portion of in- 
fraclavicular 
region; post., 
upper part of 


pneumonia, 
pulmonary 
tuberculosis. 




2. Expira- 


Higher 


More or 




About 


Greater. 


interscapular 






tion. 


than in 
vesicu- 
lar 
breath- 


less 
tracheal. 




equal to 
inspira- 
tion. 




region. In 
disease, over 
slight con- 
solidation. 




Amphoric. 


i. Inspira- 


ing. 
Low. 


Hollow and 


Dis- 




Variable . 


Over a large 


Pulmonary 




tion. 




metallic. 


tinct. 






cavity com- 


tuberculosis. 




2. Expira- 


Lower. 


Both char- 




Longer 


Greater. 


municating 






tion. 




acters 
more 
marked. 




than in- 
spiration. 




with an open 
bronchus. 




Cavernous. 


i. Inspira- 


Low. 


Blowing 


Dis- 




Variable . 


Over a cavity 


Pulmonary 




tion. 




and hol- 
low. 


tinct. 






communi- 
cating with an 


tuberculosis. 




2. Expira- 


Lower. 


Both char- 




Longer 


Greater. 


open bron- 






tion. 




acters 

more 

marked. 




than in- 
spiration. 




chus. 




Tubular. 


i. Inspira- 
tion. 


Higher 
than in 


Laryngeal 
or whif- 


Dis- 




Variable . 


Over consoli- 


Lobar pneu- 
monia, pulmo- 




tinct. 






dated areas. 






bron- 


fing. 










nary tubercu- 






chial 












losis. 






breath- 


















ing. 
















2. Expira- 


Higher. 


Laryngeal 




Equal to or 


Greater. 








tion. 




or whif- 
fing. 




longer 
than in- 
spiration. 









brein (bre'-in) . A glucoside isolated from Bryonia 
alba. It is a powerful stimulant to the arterioles 
and useful in the treatment of post-partum hemor- 
rhage and other forms of metrorrhagia. 

Breisky's disease (bri'-ske) [August Breisky, 
German gynecologist, 1832-1889]- Kraurosis vulvae. 
B.'s method, of measuring the dimensions of .the 
pelvis at its outlet: Measure externally the distance 
between the tuberosities of the ischia, and the 
distance from the junction of the sacrum and coccyx 
to the lower border of the arcuate ligament. 

Bremer's reaction for diabetic blood (brem'-ur) 
[John Lewis Bremer, American physician, 1874- ]. 
The blood is prepared as in ordinary staining methods, 
and, after drying in a hot-air sterilizer, stained with 
methylene-blue and eosin. The erythrocytes of 
diabetic blood are stained greenish-yellow, whereas 
in normal blood they appear brownish. 

Brenner's formula (bren'-nur) [Rudolf Brenner, 
German physician, 1821-1884]. 1. With the same 
current strength the kathodal closing contraction is 
four times as strong as the kathodal opening con- 
traction. 2. The normal auditory nerve reacts to 
the kathodal closure by a sound sensation which 
immediately attains its maximum and then gradually 
diminishes; the anodal opening causes with the 
same current strength a somewhat weaker sound 
that is of short duration. 



brenzcain {brenz'-ka-in). See guaiacolbenzyl ester. 

brenzkatechinuria (brenz-kat-e-kin-u'-re-ah). See 
alkaptonuria. 

brephopolysarcia (bref-o-pol-e-sar'-ke-ah) [flpe<t>os, 
an infant; wo\vs, much; <rdp£, flesh]. Excess of 
flesh in an infant. 

brephotrophium (bref-o-tro'-fe-um) /5pe<£os, infant; 
rpk<t>eiv, to nourish]. An infant-asylum; a foundling- 
hospital. 

brephydrocephalus {bref-id-ro-sef'-al-us) [0pk<f>os, 
an infant; hydrocephalus]. Hydrocephalus in in- 
fants. 

Breschet's canal, B.'s veins (bresh'-a) [Gilbert 
Breschet, French anatomist, 1784-1845]. The canals 
and veins of the diploe. B.'s helicotrema, the 
helicotrema, the foramen of communication between 
the'* scala vestibuli and the scala tympani. B.'s 
sinus, the sphenoparietal sinus. 

Bretonneau's diphtheria (bret'-on-o) Pierre Breton- 
neau, French physician, 1778-1862]. Diphtheria of 
the pharynx. 

breviductor (brev-e-duk'-tor) [L.]. The adductor 
brevis muscle of the thigh. See muscles, table of. 

breviflexor (brev-e-fieks'-or) [L.]. Any short, 
flexor muscle. 

brevissimus oculi (brev-is'-im-us ok'-u-li) L.]. 
The shortest muscle of the eye; the obliquus inferior. 
See muscles, table of. 



BREWER'S OPERATION 



167 



BROMAMIDE 



Brewer's operation (broo'-er) [George Emerson 
Brewer, American Surgeon, 1861- ]. Closure of 
wounds of arteries with rubber plates. B.'s point, 
the costo-vertebral angle, which is tender in cases 
of infection of the kidney. 

Brewster's law (broo'-ster). The polarizing angle 
has such a value that the reflected and the refracted 
rays are at right angles to each other. 

brick-dust deposit. A reddish sediment in the 
urine, consisting of urates. 

bricklayer's itch. Eczema due to irritation of 
lime-mortar. 

brickmakers' anemia. See ankylostomiasis, doch- 
miasis. 

bridge (brij). 1. The upper ridge of the nose 
formed by the union of the two nasal bones. 2. In 
electricity, an apparatus for measuring the resistance 
of a conductor, b. coloboma. See coloboma. b., 
herpetic, a term for fascicular keratitis, q. v. b., 
intercellular, slender protoplasmic processes con- 
necting proximate cells. Syn., internuclear bundles. 
b., jugal. See arch, zygomatic, b. of nose, the 
prominent ridge formed by the nasal bones, b. of 
Varolius, the pons Varolii, b.-work, in dentistry, 
the adaptation of artificial crowns of teeth to and 
over spaces made by the loss of natural teeth, by 
connecting such crowns to natural teeth or roots for 
anchorage by means of a bridge, and thereby dis- 
pensing with plates covering more or less of the roof 
of the mouth and the alveolar ridge. 

bridle (bri'-dl) [AS., bridel]. 1. A band or filament 
stretching across the lumen of a passage, or from 
side to side of an ulcer, scar, abscess, etc. 2. A 
frenum. b. stricture, a stricture due to the presence 
of a delicate band stretched across the lumen of the 
urethra. 

Brieger, bacillus of (bre'-ger) [Ludwig Brieger, 
German physician, 1849- ]. Bacillus cavicidus. 
t B.'s method, a method of separating ptomaines 
from a putrefying mass. 

Bright's blindness (brit) [Richard Bright, English 
physician, 1789-1858]. Partial or complete loss of 
sight, which may be temporary, independent of any 
change in the optic disc or retina; it occurs in uremia. 
B.'s disease, a generic term for acute and chronic 
diffuse disease of the kidneys, usually associated 
with dropsy and albuminuria. B.'s disease, acute, 
an acute inflammation of the kidney; it may be 
parenchymatous, interstitial, or diffuse. B.'s disease, 
chronic, a chronic inflammation of the kidney, 
affecting the parenchyma, the connective tissue, or 
both. Amyloid degeneration is also considered a 
chronic form of Bright's disease. B.'s friction- 
sound. See Beatty- Bright's friction-sound. B.'s 
granulations, the granulations of the large white 
kidney. 

brightic (brit'-ik). A person suffering from 
Bright's disease. 

brightism (brit'-izm). Chronic nephritis. 

Brill's disease [Nathan E. Brill, American physi- 
cian, i860- ]. An acute infectious disease of 
unknown origin, very similar to a mild form of typhus, 
It is shorter than typhoid, lasting only 12 to 14 days, 
and is characterized by a short incubation, intense 
headache, apathy, prostration, a maculo-papular 
eruption not disappearing on pressure, and a fall of 
temperature by crisis or rapid lysis. The Widal 
test is negative. Prognosis is good; the treatment, 
symptomatic. 

brim (brim) [ME.]. The upper edge or margin, 
as the brim of the pelvis. 

brimstone (brim'-ston). See sulphur, b., cane, 
sublimed sulphur molded into the form of solid 
cylinders about an inch in diameter. Syn., roll- 
sulphur, b., vegetable, the spores of Lycopodium 
clavatum. 

Brinton's disease (brin'-tun) [William Brinton, 
English physician, 1823-1867]. 1. Linitis plastica; 
hypertrophy and sclerosis of the submucous con- 
nective tissue of the stomach. 2. Infantile scurvy. 

Briquet's ataxia (bre-ka') [Paul Briquet, French 
physician, 1796-1881]. Hysteric ataxia; astasia- 
abasia. 

brisement (brez-mon(g)) [Fr.]. A breaking or 
rupture, b. force, the forcible breaking up of struc- 
tures causing ankylosis of a joint. 

brise-pierre (brez'-pe-ar') Fr., "stone-crusher"]. 
An old form of lithotrite. 

Brissaud-Marie's syndrome (bre-so-mar-e') [Ed- 
ouard Brissaud, French physician, 1852-1909; Pierre 



Marie, French neurologist, 1853- ]. Hysterical 
glossolabial hemispasm. 

bristle-cell. Any one of the ciliated cells at the 
termination of the auditory nerve-filaments. 

British gum. See dextrin. 

broach (Jbrotch). A five-sided steel instrument 
used by dentists for enlarging the canal in the root, 
and the opening into a decayed cavity in the crown 
of a tooth. 

broad. Wide; extensive. b. ligament. See 
ligament, broad, b. tapeworm. See Bothriocephalus 
latus. 

Broadbent's sign (brawd'-bent) Sir William Henry 
Broadbent, English physician, 1835-1907]. A visible 
retraction, synchronous with the cardiac systole, 
of the left side and back in the region of the eleventh 
and twelfth ribs, in adherent pericardium. 

Broca's aphasia (bro'-kah) [Paul Broca, French 
surgeon and anthropologist, 1824-1880]. Cortical 
motbr aphasia. B.'s area, the medial portion of 
the anterior, olfactory lobe. Syn., area parolfactoria; 
gyrus olfactorius medialis. B.'s cape, the dividing- 
point of the fossa Sylvii. B.'s center, the posterior 
part of the left third frontal convolution; it is the 
center of speech. B.'s convolution, the third frontal 
convolution of the left hemisphere. B.'s diagonal 
band, a band of gray matter forming the posterior 
part of the anterior perforated space and extending 
from the gyrus subcallosus to the anterior end of the 
gyrus hippocampi. B.'s fissure, the fissure surround- 
ing Broca's lobe. B.'s olfactory area, trigonum ol- 
factorium; the posterior end of the gyrus rectus, 
lying anteriorly to the mesial root of the olfactory 
tract. B.'s parietal angle, in craniometry, that 
included between two lines joining the auricular 
point and the bregma and lambda. B.'s point, the 
auricular point, the center of the external auditory 
meatus. B.'s pouch, a pear-shaped sac lying in the 
tissues of the labia majora; it is analogous in struc- 
ture to the dartos, but contains no muscular fibers. 
B.'s visual plane, a plane drawn through the axes 
of the two orbits. 

Brodie's abscess (bro'-de) [Sir Benjamin Collins 
Brodie, English surgeon, 1783-1862]. Chronic 
abscess of bone, most frequently of the head of the 
tibia. B.'s disease, pulpy disease of a joint, more 
especially the knee-joint; also spinal neuralgia 
following trauma, and often hysterical. B.'s joint, 
hysterical arthroneuralgia. B.'s pain, the pain caused 
by lifting a fold of the skin in the neighborhood of a 
joint in articular neuralgia. 

Broesike's fossa (bre'-zik-eh) [Gustav Broesike, 
German anatomist, 1853- ]. The parajejunal 
fossa; a recess in the peritoneal cavity which is 
situated in the first part of the mesojejunum and 
behind the superior mesenteric artery. 

Brokaw ring (brok'-aw). A ring used in intestinal 
anastomosis, made of segments of rubber drainage- 
tubing and threaded with catgut strands. 

brom-, bromo-. A prefix denoting the presence 
of bromine in a substance. 

bromal (bro'-mal) [brom-; aldehyde], CBn . CHO. 
Tribromaldehyde, analogous to chloral, and produced 
by the action of bromine on alcohol. It is a colorless, 
oily fluid, of a penetrating odor and sharp, burning 
taste, boiling at I72°-I73° C; it has been used in 
medicine, having properties similar to those of chloral. 
b. hydrate, CBr 3 . CHO+H 2 0, a fluid of oily con- 
sistence, having a structure similar to that of chloral 
hydrate, but more irritating and narcotic than the 
latter. It is used as a hypnotic and in epilepsy. 
Dose 1-5 gr. (0.065-0.32 Gm.). 

bromalbacid (bro-mal'-bas-id). A compound of 
bromine and albumin used as a sedative. Dose 
15-30 gr. (1-2 Gm.). 

bromalbumin (bro-mal'-bu-min). See bromoal- 
bumin. 

bromaldehyde (Joro-maV -de^hld) . A compound of 
bromine and aldehyde. 

bromalin (bro'-mal-in), CeH^N^HsBr. A sub- 
stance occurring as a white, crystalline powder, 
soluble in water, melting at 200 C. It is a nerve- 
sedative and antiepileptic, used as a substitute for 
potassium bromide. Dose 30-60 gr. (2-4 Gm.) 
several times a day. Syn., bromethylformin; hexa- 
methylenetelraminbromethylate. 

bromaloin (bro-mal'-o-in), CnHisBnOT. A deriva- 
tive of barbaloin by the action of bromine. Syn., 
tribromaloin. 

bromamide (bro' -mam-id) [brom-; amide]. A bro- 



BROMARGYRITE 



168 



BROMOHYDRATE 



mine compound of the anilin group, with the formula 
CeHzBnNH . HBr. It contains 75 % of bromine, 
and is used as an antipyretic in doses of 10-15 grains 
(0.65-1.0 Gm.). 

bromargyrite (bro-mar'-jir-it). Native silver bro- 
mide. 

bromate (bro' -mat) [bromin]. A salt of bromic 
acid. 

bromateccrisis (bro-mat-ek'-ris-is) [/3pwjua, food; 
IxKplais, excrement]. The passage of undigested 
food. 

bromated (bro' -ma-ted). Impregnated with bro- 
mine. 

bromatography (bro-mat-og'-ra-fe) [0pu>p.a, food; 
ypa<i>7], a writing]. A description of or treatise on 
foods. 

bromatology {bro-mat-ol'-o-je) [/3p«pa, food; X670S, 
a science]. The science of foods. 

bromatometer (bro-mat-om'-et-ur) [/SpcDpa, food; 
ukrpov, measure]. An instrument used in 'bro- 
matometry. 

bromatometry (bro-mat-om'-et-re). The estimation 
of the daily amount of food requisite for an indi- 
vidual. 

bromatotherapy (bro-mat-o-ther'-ap-e) [Pp&na, food; 
Bepaireveiv, to heal]. Treatment of diseased con- 
ditions by regulation of the diet. 

bromatotoxicon (bro-mat-o-toks'-ik-on). A general 
term for the active agent in food-poisoning. 

bromatotoxin (bro-mat-o-toks'-in) [(3p&na, food; 
to^lkov, poison]. A basic poison generated in food 
by the growth of microorganisms. 

bromatotoxism {bro-mat-o-toks'-izm) [/Spw/za, food; 
to^ikov, poison]. Poisoning with infected food. 

brombenzoyl (brom-ben'-zo-il), C7H6O . Br. A 
crystalline substance obtained from oil of bitter 
almonds by action of bromine; it is soluble in alcohol 
and ether. Syn., brombenzoylic acid. 

bromcaffeine {brom-kaf-e'-in), CsHgBrN^. A 
compound obtained by mixing 1 part of caffeine 
with 5 parts of bromine; melts at 206 C. 

bromeigon (bro-mi'-gon). An insoluble compound 
of bromine and a proteid. 

bromelin (bro'-mel-iri) [Bromelia, a genus of plants]. 
A digestive principle, allied to trypsin, found in the 
juice of pineapples. It will digest 1500 times its 
weight of proteids. 

bromethyl (brom'-eth-il). See ethyl bromide under 
bromine, b. formin. See bromalin. 

brometone (bro' -met-on) [brom-; acetone]. A bro- 
mine derivative of acetone, analogous to chloretone. 
It is used as a nerve sedative instead of the bromides. 

bromglidin (brom-gli'-din). A proprietary organic 
bromine compound: used as a nerve sedative. 

bromhemol (brom'-he-mol). A compound of hemol 
and 2.7 % of bromine. It is used when continued 
effect of bromine is desired. Dose 15-30 gr. (1-2 
Gm.). Syn., bromohemol. 

bromhidrosis. See bromidrosis. 

bromhydrate (brom-hi'-drat). See hydrobr ornate. 

bromhydric (brom-hi'-drik). See hydrobromic. 
b. ether, hydrobromic ether. 

bromic (bro'-mik). Containing or compounded 
with bromine. 

bromide, bromid (bro' -mid, bro' -mid). A salt of 
hydrobromic acid; the bromides of calcium, iron, 
ammonium, potassium, and sodium are used in 
medicine. They allay nervous excitement and are 
employed as sedatives, b., basic, a compound of a 
bromide with the oxide of the same base. b. of 
ethyl. See ethyl bromide under bromine. 

bromidia (bro-mid'-e-ah). A proprietary hypnotic 
and anodyne. 

bromidrosiphobia (bro-mid-ros-e-fo'-be-ah) [f}pu>p.os, 
a stench; iSpws, sweat; 4>6Pos, fear]: Insane dread 
of offensive personal smells, with hallucinations as 
to the perception of them. 

bromidrosis (bro-mid-ro'-sis) [f}p&p.os, a stench; 
ISpuis, sweat]. Osmidrosis; an affection of the 
sweat-glands in which the sweat has an offensive 
odor. 

bromidum (bro'-mid-um). Bromide; a salt of 
bromine. 

brominated, brominized (bro'-min-a-ted, -Izd). 
Combined with bromine. 

bromine, bromum (bro'-men, -mum) [Pp€>p.os, a 
stench]. Br =79.92 quantivalence I. A reddish- 
brown liquid which, at ordinary temperatures, gives 
off a heavy, suffocating vapor. It is a very active 
escharotic and disinfectant and internally a violent 



poison. The salts of bromine are cerebrospinal and 
cardiac depressants, and are employed as sedatives, 
particularly in epilepsy, eclampsia, spasmodic 
affections, insomnia, hysteria, migraine, etc. The 
salts of the alkaline metals are those most commonly 
used, bromidum ammonii (U. S. P.), NEUBr. Dose 
5-20 gr. (0.32-1.3 Gm.). b. blocks, porous blocks of 
diatomaceous earth incinerated with calcium sac- 
charate and impregnated with three times their 
weight of bromine, which is gradually given off by 
them. They are used as disinfectants, bromidum 
calcii (U. S. P.), CaBr2. Dose 5 gr.-i dr. (0.32-4.0 
Gm.). b. chloride, BrCl (below io° C), a reddish- 
yellow, mobile, very volatile liquid. It is used as an 
internal and external caustic in cancer, bromide, 
ethyl, C2HsBr, useful in spasmodic coughs. Dose 
10 min.-i dr. (0.65-4.0 Cc). bromidi, ferri, syrupus, 
contains 10 % of the salt. Dose |-i dr. (2-4 Cc). 
b. iodide, IBrs, a dark-brown liquid, soluble in water; 
it is used as a gargle in diphtheria, in 0.1 % solution. 
bromidum litbii (U. S. P.), LiBr. Dose 5-20 gr. 
(0.32-1.3 Gm.). bromidum, nickel. See nickel. 
b. pentachloride, BrCb, a caustic liquid, bromidum 
potassii (U. S. P.), KBr. Dose 5 gr.-i dr. (0.32-4.0 
Gm.). bromidum sodii (U. S. P.), NaBr. Dose 
5 gr.-i dr. (0.32-4.0 Gm.). bromidum strontii 
(U. S. P.), SrBr 2 . Dose 15-20 gr. (1. 0-1.3 Gm.). 
bromidum, zinci (U. S. P.), ZnBr2. Dose §-2 gr. 
(0.032-0.13 Gm.). 

brominism. See bromism. 

brominol (bro'-min-ol). A solution of bromine in 
sesame oil. 

bromiodide (bro-mi'-od-id). A compound formed 
from the bromide and the iodide of the same base. 

bromiodoform (bro-mi-o' -do-form), CHB^I. A 
substitution-compound of bromine and iodoform. 

bromipin (bro'-mip-in). A liquid compound of 
bromine and sesame oil containing 10 % of bromine. 
It is used as a sedative in epilepsy. Dose 1-3 tea- 
spoonfuls daily. 

bromism, brominism (bro'-mizm, bro'-min-izm) 
[bromine]. Certain peculiar phenomena produced 
by the prolonged administration of the bromides. 
The most marked symptoms are headache, coldness 
of the extremities, feebleness of the heart's action, 
somnolence, apathy, anesthesia of the soft palate 
and pharynx, pallor of the skin, and a peculiar 
eruption of acne which is one of the earliest and most 
constant symptoms. There is also anorexia, and at 
times there are loss of sexual power and atrophy of 
the testes or mamma;. 

bromite (bro'-mit). 1. Native silver bromide. 
2. A salt of bromous acid. 

bromium (bro'-me-um). Bromine. 

bromoalbumin (bro-mo-al'-bu-min). A compound 
of bromine (10 %) and albumin; it is used in epilepsy. 
Syn., bromalbumin; bromosin. 

bromocaffeine (bro-mo-kaf'-e-in) [bromine; caffeine]. 
A proprietary effervescing preparation containing 
caffeine. It is used for the relief of headaches. 

bromocamphor (bro-mo-kam'-for). See camphor, 
monobromated. 

bromochloralum (Jbro-mo-klo-ral'-um) [bromo-; 
chloral]. A proprietary antiseptic and disinfecting 
compound, containing the bromine and chloride of 
aluminum. 

bromocoll (Jbro' -mo-kol) [bromo-; KoKKa, glue]. A 
product of the condensation of bromine, tannin, and 
gelatin; a light-brown, odorless, almost tasteless 
powder, containing 20 % of bromine, soluble in 
alcoholic fluids. It is indicated when other bromides 
are not well borne. Dose 15-75 gr. (1-5 Gm.) 
a day; in epilepsy, 123 gr. (8 Gm.). Syn., dibromo- 
tannic glue. 

bromoform (bro' '-mo-form), CHBr3. A bromide 
having a structure like that of chloroform, CHCI3; 
it is sedative and anesthetic and is used in whooping- 
cough and in seasickness in doses of 2-5 min. (0.13- 
0.32 Cc). Syn., formobromide ; formylbromide ; 
methenyl tribromide; tribrommethane. 

bromoformin (bro-mo-for'-min). Bromethylate of 
hexamethylene tetramine; it is used as a sedative. 

bromoformism (bro-mo-form'-izm). Poisoning with 
bromoform. 

bromography (bro-mog'-ra-fe). Same as bromato- 
graphy. 

bromohematin (bro-mo-hem'-al-in). Hematin hy- 
drobromide. 

bromohemol. See bromhemol. 

bromohydrate. See hydrobromate. 



BROMOHYDRIC 



169 



BRONCHOCELE 



bromohydric. See hydrobromic. 

bromohyperidrosis (bro-mo-hi-per-id-ro'-sis) [bro- 
mo-; virep, over; ISpucns, a perspiring]. A condition 
marked by excessive and offensive perspiration. 

bromoiodism (bro-mo-i'-o-dizm) [bromism; iodism]. 
Poisoning by bromine and iodine compounds together. 

bromol (bro'-mol), C6H2BrsOH. Tribromophenol; 
an antiseptic substance used in the form of a powder, 
solution (i : 30 olive oil), or ointment (1 : 10). 
Internally it is used in cholera infantum and typhoid 
fever. Dose T V-| gr. (0.006-0.02 Gm.). 

bromolein (brom-o'-le-in). A combination of 
bromine (20 per cent.) and unsaturated oil of almonds. 

bromolitbia (bro-mo-lith'-e-ah). A proprietary 
remedy for gout. 

bromo mania (bro-mo-ma'-ne-ah). Insanity from 
excessive use of bromides. 

bromomenorrhea (bro-mo-men-or-e'-ah) [0pa>nos, 
stench; pA\v, month; f>dv, to flow]. Disordered 
menstruation marked by offensiveness of the flow. 

bromophenol (bro-mo-fe'-nol). 1. See bromol. 
2. C6H4BrOH. A violet-colored liquid obtained from 
phenol by accion of bromine. It is used in a 1 to 2 % 
ointment in treatment of erysipelas. Syn., ortho- 
bromphenol. 

bromopnea, bromopnoea (brom-op-ne'-ah) [fip&nos, 
stench; wvoia, breath]. Fetid breath. 

bromopropylene (bro-mo-pro'-pil-en). See allyl 
bromide. 

bromopyrine (bro-mo-pi'-rin). 1. CnHnBrN20, a 
substance used as is antipyrine, occurring in white 
needles, soluble in alcohol, chloroform, and hot 
water, melting at 114 C. Dose 5-15 gr. (0.3-1.0 
Gm.). Syn., monobromoantipyrin. 2. A proprietary 
mixture said to consist of antipyrine, caffeine, and 
sodium bromides. 

bromoseltzer (Jbro-mo-selt'-zer). A proprietary 
headache remedy. 

bromoserum (bro-mo-se'-rum). A solution of 6 
parts of sodium bromide and 1.5 parts of sodium 
chloride in 1000 parts of water. It is used by injec- 
tion as a substitute for bromides. 

bromosin (bro' -mo-sin). See bromoalbumin. 

bromosoda (bro-mo-so'-da). A proprietary remedy 
for dyspepsia. 

bromous (bro'-mus). Containing bromine united 
with oxygen in the same proportion as in the chlorous 
compounds. 

bromphenols (brom-fe'-nolz) . A series of bro mated 
phenols occurring at times in the precipitates of 
tested urine. 

bromum (bro' -mum). See bromine. 

bromural (bro'-mii-ral). Monobrom-iso-valeryl- 
urea; a white crystalline powder, soluble in hot 
water; it contains about 35 per cent, of bromine, 
and is used as a hypnotic. Dose gr. 5-10 (0.3-0.6). 

bromurated (bro'-mu-ra-ted). Containing bromine 
or a bromine salt. 

bronchadenitis (brongk-ad-en-V-tis) [broncho-; ad-hv, 
gland; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the 
bronchial lymphatic glands. 

broncheopyra (brong-ke-o-pi'-rah) [bronchus; irvp, 
fire]. A suffocative cough. 

bronchi (brong-ki) [L.]. The plural of bronchus. 
The two tubes into which the trachea divides opposite 
the third dorsal vertebra, called respectively the 
right and the left bronchus. 

bronchia (brong'-ke-ah) [(3p6yxos, the windpipe]. 
The bronchial tubes, especially those that are smaller 
than the two bronchi. 

bronchiadenosciixhus (brong-ke-ad-en-o-skir'-us) 
[bronchus; Lb-qv, a gland; cnappos, hard]. Scirrhus 
of the bronchial glands. 

bronchial (brong'-ke-al) [bronchus]. Relating to 
the bronchi, b. arteries. See under artery, b. 
crises, dyspneic paroxysms occurring in locomotor 
ataxia, b. fluke. See Distoma Ringeri. b. glands, 
the chain of lymphatic glands running beside the 
bronchi, b. tube, a bronchus, or one of its sub- 
divisions. 

bronchiarctia (brong-ke-ark'-she-ah). See broncho- 
stenosis. 

bronchiectasis (brong-ke-ek'-tas-is) [bronchus; 
Zktcktis, dilatation]. Dilatation of the walls of the 
bronchi. It occurs in chronic bronchitis, in fibroid 
pneumonia, and in tuberculosis of the lung. It may 
involve a tube uniformly, producing the cylindrical 
form; or it may occur irregularly in sacs or pockets — 
the sacculated form. The characteristic symptom 
of bronchiectasis is paroxysmal coughing, with the 



expectoration of large quantities of mucopurulent, 
often fetid, matter. Cavernous breathing may be 
heard over the dilated tubes. 

bronchiectatic (brong-ke-ek-tat'-ik). Pertaining to 
or affected with bronchiectasis. 

bronchiloquy (brong-kil'-o-kwe) [bronchus; loqui, to 
speak]. Bronchophony. 

broncbiocele (brong'-ke-o-sel) [bronchiolus, a little 
air passage; K17X77, tumor]. A swelling or dilatation 
of a bronchiole. 

bronchiocrisis (brong-ke-o-kri'-sis) [bronchus; crisis]. 
Paroxysmal coughing in tabes dorsalis. 

bronchiole (brong'-ke-ol) [dim. of bronchus]. One 
of the smallest subdivisions of the bronchi. 

bronchiolectasis (brong-ke-o-lek'-ta-sis) [bronchiole; 
e/craais, dilation]. A rare form of bronchiectasis 
diffused to all parts of the lung, making it appear as 
if riddled with small cavities. 

bronchioli (brong'-ke-o-li). Bronchioles. 

bronchiolitis (brong-ke-o-li'-tis) [bronchiole, iris, 
inflammation]. Inflammation of the bronchioles. 
b., asthmatic. See b., exudative, b., exudative, b. 
exudativa, an inflammation of the bronchioles, with 
exudation, a condition by some held to be the cause 
of bronchial asthma, b. fibrosa obliterans, b. 
obliterans, b., obliterating fibrous, bronchiolitis 
resulting in obliteration of the finest bronchioles by 
connective-tissue plugs. 

bronchiolus (brong-ki-o'-lus) [dim. of bronchus, pi. 
bronchioli]. A bronchiole. 

bronchiospasmus (brong-ke-o-spaz'-mus) [bronchus; 
spasm]. Spasm of the bronchi. 

bronchostenosis (brong-ke-o-ste-no'-sis) [bronchus; 
ffr'evos, narrow]. Contraction of a bronchus or of 
any one or more of the bronchial tubes. 

bronchismus (Jbrong-kiz'-mus). Suffocative bron- 
chial spasm due to spinal paralysis. 

bronchitic (brong-kit'-ik) [bronchitis]. Relating to, 
of the nature of, or affected with, bronchitis. 

bronchitis (brong-ki'-tis) [bronchus; ins, inflam- 
mation]. Inflammation of the mucous membrane 
of the bronchial tubes. Syn., pleuritis bronchialis. 
b., acute, is due to exposure to cold, to the inhalation 
of irritant vapors, to certain infectious agents, etc. 
It is characterized by fever, cough, substernal pain, 
and by dry rales in the early, and moist rales in the 
later, stages, b., capillary, an acute bronchitis of 
the finer bronchioles; it is generally the result of 
a downward extension of an acute bronchitis. Child- 
ren are most frequently affected. Dyspnea, nervous 
depression, and cyanosis are prominent symptoms. 
Catarrhal pneumonia is a common complication. 
b., catarrhal, a form attended with profuse muco- 
purulent discharges, b., chronic, a form of bron- 
chitis usually occurring in middle or advanced life, 
characterized by cough and by dry and moist rales. 
It may be due to repeated attacks of acute bronchitis, 
to gout, rheumatism, or tuberculosis, or it may 
be secondary to cardiac and renal disease, b. con- 
vulsiva, whooping cough, b., croupous, b., fibrinous, 
b., plastic, a rare variety attended with the expec- 
toration of casts of the bronchial tubes, containing 
Charcot-Leyden crystals and eosinophile cells, after 
a paroxysm of dyspnea and violent coughing, b., 
dry, that unattended by expectoration, b., mechani- 
cal, a forni caused by the inhalation of dust, etc. 
b., phtbinoid, a consumptive form with purulent 
sputum, b. potter's. Same as b., mechanical, b., 
putrid, b., fetid, a variety of chronic bronchitis 
characterized by the discharge of a copious, half- 
liquid, extremely offensive sputum, b., secondary, 
one which develops as a complication of some pre- 
ceding disease, b., suffocative, b. suffocans, acute 
capillary bronchitis, b., summer, hay-fever. 

bronchium (brong'-ke-um) [L.; pi. bronchia]. A 
bronchial tube. 

bronchlemmitis (brong-klem-i'-tis) [bronchus; \kp.p.a, 
a skin]. Croupous bronchitis. 

broncho- (brong-ko-) [bronchus]. A prefix meaning 
relating to the bronchi. 

bronchoaegophony (brong-ko-e-goff'-o-ne). Seebron- 
choegophony. 

bronchoalve'olar (brong-ko-al-ve'-o-lar). Same as 
bronchovesicular. 

bronchocavernous (brong-ko-kav'-er-nus). Both 
bronchial and cavernous; it is applied to respira- 
tion. 

bronchocele (brong'-ko-sel [broncho-; K17X77, a tumor]. 
Really a tumor of a bronchus, but generally signifying 
goiter, b., aerial. See aerocele. 



BRONCHOCEPHALITIS 



170 



BRUCE AND MUIR 



bronchocephalitis (brong-ko-sef-al-i'-tis). Synonym 
of whooping-cough. 

bronchoconstriction (brong-ko-kon-strik'-shuri). The 
narrowing of the caliber of the pulmonary air-passages. 

bronchoconstrictor (brong-ko-kon-strik'-lor). Con- 
stricting the caliber of the air-passages of the lungs. 

bronchodilator (brong-ko-di-la'-tor). Dilating the 
caliber of the air-passages of the lungs. 

bronchoegophony (brong-ko-e-goff'-o-ne) [broncho-; 
atf-, a goat; <j>a>vi), a voice, sound]. Bronchophony 
combined with egophony. 

bronchoesophagoscopy (brong-ko-e-sof-ag-os'-ko-pe) 
[broncho-; esophagus; (woireiv, to view]. Inspection 
of the interior of the bronchi and esophagus. 

bronchohemorrhagia (brong-ko-hem-or-a'-je-ah) . 
Extravasation of blood from the lining membrane 
of the bronchial tubes. 

broncholemmitis (brong-ko-lem-i'-tis). See bronch- 
lemmitis. 

broncholith, broncholite (brong'-ko-lith, brong'-ko- 
llt) [broncho-; \L6os, a stone]. A calculus or con- 
cretion formed in a bronchial tube. 

broncholithiasis (brong-ko-lith-i'-a-sis) [broncho-; 
lithiasis]. The formation of calculi in the bronchial 
apparatus. 

bronchomotor (brong-ko-mo'-tor). Affecting the 
caliber of the bronchial apparatus. 

bronchomycosis (brong-ko-mi-ko'-sis) [broncho-; 
mycosis]. The growth or presence of fungi in a 
bronchial tube. 

bronchopathy (brong-kop'-a-the) [broncho-; iraBos, 
disease]. Any disease of a bronchus. 

bronchophonic (brong-ko-fon'-ik) [broncho-; <j>o>vi), 
a voice]. Relating to bronchophony. 

bronchophony (brong-kof'-o-ne) [broncho-; <j>a>vri, the 
voice]. The resonance of the voice within the 
bronchi as heard on auscultating the chest. It is 
normally present over the lower cervical spines, in 
the upper interscapular region, and over the sternal 
portion of the infraclavicular regions. The most 
frequent pathological cause is consolidation of the 
lung, b., accidental, that due to disease, b., 
pectoriloquous. See pectoriloquy, b., whispered, 
bronchophony elicited by causing the patient to 
whisper. 

bronchophthisis (brong-ko-thi'-sis) [broncho-; <j>6l.<ns, 
a wasting]. Pulmonary tuberculosis characterized 
by extensive lesions of the bronchial tubes. 

bronchophyma (brong-ko-fi'-mah) [broncho-; $vp.a, 
a growth]. Any growth, as a tubercle, in a bronchial 
tube. 

bronchoplasty (brong'-ko-plas-te) [broncho-; ir\aa- 
aeiv, to form]. The closure of a tracheal or bronchial 
fistula by operation. 

bronchoplegia (brong-ko-ple'-je-ah) [broncho-; w\riyri, 
a blow]. Paralysis of the bronchial tubes. 

bronchopleurisy (brong-ko-plu'-ris-e). Bronchitis 
existing with pleurisy. 

bronchopleuropneumonia (brong-ko-plu-ro-nu-mo'- 
ne-ah). Coexistent bronchitis, pleurisy, and pneu- 
monia. 

bronchopneumonia (brong-ko-nu-mo'-ne-ah) [bron- 
cho-; pneumonia]. Lobular pneumonia, a term 
applied to inflammation of the lungs, which, begin- 
ning in the bronchi, finally involves the parenchyma 
of the lungs. This disease is most frequently en- 
countered in children, but may occur in old age, 
and may be a simple catarrhal or a tuberculous pro- 
cess. Syn., bronchopneumonia; bronchoalveolitis ; 
bronchopneumonias; catarrhal pneumonia; micro- 
bronchitis. 

broncho pneumonitis (brong-ko-nii-mon-i'-tis). Bron- 
chopneumonia. 

bronchopulmonary (brong-ko-pul'-mon-a-re) . Re- 
lating to the bronchi and lungs. 

bronchorrhagia {brong-kor-a'-je-ah) [broncho-; 
prjyvwai, to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from the 
bronchial tubes. 

bronchorrhea, bronchorrhcea (brong-kor-e'-ah) 
[broncho-; ptlv, to flow]. A form of bronchitis 
attended with profuse expectoration. Syn., blen- 
norrhagia pulmonum; bronchoblennorrhea. b., serous, 
a form in which the sputum is serous. ■ 

bronchorrhoncus (brong-kor-ong'-kus). A bron- 
chial rale. 

bronchoscope (brong'-ko-skop) [broncho-; axoireiv, 
to look]. An instrument employed for the direct 
inspection of the interior of a bronchus. 

bronchoscopy {brong-kos'-ko-pe). Inspection of 
the interior of the bronchial tubes. 



brdnchospasm (brong'-ko-spazm) [broncho-; spasm]. 
Bronchial spasm. 

bronchostenosis (brong-ko-ste-no'-sis) [broncho-; 
<rrev6s, narrow]. Contraction of a bronchus. 

bronchotetany (brong-ko-tet'-an-e) [broncho-; tetany]. 
A condition characterized by extreme dyspnea 
caused by spasm of the muscles in the bronchi 
preventing the access of air to the lungs. 

bronchotome (brong'-ko-tom) [broncho-; rkuveiv, 
to cut]. An instrument for cutting the trachea or a 
bronchus in the operation of bronchotomy,- 

bronchotomy (brong-kot'-o-me) [see bronchotome]. 
Incision into the trachea, or bronchus. 

bronchotracheal (brong-ko-tra'-ke-al) [broncho-; 
rpaxela, the windpipe]. Relating to a bronchus 
(or to both bronchi) and to the trachea. 

bronchovesicular (brong-ko-ves-ik'-u-lar) [broncho-; 
vesicula, a vesicle]. Both bronchial and vesicular. 
See breath-sounds, table of. 

bronchus (brong'-kus) [0p6yxos, bronchus; pi., 
bronchi]. One of the primary divisions of the 
trachea, b., eparterial, the first branch of the right 
bronchus situated above the right pulmonary artery. 
b., hyparterial, the left bronchus and the remaining 
branches of the right bronchus, situated below the 
pulmonary artery. 

bronzed (bronzd). Tanned; of a bronzed color. 
b. skin, a symptom of Addison's disease, b.-skin 
disease. See Addison's disease. 

brood-cells, in cell-division, the mother-cells 
inclosing the daughter-cells. 

broom. See Scoparius. 

brossage (bro-sazh) [Fr. "brushing"]. The re- 
moving of granulations with a stiff brush, as in 
trachoma. 

Brossard's type of progressive muscular atrophy 
(bros-ar'). "Type femoral avec griffe des orteils" 
(femoral type with a claw-like appearance of the 
toes). See Eichhorst's type. 

broth. See bouillon. 

broussaisism (broo-sa-izm) [Francois Joseph Victor 
Broussais, French physician, 1772-1838]. The 
opinion that gastro-intestinal irritation is the prime 
cause of disease. 

brow (brow) [AS., bru]. The forehead; the super- 
ciliary ridge; the eyebrow; the upper anterior portion 
of the head, b.-ache, b.-ague, neuralgia of the first 
division of the fifth cranial nerve, generally due to 
malaria, b.-pang. Synonym of hemicrania. b. 
presentation, presentation of the fetal brow in labor. 

brown (broun) [AS., brun]. Having a dark color 
inclining toward red or yellow., b. atrophy, an 
atrophy of a tissue associated with a deposit therein 
of a brown or yellow pigment, b., Bismarck-. 
See Bismarck-brown, b. induration of lung, a state 
of the lung due to long-continued congestion, usually 
arising from valvular heart disease. It is charac- 
terized by an increase in connective tissue and an 
excess of pigment, b. mixture, mistura glycyrrhizse 
composita. b. ointment, the unguentum fuscum 
(N. F.); called also unguentum matris, or "mother's 
salve." It is composed of "brown plaster," 2 parts; 
oil, 1 part; suet, 1 part. b. plaster, the emplastrum 
fuscum camphoratum (N. F.) ; called also emplastrum 
matris camphoratum, or "camphorated mother's 
plaster"; official in German pharmacy. It is made 
of red oxide of lead, 30 parts; olive-oil, 60 parts; 
yellow wax, 15 parts; camphor, 1 part. 

Brown's phenomenon. See Brownian movement. 

Browne's (Crichton) sign. Tremor of the labial 
commissures and outer angles of the eyes in the 
early stage of paralytic dementia. 

Brownian movement [Robert Brown, English 
botanist, 1773-1858]. An oscillatory movement 
observed under the microscope in very fine granules, 
drops, etc., when suspended in a liquid. The move- 
ment is not locomotion, and is to be distinguished 
from that of the self-motility of living microorganisms. 
Its cause is not definitely known, but it may be 
due to heat, light, electricity, osmosis, etc. Same as 
pedesis. 

Brownism (brown-izm). See brunonian theory. 

Brown-Sequard's paralysis (sa-kar') [Charles 
Edouard Brown-S'equard, French physiologist and 
neurologist, i8i7-i8Q7]« Paralysis and hyperesthe- 
sia of one side and anesthesia of the other side of 
the body. 

Bruce and Muir, septomarginal tract of. A part 
of the descending posteromedial tract of the spinal 
cord. 



BRUCEA 



171 



BRYONIA 



Brucea {bru-se'-ah) [Bruce, the Abyssinian ex- 
plorer (1730-1794)]- A genus of plants of the 
order Simarubece. B. ferruginea is an Abyssinian 
species; the bark and root are used in dysentery. 
B. sumatrana is a species of the Asiatic tropics and 
of Australia; all parts of the plant are bitter, tonic, 
febrifuge, vermifuge, and antidysenteric. 

Bruch's glands {brook) [Carl Wilhelm Ludwig 
Bruch, German anatomist, 18 19-1884], Lymph- 
follicles found in the conjunctiva about the inner 
canthus of ruminants. B.'s layer, B.'s membrane, 
the lamina basalis which forms the inner boundary 
of the choroid. 

brucine (bru'-seri) [Brucea], C23H26N2O4. A poison- 
ous alkaloid found in Strychnos nux-vomica and in 
Strychnos ignatia. It crystallizes in prisms con- 
taining 4H2O, and melts at 178 °. Its taste is ex- 
ceedingly bitter and acrid. Its action on the animal 
economy is similar to, but much less powerful than, 
that of strychnine. Dose xV~ \ gr. (0.005-0.03 Gm.) ; 
maximum dose f gr. (0.05 Gm.), single; 3 gr. (0.2 
Gm.) a day Antidotes: chloral, chloroform, tannic 
acid. Syn., brucia; brucinum; brucium; pseudo- 
angustin; vomicine. b. hydrobromide, C23H26N2O4 . - 
HBr, a substitute for strychnine in ophthalmic 
surgery; it is 40 times less poisonous, b. hydro- 
chloride, C23H26N2O4 . HC1, small whi£e crystals, 
soluble in water; used as is brucine. b. nitrate, 
C23H26N2O4 . HNO3 +3H2O4, white crystalline powder, 
soluble in water; used as is brucine. b. phosphate, 
(C23H26N204).H2P04, white, crystalline powder, 
soluble in water; use and dose the same as those of 
brucine. b. sulphate, (C23H 2 6N204)2HS204+35H 2 0, 
white, microscopic crystals, soluble in water and 
alcohol; use and dosage the same as those of brucine. 

Brack's disease. A syndrome described by Bruck 
as consisting of multiple fractures and marked 
deformity of bones, ankylosis of most of the joints, 
and muscular atrophy. 

Brudzinski's signs (brood-zin'-ske). 1. In menin- 
gitis, if the neck of the patient is bent forwards, 
flexion occurs at the hip, knee and ankle. 2. In 
meningitis, when forcible flexion of the lower limb 
on one side is made, flexion or extension will be 
observed in the opposite limb; this is also called 
contralateral reflex. 

Bruecke's lines {brook' -eh) [Ernst Wilhelm Bruecke, 
Austrian physiologist, 1819-1892]. The broad bands 
which alternate with Krause's membranes in the 
fibrils of striated muscles. B.'s muscle. 1. See 
Bowman's muscle. 2. The muscularis mucosa? of 
the small and large intestine. B.'s reagent for pro- 
teids, saturate a boiling 10 % solution of potassium 
iodide with freshly precipitated mercuric iodide. 
Filter when cool; the filtrate is used with hydro- 
chloric acid as a precipitant for the proteids. B.'s 
tunica nervea, the layers of the retina, exclusive of 
the rods and cones. 

Bruenninghausen's method (bru'-ning-how-zen) 
[Hermann Joseph Bruenninghausen, German physi- 
cian, 1 761-1834]. The induction of premature labor 
by dilating the cervix uteri. 

Braggiser's hernia. See Kroenlein's hernia. 

bruise (brooz). See contusion. 

bruissement (bru-es-mon(g)) [Ft.]. A purring 
sound heard on auscultation. 

bruit (bru-e) [Ft., "a noise or report"]. An ad- 
ventitious sound heard on auscultation. For kinds — 
amphoric, rotatory, etc. — see murmur, b., aneurys- 
mal, the blowing murmur heard over an aneurysm. 
b. d'airain, the ringing note heard through the 
stethoscope applied to the chest-wall when a coin is 
struck against another pressed against the surface 
of the chest on the opposite side. It is pathogno- 
monic of a collection of gas in the pleural cavity. 
b. de clapbtement, a splashing sound often heard in 
cases of well-marked dilatation of the storrfach when 
pressure is made upon the abdominal walls, b. de 
craquement, b. de cuir neuf, the creaking sound, 
like that of new leather, sometimes heard in peri- 
carditis, b. de diable, a humming, rushing sound 
heard in the veins in anemia, b. de drapeau, a 
rustling murmur heard in croup and laryngitis. 
b. de froissement, a clashing sound of the lungs or 
heart, b. de galop, a cantering rhythm of the heart- 
sounds, in which, owing to a reduplication of the 
second sound, three sounds are heard. It occurs 
most frequently in mitral stenosis, b. de lime, a 
cardiac sound as if made by a file or saw. b. de 
moulin, the water-wheel sound, b. de pot fele, 



the cracked-pot sound, b. de rappel, a sound 
resembling the double beat upon a drum. b. de 
scie. Same as b. de lime. b. de soufflet, the bellows- 
murmur, b., placental, the uterine souffle, a blowing 
sound heard over the uterus in pregnancy. 

Brun's law (broon). Same as Bastian's law, q. v. 

Bran's test for uric acid in minute particles. 
Examine the particle in naphthalin monobromide, 
the index of refraction of which is 1.66. Compare 
this with indexes of refraction of uric acid, 1.73; 
calcium oxalate, 1.60; calcium phosphate, 1.63. If 
on raising the tube of the microscope the crystal 
becomes brilliant, the substance under the micro- 
scope has a higher index than the fluid in which it is 
immersed; it becomes darker if the substance has a 
lower index than the fluid. 

branet, or brunette (bru-nef) [Ft.]. 1. Of a dark 
complexion. 2. One with a dark complexion. 

Brunfelsia (brun-fel'-se-ah) [O. Brunfels, a botanist 
of Metz, 1464-1534]. A genus of plants of the 
order Saponacece. A syrup made from the fruit of 
B. americana, a West Indian species, is used as a 
tonic in recovery from diarrhea. B. uniflora, of 
Brazil, is purgative, emetic, and emmenagogue. 
Syn., mer curio vegetal. 

Brann's cell-nests, B.'s epithelial nests {broon) 
[Albert von Brunn, German anatomist, 1849-1895]. 
Branched or solid groups of fiat epithelial cells oc- 
curring in all normal ureters. B.'s glands. See 
Brunner's glands. B.'s layer, B.'s membrane, the 
stratum of more or less pyramidal epithelial cells 
forming the deep layer of the nasal mucous membrane. 

Brunner's glands (broo'-ner) [Johann Conrad 
Brunner, Swiss anatomist, 1653-1727]- The race- 
mose glands found in the wall of the duodenum. 

Branonian movement. See Brownian movement. 
B. theory, Brownism; a doctrine, taught by Dr. John 
Brown (1735-88), that both physiological and 
pathological phenomena are due to variations in a 
natural stimulus, its excess causing sthenic, and its 
deficiency producing asthenic, diseases. 

brush [OF., broce]. An instrument consisting of a 
collection of some flexible material fastened to a 
handle. In medicine various forms of brushes are 
employed, as the acid brush, of glass threads; the 
electric brush, an electrode in the form of a brush; 
the laryngeal brush; the nasal, pharyngeal, and 
stomach brush, b.-burn, the injury produced by 
violent friction and the resulting heat;_ it often 
resembles a burn or scald, b., terminal. See 
motorial end-plate. 

Bryant's ampulla (bri'-ant) [Sir Thomas Bryant, 
English surgeon]. The apparent distention of an 
artery immediately above a ligature, due to the 
contraction of the vessel above the ampulla, where it 
is not completely filled by the clot. B.'s iliofemoral 
triangle, the rectangle formed by a vertical line 
dropped from the anterior superior iliac spine to the 
horizontal plane of the body; by a second line drawn 
from the anterior superior iliac spine to the tip of 
the trochanter, and by a third, the "test-line," which 
joins the two at a right angle to the vertical line. 
Shortening of the neck of the femur will be indicated 
by a shortening of the test-line. B.'s line, the 
vertical line forming one of the boundaries of the 
iliofemoral triangle. B.'s operation," for lumbar 
colotomy; an oblique incision is made midway between 
the last rib and the iliac crest. The bowel is fixed 
in position and opened. 

Bryce's test [James Bryce, Scotch physician]. 
For vaccinal infection: the inoculation is repeated 
at a certain period in the evolution of vaccinia, upon 
the theory that systemic infection does not take place 
at once, but only after the lapse of a number of days 
from the time of inoculation. 

brygmus (brig'-mus) [fipvynfc, biting]. Same as 
odontoprisis. 

bryology (bri-oV-o-je) [Ppvov, a moss; X670S, a 
science]. The science of mosses. 

bryonia (bri-o'-ne-ah) [fipvoivla, bryony]. Bryony. 
The root of B. alba and B. dioica, indigenous to 
Europe. Its properties are due to an intensely bitter 
glucoside, bryonin, C4SH80O19, which is a strong irri- 
tant when applied to the skin or mucous membrane, 
often producing vesication. It is used in pleurisy, 
pleuropneumonia, rheumatic fever, and colds. Dose 
of the powdered root 10-30 gr. (0.65-2.0 Gm.); of 
the infusion (1 : 16) \-2 oz. (15-60 Cc); of the 
tincture, a 10 % solution of the root in alcohol, 1-2 
dr. (4-8 Cc). 



BRYONIDIN 



172 



BUFOTALIN 



bryonidin (bri-on'-id-in). A glucoside isolated from 
Bryonia alba, more active than bryonin. 

bryonin {bri'-o-niri). See under bryonia. 

bryony (bri-o'-ne). See bryonia. 

bryoplastic (bri-o-plas'-tik) [fipvov, moss; niKaaaeiv, 
to form]. A descriptive term loosely applied to such 
abnormal growths of tissue as resemble vegetable 
forms. 

Bryson's sign [Alexander Bryson, English physi- 
cian, 1802-1869]. Diminished power of expansion 
of the thorax during inspiration; occasionally ob- 
served in exophthalmic goiter and in neurasthenia. 

B. S. Abbreviation for (1) Bachelor of Science 
and (2) Bachelor of Surgery. 

B. Sc. Abbreviation for Bachelor of Science. 

bubo (bu'-bo) [Povfiwv, the groin]. Inflammation 
and swelling of a lymphatic gland, particularly of 
the groin, and usually following chancroid, gonorrhea, 
or syphilitic infection. Syn., adin; inguinal adenitis; 
sympathetic abscess, b., absorption. See b., viru- 
lent, b., indolent, one with enlargement and hyper- 
plasia without the formation of pus or any tendency 
to break down. Syn., adenitis e blennorrhea; adenitis 
e sclerosi. b., parotid. See parotitis, b., pesti- 
lential, that associated with the plague, b., pri- 
mary, a slight adenitis of the groin due to mechanical 
irritation or other cause; formerly supposed to be 
due to syphilis without a chancre having preceded. 
b., rheumatic, a hard lump, occurring oftenest on 
the back of the neck, as a sequel of acute articular 
rheumatism, b., serpiginous, an ulcerated bubo 
which changes its seat or in which the ulceration 
extends in one direction while healing in another. 
b., simple. See b., sympathetic, b., strumous, 
hypertrophied glands forming a large indolent 
swelling in a scrofulous subject. b., sympathetic, 
one caused by irritation, friction, injury, etc., and 
not arising from an infectious disease, b., syphilitic, 
that which appears in syphilis a few days after the 
primary lesion. It runs a slow course of six months 
or more. Syn., primitive syphilitic adenitis, b., 
venereal, that due to venereal disease, b., viru- 
lent, an ulcerated, suppurating bubo due to ab- 
sorption of the virus of a chancre. Syn., chancrous 
adenitis. 

bubon d'emblee [Fr.]. See bubo, primary. 

bubonadenitis (bu-bon-ad-en-i'-tis) [bubo; adriv, a 
gland; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of an 
inguinal gland. 

bubonalgia (bu-bon-al'-je-ah) [bubo; akyos, pain]. 
Pain in the inguinal region. 

bubonic (bu-bon'-ik) [see bubo]. Relating to a 
bubo. b. plague. Synonym of plague. 

bubonocele (bu-bon'-o-sel) [fiovfiuiv, the groin; 
Kifhi), hernia]. Inguinal hernia when the gut does 
not extend beyond the inguinal canal. 

bubononcus {bu-bon-ong'-kus) [bubo; 67/cos, a 
tumor]. A swelling in the groin. 

bubonopanus (Jbu-bon-o-pa'-nus) [bubo; irapos, 
torch]. An inguinal bubo. 

bubonulus (bu-bon'-u-lus) [L., dim. of bubo]. 
Lymphangitis of the dorsum of the penis, often with 
abscesses; due to chancroidal virus. 

bubophthalmia (bu-bof-thal'-me-ah). See kerato- 
globus. 

bucardia (bii-kar'-de-ah) [/3o0s, ox; Kapdla, heart]. 
Cor bovinum; see bovine heart. 

bucca (buk'-ah) [L. gen. and pi., bucca]. 1. The 
cheek; the hollow of the cheek, or its inner surface. 
2. The mouth. 

buccal {buk'-al) [bucca, the cheek]. Pertaining 
to the cheek or mouth, b. coitus, sexual perversion 
where gratification is found by mouth. 

buccellation (buk-sel-a'-shun) [bucella, a morsel]. 
Hemostasis by a lint compress. 

buccilingual (buk-se-ling'-wal) [bucca; lingua, the 
tongue]. Relating to the cheek and the tongue. 

buccinatolabialis (buk-sin-al-o-la-be-a'-lis). The 
buccinator and orbicularis oris regarded as one. 

buccinator (buk'-sin-a-tor) [L., "a trumpeter"]. 
The thin, fiat muscle of the cheek. See muscles, 
table of. 

buccobranchial (buk-o-brang'-ke-al). Relating to 
the mouth and the branchial cavity. 

buccocervical (buk-o-ser' -vik-al) [bucca, cheek; 
cervix, neck]. Pertaining to the cheek and the neck. 

buccogingival (buk-o-jin'-jiv-al). Pertaining to 
the cheek and the gums. 

buccolabial (buk-o-la' -be-al) [bucca, cheek; labium, 
lip]. Pertaining to the cheek and the lip. 



buccolingually (buk-o-lin'-gwal-e). From the cheek 
toward the tongue. 

buccopharyngeal (buk-o-far-in'-je-al) [bucca, the 
mouth; pharynx]. Relating to the mouth and to 
the pharynx. 

buccula (buk'-u-lah) [L., dim. of bucca]. The 
fleshy fold seen beneath the chin, and forming what 
is called a double chin. 

Buchner's albuminoid bodies (bookh'-ner). De- 
fensive proteids. B.'s humoral theory of immunity. 
This supposes that a reactive change has been brought 
about in the integral cells of the body by the primary 
affection from which there has been recovery, and 
this change is protective against similar invasions 
of the same organism. 

buchu (bu'-kii) [native African]. The leaves of 
several species of Barosma, yielding a volatile oil, 
to which its properties are probably due, and a 
bitter extractive, barosmin. Dose 1-5 gr. (0.065- 
0.32 Gm.). It causes a sensation of glowing warmth 
over the body, stimulates the appetite, and increases 
the circulation. It is useful in cystitis and other 
affections of the genitourinary mucous membrane. 
Dose of the leaves 15-30 gr. (1-2 Gm.). b., fluid- 
extract of (fluidextr actum buchu, U. S. P.). Dose 10 
min.-i dr. (0.65-4.0 Cc). b., infusion of (infusum 
buchu, B. P.J. Dose 1-4 oz. (30-120 Cc). b. resin, 
barosma. b., tincture of (tinctura buchu, B. P.). 
Dose 1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc). 

Buchwald's atrophy (buk-volt). Idiopathic, diffuse, 
progressive atrophy of the skin. 

Buck's extension [Gurdon Buck, American surgeon, 
1807-1877]. An apparatus consisting of a weight 
and pulley for applying extension to a limb. B.'s 
fascia, the sheath of the corpora cavernosa and the 
corpus spongiosum, which arises from the symphysis 
pubis by the suspensory ligament of the penis and 
is continuous with the deep layer of the superficial 
perineal fascia. 

buck-bean (buk'-ben). Bog-bean. The rhizome 
of Menyanthes trifoliata, tonic, antiscorbutic, and 
emmenagogue. It has been recommended as a vermi- 
fuge, and has been used in functional amenorrhea. 
Dose of fluidextr act 5-30 min. (0.32-2.0 Cc). 

bucket fever. Dengue, q. v. 

buckeye bark (buk'-i bark). The bark of ^Esculus 
glabra, astringent and tonic, used in rectal irritation, 
prolapse, and various uterine derangements. Dose 
of fluidextr act 3-5 min. (0.2-0.32 Cc). 

buckthorn {buk' -thorn) . See frangula and rhamnus. 
b., California. See cascara sagrada. 

bucnemia (buk-ne'-me-ah) [0ous, an ox; wri/it], 
the leg]. Inflammation of the leg, characterized 
by tenseness and swelling; elephantiasis; also phleg- 
masia dolens. b. tropica, elephantiasis arabum. 

Budd's cirrhosis [William Budd, English physi- 
cian, 1811-1880]. Hepatic cirrhosis due to auto- 
intoxication from the gastrointestinal tract. B.'s 
jaundice. See Rokitansky's disease. 

Budde's method (bood'-deh) [G. Budde, Danish 
chemist]. A method of preserving milk. To a 
quart of fresh milk 12 cc of a 3 per cent, solution of 
peroxide of hydrogen is added; the mixture is heated 
to 124 F., for a few hours, and is then rapidly cooled, 
when it is supposed to be sterilized. 

buddeise (bood'-de-lz). To treat by Budde's 
method. 

budding (bud'-ing) [ME., budden]. In biology, a 
form of reproduction or cell-division, occurring among 
the polyps and infusorians, in which a bud is given 
off by the parent and comes to resemble the latter. 
The process is also called gemmation. 

Budge's center. 1. The ciliospinal center in the 
cervical spinal cord. 2. The genitospinal center 
in the lumbar spinal cord. 

Buehlmann's fibers (b el-man). Certain lines on 
decayed teeth. 

Buetschili's nuclear spindle (bet'-she-le). The 
spindle-shaped figure observed during karyokinesis. 

buffers' consumption (buf'-erz con-sump' -shun). 
The phthisis occurring among metal-polishers. 

bufty coat (buf'-e). A grayish or buff -colored 
crust or layer sometimes seen upon a blood-clot, 
after phlebotomy, and once looked upon as a sign of 
inflammation. It is caused by the partial subsidence 
of the red blood-corpuscles. 

bufidine {bu'-fid-en) [bufo, the toad]. Phrynine, 
a poisonous alkaloid from the venom of the toad. 

bufotalin (bic-fo'-tal-in), C119H171O25. A toxic 
substance isolated by Phisalix and Bertrand from 



BUFOTENIN 



173 



BUNSEN BURNER 



the parotid gland and skin of the common toad, 
Bufo vulgaris; it is a transparent resin, soluble in 
chloroform, alcohol, and acetone. It acts on the 
heart and does not affect the nervous centers. 

bufotenin (bii-fo'-ten-in). A toxic body found 
with bufotalin (q. v.) ; it exerts a powerfully paralyzing 
action on the nervous centers. 

bugantia (bu-gan'-she-ah) [L.]. A chilblain. 

buggery (bug'-er-e) [OF., bougre, an heretic]. 
Sodomy; bestiality. 

bugleweed (bu'-gl-wed). The herb, Lycopus 
virginicus, narcotic and astringent. Dose of fldext. 
5 ss-ij. Lycopin, concentrated extract. Dose gr. 
j-iv. 

Buhl's desquamative pneumonia (bool) [Ludwig 
von Buhl, German physician, 1816-1880]. Caseous 
pneumonia, in which the exudate consists chiefly 
of desquamated alveolar epithelium. B.'s disease, 
acute fatty degeneration of the viscera of the new- 
born, with hemorrhages in various parts of the body. 

Buhl-Dittrich's law. In every case of acute general 
miliary tuberculosis an old focus of caseation is to 
be found somewhere in the body. This law, being 
based upon the belief in the etiologic nonidentity 
of diffuse caseous and miliary tuberculosis, is not in 
conformity with modern views. 

bukardia (bil-kar'-de-ah) [PovicapSia., ox-heart]. 
Hypertrophy of the heart. 

Bulam, or Bulama boil (bu'-lam or bu-lam'-ah). 
A boil occurring on the African island of Bulam; 
probably caused by a burrowing-worm or insect- 
larva. B. fever, a West-Africa coast fever, said to 
be identical with yellow fever. 

bulb [L., bulbus]. 1. An oval or circular expansion 
of a cylinder or tube. 2. The medulla oblongata. 
b., arterial, the anterior part of the embryonic heart 
from the division of which the aortic and pulmonary- 
stems have their origin, b., brachial, b., brachi- 
orhachidian, the expansion of the spinal cord at the 
place of distribution of the nerves forming the 
brachial plexus, b. of the corpus cavernosum, the 
swelling at the junction of the corpora cavernosa. 
b., crural, the dilatation of the spinal cord in the 
lumbar region, b., dental, dental papilla, b. of 
the eye, the eyeball, b.s, four, the corpora quadri- 
gemina. b., gustatory. See taste-bulbs, b., hair-, 
the swelling at the root of a hair, b., nerve-. See 
end-bud and motorial end-plate, b., olfactory, one of 
the two bulbs of the olfactory nerve situated on each 
side of the longitudinal fissure upon the under sur- 
face of each anterior lobe of the cerebrum, b., 
rhachidian, the oblongata. b. of spinal cord, b. of 
spinal marrow, the oblongata, b.s, tonsillar, the 
lobules of the cerebellum. Syn., bulbi tonsillares. 
b. of urethra, the posterior expanded part of the 
corpus spongiosum, b. of vagina, a small body of 
erectile tissue on each side of the vestibule of the 
vagina, homologous to the bulb of the urethra of 
the male. b. of vena jugularis, the dilatation at the 
termination of the external jugular vein. 

bulbar (bul'-bar). Bulbous. Pertaining to the 
medulla, b. disease, b. paralysis, a term applied 
to the progressive and symmetrical paralysis of the 
muscles of the mouth, tongue, pharynx, and some- 
times those of the larynx. This paralysis is due to a 
disease of the motor nuclei in the medulla oblongata; 
an acute and a chronic form are met. The acute 
form is due to hemorrhage or softening; the chronic, 
to degeneration. There is also a pseudobulbar 
paralysis, due to symmetrical lesions of the motor 
cerebral cortex. Syn., labioglossolaryngeal paralysis. 

bulbi vestibuli (btd'-bi ves-tib'-u-li) [L.J. A name 
sometimes given to the glands of Bartholin. 

bulbocavernosus (bul-bo-kav-ern-o'-sus) [bulb; 
caverna, a cavern]. The accelerator urinae muscle, 
corresponding to the sphincter vaginae of the female. 

bulbonuclear (bul-bo-nu' '-kle-ar) . Relating to the 
oblongata and its nerve-nuclei. 

bulbopetal (bul-bop'-et-al) [bulb; pelere, to seek]. 
Moving toward the bulb ; said of nerve-impulses. 

bulbourethral {bul-bo-u-re'-thral) [bulb; ovpi)dpa, 
the urethra]. Relating to the bulb of the urethra. 

bulbous [bulb]. Terminating in a bulb. 

bulbus (bul'-bus) [L.]. A bulb. b. arteriosus, 
at a certain stage in the development of the heart 
the upper aortic enlargement is so called, b. cin- 
ereus. See bulb, olfactory, b. crinis, a hair-bulb. 
b. oculi, the globe of the eye. b. pili. Same as 
b. crinis. b. rhachidicus, the oblongata, b. urethras. 
See urethra, b. venae jugularis internae inferior, an 



enlargement of the jugular vein immediately above 
its union with the subclavian vein. b. venae jugularis 
internae superior, an enlargement of the internal 
jugular vein at the point of exit from the jugular 
foramen, b. vestibuli, the bulb of the vagina; see 
bulb of vagina. 

bulesis (bu-le'-sis) [/3ouXi?<ris, the will]. The will, 
or an act of the will. 

bulimia (bu-lim'-e-ah) [/Sous, an ox; Xi/z6s, hunger]. 
Excessive, morbic hunger; it sometimes occurs in 
idiots and insane persons, and it is also a symptom 
of diabetes mellitus and of certain cerebral lesions. 
Syn., bulimiasis; bulimy. 

bulimic (bu-lim'-ik). See bulimia. 

bulla (bul'-ah) [L., "a bubble"]. A bleb or blister, 
consisting of a portion of the epidermis detached 
from the skin by the infiltration beneath it of watery 
fluid, the result of a liquefaction-necrosis, b. 
dolentissima, a small, very painful cutaneous ulcer, 
which persists for a long time. b. ethmoidalis, a 
rounded projection into the middle meatus of the 
nose, due to an enlarged ethmoid cell. b. a frigore, 
a blister from the effect of cold, bullae gangraenosae, 
those occurring in moist gangrene of the skin. b. 
ossea, the inflated or dilated part of the bony ex- 
ternal meatus of the ear. 

bullate (bul'-at) [bulla, a bubble]. 1. Inflated; 
fornicated and with thin walls; blistered; marked 
by bullae. 2. Of bacterial cultures, a growth rising 
in convex prominences, like a blistered surface. 

bullation {bul-a'-shun) [bullare, to bubble]. 1. In- 
flation. 2. Division into small compartments. 

bull-dog forceps. Forceps with strong teeth and 
a clasp to prevent slipping. 

Buller's shield. A watch-glass in a frame of 
adhesive plaster or rubber worn in front of the 
sound eye to protect it from an infected eye. 

bullet forceps. For extracting bullets. 

bulletin (JbuV -let-in) [bulla, a seal]. A brief, 
official statement of a patient's condition. 

bullet-probe. An instrument for locating bullets. 

bullous (bul'-us) [bulla]. Marked by bullae; of 
the nature of a bulla. 

bundle {bun'-dl) [AS., bindan, to bind]. In 
biology, a fascicular grouping of elementary tissues, 
as nerve-fibers or muscle-fibers, b., aberrant, a 
band of nerve-fibers in the isthmus of the gyrus 
fornicatus. b., anterior marginal, the ventral part 
of the descending cerebellar tract in the spinal cord. 
b., atrioventricular, the bundle of His. b., ground, 
anterior, the anterior root zone in the white matter 
of the spinal cord, b., ground, lateral, a part of the 
lateral column of the cord extending from the ventral 
to the dorsal horn, b., hemispheral, the posterior 
one of the two bundles composing the anterior com- 
missure. It originates in the pyramidal cells of the 
temporal lobe and amygdaloid nucleus, passes through 
the external capsule and lenticula, unites with the 
mesial part of the commissure at the point of the 
decussation of its fibers, and radiates to the opposite 
temporal lobe, b., longitudinal, a bundle of fibers 
outside of the optic radiation, passing from the occi- 
pital to the temporal lobe, b., marginal, a small 
fasciculus at the end of the dorsal cornu of the spinal 
cord, b., primitive, b., Schwann's primitive, a 
muscular fiber, b., respiratory, the solitary fasci- 
culus, b., solitary, b., trineural. See under solitary. 
See also Helweg, His, Krause, Lenhossek, Meynert, 
Spitzka, Stilling, Turck, Vicq d'Azyr, Weissmann. 

Bunge's law. The epithelial cells of the mammary 
gland (of the rabbit, cat, and dog) select from the 
mineral salts of the blood-plasma all the inorganic 
substances exactly in the proportion in which they 
are necessary for the development of the offspring 
and for the building-up of the latter's organism. 

bunioid {boo' -ne-oid) [fiowos, a hill; elSos, like- 
ness]. _ Having a round form; applied to tumors. 

bunion (bun'-yun) [origin uncertain]. A swelling 
of a bursa of the foot, especially of the metatarso- 
phalangeal joint of the great toe. 

bunodont (bu'-no-dont) [(iovvos, a hill, mound; 
6606s, tooth]. Pertaining to tuberculate molar 
teeth. 

bunogaster {bu-no-gas'-ter) [fiowos, a little hill; 
yao-rrip, stomach]. A protruding abdomen. 

Bunsen burner [Robert Wilhelm Bunsen, German 
chemist and physicist, 1811-1899]. A form of burner 
in which, before ignition, the gas is mixed with a 
sufficient quantity of air to produce complete oxi- 
dation. B. cell. In this the positive element is 



BUPHANE 



174 



BURTON'S LINE 



zinc; the negative element, carbon; exciting agent, 
dilute sulphuric acid; depolarizing agent, nitric acid; 
E.M.F., 1.75-1-96 volts. 

Buphane {bu'-fan-e) [L.]. A genus of plants of 
the order Amaryllidea. B. disticha is a native of 
the Cape of Good Hope; the juice of the bulb is 
used as an arrow-poison by the Hottentots. 

buphthalmia, buphthalmos {buf-thal'-me-ah, -mos). 
See keratoglobus. 

bur, burr [ME., burre]. 1. In botany, a rough, 
prickly shell or case. 2. The lobe of the ear. 3. In 
dentistry, an instrument with a rounded, pointed, 
cylindrical or ovoid head and a cutting blade, used 
in the dental engine for excavating carious dentine 
and for other purposes, b., surgical, an instrument 
similar in form to a dental bur, but larger, designed 
for surgical operations upon the bones. 

Burckhardt's corpuscles, peculiar angular or 
roundish bodies of a yellowish color found in the 
secretion of trachoma. 

burcquism {boork'-izm). See metallotherapy. 

Burdach's column {boor'-dakh) [Karl Friedrich 
Burdach, German physiologist, 1776-1847]. The 
posteroexternal column of the spinal cord. B.'s 
fissure, a small fissure between the insula and the 
operculum. B.'s nucleus, the cuneate nucleus, a 
small nucleus of gray matter in the funiculus cuneatus 
of the oblongata, forming the termination of the long 
fibers of Burdach's column. B.'s operculum. See 
Arnold's operculum. 

burdock (Jber'-dok). See Lappa. 

burette, buret {bu-ret') [Fr.]. A graduated tube 
designed for measuring small quantities of a reagent. 
It is usually held vertically in a stand and is provided 
with a stopcock. 

Burgundy pitch. See under pix. 

burking [Burke, a noted criminal]. Suffocation 
produced- by a combination of pressure on the chest 
with closure of the mouth and nostrils. This was 
the method employed by Burke. 

Burma boil. A form of endemic ulcer common 
in Burma. B. head, a disease of the Burmese 
territory marked by loss of memory, idiocy, homicidal 
mania, and inability to walk. 

burn. 1. To become inflamed. 2. To char or 
scorch. 3. To have the sensation of heat. 4. An 
injury caused by fire or dry heat. 5- A disease in 
vegetables. 6. In chemistry, to oxygenize. 7. In 
surgery, to cauterize, b., brush-. See brush-burn. 

Burnam's test for formaldehyde {bur'-nam) [Curtis 
Field Burnam, American surgeon]. Same as Rimini's 
test, q. v. 

burner [see burn], A common name for a lamp 
or heating apparatus used in laboratories for chemical 
and pharmaceutical purposes. See Argand, Bunsen. 

Burnett's disinfecting fluid {bur-net') [Sir William 
Burnett, English surgeon, 1779-1861]. A strong solu- 
tion of zinc chloride with a little iron chloride. 

burning (burn'-ing) [ME., bernen, to burn]. Con- 
suming with heat or fire. b. bush, euonymus. b. 
glass, a convex lens or concave mirror causing a 
sufficient concentration of the sun's rays to ignite an 
object placed at the focus, b. of the feet, a neurotic 
affection of the soles of the feet, common in India. 
b. oil, kerosene, b. point, in testing petroleum oils, 
the temperature at which a spark or lighted jet will 
ignite the liquid itself, which then continues to burn. 
This point is usually 6° to 20 C. higher than the 
flash-point, but there is no fixed relation between the 
two. 

Burns' amaurosis [John Burns, Scotch physician, 
1774-1850]. Postmarital amblyopia. Impaired 
vision caused by sexual excess. B.'s ligament [Alan 
Burns, Scotch anatomist, 1781-1813]. See Hey's 
ligament. 

Burow's solution {boo'-ro) [Karl August Burow, 
German surgeon, 1 809-1 874]. A solution consisting 
of alum, 5 parts; lead acetate, 25 parts; in 500 parts 
of water; used to wash old ulcers. B.'s vein. An 
inconstant venous trunk formed by branches of the 
inferior epigastric veins and joining the umbilical vein. 

burquism (berk'-izm). Same as burcquism. 

burr. See bur. 

burring {bur'-ing) [ME., borre, a harshness in the 
throat]. Rhotacism; in stammering, the mispro- 
nunciation of the letter r. b. engine, a dental 
appliance for the use of burs, etc., in forming cavities, 
etc. See dental engine. 

burrow {bur' -6) [ME., borow, a hole]. 1. To make 
a hole or furrow, as in the skin; said of the itch 



insect. 2. To force a way through, as pus through 
the tissues. 

burrowing {bur'-o-irtg). The term given to the 
passage of pus through the tissues after the formation 
of an abscess. 

bursa {bur'-sah) [L., "a purse"]. A small sac 
interposed between parts that move upon one 
another, b., accidental, b., adventitious, one 
resembling a bursa mucosa, but due to friction or 
pressure, b., acromial, external, one beneath the 
acromion, between the coracoid process, the deltoid 
muscle, and the capsular ligament, b., acromial, 
internal, one lying above the acromion, between the 
tendon of the infraspinatus and the teres major. 
b. anserina, one under the insertion of the gracilis 
and sartorius muscles, b. cordis, the pericardium. 
b., gluteal. See under gluteal, b., gluteofascial, 
b., gluteotrochanteric, one lying between the tro- 
chanter major and the gluteus maximus. b., iliac. 
1. One lying between the tendon of the iliacus muscle 
and the trochanter minor. 2. One between the 
pelvic brim and the iliopsoas muscle, b. mucosa, 
a membranous sac secreting synovial fluid, b., 
obturator, one under the tendon of the obturator 
internus. b., omental, b. omentalis, a large cavity 
formed by the peritoneum back of the stomach and 
in the great omentum. The lesser peritoneal sac. 
b. patellae, b. patellaris, one lying between the patella 
and the skin. b. patellae amplificata, housemaid's 
knee. b. patellaris lateralis externa, one lving 
between the patella and the external lateral dilatation 
of the tendon of the quadriceps extensor cruris; 
it is rarely found, b. patellaris lateralis interna, 
one between the patella and the inner lateral dilatation 
of the quadriceps extensor cruris; it may be either 
deep or superficial, b. pharyngea, a blind pouch 
projecting upward from the pharynx toward the 
occipital bone, b., plantar, one over the instep 
either above or below a tendon, b., popliteal, a bursa 
situated in the popliteal space between the tendon 
of the semimembranosus and the tendon of the 
inner head of the gastrocnemius, where they rub 
against each other, b., prepatellar, a bursa situated 
over the patella and the upper part of the patellar 
ligament, b., riders', an enlarged bursa due to 
excessive horseback riding, b. sacralis, one found 
in the aged over the sacrococcygeal articulation or 
over the spine of the fourth or fifth sacral vertebra. 
b., subhyoid. See subhyoid bursa, b., synovial, 
one found between tendons and bony surfaces. 
b. testium, the scrotum. 

bursal {bur'-sal) [bursa, a purse]. Pertaining to a 
bursa, sac, or follicle. 

bursalis {bursa' -lis). The obturator internus 
muscle. 

bursalogy {bur-sal' -o-je) [bursa, a purse; \6yos, 
science]. The science or study of the bursas; the 
anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the bursas. 

Bursera {bur'-ser-ah) [Burser, German botanist]. 
A genus of tropical trees, several species of which 
afford resinous gums. B. gummifera is a native of 
South America; the resin, chibou or cachibou, is 
used in plasters and salves and internally in diseases 
of the lungs and kidney. The leaves are vulnerary, 
the bark is anthelmintic and antigonorrheic, and the 
root is used in diarrhea. 

burserin {bur'-ser-in) [see Bursera]. A resinous 
constituent of opobalsamum. 

bursiform {bur'-sif-orm) [bursa, a purse; forma, 
form]. _ Resembling a bursa. 

bursine {bur' -sen). An alkaloid isolated from 
Capsella bursa-pastoris. It is a yellow, deliquescent 
powder, used as an astringent, tonic, and styptic 
instead of ergot, and hypodermatically in aqueous 
solution. 

bursitis {bur-si' -tis) [bursa, a purse; ins, inflam- 
mation]. Inflammation of a bursa, b., omental, 
inflammation of the omental bursa, b., prepatel- 
laris, housemaid's knee, b., retrocalcaneal. See 
achillodynia. b., Thornwaldt's, catarrhal inflam- 
mation of the anterior portion of the median recess 
of the nasopharynx. 

bursopathy {bur-sop' -ath-e) [bursa; iraffos, suffer- 
ing]. Any disease ot the bursa, particularly dropsy 
due to some general disease. 

bursula {bur'-su-lah) [dim. of bursa, a purse]. 
A small bursa; the scrotum. 

Burton's line [Henry Burton, English physician, 
19th cent.]. A blue line along the margins of the 
gums in chronic lead-poisoning. 



BUTANE 



175 



BYTHIUM 



butane (bu'-tan), C4H10. An anesthetic substance 
isolated from petroleum. Syn., butyl hydride. 

Butcher's saw [Richard G. Butcher, Irish sur- 
geon]. A saw used in amputations and excisions; 
it has a narrow blade that can be adjusted at any 
angle, so that it runs easily and in any direction. 

butter (but'-er) [butyrum, butter]. 1. The fatty 
part of the milk obtained by rupturing the cells of 
the fat-globules by "churning" or mechanical agi- 
tation. 2. Various vegetable fats having the con- 
sistency of butter. 3. Certain chemical products 
having the appearance or consistence of butter. 
b. of antimony, chloride of antimony, b. of cacao. 
See cacao butter, b. of tin, chloride of tin. b. of 
zinc, zinc chloride. 

butterfly patch. A patch of lupus erythematosus 
on the cheeks and nose. 

butterine (but'-er-en) [butter]. An artificial sub- 
stitute for butter, made principally of beef-fat. 
Oleomargarine. 

buttermilk (but'-er-milk). The liquid left after 
extracting the butter from cream, b.-belly, a dis- 
tended abdomen; pot-belly. 

butternut (but'-er-nut). See juglans. 

buttocks (but'-uks) [dim. of butt, an end]. The 
nates. The fleshy part of the body posterior to the 
hip-joints, formed by the masses of the glutei muscles. 

button (but'-un). See furunculus orientalis. b., 
Amboyna. See frambesia. b. anastomosis, anas- 
tomosis by means of a Murphy button, b., belly-, 
the navel, b., Biskra. See furunculus orientalis. 
b.-bush, the bark of Cephalanthus occidentalis, a 
tonic, febrifuge, and diuretic. Dose of fluidextract 
|-i dr. (2-4 Cc). b., Chlumsky's, an intestinal 
button made of pure magnesium after the pattern 
of the Murphy button. It remains undissolved for 
four weeks, only the outer . part becoming softer. 
b., Corrigan's, a steel, button-shaped cautery-iron, 
introduced by Sir J. C. Corrigan (1802-80). b.- 
makers' chorea. See chorea, buttonmaker's. b., 
Murphy, a device used in gastroenterostomy or 
intestinal anastomosis, b.-snakeroot, the root of 
Liatris spicata and of Eryngium yucccefolium; a 
stimulant, tonic, diuretic, and emmenagogue. Dose 
of fluidextract §-1 dr. (2-4 Cc). See Chlumsky, 
Corrigan, Murphy. 

buttonhole fracture. One in which a missile has 
perforated the bone, b., mitral, an advanced degree 
of constriction of the mitral orifice of the heart. 
b. operation, boutonniere operation, q. v. 

butyl (bu'-til) [butyrum, butter], C4H9. A hydro- 
carbon alcohol radical, b.-chloral, b.-chloral hy- 
drate. See chloral butylicum. b. hydride. See 
butane, b.-hypnal, a combination of butyl-chloral 
and antipyrine. It is hypnotic and antipyretic. 

butylamine (bu-til'-am-in) [butyl; amine], C4H9NH2. 
A substance contained in codliver oil, possessing 
diuretic and diaphoretic properties. 

butylene (bu' -til-en) [butyrum], C4H8. A hydro- 
carbon belonging to the olefin series. It exists in 
three isomeric forms, all of which are gases at ordi- 
nary temperatures. 

butyphus (bu-ti'-fus) [j3ovs, an ox; Tv<f>os, stupor]. 
The cattle-plague. Syn., rinderpest. 

butyraceous (bu-tir-a'-se-us) [butyrum]. Resemb- 
ling or containing butter. 

butyrate (bu'-tir-at) [butyrum, butter]. A salt of 
butyric acid. 

butyric (bu-tir' -ik). Contained in butter; derived 
from butter, b. acid. See acid, butyric. 

butyrin (bu'-tir-in) [butyrum], C3Hs(C4H702)3. 
A constant constituent of butter, together with olein, 
stearin, and other glycerids. It is a neutral, yellow- 
ish, liquid fat, having a sharp, bitter taste. 



butyroid (bii'-tir-oid) [butyrum]. Buttery; having 
the consistence of butter. 

butyromel (bu-tir' -o-mel) . The proprietary name 
for a mixture of 2 parts of fresh butter and 1 part of 
honey, rubbed together until a clear yellow mixture 
is obtained. It is used in preparing palatable pre- 
parations of codliver oil and other nauseous oleaginous 
substances. 

butyrometer (bu-tir-om'-et-ur) [butyrum, butter; 
ukrpov, measure]. An apparatus for determining 
the proportion of fatty matter in milk. 

butyroscope (bu-tir' -o-skop) [butyrum, butter; 
o-KOTrelv, to look]. An instrument for estimating 
the proportion of fat in milk. 

buxine (buks'-in) [buxus, the box-tree]. Berberine, 
the alkaloid of Buxus sempervirens. It is a white, 
amorphous powder with a persistent bitter taste; 
very insoluble in water, but easily soluble in alcohol 
and chloroform. It is used as a febrifuge; dose gr. 
3-6. 

buxus (buks'-us) [L., the box-tree]. A genus of 
trees affording boxwood, b. sempervirens, the 
common box or box-tree of Europe and Asia. Its 
leaves, wood, and oil have been employed in medicine. 

buyo cheek cancer (bu'-yo) [Tagalog term]. A 
cancer of the cheek found in natives of the Philip- 
pine Islands ; it is associated with the chewing of a 
mass made up of buyo leaves, betel-nut, slaked lime 
and tobacco. 

Bychowski's test for albumin. Put a drop or 
two of the urine into a test-tube filled with hot 
water and shake it; in the presence of albumin a whit- 
ish cloud is formed and is diffused through the liquid. 
Phosphates give the same result, but the cloud dis- 
appears on addition of a drop of acetic acid. 

bynin (bi'-nin) [fivv-n, malt]. 1. A proteid, in- 
soluble in water, found in malt. 2. A proprietary 
liquid extract of malt made in England, b. amara, 
a combination of bynin (2) with the phosphates of 
iron, quinine, and strychnine. 

bynol (bi'-nol). A combination* of malt extract 
and cod-liver oil. 

Byrd's method (bird) [Harvey Leonidas Byrd, 
American physician, 1820-1884]. For artificial 
respiration in asphyxia neonatorum: The physician's 
hands are placed under the middle portion of the 
child's back, with their ulnar borders in contact and 
at right angles to the spine. With the thumbs 
extended, the two extremities of the trunk are carried 
forward by gentle but firm pressure, so that they 
form an angle of 45 degrees with each other in the 
diaphragmatic region. Then the angle is reversed 
by carrying backward the shoulders and the nates. 

byrolin (bir'-ol-in). A proprietary remedy said 
to be a combination of boric acid, glycerol, and 
lanolin, and recommended for use in skin diseases. 

bysma (biz'-mah) [/3uo>ia, a stopper; plug: pi., 
bysmata]. A plug or tampon. 

byssinosis (bis-in-o'-sis) . A pulmonary affection 
due to the inhalation of cotton-dust. 

byssocausis (bis-o-kaw'-sis) [/3iWos, cotton; kuvo-ls, 
a burning]. Cauterization by the moxa; moxi- 
bustion. 

byssoid (bis'-oid). Consisting of a filamentous 
fringe of which the strands are of unequal length. 

byssophthisis (bis-o-tis'-is). See byssinosis. 

byssus (bis'-us) [fivao-os, cotton, flax]. 1. Charpie, 
lint, or cotton. 2. The hairy growth of the pubic 
region. 3. In biology, a bunch of silky filaments 
secreted by the foot, in several molluscs. A name 
formerly given to the mycelium of large fungi. 

bythium (bith'-e-um) [0Wos, depth]. A supposed 
new chemical element said to have been obtained 
from sulphur. %The claim has not been accepted. 



C. i. The chemical symbol of carbon. 2. The 
abbreviation of centigrade, congius, closure, con- 
traction, cylinder, or cylindrical lens. 

Ca. 1. Chemical symbol of calcium. 2. Abbre- 
viation for cathode. 

caballine aloes (kab'-al-in al'-oz). An inferior 
quality of aloes, known also as fetid or horse aloes. 

Cabanis' pallet. A shovel-shaped instrument 
consisting of two plates of perforated silver, jointed 
and movable on each other; it is used to seize the 
extremity of the nasal probe in Mejean's operation 
for lacrimal fistula. 

cabbage (kab'-aj). See brassica. c.-rose. See 
rose, pale, c, skunk-, a fetid plant of North America, 
Symplocarpus fcetidus. Its tincture and fluidextract 
are prescribed as antispasmodics and antasthmatics. 

Cabot's ring bodies (cab'-ot) [Richard Clarke 
Cabot, American physician, 1868- ]. Intra- and 
extra-cellular bodies having the general shape of a 
ring and found in the blood in severe anemia. 

cacaerometer (kak-a-er-om'-e-tur) [kokos, bad; 
drip, air; pkrpov, measure]. An apparatus for deter- 
mining the impurity of the air. 

cacaine (kak-a'-en) [Nahuatl, cacauatl, cacao]. 
Theobromine, q. v. 

cacanthrax (kak-an'-thraks) [kokoj, bad; 6.v6pa1~, a 
coal]. Contagious anthrax. See anthrax. 

cacao (kak-a'-o). See theobroma. c.-butter (oleum 
t heobromatis, U. S. P.), is obtained from seeds or 
nibs of theobroma cacao. It is a pure white fat, with 
a pleasant odor and taste; it fuses at 86° F. (30 C); 
its specific gravity is from 0.945 to 0.952. It is 
used in cosmetics and for pharmaceutical preparations. 
See also theobroma. 

cacaphthae (kak-aff'-the) [kokos, bad; a<f>9a, an 
eruption]. Malignant or cachectic aphthae. See 
aphtha. _ 

cacation (kak-a'-shun) [cacatio, a going to stool]. 
Defecation; alvine discharge. 

cacatory (kak'-at-o-re) [cacatio, a going to stool]. 
Attended with diarrhea; as a cacatory fever. 

CaCC. Abbreviation for cathodal closure con- 
traction; also written CCC. 

caccagogue (kak'-a-gog) [kclkkt), dung; &yuy6s, 
leading]. 1. Aperient; laxative. 2. An aperient, 
especially an ointment or suppository that induces 
gentle purgation. 

cacemia (kas-e'-me-ah, or \kak-e' -me-ah) [kcikos, 
bad; alpa, blood]. An ill-condition of the blood; 
depravity of the blood. 

cacesthesis (kak-es-the'-sis) [kclkos, bad; atadTjo-is, 
sensation]. Morbid sensation. 

cachectic (kak-ek'-tik) [see cachexia]. Charac- 
terized by cachexia. 

cachelcoma (kak-el-ko'-mah) [xa/coj, ill; eX/capa, 
ulcer: pi., cachelcomata], A malignant or foul ulcer. 

cachet (kash-a) [Fr.]. A pharmaceutical prepa- 
ration consisting of two concave pieces of wafer, 
varying in size from | to ig inches in diameter, 
round or oblong in shape, in one of which the powder 
to be administered is placed, and the other, having 
previously been moistened, is then laid over the 
powder and the two margins are pressed together, 
when they adhere and completely inclose the powder. 

cachexia, cachexy (kak-eks'-e-ah, kak-eks'-e) [ko.k6s, 
bad; !£«, a habit]. A depraved condition of general 
nutrition, due to some serious disease, as syphilis, 
tuberculosis, carcinoma, etc. c. aquosa. See Gries- 
singer's disease, c, cancerous, c, carcinomatous, 
a condition marked by weakness, emaciation, and a 
muddy or brownish complexion, due to carcinomatous 
disease. Syn., cachexia canceratica; cancerous dia- 
thesis, c, lymphatic. Synonym of Hodgkin's dis- 
ease, c, miner's. See uncinariasis, c, osteal, 
profound cachexia seen in children and accompanied 
by painful swelling of one of the long bones, with 
hematinuria or extravasation of blood into a tissue, 
and often by rhachitic phenomena, c, pachydermic. 



See myxedema, c, paludal. See malarial cachexia. 
c, periosteal. See c, osteal, c. splenetica, that 
associated with splenic enlargement, c. strumipriva, 
c, thyreopriva, the condition allied to, if not identical 
with, myxedema, following the extirpation of the 
thyroid gland, c, thyroid, exophthalmic goitre. 
c. venerea, syphilis, c. virginum, chlorosis. 

cachexy (kak-eks'-e). See cachexia. 

cachibou (kash-i-boo') . See under bur sera. 

cachinnation (katsh-in-a'^shun) [cachinnare, to laugh 
loudly]. Immoderate laughter, as in the insane. 

cachou (kash-oo') [Fr. for "catechu"]. An aro- 
matic pill or tablet for concealing the odor of the 
breath. 

caco- (kak-o-) [kcikos, bad]. A prefix meaning bad 
or diseased. 

cacocholia (kak-o-ko'-le-ah) [caco-; x°Ml> bile]. 
A morbid condition of the bile. 

cacochroia, cacochroea (kak-o-kroi'-ah, kak-o-kre'- 
ah) [caco-; xp°i-a-, color]. A bad complexion; un- 
natural color of the skin. 

cacochylia (kak-o-ki'-le-ah) [caco-; x^os. juice]. 
Imperfect or disordered digestion. 

cacochymia (kak-o-ki'-me-ah) [caco-; x^juos, juice]. 
A morbid state of the fluids, humors, blood, or 
secretions; faulty stomachic digestion. 

cacocnemia (kak-ok-ne' -me-ah) [caco-; nv-qpri, leg]. 
Thinness or ill-condition of the leg or shin. 

cacocolpia (kak-o-kol'-pe-ah) [caco-; k6\itos, vagina]. 
A diseased state of the vagina; gangrene of the vulva. 

cacodes (kak-o'-dez) [/ca/K«5??s, ill smelling]. Hav- 
ing a foul, offensive odor. 

cacodiacol (kak-o-di'-ak-oV). Guaiacol cacodylate. 

cacodontia (kak-o-don'-te-ah) [caco-; 68ovs, tooth]. 
A bad condition of the teeth. 

cacodyl (kak'-o-dil) [/caKwSrjs, ill-smelling; vX-n, 
matter], AsCCEUH Dimethylarsine; a radical con- 
taining arsenic, hydrogen, and carbon. It is a 
colorless, heavy liquid, with an extremely offensive 
odor; it is inflammable when exposed to air. Its 
protoxide is called alkarsine (q. v.). 

cacodylate (kak-od'-il-at). A salt of cacodylic 
acid. The sodium and the iron salts are used in 
medicine. _ 

cacodyliacol (kak-o-dil-i'-ak-oV). Guaiacol caco- 
dylate: used in tuberculosis; dose, 2 grains (0.04 gm.). 

cacoethes (kak-o-e'-thez) ' [caco-; rj8os, a habit]. 
1. Any bad habit, disposition, or disorder. 2. A 
malignant ulcer. 

cacoethic (kak-o-eth'-ik) [caco-; fidos, habit]. 
Malignant. 

cacogalactia (kak-o-gal-ak'-te-ah) [caco-; ya\a, 
milk]. A bad or abnormal condition of the milk. 

cacogastric (kak-o-gas'-trik) [caco-; yaarrip, the 
stomach]. Dyspeptic. 

cacogenesis (kak-o-jen'-es-is) [caco-; -ye^eo-ts, for- 
mation]. Any morbid, monstrous, or pathological 
growth or product. 

cacogenics (kak-o-jen'-iks) [nanoyeviis, ill-born]. 
The opposite of eugenics. The sum total of the 
conditions which tend to the deterioration of the 
human race. 

cacoglossia (kak-o-glos'-e-ah) [caco-; yXSiaaa, the 
tongue]. Gangrene of the tongue. 

cacolet (kak'-o-la) [Fr.]. A mule-chair or horse- 
pannier for the transportation of the wounded. 

cacomelia (kak-o-me' -le-ah) [caco-; peKos, limb]. A 
congenital pathological condition or deformity of a 
limb. 

cacomorphia (kak-o-mor'-fe-ah) [caco-; pop<t>ii, form]. 
Malformation; deformity. 

caconychia (kak-o-nik'-e-ah) [caco-; oro{, nail]. 
Disease or defect of a nail or of the nails. 

cacopathy, or cacopathia (kak-op'-a-the or kak-o- 
palh'-e-ah) [caco-; waffos, illness]. Any severe, 
malignant, or untoward condition or disease. 

cacopharyngia (kak-o-far-in'-je-ah) [caco-; <f>apvy£, 
the pharynx]. Gangrene of the pharynx. 



CACOPHONIA 



177 



CAFFEINE 



cacophonia (kak-o-fo'-ne-ah) [caco-; <pwvri, voice]. 
An altered, depraved, or abnormal voice. 

cacophonic (kak-o-fon'-ik) . Affected with caco- 
phonia. 

cacophthalmia (kak-off-thaV -me-ah) [caco-; ophthal- 
mia]. A malignant inflammation of the eye. 

cacoplasia (kak-o-pla' -ze-ah) [caco-; ifKaaaw, to 
form]. The formation of diseased structures. 

cacoplastic (kak-o-plas'-iik) [see cacoplasia]. i. 
Characterized by a low degree of organization. 
2. Relating to cacoplasia. 

cacopragia (kak-o-pra'-je-ah) [caco-; irpaaaeiv, to 
do]. Functional derangement, as of nutritive 
processes, or of organs. 

cacoproctia (kak-o-prok'-te-ah) [caco-; ttpuktos, 
anus]. A gangrenous state of the rectum. 

cacorrhachis (ka-kor'-rak-is) [caco-; pax's, spine]. 
A diseased state of the vertebral column. 

cacorrhinia (kak-or-in'-e-ah) [caco-; pis, nose]. 
Any diseased condition of the nose. 

cacosmia (kak-oz' -me-ah) [caco-; oapri, smell]. A 
disgusting smell. 

cacosomium (kak-o-so' -me-um) [caco-; aiopa, body]. 
A hospital for leprosy and other incurable diseases, 
cacospermia (kak-o-sper' -me-ah) [caco-; o-irepp.a, 
seed]. Any diseased state of the semen. 

cacosphyxia (kak-o-sfiks'-e-ah) [caco-; o-#i>£is, pulse]. 
A disordered state of the pulse. 

cacosplanchnia (kak-o-splangk'-ne-ah) [caco-; o-irhay- 
xva, the viscera]. Diseased condition of the 
digestive tract and resulting emaciation. 

cacostomia (kak-o-sto'-me-ah) [caco-; a-ropa, mouth]. 
Any diseased or gangrenous state of the mouth. 

cacothanasia (kak-o-than-a! -ze-ah) [caco-; diwaros, 
death]. A painful or miserable death. 

cacotheline (kak-oth! -el-en), C42H22NO20. An alka- 
loid produced from brucine by the action of HNO3. 

cacothesis (kak-oth' -es-is) [caco-; 0«ris, a placing]. 
A faulty position of a part or of the entire organism. 
cacothymia (kak-o-thim'-e-ah) [caco-; dvpds, mind]. 
A disordered state of the mind or disposition; mental 
disorder with moral depravity; insane malignity of 
temper. 

cacotrichia (kak-o-trik'-e-ah) [caco-; 9pi£, hair]. 
A diseased condition of the hair. 

cacotrophia (kak-o-tro'-fe-ah). Same as cacotrophy. 
cacotrophy (kak-ot'-ro-fe) [caco-; Tpo<j>i), nourish- 
ment]. Disordered or defective nutrition. 

cacozyme (kak'-o-zim) [caco-; £vp.r), a ferment]. 
A disorganizing, putrefactive, fermentative, or path- 
ogenic microorganism. 

cactin (kak'-tin). An acrid resinous glucoside 
obtained from Cereus grandifiorus. 

cactina (kak-ti'-nah) [koktos, a prickly plant]. 
A proprietary preparation said to be a proximate 
principle derived from night-blooming cereus (Cactus 
grandifiorus and C. mexicana). It is a cardiac 
stimulant, recommended as a substitute for digitalis. 
cactus (kak'-tus) [koktos, a prickly plant]. A 
genus of plants, c. grandifiorus, a plant indigenous 
to the West Indies and cultivated in North America 
and Europe. It bears large white or straw-colored 
flowers which bloom only at night. The prepara- 
tions of cactus are stimulant to the spinal cord, the 
vasomotor center, and the cardiac ganglia. They 
have been used as substitutes for digitalis. Dose of 
tincture 15-20 min. (1.0-1.3 Cc); of fiuidextract 5-10 
min. (0.32-0.65 Cc). Syn., night-blooming cereus; 
Zerus grandifiorus. 

cacumen (kak-u'-men) [L.; pi., cacumina]. 1. The 
top, as of a plant. 2. The culmen of the vermis 
superior of the cerebellum. 

cadaver (kad-av'-er or kad-a'-ver) [cadere, to fall; 
pi., cadavera]. A dead body, especially that of a 
human being. 

cadaveric (kad-av'-er -ik) [cadaver]. Pertaining to 
the cadaver, c. alkaloids, ptomaines, c. ecchy- 
moses, c. lividity, certain postmortem stains, closely 
resembling in their general appearance the effects 
of bruises or contusions. They occur on the lowest 
and most dependent parts of the body. c. rigidity, 
rigor mortis, c. spasm, the early, at times instan- 
taneous, appearance of rigor mortis, seen after death 
from certain causes. It is also called instantaneous 
rigor and tetanic rigidity. 

cadaverine (kad-av'-er-en) [cadaver], C5H14N2. A 
ptomaine, occurring very frequently in decomposing 
animal tissues. It is a thick, clear, syrupy liquid, 
having an exceedingly unpleasant odor. An auxetic 
in cancer. 



cadaverization (kad-av-er-iz-a'-shun) [cadere, to 
fall]. The passage of a living body to the state of a 
cadaver. Applied to the algid and cyanotic stage 
of cholera. 

cadaverous (kad-av' -er-us) [cadere, to fall]. Re- 
sembling a cadaver; ghastly; of a deathly pallor. 

cade (kad) [a Languedoc name]. See juniper. 
c, oil of (oleum cadinum, U. S. P.), a tarry oil from 
the wood of Juniperus oxycedrus; it is used in skin 
diseases. 

caderas (kad-e'-ras). See mal de caderas. 

Cadet's fuming liquid [Louis Claude Cadet de 
Gassicourt, French chemist, 1731-1799]. See alkarsin. 

cadinene (kad'-in-en), C15H24. A sesquiterpene 
boiling at 274 C. 

cadmium (kad' -me-um) [Ko.hp.La., calamine]. Cd = 
112.40 quantivalence II; sp. gr. 8.60-8.69. A bluish- 
white metal resembling zinc in its general properties. 
In its physiological action it is escharotic and astrin- 
gent; internally, in large doses, it produces emesis 
and violent gastritis, c. iodide, Cdi2, used as an 
ointment, 1 to 8 of lard. c. salicylate, Cd(C7H5C>3)2, 
white needles, soluble in water and alcohol. It is 
used in purulent ophthalmia, etc., and is said to be 
a more active antiseptic than other cadmium salts. 
c. sulphate, CdSCu . 4H2O, an astringent in gonorrhea 
and in corneal opacities; used as a lotion in strength 
of I gr. or 4 to 1 oz. of water, or as an ointment in 
1 : 40 of fresh lard. c. sulphocarbolate, Cd(CeH5- 
SOxh, white crystals, soluble in water; it is anti- 
septic and astringent. Syn., cadmium sulpho- 
phenylate. 

caduca (kad-du'-kah) [cadere, to fall]. Thickened 
mucous membrane of the uterus in pregnancy. See 
decidua. ^ 

caducity (kad-du'-sit-e) [caducitas, senility]. Sen- 
ility; the feebleness of advanced age. 

caducous (kad-u'-kus) [caducus, falling off]. 
Dropping off very early, as compared with other 
parts. Deciduous, c. morbus. Falling sickness; an 
old name for epilepsy. 

caecal (se'-kal). See cecal. 

caecitas (se'-sit-as) [L.]. Blindness, c. diurna, 
day-blindness. c. nocturna, night-blindness. c. 
verbalis, word-blindness. 

caecitis (se-si'-tis). See cecitis. 

caecum (se'-kum). See cecum. 

caenaesthesis (cen-es-the'-sis). See cenesthesis. 

caeruleus (se-ru'-le-us) [L.]. Sky-blue. c. morbus, 
blue disease. See cyanosis. 

caerulosis (se-ru-lo'-sis) . See cyanosis. 

Caesalpinia (ses-al-pin'-e-ah) [L.]. A genus of 
tropical leguminous trees. C. bonducella is a prickly, 
trailing shrub of most tropical coasts. The seeds, 
Molucca beans, and the whole plant are anthelmintic 
and emmenagogue; the oil of the seeds is used in rheu- 
matism. It contains bonducin. C. coriaria, American 
sumac, divi-divi, is a South American shrub culti- 
vated in India, where the dried powdered pods are 
used as an antiperiodic Dose 40-60 gr. (2.6-4.0 
Gm.). A decoction of the pods is used as an injec- 
tion in the treatment of bleeding piles. C. echinata, 
a tree of Brazil, furnishes Brazil-wood; the bark, rich 
in tannin, is used as an astringent, roborant, and 
febrifuge. C. sappanis, a tree of India; the brownish- 
red wood, sappan-wood, contains sappanin and is 
used as an astringent; it furnishes a red dye and the 
root a yellow dye. _ 

caesarean operation or section (se-sar'-e-an). See 
cesarean section. 

caesium (se'-se-um). See cesium. 

caffea (kaf'-e-ah) [L.]. The seeds of Coffea arabica. 
The dried and roasted seeds are almost universally 
used in infusion as a beverage, forming a cerebral 
stimulant and stomachic tonic. They are valuable 
in promoting digestion and allaying hunger and 
fatigue. The properties are due to an alkaloid, 
caffeine, identical with theine. See thea and caffeine. 
The fiuidextract of Caffea viridis is intended as a 
substitute for the fiuidextract of guarana. Dose §-2 
dr. (2-8 Cc). See Guarana. 

caffeic acid (kaf-e'-ik). See acid, caffeic. 

caffeine (kaf'-e-in or kaf-en) [caffea], C8H10N4O2 
+H2O. See under caffea. An alkaloid found in 
the leaves and beans of the coffee-tree, in tea, in 
Paraguay tea, and in guarana, the roasted pulp of 
the fruit of Paulinia sorbilis. It occurs in long, 
silky needles, slightly soluble in cold water and 
alcohol, with a feebly bitter taste. It is a cerebro- 
spinal, circulatory, and renal stimulant. Dose 1-3 



CAFFEINISM 



178 



CALCANEO-ASTRAGALAR 



gr. (0.06-0.2 Gm.), Syn., guaranine; methyltheo- 
bromine; psoraline; theine: trimelhylxanthine. c. 
borocitrate, (CsHioN^^BOs, a white, crystalline 
powder, soluble in water, alcohol, and chloroform; 
it decomposes in water. It has the effect of caffeine 
combined with the antiseptic action of boric acid. 
c. bromide. See c. hydrobromide. c. carbolate, 
C8H10N4O2 . HOCeHs, a white, crystalline mass, 
soluble in alcohol and water with decomposition. 
It is an antiseptic, diuretic, and stimulant, having 
the combined action of caffeine and phenol, and is 
used subcutaneously. c. chloral, C8H10N4O2— CCI3- 
COH, a molecular combination of caffeine and chloral, 
occurring in soluble crystals. It is sedative and 
analgesic. Dose 3~5 gr. (0.2-0.3 Gm.). c. citrate, 
(caffeina citrata, U. S. P.) y (CsHioN^sCeHsO, a 
true salt, forming a white, crystalline powder, used 
in the same manner as caffeine. It is soluble in water 
and alcohol with decomposition. Dose 1-5 gr. 
(0.065-0.32 Gm.). c, citrated, this is improperly 
called caffeine citrate and is prepared by dissolving 
equal weights of caffeine and citric acid in double 
the quantity of hot distilled water. Dose 3-8 gr. 
(0.2-0.52 Gm.). c, citrated, effervescent (caffeina 
citrata effervescens, U. S. P.). Dose 60 gr. (4 Gm.). 
c. citrosalicylate, (CsHioN^sCeHsOr+tCsHioN^ . - 
C7H603)3, a true salt occurring as a white, crystalline 
powder, decomposing in water. It is antiseptic and 
is used as is caffeine, c. diiodide. See c. triiodide. 
c. hydrobromide, caffeine bromide, a true salt, 
CsHioN^HBr, occurring as large crystals, reddish 
or greenish on exposure, soluble in water on decom- 
position. It is used as a diuretic in injections of 
4-10 min. of a solution of 10 parts caffeine hydro- 
bromide, 1 part hydrobromic acid, and 3 parts 
distilled water, caffeina?, injectio, hypodermatica, 
1 grain of caffeine in 3 minims. Dose 1-6 min. 
(0.065-0.39 Cc). c. salicylate, C8H10N4O2 . C7H6O3, 
a true salt occurring as white, crystalline masses, 
soluble in water and alcohol with decomposition. 
It is used instead of caffeine with salicylic acid. 
Dose as caffeine, c. and sodium benzoate, a white 
powder containing 45.8 % of caffeine, soluble in 2 
parts of water. It is used instead of caffeine by 
subcutaneous injection. Dose about double that 
of caffeine. Syn., caffeinum natriobenzoicum. c. 
and sodium salicylate, a white powder, soluble in 2 
parts of water, and containing 62.5 % of caffeine. 
It is used in rheumatism, etc., instead of caffeine, by 
subcutaneous injection. Dose about double that of 
caffeine. Syn., caffeinum natriosalicylicum. c. and 
sodium sulphonate, a diuretic. Dose 15 gr. (1 Gm.). 
Syn., symphoral. c. tannate, a yellow powder, 
more astringent than caffeine; uses and dosage as 
caffeine. c. triiodide, (C8H10N4O2I2 . HI) 2 +3H 2 0, 
dark-green prisms, of a metallic luster, soluble in 
alcohol. It is a diuretic and alterative, used instead 
of potassium iodide, and said to be nondepressing. 
Dose 2-4 gr. (0.13-0.26 Gm.). Syn., diiodocaffeine 
hydriodate. c. valerate, C8H10N4O2 . C5H10O2, small 
lustrous needles, soluble in alcohol with decompo- 
sition. It is used in nervous headache, whooping- 
cough, etc. Dose 2-5 gr. (0.13-0.3 Gm.) several 
times a day. 

caffeinism (kaf'-e-in-izm or kaf-en'-izm) [caffeine]. 
Chronic coffee-poisoning; a train of morbid symptoms 
due to excess in the use of coffee. 

caffeism (kaf'-e-izm). See caffeinism. 

caffeol (kaf'-e-ol). See caffeone. 

caffeone (kaf-e-on) [caffea], C8H10O2. A volatile 
aromatic oily principle (empyreumatic oil) produced 
by the roasting of coffee. Syn., caffeol. 

Cagot (kag-o) [Fr.]. 1. A member of an outcast 
race or clan in the S. W. of France ; formerly regarded 
as lepers. 2. (By error) a cretin. C. ear. This is 
an ear with no lower lobe ; but it is asserted that this 
is a peculiarity of the Lapps, and not of the Cagots. 

cahinca, or cainca (kah-hing'-kah) [native S. 
American]. The diuretic root of Chiococca racemosa, 
C. densifolia, or C. anguifuga, rubiaceous shrubs of 
tropical America. 

cahincin (kah-hin'-sin) [cainca or cahinca, the 
South American name for several species of Chio- 
cocca], C40H64O18. A glucoside from Chiococca race- 
mosa and C. brachiata. In small doses it is diuretic 
and cathartic and in large doses emetic. It is used 
in dropsy. Dose, diuretic and cathartic, 2-4 gr. 
(0.13-0.26 Gm.); emetic, 8-15 gr. (0.5-1.0 Gm.); 
maximum dose 15 gr. (1 Gm.). Syn., caincic acid. 

caisson-disease (ka'-son-diz-ez). Diver's disease, 



tunnel disease, or the bends, a morbid condition due 
to increased atmospheric pressure, sometimes occur- 
ring in divers, caisson-workers, etc. Paraplegia, 
hemiplegia, anesthesia, and apoplectic attacks are 
common, coming on only after a return to the normal 
atmosphere. The nature of the lesion is obscure. 

Cajal's (Ramon y) cells (kah'-hal) [Santiago Ramon 
y Cajal, Spanish histologist, 1852- ]. Fusiform 
or triangular ganglion cells lying near the surface 
of the cerebral cortex and giving off branched pro- 
cesses parallel to it. C.'s moss-like appendages. 
See appendage. C.'s tassel-cells, pyramidal cells 
of the cortex cerebri having a large number of den- 
dritic processes hanging from their base. 

cajuput oil, cajeput oil (kaj'-u-put) [Malay, caju- 
puti, white wood]. A volatile oil (oleum cajuputi, 
U. S. P.), distilled from the leaves of Melaleuca 
cajuputi. It resembles oil of turpentine. It is used 
in flatulent colic, hysteria, cutaneous disorders, and 
toothache. Dose 1-5 min. (0.065-0.32 Cc). c. 
spirit (spiritus cajuputi, B. P.), contains 2 % of the 
oil. Dose i-i dr. (2-4 Cc). 

cajuputene, cajeputene (caj-u-pu-ten' , caj-e-pu- 
ten') [Malay], C10H16. The principal constituent of 
cajuput oil; it is a liquid of an agreeable odor. 

cajuputol, cajeputol (kaj-u-pit'-tol) [see cajuput 
oil]. The more limpid part of cajeput oil; it is found 
also in some other fragrant volatile oils. 

caked (kakd). Compressed or hardened into a 
solid mass. c. bag, in cows, an inflammation of the 
mammary gland, c. breast, a breast in a puerperal 
woman in which the milk has become hardened and 
inspissated. 

cal. Abbreviation of small calory. 

Cal. Abbreviation of large or great calory. 

Calabar bean (kal'-ab-ar ben) [Calabar, a. region of 
West Africa]. See physostigma. C. swellings, an 
edematous enlargement occurring in the natives of 
Calabar and other parts of West Africa. It is thought 
to be produced by the action of Filaria loa in the 
subcutaneous tissues. 

calabarine (kal-ab' '-ar-en) . An alkaloid from 
Calabar bean. 

calabarization (kal-a-bar-iz-a'-shun). The act of 
bringing a person under the effects of calabarine. 

calage (kal-ahzh') [Fr., wedging]. A method of 
prophylaxis or treatment of sea-sickness by fixation 
of the viscera by pillows placed between the abdomen 
and the wall of the cabin and between the back and 
edge of the berth, the patient lying upon the side. 

Calaguala (kah-lah-gwah'-la) [Peruvian]. The 
commercial name for several ferns of the order 
Polypodiacece, especially Polypodium calaguala, of 
Peru, which is esteemed an excellent resolvent and 
diaphoretic It is used in chronic affections of the 
air-passages and in whooping-cough in doses of 30- 
60 gr. (2-4 Gm.) daily. A decoction is used exter- 
nally as a dressing for wounds. 

calamine (kal'-am-in) [calamina, a corruption of 
cadmia]. Native zinc carbonate. Calamina prce- 
parata, the prepared calamine, washed and pulverized, 
is used mainly as an external exsiccant and astringent. 

calamus (kal'-am-us) [L., "a reed"]. Sweet-flag. 
The rhizome of Acorus calamus. It contains a 
volatile oil and acorin, a bitter nitrogenous principle. 
The root is an aromatic, stomachic tonic, and a com- 
mon ingredient of many popular "bitters." C. draco 
is a species of ratan palm that affords a part of the 
so-called dragon's-blood of commerce, c, fluid- 
extract of (fluidextr actum calami, U. S. P.). Dose 
15 min.-i dr. (1-4 Cc). c. scriptorius [a writing- 
pen or reed], the groove on the floor of the lower 
extremity of the fourth ventricle, at the end of which 
is the ventricle of Arantius. 

calaya (kal-a'-yah). A fluidextract of the fruit of 
Anneslea febrifuga (?), used in malaria. Dose 30 gr. 
(2 Gm.) every 2 hours. 

calcalith (kaV -kal-ith) . A proprietary preparation 
said to be a rheumatism remedy and uric-acid solvent. 
It consists of calcium carbonate, lithia and col- 
chicine. 

calcaneal (kal-ka'-ne-al) [calcaneum, the heel]. 
In biology, relating to the heel-bone, or calcaneum, 
or to a tuberosity in birds, resembling the calcaneum. 

calcaneo-astragalar (kal-ka'-ne-o-as-trag'-al-ar). See 
calcaneoastragaloid. c.-astragaloid, relating to the 
calcaneum and the astragalus, c.-cavus, a club-foot 
that combines the characters of calcaneus and cavus. 
c.-cuboid, belonging to the calcaneum and the 
cuboid, c.-navicular. Relating to the calcaneum and 



CALCANEUM 



179 



CALCIUM 



the scaphoid bone, or os naviculare. c.-scaphoid, 
belonging to the calcaneum and the scaphoid bone, 
c.-talar (kal-ka-ne-o-ta'-lar). See calcaneo-astragalar. 
c.-tibial (kal-ka-ne-o-tib'-e-al) [calcaneum; tibia]. 
Relating to the calcaneum and tibia, c.-valgo-cavus, 
club-foot combining the features of calcaneus, valgus 
and cavus. 

calcaneum, calcaneus (kal-ka'-ne-um, -us). The 
os calcis or heel bone. See bones, table of. 

calcaneus (kal-ka'-ne-us) [calcaneum, the heel], 
i. See calcaneum. 2. Club-foot in which the heel 
alone touches the ground, the instep being drawn 
up toward the shin. 

calcar (kal'-kar) [L., "a spur"]. 1. Any spur or 
spur-like point, as the hippocampus minor. 2. Ergot 
of rye. 3. The calcaneum. 4. The styloid process 
of the temporal bone. c. avis, the hippocampus 
minor, c. femorale, a plate of hard tissue around the 
neck of the femur, c. pedis, the heel bone. 

calcarate (kal'-kar-al) [calcar]. Spurred; furnished 
with spurs or spur-like processes. 

calcarea, calcaria (kal-ka'-re-ah) [calx, limestone]. 
Lime. 

calcareous (kal-ka'-re-us) [calcarea]. 1. Pertaining 
to or having the nature of limestone. 2. Haying a 
chalky appearance or consistence. 3- Growing in 
chalk. 

calcariform (kal-kar' -e-form) [calcar; forma, form]. 
Spur-shaped. 

calcarine (kal'-kar-en) [calcar]. Spur-shaped; re- 
lating to the hippocampus minor, c. fissure. See 
fissure, calcarine. 

calcic (kal'-sik) [calx, lime]. Of or pertaining to 
lime or calcium, c. inflammation of gums and 
peridental membrane, inflammation caused and 
maintained by deposits of calculus on the necks of 
the teeth. 

calcicosis (kal-sik-o'-sis) [calx]. Marble-cutter's 
phthisis; a chronic inflammation of the lung due to 
the inhalation of marble-dust. 

calcidine (kal'-sid-en). Trade name of a prepara- 
tion containing calcium and iodine; used in catarrhal 
laryngitis; dose gr. §— 1 (0.02-0.06). 

calciferous (kal-sif-er-us). Containing lime, chalk, 
or calcium. 

calcific (kal-sif'-ik) [calx]. Forming lime. 
calcification (kal-sif-ik-a' -shun) [calx; fieri, to 
become]. The deposit of calcareous matter within 
the tissues of the body, c, metastatic, that resulting 
from an excess of lime-salts in the blood, as occurs 
in the rapid breaking down of bones from osteo- 
malacia. 

calcigerous (kal-sif-er-us) [calx, lime; gerere, to 
bear]. Containing lime or a lime-salt; as the cal- 
cigerous cells of the dentine, or calcigerous tubules 
in bone. 

calcigrade (kal'-sig-rad) [calx, heel; gredi, to walk]. 
Walking on the heels. 

calcination (kal-sin-a'-shun) [calcinare, to calcine]. 
The process of driving off the volatile chemical 
constituents from inorganic compounds. The ex- 
pulsion of carbon dioxide from carbonates. 

calcine (kal'-sin or kal-sin') [calcinare, to calcine]. 
To separate the inorganic elements of a substance 
by subjecting it to an intense heat. 

calcinol (kal'-sin-ol). Trade name of calcium 
iodate. 

calcis, os. The heel bone. 

calcium (kal'-se-um) [calx], Ca =40.07; quanti- 
valence II. A brilliant, silver-white metal, the basis 
of limestone, characterized by strong affinity for 
oxygen, and isolated with great difficulty. It is 
best known in the form of calcium oxide, quicklime; 
calcium hydroxide, slaked lime; and calcium carbonate, 
limestone or chalk, c. acetate, Ca(C2Hs02)2, a 
white, amorphous powder, soluble in water. It is 
used in tuberculosis and psoriasis, c. albuminate, 
an alterative and nutrient used in rhachitis. c. 
benzoate, Ca(C7Ho02)2, used in nephritis and albu- 
minuria of pregnancy. Dose 5-10 gr. (0.32-0.65 
Gm.). c. bisulphite, liquid, a solution of calcium 
sulphite (CaS03) in an aqueous solution of sulphurous 
acid. It is used, when diluted with 4 to 8 times its 
amount of water, as an antiseptic gargle or wash. 
c. borate, a very light white powder. It is used as 
an antiseptic and astringent, internally in children's 
diarrhea and externally in fetid perspiration and weep- 
ing eczema.' Dose 1-5 gr. (0.06-0.32 Gm.) 3 times 
daily. Application, 10 to 20 % ointment or dusting- 
powder, c. boroglyceride, an antiseptic substance 



prepared by heating together calcium borate and 
glycerol. It forms a transparent, hygroscopic 
mass, soluble in water and alcohol, c. bromide (calcii 
bromidum, U. S. P.), a nerve sedative. Dose 10-30 
gr. (0.65-2.0 Gm.) twice daily, c. bromoiodide, 
Cal2+CaBr2, a mixture of calcium iodide and 
bromide in molecular proportions, forming a yellow 
powder soluble in water. It is alterative and seda- 
tive. Dose 5-10 gr. (0.32-0.65 Gm.) 3 times daily. 
c. carbide, CaC2, obtained from lime with carbon, 
by the electric furnace. It occurs in gray to bluish- 
black irregular lumps, decomposing with water, 
evolving acetylene, and leaving a residue of slaked 
lime; sp. gr. 2.22. It is used in the palliative treat- 
ment of cancer of the vagina and uterus, c. car- 
bolate, Ca(OC6H5)2, a reddish, antiseptic powder, 
used as a disinfectant and internal and external anti- 
septic. Dose 2-5 gr. (0.13-0.32 Gm.). c. carbonate, 
Ca(OC4H5)2, a reddish powder used as an internal 
and external antiseptic. Dose 2-5 gr. (0.13-0.32 
Gm.). c. carbonate, precipitated (calcii carbonas 
pracipitatus, U. S. P.), CaC03, a fine white powder, 
without odor or taste. Dose 15 gr. (1 Gm.). c. 
chloride (calcii chloridum, U. S. P.), CaCh, soluble 
in water; used internally to increase the coagulability 
of the blood. Dose 10-20 gr. (0.65-1.3 Gm.). c. 
citrate, Ca3(CeH507)2-|-4H20, a crystalline powder, 
soluble in 1730 parts of water at oo° C. ; more soluble 
in cold water. A solution is recommended for the 
treatment of burns, c. cresylate, a syrupy fluid 
obtained by treating calcium hydroxide with cresol. 
It is used as a disinfectant instead of phenol, c. 
eosolate, Ca3(C9H7S20i2)2, a sulphosalt of aliphatic 
creasote esters containing 25 % of creasote and 
occurring as a gray powder soluble in 10 parts of 
water. Dose 4-10 gr. (0.26-0.65 Gm.) 4 or 5 times 
daily, c. ferrophospholactate, used in the treatment 
of tuberculosis and rhachitis. Dose 3-75 gr. (0.2- 
0.5 Gm.). c. glyceroarsenate, a crumbling white 
powder, insoluble in water and alcohol, freely soluble 
in mineral and organic acids, especially in dilute citric 
acid. It is used in treatment of tuberculosis. Daily 
dose I gr. (0.01 Gm.). c. glyceroborate, an anti- 
septic compound of equal parts of calcium borate and 
glycerol, c. glycerophosphate, CaCsI^POe, a white, 
crystalline powder, soluble in cold water, almost 
insoluble in boiling water; it is a nerve tonic. Dose 
2-5 gr. (0.13-0.32 Gm.) 3 times daily. In treatment 
of enuresis, dose, for adults, 8 gr. (0.5 Gm.) twice 
daily, c. hippurate, Ca(CgH8N02)2, a white, crystal- 
line powder, slightly soluble in hot water. It is 
alterative. Dose 5-15 gr. (0.32-1.0 Gm.). c. 
hydrate. See c. hydroxide, c. hydroxide, slaked 
lime. c. hypochlorite, Ca(C10)2, white cubes decom- 
posing readily. It is an antiseptic and is used as a 
disinfectant and strong bleaching agent, c. hypo- 
phosphite (calcii hypophosphis, U. S. P.), Ca(PH202)2, 
a white, crystalline powder, lustrous scales, or trans- 
parent crystals, soluble in 7 parts of water, decom- 
posing and giving out inflammable gas above 300 C. 
It is used in tuberculosis, chlorosis, etc. Dose 10- 
30 gr. (0.65-2.0 Gm.). Syn., calcium hypophos- 
phorosum. c. hyposulphite. See c. thiosulphate. c. 
iodate, Ca(I03)2+6H20, a white, crystalline powder, 
soluble in 400 parts of water, insoluble in alcohol. 
It is used internally in doses of 4-5 gr. (0.26-0.32 
Gm.) to check fermentation and also as a succeda- 
neum for iodoform. Syn., calcinol. c. iodide, Cal2, 
a white powder or yellowish- white hygroscopic mass, 
soluble in water and alcohol. It is an alterative used 
instead of potassium iodide. Dose 2-5 gr. (0.13- 
0.32 Gm.) 3 times daily in syrup. Maximum dose, 
daily, 15 gr. (1 Gm.). c. and iron lactophosphate, 
a yellowish powder used in treatment of rhachitis 
and tuberculosis. Dose 3-8 gr. (0.19-0.52 Gm.) 
several times daily, c. lactate, CaCCsHsO^h+sEhO, 
white, opaque, granular masses, soluble in water 
and hot alcohol. It is used in treatment of rhachitis 
and tuberculosis of children. Dose 3-10 gr. (0.19- 
0.65 Gm.) in syrup, c. lactophosphate, a crystalline 
compound of calcium lactate and calcium phosphate 
containing 1 % of phosphorus; soluble in water. It 
is stimulant and nutrient. Dose 3-10 gr. (0.19- 
0.65 Gm.) 3 times daily, c. oxide (calx, U. S. P.), 
CaO, quicklime, c. oxide, chlorinated. See lime, 
chlorinated, c. oxysulphide, a compound of calcium, 
oxygen, and sulphur, forming a yellowish powder; 
used in washing scrofulous ulcers, c. permanganate, 
Ca(Mn04)2+5H20, deliquescent, brown crystals 
with violet luster, soluble in water. It is used 



CALCOGLOBULIN 



180 



CALENDULA 



internally in diarrhea of children and externally as a 
mouth lotion. Dose f-2 gr. (0.05-0.13 Gm.). 
c. peroxide, Ca02+4H20, an antiseptic, used in acid 
dyspepsia and summer diarrhea. Dose (children) 
\-2 gr. (0.05-0.13 Gm.). c. phosphate, antimoniated, 
a mixture of precipitated calcium phosphate (67 
parts) and antimony oxide (33 parts), occurring as a 
dull white, gritty powder, without odor or taste, 
soluble in boiling water. It is alterative, purgative, 
and emetic, and is used in acute rheumatism and 
febrile diseases. Dose 3-8 gr. (0.19-0.52 Gm.) 
4 to 6 times daily. Syn., antimonial powder; James' 
febrile powder.' c. phosphate, dibasic, CaH2(P04)2 or 
CaHP04, a white powder, soluble in acids, insoluble 
in water. It is used in diseases of bone, chlorosis, 
etc. Dose 8-20 gr. (0.52-1.3 Gm.). Syn., bicalcic 
phosphate; secondary calcium phosphate, c. phos- 
phate, monobasic, CaH4(P04)2+H20, the chief con- 
stituent of the so-called "superphosphate of lime," 
a decomposition-product of tricalcic or dicalcic 
phosphate and sulphuric acid, occurring as white, 
deliquescent, strongly acid crystals, c. phosphate, 
precipitated (calcii phosphas prcecipitatus, U. S. P.), 
Ca3(P04)2, a bulky white powder, odorless and taste- 
less. Dose 15 gr. (1 Gm.). c. phosphate, tribasic, 
Ca3(P04)2, a light, white, amorphous powder without 
odor or taste, soluble in acids, insoluble in water. 
It is used as is the dibasic, c. propionate, Ca(C3Hs- 
02)2, a white powder, soluble in water, c. quinovate, 
a compound of calcium and quinovic acid used in 
malarial fever and dysentery as a tonic. Dose £-§ 
gr. (0.013-0.032 Gm.). c. salicylate, CaC7H403 
+H2O, a white, crystalline powder with alkaline 
reaction, soluble with difficulty in water. It is used 
in intestinal diseases. Dose 8-20 gr. (0.52-1.3 Gm.). 
c. santonate, c. santoninate, Ca(Ci5Hi904)2, a white, 
odorless,, insipid powder, insoluble in water or chloro- 
form. It is anthelmintic. Dose |-i| gr. (0.03-0.1 
Gm.). c. sulphate, 2CaS04+H20, a fine white, 
odorless and tasteless powder, used in making plaster 
bandages for fractures. Syn., gypsum; plaster-of- 
Paris. c. sulphate, dried (calcii sulphas exsiccatus, 
U. S. P.), a fine white powder without odor or taste. 
c. sulphydrate, CaS . H2S, transparent crystals 
decomposing in the air; it is used as a depilatory. 
c. sulphide, CaS, a compound of calcium and sulphur, 
a yellow-white substance with odor of hydrogen 
sulphide and forming a large percentage of calx 
sulphurata. It is recommended in treatment of 
influenza (dose 1 gr. (0.06 Gm.) 4 times hourly) and 
in treatment of diphtheria (dose | gr. (0.01 Gm.) 
every hour, under 1 year of age, every £ hour between 
the ages of 1 and 3, and every 15 minutes between 
the ages of 3 and 5). Syn., calcium monosulphide. 
c. sulphide, hydrated, CaS; it is used as a depilatory. 
c. sulphite, CaSOs, a white powder, soluble in sul- 
phurous acid and in 8op parts of water. It is anti- 
septic and is used in flatulent diarrhea. Dose T V-S 
gr. (0.0065-0.32 Gm.). c. sulphocarbolate, Ca- 
(C6HsS04)2+6H20, a white, odorless, astringent 
powder or scales, soluble in water. It is an internal 
antiseptic and astringent. Dose 5-15 gr. (0.32-1.0 
Gm.) in 1 % solution, c. sulphophenate. See c. 
sulphocarbolate. c. thiosulphate, CaS203, white anti- 
septic crystals, soluble in water; it is an internal 
antiseptic. Dose 3-10 gr. (0.194-0.65 Gm.). 

calcoglobulin (kal-ko-glob'-u-lin). A combination 
of soluble calcium salts with an albuminous base. 
It has a distinct and definite form and is probably 
the basis of all the calcic tissues of the body. 

calcoid (kal'-koid) [calx, lime; eldos, resemblance]. 
A neoplasm of the tooth-pulp. 

calcospherites, calcosphaerites (kal-ko-sfe'-ritz) 
[calx, lime; sphcera, a sphere]. Hartig's term for the 
granules or globules formed in embryological dental 
pulp and in tissues like bone and shell by calcium 
salts brought by the blood into loose proteid com- 
bination and modified by the cytoplasm. 

calcspar (kalk'-spar). Calcium carbonate, CaC03. 

calculary (kal'-ku-la-re) [calculus, a stone]. Re- 
lating to or of the nature of a calculus. 

calculifragous (kal-ku-lif'-rag-us) [calculus, a stone; 
f r anger e, to break]. Lithotritic; breaking or reducing 
a stone in the bladder. 

calculoid (kaV -ku-loid) . Resembling a calculus; a 
concretion. 

calculous (kal'-kii-lus) [calculus]. Of the nature 
of a calculus. 

calculus (kal'-ku-lus) [dim. of calx, chalk]. A 
calcareous or stone-like concretion found in the body, 



particularly in cavities, c, alternating, one com- 
posed of alternate layers of the substances pf which 
it is made up. c, arthritic, a gouty concretion, c, 
articular. See c, arthritic, c, aural, hardened 
cerumen in the external auditory canal, c, biliary, 
a gall-stone, c, blood, a fibrinous calculus containing 
remains of blood-corpuscles, c, bronchial, a con- 
cretion in an air-passage.^ c, chalky, one made up 
mainly of calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate 
with small amounts of magnesium carbonate, water, 
and organic matter, and frequently having a foreign 
body as a nucleus, c, cutaneous. See milium, c, 
cystic. 1. A vesical calculus. 2. A gall-stone. 
3. One composed of cystin. c, cystic-oxide, c, 
cystin, a urinary calculus, rarely found, and com- 
posed largely of cystin. c, dental, tartar on the 
teeth or gums, c, encysted, a vesical calculus 
which has become invested in a pouch springing 
from the wall of the bladder, c, essential, one 
having its origin within the tissue of an organ and 
not due to a foreign body, c, fatty, a vesical cal- 
culus having a nucleus of fat or saponaceous matter. 
c, fibrinous, a vesical calculus made up of dried 
coagulated albumin, c, fusible, a urinary calculus- 
composed of phosphates of ammonium, calcium, and 
magnesium, c, hemic, a concretion of coagulated 
blood, c, incarcerated. See c, encysted, c, in- 
testinal. Same as enterolith, c, lacteal. Same as 
c. mammary, c, laminated, one made up of layers 
of different materials, c, mammary, a calcareous 
nodule sometimes obstructing the lactiferous ducts. 
c, mulberry, the oxalate-of-lime variety, resembling 
a mulberry in shape and color, c, nasal, one found 
in the nasal cavities, c, organic, one with a nucleus 
formed of epithelium, blood, etc. c, pineal, brain- 
sand. See acervulus. c, podagric. See c, arthritic. 
c, prostatic, one in the prostate gland, c, renal, 
a calculus found in the kidney, c, salivary. 1. One 
formed in the ducts of the salivary glands. 2. The 
tartar deposited on teeth, c, scrotal. 1. A vesical 
or prostatic calculus which has made its way to the 
scrotum. 2. One formed in the scrotum from cal- 
careous degeneration, c, secondary, a vesical cal- 
culus formed in consequence of a diseased condition 
of the mucosa of the urinary tract, c. serumal, 
tartar on the teeth from exudation of diseased gums. 
c, urinary, a concretion composed of concentric 
layers of crystallized substance cemented together 
by mucus or other organic material, occurring in 
the bladder. Urinary calculi (sand, gravel, or stones, 
according to size) may be classified as follows: (1) 
Those containing a mixture of uric acid with urates, 
with either little or no phosphates; (2) mixed calculi, 
those containing more phosphates than uric acid; 
(3) calcium-oxalate calculi; (4) phosphatic calculi — 
composed of calcium phosphate, triple phosphate, 
or a combination of calcium and magnesium phos- 
phates; (5) calcium-carbonate calculi; (6) cystin 
calculi; (7) xanthin calculi; (8) fibrinous calculi, 
consisting of fibrin or inspissated albumin, c, 
uterine, an intrauterine concretion; a womb-stone; 
formed mainly by calcareous degeneration of a 
tumor, c, vesical, a calculus found in the urinary- 
bladder, c. xanthic, a urinary calculus of xanthic 
oxide. 

calcusol (kal'-ku-sol). A proprietary remedy for 
gout, said to consist of piperidine parasulphamine- 
benzoate and potassium bicarbonate. 

Caldani's ligament (kal-dah'-ne) [Leopoldo Marco 
Antonio Caldani, Italian anatomist, 1725-1813]. 
A fibrous band extending from the inner border of 
the coracoid process to the lower border of the 
clavicle and upper border of the first rib, where it 
unites with the tendon of the subclavius muscle. 

caldarium (kal-da'-re-um). A hot bath, or a room 
used for the administration of a hot bath. 

calef acient (kal-e-fa'-she-ent) [calidus, warm ; facere, 
to make]. 1. Warming; producing a sensation of 
heat. 2. A medicine, externally applied, that causes 
a sensation of warmth. 

calef actor (kal-e-fak'-tor) [calidus, warm; facere, 
to make]. A warmer; a little, portable stove; a 
pocket stove; a chafing-dish. 

calendula (kal-en'-dii-lah) [calender, the first day 
of the month]. Marigold. The flowering plant 
known as the garden-marigold, C. officinalis. c. r 
tincture of (tinctura calendula, U. S. P.), contains 
20 % of the leaves and stems. It is used as a local 
application to wounds, bruises, and ulcers, and has. 
been vaunted as a cure for carcinoma. 



CALENDULIN 



181 



CALORY 



calendulin (Jzal-en'-du-lin) [calendula]. An amor- 
phous principle obtainable from calendula. 

calentura (kal-en-tu'-rah). i. See calenture (i). 
2. Applied to an epidemic disease of horses in the 
Philippines. It is caused by a species of Spirillum. 
c. amarilla, c. vomito negro, yellow fever. 
} calenture (kal'-en-tur) [Sp., calentura, heat; L., 
calere, to be hot], i. A tropical remittent fever 
with delirium; formerly, a supposed fever of this 
kind that attacked mariners, leading them to leap 
into the sea. 2. Sunstroke. 

calf (kahf) [Icel., kalfr]. The thick, fleshy part 
of the back of the leg, formed by the gastrocnemius 
and soleus muscles, c.-bone, the fibula. 

calibrate (kal'-ib-rat) [Fr., calibre, the bore of a 
gun]. 1. To estimate the exact size of an opening, 
as of intestines to be united by anastomosis. 2. To 
graduate the tubes of a thermometer so that it will 
indicate the temperature correctly, or to determine 
the errors of the gradation when made; also, to 
determine the indication of the reading after the 
correction of the errors. 

calibration (kal-e-bra'-shun) . The act, process, or 
result of calibrating. 

calibrator (kal'-e-bra-tor). An instrument for 
determining the exact diameter of the lumen of an 
opening, as of the urethra. It may consist of a 
truncated cone supplied with a scale or some form 
of dilating blades. 

caliche (kah-le'-che) [S. A., "a flake of lime from a 
wall"]. The South American name for crude 
sodium nitrate; Chili saltpeter. 

California buckthorn. See cascara sagrada. 

caligation, caliginosity (kal-ig-a'-shun, kal-ij-in- 
os'-it-e). See caligo. 

caliginous (kal-ij'-in-us). Relating to or affected 
with caligo. 

caligo (kal-i'-go) [L.]. Dimness of vision; an 
opacity of the cornea, lens, or vitreous humor. 

calipers (kal'-ip-erz) [corruption of caliber]. Com- 
passes with curved legs. 

calisaya (kal-is-a'-yah) [S. A.]. Cinchona bark, 
especially that of cinchona calisaya. See cinchona. 

calisayin (kal-e-sa'-yin). An amorphous base con- 
sisting mostly of quinine obtained from cinchona bark. 

calisthenics, callisthenics (kal-is-then'-iks), [/ca\6s, 
beautiful; aQkvm, strength]. The practice of various 
rhythmical movements of the body, intended to 
develop the muscles and produce gracefulness of 
carriage; light gymnastics, especially designed for 
the use of girls and young women. 

calix (ka'-liks). See calyx. 

Callaway's test (kaV -la-way) [Thomas Callaway, 
English surgeon, 19th century]. In dislocation of 
the humerus the circumference of the affected 
shoulder, measured over the acromion and through 
the axilla, is greater than that of the sound side. 

Calleja's olfactory islets. Nests of large stellate 
cells interspersed with small nests of minute pyra- 
midal cells, found in the cortex of the hippocampal 
gyrus. 

Calliano's method of artificial respiration. A 
modification of Sylvester's: the arms are drawn up 
so as to expand the thorax, and then fixed above and 
behind the head by fastening the wrists together; 
pressing with the hands upon the thorax some 18 
to 20 times a minute to induce respiration. 

callisection (kal-e-sek'-shun) [callus, insensitive; 
sectio, a cutting]. Vivisection of anesthetized 
animals. 

Callisen's operation (kal'-is-en) [Heinrich Callisen, 
Danish surgeon, 1740-1824]. For lumbar colotomy; 
a vertical incision is made following the line of the 
descending colon. 

callomania (kal-lo-ma'-ne-ah) [ko.\6s, beautiful; 
mania]. Delusion in which the patient believes 
herself endowed with beauty. 

callosal (kal-o'-sal) [callosum]. Pertaining to the 
corpus callosum. 

callositas (kal-os'-it-as). See callosity. 

callosity (kal-os'-it-e) [callus]. A hard, thickened 
patch on the skin produced by excessive accumulation 
of the horny layers. Syn., callositas; keratoma; 
tyloma; tylosis. 

callosomarginal (kal-o-so-mar'-jin-al) [callosum; 
mar go, margin]. Relating to the callosal and 
marginal gyri of the brain. 

callososerrate (kal-o-so-ser'-dt) [callus; serratus, 
saw-shaped]. Serrated callous projections. 

callosum (kal-o'-sum). See corpus callosum. 



callous (kal'-us) [callus]. Hard. See callus. 

callus (kal'-us) [L.]. 1. A callosity; hardened and 
thickened skin. 2. The new growth of incomplete 
osseous tissue that surrounds the ends of a fractured 
bone during the process of repair, c, interior, c, 
internal, provisional callus of a fractured bone de- 
posited in its medullary canal, c, permanent, the 
permanent bond of bony union after reabsorption 
of the provisional callus, or cartilage-like, plastic 
material first thrown out. c. of skin, induration and 
thickening of the skin. 

calmant (kahm'-ant) [ME., calme]. A calmative 
medicine. 

calmative (ka(h)V -mat-iv) . 1. Calming; sedative. 
2. An agent that produces a calming or sedative 
effect. 

Calmette's reaction or ophthalmo-tuberculin test 
(kal-mef) [Albert Calmette, French bacteriologist, 
1863- ]. A diagnostic measure to detect the 
presence or absence of tuberculosis. It consists in 
the instillation into the eye of a drop of a one per 
cent, aqueous solution of an alcoholic precipitate of 
Koch's old tuberculin. In a positive reaction the 
conjunctiva becomes congested and a fibrinous 
exudate forms in the lower conjunctival sac and at 
the inner canthus. 

calmin (kal'-min). A compound of antipyrine 
and heroine; it is used in asthma. 

calolactose (cal-o-lak'-tos). Trade name of an 
intestinal disinfectant said to consist of calomel, 
1 part; bismuth subnitrate, 1 part; lactose, 8 parts. 

calomel (kal'-o-mel) [koKos, fair; ^eXas, black]. 
Mercurous chloride, c, colloidal. Same as calo- 
melol. 

calomelol (kal'-o-mel-ol). Colloidal calomel; a 
proprietary preparation containing calomel and 
albumin; used as a dusting-powder or in ointment. 

calor (ka'-lor) [L.]. 1. Heat. 2. Moderate fever- 
heat; less than fervor and ardor, c. animalis, animal 
heat. c. febrilis, fever-heat. c. fervens, boiling 
heat. c. innatus, natural or normal heat. c. in- 
ternus, inward fever: fever not appreciable on the 
surface of the body. c. mordax, c. mordicans, 
biting or pungent heat. c. nativus, native or animal 
heat; blood-heat; normal heat. 

calorescence (kal-or-es'-ens).^ Tyndall's name for 
the conversion of rays of heat into rays of light. 

Calori's bursa (ka-lor'-e) [Luigi Calori, Italian 
anatomist, 1807-1896]. A bursa between the arch 
of the aorta and the trachea. 

caloric (ka-lor'-ik) [calor]. 1. Pertaining to a calory 
or to heat. 2. Heat. 

caloricity (kal-or-is'-it-e) [calor, heat]. The heat- 
producing power of the living animal body. 

calorie (kal'-or-e). See calory. 

calorifacient (kal-or-if-a'-she-ent) [calor; facer e, to 
make]. Heat-producing (applied to certain foods). 

calorific (kal-or-if'-ik) [calor, heat; facere, to make]. 
Heat-producing, c. center, heat-producing center. 

calorimeter (kal-or-im'-et-er) [calor; fterpov, a 
measure]. An instrument for measuring the heat 
that bodies produce or absorb, c, respiration 
(Atwater's), an apparatus used to determine the 
caloric values of various foods and their effect on 
metabolism. 

calorimetric equivalent. The amount of heat 
necessary to raise the temperature of the calorimeter 
i° C. 

calorimetry (kal-or-im'-et-re). The estimation of 
the heat-units by the calorimeter, c, direct, a 
method of estimating the amount of heat produced 
and given off by an animal incased in a ventilated 
cabinet, and inclosed in another cabinet filled with 
air or water, by gaging the amount imparted to the 
air or water in the second cabinet, c, indirect, 
that arrived at by an estimation of the calorific value 
of a known quantity of food ingested by an animal 
in a given time. 

calorimotor (kal-or-im-o'-tor) [calor, heat; motor, 
mover]. A galvanic battery that produces heating- 
effects, generating electricity in large quantity, but 
not necessarily with a high electro-motive force. 

calorinesis (kal-or-in'-es-is) [calor, heat; pi., 
calorineses]. Any disease characterized by an alter- 
ation in the quantity of animal heat. 

calory {kal'-or-e) [Fr., calorie]. A heat-unit; the 
amount of heat required to raise the temperature 
of one kilogram of water from o° to i° C. c, great. 
See calory, c, rational, the amount of heat required 
to raise the temperature of one gram of water from 



CALOT'S METHOD 



182 



CAMPHOR 



o° to ioo° C, and is approximately equal to ioo small 
calories, c, small, the amount of heat required to 
raise the temperature of one gram of water i° C. 

Calot's method (kal'-o) [Francois Calot, French 
surgeon, 1861- ]. A method of forcible reduc- 
tion of angular deformity of the spine. 

calox. A proprietary preparation, containing cal- 
cium peroxide; used as a dentifrice. 

calumba (kal-um'-bah) [native Mozambique, ka- 
lumb]. Columbo. The root of Jateorrhiza calumba, 
native to South Africa and parts of the East Indies. 
It is an excellent example of a simple bitter, and 
contains a bitter principle, calumbin, C21H22O7, of 
which the dose is 1-3 gr. (0.065-0.2 Gm.). It is not 
astringent, and may be prescribed with salts of iron. 
It is useful in atonic dyspepsia, and as a mild, appe- 
tizing tonic in convalescence, c, extract of (ex- 
tractum calumba., B. P.). Dose 2-10 gr. (0.13-0.65 
Gm.). c, fluidextract of (fluidextr actum calumba, 
U. S. P.). Dose 5-30 min. (0.32-2.0 Cc). c, 
infusion of (infusum colomba, B. P.). Dose 1-2 oz. 
(30-60 Cc). c, tincture of (tinctura calumba, U. 
S. P.), contains 10 % of calumba. Dose §-2 dr. 
(2-8 Cc). 

calumbin (kal-um'-bin). A bitter principle found 
in calumba, q. v. 

calvaria. calvarium (kal-va'-re-ah, -um) [calva, the 
scalp]. The upper part of the skull; the skull- 
cap. 

calvarian (kal-va'-re-an) [calva, the scalp]. Relat- 
ing to the calvaria. 

calvities (kal-vish'-e-ez), [calvus, bald]. Baldness. 

calvitium (kal-vish'-e-um). See calvities. 

calvous {kal'-vus) [calvus]. Bald. 

calx (kalks) [L.]. 1. The heel. 2. Calcium oxide. 
c. chlorinata (U. S. P., B. P.), chlorinated lime. 
c. sulphurata (U. S. P., B. P.), consists largely of 
calcium sulphide; used externally and internally in 
skin diseases. Dose T V gr. (0.006 Gm.). c. usta, 
c. viva, burnt lime, unslaked lime, quick lime. 

calyces of the kidneys (kal'-is-ez) [plural of calyx]. 
The cup-like tubes of the ureter that encircle the 
apices of the Malpighian pyramids of the kidneys. 

calyciform (kal-is'-e-form) [calyx; forma, shape]. 
Cup-shaped; resembling a calyx. 

calycine (kal'-is-in) [calyx, calyx]. In biology, 
pertaining to or resembling a calyx. 

calycle (kal'-ik-l) [caly cuius, a little calyx]. In 
biology, applied to parts that resemble a calyx, as 
the bracts or leaflets of certain plants, or the cup- 
cells of zoophytes. 

calyculus (kal-ik'-u-lus) [pi., calyculi]. See calycle. 
calyculi gustatorii. See taste-buds. 

calyx (ka'-liks) [L.; pi., calyces]. A cup; especially 
one of the cup-like divisions of the pelvis of the 
kidney into which the pyramids project, c. of ovum, 
the wall of the Graafian follicle from which the 
ovum has escaped. 

camara (kam'-ar-ah). 1. An arched or vaulted 
chamber. 2. The fornix of the brain. 3. The 
hollow of the external ear. 

cambium (kam'-be-um) [L.]. A layer of tissue formed 
between the wood and the bark of exogenous plants. 

cambodia (kam-bo'-de-ah). See cambogia. 

cambogia (kam-bo'-je-ah) [Camboja, or Cambodia, 
in Siam]. Gamboge. A resinous gum from Garcinia 
hanburii, a tree native to southern Asia. Its proper- 
ties are due to gambogic acid. It is a drastic, hydra- 
gogue cathartic, decidedly diuretic, c, compound 
pill of (pilula cambogia composita, B. P.), contains 
cambogia, aloes, hard soap, compound powder of 
cinnamon, and syrup. Dose 5-10 gr. (0.32-0.65 
Gm.). It is also officially a constituent of compound 
cathartic pills. 

camera (kam'-er-ah) [Ka.iia.pa, an arched roof or 
chamber]. 1. See camara. 2. In optics, the apparatus 
used for photography, c. aquosa, the anterior aque- 
ous chamber of the eye. c. cordis, the enveloping 
membrane of the heart, the pericardium, c. lucida, 
an optical device for superimposing or combining two 
fields of view in one eye, invented by the chemist, 
Wollaston. c. oculi, the chamber of the eye. c. 
septi lucidi, the fifth ventricle of the brain. 

camisia foetus (kam-is'-e-ah). The chorion. 

camisole (kam-is-oV) [Fr.]. The strait-jacket, 
used for the restraint of the violently insane. 

Cammidge's test [Percy John Cammidge, English 
physician]. A test for the detection of pancreatic 
disease by examination of the urine for a substance, 
probably pentose. 



camomile, chamomile (kam'-o-mil). See anihemis 
and matricaria. 

Campani's test (kam-pah'-ne). For glucose: If a 
concentrated solution of lead subacetate mixed with 
a dilute solution of copper acetate is added to urine 
containing glucose a yellow to orange-red precipitate 
results. 

camp cure. Life in camp and in the open air, 
adopted as a therapeutic measure, c. fever, synonym 
of typhus fever, c. measles, an epidemic of measles 
among soldiers. 

Camper's angle (kam'-per) [Peter Camper, Dutch 
anatomist, 1722-1789]. See facial angle. C.'s 
chiasm, the crossing of the inner fibers of the 
tendons of the flexor sublimis digitorum (see under 
muscle) after they have separated to give passage to 
the tendons of the deep flexor. C's fascia, the 
superficial layer of the lower part of the superficial 
fascia of the abdomen. C.'s ligament, triangular 
ligament; the deep perineal fascia. C.'s line, a line 
running from the external auditory meatus to a 
point just below the nasal spine. 

camphacol (kam'-fak-ol). A proprietary prepara- 
tion said to contain camphoric acid, formaldehyde 
and guaiacol; used in catarrhal conditions of the 
respiratory and urinary tract. Dose gr. 5-20 (0.3- 
1.2 Gm.). 

camphene (kam'-fen) [camphor]. 1. Any one of 
the volatile oils or hydrocarbons having the general 
formula C10H16, isomeric with oil of turpentine. 
Many camphenes, as oil of cloves, etc., exist ready 
formed in plants. They are liquid at ordinary 
temperatures. 2. Purified oil of turpentine. 

camphenol (kam-fe'-nol) . A compound of camphor 
cresols, and phenols; it is a disinfectant. 

camphin (kam'-fin) , CioHs. A colorless oil obtained 
by the distillation of camphor with iodine. 

camphoid (kam'-foid) [camphor]. A substitute for 
collodion. It is a solution, one in 40, of pyroxylin, 
in equal parts by weight of camphor and absolute 
alcohol. 

camphol {kam'-fol). See borneol. 

campholyptus (kam-fo-lip'-tus). A proprietary 
external anodyne said to consist of eucalyptol, 
camphor and chloral. 

camphophenique (kam-fo-fen-ek') [Fr.]. A pro- 
prietary preparation combining camphor and phenol; 
it is recommended as an antiseptic and local stimulant. 

camphor (kam'-for) [camphor a, camphor], C10H16O. 
A solid, volatile oil obtained from Cinnamomum 
camphora, a tree indigenous to eastern Asia. It 
yields camphoric and camphonic acids, also camphor 
cymol when exposed to a high heat in closed vessels. 
It is antispasmodic, anodyne, diaphoretic, and stimu- 
lant. Applied locally, it is rubefacient. It is used 
in cholera, vomiting, the typhoid state, headache, 
diarrhea with pain, etc., cardiac depression, and 
affections requiring an antispasmodic, c, artificial, 
C10H16HCI, a terpene hydrochloride obtained from 
oil of turpentine by action of hydrochloric acid; 
it is a solid very similar to camphor, c.-ball, an 
English preparation used as an application to chapped 
skin. Its composition is spermaceti, 4; white wax, 
12; oil of almonds, 5; melt in a water-bath, and add 
flowers of camphor 4; dissolve, and when nearly cold 
pour into boxes or mold in gallipots, c, Borneo. 
See borneol. c, carbolated, a mixture of 2! parts of 
camphor with 1 each of phenol and alcohol; it is a 
good antiseptic dressing for wounds, c. cerate 
(ceratum camphora, U. S. P.), consists of camphor 
liniment, 3; olive-oil, 12; simple cerate, 85. It is 
used for itching skin affections, c, chloral, a fluid 
prepared by mixing equal parts of camphor and 
chloral. It is an excellent solvent for many alkaloids, 
and is used externally as a sedative application, c, 
citrated, a compound of citric acid and camphor; a 
white powder, antiseptic, antispasmodic, and stimu- 
lant. Dose 3-10 gr. (0.2-0.65 Gm.) several times 
daily, c, flowers of, powdered camphor obtained 
by condensing sublimed camphor, c.-ice, a cosmetic 
preparation made by melting 16 parts of white wax 
with 48 parts of benzoated suet, and then adding 8 
parts of camphor and 1 part of oil of lavender, c, 
Japan, the commercial variety brought from Japan; 
it is also called tub camphor, from the receptacle in 
which it comes, or Dutch camphor, from its intro- 
duction into the market by that people, c. liniment 
(linimentum camphora, U. S. P.), a preparation con- 
sisting of camphor, 20 parts; cotton-seed oil, 80 parts. 
c. liniment, compound (linimentum camphora com- 



CAMPHORACEOUS 



183 



CANAL 



positum, B. P.), contains camphor and oil of lavender 
dissolved in rectified spirit, and strong solution of 
ammonia added, c, liquid, oil of camphor, c, 
liquid artificial, CioHieHCl, a liquid isomere of solid 
artificial camphor obtained from oil of turpentine by- 
action of gaseous hydrochloric acid at high tempera- 
tures, c, monobromated (camphora monobromata, 
U. S. P.), CloHisBrO, camphor in which one atom of 
hydrogen has been replaced by an atom of bromine. 
It resembles the bromides in therapeutic action. 
Dose i-io gr. (0.065-0.65 Gm.). c, Neroli. See 
auradeA c.-resin, C20H30O2, a yellow, resinous [body 
obtained from camphor by heating it with an "alco- 
holic solution of caustic potash, c. salicylate, pre- 
pared by heating together 14 parts of camphor and 
11 of salicylic acid. It is used as an ointment. 
c, spirit of (spiritus camphor cb, U. S. P.), contains 
camphor, 10; alcohol, 90 parts. Dose 5-20 min. 
(0.3-1.2 Cc). c, tincture of, compound (tinctura 
camphora composita, B. P.), contains opium, benzoic 
acid, camphor, oil of anise, and proof spirit. Dose 
15 min.-i dr. (1-4 Cc). c, tincture of, Rubini's, 
a saturated solution of camphor in alcohol. Dose 
2-5 min. (0.12-0.3 Cc). c.-water (aqua camphora, 
U. S. P.), consists of camphor, 8; alcohol, 5; distilled 
water, sufficient to make 1000 parts. Dose 1-4 dr. 
(4-16 Cc). 

camphoraceous (kam-for-a'-shus). Resembling or 
containing camphor. Syn., camphoroid; camphorous. 

camphorate (kam'-for-at). A salt of camphoric 
acid. 

camphorated (kam'-for-a-ted) [camphor]. Impreg- 
nated with camphor, c. oil, camphor liniment 
(camphor 20, cotton-seed oil 80). 

camphoric (kam-for'-ik). Relating to camphor. 
c. acid. See acid, camphoric, c.-acid phenetidin, a 
compound of camphoric acid and paraphenetidin. 
c. anhydride, C11H14O3, the anhydride of camphoric 
acid, a sticky mass obtained by heating the crude 
acid. 

camphorism (kam'-for-izm). Camphor-poisoning; 
a condition marked by gastritis, coma, and con- 
vulsions, due to excessive ingestion of camphor and 
its preparations. 

camphorogenol (kam-for-oj'-en-ol), C10H18O2. A 
constituent of camphor occurring as a tolerably 
heavy oil with smell somewhat like camphor; boils 
at 212-213 C. 

camphoromania (kam-for-o-ma'-ne-a) [camphor; 
^d^ia, frenzy]. The camphor habit; a morbid craving 
for camphor. 

camphoroxol (kam-for-oks'-oT). A 3 % solution of 
hydrogen dioxide containing 32 % of alcohol and 1 % 
of camphor. 

camphrene (kam'-fren) , C9H14O. A volatile product 
of camphor and sulphuric acid. 

camphyl (kam'-fil). The hypothetical radical of 
borneol, C10H17. c. alcohol, borneol. 

campimeter (kam-pim'-et-er). See perimeter. 

campsis (kamp'-sis) [/ca^i/as, a curving]. Any 
abnormal curvature or flexion. 

camptodactylia (kamp-to-dak-til'-e-ah) [KanTrros, 
bent; SoktvXos, finger]. Permanent flexion of one 
or more fingers. 

campylochirus (kam-pil-o-ki'-rus) [Ka/nrvKos, crook- 
ed; xeLp, hand]. Having distorted hands. 

campylorrhachis (kam-pil-or'-a-kis) [/ca/i-n-uXos, 
crooked; pax«, backbone]. A fetus with spinal 
deformity. 

campylorrhinus (kam-pil-o-ri'-nus) [KafnrvXos, 
crooked; pis, nose]. A monstrosity with a de- 
formity of the nose. 

Canada balsam (kan'-a-dah). See balsam, Canada. 
C. fleabane. See erigeron. C. hemp. See apocynum. 
C. pitch. See pix canadensis. 

canadine (kan'-ad-en), C21H21NO4. An alkaloid 
from the rhizome of Hydrastis canadensis, occurring 
in pure white needles, soluble in alcohol and melting 
at I32°-I35° C. 

canadol (kan'-ad-ol). A transparent volatile 
liquid resembling benzene in smell. It is a local 
anesthetic used in minor surgical operations. 

canal, canalis (kan-aV ', kan-a'-lis) [L., canalis]. 
A tubular channel or passage, c, abdominal. See 
c, inguinal, c, adductor. See Hunter's canal. 
c, Alcock's. See Alcock's canal, c, alimentary, the 
whole digestive tube from the mouth to the anus. 
c, alisphenoid, in comparative anatomy, a canal in 
the alisphenoid bone, opening anteriorly into the 
foramen rotundum, and transmitting the external 



carotid artery, c, alveolar, anterior, one located 
in the superior maxilla; it transmits the anterior 
superior dental nerve, c, alveolar, inferior, the 
inferior dental canal, c, alveolar, median, one 
located in the superior maxilla and transmitting the 
middle superior dental nerve, c, alveolar, posterior, 
one situated in the superior maxilla; it transmits the 
posterior superior dental nerve, c, alveolodental, 
any of the dental canals, c, anal, the third part 
of the rectum or space between the rectum proper 
and the anus, c, arachnoid, a space formed beneath 
the arachnoid membrane of the brain; it transmits 
the vena? magna? Galeni. c. of Arantius, the ductus 
venosus. c, archinephric, the duct of the archine- 
phron or primitive kidney, c, Arnold's innominate. 
See Arnold's canal, c, arterial. See ductus arteri- 
osus, c, atrial, the cavity of the atrium, c, audi- 
tory, external, that from the auricle to the tympanic 
membrane, c, auditory, internal, that beginning 
on the posterior surface of the petrous bone, and 
extending outward and backward for a distance of 
about four lines; it transmits the auditory and facial 
nerves and the auditory artery, c, auricular. 1. See 
c, auditory, external. 2. The constriction between 
the auricular and ventricular portions of the fetal 
heart, c, avant-, the anterior portion of the male 
urethra, c, Bartholin's, the duct of Bartholin's 
gland, c, Bernard's. See Bernard's canal, c, 
Bichat's. See Bichat's canal, c, biliary. See c, 
hepatic. c, blastoporic. See c, neur enteric, c, 
Bochdalek's. See Bochdalek's canal, c. of bone, 
a canaliculus of bone, c, Braun's. See c, neur en- 
teric, c, Braune's. See Braune's canal. c, 
Breschet's. See c.s of diploe. c, bullular. See c. 
of Petit, c, caroticotympanic, two or three short 
canals extending from the carotid canal to the 
tympanum; they transmit branches of the carotid 
plexus, c, carotid, one in the petrous portion of the 
temporal bone; it transmits the internal carotid 
artery, c.s of cartilage, the canals in ossifying 
cartilage during its vascularization, intended to 
receive prolongations of the osteogenetic layer of the 
periosteum. They radiate in all directions from the 
center of ossification, c, central (of the modiolus), 
a canal running from the base to the apex of the 
cochlea, c, central (of spinal cord), the small canal 
that extends through the center of the spinal cord 
from the conus medullaris to the lower part of the 
fourth ventricle. It represents the embryonic 
ectodermal canal, c, cerebrospinal. 1. The neural 
or craniovertebral canal formed by the skull and the 
spine, and containing the brain and spinal marrow. 
2. The primitive continuous cavity of the brain and 
spinal cord, not infrequently more or less extensively 
obliterated in the cord, but in the brain modified in 
the form of the several ventricles and other cavities. 
c, cervical. See c. of cervix uteri, c, cervicouterine. 
See c, uterine, c. of cervix uteri, that portion of the 
uterine canal that extends between the internal and 
the external os. canalis choledochus, the common 
bile-duct. c. of chorda tympani, a small canal in 
the temporal bone, between its squamous and petrous 
portions, parallel with the Glaserian fissure; it trans- 
mits the chorda tympani nerve, c, ciliary. See 
c. of Fontana. c, circumpeduncular, the lateral 
ventricles of the brain, c. of Cloquet. See c, 
hyaloid, c, cochlear, the spiral and snail-like cavity 
of the cochlea, 28 to 30 mm. long. The base is turned 
inward toward the internal auditory meatus, and 
the apex outward toward the tympanum, c, con- 
necting, the arched or coiled portion of a uriniferous 
tubule, joining with a collecting tubule, c. of Corti. 
See Corti's canal, c, Cotugno's, c. of Cotunnius. 
See aqueduct of Cotunnius. c, craniopharyngeal, a 
fetal canal perforating the posterior part of the 
sphenoid bone and extending from the pharynx to 
the hypophysis and the epiphysis; it sometimes 
persists in infancy, c, craniovertebral. See c, 
cerebrospinal, and c, vertebral, c, crural. See c, 
femoral, c.s of Cuvier. See Cuvier's canals, c, 
cystic, the cystic duct, c, deferent, the vas de- 
ferens, c.s, demicircular. See c.s, semicircular, c, 
dental, anterior, one extending into the facial portion 
of the superior maxilla; it transmits the anterior 
dental vessels and nerves, c, dental, inferior, the 
dental canal of the inferior maxilla; it transmits the 
inferior dental nerve and vessels, c.s, dental, 
posterior, two canals in the superior maxilla. They 
transmit the superior posterior dental vessels and 
nerves, c.s, dentinal, the minute canals in dentine, 



CANAL 



184 



CANAL 



extending approximately at right angles to the surface 
of a tooth from the pulp-cavity, into which they 
open, to the cementum and enamel, c.s of deriva- 
tion, anastomotic venous branches extending from 
deep to superficial veins, c, digestive. See c, 
alimentary, c.s of diploe, canals in the diploe of 
the cranium transmitting Breschet's veins, c, 
ejaculatory. See duct, ejaculatory. c. of epididymis, 
a convoluted tube, about 20 feet long when straight- 
ened, forming the epididymis and continuous with 
the vas deferens, c, ethmoid, anterior, one between 
the ethmoid and frontal bones; it transmits the nasal 
branch of the ophthalmic nerve and the anterior 
ethmoid vessels, c, ethmoid, posterior. See c, 
orbital, posterior internal. c, Eustachian. See 
Eustachian canal, c, facial, the aqueduct of Fal- 
lopius; it transmits the facial nerve, c, Fallopian. 
See c, facial, c. of the Fallopian tube. See aquee- 
ductus Fallopii. c, femoral. 1. The inner com- 
partment of the sheath of the femoral vessels behind 
Poupart's ligament. 2. See c, Hunter's, c. of 
Ferrein. See Ferrein's canal, c. of Fontana, a series 
of small spaces formed by the interlacing of the 
connective-tissue fibers of the framework of the peri- 
pheral processes of the iris, situated in the angle of 
the anterior chamber, and serving as a medium for 
the transudation of the aqueous humor from the 
posterior to the anterior chamber of the eye. Syn., 
canal of Hovius; ciliary canal; Fontana's spaces. 
c.s, galactophorous, the lactiferous tubules of the 
mammary gland, canalis ganglionaris, the spinal 
canal of the modiolus, c. of Gartner. See Gartner's 
canal, c, genital, in comparative anatomy, any 
canal designed for copulation or for the discharge 
of ova. c. of Guidi. See c, Vidian, c, Han- 
nover's. See Hannover's canal, c.s of Havers. 
See Haversian canals, c, hemal, the ventral of the 
two canals, of which, according to R. Owen, the 
vertebrate animal is composed. It contains the heart 
and the other viscera, while the neural canal incloses 
the central nervous system, c. of Henle. See 
Henle's canal, c, Hensen's. See Hensen's canal. 
c, hepatic. 1. The excretory duct of the liver. 
2. The radicles of the hepatic duct, c, hernial, one 
transmitting a hernia, c, His', the thyroglossal 
duct of the fetus, of which the cecal foramen of the 
tongue is the vestige and which may persist during 
postnatal life. c. of Hovius. See c. of Fontana. 
c. of Huguier. See c. of chorda tympani. c, 
Hunter's. See Hunter's canal, c. of Huschke. 
See Huschke's canal, c, hyaloid, a canal running 
anteroposteriorly through the vitreous body, through 
which, in the fetus, the hyaloid artery passes, to 
ramify on the posterior surface of the crystalline lens. 
c. of the hypoglossus, the anterior condylar foramen. 
c, incisor, a canal that opens into the mouth by an 
aperture just behind the incisor teeth of the upper 
jaw; it is formed by a groove on the adjoining sur- 
faces of the superior maxillae, and has two branches 
that open into the nasal fossae, c, infraorbital, a 
small canal running obliquely through the bony 
floor of the orbit; it transmits the infraorbital artery 
and nerve, c, inguinal, a canal about i| inches 
long, running obliquely downward and inward from 
the internal to the external abdominal ring, and con- 
stituting the channel through which an inguinal 
hernia descends; it transmits the spermatic cord in 
the male and the round ligament of the uterus in 
the female, c, innominate. See Arnold's innomi- 
nate canal, c, intestinal, that portion of the ali- 
mentary canal that is included between the pylorus 
and the anus, c, intralobular, biliary, the radicals 
of the bile-ducts, forming a fine network in and around 
the hepatic cells, and communicating with vacuoles 
in the cells, c. of Jacobson. See c, tympanic. 
c. of Kowalewsky. See c, neurenteric. c, lacrimal. 
1. The bony canal that lodges the nasal duct. 2. One 
of the lacrimal canaliculi. c, Landzert's. See c, 
craniopharyngeal. c, Lauth's. See c. of Schlemm. 
c. of Loewenberg. See Loewenberg's canal. c, 
malar, one in the malar bone transmitting the malar 
division of the temporomalar branch of the superior 
maxillary nerve, c.s, mandibular. See c, dental, 
inferior, c, mastoid, one opening just above the 
stylomastoid foramen and transmitting the auricular 
branch of the vagus nerve, c, maxillary. See c, 
dental, c, median. 1. The central canal of the 
spinal cord. 2. The aqueduct of Sylvius, c, 
medullary. 1. The hollow cavity of a long bone, 
containing the marrow. 2. See c, vertebral. 3. The 



central canal of the spinal cord. 4. A Haversian 
canal. 5- In embryology, the medullary tube. 
c, medullary, cerebrospinal, the central canal of 
the spinal cord, c, membranous, of the cochlea, 
a canal in the cochlea, following the turns of the 
lamina spiralis; it is bounded by the basilar mem- 
brane, the membrane of Reissner, and the wall of the 
cochlea, c.s, membranous, semicircular. See c.s, 
semicircular, c. of modiolus. See c, spiral, of the 
modiolus, c, myelonal, the central canal of the 
spinal cord, c, nasal. 1. See c, lacrimal (1). 
2. An occasional canal found in the posterior portion 
of the nasal bone; 'it transmits the nasal nerves. 
c, nasolacrimal. See c, lacrimal (1). c, naso- 
palatine. See c, incisor, canalis nervi petrosi 
profundi minoris, one in the petrosa transmitting the 
deep petrosal nerve, canalis nervi petrosi super- 
ficialis majoris, one opening into the Fallopian aque- 
duct and transmitting the great superficial nerve. 
c, neural. See c, vertebral, c, neurenteric (of 
Kowalewsky), also called blastoporic canal, in the 
embryo, a passage leading from the posterior part of 
the medullary tube into the archenteron. c, neuro- 
central. See c, vertebral, c. of Nuck. See Nuck, 
canal of. c.s, nutritive. See c.s. Haversian, c, 
obstetric. See c, parturient, c, obturator, a canal 
in the ilium transmitting the obturator nerve and 
vessels, c.s, olfactory, in the embryo, the nasal 
fossae at an early period of development, c, om- 
phalomesenteric, in the embryo, a canal that con- 
nects the cavity of the intestine with the umbilical 
vesicle, c, orbital, anterior internal. See c, eth- 
moid, anterior, c, orbital, posterior internal, the 
posterior of two canals formed by the ethmoid bone 
and the orbital plate of the frontal bone. It trans- 
mits the posterior ethmoid vessels, c, palatine, 
accessory posterior, one or two canals in the hori- 
zontal plate of the palate bone, near the groove 
entering into the formation of the posterior palatine 
canal, c, palatine, anterior, formed by the union 
of the incisive canals; it opens on the palate behind 
the incisor teeth, c, palatine, descending. See 
c, palatomaxillary, c, palatine, external, small, a 
small canal in the pyramidal process of the palate 
bone, close to its connection with the horizontal 
plate. It transmits the external palatine nerve, c, 
palatine, posterior, c, palatine, smaller. See c, 
palatomaxillary, c, palatine, superior, one formed 
by the palate bone and the superior maxilla, trans- 
mitting the large palatine nerve and blood-vessels. 
c, palatomaxillary, one formed by the outer surface 
of the palate bone and the adjoining surface of the 
superior maxilla. It transmits the large palatine 
nerve and blood-vessel, c, parturient, the channel 
through which the fetus passes in parturition, com- 
prising the cavity formed by the uterus and vagina 
considered as a single canal, c, pelvic, the canal of 
the pelvis from the superior to the inferior strait. 
c, perivascular, the lymph-spaces about the blood- 
vessels, c. of Petit. See Petit's canal, c, petro- 
mastoid, a small canal, not always present, situated 
at the angle of union between the mastoid and 
petrous bones. It transmits a small vein from the 
middle fossa of the skull to the transverse sinus. 
c.s, petrosal, two canals on the upper surface of the 
petrous portion of the temporal bone, transmitting 
the large and small superficial petrosal nerves, c, 
pharyngotympanic, one in the embryo developing 
into the Eustachian canal and the tympanum, c, 
plasmatic, a Haversian canal, c, pore. See c, 
porous, c, porous, a canal in the ovule, supposed to 
serve for the entrance of the spermatozoids in fecun- 
dation, c, portal, the space in the capsule of Glisson 
of the liver, in which the portal vein, hepatic artery, 
and bile-duct lie. c, primitive, the vertebral canal 
of the embryo, c.s, pseudostomatous, the processes 
of branched cells that extend from a subepithelial or 
endothelial layer to the free surface, their free ends 
forming the pseudostomata. c., pterygoid. See 
c. Vidian, c, pterygopalatine, one formed by the 
root of the internal pterygoid plate of the sphenoid 
bone and the sphenoid process of the palate bone. It 
transmits the pterygopalatine vessels and nerve. 
c, pulmoaortic. See ductus arteriosus, c. of the 
quadrigemina, the Sylvian aqueduct, canalis radicis, 
one in the root of a tooth, c.s of Recklinghausen. 
See Recklinghausen's canals, c, recurrent, canalis 
recurrens. See c, Vidian, c, Reichert's. See 
c, Hensen's. c. of Reissner. See c, membranous, 
of the cochha. c. of Rivinus, the duct of the sub- 



CANALICULAR 



185 



CANCER 



lingual gland, c. of Rosenthal. See c, spiral, of 
the modiolus, c, sacculocochlear, one connecting 
the sacculus and the cochlea, c, sacculoutricular, 
one connecting the sacculus and the utricle, c, 
sacral, the continuation of the vertebral canal in the 
sacrum, c.s, Saviotti's. See Saviotti's canals, c. of 
Schlemm. See Schlemm's canal, c.s, semicircular, 
bony canals of the labyrinth of the internal ear. 
They are three in number, — the external, superior, 
and posterior, — and contain the membranous semi- 
circular canals, c, semicircular, anterior, c, semi- 
circular, anterior vertical. See c, semicircular, 
superior, c, semicircular, external, that one of the 
semicircular canals of the labyrinth having its plane 
horizontal and its convexity directed backward. 
c, semicircular, frontal. See c, semicircular, su- 
perior, c, semicircular, horizontal. See c, semi- 
circular, external, c, semicircular, inferior, c, 
semicircular inner, c, semicircular, internal. See 
c, semicircular, posterior, c, semicircular, lateral. 
See c, semicircular, external, c, semicircular, 
osseous. See c.s, semicircular, c, semicircular, 
posterior, that one of the semicircular canals having 
its convexity directed backward and its plane almost 
parallel to the posterior wall of the pyramid, c, 
semicircular, posterior vertical, c, semicircular, 
sagittal. See c, semicircular, posterior, c, semi- 
circular, superior, that one of the semicircular canals 
having its convexity directed toward the upper 
surface of the pyramid, c.s, seminal, the seminifer- 
ous tubules, c, serous, any minute canal connected 
with the lymph-vessels and supposed to be filled with 
lymph, c, sheathing, the communication between 
the cavity of the tunica vaginalis of the testicle 
and the general peritoneal cavity. It soon closes in 
man, leaving the tunica vaginalis a closed sac. c, 
spermatic, i. The vas deferens. 2. The inguinal 
canal in the male, c., sphenopalatine. See c, 
pterygopalatine, c, spinal. See c, vertebral, c, 
spiral, of the cochlea, one that runs spirally around 
the modiolus, taking two turns and a half, diminishing 
in size from the base to the apex, and terminating in 
the cupola, c, spiral, of the modiolus, a small 
canal winding around the modiolus at the base of the 
lamina spiralis, c, spiroid, of the temporal bone. 
See c, facial, c, of Steno, the duct of the parotid 
gland, c. of Stilling. See c, hyaloid, and c, central, 
of spinal cord, c, suborbital. See c, infraorbital. 
c, supraorbital, one at the upper margin of the orbit. 
It transmits the supraorbital artery and nerve, c, 
tarsal, one between and below the heads of the 
abductor hallucis, transmitting the vessels and nerves 
to the sole of the foot, c, temporal, c, temporo- 
malar. See c, zygomaticotemporal, c, thoracic, 
the thoracic duct, canales tubagformes, the semi- 
circular canals, canalis tuberculorum quadrigemin- 
orum, the aqueduct of Sylvius, c, tuboovarian, the 
oviduct, c, tubotympanal, the inner division of the 
first gill cleft in the embryo, c, tympanic, one that 
opens on the lower surface of the petrous bone, 
between the carotid canal and the groove for the 
internal jugular vein. It transmits Jacobson's 
nerve, c, uterine, the cavity of the uterus, including 
the body and neck, c, uterocervical, the cavity, of 
the cervix uteri, c, uterovaginal. 1. The common 
canal formed by the uterus and vagina. 2. In em- 
bryology, the duct of Mueller, c, vaginal, the canal 
of the vagina, c, vaginoperitoneal, the inguinal 
canal, c, vascular. See c.s, Haversian, c, vector, 
the oviduct, c, venous, the ductus venosus. c, 
vertebral, the canal formed by the vertebrae; it 
contains the spinal cord and its membranes, c, 
Vidian. See Vidian canal, c.s, Volkmann's. See 
Volkmann's canals, canalis vomeris, one lying 
between the vomer and the lower surface of the 
sphenoid, and transmitting blood-vessels to the nose. 
c.s, vomerobasilar, c.s, vomerosphenoid, lateral, 
small lateral canals lying between the vomer and the 
sphenoid, transmitting blood-vessels, c, vulvar, 
the vestibule of the vagina, c, vulvouterine, the 
vagina, c, vulvovaginal. 1. The vagina and the 
vulva considered as a single canal. 2. The orifice 
of the hymen, c. of Wirsung, the pancreatic duct. 
c. of Wolff. See Wolffian duct, c, zygomatic. See 
c, zygomaticotemporal, c, zygomaticofacial. See c, 
malar, c, zygomaticotemporal, the temporal canal 
of the malar bone, running from its orbital to its 
temporal surface. It transmits a branch of the 
superior maxillary nerve. 



ca n a li cular (kan-al-ik'-u-lar) [canal]. Canal- 
shaped; relating to a canaliculus. 

canaliculization {kan-al-ik-u-liz-a'-shun) [canalicu- 
lus, a little canal]. The formation of canaliculi, as 
in bone, or as in calcified cartilage. 

canaliculus (kan-al-ik'-u-lus) [L.]. 1. A small 
canal; especially that leading from the punctum to 
the lacrimal sac of the eye. 2. Any one of the 
minute canals opening into the lacunae of bone. 
canaliculi accessorii, inconstant canals at the outer 
edge of the anterior condylar foramen, for the trans- 
mission of veins, c. of communication, c. communi- 
cationis, a canal at the junction of the petrosa and the 
mastoid portion of the temporal bone, transmitting 
a vein from the middle fossa of the skull to the trans- 
verse sinus. Syn., aquaductus communicationis. c. 
laqueiformis. See Henle's loop. c. mastoideus, canal 
for the auricular branch of the vagus nerve, canali- 
culi medullares. See canals, Haversian, c. pharyn- 
geus. See canal, pterygopalatine, canaliculi, serous. 
See canals of Recklinghausen, c. tympanicus, canal 
for the tympanic branchy of the glossopharyngeal 
nerve, canaliculi vasculosi, Haversian canals. 

canalis (kan-a'-lis). Same as canal. 

canalization (kan-al-iz-a'-shun) [canal]. 1. The 
formation of canals, as in tissues, etc. 2. A system 
of wound-drainage without tubes. 

canary-seed (kan-a'-re-sed). The hulled seeds of 
Phalaris canariensis; it is used in emollient poultices. 

cancellate, cancellated {kan'-sel-at, -a'-ted) [cancel- 
lore, to provide with a lattice]. Reticulated, or 
characterized by latticed lines, as the spongy tissue 
of bones, or certain leaves consisting entirely of 
veins. 

cancellation {kan-sel-a'-shun) [cancelli, lattice- 
work]. The quality of being cancellate; cancellous 
structure. 

cancelli (kan-sel'-li) [L. pi. of cancellus, a lattice]. 
See cancellus. 

cancellous (kan'-sel-us) [cancellus, latticework]. 
Resembling latticework, as the tissue in the articular 
ends of long bones. 

cancellus (kan-sel'-us) [L. ; pi., cancelli, latticework]. 
A space, or unit of structure, in cancellous bone; 
any one of the minute divisions in spongy bone. 
The spongy, latticework texture of bone. 

cancer (kan'-ser). 1. See carcinoma. 2. Any kind 
of malignant growth. Syn., malignant disease. 
c, acinous, c, acute, medullary carcinoma or medul- 
lary sarcoma, c, adenoid, a malignant form chiefly 
composed of tubules lined with epithelium; adeno- 
carcinoma, c. a. deux, cancer attacking both husband 
and wife, or successively a man's first and his second 
wife. c. albus. See cancrum oris and noma. c. 
anthracinus, one beginning as a black speck and 
developing into a mulberry-like growth, c, apinoid, 
a hard cancer, so called because of the cleanness of 
its section, c, apioid, a hard cancer resembling an 
immature pear in section, c. aquaticus. Synonym 
of gangrenous stomatitis, c, Aran's green. See 
Aran's green cancer, c, areolar. See carcinoma, 
colloid, c.-bandage, a crab-shaped bandage; a split 
cloth of eight tails, c, black, melanotic cancer. 
c. of the blood, leukocythemia. c, cavernous, a 
colloid carcinoma in which the alveoli have become 
absorbed, c.-cell, an epithelial cell of peculiar, dis- 
torted shape, found in the interior of cancer-nests. 
It is an ordinary epithelial cell altered in outline by 
pressure, c, cellular, c, cerebriform. See car- 
cinoma, soft, and sarcoma, encephaloid. c, chimney- 
sweep's. See carcinoma, chimney-sweep' s. c, chon- 
droid, a hard cancer, which on section exhibits a 
shining, bluish-white appearance, c, chronic, a 
scirrhous cancer, c, cicatrizing, a form of hard 
cancer marked by atrophy and shrinking, c, clay- 
pipe. See c. K smoker's, c, Cohnheim's theory of 
the embryonic origin of. See Cohnheim's theory. 
c, colloid. See carcinoma, colloid, c, connective- 
tissue. See c, hard, c, dendritic, a papilloma. 
c, duct, a form of columnar epithelioma, c, eburne- 
ous. See scleroderma, c, embolic, one due to em- 
bolic infection, c, encephaloid. See carcinoma, 
encephaloid. c. en cuirasse, disseminated cancer 
of the skin of the thorax, c, epithelial, epithelioma. 
c, fasciculated, a spindle-celled sarcoma, c, fun- 
goid, c, fungous, c, hematoid. See sarcoma, 
encephaloid; angioma, cavernous; and angiomyces. 
c, gelatiniform, c, gelatinous, a colloid cancer, c, 
glaucoid, c, green. See Aran's green cancer, c, 
hard, one containing an excess of fibrous tissue. 



CANCERATE 



186 



CANNON-BONE 



c, inclusion theory of. See CoKnheim's theory of the 
embryonic origin of cancer, c, jacket, a continuously 
spreading cancerous infiltration of the superficial 
tissues, c.-juice, the milky fluid yielded by the cut 
surface of a cancer on scraping, c, lipomatous, one 
marked by many fat-cells in the stroma, c, mam- 
mary, i. One affecting a mammary gland. 2. See 
c, mastoid, c, mastoid, a form of medullary sar- 
coma presenting on section the appearance of boiled 
cow's udder. _ c, medullary. See c, soft, c, 
melanotic, a pigmented form. c. mollis, soft cancer. 
c, nephroid, a form of encephaloid sarcoma having 
the appearance of a kidney in section, c.-nest, a 
mass of cancer-cells, c. occultus, latent cancer. 
c, osteoid. 1. One containing a deposition of osseous 
material. 2. See osteosarcoma. 3. See osteochon- 
droma, c, osteolytic, carcinomatous infiltration of 
bone without distinct tumor-formation, c, primary, 
c, primitive, one not due to infection from some 
preceding cancerous manifestation. c. pullulans, 
an ulcerating cancer which forms granulations, c, 
pulpy, c, pultaceous. See c, colloid, c, ramose, a 
form of hard cancer which branches, c, rodent. 

1. Lupus. 2. Rodent ulcer, c, scirrhous. See c, 
hard, c, smoker's, epithelioma of the lip or mouth 
attributed to tobacco smoke or the irritation of a 
pipe, c, soft, one in which the cells predominate, 
the connective tissue being very small in amount. 
c, solanoid, one having the appearance of a potato 
in section, c, soot. See carcinoma, chimney-sweep' s. 
c, stone, scirrhous carcinoma, c. terebrans, an 
epithelioma, c, tubular epithelial. See cylindroma. 
c. verrucosus, epithelioma with wart-like epithelial 
hypertrophy, c, villous. See papilloma, c. xan- 
thosus. See Aran's green cancer. 

cancerate (kan'-ser-at). To become cancerous; to 
be developed into a cancer. 

canceration (kan-ser-a'-shun). Development into 
a cancer; the assumption of malignant qualities by a 
tumor. 

cancerine (kan'-ser-en) [cancer]. The name given 
to a ptomaine obtained from the urine in cases of 
carcinoma of the uterus. It is a white substance, 
crystallizing in fine needles and soluble in alkaline 
solutions. Its formula is C8H5NO3. 

cancerism (kan'-ser-izm). The tendency to can- 
cerous formation. 

canceroderm (kan'-ser-o-derm). A. T. Brand's 
name for angiomata, conspicuous in size and number, 
which appear in certain people who are not aged, 
and which he believes bear a relation to malignant 
growths. 

canceromyces (kan-ser-o-mi'-sez). See cladospor- 
ium cancerogenes. 

cancerous (kan'-ser-us). Having the qualities of a 
cancer; malignant. 

canchasmus (kan-kaz'-mus) [nayKaanos, loud 
laughter]. Hysterical or immoderate laughter. 

Cancriamceba macroglossia (kang-kre-ah-me'-bah 
mak-ro-glos' -e-ah) . An organism claimed to have 
been found in epithelial carcinoma, and of which the 
spores are identical with Plimmer's bodies. 

cancriform (kang'-krif-orm) [cancer, a crab; forma, 
form]. Resembling a cancer in appearance. 

cancrine (kang'-kren). Cancerous. 

cancroid (kang'-kroid) [cancer]. 1. Cancer-like. 

2. An epithelioma. 3. A variety of keloid, c. cor- 
puscles. See corpuscles, cancroid, c, dermic, epithe- 
lioma attacking all the layers of the skin, c, folli- 
cular, epithelioma arising in the hair-follicles or in 
the glands of the skin, c, papillary, epithelioma 
affecting the papillary layer and subsequently the 
other layers of the skin. c. ulcer. See rodent 
ulcer. 

cancroin (kang'-kro-in) [cancer]. A substance 
(said to be identical with neurin) introduced by 
Adamkiewicz as a material for hypodermatic injec- 
tion in cases of malignant disease, it being regarded 
by him as an alexin destructive of cancer tissue. 

cancrum (kang'-krum) [cancer]. A cancer or 
rapidly spreading ulcer, c. nasi, gangrenous rhinitis 
of children, c. oris, a disease of childhood between 
the ages of one and five, characterized by the forma- 
tion of foul, deep ulcers of the buccal surfaces of the 
cheeks or lips. There is but slight pain, but the 
prostration is great, and death usually results from 
exhaustion or blood-poisoning. The disease is 
bacterial, poor hygienic surroundings and a debili- 
tated system being predisposing causes. Syn., 
canker of the mouth; gangrenous stomatitis; noma; 



gangrenous ulceration of the mouth, c. pudendi, 
ulceration of the vulva. 

candela (kan-de'-lah) [candere, to glow]. 1. A 
medicated candle for fumigation. 2. A wax bougie. 

canella (kan-el'-ah) [dim. of canna, a reed]. The 
bark of C. alba deprived of its corky layer and dried. 
It is a native of the West Indies, and is an aromatic 
tonic and bitter stomachic. Dose of the powdered 
bark 15-30 gr. (1-2 Gm.). It is official in the B. P. 

cane-sugar. See saccharose (1). 

canicaceous (kan-e-ka'-shus) [canicce, a kind of 
bran]. Furfuraceous. 

canine (ka'-ntn) [cants, a dog]. Partaking of the 
nature of, relating to, or resembling a dog or the sharp 
tearing-teeth of mammals, located between the 
incisors and the molars, c. appetite, bulimia, c. 
eminence, a prominence on the outer side of the 
maxilla, c. fossa. See fossa, canine, c. laugh, a 
sardonic smile or grin. c. madness, rabies; hydro- 
phobia, c. muscle, the levator anguli oris. c. teeth, 
the cuspid teeth next to the lateral incisors; so called 
from their resemblance to a dog's teeth. Syn., 
conoides; cuspidati; cynodontes; denies angulares; 
denies canini; denies laniarii; eye-teeth. 

caniniform (kan-in'-if-orm) [caninus, pertaining 
to the dog; forma, shape]. Applied to teeth re- 
sembling canines. 

canities (kan-ish'-e-ez) [L.]. Poliosis; hoariness; 
blanching of the hair. 

canker (kang'-ker) [cancer, a crab]. An ulceration 
of the mouth, or any ulcerous or gangrenous sore; 
cancrum oris; in farriery, a fetid abscess of the 
horse's foot. See cancrum oris, c.-rash. Synonym 
of scarlatina. 

Canna (kan'-ah) [nawa, a cane]. A genus of large- 
leaved marantaceous plants. C. indica has an acrid 
and stimulant root; it is alterative, diuretic, and 
diaphoretic. The rhizome of C. speciosa affords 
canna-starch, a substitute for arrowroot. 

cannabene (kan'-ab-en). See under cannabis. 

cannabin (kan'-ab-in). A crystalline resin from 
Indian hemp; it is hypnotic. Dose 1I-4 gr. (0.097- 
0.26 Gm.). c. tannate, a yellow, astringent powder, 
soluble in alkaline water or alcohol; it is hypnotic 
and sedative. Dose 2-10 gr. (0.13-0.6 Gm.). 

cannabindon (kan-a-bin'-don), C8H12O. A dark, 
cherry-red syrup obtained from Indian hemp; 
soluble in alcohol, ether, and oils. It is hypnotic 
and narcotic. Dose §-2 gr. (0.03-0.13 Gm.). 

cannabinine (kan-ab'-in-en) [cannabis], A volatile 
alkaloid from Indian hemp. - 

cannabinol (kan-ab'-in-ol), C18H24O2. A red oil 
obtained by fractional distillation from Indian hemp, 
and supposed to be its most active ingredient. 

cannabinon, cannabinone (kan-ab'-in-on) [canna- 
bis]. An amorphous bitter resinoid from Indian 
hemp, used as a hypnotic. Dose 1-3 gr. (0.065-0.2 
Gm.). 

Cannabis (kan'-ab-is) [L.]. Hemp. Indian hemp. 
The flowering tops of C. saliva, of which there are 
two varieties, C. indica and C. americana, the former, 
being the more potent; they contain a resin, cannabin, 
and a volatile oil, from which are obtained cannabene, 
C18H20, a light hydrocarbon, and cannabene hydride, a 
crystalline body. It is antispasmodic, narcotic, anp 
aphrodisiac. In large doses it produces mental 
exaltation, intoxication, and a sensation of double 
consciousness. It is used in migraine, in paralysis 
agitans, in spasm of the bladder, in sexual impotence, 
in whooping-cough, in asthma, and in other spas- 
modic affections. Bang, bhang, cunjah, churrus, and 
hashish are the various Indian names by which the 
drug is known. C. indica (U. S. P.), Indian cannabis. 
Dose 1 gr. (0.065 Gm.). C. indica, extract of (ex- 
tr actum cannabis indices, U. S. P.). Dose |-i gr. 
(0.01-0.065 Gm.). C. indica, fluidextract of (fluid- 
extr actum cannabis indicce, U. S. P.), an alcoholic 
preparation. Dose 1-5 min. (0.06-0.3 Cc). C. 
indica, tincture of (tinctura cannabis indicce, U. S. P.), 
contains 10 % of the drug. Dose 20 min.-i dr. 
(1.3-4.0 Cc). 

cannabism (kan'-ab-izm) [cannabis, hemp]. The 
habitual use of Cannabis indica; ill-health caused 
by the misuse of Cannabis indica. 

cannabist (kan'-ab-ist) [cannabis, hemp]. A devo- 
tee to the use of Cannabis indica. 

cannon-bone, canon-bone {kan'-on bon). One of 
the functional and complete metacarpal or meta- 
tarsal bones of a hoofed quadruped, supporting the 
weight of the body upon the feet. 



CANNULA 



187 



CAPITAL 



cannula {kan'-u-laK) [dim. of canna, a tube]. A 
tube used for withdrawing fluids from the body. It 
is generally fitted with a pointed rod for puncturing 
the integument, c, perfusion, a double cannula, 
one tube of which is used for the inflow of a fluid 
and the other tube for the outflow; it is employed in 
the irrigation of a cavity. 

cannular, cannulate {kan'-u-lar, -lat) [cannula]. 
Tubular; channeled. 

canor (ka'-nor) [L. ; pi., canores). A musical 
sound, c. stethoscopicus. See metallic tinkling. 

Canquoin's paste (kan-kwan') [Alexandre Can- 
quoin, French physician, 1823- ]. A paste of 
flour, water, and zinc chloride; it is a powerful 
escharotic. 

Cantani's diet (kan-tah'-ne) [Arnoldo Cantani, 
Italian physician, 1837-1893]. An exclusive meat- 
diet in diabetes. C.'s treatment, a method of 
treating cholera by high enemata of large quantities 
of water containing tincture of opium and tannic 
acid at a temperature of from ioo° to 104 F. 

cantering rhythm {kan' -ter-ing rithm). See bruit 
de galop. 

canthal (kan'-thal) [navdbs, a canthus]. Relating 
to a canthus. 

cantharene {kan'-thar-en), C10N12I2O3. A com- 
pound obtained from cantharidin by action of hy- 
driodic acid. 

canthariasis (kan-thar-i'-as-is) [cantharis]. A term 
proposed by Hope for the diseases that originate 
from the presence in the body of coleopterous insects 
or their larva?. 

cantharidal {kan-thar' -id-al) [cantharides]. Relat- 
ing to or containing cantharides. c. collodion 
{collodium cantharidatum, U. S. P.). See collodion, 
cantharidal. 

cantharidated {kan-thar' -id-a-ted). Containing 
cantharides. 

cantharides {kan-thar' -id-ez) [Kavdapls, a blistering 
Spanish fly]. The dried body of a species of beetle, 
C. vesicatoria (nat. ord. Coleoptera). It contains a 
powerful poisonous principle, cantharidin {q. v.). 
Locally applied, cantharidis is a rubefacient and 
vesicant; internally it is an irritant, causing pain and 
vomiting. In toxic doses it produces severe gastro- 
enteritis, strangury, and priapism. It is used as an 
external counterirritant in the form of "blisters." 
Internally it is employed as a stimulant to the geni- 
tourinary mucous membrane, especially in cystitis, 
atony of the bladder, amenorrhea, etc.; also in skin 
diseases, c. cerate {ceratum cantharidis, U. S. P.), 
cantharides, 35; rosin, 20; yellow wax 20; lard, 35 
parts; liquid petrolatum, q. s. c. liniment, can- 
tharides, is parts; oil of turpentine, q. s. ad 100. 
c. ointment {unguentum cantharidis, B. P.), can- 
tharides, yellow wax, olive-oil. c. paper {charta 
epispastica, B. P.), blistering paper, contains can- 
tharides, 1; Canada turpentine, 1; 10 olive-oil, 41 
spermaceti, 3; white wax, 8; water, 10 parts, spread 
on paper, c. plaster {emplastrum cantharidis, B. P.), 
cantharides, yellow wax, prepared suet, prepared 
lard, rosin, c, tincture of {tinctura cantharidis, 
U. S. P.), contains 10 % of the drug. Dose 3-10 
min. (0.09-0.3 Cc). c, vinegar of {acetunt can- 
tharidis, B. P.), of the strength of 1 to 8. 

cantharidic {kan-thar -id' -ik) . Relating to or 
obtained from cantharides. c. anhydride. Synonym 
of cantharidin. 

cantharidin {kan-thar' -id-in) [cantharides], C10H12O4. 
The bitter principle contained in Spanish flies and 
other insects; it crystallizes in prisms or leaflets, and 
melts at 218 . It has an extremely bitter taste, and 
produces blisters on the skin. See cantharis. 

cantharidism {kan-thar' -id-izm) [cantharides]. Can- 
tharidal poisoning, c, external, poisoning by ab- 
sorption from a cantharidal blister. 

cantharis (kan'-thar-is). See cantharides. 

canthectomy {kan-thek' -to-me) [canthus; Iktoixt], a 
cutting out]. Excision of a canthus. 

canthitis {kan-thi'-tis) [canthus; ins, inflamma- 
tion]. Inflammation of a canthus. 

cantholysis {kan-thol'-is-is) [canthus; Xwns, a 
loosening]. Canthotomy with section of the external 
canthal ligament. 

canthoplastic {kan-tho-plas'-lik) [canthus; irXatro-eiv, 
to form]. Relating to canthoplasty. 

canthoplasty {kan'-tho-plas-te) [canthus; irXaaaeiu, 
to form]. An operation for increasing the size of 
the palpebral fissure by cutting the outer canthus. 

canthorrhaphy {kan-thor' -a-fe) [canthus; pa<p7), a 



seam]. An operation to reduce the size of the 
palpebral fissure by suture of the canthus. 

canthotomy {kan-thof -o-me) [canthus; ro/xr}, a 
cutting]. Surgical division of a canthus. 

canthus {kan'-thus) [icavdos, canthus]. The angle 
formed by the junction of the eye-lids. 

cantus galli {kant'-us gal'-i) [L., "cock-crowing"]. 
Same as child-crowing. 

canula {kan'-u-laK). See cannula. 

CaOC. Abbreviation for cathodal opening con- 
traction. 

caoutchouc {koo'-tshook) [S. A.]. Rubber. The 
chief substance contained in the milky juice that 
exudes upon incision of a number of tropical trees 
belonging to the natural orders Euphorbiacece, 
Artocarpacece, and Apocynacece. The juice is a vege- 
table emulsion, the caoutchouc being suspended in it 
in the form of minute transparent globules. When 
pure, caoutchouc is nearly white, soft, elastic, and 
glutinous; it swells up in water without dissolving; 
the best solvents are carbon disulphide and chloro- 
form. It melts at about 150 C. and decomposes 
at 200 C. 

cap., abbreviation for capiat [L.], let him take. 
_ cap {kap) [AS., cappe]. 1. See tegmentum. 2. The 
tissue covering the conical end of a fymph-follicle. 
c, enamel, the concave enamel-organ covering the 
top of the growing tooth-papilla, c, nuclear, a col- 
lection of chromophilic substance on one side of the 
nucleus of a cell. 

capacity {kap-as'-it-e) [capacitas, capacity]. 1. The 
power of holding or containing; mental or physical 
ability. 2. Cubic extent, c, testamentary, a legal 
term signifying the degree of mental ability requisite 
for making a valid will, c, thermal, the amount of 
heat absorbed by a body in being raised i° C. in 
temperature, c, vital, the total amount of air that 
can be expelled by the most forcible expiration after 
the deepest inspiration. 

capiat {ka'-pe-at) [L., "let it take"]. An instru- 
ment intended for use in removing remnants of the 
placenta, polypi, or the like, from the uterine 
cavity. 

capillaire {kap-il-dr') [Fr.]. The plant Adiantum 
capillus veneris, a species of maiden-hair fern; also a 
cough-syrup prepared from the same. See adiantum. 

capillaraneurysm {kap-il-ar-an' -u-rizm) [capillus; 
avevpvana, a widening]. Excessive capillarectasia. 

capillarectasia {kap-il-ar-ek-ta'-ze-ah) [capillus; «- 
TCLtns, a stretching-out]. Dilation of the capillaries. 

capillarimeter {cap-il-ar-im! -et-ur) [capillus, a hair; 
fikrpov, a measure]. A device for estimating the 
diameter of capillary tubes. 

capillaritis {kap-il-ar-i'-tis). Inflammation of the 
capillaries. 

capillarity {kap-il-ar' -it-e) [capillary]. 1. Capillary 
attraction; the force that causes fluids to rise in fine 
tubes or bores. 2. The condition cf being capillary. 

capillary {kap'-il-a-re) [capillus]. 1. Hair-like; 
relating to a hair, to a hair-like filament, or to a tube 
with a hair-like bore. 2. A minute blood-vessel 
connecting the smallest ramifications of the arteries 
with those of the veins, c. attraction. See capil- 
larity, c. bronchitis. See bronchitis, capillary. 
c. drainage. See drainage, c. fissure, c. fracture, a 
linear fracture, without displacement, capillaries, 
Meigs', the branching capillaries discovered by A. V. 
Meigs between the muscular fibers of the human 
heart, c. nevus. See nevus (2). c. pulse, pulsation 
of the capillaries sometimes seen in aortic regurgita- 
tion, c. vessels, the capillaries. 

capilliculture {kap-il ' -e-kul-chur) [capillus, hair; 
cultura, culture]. Systematic treatment for the 
improvement or restoration of the hair. 

capillitium {kap-il-ish' -e-um) [L.]. The hair of 
the head, or the portion of the scalp thus covered. 

capillose {kap'-il-os) [capillosus]. Hairy. 

capillurgy {kap'-il-ur-je) [capillus, a hair; epyov, 
work]. The art of destroying superfluous hair. 

capillus {kap-il'-us) [L.; pi., capilli]. 1. A hair; 
specifically a hair of the head. 2. A hair-like fila- 
ment. 3. A hair's breadth (1-10 to 1-12 of a line). 

capistration {kap-is-tra' -shun) [capistrum, a halter]. 
See phimosis; also trismus. 

capistrum {kap-is'-trum) [L., "a muzzle or halter"; 
pi., capistra]. 1. A bandage for the head or lower 
jaw. Syn., capelina. 2. Trismus. 

capital {kap'-it-al) [caput]. 1. Pertaining to the 
head, or to the summit of a body or object. 2. Of 
great importance, as a capital operation in surgery. 



CAPITALIS REFLEXA 



188 



CAPSULE 



capitalis reflexa (kap-it-a'-lis re-fieks'-ah). A re- 
current bandage for a stump. 

capitate (kap'-it-dt) [caput, head]. In biology, 
having a head or a head-like termination. 

capitatum {kap-it-a'-tum). The large bone of the 
carpus, the os magnum. 

capitellum (kap-it-el'-um) [dim. of caput], i. A 
small head or rounded process of bone. 2. The 
rounded, external surface of the lower end of the 
humerus. 3- The bulb of a hair. 

capitiluvium (kap-it-el-u'-ve-um) [caput, head; 
luere, to wash]. A washing or bathing of the head; 
a wash for the head. 

capitium (kap-ish'-e-um) [L.]. A bandage for the 
head; it may be triangular or four-cornered, c. 
magnum, c. quadrangulare, c. quadratum, a four- 
cornered head bandage, c, minus, c. triangulare, a 
three-cornered head bandage. 

capitones (kap'-it-on-ez) [L.]. Fetuses with heads 
too large for unassisted delivery. 

capitopedal (kap-it-o-ped'-al) [caput, a head; pes, 
foot]. In biology, pertaining to or near the junction 
of the head and foot. 

capitular (kap-it'-u-lar) [caput, head]. Pertaining 
to a capitulum or head. c. process of a vertebra, 
one with which the head of a rib articulates. 

capitulum (kap-it'-u-lum) [L., "a small head"]. 
A little head. c. of Santorini, a small elevation on 
the apex of the arytenoid cartilage, corresponding in 
position to the posterior extremity of the vocal band. 

capnomor (kap'-no-mor) [icairt>6s, smoke; nolpa, a 
part], C20H22O2. A transparent, colorless, oily fluid, 
a constituent of smoke obtained from the heavy oil 
of tar. It dissolves caoutchouc. 

cappa (kap'-ah). The ectocinereal lamina of the 
mesencephal. 

Capparis (kap'-ar-is) [L., "the caper-bush"]. A 
genus of shrubs including the caper-bush, C. spinosa. 
Its flower-buds (capers) are pickled or made into 
sauce. The bark of the root and the flowers are 
official remedies in some countries. It is diuretic, 
cathartic, depurative, stimulant. C. aphylla, a 
shrub of India, is esteemed in the treatment of boils 
and affections of the joints. C. coriacea is a native of 
Peru; the fruit is antiepileptic and antihysteric. The 
root-bark of C. jamaicensis, of South America, is 
rubefacient, the root diuretic, the leaves and flowers 
antispasmodic. 

capped hock (kapd' hok). In farriery, the develop- 
ment of a bruise at the point of the hock of a horse, 
with the formation of a hygroma, the result of rubbing 
or striking that part against the partition of the 
stall, c.-knee, a dropsical collection in the bursa in 
front of the knee-joint of the horse. 

Capranica's reaction for bile-pigments. Add to 
the solution chloroform containing some bromine, and 
shake; it becomes first green, blue-violet, yellowish 
red, and finally colorless. If the green or blue solu- 
tion is shaken with HC1, the color is destroyed by 
the acid. C.'s reaction for guanin. 1. A warm 
solution of guanin hydrochloride with a cold saturated 
solution of picric acid gives a yellow precipitate oc- 
curring as silky needles. 2. Add to a guanin solution 
a concentrated solution of potassium f erricyanide ; a 
yellowish-brown prismatic precipitate is formed. 
3. On the addition of a concentrated solution of 
potassium chromate to guanin solutions an orange- 
red crystalline precipitate is formed. It is very 
insoluble in water. 

caprate (kap'-rdt). A salt of capric acid. 

caprenalin (kap-ren'-al-in). Trade name of a 
preparation from suprarenal capsules; used as a 
vasoconstrictor, hemostatic, and cardiac stimulant. 

capreolar (kap-re'-o-lar) , capreolary (kap'-re-o-la- 
re), capreolate (kap'-re-o-lat) [capreolus, a tendril]. 
In biology, climbing, furnished with tendrils; in 
anatomy resembling tendrils, as the spermatic vessels, 
vasa capreolaria. c. vessels, the spermatic vessels, 
from their twined and twisted appearance. 

capric (kap'-rik) [caper, a goat]. Relating or 
belonging to, or having the odor of, a goat. c. acid. 
See acid, capric. 

capriloquium (kap-ril-o'-kwe-um) [caper, a goat; 
loqui, to speak]. Same as egophony. 

caprin (kap'-rin]) [see capric]. An oily and flavor- 
ing constituent of butter; glycerol caprate. 

caprinate (kap'-rin-dl). See caprate. 

caprinic (kap-rin'-ik). See caprice 

caprizant (kap'-ri-zant) [see capric]. Leaping; of 
irregular motion, applied to the pulse. 



caproate (kap'-ro-at). A salt of normal caproic 
acid. 

caproic (kap-ro'-ik). See capric. c. acid. See 
acid, caproic. c. anhydride, C12H22O3, a neutral oily 
liquid. 

caproin (kap'-ro-in). A fat, resembling caprin, 
found in goat's butter. 

caprone (kap'-ron) [see capric], C11H22O. Caproic 
ketone; a clear, volatile oil found in butter, and 
forming the larger part of the oil of rue. 

caproyl (kap'-ro-il). 1. CeHuO. A hypothetical 
radical. Syn., hexoyl. 2. CeHw, a radical. Syn., 
hexyl. 

caproylamine (kap-ro-il'-am-in) [caproyl; amine], 
C6H15N. Hexylamine. A ptomaine formed in the 
putrefaction of yeast. 

caprylate (kap'-ril-at). A salt of caprylic acid. 

caprylic acid (kap-ril'-ik). See acid, caprylic. 

capsaicin (kap-sa'-is-in). See capsicin. 

capsella (kap-sel'-ah) [dim. of capsa, a box]. The 
leaves and stems of C. bursa pastoris, common in 
temperate climates. C. bursa pastoris, shepherd's 
purse; the leaves are hemostatic and antiscorbutic. 

capsicin (kap'-sis-in). 1. C9H14O2. The active 
principle of Cayenne pepper, found in the pericarp 
and placenta of Capsicum fastigiatum, and soluble 
in alcohol, ether, benzene, and fixed oils. It is a 
thick, yellowish-red substance, and its vapors are 
intensely acrid. Dose ^-| gr. (0.006-0.016 Gm.). 
2. An oleoresin from capsicum, occurring as an oily 
liquid devoid of pungency. 

capsicol (kap'-sik-ol) [capsicum; oleum, oil]. A 
red oil obtainable from the oleoresin of capsicum. 

capsicum (kap'-sik-um) [capsa, a box]. Cayenne 
pepper. The fruit of C. fastigiatum, native to 
tropical Africa and America. Its odor and hot taste 
are due to a volatile oil, capsicin, C9H14O2, which is 
irritant to the skin and mucous membranes. In- 
ternally it is a stomachic, tome, diuretic, and aphro- 
disiac. It is useful in atonic dyspepsia, flatulent 
colic, and intermittent fever. C. annuum is the 
common red pepper of the garden, c, fluidextract 
of (fluidextr actum capsici, U. S. P.). Dose 5 min.- 
1 dr. (0.3-4.0 Cc). c. liniment, 1 in 10, for chest 
affections, rheumatism, etc. c, oleoresin of (oleo- 
resina capsici, U.. S. P.). Dose § gr. (0.03 Gm.). 
c. plaster (emplastrum capsici, U. S. P.), prepared 
from the oleoresin and adhesive plaster, c, tincture 
of (tinctura capsici, U. S. P.), contains 10 % of cap- 
sicum. Dose 5-30 min. (0.3-2.0 Cc). 

capsitis (kap-si'-tis). Same as capsulitis. 

capsotomy (kap-sot'-o-me). See capsulotomy. 

capsula (kap'-su-lah) [L., "a small box"]. 1. The 
internal capsule of the brain; it is the thick layer of 
fibers between the caudatum and thalamus mesad 
and the lenticula laterad; it is continuous with the 
crura caudad, and its expansion is called the corona. 
2. See capsule, c. articularis, capsular ligament. 
c. glomeruli. See Bowman's capsule. 

capsular (kap' -su-lar) [capsule]. Pertaining to a 
capsule, c. artery, the middle suprarenal artery, 
see arteries, table of. c. cataract, an opacity of the 
capsule of the ciystalline lens. c. hemiplegia, a 
hemiplegia due to a lesion in the internal capsule. 
c. ligament, the sac or membranous bag that sur- 
rounds every movable joint or articulation. It con- 
tains the synovial fluid, c. vein, the suprarenal 
vein, see vein. 

capsulation (kap-su-la' -shun) [capsule]. The act 
or process of inclosing in capsules. 

capsule (kap'-sul) [dim. of capsa, a chest]. 1. A 
membranous sac inclosing a part. 2. An envelope 
surrounding certain organisms. 3. A soluble shell 
for administering medicines, c, atrabiliary. Same 
as c, suprarenal, c, acoustic. See c, auditory. 
c, adipose. See c. of the kidney, c, aqueous, 
c. of the aqueous humor, Descemet's membrane. 
c, articular. See capsular ligament, c, auditory, 
the primitive auditory organ, formed by the invagi- 
nation of the nervous stratum of the epiblast. See 
also vesicle, auditory, c, Bonnet's. See Bonnet's 
capsule, c, Bowman's. See Bowman's capsule. 
c, Bowman-Mueller's. See Bowman's capsule, c, 
brain. See capsula (1). c, cartilage, c. of a carti- 
lage-cell, the lining of cartilage-cavities containing 
the cartilage-cells, c, crystalline. See c. of the 
lens, c, external, a layer of white nerve-fibers 
forming part of the external boundary of the lenticular 
nucleus, c, fibrous. See ligament, capsular, c. of 
Glisson. See Glisson's capsule, c.s, glutoid, gelatin 



CAPSULITIS 



189 



CARBOHYDRATURIA 



capsules treated with formaldehyde, c, hemor- 
rhoidal, a metal, capsule-shaped device for applying 
Vienna paste to a hemorrhoid, c, hyaloid. See 
membrana limitans. c.» internal, a layer of nerve- 
fibers on the outer side of the optic thalamus and 
caudate nucleus, which it separates from the lenticular 
nucleus, and containing the continuation upward of 
the crus cerebri, c. of the kidney, the fat-containing 
connective tissue encircling the kidney, c. of the 
lens, a transparent, structureless membrane inclosing 
the lens of the eye. c, Malpighian, the commence- 
ment of the uriniferous tubules. See Bowman's 
capsule, c. Mueller's. See Bowman's capsule, c, 
nasal, the embryonic cartilage which becomes the 
nose. c. of a nerve-cell, that portion of the neuri- 
lemma which covers a ganglion-cell, c, optic, the 
embryonic structure forming the sclera, c, periotic, 
the structure surrounding the internal ear. c, 
renal. See c. f suprarenal, c.s, seminal, expansions 
of the vasa deferentia near the seminal vesicles; 
applied by some authorities to the seminal vesicles. 
Syn., capsular es seminales. c.s, sense, the carti- 
laginous or bony cavities containing the organs of 
sense, c, suprarenal, the ductless, glandular body 
at the apex of each kidney, c, suprarenal accessory, 
an additional capsule attaining the size of a pea and 
sometimes attached to the suprarenal capsule by 
connective tissue, c, synovial. See membrane, 
synovial.^ c. of Tenon, the tunica vaginalis of the eye. 

capsulitis (kap-su-li'-tis) [capsule; im, inflamma- 
tion]. Inflammation of the capsule of the lens or of 
the fibrous capsule of the eyeball. 

capsulociliary (kap-su-lo-sil'-e-a-re) [capsule; tilium, 
an eyelid]. Relating to the capsule of the lens and 
to the ciliary organ. 

capsulolenticular Qzap-su-lo-len-tik'-u-lar) [capsule; 
lenticula, a lentil]. Relating to the lens and to its 
capsule. 

capsulopupillary {kap-su-lo-pu' -pil-a-re) [capsule; 
pupilla, the pupil of the eye]. Relating to the 
capsule of the lens and to the pupil. 

capsulorrhaphy {kap-su-lor'-af-e) [capsule; pa^v, 
a suture]. Suture of a capsule, to repair a rent or 
to prevent dislocation. 

capsulotome (kap'-su-lo-tom). i. See cystotome. 
2. An instrument used by Buller in capsulotomy to 
steady the capsule; it consists of two fine needles 
fixed parallel to each other in a handle. 

capsulotomy (kap-su-lot'-o-me) [capsule; renveiv, 
to cut]. The operation of rupturing the capsule of 
the crystalline lens in cataract-operations. 

captation (kap-ta'-shuri) [captare, to desire]. The 
first or opening stage of the hypnotic trance. 

captol (kap'-tol). A product of the condensation 
of tannin and chloral; it is used in i to 2 % solution 
as an antiseborrheal agent and lotion for the hair. 
Syn., tannochloral. 

Capuron's cardinal points. Four fixed points of 
the pelvic inlet, the two iliopectineal eminences 
anteriorly, and the two sacroiliac joints posteriorly. 

caput (kap'-ut) [L.; pi., capita]. The head; also 
the chief part or beginning of an organ, c. breve, 
the transversus pedis muscle, c. caecum coli, the 
cecum, c. caudati, the base of the corpus striatum. 
c. coli, the head of the colon; the cecum, c. cordis, 
the base of the heart, c. cornu posterioris. Same 
as c. gelatinosum. c. epididymidis, head of the 
epididymis, the globus major, c. galeatum, a child's 
head emerging at birth covered with the caul. c. 
gallinaginis. See verumontanum. c. gelatinosum, the 
name given to the translucent gray matter covering 
the dorsomesal periphery of the dorsal horn of the 
spinal cord. It is a peculiar, striated substance com- 
posed of numerous closely crowded cellular elements, 
in part connective-tissue cells, in part nerve-cells. 
c. humerale, the humeral head. c. medullas, c. 
medullas oblongata?, Bartholin's name for the cere- 
brum as distinguished from the oblongata, capita 
medullas oblongata;, the thalami. c. Medusae, the 
peculiar plexus of veins surrounding the umbilicus 
in periportal cirrhosis of the liver. It represents 
collateral paths for the return of the venous blood 
from the abdominal viscera, c. obstipum. Syno- 
nym of wry-neck. c. penis, the glans penis. c. 
quadratum, the rectangular head of rickets, flattened 
upon the top and at the sides, with projecting occiput 
and prominent frontal bosses, c. succedaneum, a 
tumor composed of a serosanguineous infiltration of 
the connective tissue situated upon the presenting 
part of the fetus, c. tali, the head of the astragalus. 



c. testis, the epididymis, c. transversum. The 

same as c. breve. 

caputin (kap'-u-tin) . A proprietary preparation 
containing acetanilide. 

caraate (kah-rah-aht'-a). Mai de los pintos. 

carageen, caragheen. See carrageen. 

caramel (kar'-am-el) [Fr., "burnt sugar"]. Cane- 
sugar deprived of two molecules of water. It is a 
viscid, brown-colored liquid. 

Carapa (kar'-ap-ah) [caraipi, the Guiana name]. 
A genus of tropical meliaceous trees. C. guianensis 
has an antispasmodic and febrifuge bark, and its seeds 
afford carap-oil, a protective against insects and 
vermin. C. moluccensis is an East Indian tree; the 
bitter bark is used in diarrhea and the seeds in colic. 
The fruit and bark of C. procera, of the tropics of 
Asia and Africa, are antiperiodic; the oil from the 
seeds is anthelmintic and expectorant. 

carapine (kar'-ap-en). An alkaloid from the bark 
of Carapa guianensis. 

caraway (kar'-ah-wa). See carum. 

carbamate (kar'-bam-at). A salt of carbamic acid. 

carbamic (kar-bam'-ik). Obtained from carba- 
mide, c. acid. See acid, carbamic. 

carbamide (kar'-bam-id) [carbo, a coal; amide], 
CH4N2O. Urea. 

carbamin (kar-bam'-in). See acetonitril. 

carbasus (kar'-bas-us) [Kapffaaa, fine flax]. Gauze; 
thin muslin used in surgery, c. carbolata (N. F.) f 
carbolized gauze, c. iodoformata (N. F.), iodoform 
gauze. 

carbazotate (kar-baz-o'-tat) [carbo, a coal; azotum, 
nitrogen]. Same as pier ate. 
. carbazotic acid (kar-baz-ot'-ik). See acid, picric. 

carbenzyme (kar'-ben-zim). Trade name of a 
preparation containing trypsin and charcoal, used 
in the treatment of tuberculous fistulas and other 
tuberculous lesions; it is said to digest dead and 
disintegrating tissues. 

carbide (kar'-bid). A compound formed by the 
direct union of carbon with some radical or element. 

carbimids (kar'-bim-idz). Bodies isomeric with 
cyanates, but distinguished from true cyanates in 
that alkalies decompose them into carbon dioxide 
and amine. Syn., carbonylamines. 

carbinol (kar'-bin-ol) [carbo]. Methyl-alcohol, 
CH3OH. Also a generic term for the alcohols 
formed by substituting hydrocarbon radicals for 
the hydrogen in the methyl radical of carbinol. 

carbo (kar'-bo) [L.]. A coal; charcoal, c. ani- 
malis (U. S. P.), animal charcoal; bone-black; it is 
used in pharmacy and in manufacturing chemistry 
largely as a decolorizing agent and as a filter, c. 
animalis purificatus (U. S. P.), purified animal 
charcoal. Dose 20 gr.-i dr. (1.3-4.0 Gm.). c. ligni 
(U. S. P.), wood-charcoal; an absorbent, disinfectant, 
and deodorizer, used in poulticing wounds and 
dressing ulcers. It is used internally in gastroin- 
testinal irritation. 

carbocyclic compounds (kar'-bo-si-klik) . Organic 
compounds of the closed chain series in which the 
rings consist of carbon atoms exclusively. 

carboformal (kar-bo-form'-al). A combination of 
carbon and paraformaldehyde in the form of blocks 
(Gliih blocks) for purposes of disinfection, the for- 
maldehyde being liberated by the burning of the 
carbon. 

carbohemia (kar-bo-he'-me-ah) [carbo; alfia, blood]. 
Imperfect oxidation of the blood. 

carbohydrate (kar-bo-hi'-drat) [carbo; vdup, water]. 
An organic substance belonging to the class of com- 
pounds represented by the sugars, starches and 
celluloses; and containing carbon, hydrogen and 
oxygen. The carbohydrates form a large class 
of organic compounds, and may be arranged into 
three groups: the glucoses (monoses); the disac- 
charids, or sugars; and the polysaccharids. The 
glucoses are the aldehyde derivatives or ketone 
derivatives of the hexahydric alcohols, into which 
they may be converted by the absorption of two 
hydrogen atoms. They are mostly crystalline sub- 
stances, very soluble in water, but dissolving with 
difficulty in alcohol. They possess a sweet taste. 
The disaccharids and polysaccharids are ethereal 
anhydrides of the glucoses. They may all be con- 
verted into the glucoses by hydrolytic decomposi- 
tion. The disaccharids are ether-like anhydrides of 
the hexoses. 

carbohydraturia (kar-bo-hi-drat-u' '-re-ah) [carbo- 
hydrate; ovpov, urine]. The presence of an ab- 



CARBOLATE 



190 



CARCINOMA 



normally large proportion of carbohydrates in the 
urine. 

carbolate (kar'-bol-at). i. A salt of phenol. 2. To 
impregnate with phenol. 

carbolfuchsin (kar-bol-fook'-sin) [carbo; fuchsin]. 
A staining fluid consisting of 90 parts of a 5 % 
aqueous solution of phenol and 1 part of fuchsin 
dissolved in 10 parts of alcohol. 

carbolic (kar-bol'-ik) [carbo; oleum, oil]. Con- 
taining or derived from coal-tar oil. c. acid. See 
acid, carbolic, and phenol. 

carbolism (kar'-bol-izm) [see carbolic]. Phenol 
poisoning; a diseased state induced by the misuse or 
maladministration of phenol, c, cutaneous, dry 
gangrene due to the action of liquid phenol or to 
prolonged application of a solution of it upon the 
skin. 

carbolize (kar'-bol-lz) [see carbolic]. To impreg- 
nate with carbolic acid. To render aseptic or anti- 
septic by the use of carbolic acid. 

carbolmarasmus (kar-bol-mar-az'-mus) [carbolic; 
ixapaanb<s, decay]. Chronic carbolism: a condition 
marked by vomiting, vertigo, headache, salivation, 
nephritis, and general marasmus. 

carboluria (kar-bol-u'-re-ah) [carbo, a coal; oleum, 
oil; ovpov, urine]. The presence of carbolic acid in 
the urine, producing a dark discoloration. It is one 
of the signs of carbolic-acid poisoning. 

carbolxylene (kar-bol-zi'-len). A clearing mixture 
composed of phenol, 1 part, and xylene, 3 parts; 
used for clearing microscopic sections which are to be 
mounted in Canada balsam or other resinous medium. 

carbometer. See carbonometer. 

carbon (kar'-bon) [carbo]. Charcoal. C=i2; 
quantivalence II, IV. A nonmetallic element oc- 
curring in the various forms of diamond, graphite or 
"black lead," charcoal, and lamp-black. It is the 
central or characteristic element of organic com- 
pounds, c. dioxide, the acid, gaseous product, 
having the composition of CO2, commonly known 
as "carbonic-acid gas" or carbonic acid. It is a color- 
less gas, having a sp. gr. of 1.52, soluble in cold water, 
and possessing a pungent smell and an acid taste. 
Inhaled, it destroys animal life by asphyxiation. 
c. dioxide snow, frozen CO2 used in the treatment of 
certain skin affections, c. disulphide (carbonei 
disulphidum, U. S. P.), carbon bisulphide, CS2, a 
colorless, transparent liquid, of offensive odor, highly 
inflammable, very poisonous. It is used as a solvent 
for caoutchouc and as a reagent, c. monoxide, CO, 
carbonic oxide, a colorless, tasteless, and inodorous 
gas, one of the products of imperfect combustion. It 
is actively poisonous, c. nitride, CN, cyanogen. 
c. oxysulphide, a body, COS, formed by conducting 
sulphur-vapor and carbon monoxide through red- 
hot tubes; it is a colorless gas, with a faint and 
peculiar odor. It unites readily with air, forming 
an explosive mixture, and is soluble in an equal 
volume of water. It is present in the waters of 
some mineral springs, c. tetrachloride, CCU, anes- 
thetic, used in asthma by inhalation. 

carbonate [carbon]. A salt of carbonic acid. 
c, acid, a substitution-compound of carbonic acid 
in which there is replacement of but one of its hy- 
drogen atoms with a base, c, basic, a compound of 
a carbonate with the oxide of the same base, c, 
hydric. See c, acid, c, hydrogen. 1. Carbonic 
acid. 2. Acid carbonate, c, neutral, c, normal, 
a substitution-compound of carbonic acid in which a 
base replaces all its hydrogen. 

carbonated (kar'-bo-na-ted). 1. Containing car- 
bonic acid or carbon dioxide. 2. Changed into a 
carbonate. 

carbone (kar'-bon). A carbuncle. 

carbonemia (kar-bon-e'-me-ah) [carbo; alua, blood]. 
An accumulation of carbon dioxide in the blood. 

carboneum (kar-bon'-e-um). Carbon. 

carbonic (kar-bon'-ik). Relating to, obtained from, 
or containing carbon, c. acid. See carbon dioxide. 
c. anhydride, carbon dioxide, c. snow, carbon 
dioxide in crystal form. 

carbonide (kar'-bon-id). 1. See carbide. 2. A 
mineral which contains carbon. 3. An oxalate freed 
from its hydrogen by heat. 

carbonite (kar'-bon-it). An oxalate. 

carbonization {kar -bon-iz-a' -shun) [carbon]. The 
process of decomposing organic substances by heat 
without air, until the volatile products are driven off 
and the carbon remains. 

carbonometer (kar-bon-om'-et-er) [carbon; n'erpov, 



a measure]. An apparatus for indicating the degree 
to which the air of a room is vitiated by carbon 
dioxide. 

carbonometry (kar-bon-om'-et-re). The determi- 
nation of the amount of carbon dioxide present in 
air, by the aid of the carbonometer. 

carbonous (kar'-bon-us). Containing carbon. 
carbonyl (kar'-bon-il) [carbon]. A. hypothetic 
organic radical having the formula CO. 

carbonylamines (kar-bon-il'-am-ens). See car- 
bimides. 

carborundum (kar-bo-run'-dum). Silicon carbide, 
SiC, a substance of extreme hardness. 

carbosapol {kar-bo-sa' -pol) [carbo; sapo, soap]. 
A clear disinfectant solution obtained by warming 
together phenol, so parts; yellow soda-soap, 25 parts; 
and soft potash-soap, 25 parts. 

carbostyril (kar -bo-stir '-il) [carbo, charcoal; styrax, 
storax], C9H7NO. Oxyquinoline; a compound pre- 
pare^ by digesting quinoline with a bleaching-lime 
solution. 

carbosulphide, carbosulphuret (kar-bo-sul'-fid, -fur- 
et) . A compound of carbon and sulphur with a radical, 
carbothialdin (kar-bo-thi-aV -din) , C4H10N2S2. White 
crystals obtained on evaporating carbon sulphide 
with an alcoholic solution of aldehyde ammonia. It 
is soluble in acids. 

carbovinate (kar-bo-vin'-at). An ethyl carbonate. 
carboxyhemoglobin (kar-boks-e-hem-o-glo'-bin) [car- 
boxyl; hemoglobin]. The compound of carbon mon- 
oxide and hemoglobin formed when CO is present in 
the blood. The carbon monoxide displaces the 
oxygen and checks the respiratory function of the 
red corpuscles. 

carboxyl (kar-boks'-il) [carbo; 61-vs, sharp]. 1. The 
group, CO . OH, characteristic of the organic acids. 
The hydrogen of this can be replaced by metals, 
forming salts. 2. Same as carbonyl. 

carboy (kar'-boi) [Turk., karaboya]. A large bottle 
protected by wickerwork and a wooden box, used in 
the transportation of corrosive and other liquids. 

carbuncle, carbunculus (kar'-bung-kl, kar-bung'- 
ku-lus) [carbo], A hard, circumscribed, deep-seated, 
painful suppurative inflammation of the subcutaneous 
tissue. It differs from a boil in being of greater size, 
having a flat top, and several points of suppuration. 
It is erroneously called anthrax. 

carbunculosis (kar-bung-ku-lo' -sis) . A condition 
characterized by the formation of carbuncles. 
carburet (kar'-bu-ret). Carbide. 
Carcassonne's ligament. See Colles' fascia. 
carceag. A disease of sheep described by Babes 
in Rumania; it is probably a form of trypanosomiasis. 
carcinelcosis (kar-sin-el-ko'-sis) [carcinoma; ZKkoxtis, 
ulceration]. A cancerous ulcer, c. fungosa. See 
cancer verrucosus. 

carcinolytic (kar-sin-o-lit'-ik) [carcinoma; Xiktis, 
solution]. Said of a substance which is destructive 
to cancer cells. 

carcinoma (kar-sin-o'-mah) [/cap/aVai/m; xapxtVos, 
a crab; 6y.a, tumor]. Cancer. A malignant epi- 
thelial tumor composed of a connective-tissue stroma 
surrounding groups or nests of epithelial cells. Three 
varieties are generally described — the squamous, the 
cylindrical, and the glandular. See Boas' sign; de 
Morgan's spots; Semon's symptom; Spiegelberg's^ sign. 
c, acinous. See cancer, acinous, c, adenoid, c. 
adenodes, c. adenoides. See cancer, adenoid, c. 
asbolicum. See c, chimney-sweep's, c, chimney- 
sweep's, epithelioma of the scrotum, occurring among 
chimney-sweepers, and supposed to be caused by the 
irritant action of soot. Syn., soot cancer, c, colloid, 
one in which the delicate connective-tissue stroma is 
filled with colloid matter, the result of a colloid 
degeneration of the epithelial cells. In some cases 
the degeneration is mucoid instead of colloid. It 
affects chiefly the alimentary canal, uterus, etc. 
c, cylindrical, one in which the cells tend to assume 
a cylindrical or columnar shape. This shape is best 
seen in the cells nearest the periphery of the nests. 
c. durum, a hard cancer, c, encephaloid, one of rapid 
growth, with a small amount of stroma, large alveoli, 
and greater amount of cells and blood-vessels, c.,, 
fibromedullary, one containing about an equal portion 
of cells and stroma, c. fibrosum, c, fibrous. See 
c, scirrhous, c, glandular, a carcinoma in which 
the cells are of the glandular or secreting type. c.,. 
hyaline. See c, colloid, c, lenticular, a form of 
scirrhous cancer, c. melanodes, a pigmented cancer. 
c. molle, a soft or a medullary cancer, c. nigrum.. 



CARCINOMATOID 



191 



CARDIOCELE 



See melanocarcinoma. c. psammosum, one in which 
stratified calcareous concretions differing from those 
found in psammomata have replaced the epithelial 
elements, c, reticulated, one which has undergone 
fatty metamorphosis and exhibits its stroma more 
distinctly, c. sarcomatodes, c, sarcomatous, an 
adenocarcinoma which has undergone sarcomatous 
degeneration of the connective tissue, c, scirrhous, 
a form which occurs most commonly in the breast; 
it has a stout, fibrillated stroma, closely packed with 
large nucleated cells. Syn., hard carcinoma, c. 
scroti, c. scroti asbolicum. See c, chimney-sweep's. 
c, squamous, one derived from squamous epithelium; 
the cells are cuboid in shape, c. ventriculi, cancer 
of the stomach, c, villous. See papilloma. 

carcinomatoid (kar-sin-o' -mat-oid) [carcinoma; 
etdos, appearance]. Resembling a carcinoma. 

carcinomatosis (kar-sin-o-mat-o'-sis). The patho- 
logical condition giving rise to carcinomata. 

carcinomatous (kar-sin-o' -mat-us) [carcinoma]. 
Relating to or affected with carcinoma. 

carcinomelcosis (kar-sin-om-el-ko'-sis). See car- 
cinelcosis. 

carcinopolypus (kar-sin-o-poV -e-pus) . A cancerous 
polyp. 

carcinosarcoma (kar-sin-o-sar-ko'-mah) [carcinoma; 
sarcoma]. A mixed tumor having the characters of 
carcinoma and sarcoma ; it usually affects the thyroid 
gland. 

carcinosis (kar-sin-o' -sis) [carcinoma], i. A car- 
cinomatous cachexia; a tendency to the development 
of malignant disease. 2. A form of carcinoma, usu- 
ally fatal, beginning generally in the uterus or the 
stomach and spreading to the peritoneum, c, 
acute, rapidly fatal carcinosis, c, miliary, one in 
which there are many secondary nodules the size of 
miliary tubercles, c, mili ary, acute, the rapid 
formation of minute cancerous nodules, either 
primary or secondary, within an internal organ or 
upon its surface. 

carcinous (kar'-sin-us) . Cancerous. 

carcinus (kar'-sin-us) [«ap/«Vos, crab]. Same as 
cancer, or carcinoma. 

cardamom, cardamomum (kar'-dam-om, kar-dam- 
o'-mum) [L.]. The fruit of Elettaria cardamomum, 
cultivated in Malabar. Its properties are due to a 
volatile oil, C10H16. It is an aromatic, carminative 
stomachic, used as an ingredient of several "bitters." 
When combined with purgatives it is useful to 
prevent griping, c, infusion of. Dose 2 oz. (64 
Cc). c, tincture of (tinctura cardamomi, U. S. P.), 
20 % strength. Dose §-2 dr. (2-8 Cc). c, tinc- 
ture of, compound (tinctura cardamomi composita, 
U. S. P.), cardamom, 20; cinnamon, 20; caraway, 10; 
cochineal, 5; glycerol, 60; dilute alcohol, q. s. ad 
1000 parts. Dose |-2 dr. (2-8 Cc). 

Cardarelli's symptom [Antonio Cardarelli, Italian 
physician, 19th century]. See Oliver's symptom. 

Carden's amputation (kar'-den) [Henry Douglas 
Carden, English surgeon, -1872]. Amputation 

through the condyles of the femur just above the 
articular surface; a single rounded flap is removed 
from the front of the joint, and the operation is 
completed by a circular incision. 

cardia (kar'-de-ah). 1. The heart. 2. The eso- 
phageal orifice of the stomach. 3. The fundus of 
the stomach. 

cardiac (kar'-de-ak) [cardia]. 1. Pertaining to the 
heart. 2. Pertaining to the cardia of the stomach. 
3. A drug acting especially on the heart, c. cycle, 
the period included between the beginning of one 
heart-beat and the beginning of another, c. dropsy, 
a dropsical effusion due to heart disease with loss of 
compensation, c. ganglia, ganglia lying in the 
grooves and substance of the heart — the principal 
ones are Remak's and Bidder's, the first on the 
surface of the sinus venosus, and the latter (2) at 
the auriculoventricular groove, c. impulse, the 
elevation caused by the movement of the heart, 
usually seen in the fifth left intercostal space, c. 
murmur. See murmur, cardiac, c. orifice (of the 
stomach), the esophageal orifice, c. passion. See 
cardialgia. c. plexus. See plexus, cardiac, c. 
rhythm, the term given to the normal regularity in 
the force and volume of the individual heart-beats. 

cardiactia (kar-de-ak'-le-ah) [KapSla, heart; arctus, 
bound]. Cardiac stenosis. 

cardiagra (kar-de-a'-grah) [KapSla, heart; ay pa 
seizure]. 1. Gouty attack of the heart. 2. Angina 
pectoris. 



cardiagraphy (kar-de-ag'-raf-e). See cardiography 
(2). 

cardialgia (kar-de-aV -je-ah) [cardia; SXyos, pain]. 
Pain in the region of the heart, usually due to gaseous 
distention of the stomach; heartburn. Syn., morbus 
cardiacus; morsus stomachi; morsus ventriculi. c. 
icterica, heartburn with jaundice, c. inflammatoria, 
gastritis, c. sputatoria, pyrosis. 

cardiameter (kar-de-am'-et-er) [cardia, p.krpov, 
measure]. An apparatus for determining the posi- 
tion of the cardiac orifice of the stomach. 

cardiamorphia (kar-de-am-or'-fe-ah) [KapSla, heart; 
a, priv.; pop<pij, form]. Deformity or malformation 
of the heart. 

cardianastrophe (kar-de-an-as'-tro-fe) [KapSla, heart 
avaarpoipri, a turning back]. Congenital displace- 
ment of the heart to the right side of the chest. 

cardianesthesia (kar-de-a?i-es-the'-ze-ah) [cardia; 
avawjQr)<jLa, want of feeling]. A condition of the 
heart marked by lack of sensation. 

cardianeuria (kar-de-ah-nu'-re-ah) [KapSla, heart; 
a, priv.; vevpov, a nerve]. Lack of nerve-stimulus to 
the heart. 

cardianeurysma (kar-de-an-u-riz'-mah) [cardia; 
i.vevpvap.a, a widening]. Aneurysm of the heart. 

cardiant (kar '-de-ant) [cardia]. 1. Affecting the 
heart. 2. A remedy that affects the heart. 

cardiaortic (kar-de-ah-or'-tik). Relating to the 
heart and the aorta. 

cardiaplegia (kar-de-ah-ple' -je-ah). See cardio- 
plegia. 

cardiasthenia (kar-de-as-the'-ne-ah) [cardia; &<r6k- 
*>eia, weakness]. A peculiar weakness of the heart 
due to neurasthenic conditions. 

cardiasthma (kar-de-az'-mah) [KapSla, heart; aa6p.a, 
asthma]. Dyspnea or so-called asthma due to heart 
disease. 

cardiataxia (kar-de-at-ak'-se-ah) [KapSla, heart; 
ataxia]. Incoordination of the contractions of the 
heart. 

cardiatelia (kar-de-ah-te' -le-ah) . See atelocardia. 

cardiatomy. See cardiotomy. 

cardiatrophia (kar-de-at-ro'-fe-ah) [KapSla, heart; 
arpcxpia, wasting]. Atrophy of the heart. 

cardiauxe (kar-de-awks'-e) [KapSla, heart; ai^, 
increase]. Enlargement of the heart. 

cardicentesis (kar-de-sen-te'-sis). See cardiocentesis. 

cardie chema (kar-de-ek-e'-mah) [KapSla, heart; 
nxvM-o-y sound; pi., cardiechemata]. A sound ^produced 
in or by the heart. 

cardiectasis (kar-de-ek'-tas-is) [KapSla, heart; 
eKraats, a stretching out]. Dilatation of the heart. 

cardiectomy (kar-de-ek'-to-me) [cardia; eKTopAi, 
cutting out]. Excision of the cardiac end of the 
stomach. 

cardielcosis (kar-de-el-ko'-sis) [cardia; IXkoktis, 
ulceration]. Ulceration of the heart. 

cardiemphraxia (kar-de-em-fraks'-e-ah) [KapSla, 
heart; €p.<ppa£is, obstruction]. Obstruction to the 
blood-current in the heart. 

cardietnmoliposis (kar-de-eth-mo-lip-o'-sis) [cardia; 
rfip.bs, a sieve; XiVos, fat]. A deposit of fat in the 
connective tissue of the heart. 

cardieurysma (kar-de-u-riz'-mah) [KapSla, heart; 
evpvs, wide]. Dilatation of the heart. 

cardinal (kar'-din-al) [cardo, a hinge]. Important; 
preeminent, c.-flower, a common name for several 
species of Lobelia, chiefly Lobelia cardinalis. c. 
points of Capuron. See Capuron's cardinal points. 
c. veins, the venous trunks which, in the embryonic 
stage, 'form the primitive jugular veins. 

cardine (kar'-den). A fluid preparation of sheep- 
hearts digested in glycerol and boric acid, used 
subcutaneously as a heart-tonic and diuretic. Dose 
50 min.-i^ dr. (3-5 Cc). 

cardio- (kar-de-o-) [cardia]. A prefix meaning 
relating to the cardia. 

cardioaccelerator (kar-de-o-ak-seV -er-a-tor) . Hast- 
ening the action of the heart, c. center. See center, 
cardioaccelerator . 

cardioaortic (kar-de-o-a-or'-tik). Relating to the 
heart and the aorta, c. interval, the interval be- 
tween the apex beat and the arterial pulse. 

cardioarterial (kar-de-o-ar-te'-re-al) . Pertaining to 
the heart and the arteries. 

cardioaugmentor (kar-de-o-aug-men'-tor). Increas- 
ing the vigor or force of the heart-beat. 

cardiocele (kar'-de-o-sel) [cardio-; K17X77, hernia]. 
Hernia of the heart, c. abdominalis, hernial pro- 
trusion of the heart into the abdomen. 



CARDIOCENTESIS 



192 



CARDITIC 



cardiocentesis (kar-de-o-sen-te'-sis) [cardio-; Kevrrj- 
<m, puncture]. Puncture of one of the chambers of 
the heart to relieve engorgement. 

cardioclasia (kar-de-o-kla'-ze-ah) [cardio-; kX&o-is, 
rupture]. Rupture of the heart. 

cardiodemia (kar-de-o-de'-me-ah) [cardio-; Srjiios, 
fat]. Fatty heart; fatty degeneration of the heart. 

cardiodilator (kar-de-o-di-la'-tor). An instrument 
for dilating the cardia. 

cardiodynia (kar-de-o-din'-e-ah) [cardio-; ohvvr), 
pain]. Pain in or about the heart. 

cardiodysesthesia, (kar-de-o-dis-es-lhe'-ze-ah) [car- 
dia; Sus, bad; atadtiats, perception]. Defective inner- 
vation of the heart. 

cardiodysneuria (Jzar-de-o-dis-nu'-re-ah). See cardi- 
odysesthesia. 

cardiogmus (kar-de-og'-mus) [cardio-; 6yp.os, a 
furrow], i. Cardialgia. 2. Aneurysm of the heart. 
3. Angina pectoris, c. strumosus, synonym of 
exophthalmic goiter. 

cardiogram (kar'-de-o-gram) [cardio-; ypap/ia, a 
writing]. The tracing of the cardiac impulse made 
by the cardiograph. 

cardiograph (kar'-de-o-graf) [cardio-; ypafaiv, to 
write]. An instrument for registering graphically 
the modifications of the pulsations of the heart. 

cardiographer {kar-de-og'-ra-fer) [see cardiograph]. 
An authority upon diseases of the heart. 

cardiographic (kar-de-o-graf'-ik) [cardio-; ypa<f>eip, 
to write]. Pertaining to or recorded by the cardio- 
graph. 

cardiography (kar-de-og'-ra-fe) [cardio-; ypa<f>eiv, 
to write]. 1. The use of the cardiograph. 2. A 
description of the anatomy of the heart. 

cardioid (kar'-de-oid) [cardio-; eldos, likeness]. 
Like a heart. 

cardioinhibitory (kar-de-o-in-hib'-it-o-re) [cardio-; 
inhibere, to restrain]. Inhibiting or diminishing the 
heart's action. The cardioinhibitory fibers pass to 
the heart through the pneumogastric nerves. 

cardiokinetic {kar-de-o-kin-et'-ik) [cardio-; Kivelv, 
to move]. 1. Exciting the heart-action. 2. An 
agent which excites the action of the heart. 

cardiolith (kar'-de-o-lith) [cardio-; Xi0os, a stone]. 
A cardiac concretion. 

cardiology (kar-de-ol'-o-je) [cardio-; \6yos, dis- 
course]. The anatomy, physiology, and pathology 
of the heart. 

cardiolysis (kar-de-ol'-is-is) [cardio-; Xwris, loosen- 
ing]. Resection of the ribs and sternum over the 
pericardium to free the latter from its adhesions to 
the anterior chest-wall in adhesive mediastinoperi- 
carditis. 

cardiomalacia (kar-de-o-mal-a'-she-ah) [cardio-; 
liaXada, softness]. Softening of the heart. 

cardiomegalia (kar-de-o-meg-a'-le-ah) [cardio-; 
M«7as, large]. Cardiac enlargement. 

cardiomelanosis (kar-de-o-mel-an-o'-sis) [cardio-; 
melanosis]. Melanosis of the heart. 

cardiometer (kar-de-om'-et-er) [cardio-; n'erpov, a 
measure]. An instrument for estimating the force 
of the heart's action. 

cardiometry {kar-de-om'-et-re) [cardio-; ukrpov, a 
measure]. The estimation of the size and dimen- 
tions of the heart (as by means of auscultation and 
percussion). 

cardiomyoliposis (kar-de-o-mi-o-lip-o'-sis) [cardio-; 
(ifo, muscle; Xi7ros, fat]. Fatty degeneration of the 
heart-muscle. 

cardiomyomalacia (kar-de-o-mi-o-mal-a'-she-ah) . 
See cardiomalacia. 

cardioncus (kar-de-ong'-kus) [cardio-; 5yicos, a 
tumor]. An aneurysm in the heart or one in the 
aorta close to the heart. 

cardionecrosis (kar-de-o-nek-ro'-sis) [cardio*-; vk- 
/cpw<m, a killing]. Gangrene of the heart. 

cardionosos, cardionosus (kar-de-on-o'-sos, -sus) 
[cardio-; vbaos, disease]. Any pathological affection 
of the heart. 

cardiopalmus (kar-de-o-pal'-mus) [cardio-; ira\p.6s, 
palpitation]. Palpitation of the heart. 

cardioparaplasis, cardioparaplasmus (kar-de-o-par- 
a-pla'-sis, -plaz'-mus) [cardio-; irapavX&^ei-v, to wander 
from the right way]. Cardiac malformation. 

cardiopath (kar-'de-o-path) [cardio-; iraBos, disease]. 
A sufferer from heart disease. 

cardiopathy (kar-de-op'-a-the) [cardio-; v6&os, 
diseasej. Any disease of the heart. 

cardiopericarditis (Jzar-de-o-per-e-kar-di'-tis) [car- 
dio-; pericardium; ins, inflammation]. Associated 



carditis and pericarditis; inflammation of the heart 
tissues and of the pericardium. 

cardiophone (kar'-de-o-fon) [cardio-; <j>avii, voice]. 
An instrument used to aid in hearing the sounds of 
the heart. 

cardiophtharsis {kar-de-of-thar'-sis) [cardio-; 
<j>delpe).v, to corrupt]. Any affection of the heart 
causing destruction of its substance. 

cardioplegia {kar-de-o-ple'-je-ah) [cardio-; ir\riyfi, a 
stroke]. Paralysis of the heart. 

cardiopneumatic {kar-de-o-nu-mat'-ik) ; [cardio- 
irvevna, breath/]. Pertaining* to the heart and 
respiration, c. movements, those movements of the 
air in the lungs that are caused by the pulsations of 
the heart and larger vessels. 

cardiopneumograph (kar-de-o-nu'-mo-graf) [cardio-; 
wvevfia, breath; ypa<peiv, to write]. An instrument 
designed for graphically recording cardiopneumatic 
movements. _ 

cardioptosis (kar-de-op-to'-sis) [cardio-; irTSxns, 
falling]. Prolapse of the heart. Syn., Rummo's 
disease. 

cardiopulmonary (kar-de-o-pul'-mon-a-re). Relat- 
ing to the heart and lungs; cardiopulmonic. 

cardiopuncture (kar-de-o-punk'-chilr) cardio-; punc- 
tura, a puncture]. 1. Cardiocentesis. 2. Any sur- 
gical or vivisectional puncture of the heart. 

cardiopyloric (kar-de-o-pi-lor'-ik) [cardio-; pyloric]. 
Referring to both the cardiac and pyloric portions of 
the stomach. 

cardiorenal {kar-de-o-re'-nal) [cardio-; ren, kidney]. 
Relating to the heart and the kidneys. 

cardiorrhaphy (kar-de-or'-af-e). Suturing of the 
heart. 

cardiorrheuma {kar-de-or-u'-mah) [cardio-; rheuma- 
tism]. # Rheumatism of the heart. 

cardiorrhexis (kar-de-or-eks'-is) [cardio-; pi?£is, a 
tearing]. Rupture of the heart. 

cardioschesis (kar-de-os'-kis-is). [cardio-; oxlais, 
a cleaving]. The tearing apart of adhesions which 
exist between the heart and the chest-wall in adhesive 
pericarditis. 

cardiosclerosis {kar-de-o-skle-ro'-sis) [cardio-; 
a-Kkripoeiv, to harden]. Induration of the tissues of 
the heart. See fibroid heart. 

cardioscope {kar'-de-o-skop) [cardio-; anoireiv, to 
view]. An instrument for the observation of the 
movements or of lesions of the heart. 

cardiospasm (kar'-de-o-spasm) [cardio-; airaafios, 
a drawing]. 1. A spasm of the heart. 2. Spasmodic 
contraction of the esophageal opening of the stomach. 

Cardiospermum {kar-de-o-sper' -mum) [cardio-; 
ffwipfia, seed]. A genus of plants of the order 
Sapindacece. C. halicacabum is a climbing tropical 
annual; the leaves and mucilaginous root are diuretic 
and diaphoretic. 

cardiosphygmograph (kar-de-o-sfig'-mo-graf). An 
instrument for the simultaneous recording of the 
heart and pulse movements. 

cardiostenosis (kar-de-o-ste-no'-sis) [cardio-; arkvu- 
txis, narrowing]. Constriction of the heart, especi- 
ally of the conus arteriosus; also the development of 
such a constriction. 

cardiotomy (kar-de-ot'-o-me) [cardio-; ropri, cut- 
ting]. 1. The anatomy or dissection of the heart. 
2. Incision of the heart. 3. Incision of the cardiac 
end of the stomach. 

cardiotopography (kar-de-o-to-pog'-ra-fe) [cardio-; 
rdiros, place; yp&<peu>, t6 write]. The topography or 
topographic anatomy of the heart and the cardiac area. 

cardiotoxic (kar-de-o-toks'-ik) [cardio-; t6£lkov, 
poison]. Having a poisonous effect upon or through 
the heart. 

cardiotrauma (kar-de-o-traw'-mah) [cardio-; rpavpa, 
a wound]. Traumatism or wound of the heart. 

cardiotromus (kar-de-ot'-ro-mus) [cardio-; tremere, 
to tremble]. Fluttering of the heart. 

cardiotrophe, cardiotrophia (kar-de-ot'-ro-fe, kar- 
de-ot-ro'-fe-ah) [cardio*-; rpo4>i\, nourishment]. 1. 
Heart-nutrition. 2. The volume of the heart. 

cardiovascular (kar-de-o-vas'-ku-lar) [cardio-; vascu- 
lum, a small vessel]. Pertaining to the heart and the 
blood-vessels. 

cardipaludism (kar-de-pal'-u-dizm) [icapSia, heart; 
paludism]. Disturbance of the heart's action due 
to malaria. 

cardipericarditis (kar-de-per-e-kar-di'-tis) . See car- 
diopericarditis. 

carditic (kar-dit'-ik) [kclpSIcl, the heart; ins, in- 
flammation]. Relating to or affected with carditis. 



CARDITIS 



193 



CARNOSIN 



carditis (kar-di'-tis) [cardia; ins, inflammation]. 
Inflammation of the heart, c, internal. Synonym 
of endocarditis. 

cardivalvulitis {kar-de-val-vu-li'-tis) . Endocarditis 
confined to the valves. 

cardol (Jzar'-dol). See anacardium. 

Carduus (kar'-du-us) [L., "a thistle"]. The seeds 
of C. marianus, St. Mary's-thistle, and C. benedictus, 
blessed thistle. A decoction of the former, 2 oz. 
to 1 pint, constitutes an old and popular remedy for 
hemoptysis. The latter is also a popular cure-all, 
used mainly as a tonic bitter. Dose of decoction 
1 dr.-£ oz. (4-16 Cc.) ; of tincture 10-20 min. (0.6- 
1.2 Cc). 

cargentos (kar-jen-tos). Colloidal silver oxide 
containing about 50 per cent, of silver, and used 
similarly to silver nitrate. 

Cargile membrane (kar'-gil) [Charles H. Cargile, 
American surgeon, 1853- ]. An animal membrane 
resembling gold-beaters' foil, made from the peri- 
toneum of the ox and used in surgery for packing 
and to prevent adhesions; when applied to the raw 
surface of the bowel it adheres without supporting 
stitches and forms an artificial peritoneum. Syn., 
animal velum. 

cariated (ka'-re-a-ted). Carious. 

caribi (kah-re'-be). Epidemic gangrenous proc- 
titis. 

carica (kar'-ik-ah) [carica, a dry fig, so called from 
Caria in Asia Minor]. A genus of plants of the 
order Papayacece. C. -papaya, the papaw-tree of 
tropical America, contains in its leaves and fruit the 
alkaloid carpaine, besides the ferment papain or 
papayotin; the leaves also contain the glucoside 
carposid. The milky juice and the seeds are anthel- 
mintic, c.-cocoa, a preparation of cocoa containing 
papaim 

caricin (kar'-is-iri). See papain. 

caricous (kar'-ik-us) [carica, a fig]. Fig-shaped, 
as a caricous tumor. 

caries (ka'-re-ez) [L., "rottenness"]. A molecular 
death of bone or teeth, corresponding to ulceration 
in the soft tissues. See Rust's sign. c. articulorum. 
1. Caries of a joint. 2. See c. fungosa. c, atonic, 
a form described by Billroth, attended with but little 
swelling and a thin, fetid discharge, c. callosa, 
syphilitic chancre, c. carnosa, fungous caries, 
marked by large granulation-masses, c. centralis, 
circumscribed chronic osteomyelitis, which, working 
from within, causes disease of the cortical substances. 
Syn., osteitis interna, c. dentis, c. dentium. See 
c. of teeth, c. fungosa, tuberculosis of a bone with 
attached sequestrum, the meshes of the latter being 
filled with granulations growing into them from the 
inner surface of the cavity, c. gallica, syphilitic 
chancre, c. granulosa. See c. fungosa. c. interna. 
See c. centralis, c, lacunar, a form in which the 
undermined bone is full of lacunae, c. mollis. See 
c. fungosa. c, necrotic, a form in which portions of 
the bone lie in a suppurating cavity, c. nongallica, 
simple chancre, c. profunda. See c. centralis. 
c. sicca, a form of tuberculous caries characterized 
by absence of suppuration, obliteration of the cavity 
of the joint, and sclerosis and concentric atrophy of 
the articular extremity of the bone. c. of spine, 
tuberculous osteitis of the bodies of the vertebrae 
and intervertebral fibrocartilage, producing curvature 
of the spine. Syn., Pott's disease, c. strumosa, 
tuberculous caries, c. of teeth, a chemical decom- 
position of the earthy part or any portion of a tooth, 
accompanied by partial or complete disorganization 
of the animal framework of the affected part. Syn., 
odontonecrosis. c. tuberculosa, tuberculous caries. 

cariesin (ka-ri-es'-in). A medical preparation of 
carious bone. 

carina (kar-i'-nah) [L., "the keel"]. 1. Any keel- 
like structure. 2. A mesial ridge on the lower 
surface of the fornix cerebri. 3. The spinal column. 
c. aquaeductus Sylvii, the carinate inferior margin of 
the Sylvian aqueduct, c. vaginae, the anterior 
column of the vagina. 

carinal (kar'-in-al). Carinate. 

carinate (kar'-in-at) [carina]. Keeled. 

cariosity (kar-e-os'-il-e). See caries. 

carious (ka'-re-us) [caries]. 1. Pertaining to or 
affected with caries. 2. Marked by irregular pits 
or perforations so as to present the appearance of 
carious bone. 

Carissa (kar-is'-ah) [L.]. A genus of shrubs. See 
ouabain. 
8 



carissin (kar-is'-in). According to Bancroft, a 
glucoside from the bark of Carissa ovata, resembling 
ouabain in action. 

Carlsbad salt (kahrlz'-bahd). A salt supposed to 
be prepared from Carlsbad water. C. water. A 
famous mineral water used largely for chronic affec- 
tions of the gastrointestinal tract, obesity, gout, and 
diabetes. 

carmalum, Mayer's. A stain consisting of car- 
minic acid, 1; alum, 10; water, 200 parts. It is 
well adapted for sections cut on the freezing micro- 
tome. 

carmin (kar'-min), CnHisOio. A coloring-matter 
extracted from cochineal. 

carminant {kar'-min-ant) [carmen, a charm]. 

1. Carminative. 2. A carminative agent or medicine. 
carminative (kar-min'-at-iv) [carminare, to card; 

hence, to cleanse]. Having the power to cure 
flatulence and colic. Carminatives are generally 
aromatics. 

carminophile (kar-min -o-fil) [carmin; <f>i\eii>, to 
love]. Readily stainable with carmin. 

carnal (kar'-nal) [carnalis, fleshly]. Pertaining to 
flesh, c. knowledge, sexual intercourse. 

carnallite (kar'-nal-it) [v. Carnall, Prussian miner- 
alogist 1804-1874]. Potassium-magnesium chloride. 

carnation {kar-na'-shun) [carnatio]. The natural 
color of flesh. 

carnauba (kar-na-oo'-bah) [Braz.]. 1. The root 
of Coper nicia cerifera, a wax-producing palm-tree of 
tropical America. It is used in Brazil as an alterative 
and resembles sarsaparilla in its properties. Dose of 
the fluidextract 30 min.-i dr. (2-4 Cc). 2. See C. 
wax. c. wax, the wax obtained from Copernicia 
cerifera. 

carneoaponeurotic (kar-ne-o-ap-on-u-rot'-ik). Fleshy 
and pertaining to an aponeurosis. 

carneopapillosus (kar-ne-o-pap-il-o'-sus) . Com- 
posed of fleshy papillae, as the columns of the 
vagina. 

carneotendinous (kar-ne-o-ten'-din-us) . Both mus- 
cular and tendinous. 

carneous (kar'-ne-us) [carneus, of flesh]. Fleshy. 
c. columns. See columnce carnece. 

carniferrin (kar-ne-fer'-in). A tasteless meat 
preparation containing phosphocarnic acid and 30 % 
of iron. Dose for adults 8 gr. (0.52 Gm.). Syn., 
iron phospkosarcolactate. 

carniferrol (kar-nif'-er-ol). A preparation of meat- 
peptone with iron; it is used as a stimulant dietetic. 
Syn., liquor carnis f err opeptonatus. 

carnification (kar-nif-ik-a'-shun) [caro, carnis, flesh; 
facer e, to make]. A term indicating the alteration of 
tissue, especially the lung, to a dense, fleshy appear- 
ance, c. of bone. See osteosarcosis. c. of the lung, 
congestive, brown induration of the lung. c. of the 
lungs, c, pulmonary. 1. The change of the paren- 
chyma of the lungs into a red material resembling 
muscle. 2. A consolidation of the lung from action 
of inflammation. 

carniformis (kar-ne-form'-is) [see carnification]. 
Having a flesh-like appearance, e. g., abscessus carni- 
formis. 

carnigen (kar'-ne-jen). A dietetic albumose. 

carnine (kar'-nen) [caro, carnis, flesh], C7H8N4O3. A 
leukomaine isolated from American meat-extract, but 
not from muscle tissue itself; also obtained from yeast 
and wine. 

carnivorous (kar-niv'-o-rus) [caro, carnis, flesh; 
vorare, to devour]. Flesh-eating. 

Carnochan's operation (kar'-no-kan) [John Murray 
Carnochan, American surgeon, 1817-1887]. 1. For 
elephantiasis: ligation of the main artery of the limb. 

2. For neuralgia: removal of the second division of 
the fifth nerve, together with the sphenopalatine 
ganglion as far back as the foramen rotundum. 

carnogen (kar'-no-jen) [caro, carnis, flesh; generare, 
to produce]. Glycerite of bone-marrow, containing 
60 % of red marrow and 25 % of unaltered fibrin of 
ox-blood, with albumin, susepnded in glycerol. It is 
a hematinic and used chiefly in pernicious anemia. 
Dose 1-2 tablespoonfuls 3 times daily. 

carnolin {kar'-nol-in). A solution of 1.5 % of 
formaldehyde; it is a food-preservative and disin- 
fectant. 

carnose {kar'-nos) [carnosus, fleshy]. Resembling 
or having the consistence of flesh. 

carnosin (kar' -no-sin), C9H14N4O3. A base, soluble 
in water, isolated from Liebig's meat-extract; it 
melts with decomposition at 239° C. 



CARNOSITY 



194 



CARTHAMUS 



carnosity (kar-nos'-it-e) [carnosus, fleshy]. A fleshy 
growth or excrescence. 

Carnot's solution (kar'-no). A solution of gelatin, 
5 to 10 per cent., in normal saline. It is used as a 
local hemostatic. 

caro (ka'-ro) [L. gen., carnis]. Flesh, c. luxur- 
ians, exuberant granulation. 

Caroba (kar-o'-bah) [L.]. The leaflets of Jacaranda 
procera and of Cybistax antisyphilitica. It is a popu- 
lar Brazilian remedy as an emetocathartic, alterative, 
and tonic in syphilis and in yaws. Dose of the 
jluidextract 15 min.-i dr. (1-4 Cc). 

carobin (kar'-o-bin). A crystalline body obtained 
from Jacaranda procera. 

caroid (kar'-oid). A digestive ferment obtained 
from Carica papaya; a pale-yellow powder. Dose 
i-3 gr. (0.065-0.2 Gm.). 

carolinium (kar-o-lin'-e-um). The provisional 
name given by Baskerville to a supposed new element 
obtained from thorium oxide. 

carone (kar'-on). A substance obtained from 
dihydrocarvone by action of hydrobromic acid. 

Carony bark (kar-o'-ne) [Caroni, a river in Vene- 
zuela]. Angustura bark. 

carotic (kar-ot'-ik) [/capos, stupor]. 1. Carotid. 
2. Stupefying; or of the nature of stupor. 3. A 
drug to produce sleep. 

caroticoclinoid (kar-ot-ik-o-kli'-noid). Relating to 
a carotid artery and a clinoid process of the sphenoid 
bone. 

caroticotympanic (kar-ot-ik-o-tim-pan'-ik) . Relat- 
ing to the carotid canal and the tympanum. 

carotid (kar-ot'-id) [icapbeiv, to produce sleep]. 
1. The carotid artery, the principal large artery on 
each side of the neck. See under artery. 2. Of or 
relating to the carotid artery, c. gland. See under 
gland, c. plexus, the nerve-plexus around the car- 
otid artery, c. tubercle, the anterior tubercle of the 
transverse process of the sixth cervical vertebra. 

carotidaneurysma (kar-o-tid-an-u-riz'-mah) . Aneu- 
rysm of the carotid artery. 

carotis (kar-ot'-is) [L.]. The carotid artery. 
c. cephalica, c. cerebralis, the internal carotid 
artery, c. communis, the common carotid artery. 
c. externa, c. facialis, the external carotid artery. 
c. interna, the internal carotid artery, c. primitiva, 
the common carotid artery. 

carpagra (kar-pag'-rah) [carpus; aypa, a seizure]. 
A sudden attack of pain at the wrist. 

carpaine (kar-pa'-en), C14H25NO2. A nalkaloid 
, extracted from the leaves of Carica papaya. It is 
recommended for the subcutaneous treatment of 
heart disease. Dose i\r-| gr. (0.006-0.01 Gm.) 
subcutaneously, every day or every second day. 
c. hydrochloride, C14H25NO2HCI, bitter white crystals, 
soluble in water. It is used in mitral insufficiency 
and aortic stenosis. Dose £-§ gr. (0.013-0.022 Gm.) 
daily. Injection, T y-§ gr. (0.0065-0.01 1 Gm.) 
daily. 

carpal (kar'-pal) [icap-irSs, the wrist]. Pertaining 
to the carpus or wrist. 

carpale (kar-pa'-le) [carpus]. Any one of the 
wrist-bones. 

carpectomy (kar-pek'-to-me) [carpus; Iktouti, exci- 
sion]. Excision of one or more of the carpal bones. 

carpen (karp'-en) [carpus]. Belonging to the 
carpus in itself. 

carphologia (kar-fol-o'-je-ah) . See carphology. 

carphology (kar-fol'-o-je) [icap<pos, chaff; \kyeiv, to 
collect]. The aimless picking at the bedclothes, seen 
in grave fevers, particularly in the socalled typhoid 
state. 

carpitis (kar-pi'-tis) ^carpus; ins, inflammation]. 
Inflammation of one or more of the carpal joints. 

carpo- (kar-po-) [carpus]. A prefix meaning relat- 
ing to the carpus. 

carpocace (kar-pok'-as-e) [carpus; kcucos, bad]. 
A diseased condition of the wrist. 

carpocarpal (kar-po-kar'-pal). Applied to the 
articulation between the two rows of carpal bones; 
also to different parts of the carpus in relation to each 
other. 

carpocervical (kar-po-ser'-vik-al). Relating to the 
wrist and the neck. 

carpogenic (kar-po-jen'-ik) [icapiros, fruit; ykv-qs, 
producing]. Applied to the fruit-producing cell or 
system of cells in certain alga?. 

carpogenous (kar-poj'-en-us) [icapiros, a fruit; 
yewav, to produce]. Fertile; fruit-producing. 

carpogonium (kar-po-go' -ne-um) [aapTos, fruit; 



ybvos, producing]. In biology, the unfertilized 
female reproductive organ of certain thallophytes. 

carpolith (kar'-po-lilh) [icapiros, fruit; Xiflos, a 
stone]. 1. A hard concretion formed in a fruit. 
2. A petrified fruit. 

carpometacarpal (kar-po-met-a-kar'-pal) [carpo-; 
metacarpus]. Relating to the carpus and to the 
metacarpus. 

carpo-olecranal (kar-po-o-le-kra'-nal) [carpo-; ole- 
cranon]. Relating to the wrist and the lower portion 
of the upper arm. 

carpopedal (kar-po-pe'-dal) [carpo-; pes, pedis, a 
foot]. Affecting the wrists and feet, or the fingers 
and toes. c. contraction. See contraction, carpo- 
pedal. c. spasm, a spasm of the hands and feet, or 
of the thumbs and great toes, associated with laryn- 
gismus stridulus of children. 

carpophalangeal (kar-po-fa-lan'-je-al). Pertaining 
to the wrist and the phalanges. 

carpophalangeus, carpophalanginus (kar-po-fal- 
an'-je-us, kar-po-fal-an-ji'-nus). 1. Relating to the 
wrist and to a phalanx. 2. See under muscle. 

carpophilous (kar-pof'-il-us) [icapiros, fruit; <pi\elv, 
to love]. Parasitic upon fruit. 

carpoptosis (kar-pop-to'-sis) [carpus; 7nwis, a 
fall]. Wrist-drop. 

carposid (kar'-po-sid). A crystalline glucoside 
from Carica papaya. 

carpozyma (kar-po-zi'-mah) [icapiros, fruit; £vp.r], 
ferment]. A genus of microorganisms producing 
fermentation. 

carp's-tongue (karps'-tung). An elevator used in 
the extraction of roots of teeth. 

Carpue's method of rhinoplasty (kar'-poo) [Joseph 
Constantine Carpue, English surgeon, 1764-1846]. 
A repair of the nose by taking a heart-shaped flap 
from the forehead. 

carpus (kar'-pus) [L.]. The eight bones collec- 
tively forming the wrist. 

carrageen, carragheen (kar'-ag-en) [Carragheen in 
Ireland]. Irish moss. See chondrus. 

carreau (kar'-o). Scrofulosis and tuberculosis of 
the digestive organs. 

carrefour sensitif (kar-foor' son-set-eef) [Fr., sen- 
sory crossway]. The posterior part of the posterior 
limb of the internal capsule of the cerebrum. 

Carrick bend (kar'-ik bend). A form of knot for 
fastening together two ligatures. The merit of the 
knot consists in the free end being held firmly between 
the two long portions. 

carriers (kar'-e-ers). Individuals who are con- 
valescent from an infectious disease but, while show- 
ing no signs or symptoms of the disease, harbor and 
eliminate the microorganism, and so spread the 
disease, c, chronic, carriers who eliminate the 
microorganisms for an indefinite period, c, tem- 
porary or transitory, convalescents who eliminate 
the microorganisms only for a short time after 
recovery. 

Carrion's disease [Daniel E. Carrion, Peruvian 
student, 19th century]. Verruga peruviana; Peru- 
vian wart. 

Carron oil {kar'-on). An oil consisting of equal or 
nearly equal parts of linseed-oil and lime-water. 
It is used as an application to burns, and is named 
after the Carron iron-works in Scotland, where it 
was first employed. 

carrotin (kar'-o-tin) [carota, carrot]. C18H24O. A 
lipochrome, the coloring-matter of carrots and 
tomatoes. 

car-sickness. The symptoms similar to those of 
sea-sickness produced by journeying in railway 
cars. 

Carswell's grapes [Sir Robert Cars-well, English 
physician, 1793-1857]- Pulmonary tubercles when 
they occur in a racemose distribution at the ex- 
tremities of several adjacent bronchioles. 

Carter's operation (kar'-ter) [William Wesley 
Carter, American laryngologist, i860- ]. Trans- 
planting a piece of bone from a rib in order to make 
a new bridge for the nose. 

Carthagena bark. Cinchona from Carthagena. 

carthamin (karth'-am-in) [Ar., qartama, paint], 
C14H16O7. The coloring-matter in safflower, the 
blossoms of Carthamus tinctorius. 

carthamus (karth'-am-us) [Ar., qartama, paint]. 
American or bastard saffron or safflower. The 
flowers of C. tinctorius. An infusion, "Saffron tea," 
is a popular domestic remedy as a diuretic in measles 
and other exanthematous affections. 



CARTILAGE 



195 



CARVOL 



cartilage (kar'-til-aj) [cartilago, gristle]. Gristle; 
a white, semiopaque, nonvascular connective tissue 
composed of a matrix containing nucleated cells 
which lie in cavities or lacunas of the matrix. When 
boiled, cartilage yields a substance called chondrin. 
c, annular, i. Any ring-shaped cartilage. 2. The 
cricoid cartilage, c, anonymous, the cricoid carti- 
lage, c, aortic, the second costal cartilage on the 
right side, c, arthrodic, c, arthrodial. See c, 
articular, c, articular, that lining the articular 
surfaces of bones, c, arytenoid. See arytenoid 
cartilage. ■ c, asternal, the costal cartilages which are 
detached from the sternum, c.-bone. 1. See ossein. 
2. See c, calcified, c.s, Brecht's. See Brecht's 
cartilage, c, bronchial, plates of cartilage, in some 
instances very minute, found in the bronchial tubes. 
c, calcified, that in which a calcareous deposit is 
contained in the matrix. Syn., cartilage-bone; 
crusted cartilage; primary bone. c. cells or cor- 
puscles, connective-tissue cells in matrix or cartilage. 
c, cellular. See c, parenchymatous, c, ciliary. 
See c, palpebral, c, corniculate. See Santorini's 
cartilage, c, costal, that occupying the interval 
between the true ribs and the sternum or adjacent 
cartilages, c, cricoid. See cricoid cartilage, c.s, 
cuneiform. See Wrisberg's cartilages, c, dentinal. 
See ossein, c, diarthrodial. See c, articular, c, 
embryonal. See c, parenchymatous, c, ensiform, 
the third piece of the sternum. Syn., xiphoid 
appendix; xiphoid cartilage, c.s, epactal, small 
cartilaginous nodules on the upper edge of the alar 
cartilages of the nose, c, epiphyseal. See c, 
intermediary (2). c, fetal. See c, temporary, c, 
fibro-. See fibrocartilage. c, floating. See arthro- 
lith. c, Huschke's. See Jacobson's cartilage, c, 
hyaline, is distinguished by a finely granular or homo- 
geneous matrix, c, innominate, the cricoid carti- 
lage, c.s, interarticular, flat fibrocartilages situated 
between the articulating surfaces of some of the 
joints. Syn., interarticular fibrocartilages. c, inter- 
arytenoid, an inconstant cartilage found between the 
arytenoid cartilages, c.s, interhemal, nodules of 
cartilage which aid in the formation of the hemal 
arch of a vertebra, c, intermediary. 1. Cartilage- 
bone in process of transformation into true bone. 
2. That interposed between the epiphysis and 
diaphysis of a bone, c.s, interneural, nodules of 
cartilage which aid in the formation of the neural 
arch of a vertebra, c.s, intervertebral. See inter- 
vertebral discs, c, investing. See c, articular, c, 
Jacobson's. See Jacobson's cartilage, c, Luschka's. 
See Luschka's cartilage, c, Luschka's subpharyn- 
geal. See under Luschka. c, Meckel's. See 
Meckel's cartilage, c.s, Morgagni's. See Wrisberg's 
cartilages, c, palpebral, the connective tissue form- 
ing the framework of the eyelids, c, parachordal. 
See parachordal cartilage, c, parenchymatous, that 
in which cells form the main part of the tissue. 
c.s, pyramidal, the arytenoid cartilages, c.s, 
quadrate, several small cartilages passing out from 
the alar cartilages in the external part of the nostril. 
c, reticular, a peculiar cartilage found in the auricle 
of the ear, the epiglottis, and Eustachian tubes. Its 
peculiarity consists in a network of yellow elastic 
fibers pervading the matrix in all directions, c, 
retiform. See c, reticular, c. of Santorini. See 
Santorini's cartilage, c, Seller's. See Seiler's 
cartilage, c.s, semilunar, two interarticulating 
cartilages of the knee, c, sesamoid. See sesamoid 
bone, c, sesamoid (of the larynx), Luschka's carti- 
lage, c.s, sesamoid (of the nose). See c.s, epactal. 
c.s, sigmoid. See c.s, semilunar, c, synarthrodial, 
that of any fixed or slightly movable articulation. 
c, tarsal. See c, palpebral, c, temporary, that 
which is ultimately replaced by bone, c, tubal, a 
rolled triangular cartilage running from the osseous 
part of the Eustachian tube to the pharynx, c. of 
Weitbrecht. See Weilbrecht's cartilage, c.s of Wris- 
berg. See Wrisberg's cartilage, c, xiphoid. See c, 
ensiform. c, yellow. See c, reticular. 

cartilagin (kar-tiV -aj-in) [cartilago, cartilage]. A 
characteristic principle of hyaline cartilage. Boiling 
changes it into chondrin. 

cartilagines (kar-til-aj'-in-ez) [plural of cartilago]. 
Cartilages, c. alares minores, lesser alar cartilages, 
sesamoid cartilages, c. corniculatae, corniculate 
cartilages, cartilages of Santorini. c. cuneiformes, 
cuneiform cartilages, cartilages of Wrisberg. 

cartilaginification (kar-til-aj-in-if-ik-a'-shun) [cartila- 
go, cartilage:facere, to make]. A change into cartilage. 



cartilaginifbrm (kar-til-aj-in'-if-orm) [cartilago, car- 
tilage; forma, forml. Resembling cartilage. 

cartilaginoid (kar-til-aj'-in-oid) [cartilago, cartilage; 
elSos, form]. Resembling cartilage. 

cartilaginous (kar-til-aj'-in-us) [cartilage]. ' Made 
up of or resembling cartilage. 

cartilago (kar-til-a'-go) [L.]. See cartilage, c. 
alaris major, the lower lateral cartilage of the nose. 
c. alaris minor, one of the lesser alar cartilages of 
the nose. c. auriculae or auris, the cartilage of the 
pinna of the ear. c. basilaris, the cricoid cartilage; 
the fibrocartilage in the foramen lacerum medium. 
c. corniculata, the corniculum laryngis. c. cricoidea, 
the cricoid cartilage, c. cuneiformis, the cuneiform 
cartilage of the larynx, c. ensiformis, the xiphoid 
cartilage, c. epiglottica, the cartilage of the epi- 
glottis, c. nasi lateralis, the upper lateral cartilage 
of the nose. c. ossescens, cartilage destined to 
become bone. c. septi nasi, cartilage of the nasal 
septum, c. thyreoidea, the thyroid cartilage, c. 
triticea, a small oblong cartilaginous nodule often 
found in the lateral thyrohyoid ligament, c. tubas 
auditivae, the cartilage forming part of the Eustachian 
tube. c. vomeronasalis, the vomerine cartilage or 
cartilage of Jacobson. c. Wrisbergii. Same as 
c. cuneiformis. c. xiphoidea, the xiphoid or ensiform 
process. 

carum (ka'-rum) [k6.pop, caraway]. Caraway. 
It is official in the U. S. P. in the form of the dried 
fruit of C. carvi, indigenous to Europe, and an allied 
species native to the Pacific coast of America. Its 
odor and taste are due to a volatile oil. It is used 
chiefly as a flavor. C. petroselinum, parsley, is 
diuretic and sedative, carui, aqua (B. P.), caraway 
water. Dose 1-2 oz. (30-60 Cc). carui, infusum, 
2 dr. to 1 pint. Dose \-2 oz. (15-60 Cc). carui, 
oleum (U. S. P.), oil of caraway. Dose 1-5 min. 
(0.06-0.3 Cc). N 

caruncle (kar'-ung-kl) [caruncula]. A small, fleshy 
growth, c, lacrimal, one upon the conjunctiva near 
the inner canthus. c, urethral, a small, bright-red 
growth situated on the posterior lip of the meatus 
urinarius: a frequent condition in women. The 
caruncle varies in size from a hempseed to a filbert; 
it is very painful, especially during micturition and 
coitus, and bleeds readily. 

caruncula (kar-ung'-ku-lah) [dim. of caro, flesh; 
pi., carunculcz]. A caruncle, carunculas cuticulares, 
the nymphse. c. innominata, the lacrimal gland, c. 
major, a caruncle marking the common orifice of the 
common bile-duct and the pancreatic duct. c. 
mammillaris. 1. The olfactory tubercle, between 
the roots of the olfactory nerves. 2. The enlarged 
ends of the galactophorous ducts in the nipple. 
c. minor, one in the duodenum in the center of which 
a supplementary pancreatic duct occasionally opens. 
c. Morgagnii, the middle lobe of the prostate, carun- 
culae myrtiformes, the projections of membrane near 
the orifice of the vagina, thought to be the remains of 
the hymen after its rupture, carunculae papUlares. 
See papilla, renal, c. salivalis. See c. sublingualis. 
c. sublingualis, one marking the orifice of Wharton's 
duct. Syn., papilla salivalis inferior, c. urethrae. 
See caruncle, urethral. 

caruncular (kar-ung'-ku-lar) [caruncula, a caruncle]. 
Like or pertaining to a caruncle. 

carunculate, carunculated (kar-ung'-ku-ldt, -ed]. 
Furnished with a caruncle. 

cams (ka'-rus) [*dpos, stupor]. Deep, lethargic 
sleep, c. cataleptica, catalepsy, c. ecstasis, trance, 
or catalepsy, c. lethargus, lethargy. 

Cams' curve (ka'-rus) [Karl Gustav Carus, 
German obstetrician, 1789-1869]. The longitudinal 
axis of the pelvic canal, which forms a curved line, 
having the symphysis pubis as its center. 

carvacrol (karv'-ak-rol) [Ital., carvi, caraway; aicpos, 
sharp], C10H13 . OH. A liquid body occurring in 
the oil of certain varieties of satureja. Syn., cymic 
phenol; cymophenol; metaisocymophenol; oxycymol. 
c. iodide, O0H13OI, a brown powder, slightly soluble 
in alcohol, readily soluble in olive-oil, ether, and 
chloroform, melting at 90 C. ; it is used as a substitute 
for iodoform. Syn., iodocrol. 

carvene (karv'-en) [It., carvi, caraway], C10H16. 
A hydrocarbon contained in caraway. It is a light 
terpene. See also citrene. 

carvol (karv'-ol) [It., carvi, caraway; oleum, oil], 
CioHuO. An aromatic alcohol isomeric with carva- 
crol, and obtained from oil of cumin. It is an oil 
with a pleasant odor, boiling at 225 C. 



CARVONE 



196 



CASSAREEP 



carvone (kar'-von). Same as carvol. 

Carya (kar'-e-ah) [/capita, the walnut-tree]. Hick- 
ory; a genus of trees of the order Juglandacece, 
indigenous to North America. C. tomentosa yields 
a crystalline principle, caryin, believed to be identical 
with quercitrin. The leaves of most of the species 
are aromatic and astringent and the bark bitter 
and astringent. The inner bark is used in dyspepsia 
and intermittent fever. 

caryenchyma (kar-e-en'-ki-mah) [k&pvov, nut (nu- 
cleus); iv, in; xwos, juice]. The more fluid part of 
the protoplasm of a nucleus. 

caryin (kar'-e-in). See under Carya. 

caryinum (kar-e-in'-um). Nut-oil. 

caryoblast (kar'-e-o-blast) [xapvov, nucleus; /SAcwros, 
a germ]. Any nucleated plastidule. 

caryochrome (kar'-e-o-krom). See karyochrome. 

caryocinesis (kar-e-o-sin-e'-sis). See karyokinesis. 

caryocinetic (kar-e-o-sin-et'-ik) . i. See karyokinetic. 
2. Ameboid. 

caryolysis (kar-e-ol'-is-is). See karyolysis. 

caryomitosis (kar-e-o-mi-to'-sis) . See karyomitosis. 

caryophyllin (kar-e-o-fil'-in) [caryophyllus], C10H16O 
or C20H32O2. The neutral crystalline principle of 
cloves. 

caryophyllus (kar-e-o-fil'-us) [napvov, a nut; <pvX\ov, 
a leaf]. Clove. The unexpanded flowers of Eugenia 
aromatica, distinguished by their pungent, spicy 
taste. Its properties are due to a volatile oil, which 
is antiseptic, stimulant, and irritant. It also con- 
tains a crystalline body, eugenin, C10H12O2, and a 
camphor, caryophyllin, CioHwO. It is useful as a 
stomachic and to prevent "griping" when combined 
with purgatives, caryophylli, infusum (B. P.), a 
strength of 1 to 40 is recommended. Dose 1-2 oz. 
{30-60 Cc). caryophylli, oleum (U. S. P.), oil of 
cloves, contains an acid and a phenol compound. 
Dose 1-4 min. (0.06-0.24 Cc). It is used also by 
microscopists to clarify preparations and tissues for 
mounting. 

caryoplasm (kar'-e-o-plazm). See karyoplasm. 

caryorrhexis. See karyorrhexis. 

casanthrol (kas-an'-throl). A mixture of casein 
ointment with a coal-tar product; it is used as a 
varnish in skin diseases. 

casca-bark (kas'-kah). Sassy-bark; ordeal-bark. 
The bark of Erythrophlceum guineense, a tree native to 
Africa. Its properties are due to an alkaloid. It 
is valuable in intermittent fevers and as a heart- 
tonic; in over-doses it produces nausea and vomiting. 
Erythrophleine, the active alkaloid, is a local anesthetic. 
Dose of the aqueous extract 1 gr. (0.065 Gm.) ; of the 
fluidextract 5-15 min. (0.3-0.9 Cc); of the tincture 
(25 % strength) 10 min. (0.6 Cc). 

cascador (kas'-ka-dor) [casca, bark]. A gatherer 
of cinchona bark. 

cascanata (kas-kan-at'-ah). A proprietary laxative 
and alterative said to consist of the active principles 
of cascara sagrada, gentian, rhubarb, and other 
jherbs, holding in solution phosphate of sodium and 
magnesium. 

cascara {kas'-kar-ah). Spanish for "bark." c. 
;amarga, Honduras bark. The bark of a tree native 
an Mexico, much used as an alterative tonic in 
syphilis and skin affections, c. cordial, a trade 
preparation. Dose 15 min.-2 dr. (1-8 Cc). c. 
sagrada {rhamnus purshiana, U. S. P.), the bark of 
Rhamnus purshiana, or California buckthorn. Its 
properties are due to a volatile oil. It is useful in 
chronic constipation. Syn., chittem bark; sacred bark. 
c. sagrada, extract of (extractum rhantni purshiana, 
U. S. P.). Dose §-1 dr. (2-4 Cc). c. sagrada, 
fluidextract of {fluidextr actum rhamni purshiana, 
U. S. P.). Dose is min. (1 Cc). c. sagrada, 
fluidextract of, aromatic {fluidextr actum rhamni 
purshiana aromaticum, U. S. P.). Dose 15 min. 
(1 Cc). 

cascarilla (kas-kar-il'-ah) [Sp., dim. of casca, bark]. 
The bark of Croton eluteria, native to the Bahama 
Islands, an aromatic bitter, increasing the_ natural 
secretions of the digestive organs, cascarillae, in- 
fusum (B. P.). Dose 1-2 oz. (30-60 Cc). cascar- 
illae, tinctura (B. P.). Dose §-2 dr. (2-8 Cc). 

cascarillin (kas-kar-il'-in) [cascarilla], C6H9O2. 
The active principle of cascarilla; a white, crystalline, 
bitter substance, scarcely soluble in water. 

cascarin (kas'-kar-in), C24H10O10. A substance 
isolated by Leprince from the bark of Rhamnus 
purshiana (cascara sagrada), and believed by him 
to contain the active tonic and laxative principles 



of that bark; it occurs in granular masses or prisms. 
Dose ii-3 gr. (0.099-0.198 Gm.). According to 
Phipson, this is identical with rhamnotoxin. 

case (kds) [cadere, to happen]. 1. A single instance 
or example of a disease. 2. A covering, or box-like 
structure, c, brain-, the calvaria. c, muscle-, 
see muscle, c.-taking, the collection of memoranda 
and notes of an individual case for service in diagnosis 
or prognosis, or for use in a medico-legal inquiry. 
c, trial-, in ophthalmology, a case containing various 
lenses for refracting the eye, etc. 

Casearia {kas-e-a'-re-ah) [J. Casearius, Dutch 
botanist]. A genus of tropical trees of the order 
Samydacece. C. esculenta is a native of the Asiatic 
tropics and Australia; its bitter roots are said to be a 
valuable remedy in hepatic torpor. C. ovata, the 
anavingah of the Malays, is a large tree, bitter in all 
its parts. The fruit is diuretic. C. tomentosa 
is a tree of India; the bitter leaves are used by the 
natives in medicated baths and the fruit is diuretic 

casease (ka'-se-as). An enzyme which digests 
casein, found by Duclaux and produced by bacteria, 
notably Tyrothrix tenuis. 

caseate (ka'-ze-dt). 1. A lactate. 2. To undergo 
cheesy degeneration. 

caseation (ka-ze-a'-shun) [casein]. The precipi- 
tation of casein during the coagulation of milk. 
Also a form of degeneration in which the structure 
is converted into a soft, cheese-like substance. 

caseiform (ka'-ze-if-orm). Resembling cheese or 
casein. 

casein (Jza'-se-in) [caseus, cheese]. A derived 
albumin, the chief proteid of milk, precipitated by 
acids and by rennet. It is closely allied to alkali- 
albumin, but contains more nitrogen and a large 
amount of phosphorus. It constitutes most of the 
curd of milk. Syn., caseum; lacterin. c. dyspepton, 
an insoluble, semigelatinous substance, separated in 
the first stages of gastric digestion, c, gluten. See 
c, vegetable, c.-mercury, a compound of casein and 
mercury bichloride, soluble in water with a trace of 
ammonia added; it is antiseptic, c. ointment, an 
ointment-base consisting of casein, 14 parts; potas- 
sium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide, each, 0.43 
part; glycerol, 7 parts; vaselin, 21 parts; borax, 1 
part; water, 56 or 57 parts. ' c.-peptone, a light- 
brown, soluble powder used as a nutrient, c. sac- 
charide, a compound of dry casein, 1 part; cane-sugar, 
9 parts, and sodium bicarbonate enough to render it 
slightly alkaline. It is useful in preparing emulsions 
of oils, balsams, terpenes, resins, or gum-resins. 
c. of the saliva, ptyalin. c.-sodium, a compound 
of casein and sodium hydroxide, used as a nutrient. 
c, vegetable, a nitrogenous substance resembling the 
casein of milk; two varieties have been described — 
legumin, in peas, beans, etc., and conglutin, in hops 
and almonds. 

caseinogen (ka-se-in'-o-jen) [caseum, cheese; yewav, 
to produce]. A peculiar substance occurring in 
milk, neither an alkali-albumin nor a globulin, but 
occupying a distinct position among proteids. When 
acted upon by a digestive ferment it produces casein, 
or the curd of milk. Caseinogen is a proteid ana- 
logous to fibrinogen, myosinogen, etc 

caseoiodine (ka-se-o-i'-o-din). A compound of 
casein and iodine (8 or 9 %) forming a white powder, 
soluble in dilute hot alcohol and in hot alkalies. It 
is used in myxedema. ' 

caseose (ka'-se-os) [caseum, cheese] A product of 
the gastric digestion of casein. 

caseous (ka'-se-us) [caseus, cheese]. Having the 
nature or consistence of cheese. 

cashew (kash-oo'). The cashew-nut, the product 
of Anacardium occidentale. See Anacardium. 

Casimiroa (kas-im-ir-o'-ah) [after Casimiro Gomez]. 
A genus of plants belonging to the order Rutacea. 
C. edulis is the zapote bianco of Mexico; the edible 
fruit is anthelmintic; the bitter bark with the leaves 
and seeds are incinerated and used medicinally. 

casogen (ka'-so-jen). Trade name of a milk food 
said to contain 95 per cent, of milk protein, 4 per 
cent, glycerophosphates, and 1 per cent, ovolecithin; 
used in neurasthenia, anaemia and dyspepsia. 

cassareep, cassaripe (kas'-a-rep) [South American 
name]. The concentrated juice of the cassava, the 
root of Jatropha manihot, made innocuous by boiling; 
it is a condiment, and as an ointment (10 %) is 
recommended in the treatment of purulent conjunc- 
tivitis, corneal ulcers, and other diseases of the 
eye. 



CASSAVA 



197 



CATAGMA 



cassava (kas-ah'-vah) [Sp., casabe]. i. The manioc 
plant (Jatropha manihot and other species of Jatro- 
pha). 2. Tapioca. 

Casselberry position (kas'-el-ber-re) [William 

Evans Casselberry, American laryngologist, 1858- 

]. The patient after an intubation lies with his 

face downward while drinking so that the fluid may 

not enter the tube. 

Casser's (Casserius') fontanel [Giulio Casserio, 
Italian anatomist, 1545-1616]. The fontanel formed 
by the temporal, occipital, and parietal bones. 
C.'s ganglion, the Gasserian ganglion. C.'s muscle. 
1. Ligamentous fibers attached to the malleus and 
formerly described as the laxator tympani minor 
muscle. 2. The coracobrachialis. C.'s perforating 
nerve, the external cutaneous nerve of the arm. 

Casserian (kas-e'-re-an). See Gasserian. 

Cassia (cash'-e-ah) [nao-La, a perfume]. 1. A genus 
of leguminous plants, several species of which afford 
senna. 2. An old name, still used commercially, for 
the coarser varieties of cinnamon. See Cinnamon. 
C. alata, the ringworm-shrub, is a widely diffused 
tropical shrub. The juice of the leaves mixed with 
lime-juice is used in the treatment of ringworm, 
and the wood and bark are alterant. C. beareana 
is a species of East Africa. A decoction of the root 
is highly recommended in black-water fever, and the 
powdered bark is applied as a dressing to ulcers. 
C. marilandica, of North America, produces the 
leaves called American senna, which are less active 
as a cathartic than the true senna. C.-bark, cas- 
sia-lignea. See cinnamon. C.-buds, the immature 
fruit of Chinese cinnamon; used chiefly as a spice. 
C, oil of, a variety of oil of cinnamon, used in phar- 
macy and in perfumery. C, purging {cassia fistula, 
U. S. P.), the dried fruit of a tree growing in tropical 
regions. The pulp (cassice pulpa, B. P.) is a mild 
laxative. Dose 1-2 dr. (4-8 Gm.). 

cast (kast) [ME., casten, to throw]. 1. A mass of 
fibrous or plastic material that has taken the form of 
some cavity in which it has been molded. From 
their source, casts may be classified as bronchial, 
intestinal, nasal, esophageal, renal, tracheal, urethral, 
vaginal, etc. Of these, the renal casts, by reason of 
their significance in diseases of the kidney, are the 
most important. Classed according to their con- 
stitution, casts are epithelial, fatty, fibrinous, 
granular, hyaline, mucous, sanguineous, waxy, etc. 
See tube-casts. 2. Strabismus, c.s, Kuelz's. See, 
Kuelz's casts, c.s, tubular exudation (of the intestine) 
a pathognomonic symptom of mucous colitis. 

castanea (kas-ta'-ne-ah) [L.]. Chestnut. The 
leaves of C. vesca. They contain tannic and gallic 
acids and other principles the value of which is not 
known. They are used in infusion or decoction as a 
remedy for whooping-cough. Dose of the fluid- 
extract 5-60 min. (0.3-3.8 Cc). 

Castellani's test (kas-tel-ah' -ne) [Aldo Castellani, 
Italian physician]. If an immune serum is mixed 
with its corresponding bacteria, the agglutinins for 
these bacteria are absorbed, as are also the partial 
agglutinins for the heterologous bacteria. 

Castellino's sign. See Oliver's symptom. 

castor (kas'-tor). See castoreum. c.-bean, c.-oil. 
See under ricinus. c.-xylene, a mixture composed 
of castor-oil, 1 part, and xylene, 3 parts, used for 
clearing or clarifying the collodion or celloidin of 
objects embedded in collodion. 

castoreum (kas-to'-re-um) [ko.<ttwp, the beaver]. 
The dried preputial follicles and their secretion, 
obtained from the beaver, Castor fiber. It is a red- 
dish-brown substance with a strong odor. It is 
antispasmodic and stimulant, its action resembling 
that of musk. Dose of the tincture |-i dr. (2-4 Cc). 

castoria (kas-to'-re-ah) [koxtto>p, the beaver]. A 
proprietary medicine recommended as a substitute 
for castor oil. 

castorin (kas'-to-rin). A neutral principle ob- 
tainable from castoreum. 

castration (kas-tra'-shun) [caslrare, to cut]. Orchi- 
dectomy; the excision of one or both testicles, c, 
female, removal of the ovaries; oophorectomy; 
spaying. 

castrensis (kas-tren'-sis) [castra, a camp]. 1. Re- 
lating to camps. 2. Camp-fever or dysentery due 
to unsanitary living in camps. 

casual (kaz'-u-al) [casus, chance]. 1. Fitted or set 
apart for the treatment of accidental injuries, as a 
casual ward in a hospital. 2. An occupant of a 
casual ward in a hospital. 



casualty (kaz'-u-al-te) [casus, chance]. An acci- 
dental injury; a wound, or loss of life, accidentally 
incurred; an injury in a battle. 

Casuarina (kas-u-ar-e'-nah) [casuarius, the casso- 
wary, from the resemblance of the stems to the heavy 
feathers of this bird]. A genus of plants of the 
order Casuarinacece. The tonic and styptic bark of 
C. equisetifolia, of Malaya, is used in the treatment 
of beriberi. C. montana is a native of Malaya; the 
bark is used in beriberi; the leaves in colic; the 
seeds in a salve in the treatment of headache. 

casuistics (kaz-u-is' -tiks) [casus, a case]. The 
study of individual pathologic cases as a means of 
arriving at the general history of a disease. 

casumen (kas'-u-men). A proprietary dietetic 
said to contain 93 % of proteid. 

cata-. A prefix denoting downward, or according 
to, or against. 

catabasial (kat-ah-ba'-se-al) [Kara, down; basion]. 
Applied to skulls having the basion lower than the 
opisthion. 

catabasis (kat-ab'-as-is) [Karafiao-is, a descent]. 
The decline of a disease. 

catabatic (kat-ah-bat'-ik). Pertaining to catabasis. 

catabiotic (kat-ah-bi-ot'-ik) [Kara, intensive; /3i6s, 
life]. Applied to the power of growing structures 
which causes the development of approximate cells 
to be harmonious with the primary structure. 

catabolergy (kat-ab-ol'-er-je) [/card, down; (la\\eiv r 
to throw; ipyov, work]. Energy expended in cata- 
bolic .processes. 

catabolic (kat-ab-ol'-ik) [Kara, down; /3dXXetv, to 
throw]. Of the nature of, or pertaining to, cata- 
bolism. 

catabolin, catabolite (kat-ab'-o-lin, -lite) [kclto., 
down; /3dXX€«/, to throw]. Any product of cata- 
bolism. 

catabolism (kat-ab'-ol-izm) [/card, down; PaKkeiv, to 
throw]. Destructive metamorphosis; disassimila- 
tion; physiological disintegration; movement toward 
a cata-state. 

catabolite (kat-ab'-o-lit). Same as catabolin. 

catabythismomania (kat-ab-ith-iz-mo-ma'-ne-ah) 
[/ca.Ta/3u0io>i6s, submergence; fiavia, madness]. In- 
sane impulse to suicide by drowning. 

catabythismus (kat-ab-ith-iz'-mus) [Ka.TaPvdio-p.bs, sub- 
mergence]. Drowning; especially suicidal drowning. 

catacausis (kat-ak-aw'-sis) [/card, down; naieiv, to 
burn]. Spontaneous combustion. 

cataclasis (kat-ak' -las-is) [/card, down; K\aaav, to 
break]. 1. A fracture. 2. See catacleisis. 

catacleisis (kat-ak-li'-sis) [/card/cXeto-is, a locking]. 
Closure of the eyelids by adhesion or by spasm. 

cataclysm (kat'-ak-lizm) [tear aichvo- (ids, a deluge], 
1. An effusion. 2. A sudden shock. 

catacoustics (kat-ah-koos'-tiks) [/card, after; a.Koveii> r 
to hear]. The science of reflected sound. 

catacrotic (kat-ak-rot'-ik) [Kara, down; nporos, a. 
striking]. Interrupting the line of descent in a. 
sphygmogram. 

cata erotism (kat-ak'-rot-izm) [/card, down; uporos, 
a striking]. An interruption or oscillation of the 
line of descent in a sphygmogram; the quality of 
being catacrotic or of being marked by oscillation 
in the sphygmographie line of descent. 

catadicrotic (kat-ah-di-krot'-ik). Having one or 
more secondary expansions, as a pulse. 

catadicrotism (kat-ad-ik'-rot-izm) [Kara, down; 
dUporos, double beating]. The occurrence of a 
divided or double pulsation in the downward stroke 
of the sphygmograph. 

catadidymous lkat-ad-id' -im-us) [Kara, down; 
8t.8vp.os, twin]. Joined into one, as a twin mon- 
strosity, but with downward cleavage, so that the 
upper parts are double. 

catadidymus (kat-ad-id '-im-us) [Kara, down; 8l- 
8vp.os, twin]. A catadidymous monstrosity. 

catadioptric (kat-ah-di-op'-trik) [Kara, over against; 
dioptric}. Applied to optical instruments which 
have the power of reflecting and refracting light at 
the same time. 

catadrome (kat'-ad-rom) [Kararpexeiv, to run at 
or over]. 1. The onset of a disease. 2. The decline 
of a disease. 

catagenesis (kat-aj-en'-es-is) [Kara, down; -ykvtais, 
generation]. The process ot creation by retrograde 
metamorphosis of energy, or by the specialization of 
energy. 

catagma (kat-ag'-mah) [Karayp-a, a fracture: pi., 
catagmata}. A fracture. 



CATAGMATIC 



198 



CATARACT 



catagmatic (kat-ag-mat'-ik) [Karayfia, a fracture]. 

1. Relating to or serviceable in cases of fracture. 

2. A remedy that promotes the union of broken 
parts. 

catalase (Jkat'-al-as). See milk-catalase. 

catalepsy (kat'-al-ep-se) [nark, down; \a^a^eiv, 
to seize]. A condition of morbid sleep, associated 
with a loss of voluntary motion and a peculiar plastic 
rigidity of the muscles, by reason of which they take 
any positionjin which they are placed and preserve 
it for an indefinite time. The condition is associated 
with hysteria, with forms of insanity, and is a stage 
of the hypnotic sleep, c, local, that affecting a 
single organ or group of muscles. 

cataleptic (kat-al-ep'-tik) [see catalepsy], i. Re- 
lating to, affected with, or of the nature of, catalepsy. 
2. A person affected with catalepsy. 

cataleptiform (kat-al-ep'-tif-orm) [catalepsy; forma, 
form]. Resembling catalepsy. 

cataleptize {kat-al-ep'-tiz). To reduce to a state 
of catalepsy. 

cataleptoid (kat-al-ep'-toid) [catalepsy; elSos, like- 
ness]. Like catalepsy, c. state, a condition due to 
neuromuscular excitability and differing from true 
catalepsy in that the limbs must be held in fixed 
attitudes for a few seconds before they maintain 
themselves and friction causes them to become limp. 

cataleptolethargic {kat-al-ep-to-leth-ar'-jik) . Hav- 
ing the nature of catalepsy and lethargy. 

Catalpa {kat-aV -pah) [native Am. Indian] . A genus 
of American and Asiatic bignoniaceous trees. A. 
bignoniodes and A. speciosa, of North America, 
have astringent, anthelmintic, and tonic qualities; 
the leaves and pods are reputed anodyne, emollient, 
and antasthmatic. 

catalysis (kat-al'-is-is) [KaraXveiv, to dissolve]. 
In chemistry, a reaction that appears to take place 
owing to the mere presence of another body that 
apparently undergoes no change. 

catalyst (kat'-al-ist). A substance having the 
power to produce catalysis. 

catalytic (kat-al-it'-ik) [icaTa\veu>, to dissolve]. 

1. Of the nature of, or characterized by, catalysis. 

2. Any medicine that is supposed to break down, 
destroy, or counteract morbid agencies existing 
within the economy. See alterative. 3. A retro- 
gressive change. 

catalyzation (kat-al-i-za'-shun) . The act or process 
of catalysis. 

catalyzer {kat-a-li'-zur). Any substance that 
accelerates chemical _ or physical processes which 
would occur without it. 

catamenia (kat-am-e'-ne-ah) [/card, concerning, 
according to; mv, month]. The recurrent monthly 
discharge of blood during sexual life from the genital 
canal of the female. 

catamenial (kat-am-e'-ne-al) [catamenia]. Per- 
taining to the catamenia. 

catapasm (kat'-ap-azm) [Karairacrfia, powder]. 
A dry powder to be sprinkled upon the skin or upon 
a sore. 

cataphasia (kat-af-a'-ze-ah) [KaTCKpaais, assent]. 
A condition of imperfect consciousness, in which 
the patient repeatedly utters the same word or 
words spontaneously, or in reply to a question. 

cataphonics (kat-ah-fon'-iks) [Kara, after; <puvrj, 
sound]. That branch of physics treating of reflected 
sounds. 

cataphora (kat-af'-o-rah) [Kara^opa, to fall]. 
Lethargy; imperfect or restless coma, with intervals 
of coma-vigil. 

cataphoresis (kat-af-or-e'-sis) [/card, down; <pepeiv, 
to carry]. The introduction of drugs into the 
system through the skin by means of ointments or 
solutions _ applied by the electrode of a battery. 
c, anemic, the application of cataphoresis upon a 
part from which the blood-supply has previously 
been cut off by an Esmarch bandage or a rubber 
ring, c, static, a method of introducing into the 
body gaseous medicaments that have been inclosed 
within a bell-jar or tube into which enters a brush 
electrode connected with the positive pole of an 
influence machine. 

cataphoretic (kat-af-o-ret'-ik). Pertaining to cata- 
phoresis. 

cataphoria (kat-af-o'-re-ah) [Kara, down; <£op6s, 
tending]. A tendency of both eyes to assume too 
low a plane. 

cataphoric (kat-af-or'-ik) [cataphoresis]. 1. Pass- 
ing, or causing a passage, from the anode to the 



cathode, through a diaphragm or septum. 2. 
Relating to lethargy or to apoplexy. 

cataplasis (kat-ap' -las-is) [Kara, down; irXdo-ts, 
formation]. 1. The stage of decline in the indi- 
vidual life. 2. The application of a plaster or 
coating. 

cataplasm, cataplasma (kat'-ap-lazm, kat-ap-laz'- 
mah) [Ka.rinr\a<rfia, a poultice], A poultice (q. v.). 
cataplasma carbonis (B. P.), a poultice made of 
wood-charcoal, 1; bread-crumb, 1; linseed-meal, 3: 
boiling water, 20 parts, cataplasma fermenti 
(B. P.), a mixture of beer, yeast, wheat-flour, water 
at ioo° F. It is a stimulant and antiseptic for 
indolent ulcers, cataplasma kaolini (U. S. P.), a 
mixture of kaolin, boric acid, thymol, methyl salicy- 
late, oil of peppermint, and glycerol. 

cataplectic (kat-ap-lek'-tik) [/caron-X^is, a striking 
down]. Fulminant; sudden and overwhelming. 

cataplexis (kat-ap-leks'-is) [/cardTrXi^is, a striking 
down]. 1. A sudden and overwhelming shock or 
attack of disease; prostration by the onset of disease 
or by shock. 2. Hypnotic sleep. 

cataptosis {kat-ap-to'-sis) [/cord, down; tttuxtis, a 
falling]. Apoplexy; epilepsy; paralysis; ptosis. 

cataract (kat'-ar-akt) [/carappdKTrjs, a water-fall]. 
Partial or complete opacity of the crystalline lens 
or its capsule, c, adherent, opacity of the lens, due 
to disturbed nutrition, in which it is attached by 
exudates to the adjacent parts, as in cyclitis. c, 
aridosiliquose, an overripe cataract with a dry, 
wrinkled capsule, c, capsular, cataract due to 
opacity of the capsule, c, capsulolenticular, one 
involving both the capsule and the lens, c, chalky. 
See c, aridosiliquose. c, cholesterin, one containing 
what are apparently crystals of cholesterin. c, 
concussion, a soft cataract due to an explosion or 
some other concusison. c, cortical, one due to loss 
of transparency of the outer layers of the lens, c, 
cystic. See c, Morgagnian, c, diabetic, a form 
associated with diabetes, c.-discission, an operation 
preliminary to absorption, or extraction by suction, 
consisting in rupturing the capsule, so that the 
aqueous humor gains access to the lens, c.-extrac- 
tion, removal of the cataractous lens by surgical 
operation, c, fibrinous, a false cataract consisting 
of an effusion of plastic lymph on the capsule and 
into the field of vision, c, fibroid, a false cataract 
consisting of an opacity in the axis of the visual rays 
though not in the lens, c, fluid, the breaking-up 
of an opaque lens into a milky fluid, c, green, a 
name given to a grayish-green reflex seen in glau- 
coma; it is also seen when the pupil is dilated and 
the media are not completely transparent, c, 
grumous, a spurious cataract from hemorrhage into 
the cornea or into the vitreous, c, gypseous, an 
overripe cataract presenting a white appearance 
from having undergone degeneration, c, hard. 
See c, senile, c, hyaloid, a spurious cataract attri- 
buted to opacity of the anterior part of the vitreous. 
c, immature, one in which only a part of the lens- 
substance is cataractous. c, incipient, forked /linear 
opacities in the equatorial region of the lens seen in 
middle-aged persons and sometimes remaining 
unchanged for years. Syn., arcus senilis lentis; 
gerontoxon lentis. c, interstitial. See c, lenticular. 
c, lacteal. See c, fluid, c, lamellar, one due to 
opacity of certain layers between the cortex and 
nucleus, _ the remaining layers being transparent. 
c, lenticular, one occurring in the lens proper. 
c, lymph, c, lymphatic. See c, Morgagnian. 
c, mature, one in which the whole lens-substance is 
cataractous. c, membranous, a fibrinous deposit 
from the iris upon the capsule, which becomes opaque. 
c, mixed, one which ultimately affects the whole 
lens, but begins as a cortical opacity in sharply 
demarcated streaks or triangular patches, c, 
Morgagnian, one in which an overripe cataract shrinks 
and leaves a nucleus floating in the dissolved outer 
layers, c, myelin, one containing a semitransparent, 
yellowish, friable substance, c, nuclear, one of 
moderate extent beginning in the nucleus, c, pig- 
mented, c, pigmentous, a spurious cataract due to 
an injury by which the pigment from the posterior 
surface of the iris has been detached, forming a tree- 
like appearance, c, polar (anterior or posterior), 
a form in which the opacity is confined to one pole 
of the lens, c, pseudomembranous, a condition 
marked by white spots on the lens due to iritis. 
c, pupillary, congenital closure of the pupil, c, 
pyramidal, one in which the opacity is at the anterior 



CATARACTOPIESIS 



199 



CATHETER 



pole and is conoid, the apex extending forward. 
c, recurrent capsular, c, secondary, capsular cataract 
appearing after the extraction of the lens, c, ripe. 
See c, mature, c, senile, the cataract of old per- 
sons, the most frequent form, and that understood 
when not specified as congenital, juvenile, traumatic, 
soft, etc. c, siliculose, c, siliquose. See c, arido- 
siliquose. c, soft, a form occurring especially in the 
young; the lens-matter is of soft consistence and 
milky appearance, c, spontaneous, one not de- 
pendent upon some other lesion or disease, c, 
stony, one that has undergone degeneration and 
become of stony hardness, c, tremulous, c, vacil- 
lating, one associated with laceration of the zonule 
of Zinn, causing trembling of the iris and of the 
cataract on movement of the eyeball, c, true, 
lenticular cataract, c, unripe. See c, immature. 
c, zonular. See c, lamellar. 

cataractopiesis (kat-a-rak-to-pi-e'-sis). See couch- 
ing. 

cataractous (kat-ar-ak'-tus) [cataract]. Of the 
nature of or affected with cataract. 

catarrh (kat'-ahr') [tcarappeZv, to flow down]. 
Inflammation of a mucous membrane. The term 
is also applied to certain inflammations of the 
tubules of the kidney and the air-vesicles of the lung. 
c, alveolar, a condition occurring in bronchopneu- 
monia in which the alveoli of the lungs contain 
a granular liquid exudate holding modified epithelial 
cells and blood-corpuscles, c, atrophic nasal, 
chronic nasal catarrh resulting in dryness and 
atrophy of the membrane, c, dry, bronchitis in 
which there are frequent, severe attacks of cough- 
ing, with pain and but little expectoration, c, 
epidemic. See influenza, c, gastric, gastritis. 
c, hemorrhagic, bronchial catarrh attended with a 
superficial extravasation of blood into the mucous 
tissue, c, infectious, that caused by pathogenic 
microorganisms either by direct invasion or by the 
effect of toxins generated by them, c, intestinal, 
enteritis, c, intoxication, that caused by chemical 
poison — (a) introduced with the ingesta; (b) developed 
from the ingesta through putrefaction; (c) that de- 
veloped from the blood, c, Laennec's. i. See c, 
dry. 2. See c, piluitous. c, membranous nasal, 
a form of nasal catarrh marked by the formation of a 
thick pseudomembrane. c, mycotic, that caused by 
a fungus, c, nasal, coryza. c, papillary, catarrh 
of the renal papillae. c, pituitous (of Laennec), 
chronic serous bronchorrhea attended with copious 
secretion discharged by severe paroxysms of coughing. 
c, pulmonary, bronchitis, c, rarefying dry (of the 
nasopharynx), a state of malnutrition marked by 
pale, dry mucosa and at times the occurrence of 
varicose veins in the pharyngeal wall and about the 
orifices of the Eustachian tubes, c, rose-, hay-fever. 
c, Russian, influenza, c, serous, that marked by 
secretion consisting chiefly of a serous fluid, c, 
suffocative. Synonym of capillary bronchitis, c, 
summer-, hay-fever, c, uterine, endometritis. 
c, vasomotor, hay-fever, c, vernal. See con- 
junctivitis, vernal, c, venereal. Synonym of gonor- 
rhea, c, vesical, cystitis. 

catarrhal (kat-ahr'-al) [catarrh]. Of the nature of, 
affected with, or relating to catarrh, c. fever. 
Synonym of influenza, c. inflammation, an inflam- 
mation of an archiblastic surface, characterized by 
proliferation and desquamation of the epithelium. 

catarrhectic (kat-ar-ek'-tik) [KarapprjKTiKos]. Pur- 
gative. 

catastalsis (kat-as-tal'-sis). A term suggested by 
Cannon for the downward moving wave of con- 
traction occurring in the stomach, during digestion. 
There is no preceding wave of inhibition. 

catastaltic (kat-as-tal'-tik) [KaTao-rkWi-iv, to check, 
to send downward]. i. Astringent. 2. Passing 
from above downward (as a nerve-impulse). 3. An 
inhibitory or sedative agent. 

catastasis (kat-as'-tas-is) [/cardo-racm, a settling]. 
Condition, state, habit; a decline, or quieting of 
symptoms; restitution, as of a displaced part. 

catastate (kat'-as-tat) [naraaTaais, settling down]. 
Any one of a series of successive catabolic states, 
substances, or conditions, each one of which is less 
complex, more stable, and exhibits less functional 
activity than its predecessor. 

catastatic (kat-as-tat'-ik) [/caTcurrao-is, a settling 
down]. Relating to a catastasis, or to a catastate. 

catatonia (kat-at-o'-ne-ah) [Kara, down; twos, 
tension]. A form of mental derangement progressing 



from melancholia successively through mania and 
stupidity to imbecility and tonic convulsions. 

catatony (kat-at'-o-ne). See catatonia. 

catatricrotism (kat-ah-tri'-krot-izm) [Kara, down; 
rpeis, three; tcporos, a striking]. The occurrence of 
a third pulsation in the downward stroke of the 
sphygmograph. 

catatropia (kat-ah-tro'-pe-ah) [kata-; rpoiros, a 
turn]. An actual turning of both eyes downward. 

catavertebral (kat-ah-ver'-te-bral) [Kara, down; 
vertebral]. Located on the side of a centrum of a 
vertebra next to the blood-vessels. 

catching (katsh'-ing). Contagious, in the popular 
sense, i. e., directly from one person to another, as 
scabies, ringworm, syphilis, gonorrhea, typhus, 
variola, diphtheria, and scarlatina. 

catechin (kat'-e-kin) [catechu], C21H20O9 +5H2O. 
Catechinic acid, the active principle of catechu. It 
crystallizes in shining needles of a snow-white, silky 
appearance. 

catechol (kat'-e-kol). See pyrocatechin. c. di- 
methylate, c. dimethyl-ether. See veratrol. c. 
monomethylate, c. monomethyl-ether. See guaiacol. 

catechu (kat'-e-ku) [E. Ind.]. An extract pre- 
pared from the wood of Acacia catechu, a native of the 
East Indies. It contains 50 % of tannic acid, and 
hence is a powerful astringent. It is used in the 
diarrhea of children and as a gargle and mouth-wash. 
Dose of the powdered extract 10 gr.-| dr. (0.65-2.0 
Gm.), The catechu of the Pharmacopeia of 1890 
has been replaced by gambir (q. v.). c, infusum 
(B. P.). Dose i-i| oz. (30-45 Cc). c, pulvis, 
compositus (B. P.), contains catechu, kino, and 
rhatany. Dose 20-40 gr. (1.3-2.6 Gm.). 

catelectrode (kat-el-ek'-irod). See cathode. 

catelectrotonus {kat-el-ek-trot'-o-nus) [Kara, down; 
rjXeKTpov, amber; rbvos, tension]. The state of 
increased irritability of a nerve near the cathode. 
See anelectrotonus. 

catenating (kat'-en-a-ting) [catenare, to chain 
together]. Connecting; linking; e. g., catenating 
ague, ague associated with another disease. 

catenoid (kat'-en-oid) [catena, chain; eldos, re- 
semblance]. Resembling a chain. 

catgut (kat'-gut). The intestine of various animals, 
particularly the sheep, treated to make ligatures. 
c, carbolized, catgut rendered aseptic by soaking 
in a solution of phenol, c, chromicized, gut treated 
with chromium trioxide. c.-plate, an appliance for 
uniting intestinal edges in intestinal anastomosis. 
It is made of a solid catgut sheet, is thin, large, and 
flat, and resembles the Senn decalcified bone-plates. 

catharma (kath-ar'-mah) [Kodapy.a, refuse; pi., 
catharmata]. That which is removed by purgation; 
excrement. 

catharsis (kath-ar'-sis) [KadaLpeiv, to purge]. 
Purgation. 

cathartate (kath-ar'-tat). A salt of cathartic acid. 

cathartic {kath-ar'-tik) [see catharsis]. 1. Purga- 
tive. 2. A medicine used to produce evacuations 
of the bowels; a purgative, c. acid. See senna. 
c. pill, compound. See under compound. 

cathartin {kath-ar' -tin) . A bitter principle found 
in rhubarb, senna and jalap. 

cathartogenin (kath-ar-toj'-en-in). A yellow-brown 
substance obtained from cathartic acid by decom- 
position with hydrochloric acid. Syn., catharlogenic 
acid. 

cathartomannite {kath-ar-to-man'-it). See sennit. 

cat-head (kat'-hed). A term applied by Rosch 
to certain skulls the bones of which are too thin, 
the form rotund, with the occiput markedly project- 
ing, while all prominences and muscular impressions 
are inconspicuous. Cf. apple head. 

cathelectrotonus. See catelectrotonus. 

Cathelineau's sign. See Tourette's disease. 

catheresis, cathaeresis (kath-er-e'-sis) [KoBaiptiv, 
to reduce]. 1. Prostration or weakness induced 
by medication. 2. Caustic action; it often designates 
a feebly caustic action. 

catheretic (kath-er-et'-ik) [naOalpeiv, to reduce]. 
1. Reducing; weakening; prostrating. 2. Caustic. 
3. A reducing or caustic agent. 

catheter (Jkath' -el-er) [Kaderrip, a thing put down]. 
1. A hollow tube for introduction into a cavity 
through a narrow canal. 2. Specifically, one in- 
tended to be passed through the urethra into 
the bladder. c, Bozeman's, a double-current 
uterine catheter, c, Eustachian, an instrument for 
examining, distending, or making applications to 



CATHETERISM 



200 



CAUSE 



the Eustachian tube. c. fever, systemic disturbance 
with fever, following the introduction of a catheter 
into the urethra., c, Gouley's. See Gouley's 
catheter, c.-life, continuous dependence upon the 
catheter for evacuation of the bladder, c, lung, a 
soft-rubber tube that may be passed down the trachea. 
c, Schroetter's. See Schroetter's catheter, c, self- 
retaining, one that will hold itself within the bladder 
without other appliances to assist it. 

catheterism, catheterization (kath'-et-er-izm, kath- 
et-er-iz-a'-shun) [catheter]. The introduction of a 
catheter. 

catheterize (kath'-et-er-tz) . To introduce a catheter. 

catheterostat (kath'-et-er-o-stat) [catheter; araros, 
standing]. A stand with glass tubes for holding 
sterilized catheters. 

cathion. Cation. 

cathodal (kath'-o-dal) [/card, down; 68os, way]. 
Relating to a cathode. 

cathode (kath'-od) [Kara, down; Bdos, way]. The 
negative electrode or pole of an electric circuit. 

cathodic (kath-od'-ik) [/card, down; 6Sos, way]. 
I. Relating to a cathode. 2. Proceeding downward; 
efferent or centrifugal (applied to a nerve-current or 
nerve-impulse). 

catholicon {kath-oV -ik-on) [koBoXikov, universal]. 
A universal remedy; a cure-all. 

cathypnosis (kath-ip-no'-sis) [KaOvirpwais, a fall- 
ing asleep]. Syn. of African lethargy. 

cation (kat'-e-on) [koltiov, going down]. An elec- 
tropositive element, i. e., one which passes to or is 
evolved at the cathode in electrolysis. 

cativi, cativia [Carib for manihot-root]. A skin 
disease of Central America said to be caused by an 
animal parasite, and resembling in its lesions grated 
manihot-root. 

catlin, catling {kat'-lin, kat'-ling) [dim. of cat]. 
A long, pointed, two-edged knife used in amputation. 

catnep, catnip (kat'-nep, kat'-nip) [corruption of 
catmint]. The leaves and tops of the herb Nepeta 
cataria, a stimulant and tonic; a popular remedy 
for chlorosis, hysteria, etc. Dose of fiuidextract 1-2 
dr. (4-8 Cc). 

catochus (kal'-o-kus) [k&toxos, a holding down]. 
1. Catalepsy; coma-vigil. 2. Apparent deaths trance. 

catodont (kat'-o-dont) [Kara, down; 6S6vs, tooth]. 
Possessing teeth only in the lower jaw. 

catoptric test. The diagnosis of cataract by means 
of the reflection of images from the cornea and lens- 
capsules. < 

catoptrics (kat-op'-triks) [kLtottpov, a mirror]. 
The laws of the reflection of light. 

catoptroscope (kat-op'-tro-skop) [koltotttpov, a 
mirror; aKoirelv, to examine]. An instrument for 
examining objects by reflected light. 

catoteric (kat-o-ter'-ik) [/carwrepwcos, a carrying 
downward]. A purgative or cathartic. 

catramin (kat' -rant-in). A turpentine obtained 
from Tsuga canadensis and other conifers. It is 
recommended as a stimulant, diuretic, and expector- 
ant in chronic respiratory troubles, and is used in 
tuberculosis and lupus subcutaneously and as an 
embrocation. 

cat's ear. A deformed ear similar to that of a 
cat. c.'s eye, a morbid yellowish appearance of the 
fundus of the eye. c.'s-eye pupil, an elongated pupil. 

cat's-purr. A peculiar purring bruit heard on 
auscultation, due to a defect of the mitral valve. 
Syn., Fremissement cataire. 

cattle-plague. See Rinderpest. 

catulotic (kat-ul-ot'-ik) [narovKveiv, to cause to 
cicatrize]. Promoting cicatrization. 

cauda (kaw'-dah) [L.]. 1. A tail. 2. The part 
of a muscle forming its insertion, c. cerebelli, the 
vermiform process, c. epididymidis, the inferior 
part of the epididymis, c. equina, a term applied 
collectively to the roots of the sacral and coccygeal 
nerves, from their resemblance to a horse's tail. 
c. helicis, an appendage of the cartilage of the ear 
at the union of the helix and antihelix. c. medulla? 
(of Bartholin), a collective term for the oblongata 
and spinal cord. c. muliebris, the clitoris, c. 
salax, the penis, c. striati, the narrow posterior 
portion of the caudate nucleus. 

caudad (kaw'-dad) [cauda; ad, to]. Toward the 
tail or cauda; opposed to cephalad; in man, down- 
ward. 

caudal (kaw'-dal) [cauda]. 1. Pertaining to a cauda 
or tail. 2. Referring to a position near the tail end 
of the long axis of the body. 



caudate (kaw'-dat) [cauda]. Having or resembling 
a tail. c. lobe of liver, a small lobe of the liver. 
c. nucleus, the intraventricular portion of the corpus 
striatum. 

caudation (Jzaw-da'-shun) [cauda]. 1. The con- 
dition of being furnished with a tail. 2. Elongation 
of the clitoris. 

caudatolenticular, caudolenticular (kaw-dat-o-len- 
tik'-u-lar, kaw-do-len-tik'-u-lar). Pertaining to both 
the caudate and the lenticular nuclei. 

caudatum (kaw-da'-tum). See corpus striatum. 

caudex (kaw'-deks) [L., "a tree-stem"]. 1. In 
biology, applied to the scaly, unbranching trunk of 
a palm-tree or tree-fern. 2. The main portion of 
the brain-stem, the fibers running from the spinal 
cord to the hemispheres of the brain, c. cerebri. 
See caudex (2). c. dorsalis. 1. The spinal cord. 
2. The oblongata, c. encephali, the cerebral 
peduncle, c. encephali communis, the oblongata 
and crus cerebri, c. encephali pontilis, the pons. 
c. medullaris, the cerebral peduncle. 

caudiduct (kaw'-de-dukt) [cauda, tail; ducere, to 
draw]. In biology, to draw or carry backward 
toward the tail. 

caudiferous {kaw-dif'-er-us) [cauda; ferre, to bear]. 
Having a tail or tail-like appendage. 

caudle (kaw'-dl) [ME., caudel, a warm drink]. 
A nutritious food for invalids. It is made as follows: 
Beat up an egg to a froth; add a glass of sheiry and 
half a pint of gruel. Flavor with lemon-peel, nut- 
meg, and sugar. 

caul (kawl) [ME., calle, a hood]. 1. A portion 
or all of the fetal membranes covering the head and 
carried out in advance of it in labor. 2. The great 
omentum. 

cauliflower excrescence. A tumor with an irregu- 
lar surface resembling the cauliflower. 

cauline (kaw'-lin) [ko.v\6s, a stalk]. In biology, 
of or pertaining to the stem. 

caulophyllin (kaw-lo-fil'-in) [kclvXSs, a stalk; <f>vX\ov, 
a leaf]. A resinoid precipitate from the tincture of 
caulophyllum. See caulophyllum. 

caulophyllum (kaw-lo-fil'-um) [/cauXos, stalk; <j>v\\ov, 
leaf]. Blue cohosh; "squaw-root"; the rhizome and 
rootlets of C. thalictroides, growing in Canada and 
the northern United States. It contains a glucoside, 
saponin, and two resins, one of which is caulophyllin. 
It produces intermittent contractions of the gravid 
uterus, and possesses diuretic, emmenagogue, and anti- 
spasmodic powers. There are no official prepara- 
tions. Dose of the powdered drug 5-20 gr. (0.32- 
1.3 Gm.); of caulophyllin 2-5 gr. (0.13-0.32 Gm.). 

cauloplegia (kaw-lo-ple'-je-ah) [Kav\6s, a stalk; 
7tXtj7^, a stroke]. Paralysis affecting the penis. 

caulosterin (kaw-los'-ter-in) [icav\6s, a stalk; 
crrepkos, solid], C26H44O. An aromatic compound 
occurring in the root and stem of seedlings of the 
yellow lupine which have grown in the dark. It is 
levorotary, forming lustrous plates which melt at 
iS8°-i59° C. 

cauma (kaw'-mah) [icavp,a, a burning; pi., caumata]. 
Fever; heat; pyresis; an inflammatory fever; a burn. 
c. enteritis, synonym of intestinal catarrh, acute. 

caumatic (kaw-mat'-ik) [navna, a burning]. Per- 
taining to cauma. 

caumesthesia (kaw-mes-the'-ze-ah) [Kavp.a, heat; 
aladrjais, sensation]. A condition in which a person 
experiences a sense of heat, when the temperature is 
not high. 

causalgia {kaw-sal'-je-ah) [navaos, a burning; 
&X70S, pain]. The burning pain that is sometimes 
present in injuries of the nerves. 

cause (katvz) [causa, a cause]. The sources, con- 
ditions and origins of a result. The preceding factors 
that unite to produce a given condition. Causes 
are spoken of as efficient, instrumental, final, pri- 
mary, secondary, predisposing, controlling, deter- 
mining, ultimate, exciting, etc. c, antecedent. See 
c, predisposing, c, determining, a cause that 
precipitates the action of another or other causes. 
c, efficient, c, essential, one that secures the effect 
independent of the action of other causes, c, endo- 
pathic, see c, internal, c, exciting, the immediately 
preceding and conditioning factor, c, exopathic, 
c, external, one that acts external to the organism. 
c, immediate, see c, proximate, c, internal, a 
cause acting within the organism, c, negative, one 
consisting in the absence of some prophylactic con- 
dition, c, predisponent, c, procatarctic, see c, 
predisposing, c, predisposing, that which tends to 



CAUSOMA 



201 



CEASMIC 



the development of a condition, c, primary, c, 
proximate, that one of several causes which takes 
effect last and acts with rapidity. c, remote, c, 
secondary, an ultimate cause, c, ultimate, one that 
eventually comes into play aided by a proximate 
cause, c, vital, a specific pathogenic microorganism. 

causoma (kaw-so'-mah) [navo-upa; Kaieiv, to burn; 
pi., causomata]. A burning; usually an inflammation. 

caustic (kaws'-tik) [causticum, caustic], i. Very 
irritant; burning; capable of destroying tissue. 2. A 
substance that destroys tissue, c. alkali, a pure 
alkaline hydrate or oxide, c. arrows, conical sticks 
charged with caustic material, c, lunar (argenti 
nilras fusus, U. S. P.), silver nitrate, c, metallic, 
one containing a metal or a metallic salt, c, miti- 
gated (argenti nitras miligatus, U. S. P.), silver 
nitrate made less active by fusion with potassium 
nitrate or argentic chloride, c, perpetual, fused silver 
nitrate, c. potash, potassium hydroxide, c. soda, 
sodium hydroxide. 

causticity (kaws-tis'-it-e) [naleiv, to burn]. Caus- 
tic quality; corrosiveness. 

cauter (kaw'-ter) [Kavrrjp, a burner]. A searing- 
iron or cautery-iron; any caustic application. 

cauterant (kaw'-ter-ant) [navT-qp, a burner]. 1. 
Caustic; escharotic. 2. A caustic substance. 

cauterism (kaw'-ter-izm). See cauterization. 

cauterization (kaw-ter-iz-a' -shun) [see cautery]. 
The application of a cautery; the effect of such an 
application, c, distant, that performed by holding 
the cautery at some distance from the surface 
to be cauterized, c, galvanochemical (Apostoli's), 
the destruction of the mucosa by means of electrolytic 
action, c, inherent, deep cauterization by means 
of the actual cautery, c, Neapolitan, deep cauter- 
ization through an incision, c, objective. See 
c, distant, c. by points, c, punctate, deep cauter- 
ization with a pointed cautery, c, slow, that per- 
formed with moxa. c, subcutaneous, deep cauteriza- 
tion by injection of caustics or by inclosing the 
cautery in a tube so as not to affect the superficial 
parts, c, tubular, Tripier's operation of charring 
the walls of an opening made into a cyst by means 
of an instrument connected with the negative pole 
of a battery. 

cauterize (kaw'-ler-iz) [see cautery]. To sear or 
burn with a cautery or a caustic. 

cautery (kaw'-ter-e) [navT-ripLov, a branding-iron]. 
A metal instrument heated by the electric current 
or in a flame, used to destroy tissue or for producing 
counterirritation. Syn., inustorium. c, actual, the 
white-hot iron, c, button-, an iron heated in hot 
water, c, ' galvanic, a platinum wire heated by 
electricity, c, nummular, a cautery iron fitted with 
a coin-shaped disc, c, Paquelin's. See Paquelin's 
cautery, c, potential, c, virtual, the application of 
caustic substances, c, solar, a lens for concentrating 
the rays of the sun upon a part to be cauterized. 
c, steam. See atmocausis. c, thermo-. See ther- 
mocautery. 

cava (ka'-vah) [L.]. 1. A vena cava. 2. Any 
external cavity or hollow of the body. 

caval (ka'-val) [cava]. 1. Relating to a vena cava. 
2. Hollow. 

cavalry-bone (kav'-al-re-bon). A bony deposit in 
the adductor muscles of the thigh. 

cavascope (kav'-a-skop) [cava; aKowelv, to view]. 
An apparatus for illuminating a cavity. 

cavern (kav'-ern) [caverna, a hollow]. A cavity in 
the lung due to necrosis of the parenchyma; also the 
cavity of a dilated bronchus, c, brand, one due to 
gangrenous destruction of a circumscribed segment 
of the lung parenchyma. 

cavernitis (kav-er-ni'-tis). Inflammation of the 
corpora cavernosa. 

cavernoma (kav-ern-o' -mah) [cavern; bpa, a tumor]. 
A cavernous tumor; a cavernous angioma. 

cavernosum (kav-ur-no' -sum) . The corpus caver- 
nosum. 

cavernous (kav'-er-nus) [cavern]. Having hollow 
spaces, c. angioma, an angioma filled with blood- 
spaces, c. bodies, the corpora cavernosa of the 
penis, c. breathing, the breath-sounds heard over a 
pulmonary cavity, c. groove, the carotid groove. 
c. plexus. See plexus, cavernous, c. sinus, a venous 
sinus situated at the side of the body of the sphenoid. 
c. tissue, erectile tissue, c. tumor, a cavernous 
angioma. 

caviar, or caviare (kav-e-ar') [Fr.]. The salted 
hard roe of the sturgeon and other large fish. 



cavitary (kav'-it-a-re) [cavitarius, hollow]. Hollow; 
having, or forming cavities. Applied to any nema- 
tode worm; any intestinal worm that has a body- 
cavity; a worm that is not anenterous. 

cavitas (kav'-it-as) [L.]. A hollow, a cavity, c. 
cochleata. See duct, spinal, c. glenoidalis, the 
glenoid cavity, c. pulpae, the pulp-cavity of a 
tooth. See dental cavity. 

Cavite fever (kav-e-ta 1 ). An acute contagious 
disease confined almost exclusively to Cavite naval 
station in the Philippines. It is marked by sudden 
onset, high temperature, severe muscular pain, and 
extremely tender and painful eyeballs, the incu- 
bation period varying from two days to two weeks. 

cavitis (ka-vi'-tis) [cava; iris, inflammation]. 
Inflammation of a vena cava; celophlebitis. 

cavity (kav'-it-e) [cavum]. A hollow. See under 
abdominal, amniotic, cotyloid, glenoid, pulp, and 
serous, c, ankyroid, the descending cornu of the 
lateral ventricle, cavities, cerebral, the ventricles 
of the brain, c, cotyloid, the acetabulum, c, 
cranial, the hollow of the skull, c, epiploic, the 
omentum, c, nasal, the nasal fossa, c, oral, that 
of the mouth. Syn., cavum oris; spatium oris. 
c, pleural, the closed space of the pleura included 
between its parietal and visceral layers, c, pleuro- 
peritoneal, the celom or body-cavity, c, preperi- 
toneal. See Retzius' space, c, sigmoid, one of two 
depressions on the head of the ulna for articulation 
with the radius and humerus. 

cavo-valgus (ka'-vo-val'-gus) [cavus, hollow; valgus, 
bow-legged]. Cavus combined with valgus. See 
clubfoot. 

cavus (ka'-vus) [L.]. 1. A hollow; a cavity. 
2. Talipes arcuatus; hollow-foot. 

cavum (ka'-vum) [L.]. Any hollow or cavity, 
normal or pathological, c. abdominis, the cavity of 
the abdomen, c. articulare, joint cavity, c. con- 
chae, the deepest part of the concave surface of the 
concha, c. denris, the pulp-cavity of a tooth, c. 
epidurale, epidural cavity, c. laryngis, cavity of 
larynx, c. Meckelii. See Meckel's cavity, c. medi- 
astinale anterius, anterior mediastinal cavity, c. 
mediastinale posterius, posterior mediastinal cavity. 
c. medullare, the medullary canal of bones, c. nasi, 
nasal cavity, c. oris proprius, the cavity of the mouth 
proper, c. pelvis, pelvic cavity, c. pericardii, the 
pericardial cavity, c. peritonaei, the peritoneal 
cavity, c. pharyngis, cavity of pharynx, c. pleurae, 
the pleural cavity, c. Retzii. See Retzius's space. 
c. septi, the embryonal fifth ventricle of the brain. 
c. septi pellucidi, cavity of septum pellucidum, the 
fifth ventricle, c. subarachnoideale, the subarach- 
noid space, c. thoracis, thoracic cavity, c. sub- 
durale, the subdural space, the interval between 
the dura mater and the arachnoid, c. thoracis, 
thoracic cavity, c. tympani, the tympanic cavity. 
c. uteri, the cavity of the uterus. 

cayaponine (ka-ap'-o-nen) [Cayaponia, Brazilian 
name]. An alkaloid extracted from Cayaponia 
globosa, a cucurbitaceous plant of Brazil. It is said 
to purge without griping. Dose 1 gr. (0.06 Gm.). 

Cayenne pepper (ki'-en). See capsicum. 

Cazenave's lupus (kaz-ndv') [P. L. A. Cazenave, 
French dermatologist, 1795-1877]- Lupus erythe- 
matosus. C.'s vitiligo. See Celsus' area. 

Cb. Chemical symbol of columbium. 

Cc, c.c. Abbreviations of cubic centimeter. « 

C.C.C. Abbreviation of cathodal closure con- 
traction; also written CaCC. 

c.cm. Abbreviation for cubic centimeter; more 
frequently written c.c. 

CCTe. Abbreviation for cathodal closure tetanus. 

Cd. Chemical symbol of cadmium. 

Ce. Chemical symbol of cerium. 

ceanothin (se-an-o' -thin) . 1. A brown powder 
obtained from Ceanothus americanus. It is purgative 
and alterative, and is used in syphilis, dysentery, 
and sore throat. Dose 1-2 gr. (0.065-0.13 Gm.). 
2. A resinoid isolated from Ceanothus americanus; 
slightly soluble in alcohol and ether. 

cearin (se'-ar-in). An ointment-base consisting 
of carnauba wax, 1 part; paraffin, 3 parts, melted 
together and mixed with 4 times its weight of liquid 
petrolatum. 

ceasma (se-az'-mah) Ueaap-a, a chip; pi., ceasmata]. 
A splinter; a fissured state. 

ceasmic (se-az'-mik) [iceaapa., a chip]. Fissured; 
remaining in the primitive fissured state of the 
embryo. 



CEBOCEPHALIA 



202 



CELIOPARACENTESIS 



cebocephalia (se-bo-sef-a'-le-ah) [ktjPos, a kind of 
monkey; Kecpu\r), the head]. The condition of being 
cebocephalic. 

cebocephalic (se-bo-sef-al'-ik) [icf/Pos, a kind of 
monkey; Ke<j>a\r], the head]. Of the nature or 
appearance of a cebocephalus. 

cebocephalus (se-bo-sef'-al-us) [ktjPos, a monkey; 
Ke<pa\rj, head]. A variety of single autositic mon- 
sters of the species Cyclocephalus, in which there is 
entire absence of the nose, with, however, two 
orbital cavities and two eyes, the region between the 
eyes being narrow and perfectly flat. 

cebur (se'-bur). See balsam, Tagulaway. 

cecal (se'-kal) [cecum], i. Pertaining to the cecum. 

2. Ending in a cul-de-sac. 

cecectomy (se-sek'tom-e) [cecum; 7-0/117, a cutting]. 
Excision of the cecum. 

cecitas (se'-sit-as) [L.]. Blindness. 

cecitis (se-si'-tis) [cecum; wis, inflammation]. 
Inflammation of the cecum; typhlitis. 

cecity (ses'-it-e) [ccecus, blind]. Blindness. 

cecocele (se'-ko-sel) [cecum; kt/Xt/, hernia]. A 
hernia into the cecum. Syn., typhlocele. 

cecograph (se'-ko-graf) [ccecus, blind; ypa<pei.v, to 
write]. A writing-machine for the use of the blind. 

cecopexy (se'-ko-peks-e) [cecum; 7r^ts, fixation]. 
Fixation of the cecum by a surgical operation. 

cecoplication (se-ko-pli-ka'-shun). An operation 
for the relief of dilated cecum, consisting in taking 
folds in its wall. 

cecoptosis (se-kop-to'-sis) [cecum; irT&cns, a falling]. 
A downward displacement of the cecum. 

cecosigmoidostomy (se-ko-sig-moid-os'-to-me) (ce- 
cum; sigmoid; arop-a, a mouth]. The making of an 
anastomosis between the cecum and sigmoid. 

cecostomy (se-kos'-to-me) [cecum; ardfia, a mouth]. 
The formation of an artificial anus in the cecum. 

cecum, csecum (se' kum) [ccecus, blind]. The large 
blind pouch or culdesac in which the large intestine 
begins, c. mobile, abnormal mobility of the cecum, 
so that it can be pushed up out of its normal situa 
tion. 

cecutiency (se-ku'-shen-se) [ccecutire, to become 
blind]. Tendency to, or the commencement Of, 
blindness. 

cedar (se'-dar) [cedrus, cedar]. One of the genus 
of coniferous trees, Cedrus. c.-oil, a transparent oil 
obtained from Juniperus virginiana, and used as a 
clearing agent in histology and for oil-immersion 
lenses. 

Cedrela (sed'-re-lah) [/ceSpeXdr^, a cedar-fir tree]. 
A genus of trees found in tropical regions and allied 
to mahogany, c. febrifuga, of Southern Asia; 
c. odorata, bastard cedar, of tropical America (see 
Cailcedra). c. rosmarinus, of Indo-China, and 
c. toona, of India, are among the species that afford 
active medicines. 

cedrene (se'-dren) [cedrus, cedar], C15H24. A vola- 
tile liquid hydrocarbon found in oil of red cedar (see 
Juniperus virginiana), oil of cloves and oil of cubebs. 
c. camphor, C15H26O, a camphor that separates from 
the oil of red cedar. 

cedrin (se'-drin) [cedrus, cedar]. A bitter crystal- 
line substance obtained from cedron. 

cedron (se'-dron) [cedrus, cedar]. The seeds of 
C. simaba, a popular external remedy in tropical 
America for the bites of venomous insects and 
serpents, and of reputed value in malarial fevers. 
Dose of the fluidextract nj> j-viij. 

ceke (the'-ke). A Fiji term for elephantiasis of the 
scrotum. 

Cel. Abbreviation for Celsius, scale of thermo- 
meter. 

celandine (sel'-an-den). See chelidonium. 

celarium, ccelarium (se-la'-re-um). The epithelium 
of the celom. 

celastrine (se-las'-tren). 1. Mosso's name for a 
poisonous alkaloid obtained from the leaves of 
Catha edulis; it resembles caffeine physiologically, 
though more energetic and differing essentially from 
it. Syn., kathine. 2. A bitter principle found by 
Dragendorff in the leaves of Celastrus serratus. 

3. A substance forming minute white crystals found 
by Wayne in Celastrus scandens. 

Celastrus (sel-as'-trus) [/^Xao-rpos, an evergreen 
tree]. A genus of trees and shrubs, nearly allied to 
Euonymus. C. paniculatus is a climbing shrub of 
India; the oil from the seeds (oleum nigrum) is a 
powerful stimulant and diaphoretic in gout and 
fever. C. scandens, of North America, is cathartic, 



diuretic, and alterative. C. serratus is a native of 
Abyssinia; the leaves are used in malaria; they con- 
tain tannin, a bitter principle, celastrin, and a vola- 
tile oil. 

celation (sel-a'-shun) [celatio, a hiding]. The 
concealment of illness, of a birth, or of pregnancy. 

cele (sel) [koi\Icl, cavity]. An encephalic cavity; 
used instead of ventricle. 

-cele (sel) [K17X77, a tumor]. A suffix denoting a 
tumor, or swelling, or hernia. 

celenteron (se-len'-ter-on). Same as archenteron, 
q. v. 

celerina (sel-e-ri'-nah). A proprietary remedy 
said to contain celery, black haw, coca and kola. 

celery (sel'-er-e) [aeKivov, a kind of parsley]. 
The stalk of Apium graveolens, or common garden 
celery. It contains apiol, q. v. It is reputed to be 
antispasmodic and nervine. Dose indefinite, c. 
seed, used to cover the taste of other drugs. 

celia (se'-le-ah) [/coiXia, belly]. 1. The belly; the 
stomach. 2. A ventricle of the brain. 

celiac (se'-le-ak) [celia]. Abdominal; pertaining 
to the belly, c. artery. Same as c. axis. c. axis, 
a branch of the abdominal aorta; it divides into the 
gastric, hepatic, and splenic arteries. See under 
artery, c. disease, a form of chronic indigestion 
generally occurring in children under five years of 
age, and characterized by offensive diarrhea, c. 
ganglion. See ganglion, semilunar, c. passion, pain- 
ful diarrhea, or dysentery, c. plexus, a sympathetic 
nerve-plexus situated about the origin of the celiac 
axis. 

celiaca (se-li'-ak-ah) [noChla, the abdomen]. 
Diseases of the abdominal organs. 

celiacomesenteric (se-le-ak-o-mez-en-ter'-ik). Re- 
lating to the celiac and mesenteric regions. 

celiadelphus (se-le-ad-el'-fus) [ztoiXfa, belly; &8e\<f>6s, 
brother]. A monstrosity having two bodies joined 
at the abdomen. 

celiagra (se-le-ag'-rah) [koiKLo., belly; &ypa, seizure]. 
Abdominal gout. 

celialgia (se-le-aV -je-ah) [celia; &\yos, pain]. Pain 
in the abdomen. 

celian, celine (se'-le-an, se'-lin). Same as celiac. 

celianeurysm (se-le-an' -u-rizm) [celia; ivexjpvapLa, 
a widening]. An abdominal aneurysm. 

celiectasia (se-le-ek-ta'-zeah) [celia; Iktoo-is, a 
stretching-out]. Abnormal distention of the ab- 
dominal cavity. 

celiectomy (se-le-ek'-to-me) [celia; iKrofirj, a cut- 
ting]. Excision of an abdominal organ. 

celiemia (se-le-e'-mc-ah) [celia; aljua, blood]. 
Hyperemia of the abdominal viscera. 

celiitis, cqeliitis (se-le-i'-tis) [celia; ins, inflamma- 
tion]. Inflammation of the abdominal organs. 

celiocele, coeliocele (se'-le-o-sel) [celia; kt/Xtj, a 
hernia]. Abdominal hernia. 

celiocentesis, cceliocentesis (se-le-o-sen-te'-sis) 
[koiKLo., belly; nevrfiais, puncture]. Puncture of the 
abdomen. 

celiocyesis (se-le-o-si-e'-sis) [noikta, belly; kvt/o-is, 
pregnancy]. Abdominal extra-uterine gestation. 

celiodynia, cceliodynia (se-le-o-din'-e-ah) [celia; 
bbbv-q, pain]. Pain in the abdomen. 

ceiiogastrotomy (se-le-o-gas-trot'-o-me) [celia; 
yaarrip, stomach; ropA\, cutting]. The opening of the 
stomach through abdominal incision. 

celiohemia, cceliohsemia. See celiemia. 

celiohysterectomy (se-le-o-his-ter-ek'-to-me) [celia; 
iffrepa, womb; I/crop.^, a cutting out]. 1. Excision 
of the uterus through an abdominal cut. 2. Porro- 
cesarean section. 

celiohysterotomy (se-le-o-his-ter-ot'-o-me). 1. Same 
as cesarean section, q. v. 2. Incision of the uterus 
through an abdominal cut. 

celiolymph (se'-le-o-limf) [noiKta, a cavity; lympha, 
water]. The cerebro-spinal fluid" 

celiomyalgia (se-le-o-mi-aV -je-ah) [/coiXia, belly; 
p.0s, muscle; &X70S, pain]. Pain in the abdominal 
muscles. 

celiomyitis, cceliomyitis (se-le-o-mi-i'-tis) [celia; 
p.v%, muscle; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of 
the muscles of the abdomen. 

celiomyodynia, cceliomyodynia (sele-o-mi-o-din'- 
e-ah). See celiomyalgia. 

celioncus (se-le-ong'-kus) [/coiXia, the belly; oyKos, 
a swelling]. A tumor of the abdomen. 

celioparacentesis (se-le-o-par-ah-sen-te'-sis) [koiXi'o, 
belly; paracentesis]. Tapping, or paracentesis of the 
abdomen. 



CELIOPYOSIS 



203 



CELL 



celiopyosis (se-le-o-pi-o'-sis) [/coiXi'a, belly; ttiWis, 
a suppuration]. Suppuration in the abdominal 
cavity. 

celiorrhea (se-le-or-e'-ah) [/coiXia, the belly; peeiv, 
to flow]. Diarrhea. 

celioschisis (se-le-os'-kis-is). [celia; <rxi'<m, fissure] 
Congenital abdominal fissure. 

celioscope (se'-le-o-skop) [koXXos, a hollow; <jkottzIv, 
to examine]. An apparatus for illuminating and 
inspecting body-cavities. 

celioscopy, ccelioscopy (se-le-os'-ko-pe). Kelling's 
method of examining the peritoneal cavity by filling 
it with sterile filtered air through a hollow needle, 
plunging a trocar through the distended abdominal 
wall, and passing through the trocar a cystoscope by 
means of which the adjacent peritoneal surface may 
be inspected. 

celiotomy (se-le-ot'-o-me) [celia; tow, a cutting]. 
Surgical opening of the abdominal cavity. 

celitis (se-li'-tis) [KoCKla, belly; ins, inflamma- 
tion]. Inflammation of the abdominal organs. 

cell (sel) [celia, a small, hollow cavity], i. A 
granular mass of protoplasm containing a nucleus. 
The typical adult cell consists of protoplasm or 
cell-contents, a nucleus, and, within the latter, one 
or more nucleoli. The cell may or may not have a 
cell-wall. The protoplasm consists of two parts — 
the spongioplasm and the hyaloplasm. The nucleus 
is made up of a nuclear membrane, nuclear fibrils 
(chromatin), and nuclear matrix (achromatin) . The 
nucleolus is a highly refracting body the function of 
which is not known. 2. A galvanic element or single 
member of a galvanic battery without the connecting 
wire between the metals, c, acid. Same as c, 
adelomorphous, c, acidophil, one which attracts acid 
dyes. Syn., oxyphil cell. c.s, adelomorphous, 
epithelial cells composing the chief part of the lining 
of the glands of the stomach, particularly the pyloric 
region. They are supposed to secrete pepsinogen. 
Syn., central cell; peptic cell, c, adventitial. 1. A 
branched cell peculiar to the perithelium. 2. A stel- 
late cell of the membrana propria of glands, c, air-. 
See air-cell, c.s, amacrine, spongioblasts of the 
inner nuclear layer of the retina; they lack long pro- 
cesses, though sometimes axis-cylinder processes are 
given off which may extend into the nerve-fiber layer. 
The bodies of these cells are often partly in the 
nner molecular layer, c, ameboid, a cell capable of 
changing its form and of moving about like an 
ameba. c, apolar, a nerve-cell without processes. 
c. basket, a neuron from whose axis cylinder there 
project fibrils which surround another cell, c, 
beaker-. See c, goblet-, c, binary nerve-, two 
pyriform nerve-cells contained in a single sheath and 
each provided at its pointed end with a single nerve- 
fiber; these radiate in opposite directions, c.-body, 
the mass of a cell, c, bone-. See osteoblast, c, 
brush-. See Deiters' cells, c.s, calcigerous. 1. Cells 
containing earthy salts found in dentine. 2. Mueller 
and Henle's name for the lacunae of bone and their 
canaliculi. c.-capsule, a thick or unusually strong 
cell-wall, c, central. Same as c, adelomorphous. 
c.s, centroacinar, c.s, centroacinous, little cellular 
masses found by Robert Langerhans in the inter- 
stitial connective tissue of the pancreas. Syn., 
Langerhans' islets; Renaut's follicular points, c, 
chromatophore, a cavity directly beneath the epi- 
dermis containing pigment and changing its shape 
and color by means of attached radiating muscular 
bands, c, ciliated, one provided with cilia, c, 
cleavage, a segmentation-cell, c, columnar, one 
of the elongated cells forming columnar epithelium. 
c.s, commissural. Same as c, heteromeral. c.-cones, 
the cancer-nests of a squamous epithelioma — so 
called from their conical shape, c, constant, the 
galvanic element of a constant battery, c. of Corti. 
See Corti's cell, c.-cover, the cuticular layer, c, 
cover-. See c, tegmental, c, cylindrical, a variety 
of epithelial cell shaped like a miniature cylinder. 
c, cytochrome, a nerve-cell having a cell-body very- 
small in proportion to its nucleus, c, daughter-, 
a cell originating from the division of the protoplasm 
of a mother-cell, c.s, decidual, a proliferation of 
young connective-tissue cells above the uterine glands 
taking place after the ovum is impregnated, c. of 
Deiters. See Deiters' cells, c.s, delomorphous, 
Rollet's name for granular cells which stain deeply, 
occurring next the basement-membrane in the glands 
of the stomach in the cardiac region. They are 
supposed to secrete acid, c.s, demilune, granular 



protoplasmic cells found in mucous glands, lying 
between the mucous cells and the basement-mem- 
brane. Syn., cells of Gianuzzi. c, dentine, c, denti- 
nal. 1. An odontoblast. 2. One of the lacunae in 
dentine similar to those in bone. 3. One of the 
bodies forming the matrix- in dentine, c.-division. 
See karyokinesis. c.-doctrine, the theory that the 
cell is the unit of organic structure, and that cell- 
formation is the essential process of life and its 
phenomena, c, elementary, an embryonic cell; 
also a leukocyte, c, embryo, c, embryonic, one 
arising from the division of the ovum. Syn., ele- 
mentary cell; formative cell; primary cell; primitive 
cell; primordial cell, c.s, embryoplastic, cells origi- 
nating from the mesoblast and becoming stellate or 
fusiform; they comprise the fixed connective-tissue 
corpuscles in developing connective tissue. Syn., 
fibroplastic bodies or cells, c.s, endothelial, flat cells 
found on the inner surface of vessels and spaces 
that do not communicate directly with the external 
air. c.j epidermic, c, epithelial. See epithelium. 
c, epithelioid, one of the flattened cells forming an 
epithelial or endothelial covering in forms of mem- 
branous connective tissue, c.s, ethmoid, the cellular 
cavities of the lateral masses of the ethmoid bone. 
Syn., ethmoid sinuses, c, external ciliated. See 
Corti's cell, c, fiber-, a cell elongated into a fiber. 
c, fibriUated. 1. See Heidenhain's rods. 2. One 
of the fibrillated cells lining the interlobular ducts of 
the salivary glands, c.-fission, cell-division, c.s, 
follicular. 1. Those of which the membrana granu- 
losa is composed. 2. See Sertoli's columns, c, 
formative. Same as c, embryonic, c.s, Foule's. See 
Foule's cells, c, fusiform, a spindle-cell, c, 
ganglion-, a large nerve-cell, especially that found 
in the spinal ganglia, c, ger min al, an epiblastic 
cell from which a neurone is derived, c, giant-, 
large multinuclear cells occurring in tuberculosis and 
other infectious granulomata, in bone, in giant-cell 
tumors, etc. c. of Gianuzzi. See c.s, demilune. 
c.s, glia-, neuroglia, c.-globulins, Halliburton's 
name for forms of globulin that occur in lymph- 
corpuscles and can be extracted from them by solu- 
tions of sodium chloride, c, goblet-, an epithelial 
cell that has been bulged out like a goblet by the 
presence of mucin, c.s, Golgi's. See Colgi's cells. 
c, Grove. See Grove's cell, c, guard. See guard. 
c, gustatory, a taste cell, c, hair. See hair, c, 
hecateromeric, c, hecatomeral, a nerve-cell of the 
cinerea of the spinal cord whose processes divide into 
two, one going to each side of the cord, c, heckle, 
a prickle-cell, c.s, Heidenhain's. 1. See c.s, delo- 
morphous. 2. See c.s, adelomorphous, c, hetero- 
meral, c, heteromeric, a nerve-cell in the cinerea 
of the spinal cord, the axons of which pass through 
one of the commissures and enter the white matter 
of the other side of the cord. Syn., commissural cell. 
c, histogenetic wandering, a migratory connective- 
tissue cell or glandular cell; a wandering cell that is 
not a leukocyte, c.s, horn-, c.s, horny, those com- 
prising the stratum corneum of the epidermis; they 
are homogeneous cells containing keratin, and are 
modified to form nails, hoofs, hair, etc. c.s, imbri- 
cated, those overlapping like roof -tiles, c, indiffer- 
ent, a cell found in the walls the neural tube, c- 
islets, the centers of most active growth in young 
cellular tissues. They contain the stores of nutri- 
ment that are gradually dissolved and digested. 
c.s, v. Koelliker's. See v. Koelliker's cell, c.s, v. 
Koelliker's tract-. See v. Koelliker's tract-cells. 
c.s, liver-, nucleated polyhedral or spheroidal cells 
containing granules of glycogen and pigment and 
more or less fat, forming the glandular substance of 
the liver, c, locomotive, one endowed with power 
of movement, especially a ciliated cell, c, lymphoid, 
a small, round, connective-tissue cell containing a 
relatively large nucleus, c, marrow, an osteoblast. 
c.s, mast-, leukocytes containing coarse basophile 
granules. They are occasionally present in the 
peripheral circulation as the result of certain patho- 
logical influences, but are totally foreign to the normal 
blood of man. They are commonly found in the 
splenomedullary type of leukemia. The granules of 
the mast-cell show an intense affinity for basic 
aniline dyes, toward which they react metachro- 
matically. In view of their distinctive behavior 
toward selective stains for mucin, Harris suggests for 
the mast-cell the term mucinoblast. c, mastoid, one 
of the hollow air-spaces in the structure of the mastoid 
process, c.s, medullary. 1. Marrow-cells. 2. The 



CELL 



204 



CELLULITIS 



ameboid cells of cartilage-bone. C, mother-, a cell 
that divides its protoplasm and gives each part 
a new cell-wall, c, motor, a nerve-cell generating 
impulses, c, mucin-, c, mucous, c, mucus-, a cell 
which secretes mucus, particularly a kind of salivary 
cell secreting mucus, but no albumin, c.-multi- 
plication, cytogenesis, a name given to the process of 
reproduction of cells. It may be direct, as when a 
cell constricts and cuts off a part of itself, or indirect, 
when the division is preceded by the cycle of nuclear 
changes known as karyokinesis. c.s, muscle-, a 
general term for cells the substance of which is 
contractile, c, myeloid, i. See myeloplax. 2. Ap- 
plied, from its resemblance to a cell of the red marrow 
of bone, to one of the oval multinuclear cells of mye- 
loid tumors, c, naked, one unprovided with a cell- 
wall, c.-nests, a collection of epithelial cells closely 
packed together and surrounded by a connective- 
tissue stroma. Cell-nests are found in carcinoma. 
c, neuroglia, one of the cells of the neuroglia; flat, 
round cells, especially numerous about blood-vessels 
and the pia mater, c, neutrophil. See c, acidophil. 
■c., nuclear, a nucleated dendritic nerve-cell, c, 
nucleated, a cell containing one or more nuclei. 
Syn., karyota. c.-nucleus, the cytoblast; the areola. 
•c.s, oxyntic. See c.s, delomorphous. c, oxyphil. 
See c, acidophil, c.s, palatine, the cells formed 
by the junction of the palatine and ethmoid bones, 
c, parietal. Same as c, delmorphous. c, peptic. 
Same as c, adelomorphous, c, pigmented, one 
containing granules of pigment, c, pillar, a peculiar 
S-shaped cell with a striated body, found in the 
organ of Corti. c.s, plasma-. 1. (Of Unna.) 
Cubic or rhombic cells, the protoplasm of which 
stains deeply with methylene-blue, while the nucleus, 
which has usually an eccentric situation, is readily 
decolorized (by creosote or styrone). They are 
probably derived from lymphocytes, and play an 
important part in inflammatory reactions, especially 
in granulomatous processes. 2. (Of Waldeyer.) 
Nucleated cells of varying size and shape, with 
voluminous, coarsely granular protoplasm, found in 
connective tissue, especially about the blood-vessels. 
c.-plate. 1. The equatorial plate in which division 
of the nucleus occurs during karyokinesis. 2. (Of 
Strasburger.) The equatorial thickening of the 
spindle-fibers from which the septum arises during 
the mitosis of plant-cells, c.-plate, subendothelial, 
a small granular cell of unknown function occurring 
in the intima of blood-vessels, c, polar. See under 
polar, c, porous. 1. One containing an opening 
in the side. 2. A porous jar containing one of the 
liquids of a galvanic battery, c, prickle-. See 
prickle-cell, c, primary. 1. An embryonic cell. 
2. Any undifferentiated cell, c, protective. See 
c, tegmental, c.s, pseudoplasma, cells found in 
normal human spleen and differing from plasma-cells 
in that they are larger, and possess twisted nuclei 
which do not present the characteristic chromatin 
arrangement. They appear to be a variety of large 
mononuclear leukocyte, the protoplasm of which has 
become basophilic, c.s, Ranvier's. See Ranvier's 
cells, c, roof. 1. See c, tegmental. 2. One found 
on the convexity formed by the junction of the two 
rows of arches in the organ of Corti. c, salivary, 
one of those forming the lining of the alveoli of 
the salivary glands, c.-sap, the more fluid part of 
the cell-contents, c, sarcogenic, an embryonic 
cell which develops into a muscular fiber, c, seg- 
mentation. See blastomere. c.s, sense-, c.s, sen- 
sory, those adapted for the reception and trans- 
mission of sensory impressions, c.s, sensory epi- 
thelial, modified epithelial cells in an organ of sense 
connected with the fibrils of the nerves of that organ. 
c, sensory nerve-, a nerve-cell the axis-cylinder pro- 
cess of which is supposed to be continued as a sensory 
nerve, c, septate, one with a septum across its 
lumen, c, serous fat-, a fat-cell occurring in emaci- 
ated individuals, in which the fat is reduced to a few 
small globules and in its place there is a pale proto- 
plasm mixed with a mucoid fluid; the cell is no longer 
spherical, c, simple, one which has not undergone 
differentiation, c, sister-, one formed simul- 
taneously with another in the division of a mother- 
cell, c, Sorby tubercular. See Sorby's cell, c- 
spaces. See Recklinghausen's canals, c., sperm, 
a spermatozoon; a spermatoblast, c, spider-. See 
Deiters' cells, c, spindle-, a cell having a fusiform 
shape, c, spiral fiber-, a motor cell of the heart, 
having a spiral fiber coiled around a larger straight 



one. These separate, after a short distance, pro- 
ceeding in different directions. The cell constantly 
disengages the excitation which the spiral fiber 
transmits to the heart-muscle. Syn., Beale's cell; 
spiral fiber ganglion-cell, c.s, splanchnic, those of the 
splanchnic layer of the mesoderm, c.s, squamous, a 
variety of epithelial cells found on the surface of the 
skin and certain mucous membranes and charac- 
terized by their scale-like flatness, c.-stations, cells 
in the sympathetic ganglion around which the nerve- 
fibers arborize, c, sterile, one occurring in a repro- 
ductive organ, but not participating in reproductive 
processes, c.s, Stilling's. See Sailing's cells, c.s, 
stroma, those forming the mass of an organ, c, 
swarm, a naked ciliated cell, c, sympathetic, a 
nerve-cell of the sympathetic nervous system as 
distinguished from one of the cerebrospinal system. 
c, tapetal, c, tapetum, one which forms or aids 
others in forming an investment over an organ. 
c, taste, a spindle-shaped cell in taste-buds, c, 
tegmental, one covering and protecting another cell 
of special function, as, e. g., those forming the outer 
layer of the taste-buds. Syn., cover-cell, c.-theory, 
the doctrine that cell-formation is the essential 
biogenetic element, c, twin, a single cell resulting 
from the fusion of two cells, c, two-fluid, a galvanic 
element in which two fluids are used, c, vasofactive, 
c, vasoformative, a cell that anastomoses with other 
similar cells so as to form blood-vessels, c.s, vortex, 
Meyer's term for cortex cells which show a peculiar 
whorl-like and very regular arrangement of the 
chromophilic material, c.-wall, the membrane 
surrounding a cell, c, wandering, a leukocyte. 
c, whip-, a cell furnished with flagella. c, zinc- 
carbon, a galvanic cell in which zinc and carbon are 
the two elements employed, c, zinc-copper, a 
galvanic cell in which zinc and copper are the elements 
employed. 

cella (sel'-ah) [L.]. 1. A cell. 2. A portion of 
the paracele extending caudad from the porta. 
c. lateralis, the lateral ventricle of the brain, or one 
of its cornua. c. media, the central cornu of the 
lateral ventricle, or that part of the ventricle whence 
the cornua extend, c, turcica. See sella turcica. 
c. of Wilder. Same as c. media. 

cellasin (sel'-as-iri). Trade name of a ferment 
which is said to split sugar, starch, fat and peptone. 

celliferous (sel-if'-er-us) [cella, cell; ferre, to bear]. 
Producing, forming, or bearing cells. 

celloid (sel'-oid) [cella, a cell; eUos, form]. Re- 
sembling a cell. 

celloidin (sel-oid'-in) [cell; elSos, form]. A con- 
centrated form of collodion for use in embedding 
objects for histological purposes. 

cellotropin {sel-ot'-ro-pin). Monobenzoyl arbutin, 
obtained from the action of benzoyl chloride upon 
arbutin in neutral solution. Used in the treatment 
of tuberculosis and scrofula. 

cellula (sel'-u-lah). See cellule. 

cellular (sel'-u-lar) [cella, cell]. Relating to or 
composed of cells, c. cartilage, cartilage composed 
mainly of large cells, with but little intercellular 
substance, c. membrane, c. tissue, areolar tissue; 
bony connective tissue; cancellous tissue, c. path- 
ology. See pathology, cellular, c. therapy, the name 
applied by Aulde to the method in therapeutics of 
exhibiting properly-selected medicaments with a 
view to restoration of cell-function. It aims to 
apply scientifically those remedies that experience 
has shown to possess special curative properties in 
the restoration of disordered functions. 

cellule (sel'-iil) [cellula, a small cell]. A small 
cell. 

cellulic {sel'-u-lik). Relating to cells; derived from 
cell-walls by action of acids or alkalies. 

cellulicidal (sel-u-lis' -id-al) [cellule; ccedere, to 
kill]. Destructive to cells. 

celluliferous (sel-u-lif-er-us) [cellula, a little cell; 
ferre, to bear]. In biology, producing small cells. 

cellulifugal (sel-u-lif'-u-gal) [cellule; fugere, to flee]. 
Pertaining to the transmission of impulses from a 
nerve-cell. 

cellulipetal {sel-u-lip' -e-tal) [cellule; petere, to seek]. 
Relating to the transmission of impulses toward a 
nerve-cell. 

cellulitis (sel-u-li'-tis) [cellule; ins, inflammation], 
a diffuse inflammation of cellular tissue. Syn., 
ethmyphytis. c, ischiorectal, inflammation of the 
cellular tissue lying below the anal levator muscle 
or anal fascia, c, pelvic. See parametritis, c, 



CELLULOADIPOSE 



205 



CENTER 



pneumococcous, that due to the invasion of pneu- 
mococci. 

celluloadipose {sel-u-lo-ad' -ip-oz) . Relating to 
loose connective tissue containing fat-cells. 

cellulocutaneous (sel-u-lo-ku-ta'-ne-us) [cellule; 
cutis, skin]. Relating to cellular tissue and the skin. 

cellulofibrinous {sel-u-lo-fi'-brin-us). Both cellular 
and fibrinous. 

celluloid {sel'-u-loid) [cellula, a little cell; eiSos, 
form]. A product of the action of camphor upon 
pyroxylin. 

cellulosa {sel-u-lo'-sah) [L.]. A cellular coat. 
c. chorioideae, the external layer of the choroid coat 
of the eye. 

cellulose {sel'-u-los) [cellule], C12H20O10. Wood- 
fiber; lignose, the principal ingredient of the cell- 
membranes of all plants. It is a white, amorphous 
mass, insoluble in most of the usual solvents, c, 
reagent for. See Schultze, Schweitzer. 

cellulosity {sel-u-los'-e-te). The condition of being 
cellular. 

celology {sel-ol'-o-je) [^77X77, hernia; X670S, science]. 
That branch of surgical science that treats of hernia. 

celom, celoma {se'-lom, se-lo'-mah) [wiXwjua, a 
cavity]. The embryonic body-cavity. 

celophlebitis {se-lo-fle-bi'-tis) [koIXos, hollow; 
<t>\e\//, vein; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of a 
vena cava. 

celophthalmia {se-loff-thal' -me-ah) [noTKos, hollow; 
dipdaX/jLos, eye]. Hollowness of the eyes. 

celoscope {se'-lo-skop) [koIXos, hollow; anoirelv, to 
observe]. An instrument for examining a cavity 
of the body by means of the electric light, enclosed 
in a flask and mounted upon a glass shank. 

celosis {se-lo'-sis) [koIXos, hollow]. The forma- 
tion of any cavity, c, endocytic, the formation of a 
cavity within a cell, c, paracytic, the formation 
of a cavity between cells. 

celosoma (se-lo-so'-mah) [koIXos, hollow; acbfia, the 
body]. A species of single autositic monsters char- 
acterized by more or less extensive body-cleft, with 
eventration, associated with various anomalies of 
the extremities, of the genitourinary apparatus, of 
the intestinal tract, and even of the whole trunk. 

celosomia {se-lo-so' -me-ah) [ktjXij, hernia; acbfia, 
body]. Congenital protrusion of the viscera, with 
defect of the thoracic or abdominal walls. 

celosomus (se-lo-so'-mus) [K17X??, a hernia; aibfia, the 
body]. A monster with fissure or absence of the 
sternum and hernia of the thoracic or abdominaL 
organ. 

celostomia (se-lo-sto'-me-ah) [koIXos, hollow; ctoho.* 
mouth]. Hollowness of the voice. 

celotome {se'-lo-tom) [/ojX??, hernia; rkiiveiv, to cut]. 
A hernia-knife. 

celotomy (se-lot'-o-me) [K17X77, hernia; rkuveiv, to- 
cut]. The operation for strangulated hernia by 
incision of the stricture. 

Cels. Abbreviation for Celsius; the Celsius scale 
of the thermometer. 

Celsius scale [Anders Celsius, Swedish astronomer,. 
1701-1744]. A term sometimes (but erroneously) 
employed for the centigrade scale on the thermo- 
meter. It is the reverse of the centigrade scale, 
having the freezing-point at ioo° and the boiling 
point at o°. 

Celsus' area {sel'-sus) [Aulus Cornelius Celsus r 
Roman physician and writer, 1st century, A.D.]. 
Alopecia areata. C.'s chancre, the soft chancre or 
chancroid. C.'s kerion, suppurating ringworm, a 
pustular inflammation of the hair-follicles of the 
scalp in tinea tonsurans. C.'s papules, a form of 
acute papular eczema (lichen agrius). 

cement (se-ment') [ccementum, a rough stone]. 
1. Any plastic material capable of becoming hard 
and of binding together the objects that are con- 
tiguous to it. 2. Filling-material for the teeth. 
3. The crusta petrosa of the teeth, c.-substance, 
the substance holding together the endothelial cells 
of the intima of blood-vessels. 

cementation {sem-en-ta' -shun) [cement]. 1. A pro- 
cess of causing a chemical change in a substance by 
surrounding it with the powde. of other substances 
and exposing the whole to red heat in a closed vessel 
for a length of time. 2. In biology, the concrescence 
of hyphae. 

cementinification {se-men-tin-e-fik-a'-shun). The 
formation of cementum about the dental root. 

cementoblast {se-ment' -o-blast) [ccementum, cement; 
/3Xacrros, germ]. A cement-corpuscle in tooth-tissue; 



more correctly, an osteoblast that takes part in the 
development of the dental cement. 

cementodentinary {se-ment' -o-den'-tin-a-re) [cce- 
mentum, cement; dens, dentis, a tooth]. Relating to 
the cement and dentine of a tooth. 

cementoma {se-ment-o'-mah) [ccementum, cement; 
o/ia, tumor; pi., cementomata], A tumor thrown out 
by the irritated alveolar periosteum. 

cementoperiostitis {se-men-to-per-e-os-U'-tis). Same 
as pyorrhoea alveolaris. 

cementosis {sem-en-to' -sis) . The development of 
a cementoma. 

cementum {se-ment' -um) . A layer of bone de- 
veloped by ossification of the dental follicle over the 
root of the tooth. It differs from ordinary bone by 
the greater number of Sharpey's fibers in it. Its 
development begins on the milk-teeth during the 
fifth month. 

cenadelphus, coenadelphus {sen-a-del'-fus) [noivbs, 
common; d5eX<£6s, a brother]. A double monster 
with the halves equally developed or having one or 
more vital organs in common. 

cenencephalocele {sen-en-sef-aV -o-sel) [nevos, emp- 
ty; 67«:e0aXos, brain; K17X77, tumor]. A protrusion 
of pure brain substance through a cranial fissure. 

cenesthesia, censesthesia {sen-es-the' -ze-ah) [kwos, 
destitute; atadrjaia, perception]. Hysterical loss of 
consciousness of identity. 

cenesthesis {sen-es-the' -sis) [noivbs, common; 
aladria-is, feeling]. A sense of existence, either pain- 
ful or pleasurable. It is the prevailing conscious 
state of feeling, either of depression or of exaltation, 
which is the resultant of the subconscious organic 
sympathies of the whole organism. It does not 
exceed physiological limits so long as it does not 
exclude the normal exercise of mental functions. 

cenesthetic, coenesthetic {sen-es-thef -ik) . Relating 
to cenesthesis. 

cenogenesis, cenogeny. See kenogenesis. 

cenophobia. See kenophobia. 

cenosis {sen-o'-sis) [Kevacns, a draining]. 1. Eva- 
cuation; apocenosis. 2. Inanition. 

cenotic {sen-ot'-ik) [ickvuais, a draining]. 1. Caus- 
ing cenosis; drastic; purgative. 2. A drastic drug 
or agent. 

Cent. Abbreviation for centigrade and centimeter. 

Centaurea {sen-taw' -re-ah) [nkvTavpos, centaur], 
A genus of composite-flowered herbs. See carduus. 

centaury {sen'-taw-re) [centaurea]. A popular 
name for various plants of the genera Centaurea, 
Erythrcea, Sabbatia, Chlora, etc., especially Erythrcea 
centaurium, which is used as a simple, bitter tonic. 
Dose |-i dr. (2-4 Cc.) in decoction several times a 
day. 

center {sen'-ter) [centrum, the center]. 1. The 
middle point of any surface or of a body. 2. The 
ganglion or plexus whence issue the nerves controlling 
a function, c, accelerating, a center in the medulla 
sending accelerating fibers to the heart. These 
leave the cord through the branches of communica- 
tion of the lower cervical and upper six dorsal nerves,, 
passing thence into the sympathetic, c, anovesical*. 
one in the spinal cord near the point of origin of the 
third and fourth sacral nerves. Incontinence of 
urine and feces is due to paralysis of this center- 
c, arm, the cortical center controlling the move- 
ment of the arm, supposed to be in the cortex 
occupying the middle third of the anterior cen- 
tral gyrus as well as the base of the superior and 
middle frontal gyri. c, articulate language, the 
speech-coordinating center, which is supposed to 
include Broca's gyrus, the anterior gyri of the 
insular, the intervening cortical area, the supra- 
marginal gyrus, the first temporal gyrus, and the 
angular gyrus. c, association. See association. 
c, auditory, a center in the first temporosphenoid 
convolution upon each side, c, Broca's. See c, 
speech, c, cardiac. 1. One in the lower cervicai 
and upper dorsal portions of the spinal cord which 
controls the movements of the heart. 2. That 
portion of the oblongata embracing the cardio- 
accelerator and cardioinhibitory centers, c, cardio- 
accelerator, that of the spinal cord which through 
the cardiac nerves and plexus sends impulses to the 
heart, causing it to beat more rapidly. These 
impulses are not constantly emitted, as are the 
inhibitory impulses which travel by the pneumo- 
gastric. c, cardioinhibitory, in the medulla, efferent 
impulses being carried by the vagus, c, cerebral 
inspiratory, one said to exist in the thalamus, which 



CENTER 



206 



CENTRAL 



by direct stimulation causes deeper and more rapid 
inspirations. c. ? cerebrospinal, the cerebrospinal 
axis, c, ciliospinal, connected with the dilatation of 
the pupil; it is in the lower cervical part of the cord, 
and extends downward, from the first to the third 
dorsal, c, color, a center for perception of colors, 
said to be situated in the occipital cortex anterior 
to the apical region, c, convulsional, a hypothetical 
center said to lie in the floor of the fourth ventricle. 
c, coordinating, the cerebellum, the ganglia at 
the base of the brain, and in some degree the cinerea 
of the spinal cord, are regarded as controlling co- 
ordination, c, cortical, the parts of the cerebral 
cortex concerned in motor, sensory, and psychic 
functions, c, coughing, in the medulla, above the 
inspiratory center, c, deglutition. See c, swallow- 
ing, c, deputy, a secondary ganglion-cell in the 
spinal cord; also a nucleus of one of the cranial nerves. 
c, diabetic, in the posterior part of the anterior half 
of the floor of the fourth ventricle, in the median 
line, c, epiotic, the ossification center of the mastoid 
portion of the temporal bone, c, erection. See 
c, genitourinary, c, excitomotor, the sensitive 
centers of the brain considered as one; these are the 
crura, the pons, the oblongata, the deeper parts of 
the cerebellum, and the corpora quadrigemina. 
c.s, facial movement, one in the ascending frontal 
gyrus and one in the angular gyrus, c, genitouri- 
nary, one in the lumbar poition of the spinal cord, 
but controlled from the medulla, controlling erection 
of the penis and emission of semen, c, glycogenic, 
the diabetic center, c, half-vision, one in the apex 
of the occipital lobe, receiving impressions from 
corresponding halves of the two retinae, c, head and 
neck movement, one in the posterior end of the second 
frontal gyrus and in the corresponding part of the 
first frontal gyrus, c, heat-regulating, c, tempera- 
ture, the center for the control of body-temperature. 
See c, thermotaxic. c, higher visual, one regarded 
as lying in the angular gyrus, in which there is 
effected a combination of the impressions received 
from the half -vision centers, making a complete 
image, c, Hitzig's. See Hitzig's center, c.s of 
inhibition, c.s, inhibitory. See c.s of moderation. 
c, inspiratory, i. A reflex center in the oblongata 
forming part of the respiratory center. 2. See c, 
cerebral inspiratory. 3. A reflex center in the post- 
geminum. c, intracardiac, three small nerve- 
ganglia connected with the cardiac plexus, to which 
is due the automatic beating of the heart after 
separation from the body, c, kinesthetic, one in 
the third left frontal convolution presiding over the 
motor element in speech, c, laryngeal cortical, one 
in the posterior end of the inferior frontal gyrus, c, 
leg, one in the upper portion of the ascending frontal 
convolution, c. for mastication and sucking, one 
in the medulla, c, median (of Luys). See Luys, 
nucleus of. c, medullary. 1. The interior white 
matter of the cerebral hemispheres. 2. See c, 
neural, c.s of moderation, c.s, moderator, nervous 
centers in the spinal cord and the cerebral peduncle 
which restrain, generally by reflex action, various 
functions of the body, c, motor, a nervous center 
•controlling motion, c, musculotonic, that which 
is continually discharging impulses which keep the 
muscular system in a condition of slight contraction. 
It is regarded by some as a special center of the 
cord, but it is questionable whether this condition 
is attributable to any special center rather than to 
the action of all those cells whose function it is to 
send out motor impulses, c, nerve-, c, nervous, 
any group of nerve-cells acting in unison for the 
performance of some function, c, neural, in the 
embryo, that part of the epiblast ultimately de- 
veloping into the brain and spinal cord, c, nutrition. 
See c, trophic, c, olfactory, probably in the hippo- 
campal region of the temporal lobe, c, opisthotic, 
the center of ossification of petrous bone. Huxley's 
name for the part of the periotic cartilage surrounding 
the fenestra rotunda and the cochlea, c. of ossi- 
fication, the place in bones at which ossification begins. 
c, parenchymatous nerve-, Korner's name for a 
nerve-cell existing in the substance of an organ and 
controlling its action, c, parturition, in the spinal 
cord, at the level of the first and second lumbar 
vertebrae, c, peristaltic, one in the oblongata 
controlling peristalsis, c, phonation. See c, laryn- 
geal cortical, c, psychomotor, that portion of the 
cortex from which motor impulses originate, c, 
psychosmic, the olfactory center, c, reflex, any 



nerve-cell of group of cells in the brain, cord, or 
ganglionic system which receives an impression 
through centripetal nerve-fibers and transforms it 
into an impulse which is transmitted through centri- 
fugal nerve-fibers, c, respiratory, in the medulla, 
between the nuclei of the vagus and accessorius. 
c. for secretion of saliva, on the floor of the fourth 
ventricle, c, Setschenow's. See Setschenow's cen- 
ter, c, sneezing, in the medulla, c, spasm, in 
the medulla, at its junction with the pons, c, 
speech, in the third left frontal convolution in right- 
handed people; probably the island of Reil has some 
influence also, c, sudoral. See c, sweat, c, 
supreme, Spitzka's name for the cortical centers of 
the brain as a whole, c, swallowing, on the floor 
of the fourth ventricle, c, sweat, the dominating 
center is in the medulla, with subordinate centers in 
the spinal cord. c, tactile, one for the sense of 
touch, located by Ferrier in the hippocampus and 
the gyrus hippocampus, c, thermal cortical, one 
discovered in the cerebral cortex of the dog, stimu- 
lation of which caused a change in the temperature 
of the opposite limbs, c, thermoexcito-, c, thermo- 
genic. 1 . A hypothetical center of the cord concerned 
in the changes in body-temperature. 2. The mesial 
portion of the striatum and the parts directly beneath 
it. c, thermotaxic, six heat-regulating cerebral 
centers; of the four principal centers, one is located 
in the caudatum, one in the subjacent cinerea, one 
in the cinerea surrounding the most anterior portion 
of the third ventricle, and one at the anterior inner 
extremity of the thalamus, c, trophic, a nerve- 
center regulating nutrition, c, upper, for dilator 
pupillae, in the medulla, c.s, vascular, c.s, vaso- 
constrictor, centers in the cord controlling the 
contractility of the smaller blood-vessels, c, vaso- 
dilator, in the medulla, c, vasomotor, in the me- 
dulla, c, visual, in the occipital lobe, especially 
in the cuneus. c, vomiting, an area in the oblongata 
concerned in the reflex act of vomiting; stimulation 
of the terminal filaments of the vagi excites its action. 
c, winking, the reflex center concerned in winking, 
situated in the oblongata, c.s, word-. 1. One in 
the left superior temporosphenoid gyrus controlling 
the perception of words heard. 2. A center in the 
posterior part of the left parietal lobe and one in the 
second left frontal gyrus governing the perception of 
printed or written words. 

centering (sen'-ter-ing) [center]. In microscopy, 
the arrangement of an object or an accessory so 
that its center coincides with the optical axis of the 
microscope. In optics, having the pupil and the 
optic center of the refracting lens in the same axis. 

centesimal (sen-les'-im-al) [centum, a hundred]. 
In the proportion of 1 to 100. 

centesis (sen-te'-sis) [kcpttjo-is, a pricking]. Punc- 
ture; perforation. 

centi- (sen-ti-) [centum], A prefix meaning one 
hundred. 

centifidous (sen-tif'-id-us) [centi-; finder e, to split]. 
Cleft into many or 100 parts. 

centigrade (sen'-te-grad) [centi-; gradus, a step]. 
Having 100 divisions or degrees. Abbreviation, C. 
c. thermometer, a thermometer with zero as the 
freezing-point and ioo° as the boiling-point of water. 
See under thermometer. 

centigram, centigramme {sen'-te-gram) [centi-; 
yp&nna, a small weight]. The hundredth part of a 
gram, equal to 0.154328 grain troy. 

centiliter (sen'-til-e-ter) [centi-; \irpa, a pound]. 
The hundredth part of a liter, equal to 0.6102 of a 
cubic inch. 

centimeter (sen'-tim-e-ter) [centi-; . pkrpov, a 
measure]. The hundredth part of a meter, equal to 
0.3937 (or about f) of an inch. 

centinormal {sen-te-nor'-mal) [centi-; norma, nor- 
mal]. The itb of the normal; applied to a solution 
the iita of the strength of a normal solution. 

centrad {sen'-trad) [centrum; ad, to]. 1. Toward 
the center, or toward the median line. 2. An 
angular measure, one hundredth of a radian; about 
o.S7°. 

central (sen'-lral) [centrum]. Relating to the 
center; passing through the center, c. artery, an 
artery in the optic nerve and retina; it passes to the 
optic papilla and then divides. See under artery. 
c. fissure, the fissure of Rolando, c. ganglia, the 
corpora striata and optic thalami. c. ligament, 
the terminal filum of the spinal cord. c. lobe, the 
island of Reil. 



CENTRALITY 



207 



CEPHALIZATION 



centrality (sen-tral'-it-e). Applied to the condi- 
tion of nervous phenomena originating in the central 
nervous system and not in the peripheral nerves. 

centraphose, centrophose (sen'-trah-fcz, sen'-lro- 
foz). See under phose. 

centraxonial (sen-traks-o'-ne-aV) [nkvTpov, center; 
a£wv, axis]. In biology, having a central axial line. 

centre (sen'-ter). See center. 

centren (sen'-tren) [centrum, a center]. Belonging 
solely to a center. 

centric (sen'-trik) [centrum]. Relating to a center, 
especially to a nerve-center. 

centricipital (sen-tris-ip'-it-al) [centrum, center; 
caput, a head]. Relating to the centriciput; parietal. 
c. vertebra, the second or more central of the three 
principal cranial vertebrae. 

centriciput (sen-tris'-ip-ut) [centrum, center; caput, 
head]. The mid-head; the second cranial segment 
situated between the sinciput and occiput. 

centrifugal (sen-trif'-u-gal) [centrum; fugere, to 
flee]. Receding from the center to the periphery. 
c. force, the force by which a revolving body tends 
to fly off at the periphery, c. machine, one by which 
tubes of liquid are rapidly revolved for the purpose 
of driving particles floating in the liquid to the 
distal ends of the tubes. 

centrifugalization (sen-trif-u-gal-iz-a' -shun) [see 
centrifugal]. The use of a centrifuge. 

centrifugalized milk. Milk from which the cream 
has been separated by whirling it in a centrifugal 
machine. 

centrifuge (sen 1 '-trif-uf) [see centrifugal], i. A 
centrifugal machine; an apparatus for separating 
substances by centrifugal force. 2. To submit to 
the action of a centrifuge. 

centriole (sen'-tre-ol) [centrum]. Boveri's term for 
a minute body, central horn, contained within the 
centrosome; in some cases it is not distinguishable 
from the latter. 

centripetal (sen-trip' -et-al) [centrum; peter e, to 
seek]. Traveling toward the center from the peri- 
phery. 

centro- (sen-tro-) [centrum]. A prefix meaning 
central. 

centroacinal, or centroacinar (sen-tro-as'-in-al, or 
cen-tro-as'-in-ar) [centrum, center; acinus, a grape]. 
Belonging to the center of an acinus, c. cells are 
found in the acini of the pancreas, etc. 

centrodesmus (sen-tro-des'-mus) [centro-; Sea/xos, 
a band]. Heidenhain's term for the band primarily 
connecting the centrosomes and giving rise to the 
central spindle. 

centrodontous (sen-tro-don'-tus) [nkvrpov, a sharp 
point; 68ovs, a tooth]. Furnished with sharp-pointed 
teeth. 

centrodorsal (sen-tro-dor'-sal). Pertaining to the 
central dorsal region. 

centrolecithal (sen-tro-les'-iih-aV) [centro-; \eici6os, 
yolk]. In embryology, having the food-yolk located 
centrally. 

centronucleus (sen-tro-nu'-kle-us). Same as amphi- 
nucleus. 

centrophose (sen'-tro-foz) [nevrpov, center; <£«s, 
light]. See under phose. 

centroplasm (sen'-tro-plazm). The protoplasm of 
the centrosphere; the archoplasm. 

centrosclerosis, centro-osteosclerosis (sen-tro-skler- 
o'-sis, sen-tro-os-te-o-skler-o'-sis) [centro-; sclerosis]. 
Osteosclerosis of the central cavities of bones. 

centrosome (sen'-tro-som) [centro-; a&na, body]. 
1. A highly refractive body lying in the protoplasm 
of the ovum and other cells, and taking an active 
part in cell-division. Syn., pole-capsule. 2. An 
organ of the cell, usually diminutive, lying within 
the nucleus or near by in the cytoreticulum. It is 
regarded as the especial organ of cell-division, and 
in this sense as the dynamic center of the cell. Syn., 
attraction-particle; daughter -periplast; polar corpuscle. 
c.s, quadrille of, the conjugation of paternal with 
maternal centrosomes, based upon the view that each 
germ-cell contributes a centrosome that divides into 
two daughter-centrosomes. Syn., quadrille of centers. 

centrosphere (sen'-tro-sfer). See sphere of attraction. 

centrostaltic (sen-tro-stal'-tik) [centro-; ordXais, 
constriction]. Relating to the action of nervous force 
in a spinal center, c. motion, the motion of nervous 
force in the spinal center. 

centrostigma (sen-tro-stig'-mah) [Kkvrpov, center; 
ariyna, a point]. In morphology, having all the 
axes converging to a central point. 



centrum (sen'-trum) [L.]. 1. The center or middle 
part; the body of a vertebra, exclusive of the bases 
of the neural arches. 2. A spine; a pointed pro- 
jection, c. cinereum, the gray commissure of the 
spinal cord. c. commune, the solar plexus, c. 
geminum, the capsula. c. ovale majus, the large 
mass of white matter appearing when either of the 
cerebral hemispheres is cut down to the level of the 
corpus callosum. c. ovale minus, the white matter 
appearing when the upper part of a hemisphere of 
the brain is removed, c. ovale Vieussenii, the central 
white matter seen on making a section of the brain 
at the level of the upper surface of the callosum. 
Syn., centrum medullar e; centrum ovale majus et 
minus; centrum semiovale Vieussenii; centrum ovale 
of Vicq d'Azyr; medulla; tegmentum ventriculorum. 
c. rubrum. See nucleus tegmenti. c. tendineum, 
the central tendon of the diaphragm. 

cephaeline (sef-a'-el-in). See emetine. 

cephaelis (sef-a'-el-is). See ipecacuanha. 

cephal- (sef-al-). See cephalo-. 

cephalad (sef'-al-ad) [cephal-; ad, to]. Toward 
the head. 

cephalagra (sef-al-ag'-rah) [neQak-h, head; aypa, 
seizure]. Gouty headache. 

cephalalgia (sef-al-al'-je-ah) [cephal-; akyos, pain]. 
Headache. 

cephalalgic (sef-al-al'-jik) [*:e<£aXi7, head; akyos, 
pain]. Relating to headache. 

cephalanthin (sef-al-an' -thin) . See under cephal- 
anthus. 

Cephalanthus (sef-al-an' -thus) [cephal-; av6m, a 
flower]. A genus of rubiaceous plants. C. occi- 
dentalis is the button-bush or crane-willow of North 
America; its bitter bark is laxative and tonic and is 
used in periodic fevers and paralysis. The bark 
contains cephalin, cephaletin, and a toxic principle 
cephalanthin, which, according to Mohrberg, causes 
.destruction of the red blood-corpuscles, vomiting, 
convulsions, and paralysis. 

cephalea (sef-al-e'-ah) [Ke<f>a\aia, headache]. Head- 
ache; especially severe or chronic headache, with 
intolerance of light and sound. 

cephaledema, cephaloedema (sef-al-e-de'-mah) 
[cephal-; olSelv, to swell]. Edema of the head; 
cerebral edema. 

cephalemia (sef-al-e' -me-ah) [/cec£aXi7, head; alp.a, 
blood]. An abnormal determination of blood to the 
head. 

cephalhematocele (sef-al-hem-at'-o-seT) [cephal-; 
hematocele]. A hematocele situated beneath the 
scalp, and communicating with a dural sinus, c, 
Stromeyer's. See Stromeyer's cephalhematocele. 

cephalhematoma (sef-al-hem-at-o'-mah) [cephal-; 
hematoma]. 1. A collection of blood beneath the 
pericranium, forming a tumor-like swelling. 2. Caput 
succedaneum. c, external, an effusion between the 
pericranium and the skull, c, internal, an effusion 
between the dura and the skull. 

cephalhematometer (sef-al-hem-at-om'-et-ur) [«<£- 
aXj), the head; alp.a, blood; fierpov, a measure]. 
An apparatus for the estimation of the increase or 
diminishment of the amount of blood within an 
animal's head. 

cephalhydrocele (sef-al-hi'-dro-sel) [Ke<pa\v, head; 
vSup, water; ktjXtj, tumor]. Effusion of cerebral 
fluid beneath the occipito-frontal aponeuroses in 
fractures of the skull. 

cephalic (sef-al'-ik) [Ke<pa\ri, head]. 1. Pertaining 
to the head. 2. Any remedy for headache, c. index. 
See index, cephalic, c. vein, a vein pf the upper 
arm. c. version. See version, cephalic. 

cephalin (sef'-al-in) [/ce^aX^, the head]. An un- 
stable phosphatic substance obtained from brain- 
substance; it is allied to lecithin; it is called also 
kephalin. 

cephaline (sef'-al-en). A proprietary headache 
remedy said to consist of antipyrine and pulverized 
coffee, each 5 parts, and caffeine and sodium salicy- 
late, each 2 parts. Dose, 4 gr. 

cephalitis (sef-al-i'-tis). See encephalitis. c. 
iEgyptiaca, an epidemic form of encephalitis occurring 
in Egypt during the hot winds of early summer. 
c. littriana, inflammation of the epiphyses, c. 
meningica, meningitis, c. nervosa, pertussis. 

cephality (sef-al' -e-te) [K€<j>a\ri, the head]. Agassiz's 
term for the preponderance of the head over the 
remainder of the organism. 

cephalization (sef-al-iz-a' -shun) [/ce^aXi?, the head]. 
In biology, Dana's term for that specialization the 



CEPHALIZE 



208 



CERATE 



tendency of which is to concentrate important parts 
and organs at the head region of the trunk. 

cephalize (sef'-al-iz) [/ce<£aXij, head]. To develop 
head-organs. 

cephalo- (sef-al-o-) [K«j>a\ri, head]. A prefix 
denoting relating to the head. 

cephalocathartic (sef-al-o-kath-ar'-tik) [cephalo-; 
KadapTiicos, purging]. i. Purging or relieving the 
head. 2. A medicine that relieves the head. 

cephalocele (sef'-al-o-sel) [cephalo-; K17X77, tumor]. 
Hernia of the brain; protrusion of a mass of the 
cranial contents. 

cephalocentesis (sef-al-o-sen-te'-sis) [cephalo-; 
Kevrrjais, puncture]. Surgical puncture of the 
cranium. 

cephalocercal (sef-al-o-ser'-kal) [cephalo-; Kepicos, 
tail]. In anatomy, from head to tail. 

cephalochord (sef'-al-o-kord) [cephalo-; xop^-h, 
cord]. The cephalic portion of the chorda dorsalis 
in embryonic life. 

cephaloclasia (sef-al-o-kla'-ze-ah). See cephalo- 
tripsy. 

cephaloclast (sef'-al-o-klast). See cephalotribe. 

cephalodymia (sef-al-o-dim'-e-ah) [cephalo-; Svnevat., 
to enter]. Teratologic union of twins by the 
merging of their heads together. 

cephalodynia (sef-al-o-din'-e-ah) [cephalo-; 68vvri, 
pain]. Rheumatism affecting the occipitofrontalis 
muscle, the pain being chiefly experienced in the 
forehead or occiput, and at times involving the eye- 
balls. 

cephalofacial (sef-al-o-fa'-shal). Relating to the 
skull and to the face. 

cephalogaster (sef-al-o-gas'-ter) [cephalo-; yacrr-qp, 
stomach]. The anterior division of the enteric canal, 
as in certain parasitic worms, where it is continued 
into a second division, the typhlosole. 

cephalograph (sef'-al-o-graf) [cephalo-; ypa<f>eiv, to 
write]. An instrument for recording the contours 
of the head. 

cephalography (sef-al-og'-ra-fe) [cephalo-; ypa<j>eiv, 
to write]. A description of the head. 

cephalohemometer {sef-al-o-hem-om'-et-er) [ceph- 
alo-; al/xa, blood; \ikrpov, a measure]. An instru- 
ment for noting changes in the intracranial blood- 
pressure. 

cephaloid (sef'-al-oid) [cephalo-; eldos, likeness]. 
Resembling the head. 

cephalology (sef-al-ol'-o-je) [cephalo-; X670S, sci- 
ence]. The science of cranial measurements and 
indications. 

cephaloma (sef-al-o' -mah) [cephalo-; 6p.a, tumor; 
pi., cephalomata]. Encephaloid carcinoma; soft 
carcinoma. 

cephalomelus (sef-al-om'-el-us) [cephalo-; /zeXos, a 
limb]. A form of double monster in which there is 
a supernumerary limb attached to the head. 

cephalomenia (sef-al-o-me'-ne-ah) [cephalo-; \xi\v, 
a month]. Vicarious menstruation through the 
nose. 

cephalomeningitis (sef-al-o-men-in-ji'-tis) [cephalo-; 
nrjvt.y£, a membrane; vris, inflammation]. Cephalic 
meningitis; inflammation of the cephalic meninges. 

cephalometer (sef-al-om'-et-er) [cephalo-; p-erpov, 
a measure]. An instrument for measuring the head. 

cephalometry (sef-al-om'-et-re) [cephalo-; nkTpov,,a. 
measure]. 1. The use of the cephalometer; cranio- 
metry. 2. The art of taking measurements of the 
head to determine the position of the fissures and 
convolutions of the brain. 

cephalomyitis (sef-al-o-mi-i'-tis) [cephalo-; nvs, a 
muscle; im, inflammation]. Inflammation of the 
muscles of the head. 

cephalonasal (sef-al-o-na'-sal). Relating to the 
skull and the nose. 

cephalonia (sef-al-o' -ne-ah) [Ke<j>ahr), head]. Mac- 
rocephaly with hypertrophy of the brain. 

cephalo-orbital (sef-al-o-or' -bit-al) [cephalo-; orbita, 
an orbit]. Relating to the cranium and orbits. 
c. index. See index. 

cephalo-orbitonasal (sef-al-o-or-bil-o-na'-zal) [ceph- 
alo-; orbita, an orbit; nasalis, of the nose]. Relating 
to cranium, orbits, and nose. 

cephalopagus (sef-al-op'-ag-us) [cephalopagy]. A 
double monstrosity having the heads united at the 
top. 

cephalopagy (sef-al-op'-ath-e) [cephalo-; irriyvvvai, to 
join]. That form of monstrosity marked by the 
development of two individuals having heads united 
at the top. 



cephalopathic (sef-al-o-path'-ik) [cephalo-; vaBos, 
disease]. Pertaining or belonging to a disease of the 
head. 

cephalopathy (sef-al-op'-ath-e) [cephalo-; ir&Bos, 
disease]. Any disease of the head. 

cephalopharyngeus (sef-al-o-far-in'-je-us). 1. Re- 
lating to the head and pharynx. 2. See under 
■muscle. 

cephalophyma (sef-al-o-fi'-mah). Synonym of 
cephalhematoma. 

cephaloplegia (sef-al-o-ple'-je-ah) [cephalo-; irXwh, 
a stroke]. Paralysis of the muscles about the head 
and face. 

cephalorrhachidian (sef-al-o-rak-id'-e-an) [cephalo-; 
pdx«, spine]. Same as cerebrospinal. 

cephaloscope (sef'-al-o-skop) [cephalo-; oKoirelv, 
to examine]. A stethoscope for use in auscultation 
of the head or the ear. 

cephaloscopy (sef-al-os'-ko-pe) [cephalo-; aKo-welv, 
to examine]. 1. Auscultation of the head. 2. Ex- 
amination of the head with a view to ascertaining the 
condition of the mental faculties. 

cephalostat (sef'-al-o-stat) [cephalo-; ItrravaL, to 
cause to stand]. A vise or clamp for holding a 
patient's head; a head-rest. 

cephalothoracopagus (sef-al-o-tho-rak-op'-ag-us) 

[cephalo-; dupa.%, thorax; 7ra7eis, joined]. A double- 
headed monster with united thoraces and necks. 
These monsters are divided by Veit into prosopothor- 
acopagus and syncephalus. 

cephalothorax (sef-al-o-tho'-raks) [cephalo-; dupa£, 
a breastplate]. In biology, the anterior portion of 
the body of an arthropod formed by the union of 
the head and thorax. 

cephalotome (sef'-al-o-tom) [cephalo-; Tkp.veiv, to 
cut]. The instrument used in performing cepha- 
lotomy. 

cephalotomy (sef-al-ot'-o-me) [cephalo-; rbp.i\, sec- 
tion]. The opening or division of the head of the 
fetus to facilitate labor. 

cephalotractor (sef-al-o-trak'-tor) [cephalo-; trac- 
tor]. Obstetric forceps. 

cephalotribe (sef'-al-o-trib) [cephalo-; rpLfieiv, to 
crush]. An instrument for crushing the fetal head. 

cephalotridymus (sef-al-o-trid'-im-us) [cephalo-; 
rpibvpos, triple]. A three-headed monster. 

cephalotripsy (sef'-al-o-trip-se) [cephalo-; rpl^is, 
a crushing]. The operation of crushing the fetal 
head when delivery is otherwise impossible. 

cephalotriptor (sef-al-o-trip'-tor). See cephalotribe. 

cephalotrypesis (sef-al-o-tri-pe'-sis) [cephalo-; rpv- 
it7)<ti.s, a boring]. A trephining of the skull. 

cephaloxia (sef-al-oks'-e-ah) . Synonym of torticollis. 

ceptor (sep'-tor) [capere, to take]. A term sug- 
gested by Ehrlich in place of intermediary body. 
According to the manner of action he distinguishes 
uniceptors and amboceptors. 

cera (se'-rah) [L.]. Wax. A mixture of cerotic 
acid, cerolein, and myricin, gathered by the honey- 
bee from the pollen of flowers and the leaves of 
plants, c. alba (U. S. P.), white wax, prepared by 
bleaching yellow wax. It is valuable as an ingredient 
of cerates and ointments, c. flava (U. S. P.), yellow 
wax; it possesses an agreeable balsamic odor, and is 
soluble in ether, in hot alcohol, and in chloroform. 

ceraceous (se-ra'-se-us) [cera, wax]. Waxy. Re- 
sembling wax. 

ceral (se'-ral). Pasta cerata, a proprietary vehicle 
for application of medicaments, said to consist of 
wax, potash, and water. 

ceramuria (ser-am-u'-re-ah) [Kepa/ios, potter's 
earth; ovpov, urine]. Phosphaturia. 

cerasin (ser'-as-in) [cerasus, a cherry-tree]. 1. An 
ingredient of the gum of cherry-, peach-, and plum- 
trees, apparently identical with bassorin. 2. A 
crude precipitate from tincture of choke-cherry. 

cerate (se'-rat) [cera]. In pharmacy, an unctuous 
preparation consisting of wax mixed with oils, fatty 
substances, or resins, and of such a consistence that 
at ordinary temperatures it can be readily spread 
upon linen or muslin, and yet is so firm that it will 
not melt or run when applied to the skin, c, 
camphor. See camphor cerate, c, cantharides. See 
cantharides cerate, c, Goulard's. See Goulard's 
cerate', c. of lead subacetate. See Goulard's cerate. 
c, rosin. See rosin cerate, c, rosin, compound. 
See rosin cerate, compound, c, touch, a lubricant 
used in vaginal inspection, consisting of spermaceti, 
white wax, and caustic soda, each, 1 part; olive-oil, 
16 parts. Syn., ceratum pro tactu. 



CERATED 



209 



CEREBROSCOPY 



cerated (se'-ra-ted) [cera]. Coated with wax. 

ceratiasis (ser-at-i'-as-is). See keratiasis. 

ceratin (ser'-at-in). See keratin. 

ceratitis (ser-at-i'-tis). See keratitis. 

cerato- (ser'-a-to). See kerato-. 

ceratocele (ser'-at-o-sel). See keratocele. 

ceratoglossus (ser-at-o-glos'-us). See keratoglossus, 
in muscles, table of. 

ceratohyal (ser-at-o-hi'-al). See keratohyal. 

Ceratonia (ser-at-o'-ne-ah) [/cepa-rowta]. i. A genus 
of leguminous trees. 2. The fruit of C. siliqua, the 
carob-tree, a native of the regions about the Mediter- 
ranean. The falcate, fleshy pods, called carob-pods, 
sugar-pods, and St. John's bread, are demulcent and 
pectoral and contain carobin, carobone, and carobic 
acid. They are used as food and form the chief 
constituent of much of the patented food for cattle. 
The seeds are used as a substitute for coffee. 

ceratonosus. See keratonosus. 

ceratoplasty (ser'-at-o-plas-te). See keratoplasty. 

ceratoscope (ser'-at-o-skop). See keratoscope. 

ceratotomy (ser-at-ot'-o-me). See keratotomy. 

ceratonyxis (L.). See keratonyxis. 

ceratorrhexis {ser-at-o-reks'-is). See keratorrhexis. 

ceratose (ser'-at-os). See keratose. 

ceratosis (ser-at-o'-sis). See keratosis. 

ceratotomy (ser-at-ot'-o-me). See keratotomy. 

ceraunics (ser-aw'-niks). See keraunics. 

cercaria (ser-ka'-re-ah) [kcpkos, tail]. Any trema- 
tode worm (fluke) in its second (or tailed) stage of 
larval life. 

cercarian (ser-ka'-re-an) [nep/cos, a tail]. Any 
trematode, or fluke-worm, in the cercaria stage. 

cercnnus (serk'-nus) [nkpxvos, rough, hoarse]. 
Hoarseness; noisy respiration. 

ceratum (se'-ra-tum). See cerate. 

cercomonad (ser-ko-mo'-nad). A member of the 
genus cercomonas. 

Cercomonas (ser-ko-mo'-nas) [nkpicos, tail; novas, 
monad]. A genus of flagellate infusorians. C. 
intestinalis, a protozoon, occasionally found in the 
fecal discharges of patients suffering with typhoid 
fever, chronic diarrhea, or cholera. Its pathological 
significance has not yet been ascertained. 

cerea flexibilitas (se'-re-ah fleks-ib-il' -it-as). That 
condition of muscular tension in the insane in which 
the limbs may be molded into any position. 

cereal (se'-re-al) [Ceres, the goddess of agricul- 
ture]. 1. Relating to edible grains. 2. Any edible 
grain. 

cerealin (se-re'-al-in). An enzyme converting 
starch into glucose, isolated from bran-extract. 

cerebellar (ser-e-bel'-ar) [cerebellum]. Relating to 
the cerebellum, c. ataxia, ataxia due to some 
cerebellar lesion, c. tonsil. See amygdala (2). 

cerebellic (ser-e-bel'-ik). See cerebellar. 

cerebellifugal (ser-e-bel-if'-u-gal) [cerebellum; fugere, 
to flee]. Tending from the cerebellum. 

cerebellipetal (ser-e-bel-ip' -e-tal) [cerebellum; peter e, 
to seek]. Tending toward the cerebellum. 

cerebellitis (ser-e-bel-i'-tis) [cerebellum; wis, inflam- 
mation]. Inflammation of the cerebellum. 

cerebellocortex (ser-e-bel-o-kor'-teks) [cerebellum, 
cortex, bark]. The cortex of the cerebellum. 

cerebellospinal (ser-e-bel-o-spi'-nal) [cerebellum, 
spina, the spine]. Relating to the cerebellum and 
the spinal cord. 

cerebellum (ser-e-bel'-um) [dim. of cerebrum]. The 
inferior part of the brain lying below the cerebrum 
and above the pons and medulla. It consists of two 
lateral lobes and a middle lobe. 

cerebral (ser'-e-bral) [cerebrum]. Relating to the 
cerebrum, c. apoplexy. See apoplexy, c. arteries. 
See arteries, table of. c. fornix. See fornix, cerebral. 
c. gyri, the convolutions of the brain, c. hemiplegia, 
hemiplegia due to cerebral apoplexy, c. index. See 
index, cerebral, c. maculae, spots on the skin caused 
by slight irritation, and abnormally persistent. 
They may indicate disorder of the vaso-motor 
mechanism, c. nerves. See nerves, table of. c. 
pneumonia. See pneumonia, cerebral, c. surprise, 
the speedy, but not long-persistent stupor that often 
follows sudden mental shock or grave lesion or injury 
of the brain, c. vesicles, the embryonic vesicles 
from which the brain is developed. See brain- 
bladder. 

cerebralgia (ser-e-bral'-je-ah) [cerebrum, the brain; 
&X70S, pain]. Pain in the head. 

cerebralism (ser'-e-bral-izm) [cerebrum, the brain]. 
The theory that mental operations are due to the 



activity of the brain; or that thought is a function 
of the brain. 

cerebrasthenia (ser-e-bras-the'-ne-ah) [cerebrum; 
asthenia]. Cerebral asthenia; cerebral neurasthenia; 
phrenasthenia. 

cerebrasthenic (ser-e-br as-then' -ik) [cerebrum, the 
brain; a.<rdwhs, without strength]. Characterized 
by, or pertaining to, cerebrasthenia. 

cerebration (ser-e-br a' -shun) [cerebrum]. Mental 
activity, c, unconscious, mental activity of which 
the subject is not conscious. 

cerebriform (ser-e'-bre-form). See cerebroid. 

cerebrifugal (ser-e-brif -u-gal) [cerebrum, the brain; 
fugere, to flee]. Centiifugal; efferent; transmitting 
or transmitted from the brain to the periphery. 

cerebrin (ser'-e-brin) [cerebrum], 1. O7H33NO3. 
A nitrogenous glucoside obtained from brain-tissue, 
nerves, and pus-corpuscles. It is a light, colorless, 
exceedingly hygroscopic powder. 2. A preparation 
from the gray mattei of the brain of sheep and calves, 
made with equal parts of glycerol and 0.5 % of phenol 
solution. It has been used in chorea. Dose 5-10 
min. (0.3-0.6 Cc). Syn., cerebrin-alpha; cerebrinin. 
3. A proprietary antineuralgic elixir, said to contain 
analgesin, ether, caffeine and cocaine. 

cerebrinacide (ser-e-brin'-as-id) [cerebrum, the 
brain]. One of certain substances found in brain- 
tissue, and capable of combining with metallic 
oxides. 

cerebrinin (se-reb'-rin-in). See cerebrin (2). 

cerebripetal (ser-e-brip'-et-al) [cerebrum, the brain; 
petere, to seek]. Centripetal; afferent; transmitting 
or transmitted from the periphery to the brain. 

cerebritis (ser-e-bri'-tis) [cerebrum; ins, inflamma- 
tion]. Inflammation of the proper substance of 
the cerebrum, c, local, softening of the brain. 

cerebro- (se-re-bro-) [cerebrum]. A prefix denoting 
relating to the cerebrum. 

cerebrocardiac (ser-e-br o-kar'-de-ak) [cerebro-; nap- 
dia, the heart]. Applied to diseases characterized 
by both cerebral and cardiac symptoms. 

cerebrogalactose (ser-e-bro-gal-ak'-tos). Same as 
cerebrose. 

cerebrohyphoid (ser-e-bro-hi'-foid) [cerebro-; v<j>i], 
tissue; elSos, likeness]. Resembling the substance 
of the brain. 

cerebroid (ser'-e-broid) [cerebro-; eldos, likeness]. 
Resembling brain-substance. 

cerebrol (ser'-e-brol) [cerebrum, brain; oleum, oil]. 
An oily, reddish fluid obtainable from brain-tissue. 

cerebrology (ser-e-br ol'-o-je) [cerebro-; \6yos, sci- 
ence]. The science of the brain; encephalology. 

cerebroma (ser-e-bro'-mah) [cerebrum, the brain; 
6p.a, a tumor; pi., cerebromata], A growth, outside 
the cranium, that contains cerebral tissue. 

cerebromalacia (ser-e-br o-mal-a'-se-ah) [cerebro-; 
naXaKia, softness]. Softening of the brain tissue. 

cerebromedullary (ser-e-br o-med-ul'-ar-e) [cerebro-; 
medulla, marrow]. Relating to the brain and spinal 
cord. 

cerebrometer (ser-e-brom' -et-er) [cerebro-; ukrpov, a 
measure]. An instrument for recording cerebral 
impulses. 

cerebroolein (ser-e-bro-o'-le-in). A compound of 
olein and lecithin forming a yellow oil; it is obtained 
from brain tissue. 

'cerebropathy (ser-e-br op' -a-the) [cerebro-; iraBos, ill- 
ness]. 1. A train of symptoms following overwork, 
and approaching the character of insanity. 2. Cere- 
bral disease in general, c, psychic, mental disease 
resulting from primary lesion of the brain or spinal 
cord, but presenting distinct symptoms of its 
own. 

cerebrophysiology (ser-e-br o-fiz-e-ol'-o-je). The 
physiology of the brain. 

cerebropontile (ser-e-bro-pon'-til). Relating to the 
cerebrum and pons. 

cerebropsychosis (ser-e-bro-sik-o'-sis) [cerebro-; \pv- 
xwo-is, animating]. Mental disturbance due to a 
disease of the psychic centers. 

cerebrorrhachidian (ser-e-bro-ra-kid'-i-an) [cerebro-; 
pdx«, spine]. Cerebrospinal. 

cerebrosclerosis (cer-e-bro-skle-ro'-sis) [cerebro-; 
<tkXt)p6s, hard]. Sclerosis of cerebral tissue. 

cerebroscope (ser-e'-bro-skop). An ophthalmoscope 
used in the diagnosis of brain disease. 

cerebroscopy (ser-e-bros'-ko-pe) [cerebro-; o-noireiv, 
to inspect]. 1. Ophthalmoscopy in the diagnosis of 
brain-disease. 2. Encephaloscopy. 3. The post- 
mortem examination of the brain. 



CEREBROSE 



210 



CERVICONASAL 



cerebrose (ser'-e-bros) [cerebrum], C6H12O2. A 
crystallized sugar isomeric with glucose, occurring 
in brain tissue. 

cerebrosensorial (ser-e-bro-sen-so'-re-al) [cerebro-; 
sensorium, the organ of sensation]. Pertaining to 
the cerebral sensorium. 

cerebroside (ser'-e-bro-sid) [cerebrum]. One of a 
class of substances occurring in brain tissue, con- 
taining cerebrose, just as glucosides contain glucose. 

cerebrosis (ser-e-bro'-sis) [cerebrum, the brain]. 
Any cerebral disorder. 

cerebrospinal (ser-e-bro-spi'-nal) [cerebro-; spina, 
the spine]. Pertaining to the brain and spinal cord. 
c. axis. See axis, cerebrospinal, c. fever. See 
under fever, c. fluid, the fluid between the arachnoid 
membrane and the pia mater. _ c. meningitis. See 
fever, cerebrospinal, c. sclerosis, sclerosis of the 
brain and spinal cord. c. system, the brain, spinal 
cord, and nerves. 

cerebrospinant (ser-e-bro-spi'-nant) [cerebro-; spina, 
the spine]. A medicine that acts upon the brain 
and spinal cord. 

cerebrosuria (ser-e-bro-su' -re-ah) . The presence of 
cerebrose in the urine; cerebral diabetes. 

cerebrotomy (ser-e-brot'-o-me) [cerebro-; rkfiveiv, 
to cut] . Surgical or anatomical section of brain-tissue. 

cerebrum (ser'-e-brum) [L.]. The chief portion 
of the brain, occupying the whole upper part of the 
cranium, and consisting of the right and left hemi- 
spheres, c. abdominale, the solar plexus, c. exsic- 
catum, the dried and powdered gray substance of 
the brain of calves; one part represents five parts of 
the fresh organ. Dose 30-60 gr. (2-4 Gm.) a day. 
c. posterius, the cerebellum. 

cerecloth (ser'-kloth) [cera]. Cloth impregnated 
with wax and rendered antiseptic; used as a dressing 
for wounds. 

cerectomy (ser-ek'-to-me). See kerectomy. 

cereiform (se-re'-e-form) [cereus, a wax taper; 
forma, form]. Shaped like a wax taper. 

cereolus {ser-e'-o-lus) [cera, wax: pi., cereoli]. A 
bougie of waxed linen, often medicated. 

cereometer (se-re-om'-et-ur) [cera, wax; n'erpov, a 
measure]. An apparatus for the estimation of the 
quantity of wax in a given mixture by determining 
the specific gravity. 

cereous (se'-re-us) [cereus]. Made of wax. 

ceresin (ser'-es-in) [cera, wax]. Ozokerite that 
has been bleached without distillation; it is used as a 
substitute for beeswax. 

cereus (se'-re-us) [L.. "a wax candle"]. A genus 
of cactaceous plants, c. grandifiorus. See cactus 
grandiflorus. 

cerevisia (ser-e-vis'-e-ah). See cervisia. 

cerevisin (ser-e-vis'-in). Dried yeast used in- 
ternally in furunculosis (dose 1 teaspoonful before 
each meal) and for application in leukorrhea and 
gonorrheal vaginitis (15-30 gr. (1-2 Gm.) in sup- 
pository of cacao-butter). 

eerie (se'-rik) [cera]. 1. Relating to wax. 2. Con- 
taining cerium as a quadrivalent radical. 

ceridin (se' -rid-in). Cerolin. A fatty substance 
obtained from yeast; used in the treatment of acne. 

cerin (se'-rin) [cera]. 1. An ether of cerotic acid; 
one of the substances found in wax. 2. (Of Chev- 
reul.) A crystalline precipitate from an aqueous 
extract of cork by action of hot alcohol. 

cerite (se'-rlt). A Swedish mineral formerly 
called the heavy stone of Bastnas, from which cerium 
is obtained. 

cerium (se'-re-um) [named from the planet Ceres]. 
Ce =140.25; quantivalence II, IV. One of the rarer 
metals. It forms two series of salts (cerous and eerie 
salts) corresponding to the two oxides. See elements, 
table of chemical, c. nitrate. 1. Ce2(N03)e . 12H2O, 
white crystals, soluble in water; an antiseptic used 
in solutions of 1 : 1000. Syn., cerous nitrate. 2. 
Ce(N03)4, a reddish-yellow mass of crystals, soluble 
in water and alcohol. It is used as a nerve-tonic 
in irritable dyspepsia and chronic vomiting. Dose 
i-3 gr. (0.065-0.2 Gm.). Syn., eerie nitrate, c. oxa- 
late (cerii oxalus, U. S. P.), Ce2(C20<)3 . 9H2O, a 
white, granular powder, insoluble in water or alcohol, 
but soluble in hydrochloric acid. It is useful in the 
vomiting of pregnancy. Dose 1-10 gr. (0.065-0.65 
Gm.) in pill. c. valerate, has been used in the same 
class of cases as the oxalate. Dose i? gr. (0.1 Gm.). 

cerolein (se-ro'-le-in) [cera, wax]. A substance 
found in beeswax, soluble in alcohol; probably a 
mixture of fatty acids. 



cerolin (se'-ro-lin). A preparation said to be the 
active principle of yeast. It consists of the glycerides 
of fatty acids with cholesterins, lecithin and ethereal 
oil. It is said to be useful in furunculosis, acne, 
sycosis and skin affections. 

ceroma (se-ro'-mah) [cera; 5fxa, a tumor]. A cystic 
tumor the tissue of which has undergone fatty 
degeneration. 

ceromel (se'-ro-mel) [cera, wax; mel, honey]. 
Honey cerate; wax, one pait; honey, two or four 
parts. It is applied to wounds and ulcers, chiefly 
in Asiatic countries. 

ceroplastic (se-ro-plas'-tik) [cera, wax; irKaaaeiv, to 
mould]. Modeled, or as if modeled, in wax. c. 
catalepsy. See catalepsy. 

ceroplasty (se'-ro-plas-te) [cera, wax; icKturociv, to 
mould]. The modeling of anatomical preparations in 
wax. 

cerosate (se'-ro-sat). A salt of cerosic acid, 
cerosic (se-ro'-sik). Relating to cerosin. 
cerosin (se'-ro-sin) [cera, wax]. A wax-like sub- 
stance forming a white or grayish-green coating on 
some species of sugar-cane. When purified, it yields 
fine, light pearly scales. 

cerosis (ser-o'-sis) [cera, wax]. That morbid con- 
dition of a membrane in which it seems to consist of 
waxlike scales. 

cerostroma, cerostrosis (ser-o-stro'-mah, -sis). 
See ichthyosis hystrix. 

cerotate (se'-ro-tat). A salt of cerotic acid. 
cerotic (se-ro'-tik). Derived from wax. c. acid. 
See acid, cerotic. 

cerous (se'-rus). Containing cerium as a bivalent 
radical. 

certificate (ser-tif'-ik-dt) [certificare, to certify]. 
A written statement, as for insurance, or in case of 
birth or death. 

cerumen (ser-u'-men) [cera]. The wax of the ear. 
•eeruminosis (ser-u-min-o'-sis). An excessive secre- 
tion of cerumen. 

ceruminous (ser-u'-min-us) [cera]. Pertaining to 
cerumen, c. glands, glands secreting cerumen. 

ceruse (se'-rus) [L., cerussa]. 1. White lead: 
basic carbonate and hydrate of lead. 2. A white 
face-powder, c, antimony, white oxide of antimony; 
also antimonic acid. 

cerussa (se-rus'-ah). See ceruse. 
cervical (ser'-vik-al) [cervix, the neck]. Pertaining 
to the neck or to the cervix uteri, c. carcinoma, "car- 
cinoma of the neck of the uterus, c. endometritis. 
See endocervicitis. c. pregnancy, a rare condition 
in which, from atrophy of the decidual membranes, 
the impregnated ovum is not properly held in place, 
and, dropping, lodges in the cervical canal, where 
it develops until the uterus expels it. 

cervicalis (ser-vik-a'-lis) [cervix]. 1. Cervical. 
2. A cervical artery, muscle, nerve, or vein. 

cervicen (ser'-vis-en) [cervix, the neck]. Belonging 
solely to the cervix. 

cervicicardiac (ser-vis-ik-ar'-de-ak) [cervix, the 
neck; KapSia, the heart]. Relating to the neck and 
the heart, as the cervicicardiac nerves, branches of 
the vagus. 

cerviciplex (ser-vis'-ip-leks) [cervix, the neck; 
plexus, a network]. The cervical plexus. 

cervicispinal (ser-vis-e-spi'-nal). Relating to the 
neck and spinal cord. 

cervicitis (ser-vis-i'-tis) [cervix; ms, inflammation]. 
Inflammation of the cervix uteri. 

cervico- (ser'-vik-o). Prefix denoting relation to 
the neck or to the cervix of an organ. 

cervicoauricular (ser-vik-o-aw-rik'-u-lar). Relating 
to the back of the neck and the outer ear. 

cervicobasilar (ser-vik-o-bas'-il-ar). Pertaining to 
the neck and the basilar region. 

cervicobrachial (ser-vik-o-bra'-ke-al) [cervico-; bra- 

chium, the arm]. Relating to the neck and the arm. 

cervicobregmatic (ser-vik-o-breg-mat'-ik) [cervico-; 

Ppeyna, the sinciput]. Relating to the cervix or nucha 

and the bregma. 

cervicodynia (ser-vik-o-din'-e-ah) [cervico-; o&bvr), 
pain]. Cramp or neuralgia of the neck. 

cervicofacial (ser-vik-o-fa'-shal) [cervico-; fades, 
face]. Relating to the neck and the face. 

cervicohumeral (ser-vik-o-hu'-mer-al). Relating to 
the neck and the upper arm. 

cervicomuscular (ser-vik-o-mus'-ku-lar). Relating 
to the muscles of the neck. 

cerviconasal (ser-vik-o-na'-zal). Running from the 
back of the neck to the nose. 



CERVICO-OCCIPITAL 



211 



CHALODERMIA 



cervico-occipital {ser-vik-o-ok-sip'-it-al) [cervico;- 
occiput, the back of the head]. Relating to the 
neck and the back of the head. 

cervico-orbicular {ser-vik-o-or-bik' -u-lar) [cervico-; 
orbicularis, circular]. Relating to the neck and the 
orbicular muscle. 

cervicoscapular (ser-vik-o-skap' -u-lar). i. Relating 
to the back of the neck and the scapula. 2. The 
transverse artery or vein of the neck. 

cervicovaginal (ser-vik-o-vaj'-in-al) [cervico-; va- 
gina]. Relating to the cervix uteri and the vagina. 
cervicovesical (ser-vik-o-ves'-ik-al). Pertaining to 
the bladder and the cervix uteri. 

cervimeter (ser-vim'-et-er) [cervix; ukrpov, a mea- 
sure]. An instrument for measuring the cervix 
uteri. 

cervisia (ser-vis'-e-ah) [L.]. Ale or beer, cervisiae 
fermentum, beer-yeast. The ferment obtained in 
brewing beer, and produced by Saccharomyces cere- 
visics. 

cervix (ser'-viks) [L.]. A constricted portion or 
neck. c. conical, c, conoid, c, conoidal, malforma- 
tion of the cervix uteri marked by a conical shape and 
elongation, with constriction of the os externum. 
c. cornu, the constricted portion of the cornu dorsale. 
c. obstipa, c. rigida, wryneck, c. tapiroid, a cervix 
uteri with a very elongated anterior lip. c. uteri, 
the neck of the uterus, c. vesicae, the neck of the 
bladder. 

ceryl (se'-ril) [cera, wax], C27H55. An organic 
radical found in combination in beeswax. 

cesarean section, or operation [ccedere, to cut]. 
Extraction of the fetus through an incision made in 
the abdomen, c. section, postmortem, extraction of 
the child after the mother's death. 

cesarotomy (se-zar-ot'-om-e) . Cesarean section. 
cesium, caesium (se'-ze-um) [L., "bluish-gray"], 
Cs = 132.81; quantivalence I. A rare alkaline metal 
resembling potassium in physical and chemical 
properties, c. and ammonium bromide, CsBr . - 
3NH4CI. sedative used in epilepsy. Dose 15-45 gr. 
(1-3 Gm.); maximum dose 90 gr. (6 Gm.). c. bitar- 
trate, CsHQKUOe, used in nervous heart-palpitation. 
Dose 3-5 gr. (0.18-0.3 Gm.). c. bromide, is a good 
sedative, but its cost is very great, c. carbonate, 
CS2CO3; used in epilepsy, c. chloride, lowers the 
pulse-rate and raises arterial pressure. Dose 2-5 
gr. (0.13-0.32 Gm.). c. hydrate, c. hydroxide, 
CsOH, is used in epilepsy, c. and rubidium and 
ammonium bromide, CsBr.RbBr . 6(NH4Br), a 
nervine. Dose 15-45 gr- (*~3 Gm.) once or twice 
daily; maximum dose 90 gr. (6 Gm.). c. sulphate, 
CS2SO4, used as an antiepileptic. 

cestode, cestoid (ses'-tod, ses'-toid) [wards, a 
girdle; elSos, likeness]. Shaped like a girdle or 
ribbon; applied to worms, of which Tama is a type. 
cestus (ses'-tus) [L., a girdle]. The fold of the 
metatela encircling the dorsal part of the brain- 
tube. 

cetacea (se-ta'-se-ah) [ktjtos, a whale]. An order 
of mammals living in the sea, as the whale, dolphin, 
etc. 

cetaceum (se-ta'-se-um) [see cetacea]. Spermaceti. 
A fatty substance somewhat resembling paraffin 
in its physical properties. It is obtained from the 
head of the sperm-whale, Physeter macrocepkalus. 
It is soluble in ether, in chloroform, and in boiling 
alcohol, and is employed as an emollient. Cetacei, 
ceratum, contains spermaceti, 10; white wax, 35; 
olive-oil, 55 parts. Cetacei, unguentum (B. P.), 
contains spermaceti, white wax, almond-oil, and 
benzoin. 

cetic, cetinic (se'-tik, se-iin'-ik). Pertaining to 
cetin or to the whale. 

cetin (se'-tin) [see cetacea], C32H64O2. The chief 
constituent of commercial purified spermaceti. It is 
a fatty, crystalline substance, soluble in alcohol and 
ether, insoluble in water, melting at 49 ° C, and 
volatilizing at 360 C. Syn., cetinum. 

Cetraria (se-lra'-re-ah) [ccetra, a short Spanish 
shield]. 1. A genus of lichens. 2. Iceland moss — 
a lichen, C. islandica, found in Iceland and other 
northern countries. It contains a form of starch, 
lichenin, that gelatinizes when boiled with water. 
It is a feebly tonic demulcent, sometimes used in 
pulmonary affections. Cetrariae, decoctum (B. P.), 
contains 5 % of the lichen. Dose 2-4 oz. (60-120 Cc). 
cetrarin (se-tra'-rin) [ccztra, a short Spanish shield]. 
The bitter principle of Iceland moss, crystallizing in 
fine needles, and nearly insoluble in water. 



cetyl (se'-til) [celus, a whale], C16H33. An alcoholic 
radical existing in beeswax, and spermaceti. 
cevadilla (sev-ad-il'-ah). See sabadilla. 
cevadine (sev'-ad-en), C32H49NO9. A crystalline 
alkaloid of cevadilla. See veratrine. 
Ceylon sickness. Beriberi. 

ceyssatite (ses'-a-tit) [Ceyssat, a village of Puy-de- 
Dome, France]. A fossil earth from the village of 
Ceyssat, France, composed almost entirely of pure v 
silica. It is used as an absorbent dusting-powder. 

C.F. Abbreviation for Canadian Formulary of 
Unofficial Preparations. 

Cg. Abbreviation for centigram. 
C.G.S. Abbreviation for centimeter, gram, second; 
denoting that system of scientific measurements 
which takes the centimeter, the gram, and the second 
as the units respectively of distance, mass (or weight), 
and time. 

Chabert's disease (shab-air') [Philibert Chabert, 
French veterinarian, 1737-1814]. Symptomatic an- 
thrax; black-leg. Cs oil, a mixture of crude animal 
oil and oil of turpentine. 

Chaddock's external malleolar sign (chad'-ock) 
[Charles Gilbert Chaddock, American physician]. 
Extension of one or more of the toes when the 
external inframalleolar skin area is irritated; it is 
found in organic disease of the spino-cortical reflex 
paths. 

Chadwick's sign [James Read Chadwick, American 
gynecologist, 1 844-1905]. Same as Jacquemier's 
sign. 

chaeraphrosyne (ke-raf-ros'-in-e) [xalpeiv, to re- 
joice; &.<j>po(rvvri, senselessness]. Amenomania. 

chaeromania (ke-ro-ma'-ne-ah) [\aipeip, to rejoice; 
fiavia, madness]. Amenomania. 

chaff bone (chaf-bon). A name for the inferior 
maxilla. 

Chagas' disease {chah'-gahs) [Carlos Chagas, 
Spanish physician]. Parasitic thyroiditis. 

Chagres fever (shag'-ras) [Chagres, a river on the 
isthmus of Panama]. A malignant form of malaria, 
endemic on the isthmus of Panama. 

chain (chan). 1. A series of connected links of 
metal, etc. 2. In (organic) chemistry (a series of 
atoms linked together by one or more bonds). 
c. ecraseur, an eciaseur of which a chain forms the 
cutting part, c.-saw, a surgeon's saw, the teeth of 
which are linked together like a chain. 

chalastic (kal-as'-tik) [xaXaari/cos, making supple]. 
1. Emollient, softening. 2. An emollient or laxative 
medicine. 

chalastodermia (kal-as-to-der'-me-ah). Synonym 
of dermatolysis. 

chalaza (kal-a'-zah) [chalazion]. One of the twisted 
cords binding the yolk-bag of an egg to the lining 
membrane of the shell; or that part of a seed where 
its coats unite with each other and the nucleus. 

chalazia (kal-a'-ze-ah) ^chalazion], 1. The socalled 
hailstone sputa. 2. A chalazion. 

chalazion (kal-a'-ze-on) [xa\a£iov, a small hail- 
stone]. A tumor of the eyelid from retained secre- 
tion of the Meibomian glands; a Meibomian cyst. 
Syn., porosis palpebra. c. terreum, one in which 
there is degeneration of the contents and change to 
calcium carbonate and cholesterin. Syn., lithiasis 
palpebralis. 

chalazonephritis (kal-a-zo-nef-ri'-tis) [chalazion; 
nephritis]. Granular nephritis. 

chalcitis (kal-si'-tis) [xaX*6s, anything made of 
metal]. A severe inflammation of the eyes, marked 
at first by excessive lacrimation and sensitiveness to 
light, resulting in blurred vision and continued flow 
of mucus. It is due to rubbing the eyes after the 
hands have been used on brass, as is done by trolley- 
car conductors and workmen. Syn., brassy eye; 
chalkitis. 

chalcosis (kal-ko'-sis) [xoXkos, copper]. A deposit 
of copper particles in the tissues. 
chalice-cell (chal'-is). Goblet cell. 
chalicosis (kal-ik-o'-sis) [x<Wu£, gravel]. A disease 
of the lungs caused by the inhalation of dust or sand. 
chalinoplasty (kal-in-o-plas'-te) [\a\iv6s, a bridle 
or rein; irhLooew, to form]. An operation to form 
a new frenum of the tongue. 

chalk (chawk) [calx, limestone]. Calcium carbo- 
nate. See calcium, c.-stone, gout-stone — a deposit 
beneath the skin in gouty patients. 
chalkitis (kal-ki'-tis). See chalcitis. 
chalodermia (kal-o-dur'-me-ah) [xa\a<ns, a slacken- 
ing; 5epp,a, the skin]. A term for dermatolysis. 



CHALONE 



212 



CHARCOT-MARIE'S SYMPTOM 



chalone (kal'-on) [xa\av, to loosen]. An inhibitory 
hormone. See hormone. 

chalonic (kal-on'-ik). Pertaining to chalone. 

chalybeate (ka-lib'-e-at) [xaXvxfs, steeij. i. Con- 
taining iron. 2. Having the color or taste of iron. 
3. A substance or medicine containing iron. 

Chamselirium (kam-e-lir'-e-um) [xap.ai, on the earth; 
\elptov, a lily]. A genus of plants of the order 
Liliacece. The rhizome of C. luteum, devil's-bit, of 
the United States and Canada, is a uterine tonic, 
anthelmintic, diuretic, and febrifuge. Dose of 
aqueous infusion (1 oz. to 1 pint) a wineglassful. 

chamber (cham'-ber) [camera, a chamber]. A cav- 
ity or space, c, anterior (of the eye), the space 
between the cornea and the iris, c, aqueous (of 
the eye), the space between the cornea and lens. 
c, posterior (of the eye), the space between the iris 
and the lens. The chambers of the eye contain the 
aqueous humor, c, resonance, a resonant chamber 
attached to a tuning-fork for acoustic investigation. 

Chamberland filter (tsham' -ber-land) [Charles 
Edouard Chamberland, French bacteriologist, 1851- 
1908]. A filter made of unglazed porcelain; only 
ultramicroscopic microorganisms pass through it. 

chamecephalic (kam-e-sef-al'-ik) [xauai, low; /ce0- 
a\ri, head]. Characterized by chamecephaly. 

chamecephalous (kam-e-sef'-al-us). See chame- 
cephalic. 

chamecephaly (kam-e-sef'-al-e) [xauai, low; KecpaX-f), 
head]. In craniometry, that condition of the skull 
in which the cephalic index is 70 or less. A fiat 
and receding skull. 

chameconcha (kam-e-kong'-kah) [xap.ai, low; K&yxv, 
orbit]. In craniometry, an orbital index below 80.01 °. 

chameconchous (kam-e-cong'-kus) [xafial, low; 
Koyxv, concha]. In craniometry, having an orbital 
index of not more than 8o°. 

chamecranious (kam-e-kra'-ne-us) [xap.ai, low; 
Kpavibv, skull]. In craniometry, having the greatest 
length of the skull proportioned to its height. 

chameleon-phenomenon (kam-e'-le-on-fen-om'-e- 
non). A peculiar reaction shown by Bacillus pyo- 
cyaneus; when grown on agar, a light-green color is 
imparted to the medium, which after 48 hours 
turns very dark green. On potato a yellowish-brown 
growth is formed, which turns green when the super- 
ficial portion is removed by scraping, but it soon 
resumes its brown color. 

chameprosopic (kam-e-pro-so'-pik) [xauai, low; 
irpoauirov, face]. Low-faced; having the zygomatic 
facial index below 90 . 

chamocephalic (kam-o-sef-al'-ik) [xafiai, on the 
ground, low; Ke<f>a\ri, head]. See chamecephalic. 

chamois-skin (sham'-wah-, or sham' -e-skin) . Prop- 
erly the skin or tanned leather of the chamois; now 
prepared from split sheep-skin. It is used in surgery 
and for underclothing. 

chamomile (kam'-o-mll). See anthemis and 
matricaria. 

chamoprosopic (kam-o-pro-so'-pik) [xap.ai, on the 
ground; irpbauivov, face]. See chameprosopic. 

champacol (sham'-pa-kol) [champaka, Bengalese 
name]. A camphor, C17H30O, from the wood of the 
champak-tree, Mirhelia champaca. Syn., Champaca 
camphor. 

champagne (sham-pan) [Ft.]. An effervescent 
wine useful as a remedy for nausea and vomiting. 

champignon (shawm-pin-e-on(g)'). A suppurative 
inflammation of the spermatic cord of a horse, 
developing sometimes after castration. 

chancebone (chans'-bon). A name for the ischium. 

chancre (shang-ker) [Fr.]. A term formerly used 
indiscriminately for any primary venereal ulcer, but 
now generally applied to the initial lesion of syphilis 
(q. v.). c, arsenical, ulceration resembling a syph- 
ilitic chancre, but due to arsenic, c, hard, c, 
Hunterian, c, indurated, c, infecting, c, non- 
suppurating, c, true, the ulcer of syphilitic origin, 
which is followed by constitutional syphilis, c, 
nonincubatory, c, noninfecting, c, simple, c, soft, 
a contagious, suppurating, nonsyphilitic venereal 
ulcer, properly called chancroid, c, Sahara, the 
Aleppo boil. 

chancroid (shang'-kroid) [chancre; elSos, form]. 
A local, infective process, transmitted by sexual 
intercourse, and characterized by ulceration, local 
glandular involvement, and often suppuration. It 
has been variously termed the soft, nonindurated, 
simple, or nonsyphilitic chancre. See chancre, c, 
phagedenic, chancroid with a tendency to slough. 



c, serpiginous, phagedenic chancroid that spreads 
superficially in curved lines. 

chancroidal (shang-kroi'-dal). Pertaining to or of 
the nature of a chancroid. 

chancrous (shang'-krus). Of the nature of a 
chancre. 

change (chanj). The word is colloquially used for 
either the establishment or the cessation of the 
menstrual function, c. of life, the menopause. 

channel (chan'-el) [ME., chanel). See canal. 
c.s, intercellular. 1. Irregular canals of communi- 
cation between the intercellular spaces interposed 
between prickle-cells, and thought to be connected 
with the lymph-capillaries. 2. Tiny canals between 
gland-cells, c.s, intracellular, the minute canals 
which connect vacuoles in the cell-body of liver- 
cells with the biliary canaliculi or intercellular 
channels, c, lymphatic, c, plasmatic. See Reck- 
linghausen's canal, and canal, serous. 

channel-bone (chan'-el-bon). The clavicle. 

Chantreuil's method (shang-treeV) . In pelvimetry, 
a method of ascertaining the distance between the 
tuberosities of the ischia (11 cm.) in estimating 
the size of the pelvic outlet. The two thumbs are 
placed upon the tuberosities, while an assistant 
measures the distance between them. 

chap [ME., chappen, to cleave]. A slight or 
superficial fissure of the skin, usually upon the lips, 
hands, or nipples. 

chaparra amargosa. A plant growing in Mexico 
and Texas; the infusion and the fluid extract are used 
in amebic dysentery. 

chappa (chap' -ah). The name among the Popo 
people in the colony of Lagos for a disease believed 
to be neither tuberculous nor syphilitic, marked by 
severe initial pains in muscles and joints, followed by 
swelling and the formation of round multiple nodules 
the size of a pigeon's egg; without forming abscesses 
these are exposed by ulceration of the skin. The 
disease finally attacks the bones. 

characterizing group. A group of atoms in the 
molecule of a compound which distinguishes that 
class of compound from all other classes. 

charbon (shar'-bon) [Fr., "charcoal"]. Anthrax 
(q. v.). 

charcoal (char'-kol) [ME., charren, to turn; col, 
coal]. Coal made by subjecting wood to a process 
of smothered combustion. See under carbo. 

Charcot's artery (shar-ko') [Jean Martin Charcot, 
French physician, 1825-1893]. The "artery of 
cerebral hemorrhage," one of the lenticulostriate 
arteries that passes through the outer part of the 
putamen. C.'s cirrhosis. See Hanot's disease. 
C.'s crystals, octahedral crystals of the phosphate of 
Schreiner's base (spermin), found in the sputum of 
asthma, in seminal fluid, leukemic blood, and feces. 
C.'s disease. 1. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. 
2. Arthropathy of tabes dorsalis. 3. Multiple cere- 
brospinal sclerosis. C.'s fever, a septic fever occur- 
ring in cases of jaundice due to impacted gall-stones. 
C.'s gait, the gait of Friedreich's ataxia. C.'s inter- 
mittent claudication, intermittent paresthesia of the 
legs attended with pain, tremor, and excessive 
perspiration due to arteriosclerosis; a condition first 
noted by French writers in apparently healthy horses 
and afterward observed in man. Syn., angina cruris; 
angiosclerotic paroxysmal myasthenia; intermittent 
lameness; intermittent limping. C.'s joint. See 
C.'s disease (2). C.'s method. See hypnotism. C.'s 
pain, hysterical pain in the ovarian region. C.'s 
posterior root-zone. See Burdach's column. C.'s 
sensory crossway, the posterior third of the posterior 
limb of the internal capsule. Syn., carrefour sensitif. 
C.'s sign, in facial paralysis the eyebrow is raised; 
in facial contracture it is lowered. Syn., signe du 
sourcil. C.'s syndrome, intermittent claudication, 
an affection connected with arteriosclerosis of the 
lower extremities. C.'s zones, the syterogenhic zones. 
Charcot-Guinon's disease (shar-ko' -gwe-nyong'). 
Dementia complicating some cases of progressive 
muscular dystrophy. 

Charcot-Leyden's crystals (shar-ko-W -den) . See 
Charcot's crystals. 

Charcot-Marie's symptom. See Marie's symptom. 
C.-M.'s type of progressive muscular atrophy, the 
neurotic type of progressive muscular atrophy;, 
progressive neural muscular atrophy, commencing 
in the muscles of the feet and the peroneal group. 
C.-M.-Tooth's type of progressive muscular atrophy _ 
See C.-M.'s type of progressive muscular atrophy. 



CHARCOT-NEUMANN'S CRYSTALS 213 



CHEMISM 



Charcot-Neumann's crystals. See Charcot's crys- 
tals. 

Charcot-Robin's crystals. See Charcot's crystals. 

Charcot-Vigouroux's sign. See Vigouroux's sign. 

chariot (char'-e-ot). The movable coil of an induc- 
tion apparatus. 

charlatan (shar'-lat-an) [Ital., ciarlatano, a quack]. 
A quack; a pretender to medical skill; an advertising 
doctor. 

charlatanism, charlatanry (shar'-lat-an-izm, -re). 
i. The state of being a quack. 2. The practices of a 
quack. 

Charles' law (charlz) [Jacques Alexander Caesar 
Charles, French physicist, 1746-1823]. Equal incre- 
ments of temperature add equal amounts to the 
product of the volume and pressure of a given mass 
of gas. The increase is ^3 of its volume measured at 
— 273 C, which is the zero of absolute temperature. 

charleyhorse (char'-le-hors). Stiffness of the right 
arm and leg in baseball players. 

charpie (shar'-pe) [carpere, to pluck]. Picked or 
shredded lint; linen shreds for dressing wounds. 

Charriere's guillotine (shar-re-ar') [Joseph Francois 
Benoit Charriere, French instrument maker, 1803- 
1876]. An instrument for excising tonsils. C.'s 
scale, the French scale for measuring the size of 
urethral sounds or catheters; the consecutive numbers 
differ by f mm. 

charta (kar'-tah) [xapTrjs, paper]. A paper. In 
pharmacy, a strip of paper the fibers of which are 
impregnated with a medicinal substance. Also a 
wrapper for holding powders, c. cantharidis, c. 
epispastica, blistering-paper, c. emporetica, porous 
or bibulous paper, c. exploratoria, test-paper. 
c. sinapis (U. S. P.), mustard-paper. 

chartreuse (shar-trooz') [Fr.]. A tonic cordial, 
obtained by distillation from various plants growing 
on the Alps. 

chartula (kart'-u-lah) [dim. of charta]. A little 
paper, especially a paper containing a single dose of a 
medicinal powder. 

chasma, chasmus (kaz'-mah, kaz'-mus) [xcutaioj, a 
gaping]. A yawn. 

Chassaignac's axillary muscle {shas-a-nyak') 
[Edouard Pierre Marie Chassaignac, French surgeon, 
1 804-1 879]. A nonconstant muscular bundle that 
extends across the axillary hollow from the lower 
border of the latissimus dorsi to the lower border of 
the pectoralis minor or to the brachial fascia. C.'s 
tubercle, the carotid tubercle on the transverse pro- 
cess of the sixth cervical vertebra. 

chaudepisse (shod-pes) [Fr. "hot urine"]. The 
scalding and painful urination of the acute stage of 
gonorrhea. 

chauffeur's fracture (sho-fer). Same as Colles' 
fracture; caused by "back fiie" of the motor which 
suddenly jerks the crank handle in the opposite 
direction from which it is being turned. 

chaulmoogra, or chaulmugra oil (chawl-moog'-rah) 
[E. Ind.]. A fixed oil expressed from the seeds of 
Gynocardia odorata, a tree native to the East Indies. 
It is soluble in alcohol, and its properties are due to 
gynocardic acid. It is used in leprosy, in scaly 
eczema, psoriasis, and syphilitic skin affections. 
For external use, 1 part of the acid to 24 of petroleum. 
Internally, 5-10 min. (0.32-0.65 Cc.) of the oil or 
§-3 gr. (0.032-0.2 Gm.) of the acid, in capsules. 

Chaussier's areola (sho-se-a') [Frangois Chaussier, 
French physician, 1746-1828]. The areola of in- 
flammatory induration of a malignant pustule. 
C.'s line, the raphe of the corpus callosum. 

Chautard's test for acetone (sho-tar'). Allow 
sulphurous acid to pass through a solution of 0.25 
Gm. of fuchsin in 500 Cc. of water until the solution 
becomes yellow. On the addition of a portion of 
this to the liquid to be tested for acetone it will 
assume a violet color if acetone is present. 

Chauveau's retention theory (sho-vo') [Auguste 
Chauveau, French veterinarian, 1827- ]. See 
under immunity. 

chawstick (chaw'-stik). See chewstik. 

chaya, c.-root (chi'-ah). The plant, Aerva lanata. 
Syn., shaya-root. 

Ch. B. Abbreviation for Chirurgice Baccalaureus, 
Bachelor of Surgery. 

Cheadle-Barlow's disease [Walter Butler Cheadle, 
English physician]. See Barlow's disease. 

check (chek) [OF., eschec, from Pers. shah, a king]. 
A sudden stop, c.-experiment. See control experi- 
ment, c.-ligament. See ligament, check-. 



checkerberry (chek' -er-ber-e) . A popular name for 
Gaultheria procumbens. 

cheek (chek) [AS., cedce]. The side of the face; 
it is composed of fat, areolar tissue, muscles, etc. 
c. bone, the malar bone. c. teeth, the molar teeth. 

cheese (chez) [AS., else]. A food prepared from 
the casein of skimmed or unskimmed milk. 

cheesy (chez'-e) [cheese]. Of the nature of cheese. 
c. degeneration, c. necrosis, caseous degeneration 
or caseation; the conversion of the tissues into a 
substance resembling cheese, c. tubercle, a tubercle 
that has undergone cheesy necrosis. 

cheil-, cheilo- (kil-, ki-lo-). For words thus be- 
ginning see chil- or chilo-. 

cheiranthin (ki-ran'-thin). A glucoside from the 
leaves and seeds of Cheiranthus cheiri, with action 
similar to that of digitalis. 

cheiro- (ki-ro-). For words thus beginning see 
chiro-. 

chekan, cheken (chek'-en) [Chilian]. 1. The 
leaves of Eugenia cheken, a South American shrub. 
It is diuretic and expectorant and similar in action 
to eucalyptus. It is used in chronic pharyngitis, 
laryngitis, etc. Dose of the fluidextract \-i dr. 
(2-4 Cc). 2. The crude resin obtained from 
Cannabis indica. 

chelate (ke'-lat) [xvM, a claw]. 1. Claw-shaped. 
2. Having claw-shaped appendages or processes. 

chelene (ke-len'). Ethyl chloride. 

chelerythrine (kel-er' -ith-ren) , C19H17NO4. A pois- 
onous alkaloid obtained from Chelidonium. 

chelidonine (kel-id'-o-nen) [chelidonium], C19H17- 
N3O3+H2O, or C19H17NO4. A crystalline alkaloid of 
celandine (Chelidonium majus). c. phosphate, a 
white, crystalline powder, soluble in water; it is 
used as an analgesic, c. sulphate, (C2oHi9NOs)2H2S04, 
a white crystalline substance, soluble in water; it is 
a narcotic like morphine, but less toxic. Dose I5-3 
gr. (0.1-0.2 Gm.). 

chelidonism (kel-id' -on-izm) . Poisoning by Chel- 
idonium majus; it is marked by inflammation of the 
mouth and gastrointestinal tract and hematuria. 
It is due to the action of chelerythrine. 

chelidonium (kel-id-o'-ne-um) [xekiB6vi.ov, celan- 
dine]. Celandine. The leaves and stems of C. 
majus, with properties due to a number of alkaloids 
and acids. It is a drastic cathartic and externally 
an irritant, and has been used in jaundice, whooping- 
cough, and catarrhal pneumonia. Dose of the plant 
10-30 gr. (0.65-2.0 Gm.); of the juice 5-20 min. 
(0.32-1.3 Cc.). # Unof. 

chelidoxanthin (kel-id-o-zan' -thin) [chelidonium]. 
One of the bitter, crystalline constituents of celandine. 

cheloid (ke'-loid). See keloid. 

cheloma (ke-lo'-mah). Same as keloid. 

chelonin (kel'-on-in). See balmony. 

chelotomy (ke-lot'-o-me). See kelotomy. 

Chelsea pensioner (chel'-se) [Chelsea, town in 
Englandl. Compound confection of guaiacum; it 
contains guaiacum resin, 1; rhubarb, 2; acid potas- 
sium tartrate, 7.5; nutmeg, 1; sublimed sulphur, 
14.5; and clarified honey, 74. It is a popular remedy 
(in England) for rheumatism and gout. 

chematropism (kem-at'-ro-pizm). See chemotr op- 
ism, and chemotaxis. 

chemical, chemic (kem'-ik-al, kem'-ik) [chemistry]. 
Of or pertaining to chemistry, c. antidote, an anti- 
dote which decomposes a poison, c. equation, the 
formula representing a chemical reaction, c. food, 
compound syrup of phosphates, c. reflex. Same 
as humoral reflex, q. v. 

chemicity (kem-is'-it-e). The state of having 
chemical properties. 

chemicoanalytic (kem-iko-an-al-it'-ik). Relating 
to chemical analysis. 

chemicocautery (kem-ik-o-kaw'-ter-e). Cauteriza- 
tion by means of chemical agents. 

cheminosis (kem-in-o' -sis) [chemistry; vbaos, dis- 
ease]. Any disease caused by chemical agents. 

chemiotaxis, chimiotaxis (kem'-e-o-taks-is, kim'-e- 
o-taks-is). See chemotaxis. 

chemise (she-mez'). A form of surgical dressing 
made of muslin and applied after operations upon 
the rectum or bladder to control or prevent hemor- 
rhage. 

chemism (kem'-izm) [xny-f-ia., chemistry]. 1. 
Chemical force. 2. Iatrochemistry or chemiatry.- 
See spagirism. 3. The theory that assumes the 
development of the universe to be due to chemical 
processes. 



CHEMIST 



214 



CHIGNON FUNGUS 



chemist (kem'-ist). i. One skilled in chemistry. 
2. A druggist, c. pharmaceutical, a druggist. 

chemistry (kem'-is-tre) [x^aa, chemistry]. The 
science of the molecular and atomic structure of 
bodies, p., actinic, c, actino-, that treating of 
decomposition of light, c, analytic, that concerned 
in the determination of the constituents and decom- 
position-products of substances; also in the estima- 
tion of the relative proportion of their elements and 
the number and interrelation of the atoms contained 
in a molecule, c, animal, that dealing with animal 
substances, c, atomic, that concerned in the 
structure of molecules, the relations of their con- 
tained atoms, and the laws governing their com- 
bination, c, electro-. See electrochemistry, c, 
empirical, c, experimental, i. The sum of chemical 
knowledge established by experiments. 2. The car- 
rying on of experiments for determining chemical 
laws and knowledge, c, forensic, that concerned 
in legal investigations, c, galvano-. See galvano- 
chemistry. c, inorganic, the chemistry of substances 
which do not contain carbon, c, organic, the chem- 
istry of organic substances, or of the carbon com- 
pounds, c, physiological, the chemistry of the vital 
processes of animals and plants, c, pneumatic, the 
chemistry of vapors and gases, c, stcechiometric. 
See c, atomic, c, synthetic, that which deals with 
the building-up of compounds from their elements. 

chemocephalus (kem-o-sef '-al-us) [xanal, low; ne<f>- 
a\r], head]. An individual possessed of a flat head. 

chemoceptor (kem-o-sep'-tor). One of the side 
chains or receptors in a living cell, having the power 
of fixing chemical substances in the same way that 
bacterial toxins are fixed. 

chemoimmunology (kem-o-im-u-nol'-o-je). The 
study of the chemical processes concerned with the 
problem of immunity. 

chemolysis (kem-ol'-is-is). Chemical decomposi- 
tion. 

chemoreceptor (kem-o-re-sep'-tor) . See chemoceptor. 

chemosis (ke-mo'-sis) [x^/wais, a gaping). Swelling 
of the conjunctiva. 

chemosmosis (kem-os-mo'-sis) [chemistry; cb<r/i6s, 
an impulse]. Chemical action resulting from 
osmosis. 

chemosmotic (kem-os-mot'-ik). Relating to or due 
to chemosmosis. 

chemosynthesis (kem-o-sin'-thcs-is). The building 
up of compounds by chemical action. 

chemo tactic (kem-o-iak'-tik) [chemotaxis]. Pertain- 
ing or relating to chemotaxis. 

chemotaxis (kem-o-taks'-is) [chemistry; raaaeiv, 
to order, arrange]. The property of cellular attrac- 
tion and repulsion. It is displayed by the protein 
constituents of the protoplasm of various species of 
bacteria, as well as by proteids from a great variety 
of sources. The qualifications positive and negative 
are added according as the phenomenon is one of 
attraction or repulsion. 

chemotherapy (kem-o-ther'-ap-e). Treatment of 
disease based on the affinity which is supposed to 
exist between various chemical agents and the 
tissues of the body or invading microorganisms. 

chemotic ike-mot' -ik) [chemosis). Pertaining to or 
marked by chemosis. 

chemo tropism (kem-ot'-ro-pizm) [chemistry; rpoirr), 
a turning]. The destruction of bacteria by phago- 
cytes; the victory of the phagocytes over bacteria, 
or of bacteria over phagocytes. In biology, the 
attraction of leukocytes by certain chemical sub- 
stances held in solution in the blood. Cf. chemotaxis. 

chenopodium {ken-o-po' -de-um) [xv"> a goose; 
■koSlov, a little foot]. American wormseed; the fruit 
of C. ambrosioides, or anthelminticum, a plant native 
to the United States, with properties due to a volatile 
oil, which is the only preparation used. It is an 
efficient anthelmintic against the roundworm, c, 
oil of {oleum chenopodii, U. S. P.). Dose 5-15 min. 
(0.32-1.0 Cc). 

cheoplastic (ke-o-plas'-tik) [x&w, to pour; ir\aa- 
tikos, plastic]. Made soft and yielding by heat. 
c. metal, an alloy composed of tin, silver, and bis- 
muth, with a small trace of antimony 

Cherchewsky's disease (sher-shef'-ske) [Michael 
Cherchewsky, Russian physician]. Nervous ileus. 
An affection, closely simulating intestinal obstruc- 
tion, that has been observed in neurasthenia. 

cheromania, chseromania (ker-o-ma'-ne-ah). See 
amenomania. 

cherophobia iker-o-fo'-be-ah) [xaipeiv, to rejoice; 



<pbfios, fear]. Morbid fear of gaiety, or of being happy, 
cherry (cher'-e) [icepavos, cherry-tree]. The bark 
of the common cherry, Prunus serotina, a mild bitter 
and tonic containing tannin. Dose of fluidextract 
£-1 dr. (2-4 Cc). Prunin, a concentrated extract; 
dose 1-3 gr. (0.065-0.2 Gm.). See also choke-cherry 
and Prunus virginiana. c.-laurel, the European 
evergreen cherry, Prunus laurocerasus. Water 
distilled from its leaves is used in the same way as 
dilute hydrocyanic acid. Dose 30 min.-i dr. (2-4 
Cc). c, wild. See prunus. 

chervil (shur'-vil) [AS., cerfille]. The European 
potherb Anthriscus cerefolium. It is said to be 
deobstruent, diuretic, and emmenagog. 

Chervin's method (sher'-van) [Claudius Chervin, 
French teacher, 1 824-1 896]. A method of treating 
stuttering. 

chest. See thorax, c, alar, c, paralytic, c, 
phthisical, c, pterygoid, a narrow thorax having a 
winged appearance from abnormal projection of the 
wings of the scapula, c, barrel-, a peculiar forma- 
tion of the chest observed in cases of long-standing 
emphysema of the lungs; it is round, like a barrel, 
and in respiration is lifted vertically instead of being 
expanded laterally, c, emphysematous. See c, 
barrel-. 

chestnut. See castanea. 

chewstick (chu'-stik). The bark of Gonania 
domingensis , a popular aromatic bitter in the West 
Indies. It is also used as a dentifrice and masti- 
catory. Dose of the fluidextract j-ij. 

Cheyne's nystagmus. See Cheyne-Stokes' nystag- 
mus. C.'s symptom. See Cheyne-Stokes' respiration. 

Cheyne's operation (chain) [William Watson 
Cheyne, English surgeon]. For the radical cure 
of femoral hernia; after reducing the hernia, a flap 
of the pectineus muscle is raised and made to cover 
the hernialforifice. 

Cheyne-Stokes' asthma (chain-stoks) [John Cheyne, 
Scotch^physician, 1777-1836; William Stokes, Irish 
physician, 1804-1878]. Dyspnea due to pulmonary 
congestion*' in an advanced stage of chronic myo- 
carditis. C.-S.'s nystagmus, a variety of nystagmus 
in which the oscillations of the eyeball have a rhyth- 
mic variation similar to the rhythm of Cheyne- 
Stokes' respiration. C.-S.'s phenomenon, C.-S.'s 
respiration, a peculiar type of breathing in which 
there is a rhythmic increase of the respirations up 
to a certain degree of rapidity, then gradually de- 
creasing again to temporary cessation. It occurs 
in certain grave affections of the central nervous 
system, heart, and lungs, and in intoxications. 

Chian (ki'-an). Pertaining to Chios, an island in 
the iEgean Sea. C. turpentine. See terebinthina. 

chiasm, chiasma (ki'-azm, ki-az'-mah) [x<-a$eiv, to 
make a cross, as an X]. 1. The optic commissure. 
2. A crossing, c, Camper's. See Camper's chiasm. 

chiasmal (ki'-az-mal). Pertaining to the optic 
chiasm. 

chiastometer (ki-as-tom f -et-er) [xia<rr6s, crossed; 
nerpov, a measure]. An instrument for measuring 
any deviation of the optic axes from parallelism. 

chibou (see-boo') [Fr.]. The resin or gum of 
Bur sera gummifera, a tree in Florida and tropical 
America; it is locally valued in diseases of the lung 
and kidneys, and is used in various plasters and 
ointments; it is called also cachibou and archipin. 

chickahominy fever (chik-a-hom'-in-e). A synonym 
of Typhomalarial fever. 

chicken (chik'-en) [AS., cicen]. The domestic 
fowl, c.-breast, an abnormally prominent condition 
of the sternum and of the sternal region; pigeon- 
breast; it is seen in rhachitic persons, etc. c. cholera. 
See cholera, chicken, c.-fat clot, a clot of blood, yel- 
lowish in color, consisting largely of fibrin, and con- 
taining but few red cells, c.-pox. See varicella. 

chicle. See batata. 
- chicory (chik'-or-e). dehor ium intybus, a com- 
posite plant of Europe and Asia, naturalized and 
growing in the United States. Its ground root is 
used to adulterate coffee. 

chielin (ki'-el-in). A thick, nontoxic, brown, vis- 
cous substance isolated from the bulb of the tulip. 
It is recommended in eczema and in skin diseases in 
veterinary practice. 

Chiene's lines [John Chiene, Scotch surgeon, 19th 
cent.]. Imaginary lines designed to aid in localizing 
the cerebral centers in operations upon the brain. 

chignon fungus (shen-yon(g)) [Fr.]. A fungoid 
disease of the hair in which oval or roundish masses 



CHIGOE 



215 



CHIRATIN 



s urround the hair-shaft at irregular intervals. It is 
also miscalled chignon gregarine. 

chigoe (chig'-o) [Ft., chique]. Sand-flea; sarcop- 
sylla penetrans, a small parasite of the skin, affecting 
usually that portion between the toes and fingers; 
also the red harvest mite, leptus irritans. It is also 
written chigo, chegoe, chigga, chiggre, chigger, jigger. 

chilalgia (kil-al'-je-ah) [xeiXos, lip; &\y6s, pain]. 
Neuralgia affecting the lips. 

chilblain (chil'-blan) [AS., cele, cold; blegen, a boil]. 
A congestion and swelling of the skin, due to cold, 
and attended with severe itching or burning; vesicles 
and bullae may form, and these may lead to ulcera- 
tion^ Syn., erythema pernio; pernio. 

childbed. The popular term for the puerperal 
state, c. fever, puerperal fever. 

childbirth. Parturition. 

child-crowing. The crowing sound of the respira- 
tion that characterizes laryngismus stridulus. 

chilectropion (ki-lek-tro'-pe-on) [xetXos, lip; ectro- 
pion]. Eversion of the lip. 

Chili saltpeter. Sodium nitrate. 

chilitis (ki-li'-tis) [x^Xos, lip; ins, inflammation]. 
Inflammation of the lip. 

chill (chit) [AS., cele, chilliness]. A sensation of 
cold accompanied by shivering, usually appearing 
shortly after exposure to cold or wet. It is frequently 
the initial symptom of acute disorders, as pneumonia, 
etc. It is a prominent symptom of various forms of 
malarial fever. 

chills and fever. A popular term for intermittent 
fever. 

chilo- (ki-lo-) [xeTAoj, lip]. A prefix meaning 
relating to the lips. 

chiloangioscope (ki-lo-an'-je-o-skop) [xeiXos, lip; 
ayyelov, vessel; o-noireiv, to look]. An apparatus for 
observing the circulation of the blood in the human 
lip. 

chiloangioscopy (ki-lo-an-je-os'-ko-pe) [xeZXos, lip; 
ayyeiop, vessel; anoirelv, to look]. The use of the 
cheiloangioscope. 

chilocace (kil-ok'-as-e) [xeiXos, lip; kclkos, evil]. 
A firm, reddish swelling of the lip in scrofulous 
children. 

chilognathopalatoschisis (ki-log-nath-o-pal-at-os'-ki- 
s*s) txetXos, lip; yvaBos, jaw; palatum, the palate; 
<rxtff«, a splitting]. Marchand's term for a mal- 
formation marked by fissure of the lip, alveolar 
process, and palate. 

chilognathus (ki-log'-na-thus) [xeiXos, lip; ypaBos, 
jaw]. Harelip. 

chilogramma {ki-lo- gr am' -mah) [xeiXos, lip; ypdp.p.a, 
a mark: pi., cheilogrammata]. Jadelot's labial line. 

chiloncus (ki-long'-kus) [xeiXos, lip; 6y/cos, tumor]. 
Tumor of the lip. 

chiloplasty (ki'-lo-plas-te) [xeiXos, lip; irXL^eiv, 
to form]. Any plastic operation upon the lip. 

chilorrhagia (ki-lor-a'-je-ah) [xeiXos, lip; pyyvwai, 
to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from the lips. 

chiloschisis (ki-los' -kis-is) [xeiXos, lip; <rxia«, a 
split]. Hare-lip. c. complicated, harelip attended 
with fissure of the palate or of the alveolar arch. 

chilostomatoplasty (ki-lo- sto-mat-o-plas'-te) [xetXoj, 
lip; <TTona, mouth; irXaaaeiv, to form]. Chiloplasty 
including restoration of the mouth. 

chimaphila (ki-maf'-il-ah) [x«Ipa, winter; <fi[kos, 
loving]. Pipsissewa; prince's-pine; the leaves of 
C. umbellata, an evergreen found in the United 
States, an astringent tonic and excellent diuretic. 
The bruised leaves are used as a rubefacient. It is 
valuable in dropsy, in renal disease, and in affections 
of the urinary passages, c, decoction of (decoclum 
chimaphila, B. P.). Dose 1-3 oz. (30-90 Cc). 
c, fluidextract of (fluidextr actum chimaphila, U. S. 
P.). Dose |-2 dr. (2-8 Cc). 

chimaphilin (ki-maf -il-in) . A resinoid from the 
leaves of Chimaphila umbellata; diuretic in dose of 
from one to four grains (0.065 to 0.26 Gm.). 

chimney-sweep's cancer. See carcinoma, chimney- 
sweep's. 

chimogene (ki'-mo-jen) [x«A"^, cold winter 
weather; yewa^, to produce]. A highly volatile 
liquid proposed by Vanderweyde as a substitute for 
rhigolene, ether, etc., producing cold in local anes- 
thesia. 

chin [AS., tin]. The mentum; the lower part of 
the face, at or near the symphysis of the lower jaw. 
c.-cough, whooping cough, c.-jerk, c.-renex. See 
jaw-jerk and under reflex. 

china (kin' -ah or ke'-nah). Same as cinchona. 



chinaphthol (kin-af'-thol). A yellow, bitter, 
insoluble powder, used as an intestinal antiseptic. 
Dose 7i-75 gr. (0.5-5.0 Gm.) daily. Syn., quinine 
belanaphthol-a-monosulphate. 

chinaseptol (kin-a-sep'-tol). See diaphtol. 

chinine, chininum (kin'-en, kin-in'-um). See 
quinine. 

cbinoform (kin'-o-form). A compound of formal- 
dehyde with cincho tannin. Syn., quinoform. 

chinoidine, chinoidinum (kin-oi'-den, kin-oi-di'- 
num) [Sp., china]. Quinoidine. A mixture of 
amorphous alkaloids obtained in the manufacture of 
quinine. It has the therapeutic properties of qui- 
nine. Dose 1-20 gr. (0.065-1.3 Gm.). c, animal, a 
substance giving, like quinine, a blue fluorescence in 
solutions of dilute acids, first obtained by Bence- 
Jones from the liver, but found in all the organs and 
tissues of the body, especially in the nerves, c. 
borate, yellowish scales, soluble in water and alcohol, 
used as is chinoidine. Dose 8-15 gr. (0.5-1.0 Gm.). 
c. citrate, reddish scales, soluble in water and alcohol. 
Dose 5-25 gr. (0.32-1.6 Gm.). c. tannate, a yellow 
or brown powder, slightly soluble in alcohol; anti- 
pyretic, astringent, and tonic. Dose 2-12 gr. 
(0.13-0.8 Gm.). In veterinary practice it is given 
in hog-cholera in 24 gr. (1.5 Gm.) doses 3 times 
daily. 

chinol (kin'-ol). Quinoline monohypochlorite, 
C9H6N . CIO, a white, crystalline, odorless powder, 
with a pungent taste; soluble in alcohol, almost 
insoluble in cold or hot water. It is antipyretic and 
analgesic. Dose 3-5 gr. (0.19-0.32 Gm.). 

chinoline, chinolina (kin'-o-len, kin-o-W -nah) . 
See quinoline. 

chrnone (kin' -on). See quinone. 

chinopyrin (kin-o-pi'-rin). See quinopyrine. 

chinoral (kin'-or-al). An oily, bitter liquid con- 
taining quinine and chloral; antiseptic and hypnotic. 
Dose 1-15 gr. (0.06-1.0 Gm.). Syn., quinochloral. 

chinosol (kin'-o-sol). See quinosol. 

chinotoxin (kin-o-toks'-in). A synthetic compound 
said to possess properties similar to those of curare. 
Syn., diquinolin dimethyl sulphate. 

chinotropin (ki-no-tro'-pin). Quinate of urotropin; 
used as a urinary antiseptic and uric acid solvent; 
dose, gr. 5-15 (0.3-10 Gm.). 

chinovin (kin'-o-vin) [china, quinine], C30H38O8. 
A glucoside obtained from cinchona. 

chiolin (ki'-ol-in). A proprietary remedy for 
diseases of the skin. 

chionablepsia, chionablepsy (ki-on-ab-lep' -se-ah, 
ki-on-ab-lep'-se) [x'«", snow; a(3\&pia, without 
sight]. Loss of sensibility of the retina resulting 
from the exposure of the eyes to reflection of the 
sunlight upon snow; snow-blindness. 

chionanthin (ki-o-nan'-thin) [x^v, snow; avdos, a 
flower]. A precipitate from the tincture of the 
rootbark of Chionanthus virginiana; it is an aperient, 
diuretic, tonic, and narcotic. Dose 1 to 3 grains. 

Chionanthus (ki-o-nan' -thus) [x^v, snow; avdos, a 
flower]. A genus of oleaceous trees and shrubs. 
C. virginiana, fringe-tree or poison-ash. The root is 
used as a vulnerary. 

chionyphe (ki-on'-if-e). Madura-foot. 

chionyphe (ki-on'-if-e) [xwv, snow; i><j>ri, a texture]. 
1. See mycetoma. 2. A genus of fungi, c. Carteri, 
a parasitic fungus, apparently the cause of the 
disease known as fungus foot, or madura foot, q. v. 

chiragra (ki-rag'-rah) [x«P, the hand; ay pa, a 
seizure]. Gout in the hand. 

chiralgia (ki-ral'-je-ah). See chiragra. 

chirapsia (ki-rap' '-se-ah) [xe'p. hand; a^is, a 
touching]. Friction with the hand; massage. 

chirarthritis (ki-rar-thri'-tis) [x«P, hand; apdpov, 
a joint; ins, inflammation]. Rheumatism or ar- 
thritis of the hand. 

chirata, chiretta (ke-ra'-tah, ke-re'-tah) [Hind., 
chiraela, a species of gentian]. The dried plant of 
Swertia chirayita. It resembles gentian in its thera- 
peutic properties, and is an excellent tonic. It does 
not contain tannin. Dose of the powdered plant 
15-30 gr. (1-2 Gm.). c, fluidextract of (fluidextr actum 
chirata, U. S. P.). Dose 15-30 min. (1-2 Cc). c, 
infusion of (infusum chirata, B. P.). Dose 2 oz. 
(64 Cc). c, tincture of (tinctura chirata, B. P.) 
(10 % strength). Dose \-2 dr. (2-8 Cc). 

chiratin, chirettin (kir-at'-in, ki-ret'-in) [Hind., 
chiraela, a species of gentian], C26H48O15. A light- 
yellow, crystalline, bitter glucoside, obtained from 
chirata. 



CHIRETTA 



216 



CHLORALIN 



chiretta (kir-et'-ah). See chirata. 

chirismus (ki-riz'-mus) [xet.pt.op6s, a handling]. 
I. Manipulation; a kind of massage. 2. Spasm of the 
hand. 

chiro-, cheiro- (ki-ro-) [xdp, the hand]. A prefix 
meaning hand. 

chirokinesthetic (ki-ro-kin-es-thet'-ik) [xdp, hand; 
kinesthetic]. Relating to the subjective perception 
of the motions of the hand, particularly in writing. 

chirol (ki'-rol). A solution of resins and fatty oils 
in a mixture of ethers and alcohols, used as a pro- 
tective varnish for the hands in surgery. 

chirology (ki-rol'-o-je) [xdp, hand; \6yos, science]. 
A method of communicating with deaf-mutes by 
means of the hands; it is distinct from dactylology. 

chiromancy (ki-ro-man'-se). See palmistry. 

cbiromania {ki-ro-ma'-ne-ah) [xdp, hand; pavla, 
insane desire]. Masturbation. 

chiromegaly (ki-ro-meg'-al-e) [xdp, hand; peyaXrj, 
large]. Enlargement of one, or both hands, but not 
of akromegalic nature. Syn., pseudoakrcmegaly. 

chirometer (ki-rom'-et-ur) [xdp, hand; pkrpov, 
measure]. Osiander's instrument for measuring a 
distance on the finger in manual pelvimetry. 

chiropelvimeter (ki-r o-p el-vim' -et-er) [chiro-; pelvis; 
p-erpov, a measure]. In manual pelvimetry, an 
instrument for measuring the hand. 

chiroplasty (ki'-ro-plas-te) [xdp, hand; nXaooeiv, 
to form]. A plastic operation on the hand. 

chiropodalgia (ki-ro-pod-al'-je-ah). See acrodynia. 

chiropodist {ki-rop' -o-dist) [chiro-; irovs, foot]. 
A surgeon or person who professionally treats dis- 
eases of the hands and feet, especially corns, bunions, 
and affections of the nails. 

chiropody (ki-rop' -od-e) [xdp, hand; irous, foot]. 
The business or profession of a chiropodist. 

chiropompholyx (ki-ro-pom-fo'-liks) [xdp, hand; 
7r6p.0oXu£, blister]. Dysidrosis: pompholyx; an ill- 
defined, inflammatory skin-disease confined to the 
hands and feet, and characterized by the develop- 
ment of peculiar vesicles or blebs, arranged in groups. 

chiropractic (ki-ro-prak'-tik) [xdp, the hand; 
vpaaauv, to do]. A method of restoring health by 
manipulation of the spinal column. 

chirospasm (ki' -ro-spazm) [xdp, the hand; oira.op.bs, 
a drawing]. Writers' cramp. 

chirotheca, cheirotheca (ki-ro-the'-ka) [chiro-; 017/07, 
case]. A long, narrow roller bandage for wrapping 
the fingers, c. completa, one for all the fingers of a 
hand. c. incompleta, one for a single finger only. 

chirurgeon (ki-rur'-jon) [xeipovpybs, a surgeon]. 
A surgeon. 

chirurgery (ki-rur'-jer-e) [chirurgia, from xdp, 
hand; tpyov, work]. Same as surgery. 

chirurgia (ki-rur'-je-ah) [see chirurgeon]. Surgery. 

chirurgical (ki-rur'-jik-al) [xeipovpyia, surgery]. 
Pertaining to surgery. 

chirurgicogynecological (ki-rur-je-ko-jin-e-kol-oj'-ik- 
al). Pertaining to surgical operations for gyneco- 
logical conditions. 

chitin (ki'-tin) [x^twv, a tunic], C15H26N2O10. A 
colorless skeleton; the animal analogue of the cellulose 
of plants. 

chitinization (kit-in-iz-a'-shun). Transformation 
into chitin. 

chitinous (ki'-tin-us). Resembling chitin. c. de- 
generation, amyloid degeneration. 

chitonitis (ki-ton-i'-tis) [xit&v, a tunic; ins, in- 
flammation]. Inflammation of any investing mem- 
brane. 

chitosan (kit'-o-san), C14H26N2O10. A cleavage- 
product of chitin heated to 180 C. with alkali and 
a little water; it is soluble in dilute acids. 

chittim-bark (chit' -im-bark) . See cascara sagrada. 

chlamydobacteria (klam-id-o-bak-te'-re-ah) [x\apvs, 
mantle; bacteria]. Bacteria surrounded by a thick 
capsule or sheath. 

chlamydospore (klam'-id-o-spor) [x^apvs, mantle; 
oiropa, seed]. In biology, applied to a spore having 
its own protective envelope. 

chlamydozoa (klam-id-o-zo'-ah) [x^apvs, cloak; 
fwoj/, animal]. Protozoa consisting of a cell or cells 
surrounded by a capsule. 

chliasma (kli-az'-mah) [x^i-aiveiv, to make warm]. 
A fomentation, a poultice. 

chloasma (klo-az'-mah) . [x^oa^eiv, to be pale 
green]. A deposit of pigment in the skin, occurring 
in patches of various sizes and shapes, and of a 
yellow, brown, or black color. Syn., discolor ations; 
melanoderma; melasma, c. hepaticum, liver-spots; 



a form following dyspepsia and popularly associated 
with hepatic disturbance, c. phthisicorum, the 
brown patches upon the skin of the forehead or upper 
portions of the cheeks in tuberculous patients, c. 
uterinum, chiefly located on the forehead, temples, 
cheeks, nipples, and median line of abdomen. They 
are marked during pregnancy, and often during 
menstruation. 

chloracetic acid (klor-as-e'-tik). See acid, chlor- 
acetic. 

chloracetization (klor-as-et-iz-a'-shun). The pro- 
duction of local anesthesia by chloroform and glacial 
acetic acid. 

•chloracetyl (klor-as'-et-il). 1. C2CI2. A radical 
formed from acetyl by the replacement of hydrogen 
with chlorine. 2. Acetyl chloride. 

chloracne (klor-ak'-ne) [chlorine; acne]. An acnei- 
form eruption of the face, chest and back, occurring 
in workers in* chlorine, and the chlorides. 

chloral (klo'-ral) [chlorine; aldehyde], C2CI3HO. A 
pungent, colorless, mobile liquid. The name is 
often misapplied to chloral hydrate. Syn., aceto- 
chloral; trichlorated or trichloracetic aldehyde, c, 
anhydroglyco-, chloralose. c, anhydrous, chloral 
as distinguished from chloral hydrate, c. antipyrine. 
See hypnal. c, butyl- (butyl-chloral hydras, B. P.), 
croton-chloral, C4H5CI3 +OH2O, a solid occurring in 
crystalline scales, resembling chloral hydrate, but 
made with butyl, OH9, as a base, instead of ethyl, 
C2H5. Its properties are similar to those of chloral, 
but are much feebler. Dose 5-20 gr. (0.32-1.3 Gm.) 
in syrup, c.-caffeine, the residue upon evaporation 
of a concentrated aqueous or alcoholic solution of 
chloral hydrate 7.8 parts and caffeine 10 parts; 
hypnotic, sedative, and analgesic. Injection, 3-6 
gr. (0.2-0.4 Gm.) 2 or 3 times daily, c, camphor- 
ated, a liquid made by triturating equal parts of 
chloral hydrate and camphor; it is an anodyne. 
c. hydrate (chloralum hydratum, U. S. P.), a colorless, 
crystalline solid having the composition QHCLKHO^; 
the hydrate of chloral. It is a powerful hypnotic, 
antispasmodic, and depressant to the cerebral, 
medullary, and spinal centers, and to a limited 
extent is an anesthetic. It is serviceable in fevers 
accompanied by cerebral excitement, in chorea, 
convulsions, and in delirium tremens, but should be 
used with great caution. Dose 5-20 gr. (0.32-1.3 
Gm.). c, syrup of (B. P.). Dose \-2 dr. (2-8 Cc). 
c. urethane. See uralium. 

chlorala.cetaldoidme](klo-ral-as-et-al-doks'-im) , C4H6- 
NO2CI3. A white, crystalline powder, soluble in 
alcohol and ether, melting at 74° C. It is hypnotic. 

chloralacetophenonoxime (klo-ral-as-et-o-fe-non-oks'- 
im), C6H5 . CH3C. A substance forming colorless 
prisms, soluble in alcohol and ether, melting at 8i° C. 
It is used in tetanus and epilepsy. 

chloralacetoxime (klo-ral-as-et-oks'-im), C4H8N2O. 
CI3. A white, crystalline powder, soluble in alcohol 
and ether, and melting at 72 C. It is hypnotic. 

chloralamide (klo-ral'-am-id). See chloralform- 
amide. 

chloralbacid (klo-ral-bas'-id). A compound of 
chlorin and albumin. It is used as a tonic in gastric 
disorders. Dose 73-15 gr- (0.5-1.0 Gm.). c. 
sodium, a compound of chloralbacid and sodium; 
it is used in gastric and intestinal affections. Dose 
15-30 gr. (1-2 Gm.) before meals. 

chloralbenzaldoxime (klo-ral-ben-zal-doks'-im), C9- 
H8NO2CI3. A white, crystalline powder, soluble in 
alcohol and ether, melting at 62 ° C. It is hypnotic 
and antiseptic. 

chloralcamphoroxime (klo-ral-kam-for-oks'-im), C12- 
H18NO2CI3. A white, crystalline powder, soluble in 
alcohol and ether, melting at 98 C. It is hypnotic, 
stimulant, and antiseptic. 

chloralformamide (klo-ral-form'-am-id). A crystal- 
line solid (chloralformamidum, U. S. P.), C3H4CI3NO2. 
Used as a hypnotic. Dose 30-45 gr. (2-3 Gm.). 

chloralic (klo-ral'-ik). Relating to chloral. 

chloralid (klo'-ral-id) [chloral], C5H2CI6O3. A sub- 
stance obtained when trichlorlactic acid is heated to 
1 50°, with an excess of chloral; it crystallizes from 
alcohol and ether, in large prisms, and is insoluble in 
water. 

chloralimide (klo-ral'-im-id) [chloral; imide], CCI3 .- 
CH . NH. A hypnotic allied to chloral, soluble in 
alcohol. The dose is the same as that of chloral 
hydrate. 

chloralin (klo'-ral-in). An antiseptic fluid con- 
taining monochlorphenol and bichlorphenol. It is 



CHLORALISM 



217 



CHLOROFORM 



used in 2 to 3 % solution; as a gargle, in 0.5 to 1 % 
solution. 

chloralism (klo'-ral-izm) [chloral]. 1. Chloral- 
poisoning, the morbid state caused by the injudicious 
use of chloral. 2. The habit of using chloral. 

chloralization (klo-ral-iz-a'-shun). 1. See chloralism. 
2. Anesthesia by means of hydrated chloral. 

chloralize (klo'-ral-lz) [chloral]. To put under 
influence of chloral. 

chloralorthofonn (klor'-al-or'-tho-form). Trade 
name of a combination of chloral and orthoform 
recommended as a local anaesthetic. 

chloralose (klo'-ral-os) [chloral; glucose], CsHn- 
CI3O5. Anhydroglyco-chloral ; a product of the 
action of anhydrous chloral upon glucose. It is 
used as a hypnotic. Dose 3-14 gr. (0.2-0.9 Gm.). 

chloraloximes {klo-ral-oks'-ims) . A series of chem- 
ical compounds the physiological activities of which 
are claimed to be due to their splitting up in the 
system into chloral hydrate and their respective 
oximes. See chloralacetoxime, chloralbenzaldoxime, 
etc. 

chloraloxylose (klo-r al-o-zi'-los) [chloral; xylose]. 
A combination of hydrated chloral and xylose. A 
convulsivant. 

chloralum (klo'-ral-um). 1. Chloral. 2. Crude 
aluminum chloride mixed with various sodium and 
calcium salts; a disinfectant, c. hydratum, the 
official name of chloral hydrate in the U. S. P. 

chloralurethane (klo-r al-u'-re-than). Same as ural. 

chloramide (klo' -ram-id). Same as chloralamide. 

chloranemia, chloranaemia (klor-an-e'-me-ah). 
Synonym of chlorosis. 

chloranodyne (klor-an'-o-din) [chlorine; anodyne], 
A proprietary remedy, introduced as an improvement 
on chlorodyne. It contains morphine hydrochloride, 
tincture of cannabis indica, chloroform, dilute 
hydrocyanic acid, and aromatics. Dose for an adult 
15 min. (1 Cc). 

chlorargentate (klor-ar'-j en-tat). A combination of 
silver chloride with the chloride of some other radical 
or element. 

chlorarsenous (klor-ar-se'-nus) . Arsenous and also 
containing chlorine. 

chlorate (klo'-rat) [chlorine]. A salt of chloric 
acid. 

chlorated (klo'-ra-ted). Containing, combined 
with, or charged with chlorine. 

chlorazol (klo'-raz-ol). A highly toxic, oily liquid, 
obtained from albumin, glutin, or dried muscle by 
action of strong nitric and hydrochloric acids. 

chlorbenzoyl (klor-ben'-zo-tl) . See benzoyl chloride. 

chlorbromide (klor-bro'-mid) . A combination of a 
radical with chlorine and bromine. 

chlorcamphor (klor-kam' -for) . A name for several 
compounds of chlorine and camphor. 

chloremia, chloraemia {klo-re'-me-ah) [\\wp6s, green; 
alfia, blood]. A blood-disorder, either idiopathic or 
associated with other ailments, consisting in a dimin- 
ution of the percentage of the hemoglobin and a 
decrease in the number of red blood-corpuscles. 

chlorepatitis (klor-ep-at-i'-tis) [chlorine; hepatitis]. 
Chronic hepatitis combined with chlorosis. 

chlorephidrosis (klor-ef-id-ro'-sis) [chlorine; e<t>L8po- 
ais, perspiration]. A condition characterized by 
greenish perspiration. 

chlorethyl (klo-r eth'-il). See ethyl chloride. 

chlorethylene (klor-eth '-il-en) . A substance formed 
from ethylene by replacement of one or more atoms 
of hydrogen with chlorine, c. chloride, c. dichloride, 
C2H3C13, an oil with odor like that of ethene chloride, 
boiling at 115 C; employed as an anesthetic. 

chlorethylidene (klor-eth' -il-id- en). A chlorine 
substitution-compound of ethylidene. c. chloride, 
c. dichloride, C2H4CI2, a liquid used as an anesthetic. 
Syn., chlorinated ethyl chloride; monochlor ethylidene 
dichloride. 

chloretone (klor'-et-dn). See acetone chloroform. 

chlorhematin (klor-hem'-a-tin). See hemin. 

chlorhydria (klor-hi'-dre-ah). An excess of hydro- 
chloric acid in the stomach. 

chlorhydric (klor-hi'-drik). Composed of chlorine 
and hydrogen; hydrochloric. 

chloric (klo'-rik) [chlorine]. Pertaining to or con- 
taining chlorine, c. acid. See acid, chloric, c. 
ether. 1. See ethyl chloride. 2. See chloroform, 
spirit of. 

chloride, chlorid (klo'-rid) [chlorine]. A binary 
compound, one of the elements of which is chlorine. 
c, methyl-. See under anesthetic, local. 



chloridrometer (klor-id-rom'-et-ur) [chloride; p.krpov, 
measure]. An apparatus for the estimation of chlo- 
rides in the urine. 

chlorimetry (klor-im'-et-re) [chlorine; \ikrpov, a 
measure]. The estimation of the amount of avail- 
able chlorine in a compound. 

chlorine, chlorin {klo' -r in) [xXwpos, green]. Chlor- 
um. CI =35.46; quantivalence I. A greenish-yellow 
gas, prepared by decomposing sodium chloride, 
NaCl. It is highly irritative to the skin and mucous 
membranes, producing spasmodic closure of the 
glottis. It is a valuable disinfectant. The liquor 
calcis chloridi (B. P.) contains 1 pound of the salt 
to a gallon of water. Chloride of lime (calx chlorinata, 
U. S. P.), a hypochlorite of calcium, contains free 
chlorine and is a valuable disinfectant. Dose, in- 
ternally, 3-6 gr. (0.2-0.4 Gm.). c.-hunger, the 
condition of the body when chlorine (usually in the 
form of common salt) is lacking. Among the im- 
mediate results of this deficiency are indigestion and 
albuminuria, c.-vapor (B. P.), used for inhalation. 
c.-water (liquor chlori compositus, U. S. P.), contains 

4 % of the gas in solution. It is a good antiseptic 
wash. Dose internally 10-30 min. (0.65-2.0 Cc). 

chlorinated (klo'-rin-a-ted). Containing chlorine 
or combined with it. 

chloriodoform (klo-r i-o' -do-form) , CHCI2I. A yel- 
low oil obtained from chloroform by replacement of 
one atom of chlorine by an atom of iodine; it boils 
at 13 1 ° C. and does not solidify. 

chloriodolipol (klo-ri-o-do-lip'-ol). A combination 
of creosote and chlorinated phenols, a disinfectant 
and antiseptic; in surgery, 2 to 3 % solution is em- 
ployed; for inhalation in diseases of the air-passages, 

5 % solution. 

chlorite (klo'-rit). Any one of the salts of chlorous 
acid; they are used as bleaching and oxidizing agents. 

chlormethyl (klor-meth'-il). Methyl chloride. 
' chloroalbumin (klo-ro-al'-bu-min). A derivative of 
peptone, protogen, or albumoses by action of chlorine. 

chloroanemia, chloroanaemia (klo-ro-an-e'-me-ah). 
Same as chloranemia. 

chlorobrom (klo'-ro-brom) [chlorine; bromine]. A 
solution each ounce of which contains 30 grains of 
chloralamide and of potassium bromide. It is hyp- 
notic and useful in sea-sickness. 

chlorobromhydrin (klo-r o-brom-hi'-dr in). A sub- 
stance formed from glycerol by replacement of two 
molecules of hydroxyl with one atom of chlorine 
and one of bromine. Syn., Allyl chlorobromhydrin. 

chlorodyne (klo'-ro-dln) [chlorine; bbvvrf, painj. 
An English proprietary remedy supposed to contain 
chloroform, ether, morphine, cannabis indica, 
hydrocyanic acid, and capsicum. It is anodyne 
and narcotic. Dose 10-30 min. (0.65-2.0 Cc). 

chloroform (klo'-ro-form) [xXwpos, green; formyl]. 
Methyl trichloride, CHCI3. A heavy, colorless liquid 
obtained by the action of chlorinated lime on methyl- 
alcohol. The commercial article, chloroformum 
venale, contains 2 % of impurities. Administered 
internally in large doses, chloroform produces narcosis 
and violent gastroenteritis. In small doses it is 
antispasmodic and carminative. Chloroform has 
an agreeable odor and a sweetish taste. It solidifies 
in the cold, boils at 62° C, and has a specific gravity 
at 15 C. of 1.502. Externally it is much employed 
as an ingredient of rubefacient and anodyne lini- 
ments. Mixed with a large percentage of air and 
inhaled, it is one of the most valuable of general 
anesthetics, but occasionally (1 : 3000) causes death 
by cardiac paralysis. See under anesthetic. Deep 
injections of chloroform in the vicinity of the sciatic 
nerve have been recommended in sciatica. Syn., 
chloroformum; chloroformyl. c, alcoholized, a 
mixture of chloroform and alcohol, c, ammoniated, 
equal parts of ammonia in alcohol and chloroform; 
antipyretic and anodyne, c, Anschuetz's, 

(C6H4< C g)4.2CHCl3, 

a crystalline substance which liberates pure chloro- 
form on application of gentle heat. Syn., salicylid 
chloroform, c, emulsion of (emulsum chloroformi, 
U. S. P.), chloroform, 4; expressed oil of almond, 6; 
tragacanth, 1.5; water sufficient to make 100 parts. 
c, gelatinized, equal parts of chloroform and white 
of egg shaken together, c. liniment (linimentum 
chloroformi, U. S. P.), chloroform, 300 Cc; soap 
liniment, 700 Cc. c. and morphine, tincture of 
(B. P.), a substitute for chlorodyne. Each dose of 



CHLOROFORMIN 



218 



CHOKING 



io min. (0.65 Cc.) contains chloroform, ij min.; 
ether, | min.; alcohol, i| min.; morphine hydro- 
chloride, jV gr.; dilute hydrocyanic acid, f min.; 
oiliof peppermint, ^ min.; fluidextract of licorice, 
ii min.; treacle and syrup q. s. c, Pictet's, chloro- 
form obtained in a pure state by crystallizing at a 
low temperature, c, spirit of (spiritus chloroformi, 
U. S. P.), pure chloroform, 10; alcohol, 90 parts. 
Dose 10 min.-i dr. (0.65-4.0 Cc). c, tincture of, 
compound (tinctura chloroformi composita, B. P.), 
chloroform, 2; alcohol, 8; compound tincture of 
cardamom, 10. Dose 20 min.-i dr. (1.3-4.0 Cc). 
c.-water {aqua chloroformi, U. S. P., B. P.). Dose 
§-2 oz. (15-60 Cc). 

chloroformin (klo-ro-form'-in). A poison extracted 
by Auclair from tubercle bacilli by means of chloro- 
form. Syn., chloroformobacillin. 

chloroformism (klo' -ro-form-izm) [chloroform]. 1. 
The use of chloroform to excess for its narcotic 
effect. 2. The symptoms produced by this use of 
the drug. 

chlorofOrmization (klo-ro-form-i-za'-shun). 1. The 
act of administering chloroform as an anesthetic 
2. The anesthetic results from the inhalation of 
chloroform. 

chlorogenine (klo-roj' -en-en). See alstonin (2). 

chlorol (klo'-rol). A solution of sodium chloride, 
mercury bichloride, and hydrochloric acid, each, 1 
part, and 3 % of copper sulphate in 100 parts of 
water; it is disinfectant and antiseptic. 

chloroleukemia (klo-ro-lu-ke'-me-ah). Leukemia 
combined with chlorosis. 

chlorolin (klo'-ro-lin). A solution said to consist 
mainly of the chlorphenols ; recommended as a 
disinfectant and as an antiseptic wash in 2 to 3 % 
solution. 

chlorolymphoma (klo-ro-limf-o'-mah) [xXwpos, 
green; lympha, water; 6p<z, a tumor]. Another 
name for chloroma; it is thought by some to be a 
variety of lymphoma, from its containing lympho- 
cytes. 

chloroma (klo-ro'-mah) [xXwpos, green; 6>a, a 
tumor: pi., chloromata], "Green cancer"; a rare 
variety of sarcoma, of a greenish tint, usually seated 
upon the periosteum of the bones of the head. 

chlorometer (klo-rom' -et-ur) [xXwpos, green; y.krpov, 
a measure]. An apparatus for the estimation of the 
amount of chlorine in a compound. 

chloromorphine (klo-ro-mor'-fen). An intermedi- 
ate product between morphine and apomorphine. 

chloronaphthol (klo-ro-naf'-thol). A disinfectant, 
non-poisonous substitute for carbolic acid; said to 
be a combination of creosote with an alkali. It is 
used as a dip for cattle to destroy ticks. 

chloropercha (klo-ro-purch'-ah). A solution of 
guttapercha in chloroform. It is used in dentistry 
as nonconducting cavity linings, pulp-cappings, and 
for filling the roots of pulpless teeth. 

chlorophane (klo'-ro-fan) [xXwpos, green; <palveiv, to 
show]. A yellowish-green chromophane. See chro- 
mophane. 

chlorophthisis (klo-ro-ti'-sis). Pulmonary tubercu- 
losis associated with chlorosis. 

chlorophyl, chlorophyll (klo'-ro-fil) [xXwpos, green; 
<pv\\ov, leaf]. The green coloring-matter of plants. 
It decomposes carbon dioxide, setting free oxygen 
and forming new organic compounds. This decom- 
position takes place only or chiefly in the presence 
of sunlight. The chlorophyl is contained in certain 
parts of the protoplasm of the plant. It is the sub- 
stance by the agency of which carbohydrates are 
formed in green plants. 

chloropia, chloropsia (klo-ro'-pe-ah, klo-rop' -se-ah) 
[xXwpos, green; o^is, vision]. Disordered or defec- 
tive vision in which all objects appear green. 

chloroplastid (klo-ro-plas'-tid) [xXwpos, green; 
vKaacrelv, to form or mould]. In biology, a chloro- 
phyl-granule. 

chloroplastin (klo-ro-plas'-tin) [xXwpos, green; 
•n-Xao-ros, formed]. Schwartz's name for the proto- 
plasm in chlorophyl grains. 

chloroquinone (klo-ro-kwin'-on). Any chlorine 
substitution-compound of quinone. 

chlorosalol (klo-ro-sal'-ol). See chlor phenyl sali- 
cylate. 

chlorosarcoma (klo-ro-sar-ko'-mah). See chloroma. 

chlorosin (klo' -rosin). A compound of albumin 
and chlorine, used in gastric catarrh. 

chlorosis (klo-ro'-sis) [xXwpos, green]. The "green 
sickness." A form of anemia, most common in 



young women, and characterized by a marked 
reduction of hemoglobin in the blood, with but a 
slight diminution of red corpuscles. In some cases 
there is a hyperplasia of the sexual organs and the 
heart and large blood-vessels. The symptoms are 
those of anemia — a greenish color of the skin, gastric 
and menstrual disturbances. Syn., chldranemia; 
chloremia; green sickness; morbus virgineus; pallor 
luteus; pallor virginum; parthenosis. c. adultarum, 
that occurring between 30 and 40 years of age. 
Syn., acmoeochlorosis ; chlorosis tarda, c. aegyptiaca, 
c. sethiopum, c, Egyptian, uncinariasis, c. florida, 
a rare form of chlorosis in which the color is high. 
c. pituitosa. Synonym of mucous colitis, c. tarda. 
See c. adultarum. c, tropical, c. tropica, uncinariasis. 

chlorosonin (klo-ro'-son-in). A compound of 
chloral and hydroxylamine; it is hypnotic. 

Chlor ostigma (klo-ro-stig'-mah) [xXwpos, green; 
ariyna, stigma]. A genus of plants of the order 
Asclepiadacece. C. stuckertianum is a plant of South 
America; the root, stem, and leaves are said to 
possess powerful galactagogic properties. An alka- 
loid, chlorostigmine, has been extracted. 

chlorotic (klo-rot'-ik) [chlorosis], 1. Relating to 
chlorosis. 2. A person affected with chlorosis. 

chlorous (klor'-us). Containing or combined with 
chlorine; generally restricted to compounds con- 
taining chlorine combined with oxygen, but containing 
less oxygen than the chloric compounds. 

chlor ozone (klo'-ro-zon) [chlorine; ozone]. A yellow 
liquid assumed to be a mixture of chlorine and 
ozone; it is formed by passing nascent chlorine 
through caustic soda; its composition is not known. 
It is a strong bleaching-agent and disinfectant. 

chlorphenol (klor-fe'-nol) [chlorin; phenol], C6H4- 
Cl . OH. Monochlorphenol, a substance possessed 
of antiseptic properties. It is recommended for 
inhalation in diseases of the respiratory passages. 

chlorphenyl (klor-fen'-il). A substance obtained 
from trichlorphenic acid by action of nitric acid. 
c. salicylate, CeH4(OH)CO . OCeHUCl, a crystalline 
substance obtained from a mixture of orthochlor- 
phenol and parachlorphenol by action of phosphorus 
pentachloride. The ortho-compound, chlorsalol, is 
used as a surgical antiseptic; the para-compound, as 
a substitute for phenyl salicylate. Dose 60-90 gr. 
(4-6 Gm.) daily. Syn., salicylic chlorphenol ester. 

chlorsalol (klor-sa'-lol). See under chlorphenyl 
salicylate. 

chlorum (klo'-rum) [chlorin]. The official pharma- 
ceutical name of chlorine. See chlorine. 

chloruret (klor'-u-ret). The same as chloride. 

chloryl (klo'-ril). A mixture of ethyl and methyl 
chlorides; an anesthetic. Syn., coryl. 

Chlumsky's button (klum'-ske). An intestinal 
button made of pure magnesium after the pattern 
of the Murphy button. It remains undissolved for 
four weeks, only the outer part becoming softer. 

Ch.M. Abbreviation for Chirurgice Magister, 
Master of Surgery. 

choana (ko'-an-ah) [xoavq, a funnel; pi., choance]. 
1. A funnel-like opening. 2. A name applied to 
the posterior nasal orifices. 

choanoid (ko'-an-oid) [choana; elSos, likeness]. 
Funnel-shaped. 

chocolate (chok'-ol-at) [Mex., chocolatl, chocolate]. 
A dried paste prepared from the powder of cacao- 
seeds (see Cacao) with various mucilaginous and 
amylaceous ingredients. It is used to prepare a 
beverage, and also as a vehicle, especially for quinine. 
c, acorn-, a mixture of ground acorns with pure 
chocolate, prepared according to the formula of 
Liebreich by Stollwerk, of Cologne. It contains 
nearly 2 % of tannic acid and is used in the dietetic 
management of diarrhea in enteritis. 

chceradology (ker-ad-oV -o-je) [xoipas, scrofula; 
X670S, science]. The science of scrofula. 

choke (chok) [ME., choken, to choke]. To suffo- 
cate; to prevent access of air to the lungs by com- 
pression of or by obstructing the trachea, c.-cherry, 
the fruit of Primus virginiana (not of the Pharma- 
copeia), common in the United States. It is antispas- 
modic, tonic, and slightly astringent, c. damp, a 
name given by miners to carbon dioxide gas; called 
also black-damp. 

choked disc (chokd). See papillitis. 

chokes (choks). The same as caisson disease, q. v. 

choking (chok'-ing). Partial or complete suffo- 
cation, whether by the lodgment of food, or any for- 
eign body in the larynx, trachea, pharynx, or eso- 



CHOL- 



219 



CHOLERA 



phagus, or by the inhalation of any irrespirable gas 
or vapor, c. distemper, a name applied in Eastern 
Pennsylvania to cerebro-spinal meningitis in the 
horse. 

chol-, cholo- [xoXj7, bile]. Prefixes meaning bile. 

cholaemia. Same as cholemia. 

cholagogic (kol-ag-oj'-ik) [cholagogue]. i. Stimu- 
lating the flow of bile. 2. A cholagogue. 

cholagogue, cholagog (kol'-ag-og) [chol-; drycoyos, 
leading], 1. Stimulating the flow or the secretion 
of bile. 2. Any agent that promotes the flow of 
bile. 

cholalic acid (kol-a'-lik). See acid, cholic. 

cholangitis (kol-an'-je-i'-tis). Same as cholangitis. 

cholangiostomy (kol-an-je-os' '-to-me) [chol-; ayyelov, 
vessel; arbna, mouth]. The formation of a fistula 
into the gall-bladder. 

cholangiotomy (kol-an-je-ot'-o-me) [chol-; Ayyelov, 
vessel; tout), a cutting]. The incision of an intra- 
hepatic bile-duct for the removal of a calculus. 

cholangitis (kol-an-ji' -tis) [chol-; Lyyeiov, vessel; 
itvs, inflammation]. Inflammation of a bile-duct. 
c, obliterative, closure of the bile-ducts the result of 
inflammation. 

cholate (kol'-at). Any salt of cholic acid. 

cholecyanin (kol-e-si-an'-in). Synonym of bili- 
cyanin. 

cholecyst, cholecystis (kol'-e-sist, kol-e-sis'-tis) 
[chol-; Kvo-ns a bladder]. The gall-bladder. 

cholecystalgia (kol-e-sis-tal'-je-ah) [cholecyst, a\yos]. 
Biliary colic. 

cholecystectasia (kol-e-sis-tek-ta'-se-ah) [cholecyst; 
eKTao-is, a distention]. Distention or dilatation of 
the gall-bladder. 

cholecystectomy (kol-e-sis-tek 1 '-to-me) [cholecyst; 
iKTOnri, a cutting off]. Excision of the gall-bladder. 

cholecystendesis. See cholecystendysis. 

cholecystendysis (kol-e-sis-ten' -dis-is) [cholecyst; 
lvbvo-is, an entering]. Cholecystotomy. 

cholecystenteroanastomosis (kol-e-sis-ten' -ter-o-an- 
as-to-mo'-sis). Same as cholecystenter ostomy. 

cholecystenterorrhaphy (kol-e-sist-en-ter-or'-af-e) 
[cholecyst; enter orrhaphy]. The operation of suturing 
the gall-bladder to the small intestine. 

cholecystenterostomy (kol-e-sist-en-ter-os' -to-me) 
[cholecyst; enterostomy]. The artificial establishment 
of a communication between the gall-bladder and the 
intestine. 

cholecystic (kol-e-sis' -tik) [cholecyst]. Relating to 
the gall-bladder. 

cholecystis (kol-e-sis'-tis). See cholecyst. 

cholecystitis (kol-e-sis-ti'-tis) [cholecyst; ins, in- 
flammation]. Inflammation of the gall-bladder. 
c, Eberth's, that due to Bacillus typhi abdominalis. 

cholecystocolostomy (kol-e-sis-to-ko-los' -to-me) [cho- 
lecyst; colostomy]. The surgical establishment of a 
passage between the gall-bladder and the colon. 

cholecystocolotomy (kol-e-sis-to-ko-lot'-o-me) [chole- 
cyst; colotomy]. Incision into the gall-bladder and 
colon. 

cholecystoduodenostomy (kol-e-sis-to-du-od-en-os'- 
to-me) [cholecyst; duodenostomy]. The establishment 
of an artificial communication between the gall- 
bladder and the duodenum. 

cholecystogastrostomy (kol-e-sis-to-gas-tros' -to-me) 
[cholecyst; gastrostomy]. The formation of an opening 
between the gall-bladder and the stomach. 

cholecystoileostomy (kol-e-sis-lo-il-e-os' '-to-me) [cho- 
lecyst; ileostomy]. The formation of an opening 
between the gall-bladder and the ileum. 

cholecystojejunostomy (kol-e-sis-to-je-jun-os'-to-me) 
[cholecyst; jejunoslomy]. The establishment of a 
communication between the gall-bladder and the 
jejunum. 

cholecystolithotripsy {kol-e-sis-to-lith' -ot-rip-se) 

[cholecyst; \Wos, a stone; rpLfieiv, to crush]. The 
crushing of gall-stones in the gall-bladder. 

cholecystoncus (kol-e-sis-tong' -kus) [cholecyst; 6y- 
kos, a tumor]. A swelling or tumor of the gall- 
bladder. 

cholecystopexy (kol-e-sis' -to-pek-se) [cholecyst; 71-17- 
£is, fixation]. Suture of the gall-bladder to the 
abdominal wall. 

cholecystorrhaphy (kol-e-sist-or'-af-e) [cholecyst; 
t>a<j>r), a seam]. Suture of the gall-bladder, especially 
suture to the abdominal wall. 

cholecystostomy (kol-e-sist-os' -to-me) [cholecyst; 
o-Tofia, mouth]. The establishment of an opening 
into the gall-bladder. 

cholecystotomy (kol-e-sist-ot' -o-me) [cholecyst; rkp.- 



veiv, to cut]. Incision of the gall-bladder to 
remove gall-stones, etc. 

choledoch (kol'-e-dok) [choledochus]. 1. Con- 
ducting bile. 2. A bile-duct. 3. The common bile- 
duct. 

choledochectomy (kol-ed-o-kek' -to-me) [choledochus; 
iKTOfj.r), excision]. Excision of a part of the common 
bile-duct. 

choledochendysis (kol-ed-ok-en' -dis-is) [choledochus; 
h>b~vo-vs, an entry]. See choledochotomy. 

choledochitis (kol-ed-o-ki'-tis) [choledochus; w«, 
inflammation]. Inflammation of the common bile- 
duct. 

choledochoduodenostomy (kol-ed-o-ko-du-od-en-os'- 
to-me) [choledochus; duodenum; arona, mouth]. The 
surgical establishment of a passage between the 
common bile-duct and the duodenum. 

choledochoenterostomy (kol-ed-o-ko-en-ter-os' -to- 
me) [choledochus; evrepov, bowel; o-rona, mouth]. 
The surgical establishment of a passage between the 
cavity of the common bile-duct and the small in- 
testine. 

choledocholithiasis (kol-ed-ok-o-lith-i'-as-is) [chole- 
dochus; lithiasis]. The formation of a calculus in 
the common bile-duct. 

choledocholithotomy (kol-ed-ok-o-lith-ot'-o-me) [cho- 
ledochus; lithotomy]. The incision of the common 
bile-duct for the removal of gall-stones. 

choledocholithotripsy (kol-ed-o-ko-lith' -o-trip-se) 
[choledochus; \160s, a stone; rpl&eiv, to rub]. The 
crushing of a gall-stone in the common bile-duct, 
without opening the duct. 

choledocholithotrity (kol-ed-o-ko-lith-ot'-rit-e) [chole- 
dochus; \idos, a stone; terere, to rub]. The crushing 
of a gall-stone in the common bile-duct. 

choledochostomy (kol-ed-o-kos' -to-me) [chol-; 8ex*<r- 
0eu, to receive; o-rofia, mouth]. The formation 
of a fistula in the common bile-duct through the 
abdominal wall. 

choledochotomy (kol-ed-o-kot'-o-me) [choledochus; 
rofiri, section]. An incision into the common bile- 
duct. 

choledochus (kol-ed'-o-kus) [xoXt), bile; dexeaOai, 
to receive]. Receiving or holding bile, c, ductus 
communis, the common excretory duct of the liver 
and gall-bladder. 

choleglobin (kol-e-glo'-bin) [x°Xt;, bile; globin]. 
Latschenberger's name for the antecedent of bile- 
pigment, resulting, in his estimation, from the de- 
composition of the coloring-matter of blood. 

cholehemia, cholehasmia (kol-e-hem'-e-ah, -he'-me- 
ah). See cholemia. 

choleic (kol-e'-ik) [x°Xi?, bile]. Pertaining to the 
bile. 

cholein (kol'-e-in) [xoXi?, bile]. A mixture of several 
principles of the bile; a fatty principle found in bile. 

cholelith (kol'-e-liih) [chol-; Xi0os, a stone]. A 
biliary calculus or gall-stone. 

cholelithiasis (kol-e-lith-i'-as-is) [xoXt?, bile; lithi- 
asis]. The presence of, or a condition associated 
with, calculi in the gall-bladder or in a gall-duct. 

cholelithotomy (kol-e-lilh-ot'-o-me) [cholelithiasis; 
rkfiveiv, to cut]. An incision for the removal of gall- 
stones. 

cholelithotripsy (kol-e-lith-ot-rip'-se) [cholelithiasis; 
rplxpis, a rubbing]. The operation of crushing a gall- 
stone. 

cholelithotrity (kol-e-lith-ot'-re-te). See cholelitho- 
tripsy. 

cholemesis (kol-em'-es-is) [chol-; ep.eais, vomiting]. 
The vomiting of bile. _ 

cholemia, cholaemia (kol-e'-me-ah) [xoXt;, bile; 
alp.a, blood]. The presence of bile in the blood. 

cholemic (ko-le'-mik) [chol-; al/xa, blood]. Relating 
to cholemia; marked or caused by cholemia. 

choleplania (kol-e-pla'-ne-ah) [xoXrj, bile; TrXdi'T/, a 
wandering]. Jaundice. 

choleprasin (ko-le-pra'-zin). A bile-pigment. 

cholepyrrhin (kol-e-pir'-in) [xo^n, bile; irvppfo, 
orange-colored]. 1. The brown coloring-matter of 
bile. Syn., bilepyrrhin. 2. Bilirubin. 

cholera (kol'-er-ah) [xoXt/, bile; poia, a flow]. 
1. A name given to a number of acute diseases char- 
acterized mainly by large discharges of fluid material 
from the bowels, vomiting, and collapse. 2. A 
synonym of Asiatic cholera, c, Asiatic, c, algid, 
an acute, specific, highly malignant disease, existing 
in India and the tropics of Asia during the entire 
year, and occasionally spreading as an epidemic over 
large areas. It is characterized by vomiting, alvine 



CHOLERAGENIC 



220 



CHONDRAL 



discharges resembling flocculent rice-water, severe 
cramps, and collapse. The rate of mortality varies 
from 10 to 66 %, the average being over 50 %. The 
cause is the comma bacillus of Koch, which is always 
found in the rice-water discharges. The germs 
commonly gain entrance into the system by means 
of the drinking-water, c. asphyctica, Asiatic cholera 
marked by early collapse and speedy death, c, 
barbel. See under barbel. c.~, bilious, a form of the 
disease attended with excessive discharge of bile. 
c.-blue. See under pigment, c.-cells, c.-corpuscles, 
fungi found in dejecta of cholera patients, c, 
chicken, a very fatal epidemic disease of fowls, 
marked by tumefaction of the lymphatic glands, 
with inflammation and ulceration of the digestive 
organs, c, English. See c. morbus, c, epidemic. 
Synonym of Asiatic cholera, c.-fever. 1. Cholera- 
typhoid. 2. Intermittent cholera, c, hog, an 
infectious disease attacking swine and characterized 
by a patchy redness of the skin, with inflammation 
and ulceration of the bowels, enlargement of the 
abdominal glands, and congestion of the lungs. 
c. infantum, the "summer complaint" of infants and 
young children; an acute disease occurring in warm 
weather, and characterized by pain, vomiting, purga- 
tion, fever, and prostration. The disease is sup- 
posed to be caused by the bacillus of Shiga, and is 
favored by the prolonged action of heat, together 
with errors in diet and hygiene. It is most common 
among the poor and in hand-fed babes. The disease 
is of short duration, death frequently ensuing in 
from 3 to 5 days, c, intermittent, a form of simple 
cholera sometimes accompanying the onset of tertian 
fevers, c, malignant, Asiatic cholera, c. morbus, 
an acute catarrhal inflammation of the mucous 
membrane of the stomach and intestine, with pain, 
purging, vomiting, spasmodic contractions of the 
muscles, etc. It is a disease of the heated term and 
is very similar to Asiatic cholera in its symptomato- 
logy, c. nostras. Same as c. morbus, c. orientalis, 
Asiatic cholera, c.-red. See under pigment, c. 
sicca, a term applied to those cases of Asiatic cholera 
in which rice-water liquid is found in the intestine 
after death, though none had been voided during 
life, c, sporadic. See c. morbus, c. suppressa. 
See c. sicca, c.-typhoid, a soporific condition re- 
sembling typhus, lasting from 2 to 7 days, and 
attributed to uremia resulting from acute nephritis. 
It frequently follows Asiatic cholera. 

choleragenic (kol-er-a-jen'-ik) [cholera; yevvav, to 
produce]. Tending to produce, or to spread, cholera. 

choleraic (kol-er-a'-ik) [cholera]. Pertaining to or 
resembling cholera, c. diarrhea, diarrhea charac- 
terized by a profuse, exhausting discharge of watery 
material. 

cholerase (kol'-er-as). The special bacteriolytic 
enzyme of the cholera vibrio. Cf. Pyocyanase and 
typhase. 

choleric (kol'-er-ik). 1. Having abundant bile. 

2. Applied to a temperament easily excited to anger. 

3. Choleraic. 

choleriform {kol-er'-if-orm) [cholera; forma, form]. 
Resembling or appearing like cholera. 

cholerigenous (kol-er-ij'-en-us) [cholera; yeveais, 
production]. Giving origin to cholera. 

cholerine (kol-er-en') [dim. of cholera]. A mild 
form of Asiatic cholera, or the initial stage of a more 
severe form. 

choleroid (kol'-er-oid) [cholera; elSos, like]. Re- 
sembling cholera; choleriform. 

choleromania (kol-er-o-ma'-ne-ah). See cholero- 
phobia. 

cholerophobia (kol-er-ofo'-be-ah) [cholera; <£6/9os, 
fear]. Morbid dread of cholera. 

cholerotyphus (kol-er-o-li'-fus). 1. See cholera- 
typhoid. 2. The most malignant type of Asiatic 
cholera. 

cholerrhagia {kol-er-aj'-e-ah) [chole-; pr\yvvvai, to 
burst forth]. 1. Synonym of cholera morbus. 2. A 
flow of bile. 

cholerythrin (kol-er'-ilh-rin). See bilirubin. 

cholestearin {kol-es-te'-ar-in). See cholesterin. 

cholesteatoma (kol-es-te-at-o'-mah) [cholesterin; are- 
drufia, a sebaceous tumor: pi., cholesteatomata]. A 
teratoid tumor containing plates of cholesterin, 
epithelial cells, hair, and other dermal structures, 
and occurring most frequently in the brain. 

cholesteatomatous (kol-es-te-at-om'-at-us) [chole-; 
(TTearufia, a sebaceous turao;]. Of the nature of, 
pertaining to, or affected with, cholesteatoma. 



cholestegnosis (kol-e-steg-no'-sis) [xoKv, bile; arey- 
vaiais, a making close]. Thickening of the bile. 

cholesteremia, cholesteraemia, cholesterinemia, 
cholesterinaemia (kol-es-ter-e'-me-ah, kol-es-ter-in-e'- 
me-ah) [cholesterin; alp.a, blood]. The morbid state 
resulting from the retention of cholesterin in the 
blood. The condition is probably due to the reten- 
tion of the bile acids. 

cholesterilins (kol-es-ter'-il-ins). Hydrocarbons- 
formed from cholesterin by action of concentrated 
sulphuric acid, and supposed to stand in close rela- 
tionship to the terpene group. 

cholesterin (kol-es'-ter-in) [X0X17, bile; arkap, fat], 
C27H45OH. A monatomic alcohol, a constituent of 
bile, gall stones, nervous tissue, egg yolk, and blood, 
and sometimes found in foci of fatty degeneration. 
It is a glistening, white, crystalline substance, soapy 
to the touch, crystallizing in fine needles and lhombic 
plates. It is insoluble in water, soluble in hot alco- 
hol, ether, or chloroform. It is held in solution in 
the bile by the bile salts; it is levorotatory. The 
power of immunizing against and neutralizing snake- 
venom is attributed to it. c, tests for. See Lieber- 
mann- Bur chard, Obermueller, Salkowski, Schiff, 
Schultze. 

cholesterinuria (ko-les-ter-in-u'-re-ah) [cholesterin; 
ovpov, urine]. The presence of cholesterin in the 
urine. 

cholesterol {kol-es'-ter-ol). Same as cholesterin. 

cholesteryl (kol-es'-ter-il), C26H45. The radical of 
cholesterin. 

choletelin (kol-et'-el-in) C16H18N2O6. An amor- 
phous, soluble, yellow pigment derived from bilirubin. 
It is the final product of the oxidation of bile pig- 
ments. It is readily soluble in alkalies, alcohol, and 
chloroform. 

choletherapy (kol-e-ther'-ap-e) [x°Xi7, bile; therapy]. 
The remedial use of bile. 

choleuria (kol-e-u'-re-ah) [x°M. bile; obpov, urine]. 
The presence of bile in the urine. 

choleverdin (kol-e-ver'-din) [x°Xi7, bile; viridis, green]. 
See bilicyanin. 

cholic (kol'-ik) [xoM, bile]. Pertaining to the 
bile. c. acid. See acid, cholic. 

cholicele (kol'-is-el) fx°Ai7, bile; K17X77, a tumor]. 
A tumor of the gall bladder, due to accumulation of 
bile. 

choline, (kol'-in) [x°X)7, bile], C5H15NO2. A 
ptomaine occurring in bile, and elsewhere. It is 
also found in the extracts of the suprarenals, and is 
a product of the decomposition of lecithin. An 
auxetic in cancer. 

cholocele (kol'-o-sel). See cholicele. 

cholochrome {kol'-o-krom) [X0X17, bile; xpwm«. color]. 
Any bile pigment. 

cholocyanin (kol-o-si'-an-in). Synonym of bili- 
cyanin. 

cholocyst (kol'-o-sist). See cholecyst. 

chologestin (kol-o-jes'-tin). A proprietary chola- 
gogue said to contain sodium glycocholate, sodium 
salicylate, sodium bicarbonate, and pancreatin. 

cholohematin (kol-o-hem'-at-in) [X0X17, bile; alp,a, 
blood]. A pigment found in the bile of the ox and 
sheep. It is probably a derivative of hematin. 

choloidinic acid (kol-oi-din'-ik), C24H38O4. A de- 
composition product of cholic acid. 

chololith (kol'-o-lith) [x<>M, bile; Xi0os, stone]. A 
gall stone. 

chololithiasis (kol o-lith-i'-as-is). See cholelithiasis.. 

chololithic (kol-o-lith'-ik) [X0X17, bile; XWos, a stone] 
Pertaining to a cholelith. 

choloplania. See choleplania. 

cholopoiesis (kol-o-poi-e'-sis) [x<>M, bile; irolricis, a 
making]. The formation of bile. 

cholorrhagia (kol-or-a'-je-ah) [xoM> bile; priyvvvcu., to 
burst forth]. A sudden flow of bile. 

cholorrhea (kol-or-e'-ah) [X0X17, bile; pola, a flow]. 
Any excessive discharge of bile. 

cholosis (kol-o'-sis) [x°Xi7, bile]. 1. Any disease 
caused by or associated with a perversion of the 
biliary secretion. 2. Lameness, c. americana, yel- 
low fever. 

cholostegnosis. See cholestegnosis. 

cholotic (kol-of'-ik) [chol-]. Due to or associated 
with a cholosis. 

choluria (kol-u'-re-ah) [chol-; obpov, urine]. The 
presence of bile, bile-salts, or bile-pigments in the 
urine. Also, the greenish coloration of the urine. 

chondral (kon'-dral) [chondrus]. Cartilaginous; 
relating to or composed of cartilage. 



CHONDRALGIA 



221 



CHORDA 



chondralgia (kon-dral'-je-ah) [chondro-; ahyos, 
pain]. Pain in or about a cartilage. 

chondrectomy (kon-drek' -to-me) [chondro-; inTop.ii, 
3. cutting out]. Surgical excision of a cartilage, or 
-of a part of one. 

chondren (kon'-dren) [chondro-]. Belonging to a 
cartilage in itself. 

chondric (kon'-drik). See chondral. 

chondrification (kon-drif-ik-a'-shun) [chondrus; fa- 
cere, to make]. The process of being converted 
into cartilage. 

chondrify ikon' -drif-i) [chondro-; fieri, to become]. 
To convert into cartilage; to become cartilaginous. 

chondrigen (kon'-drij-en) [chondrin; yevvav, to 
produce]. That material of the hyaline cartilage 
which on boiling with water becomes chondrin. 

chondrigenous (kon-drij'-en-us) [chondrin; yevvav, 
to produce]. Producing chondrin; relating to carti- 
lage that has not hardened. 

chondriglucose (kon-dre-glu'-kos) [chondrin-; yXvKvs, 
■sweet]. A material formed by boiling cartilage with 
mineral acids. It has a sweet taste and the properties 
of glucose. 

chondrin (kon'-drin) [chondrus]. A substance 
obtained from the matrix of hyaline cartilage by 
boiling. It resembles gelatin in general properties, 
"but differs from it in not being precipitated by tannic 
acid. c. balls, a substance found in cartilage and 
composed of chondromucoid and chondroitic acid. 

chondriomite (kon'-dre-o-mit) [chondro-; piros. 
thread]. A chain of mitochondria. 

chondritis (kon-dri'-tis) [chondro-; ins, inflamma- 
tion]. Inflammation of a cartilage. 

chondro- (kon-dro-) [chondrus]. A prefix meaning 
relating to cartilage. 

chondroarthritis (kon-dro-ar-thri'-iis). An inflam- 
mation of the cartilaginous parts of a joint. 

chondroblast (kon'-dro-blast) [chondro-; /3Xa<rr6s, 
germ]. A cell of developing cartilage. 

chondroblastoma (kon-dro-blas-to'-mah). Same as 
chondroma. 

chondrocarcinoma (kon-dro-kar-sin-o'-mah) . A 
carcinoma containing cartilaginous tissue. 

chondrocele (kon'-dro-sel) [chondro-; Kr)\ri, a tumor]. 
A sarcocele containing masses resembling cartilage. 

chondroclasis (kon-drok' -las-is) [chondro-; Kkaais, 
fracture]. The crushing of a cartilage. 

chondroclast (kon'-dro-klast) [chondro-; nkaeiv, to 
break]. A cell supposed to be concerned in the 
absorption of cartilage. 

chondrocoracoid (kon-dro-kor'-ak-oid). Relating 
to a costal cartilage and to the coracoid process of 
the scapula. 

chondrocostal (kon-dro-kos'-tal) [chondro-; costa, 
a rib]. Relating to the ribs and their cartilages. 

chondrocranium (kon-dro-kra'-ne-um) [chondro-; 
cranium]. The cartilaginous cranium, as of the 
embryo. 

chondrocyte (kon'-dro-sit) [chondro-; /euros, cell]. 
A cartilage cell. 

chondrodendron (kon-dro-den'-dron) [chondro-; 
Sevdpov, a tree]. A genus of South American meni- 
spermaceous climbing plants. C. glaberrimum and 
C. tomentosum are among the plants that furnish 
pareira. 

chondrodialysis (kon-dro-di-aV -is-is) [chondro-; di- 
alysis]. The decomposition of cartilage. 

chondrodynia (kon-dro-di,n' -e-ah) [chondro-; bSvvrj, 
pain]. Pain in a cartilage. 

chondrodystrophia (kon-dro-dis-tro'-fe-ah) [chon- 
dro-; 8vs, bad; rpk<t>eiv, to nourish]. Fetal rhachitis. 
c. foetalis. See achondroplasia and achondroplasty. 

chondroepiphysis (kon-dro-ep-if -is-is) [chondro-; 
epiphysis]. A cartilage which later develops into a 
bony epiphysis. 

chondrofetal (kon-dro-fe'-tal). Relating to fetal 
cartilage. 

chondrofibroma (kon-dro-fi-bro'-mah) [chondro-; 
fibra, a fiber; bpa, a tumor: pi., chondrofibromata]. 
Chondroma with fibromatous elements. 

chondrofibromatous (kon-dro-fi-bro'-mat-us) [chon- 
dro-; fibra, a fiber; bpa, a tumor]. Of the nature of 
chondrofibroma. 

chondrogen (kon'-dro-jen) [chondro-; yevvav, to 
produce], i. See chondrigen. 2. A substance found 
in fetal and early life, forming a part of the tissue 
of imperfectly developed cartilage. 

chondrogenesis (kon-dro-jen'-es-is) [chondro-; y'ev- 
eo-is, formation]. _ The formation of cartilage. 

chondrogenetic (kon-dro-jen-et'-ik) [chondro-; ykv- 



ea-is, formation]. Forming cartilage; relating to 
chondrogenesis. 

chondrogenous (kon-droj'-en-us) [chondro-; ykveais, 
production]. Of the nature of chondrogen; produc- 
ing cartilage. 

chondroglossus (kon-dro-glos'-us) . See muscles, 
table of. 

chondroglucose (kon-dro-glu'-kos) [chondro-; yXvicbs, 
sweet]. A glucose obtained from cartilage. 

chondrography (kon-drog'-ra-fe) [chondro-; ypd<peiv, 
to write]. An anatomical description of the cartilages. 

chondroid (kon'-droid) [chondro-; elSos, form]. 
Resembling cartilage. 

chondroitic acid (kon-dro-it'-ik). A complex or- 
ganic acid found in small quantities in normal urine. 
It is chondroitin-sulphuric acid, and is found in 
chondromucoid. 

chondrology (kon-drol'-o-je) [chondro-; X670S, sci- 
ence]. The science of cartilages. 

chondroma (kon-dro' -mah) [chondro-; bpa, tumor]. 
A cartilaginous tumor. 

chondromalacia (kon-dro-mal-a'-se-ah) [chondro-; 
ixa\aicia, softening]. Softening of a cartilage, c. 
auris. Same as hematoma auris. 

chondromatous (kon-drom'-at-us) [chondro-; 6p.a, 
a tumor]. Relating to or of the nature of cartilage. 

chondromucoid (kon-dro-mu'-koid). A mucin 
found in cartilage. Cf. osseomucoid; tendomucoid. 

chondromyoma (kon-dro-mi-o'-mah) [chondro-; my- 
oma]. A neoplasm presenting the characteristics of 
both chondroma and myoma. 

chondromyxoma (kon-dro-miks-o'-mah) [chondro-; 
nv£a, mucus; bpa, a tumor: pi., chondromyxomata], 
A chondroma with myxomatous elements. 

chondrophyma (kon-dro-fi'-mah) [chondro-; <j>vp.a, 
a growth]. 1. A tumor of a cartilage. 2. A neo- 
plasm with cartilaginous elements. 3. See chondro- 
phyte. 

chondrophyte (kon'-dro-fit) [chondro-; <f>vrbv, a 
plant]. A fungous neoplasm springing from a 
cartilage. 

chondroplast (kon'-dro-plast). See chondroblast. 

chondroporosis (kon-dro-po^-o'-sis) [chondro-; irbpos, 
a passage]. The thinning of cartilage by the forma- 
tion of spaces, occurring during the process of ossi- 
fication. 

chondroprotein (kon-dro-pro'-te-in). A protein 
occurring normally in cartilage. 

chondrosarcoma (kon-dro-sar-ko'-mah) [chondro-; 
sarcoma]. A tumor composed of cartilaginous and 
sarcomatous tissue. 

chondrosarcomatous (kon-dro-sar-kom' -at-us) . Re- 
lating to chondrosarcoma. 

chondrosidin (kon-dros' -id-in). The hyalin ob- 
tained from chondrosin. 

chondrosin (kon'-dro-sin) [chondrosia, a genus of 
sponges]. . A hyalogen obtained from the sponge, 
chondrosia reniformis. 

chondrosis (kon-dro' -sis) [chondrus]. 1. Forma- 
tion of cartilage. 2. A cartilaginous tumor. 

chondrosteous (kon-dros' -te-us) [chondro-; barkov, 
bone]. In biology, having a cartilaginous skeleton. 

chondrosternal (kon-dro-ster'-nal). Pertaining to 
the sternum and costal cartilages. 

chondrosyndesmus (kon-dro-sin-dez'-mus) . See 
synchondrosis. 

chondrotome (kon'-dro-tom) [chondro-; repveiv, to 
cut]. An instrument for cutting cartilage. 

chondrotomy (kon-drot'-o-me) [see chondrotome]. 
The division of a cartilage. 

chondroxiphoid (kon-dro-zif'-oid). Pertaining to 
the costal cartilages and the ensiform cartilage. 

chondrus (kon'-drus) [xbvbpos, a grain; cartilage]. 
1. Irish moss. The substance of the algse C. crispus 
and C. mammillosus. These yield, on boiling with 
water, a soluble colloid consisting mainly of mucilage. 
This is demulcent and somewhat nutrient. Dose 
indefinite. 2. A cartilage; the ensiform cartilage. 

Chopart's amputation (sho-par) [Francois Cho- 
part, French surgeon, 1743-1795]- An amputation 
of the foot consisting of a disarticulation through 
the tarsal bones, leaving only the os calcis and the 
astragalus. C.'s joint, the medio tarsal articulation; 
the line of articulation which separates the astragalus 
and os calcis from the remaining tarsal bones. 

chord. See cord. 

chorda (kor'-dah) [L.]. A cord, tendon, or nerve- 
filament, chordae arteriarum umbilicalium, the 
lateral ligaments of the bladder, c. dorsalis. See 
notochord. c. magna, tendo Achillis. c. obliqua, 



CHORDAL 



222 



CHORION 



the oblique ligament of the superior radio-ulnar 
articulation, c. saliva, saliva produced by stimu- 
lation of the chorda tympani nerve, c. spermatica, the 
spermatic cord. c. tendinea, any one of the tendinous 
strings connecting the papillary muscles of the heart 
with the auriculoventricular valves, c. tympani. 
See under nerve, c. umbilicalis, the umbilical cord. 
c. venae umbilicalis, the round ligament of the liver. 
c. vertebralis. See notochord. c. vocalis, a vocal 
band. 

chordal (kor'-dal) [chorda, a cord]. Relating to a 
chorda, especially to the notochord. 

chordapsus (kor-dap'-sus) [xopSv, a chord; 
airreiv, to tie up]. Synonym of acute intestinal 
catarrh. 

chordee (kor-de') [chorda], A painful curved 
erection of the penis with concavity downward. The 
corpus spongiosum being infiltrated from urethral 
inflammation, does not fill with blood during erection, 
and so acts like a bow-string. 

chorditis (kor-di'-tis) [xopSv, a cord; ins, inflamma- 
tion]. Inflammation of the vocal bands, c. tuber- 
osa, a localized thickening on the vocal bands, often 
bilateral and situated at the junction of the posterior 
two-thirds with the anterior third. 

chordoma (kor-do'-mah) [chorda, a cord]. I. Vir- 
chow's name for the upper part of a persistent noto- 
chord. 2. A tumor composed of tissue of the same 
nature as that of the notochord. 3. A small tumor 
occurring in the median line of the clivus, near the 
articulation of the sphenoid with the occipital bone. 

chordoskeleton (kor-do-skel'-et-on). The portion 
of the skeleton surrounding the notochord. 

chordotonal (kor-do-to'-nal) [xopSv, chord; tow, 
tone]. In biology, applied to sense-organs or parts 
of arthropods that are responsive to sound-vibrations. 

chordurethritis (kor-dil-re-thri'-tis). See chordee. 

chorea (ko-re'-ah) [xopela, dancing]. St. Vitus' 
dance. A functional nervous disorder, usually 
occurring in youth, characterized by h regular and 
involuntary action of the muscles of the extremities, 
face, etc., with general muscular weakness. Fre- 
quently a mitral systolic murmur is heard, often 
hemic, but in a large proportion of cases due to 
endocarditis, and there seems to be a close relation 
between the two diseases. Rheumatism often co- 
exists. Chorea may be caused by a number of 
conditions, among which are fright and reflex irrita- 
tion. It affects girls about three times as frequently 
as boys. Occasionally a form of chorea is seen in 
the adult, and may become a serious complication of 
pregnancy, resulting in the death of both fetus and 
mother. When it occurs late in life, it generally 
resists treatment. Syn., chorea anglorum; chorea 
sancti Viti; epilepsia saltatoris; St. John's dance. 
c, bilateral, that due to cerebral lesions causing 
development of choreic symptoms on both sides of 
the body, c, buttonmaker's, a form of chorea 
occurring in persons employed in making buttons. 
c, cardiac, a form marked by palpitation and other 
cardiac disorders, c, chronic progressive, Hoff- 
mann's name for Huntington's chorea, c, congenital. 
Synonym of birth-palsy, c. cordis. See c, cardiac. 
c.-corpuscles (Elischer), peculiar cells found in the 
brain in cases of chorea and regarded as pathog- 
nomonic; they have, however, been found in the 
brains of those who have never had the disease. 
c, dancing, hysterical chorea marked by rhythmic 
dancing movements, c.-demonomania, epidemic 
chorea, c, diaphragmatic, spasm of the diaphragm. 
c. dimidiata, hemichorea. c, electric. See Dubini's 
disease, c, epidemic. See choromania. c, essen- 
tial, that occurring independently and not as a symp- 
tom of some other disease, c, facial, convulsive tic. 
c, false. See c, symptomatic, c, general, a form 
of chorea in which all or almost all of the voluntary 
muscles are subject to irregular contractions, c. 
gravidarum, intractable chorea occurring during 
pregnancy, toward its close sometimes aggravated and 
attended with fever, c. gravis, severe and dangerous 
cases of chorea, c, habit-. See habit-spasm, c, 
hammering, a form marked by coordinated rhythmic 
spasm in consequence of which persistent hammering 
with the fist upon some object will be indulged in. 
c, hereditary. See Huntingdon's chorea, c, Hunt- 
ingdon's. See Huntingdon's chorea, c, hysterical. 
See c. major, c, imaginative, choromania. c, 
imitative, choreic movements developed in children 
from association with choreic subjects, c, infantile. 
See c. minor, c. insaniens, maniacal chorea; a grave 



form of chorea usually seen in women, and asso- 
ciated with mania, and generally ending fatally. 
It may develop during pregnancy, c. laryngea, c, 
laryngeal, c. laryngis. 1. A condition attended with 
clonic spasm of the laryngeal muscles and marked 
by inability to sustain coordinate action. 2. A 
condition marked by spasmodic motions of some of 
the muscles of expiration, causing a cry. c, limp, 
West's name for a sequel of motor paralysis in 
children marked by very slight choreic movements. 
c. major, a form of hysteria in which there are con- 
tinual regular oscillatory movements, c, maniacal. 
See c. insaniens. c, metaparalytic, c, methemi- 
plegic. See c, postparalytic, c, methodic. See c. 
major, c, mimetic. See c, imitative, c. minor, 
simple chorea, c. mollis. See hemiplegia, choreic. 
c, Morvan's. See Morvan's chorea, c. neuralgica, 
convulsive tic. c. nutans, that attended with 
nodding motions, c. oculi, choreic movements of 
the eyes due to cerebral lesions, c. pandemica. See 
Dubini's disease, c, paralytic (Gowers). See hemi- 
plegia, choreic, c, partial, imperfect choreic move- 
ments associated with contractures, due to cerebral 
lesion, c, posthemiplegic, c, postparalytic, a form 
of involuntary movement seen in patients after an 
attack of hemiplegia, c, prehemiplegic, c, pro- 
hemiplegic, choreic spasms of the hands or feet fore- 
running hemiplegia, c. procursiva. Synonym of 
paralysis agitans. c, rhythmic. See c. major. 
c, school-made, chorea resulting from overstimu- 
lation of children at school, c, secondary. See 
c, symptomatic, c. semilateralis, hemichorea. c. 
senilis. 1. Paralysis agitans. 2. The trembling in- 
cident to age. c, Sydenham's. See Sydenham's 
chorea, c, symptomatic, that dependent upon some 
organic disease, c, unilateral. See hemichorea. 

choreal (ko-re'-al). Pertaining to chorea; choreic. 

choreic (ko-re'-ik) [chorea]. Relating to, of the 
nature of, or affected with chorea. 

choreiform (ko-re'-if-orm) [chorea; forma, form]. 
Resembling chorea. 

choremania, choreomania (ko-re-ma'-ne-ah, ko-re- 
o-ma'-ne-ah) [chorea; navla, madness]. Synonym of 
choromania. 

choreoid {ko'-re-oid) [xopela, dancing; eUos, like]. 
Pertaining or similar to chorea. 

chorial (ko'-re-al) [xbpiov, skin]. Chorionic. 

chorioblastosis (ko-re-o-blas-to'-sis) [xbpiov, skin; 
f}\a.<7Taveiv, to germinate]. Any anomaly of growth 
of the corium and subcutaneous connective tissue. 

choriocapillaris (ko-re-o-kap-il-a'-ris) [chorion; ca- 
pillus, a hair]. The network of capillaries over the 
inner portion of the choroid coat of the eye. 

choriocele (ko'-re-o-sel) [xbpiov, a skin; nrfkr}, her- 
nia]. A hernial protrusion of the choroid coat of the 
eye. 

chorioepithelioma (ko-re-o-ep-e-the-le-o'-mah). A 
neoplasm apparently due to excessive proliferation 
of chorionic epithelium; see deciduoma. c. benig- 
num, degenerated relics of fetal epithelium or epiblast 
in the maternal tissues, c. malignum, Marchand's 
(1895) name for an epithelioma due to malignant 
degeneration of fetal epiblast left in the maternal 
tissues. Syn., deciduoma malignum; sarcoma deciduo- 
cellulare; syncytioma malignum. 

chorioid {ko'-re-oid). See choroid. 

chorioidal (ko-re-oid'-al). See choroid (2). 

chorioideal tubercle (ko-re-oid'-e-al tii'-ber-kl). 
See choroid tubercle. 

chorioideremia (ko-re-oid-er-e'-me-ah). See chor- 
oideremia. 

chorioiditis (ko-re-oid-i'-tis) . See choroiditis. 

chorioidoretinitis (ko-re-oid-o-ret-in-i'-tis). See 
choroidoretinitis. 

chorioma (ko-re-o'-mah) [chorion; 6p.a, tumor]. 
A neoplasm developed from the chorion. See 
chorioepithelioma. 

chorion (ko'-re-on) [xbpiov, skin; fetal membrane]. 
The outermost of the fetal membranes, formed from 
the vitelline membrane, the false amnion, and the 
allantois. The chorion lies between the amnion and 
the decidua reflexa and vera, c, cystic degenera- 
tion of, a myxoma of the chorion, producing the 
socalled "hydatid mole." It is characterized by 
rapid increase in the size of the? uterus, hemorrhage, 
often profuse, beginning during the second month of 
pregnancy, and the discbarge of small cysts, whitish 
in appearance, surrounded by bloody clots. These 
cysts vary in size from a pin-head to a filbert, c 
frondosum, c, shaggy, the part covered by villi. 



CHORIONIC 



223 



CHROMATOSKIAMETER 



It helps to form the placenta, c. laeve, the mem- 
branous portion of the chorion. 

chorionic (ko-re-on'-ik) [chorion]. Relating to the 
chorion. 

chorionin (ko-re-on'-in). A name given by Bron- 
chacourt (1902) to a preparation made from sheep's 
placenta by submitting it to pressure without heat. 
The juice thus expressed is made palatable with 
syrup after being sterilized with ammonium fluoride; 
employed as a galactagogue. 

chorionitis (ko-re-on-i'-tis). 1. See scleroderma. 
2. Placentitis. 

chorioretinal (ko-re-o-ret'-in-al). Pertaining to the 
choroid and retina. 

chorioretinitis (ko-re-o-ret-in-i'-tis). Inflammation 
of the choroid and retina. 

chorioretinitis (ko-re-o-ret-in-i'-tis). See choroido- 
retinitis. 

chorisis (ko-ri'-sis) [xwpum, a separation]. In 
biology, the development of two or more members 
when but one is expected; a doubling. 

choristoblastoma (ko-ris-to-blas-to'-mah) [choris- 
toma; blastoma]. An autonomous tumor originating 
in a choristoma. 

choristoma (ko-ris-to'-mah) [xwpioros, separated]. 
A tumor due to hyperplasia of an aberrant primor- 
dium. 

choroid (ko'-roid) [chorion; eT<5os, likeness]. 1. The 
vascular tunic of the eye, continuous with the iris 
in front, and lying between the sclerotic and the 
retina. 2. Pertaining to the choroid; choroidal. 
c. membrane, the choroid, c. plexus, a vascular 
plexus in the ventricles of the brain, c. tubercle, a 
diagnostic sign of tuberculous meningitis found by 
ophthalmoscopic investigation. 

choroidal (ko-roid'-aV). Pertaining to the choroid. 

choroideremia (ko-roid-er-e'-me-ah) [choroid; kpr\y.la, 
desolation]. Absence of the choroid. 

choroiditis (ko-roid-i'-lis) [choroid; ins, inflamma- 
tion]. Inflammation of the choroid coat of the eye. 
It may be anterior, the foci of exudation being at 
the periphery of the choroid; or central, the exudate 
being in the region of the macula lutea; diffuse 
or disseminated, characterized by numerous round or 
irregular spots scattered over the fundus; exudative 
or nonsuppurative, when there are isolated foci of 
inflammation scattered over the choroid; metastatic, 
when due to embolism; and suppurative, when pro- 
ceeding to suppuration, c, areolar, c. areolaris, 
that in which the first foci occur near the fovea and 
extend toward the periphery in constantly increasing 
distances, c. guttata senilis. See Tay's choroiditis. 
c. serosa. Synonym of glaucoma. 

choroidocyclitis (ko-roid-o-si-kli'-tis) [choroid; kv- 
k\os, a circle; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation 
of the choroid and of the ciliary body. 

choroidoiritis (ko-roid-o-i-ri'-tis) [choroid; inlis]. 
Inflammation of the choroid and the iris. 

choroidoretinitis (ko-roid-o-ret-in-i'-lis) [choroid; 
retinitis]. Choroiditis associated with retinitis. 
c, ametropic, that caused by ametropia. 

chorology (ko-rol'-o-je) [x&pos, a place; ins, 
science]. The science of the geographic distribution 
of animals and plants. 

choromania (kor-o-ma' -ne-ah) [xopbs, a dance; 
iiavia, madness]. A nervous disorder characterized 
by dancing or other rhythmic movements; epidemic 
chorea; dancing mania. 

choronosologia, choronosology (ko-ro-no-sol-o'-je- 
ah, ko-ro-no-sol'-o-je) [x&pos, a region; voaos, a dis- 
ease; X6-yos, science]. The science of the geographic 
distribution of diseases or of endemic diseases of 
some region. 

Christian Science. An alleged system of therapy; 
a form of faith-cure; Eddyism. 

Christison's formula (kris'-tis-on) [Sir Robeit 
Christison, Scotch physician, 1797-1882]. A formula 
for estimating the amount of solids in the urine: 
multiply the last two figures of the specific gravity 
expressed in four figures by 2.33 (or by 2, Trapp; 
or by 2.2, Loebisch). This gives the amount of 
solids in every 1000 parts. 

chroatol (kro'-at-ol), CioHie . 2HI. A greenish- 
yellow, crystalline substance obtained by action of 
turpentine on iodine; used in powder or ointment in 
treatment of skin diseases. Syn., terpiniodohydrate. 

chroma-, chromato- [xp&p-cl, color]. Prefixes mean- 
ing colored. 

chromaffin cells (kro' -maf-fin) [chroma-; a finis, 
akin to]. Cells that have an affinity for chromium, 



which makes them yellow; the term is applied to the 
adrenal system. Syn., phaochrome, paraganglia, c. 
hormone, epinephrine. 

chromate (kro'-mat) [xp&na, color]. Any salt of 
chromic acid. 

chromatelopsia, chromatelopsis (kro-mat-e-lop'- 
se-ah, -sis) [chroma-; dreX^s, imperfect; o^is, vision]. 
Color-blindness . 

chromatic (kro-mat'-ik) [xp&hol, color]. Relating 
to or possessing color, c. aberration. See aberra- 
tion, chromatic, c. audition, luminous sensations 
aroused by sound. 

chromatidrosis. See chromidrosis. 

chromatin (kro' -mat-in) [see chromatic]. The por- 
tion of the protoplasm of a cell that takes the stain, 
forming a delicate reticular network or plexus of 
fibrils permeating the achromatin of a cell. Syn., 
karyomitome. 

chromatism (kro'-mat-izm) [xpw/ianavuos, coloring]. 
1. Abnormal coloration of any tissue. 2. Chro- 
matic aberration. 

chromatoblast (kro-mat'-o-blast) [chromato-; pXacrros, 
a germ]. Same as chromatophore. 

chromatodermatosis. See chromodermatosis. 

chromatodysopia (kro-mat-o-dis-o'-pe-ah) [chro- 
mato-; 80s, ill; 01/as, vision]. Color-blindness. 

chromatogenous (kro-mat-oj'-en-us) [chromato-; 
ytwav, to beget]. Producing color. 

chromatology (kro-mat-ol'-o-je) [chromato-; \6yos, 
science]. The science of colors. Also the spectro- 
scopic investigation of colors. 

chromatolysis (kro-mat-ol'-is-is) [chromato-; Xwns, 
a loosing]. 1. Flemming's term for the breaking- 
down of the nucleus at the death of the cell. Syn., 
karyolysis. 2. The disintegration and disappearance 
of the Nissl granules from nerve-cells. 

chromatometer (kro-mat-om'-et-ur) [chromato-; 
fikrpov, a measure]. An instrument for measuring 
color-perception or the intensity of colors. 

chromatometry (kro-mat-om'-et-re). 1. See chroma- 
toptometry. 2. The estimation of the coloring power 
of a substance. 

chromatopathia (kro-mat-o-path'-e-ah) [chromato-; 
wados, disease]. Any pigmentary skin-disease; a 
chromatosis. 

chromatopathy (kro-mat-op'-a-the). See chromato- 
pathia. 

chromatophile (kro-mat'-o-fiV). Same as chromo- 
philous. 

chromatophobia (kro-mat-o-fo'-be-ah) [chromato-; 
<£6/Sos, dread]. Abnormal fear of colors. 

chromatophore (kro-mat'-o-for) [chromato-; <j>6pos, 
bearing]. Any colored cell-plastid. 

chromatophorous (kro-mat-off'-or-us) [chromato-; 
<j>kpeiv, to bear]. Containing pigment or pigment- 
cells. 

chromatoplasm (kro-mat'-o-plazm) [chromato-; 
Tr\a<rp.a, anything formed]. The substance of the 
chromatoplasts as distinguished from the other 
cell-substances, karyoplasm, cytoplasm, metaplasm, 
paraplasm, etc. 

chromatoplast (kro-mat'-o-plast). See chromato- 
phore. 

chromatopseudopsis (kro-mat-o-su-dop'-sis) [chro- 
mato-; ^ev5i7s,_ false; 6^is, sight]. Color-blindness. 

chromatopsia (kro-mat-op'-se-ah) [chromato-; 5^-is, 
vision]. A disorder of vision in which color-impres- 
sions arise subjectively. It may be due to dis- 
turbance of the optic centers, or to drugs, especially 
santonin. 

chromatopsy (kro'-mat-op-se). See chromatopsia. 

chromatoptometry (kro-mat-op-tom'-et-re) [chro- 
mato-; bipis, vision; \ikrpov, a measure]. The testing 
of the sensibility of the eye with respect to color- 
perception. 

chromatoscope (kro-mat'-o-skop) [chromato-; <tko- 
irelv, to observe]. An instrument for deter- 
mining the refractive index of colored light. 

chromatoscopy (kro-mat-os'-ko-pe) [chromato-; <tko- 
ireiv, to observe]. The determination of the color 
of objects. 

chromatosis (kro-mat-o'-sis) [xp&na, color]. Pig- 
mentation; a pathological process or pigmentary 
disease consisting in a deposit of coloring-matter 
in a locality where it is usually not present, or in 
excessive quantity in regions where pigment normally 
exists. 

chromatoskiameter (kro-mat-o-ski-am'-et-er) [chro- 
mato-; aida, a shadow; nerpov, a measure]. Holm- 
gren's apparatus for testing color-sense, consisting 



CHROMATOSOME 



224 



CHROMOSOME 



of a lamp and a white screen, on which is cast the 
shadow of a pencil placed in front of different colored 
glasses. A scale indicates when the shadows are of 
equal brightness. 

chromatosome (kro-mat'-o-som) [chromato-; erco/m, 
body]. In biology, the "nuclear rods" of the nucleus. 

chromaturia (kro-mat-u' -re-ah) [chromato-; ovpov, 
urine]. Abnormal coloration of the urine. 

chrome (krom). See chromium, c.-alum, CrK2- 
(S04)2 + i2H20. A compound of chromium and 
potassium sulphate, forming large, dark-violet 
crystals soluble in five parts of water, the solution 
turning green when heated; used as a pigment. 

chromesthesia (krom-es-the'-ze-ah) [xp&na, color; 
aladriaris, perception by the senses]. The association 
of colors with words, letters, and sounds. 

chromhidrosis (krom-hid-ro'-sis). Same as chromi- 
drosis. 

chromic (kro'-mik) [chromium]. Pertaining to or 
made from chromium, c. acid, c. anhydride, chro- 
mium trioxide. 

chromicize (kro'-mis-iz). To impregnate with 
chromic acid or a chromium salt.. 

chromidium (kro-mid'-e-um). Any one of the 
granules of nuclear substance found in the cyto- 
plasm. 

chromidrosis (kro-mid-ro'-sis) [xp&pa, color; iSpws, 
sweat]. A rare condition of the sweat in which it is 
variously colored, being bluish, blackish, reddish, 
greenish, or yellowish. Black sweat (seborrhcea 
nigricans) occurs usually in hysterical women, the 
face being most often affected. It is associated with 
chronic constipation and is due to the presence of 
indican in the sweat. Red sweat (hematidrosis) 
may be due to an exudation of blood into the sweat- 
glands, or to the presence of a microorganism in the 
sweat. 

chromism (kro'-mizm). Excessive or abnormal 
coloration. 

chromite (kro'- mit). i. A combination of chromium 
sesquioxide with the oxide of some other metal. 
2. Any organic pigment. 

chromium (kro'-me-um) [xp&na, color]. Cr=52.o; 
quantivalence II and IV. One of the elements of 
the iron group. The various salts of chromium, 
especially the derivatives of chromium trioxide, Cr03, 
are much used in the manufacture of pigments and 
as a caustic. All are poisonous, c. and potassium 
sulphate. See chrome-alum. c. sesquioxide, Cr203, 
a green pigment occurring in nature as chrome-ochre ; 
it can be prepared artificially, c. trioxide. See 
acid, chromic. 

chromo- (kro-mo-) [xp<fyia, color]. A prefix mean- 
ing colored. 

chromoaromatic (kro-mo-ar-o-mat'-ik). Applied to 
microorganisms that are colored and aromatic. 

chromoblast (kro' -mo-blast). See chromatophore. 

chromocrinia (kro-mo-krin'-e-ah) [chromo-; uplveiv, 
to separate]. The secretion of coloring-matter, as 
in the sweat, etc. 

chromocyte (kro' -mo-sit) [chromo-; /euros, a cell]. 
Any colored cell. 

chromocytometer (kro-mo-si-tom'-et-er) [chromo- 
cyte; (lerpov, a measure]. An instrument for esti- 
mating the proportion of hemoglobin present in the 
blood. 

chromocytometry (kro-mo-si-tom'-et-re) [chromo-; 
kvtos, cell; fierpov, a measure]. The estimation of 
hemoglobin by means of the chromocytometer. 

chromocystoscopy (kro-mo-sis-tos' -ko-pe) [chromo-; 
cystoscopy]. Cystoscopy and inspection of the 
orifices of the ureters after the administration of a 
substance that will stain the urine. 

chromodermatosis (kro-mo-der-mat-o'-sis) [chromo-; 
dermatosis]. A skin disease characterized by dis- 
coloration of the surface. 

chromodiagnosis (kro-mo-di-ag-no'-sis) [chromo-; 
diagnosis], Sicard's term (1901) to designate the 
diagnosis of hemorrhages of the neuraxis by yellow 
discoloration of the cephalorhachidian fluid (xantho- 
chromia), due, according to Tuffier, to the normal 
lutein of the serum. 

chromogen (kro'-mo-jen) [chromo-; -yewav, to 
produce]. Any principle of the animal or vegetable 
economy which is susceptible, under suitable circum- 
stances, of being changed into a coloring-matter. 

chromogenesis (kro-mo-jen'-es-is) [chromo-; yewav, 
to produce]. The production of pigments or coloring 
matter, as by bacterial action. 

chromogenic (kro-mo-jen'-ik) [see chromogen]. 



1. Producing color or pigment; applied generally to 
pigment-producing bacteria. 2. Relating to chro- 
mogen. 

chromolume (kro'-mo-lum) [chromo-; lumen, light]. 
An apparatus for the production of colored rays for 
therapeutic purposes, c, electro-arc, a special 
deyice for solarization by means of the arc light. 

chromolysis (kro-mol'-is-is). Same as chromato- 
lysis. 

chromomere (kro'-mo-mer) [chromo-; fiepos, a part]. 
One of the minute granules composing the chromo- 
somes. Syn., id. 

chromometer (kro-mom'-et-ur). See chromatom- 
eter (2). 

chromometry (kro-mom'-et-re). See chromatom- 
etry (2). 

chromoparic, chromoparous (kro-mo-par'-ik, kro- 
mop'-ar-us) [chromo-; parere, to furnish]. Excreting a 
colored transformation-product which is diffused out 
upon and into the surrounding medium. It is said of 
certain bacteria. 

chromophane (kro' -mo-fan) [chromo-; <j>aii>eu>, to 
appear]. The pigment of the inner segments of the 
retinal cones of certain animals. There are at least 
three varieties, chlorophane, rhodophane, xantho- 
phane. 

chromophile (kro'-mo-fil). Same as chromophilous. 

chromophilous (kro-mof'-il-us) [chromo-; <f>i\os, 
loving]. Readily stained; easily absorbing color. 

chromophobic (kro'-mo-fo-bik) [chromo-; <j>60os, 
fear]. Not stainable; not readily absorbing color. 
Cf. chromophilous. 

chromophore (kro'-mo-for) [chromo-; <j>kpeiv, to 
bear]. 1. Those chromogenic bacteria that possess 
pigment as an integral part of their organism. 

2. The chemical group in an anilin dye which gives 
the color. 

chromophoric, chromophorous (kro-mo-for'-ik, kro- 
mof'-or-us). Applied to chromogenic bacteria in 
which the pigment is stored in the cell-protoplasm of 
the organism. 

chromophose (kro'-mo-foz) [chromo-; $&$, light]. 
A subjective sensation of color. See phose. 

chromophyl (kro'-mo-fil) [chromo-; 4>v\\oi>, a leaf]. 
A comprehensive term for the coloring-matter of 
plant cells, including chlorophyl, xanthophyl, ery- 
throphyl, cyanophyl, pheophyl, the various phyco- 
chromes, etc. 

chromophytosis (kro-mo-fi-to'-sis) [chromo-; fyvrbv, 
a plant]. 1. Any microscopic plant-growth that 
produces a discoloration of the skin in which it grows; 
any pigmentary skin disease caused by a vegetable 
parasite. 2. A synonym of tinea versicolor or 
Eichstedt's disease. 

chromoplasm (kro'-mo-plazm) [chromo-; ir\aatia, 
anything formed]. The network of a nucleus, so 
called because it stains readily. 

chromoplastid, or chromoplastidule (kro-mo-plas'- 
tid, or kro-mo-plas' -tid-ill) [chromo-; ir\aa<nv, to 
form]. A pigment-granule imbedded in the proto- 
plasm of a plant or animal. It is also called chromo- 
leucite. 

chromoprotein (kro-mo-pro'-te-in) [chromo-; pro- 
tein]. Any proteid capable of being broken up into 
albumin and a coloring-matter. 

chromopsia (kro-mop'-se-ah). See chromatopsia. 

chromoptometer (kro-mop-tom'-et-er) [chromo-; 
ukrpov, a measure]. A contrivance for determining 
the extent of development of color-vision. 

chromoradiometer (kro-mo-ra-de-om'-et-ur) [chro- 
mo-; radius, ray; ^krpov measure]. An instrument 
for measuring the penetrative power of the Roentgen 
rays. 

criromorhinorrhea (kro-mo-rin-or-e'-ah) [chromo-; 
j!>Ls, nose; fata, a flow]. The discharge of a colored 
secretion from the nose. 

chromoscope (kro'-mo-skop). See chromatoscope. 

chromosochromic (kro-mo-so-kro'-mik) . Contain- 
ing chromium both as a trivalent and as a bivalent 
radical. 

chromosome (kro'-mo-som) [chromo-; <ju>p.a, body]. 
A chromatin-fiber formed during karyokinesis. Syn., 
karyomita. c, bivalent, one representing two chro- 
mosomes joined end to end. Cf. c.s, pseudor eduction 
of. c. granules, granules of lymphocytes seen in 
the in vitro examination of living cells, c, pluri- 
valent, one having the value of two or more chromo- 
somes. Cf. c.s, pseudor eduction of. c.s, pseudo- 
reduction of, apparent reduction of the number 
of chromosomes through increase of bivalent or 



CHROMOSOT 



225 



CHYLOTHORAX 



plurivalent chromosomes, c.s, reduction of, the 
halving of the number of chromosomes in the germ- 
nuclei during maturation. 

chromosot (kro' -mo-sot). A disinfectant said to 
consist mainly of sodium sulphate and sodium 
sulphite. 

chromospermism (kro-mo-sperm'-izm) [chromo-; 
airepfia, seed]. A condition in which the semen is 
colored. Cf. cyanospermia. 

chromostroboscope (kro-mo-stro'-bo-skop) [chromo-; 
vrpofios, a twisting; a-Koirelv, to inspect]. A device 
for showing the persistence of visual impressions of 
color. 

chromotherapy (kro-mo-ther'-ap-e) [chromo-; depa- 
vtia, treatment]. The treatment of disease by- 
colored light. 

chromoureteroscopy (krc-mo-u-ret-er-os '-ko-pe) . 

See chromocystoscopy. 

chromule (kro'-mul) [chromo-; 8X17, matter]. 
Coloring-matter in plants, especially when not 
green, or when liquid. 

chronic (kron'-ik) [xpbvos, time]. Long-continued; 
of long duration; opposed to acute. 

chronicity {kron-is'-it-e) [chronic]. The state of 
being chronic or long-continued. 

chronograph (kron'-o-graf) [xpbvos, time; ypa<f>eiv, 
to write]. An instrument for graphically recording 
intervals of time in physiological and psychophysical 
experiments. 

chronoscope (kron'-o-skop) [xpbvos, time; aicoireZv, 
to inspect]. An instrument for measuring extremely 
short intervals of time, c, A-form, an apparatus 
introduced by Galton for measuring the time of 
certain psycho-physical reactions. It is so called 
from its outline, which somewhat resembles that of 
the letter A. 

chronothermal {kron-o-ther'-mal) [xpbvos, time; 
Bkpp.r], heat]. Pertaining to the theory that all 
diseases are characterized by periods of intermitting 
chill and heat; relating to periodicity in changes of 
bodily temperature. 

chronotropic (kron-o-trop'-ik) [xpbvos, time; rpkireiv, 
to turn]. Pertaining to influences which modify the 
rate of a periodically recurring phenomenon (heart- 
beat). 

chrotoplast (kro'-to-plast) [xp^s, skin; irXaaaelv, to 
form]. A skin-cell; a dermal or epithelial cell. 

chrotopsia, chrupsia (kro-top'-se-ah, krup' -se-ah) . 
See chromatopsia. 

chrysarobin, chrysarobinum (kris-ar-o'-bin, kris- 
ar-o-bi' -num) [xpvabs, gold; araroba (nat. East Ind.), 
bark of a leguminous tree], C30H26O7. A reduction- 
product of chrysophanic acid. It occurs in Goa 
powder and araroba powder. It is a yellow-colored 
powder, the product of the decay of Vonacapoua 
araroba, a Brazilian tree. It is a gastrointestinal 
irritant; locally and internally it is useful in psoriasis, 
but stains the skin a dark yellowish-brown color. 
Dose, internally, |-| gr. (0.008-0.032 Gm.). c. oint- 
ment (unguentum chrysarobini, U. S. P.), contains 
10 % of the drug with 90 % benzoinated lard. c. 
oxide, a brownish-black powder obtained from 
chrysarobin in boiling water by the action of sodium 
peroxide. It is recommended in treatment of eczema 
and acne rosacea in 5 to 10 % ointment. 

chrysoidin (kris-oi'-din) [xpvtrfc, gold; elSos, like]. 
1. C12H3N4CI. A coal-tar coloi used in dyeing. It is 
the hydrochloride of diamidoazobenzene. It con- 
sists of dark-violet crystals soluble in water. It dyes 
bright-yellow on silk and cotton. 2. C7H22O4. A 
yellow coloring-substance found in asparagus berries. 

chrysolein (kris-o' -le-in) . Sodium fluoride. 

chrysophan (kris'-o-fan) [xpvabs, gold; <j>aiveiv, to 
show], QeHisOs. A glucoside found in rhubarb. 

chrysophanic acid (kris-o-fan'-ik) . See acid, chryso- 
phanic. 

chrysophyl (kris'-o-fiT) [xpvo-bs, gold; tpvWov, a 
leaf]. Xanthophyl; a bright golden-yellow crystal- 
line pigment derived from leaves. 

chrysoretin, chrysorrhetin (kris-o-ret'-in). A yel- 
low pigment found in senna and identical with 
chrysophan. 

chrysotoxin (kris-o toks' -in). See sphaceloloxin. 

chthonophagia, or chthonophagy (thon-o-fa'-je-ah, 
or thon-off'-a-je) [xQ&v, earth; <payelv, to eat]. Dirt- 
eating; geophagy. 

chuchuarine (chu-chu'-ar-in) [Chuchuara, Indian 
name], C20H15N12O2. An alkaloid obtained from the 
seeds and wood of Semecarpus anacardium, an ana- 
cardiaceous aphrodisiac plant of the East Indies. 



It is extremely poisonous, acting somewhat like 
strychnine. 

churning sound (churn' -ing). A peculiar splashing- 
sound like that made by a churn, heard in the chest 
in some cases of pleural effusion. 

Chvostek's symptom (vos'-tek) [Franz Chvostek, 
Austrian surgeon, 1835-1884]. Increase of the 
mechanical irritability of the motor nerves, especially 
the facial, in post operative tetany. A sudden local 
spasm is elicited by a slight tap on one side of the 
face. See also Weiss' sign. 

chylaceous (ki-la'-se-us). Composed of chyle. 

chylangioma (ki-lan-je-o'-mah) [chyle; &yy elov, a 
vessel]. 1. Retention of chyle in lymphatic vessels 
with dilatation of the latter. 2. A tumor of lymph- 
vessels containing chyle. 

chylaqueous (ki-la'-kwe-us) [chyle; aqua, water]. 
Like water and chyle, c. fluid, the digested food or 
nutritive fluid in the somatic or perigastric cavity 
of invertebrates; it is never enclosed in distinct 
vessels and_ represents the blood of higher animals. 

chyle (kil) [xv\6s, juice]. The milk-white fluid 
absorbed by the lacteals during digestion. On 
standing, it separates into a thin, jelly-like clot and a 
substance identical with serum, c.-corpuscle, any 
floating cell of the chyle. These cells resemble, and 
are probably identical with, the colorless blood- 
corpuscles, c, granular, c, molecular base of, the 
minute particles of fat which give the milky appear- 
ance to chyle. 

chylemia (ki-le'-me-ah) [chyle; alp.a, blood]. The 
presence of chyle in the blood. 

chylidrosis (ki-lid-ro'-sis) [chyle; Upuans, a sweat- 
ing]. Milkiness of the sweat. 

chylifaction (ki-le-fak' -shun) [chyle; facere, to 
make]. The forming of chyle from food. 

chylifactive (ki-le-fak'-tiv) [chyle; facere, to make]. 
Chyle-forming. 

chyliferous (ki-lif'-er-us) [chyle; ferre, to carry]. 
Containing or carrying chyle. 

chylific (ki-lif'-ik) [chyle; facere, to make]. Making 
chyle; pertaining to chylifaction. 

chylification (ki-le-fik-a'-shun) [chyle; facere, to 
make]. The process by which chyle is formed, 
separated, and absorbed by the villi of the small 
intestine. 

chylificatory (ki-lif'-ik-at-o-re) [chyle; facere, to 
make].. Chyle-making. 

chylivorous (ki-liv'-or-us) [chyle; vorare, to devour]. 
Applied to parasitic organisms subsisting on chyle. 

chylocele (ki'-lo-sel) [chyle; ktjXti, a tumor]. An 
effusion _ of chyle into the tunica vaginalis testis. 
c. parasitic. See filaria sanguinis hominis. 

chylocyst (ki'-lo-sist) [chyle; kixttls, bladder]. 
The chyle-bladder; the reservoir of Pecquet. 

chylocystic (ki-lo-sis'-tik) [chyle; kwtis, bladder]. 
Relating to the chylocyst. 

chyloderma (ki-lo-der'-mah) [chyle; okpp.a, skin]. 
Scrotal elephantiasis, with accumulation of lymph 
in the thickened skin and in the enlarged lymphatic 
vessels; lymph-scrotum. 

chylodochium (ki-lo-do' -ke-um) [chyle; doxelov, 
receptacle]. The receptaculum chyli. 

chylogaster (ki-lo-gas'-ter) [chyle; yao-Trjp, the 
stomach]. The duodenum, so-called because of its 
being the chief seat of chylous digestion. 

chylogastric (ki-lo-gas'-trik). Pertaining to. the 
chylogaster. 

chylopericardium (ki-lo-per-ik-ar' -de-um) [chyle; 
irepl, around; Kapola, the heart]. A rare condition, 
in which chyle is present in the pericardium, as a 
consequence of the formation of a channel of com- 
munication between a chyle-duct and the cavity of 
the heart-sac. 

chyloperitoneum (ki-lo-per-it-on-e'-um). A con- 
dition marked by an effusion of chyle in the peri- 
toneum. 

chylopoiesis (ki-lo-poi-e'-sis) [chyle; iroielv, to 
make]. Chylification. 

chylopoietic (ki-lo-poi-et'-ik) [see chylopoiesis]. 
Making or forming chyle. 

chyloptyalism (ki-lop-ti' -al-izm) [chyle; irrvaKetelv, 
to spit]. Milkiness of the saliva. 

chylorrhea (ki-lor-e'-ah) [chyle; pelv, to flow]. An 
excessive flow of chyle; also, a diarrhea characterized 
by a milky color of the feces. 

chylosis (ki-lo'-sis) [xuXohtis, a converting into 
juice]. Chylification. 

chylothorax (ki-lo-tho'-raks) [chyle; 0copa£, the 
chest]. The presence of chyle in the pleural cavity. 



CHYLOUS 



226 



CINCHONA 



chylous (ki'-lus) [chyle]. Relating to or resembling 
chyle. 

chyluria (ki-lu'-re-ah) [chyle; ovpov, urine]. The 
passage of chyle in the urine. It is thought to be 
caused by a disordered condition of the lacteals, 
and is also connected with the presence in the blood 
of Filaria sanguinis hominis, which blocks up the 
ly m ph-channels . 

chyme (kirn) [x^mos. chyme]. Food that has under- 
gone gastric digestion and has not yet been acted 
upon by the biliary, pancreatic, and intestinal secre- 
tions. 

chymiferous {ki-mif'-er-us) [chyme; ferre, to bear]. 
Capable of producing chyme. 

chymification {ki-me-fik-a'-shun) [chyme; facere, 
to make]. The change of food into chyme by the 
digestive process. 

chymorrhea (kim-or-e'-ah) [chyme; peiv, to flow]. 
A discharge of chyme. 

chymosin {ki' -mo-sin) [chyme], Rennin; the rennet 
ferment. 

chymosinogen (ki-mo-sin'-o-jen). The antecedent 
body from which chymosin is developed. 

Ciaglinski's sensory tract (se-a-glin'-ske). A tract 
of ascending fibers in the posterior gray commissure 
of the thoracic part of the spinal cord. 

Ciamician and Magnanini's test for skatol. Skatol 
warmed with sulphuric acid produces a purple-red 
color. 

cibarian {sib-a'-re-ari) [cibus, food]. Relating to 
food and the organs concerned in mastication and 
deglutition. 

cibarious (sib-a'-re-us) [cibus, food]. Serving as 
food; nutritious; edible. 

cibation (si-ba'-shun) [cibus, food], i. The act of 
receiving nourishment. 2. The process of con- 
densing a liquid. 

cibisotome {si-bis'-ot-om) [idPuns, pouch; rofiri, 
cut]. An instrument for opening the capsule of the lens. 

cibophobia (si-bo-fo'-be-ah) [cibus, food; <po(ios, fear]. 
Morbid aversion to food. 

cicatricial {sik-at-rish'-al) [cicatrix]. Pertaining 
to or of the nature of a cicatrix, c. deformities, 
abnormal contractions caused by cicatrices, c. 
tissue, a form of dense connective tissue seen in 
cicatrices. t 

cicatricose, cicatrisate (sik-at'-re-kos, sik-at'-riz-at). 
Marked with cicatrices or cicatricial impressions. 

cicatrix (sik-a'-triks) [L.: pi., cicatrices], A scar. 
The connective tissue which replaces a localized loss 
of substance. Its color is usually whitish and 
glistening when old, red or purple when newly de- 
veloped, c, exuberant, c, hypertrophic, c, keloid, 
one that hypertrophies after the healing of a wound 
and becomes red and prominent, c, vicious, one 
that impairs the function of a part. 

cicatrizant (sik'-at-ri-zant) [cicatrix, a scar], i. 
Tending to cicatrize or heal. 2. A medicine that 
aids the formation of a cicatrix. 

cicatrization {sik-at-riz-a' -shun) [cicatrix]. The 
process of healing of a wound. 

cicatrize {sik'-at-riz). To heal. 

cicatrose (sik'-at-ros). See cicatricose. 

Cichorium {sik-o'-re-um) [kix&p<-ov]. A genus of 
plants of the order Composites. C. intybus, chicory, 
succory, bunk, is a hardy perennial of Europe; the 
root of the wild plant is said to be a powerful altera- 
tive. C. glucoside, C22H34O19 +4IH2O (?), a bitter 
glucoside obtained from the flowers of C. intybus. 

Cicuta (sik-u'-tah) [L., "hemlock"]. A genus of 
umbelliferous plants. C. virosa is a poisonous 
species of northern Europe. It is never used in- 
ternally, but has been applied externally in rheuma- 
tism. 

cicutine (sik'-u-ien) [cicuta, hemlock], 1. An 
alkaloid obtained from Cicuta virosa. 2. The same 
as coniine. 

cicutism (sik'-u-tizm) [Cicuta]. Poisoning with 
water-hemlock, Cicuta virosa. It is marked by 
epileptiform convulsions, dilatation of the pupils, 
cyanosis of the face, and coma. 

cicutoxin (sik-u-toks'-in) [cicuta, hemlock; to^ikov, 
poison]. The poisonous active principle of Cicuta 
virosa. It is a viscid, non-crystallizable liquid of 
unpleasant taste and acid reaction. 

cilia (sil'-e-ah) [pi. of cilium, the eyelid or eyelash]. 
1. The eyelashes. 2. The locomotor and prehensile 
organs of certain microorganisms. 3, The hair-like 
appendages of certain epithelial cells, the function 
of which is to propel fluid or particles. 



ciliariscope (sil-e-ar' -is-kop) [cilium, eyelid; aKovetv, 
to look at]. An instrument (essentially a prism) 
for examining the ciliary region of the eye. 

ciliarotomy (sil-e-ar-ot'-o-me) [cilia; rkpvtiv, to 
cut]. Surgical section of the ciliary zone for glau- 
coma. 

ciliary (sil'-e-a-re) [cilia]. 1. Pertaining to the 
eyelid or eyelash. 2. Relating to ciliary movement. 
3. Pertaining to the ciliary apparatus, c. apparatus, 
the structure related to the mechanism of accommo- 
dation, c. arteries, anterior, posterior long, and 
posterior short, branches of the ophthalmic artery, 
supplying the recti muscles, the ciliary apparatus, 
and the posterior structures of the eye, with the 
exception of the retina, c. body, the ciliary muscle 
and processes, c. canal, the canal of Fontana. c, 
ganglion, the ganglion at the apex of the orbit, 
supplying the ciliary muscle and iris. c. ligament. 
See ligamentum pectinatum. c. movement, move- 
ment by means of vibratory cilia, c. muscle, 
the muscle of accommodation, the contraction of 
which lessens the tension upon the suspensory 
ligament of the lens. c. nerves, branches of the 
ophthalmic ganglion supplying the anterior structures 
of the eyeball and the accommodative apparatus. 
c. neuralgia, neuralgic pain of the eye, brow, temple, 
etc. c. processes, circularly arranged choroid fold- 
ings continuous with the iris in front, c. region, 
the pericorneal or "danger zone," corresponding to 
the position of the ciliary body. c. zone, the ciliary 
processes collectively. 

ciliata (sil-e-ah'-tah). A class of protozoa charac- 
terized by the presence of cilia. 

ciliated {siV -e-a-ted) [cilia]. 1. Having cilia. 
2. Of bacteria, having fine hair-like processes, like 
cilia. 

ciliation (sil-e-a'-shun) [cilium, an eyelash]. The 
condition of having cilia. 

ciliospinal (sil-e-o-spi'-nal) [cilia; spina, the spine]. 
Relating to the ciliary zone and the spine, c. center. 
See center, ciliospinal. 

cilium (sil'-e-um). See cilia. 

cillo (sil'-o), or cillosis (sil-o'-sis) [cilium, an eye- 
lash]. A spasmodic trembling of the eyelid. 

cillotic (sil-ot'-ik) [cilium, an eyelash]. Pertaining 
to or affected with cillo. 

cimbia (sim'-be-ah) [L.]. The white band seen 
upon the ventral aspect of the crus cerebri, the 
tractus pedunculi transversus of Gudden. 

cimbial (sim'-be-al) [cimbia, a cincture]. Relating 
to the cimbia. 

cimex (si'-meks) [L., "a bug"]. A genus of hemip- 
terous insects, c. lectularius, the common bedbug. 

cimicifuga {sim-is-if'-u-gah) [cimex; fugare, to 
drive away]. Black snakeroot; black cohosh. The 
root of C. racemosa, ord. Ranunculacea. A stom- 
achic, antispasmodic, aphrodisiac, expectorant, and 
diuretic. Its action on the heart is similar to that, 
of digitalis. It has been used in cardiac diseases, 
functional impotence, chorea, and ovarian neuralgia. 
c, extract of (extr actum cimicifuga, U. S. P.). Dose 
4 gr. (0.25 Gm.). c, fluidextract of (fluidextr actum 
cimicifuga, U. S. P.). Dose 5-30 min. (0.32-2.0 Cc). 
c, liquid extract of (extractum cimicifuga liquidum, 
B. P.). Dose 3-30 min. (0.2-2.0 Cc). c, tincture 
of (tinctura cimicifuga, U. S. P.) (20 % strength). 
Dose is min.-i dr. (1-4 Cc). 

cimicifugin (sim-is-if-u-jin) [cimex, a bug; fugare, 
to drive away]. The precipitate from a tincture of 
the root of Cimicifuga racemosa; it is an antispasmo- 
dic, diaphoretic, nervine, emmenagogue, parturient, 
and narcotic. Dose 1 to 2 grains. 

cimmol (sim'-ol). See aldehyde, cinnamic. 

cina (si'-nah) [L.]. The plant Artemisia santonica. 

See santonica. 

cinchamidine (sin-kam' -id-en) [cinchona; amidin], 
C22H22N2O2. An alkaloid found in the mother-liquor 
from which cinchonidine has been extracted. 

cincholine (sin'-ko-len) [cinchona], A pale yellow 
liquid alkaloid isolated from the mother-liquors of 
quinine. 

cinchona (sin-ko'-nah) [Countess Chinchon, 17th 
century]. Peruvian bark. The bark of several 
varieties of cinchona, a tree native to the eastern 
slopes of the Andes, the most valuable being C. 
calisava. Other varieties are C. condaminea, pale 
bark,"C. pitayensis, Pitayo bark, and C. micrantha. 
Cinchona bark contains 21 alkaloids, of which four 
— quinine, cinchonine, quinidine, and cinchonidine — 
are the most important. Cinchona has the same 



CINCHONAMINE 



227 



CIONECTOMY 



physiological action and therapeutic uses as its chief 
alkaloid, quinine. See quinine. It is also an astrin- 
gent, bitter, and stomachic tonic, stimulating appe- 
tite and promoting digestion, beneficial in atonic 
dyspepsia and adynamia, but especially useful in 
malarial affections, c, decoction of {decoctum 
cinchona, B. P.). Dose 1-2 oz. (30-60 Cc). c, 
fluidextract of (fluidextr actum cinchona, U. S. P.). 
Dose 10 min.-i dr. (0.65-4.0 Cc). c, infusion of 
{infusum cinchona, B. P.). Dose 1 dr.-i oz. (4-30 
Cc). c, liquid extract of {extr actum cinchona 
liquidum, B. P.). Dose 5-10 min. (0.3-0.6 Cc). 
c, red {cinchona rubra, U. S. P.), the dried bark of 
C. succirubra. Dose 15 gr. (1 Gm.). c, tincture of 
{tinctura cinchona, U. S. P.) (20 % of bark). Dose 
\-2 dr. (2-8 Cc). c, tincture of, compound {tinctura 
cinchona composita, U. S. P.), Huxham's tincture. 
Dose 1 dr.-§ oz. (4-16 Cc). 

cinchonamine {sin-kon' -am-en) [cinchona; amine], 
C19H24N2O. An alkaloid of cuprea bark. It occurs 
in glistening, colorless crystals that are nearly 
insoluble in water and but slightly soluble in 
ether. . 

cinchonate {sin'-ko-nat). A salt of cinchonic acid. 

cinchonicine {sin-kon' -is- en) [cinchonin], C19H22N2- 
O. An artificial alkaloid derived from cinchonine. 

cinchonidine {sin-kon' -id-en), C19H22N2O. An al- 
kaloid derived from cinchona. It is a crystalline 
substance resembling quinine in general properties. 
c. bisulphate, c. disulphate, C19H22N2O . H2SO4 
+5H2O, prisms soluble in water and alcohol; anti- 
periodic Dose 15-30 gr. (0.977I.94 Gm.). Syn., 
acid cinchonidine sulphate, c. salicylate, has decided 
antiperiodic properties, c. sulphate {cinchonidina 
sulphas, U. S. P.), (Ci9H22N20)2.H2S04+3H 2 0, less 
bitter than quinine, and valuable as an antipyretic. 
Dose 1-20 gr. (0.065-1.3 Gm.) or more. c. tannate, 
a tasteless, yellow, amorphous powder, soluble in 
alcohol; it is used in intermittent fevers. Dose 
8-16 gr. (0.52-1.04 Gm.). 

cinchonine {sin'-ko-nen) [cinchona], C19H22N2O. 
An alkaloid derived from cinchona. It is a colorless, 
crystalline body, similar to quinine in therapeutic 
effects, but less active, c. bisulphate, C19H22N2O . - 
H2SO4, used as is cinchonine. c. dihydrochloride, 
is said to contain 60 % of cinchonine; antipyretic 
and antiseptic, c. herapathite, c. iodosulphate. 
See antiseptol. c. hydrochloride,. used as is cinchonine. 
c. nitrate, C19H22N2O . HNO3 +H2O, used as is cin- 
chonine. c. salicylate, C19H22N2 . C7H6O3; used in 
rheumatism in malarial regions. Dose 5-20 gr. 
(0.32-1.3 Gm.). c. sulphate {cinchonina sulphas, U. 
S. P.), (Ci9H22N 2 0) 2 .H2S04-f-2H20. It is soluble 
with difficulty in water, but soluble in adiculated 
water. Dose 5-30 gr. (0.32-2.0 Gm.). c. tannate, 
yellow powder, soluble in alcohol; used in the same 
manner as is cinchonine. 

cinchonism {sin'-ko-nizm) [cinchona]. The syste- 
mic effect of cinchona or its alkaloids when given in 
full doses. The symptoms produced are a ringing 
in the ears, with deafness, headache, giddiness, dim- 
ness of sight, and a weakening of the heart's action. 

cinchonize {sin'-ko-niz) [cinchona]. To bring under 
the influence of cinchona or its alkaloids. 

cinchonology {sin-ko-nol'-o-je) [cinchona; \6yos, 
science]. The science of the derivatives of cinchona. 

cinchotannin {sin-ko-tan'-in), C14H16O9. A gluco- 
side existing in cinchona bark in the proportion of 
3 to 4 % : a brownish-red substance, soluble in water 
and alcohol, and forming white precipitates with 
tartar emetic and gelatin. Syn., cinchotannic acid; 
quinotannic acid. 

cinclisis {sin'-klis-is) [kiykXio-is, any quick, re- 
peated motion]. Quick, spasmodic movement of 
any part of the body, but particularly applied to 
rapid winking. Hippocrates' term for quick motion 
of the chest, as in dyspnea. Syn., cinclesmus. 

cincture (singk'-tur) [cinctura, a girdle]. A belt 
or girdle, c.-feeling, a sensation as if the waist 
were encircled by a tight girdle. See girdle-pain. 

cinematics {sin-e-mal'-iks). See kinetics. 

cinematograph. See kinematograph. 

cineol {sin'-e-ol) [cina, wormseed; oleum, oil], 
C10H16O. The principal constituent of wormseed, 
cajuput, and eucalyptus oils. 

cineraceous {sin-er-a'-shus) [cinerea]. Ash-gray 
in color. 

Cineraria {sin-er-a'-re-ah) [cinerarius, pertaining to 
ashes]. A genus of composite plants. C. maritima, 
the juice of this plant has been long used in Venezuela 



in the belief that, dropped in the eye, it would cause 
the absorption of cataract. 

cinerea {sin-e'-re-ah) [cinereus, ashen]. The gray 
substance of the brain, spinal cord, and ganglia. 
c, lamina, a thin layer of; gray substance extending 
backward above the optic commissure from the 
termination of the corpus callosum to the tuber 
cinereum. 

cinereal {sin-e'-re-aT). Ashy. 

cineritious {sin-er-ish'-us) [cineres, ashes]. Ash- 
like or pertaining to ashes, c. substance, the cortex 
of the brain, from the color of the same. c. tubercle, 
the tuber cinereum. 

cinesia {sin-e'-se-ah). See kinesis. 

cinesiology {sin-es-e-ol'-o-je). See kinesiology. 

cinesis {sin-e'-sis). See kinesis. 

cinesitherapy {sin-es-e-ther'-a-pe). See kinesi- 
therapy. 

cinetica {sin-et'-ik-ah) [kivzIv, to move]. Medi- 
cines or diseases that affect the motor apparatus. 

cingula {sin'-gu-lah). 1. A band, girdle, or zone. 
2. Burdach s name for the upper part of the fornicate 
gyrus. 

cingule {sin'-gul) [cingulum]. The groove separ- 
ating the primitive cusp or tubercle frequently found 
on the lingual face of the upper incisor teeth. Syn., 
cingulum; cingulus. 

cingulum {sin'-gu-lum) [cingere, to gird]. 1. A 
girdle or zone; the waist. 2. Herpes zoster or 
shingles. 3- See cingule. 4. A fibrous bundle in 
the fornicate gyrus of the brain. Syn., bundle of the 
gyrus fornicatus; fasciculus arcuatus. c. extremitatis 
inferioris, the pelvic girdle, c. extremitatis superi- 
oris, the shoulder girdle, c. Halleri, the abdominal 
muscles, c. veneris. See corona veneris. 

cinnabar {sin'.-ab-ar) [Kiwafiapi, a pigment]. 
Mercuric sulphide, HgS. 

cinnabarsana {sin-ab-ar-san'-ah). A preparation 
said to consist of arsenic trioxide, cinnabar, charcoal, 
and water; it has been used as a cancer remedy 

cinnamein {sin-am-e' -in) , CH02(CH). A consti- 
tuent of balsams of Peru and Tolu, and is obtained 
from sodium cinnamate by heating with benzyl 
chloride. Syn., benzyl cinnamate. 

cinnamene {sin-am '-en) . See styrol. 

cinnamic {sin-am'-ik) [cinnamon]. Pertaining to 
or derived from cinnamon, c. acid. See acid, 
cinnamic. c. aldehyde {cinnaldehydum, U. S. P.). 
See aldehyde, cinnamic. 

cinnamol {sin'-am-ol). 1. See styrol. 2. See alde- 
hyde, cinnamic. 

cinnamomum {sin-am-o' -mum) . See cinnamon. 

cinnamon {sin'-am-on). The inner bark of the 
shoots of several species of Cinnamomum, native to 
Ceylon and China, the latter variety being known in 
commerce under the name of cassia. Two varieties 
are official: Cinnamomum saigonicum, Saigon cinna- 
mon, and C. zeylanicum, Ceylon cinnamon. Its prop- 
erties are due to a volatile oil. It is an agreeable 
carminative and aromatic stimulant, used in flatu- 
lence, colic, enteralgia, etc. c, aromatic, fluidextract 
of, contains aromatic powder, 10; alcohol, 8 parts. 
Dose 10-30 min. (0.65-2.0 Cc). c, aromatic, powder 
of, made up of aromatic powder, cinnamon, of each, 
35; cardamom, nutmeg, of each, 15. Dose 10-30 gr. 
(0.65-2.0 Gm.). c, compound powder of {pulvis cinna- 
momi compositus, B. P.), cinnamon-bark, cardamom- 
seeds, and ginger. Dose 3-10 gr. (0.2-0.65 Gm.). 
c, oil of {oleum cinnamomi, U. S. P.), the volatile oil 
of cinnamon. Dose 1-5 min. (0.065-0.32 Cc). 
c, spirit of {spiritus cinnamomi, U. S. P.), 10 % of 
the oil in spirit. Dose 5-30 min. (0.32-2.0 Cc). 
c, tincture of {tinctura cinnamomi, U. S. P.), 20 % 
of powdered Saigon cinnamon in glycerol, alcohol, 
and water. Dose §-2 dr. (2-8 Cc). c. water {aqua 
cinnamomi, U. S. P.), 2 parts of oil in 1000 of water. 
Dose 1-2 oz. (30-60 Cc). 

cinnamyl {sin'-am-il) [cinnamon], C9H7O. The 
radical believed to exist in cinnamic acid. c. cinna- 
mate. See styracin. c.-eugenol, C19H18O3. It ia 
antiseptic and is used hypodermatically instead of 
eugenol in tuberculosis. Injection, 2-8 min. (0.12- 
0.5 Cc.) of olive-oil solution, c. hydrate, cinnamic 
acid. c. hydride, cinnamic aldehyde, c.-meta- 
cresol, the metacresol ester of cinnamic acid; a 
nontoxic nonirri taring antiseptic substance recom- 
mended in treatment of tuberculosis. Syn., heto- 
cresol. 

cionectomy {si-on-ek' -to-me) [kIwv, the uvula. 
tKTour], a cutting out]. Ablation of the uvula. 



CIONITIS 



228 



CIRRHOSIS 



cionitis (si-on-i'-tis) [kIuv, the uvula; ms, inflam- 
mation]. Inflammation of the uvula. 

cionoptosis (si-on-op-to'-sis) [duv, uvula; tttCxtis, 
a falling]. Prolapse of the uvula. 

cionorrhaphia (si-on-or-af'-e-ah) [kLwv, the uvula; 
i>a.<j>f], a suture]. See staphylorrhaphy. 

cionotome (si-on'-o-tom) [kiuv, the uvula; To/117, a 
cutting]. An instrument for cutting off the uvula. 

cionotomy (si-on-ot'-o-me) [kLwv, uvula; rout}, a 
section]. Incision of the uvula. 

ciose (si'-6s). Trade name of a dry preparation 
containing the protein substance of lean beef in a 
soluble form. 

Cipollina's test for glucose (sip-ol-e'-nah). Mix 4 
c.c. of dextrose solution (or urine), 5 drops of phenyl- 
hydrazine (base), and § c.c. of glacial acetic acid in a 
test-tube. Heat over a low flame for one minute. 
Add 4 or s drops of sodium hydroxide (sp. gr. 1.16) 
taking care that the fluid remains acid. Heat the 
mixture again for a moment and then cool. Crystals 
of glucosazone usually form at once. If they do not, 
allow test-tube to stand at least twenty minutes 
before final decision is reached. 

circellus (ser-sel'-us) [L.; pi., circelli]. A small 
circle, circelli cerebelli, the lamina? of the cere- 
bellum, c. venosus hypoglossi, a venous plexus 
encircling the hypoglossal nerve in the anterior 
condylar foramen; it communicates with the occipital 
sinus and with the jugular vein. 

circinate (sir'-sin-at) [circinatus, circular]. Having 
a circular outline or a ring formation, c. eruption, 
see wandering rash. 

circinus (sir'-sin-us) [dpiuvos, circle]. Herpes 
zoster; zona. 

circle (ser'-kl) [kLpkos, a circle]. A ring; a line, 
every point of which is equidistant from a point 
called the center, c, ciliary, the ciliary ligament. 
c. of diffusion. See diffusion-circle, c. of Haller. 
See Haller, circle, c, Huguier's. See Huguier, 
circle, c. of Willis. See Willis, circle, c. of Zinn. 
See Haller, circle of (1). 

circocele (sur'-ko-sel). See cirsocele. 

circuit (ser'-kit) [circuitus, a going round]. The 
course of an electric current, c.-breaker, an appar- 
atus for interrupting the circuit of an electric current. 

circular (ser'-ku-lar). 1. Ring-shaped. 2. Pertain- 
ing to a circle. 3. Marked by alternations of 
despondency and excitation, as in circular insanity. 
c. amputation, amputation with an incision surround- 
ing the limb c. insanity. See insanity, circular. 
c. sinus. See sinus, circular. 

circulation (ser-ku-la' '-shun) [circulatio, a circular 
course]. Passage in a circle, as the circulation of 
the blood, c, collateral, that taking place through 
branches and secondary channels after stoppage of 
the principal route, c, fetal, that of the fetus, in- 
cluding the circulation through the placenta and um- 
bilical cord, c, first, c, primitive, that of the 
embryo, a closed system, carrying nutriment and 
oxygen to the embryo, c, placental, the fetal circu- 
lation, c, portal, the passage of the blood from 
the gastrointestinal tract and spleen through the 
liver, and its exit by the hepatic vein, c, pulmonary, 
the circulation of blood through the lungs by means 
of the pulmonary artery and veins, for the purpose 
of oxygenation and purification, c, second, the 
fetal circulation, replacing the omphalomesenteric 
system, c, systemic, the general circulation, as 
distinct from the pulmonary circulation, c, third, 
that of the adult, c, vitelline, first or primitive 
circulation. 

circulatory (ser'-ku-la-to-re). Pertaining to the 
circulation. 

circulus (ser'-ku-lus) [L.]. 1. A circle. 2. See 
Willis, circle of. c. arteriosus Halleri, the circle of 
Haller. c. arteriosus iridis major, an arterial circle 
around the circumference of the iris. c. arteriosus 
iridis minor, one around the free margin of the iris. 
c. articuli vasculosus, that formed by the blood-vessels 
in the synovial membrane about the cartilages of a 
joint, c. arteriosus Willisii, the circle of Willis, an 
arterial circle at the base of the brain, c. gangliosus 
ciliaris, a circular nerve-plexus in the ciliary muscle. 
Syn., orbiculus gangliosus. c. osseus, the tympanic 
ring. c. venosus Halleri, c. venosus mammae, an 
anastomosis of veins around the nipple. 

circum- (ser-kum-) [L.]. A prefix meaning around, 
about. 

circumagentes (sir-kum-aj-en'-tez) [L., "causing 
to revolve"]. 1. The oblique muscles of the eye. 



2. The infraspinatus and supraspinatus muscle that 
revolve the arm. 

circumanal (sir-kum-a'-nal) [circum; anus, the 
fundament]. Periproctous; surrounding the anus. 

circumaxile (ser-kum-aks'-il) [circum-; axis]. En- 
circling an axis. 

circumaxillary (sir-kum-aks'-il-ar-e) [circum-; ax- 
illa]. Surrounding the axilla. 

circumbuccal (sir-kum-buk'-al) [circum-; bucca, 
the cheek]. Surrounding the mouth. 

circumbulbar (sir-kum-bul'-bar). Surrounding a 
bulb, especially the eyeball. 

circumcision {sir-kum-sizh'-un) [circum-; ccedere, 
to cut]. The removal of the foreskin; excision of a 
circular piece of the prepuce. 

circumclusion (sir-kum-klu'-zhun) [circum-; cludere, 
to close]. A form of acupressure in which the pin is 
passed beneath the vessel, a wire loop placed over its 
point, and its ends brought over the artery and made 
fast. 

circumcorneal (sir-kum-kor'-ne-al) [circum-; cor- 
neus, horny]. _ Around or about the cornea. 

circumduction (sir-kum-duk'-shun) [circum-; ducere, 
to lead]. The movement of a limb in such a manner 
that its distal part describes a circle, the proximal 
end being fixed. 

circumference (sir-kum'-fer-ens) [circumferre, to 
carry around]. The distance around a part. 

circumferential (sur-kum-fer-en'-shal). Pertaining 
to a circumference; peripheral. 

circumflex (sir'-kum-fleks) [circum-; flectere, to 
bend]. Winding around. The name given to a 
number of arteries, veins, and nerves, on account of 
their course. 

circumgyration (sir-kum-ji-ra'-shun) [circum-; gy- 
rare, to turn]. See vertigo. 

circuminsular isir-kum-in' -su-lar) [circum-; insula, 
island]. Surrounding the island of Reil. 

circumlental (sir-kum-len'-fal) [circum-; lens, a 
lentil; lens]. Surrounding the lens. c. space. See 
space. 

circumnuclear (sir-kum-nu'-kle-ar) [circum-; nu- 
cleus, kernel]. Surrounding the nucleus. 

circumnutation (sir-kum-nu-ta' -shun) [circum-; nu- 
tare, to nod]. A bending successively toward all 
points of the compass. Applied to the movements 
of young and growing organs. 

circumocular (sir-kum-ok'-u-lar) [circum-; oculus, 
eye]. Surrounding the eye. 

circumoral (sir-kum-o'-ral) [circum-; os, mouth]. 
Surrounding the mouth. 

circumorbital (sir-kum-or -bit-al) [circum-; orbita, 
orbit]. Around the orbit. 

circumpolarization (sir-kum-po-lar-i-za'-shun) [cir- 
cum-; polus, pole]. 1. The rotation of a ray of 
polarized light. 2. The quantitative estimation of 
sugar in a suspected liquid by the degree of the 
rotation of polarized light, sugar rotating the ray 
to the right, albumin to the left. 

circumrenal (sir-kum-re'-nal) [circum-; ren, the 
kidney]. Around or about the kidney. 

circumscribed (sir'-kum-skribd) [circum-; scribere, 
to write]. Strictly limited or marked off; well 
defined; distinct from surrounding parts, as a cir- 
cumscribed inflammation or tumor. 

circumtonsillar (sir-kum-tons-il'-lar) [circum-; ton- 
sil]. Surrounding the tonsil. 

circumvallate (sir-kum-val'-at) [circum-; vallum, 
wall]. Surrounded by a wall or prominence, c. 
papulae, certain papillae at the base of the tongue. 

circumvascular (sir-kum-vas'-ku-lar) [circum-; vas- 
culum, vessel]. Surrounding a blood vessel, or other 



cirrholysin (sir-oV -is-in) . See fibrolysin. 

cirrhonosus (sir-on' -o-sus) [kip/J6s, yellow; vbaos, 
disease]. 1. A fetal disorder, marked by yellowness 
of the serous membranes. 2. Abnormal post- 
mortem yellowness of any surface or tissue. 

cirrhose (sir-os') [cirrus, a tendril]. In biology, 
provided with tendrils. 

cirrhosis (sir-o'-sis) [kippos, reddish-yellow from 
the color of the cirrhotic liver]. Chronic inflamma- 
tion of an organ, characterized by hardening due to 
an overgrowth of the connective tissue, c, alcoholic. 
See c, atrophic, c, annular. See c, multilobular. 
c, atrophic, a form of cirrhosis of the liver occurring 
in hard drinkers, characterized by great over- 
growth of the interstitial substance, with atrophy 
of the parenchyma, c, biliary, a form of cirrhosis 
of the liver due to chronic retention of bile from long- 



CIRRHOTIC 



229 



CIVET 



continued obstruction of the bile-ducts, c, Budd's. 
See Budd's cirrhosis, c, cardiac, c. cordis, hyper- 
trophy of the connective tissue between the muscular 
fibers of the heart, c, cardiotuberculous, that 
accompanied by tuberculosis and symptoms of 
cardiac disease, c, Charcot's. See Hanot's disease. 
c, fatty, that in which the hepatic or other cells 
become infiltrated with fat. c, Glissonian, peri- 
hepatitis, c, Hanot's. See Hanot's disease, c. 
hepatis, interstitial hepatitis, c, hypertrophic, a 
form of cirrhosis in which the liver is permanently 
enlarged. The disease is probably infectious, and 
is characterized by an overgrowth of the connective 
tissue which has no tendency to contract, c, irri- 
tative, interstitial hepatitis due to irritation by some 
toxic substance which has been carried to the liver 
by the hepatic or portal veins, c, Laennec's. See 
Laennec's disease, c. of the lung, interstitial pneu- 
monia, c. mammae, chronic interstitial mastitis. 
c, mixed, that presenting features of both the 
atrophic and the hypertrophic form, c, multilobular, 
a form of interstitial hepatitis in which many lobules 
are surrounded by a fibrous ring, c, muscular, the 
induration of connective tissue, fatty degeneration, 
and atrophy of the muscular fibers which take place 
in muscular contracture, c, obstructive, cirrhosis 
of the liver due to the obstruction of the passage of 
blood or bile from the liver, c, periportal, atrophic 
cirrhosis, so called because the hyperplasia of the 
connective tissue _ follows the portal vessels, c, 
pigmentary diabetic, cirrhosis of the liver with pig- 
mentation of the skin, c, pulmonary, c. pulmonum, 
interstitial pneumonia, c, renal, c. renum, inter- 
stitial nephritis, c. of the spleen, chronic hyper- 
trophy and induration of the spleen, with thickening 
of the capsule, c. of the stomach, chrome interstitial 
gastritis, c, Todd's. See Todd's cirrhosis, c, 
tuberculous, cirrhosis of the liver due to tuberculosis. 
It is rare; the majority of cases have occurred in 
children, c, turbinated, defective turbinated bodies 
due to disappearance or diminishment of the erectile 
structure in cases of atrophic rhinitis, c. ventriculi. 
See c. of the stomach. 

cirrhotic (sir-ot'-ik) [cirrhosis]. Affected with, or 
relating to, cirrhosis, c. kidney, chronic interstitial 
nephritis. 

cirrus (sir'-us) [L.]. i. A lock or tuft of hair. 
2. The male genital organ of Cestodes, usually adher- 
ent to the anterior end of the cirrus-pouch, c- 
pouch, a structure made up of muscle and connective 
tissue attached to the male genital aperture of the 
Cestodes and seiving to protrude the cirrus. 

cirsaneurysma (sirs-an-u-riz'-mah). See aneurysm, 
cirsoid. 

cirsectomy (sur-sek'-to-me) [icipo-ds, varix; hirou-q, a 
cutting out]. Excision of a piece of a varicose vein. 

cirsocele (sir'-so-sel) [cirsoid; K17A77, tumor]. A 
varicose tumor, especially of the spermatic cord. 

cirsoid (sir'-soid) [/ciptros, a varix; eUos, form]. 
Resembling a varix or dilated vein. 

cirsomphalos (sir-som'-fal-os) [cirsoid; 6n<pa\os, 
navel]. A varicose condition of the navel. 

cirsophthalmia (sir-soff-thal'-me-ah) [nipabs, varix; 
6<p6a\p.6s, the eye]. 1. Ophthalmia, with an apparent 
varicose condition of the conjunctival vessels. 2. 
Corneal staphyloma, with an appearance of vari- 
cosity of the surface. 

cirsotome (sir'-so-tom) [nipabs, a varix; rop.fi, a 
cutting]. A cutting instrument for the operation 
of cirsotomy. 

cirsotomy {sir-sot' -o-me) [cirsoid; rkuveiv, to cut]. 
Excision of a varix. 

cis-. A prefix proposed by Baeyer to designate 
relative asymmetry in unsaturated carbon com- 
pounds. 

cissa (sis-ah) [L.]. See pica. 

cissampeline {sis-am' -pel-en). An alkaloid from 
pareira root, identical with beberine. 

Cissampelos (sis-am' -pel-os) [kiovos, ivy; ApireXos, 
a vine]. A genus of climbing menispermaceous 
plants. The root of C. capensis, of South America, 
is cathartic and emetic. C. pareira, of tropical 
America, false pareira brava (q. v.), is tonic and 
diuretic. 

cistern (sis' -tern) [cisterna, a vessel; receptacle]. 
1. A reservoir. 2. Any dilation of the space between 
the pia and arachnoid, c. of Pecquet, the recepta- 
culum chyli. c, seminal, the posterior culdesac of 
the vagina. Syn., receptaculum seminis. 



cisterna (sis-ier'-nah) [L.]. Same as cistern. In 
the plural, cisterna, the subarachnoid spaces, c. 
ambiens. 1. One of the pockets situated over the 
optic lobes. 2. See canal, arachnoid, c. basilis, 
that part of the anterior subarachnoid space holding 
the circle of Willis; it is divided by the chiasm into 
two parts, the cisterna anterior and the cisterna 
inferior, c. cerebellaris, c. cerebellomedullaris, 
cerebellomedullary cistern, or cisterna magna; see 
postcisterna. c. chiasmatis, the interpeduncular 
space, c. chyli, see receptaculum chyli. c. corporis 
callosi, the third ventricle, c. fossae lateralis cerebri, 
c. fossae Sylvii, cistern of the lateral fossa of the 
cerebrum; see c. Sylviana. c. intercruralis, c. inter- 
peduncularis, the anterior subarachnoid space at the 
base of the brain, c. intercruralis profunda, that 
part of the subarachnoid space lying directly above 
the space _ included between the crura cerebri, c. 
intercruralis superficialis, that part of the subarach- 
noid space included between the pons and the chiasm. 
c. lateralis pontis, a small space extending along the 
outer edge of the pons. c. lumbaris, see receptaculum 
chyli. c. magna. 1. A large cisterna where the 
arachnoid spreads across from the caudad border of 
the cerebellum to the oblongata. 2. The fourth 
ventricle, c. perilymphatica, in the ear, a large space 
adjacent to the foot-plate of the stapes, c. pontis, 
the anterior subarachnoid space, cisternae sub- 
arachnoid ealae, the subarachnoid spaces, c, su- 
perior, that included in the angle between the 
splenium, the superior surface of the cerebellum, and 
the posterior aspect of the quadrigeminum. c. 
Sylviana, the part of the subarachnoid space lying 
immediately above the Sylvian fissure. Syn., 
c. fossce lateralis cerebri, c. venae magnae cerebri, 
see canal, arachnoid. 

Cistus (sis'-tus) [k'mttos, the rock-rose]. A genus 
of plants of the order Cistacece, growing in the old 
world. C. areticus, C. cyprius, C. ladaniferus, and 
C. ledon, afford the resinous substance labdanum, or 
ladanum. 

citarin (sit'-ar-in). Trade name of sodium anhy- 
dromethylenecitrate. Used in the treatment of gout. 

citral (sit'-ral) [citrus, a lemon]. CioHieO. An 
aldehyde found in oil of lemon and many of the 
essential oils; a golden-yellow liquid giving aroma and 
value to oil of lemon. 

citrate (sit' -rat) [citric acid]. Any salt of citric 
acid. 

citric (sit'-rik) [citrus]. Pertaining to or derived 
from lemons or citrons, c. acid. See acid, citric. 

citrine (sit'-ren) [citrus]. Yellow; of a lemon- 
color, c. ointment (unguentum hydrargyri nitratis, 
U. S- P-). a preparation consisting of mercury dis- 
solved in nitric acid and mixed with some fatty 
substance. It is made by adding 7 parts of nitric 
acid to 76 parts of warmed lard oil, and then mixing 
it with 7 parts of mercury dissolved in 10 parts of 
nitric acid. 

citrocoll (sit'-ro-kol). Phenocoll citrate: used as an 
antipyretic and antineuralgic. 

citrol (sit'-rol). Itrol citrate, a silver preparation 
used in gonorrhea. 

citronella (sit-ron-el'-ah) [dim. of Klrpov, the 
citron-tree]. A fragrant grass, c. oil, the essential 
oil of various grasses, mostly of the genus andropogon; 
used chiefly as a perfume, and as a protection against 
insects; antirheumatic. 

citronellol (sit-ron-el'-oT), CioHisO. A body iso- 
meric with borneol, obtained from oil of citronella. 

citrophen (sit' -ro-fen) , C3H4OH -CONH -OC2- 
H5C6H4. Paraphenetidin citrate. It is antipyretic 
and antineuralgic. Dose 3-15 SX- (0.2-1.0 Gm.). 

citrospirine (sit-ro-spi'-ren). A compound of 
acetyl-salicylic acid and citrated caffeine. 

citrullin (sit-rul'-in). A resinoid from Citrullus 
colocynthis. It is a cathartic extensively used in 
veterinary practice. Syn., amorphous colocynihidin; 
colocyyithidin. 

citrullus (sit-ruV -lus) [L.]. A genus of the Cucur- 
bitacece, comprising but two species, indigenous to 
tropical Asia and southern Africa. C. colocynthis, 
the bitter cucumber or gourd, furnishes colocynth. 

citrurea (sit-ru'-re-ah). A combination of citric 
acid, urea, and lithium. 

Citrus (sit'-rus) [L.]. A genus of aurantiaceous 
trees. See auranlium, bergamot, lime, limo. 

cittosis (sit-to' -sis) [kitto., Ktaaa, pica]. Pica; 
a longing for strange or improper food. 

civet (siv'-et). A semi-liquid, unctuous secretion 



CIVININI'S SPINE 



230 



CLAVICULA 



from the anal glands of Viverra civetta, V. zibetha, 
and V. rasse, carnivorous old-world animals, them- 
selves called civets. It is now used as a perfume; 
formerly as an antispasmodic and stimulant, like 
musk. 

Civinini's spine. A small spine on the outer 
border of the external pterygoid plate, giving attach- 
ment to the pterygospinous ligament. 

CI. Chemical symbol for chlorine. 

cl. Abbreviation for centiliter. 

cladode (klad'-od) [kXoSos, a branch; eI5os, form]. 
In biology, branch-like. 

Cladonia (klad-o'-ne-ah) [kXoSos, a branch]. A 
genus of lichens. C. rangiferina, the reindeer-moss; 
a lichen that grows extensively in Asia, Europe and 
N. America. It is used as a food in famine-sea- 
sons, and is locally distilled, affording an alcoholic 
spirit. 

cladosporium cancerogenes (klad-o-spo'-re-um kan- 
ser-oj'-en-ez). A fungus said to be the cause of 
carcinoma. Syn., cancer omyces. 

Cladothrix (klad'-o-thriks) [nXados, branch; dpL%, 
a hair]. A genus of Schizomycetes having long, 
apparently branching filaments. 

clairaudience (kldr-aw' -de-ens) [Ft. clair, clear; 
audience, hearing]. The alleged telepathic hearing 
of sounds uttered at a great distance. 

clairvoyance (kldr-voi'-ans) [Ft. clair, clear; voir, 
to see]. The alleged ability (in certain states), to 
see things not normally visible; the pretended ability 
to see the internal organs of a patient, and thus 
diagnosticate his ailments. 

clamp (klamp) [Ger., Klampe]. An instrument 
for compressing the parts in surgical operations to 
prevent hemorrhage, etc. 

clang (klang). A sharp metallic sound; a hoarse 
voice, c.-deafness, a defect of hearing in which 
sounds are heard, but their more delicate qualities 
are not perceived, c.-tint, the timbre, or delicate 
shading of a tone. See timbre. 

clap (klap) . Gonorrhea, c.-threads, slimy threads 
consisting of mucus and pus-cells in the urine of 
gonorrheal patients. 

clapotage, clapotement (klap-ot-ahzh' ', klap-ot- 
mon(g)') [Ft.]. The splashing sound of a liquid in 
succussion. 

Clapton's line. Greenish discoloration of the gums 
and teeth, especially the incisors, in chronic copper- 
poisoning. 

claquement (klahk'-mon(g)) [Ft., clapping, slap- 
ping], i. In massage, percussion with the flat of 
the hand. 2. The clack or flapping sound caused 
by sudden closure of the heart-valves. 

claret (klar'-et) [clams, clear]. A light wine of a 
red color. 

clarificant (klar'-if-ik-ant) [clarus, clear; facer e, to 
make]. A substance used for the purpose of clearing 
solutions turbid from insoluble matter. 

clarification (klar-if-ik-a'-shun) [clarus, clear; 
facere, to make]. The operation of removing the 
turbidity of a liquid or naturally transparent sub- 
stance. It may be accomplished by allowing the 
suspended matter to subside, by the addition of a 
clarificant or substance that precipitates suspended 
matters, or by moderate heating. 

clarify (klar'-if-i) [clarus; facere, to make]. To 
free a liquid or solution from insoluble substances; 
to make clear. 

clarifying (klar-if-i'-ing) [clarus, clear; facere, to 
make]. Clearing; purifying, c. reagent, any prepara- 
tion used for purifying microscopical and anatomical 
preparations that have been mounted in gummy 
media. Oil of cloves, turpentine, creosote, xylol, 
and oil of bergamot are the chief. 

Clark's sign [Alonzo Clark, American physician, 
1807-1887]. A tympanitic sound over the hepatic 
region in tympanites due to perforative peritoneal 
inflammation. 

Clarke's corroding ulcer. [Sir Charles Mansfield 
Clarke, English physician, 1782-1857]- Progressive 
ulcer of the cervix uteri. C.'s tongue, the hard, 
fissured, and nodular tongue of syphilitic glossitis 
sclerosa. 

Clarke's vesicular column [Jacob Augustus Lock- 
hart Clarke, English physician, 1817-1880J. A 
column of gray substance occupying the region to 
the outer and posterior side of the central canal of 
the spinal cord, at the inner part of the base of the 
posterior cornu, it contains fusiform cells, and is the 
trophic center for the direct cerebellar tract. 



clasmacytosis (klas-mah-si-to'-sis). Same as clas- 
matocytosis. 

clasmatocyte (Jzlas-mat'-o-sit) [kX&<taki, fragment; 
kOtos, cell]. A form of very large connective-tissue 
corpuscles that tend to break up into granules or 
pieces. 

clasmatocytosis (klas-mat-o-si-to'-sis) [kX&o-mo, frag- 
ment; kvtos, a cell]. The breaking up of clasmato- 
cytes, and the formation of islands of granules from 
their debris. 

clasmatosis (Jdas-mat-o'-sis). See clasmatocytosis. 

clasp (klasp) [ME., claspen, to grasp firmly], 
c.-knife rigidity, a spastic condition of a limb, as a 
result of which extension is completed with a "spring," 
as in a knife-blade. It is met in the cerebral palsies 
of children. 

classification (klas-if-ik-a'-shun) [classis, a class; 
facere, to make]. An orderly arrangement of names, 
objects, diseases, etc., according to their properties 
and peculiarities. 

clastic (klas'-lik) [kXchttos, broken]. Breaking up 
into fragments; causing division. 

clastothrix (klas'-to-thriks). Synonym of Trichor- 
rhexis nodosa. 

Clathrocystis (klath-ro-sis'-tis) [*Xij0pa, a trellis; 
kxxttis, pouch]. A genus of microorganisms with 
round or oval cells, forming zooglea? in the form of 
circular layers. 

claudication {klaw-dik-a'-shun) [claudicare, to 
limp]. 1. Lameness. 2. An obstruction, c, Char- 
cot's intermittent, c, intermittent, intermittent 
paresthesia of the legs attended with pain, tremor, 
and excessive' perspiration due to arteriosclerosis; 
a condition first noted by French writers in appar- 
ently healthy horses and afterward observed in man. 
Syn., angina cruris; angiosclerotic paroxysmal myas- 
thenia; intermittent lameness; intermittent limping. 
c, spontaneous, the lameness that occurs as an 
early symptom of coxarthrocace in children. 

Claudius' cells [Friedrich Matthias Claudius, 
German anatomist, 1822-1869]. Polyhedral or 
conoidal cells lining the outer angle of the scala media 
of the cochlea. C.'s fossa, the ovarian fossa, a tri- 
angular space containing the ovary; it is bounded 
anteriorly by the round ligament, above by the 
external iliac vein, and below by the ureter. 

claustral (klaws'-tral). Pertaining to the claus- 
trum. 

claustrophilia (klaws-tro-fil'-e-ah) [claustrum; <f».\eiv, 
to love], A morbid dread of open places; it is noted 
in neurasthenia. 

claustrophobia {klaws-tro-fo'-be-ah) [claustrum; <f>6- 
/Sos, fear]. Morbid distress at being in a room or 
confined space. 

claustrum (klaws'-trum) [claudere, to shut; pi., 
claustra]. A barrier; applied to several apertures 
that may be closed against entrance. Also, a layer 
of cinerea (gray nervous matter) between the insula 
and the lenticula. c. gutturis, the opening of the 
pharynx, c. oris, see velum palati. c. virginale, 
c. virginitatis, the hymen. 

clausura (klaw-su'-rah) [L.]. Closure; atresia; 
as of a passage, c. tubalis, closure of a Fallopian 
tube. c. uteri, an imperforate state of the uterine 
cervix. 

clava (kla'-vah) [L., "a club"]. An enlargement 
of the funiculus gracilis. 

clavate (klav'-dt) [clava]. Club-shaped or becoming 
gradually thicker toward one end. c. nucleus, a 
collection of nerve cells within the clava. 

clavation (klav-a'-shun) [clavatio; clavus, a nail]. 
Same as gomphosis. 

clavelization (klav-el-iz-a'-shun) [Ft., clavellee, 
sheep-pox]. Inoculation with sheep-pox virus; 
ovination. 

claven, or claviculen (kla'-ven, kla-vik'-u-len) 
[clavis, clavicle]. Belonging to the clavicle in itself. 

Claviceps (klav'-is-eps) [clava; caput, head]. A 
genus of fungi. C. purpurea, the fungus producing 
the ergot of rye. 

clavicle (klav'-ik-l) [clavicula; clavus, a key]. The 
collar-bone, c.-crutch, Cole's device for supporting 
a broken clavicle; it is so furnished with pads and 
adjustments as to render bandaging unnecessary. 

clavicotomy (klav-ik-ot'-o-me) [clavicle; tow, a 
cutting]. Surgical section of the clavicle. 

clavicula (klav-ik'-u-lah). The clavicle, c. capitis, 
the projection formed by the pterygoid and ento- 
pterygoid bones on the pleurapophysis of the hemal 
arch of the nasal vertebra. 



CLAVICULAR 



231 



CLINICIAN 



clavicular (kla-vik'-u-lar) [clavicle]. Relating to 
the clavicle. 

claviculate (klav-ik'-u-lat). i. Having a clavicle. 
2. Wrinkled; corrugated. 

claviculus (kla-vik'-u-lus) [dim. of clavus, a nail; 
pi., claviculi]. One of Sharpey's fibers, q. v. 

clavifonn (klav'-e-form). See clavate. 

clavin (kla'-vin), C11H12N2O4. One of the active 
principles of ergot; it is said to be nontoxic. 

clavipes (klav'-e-pez) [clava; pes, a foot]. Having 
club-shaped feet. 

clavis uteri (Jkla'-vis u'-ter-i). Womb-key; an 
electrotherapeutic intrauterine device, designed for 
the application of electricity in certain pathological 
conditions of the uterus and adnexa. 

clavus Qzla'-vus) [L., "a nail; a wart; a corn"]. 
Corn; a hyperplasia of the horny layer of the epi- 
dermis, in which there is an ingrowth as well as an 
outgrowth of horny substance, forming circumscribed 
epidermal thickenings, chiefly about the toes. 
c. hystericus, a pain in the head, as if a nail were 
being driven in. 

claw-foot. A form of talipes due to depression of 
the heads of the metatarsal bones, with forced 
extension of the first phalanges and flexion of the 
last; it is a result of paralysis of the interossei and 
lumbricales muscles and of those inserted into the 
sesamoid bone of the great toe. 

claw-hand. A condition of the hand characterized 
by overextension of the first phalanges and extreme 
flexion of the others. The condition is a result of 
atrophy of the interosseous muscles, with contraction 
of the tendons of the common extensor and long 
flexor. Syn., main-en-griff e. 

clean, cleaning (klen, klen-ing). A word used in 
practical anatomy to denote the complete removal 
(during the process of dissection) of the fat or con- 
nective tissue, from the surface of any structure. 

cleansings (klen'-zingz). The lochia. 

clearing agent. A substance used in microscopy to 
render tissues transparent and suitable for mounting. 

cleavage (kle'-vaf) [AS., cleofan, to split asunder]. 
1. The linear clefts in the skin indicating the general 
direction of the fibers. They govern to a certain 
extent the arrangement of the lesions in skin diseases. 
The lines of cleavage run, for the most part, obliquely 
to the axis of the trunk, sloping from the spine down- 
ward and forward; in the limbs they are mostly 
transverse to their longitudinal axis. 2. A mode of 
cell-division, c, egg-. See segmentation, c.-nu- 
cleus, the nucleus which in the fertilized egg results 
from the union of the male and female nuclei. 

Cleemann's sign, C.'s test. In fracture of the 
femur with shortening there is a wrinkle above the 
ligamentum patellae, which disappears when the 
shortening is corrected by extension. 

cleft (kleft). Divided. A fissure, c, branchial. 
See c, visceral, c, genital, a depression in the genital 
region of the embryo from which the cloaca is 
developed, c.-hand, a congenital deformity in which 
some finger or fingers are widely separated from the 
others, c. palate, a congenital fissure of the palate. 
c. sternum, congenital fissure of the sternum, c, 
visceral, the four slit-like openings on each side in 
the cervical region in the fetus, sometimes called the 
branchial openings. The slits close (in the human 
fetus) , except the upper, from which are developed the 
auditory meatus, tympanic cavity, and Eustachian 
,tube. 

cleidagra, cleisagra {kli-dag'-rah, kli-sag'-rah) 
[/cXeis, clavicle; ay pa, seizure]. Gouty pain in the 
clavicle. 

cleidal (kli'-dal) [«X«'s, clavicle]. Relating to the 
clavicle; clavicular. 

cleidarthritis (kli-dar-thri'-tis) [kXcw, clavicle; 
arthritis]. Inflammation of the sternoclavicular 
articulation. 

cleido- (kli-do-) [/cXefe, clavicle]. A prefix meaning 
pertaining to the clavicle. 

cleidocostal (kli-do-kos'-tal). Pertaining to the 
ribs and the clavicle. 

cleidohyoid (kli-do-hi'-oid). Relating to the clavi- 
cle and the hyoid. 

cleidomastoid {kW -do-mas' -toid). Pertaining to 
the clavicle and to the mastoid process. 

cleido-occipital (kli-do-ok-sip'-it-al). Relating to 
the clavicle and occiput, c. muscle. See under 
muscle. 

cleidoscapular {kli-do-skap' '-u-lar) . Relating to 
the clavicle and the scapula. 



cleidosternal (kli-do-stur'-nal). Sternoclavicular. 

cleidotomy (kli-dot'-o-me) [cleido-; renvew, to cut]. 
The operation of dividing the clavicles in cases of 
difficult labor due to the broad shoulders of the child. 

cleidotripsy (kli-do-trip'-se). The operative crush- 
ing of the clavicle. 

clematine (klem'-at-in) . An alkaloid from Clematis 
vitalba. 

Clematis iklem'-ai-is). A genus of ranunculaceous 
plants of many species, most of which are acrid or 
poisonous. C. corymbosa is powerfully irritant and 
resistant. C. crispa and C. erecta are diuretic and 
diaphoretic, and are said to be antisyphilitic. C. 
viorna, C. virginica, and C. vitalba are similar in 
properties to C. erecta. 

Clemens' solution (klem'-enz). Liquor potassii 
arsenatis et bromidi. 

cleptomania (klep-to-ma'-ne-ah). See kleptomania. 

cleptophobia (klep-to-fo'-be-ah). See kleptophobia. 

clergyman's sore throat. A chronic hypertrophic 
form of pharyngitis, with more or less enlargement 
of the tonsils and lymph-follicles of the posterior 
wall, due to excessive or improper use of the voice. 

Clerodendron (kler-o-den'-dron) [tcXijpos, a lot; 
bkvbpov, tree]. A genus of tropical shrubs and trees 
of the order Verbenacece. C. infortunatum is a species 
indigenous to India and Malaya; it is used as a 
substitute for chirata; the juice of the leaves is a 
tonic, febrifuge, and vermifuge. C. nereifolium is a 
species found in Malaya; the root and leaves are 
antisyphilitic, tonic, and vulnerary; the root and 
fruit are used to stupefy fish. C. serratum is indige- 
nous to India; the root is tonic and stomachic; the 
fruit, purgative and diuretic. The leaves and an 
insect larva found on the branches of C. trichotomum 
are used as an ascaricide. C. villosum is a species 
indigenous to Malaya; the root is stomachic, the sap 
vermifugal. 

Clevenger's fissure (klev'-en-jer). The inferior 
occipital fissure; a small fissure between the second 
and third occipital convolutions. 

clicking sounds (klik'-ing soundz). Peculiar sharp 
sounds heard in auscultating the apex of a tuber- 
culous lung. They indicate the commencement of 
softening in a tuberculous deposit. See rale. 

clidagra. See cleidagra. 

clidarthritis. 1. See cleidagra. 2. See cleidarthritis. 

clidocostal. See cleidocostal. 

clidotomy. See cleidotomy. 

clidotripsy. See cleidotripsy. ( 

climacter (kli-mak'-tur). See climacteric. 

climacteric (kli-mak'-ter-ik) [KXifiajcrrip, the round 
of a ladder]. A period of life at which the system was 
believed to undergo marked changes. These periods 
were thought to occur every seven years. The 
word is now generally applied to the menopause. 
c. age, puberty; also in women the time of cessation 
of the catamenia. c. epoch. Same as c. age. c, 
grand, the sixty-third year. 

climate (kli'-mat) [icXina, a region, or zone, of the 
earth]. The sum of those conditions in any region 
or country that relate to the air, the temperature, 
moisture, sunshine, winds, etc., especially in so far 
as they concern the health or comfort of mankind. 

climatic (kli-mat'-ik) [icXina, a region or zone of 
the earth]. Pertaining to climate. 

climatology (kli-mat-ol'-o-je) [kXi^ci, climate; Xoyos, 
science]. The science of climate. 

clirnatotherapy (kli-mat-o-ther'-a-pe) [*cXt/ia, clime; 
eepaweia, a waiting on]. The employment of cli- 
matic measures in the treatment of disease. 

climax (kli'-maks) [kX?juci£, ladder]. The acme, or 
height of a disease; the period of greatest intensity. 

clinic (klin'-ik) [kXiVij, a bed]. 1. Medical instruc- 
tion given at the bedside, or in the presence of the 
patient whose symptoms are studied and whose 
treatment is considered. 2. A place where such 
instruction is given. 3. A gathering of instructors, 
students, and patients for the study and treatment 
of disease. 

clinical (klin'-ik-al) [clinic]. 1. Relating to bed- 
side treatment or to a clinic. 2. Pertaining to the 
symptoms and course of a disease as observed by the 
physician, in opposition to the anatomical changes 
found by the pathologist, c. thermometer. See 
thermometer. 

clinician {klin-ish'-an) [clinic]. A physician whose 
opinions, teachings, and treatment are based upon 
experience at the bedside; a clinical instructor; one 
who practises medicine. 



CLINICIST 



232 



CLYSMIC 



clinicist (klin'-is-ist) [clinic]. A clinician, 
clinicopathology {klin-ik-o-path-ol'-o-je) [clinic; pa- 
thology]. Pathological conditions as open to clinical 
observation. 

clino- (klin-o-) [kXIvclv, to incline]. A prefix 
denoting inclination or declination. 

clinocephalia (klin-o-sef-a'-le-ah) [clino-; K.e<t>ahi), 
head]. Abnormal flatness of the top of the head. 

clinocephalous (klin-o-sef'-al-us) [clino-; ice<pd\r), 
head]. Having the top of the head abnormally flat. 
clinocephalus {klin-o-sef'-al-us) [clino-; Ke<t>a\ri, 
the head]. A variety of dolichocephalus occurring 
through synostosis of the sphenoparietal suture and 
resulting in a saddle-formed depression of the skull. 
Syn., saddle-head. 

clinodactylous (klin-o-dak'-til-us) [clino-; SoktvXos, 
finger]. Pertaining to an abnormal flexure, devi- 
ation or curvature of the fingers or toes. 

clinodiagonal (klin-o-di-ag'-on-al) [clino-; diagonal]. 
Inclined and diagonal; obliquely transverse. 

clinoid (klin'-oid) [sKlvq, a bed; eldos, likeness]. 
Resembling a bed; applied to sundry bony structures 
of the body, as the clinoid processes, c. processes. 
See under process. 

clinology (klin-ol -o-je) [clino-; Xoyos, science]. 
I. The science of the decline of animal life after it 
has reached the meridian. 2. [kKIvij, a bed]. The 
study of beds for the sick. 

clinometer (klin-om'-et-er) [clino-; \ikrpov, a 
measure]. An apparatus to estimate the rotational 
capacity of the ocular muscles, c, Duane's. See 
Duane's test. 

clinoscope {klin'-o-skop) [clino-; vicoireiv, to view]. 
An instrument for measuring the torsion of the 
eyes when gazing at a fixed object with the axes of 
vision presumably parallel. 

clinostat (klin'-o-stat) [clino-; ffraros, placed]. 
An apparatus for regulating the exposure of plants 
to the sunlight. 

clinotechny (klin-o'-tek-ne) [kkliy, a bed; rexvv, an 

art]. The art of making and preparing beds for the sick. 

cliseometer (Mis-e-om'-et-er) [kXio-is, inclination; 

ixerpov, a measure]. An instrument for measuring 

the degree of inclination of the pelvic axis. 

clition (klit'-e-on) [kXitvs, a slope]. A cranio- 
metric point located in the middle of the anterior 
border of the clivus ossis. 

clitoralgia (klit-or-al'-je-ah) [clitoris; &X70S, pain]. 
Pain referred to the clitoris. 

clitoridauxe (klit-or-id-awk'-se) [clitoris; abb, 
increase]. Hypertrophy of the clitoris. 

clitoridectomy (klit-or-id-ek'-to-me) [clitoris; wtom, 
excision]. Excision of the clitoris. 

clitoris (klit'-or-is) OXeiropfe, clitoris]. The 
homologue in the female of the penis, attached to the 
ischiopubic rami by two crura or branches, which 
meet in front of the pubic joint to form the body, of 
corpus. It possesses erectility. c. crises, paroxysms 
of sexual excitement in women suffering from tabes. 
clitorism (klit'-or-izm). 1. Enlargement or hyper- 
trophy of the clitoris. 2. Tribadism. 

clitoritis (klit-or-i'-tis) [clitoris; w«; inflammation]. 
Inflammation of the clitoris. 

clitorotomy (klit-or-ot'-o-me). Incision of the 
clitoris. 

clitorrhagia (klit-or-a'-je-ah) [clitoris; fayvvvai, to 
burst forth]. Hemorrhage from the clitoris. 
clivis (kli'-vis). Same as declivis cerebelli. 
clivus (kli'-vus) [L., "a slope"]. A slope, c. ossis, 
c. of Blumenbach, the slanting surface of the body 
of the sphenoid bone between the sella turcica and 
the basilar process of the occipital bone. c. monti- 
culi. Same as declivis cerebelli. 

cloaca (klo-a'-kah) [L., "a sewer"]. 1. In early 
fetal life, the common orifice of the intestine and 
the allantois. 2. A fistulous tract in bone dis- 
charging pus from a sequestrum. 3. A common 
outlet to the rectum and the bladder, c, congenital, 
a malformation in which the rectum opens into the 
genitourinary tract, c, urogenital, an abnormal 
common opening of the urethra and vagina due to a 
defective urethrovaginal septum, c, vesicorecto- 
vaginal, a common aperture of the bladder, rectum, 
and vagina, due to deformity or trauma. 

cloacal (klo-a'-kal) [cloaca, a sewer]. Pertaining 
to or serving as a cloaca. 

clonic (klon'-ik) [clonus]. Applied to convulsive 
and spasmodic conditions of muscles characterized 
by alternate contractions and relaxations. 

clonicity (klon-is'-it-e). The state of being clonic. 



clonism, clonismus {klo'-nizm, klo-niz'-mus) [clo- 
nus], A clonic spasm or a succession of clonic spasms ; 
clonospasm. 

clonograph (klon'-o-graf) [clonus; ypafeiv, to 
write]. An apparatus for recording the spasmodic 
movements of the head, extremities, lower jaw, and 
trunk, as well as the tendon-reflexes. 

clonospasm (klon'-o-spazm) [k\6i>os, commotion; 
ciraanos, a spasm]. A clonic spasm. 

clonus (klo'-nus) [k\6i>os, commotion]. A series 
of movements characterized by alternate contractions 
and relaxations; a clonic spasm. Involuntary, reflex, 
irregular contractions of muscles when put suddenly 
upon the stretch. According to the part affected, 
the phenomenon is spoken of as ankle-, foot-, rectus-, 
or wrist-clonus, etc. See under reflex. 

Cloquet's canal (klo-ka') [Hippolyte Cloquet, 
French surgeon, 1787-1840; Jules Germain Cloquet, 
French surgeon, 1790-1883]. The hyaloid canal; 
an irregular canal running anteroposterior^ through 
the center of the vitreous body and transmitting the 
hyaloid artery during fetal ^ life. C.'s fascia, the 
crural septum. C.'s ganglion, the nasopalatine 
ganglion. C.'s hernia, subpubic hernia; a femoral 
hernia passing behind and internally to the femoral 
vessels and resting on the pectineus muscle. C.'s 
ligament. See Hatter's habenula, 

clostridial (klos-trid'-e-al) [kKohtt-op, a spindle]. 
Pertaining to,- or caused by Clostridium. 

Clostridium {klos-trid'-e-um) [kXoxtttip, a spindle]. 
A genus of bacteria differing from bacilli in the 
fact that their spores are formed in an enlarged part 
of the cell. 

closure (klo'-zhur) [clausura, a closing]. The act 
of completing or closing an electric circuit. 

clot (klot) [AS., elate, a bur]. A peculiar solidi- 
fication of the blood, such as takes place when it is 
shed. 

clotbur {klot' -bur). The leaves of Xanthium 
strumarium, much used as a domestic remedy for 
bites of poisonous insects and venomous serpents. 
Also an active styptic. Dose of the fluidextract 
5 j-ij- 

clottage (klot'-aj). The blocking up of a canal 
(as a ureter) with a blood-clot. 

cloudy swelling. Parenchymatous degeneration; 
a swelling-up of the elements of a tissue, with the 
formation in them of fine granules due to the change 
of soluble albuminates into insoluble. 

clove (klov). See Caryophyllus. c.-hitch knot, a 
form of double knot in which two successive loops 
are made close to each other on the same piece of 
cord or bandage, a half-twist being given to the 
junction of each loop at the time of making it. 

clownism (klown'-izm). That stage of hysteroepi- 
lepsy in which there is an emotional display with a 
remarkable series of contortions. 

clubbed fingers. Knobbed deformity of the 
finger-tips, with curvature of the nails over the 
finger-ends; seen in some cases of pulmonary and 
cardiac disease. 

club-foot. See talipes, c, heel, talipes cal- 
caneus, c, inward, talipes varus, c, outward, 
talipes valgus. 

club-hand. A deformity of the hand similar to 
that of club-foot. 

club-moss (klub'-mos). See Lycopodium. 
clumping (klump'-ing). See agglutination (2). 
c. serum. See under serum. 

clunes (klu'-nez) [pi. of clunis, buttock]. The 
buttocks, nates. 

clupein (klu'-pe-in) [clupea, a kind of small river- 
fish], C30H57N17O6 +4H2O. A protamine from the 
herring. Syn., salmin. 

Clusia (klu'-se-ah) [Charles de VEscluse (1526- 
1609)]. A genus of plants of the order Guttiferce, 
many species of which yield a gum-resin called West 
Indian balsam. C. flava, of the West Indies, yields 
the milky sap used as a substitute for copaiba. C. 
insignis, of Brazil, yields a milky sap used as a salve. 
C. hiliariana, of the West Indies and South America, 
yields a gum used as a drastic and vulnerary; the 
fruit is edible and the astringent bark is employed 
in diarrhea. 

clysis (kW-sis) [/cXufew, to cleanse]. The adminis- 
tration of an enema; the cleansing by means of an 
enema. 

clysma (kliz'-mah). See clyster. 
clysmic (kliz'-mik). Relating to an enema; suit- 
able for cleansing or washing. 



CLYSTER 



233 



COCAINE 



clyster (klis'-ter) [k\v<tttip, an injection]. An 
enema. See alimentation, rectal, c, meat-bouillon- 
wine- (Fleiner): 80 Gm. of beef -tea and 40 Gm. of 
mild white wine. Inject 2 or 3 times a day at body- 
heat, c, meat-pancreas- (Leube): 150 Gm. good 
beef scraped and chopped fine; 80 Gm. fresh pancreas 
(cow or hog) free from fat; mix with 150 Gm. luke- 
warm water; inject from 50 to 100 Gm. at a time, by 
means of a simple funnel, and at blood-heat, c, 
nutritive (Boas) : warm 250 Gm. of milk, stir in 2 egg- 
yolks, 1 teaspoonful of common salt, and 1 table- 
spoonful of wheat-starch, and afterward add 1 table- 
spoonful of red wine. If the mucous membrane is 
easily irritated, 4 or 5 drops of tincture of opium 
may be added, c, nutritive (Ewald): wheaten 
starch, § teaspoonful, is boiled with a cup (100 Gm.) 
of a 20 % solution of grape-sugar, and 1 wineglass 
(150 Gm.) of red wine added. Then the solution is 
cooled to 35° C. and 2 or 3 eggs beaten smooth 
with 1 teaspoonful of cold water and a little salt are 
stirred in slowly. Inject at blood-heat, c, nutritive 
(Jaccoud): bouillon, 250 Gm.; wine, 120 Gm.; yolks 
of 2 eggs; and peptone, 5 to 20 Gm. c, nutritive 
(Rosenheim): peptone, 4 to 8 Gm.; 2 eggs; glucose, 
15 Gm., and sometimes, if desired, emulsions of 
cod-liver oil. 

clysterize (klis'-ter-lz). To administer a clyster. 

CM. An abbreviation for Chirurgice Magister, 
Master of Surgery. 

Cm. Abbreviation of centimeter. 

cm. Abbreviation of centimeter. 

CN. 1. Abbreviation for cyanogen. 2. Trade 
name of a disinfectant. 

cnemial (ne'-me-al) [k^mi. the leg]. Relating to 
the tibia or leg; crural. 

cnemis (ne'-mis) [icv-fiM, the leg]. The tibia or 
shin-bine. 

cnemitis (ne-mi'-tis) [w^MTf, shin; ins, inflamma- 
tion]. Inflammation of the tibia. 

cnemoscoliosis (ne-mo-sko-le-o'-sis) [kv^ihv, the 
leg; (tkoXios, curved]. Lateral curvature of the legs. 

cnicin (nl'-sin) [wfjicos, a plant of the thistle kind], 
C42H55O15. A crystalline bitter substance found in 
Cnicus benedictus. Blessed thistle. 

cnidosis (ni-do'-sis) [Kvlh-q, nettle]. Urtication; 
nettle-rash. 

Co. Chemical symbol of cobalt. 

coagulable (ko-ag'-u-la-bl) . Capable of coagulation. 

coagulant (ko-ag'-ii-lani) [coagulate, to curdle]. 

1. Causing the formation of a clot or coagulum. 

2. A coagulating agent. 

coagulated (ko-ag'-u-la-ted) [coagulare, to curdle]. 
Clotted; curdle, c. proteids, a class of proteids 
produced by heating solutions of egg-albumin or 
serum-albumin up to 70 C. or higher. At the body- 
temperature they are readily converted into pep- 
tones by the action of the gastric juice in an acid 
medium, or of pancreatic juice in an alkaline medium. 

coagulation {ko-ag-u-la' -shun) [coagulum]. The 
formation of a coagulum or clot, as in blood or in 
milk. c. necrosis, a peculiar metamorphosis by 
which cells lose their nuclei and change their chemical 
composition. 

coagulative (ko-ag'-u-la-tiv) [coagulum]. Causing 
or favoring or marked by coagulation, c. necrosis. 
See necrosis, coagulative. 

coagulin (ko-ag'-u-lin) [coagulum]. 1. A sub- 
stance endowed with capacity to precipitate certain 
albuminous bodies contained in the culture-fluid 
injected into an inoculated animal. 2. A proprietary 
preparation used to check hemorrhage. 

coagulometer {ko-ag-u-lom'-et-er) [coagulum; iikrpov, 
a measure]. An apparatus for the determination of 
the rapidity of coagulation of the blood, c, Wright's, 
a cylinder surrounded by pockets for thermometer 
and coagulation-tubes. 

coagulose (ko-ag' -it-Ids). Trade name of a blood 
coagulant obtained by precipitating horse serum. 

coagulum (ko-ag'-u-lum) [coagulare, to curdle]. 
A clot. The mass of fibrin, inclosing red and color- 
less corpuscles and serum, that forms from the 
blood after the latter has been drawn from the body. 
Also, the curd of milk and the insoluble form of 
albumin. 

Coakley's operation (kok'-le) [Cornelius Godfrey 
Coakley, American laryngologist, 1862- ]. For 
disease of frontal sinus: the anterior wall of the 
sinus is removed and the sinus is curetted; the nasal 
duct is also curetted with a view to procuring its ob- 
literation. 



coalescence (ko-al-es'-ens) [coalescere, to grow 
together]. The union of two or more parts or things 
previously separate. 

coalescent (ko-al-es'-ent). In a condition of 
coalescence. 

coalitus (ko-al'-it-us) [L.]. Coalescent; coales- 
cence, c. artuum, adhesion of limbs to each other. 
See ankylomele. 

coal-tar (kol'-tar). A by-product in the manu- 
facture of illuminating gas; it is a black, viscid fluid, 
of a characteristic and disagreeable odor. The 
specific gravity ranges from 1.10 to 1.20. Its com- 
position is extremely complex, and its principal 
constituents are separated, one from the other, by- 
means of fractional distillation. Among the princi- 
pal products manufactured from coal-tar are anthra- 
cene, benzol, naphtha, creosote, phenol, pitch, etc. 
From the basic oil of coal-tar are manufactured the 
anilin or coal-tar colors or dyes. 

coaptation (ko-ap-ta'-shun) [con, together; aptare, 
to fit]. The proper union or adjustment of the ends 
of a fractured bone, the lips of a wound, etc. 

coarctate (ko-ark'-tat) [coarctare, to press together]. 
Crowded together, c. retina, a funnel-shaped retina. 

coarctation (ko-ark-ta'-shun) [coarctate]. A com- 
pression of the walls of a vessel or canal, narrowing 
or closing the lumen; reduction of the normal or 
previous volume, as of the pulse; shriveling and 
consequent detachment, as of the retina. A stricture. 

coarctotomy (ko-ark-tot'-o-me) [coarctatus, con- 
stricted; rky.veiv, to cut]. The cutting of a stricture. 

coarse (kors). Not fine: f gross, c. adjustment. 
See adjustment, coarse, c. features of disease, macro- 
scopic organic lesions, such as swelling, hemorrhage, 
etc. 

coarticulation (ko-ar-tik-u-la'-shun) [con, together; 
articulare, to join, articulate]. A synarthrosis. 

coat (kot) [cottus, a tunic]. A cover or membrane 
covering a part or substance, c, buffy, the upper 
fibrinous layer of the clot of coagulated blood, 
characterized by its pale color, due to absence of 
red corpuscles, c, internal elastic. See Henle's 
fenestrated membrane, c, internal fibrous. See c, 
subepithelial, c, middle, the tunica media, c, 
subepithelial, the middle layer of the intima, com- 
posed of fusiform and stellate cells and finely granular 
substances with longitudinal and transverse fibrils. 
Syn., innermost longitudinal fibrous coat; intermediary 
layer; internal fibrous coat; striated layer of the internal 
coat, c, uveal, the uvea, c, vaginal. 1. The 
fibrous capsule of the eyeball. 2. See tunica vaginalis. 

coating (kot'-ing) [cottus, a tunic]. A covering, 
as of a wound, the tongue, etc. c. of the tongue, a 
condition of the tongue indicative of abnormality 
of the digestive tract, c. of pills, a covering of 
various substances to conceal the taste in swallowing. 

cobalt (ko'-bawlt) [Kobold, a German mythological 
goblin]. A tough, heavy metal having some of the 
general properties of iron. Its oxides have been 
employed in medicine, but are now very little used. 
Symbol, Co; atomic weight, 58.97. c. nitrate, CO- 
(NOVh +6H2O. It is said to be a successful antidote in 
poisoning by hydrocyanic acid and potassium cyanide. 
c. and potassium nitrate, COK3(N02)6, cobalt yellow, 
a powder, slightly soluble in water; antispasmodic 
and antidyspneic. Dose f-f gr. (0.016-0.032 Gm.). 
Syn., potassium cobaltonitrite. c. salipyrin, a salicy- 
late of cobalt and antipyrin. 

Cobelli's glands (ko-bel'-e). A ring of mucous 
glands in the mucosa of the esophagus, just above 
the cardia. 

cobra (ko'-brah) [Port.]. A venomous snake of 
India, Naja tripudians. c.-lysin, Myers' term for 
the hemolytic poison of cobra venom. It is destroyed 
by heat and neutralized by antivenin. _ Cf. cobra 
nervine; echidnase; echidnotoxin. c. nervine, one of 
the principles isolated by Myers from cobra venom. 
It is not decomposed by heat or neutralized by 
antivenin. 

coca (ko'-kah). See Erythroxylon. 

cocaethylin (ko-kah-eth'-il-in), C18H23NO4. A white 
• powder obtained from benzoylecgonin by action of 
ethyl iodide. It is soluble in alcohol and ether and 
almost insoluble in water; it is a local anesthetic, 
milder than cocaine. Syn., benzoylecgoninethylic 
ester; ethylbenzoylecgonin; homococaine. 

cocaine (ko'-kah-en or ko-kan') [S.A., coca], C17H21- 
N4O. Cocaine (cocaina, U. S. P.) is the chief alka- 
loid of Erythroxylon coca. It is at first stimulant 
and afterward narcotic, and resembles caffeine in 



COCAINISM 



234 



COCHLEAR 



its action on the nerve-centers, and atropine in its 
effects on the respiratory and circulatory organs. 
Its long-continued use (cocaine-habit) is followed by 
insomnia, decay of moral and intellectual power, 
emaciation, and death. It is a local anesthetic when 
applied to the surface of mucous membranes or given 
hypodermatically. Applied to the conjunctiva of 
the eye, it causes also dilatation of the pupil and 
paralysis of the function of accommodation. Dose 
\-2 gr. (0.008-0.13 Gm.). Syn., methylbenzoylec- 
gonin. c. aluminum citrate, a double salt consisting 
of three molecules of albuminum citrate and one of 
cocaine; it is used as an astringent and as a local 
anesthetic, c. aluminum sulphate, a compound of 
aluminum sulphate and cocaine. It is used as is 
cocaine aluminum citrate, c. benzoate, C17H21NO4 . - 
C7H6O2, anodyne and anesthetic, c. borate, a white, 
crystalline powder containing 68.7 % of cocaine. 
It is used in eye-douches and subcutaneous injec- 
tions, c. cantharidate, (Ci7H2iN04)2CioHi204. It is 
used hypodermatically in tuberculosis; injection, 
kV-A EX. (0.0013-0.0016 Gm.) in 500 parts of 
chloroform-water, c. carbolate, a crystalline mass 
containing 75 % of cocaine; it is analgesic, anticat- 
arrhal, and a local anesthetic. Dose 15—6 SX. 
(0.005-0.01 Gm.), once or twice daily in capsules. 
Injection, 16 min. (1 Cc.) of 1 : 1250 solution in 
dilute alcohol. Application, 1 to 3 % solution with 
30 % alcohol, 5 % powder, or pure. c. cerate, 
1 : 30, for burns, etc. c. chloride. See c. hydro- 
chloride, c. citrate, used to stop toothache, c. 
hydrobromide, Cr/EfoiNCkHBr, small white crystals, 
soluble in water. It is used instead of cocaine hydro- 
chloride and the dosage is the same. c. hydro- 
chloride (cocaines hydrochloridum, U. S. P.), C17H21- 
NO4 . HC1, most commonly used for local anesthesia 
in 2 to 8 % solution. Dose, internally, f-2 gr. 
(0.008-0.13 Gm.). c. hydrochloride, solution of 
(liquor cocaines hydrochloratis, B. P.). Dose 2-10 
min. (0.13-0.65 Cc). c. hydroiodide, C17H21NO4 . - 
HI, a suggested substitute for cocaine hydrochloride 
in producing electroanesthesia. c. lactate, C17H21- 
NO4C3H6O3, a white liquid of the consistence of 
honey; it is used particularly in tuberculous cysts of 
the bladder. Injection (into the bladder), i| gr. 
(0.1 Gm.) dissolved in 5 parts each of lactic acid 
and distilled water, c, lamellae (lamella cocaines, 
B. P.), each contains T &tr gr- (0.00065 Gm.) of cocaine 
hydrochloride, c. muriate. See c. hydrochloride. 
c. nitrate, Q7H21NO4 . HNO3. It is used in combina- 
tion with silver nitrate in treatment of disorders of 
the genitourinary tract. Dose, as the hydrochloride, 
maximum dose f gr. (0.049 Gm.), single; 2\ gr. 
(0.146 Gm.) a day. c. oleate (oleatum cocaince, 
U. S. P.), a 10 % solution in oleic acid, for external 
use. c. phenate, a topical application in catarrhs 
and in rheumatism, used as a 5 to 10 % alcoholic 
solution; also internally. Dose &-% gr. (0.005- 
0.01 Gm.). c. phthalate, contains 64.6 % of the 
alkaloid. It is used hypodermatically instead of 
cocaine hydrochloride, c. saccharate, moist crystal- 
line plates used in diseases of the throat; a 5 % so- 
lution corresponds to a 4 % solution of cocaine 
hydrochloride, c. salicylate, C17H21NO4 . C7H6O3, 
is used in spasmodic asthma in the same manner as 
cocaine hydrochloride, c. tartrate, (CnH2iN04)2- 
C4H6O6. Uses and dose same as of cocaine hydro- 
chloride. 

cocainism (ko-ka' -in-izm) [cocaine]. The cocaine- 
habit. 

cocainist (ko-ka' -in-ist). One addicted to habitual 
use of cocaine. 

cocainization (ko-ka-in-iz-a'-shun) [cocaine]. The 
bringing of the system or an organ under the in- 
fluence of cocaine, c, endomeningeal, c, intra- 
spinal, c, spinal-canal, c, spinal subarachnoid, c, 
subarachnoid. See Corning-Bier method under anes- 
thetic. 

cocainize (ko-ka' -in-iz). To bring under the 
influence of cocaine. 

cocainomania (ko-ka-in-o-ma'-ne-ah) [cocaine; na- 
vla, madness]. The habit of using cocaine; 
properly, insanity due to the cocaine-habit. 

cocainomaniac (ko-ka-in-o-ma'-ne-ak) [cocaine; na-. 
via, madness]. One who is insane from the effects 
of cocaine. 

cocapyrine (ko-ka-pi'-rin). A mixture of cocaine, 
I part; antipyrine, 100 parts; used as an analgesic 
and antipyretic. Dose 3^ gr. (0.22 Gm.). 

Coccaceae (kok-ka'-se-e) [see coccus]. A group of 



schizomycetous fungi or bacteria, including as genera 
the micrococcus, sarcina, ascococcus, and leuconostoc. 

coccai(kok'-al) [coccus]. Relating to cocci. 

coccidial (kok-sid'-e-al). Relating to, or caused 
by, coccidia. 

coccidoidal granuloma (kok-sid-oi'-dal gran-u-lo'- 
ma). Granuloma due to the presence of the Oidium 
coccidoides. 

Coccidioides immitis pyogenes (kok-sid-e-o'-id-ez 
im-i'-tis pi-oj'-en-ez). A pathogenic microorganism 
discovered by Ophiils and Moffitt (1900). It pro- 
duces in human beings chronic suppurative processes 
or caseation. 

coccidiosis (kok-sid-e-o'-sis) [coccidium; vbaos, 
disease]. The group of symptoms produced by 
the presence of coccidia in the body. 

Coccidium (kok-sid'-e-um) [coccus; pi., coccidia]. 
A genus of protozoa, by some referred to as the so- 
called psorosperms. See. psorosperm. C. oviforme, 
has been found in intestinal epithelium and in the 
liver of man, and often in the liver of the rabbit. 
True coccidia are nonmotile cell-parasites. C. 
sarkolytus, the name given by Adamkiewicz to the 
so-called parasite of carcinoma. 

coccigenic (kok-sij-en'-ik) [kokkos, berry; yevv&v, 
to produce]. Caused by micrococcus. 

coccinella (kok-sin-el'-ah) . See cochineal. 

coccineous (kok-sin'-e-us) [coccinus, scarlet]. In 
color, pure carmine tinged with yellow. 

coccobacteria (kok-o-bak-te'-re-ah) [coccus; Polkttj- 
piov, a little rod]. The rod-like or spheroidal bacteria 
found in putrefying liquids, and called C. septica. 

coccogenous (kok-oj'-en-us) [coccus; yevvap, to 
produce]. Caused by the presence of cocci. 

coccomelasma (kok-o-mel-az'-mah) [kokkos, berry; 
lik\aay.a, blackness]. A granular dermal melanosis. 

cocculin (kok'-u-lin). See picrotoxin. 

cocculus indicus (kok'-u-lus in'-dik-us). The 
dried fruit of Anamirta cocculus. It is an active 
narcotic poison. It is employed as a destroyer of 
vermin. See picrotoxin. 

coccus (kok'-us) [kokkos, a berry; pi., cocci]. 1. A 
genus of insects including C. cacti, the cochineal 
insect. 2. A spherical bacterium — a micrococcus. 

coccyalgia (kok-se-al'-je-ah) [k6kkv£, coccyx; &X70S, 
pain]. Coccygodynia. 

coccycephalus (kok-se-sef'-al-us) [coccyx; xe^aXi?, 
the head]. 1. Having a beaked process for a head. 
2. A monstrosity with such a head. 

coccydynia (kok-se-din'-e-ah). See coccygodynia. 

coccygeal (kok-sij'-e-al) [k6kkv£, coccyx]. Per- 
taining to the occcyx. 

coccygectomy (kok-sij-ek'-to-me) [kokkv£, coccyx; 
iKTonri, excision]. Surgical excision of the coccyx. 

coccygeomesenteric (kok-sij-e-o-mez-en-ter r -ik) . 

Relating to the caudal and mesenteric areas; applied 
to an embryonic vein. 

coccygeus (kok-sij'-e-us) [coccyx]. One of the pel- 
vic muscles. _ See under muscle. 

coccygodynia (kok-sig-o-din'-e-ah) [coccyx; bdwrj, 
pain]. Pain referred to the region of the coccyx; 
confined almost exclusively to women who have given 
birth to children. 

coccygotomy (kok-sig-ot'-o-me) [k6kkv£, coccyx; 
Toy.ii, a cutting]. Cutting of the coccyx. 

coccyodynia (kok-se-o-din'-e-ah). See coccygodynia. 

coccyx (kok'-siks) [k6kkv£, cuckoo (resembling the 
bill)]. The last bone of the spinal column, formed 
by the union of four rudimentary vertebrae. 

cochia (kok'-e-ah or kotch'-e-ah) [L. ; of Gr. kokkIov, 
a pill]. An old name for certain drastic and mainly 
aloetic pills (pilules cochies); pills of aloes and colo- 
cynth. The name cochia is now adjectival. 

cochineal (kotch'-in-el or kotch-in-lV) [ME., 
cutchaneal]. The dried insects of a species of plant- 
lice, Coccus cacti, parasitic upon a cactus of Mexico 
and Central America. It contains a rich red coloring- 
matter, carmine, used mainly as a dyeing agent. It is 
thought to be valuable in whooping-cough. Dose \ 
gr. (0.02 Gm.). 

cochinilin (kotch-in-il'-in). The same as carminic 
acid. 

Cochin-leg (kot'-chin) [Cochin-China], Synonym 
of elephantiasis arabum. 

cochlea (kok'-le-ah) [koxXos, a conch-shell]. A 
cavity of the internal ear resembling a snail-shell. 
It describes 2 h turns about a central pillar called the 
modiolus or columella, forming the spiral canal, 
about 1 \ inches in length. See also ear. 

cochlear, cochleare (kok'-le-ar, kok-le-a'-re) [L.]. 



COCHLEAR 



235 



COFFEOL 



A spoon; a spoonful, c. amplum, c. magnum, a 
tablespoon, c. medium, a dessertspoon, c. mini- 
mum, c. parvum, a teaspoon. 

cochlear (kok'-le-ar) [k6x><os, a conch-shell]. Per- 
taining or belonging to the cochlea, c. nerve, the 
nerve supplying the cochlea. See nerves, table of. 

Cochlearia {kok-le-a'-re-ah). A genus of plants, 
containing C. armoracia, horse-radish, and C. offici- 
nalis, scurvy-grass. 

cochleariform {kok-le-ar'-e-form) [cochlear; forma, 
shape]. i. Spoon-shaped. 2. [koxXos, a conch- 
shell.] Having the shape of a snail-shell. 

cochleare (kok'-le-at) [cochlealus, spiral]. Spirally 
coiled, like a snail-shell. 

cochleitis (kok-le-i'-lis). See cochlitis. 

cochlitis {kok-li'-tis) [cochlea; ms, inflammation] 
Inflammation of the cochlea. 

cocinin {ko' -sin-in). A peculiar fatty principle, 
the chief constituent of cocoanut oil. Syn., cocin; 
cocostearin; cocostearyl; cocyl. 

Cock's operation [Edward Cock, English surgeon, 
1805-1892]. A method of external urethrotomy; 
the urethra is opened behind the stricture without a 
guide, the knife being carried into the median line of 
the perineum and the incision extended vertically as 
far as is necessary. 

Cock's peculiar tumor. Extensive septic ulcera- 
tion of the scalp, resembling an epithelioma and 
developed from a neglected sebaceous cyst. 

cockeye (kok'-i). Strabismus. 

cockroach {kok'-roch). See blatta. 

coco {ko'-ko). See coko disease. 

cocoa, coco {ko'-ko). See cacao and iheobroma. 
c.-butter. See cacao-butter. 

coco-olein (ko-ko-o'-le-in) [cacao; oleum, oil]. A 
proprietary substitute for cod-liver oil, said to be 
derived from cocoa-nut oil. 

coctolabile (kok-to-la'-bil) [coctus, boiled; labilis 
unstable]. Not able to withstand the temperature 
of boiling water without change. 

coctoprecipitin {kok-to-pre-sip' -it-in) [coctus, cooked; 
precipitin]. A precipitin produced from a serum 
which has been boiled. 

coctostabile (kok-to-sta'-bil) [coctus, boiled; stabilis, 
stable]. Able to withstand the temperature of boil- 
ing water without change. 

cod (kod) [ME.]. The Gadus morrhua, a fish 
furnishing cod-liver oil. c.-liver oil, an oil derived 
from the liver of the Gadus morrhua, and ranging in 
color, according to the method of its preparation, 
from pale straw to dark brown; its specific gravity 
is 0.923 to 0.924 or even 0.930 at 15 C. See morrhua. 

codamine {ko' -dam-en) [icwdeia, poppy-head; 
amine], _ C20H25NO4. A crystalline alkaloid of 
opium, isomeric with laudanine. When ferric chloride 
is added to it, it assumes a deep-green color. 

codeia {ko-de'-ah). See codeine. 

codeine {ko'-de-in) [KuSeia, the poppy-head], 
CisHaNOs+HaO, codeina (U. S. P.). -A white, 
crystalline alkaloid of opium resembling morphine 
in action, but being weaker. It is used in cough and 
in diabetes mellitus. Dose §-2 gr. (0.032-0.13 Gm.). 
Syn., codeia; methylmorphine. c. acetate, C18H21- 
NO3 . C2H4O2, use and dose same as codeine, c. 
citrate, used as is codeine, c. hydrobromide, C18H21- 
NO3 . HBr+2H20, used as is codeine, c. hydro- 
chloride, C18H21NO3.HCI+2H2O, use and dose 
same as codeine, c. hydroiodide, C18H21NO3 . HI 
+H2O, use and dose same as codeine, c. nitrate, 
C18H21NO3 . HNO3, use and dose same as codeine. 
c. phosphate {codeina, phosphas, U. S. P.), soluble in 
water. It is similar to morphine in action, but less 
toxic. Dose hypodermatically, \ gr. (0.032 Gm.). 
c. salicylate, a white powder, soluble in water, used 
in rheumatism, c. sulphate {codeina. sulphas, U. 
S. P.), the sulphate of the alkaloid. Dose |-£ gr. 
(0.01-0.016 Gm.). c. valerate, an antispasmodic 
and sedative. Dose \ gr. (0.016 Gm.). 

codeonal {ko'-de-on-al). Trade name of a prepara- 
tion containing codeine and veronal; it is used as a 
hypnotic. 

codex {ko'-deks) [L.; pi., codices]. A pharma- 
copoeia or book of formula?; specifically, the French 
pharmacopoeia, c. medicamentarius, the French 
pharmacopoeia. 

codol {ko'-doT). See retinol. 

codrenin {kod-ren'-in). Trade name of a prepara- 
tion containing cocaine hydrochloride and adrenalin 
hydrochloride; used as a local anesthetic and hemo- 
static. 



coefficient {ko-ef-ish'-ent) [con, together; efficere, 
to produce]. A figure indicating the degree of 
physical or chemical alteration characteristic of a 
given substance under stated conditions, c, 
Baumann's. See under Baumann. c, biological, 
the energy consumed by the body at rest, c, 
Bouchard's. See under Bouchard, c, Haeser's. 
See Christison's formula, c, isotonic, the lowest 
degree of concentration of a solution of a salt in 
which laking of blood does not occur, c. jelly, a 
preparation of agar used in Ross's in vitro method. 
c. of diffusion, the index of diffusion {q. v.) plus the 
time and temperature required to stain the nucleus. 
See in vitro, c. of solubility of a gas, the amount of 
a gas which is dissolved at a given temperature in 
1 c.c. of a liquid, when the pressure of gas on the 
liquid is 760 mm. Hg. c, Trapp's. See Trapp's 
formula, c, urotoxic, the number of urotoxic units 
per kilogram of body weight excreted in twenty four 
hours, c, Yvon's. See under Yvon. 

ccelarium. See celarium. 

coelectron {ko-e-lek'-tron) [con, together; electron]. 
The matrix which, associated with the electron, forms 
the atom of ponderable matter. Syn., atomic core. 

ccelenteron {se-len'-ter-on) [mhXos, hollow; ivrepov, 
intestine]. Same as archenteron. 

ccelia {se'-le-ah). See celia. 

c celiac {se'-le-ak). See celiac. 

cceliadelphus {se-le-ad-eV -fus) . See celiadelphus. 

coeliagra {se-le-a'-grah). See celiagra. 

ccelialgia {se-le-aV -je-aK) . See celialgia. 

cceliocyesis {se-le-o-si-e'-sis). See celiocyesis. 

cceliolymph (se'-le-o-limf). See celiolymph. 

cceliomyalgia {se-le-o-mi-al'-je-ah). See celiomyal- 
gia. 

ccelioncus {se-le-ong'-kus). See celioncus. 

coelioplegia {se-le-o-ple'-je-ah) [xotXta, the belly; 
XX17717, a stroke]. A synonym of Asiatic cholera. 

cceliorrhcea {se-le-or-e'-ah). See celiorrhea. 

ccelioschisis {se-le-os'-kis-is). See celioschisis. 

ccelioscope {se'-le-o-skop). See celioscope. 

cceliotomy {se-le-of -o-me) . See celiotomy. 

ccelitis {se-li'-tis). See celitis. 

ccelom, cceloma {se'-lom, se-lo'-mah). See celom. 

coelongate {ko-e-lon'-gdt) [con, together; elongatus, 
elongated]. Of equal length. 

ccelophlebitis {se-lo-fle-bi'-tis). See celophlebitis. 

ccelophthalrnia {se-loff-thaV -me-ah) . See celophthaU 
mia. 

coelosis {se-lo'-sis). See celosis. 

ccelosoma {se-lo-so'-mah). See celosoma. 

coelostomia {se-lo-sto' -me-ah). See celostomia. 

ccenesthesis {sen-es-the'-sis). See cenesthesis. 

ccenobium {se-no'-be-um) [koivos, common; /St'os, 
life]. In biology, a composite zoophyte or any colony 
of independent cells held together by a common 
investment. 

ccenoblast {se' -no-blast) [koivos, common; ffhao-Tos, 
a germ]. In biology the primitive germinal layer, 
giving rise to the endoderm and mesoderm. 

ccenotype {se' -no-tip) [koivos, common; tvvos, 
type]. The fundamental type-form of a group. 

ccenurus {se-nur'-us) [koivos, common; ovpa, tail]. 
The larva of Tania ccenurus, producing the disease 
of sheep called staggers, c. cerebralis, a hydatid 
found mainly in the brain and spinal canal of the 
ox and sheep (mostly in young animals). Occasion- 
ally it has been discovered in the muscles of man. 
It is known to be the larva of the tape-worm, Tama 
canurus. 

co-enzyme {ko-en'-zim). A substance whose 
presence is essential for the due activity of a certain 
enzyme. 

coercible {ko-ers'-ib-il) [coercere, to curb]. Ap- 
plied to gases which are capable of being liquefied. 

coercive {ko-ers'-iv). Capable of being rendered 
magnetic and continuing so. 

coferment {ko-fur'-ment). Same as co-enzyme. 

coffea {kof'-e-ah). The coffee tree. C. arabica, 
the common coffee plant, is the original source, of 
most of the coffee cultivation. 

coffee {kof'-e). See coffea. c.-ground" vomit, the 
material ejected by emesis in gastric carcinoma and 
other conditions that give rise to a slow hemorrhage 
into the stomach. It consists of blood changed by 
the action of the gastric juice, and mixed with other 
contents of the stomach. 

coffeinism {kof'-e-in-izm). Excessive habitual use 
of coffee, or the state of ill-health that results from it. 

coffeol {kof'-e-ol). See caffeol. 



COFFEON 



236 



COLD 



coffeon (kof'-e-on). A product obtained by- 
condensing the material volatilized when coffee is 
roasted. The pleasant flavor of coffee is due to it. 

coffer dam. See rubber dam. 

coffeurin (kof-e-u'-rin) [caffea, coffee; ovpov, urine]. 
A principle said to sometimes be present in urine 
after the free use of coffee as a beverage or medicine. 
The urine then has the odor of coffee, and its color 
is red, brownish, or deep-brown. 

coffin {kof'-in) [/c60woj, a basket]. i. A case 
intended to hold the dead body. 2. In farriery, 
the hollow portion of a horse's hoof, c.-birth, post- 
mortem expulsion of the fetus, c.-bone, the last 
or distal phalanx of a horse's foot. 

coffinism (kof'-in-izm) [after Dr. Coffin, who 
advocated it]. A variety of quackery or professed 
system of medical practice. It resembles so-called 
Thomsonianism. 

cognac (kon-yak) [a district in France]. French 
brandy distilled from wines produced in the district 
of Cognac. 

cognominal (kog-nom'-in-al) [cognomen, a surname]. 
A word formed from an individual's surname; e. g., 
mackintosh, ampere. 

cog-wheel breathing, c. respiration. A type of 
breathing characterized by a jerky, wavy inspiration. 

cohabitation {ko-hab-it-a' -shun) [con, together; 
habitare, to dwell]. 1. The living together of a 
man and woman, with or without legal marriage. 
2. Sexual connection. 

Cohen's test for albumin. To the acid solution 
of albumin add a solution of potassium bismuthic 
iodide and potassium iodide. The albumin is precipi- 
tated. 

cohesion (ko-he'-zhun) [cohcerere, to stick together]. 
The force whereby molecules of matter adhere to 
one another; the attraction of aggregation. 

Cohn's stomata. Minute gaps in the interalveolar 
walls of the normal lung. 

Cohnheim's areas, C.'s fields (kon'-hlm) [Julius 
Friedrich Cohnheim, German pathologist, 1839- 
1884]. Small polygonal fields visible in transverse 
section of muscle fibers. C.'s frog. See salt-frog. 
C.'s terminal arteries. 1. Terminal arteries without 
anastomoses. 2. The short arteries supplying the 
basal ganglia of the cerebrum. C.'s theory, a theory 
that all true tumors are due to faulty embryona 
development. The embryonal cells do not undergo 
the normal changes, are displaced, or are super- 
fluous. When the favorable conditions are presented 
later in life, they take on growth, with the formation 
of tumors of various kinds. See cancer, Cohnheim's 
theory of. C.'s tumor-germs, small aberrant or 
heterotopic masses of embryonic tissue from which 
new growths may originate. 

cohobation (ko-ho-ba'-shun) [cohobare, to redistil]. 
1. Redistillation. 2. Recurrence of disease. 

cohosh {ko'-hosh) [Am. Ind.]. A name given to 
several medicinal plants, c, black. See cimicifuga. 
c., red. See Actoea rubra, c, white. See Actcea alba. 

coil (koil) [colligere, to gather together]. A spiral 
formed by winding, c.-gland. See sweat-gland. 
c, induction-, rolls of wire used to produce an 
electric current by induction, c, Leiter's. See 
Leiter's tubes, c, primary, the inner coil of an 
induction apparatus, c, resistance-, a coil of wire 
of known electric resistance, used for estimating re- 
sistance, c, secondary, the outer coil of an induc- 
tion apparatus. 

coin-catcher (koin'-katch-er). An instrument for 
seizing and removing a coin or other foreign body 
lodged in the esophagus. 

coindication (ko-in-de-ka'-shun) [con, with; indi- 
care, to indicate]. A concurrent indication; a col- 
lateral and confirmatory indication. Cf. contra- 
indication. 

coinosite {ko-in'-o-sit) [kolvos, common; aireiv, to 
feed]. An animal parasite capable of separating 
itself from its host at will; a free commensal organism. 

coin-sign, coin-test (koin'-sln, koin'-test). See 
bell-sound. 

coition (ko-ish'-un). Same as coitus. 

coitophobia (ko-it-o-fo'-be-ah) [coitus; <t>6pos, fear]. 
Morbid dread of coitus from disgust or dyspareunia. 

coitus (ko'-it-us) [coire, to come together] ._ The 
act of sexual connection. Copulation, c. disease, 
the venereal disease of the horse. c. interruptus. 
See c. reservatus. c. reservatus, congressus inter- 
ruptus; incomplete sexual intercourse; the incomplete 
performance of the sexual act; onanism. 



coko disease (ko'-ko). A name applied in the 
Fiji Islands to a disease resembling frambesia. 

colalgia (ko-lal'-je-ah) [colon; &\yos, pain]. Pain 
in the great intestine. 

cola-nut (ko'-lah-nut). See kola-nut. 

colasaya (ko-las-a'-ah). Trade name of a prepara- 
tion of calisaya bark, cola, iron, and phosphates. 

eolation (ko-la'-shun) [colore, to strain]. The 
operation of straining. 

colatorium (kol-at-o'-re-um) [L.]. A sieve, colan- 
der, or strainer; used in pharmacy. 

colature (Jko'-lat-yur) [colatura, straining]. 1. In 
pharmacy, a liquid that has been subjected to 
eolation. 2. See eolation. 

colauxe (kol-awks'-e) [k6\ov, colon; atf£ij, increase]. 
Distention of the colon. 

colchicein Qtol-chis-e'-in) [colchicum], C17H21NO5 
+2H2O. A crystalline decomposition-product of 
colchicine. It is used subcutaneously in treatment 
of gout. Dose -io—h gr. (0.001-0.002 Gm.). 

colchicine (kol'-chis-en) [colchicum], C22H25NO6, 
colchicina (U. S. P.). An alkaloid of colchicum; 
it is a pale, brownish-yellow, exceedingly bitter 
powder, freely soluble in water. It is a very active 
poison. Its dose is ^o gr« (0.0032 Gm.) hypoder- 
matically. c. salicylate. See colchisal. 

colchicum (kol'-chik-um) [koXxikov, colchicum]. 
Meadow-saffron. The corm and seed of C. autum- 
nale, the properties of which are due to an alkaloid, 
colchicine. It is an emetic, diuretic, diaphoretic, 
and drastic cathartic. It is valuable in acute gout 
and in some forms of rheumatism. Dose of the 
powdered corm {colchici cormus, U. S. P.) 2-8 gr. 
(0.13-0.52 Gm.); of the powdered seeds {colchici 
semen, U. S. P.) 1-5 gr. (0.065-0.32 Gm.). c. corm, 
extract of (extr actum colchici cormi, U. S. P.). Dose 
1 gr. (0.065 Gm.). c, extract of, acetic (extractum 
aceticum colchici, B. P.). Dose \-2 gr. (0.032-0.13 
Gm.). c. seed, fluidextract of {fiuidextt -actum colchici 
seminis, U. S. P.). Dose 3 min. (0.2 Cc). c. seed, 
tincture of (tinctura colchici seminis, U. S. P.), 10 % 
strength. Dose 10-30 min. (0.6-2.0 Cc). c. seed, 
wine of (vinum colchici seminis, U. S. P.), 10 % in 
strength. Dose 10-30 min. (0.6-2.0 Cc). 

colchifior (koV-chi-flor). A remedy for gout 
prepared from a tincture made from the fresh flowers 
of Colchicum autumnale and powdered kola. It is 
said to be free from the drastic properties contained 
in preparations from the bulb and seeds of col- 
chicum. 

colchisal (kol'-chis-al). Colchicine salicylate. A 
yellow, amorphous powder, soluble in alcohol, 
ether, and water. It is used in gout and arthritis. 
Dose T hn gr- (0.00065 Gm.). 

colcothar \kol' -ko-thar) . A crude sequioxide of 
iron; red oxide of iron; a tonic and hemostatic. 

cold (kold) [AS., ceald]. 1. The comparative 
want of heat. 2. A term used popularly for coryza 
and catarrhal conditions of the respiratory tract. 
Cold is employed largely in various forms as a thera- 
peutic agent, mainly for the purpose of lowering 
temperature and allaying irritation and inflammation. 
It may be used in the form of affusion, that is, the 
sudden application of a considerable volume of cold 
water to the body. Cold may be used as an anes- 
thetic in baths (see bath) ; in the form of compresses 
applied over the affected part; in the form of irri- 
gation, especially in the treatment of bruised and 
injured members; as a lotion, for the purpose of 
relieving local heat, pain, and swelling; as an injec- 
tion, in the form of ice-water, into the vagina or 
rectum, for various conditions; and as the cold pack, 
which is a valuable means of reducing the body- 
temperature in cases of hyperpyrexia. Cold may be 
applied in the dry form by means of the ice-cap or 
bladder, an india-rubber bag filled with ice, snow, 
or a freezing mixture, c. abscess. See abscess, 
cold. c. bath. See bath, cold, c.-blooded. See 
poikilothermic. c. coil. See Leiter's coils. c- 
cream (unguentum aqua rosce, U. S. P.), spermaceti, 
125 Gm.; white wax, 120 Gm.; expressed oil of 
almond, 560 Gm.; stronger rose-water, 190 Gm. in 
which finely powdered sodium borate 5 Gm. has 
been dissolved. When used as a vehicle for metallic 
salts the sodium borate should be omitted. Used 
for chapping of face and hands, abrasions, etc. c. on 
the chest, bronchial catarrh, q. v. c. pack. See 
pack, cold, c, rose-, hay-fever, c.-sore, herpes 
labialis. c. spots. See temperature sense, c, St. 
Kilda's, c, strangers', in the Hebrides, a form of 



COLECTOMY 



237 



COLLES' FASCIA 



influenza ascribed by the natives to the arrival of a 
ship and the presence of outsiders, c. stroke, a 
condition, the analogue of heat-stroke, in which 
from excessive cold the patient is suddenly overcome 
and falls into a comatose state, shortly followed, as 
a rule, by death, c. test, a test applied chiefly to 
lubricating oils to determine the point at which the 
oil begins to congeal, and ceases to flow. 

colectomy (ko-lek'-to-me) [colon; kKToy.r\, cutting 
out]. Excision of a portion of the colon. 

coleitis (kol-e-i'-tis) [koXcos, sheath; ins, inflam- 
mation]. Vaginitis. 

Coleman-Shaffer fever diet {kol'-man shaf'-er) 
[Warren Coleman, American physician, 1869- ; 
P. A. Shaffer, American physician]. Primarily ar- 
ranged for typhoid, but probably suitable for other 
fevers. The principle is to supply the patient with 
sufficient food to maintain nutrition balance. It 
consists of large amounts of carbohydrate and fat, 
and relatively little protien. The proportions and 
total amount are regulated according to the digestive 
capacity of the patient. 

coleocele (kol'-e-o-sel) [koXcos, sheath; kt/Xij, 
tumor]. Vaginal tumor or hernia. 

coleocystitis (kol-e-o-sis-ti'-tis) [koXcos, sheath; 
cystitis]. Inflammation of vagina and bladder. 

coleoptosis (kol-e-op-to'-sis) [/coXeos, sheath; -irrCiais, 
a fall]. Prolapse of the vaginal wall. 

coleorrhexis (kol-e-or-eks'-is) [jcoXeos, a sheath; 
pfj^Ls, a rupture]. Rupture of the vagina. 

coleostegnosis (kol-e-o-steg-no'-sis) [ko\(6s, a 
sheath; arkivuxris, a constriction]. Contraction or 
atresia of the vagina. 

coleotomy {kol-e-ot'-o-me) [koXcos, a sheath; to/m), 
a cutting]. A cutting operation upon the vagina; 
colpotomy. 

Coley's fluid, C.'s mixture [William Bradley 
Coley, American surgeon, 1862- ]. A combina- 
tion of the toxins of Streptococcus erysipelatis and 
Bacillus prodigiosus; it has been used as a remedy 
for cancer in the early stage. 

colibacillary (ko-li-bas'-il-a-re). Pertaining to or 
produced by the Bacillus coli communis. 

colibacillosis (ko-H-bas-il-o'-sis). The morbid 
condition due to infection with Bacillus coli. 

colibacilluria (ko-li-bas-il-u'-re-ah). Presence of 
the Bacillus coli communis in the urine. 

colic (kol'-ik) [colon]. 1. Pertaining to the colon. 
2. A severe griping pain in the bowels, due to spasm 
of the intestinal walls; also any severe spasmodic 
pain in the abdomen, c, appendicular. Same as 
c, vermicular (1). c, biliary, that due to the passage 
of a gall-stone through the gall-ducts, c, crapulent, 
c, crapulous, that due to excess in eating and drink- 
ing, c, cystic, colicky pain in the urinary bladder. 
c, Devonshire. Synonym of c, lead-, c, hemor- 
rhoidal, intense pain near the anus and sacrum 
preceding a discharge from the hemorrhoidal vessels. 
c, hepatic, biliary colic, c, herniary, the pain 
attending hernia, c, inflammatory, the intense 
pain attending colitis, c, lead-, c, saturnine, 
intestinal colic due to lead-poisoning. It is charac- 
terized by excruciating abdominal pain, a hard and 
retracted condition of the abdomen, slow pulse, and 
increased arterial tension. Syn., colica pictonum; 
painter's colic, c, menstrual, the pain of menstrua- 
tion, c, metastatic, that due to metastasis of gout 
or to suppression of the menses or the hemorrhoidal 
flow, c, ovarian, ovaralgia. c, renal, that due to the 
presence of a calculus in the ureter, c, saburral, that 
resulting from over-eating, c, uterine, colicky pains 
experienced at the menstrual epochs, often coming on 
in paroxysms, c, vermicular. 1. Pain in the vermi- 
form appendix, due to catarrhal inflammation resulting 
from stoppage of its outlet. 2. That due to intestinal 
worms. Syn., verminous colic; worm colic. 

colica (kol'-ik-ah) [L.|. 1. Colic artery, see 
arteries, table of. 2. Colic, c. aeruginis, copper 
colic, c. damnoniensis, c. damnoniorum, c. figu- 
lorum, c. hispaniensis, lead colic, c. intertropica, 
lead colic, formerly supposed to be an endemic 
disease of the tropics, c. japonica. See colic, 
crapulent, c. mucosa. Synonym of mucous colitis. 
c. pictonum (literally, colic of the people of Poitou), 
lead-colic, painters' colic. See colic, lead. c. 
pituitosa. Synonym of enteritis, pseudomembranous ; 
see colitis, mucous, c. pulsatilis. See colic, inflam- 
matory, c. rhachialgia, lead colic, c. scortorum, 
a pain in the pelvis of youthful prostitutes, sympto- 
matic of the ovarian disease that results from their 



unnatural sexual relations. It is due probably to a 
pyosalpinx. 

colicodynia (kol-ik-o-din'-e-ah). Pain in the large 
intestine. 

colicolitis (ko-le-kol-i'-tis). See dysentery. 

colicoplegia (kol-ik-o-ple'-je-ah) [koXikos, pertaining 
to the colon; irh-rnr), a stroke]. Paralysis of the 
intestines. Also a synonym of lead-colic. 

colicystitis (ko-le-sist-i'-tis) [colon; kihttis, bladder; 
ins, inflammation]. Cystitis dependent upon the 
pathogenic activity of the colon bacillus. 

colicystopyelitis (ko-le-sist-o-pi-e-li'-tis) . Combined 
cystitis and pyelitis due to Bacillus coli communis. 

coliform (kol'-e-form) [colum, a sieve; forma, form]. 

1. Sieve-like; ethmoid; cribriform. 2. Denoting or 
pertaining to those microorganisms which resemble 
the Bacillus coli communis. 

coli-group. A group of pathogenic bacilli including 
the Bacillus coli communis, the typhoid, paratyphoid 
and paracolon bacilli, and some others. 

coli-infection. Infection with the Bacillus coli 
communis. 

colilysin (ko-lil'-is-in). A hemolysin formed by 
Bacillus coli communis. 

colipuncture (ko-le-punk'-chur). See colocentesis. 

colitis (ko-li'-tis) [colon; i-m, inflammation].- In- 
flammation of the colon, c, croupous, c, desquama- 
tive, c, diphtheritic, c, follicular, c, membranous, 
c, mucomembranous, c, plastic. See c, mucous. 
c, idiopathic ulcerative, a specific affection due to 
microorganisms, beginning in and throughout its 
course, invariably limited to the colon, c, mucous, 
a clinical combination of symptoms characterized 
by periodic abdominal pains associated generally 
with abnormalities of the secretory and absorptive 
functions, and with the discharge of peculiarly formed 
mucous masses, sometimes resembling exact casts 
of the intestine. Syn., chronic exudative enteritis; 
chronic mucocolitis; diarrhcea lubularis; fibrinous 
diarrhea; follicular-colonic dyspepsia; follicular duo- 
denal dyspepsia; intestinal croup; pellicular enteritis; 
pseudomembranous enteritis, c, ulcerative. Syn- 
onym of dysentery. 

collacin, collastin (kol'-as-in, -tin). A substance 
found by Unna, in colloid degeneration of the skin. 

collaetina (kol-e'-tin-ah). A proprietary adhesive 
plaster said to consist of lanolin and caoutchouc. 

collaform (kol'-a-form). A formaldehyde-gelatin 
preparation intended as a vulnerary. 

collagen (koV-aj-en) [/coXXa, glue; yewav, to pro- 
duce]. A substance existing in various tissues of 
the body, especially bone and cartilage; it is con- 
verted into gelatin by boiling. 

collagenic (kol-a-jen'-ik). . Forming or producing 
collagen or gelatin. 

collagenous (kol-aj'-en-us) [collagen]. Containing 
or resembling collagen or gelatin. 

collapse {kol-aps') [collabi, to fall together]. 1. Ex- 
treme depression and prostration from failure of the 
circulation, as in cholera, shock, hemorrhage, etc. 

2. An abnormal sinking or retraction of the walls of 
an organ, c. of lung, return of a portion or the 
whole of a lung to its fetal or airless condition from 
some mechanical hindrance to the entrance of air. It 
is characterized by dyspnea, with more or less cya- 
nosis, and is mainly encountered in bronchopneu- 
monia. 

collapsing {kol-aps' -ing) [collapse]. Suddenly 
breaking down. c. pulse. See Corrigan's pulse. 

collar-bone (kol'-er-bon). The clavicle. 

collar-crown (kol'-er-krown). A collar-like device 
to hold an artificial tooth to a natural root. 

collargol, collargolum (kol-lar'-gol, -urn). Colloidal 
silver; argentum Crede. A nonirritating antiseptic. 

collateral (kol-at'-er-al) [con, together; lateralis, 
of the side]. 1. Accessory or secondary; not direct 
or immediate. 2. One of the first branches of an 
axis-cylinder of a nerve-cell passing at a right angle. 

collecting tubes of the kidney. A name given 
to the ducts discharging into the calices of the kidneys. 

collemia, collaemia (kol-e'-me-ah) [koXXu, glue; 
alfia, blood]. Haig's term for a condition of capillary 
obstruction which he attributes to a clogging of the 
capillaries by urates or colloid deposits. 

collenchyma {kol-en'-kim-ah). The tissue of the 
primary cortex in plants, just beneath the epidermis. 

Colles' fascia (kol'-ez) [Abraham Colles, Irish 
surgeon, 1773-1843]- The deep layer of the perineal 
fascia. It is attached to the base of the triangular 
ligament, to the anterior lips of the rami of the 



COLLES-BEAUMES' LAW 



238 



COLOCOLOSTOMY 



pubes and ischia laterally, and anteriorly it is con- 
tinuous with the dartos of the scrotum. C.'s frac- 
ture, transverse fracture of the lower extremity of 
the radius, with displacement of the hand backward 
and outward. C.'s law, the child of a syphilitic 
father will render its mother immune against syphilis. 
In Colles' original words: "A new-born child affected 
with congenital syphilis, even ;al though it may have 
symptoms in the mouth, never causes ulceration of 
the breast which it sucks, if it be the mother who 
suckles it, though continuing capable of infecting a 
strange nurse." C.'s ligament, the fibers which 
pass from the outer portion of Poupart's ligament 
behind the internal pillar of the abdominal ring and 
are inserted into the linea alba, where they interlace 
with those of the opposite side. C.'s space, the 
space beneath the perineal fascia containing the 
ischiocavernosus, transversus perinei, and bulbo- 
cavernosus muscles, the bulbous portion of the 
urethra, the posterior scrotal (labial) vessels and 
nerves, and loose areolar tissue. 

Colles-Beaumes' law (kol'-ez-bo'-ma) [see Colles; 
Beaumes]. See Colles 1 law. 

colliculectomy (kol-ik-u-lek'-to-me) [colliculus; Ikto- 
fir], excision]. Removal of the verumontanum. 

colliculitis (kol-lik-tl-li'-tis) [colliculus, mound, ms, 
inflammation]. Inflammation of the colliculus 
seminalis. 

colliculus (kol-ik'-u-lus) [dim. of collis, hill: pi., collic- 
uli]. i. A small eminence. 2. Any eminence of the 
cerebral parietes. 3. The verumontanum. c. bulbi, 
c. bulbi intermedius, the layer of erectile tissue sur- 
rounding the male urethrabn its entrance into the bulb. 
c. cervicalis, a fold of mucosa extending dorsad from 
the apex of the trigonum vesica?, c. facialis, the 
eminentia facialis; see under eminence, c. glandis, 
two eminences on the inferior surface of the corona 
of the glans penis, between which the frenum is 
attached, c. inferior, any one of the posterior 
quadrigeminal bodies; see postgeminum. colliculi 
nervi ethmoidalis, the striatum, colliculi nervorum 
opticorum, the thalamus, c. papillaris, the tuber- 
culum or processus papillaris of the liver, colliculi 
posteriores. See postgeniculum. c. rotundus. See 
terete eminence, c. rotundus anterior, the anterior 
division of the terete eminence, c. rotundus pos- 
terior, the posterior division of the terete eminence. 
c. seminalis. See verumontanum. c. superior, any 
one of the anterior quadrigeminal bodies; see pre- 
geminum. c. urethralis, the verumontanum. 

collidine (kol'-id-in) [koWo., glue], CsHnN. A 
ptomaine obtained from pancreas and gelatin allowed 
to putrefy together in water, c. aldehyde. See 
aldehyde, collidine. 

collier's lung (kol'-yerz). Synonym of anthracosis. 

Collier's ponto-spinal tract (kol'-yerz). The de- 
scending part of the medial longitudinal bundle, found 
in the tegmentum. 

colliform (kol'-if-orm). A proprietary preparation 
containing formaldehyde and gelatin; used as a dress- 
ing for wounds. 

colligamen (kol-li-ga'-men) [colligare, to bind]. 
I. A ligament. 2. A name given to a variety of 
bandages prepared with glycerol and a glycerol-zinc 
paste. 

collilongus (kol-e-long'-gus) [collum, neck; longus, 
long]. The muscle called longus colli. See muscles. 

collimator (kol'-im-a-tor) [collineare, to aim at]. 
The receiving telescope of a spectroscope. 

collin (kol'-in) [/<6XXa, glue]. Gelatin in soluble 
form. 

collinic (kol-in'-ik). Relating to or obtained from 
gelatin. 

Collinsonia (kol-in-so'-ne-ah) [Peter Collinson, 
English botanist, 1694-1768]. A genus of labiate 
herbs. C. canadensis, stoneroot, healall, is a coarse 
plant with a disagreeable smell; it has tonic, diuretic, 
and diaphoretic properties. Dose 15-60 gr. (1-4 
Cc.) in decoction; of the fiuidextract 10 min.-i dr. 
(0.65-4.0 Cc); of the tincture (1 : 10) \-2 dr. (2-8 
Cc). 

collinsonin (kol-in-so'-nin) [Collinsonia], A pre- 
cipitate from the tincture of the root of Collinsonia 
canadensis. It is tonic, diaphoretic, resolvent, and 
diuretic. Dose 2 to 4 grains. 

colliquation (kol-ik-wa'-shun) [con, together; liquare, 
to melt]. The liquefaction or breaking down of a 
tissue or organ. 

colliquative (kol-ik' -wa-tiv) [colliquation]. Profuse 
or excessive; marked by excessive fluid discharges. 



c. diarrhea, a profuse watery diarrhea, c. necrosis. 
See necrosis, liquef active, c. sweat, a profuse clammy 
sweat. 

colliquef action (kol-ik-we-fak'-shun) [colliquation]. 
A melting or fusing together. 

collocated (kol'-o-ka-ted) [collocare, to place]. 
Corresponding with in respect to location; applied 
especially to parts of the brain that are adjacent, 
one ectal and the other ental; e. g., the calcarine 
fissure and the calcar. 

collocystis (kol-o-sis'-tis) [noKka, glue; kvittls, 
cyst]. A gelatin capsule to facilitate the swallowing 
of a drug. 

collodion (kol-o'-de-on) [koXX&Sjjs, glue-like]. Col- 
lodium (U. S. P.). A dressing for wounds made by 
dissolving guncotton in ether and alcohol; it is used as 
a substitute for adhesive plaster. See pyroxylin, c, 
acetone, one prepared from guncotton, 5 parts; ether, 
10 parts; alcohol, 10 parts; acetone, 20 parts; castor- 
oil, 6 parts. It is more elastic than ordinary flexible 
collodion, c, blistering. Same as c, cantharidal. 
c, cantharidal (collodium cantharidatum, U. S. P.), 
a blistering solution of collodion and cantharides. 
c, flexible (collodium flexile, U. S. P.), collodion with 
the addition of castor-oil and Canada balsam, c, 
iodized, flexible collodion with the addition of 5 % 
of iodine. ■ It is used in chilblains, c, iodoform, 
flexible collodion with 5 % of iodoform, c, styptic 
(collodium stypticum, U. S. P.), a mixture of collodion 
with tannic acid, ether, and alcohol. 

collodium (kol-o'-de-um). See collodion. 

colloid (kol'-oid) [/coXXa, glue; elSos, likeness]. 

1. A nondialyzable organic substance. See dialysis. 

2. A substance formed by colloid degeneration of 
epithelium. See degeneration, colloid. 3. Having 
the nature of glue. 4. In chemistry, amorphous and 
noncrystalline, c. cancer. See cancer, colloid. 
c. cyst, a cyst with jelly-like contents, c. degenera- 
tion. See degeneration, colloid. 

colloidal (kol-oid'-al). See colloid (3 and 4). 

colloidin (kol-oid'-in) [colloid], C9H15NO6. A jelly- 
like substance obtained from colloid tissue. 

colloidogen (kol-oid'-o-jen). A hypothetical sub- 
stance which is presumed to be concerned in holding 
the mineral matter of the body in a colloid state. 

colloma (kol-o'-mah) [/coXXa, glue; 6/jta, a tumor]. 

1. A cystic tumor containing a gelatiniform substance. 

2. A colloid cancer which has undergone degenerative 
changes. 

collonema (kol-o-ne'-mah) [koXXo, glue; vrjua, tissue: 
pi., collonemata]. Myxoma, or myxosarcoma. 

collopexia (kol-o-pek'-se-ah) [collum, neck; iryfa, 
fixing]. The surgical fixation of the neck of the 
uterus; trachelopexia. 

collosin (kol'-o-sin) [koWcl, glue]. A skin-varnish 
made by the addition of camphor to acetone col- 
lodion. 

colloxylin (kol-oks'-il-in). See pyroxylin. 

collum (kol'-um) [L.]. The neck; especially the 
anterior part of the neck. c. anatomicum, the 
anatomical neck of the humerus, c. chirurgicum, 
the surgical neck of the humerus, c. distortum. 
Synonym of torticollis, c. femoris, the neck of the 
femur, c. pedis, the instep. 

collunarium (kol-lii-na'-re-um) [L.]. A nasal douche. 

collutorium, collutory (kol-u-to'-re-um, kol'-u-to-re) 
[colluere, to rinse]. A mouth-wash; a gargle. 

collyrium (kol-ir'-e-um) [koKKvpiov, an eye-salve]. 
1. A lotion for the eyes. 2. Formerly, a suppository. 

coloboma (kol-o-bo'-mah) [ko\o(}ovi>, to mutilate]. 
A congenital fissure of the iris, choroid, or eyelids. 
c, bridge, a variety in which the pupil is separated 
from the coloboma by a narrow thread of iris tissue 
that stretches like a bridge from one pillar of the 
coloboma to the other, c, Fuchs', a small crescentic 
defect of the choroid at the lower border of the optic 
disc. c. palpebral, c. palpebrarum, a form of partial 
ablepharia consisting in a fissure of the eyelid — most 
frequently the upper lid. Syn., blepharocoloboma. 

colocentesis (ko-lo-sen-te'-sis) [colon; Kevrrjats, 
puncture]. Surgical puncture of the colon. 

colocholecystostomy (ko-lo-kol-e-sis-tos'-to-me) . See 
cholecystocolotomy. 

colocleisis (ko-lo-kli'-sis) [colon; KXelais, closure]. 
Occlusion of the colon. 

coloclyster (ko-lo-klis'-ter) [colon; clyster]. An 
enema in the colon. 

colocolostomy (ko-lo-kol-os'-to-me). The operation 
of forming a connection between two portions of the 
colon. 



COLOCYNTH 



239 



COLPOCYSTITIS 



colocynth (kol'-o-sinth). Same as colocynthis. 

colocynthein {kol-o-sin'-the-in) [koXokwBIs, colo- 
cynth], C44H64O13. A resinous decomposition-product 
of colocynthin. 

colocynthidism (kol-o-sinth'-id-izm) [colocynthis]. 
Poisoning from undue use of colocynth. A condition 
marked by violent inflammation of the digestive 
tract, watery and bloody stools, bilious vomiting, 
cramps in the calves of the legs, and collapse. 

colocynthin (kol-o-sin'-thin) [colocynthis]. The 
bitter principle of colocynth. See colocynthis. 

colocynthis (kol-o-sin'-this) [koXokw0Ls, colocynth; 
gen., colocynthidis]. Colocynth. Bitter apple. The 
fruit of Citrullus colocynthis, from which the seeds 
and rind have been removed. Its properties are due 
to a bitter glucoside, colocynthin, C56H84O23, the dose 
of which is n\-\ gr. (0.003-0.013 Gm.). It is a tome 
and astringent purgative, and is used mainly as an 
ingredient of compound cathartic pills, colocyn- 
thidis,. extractum (U. S. P.), alcoholic. Dose \-2 gr. 
(0.032-0.13 Gm.). colocynthidis, extractum, com- 
positum (U. S. P.), contains colocynth extract, 16; 
aloes, 50; cardamom, 6; resin of scammony, 14; soap, 
14; alcohol, 10 parts. Dose 5-20 gr. (0.32-1.3 Gm.). 
colocynthidis, pilula, composita (B. P.), contains 
colocynth, aloes, scammony, potassium sulphate, and 
oil of cloves. Dose 5-10 gr. (0.32-0.65 Gm.). 
colocynthidis, pilulae, et hyoscyami (B. P.), pills of 
colocynth and henbane. Dose 5-10 gr. (0.32-0.65 
Gm.). 

coloenteritis (ko-lo-en-ter-i'-tis) [colon; enteritis]. 
Inflammation of the small and large intestine. See 
enterocolitis. 

colohepatopexy (ko-lo-hep-a-to-pek'-se) [colon; f/irap, 
liver; vij^is, fixation]. Fixation of the colon to 
the liver to form adhesions, after operations on the 
gall-bladder. 

colomba, Colombo {kol-om'-bah, kol-om'-bo). See 
calumba. 

colon (ko'-lon) [kSXop, the colon]. The part of 
the large intestine beginning at the cecum and 
terminating at the end of the sigmoid flexure. In 
the various parts of its course it is known as the 
ascending colon, the transverse colon, the descending 
colon, and the sigmoid flexure; this latter is some- 
times divided into the iliac colon, and pelvic colon. 

colonalgia (ko-lon-al'-je-ah) [colon; oiXyos, pain]. 
Pain in the colon; colic. 

colonic (ko-lon'-ik) [colon]. Pertaining to the 
colon. 

colonitis {ko-lon-i'-tis). See colitis. 

colonometer (kol-on-om'-et-er) [colony; p.krpov, a 
measure]. An apparatus for estimating the number 
of colonies of bacteria on a culture-plate. 

colonopexy (ko-lon'-o-pek-se) . Same as colopexy. 

colonoscope {ko-lon'-o-skop) [colon; o-Kovelv, to 
view]. An instrument for examining the colon. 

colonoscopy (ko-lon-os'-ko-pe). Examination by 
means of a colonoscope. 

colony (kol'-o-ne) [colonia, colony]. A collection 
or assemblage, as of microorganisms in a culture. 

colopexia, colopexy (ko-lo-peks'-e-ah, ko'-lo-pek-se) 
[colon; irrj£is, a fixing]. Suturing of the sigmoid 
flexure to the abdominal wall. 

colopexotomy (ko-lo-peks-ot'-o-me) [colon; irij^is, a 
fixing; repvetv, to cut]. Incision into and fixation 
of the colon. Colopexy with the formation of an 
artificial anus. 

colophonium (kol-o-fo'-ne-um). Rosin; used in 
differentiating eosinmethylene-blue and other stains. 

colophony (JkoV -o-fo-ne) [KoXoQuv, a city of Ionia]. 
Rosin. The solid residue left on distilling off the 
volatile oil from crude turpentine. See rosin. 

coloproctia (kol-o-prok'-te-ah) [colon; ttpuktos, anus]. 
The formation of an artificial colonic anus. 

coloptosis (ko-lop-to'-sis) [colon; -ittoxtis, a falling]. 
Descent or displacement of the colon. 

colopuncture (kol-o-punk'-chur). Same as colo- 
centesis. 

color (kul'-or) [L.]. 1. A visual sensation due to 
radiated or reflected light. 2. That quality of an 
object perceptible to sight alone. 3. A pigment. 
c.-analysis, Ehrlich's method of identifying the 
various forms of leukocytes. It depends upon the 
distinctive manner in which the protoplasmic 
granules react toward the acid, basic, and socalled 
neutral solutions of the anilin dyes. Five varieties 
of granules are recognized and designated by the 
Greek letters, a, 0, y, S, e: (1) a-granules (eosinophil, 
oxyphil, or coarse oxyphil granules); (2) ^-granules 



(amphophil granules); (3) y-granules (mast-cell or 
coarse basophil granules); (4) 8-granules (fine baso- 
phil granules); (5) e-granules (neutrophil or fine 
oxyphil granules). c.-blindness. See blindness, 
color-, c, complementary, any color that added 
to another color, or to a mixture of colors, produces 
white. c.-gustation. See pseudogeusesthesia. c- 
hearing, the excitation of the visual center for color 
through the auditory nerve, c.-index, the pro- 
portionate amount of hemoglobin contained in each 
red blood corpuscle. It is normally from .9 to 1.5. 
c.-sensation, the perception of color; it depends on 
the number of vibrations of the ether. 

colorectitis {ko-lo-rek-ti'-tis) [colon; rectum; iris, 
inflammation]. Inflammation of the colon and 
rectum. Also a synonym of dysentery. 

colorectostomy [ko-lo-rek-tos'-to-me) [colon; rectum; 
<tt6hcl, a mouth]. The surgical establishment of a 
passage between the colon and the rectum. 

colorimeter (kol-or-im'-et-er) [color; ukrpov, a 
measure]. An instrument for determining the 
quantity of coloring-matter in a mixture, as in the 
blood. 

colorimetric (kol-or-im-et'-rik). Relating to meth- 
ods of color-measuring. 

colostomy (ko-los'-to-?ne) [colon; o-rbp.a, a mouth]. 
1. The formation of an artificial anus by an opening 
into the colon. 2. Any surgical operation upon the 
colon that makes a permanent opening into it, 
whether internal or external. 

colostration (kol-os-tra'-shun) [colostrum], A dis- 
ease or illness of young infants ascribed to the effects 
of the colostrum. 

colostric (kol-os'-trik) [colostrum]. Relating to 
colostrum. 

colostrorrhea (ko-los-tro-re'-ah) [colostrum; j!>oLa, 
flow]. Profuse discharge of colostrum. 

colostrous (kol-os'-trus) [colostrum]. Of the nature 
of or containing colostrum. 

colostrum (kol-os'-trum) [L.]. The first milk 
from the mother's breasts after the birth of the 
child. It is laxative, and assists in the expulsion of 
the meconium, c. corpuscles, small microscopic 
bodies contained in the colostrum. They are the 
epithelial cells of the mammary glands, full of oil- 
globules. After about the third day these cells burst 
and set free the fat-globules before they leave the 
gland, and in this way the true milk is formed. 

colotomy (ko-lot'-o-me) [colon; re/iveiv, to cut]. 
Incision of the colon, abdominal, lateral, lumbar, 
or iliac, according to the region of entrance. 

colotyphoid (ko-lo-ti'-foid). Typhoid accompanied 
with follicular ulceration of the colon and lesions in 
the small intestine. 

colpalgia {kol-pal'-je-ah) [colpo-; aXyos, pain]. 
Vaginal pain or neuralgia. 

colpatresia (kol-pat-re'-se-ah) [colpo-; aTp-qros, 
not perforated]. Occlusion or atresia of the vagina. 

colpectasia (kol-pek-ta'-zhe-ah) [colpo-; larao-is, a 
stretching out]. Vaginal dilatation. 

colpedema (kol-ped-e'-mah) [colpo-; oldrjfia, swell- 
ing]. Edema of the vagina. 

colpemphraxis (kol-pem-fraks'-is) [colpo-; ep.tj>pa%is, 
a stoppage]. Obstruction of the vagina. 

colpeurynter (kol-pu-rin'-ter) [koXttos, vagina; 
evpweiv, to widen]. An inflatable bag or sac used 
for dilating the vagina. 

colpeurysis (kol-pu'-ris-is) [see colpeurynter]. 
Dilation of the vagina, especially that effected by 
means of the colpeurynter. 

colpitis (kol-pi'-tis) [koXttos, vagina; ins, inflamma- 
tion]. Inflammation of the vagina. 

colpo- (kol-po-) [koXttos, vagina]. A prefix denot- 
ing relation to the vagina. 

colpocace (kol-pok'-a-se) [colpo-; /ca/c6s, bad]. 
Gangrene of the vagina. 

colpocele (kol'-po-sel) [colpo-; ktjXti, hernia]. 
Hernia or tumor in the vagina. 

colpoceliotomy (kol-po-se-le-ot'-o-me) [colpo-; celio- 
tomy]. Incision into the abdomen by the vaginal 
route, c, antero-lateral, Diihrssen's name for a 
new vaginal operative route into the abdomen. It 
consists in a combination of vaginal celiotomy with 
complete division of one broad ligament. 

colpocleisis (kol-po-kli'-sis) [colpo-; xXelo-is, a 
closure]. The surgical closure of the vagina. 

colpocystic (kol-po-sis'-tik) [colpo-; 'kvo-tis, bladder]. 
Relating to the vagina and the bladder; vesico- 
vaginal. 

colpocystitis {kol-po-sis-ti'-tis) [colpo-; kvvtis. 



COLPOCYSTOCELE 



240 



COLUMNING 



bladder; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the 
vagina and the bladder. 

colpocystocele {kol-po-sis'-to-sel) [colpo-; kwttis, 
a bladder; »c»jAi7, a tumor]. A hernia of the bladder 
into the vagina, with prolapse of the anterior vaginal 
wall. 

colpocystoplasty ikol-po-sist'-o-plas-te) [colpo-; kv<t- 
tw, bladder; irXaira-eLv, to form]. Plastic surgery 
of the vagina and bladder. 

colpocystosyrinx (kol-po-sis-to-sir'-ingks) [colpo-; 
/evens, cyst; avpiyt, pipe]. Vesico-vaginal fistula. 

colpocystotomy (kol-po-sis-tot'-o-me) [colpo-; kv<ttis, 
bladder; tout), a cut]. Surgical incision of the 
bladder through the vaginal wall. 

colpocystoureterocystotomy (kol-po-sist-o-u-re-ter- 
o-sist-ot'-o-me) [colpo-; kvo-tis, bladder; ureter; 
cystotomy]. Exposure of the orifices of the ureter 
by incision of the walls of the bladder and vagina. 

colpodesmorrhaphy (kol-po-des-mor'-af-e) [colpo-; 
5eo-ju6s, a fastening; pa^, a seam]. Suturing of the 
vaginal sphincter. 

colpohyperplasia (kol-po-hi-per-pla'-ze-ah) [colpo-; 
hyperplasia]. Hyperplasia of the vagina, c. cystica, 
a form of degeneration of the vaginal mucosa, 
occurring during pregnancy, and characterized by the 
formation of gas-cysts, due, according to Lindenthal, 
to an organism which he calls Bacillus emphysematis 
vagina. Syn., colpitis vesiculosa emphysematosa; 
emphysema vagina,. 

colpohysterectomy (kol-po-his-ier-ek'-to-me) [colpo-; 
hysterectomy]. Removal of the uterus through the 
vagina. 

colpohysteropexy {kol-po-his'-ter-o-pek-se) [colpo-; 
hysteropexy). Vaginal hysteropexy; supravaginal 
amputation of the cervix and anastomosis of the 
uterus and the vaginal mucosa. Syn., hysteropexy 
vaginalis. 

colpohysterorrhaphy {kol-po-his-ter-or' -af-e) [colpo-; 
hysterorrhaphy]. An operation for prolapse of the 
uterus; colpohysteropexy. 

colpohysterotomy (kol-po-his-ter-ot'-o-me) [colpo-; 
iia-repa, womb; to/xi7, section]. Surgical incision of 
the uterus through the vagina. 

colpomyomectomy (kol-po-mi-o-mek'-to-me) [colpo-; 
myomectomy]. Myomectomy through the vagina. 

colpomyomotomy (kol-po-mi-o-mot'-o-me) [colpo-; 
nvs, a muscle; rop.i), a section]. Vaginal myomot- 
omy; colpomyomectomy. 

colpopathy (kol-pop'-a-the) [colpo-; wados, illness]. 
Any disease of the vagina. 

colpoperineoplasty (kol-po-per-in-e'-o-plas-te) [col- 
po-; perineum; ir\a<r<reiv, to form]. Plastic operation 
for abnormality of the vagina and perineum. 

colpoperineorrhaphy (kol-po-per-in-e-or'-af-e) [col- 
po-; perineorrhaphy]. Repair of a perineal laceration 
by denuding and in part suturing the posterior wall 
of the vagina. 

colpopexy (kol'-po-pek-se) [colpo-; iritis, fixation]. 
Fixation of the vagina; vaginapexy. 

colpoplastic (kol-po-plas'-tik) [colpo-; ir\a<Toet.v, to 
form]. Relating to colpoplasty. 

colpoplasty (kol'-po-plas-te) [colpo-; vXaatreiv, to 
form]. Plastic surgical operation upon the vagina. 

colpopolypus (kol-po-pol'-ip-us) [colpo-; polypus]. 
Polypus of the vagina. 

colpoptosis (kol-pop-to'-sis) [colpo-; tttwo-is, a falling]. 
Prolapse of the vaginal walls. 

colporrhagia (kol-por-a'-je-ah) [colpo-; prjyvvvat, to 
burst forth]. Vaginal hemorrhage. 

colporrhaphy (kol-por'-a-fe) [colpo-; pa<j>f), a seam]. 
Suture of the vagina. 

colporrhea (kol-por-e'-ah) [colpo-; pola, a flow]. 
Vaginal leukorrhea; a mucous discharge from the 
vagina. 

colporrhexis (kol-por-ek'-sis) [colpo-; prjfrs, rup- 
ture]. Laceration or rupture of the vagina. 

colposcope (kol'-po-skop) [colpo-; aKowtlv, to view]. 
An instrument for the visual examination of the va- 
gina; a vaginal speculum. 

colpospasmus (kol-po-spaz'-mus) [colpo-; <rira<rp.6s, 
spasm]. Spasm of the vagina. 

colpostegnosis (kol-po-steg-no'-sis) [colpo-; orky- 
vuais, closure]. Same as colpostenosis. 

colpostenosis (kol-po-sten-o'-sis) [colpo-; arkvoais, 
a narrowing]. Constriction of the vagina. 

colpostenotomy (kol-po-sten-ot'-o-me) [colpo-; are- 
vos, narrow; to/xi?, a cutting]. Surgical division of 
colpostenosis. 

colposynizesis {kol-po-sin-iz-e'-sis) [colpo-; ovvl- 
f -qais, a falling in]. Narrowness of the vagina. 



colpotomy (kol-pot'-o-me) [colpo-; tout], a cutting]. 
Surgical incision of the vagina. 

colpoureterocystotomy {kol-po-u-re-ter-o-sis-tot'-o- 
me) [colpo-; ureter; cystotomy]. The exposure of the 
ureteral openings by cutting through the walls of 
the vagina and bladder. Colpocysto-ureterotomy. 

colpoureterotomy (kol-po-u-re-ter-ot'-o-me). Inci- 
sion of the ureter through the vagina. 

colpoxerosis (kol-po-ze-ro'-sis) [colpo-; &p6s, dry]. 
Morbid dryness of the vagina. 

colt-ill (kolt'-il). See strangles. 

coltsfoot. The leaves of Tussilago farfara, a 
demulcent and tonic, sometimes prescribed in chronic 
cough. Dose of a decoction (i oz. to i pint) a teacup- 
ful; of fiuidextract 1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc). 

columbin (kol-um'-bin). See calumbin under 
calumba. 

columbium (ko-lum'-be-um). A rare chemical 
element, symbol Cb; atomic weight 93.5. 

columbo (kol-um'-bo). See calumba. 

columella (kol-u-mel'-ah) [L., "a little column"]. 
1. The modiolus or central axis of the cochlea of the 
human ear. See cochlea and modiolus. 2. A bone 
in birds which takes the place of the ossicles of the 
ear in man. c. fornicis, one of the anterior pillars 
of the fornix, c. nasi, the septum of the nose. 

column (kol'-um) [columna]. A name given to 
several parts of the body that furnish support to 
surrounding parts, or that have the shape of pillars. 
c, anterior, the layer of white matter in either half 
of the spinal cord included between the anterior 
horn and nerve-root and the anterior median fissure. 
c, anterolateral ascending. See Gowers' c. c, 
commissural, one of nerve-substance extending along 
the bottom of the horizontal fissure of the cerebellum 
and connecting the anterior and posterior superior 
lobes, c, crossed pyramidal, c, crossed, of Tuerck, 
c, cuneiform. See c, posteroexternal, c, direct 
cerebellar, in the spinal cord, is situated outside of 
the lateral pyramidal tract, c, direct pyramidal, 
c, direct, of Tuerck. See c. of Tuerck. c. of the 
external ring, the free border of the aponeurosis of 
the external oblique muscle, forming the edges of the 
external abdominal ring, c, gray, anterior, the 
ventral cornu of the spinal cord, c, gray, posterior, 
the dorsal cornu of the spinal cord. c. of the inter- 
mediolateral tract, a column of motor cells in the 
intermediolateral tract of the spinal cord; it is best 
seen in the dorsal region, c, lateral, the layer of 
white matter in either half of the spinal cord included 
between the posterior horn and nerve-roots and the 
anterior horn and nerve-roots, c, posterior, a col- 
lection of white matter situated in the spinal cord 
on either side between the posterior horns and pos- 
terior nerve-roots and the posterior median fissure. 
c, posteroexternal, the outer wider division of the 
posterior column of the cord; the column of Burdach. 
c, posteromedian, the median division of the pos- 
terior column of the cord; the column of Goll. c, 
posterovesicular. See Clarke's c. c, respiratory. 
See fasciculus, solitary, c, vesicular, one of the 
nerve-cells in the posterior gray horn of the spinal cord. 

columna (kol-um'-nah) [L.; pi., columna]. A 
column or pillar, c. adiposa, a fat-column, c. 
anterior, anterior horn or column, c. Bertini, that 
part of the cortical structure of the kidneys that 
separates the sides of any two pyramids, c. carneo- 
papillaris anterior, the anterior column of the vagina. 
c. carneopapillaris posterior, the posterior column of 
the vagina, c. fornicis, anterior pillar or column of 
fornix, c. lateralis, lateral horn or column, c. nasi, 
the antero-posterior septum between the nostrils. 
c. plicarum, the columns of the vagina, c. posterior, 
posterior horn or column, c. rugarum, the columns 
of the vagina, c. vertebralis, the spinal column. 

columnae carneae, the muscular columns projec- 
ting from the inner surface of the ventricles of the 
heart, c. cinereae, the dorsal and ventral horns of 
the spinal cord. c. cordis. See columna carnea. 
c. cristarum vaginae, the columns of the vagina. 
c. griseae, columns or horns of gray matter, c. 
papillares. Same as musculi papillares. c. quintal, 
a bundle of nerve-fibers apparently originating in the 
upper nucleus of the fifth cranial nerve and decus- 
sating along the Sylvian aqueduct, c. recti. See 
Morgagni, columns of. c. vaginae, ridges on the 
anterior walls of the vagina. 

columnella (kol-um-nel'-ah). See columella. 

columning (kol'-um-ing) [column]. The placing 
of vaginal tampons to support a prolapsed uterus. 



COLYTIC 



241 



COMPENSATING 



colytic (ko-lit'-ik) [koKvtlkos, preventive]. Pre- 
ventive; inhibitory; caused by an obstruction; anti- 
septic. 

coma {ko'-mah) [ku>ho., a deep sleep]. Unconscious- 
ness from which the patient cannot be aroused by 
external stimulus, c, alcoholic, that due to poisoning 
by alcohol, c, apoplectic, that due to apoplexy. 
c, uremic, that due to uremia, c. vigil, a comatose 
condition in which the patient lies with open eyes, 
but is unconscious and delirious. This occurs oc- 
casionally in typhoid and typhus fevers and in 
delirium tremens. 

comatose (ko'-mat-os) [coma]. In a condition of 
coma. 

combiner (kom-bi'-ner) [combinare, to join]. That 
which combines, c, galvanofaradic, an instrument 
by means of which the galvanic and faradic currents 
can be used alternately or in combination in electro- 
therapeutics. 

combustion (kom-bus'-chun) [comburere, to burn 
up]. The process of oxidation, attended with the 
liberation of heat and sometimes of light, c, slow, 
same as decay, c. spontaneous, that due to heat 
from chemical changes, such as the spontaneous igni- 
tion of oiled waste or shoddy in woolen mills, fac- 
tories, etc. 

Comby's sign [Jules Comby, French' physician, 
19th century]. A form of stomatitis involving the 
buccal mucosa, diagnostic of incipient measles. 
There is slight swelling, and the mucous membrane 
becomes reddish, the superficial epithelial cells be- 
come whitish as if brushed over by a paint-brush. 
It may occur evenly or in patches. Cf. Koplik's 
spots. 

comedo (kom'-e-do) [L., "a glutton"; pi., come- 
dones]. A chronic disorder of the sebaceous glands 
characterized by yellowish or whitish elevations, 
the size of a pinpoint or of a pinhead, containing 
in their center exposed blackish points. They are 
found usually on the face, back of the neck, chest, 
and back, and are often associated with acne. They 
occur, as a rule, in the young. Occasionally a 
parasite, Demodex folliculorum, is found in each 
comedo. Syn., blackheads; grubs; grub-worms. 

comes (ko'-mez) [L.; pi., comites]. A companion 
as a vein to an artery, or an artery to a nerve. 

comestible (kom-est'-e-bl) [L., comestibilis]. Edible. 

comfrey (kum'-fre). The root of Symphytum 
officinale, a demulcent, slightly astringent and tonic 
drug. It is a common ingredient of domestic cough- 
mixtures. Dose of the decoction indefinite; of the 
fluid extract 3 j — ij - 

comma bacillus (kom'-ah bas-il'-us). See spirillum 
cholerce asiaticce under spirillum. 

comma-tract (kom'-ah-trakt). A comma-shaped 
tract in the posterolateral column of the spinal cord. 

commensal (kom-en'-sal) [com, together; mensa, 
table]. In biology, the harmonious living together 
of two organisms, animals or plants. One of two 
such organisms. 

commensalism (kom-en'-sal-izm). The intimate 
association of two different living organisms depen- 
dent on each other. 

comminuted (kom'-in-ii-ted) [comminuere, to break 
into pieces]. Broken into a number of pieces. 

comminuter (kom'-in-u-ter) [comminuere, to break 
into pieces]. An apparatus used to produce a spray; 
an atomizer. 

comminution {kom-in-u'-shun) [comminutio; com- 
minuere, to break in pieces]. The process by which 
a solid body is reduced to pieces of varying sizes. 
It includes the various operations of cutting, rasping, 
grating, slicing, pulverizing, levigating, triturating, 
elutriating, granulating, etc. See, also, fracture, 
comminuted. 

Commiphora (kom-if'-o-rah) [k6mj.i, gum; <f>epeiv, 
to bear]. A genus of shrubs and trees of the order 
Burseracece, found in Africa and the East Indies. 
C. africanum yields African bdellium. C. agallocha 
yields Indian bdellium. C. myrrha yields myrrh. 
C. opobalsamum yields balsam of Mecca or of Gilead. 

commissura {kom-is-u'-rah). See commissure. 
c. ansata, a tract of fibers in the optic chiasm, c. 
anterior alba, anterior white commissure, c. an- 
terior grisea, anterior gray commissure, c. anterior 
(cerebri), anterior commissure of the cerebrum. 
c. brevis, a portion of the inferior vermiform process 
of the cerebellum, c. habenularum, commissure of 
the habenula. c. hippocampi, the fornicommissure 
or lyra of the fornix, q. v. c. inferior (Guddeni), 



inferior commissure of Gudden. c. labiorum, junc- 
tion of the lips, the angle of the mouth, c. labiorum 
anterior, anterior commissure of the labia majora. 
c. labiorum posterior, posterior commissure of the 
labia majora. c. magna, the corpus callosum. c. 
magna cerebelli, the superior peduncles of the 
cerebellum, c. maxima, c. maxima cerebri, the 
corpus callosum. c. palpebrarum lateralis, lateral 
palpebral commissure, or external canthus. c. 
palpebrarum medialis, medial palpebral commissure, 
or internal canthus. c. posterior, posterior com- 
missure, c. posterior (cerebri), posterior commissure 
of the cerebrum, c. simplex, a small cerebellar 
lobe. c. superior (Meynerti), superior commissure 
of Meynert. c. ventralis alba, the band of white 
matter between the gray matter and the anterior 
fissure of the spinal cord. 

commissural (kom-is-u'-ral) [commissure]. Having 
the properties of a commissure; uniting symmetrical 
parts, as commissural fibers of the brain. 

commissure (kom'-is-ur) [con, together; mittere, 
to send]. 1. That which unites two parts. 2. A 
joint, a seam. 3. The point of union of the lips, 
eyelids, or labia. 4. Strands of nerve-fibers uniting 
hemispheres of the brain, or the two sides of the 
spinal cord, c, anterior (of third ventricle), a 
rounded cord of white fibers placed in front of the 
anterior crura of the fornix, c, arcuate. 1. The 
posterior optic commissure. 2. Same as Gudden's 
inferior commissure, q. v. c, gray (of spinal cord), 
the transverse band of gray matter connecting the 
masses of gray matter of the two halves of the spinal 
cord, c, gray, anterior, nerve-fibers in the gray 
columns of the cord, which, crossing to the opposite 
side in front of the central canal, decussate in two 
directions, part of the fibers entering into the oppo- 
site cornu ventrale, part into the cornu dorsale. 
c, gray, posterior, that portion of the gray com- 
missure of the spinal cord lying dorsad to the central 
canal, c, habenal, fibers joining one habena to the 
other; the dorsal stalk of the epiphyses, c, horse- 
shoe. See Wernekink's c. c, inferior. See Gudden's 
inferior c. c, middle, a band of soft gray matter 
connecting the optic thalami. c, optic, the union 
and crossing of the two optic nerves in front of the 
tuber cinereum. c, posterior (of third ventricle), 
a flattened white band connecting the optic thalami 
posteriorly, c, soft (of the brain). Same as c, 
middle, c, white, anterior (of spinal cord), a layer 
of fibers separating the posterior gray commissure 
from the bottom of the anterior median fissure, c, 
white, posterior (of spinal cord), a band of fibers 
separating the gray commissure from the bottom of 
the posterior median fissure. 

commotio (kom-o'-she-o) [L.]. A concussion, 
commotion or shock, c. cerebri, concussion of the 
brain, c. retinae, concussion or paralysis of the 
retina from a blow on or near the eye. It is charac- 
terized by sudden blindness, but there is little or no 
ophthalmoscopic evidence of any lesion. The sight 
is usually regained, and its loss is supposedly due to 
disturbance of the retinal elements, c. spinalis, 
railway spine. 

communicable (kom-u'-nik-abl) [communicabilis]. 
Capable of being transmitted from one person to 
another. 

communicans (kom-u'-nik-ans) [L.]. 1. Commu- 
nicating. 2._ Alternating; connecting. _ _ c. hypo- 
glossi, c. noni. See under nerve, c. Willisii. The 
posterior communicating artery of the brain. 

commutator (kom'-u-ta-tor) [commutare, to ex- 
change]. An instrument for automatically inter- 
rupting or reversing the flow of an electric current. 

comose (ko'-mos) [coma, hair]. Having much 
hair. 

comp. Abbreviation for Latin compositus, com- 
posita, compositum, compound. 

compact (kom'-pakt) [compactus, joined togetherf. 
Solid, dense; closely compressed, c. tissue, the ex- 
ternal, hard part of bone. 

comparascope (kom-par'-as-kop). An apparatus 
attached to a microscope for the simultaneous 
comparison of two different slides. 

comparative anatomy. See anatomy, comparative. 

compatibility (kom-pal-ib-il'-it-e) [Fr., compati- 
bility. Of medicines, the relation of one substance 
to another, so that they may be mixed without 
chemical change or loss of therapeutic power. 

compensating {kom'-pen-sa-ting) [see compensation]. 
Making good a deficiency, c. ocular. See under 



COMPENSATION 



242 



CONCEPT 



ocular, c. operation, in ophthalmology, tenotomy 
of the associated antagonist in cases of diplopia from 
paresis of one of the ocular muscles. 

compensation (kom-pen-sa'-shun) [compensare, to 
equalize]. The act of making good a deficiency; the 
state of counterbalancing a functional or structural 
defect. 

compensatory (Jkom-pen'-sa-to-re) [see compensa- 
tion]. Making good a deficiency. Restoring the 
balance, after failure of one organ or part of an 
organ, 
by means of some other organ or part of an organ. 

complaint (kom-plant') [complangere, to lament]. 
A disease or ailment, c, bowel-, diarrhea, c, 
summer-, summer diarrhea. 

complement (kom'-ple-ment) [complere, to com- 
plete]. A thermolabile body resembling a ferment 
and found in serum and cell protoplasm. It acts 
in conjunction with the amboceptor in causing lysis. 
"The cell is the lock, the amboceptor the key, and 
the complement the hand that turns the key." 
Syn., addiment; alexin; cytase. See alexin, Wasser- 
mann's test. c. deviation of, c, fixation of, the entering 
of the complement into combination with an antigen- 
immune-body, so that hemolysis or bacteriolysis is 
hindered. 

complemental, complementary (kom-ple-men'-tal, 
kom-ple-men'-ta-re) [complement]. Supplying a de- 
ficiency, c. air. See air, complemental. c. colors, 
a term applied to any two colors which combined 
produce white light, as, e. g., blue and yellow. 

complementoid (kom-ple-ment'-oid). A comple- 
ment that has lost its power of causing lysis. .It 
results from the destruction of a complement (q. v.) ; 
it can go to form an anticomplement. 

complementophil, complementophile (kom-ple- 
ment'-o-fil). The haptophore group of the inter- 
mediary body by means of which it combines with 
the complement. 

complementophilic (kom-ple-ment-o-fil'-ik). Show- 
ing a special affinity for the complement. 

complexus (kom-pleks'-us) [L., "complex"]. The 
totality of symptoms, phenomena, or signs of a 
morbid condition, c. muscle. See under muscle. 

complication (kom-plik-a'-shun) [complicare, to 
fold together]. A disease occurring in the course of 
some other disease and more or less dependent upon it. 

composition (kom-po-zish'-un) [compositio, a putting 
together], i. Compounding; applied to drugs. 
The constitution of a mixture. 2. The kind and 
number of atoms which are contained in the mole- 
cule of a compound, c. powder, a popular name 
(originally Thomsonian) for the pulvis myricce com- 
positus, N. F. At present it is a mixture of finely 
•powdered bayberry bark (Myrica cerifera), 12 parts; 
ginger, 6 parts; capsicum and cloves, each 1 part. 
It is useful for sore throat and severe coryza. c. tea, 
a warm drink composed of different spices, and used 
as a stomachic and to abort an attack of coryza. 

compos mentis (kom'-pos men'tis) [L.]. Of sound 
mind. 

compound (kom'-pound or kom-pound') [com, to- 
gether; ponere, to put]. 1. To mix, as drugs. 2. A 
mixture composed of several parts. 3. A substance 
composed of definite proportions of two or more 
elements in chemical union, c, addition, one 
formed from two other substances by direct union. 
c, binary, a substance composed of two elements or 
of an element and _ a compound behaving as an 
element, c. cathartic pills (pilulce catharticce com- 
posite, U. S. P.), pills of colocynth, mild mercurous 
chloride, resin of jalap, gamboge, and diluted alcohol. 
Dose 2 pills, c, endothermic, one absorbing heat in 
its formation, c, exothermic, one in which there is 
no elevation of temperature attending its formation. 
c, explosive, an unstable organic product containing 
much oxygen and readily decomposing, c. fracture. 
See fracture, compound. c.,= quaternary, a substance 
composed of four elements, c, satisfied, a chemical 
compound in which the combining capacities of all 
the elements are satisfied; one in which there are 
no free valences, c, saturated, one in which the 
elements have their maximum valences all filled. 
c, substitution, a compound formed from another 
body by replacement of one or more of its elements 
by another body or bodies, c, ternary, a compound 
composed of three elements. 

compounding {kom-pound' -ing). The mixing, 
manipulation, and preparation of the drugs ordered 
in a prescription. 



compress (kom'-pres) [compressus, pressed to- 
gether]. A folded cloth, wet or dry, applied firmly 
to the part for relief of inflammation or to prevent 
hemorrhage, c, electrothermic, an appliance con- 
sisting of flexible pillows and of thin wires isolated 
by asbestos and covered with canvas. This, when 
connected with a strong electric current, serves to 
supply a modified form of dry heat. c. cribriform, 
c, fenestrated, a compress with a hole for drainage. 
c, graduated, a compress composed of folds of a 
gradually increasing size. 

compressed (kom-presd') [compressus, pressed 
together]. Firmly pressed together; having the 
lateral diameter reduced, c. air, air the density of 
which has been increased by compression, c.-air 
bath. See bath, c.-air illness. See caisson disease. 

compression (kom-presh'-un) [compress]. The 
state of being compressed, c.-atrophy, atrophy of a 
part from constant compression, c, digital, com- 
pression of an artery by the fingers, c.-myelitis. 
See myelitis, compression-. 

compressor (kom-pres'-or) [compress]. 1. An 
instrument for compressing an artery, vein, etc. 
2. It is also applied to muscles having a compressing 
function, as the c. naris, c. vena dorsalis penis, etc. 
See muscles, table of. 3. One of the light springs 
inserted on either side of the stage of a microscope 
for holding the slide in position; a clip. c. sacculi 
laryngis, the inferior aryteno-epiglottideus muscle. 
See muscles, table of. c. urethrae, constrictor urethra?. 
See muscles, table of. 

compressorium (kom-pres-o'-re-um) [compressor, a 
compress]. An instrument devised for making 
pressure on the cover-glass of a microscope-slide in 
order to favor separation of the elements of the speci- 
men to be examined. 

conalbumin (kon-al'-bu-min). A proteid body 
obtained by Osborne and Campbell from white of 
egg, and so designated "on account of its close rela- 
tion in properties and composition to ovalbumen." 
Cf. ovalbumen; ovomucin; ovomucoid. 

conarial (ko-na'-re-al) [nuvapwv, the pineal gland]. 
Relating to the conarium. c. vein. See vein. 

conariohypophyseal (ko-na-re-o-hi-po-fis'-e-al) [«o- 
vapiov, the pineal gland; inro<f>v<ns, an undergrowth]. 
Relating to the conarium and to the hypophysis of 
the cerebrum; pineo-pituitary. 

conarium (ko-na'-re-um) [nosvapiov; dim. of kwpos, 
a cone]. The pineal gland. 

conation (ko-na'-shun) [conari, to endeavor]. The 
exertive power of the mind, including will and desire; 
a special act or exercise of the exertive power. 

concassation (kon-kas-a'-shun) [concassatio; con, 
together; cassare or quassare, to shake, to beat], 

1. The shaking of medicines, as in a bottle; the pul- 
verizing of drugs by beating. 2. Mental distress or 
affliction. 

concatenate (kon-kat'-en-dt) [L., con, together; 
catena, chain]. Linked together; such as enlarged 
lymph glands. 

Concato's disease (kon-kah'-to) [Luigi Maria 
Concato, Italian physician, 1825-1882]. Tubercu- 
losis affecting successively various serous membranes, 
terminating usually in pulmonary tuberculosis. 

concave (kon-kav') [con, together; cavus, hollow]. 
Hollow; incurved, as the inner surface of a hollow 
sphere. 

concavity (kon-kav' -it-e). A depression or fossa. 

concavoconvex (kon-ka-vo-kon-veks') . Having one 
surface concave, the other convex, the convexity 
exceeding the concavity. See lens, concavoconvex. 

concavum pedis [L.]. The hollow, or the arch of 
the sole of the foot. 

concavoconcave (kon-ka'-vo-kon'-kav) [concave]. 
Concave on both sides. See lens, biconcave. 

conceive (kon-sev') [concipere, to take in]. To 
become pregnant. 

concentrated (kon'-sen-tra-ted). Made stronger or 
purer. 

concentration (kon-sen-tra'-shun) [con, together; 
centrum, the center]. 1. The act of making denser, 
as of a mixture, by evaporating a -part of the liquid. 

2. Afflux toward a part. 3. The strength of a solu- 
tion. 4. The state of fixed and restricted attention. 

concentric (kon-sen-trik). Having a common 
center, c. hypertrophy of the heart, increase in the 
muscular texture of the heart, the capacity of the 
cavities remaining unchanged. 

concept (kon'-sepf) [conceptum, something under-, 
stood]. The subject of a mental conception. 



CONCEPTION 



243 



CONDYLOMA 



conception {kon-sep'-shun) [concipere, to conceive]. 

1. The fecundation of the ovum by the spermatozoon. 

2. The abstract mental idea of anything; the power 
or act of mentally conceiving, c, imperative, a false 
idea that a person dwells upon and cannot expel from 
his mind, even when he knows it to be absurd. It 
dominates his actions and is a symptom of insanity. 

concha (kong'-kah) [noyxv, a shell: pi., conches]. 

1. A shell. Applied to organs having some resem- 
blance to a shell, as the naris, vulva, etc. 2. The 
external ear. 3. The turbinated bone. c. auris, 
the hollow part of the external ear. c. inferior, the 
inferior turbinated bones, c. labyrinthi, the cochlea. 
c. media, the middle turbinated bone, c, Morgag- 
ni's, the superior turbinated bone of the ethmoid. 
c. superior, the superior turbinated bone, conchae 
turbinatae, the turbinated bones. 

conchinine (kon' -kin-en). See quinidine. 

conchitis (kong-ki'-tis) [kojxv, a shell; wis, inflam- 
mation]. Inflammation of the concha. 

conchoidal (kong-koi'-dal). Shell-like.; shaped like 
a cell. 

conchoscope (kong'-ko-skop) [concha; vKOTreZv, 
to inspect]. A speculum and mirror for inspecting 
the nasal cavity. 

conchotome (kong'-ko-tom) [concha; ro/xr), a cut- 
ting]. An instrument for the surgical removal of the 
turbinated bone. 

concoctio (kon-kok'-she-o) [L.]. Digestion, c. 
tarda. Synonym of dyspepsia. 

concoction (kon-kok'-shun) [concoquere, to boil 
together]. The act of boiling two substances to- 
gether. 

concomitant (kon-kom' -it-ant) [concomitari, to 
accompany]. Accompanying, c. strabismus. See 
under strabismus, c. symptoms, symptoms that are 
not in themselves essential to the course of a disease, 
but that may occur in association with the essential 
symptoms. 

concrement (kon'-kre-ment) [concrescere, to grow 
together]. A concretion. 

concrescence (kon-kres'-ens) [con, together; cres- 
cere, to grow]. 1. See concretion (3). 2. Held's 
term for the plunging of the terminal of one neuron 
deep into the cell-body of another, c. of teeth, a 
growing together of the roots of two teeth after 
complete development. 

concretion (kon-kre'-shun) [see concrescence]. 1. 
The solidification or condensation of a fluid sub- 
stance. 2. A calculus. 3. A union of parts nor- 
mally separate, as the fingers. 

concubitus (kon-ku'-bit-us) [concumbere, to lie 
together]. Copulation. 

concussion (kon-kush'-uri) [concussio, a violent 
shock]. Shock; the state of being shaken; a severe 
shaking or jarring of a part; also, the morbid state 
resulting from such a jarring, c. of the brain, a 
condition produced by a fall or blow on the head, 
and marked by unconsciousness, feeble pulse, cold 
skin, pallor, at times the involuntary discharge of 
feces and urine; this is followed by partial stupor, 
vomiting, and headache, and eventually recovery. 
In severe cases inflammation of the brain or a con- 
dition of feeble-mindedness may follow, c. of the 
labyrinth, deafness and tinnitus from a blow or an 
explosion, c. of the spinal cord, a condition caused 
by severe shock of the spinal column, with or without 
appreciable lesion of the cord. It leads to functional 
disturbances analogous to railway spine. 

concussor (kon-kus'-or) [concutere, to shake]. 
In massage, an apparatus for gently beating the 
part to be treated. 

condensability {kon-dens-ab-iV -it-e) [condensare,^ to 
condense]. Capacity for undergoing condensation. 

condensation (kon-den-sa'-shun) [condensare, to 
condense]. 1. Making more compact or dense. 

2. The changing of a gaseous substance to a liquid, 
or a liquid to a solid. 3. In chemistry, the union of 
two or more molecules by the linking of carbon- 
atoms and the formation of complicated carbon- 
chains. 4. The pathological hardening, with or 
without contraction, of a soft organ or tissue. 

condensed (kon-densd') [condensare, to make thick]. 
Made compact; reduced to a denser form. c. milk, 
milk that has had most of its watery elements 
evaporated. Condensed milk prepared with the 
addition of cane-sugar is a white or yellowish-white 
product of about the consistence of honey, and 
ranging in specific gravity from 1.25 to 1.41. It 
should be completely soluble in 4 or 5 times its bulk 



of water, without separation of any flocculent residue, 
and then possess the taste of fresh, sweetened milk. 
Condensed milk prepared without the addition of 
cane-sugar is not boiled down to the same degree, 
and therefore remains liquid. 

condenser (kon-den'-ser). 1. A lens or combination 
of lenses used in microscopy for gathering and 
concentrating rays of light. See Abbe's condenser. 
2. An apparatus for condensing gases. 3. An ap- 
paratus for the accumulation of electricity. 

condiment (kon'-dim-ent) [condimentum, spice]. 
Spice, sauce, or other appetizing ingredients used with 
food. 

condom, (kon'-dum) [corruption of Conton, English 
physician 18th century, said to be the inventor]. A 
sheath worn over the penis during copulation for 
the purpose of preventing conception or infection. 

conductance (kon-duk'-tans). The ratio of an 
electric current through a conductor to the electro- 
motive force. 

conductibility {kon-dukt-i-bil'-e-te) [see conductor]. 
1. Capacity for being conducted. 2. Conductivity; 
conducting power, c, centrifugal, the power of 
carrying centrifugal impulses from the nervous 
centers to the periphery, c, centripetal, the power 
of conducting centripetal impulses from the peri- 
phery to the nervous centers. 

conduction (kon-duk'-shun) [see conductor]. The 
passage or transfer of force or material from one 
part to another, c.-resistance, the resistance en- 
countered by an electric current in passing through a 
circuit. 

conductivity (kon-duk-tiv'-it-e). The capacity for 
conducting. 

conductor (kon-duk'-tor) [conducere, to draw to- 
gether]. 1. A body that transmits force-vibrations, 
such as those of heat or electricity. 2. A term 
applied to the electrodes and cords by which they 
are joined to the battery. 3. An instrument serving 
as a guide for the surgeon's knife. 4. In physiology, 
any part of the nervous system that transmits 
impulses, c, sonorous, a term applied to certain 
nerve-fibers which interlace with the auditory striae. 

condurangin (kon-du-ran'-jin) [condurango]. A 
mixture of glucosides from condurango bark, occur- 
ring as an amorphous yellow powder of an aromatic 
bitter taste, soluble in water, alcohol, and chloro- 
form. It is used as a stomachic and astringent in 
gastric cancer and chronic dyspepsia. Dose T \Hf 8 r - 
(0.006-0.016 Gm.) 3 times daily. 

condurango bark (kon-du-ran'-go) [Peruvian]. 
Bark of Gonolobus tetragonus or of Conglobus con- 
durango; a remedy much used in South America as 
an alterative in syphilis. It was introduced into 
the United States as a remedy for carcinoma of the 
stomach, but yielded uncertain results. It is a 
stomachic tonic. Dose of the fluidextract |-i dr. 
(2-4 Cc.) ; of the tincture 1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc.) 

Condy's fluid Qzon'-de) [Henry Bollmann Condy, 
English physician, 19th century]. One part of 
sodium or potassium permanganate dissolved in 500 
parts of water; it is a useful disinfectant. 

condylar (kon'-dil-ar) [condyle]. Pertaining to a 
condyle. 

condylarthrosis (fion-dil-ar-thro'-sis) [condyle; ap- 
dpov, a joint]. A form of diarthrosis wherein a 
condyle is set in a shallow and elliptic cavity and 
free and varied movement of the joint is possible; 
condylar articulation. 

condyle (kon'-dil) [k6i>8v\os, a knuckle]. Any 
rounded eminence such as occurs in the joints of 
many of the bones, especially the femur, humerus, 
and lower jaw. 

condylectomy (kon-dil-ek'-to-me) [condyle; iKTon-q, 
excision]. Excision of a condyle. 

condylion (kon-dil'-e-on) [condyle]. In crani- 
ometry, the point at the lateral tip of the condyle 
of the jaw. 

condyloid (kon'-dil-oid) [condyle; eUos, likeness]. 
Resembling or pertaining to a condyle. 

condyloma (kon-dil-o'-mah) [KovSiiXco/ia, a swelling: 
pi., condylomata]. A wart-like growth or tumor 
usually near the anus or pudendum, c. acuminatum, 
the pointed condyloma or wart of the genital organs, 
often of non-syphilitic origin. Syn., acrothymion; 
acrothymiosis. c. endocysticum, c. endofolliculare, 
c. porcelaneum, c. subcutaneum. See molluscum 
contagiosum. c. latum, the flat, broad, moist syphilid 
or mucous patch. Syn., papula madidans. Cf. 
c. acuminatum, c, syphilitic, c. syphiliticum. See 



CONDYLOMATOUS 



244 



CONIDIUM 



c. latum, c, thymic, condyloma that assumes the 
form of a papilloma; so called from its resemblance 
to thyme-blossoms. 

condylomatous (kon-dil-o'-mat-us). Of the nature 
of a condyloma. 

condylosis (kon-dil-o'-sis). The formation of a 
condyloma. 

condylotomy (kon-dil-ot'-o-me) [condyle; rkpveiv, 
to cut]. Extra-articular osteotomy; a division 
through the condyles of a bone. 

condylus (kon'-di-lus) [L.: pi., condyli]. Condyle. 
c. lateralis, lateral condyle, outer condyle, or external 
tuberosity, c. medialis, medial condyle, inner 
condyle, or internal tuberosity, c. occipitalis, occi- 
pital condyle. 

cone, conus (kon, ko'-nus) [kuvos, a cone], i. A solid 
body having a circle for its base, and terminating in 
a point. 2. The mechanical element of the tooth- 
crown. 3. See conus. c, antipodal, in mitosis the 
cone of astral rays opposite the spindle-fibers, c- 
bipolars, bipolar cells of the inner nuclear layer of 
the retina, connected with the cones of the retina 
externally and ramifying internally in the middle of 
the molecular layer, c.-element, a cell of the sensory 
or nerve epithelium of the retina, consisting of a 
conic tapering external part, the cone proper, pro- 
longed into a nucleated enlargement from the farther 
side of which the cone-fiber passes inward to terminate 
by an expanded arborization in the outer molecular 
layer, c.-fiber, one of the fibers of the retinal 
cones, c.-foot, one of the bulbous processes of the 
cone-granules of the retina, c, graduated, a cone- 
shaped body used for measuring the size of orifices 
of vessels, etc., especially in post-mortem examina- 
tions, c.-granules, those of the outer nuclear layer 
of the retina, connected with the cones of the ninth 
layer externally, and internally by a thick process 
which becomes bulbous (the cone-foot); they ter- 
minate in fine fibers in the outer molecular layer. 
Cf . rod-granules, c. of light, the triangular reflection 
from the normal tympanic membrane; also the 
bundle of light-rays entering the pupil and forming 
the retinal image, c, retinal, one of the rod-like 
bodies which, with the associated rods, forms one 
of the outer layers of the retina, the so-called rod- 
and-cone layer, c. spermatic, one of the series of 
cones forming the head of the epididymis, and com- 
posed of the coiled efferent tubules. 

conessi bark (kon-es'-e). The bark of Wrightia 
zeylanica, and of Holarrhena africana, apocynaceous 
shrubs or trees of India and Africa. It is extensively 
used in India in dysentery and as an antiperiodic. 
Syn., tellicherry bark. 

conessine (kon-es'-in). See Wrightine. 

confectio (kon-fek'-she-o) [L.; gen., confectionis]. 
Official name for any confection, q. v. c. Damocratis. 
See mithridate. 

confection (kon-fek'-shun) [confectio, a preparation]. 
In pharmacy, a mass of sugar and water, or of 
honey, used as an excipient with a prescribed medi- 
cinal substance. 

confectioner's disease. A disease of the finger- 
nails occurring in confectioners. The nail loses its 
polish and becomes black, and the periungual por- 
tion becomes loosened and raised. 

confertus (kon-fer'-tus) [confercire, to press close 
together]. Pressed together, dense, crowded; applied 
to cutaneous eruptions. 

configuration (kon-fig-u-ra'-shun) [configurare, to 
form after something]. In chemistry, a term 
designating the "constitution" or "structure" of the 
molecule. 

confinement (kon-ftn'-ment) [con, together; finis, 
boundary; limit]. The condition of women during 
childbirth. 

confirmatory ikon-fir' -mat-or-e) [confirmare, to 
confirm]. Confirming, c. incision, an abdominal sec- 
tion, made to confirm a diagnosis, as in case of ma- 
lignant disease of the ovary, uterus, peritoneum, etc. 

confluens sinuum (kon'-fiu-enz sin'-u-um) [L.]. 
Confluence of the sinuses; the torcular Herophili. 

confluent (kon'-fiu-eni) [confluere, to flow together]. 
Running together. The opposite of discrete. In 
anatomy, coalesced or blended; applied to two or 
more bones originally separate, but subsequently 
formed into one. 

confocal (kon-fo'-kal). Having the same focus. 

conformator (kon-for-ma'-tor) [Fr., conformateur]. 
A form of cephalograph used in determining the 
outlines of the skull in craniometry. 



confrontation (kon-fron-ta'-shun) [confrontari, to be 
contiguous to]. The examination of a person by 
whom a diseased person may have been infected as a 
means of diagnosing the disease in the latter. 

confusion (kon-fu'-zhun) [com, together; f under e, 
to pour]. Mixing; confounding, c. colors, a set 
of colors so chosen that they cannot be distinguished 
by one who is color-blind, c. letters, test-type letters, 
such as C, G, O, or F, P, T, liable to be mistaken for 
one another. 

cong. Abbreviation for Latin congius, a gallon. 

congelation (kon-jel-a'-shun) [congelatio, a freezing]. 
1. Freezing; frost-bite; intense cold or its effect on 
the animal economy or any organ or part. 2. The 
chilling or benumbing effect of any freezing-mixture 
or application; mainly employed for its local anes- 
thetic effect. 3. Coagulation. 

congener (kon'-jen-er) [L., of the same race]. 
1. Belonging to the same genus; closely allied. 2. A 
congenerous muscle. 

congenerous (kon-jen'-er-us) [congener, of the same 
race]. Of the same genus, c. diseases, allied dis- 
eases, c. muscles, muscles producing one action. 

congenital (kon-jen'-it-al) [congenitus, born with]. 
Existing at birth. 

congested (kon-jes'-ted). In a state of congestion. 

congestion (kon-jes'-chun) [congerere, to heap up]. 
An abnormal collection of blood in a part or organ. 
Congestion may be active or passive, atonic or 
inflammatory, functional or hypostatic. It is also 
named from the parts affected; the most important 
varieties of morbid congestion are the cerebral, 
spinal, pulmonary, hepatic, and renal, c, pleuro- 
pulmonary, c, pulmonary, Potain's type of, congestion 
of the lungs marked by symptoms similar to those of 
pleurisy. 

congestive (kon-jes'-tiv) [congestion]. Marked by, 
due to, or of the nature of congestion, c. fever, 
malarial fever. 

congius {kon-je'-us) [L.: pi., congii]. A fluid 
measure; a gallon. 

conglobate (kon-glo'-bat) [con, together; globare, 
to make into a globe]. Rounded, c. glands, the 
absorbent or lymphatic glands. See gland. 

conglomerate (kon-glom'-er-at) [conglomerare, to 
heap up]. 1. Massed together; aggregated^ 2. A 
mass of units without order, c. glands, acinous 
glands. 

conglutin (kon-glu' -tin) [con, together; gluten, 
glue]. One of the proteids found in almonds, peas, 
beans, and other kinds of pulse. 

conglutinant (kon-glu' -tin-ant) [conglutinare, to 
glue together]. Adhesive; promoting union, as of 
the edges of a wound. 

conglutination (kon-glu-tin-a'-shun) [conglutinare, 
to glue together]. The abnormal union of two 
contiguous surfaces or bodies, as of two fingers, or of 
the opposed surfaces of the pleural or pericardial sac. 

conglutinin (kon-glu' -tin-in). That substance in 
serum which causes conglutination; it is easily pre- 
cipitated and is non-specific. 

Congo red. A red coloring-matter which becomes 
blue in the presence of free HC1. It is used in the 
chemical investigation of the gastric juice, c. root, 
the root of Psoralea melilotoides, a leguminous herb 
of the United States. It is an aromatic bitter tonic, 
recommended in chronic diarrhea. 

congress (kong'-gres) [congressus, a meeting to- 
gether]. An assemblage for deliberative purpose. 
c, sexual, coitus, or carnal intercourse. 

conhydrine (kon-hi'-drin) [kuvuov, hemlock; 
iidup, water], CsHnNO. A solid alkaloid of conium, 
an oxyconine occurring in pearly, iridescent, white, 
foliaceous crystals, with a faint, conine-like odor, and 
melting at 121 C. and distilling at 226 . c. pseudo-, 
C8H17NO, white acicular crystals obtained from 
crude coniine soluble in water, alcohol, benzene, ether, 
and chloroform; melt at 98 C. and boil at 230 - 
232 C. 

coni vasculosi (ko'-ni vas-ku-lo'-si). A series of 
conical masses of tubules that together form the 
globus major of the epididymis. 

conic, conical (kon'-ik, kon'-ik-al) [cone]. Cone- 
shaped, c. cornea. See keratoglobus. 

conicine (kon'-is-in). See coniine. 

conidia (ko-nid'-e-ah) [L.]. Plural of conidium. 

conidial (ko-nid'-e-al) [conidium]. Pertaining to, 
or of the nature of a conidium. 

conidium (ko-nid'-e-um) [«6m, dust; ISiov, dim. 
suffix; pi., conidia]. In biology, the deciduous 



CONIDIOPHORE 



245 



CONSENSUS 



asexual spores of certain fungi. Also called basidio- 
spore and acrospore. 

conidiophore (ko-nid'-e-o-for) [conidium; <}>kpeiv, to 
bear]. The mycelial thread of a fungus which carries 
the conidia. 

conidiospore (ko-nid'-e-o-spor) [conidium; spore]. 
Same as conidium. 

coniine (ko'-ne-in). See conine and conium. 

coniism (ko'-ne-izm) [conium]. Poisoning by 
conium. It begins with paralysis of the legs, which 
extends to the arms and respiratory muscles, leading 
to unconsciousness and death. 

conine (ko'-nen) [conium], CsHisN. A liquid 
alkaloid which is the active principle of conium. 
Dose sWV gr- (0.001-0.006 Gm.). Unof. c, 
animal. See cadaverin. c. hydrobromide, C5H9- 
(C3H7), recommended in spasmodic affections. 
Dose 35—1V gr. (0.002-0.004 Gm.). All preparations 
are of uncertain strength, c. hydrochloride, CsHn- 
•NHC1, the principal salt of conine, is used as is conine 
hydrobromide. 

coniosis (ko-ne-o'-sis). See koniosis. 

conium (ko-ne'-um) [kujvelop, hemlock]. Hemlock. 
Both the leaves and the fruit are official in the B. P. 
The conium of the U. S. P. is the full-grown but unripe 
fruit of the spotted hemlock, C. maculatum. It con- 
tains three alkaloids and a volatile oil. Its proper- 
ties are mainly due to the alkaloids conine, CsHisN, 
and methylconine, CsHuNCHs. It produces motor 
paralysis, without loss of sensation or of conscious- 
ness. Toxic doses cause death by paralysis of the 
organs of respiration. It is valuable in acute mania, 
delirium tremens, tetanus, blepharospasm, asthma, 
and whooping-cough, conii, abstractum, made 
from conium, 200; dilute hydrochloric acid, 6; sugar 
of milk and alcohol, q. s. to make 100 parts of ab- 
stract. Dose J-3 gr. (0.032-0.2 Gm.). conii, 
cataplasma (B. P.), made from the leaves; for ex- 
ternal use. conii, fluidextractum (U. S. P.). Dose 
1-2 min. (0.065-0.13 Cc). conii, pilula, composita 
(B. P.), contains extract of hemlock and ipecac. 
Dose 5-10 gr. (0.32-0.65 Gm.). conii, succus (B. 
P.), made from the leaves. Dose 30 min.-2 dr. (2-8 
Cc). conii, tinctura, 15 % strength. Dose 10 min- 
1 dr. (0.65-4.0 Cc). conii, vapor (B. P.), for inhala- 
tions. 

conjugal (kon'-ju-gal) [con, together; jugare, to 
yoke]. Pertaining to marriage; affecting both 
husband and wife. c. diabetes, diabetes affecting 
husband and wife together; this is said to be not in- 
frequently observed. 

conjugate (kon'-ju-gat) [see conjugal]. 1. Yoked 
or coupled. 2. The anteroposterior diameter of the 
brim of the pelvis, the plane of the brim being 
regarded as an ellipse, c, anatomical. See conjugate 
(2). c. deviation. See deviation, conjugate, c. 
diameter (of the pelvis). See conjugate (2), and di- 
ameter, pelvic. c. foci, two foci which are inter- 
changeable, c, obstetrical, c, true, the minimum 
diameter of the pelvic inlet. 

conjugation (kon-ju-ga'-shun). 1. A form of re- 
production or cell-division. 2. The process in which 
two protozoa come together and exchange materials. 
c. nucleus, the segmentation-nucleus. 

conjunctiva (kon-junk-ti'-vah) [conjunctivus, con- 
necting]. The mucous membrane covering the 
anterior portion of the globe of the eye, reflected 
upon the lids and extending to their free edges. Its 
parts are called palpebral and bulbar or ocular. 
c, bulbar, c, ocular, that covering the anterior 
third of the eyeball, from the retrotarsal fold to 
the margin of the cornea, c, palpebral, the con- 
junctiva of the eyelid, c. reaction. Same as 
ophthalmo-reaction. 

conjunctival (kon-junk'-tiv-al, or kon-junk-ti'-val) 
[conjunctivus, connecting]. Relating to the con- 
junctiva. 

conjunctivitis (kon-junk-liv-i'-tis) [conjunctiva; ins, 
inflammation]. Inflammation of the conjunctiva. 
Syn., ophthalmia externa; ophthalmia mucosa, c, 
catarrhal, c, catarrhal, acute, the most common form, 
usually mild, resulting from cold or irritation. See 
ophthalmia, c. catarrhalis aestiva. See vernal con- 
junctivitis, c, contagious, acute, that due to the 
presence of Bacterium agypticum. See trachoma. 
c, croupous, a variety associated with the formation 
of a whitish-gray membrane that is easily removed. 
c, diphtheritic, a specific purulent inflammation of 
the conjunctiva due to the Klebs-Loeffler bacillus. 
c, Egyptian. See trachoma, c, follicular, a form 



characterized by numerous round, pinkish bodies 
found in the retrotarsal fold, c, gonorrheal, a 
severe form of purulent conjunctivitis caused by 
infection with gonococci. c. granulosa. See tra- 
choma, c, hemorrhagic. See pink-eye. c, hyper- 
trophic, c. hypertrophica, chronic catarrhal con- 
junctivitis attended with enlargement of the con- 
junctival papilla?, c, lacrimal, a form due to the 
presence of irritating secretion from the conducting 
part of the lacrimal apparatus, c, lithiasis, irri- 
tation of the conjunctiva due to deposition of cal- 
careous matter in the tissue of the palpebral con- 
junctiva, c, phlyctenular, a form characterized 
by the presence on the ocular conjunctiva of small 
vesicles surrounded by a reddened zone, c, puru- 
lent, conjunctivitis characterized by a thick, creamy 
discharge, c, subacute, redness and thickening of 
the conjunctiva, largely confined to the conjunctiva 
of the lids and fornices, a scanty secretion of mucus, 
with some pus-corpuscles, due to the presence of 
a bacillus. _ 

conjunctivoma (kon-junk-tiv-o'-mah) [conjunctiva; 
8fia, tumor]. A tumor consisting of conjunctival 
tissue; it occurs on the eyelid. 

connate (kon'-at). 1. Congenital. 2. United; 
confluent. 

connection {kon-ek'-shun) [connectere, to connect]. 
Sexual intercourse. 

connective (kon-ek'-tiv). Connecting, binding. 
c. tissue, the binding tissue of the body; see tissue. 

connectivum (kon-nek-ti'-vum) [L.j. A connective 
tissue. 

Connell's suture (kon'-el) [F. Gregory Connell, 
American surgeon, 1864- ]. A suture used in 
circular enterorrhaphy. 

connivens (kon-i'-venz). 1. See connivent. 2. Ar- 
ranged in circular folds; e. g., valvulce conniventes. 

connivent (kon-i'-vent) [connivere, to wink at]. 
In botany converging toward each other; applied to 
stamens that converge above, as those of the violet. 

conoid, conoidal (ko'-noid, ko-noi'-dal) [k&vos, 
cone; eldos, shape]. Of a conical shape, c. body, 
the pineal gland, c. ligament, the lower and inner 
part of the coracoclavicular ligament, c. tubercle, 
the eminence on the inferior surface of the clavicle 
to which the conoid ligament is attached. 

conomyoidin (ko-no-mi-oi'-din) [kwvos, cone; /iOs, 
muscle; elSos, form]. A contractile protoplasmic 
material found in the cones of the retina. 

conquassant (kon-kwas'-ant) [conquassare, to shake 
severely]. Very severe (applied chiefly to labor- 
pains at the acme of their intensity). 

conquinamine (kon-kwin'-a-men). An alkaloid of 
cuprea-bark. 

Conradi-Drigalski medium (kon-rah'-de dre-gal'- 
ske). 100 cc of lactose litmus agar is liquefied 
by heat and 1 cc of a solution of crystal violet added 
(crystal violet 0.1. gram, distilled water 100 cc). 
Typhoid colonies growing on this medium are pink, 
while those of colon bacillus are bluish-gray. 

Conradi's line (kon-rah'-de) [Andrew Christian 
Conradi, Norwegian physician, -1869]. A line 

drawn from the base of the xiphoid process to the 
point of the apex-beat, marking, under normal 
conditions, the upper limit of percussion-dulness of 
the left lobe of the liver. 

consanguineous (kon-san-gwin'-e-us) [consanguin- 
eus, of the same blood]. Related by a common 
parentage. 

consanguinity (kon-san-gwin' -it-e) [con, together; 
sanguinis, of blood]. The relationship arising 
from common parentage; blood-relationship. 

consciousness {kon' -shus-nes) [conscius, knowing]. 
The state of being aware of one's own existence, 
of one's own mental states, and of the impressions 
made upon one's senses; ability to take cognizance 
of sensations, c, double, that morbid condition in 
which there are two separate and alternating states 
of mental consciousness, in either one of which the 
events that have occurred in the other state are not 
remembered by the patient. 

consenescence (kon-sen-es' -ens) [consenescere, to 
grow old]. The state or condition of growing old. 

consensual (kon-sen' -su-al) [consensus, agreement]. 
Excited reflexly by stimulation of another part, 
usually a fellow organ, as the consensual reaction of 
one pupil when the iris of the other eye is stimulated. 

consensus {kon-sen' -sus) [L.]. Agreement. Gen- 
eral harmonious action of different organs in effecting 
a purpose. 



CONSENT 



246 



CONTRACTION 



consent (kon-senf) [consentire, to agree]. In 
forensic medicine, this term signifies willing partici- 
pation in unnatural or illegal intercourse. 

conserva, or conserve (kon-ser'-vah, or con-serv') 
[conservare, to keep]. A confection, q. v. 

conservancy (kon-ser'-van-se) [conservare, to keep]. 
Public conservation of health or of things that make 
for health; the sum of hygienic or preservative legis- 
lation. 

conservation (kon-ser-va'-shun) [conservare, to 
keep]. Preservation without loss. c. of energy. 
See under energy. 

conservative (kon-ser'-vat-iv) [conservare, to keep]. 
Aiming at the preservation and restoration of 
injured parts; as conservative surgery or dentistry. 

consistence (kon-sis'-tens). Degree of density, or 
hardness. 

consolidant, consolidating (kon-sol' -id-ant, kon- 
sol-id-a' -ting) [consolidare, to make firm]. Tending 
to heal or promoting the healing of wounds or frac- 
tures; favoring cicatrization. 

consolidation (kon-sol-id-a'-shun) [consolidare, to 
make firm]. The process of becoming firm or solid, 
as a lung in pneumonia. 

consomme (kon'-so-ma) [French]. A clear, strong 
soup of meat and vegetable, freed from fat. 

consonant, consonating (kon'-so-nant, kon-so-na'- 
ting) [con, together; sonare, to sound]. Applied to 
pulmonary sounds heard on auscultation which 
sound in unison with some other sound. 

constant (kon'-stant) [constans, steady]. Fixed, 
not changing, c. battery, c. cell, c. element, one 
yielding a constant current, c. current, an unin- 
terrupted current, one that goes continuously in one 
direction. 

constipation (kon-stip-a'-shun) [constipare, to 
crush tightly together]. A condition in which the 
bowels are evacuated at long intervals or with 
difficulty; costiveness. 

constitutio (kon-sti-tu'-she-o) . See constitution. 
c. lymphatica, Paltauf 's term for a pathological con- 
dition marked by hyperplasia of the entire lymphatic 
system, including the thymus gland, and frequently 
by a hyperplasia of the vascular system, and, in 
females, of the genital organs. 

constitution (kon-stit-u'-shun) [constituere, to dis- 
pose]. In chemistry, the atomic or molecular com- 
position of a body, together with the relation which 
the atoms bear to each other. In pharmacy, the 
composition of a substance. In physiology, the 
general temperament and functional condition of the 
body. 

constitutional (kon-stit-u'-shun-al). Pertaining to 
the state of the constitution, c. diseases, such 
diseases as are inherent, owing to an abnormal 
structure of the body. Also, a condition in which 
the disease pervades the whole system. General 
diseases, in contradistinction to local. 

constrict (kon-strikt'). To draw together in one 
part. 

constrictor (kon-strik'-tor) [constringere, to bind 
together]. Any muscle that contracts or tightens 
any part of the body. See under muscle, c. isthmi 
faucium. See palatoglossus, in muscles, table of. 

constringent {kon-strin'-jent) [constringere, to con- 
strict]. Same as astringent, q. v. 

constructive (kon-struk'-tiv) [construere, to build 
up]. Relating to the process of construction; 
anabolic. 

consultant (kon-sul'-tant) [consultare, to take 
counsel]. A consulting physician; one summoned by 
the physician in attendance to give counsel in a case. 

consultation (kon-sul-ta'-shun) [consultare, to take 
counsel]. A deliberation between two or more 
physicians concerning the diagnosis of the disease of 
a patient and the proper method of treatment. 

consumption ikon-sump' -shun) [consumere, to 
consume or wear away]. A wasting away, especially 
a wasting disease like tuberculosis, particularly 
pulmonary tuberculosis or tuberculosis of the bowels. 

consumptive (kon-sump'-tiv) [consumere, to con- 
sume or wear away], i. Of the nature of tubercu- 
losis. 2. One afflicted with pulmonary tuberculosis. 

contact (kon'-takt) [contactus, a touching], i. A 
touching. 2. A person who has been exposed to a 
contagious disease, c.-action, catalysis, c.-bed, 
a large open basin containing a layer of coke or 
cinders, for the purification of sewage by bringing it 
into contact with bacteria which set up rapid decom- 
position and destruction of the organic matter. Cf. 



septic tank, c.-breaker, an instrument by means \ 
of which a galvanic circuit is broken, c. lenses, 
in optics, a glass shell the concavity of which is in 
contact with the globe of the eye, a layer of liquid 
being interposed between the lens and the cornea. 
c. series, a series of metals ranged in such an order 
that each becomes positively electrified by contact 
with the one that follows it. c.-substance, a catalyst. 

contactile, or contactual (kon-tak'-til, or kon-tak'~ 
tu-al) [contactus, contact], i. Tactile. 2. Due to or 
spreading by actual contact. 

contagion (Jkon-ta'-jun) [c&ntingere, to touch], 
i. The process by which a specific disease is com- 
municated from one person to another, either by 
direct contact or by means of an intermediate agent. 
2. The specific germ or virus from which a com- 
municable disease develops. 

contagious (kon-ta'-jus) [contagion]. Communic- 
able or transmissible by contagion or by a specific 
contagium. 

contagium (kon-ta'-je-um) [L.]. Any virus or 
morbific matter by means of which a communicable 
disease is transmitted from the sick to the well. 
c. animatum, c. vivum ("living contagium"), any 
living vegetable or animal organism that causes the 
spread of an infectious disease. 

contemplative (kon-tem'-pla-tiv). A person who 
induces a sexual orgasm by an act of the imagina- 
tion. 

contiguity (kon-tig-u' -it-e) [contingere]. Proximity. 
c, amputation in the, one performed at a joint, 
without section of a bone, c, solution of, separation 
of parts are normally in contact, such as dislocation. 

contiguous (kon-tig'-u-us). In contact, or adja- 
cent. 

continence (kon'-ti-nens) [continere, to hold to- 
gether]. Self-restraint, especially in regard to the 
sexual passion. 

continued (kon-tin'-ud) [continuere, to make 
continuous]. Persisted in. c. fever, a fever that is 
long continued, without intermissions. 

continuity {kon-tin-u' -it-e) [com, together; tenere, 
to hold]. The state of being continuous or unin- 
terrupted, c, amputation in the, amputation in 
which a bone is divided, c, solution of, division of a 
tissue by traumatism, inflammation, or disease; 
such as fracture, incision. 

contortion (kon-tor'-shun) [contorquere, to twist]. 
A twisting or writhing, as of the body. 

contour (kon'-toor) [Fr., contour, circuit], i. The 
line that bounds, defines, or terminates a figure. 
2. In operative dentistry, to effect the restoration 
of lost parts of teeth by building them up with gold, 
etc. c.-fillings, in dentistry fillings in which the 
material is so built out as to restore the lost portion 
of the crown of the tooth; distinguished from plane 
or flush-fillings. 

contoured {kon'-toor d). Of a bacterial culture, 
one that has an irregular but smoothly undulating 
surface, like that of a relief map. 

contra-aperture (kon-trah-ap'-er-chur). A counter- 
opening. 

contraceptive (kon-trah-sep'-tiv) [contra, against; 
conception]. An agent which prevents conception. 

contract (kon-trakf) [contrahere, to draw together], 
i. To draw the parts together; to shrink. 2. To 
acquire by contagion. 

contractile (kon-trak'-til) [contrahere, to contract]. 
Having the power or tending to contract. 

contractility (kon-trak-til'-it-e) [see contract]. That 
property of certain tissues, especially muscle, of 
shortening upon the application of a stimulus. 
c, faradic. See galvanofaradization. c, galvanic. 
See galvanocontractility. c, idiomuscular, that 
peculiar to degenerated muscles, c, neuromuscular, 
normal contractility as distinguished from idio- 
muscular contractility. 

contractio praevia (kon-trak'-she-o pre'-ve-ah). Nar- 
rowing of the lower segment of the uterus in front 
of the descending fetus. 

contraction (kon-trak'-shun) . [see contract]. Ap- 
proximation of the elements of a tissue or organ, 
thus diminishing its volume or contents, c, anodal 
closing, c, anodal opening, the contraction taking 
place at the anode on closing or opening the circuit. 
c, carpopedal, a variety of tetany occurring in 
infants, generally associated with dentition or seat- 
worms. There is a flexing of the fingers, toes, 
elbows, and knees and a general tendency to con- 
vulsions, c, cathodal duration, one occurring at the 



CONTRACTOR 



247 



CONVEX 



cathode and continuing during the whole time of 
closure of the circuit. Syn., cathodal-closure tetanus. 
o, clonic, alternate muscular contraction and relax- 
ation, c, closing, muscular contraction produced 
at the instant that the electric current is closed. 
c, Dupuytren's. See under Dupuytren. o, fibril- 
lary, inordinate contraction of different muscle 
fibrillae in a muscle, c, front-tap, a phenomenon 
often observed in cases with exaggerated knee-jerk. 
When the foot is placed at a right angle to the leg 
and the muscles of the front of the leg are tapped, 
the foot is extended. See under reflex, o, Gowers'. 
See c, front-tap. c, hour-glass, a contraction of an 
organ, as the stomach or uterus, at the middle. 
c, idiomuscular, muscular contraction from direct 
stimulation, c. isometric, one showing mainly the 
changes in tension in a muscle, without any marked 
shortening, c, isotonic, contraction of a muscle, 
its tension remaining the same throughout the act. 
c, myoclonic, the convulsive spasmodic contraction of 
a muscle, c, opening, the muscular contraction pro- 
duced by opening or breaking the circuit, c, palmar, 
Dupuytren's contraction, c, paradoxic, a phenome- 
non that consists in the contraction of a muscle, 
caused by the passive approximation of its extremi- 
ties, c.-remainder, the stage of elastic after- 
vibration or residual contraction persisting in a muscle 
after withdrawal of the stimulus, c.-ring, the boun- 
dary-line between the upper and lower segments of 
the parturient uterus, c, tonic. See spasm, tonic. 
c, vermicular, peristaltic contraction. 

contractor {kon-trakt'-or). A tensor muscle. 

contracture (kon-trak'-chur) [contraction]. Con- 
traction; permanent shortening, as of a muscle; 
distortion or deformity due to the shortening of a 
muscle or of various muscles, c, functional, one 
that ceases when the person is unconscious, c, 
nurse's. See nurse's contracture, c, organic, one 
that persists even when the person is unconscious. 
c, Thomsenean, that occurring in Thomsen's disease. 
c, Volkmann's. See under Volkmann. 

contradolin (kon-trad'-ol-in)'. A compound of 
acetamide, salicylic acid, and phenol; analgesic. 
Dose 4-8 gr. (0.25-0.5 Gm.) hourly. 
_ contrafissura (kon-trah-fis-su'-rah) [contra, oppo- 
site to; fissura, a fissure]. Cranial fissure or fracture 
produced by a blow upon the skull at a point distant 
from or opposite to the seat of the fracture. 

contraindicant (kon-trah-in'-dik-ant) [contra, op- 
posed to; indicare, to indicate]. 1. Having the 
effect of a contraindication. 2. A symptom, indi- 
cation, or condition that forbids the use of a particular 
remedial measure or set of measures. 

contraindication (kon-trah-in-dik-a'-shun) [contra, 
against; indicare, to point out]. That modifying 
condition in which a remedy or a method of treat- 
ment is forbidden. 

_ contralateral (kon-trah-lat'-er-al) [contra; latus, 
side]. Opposite; applied to a muscle acting in 
unison with another on the opposite side of the body. 
c. reflexes. See under reflex. 

contraluesin (kon-tra-lu'-es-in) [contra: lues]. A 
preparation consisting of a mixture of sozoiodolate of 
mercury, quinine, and salicylic acid, the mercury 
being in such a finely divided state that it can enter 
directly into the blood-stream; it is given by intra- 
muscular injection in doses of 0.15 gram of mercury 
every five days. 

contrast stain (kon'-trast) [contra, against; stare, 
to stand]. A double stain, in which the special 
object to be examined takes one color, and everything 
else another color. 

contrastimulant (kon-trah-stim'-u-lant) [contra, 
against; stimulare, to stimulate]. 1. Counteracting 
the effect of a stimulus; depressing; sedative. 2. A 
sedative remedy. 

contrastimulus, or controstimulus (kon-trah-stim'- 
u-lus, or kon-tro-stim' -u-lus) [contra, against; stimulus, 
a stimulus]. An influence that is opposed, or acts 
in opposition, to a stimulus. 

contratoxin (kon-trat'-oks-in) [contra; toxin]. A 
vaccine serum used in the treatment of tuberculosis. 
It is a mixture of the blood plasma of various animals, 
mixed in proportions calculated to produce a lytic 
action on various microorganisms without producing 
lysis of the human red corpuscles. 

contre-coup (kon-tr-koo) [Fr.]. Counter-stroke. 
The transmission of a shock from the point struck 
to a point on the opposite side of the body or the 
part. 



contrectation (kon-trek-ta'-shun) [contreclatio; con- 
irectare, to touch]. 1. Digital examination; palpa- 
tion; touch; manipulation, as in massage. 2. The 
impulse to approach and caress a person of the 
opposite sex (H. Ellis.). 

control (kon-lrol') [contra; rotula, a roll]. A stand- 
ard by which to check observations and insure the 
validity of their results. Colloquially, the term is 
sometimes used as a noun for control animal or con- 
trol experiment, c. animal, one used in a control 
experiment, c. experiment, an experiment carried 
out under normal or common circumstances or 
conditions, to serve as a standard whereby to test 
the variation or value of another experiment carried 
out under peculiar or abnormal circumstances. 

controller (kon-trol'-er). An apparatus for regu- 
lating the electric current to the. operation of small 
lamps, faradic coils, small motors., etc 

contunding (kon-tund'-ing) [see contusion]. Pro- 
ducing a contusion; bruising. 

contusion (kon-tii'-zhun) [contundere, to bruise]. 
A bruise or injury inflicted without the integument 
being broken, c.-pneumonia, a form of pneumonia 
following traumatism. 

conus (ko'~nus) [k&vos, a cone]. 1. A cone. 
2. A crescentic patch of atrophic choroid tissue near 
the optic papilla in myopia, c. arteriosus, the cone- 
shaped eminence of the right ventricle of the heart, 
whence arises the pulmonary artery, c. cochleae, 
the modiolus, c. cordis, the ventricular part of the 
heart, c. corporis striati, the ventral extremity of 
the corpus striatum, c. elasticus, the cricothyroid 
membrane, coni Malpighii, c. tubulosi, the Mal- 
pighian pyramids, c. medullar is, the cone-like 
termination of the spinal cord, continuous as the 
filum terminale. coni retinae. See cone, retinal. 
c. terminalis. See c. medullaris. coni testiculi. 
See coni vasculosi. coni vasculosi, a series of conical 
masses that together form the globus major of the 
epididymis. 

convalescence (kon-val-es'-ens) [convalescere, to 
become well]. A term_ applied to the restoration to 
health after disease. 

convalescent (kon-val-es'-ent) [convalescere, to 
become well]. 1. One < recovering from a sickness. 
2. Recovering from sickness. 

convallamaretin {kon-val-am-ar'-e-tin), C20H36O8. 
A crystalline substance* obtained by heating conval- 
lamarin with dilute sulphuric acid. 

convallamarin (kon-val-am'-ar-in) [convallaria ; 
amarus, bitter], C23H44O12. A glucoside derived 
from Convallaria majalis. It is soluble in water and 
is used as a cardiac stimulant. Dose f gr. (0.05 
Gm.). Syn., convallamarinum. 

convallaretin {kon-val-ar'-e-tin) , C14H26O3. A sub- 
stance obtained from convallarin by prolonged 
boiling in dilute acids. 

Convallaria (kon-val-a'-re-ah) [convallis, a valley]. 
A genus of liliaceous plants. C. majalis is the lily- 
of-the-valley. All parts of the plant are used in 
medicine. Its properties are due to convallarin, 
C34H62O11, and convallamarin, C23H44O12, glucosides. 
It is a cathartic, diuretic, and cardiac stimulant. 
c, extract of. Dose 2-10 gr. (0.13-0.65 Gm.). 
c, fluidextract of (fluidextr actum convallarice, U. S. 
P.). Dose 2-1 1 min. (0.13-0.7 Co), o, infusion of, 
prepared with three times its weight of water. Dose 
£-2 oz. (15-60 Co). 

convallarin (kon-val '-ar-in) [convallaria], C34H62O11. 
A crystalline purgative glucoside derived from 
Convallaria majalis. 

convection (kon-vek'-shun) [convehere, to carry 
together]. A transmission or carrying, as of heat or 
electricity, c.-current, a current of a liquid or gas 
heated to a temperature above that of the sur- 
rounding medium; it rises to the surface because of 
its lesser density, and thus the entire fluid or gas 
acquires the same temperature. 

convergence (kon-ver'-jens) [con, together; verger e, 
to incline]. Inclination or direction toward a com- 
mon point, center, or focus, as of the axes of vision 
upon the near-point, c.-stimulus adduction, the 
power of adduction of the eyes, provoked by fixation 
of the gaze upon an object placed at the near- 
point. 

convergent {kon-ver'-jent) [see convergence]. Tend- 
ing to a common point or center, c. strabismus. 
See strabismus, convergent. 

converter (kon-vert'-er). See alternator. 

convex Qzon-veks') [convexus, vaulted]. Rounded, 



CONVEXITY 



248 



COPPER 



as a swelling of a round or spherical form on the 
external surface; gibbous; opposed to concave. 

convexity (kon-veks'-it-e) [see convex], A surface 
rounding outward; the quality of being convex. 

convexoconcave (kon-veks-o-kon-kav'). See con- 
cavoconvex. 

convexoconvex (kon-veks-o-kon-veks'). Having two 
convex surfaces; biconvex. See lens, biconvex. 

convolute (kon'-vo-lut) or convoluted (kon-vo-W- 
led) [convolutus, rolled together]. Rolled together. 
c. bones. See turbinated bones. 

convolution (kon-vo-lu'-shun) [convolvere, to roll 
together]. A fold, twist, or coil of any organ, 
especially any one of the prominent convex parts of 
the brain, separated from each other by depressions 
or sulci, c, angular, the posterior part of a con- 
volution situated between the intraparietal fissure in 
front and above, and the horizontal limb of the 
Sylvian fissure and the hinder part of the first part 
of the first temporal fissure below. The anterior 
part is called the supramarginal convolution, c.s, 
annectant, small convolutions which connect the 
occipital with the temporosphenoid and parietal lobes. 
c, anterior central, c, ascending frontal, the con- 
volution in front of the fissure of Rolando, c, 
ascending parietal, the convolution just behind the 
fissure of Rolando, c, Broca's, the inferior or third 
frontal convolution, c, fornicate, a long convo- 
lution on the mesial surface of the brain above the 
corpus callosum. c.s, frontal, the convolutions of 
the frontal lobe, c, hippocampal, the part of the 
fornicate convolution that winds around the splenium 
of the corpus callosum. c.s, insular, the small 
convolutions composing the island of Reil. c, 
marginal, the mesial surface of the first frontal con- 
volution, c.s, occipital, the convolutions making up 
the occipital lobe, c, paracentral, a convolution 
on the mesial surface of the brain, representing the 
junction of the upper ends of the ascending frontal 
and ascending parietal convolutions, c.s, parietal, 
the convolutions of the parietal lobe, c, posterior 
central. See c, ascending parietal, c, supramarginal. 
See c, angular, c.s, temporal, the convolutions of 
the temporal lobe, c, uncinate, the hook-like 
termination of the fornicate convolution. 

convolvulin (kon-voV -vu-lin) [convolvere, to roll 
together], C31H50O16. A glucoside derived from the 
roots of jalap (Convolvulus purga). It is a gummy 
mass, with active purgative properties. 

Convolvulus (kon-vol'-vu-lus) [convolvere, to roll 
together]. A genus of plants. C. panduratus, wild 
potato. The tuber is a mild cathartic. Dose gr. xl. 
C. purga. See jalap. C. scammonia, scammony. 

convulsant (kon-vul'-sant) [see convulsion]. A 
medicine that causes convulsions. 

convulsio cerealis (kon-vuV -she-o se-re-a'-lis) [L.]. 

1. Convulsion caused by ingestion of a cereal. 

2. Convulsion of arms and legs from spoiled corn; 
ergotism. 

convulsion (kon-vuV '-shun) [convellere, to convulse]. 
An involuntary general paroxysm of muscular con- 
traction. It is either tonic (without relaxation) or 
clonic (having alternate contractions of opposite 
groups of muscles), c, epileptiform, one charac- 
terized by total loss of consciousness, c, hysterical, 
one due to hysteria; consciousness is only apparently 
lost, c, infantile, due to a number of causes such 
as rickets, exhaustion, etc. ; sometimes called "scream- 
ing fits." c, local, one affecting one muscle, mem- 
ber, or part of a member, c, mimetic, c, mimic, a 
facial convulsion, c, oscillating, c, oscillatory, one 
in which the separate fiber-bundles of a muscle are 
affected successively and not simultaneously, c, 
puerperal. See eclampsia, c, salaam, eclampsia 
nutans, q. v. c, suffocative, laryngismus stridulus. 
c, tetanic, general tonic convulsions without loss of 
consciousness, c, tonic. See spasm, tonic. c, 
toxic, one due to the action of some toxic agent upon 
the nervous system, c, uremic, one that occurs in 
kidney disease due to retention in the blood of 
matters that should be eliminated by the kidney. 

convulsionary (kon-vul'-shun-a-re) [convellere, to 
convulse]. One who is subject to convulsions; 
especially one of a set of patients who are subject 
to epidemic or imitative convulsions. 

convulsivant (con-vul'-siv-ant) [convellere, to con- 
vulse]. An agent that causes convulsions. 

convulsive (kon-vuV -siv) . Of the nature of, or 
marked by, convulsions or spasms, c. cerebral 
typhus. See Dubini's disease, c. cough. See cyno- 



bex hebetica. c. tic. See habit-spasm, c. tremor. 
See paramyoclonus. 

coolie-itch (koo'-le). Ankylostomiasis; water-itch. 

Cooper's arsenious ointment, an ointment com- 
posed of arsenious acid and sulphur, each one part, 
and spermaceti cerate, eight parts. C.'s disease 
[Sir Astley Paston Cooper, English surgeon, 1768- 
1841]. See Reclus' disease. C.'s fascia. 1. The 
fascia trans versalis. 2. The cellular layer beneath 
the dartos. C.'s hernia, encysted hernia of the 
tunica vaginalis. C.'s irritable breast, mastodynia 
neuralgica; neuralgia of the breast. C.'s irritable 
testicle, neuralgia of the testis. C.'s ligament. 
1. The lower, thickened portion of the fascia trans- 
versalis, which is attached to the spine of the pubis 
and the iliopectineal eminence. 2. Arciform, liga- 
mentous fibers extending from the base of the ole- 
cranon to the coronoid process on the inner aspect 
of the elbow-joint. C.'s operation. For ligation of 
the external iliac artery; an incision four or five inches 
long is made parallel with Poupart's ligament, and 
nearly an inch above it, commencing just outside 
the center of the ligament and extending outward 
and upward beyond the anterior superior iliac spine. 
C.'s suspensory ligaments, the fibrous processes that 
connect the capsule of the convex surface of the 
mammary gland with the overlying skin. 

coopers' knee. An enlarged bursa patella? found 
in coopers, as the result of pressure exerted by the 
knee against the barrel. 

coordination (ko-or-din-a'-shun) [con, together; 
ordinare, to regulate]. The harmonious activity and 
proper sequence of operation of those parts that 
cooperate in the performance of any function. 

coordinator 4Jko-or' -din-a-ior) [see coordination]. 
The part of the nervous system regulating coordina- 
tion, c, oculonuchal, Spitzka's name for the part 
of the postero-longitudinal fasciculus below the 
floor of the fourth ventricle. 

coossify (ko-os'-if-i) [con, together; os, bone; 
facere, to make]. To grow together as one bone, 
said of bones or parts of bone usually separate. 

copaiba (ko-pa'-e-bah) [Sp.]. Balsam of copaiba. 
The oleoresin of Copaifera officinalis, C. coriacea, 
C. guianensis, C. multijuga, C. cordifolia, C. laxa, 
C. nitida, C. oblongifolia, and C. langsdorffii, legumi- 
nous trees, native to South America. It is a stimu- 
lant, diuretic, diaphoretic, and an expectorant, and, is 
much used in gonorrhea. Syn., copaiva. c, balsam 
of. See copaiba, c, East Indian. See Gurjun 
balsam, c, mass of, copaiba, 04; magnesia, 6 parts. 
Dose 10 gr.-i dr. (0.65-4.0) Gin., c, mixture of, 
compound, Lafayette's mixture: copaiba, 7 dr.; oil 
of cubebs, 1 dr.; glycerite of yolk of egg, 7 dr.; 
triturate and add syrup, 2§ oz.; then add, with 
constant stirring, solution of potassium hydroxide, 
% oz.; compound tincture of cardamom, 2 dr.; sweet 
spirit of niter, £ oz.; enough peppermint-water to 
make 8 oz. Dose 1 dr.-f oz. (4-16 Cc). c, oil of 
(oleum copaibcB, U. S. P.), a colorless substance con- 
stituting about one-half of copaiba, and used for 
the same purposes. Dose 10-15 min. (0.65-1.0 
Cc). c, resin of, the residue after distilling off the 
volatile oil of copaiba, mainly copaibic acid. Dose 
1-5 gr. (0.065-0.3 Gm.). 

cophosis (ko-fo'-sis) [kw<£6s, deaf]. Deafness or 
dulness of hearing. 

copiopia (ko-pe-o'-pe-ah) [koitos, a straining; &\J/, 
eye]. Eye-strain; weariness of the eyes. c. hys- 
terica, a term applied to those symptoms that indi- 
cate hyperesthesia of the fifth and optic nerves. 

copodyskinesia (kop-o-dis-kin-e'-ze-ah) [kottos, toil, 
fatigue; dvs, hard; kIvt}o-vs, motion]. Difficult or 
faulty motion due to constant repetition of the same 
act. Professional spasm, or occupation neurosis. 

copos (kop'-os) [koitos, fatigue]. 1. Lassitude; 
exhaustion after illness. 2. Cramp in the calves of 
the legs. ■ 

copper (kop'-er). Cuprum. Symbol, Cu; atomic 
weight, 63.57. A reddish-brown metal existing in 
nature chiefly in the form of copper pyrites, which is 
a double salt of copper and iron sulphide. Various 
salts are used in medicine. In toxic doses they are 
gastrointestinal irritants. In therapeutic doses they 
are used as astringents in inflammation of mucous 
membranes. They are also employed as emetics, 
and, externally, as caustics. See elements, table of 
chemical, c. acetate, Cu(C2Hs02)2, verdigris, used in 
pulmonary diseases and as a lotion in skin diseases. 
Dose xV"! gr. (0.0065-0.016 Gm.). c. acetoarsenite, 



COPPERAS 



249 



CORD 



Paris-green, used as a pigment and an insecticide. 
c. acetophosphate, employed in chlorosis and amenor- 
rhea, c.-alum. See c, aluminated. c, aluminated, 
a combination of sulphates of copper and aluminum 
and potassium nitrate, occurring as a green powder; 
a mild caustic used in ophthalmia. Syn., copper- 
alum; lapis divinus. c. amalgam, a metallic filling- 
material composed of copper and mercury, c. am- 
moniate, ammonium carbonate, 3; copper sulphate, 
4 parts; useful in chorea, hysteria, etc. Dose |— 1 gr. 
(0.01-0.065 Gm.). c. ammoniosulphate, c. and 
ammonium sulphate, obtained by dissolving copper 
sulphate in ammonia-water and precipitating with 
alcohol. It is antispasmodic and astringent. Dose 
\-2 gr. (0.03-0.13 Gm.) 3 or 4 times daily with 
tincture of opium after meals; maximum dose 5 gr. 
(0.3 Gm.) single; 10 gr. (0.6 Gm ) a day. Application 
for gleet, etc., 0.2 to 1 % solution or ointment, c. 
arsenate, a blue powder obtained from ammonium 
arsenate with copper sulphate. It is used as an 
alterative in syphilis. Dose -^-\ gr. (0.002-0.008 
Gm.). c. arsenite, a salt valuable in intestinal 
diseases. Dose T io gr. (0.00065 Gm.). c. carbonate, 
a compound of copper and carbonic acid. c. nitrate 
Cu(N03)3H20, is used for the same purposes as the 
sulphate, c.-nose. Synonym of acne rosacea, c. 
nucleinate, a compound of nucleol and copper oxide 
containing 6 % of copper; it occurs as a fine powder 
and is used in chronic conjunctivitis. Syn., cuprol. 
c. oleate, Cu(Ci8H3302)2, a mixture of 10 % copper 
oxide dissolved in oleic acid, forming a' greenish-blue, 
granular powder, soluble in ether. It is applied to 
indolent ulcers; ointment, 10 to 20 % in lanolin. 
c. oxide, a compound of copper, and oxygen, c. oxide, 
black, CuO, a brownish-black, amorphous powder 
obtained from copper nitrate or copper carbonate by 
ignition. It is used as a teniafuge. Dose f-if gr. 
(0.05-0. 1 1 Gm.) 3 or 4 times daily in pills for two 
weeks, abstaining from acid food. Externally it is 
used as an ointment with lard in treatment of chronic 
glandular induration. It is also employed in organic 
analysis. Syn., copper monoxide, c. oxide, red, 
CU2O, a dark-brown, crystalline powder. Syn., cop- 
per hemioxide; copper suboxide, c. phosphate, 
CUHPO4, a bluish-green powder. It is used in 
tuberculosis. Dose f— | gr. (0.008-0.032 Gm.) 
several times daily, c, reaction for. See Schoenbein. 
c. sulphate (cupri sulphas, U. S. P.), CuS04 . 5H2O, 
soluble in water, valuable as an emetic tonic, and 
astringent. Dose, as an emetic, 2-5 gr. (0.13-0.32 
Gm.); as a tonic, |-f gr. (0.01-0.032 Gm.). c. 
sulphocarbolate, CuC6H(S04)2+6H 2 0, green crystals 
soluble in water and alcohol. Syn., cupriaseptol. 

copperas (kop'-er-as) [cupri rosa, rose of copper(?)]. 
A common name for ferrous sulphate, FeS04+7H20. 

copra (kop'-rah) [Hind.]. The dried and crushed 
kernel of the cocoanut, from which cocoa-oil is 
expressed, c. itch, a peculiar eruption noticed in 
persons working in copra mills in Ceylon. The erup- 
tion generally begins on the hands, and spreads to the 
arms, legs, and trunk, but does not affect the face. 

copragogue (kop'-rag-og) [icoirpos, dung; iywy 6s, 
leading]. A remedy to carry off feces; a purgative. 

copraol (kop'-ra-ol) [copra, the dried kernel of the 
cocoanut]. A solid fat, derived from the cocoanut, 
and used as a substitute for cacao-butter in making 
suppositories. It melts at 30.3 ° C. 

copremia (kop-re'-me-ah) [icoirpos, dung; atp.a, 
blood]. A form of general blood-poisoning arising 
from chronic constipation. The symptoms are an- 
emia, sallow complexion, anorexia, frontal headache, 
vertigo, nausea, flatulence, thirst, fetid breath, 
lassitude, hypochondriasis, and irritability of temper. 

copremesis (kop-rem'-es-is) [icoirpos, dung; e/zeo-is, 
vomiting]. The vomiting of fecal matter. 

copro- (kop-ro-) [xo-n-pos, dung]. A prefix meaning 
relating to the feces or to dung. 

coproctic (kop-rok'-tik) [/compos, feces]. Relating 
to feces; fecal. 

coprolalia (kop-ro-la'-le-ah) [copro-; XaXtd, speech]. 
The use of filthy and offensive language when a 
manifestation of disease. 

coprolith (kop'-ro-lith) [copro-; \l0os, a stone]. 
A hard mass of fecal matter in the bowels. 

coprophagy (kop-rof'-a-je) [copro-; <payelv, to eat]. 
The eating of feces, a symptom seen in insane and 
hysterical patients. 

coprophilous (kop-roff'-il-us) [icoirpos, dung; <f>C\os, 
loving]. Fond of feeding or growing upon fecal 
matter; said of certain bacteria. 



coproplanesis (kop-ro-plan-e'-sis) [copro-; ■n-Xdfijo'ts, 
wandering]. Escape of feces through a fistula or 
other abnormal opening. 

coprorrhea (kop-ror-e'-ah) [icoirpos, dung; pktw, to 
flow]. Synonym of diarrhea. 

coprostasia (kop-ro-sta'-se-ah) . See coprostasis. 

coprostasis (kop-ros'-tas-is) [copro-; o-rcuris, a 
standing]. The accumulation of fecal matter in the 
bowel. 

coptine (kop'-ten) [Kowreiv, to cut]. A colorless 
alkaloid of goldthread. See coptis. 

coptis (kop'-tis) [Koirreiv, to cut]. Goldthread. 
The root of C. trifolia, a simple bitter tonic resembling 
quassia. It contains coptine, an alkaloid closely 
allied to berberine. Dose 10-30 gr. (0.65-2.0 Gm.). 

copula (kop'-u-lah) [L., "a band"]. 1. The 
copula alba cerebri, an anterior commissure of the 
cerebrum. 2. A thin lamina joining the rostrum 
with the terma. 3. Same as sporont or oocyst. 
4. Same as amboceptor. 5. Sexual intercourse. 

copulation (kop-u-la'-shun) [copulare, to couple]. 
The act of sexual intercourse. 

coqueluche (kok-lush') [Fr., a hood or cowl]. 
Synonym of influenza; also of whooping-cough. 

coquilles (ko-kel') [Fr.]. A variety of dark eye- 
glasses curved like shells. 

cor (kor) [L.; gen., cordis]. The heart. See heart. 
c. adiposum, a heart with a simple excess of the 
normal subpericardial fat. c. bovinum. See bovine 
heart, c. hirsutum, c. hispidum, c. tomentosum. 
See c. villosum. c. membranaceum, the auricular 
part of the heart, c. mobile, a heart which changes 
its position with the change of posture of the indi- 
vidual, c. villosum, hairy heart; the peculiar shaggy 
appearance presented by the heart in acute plastic 
pericarditis, with the deposited fibrin existing in 
long shreds. 

coraco- (kor-ak-o-) [ic6pa%, a crow]. Pertaining to 
the coracoid process. 

coracoacromial (kor-ak-o-ak-ro'-me-aF). Relating 
to the coracoid process and the acromion. 

coracobrachialis (kor-ak-o-bra-ke-al'-is). See under 
muscle. 

coracoclavicular (kor-ak-o-klav-ik'-u-lar). Relating 
to the coracoid process and the clavicle. Syn., 
omoclavicular . 

coracohumeral (kor-ak-o-hu'-mer-al). Relating to 
the coracoid process and the humerus. 

coracohyoid (kor-ak-o-hi'-oid). 1. Relating to the 
coracoid process and the hyoid bone. 2. The 
omohyoid muscle. 

coracoid (kor'-ak-oid) [coraco-; eldos, likeness]. 
1. Having the shape of a crow's beak. 2. The 
coracoid process, c. ligament, a triangular ligament 
joining the coracoid process to the acromion, c. 
notch, the notch in the upper border of the scapula. 
c. process, a beak-shaped process of the scapula. 

coracopectoralis (kor-ak-o-pek-tor-a'-lis). The pec- 
toralis minor muscle. See muscles, table of. 

coracoscapular (kor-ak-o-skap'-u-lar) . Relating 
to the coracoid process of the scapula and to some 
other portion of the scapula. 

coral (kor'-al). The hard substance secreted by 
marine polyps, c. calculus, a peculiar dendritic 
form of calculus found in the pelvis of the kidney, 
and forming a complete mold of the infundibula 
and calices. 

cord (chorda, a string]. 1. A tendon; any string- 
like body. 2. Used as a synonym for the umbilical 
cord, the vascular, cord-like^ structure connecting the 
placenta and fetus, c, axis-. See primitive streak. 
c, bioplasson, a reticulum formed by branching 
cells, c, colic, transverse, Glenard's term for that 
portion of the transverse colon which becomes hard 
and rigid as the result of a stoppage of fecal matter 
by the kinking of the colon near its attachment by 
the pylorocolic ligament, c, dorsal, the notochord. 
c, false, c, superior (vocal), a fold of mucous mem- 
brane on either side of the middle line of the larynx, 
inclosing the superior thyroarytenoid ligament, c, 
genital, Thiersch's name for an embryonic structure 
formed from the two Wolffian ducts and the Muellerian 
ducts, c. of Hippocrates, the Achilles tendon, c, 
lumbosacral, a nerve-trunk formed from the divisions 
of the fourth and fifth lumbar nerves, c, muscular, 
a cord-like prominence of a muscle due to morbid 
excitability of its fibers, c, presentation of, descent 
of the umbilical cord between the presenting part 
and the membranes at the beginning of labor, c, 
prolapse of, descent of the umbilical cord at the 



CORDATE 



250 



CORNICULUM 



rupture of the bag of waters: incomplete, if remaining 
in the vagina, complete, if protruding therefrom. 
c.s, sonorous, the semicircular canals of the internal 
ear. c. spermatic. See spermatic cord, c, spinal. 
See spinal cord, c, true, vocal c, vocal, the vocal 
band. ( See under larynx. 

cordate (kor'-dat) [cor]. Heart-shaped. 

cordein (kor'-de-in). A white, crystalline sub- 
stance used as an analgesic and antiseptic. Syn., 
methyltribromsalol. 

Cordia {kor'-de-ah) [E. and V. Cordus, German 
physicians (1486-153 5 and 1515-1544)]- A genus 
of shrubs and trees of the order Boraginacece. C. 
aubletti is indigenous to Guiana; the leaves are used 
as an application to tumors and skin diseases. 
C. myxa is indigenous to the East Indies, but culti- 
vated in Arabia and Egypt. The fruit is used in 
coughs, the powdered bark in ringworm, the root as a 
purgative. 

cordial (kord'-yal) [cor]. 1. Pertaining to the 
heart; exhilarant; stimulant. 2. An aromatic, spir- 
ituous stimulant. 

cordiale (kor-de-a'-le) [L.]. A cordial, c. rubi 
fructus. See blackberry cordial. 

cordiform (kor '-de-form) [cor; forma, form]. 
Cordate; shaped like a heart. 

cordite {kor'-dlt). A smokeless gun-powder con- 
sisting of gun-cotton dissolved in acetone and nitro- 
glycerin. 

cordol (kor'-dol). See salol tribromide. 

cordon (kor'-don) [Fr., a cord or rope]. A line 
of posts to enforce a quarantine against a place 
infected with an epidemic disease. 

cordyl (kor'-dil). See acetyl tribromsalol. 

core (kor). 1. The central slough of a boil or 
carbuncle. 2. The axial or central portion of the 
terminal corpuscle in a nerve. 3. A bundle of soft 
iron wires used as a magnet in the center of a coil. 
c, atomic. See coelectron. 4. (kor'-eh) [/cop?;, the 
pupil]. The pupil of the eye. 

coreclisis, corecleisis (kor-ek-li'-sis) [/cop?;, the 
pupil; /cXeco-is, a closure]. Pathological closure or 
obliteration of the pupil. 

corectasis (kor-ek'-ta-sis) [core (4) ; e/cra<r«, a stretch- 
ing out]. Dilatation of the pupil. 

corectome (kor-ek'-tom) [core (4); eKrefivew, to cut 
out]. An instrument used in iridectomy. 

corectomedialysis (kor-ek-to-me-di-al'-is-is). See 
iridectomy and coredialysis. 

corectomy (kor-ek'-to-me) [core (4); lureiivkiv, to 
cut out]. See iridectomy, and pupil, artificial. 

corectopia (kor-ek-to'-pe-ah) [core (4); 2kto7tos, 
misplaced]. An anomalous position of the pupil; 
displacement of the pupil. 

coredialysis (kor-e-di-al'-is-is) [core (4); SiAXwns, 
dialysis]. The production of an artificial pupil at 
the ciliary border of the iris. 

corediastasis (kor-e-di-as'-tas-is) [core (4) ; 5ia<rracra, 
dilatation]. Dilatation of the pupil. 

corelysis (kor-el'-is-is) [core (4) ; Xiio-is, a loosening]. 
The detachment of iritic adhesions to the lens or to 
the cornea. 

coremorphosis (kor-e-mor-fo'-sis) [core (4); poptpco- 
<ns, formation]. The operation for establishing an 
artificial pupil. 

corenclisis (kor-en-kli'-sis) [core (4); iyiiheZais, 
inclusion]. The formation of a new pupil by dis- 
placement, the iris being drawn aside and in part 
excised. 

coreometer (kor-e-om'-et-er) [core (4); n'erpov, a 
measure]. An instrument for measuring the pupil 
of the eye. * 

coreometry (kor-e-om'-et-re) [see coreometer]. The 
measurement of the pupil of the eye. 

coreoncion (kor-e-on'-se-on). A double-hooked iris- 
forceps. 

coreoplasty (kor'-e-o-plas-te) [core (4); ir\d<xaeiv, 
to form]. Any operation for forming an artificial 
pupil. 

coretomodialysis (kor-et-o-mo-di-al'-is-is). See iri- 
dectomy. 

coretomy (kor-et'-o-me) [core (4); renveiv, to cut]. 
Iridotomy or iridectomy; any surgical cutting 
operation on the iris. 

coriaceous (kor-e-a' -she-us) [corium, leather]. 
1. Leathery, tough. 2. Of a bacterial culture, one 
which will not yield to the platinum needle. 

coriamyrtin (ko-re-am-er'-tin) [Coriaria myrtifolia, 
myrtle], C30H36O10. An exceedingly poisonous prin- 
ciple, a glucoside, obtained from the fruit of Coriaria 



myrtifolia. A cardiac stimulant. Maximum dose 
& gr. (0.001 Gm.). 

coriander, coriandrum (ko-re-an'-der, ko-re-an'- 
drum) [Koplawov, coriander]. Coriander-seed. The 
coriandrum of the U. S. P. is the dried ripe fruit of 
Coriandrum sativum, an aromatic, carminative, and 
stimulant, used mainly to give flavor to other reme- 
dies and as a corrective to griping purgatives. Dose 
10-20 gr. (0.65-1.3 Gm.). c, oil of (oleum coriandri, 
U. S. P.), the volatile oil. Dose 2-5 min. (0.13- 
0.32 Cc). 

coriandrol (kor-e-an'-drol), CioHisO. The chief 
constituent of oil of coriander; a liquid isomeric 
with borneol. 

Coriaria (ko-re-a'-re-ah) [L.]. A genus of poisonous 
shrubs of several species, having a wide geographical 
distribution. C. myrtifolia, used in dyeing and 
tanning, has poisonous berries and shoots. The seeds 
and shoots of C. sarmentosa of New Zealand afford 
what is called toot-poison. The memory is said to 
be impaired after recovery from poisoning by this 
plant. 

coridin (kor'-id-in), C10H15N. A liquid base 
obtained from the distillation of bones. 

corisol (kor'-is-ol). A preparation of suprarenal 
capsule said to be useful in catarrh of the naso- 
pharynx. 

corium (ko'-re-um) [L., "a hide; leather"}. The 
deep layer of the skin. See skin. c. phlogisticum. 
Same as crusta phlogistica, q. v. 

corm (korm) [xopp.6s, the trunk of a tree]. The 
bulbous underground part of certain plants, as the 
crocus. 

corn (korn) [cornu, horn]. A local induration and 
thickening of the skin from friction or pressure. 
See clavus. c.-silk. See Zea mays, c.-smut. See 
ustilago. c.-starch, the commercial name of a 
starch derived from maize, and extensively used 
as an article of food, especially for invalids. 

Cornaro's diet. A diet for indigestion and the 
results of riotous living, devised by Luigi Cornaro, a 
Venetian gentleman of the seventeenth cenntury. 
It consisted of a daily allowance of bread, meat, and 
yolk of egg, amounting to 12 ounces in all. With 
this he took 14 ounces of a light Italian wine each day. 

cornea (kor'-ne-ah) [corneus, horny]. The trans- 
parent anterior portion of the eyeball, its area 
occupying about one-sixth the circumference of the 
globe. It is continuous with the sclerotic, and is 
nourished by lymph from the looped blood-vessels at 
its peripheral border, c, conical. See keratoglobus. 
c, transplantation of, the operation of engrafting a 
section of transparent cornea from some animal into 
the space of an excised portion of human cornea. 

corneal (kor'-ne-al). Pertaining to the cornea. 
c. corpuscles, stellate bodies in the corneal lacuna, 
c. lacunae, c. spaces, stellate spaces in the corneal 
lamellae between the corpuscles. 

corneitis (kor-ne-i'-tis). See keratitis. 

corneoblepharon (kor-ne-o-blef'-ar-on) [cornea; ble- 
pharon]. Adhesion of the surface of the eyelid to 
the cornea. 

corneocalcareous (kor-ne-o-kal-ka'-re-us) [corneus, 
horny; calcareus, pertaining to lime]. Formed of a 
mixture of horny and calcareous substances. 

corneoiritis (kor-ne-o-i-ri'-tis). See keratoiritis. 

corneosclera (kor-ne-o-skle'-rah) [cornea; sclera]. 
The cornea and sclera taken together. 

corneous (kor'-ne-us) [corneus, horny]. Horny or 
horn-like. c. tissue, the substance of the nails. 

cornet (kor-nef) [cornu]. 1. A small ear-trumpet 
worn within the ear and sometimes concealed by the 
hair of the wearer. 2. A bony layer, c, Bertin's, 
c, sphenoid, the anterior part of the body of the 
sphenoid bone. 

corneum (kor-ne'-um). The stratum corneum or 
horny layer of the skin. 

corniculate (kor-nik' -u-lat) [cornu]. Furnished 
with horns or horn-shaped appendages. 

corniculum (kor-nik' -u-lum) [L. dim. of cornu, a 
horn; pi., cornicula], A small cornu or horn-like 
process, c. laryngis, a small, horn-shaped mass of 
cartilage on the arytenoid cartilages; called also the 
cartilages of Santorini. cornicula of the hyoid bone, 
c. interna ossis hyoidei, the small cornua of the 
hyoid. cornicula santoriniana. See c. laryngis. 

cornification (kor-nif-ik-a'-shun) [cornu; facer e, to 
make]. The process of hardening or making horny. 

cornin (kor'-nin) [corneus, horny]. A precipitate 
from the tincture of the bark of Dogwood, Cornus 



CORNSTALK DISEASE 



251 



CORPOREAL 



florida; it occurs in white silky, bitter crystals, and 
is a tonic, stimulant, and astringent. Dose two to 
four grains. 2. A bitter crystalline substance from 
the bark of Cornus florida. Syn., cornic acid. 

cornstalk disease of cattle and horses. A disease 
caused by feeding on drystalks left standing in the 
field after the corn has been gathered in the fall. 
It has been attributed — (1) to corn-smut; (2) to 
scarcity of salt and water; (3) to "dry murrain," a 
hard and dry condition of the third stomach, sup- 
posed to be morbid, though really normal; (4) to 
the presence of potassium nitrate in the fodder; 
(5) to the presence of a bacterium. Syn., broncho- 
pneumonia bovis. 

cornu (kor'-nu) [L.; pi., cornua]. A horn. A name 
applied to any excrescence resembling a horn. 
c. Ammonis, the hippocampus major of the brain. 
c. anterius, the anterior horn. c. cervi, hartshorn or 
ammonium hydroxide, c. cutaneum, a horn-like 
excrescence arising from the skin. Syn., cornu 
humanum. c, dental, a horn of the dental pulp. 
These extensions form the body of the dental pulp, 
which corresponds with the positions of the cusps of 
the teeth, c. descendens, c. inferius, c. laterale, 
c. magnum, c. medium, the medicornu, that pro- 
longation of the lateral ventricle which, curving 
outward around the back of the thalamus, descends 
beneath it, and, extending forward and inward, ends 
in the anterior extremity of the hippocampal gyrus. 
c. dorsale, the dorsal projection of the mass of cinerea 
seen upon each half of the spinal cord in transverse 
section. Syn., crus Posticum; posterior cornu. c. 
humanum. See c. cutaneum. c. inferius, the inferior 
or descending horn. c. majus, greater horn. c. 
minus, lesser horn. c. occipitale, c, posterius (of the 
lateral ventricle), the postcornu, a conical prolonga- 
tion of the lateral ventricle, curving outward, back- 
ward, and inward into the occipital lobe. Syn., 
cavitas digitata; cornu ancyroide. c. superius, superior 
horn, cornua of the uterus. 1. The lateral infundib- 
uliform prolongations of the uterine cavity into 
which the Fallopian tubes open. 2. The oviducts. 
c. ventrale, the ventral projection of the mass of 
cinerea seen upon each half of the spinal cord in 
transverse section. Syn., crus anterius. 

cornua (kor'-nu-ah) [L.j. Plural of cornu. 

cornual (kor'-nu-al) [cornu]. Relating to a 
cornu. 

c. myelitis, myelitis affecting the anterior cornua of 
the spinal cord. 

cornucopia (kor-nu-ko'-pe-ah) [L., horn of plenty]. 
An offset of the choroid plexus of the fourth ventricle 
into the lateral recess of the ventricle. 

cornus (kor'-nus) [L.]. Dogwood. The bark of 
the root of C. florida, the properties of which are due 
to a crystalline principle, cornin. It is a simple 
stomachic bitter and slightly antiperiodic. Dose of 
the fluidextr act 10 min.-i dr. (0.65-4.0 Cc). 

cornutine (kor'-nu-ten). An alkaloid, the active 
principle of ergot. Dose ^ gr. (0.005 Gm.). c. 
citrate. Dose ^g-rjj gr. (0.003-0.006 Gm.) in 
spermatorrhea. 

cornutol (kor'-nu-tol). Trade name of a fluid- 
extract of ergot, said to be aseptic and adopted 
for hypodermic use. 

coroclisis, corocleisis (ko-ro-kli'-sis) [see coreclisis]. 

corodialysis (kor-o-di-al'-is-is) [kopv, the pupil; 
StdXvcns, loosening]. See iridodialysis. 

corodiastasis (kor-o-di-as'-tas-is) Uopt], the pupil; 
Sicwrrcuns, separation]. Dilatation of the pupil. 

corometer (ko-rom'-et-er). Same as coreometer. 

corona (ko-ro'-nah) [L., a "crown"]. 1. A crown. 
2. The corona radiata. c. capitis, the crown of the 
head, the top of the head. c. ciliaris, the ciliary 
ligament, c. dentis, the crown of a tooth, c. glandis, 
the ridge of the glans penis, c. radiata, a radiating 
mass of white nerve-fibers ascending from the in- 
ternal capsule to the cortex cerebri, corona? tubu- 
lorum. See Lieberkiihn's crypts, c. veneris, a circle 
of syphilitic blotches occurring on the forehead. 

coronad (kor'-o-nad) [corona, the crown; ad, to]. 
Toward the coronal aspect of the head, or towards 
any corona. 

coronal (kor-o'-nal) [corona]. Encircling like a 
crown; pertaining to the crown of the head. c. su- 
ture, the suture joining the frontal with the two 
parietal bones. 

coronale (kor-o-na'-le) [L.]. 1. The frontal bone. 
2. A point on the coronal suture where the frontal 
diameter is greatest. 



coronamen (kor-o-na'-men) [L., a crowning; pi., 
coronamina]. Same as coronet. 

coronaria (kor-o-na'-re-ah). A coronary artery, 
of the heart, or lips, or stomach, c. ventriculi, the 
coronary artery of the stomach. 

coronary (kor'-o-na-re) [corona], A term applied 
to vessels, nerves, or attachments that encircle a 
part or an organ, c. artery, one of the arteries around 
the heart and lips; also the gastric artery, c. bone, 
the small _ postern or median phalanx of a horse's 
foot. c. ligament, a ligament of the knee; also one 
of the liver, c. sinus, a passage for the blood into 
the right auricle, c. valve, the valve protecting the 
orifice of the coronary sinus. 

corone (ko-ro'-ne). The coronoid process of the 
inferior maxilla. 

coronen (ko-ro'-nen) [corona, a crown]. Belonging 
to the corona in itself. 

coroner (kor'-o-ner) [coranator, a crown officer]. 
An officer who inquires by authority of the law 
into the causes of sudden or violent deaths, c.'s 
inquest, the legal inquiry before a jury into the cause 
of a sudden or violent death. 

coronet (kor'-o-net) [Ft., dim. of couronne, a crown]. 
1. In biology, a crowning circle of hairs. 2. In 
veterinary surgery, the lowest part of the postern 
of the hoof, also called coronamen. 

Coronilla (kor-o-nil'-ah) [dim. of corona]. A genus 
of leguminous herbs. C. scorpioides, an annual of 
southern France, furnishes coronillin (q. v.). C. varia 
is diuretic, purgative, and poisonous. It is used as a 
succedaneum for digitalis in cardiac disease. An 
aqueous extract and a powder of the fresh plant are 
given in doses of if gr. (0.098 Gm.). 

coronillin (kor-o-nil'-in) [see coronilla]. A gluco- 
side, C7H12O3, from Coronilla scorpioides; it is a cardiac 
tonic and diuretic. Dose 1-2 gr. (0.06—0.13 
Gm.). 

coronion (ko-ro'-ne-on). The apex of the coronoid 
process of the inferior maxilla. 

coronitis (kor-o-ni'-tis). Inflammation of the 
coronary substance of the horse's hoof. 

coronium (ko-ro'-ne-um). A supposed element, 
said to be lighter than hydrogen, and believed to 
exist in volcanic gases. 

coronobasilar (kor-o-no-bas'-il-ar) [corona, a crown; 
basis, the base]. Extending from the coronal suture 
to the basilar aspect of the head. 

coronofacial (kor-o-no-fa'-shal) [corona; fades, 
face]. Relating to the crown of the head and to the 
face. 

coronoid (kor'-o-noid) [corona or Kopuvr), a crow; 
eZSos, likeness]. Crown-shaped or crow-shaped, as 
the coronoid process of the ulna or of the jaw. 

coroparelcysis {kor-o-par-eV -si-sis) [kopv, the pupil; 
irapekKvais, a drawing aside]. Operative displace- 
ment of the pupil to remedy partial opacity of the 
cornea by bringing it opposite a transparent part. 

coroplasty (ko'-ro-plas-te). Same as coreplasty. 

corophthisis {ko-roff'-this-is) [kopij, pupil; fdlcns, 
a wasting]. Habitual or permanent contraction of 
the pupil due to a wasting disease of the eye. 

coroscopy (kor-os'-ko-pe). See retinoscopy. 

corpora (kor'-por-ah) [pi. of corpus, a body]. A 
general term applied to certain parts of the body 
having a rounded or ovoid shape, c. albicantia, 
two white masses in the interpeduncular space at 
the base of the brain, the projections of the anterior 
pillars of the fornix, c. amylacea, certain bodies 
found in nervous and other tissues after death; they 
are probably the result of degeneration, c. aranacea, 
a granular substance occurring at times in the masses 
of papilloma. Syn., sand-bodies, c. Arantii. See Ar- 
antius. c. cavernosa, the cylindrical bodies of erectile 
tissue forming the chief part of the penis. Also, 
the two masses of erectile tissue composing the 
clitoris, c. geniculata. See geniculate bodies, c. 
globosa cervicis uteri, cysts of the neck of the uterus, 
Nabothian cysts, c. olivaria, the two oval masses 
behind the pyramids of the oblongata, c. pyra- 
midalia, the two bundles of white matter of the 
oblongata, c. quadrigemina, the optic lobes of the 
brain, the four rounded eminences situated under 
the corpus callosum. The anterior pair are called 
the nates, and the posterior, the testes, c. resti- 
formia, the cord-like bodies extending between the 
oblongata and the cerebrum, c. sesamoidea. Same 
as c. Arantii. c. striata, two gray bodies in the 
lateral ventricles of the brain. 

corporeal (kor-por'-e-al) [corpus, a body]. Per- 



CORPSE 



252 



CORRIGAN'S BUTTON 



taining to the body. c. endometritis. See endo- 
metritis. 

corpse {korps) [corpus, a body]. A cadaver, a 
dead body. 

corpulence, corpulency {kor'-pu-lens, -se) [corpu- 
lentus, corpulent]. Obesity; fatness of the body. 

corpulent {kor'-pil-lent) [corpulentus, corpulent]. 
Excessively fat; obese. 

corpulin (kor'-pu-lin). A remedy for obesity said 
to constis of bladderwrack (Fucus vesiculosis) , 
tamarinds, and cascara sagrada. 

corpus (kor'-pus) [L., "a body"; pi., corpora (q. v.)]. 

1. A body; the human body. 2. The body or shaft 
of a bone or other structure, c. annulare, the pons 
Varolii, c. bigeminum, an optic lobe. c. callosum, 
the broad band of white matter uniting the hemi- 
spheres of the cerebrum, c. caudatum, a ganglion 
or free ring of gray matter circling around the len- 
ticular nucleus of the brain. It is massive in the 
frontal portion, but becomes attenuated caudad; the 
anterior portion is called the head; the posterior, the 
tail. c. cavernosum urethrae, the corpus spongiosum. 
c. cavernosum vaginae, the spongy tissue of the 
vagina, c. ciliare, the ciliary body, that part of the 
middle coat of the eye comprising the ciliary muscles 
and processes, c. dentatum. 1. See olivary body. 

2. The central folded gray nucleus of the cerebellum. 
c. fibrosum, a tough, semiopaque body occurring in 
the ovary, due to some fibrous change in the corpus 
luteum. c. fimbriatum, the lateral thin edge of the 
taenia hippocampi, c. geniculatum, a tubercle of 
the lower portion of the optic thalamus, c. High- 
morianum. See Highmore, body of. c. luteum, the 
yellow body formed in the ovary in the site of a 
Graafian vesicle after the escape of the ovum. c. 
luteum, false, that resulting when pregnancy does 
not occur. Syn., corpus luteum of menstruation. 
c. luteum, true, that resulting when pregnancy takes 
place. Syn., corpus luteum of pregnancy, c. mam- 
millare. See corpora albicantia. c. pampiniforme, 
the parovarium, c. phacoide, the cystalline lens. 
c. pyramidale, the pyramid of the oblongata, c. 
rhomboidale. The same as c. dentatum. c. spongi- 
osum, the spongy part of the penis encircling the 
urethra, c. striatum, a mass of gray matter extending 
into the lateral ventricles of the brain and composed 
of the caudate and lenticular nuclei. 

corpuscle (kor'-pus-l) [dim. of corpus], 1. A small 
body or particle. 2. A molecule or atom. 3. A cell. 
4. A blood cell, c, axile, c, axis-, the central 
portion of a tactile corpuscle. Syn., axile body. 
c.s, Babes-Ernst's. See Babes-Ernst's bodies, c.s, 
Bennett's. See Bennett's corpuscles, cs, Bizzo- 
zero's. See Bizzozero's blood-platelets, c.s, blood-, 
red, biconcave, nonnucleated discs, circular in out- 
line, and containing red coloring-matter, termed 
hemoglobin, to which the color of the blood is due. 
Red corpuscles have been divided, according to their 
size, into normocytes (normal in size), megalocytes 
(of excessive size), microcytes (abnormally small), 
and poikilocytes (of irregular shape and size). The 
red corpuscles in the blood of man are about ^^5 
inch in diameter and xsi^o inch thick, and their 
number is about 5,000,000 to each cubic millimeter of 
blood. They consist of a colorless stroma infiltrated 
with the coloring-matter (hemoglobin), c.s, blood-, 
white (or colorless), flattened cells, about ^sVcr inch 
in diameter, existing in the ratio of 1 : 500 compared 
with red corpuscles. Their protoplasm is granular; 
they have one or more nuclei and no cell-wall. They 
possess contractile power and alter their shape 
readily. The colorless corpuscles are variously 
designated as eosinophil, basophil, neutrophil, mono- 
nuclear, polynuclear, lymphocytes, transitional, large, 
small, etc. c, bone-, an osteoblast, c.s, Burck- 
hardt's. See Burckhardt's corpuscles, c.s, cancroid, 
the pearly bodies of squamous epithelioma, c, 
cartilage. See cartilage, c.s, chorea. See under 
chorea, c.s, chromophile. See Nissl's bodies, c.s, 
chyle, lymph-corpuscles, c.s, colostrum. See col- 
ostrum corpuscles, c.s, concentric. See HassaU's 
bodies, c.s, corneal, connective-tissue corpuscles 
containing an oval nucleus and furnished with 
numerous branching processes occurring within the 
fibrous groundwork of the cornea. Syn., Toynbee's 
corpuscles; Virchow's corpuscles, c, cytoid, a leuko- 
cyte, c, Davaine's. See Bacillus anthracis under 
Bacilli, c.s of Donne. See colostrum corpuscles. 
c.s,_Drysdale's ovarian. See under Drysdale. c.s, 
genital, special nerve-endings in the external genitalia. 



c.s, ghost-, phantom-corpuscles, c.s, Gierke's. See 
under Gierke, c.s, Golgi's. See under Golgi. c, Golgi- 
Mazzoni's. See under Mazzoni. c.s, Grandry's. 
See under Grandry. c.s, Hassall's. See HassaU's 
bodies. c, Hayem's. See achromacyte. c.s, 
Herbst's. See under Herbst. c.s, Jaworski's. . See 
under Jaworski. c.s, Key and Retzius'. See under 
Key. c.s, Krause's. See Krause's corpuscles, c.s, 
Langerhans' stellate. See under Langerhans. c.s, 
Leber's. See Gierke's c.s. c.s, Lostorfer's. See 
under Lostorfer. c.s, lymph-, nucleated ameboid 
cells found in lymph and chyle. Upon entering the 
blood with the lymph they are called white blood- 
corpuscles. The smaller ones have little if any 
ameboid movement, and are sometimes spoken of as 
free nuclei on account of their small cell-body; 
some of these corpuscles are coarsely granular and 
are therefore called granular cells, c, Malpighian 
(of the kidney). See Malpighian corpuscles, c.s, 
Malpighian (of the spleen). See Malpighian cor- 
puscles, c, Mazzoni's. See under Mazzoni. c.s, 
Meissner's. See c.s, tactile- (1). c.s, Merkel's. 
See Grandry's c.s. c.s, Miescher's. See Miescher's 
tubes, c.s, milk-, of v. Kolliker, cells containing 
fat-globules observed in the acini of the mammary 
gland and breaking up into milk-globules on reaching 
the lactiferous ducts, c.s, Montgomery's. See 
Montgomery' s glands, c, Morgagni's. See Morgag- 
ni's globules, c, nerve, nerve-cells, c.s, Norris* 
invisible. See under Norris. c.s, Nunn's. See 
Bennett's c.s. c.s, Pacinian. See Pacinian's c.s. 
c.s, Patterson's. See under Patterson, c, pave- 
ment-. See cells, endothelial, c.s, phantom-. De- 
colorized blood-corpuscles; and see blood-platelets. 
c, polar-, the centrosome. c.s, Reissner's. See 
under Reissner. c, Rollett's nerve-. See Mazzoni's 
, c. c.s, • shadow-. See achromacyte. c.s, spleen-, 
c.s, splenic. See Malpighian corpuscles, c.s, tac- 
tile-. 1. {Of Wagner.) The small, oval bodies 
found in the papillae] of the skin and enveloped by 
nerve-fibers. 2. See Grandry's c.s. c, taste-. See 
taste-bud. c.s, terminal. See Krause's c.s. c.s, 
touch-. See c.s, tactile-, c.s, Toynbee's. See under 
Toynbee. c.s, transparent, of Norris. See Norris' 
c.s, invisible, c.s, Traube's. See achromacyte. c.s, 
typhic, the epithelial cells of Peyer's patches which 
in typhoid fever have become granulated through 
degeneration, c.s, Vater's, c.s, Vater-Pacini's. 
See Pacinian cs. c.s, Virchow's. See c.s, corneal. 
c, Zimmermann's. See under Zimmermann. 

corpuscula (kor-pus'-ku-lah) [L.]. Plural of cor- 
pusculum. 

corpuscular {kor-pus'-ku-lar) [corpuscle]. Relating 
to or of the nature of a corpuscle. 

corpusculation (kor-pus-ku-la'-shun) [corpusculum, 
a corpuscle]. A condition in which the corpuscles 
of the blood have undergone hyperplasia, being larger 
and more numerous than normal. 

corpusculous (kor-pus'-ku-lus) [corpusculum, a 
corpuscle]. Corpuscular. 

corpusculum (kor-pus'-ku-lum) [L. dim. of corpus; 
pi., corpuscula]. A little body; a corpuscle, c. 
articulare mobile. See arthrolith. corpuscula ossea, 
ca. radiata, ca. chalicophora. See bone. c. lamel- 
losum. See Pacinian corpuscles, c. triticeum. See 
cartilago triticea. corpuscula Wrisbergii, the cunei- 
form cartilages. 

corradiation {kor-ra-de-a'-shun). The act of 
radiating together, as focused rays. 

correctant, corrective {kor-ek'-tant, kor-ek'-liv) 
[corrigere, to correct]. 1. Modifying favorably. 
2. A substance used to modify or make more pleasant 
the action of a purgative or other remedy. 

correction {kor-ek '-shun) [correctus; corrigere, to 
amend]. The rectification of any abnormality (as a 
refractive or muscular defect), or of any undesir- 
able quality (as in a medicine). 

correlated (kor'-el-a-ted) [correlatus, related]. In- 
terdependent; related, c. atrophy. See atrophy. 

correlation (kor-el-a'-shun) [correlatus, related]. 
Interdependence; relationship. 

Corrigan's button, or cautery (kor'-ig-an) [Sir 
Dominic John Corrigan, Irish physician, 1802-1880]. 
A button-shaped cautery iron fastened in a wooden 
handle. Cs disease. 1. Aortic insufficiency. 2. 
Cirrhosis of the lung. C.'s line, the purple or 
brownish-red line on the margin of the gums in 
chronic copper-poisoning. C.'s pulse, "water-ham- 
mer pulse"; the abrupt, quickly receding, jerking 
pulse of aortic insufficiency. C.'s respiration, 



CORRIGENT 



253 



COSTAL 



"nervous or cerebral respiration." Frequent shallow 
and blowing breathing in low fevers — e. g., in typhus. 
C.'s sign, an expansive pulsation felt in cases of 
aneurysm of the abdominal aorta. 

corrigent (kor'-ij-ent). See correctant. 

corroborant (kor-ob'-o-rant) [corroborans, strength- 
ening]. A tonic invigorating remedy. 

corrosion (kor-o'-zhun) [con, together; rodere, to 
gnaw]. The process of corroding or the state of being 
corroded, c.-anatomy, that branch of anatomy 
which demonstrates an anatomical specimen by 
means of a corrosive process that eats away those 
parts which it is not desired to preserve. In some 
cases a resisting-substance is injected, so as to pre- 
serve the vessels and ducts from corrosion, c- 
preparation, one in which the vessels, ducts, or cavi- 
ties of organs are filled by a fluid that will harden 
and preserve the shape of the vessel or cavity after 
the organ itself is corroded, digested, or otherwise 
destroyed. 

corrosive (kor-o'-siv) [see corrosion], i. Eating 
away. 2. A substance that destroys organic tissue 
either by direct chemical means or by causing inflam- 
mation and suppuration, c. chloride, c. sublimate. 
See mercury bichloride. 

corrosol (kor'-o-sol). A proprietary mercurial 
preparation for hypodermic use ; said to contain caco- 
dylate and succinate of mercury, and to be non- 
irritating and painless. 

corroval (kor'-o-val). A variety of curare, or 
arrow-poison; a cardiac and muscular paralyzant. 

corrovaline (kor-o'-val-en). A poisonous alkaloid 
obtained from corroval. 

corrugator (kor'-u-ga-tor) [corrugere, to wrinkle]. 
That which wrinkles. See under muscle. 

corset (kor'-set). In surgery, an investment for 
the abdomen or chest, or both; useful in some spinal 
disorders and deformities, and in fractures or injuries 
of the thoracic walls, c.-liver, a liver characterized 
by a furrow resulting from the pressure exerted by a 
corset and situated chiefly in the right lobe. It is 
due to habitual tight lacing, and hence is found in 
women and, rarely, among soldiers. 

Corsican moss. A mixture of fragments of various 
seaweeds brought from Corsica. It is said to be 
alterative, febrifuge, anthelmintic, and nutritious. 
Syn., Helminthochorton. 

cortex (kor'-teks) [L., "bark"]. 1. The bark of 
an exogenous plant. 2. The surface-layer of an 
organ. 3. The external gray layer of the brain, the 
substantia corticalis, or cortical substance. 4. The 
peripheral portion of an organ, situated just beneath 
the capsule, c. aurantii, orange-peel. c. cerebri. 
See cortex (3). c. corticis, the outer sheath of the 
kidney, c. degeneration. Synonym of general 
paralysis of the insane. See under paralysis, c. 
renalis, the cortical substance of the kidney. 

Corti's arch (kor'-te) [Marchese Alfonso Corti, 
Italian histologist, 1822-1876]. The arch formed 
in the organ of Corti by the two files of rods. C.'s 
canal, the triangular canal formed by the pillars of 
Corti, the base of which corresponds to the mem- 
brana basilaris. It extends over the entire length 
of the lamina spiralis. C.'s cells, the outer hair- 
cells of Corti's organ. C.'s fibers. See C.'s rods. 
C.'s ganglion, the ganglion spirale, an aggregation 
of ganglion-cells in the spiral canals of the cochlea. 
C.'s membrane, the membrana tectoria of the 
cochlea. C.'s organ, a complicated organ, the 
product of differentiation of the epithelial lining of 
the cochlear canal, resting on the basilar membrane 
of the cochlea and containing the end-organs of the 
cochlear nerves. C.'s rods, the pillars of the arch 
of the organ of Corti. C.'s teeth, the auditory 
teeth; the tooth-like projections on the edge of the 
limbus lamina? spiralis of the ear. C.'s tunnel. 
Same as C.'s canal. 

cortical (kor'-tik-al) [cortex]. Pertaining to the 
cortex or bark or to the cortex of any organ or 
structure, c. cataract, opacity in the cortex of the 
lens. c. epilepsy, c. paralysis, such as is due to a 
lesion of the cortical substance of the brain. 

corticate (kor'-te-kat). Furnished with a bark or 
cortex. 

corticifugal (kor-te-sif -u-gal) [cortex; fugere, to 
flee]. Conducting away from the cortex. 

corticipetal (kor-te-sip'-et-al) [cortex; petere, to 
seek]. Conducting toward the cortex. 

corticoafferent (kor-te-ko-af'-er-ent). See cortici- 
petal. 



corticoefferent (kor-te-ko-ef'-er-ent). See cortici- 
fugal. 

corticospinal (kor-tik-o-spi'-nal). Pertaining to 
the cortex of the brain and the spinal cord. 

corundum (ko-run'-dum) [Hind., kurand], A na- 
tive crystalline aluminum oxide, AI2O3. Mixed with 
melted shellac, it is formed into wheels for use in 
the dental laboratory and for grinding in general. 

coruscation (kor-us-ka'-shun) [coruscare, to glitter]. 
A glittering or flashing of light, also the subjective 
sensation of light-flashes. 

Corvisart's disease (kor-ve-sar') [Jean Nicolas 
Corvisart, French physician, 1755-1821]. Idiopathic 
cardiac hypertrophy. C.'s fades, the facies of 
cardiac insufficiency. 

corybantism (kor-e-banf -izm) [kopvPclvththos, cory- 
bantic frenzy]. Maniacal frenzy, with sleeplessness, 
choreic excitement and visual hallucinations. 

corydalin (kor -id' -al- en) [corydalis]. 1. An extract 
from the root of Corydalis formosa (Dicentra canaden- 
sis) ; it is used in syphilis and scrofula. 

corydaline (kor-id'-al-in). An alkaloid, C22H27NO4 
(Freund) from Corydalis tuberosa; it is used as a 
heart-tonic. Dose 1-5 gr. (0.065-0.032 Gm.). 

corydalis (kor-id'-al-is) [KopvSaWls, the crested 
lark]. 1. Turkey -corn. The tuber of C. formosa 
(Dicentra canadensis), a tonic, diuretic, and altera- 
tive. Dose of fluidextract 10-40 min. (0.6-2.5 Cc). 
2. A genus of plants of the order Papaveracea. 
C. tuberosa, holewort, hollowwort, is an herb in- 
digenous to Europe; the rhizome is anthelmintic 
and emmenagogue. It contains corydaline and 
corydine. 

corydine (kor' -id-en). An amorphous alkaloid 
from Corydalis tuberosa. 

coryfin (kor' -if -in). Ethyl glycolic acid ester of 
menthol. 

coryl (kor'-il). The name given to an anesthetic 
composed of ethyl chloride and methyl chloride in 
such proportions that the boiling-point of the mixture 
is about 32 F. 

coryleur (kor-il-ur') . An apparatus for spraying 
with coryl. 

Corynebacterium (kor-i'-ne-bak-te'-re-um)) [kopvvti, 
a club; bacterium]. A genus of bacilli, club-shaped, 
granular and gram-positive. C. commune, the 
pseudo-diphtheria bacillus. C. diphtheriae, the 
bacillus of diphtheria. C. granulomatis maligni, C. 
hodgkini, a bacillus of diphtheroid nature found in 
Hodgkin's disease. C. mallei, the bacillus of 
glanders. 

coryza (ko-ri'-zah) [Kopv£a, a running at the nose]. 
Catarrh of the mucous membrane of the nasal 
passages and adjacent sinuses, popularly called a 
"cold in the head." See rhinitis, c. caseosa, a term 
applied by Cozzolino to a disease in which the 
nostrils are filled with caseous masses, c. idiosyn- 
cratic. See hayfever. c. maligna, synonym of 
snuffles of the newborn, c. periodic vasomotor. 
See hay-fever, c, vasomotor. Synonym of hay- 
fever. 

cosaprin (kos'-ap-rin), CeH4<^j _co— CH A 
sulphoderivative of acetanilide; it is a whitish-gray 
powder with a slightly saline taste, freely soluble in 
water. It is used as an antipyretic instead of 
acetanilide. Dose 5-8 gr. (0.3-0.5 Gm.) 3 times 
daily. 

cosmesis (koz-me'-sis) [noanelv, to adorn]. The 
art of preserving or increasing beauty. 

cosmetic (koz-met'-ik) [Koa/ielv, to adorn]. 1. 
Beautifying. 2. A remedy designed to hide defects 
of the skin or other external parts, c. operation, a 
surgical operation to give a natural appearance to a 
defective or unsightly part. 

cosmetology (koz-met-ol'-o-je) [Koaneros, orderly; 
X670S, science]. The science of the proper care of 
the body with respect to cleanliness, dress, etc. 

cosmic (koz'-mik) [k6<tp.os, the universe]. World- 
wide; of wide distribution, as a cosmic disease. 

cosmoline (koz'-mo-len). See petrolatum. 

costa (kos'-tah) [L.: pi., costce]. A rib. costs 
fluctuantes, floating ribs, costae illegitimae, c. 
mendosae, c. spuriae, false ribs, costae legitimae, 
c. verae, true ribs. 

costal (kos'-tal) [costa]. Pertaining to the ribs. 
c. arch, the arch of the ribs. c. cartilages, the 
twelve cartilaginous extensions of the ribs. c. 
respiration, respiration carried on chiefly by the chest 
muscles. 



COSTALGIA 



254 



COUGH 



costalgia (kos-tal'-je-ah) [costa, a rib; &X70S, pain]. 
Intercostal neuralgia; pain in the ribs. 

costate (kos'-tat). Ribbed; furnished with ribs or 
connecting structures. 

costectomy (kos-tek'-to-me) [costa; Ihtom, excision]. 
Excision of a rib; costotomy. 

costen (kos'-ten) [costa, a rib]. Belonging to a 
rib in itself. 

Coster's paste. A remedy formerly used in the 
treatment of tinea tonsurans. It is made of iodine, 
2 drams, in one ounce of oil of pitch. 

costicartilage (kos-te-kar'-til-aj) [costa, a rib; 
cartilago, gristle]. A costal cartilage or unossified 
sternal rib. 

costicervical (kos-te-ser'-vik-al) [costa, a rib; 
cervix, a neck]. Relating to the neck and ribs. 

costicervicalis (kos-te-ser-vik-a'-lis) [costa, a rib; 
cervix, the neck]. The cervicalis ascendens muscle. 
See muscles, table of. 

costiform (kos'-te-form). Rib-shaped. 

costispinal (kos-te-spi'-nal) [costa, a rib; spina, the 
spine]. Relating to the ribs and vertebral column. 
c. muscles, levatores costarum. See muscles, table 
of. 

costive (kos'-tiv) [constipare, to be bound]. Consti- 
pated; affected with costiveness. 

costiveness (kos'-tiv-ness) [costive]. An abnor- 
mality of digestion characterized by retention and 
hardness of the feces; constipation. 

costo- (kos-to-) [costa]. A prefix denoting con- 
nection with the ribs. 

costoabdominal (kos-to-ab-dom'-in-al). Relating 
to the ribs and the abdomen. 

costocentral (kos-to-sen'-tral). Pertaining to a rib 
and the body (or centrum) of a vertebra with which 
it articulates. 

costochondral {kos-to-kon'-dral). Pertaining to 
the ribs and their cartilages. 

costoclavicular {kos-to-klav-ik'-u-lar) . Pertaining 
to the ribs and the clavicle. 

costocolic {kos-to-kol'-ik). Relating to the ribs and 
the colon. 

costocoracoid (kos-to-kor'-ak-oid). Pertaining to 
the ribs and the coracoid process. 

costohumeral (kos-to-hu'-mur-al). Conne'cted with 
the ribs and humerus. 

costoinferior (kos-to-in-fe'-re-or). Relating to the 
lower ribs; applied to a form of respiration in which 
the lower ribs move more than the upper. 

costopubic {kos-to-pu'-bik). Relating to the ribs 
and the pubis. 

costopulmonary (kos-to-pul'-mon-a-re). Relating 
to the ribs and the lungs. 

costoscapular (kos-to-skap'-u-lar). 1. Relating to 
the ribs and the scapula. 2. The serratus magnus 
muscle. 

costosternal (kos-lo-stur'-nal). Pertaining to the 
ribs and the sternum. 

costosuperior (kos-to-sii-pe'-re-or) . Relating to the 
upper ribs. 

costotome (kos'-to-tom) [costo-; renveiv, to cut]. 
A strong knife or heavy shears with the under blade 
in the shape of a hook, for cutting the costal cartilages 
in dissection, etc. 

costotomy (kos-tot'-o-me) [costa; rofiri, section]. 
Resection or division of a rib. 

costotrachelian (kos-to-tra-ke'-le-an). Relating to 
the ribs and to the transverse processes of the cervical 
vertebrae. 

costotransverse (kos-to-tranz'-vers). 1. Pertaining 
to the ribs and transverse vertebral processes. 2. The 
scalenus lateralis. See under muscle. 

costotransversectomy (kos-to-tranz-vers-ek '-to-me) 
[costotransverse; Ihtom, a cutting out]. Excision of 
part of a rib and a transverse vertebral process. 

costovertebral (kos-to-ver-te'-bral). Pertaining to 
the ribs and vertebrae. 

costoxiphoid (kos-to-zif'-oid). Relating to the ribs 
and to the ensiform cartilage. 

cot (kot) [AS., cote]. 1. A small bed. 2. The 
finger of a glove. See finger-cot. c, fever-, c, 
Kibbee's, a bed devised especially for applying cold- 
water treatment to fever patients. 

Cotard's syndrome. A form of paranoia charac- 
terized by delusions of negation, with sensory 
disturbances and a tendency to suicide. Syn., 
Delire chronique des negations. 

cotargit (ko-tar'-jit). Trade name of a substance 
composed of cotarnin hydrochloride and ferric chlor- 
ide; it is used as a hemostatic. 



cotarnine (ko-tar'-nin) [an anagram of narcotine], 
C12H15NO4. An oxidation-product of narcotine. 
c. hydrochloride, C12H15NO4 . HC1 . H2O, small yellow 
crystals, soluble in water and alcohol. It is an 
internal hemostatic. Dose 5-2 gr. (0.03-0.13 Gm.). 
Syn., stypticin. 

COTe. An abbreviation for cathodal opening 
tetanus. 

coto (ko'-to) [Sp. "a cubit"]. Coto bark. The 
bark of a tree native to Bolivia. It contains a bitter 
principle, cotoin, C22H18O6, irritant to the skin and 
mucous membranes. It is recommended for diarrhea 
and zymotic fevers, and for the night-sweats of 
pulmonary tuberculosis. Dose of the powder 1-15 
gr. (0.065-1.0 Gm.); of the fiuidextract 5-15 min. 
(0.32-1.0 Cc); of the tincture (1 : 10) 10-30 min. 
(0.65-2.0 Cc). 

cotoin (ko'-to-in) [coto], C22H18O6. An astringent 
principle from coto (q. v.). It is employed in dysen- 
tery and cholera. Dose §-5 gr. (0.03-0.3 Gm.). 
Paracotoin is one-half as strong as cotoin. 

cottage-hospital (kot'-aj-hos'-pit-al). A small 
establishment for the purpose of providing for the 
sick in a small and isolated community. 

Cotting's operation (kot'-ing) [Benjamin Eddy 
Cotting, American surgeon, 1812-1898]. For in- 
growing toe-nail; all the overlying tissues, together 
with the sides of the toe, are sliced off freely. The 
contraction in healing produces a cure. 

cotton (kot'-n) [Ar., qiltun, cotton]. Gossypium, 
a white, fibrous seed-hair that envelops the seeds of 
the cotton-plant, c, absorbent, cotton so prepared 
that it readily absorbs water. See also gossypium. 
c, gun-. See pyroxylin, c.-oil. See c.-seed oil. 
c.-root, c.-root bark. See under gossypium. c.-seed 
oil, an oil obtained by pressure from the hulled seeds 
of several species of gossypium (q. v.). c, styptic, 
cotton saturated with a styptic substance, c. wool, 
absorbent cotton. 

cottonoid (kot'n'-oid). Trade name of absorbent 
cotton prepared for surgical use. 

Cotugno's canal (ko-toon'-yo) [Domenico Cotugno, 
Italian anatomist, 1736-1822]. The aquseductus 
vestibuli. Syn., canalis cotunnii. C.'s disease, 
sciatica. Syn., malum cotunnii. C.'s liquor, the 
perilymph of the osseous labyrinth of the ear. Syn., 
liquor cotunnii. C.'s nerve, the naso-palatine nerve. 
C.'s space, the saccus endolymphaticus of the internal 
ear. 

Cotunnius {ko-tun' -ne-us) . See Cotugno. 

cotyle (kot'-i-le) [kotv\t), a socket, cup]. The 
acetabulum. 

cotyledon (kot-il-e'-don) [kotvXijS&v, a socket]. 
1. Any one of the enlarged, vascular villi of the 
chorion which project into depressions of the decidua 
vera. 2. Any one of the numerous rounded portions 
into which the uterine surface of the placenta is di- 
vided. 3. A genus of plants of the order Crassulacea. 
C. umbilicus, navelwort of Europe, has been highly 
recommended in epilepsy, but its medicinal proper- 
ties are feeble. 

cotyloid (kot'-il-oid) [kotvXt), a cup; elSos, form]. 
Cup-shaped, c. cavity, c. fossa, the acetabulum. 
c. ligament, a ligament surrounding the acetabulum. 
c. notch, a notch in the anterior and lower border of 
the acetabulum. 

cotylopubic (kot-il-o-pu'-bik). Relating to the 
acetabulum and the os pubis. 

cotylosacral (kot-il-o-sa'-kral). Relating to the 
acetabulum and the sacrum. 

couch-grass {kowtch'-gras). See triticum. 

couching (kowtch'-ing) [Fr., coucher, to depress]. 
The operation, now fallen into disuse, of depressing a 
cataractous lens into the vitreous chamber, where it 
was left to be absorbed. 

cough (kof, or kawf). A sudden, violent expulsion 
of air after deep inspiration and closure of the 
glottis, c, chin whooping-cough, c, dry, that 
unattended by expectoration. c, ear-, cough 
excited refiexly from some morbid condition of the 
ear. c, moist, cough with free expectoration, c.,. 
Morton's. See under Morton, c, pleuritic, the 
dry, short, frequent cough of pleurisy, pneumonia, 
and phthisis, which accompanies the pain and fric- 
tion-sounds of pleurisy and disappears with effusion 
or when bronchitis supervenes, c, reflex, cough 
produced by irritation of a remote organ, c, 
stomach-. See c, reflex, c, Sydenham's. See 
under Sydenham, c, uterine, a reflex cough occurring 
in sufferers from genital disease due to irritation of 



COULOMB 



255 



CRACKED-POT SOUND 



the uterovaginal fibers of the hypogastric plexus 
supplying the fornix vaginae and cervix uteri and the 
nerves and ganglia supplying the fundus uteri 
and ovaries, c, winter-, a short troublesome cough 
of old people due to chronic bronchitis, and recurring 
every winter. 

coulomb (koo-lom') [Charles Augustin de Coulomb, 
French physicist, 1736-1806]. The unit of measure- 
ment of electrical quantity; the quantity of electricity 
that passes during one second through a conductor 
having a resistance of one ohm, with one volt of 
electromotive force. The microcoulomb is the mil- 
lionth part of this amount. 

Coulomb's law (koo-lom') [see coulomb]. The 
force exerted between electrically charged bodies, 
placed at a distance, is directly proportional to the 
products of the amounts of charge and inversely 
proportional to the square of the distance between 
them. 

coumarin (koo' -mar-in), C9H6O2. A vegetable 
proximate principle found in Dipteryx odorata, Tonka 
bean, and in Melilotus officinalis. It conceals the 
odor of iodoform. 

counteraction (kown-ter-ak'-shun). The action of 
a drug or agent opposed to that of some other drug 
or agent. 

counterdies. See dies. 

counterextension (kown-ter-eks-ten'-shun) . See 
under extension. 

counterfissure (kown-ter-fish'-ur). [See conlra- 
fissura. 

counterindication (jkown-ter-in-dik-a'-shun). See 
contraindication. 

counterirritant {kown-ter-ir' -it-ant). An agent 
which produces counterirritation; a drug which 
attracts blood to the surface. 

counterirritation (kown-ter-ir-it-a'-shun) [contra, 
against; irritare, to irritate]. Superficial inflamma- 
tion produced artificially, in order to exercise a good 
effect upon some adjacent or deep-seated morbid 
process. 

counteropening (kown'-ter-o-pen-ing) [contra; open- 
ing]. An incision made in an abscess or cavity, 
opposite to another, generally for purposes of drainage. 

counterpoison (kown'-ter-poi-zn) [contra; poison]. 
A poison given as an antidote to another poison. 

counterpressure (kown'-ter-presh-ur). Pressure 
opposed to pressure. 

counterpuncture (kown'-ter-punk-chur). See coun- 
teropening. 

counterstain (kown'-ter-stdn). 1. A stain used to 
bring into contrast parts of tissues colored by another 
stain. 2. To apply a counterstain. 

counterstroke (kown'-ter-strok). See contrecoup. 

Countess's powder. Synonym of cinchona bark. 

coup de fouet (koo-der-foo-a') [Ft. stroke of a 
whip]. Lawn-tennis leg; rupture of the plantaris 
muscle. 

coup de soleil (koo-der-so-lay') [Ft.]. Sunstroke. 
See Heat-stroke. 

coupler {kup'-ler) [copulare, to bind]. 1. Used for 
fastening wire to a tooth to correct dental irregu- 
larities. 2. A device for connecting parts of an 
electric apparatus. 

courbometer (koor-bom'-et-er) [Ft., courbe, a curve; 
nerpov, a measure]. A device of Chatelain to show 
the curve of the alternating current. 

courses (kors'-ez). See menses. 

court-plaster (kort'-plas-ter). See plaster. 

Courvoisier's law (koor-vwah-ze-a') [Ludwig G. 
Courvoisier, French surgeon, 1843- ]. 1. Tumors 
of the head of the pancreas almost invariably cause 
dilatation of the gall-bladder. 2. In the majority of 
instances of obstruction of the common bile-duct by 
gall-stone the gall-bladder is contracted; in obstruc- 
tion from other causes the gall-bladder is dilated. 

cousso {koo' -so). See cusso. 

Coutoubea (koo-too'-be-ah) [South American name]. 
A genus of plants of the order Gentianece. C. spicata, 
of Brazil, is emmenagogue and anthelmintic. 

couveuse {koo-vuz') [Ft.]. See incubator. 

cover-glass. In microscopy, the thin slip of glass 
covering the object mounted on the slide. 

cowage, cowhage, cowitch (kow'-aj, -itch) [Hind., 
kawdnch, cowage]. The external hairs of the pod of 
Mucuna pruriens, formerly used in medicine as a 
mechanical vermifuge. See also Mucuna. 

Cowie's guaiac test for blood in the feces. To 1 
Gm. of moist feces add 4 to 5 Cc. of glacial acetic 
acid. Extract the mixture with 30 Cc. of ether. 



Take 1 to 2 Cc. of the extract and add an equal 
volume of water; agitate; then add a few granules 
of powdered guaiac resin and allow it to dissolve. 
When dissolved gradually add 30 drops of old 
turpentine or hydrogen peroxide. The presence of 
blood is indicated by the appearance of a blue color. 

Cowling's rule (kow'-ling). A rule for dosage. 
The age of the child at the next birthday is the 
numerator and 24 the denominator. According to 
this, the dose of a child approaching four years of 
age would be ■£& = | of the dose for an adult. 

Cowper's cyst (kow'-per) [William Cowper, English 
surgeon, 1666-1709]. A retention cyst of Cowper's 
gland. C.'s glands, the bulbourethral glands; two 
compound tubular glands situated between the two 
layers of the triangular ligament, anteriorly to the 
prostate gland; they correspond to Bartholin's 
glands in the female. C.'s ligament, the portion of 
the fascia lata that is attached to the crest of the 
pubis. 

Cowperian cyst. A retention cyst formed in 
Cowper's gland. 

cowperitis (kow-per-i'-tis). Inflammation of the 
glands of Cowper, usually gonorrheal in origin. 

cowpox, cowpock (kow'-poks). A contagious 
eruptive fever occurring in the cow, and thought to 
correspond with smallpox in man. 

coxa (koks'-ah) [L., "the hip"]. The hip-joint or 
the hip. c. valga, a condition, the reverse of coxa 
vara, in which the angle between the neck and the 
shaft of the femur is increased above 140 degrees. 
c. vara, a condition in which the neck of the femur 
is bent downward sufficiently to cause symptoms; 
this bending may reach such an extent that the neck 
forms with the shaft a right angle or less, instead of 
the normal angle of 120 to 140 degrees. 

coxagra (koks-a'-grah) [coxa, the hip; ay pa, seizure]. 
1. Gout in the hip. 2. Coxalgia, sciatica. 

coxal (koks'-al) [coxa, the hip]. Relating to the coxa. 

coxalgia (koks-al'-je-ah) [coxa; aXyos, pain]. 
Literally, pain in the hip-joint, but generally used 
synonymously with hip-disease. 

coxalgic (koks-al'-jik) [coxalgia]. Relating to 
coxalgia. 

coxankylometer (koks-ang-kil-om'-et-er) [coxa; ayKv- 
\os, bent; fierpov, a measure]. Volkmann's 
instrument for measuring the deformity in hip- 
disease. 

coxarthritis (koks-ar-thri'-tis). The same as coxitis. 

coxarthrocace (koks-arth-rok'-as-e) [coxa; apdpov, 
joint; KaKos, bad]. A fungoid inflammation of the 
hip-joint. 

coxarum morbus. Hip-joint disease. 

Coxe's hive mixture. A mixture of squill and 
senna, of each, 120; tartar emetic, 3; sugar, 1200; 
calcium phosphate, 9; dilute alcohol and water, 
to 2000. 

coxitis (koks-i'-tis) [coxa; iris, inflammation]. 
Inflammation of the hip-joint, c. cotyloidea, that 
confined principally to the acetabulum, c, senile, 
a rheumatoid disease of the hip-joint occurring in old 
people, marked by pain, stiffness, and wasting, 
without any tendency to suppuration. 

coxodynia (koks-o-din'-e-ah) [coxa, hip; oSvvrj, pain]. 
Same as coxalgia. 

coxofemoral (koks-o-fem'-or-al) [coxa; femur, the 
thigh-bone]. Relating to the hip and the femur, as 
the coxofemoral joint — the hip-joint. 

coxopathy (koks-op'-ath-e) [coxa; vaBos, disease]. 
Any affection of the hip-joint. 

coxotuberculosis {koks-o-tu-ber-ku-lo'-sis) [coxa, the 
hip; tuber culum, a tubercle]. Tuberculous disease 
of the hip-joint. 

c.p. Abbreviation for chemically pure. 

Cr. Chemical symbol of chromium. 

crab-louse (krab'-loivs). See Pediculus pubis. 

crabs'-eyes (krabz'-tz). 1. Flat, calcareous con- 
cretions (Lapides cancrorum) derived from the 
stomach of the crab ; they have been used as a means 
of removing foreign bodies from the eye. 2. A 
name for the seeds of Abrus precatorius. 

crab-yaws (krab'-yors). See frambesia. 

crachotement (kra-shot-mon(g)') [Ft.]. A peculiar 
reflex following operations upon the utero-ovarian 
organs, marked by a desire to spit, without the ability 
to do so. It is usually accompanied by a tendency 
to syncope. 

cracked-pot sound. A peculiar sound elicited by 
percussion over a pulmonary cavity communicating 
with a bronchus. 



CRADLE 



256 



CRANIOMETRIC 



cradle (kra'-dl) [AS., cradol]. In surgery, a wire 
or wicker frame so arranged as to keep the weight of 
the bed-clothing from an injured part of the body. 
It is employed in the treatment of fractures, wounds, 
etc. c. cap, a name given to the scabs composed of 
dirt and sebum, that form on the scalps of neglected 
infants and children, c, ice-, the suspension over a 
febrile patient, by means of iron frames, of a number 
of zinc buckets, kept half-filled with ice, and inclosed 
in a light covering, c.-pessary, a cradle-shaped pes- 
sary for treating retrodisplacements of the uterus. 




Cradle for Supporting Bedclothes. — From Ful~ 
lerton. 

cram (kram). To store the memory with informa- 
tion for the mere purpose of passing an examination, 
c.-stunt, arrest in mental development due to over- 
study. 

cramp (Jkramp) [Teut., kramp]. A spasmodic tonic 
contraction of a muscle attended with sharp pain. 
c„ intermittent, tetany, c, professional, spasm of 
certain groups of muscles, from their continuous use 
in different occupations, as writer's, hammerman's, 
piano-player's, dancer's cramp, etc. c.s, tonic (of 
fingers and toes in children), tetany. 

Crampton's muscle [Sir Philip Crampton, Irish 
surgeon, 1777-1858]. A bundle of striated muscular 
fibers extending from the annular ligament to the 
sclera in the eye of birds. 

crane's bill root. See geranium. 

cranial (kra'-ne-al) [cranium]. 1. Relating to the 
cranium. 2. Relating to position nearer the head 
end of the long axis of the body. c. bosses, flat, 
bony elevations of the frontal and parietal bones 
sometimes seen at the angles of the anterior fon- 
tanel. They are said to be a proof of hereditary 
syphilis, c.-capacity, modes of measuring. See under 
skull, c. nerves. See nerve. 

cranialis (kra-ne-a'-lis) [L.]. Cranial. 

craniectomy (kra-ne-ek'-to-me) [cranium; iKTOfir), a 
cutting out]. The surgical removal of strips or 
pieces of the cranial bones. It is performed in 
cases of microcephaly. 

craniencephalometer (kra-ne-en-sef-al-om'-et-er) 
[cranium; iyKe<pa\os, the brain; \ikrpov, a measure]. 
An instrument for determining the position of the 
gyri of the brain from the outer surface of the head. 

cranio- (kra-ne-o-) [cranium]. A prefix meaning 
relating to the cranium. 

cranioabdominal (kra-ne-o-ab-dom'-in-al). Relat- 
ing to the cranium and the abdomen; applied to 
temperaments showing a predominance of cerebral 
and abdominal influences. 

cranioacromial {kra-ne-o-ak-ro'-me-al) Relating 
to the cranium and the acromion. 

cranioaural {kra-ne-o-aw'-ral). Relating to the 
cranium and the ear. 

craniocele (kra-'ne-o-sel) [cranio-; k^XiJ, a tumor]. 
Encephalocele, q. v. 

craniocerebral (kra-ne-o-ser'-e-bral). Relating to 
the cranium and the cerebrum. 

craniocervical (kra-ne-o-ser'-vik-al). Relating to 
the cranium and the neck. 

cranioclasis {kra-ne-ok' -las-is) [cranio-; xXdo-is, a 
breaking]. See cranioclasm. 

cranioclasm (kra'-ne-o-klasm) [cranio-; ic\&etv, to 
break]. The operation of breaking the fetal head 
by means of the cranioclast. 

cranioclast (kra'-ne-o-klast) [see cranioclasm]. A 
heavy forceps for crushing the fetal head. 

cranioclasty (kra'-ne-o-klas'-te). See cranioclasm. 

craniocleidodysostosis (kra-ne-o-kli-do-dis-os-to'-sis) 
[cranio-; x^eZs, clavicle; Si>s, difficult; ostosis]. Con- 
genital defect of the clavicle associated with imperfect 
ossification of the bones of- the cranium. 

craniodiaclast (kra-ne-o-di'-ak-last) [cranio-; Sia- 
Kkav, to break into pieces]. An instrument for break- 
ing the skull in craniotomy. 

craniodidymus (kra-ne-o-did'-im-us) [cranio-; Sidv- 
pos, double]. Same as cephalopagus. 

craniofacial (kra-ne-o-fa'-shal) [cranio-; fades, face]. 
Relating to the cranium and the face. 



craniognomy {kra-ne-og'-no-me). See cephalology. 

craniograph {kra'-ne-o-graf) [cranio-; ypafaiv, to 
record]. An instrument for recording the outlines of 
the skull. 

craniography {kra-ne-og'-ra-fe) [cranio-; ypa<f>ew, 
to write]. That part of descriptive craniology the 
object of which is to describe the parts or regions of 
the skull or bones of the face. 

craniohematoncus (kra-ne-o-hem-at-ong'-kus) [cra- 
nio-; alfia, blood; 67/cos, a tumor]. Synonym of 
cephalhematoma. 

craniology (kra-ne-oV-o-je) [cranio-; \6yos, science]. 
A branch of anatomy comprising the study of skulls. 

craniomalacia (kra-ne-o-mal-a'-se-ah). See cranio- 
tabes. 

cranio mandibular (kra-ne-o-man-dib'-u-lar) [cra- 
nio-; mandibula, the mandible]. Relating to the 
skull and the lower jaw. 

craniometer (kra-ne-om'-et-er) [cranio-; y.krpov, a 
measure]. An instrument for measuring the dimen- 
sions of the skull. 

craniometric, craniometrical {kra-ne-o-met'-rik, -al) 
[see craniometer]. Pertaining to craniometry, c. 
point, any one of the points of measurement used 
in craniometry. The craniometric points are the 
following: acanthion, a point in the median line of 
the skull at the base of the nasal spine, alveolar 
point, the point between the two middle incisors of 
the upper jaw. antinion, that point on the glabel- 
lum, and in the median line, that is farthest from 
the inion. asterion, the point behind the ear where 
the parietal, temporal, and occipital bones meet. 
auricular point, the center of the orifice of the 
external auditory meatus, basion, the middle point 
of the anterior margin of the foramen magnum. 
bregma, the point where the coronal and sagittal 
sutures meet, dacryon, or dakryon, the point 
beside the root of the nose where the frontal, lacrimal, 
and superior maxillary bones meet, entomion, the 
point where the parietal notch of the temporal bone 
receives the anterior extension of the mastoid angle 
of the parietal bone, glabella, or glabellum, the 
point in the median line between the superciliary 
arches, marked by a swelling, sometimes by a de- 
pression, gnathion. Same as mental point, go- 
nion, the point at the angle of the lower jaw. hor- 
mion, the anterior point of the basilar portion of the 
united sphenooccipital bone, where it is crossed by 
the median line, inion, the external occipital 
protuberance, jugal point, the point situated at 
the angle that the posterior border of the frontal 
process of the malar bone makes with the superior 
border of its zygomatic process, koronion, the 
apex of the coronoid process of the inferior maxilla. 
lambda, the point of meeting of the sagittal and the 
lambdoid sutures, malar point, a point situated 
on the tubercle on the external surface of the malar 
bone or at the intersection of a line drawn from the 
external extremity of the frontomalar suture to the 
tubercle at the inferior angle of the malar bone and a 
line drawn nearly horizontally from the inferior 
border of the orbit over the malar bone to the superior 
border of the zygomatic arch, maximum occipital 
point, or occipital point, the posterior extremity of 
the anteroposterior diameter of the skull, measured 
from the glabella in front to the most distant point 
behind, mental point, the middle point of the 
anterior lip of the lower border of the lower jaw. 
metopion, or metopic point, a point in the middle 
line between the two frontal eminences, nasion, or 
nasal point, the middle of the frontal suture at the 
root of the nose, obelion, the part Of the sagit- 
tal suture between the two parietal foramina. 
occipital point. See maximum occipital point in this 
table, ophryon, the middle of the supraorbital 
line, which, drawn across the narrowest part of the 
forehead, separates the face from the cranium. 
opisthion, the middle point of the posterior border 
of the foramen magnum, prosthion, the alveolar 
point, pterion, the point where the frontal, parietal, 
temporal, and sphenoid bones come together, rhi- 
nion, the upper median point of the anterior nasal 
opening, spinal point. Same as subnasal point. 
stephanion, inferior, the point where the ridge 
for the temporal muscle intersects the coronal 
suture, stephanion, superior, the point where the 
coronal suture crosses the temporal ridge, subnasal 
point, the middle of the inferior border of the an- 
terior nares at the base of the nasal spine, supra- 
auricular point, the point vertically over the auri - 



CRANIOMETRY 



257 



CREDE'S OINTMENT 



cular point at the root of the zygomatic process. 

SUPRANASAL POINT, SUPRAORBITAL POINT. Same as 

ophryon. symphysion, the median point of the 
outer border of the alveolus of the lower jaw. vertex, 
the superior point of the skull. In obstetrics, that 
conical portion of the skull the apex of which is at the 
posterior fontanel and the base of which is formed 
by the biparietal and trachelobregmatic diameters. 

craniometry (kra-ne-om'-et-re) [see craniometer]. 
The ascertainment of the proportions and measure- 
ments of skulls. 

craniopagus (kra-ne-op'-ag-us). See cephalopagus. 

craniopathy (kra-ne-op'-ath-e). See cephalopathy. 

craniopharyngeal (kra-ne-o-far-in'-je-al) . Relating 
to the cranium and the pharynx. 

craniophore (kra'-ne-o-for) [cranio-; <pepet.v, to 
bear]. A device for holding the skull during cranio- 
metric study. 

cranioplasty {kra'-ne-o-plas-te) [cranio-; TrXatrros, 
formed]. The surgical restoration or correction of 
cranial deficiencies. 

craniorrhachischisis {kra-ne-or-rak-is' -kis-is) [cra- 
nio-; /Jdxis, spine; ax""*, a cleaving]. Congenital 
fissure of the skull and spine. 

cranioschisis (kra-ne-os'-kis-is) [cranio-; a\i<Tis, a 
cleaving]. Congenital fissure of the skull. 

craniosclerosis (kra-ne-o-skle-ro'-sis) [cranio-; o-kKij- 
pbs, hard]. A condition the antithesis of that seen 
in cranio tabes. A thickening of the cranial bones, 
usually due to rhachitis. 

cranioscopy (kran-e-os'-ko-pe). See phrenology. 

craniospinal (kra-ne-o-spi'-nal) [cranio-; spina, 
spine]. Pertaining to the cranium and spinal 
column. 

craniostegnosis (kra-ne-o-steg-no'-sis) [cranio-; arty- 
vuhtis, contraction]. Contraction of the skull. 

craniostenosis {kra-ne-o-sten-o'-sis). See cranio- 
stegnosis. 

craniostosis (kran-e-os-to'-sis) [cranio-; barkov, a 
bone]. Congenital ossification of the cranial sutures. 

craniotabes (kra-ne-o-ta'-bez) [cranio-; tabes, a 
wasting]. An atrophy of the cranial bones occurring 
in infancy, with the formation of small, shallow, conical 
pits in the bone-substance. Craniotabes results from 
rhachitis, syphilis, or marasmus. 

craniotabetic (kra-ne-o-tab-et'-ik) [cranio-; tabere, 
to waste away]. Pertaining or belonging to cranio- 
tabes, q. v. 

craniothoracic {kra-ne-o-thor-as'-ik). Relating to 
the skull and the thorax; applied to temperaments 
showing a predominance of cerebral and thoracic 
influences. 

craniotome (kra'-ne-o-tom) [cranio-; rkftveiv, to 
cut]. An instrument used in craniotomy. 

craniotomy (kra-ne-ot'-o-me) [cranio-; Topfi, a 
cutting], i. The operation of reducing the size of 
the fetal head by cutting or breaking it up, when 
delivery is otherwise impossible. 2. The excision 
of a part of the skull, c, linear. See craniectomy. 

craniotonoscopy (kra-ne-o-ton-os'-ko-pe) [cranio-; 
tow, tone; onoirtiv, to examine]. An auscultatory 
method devised by Gabritschewsky for the localiza- 
tion of changes in the bones of the skull (thinning 
or thickening) by means of the variations in sound 
transmitted through the bones and a special resonator 
(pneumatoscope) placed in the mouth. 

craniotractor (kra-ne-o-trak'-tor) [cranio-; tractor, 
a drawer]. A cranioclast designed to be used also, 
or mainly, as a tractor. 

craniotripsotome {kra-ne-o-trip' -so-torn) [cranio-; 
rptyis, a rubbing; rop.ij, a section, v. Cassagny's 
instrument for performing cranioclasty. 

craniotrypesis (kra-ne-o-trip-e'-sis) [cranio-; rpvinj- 
<r«, a boring]. Trephining. 

craniotympanic (kra-ne-o-tim-pan'-ik) [cranio-; tym- 
panum]. Pertaining to the skull and the tympanum. 

craniovertebral (Jzra-ne-o-ver'-te-bral). Same as 
cerebrospinal. 

craniovisceral (kra-ne-o-vis'-ur-al). Relating to the 
cranium and the viscera. 

cranitis (kra-ni'-tis). Inflammation of one or more 
of the cranial bones. 

cranium (kra'-ne-um) [upavlov, the skull]. The 
skull. The cavity that contains the brain, its mem- 
branes, and vessels, c. cerebrale, the cerebral 
cranium or calvaria. c. viscerale, the visceral cra- 
nium, or bones of the face. 

crank (krank) [Ger., sick]. A popular term for an 
eccentric individual or a hobby-rider. See paranoiac. 

cranter (kran'-ter) [upavrop, upaLvew, to finish, 

10 



render perfect: pi., cranteres]. A wisdom-tooth. The 
dentes sapiential are sometimes so called becaused 
their presence is necessary to a perfect denture. 

crapaudine (krap'-aw-den) [Fr., crapaud, a toad]. 
In veterinary surgery, an ulcer on the coronet of a 
horse's hoof. 

crapulent, crapulous {krap'-u-lent, -lus) [crapula, 
drunkenness; surfeit]. Marked by excess in eating 
and drinking. 

craquement (krahk'-mon(g)) [Fr.]. Any crackling 
sound heard in auscultation. 

craseology, crasiology (kras-e-ol'-o-je) [tcpaais, 
mixture; A070S, science]. The science of tempera- 
ments. 

crasis (kra'-sis) [/cpa<ns, mixture]. Temperament, 
constitution, c, verminous, an old term used to 
designate a peculiar dyscrasia of the system due to 
the presence of worms. 

crassamen {kras f -am-en). See crassamentum. 
c. sanguinis. See buffy coat. 

crassamentum (kras-am-en'-tum) [L., "thick- 
ness"]. A clot, as of blood. 

Crataegus (kra-te'-gus) [upaTaiyos, the hawthorn]. 
A genus of rosaceous shrubs. C. oxyacantha, a 
European shrub, contains a crystallizable principle, 
crategin, in the bark. A strong tincture in doses of 
3 drops is used in heart disease. 

crateriform (kra-ter'-if-orm) [crater, a bowl; 
forma, shape]. Goblet-shaped or deep-saucer-shaped. 
Excavated like a crater. 

cratomania (kral-o-ma'-ne-ah) [Kparos, power; 
fiavla, madness]. A delirium of exaltation in which 
the patient conceives himself to possess vast power. 

craurosis. See kraurosis. 

cravat (kra-vat') [Fr., cravate]. A bandage of 
triangular shape, used as a temporary dressing for a 
wound or fracture. The middle is applied to the 
injured part, and the ends are brought around and 
tied. 

craw-craw (kraw'-kraw). A variety of filariasis: 
see filar ia sanguinis hominis. 

crealbin (kre-al'-bin). An internal antiseptic said 
to consist of creolin and albumin. Syn., creolalbin. 

cream (krem) [cremor, thick juice or broth]. The 
rich fat part of milk. c. of tartar, potassium bitar- 
trate, KHC4H4O6; it is diuretic and aperient. 

creamometer (krem-om'-et-er) [cremor, cream; 
p.krpov, a measure]. An instrument for estimating 
the amount of cream in milk. 

crease (kres) [Celtic]. A line made by folding. 
c, gluteofemoral, c, iliofemoral, the crease that 
bounds the buttock below, corresponding nearly to 
the lower edge of the gluteus maximus muscle. It is 
of supposed significance in the diagnosis of hip-disease. 

creasol (kre'-as-ol) [/cpeos, flesh; oleum, oil], see 
creosol. 

creasote, creasotum (kre'-a-sot, kre-a-so'-tum). 
See creosote. 

creatin (kre'-at-in) [upkas, flesh], C4H9N3O2. A 
neutral organic substance that occurs in the animal 
organism, especially in the juice of muscles, c, 
dehydrated, creatinin. 

creatinase (kre-at'-in-as). An enzyme which con- 
verts creatin into creatinin. 

creatinemia (kre-at-in-e'-me-ah) [creatin; alfia, 
blood]. An excess of creatin in the blood. 

creatinin {kre-at'-in-in) [creatin], C4H7N3O. An 
alkaline substance, a normal constituent of urine. 
It crystallizes in rhombic prisms and is a strong 
base. # It is much more soluble than creatin. c, 
reaction for. See Jaffe, Kerner, v. Maschke, Weyl. 

creatoxism (kre-at-oks'ism). See kretoxism. 

crebruria (kreb-ru'-re-ah) [creber, close together; 
ovpov, urine]. Frequent micturition. 

creche (krash) [Fr., a crib]. A day nursery or 
nfant shelter. 

credargan (kre-dar'-gan). A proprietary prepara- 
tion of colloidal silver. 

Crede's method {kred-a') [Karl Siegmund Franz 
Crede, German gynecologist, 1810-1892]. 1. A 
prophylactic measure against ophthalmia neonatorum 
by the instillation, into the eyes of new-born children, 
of a few drops of a 1 or 2 % solution of silver nitrate. 
2. A method of expelling the placenta by grasping 
the uterus firmly through the abdominal walls, knead- 
ing it to excite contraction, and then pressing down- 
ward toward the sacrum. See Dublin method. 

Crede's ointment {kred-a') [Benno C. Crede, 
German surgeon, 1847- ]. A soluble silver oint- 
ment made from colloidal silver, applied by inunctions 



CREEK DOTS 



258 



CRESCENT 



in septicemia and pyemia. Dose $-1 dr. (2-4 Gm.), 
repeated every 12 hours until abatement of symptoms. 

creek dots. Small shining dots, of unknown 
nature and often hereditary, occurring at times in 
the retina anterior to the retinal vessels; they were 
so named by Marcus Gunn, who first described them. 

creeping sickness (krep'-ing sik'-nes). The gangre- 
nous form of ergotism. 

cremaster (kre-mas'-ter) [Kpepav, to support]. 
The muscle that draws up the testis. See under 
muscle. 

cremasteric (kre-mas-ter'-ik) [cremaster]. Pertain- 
ing to the cremaster muscle, c. reflex. See under 
reflex. 

cremation (kre-ma'-shun) [cremare, to burn]. The 
destruction of the dead body by burning, as dis- 
tinguished from interment. 

crematory (kre'-mat-or-e) [cremare, to burn]. An 
establishment for burning the bodies of the dead, 
or for consuming garbage and other refuse matter. 

cremnophobia (krem-no-fo'-be-ah) [icprifivos, a crag; 
<£6/3os, fear]. Morbid fear of precipices. 

cremometer (kre-mom'-et-er) [cream; iikrpov, a 
measure]. A graduated tube for determining the 
percentage of cream in milk. 

cremor (kre'-mor) [L., "broth"]. Cream. Any 
thick substance formed on the surface of a liquid. 
c. tartari, cream of tartar. 

cremule (krem'-ul). A troche of medicated 
chocolate cream. 

crena (kre'-nah) [L.]. A notch, especially suqh a 
notch as is seen on the sutural margins of the cranial 
bones, c. ani, the anal cleft, c. clunium, same as 
c. ani. 

crenate (kre'-nat), or crenated (kre-na'-ted) [crena, 
a notch]. Notched or scalloped. In botany, leaves 
that are serrated. See crenation. 

crenation (kre-na'-shun) [crena, a notch]. A 
notched or mulberry-like appearance of the red 
corpuscles of the blood. It is seen when they are 
exposed to the air or strong saline solutions. 

crenotherapy (kre-no-ther'-ap-e) [npiivr), a spring; 
6(paireia, treatment]. Treatment by water from 
mineral springs. 

Crenothrix (kre'-noth-riks) [kpvvti, a spring; 6pl$, 
hair]. A genus of Schizomycetes the filaments of 
which are enveloped in a gelatinous sheath. 

crenulate (kren'-u-lat) [crena, a notch]. Finely 
crenate. 

creocamph (kre'-o-kamf). A preparation of creo- 
sote and camphoric acid, added to mercurial cream, 
to lessen the pain after injection of the latter. 

creoform (kre'-o-form). A solid, tasteless anti- 
septic consisting of guaiacol, creosote, and formal- 
dehyde. 

creolalbin (kre-ol-al'-bin). See crealbin. 

creolin (kre'-o-lin) [upkas, flesh; oleum, oil]. A 
coal-tar product deprived of phenol; it is an anti- 
septic, used especially as a douche in obstetrical 
practice. It has also been used in a solution of 
5 : 1000 for irrigation of the bowel in dysentery and 
enterocolitis. 

creosal (kre'-o-sal). A dark-brown, hygroscopic 
powder, with odor and taste of creosote, obtained 
by heating beechwood creosote with tannic acid and 
phosphorous oxychloride. It is antiseptic and 
astringent, and is used in bronchial inflammations. 
Dose 15-135 gr. (1-9 Gm.) daily. Syn., tannosal. 

creosin (kre'-o-sin). A compound of creosote, 
iodine, calcium hypophosphite, and balsam of Peru; 
it is used like creosote. 

creosoform (kre-o'-so-form). A combination of 
creosote and formaldehyde, occurring as a greenish 
powder. 

creosol (kre'-o-sol) [/cpeas, flesh; oleum, oil], C8H10O2. 
One of the principal phenols contained in creosote. 
It is formed from guaiacum-resin, and is found in 
beechwood tar. It is a colorless, oily liquid of an 
agreeable odor and a burning taste, boiling at 220 C. 
It is very similar to guaiacol. 

creosolid (kre-o-sol'-id). See creosote-magnesia. 

creosomagnesol (kre-o-so-mag'-ne-sol). A dry 
mixture of potassium hydroxide, creosote, and 
magnesia; antiseptic. Dose 2 gr. (0.13 Gm.) in 
pill with honey. 

creosotal (kre-o-so'-tal). See creosote carbonate. 

creosote, creosotum (kre'-o-sot, kre-o-so'-tum) 
[icpeas, flesh; crwfetj', to preserve]. The product 
of the distillation of wood-tar, preferably that from 
the beech, Fagus sylvatica, consisting of a mixture of 



phenol-compounds. It is an inflammable oily liquid, 
differing in this respect from phenol. It does not 
coagulate albumin or collodion. Most of the com- 
mercial creosote consists of phenol or contains a 
large percentage of it. It is antiseptic, astringent, 
styptic, anesthetic, and escharotic. It is used ex- 
tensively in pulmonary tuberculosis. Dose 1-3 min. 
(0.06-0.2 Cc). c, alpha-, a preparation containing 
the constituents of normal creosote mixed in such 
proportion that it contains 25 % of crystalline 
guaiacol. c, beechwood, that obtained from 
beechwood. c. benzoate, an antiseptic used as a 
spray in diseases of the throat and nose, c.-calcium 
chlorhydrophosphate, a white, syrupy mass used 
in tuberculosis. Dose 3-8 gr. (0.19-0.52 Gm.) 
twice daily, c. carbonate, guaiacol carbonate with 
other carbonates containing 90 % of beechwood 
creosote. Maximum daily dose in tuberculosis 80 
min. (5 Cc). It is recommended in treatment of 
croupous. pneumonia. Dose 15 gr. (1 Gm.) every 2 
hours. Syn., creosotal. c.-magnesia, a mixture of 
creosote and calcined magnesia, free from odor and 
taste of creosote. It is a nonirritant antiseptic. 
Dose 8 gr. (0.52 Gm.). Syn., creosolid; magnesium 
creosotate. c. mixture (mistura creosoti, B. P.), 
creosote and glacial acetic acid, of each, 16 min. 
(1 Cc), dissolved in 15 oz. (55 Cc.) of water to 
which 1 oz. (30 Cc.) of syrup and § dr. (2 Cc.) of 
spirit of juniper have been added. Dose 1-2 dr. 
(4-8 Cc). c. ointment (unguentum creosoti, B. P.), 
creosote, 1; simple ointment, 12; for local applica- 
tion, c. oleate, a yellowish, oily liquid used in the 
same manner as creosote. Dose 40-60 min. (2.5- 
3.8 Cc.) daily. Syn., creosoteoleic ether; oleocreosote. 
c. phosphate, P04(CeH7)3, a syrupy fluid containing 
80 % of creosote and 20 % of phosphoric acid 
anhydride; it is used as a substitute for creosote. 
Syn., trier eosote phosphate, c. tannophosphate, an 
amber-colored fluid used in tuberculosis, c. valerate, 
a noncaustic fluid which is used in all forms of tuber- 
culosis. Dose 3 min. (0.2 Cc), increasing to 18-28 
min. (1.1-1.7 Cc.) daily, in milk. Syn., eosot. c. 
vapor (vapor creosoti, B. P.), for inhalation, c. water 
(aqua creosoti, U. S. P.), a 1 % solution. Dose 1-4 
dr. (4-16 Cc). 

creotoxin (kre-o-tok'-sin). See kreoioxin. 

creotoxism (kre-o-tok'-sizm). See kreotoxism. 

crepitant (krep' -it-ant) [crepitare, to crackle]. 
Possessing the character of crepitation, c. rale. 
See under rale. 

crepitatio, crepitation, crepitus (krep-it-a'-she-o, 
krep-it-a'-shun, krep'-it-us) [crepitare]. 1. The 
grating of fractured bones. 2. The crackling of 
the joints. 3. The noise produced by pressure 
upon tissues containing an abnormal amount of air 
or gas, as in cellular emphysema. 4. The sound 
heard at the end of inspiration in the first stage of 
croupous pneumonia. It closely resembles the sound 
produced by rubbing the hair between the fingers 
held close to the ear. crepitus indux, a crepitant 
rale heard in_ pneumonia at the beginning of hepati- 
zation, crepitus redux, a crepitant rale heard in 
pneumonia during the stage of resolution; usually the 
first manifestation of the recession of the disease. 
c, silken, a sensation such as is produced when two 
surfaces of silk are rubbed together, felt by the hand 
when manipulating a joint affected with hydrar- 
throsis. 

crepitus. See crepitation. 

cresalol (kres'-al-ol) [cresol; salol]. Cresol sali- 
cylate, an intestinal antiseptic. 

cresamine (kres'-am-in). An antiseptic and 
germicide mixture of ethylenediamine and tricresol. 

cresaprol (kres'-ap-rol). See cresin. 

crescent (kres'-ent) [crescere, to grow]. 1. Sickle- 
shaped, or shaped like the new moon. 2. A form of 
Plasmodium malaria; one of the crescentic, non- 
flagellate, refractive, pigmented bodies seen in the 
blood of persons suffering from protracted forms of 
malarial poisoning; i. e., after the second week in 
estivoautumnal fever, in malarial remittent fever, 
and in the cachectic victims of chronic malaria. 
c.s of Gianuzzi. See under Gianuzzi. c, gray, 
one lateral half of the gray matter of the spinal cord. 
c, myopic. See myopic crescent, c.-sphere, Lam- 
bertin's term for that phase of development of the 
malarial parasite when it becomes sausage-shaped 
or crescent-shaped. It constitutes a sexual phase of 
the parasite and is destined to be swallowed by 
Anopheles and to carry on the further life-history of 



CRESCENTIC 



259 



CRICOTHYROID 



the parasite, c.s of the spinal cord, the lateral _gray 
bands of the spinal cord as seen in horizontal section. 

crescentic (kres-en'-tik). i. Shaped like a new 
moon. 2. Derived from a member of the genus 
Crescentia; e. g., crescentic acid. 

cresegol (Jkres'-e-gol). Mercury orthonitro-para- 
sulphonate; a reddish-brown powder used as a surgi- 
cal disinfectant. 

ere sin (kre'-sin). A mixture of cresol, 25 %, and 
sodium cresoxylacetate; a brown, clear fluid, said to 
be less poisonous than phenol. It is used in 0.5 to 
1 % solution as a wound antiseptic. Syn., cresaprol. 

cresochin (kres'-o-kiri). A proprietary disinfectant 
solution containing chinolin, tricresol, and chinolin- 
tricresol sulphonate. 

cresoform (kres'-o-form). A mixture of creosote 
and formaldehyde; used externally as an antiseptic, 
and internally in tuberculous enteritis. Dose, 10- 
30 min. (0.65-2.0 c.c). 

cresol (kre'-sol) [/cpeos, flesh; oleum, oil], C7H8O. 
Cresylic acid; a body obtained from the distillation 
of coal-tar. It is a colorless, caustic liquid, with 
properties similar to those of phenol, but is superior 
as an antiseptic. Syn., paramethyl phenol, c- 
anitol, a compound of anitol and cresol, used as a 
bactericide, c. iodide. See losophan. c.-naphthol, 
a brown, viscous, tar-like liquid, insoluble in water; 
it is used as a germicide, c. salicylate, c.-salol. See 
cresalol. c, solution of, compound (liquor cresolis 
compositus, U. S. P.). See under solution. 

cresolin (kres'-o-lin) [Kpeas, flesh; oleum, oil]. 
A proprietary preparation used as a disinfectant. 

cresomagnesol (kres-o-mag'-nes-ol). A mixture of 
caustic potash, creosote, and magnesia. 

crest (krest) [crista, a crest]. A ridge or linear 
prominence, especially of bone. See crista, c, 
deltoid, a ridge on the humerus at the attachment 
of the deltoid muscle, c, ethmoid. 1. A transverse 
ridge on the inner aspect of the nasal process of the 
superior maxilla. 2. The turbinated crest, c, 
frontal, a ridge along the middle line of the internal 
surface of the frontal bone, c, iliac, c. of ilium, the 
thickened and expanded upper border of the ilium. 
c, incisor (of Henle), the forward prolongation of the 
nasal crest, terminating in the anterior nasal spine; 
the cartilage of the nasal septum rests upon it. Syn., 
crista incisiva. c, infratemporal, one on the outer 
aspect of the great wing of the sphenoid and separat- 
ing the part of the bone which partly forms the 
temporal fossa from that which aids in forming the 
zygomatic fossa, c, lacrimal, a vertical ridge di- 
viding the external surface of the lacrimal bone into 
two parts, c, lambdoid. See c, occipital, c, 
nasal, a crest on the internal border of the nasal 
bone and forming part of the septum of the nose. 
c, neural, a ridge found on either side of the neural 
tube in the embryo, c, obturator, a bony ridge 
running from the spine of the os pubis to the anterior 
end of the cotyloid notch, c, occipital, a vertical 
ridge on the external surface of the occipital bone, 
extending from the occipital protuberance to the 
foramen magnum, c, pubic, c. of pubes, a crest 
extending from the spine to the inner extremity of 
the pubes. c, sacral, c. of sacrum, a series of 
eminences forming a longitudinal ridge on the middle 
line of the posterior surface of the sacrum, c. sphe- 
noid, a thin ridge of bone in the median line of the 
anterior surface of the body of the sphenoid bone. 
c, sphenomaxillary, an arched crest formed in part 
by the anterior surface of the great wing of the 
sphenoid and in part by the pterygoid process 
forming the border of the sphenomaxillary fissure. 
c, supramastoid, a bony ridge above the external 
auditory meatus, c. of tibia, the prominent border 
or ridge on the front of the tibia; the shin, c, 
turbinated, a prominent horizontal ridge on the 
internal surface of the palate bone, c, zygomatic, 
the anterior border of the great wing of the sphenoid ; 
it articulates with the malar bone and separates the 
orbital from the temporal surface. 

cresyl (kres'-il), C7H7. The radical of cresol. 
c. alcohol, C6H4(OH)CH3, formed from phenyl alcohol 
by the substitution of a molecule of methyl for an 
atom of the hydrogen of the phenyl, c. hydrate. 
See c. alcohol. 

cresylate (kres'-il-at). Any compound of cresol 
with a metallic radical. 

cresylic acid (kres-il'-ik). See cresol. 
creta (kre'-tah) [L.]. Chalk. Native calcium 
carbonate, cretae, mistura (U. S. P.), consists of 



compound chalk powder, 20; cinnamon-water, 40; 
water, 40. It is used in diarrhea. Dose 5 oz. (15 
Cc). c. prasparata (U. S. P.), prepared chalk; 
chalk freed from impurities by washing. Dose 5-20 
gr. (0.32-1.3 Gm.). cretae, pulvis, aromaticus (B. P.). 
Dose 10 gr.-i dr. (0.65-4.0 Gm.). cretae, pulvis, 
compositus (U. S. P.), compound chalk powder; 
consists of prepared chalk, 30; acacia in powder, 20; 
sugar, 50. Dose 5 gr.-i dr. (0.32-4.0 Gm.). cretae, 
trochisci, each contains prepared chalk, 4 gr. ; acacia, 
1 gr.; sugar, 6 gr.; with a little nutmeg. 

cretaceous (kre-ta'-shus) [creta]. 1. Chalky. 2. 
Chalky-white in color. 

Cretan fever (kre'-tari) [Crete, an island in the 
Mediterranean Sea]. Same as Malta fever. 

cretef action (kre-te-fak'-shun). See calcification. 

cretin (kre'-tin) [Fr., cretin, a simple-minded 
person]. A person affected with cretinism. 

cretinism (kre'-tin-izm) [cretin]. A congenital 
disease, characterized by absence of the thyroid 
gland, diminutiveness of size, thickness of neck, 
shortness of arms and legs, prominence of abdomen, 
large size of face, thickness of lips, large and pro- 
truding tongue, and imbecility or idiocy. It occurs 
endemically in the goitrous districts of Switzerland, 
and sporadically in other parts of Europe and in 
America. Lack of the secretion of the thyroid gland 
seems to be the cause, c, acquired, c, adult. 
Synonym of myxedema. 

cretinoid (kre'-tin-oid) [cretin], 1. Resembling a 
cretin; resembling cretinism. 2. A person who 
resembles a cretin, c. state, the morbid state 
presented by a sufferer from cretinism; cretinism. 

cretinous (kre'-tin-us). Pertaining to cretinism. 

crewels (kroo'-tlz) [Fr., ecrouelles, scrofula]. 
Synonym of scrofula. 

crib (krib) [ME., crib, a manger]. A small frame 
with inclosed sides for a child's bed. 2. A stall for 
cattle, c. biting. See cribbing and windsucking. 

cribbing (krib'-ing) [crib]. The peculiar wearing 
of a horses' teeth, due to a habit of biting his crib 
or manger, and at the same time sucking air into the 
stomach. 

cribrate (krib'-raf) [cribrum]. Perforated, sieve-like. 

cribration (krib-ra'-shun) [cribrum]. 1. The state 
of being cribriform or perforate. 2. The act of 
sifting. 

cribriform (krib'-rif-orm) [cribrum]. Perforated 
like a sieve, c. fascia, the portion of the fascia of 
the thigh covering the saphenous opening, c. plate, 
the upper perforated plate of the ethmoid bone. 

cribrose (krib'-ros) [cribrum, a sieve]. In biology, 
sieve-like. 

cribrum (krib'-rum) [L.; pi., cribra]. A sieve. 
c. benedictum, a perforate septum, supposed by the 
ancients to separate two hypothetical cavities of the 
kidneys, by which the blood in the upper one was 
strained and freed from inmpurities. cribra orbitalia, 
inconstant porosities behind the edge of the orbit on 
the inferior surface of the orbital plate of the frontal 
bone ; they may be culdesacs or, when developed more 
fully, may communicate. 

Crichton Browne's sign. See Browne's sign. 

crick (krik) [ME., cricke, a twist in the neck]. 
Any painful spasmodic affection, as of the back or 
neck. 

crico- (kri-ko-) [kpUos, a ring]. A prefix denoting 
connection with the cricoid cartilage. 

cricoarytenoid (kri-ko-ar-it'-en-oid) [crico-; aryte- 
noid]. Pertaining to the cricoid and arytenoid 
cartilages. 

cricohyoid, cricohyoideus (kri-ko-hi'-oid, kri-ko- 
hi-oid'-e-us). Relating to the cricoid cartilage and 
the hyoid bone. 

cricoid (kri'-koid) [crico-; elSos, form]. Ring- 
shaped, c. cartilage, the ring-shaped cartilage of the 
larynx. 

cricoidectomy (kir-koid-ek'-to-me) [cricoid; i/cropr), 
excision]. The excision of the cricoid cartilage. 

cricopharyngeal (kri-ko-far-in'-je-al). Relating to 
the cricoid cartilage and the pharynx. 

cricothyreotomy (kri-ko-thi-re-ot'-o-me). Incision 
through the cricoid and thyroid cartilages. 

cricothyroid (kri-ko-thi'-roid) [crico-; thyroid]. 
Pertaining to the cricoid and thyroid cartilages. 
c. artery, a small branch of the superior thyroid, 
crossing the cricothyroid membrane, c. membrane, 
a ligamentous membrane that lies between the cricoid 
and thyroid cartilages, c. muscle. See under 
muscle. 



CRICOTHYROTOMY 



260 



CROSS 



cricothyrotomy {kri-ko-thi-rot'-o-me) . Cricotomy 
with division of the cricothyroid membrane. 

cricotomy (kri-kot'-o-me) [crico-; rkp.vtiv, to cut]. 
Surgical laryngotomy by cutting through the cricoid 
cartilage. 

cricotracheal, cricotrachealis (kri-ko-fra'-ke-al, -tra- 
ke-aV-is). Relating to the cricoid cartilage and 
to the trachea. 

cricotracheotomy (kri-ko-trak-e-ot'-o-me) [crico-; 
tracheotomy]. Tracheotomy through the cricoid 
cartilage. 

criminal (krim'-in-al) [crimen, an accusation, a 
crime]. Of the nature of crime, c. abortion, see 
abortion, c. assault, see assault. 

criminology {krim-in-ol'-o-je) [crimen, crime; \6yos, 
science]. The science of crime and of criminals; 
criminal anthropology; the study of crime as a branch 
of morbid psychology. 

crinate, crinated {krin'-at, krin-a'-ted) [crinis, a 
hair]. Bearded with long hairs or hair-like processes; 
crinite. 

criniform {krin'-e-form) [crinis, a hair; forma, 
form]. Filiform; resembling horsehairs. 

crino (kri'-no) [crinis, hair; pi., crinones]. I. A 
skin-affection of infants supposed to be due to the 
presence of a hair-worm. 2. Same as comedo. 

crinogenic (krin-o-jen'-ik) [npiveiv, to separate; 
yevv&v, to produce]. Stimulating the production of 
secretions generally. 

crinose (krin'-os). Hairy. 

crinosin (krin'-o-sin) [crinis, hair]. A nitrogenized 
fat from brain-substance, crystallizing in hair-like 
threads. 

crinosity (krin-os'-it-e). Hairiness. 
. Cripps' operation (krips') [William Harrison 
Cripps, English surgeon]. Iliac colotomy; an 
imaginary line from the anterior superior iliac spine 
to the umbilicus is crossed at right angles, if inches 
from the superior spine, by an incision 2§ inches long. 
The bowel is fixed in position and opened. 

crisis (kri'-sis) [icpUrts, a decisive point]. 1. A 
turning-point, as that of a disease or fever; especially, 
the sudden favorable termination of the acute symp- 
toms of an infectious disease. 2. Paroxysmal dis- 
turbance of function accompanied with pain, c, 
bronchial, a paroxysm of dyspnea sometimes occur- 
ring in tabes, c, cardiac, a paroxysm of cardiac 
distress or disordered action, crises, Dietl's. See 
Dietl's crises, c, doctrine of, the theory that the 
gradual climax of morbid phenomena was announce- 
ment of the completion of the union of morbific 
material — which could then be evacuated by the 
sweat, urine, or stools — spontaneously or by the 
administration of diuretics, purgatives, etc. c'., 
enteralgic, a paroxysm of pain in the lower part of 
the abdomen occurring in tabes, crises, gastric, 
attacks of intense, paroxysmal pain in the abdomen, 
often attended with vomiting. They occur in loco- 
motor ataxia, c, hematic, c, hemic, the crisis in a 
fever marked by increase in the number of blood- 
plates, c, nephralgic, c, nephritic, a ureteral 
paroxysm of pain observed in tabes, c, rectal, 
paroxysmal rectalgia occurring in tabes dorsalis and 
in diabetes, c, tabetic, paroxysmal pain occurring 
in the course of tabes dorsalis. 

Crismer's test for glucose {kriz'-mer) [Lion Cris- 
tner, Belgian chemist, 1858- ]. An alkaline so- 
lution of glucose when heated to boiling with a 
solution of 1 part safranin in 1000 parts water 
decolorizes the safranin solution or renders it pale 
yellow. It is not decolorized when heated with 
uric acid, creatinin, or creatin in an alkaline solution. 

crispation (kris-pa'-shun) [crispare, to curl]. 
1. See crispatura. 2. A slight involuntary quivering 
of the muscles. 

crispatura {Jkris-pah-tu'-raK) [L.]. A puckering; 
a contracture, c. tendinum, Dupuytren's contrac- 
tion. 

crista (kris'-tah) [L.]. Crest, c. acustica, a 
yellow elevation projecting into the equator of the 
ampulla of the ear. c. ampullaris. See c. acustica. 
c. basilaris. See pharyngeal tubercle, c. bucci- 
natoria, a ridge giving origin to the fibers of the 
buccinator muscle, found in the groove on the an- 
terior surface of the coronoid process of the lower 
jaw. c. capituli, one on the head of a rib dividing its 
articular surface into two parts, c. colli costae, a 
crest on the superior border of the neck of a rib. 
c. colli inferior, one on the lower aspect of the neck 
of a rib. c. colli superior, one on the upper aspect 



of the neck of a rib. c. conchalis, the inferior turbi- 
nated < crest of the maxilla and palate-bone, 
ethmoidalis, the superior turbinated crest of the 
maxilla and palate-bone. c. falciformis, a horizontal 
crest dividing the lamina cribrosa. c. galli, cock's- 
crest, the superior triangular process of the ethmoid 
bone. c. helicis, a projection of the helix above the 
external auditory meatus, c. iliaca, the crest of 
the ilium, c. ilii, the crest of the ilium, c. infra- 
temporalis, the pterygoid ridge of the sphenoid 
bone. c. interossea, the interosseous border, c. 
intertrochanterica, the posterior intertrochanteric 
line. c. lacrimalis posterior, the vertical ridge on the 
orbital surface of the lacrimal bone. c. obturatoria, 
the obturator crest of the os pubis, c. occipitalis 
externa, < the external occipital crest, c. sacralis 
articularis, one of the small tubercles of the sacrum 
representing the < articular processes of vertebra?. 
c. sacralis lateralis, one of the rudimentary trans- 
verse processes of the sacral vertebrae, c. sacralis 
media, the tubercular ridge of the sacrum, c. 
sphenoidalis, the sphenoidal crest, c. spiralis, a 
ridge on the upper border of the spiral lamina of the 
cochlea, c. transversa, the crista falciformis. 
c. tuberculi majoris, the external or posterior bi- 
cipital ridge of the humerus, c. tuberculi minoris, 
the internal or anterior bicipital ridge of the humerus. 
c. urethralis, the crest of the urethra, c. vestibuli, 
an almost vertical bony ridge on the inferior and 
median walls of the vestibule of the ear, separating 
the fovea hemielliptica from the fovea hemispha^rica. 
Syn., pyramis vestibuli. 

cristallin (kris'-tal-in). A kind of collodion, in 
which the ether and alcohol employed as solvents 
for pyroxylin are replaced by methyl-alcohol. It does 
not dry so readily as ordinary collodion. Syn., 
crystallin. 

cristate (kris'-tat). Crested. 

crith (krith) [icpidii, barley-corn]. The assumed 
unit of mass for gases. It is the weight, in vacuo, 
of one liter of hydrogen, at o° C, which is 0.0896 
of a gram, or 1.37 grains. 

critical (krit'-ik-al) [crisis]. 1. Pertaining to a 
crisis in disease, period of life, etc. 2. A quali- 
fication applied to temperature and to pressure in 
relation to gases. 

crocated (kro'-ka-ted) [see crocus]. Containing 
saffron. 

croceous (kro'-se-us). Saffron-colored; containing 
saffron. 

crocidism, crocidismus, crocidixis (kro'-sid-izm, 
kro-sid-iz'-mus, -iks'-is). See carphology. 

croconic (kro-kon'-ik). Saffron-colored. 

crocose (kro'-kos). A dextrorotary sugar obtained 
from crocin by decomposition. 

crocoxanthin (kro-ko-zan'-thiri). A yellow pigment 
occurring in the petals of Crocus aureus. 

Crocq's serum (krok) [Jean Crocq, Belgian physi- 
cian]. A two per cent, solution of sodium phosphate. 

crocus (kro'-kus) [kpokos, crocus; saffron]. Saffron. 
The stigma of the flowers of C. sativus. It is an 
aromatic stimulant, emmenagogue, and antispasmodic. 
Dose of the tincture (10 % in strength) 1-2 dr. (4-8 
Co); of the drug 5-20 gr. (0.32-1.3 Gm.) in infusion. 

crocydismus {kro-sid-iz'-mus) [icpoicvSitew, to 
pick at]. Same as carphology. 

Crombie's ulcer (krom'-be). A small ulcer on the 
gums, near the last two molar teeth, occurring in 
sprue. 

Crookes' tube [Sir William Crookes, English 
physicist, 1832- ]. A highly exhausted vacuum- 
tube used in producing x-rays. 

Cropper's bodies {krop'-er). Spindle-shaped 
masses sometimes found in the red blood corpuscles. 

cross (kros). 1. In biology, a cross-breed in 
plants, the result of cross-fertilization. 2. A struc- 
ture in which parts cross each other, c.-birth, 
shoulder-presentation, or other presentation requiring 
version, c.-education E. W. Scripture's term for the 
curious results that appear in certain cases where 
exercise of an organ or limb develops not only that 
particular organ or limb, but the corresponding one 
on the opposite side, c.-eye. See strabismus, o- 
fertilization, in biology, the fertilization of the ovules 
of one species by the seedgerms of another, c.-foot, 
pes varus, c.-knee. See genu valgum, c.-leg, a 
deformity that sometimes follows double hip-joint 
disease; the legs are crossed in walking, c.-legged 
progression, a method of walking in which one foot 
gets over or in front of the other. It is a symptom 



CROSSED 



261 



CRUSTA 



of certain cord-lesions, c, occipital. See occipital 
protuberance, internal. 

crossed (krosd). Having the shape of a cross. 
Affecting alternate sides of the body. c. amblyopia. 
See amblyopia, c. anesthesia. See anesthesia, crossed. 
c. hemiplegia, c. paralysis. See paralysis, crossed. 
c. reflexes, reflex movements on one side of the body, 
excited by stimulation of a part on the opposite side. 

crotalin (kro'-tal-in) [upbrahov, a rattle J. An 
albuminous body contained in the poison of the 
cobra. It is not coagulable by heat at 212 C. 

Crotalus (kro'-tal-us) [kpotoKov, a rattle]. A genus 
of serpents, including the typical rattlesnakes. C. 
poison, the virus of the rattlesnake, used as a remedy 
by homeopathists. 

crotaphion (kro-taf'-e-on) [KpbTa<j>os, the temple of 
the head]. A craniometrical point at the dorsal end 
of the pterion. 

crotchet (kroch'-et) [ME., crochett, a little hook]. 
A hook used in extracting the fetus after craniotomy. 

crotin (kro'-tiri). A mixture of toxic albuminoids 
contained in croton seeds. It is a yellowish powder 
containing about 21 % of ashes, soluble in water and 
in a 10 % solution of sodium chloride; it is a proto- 
plasmic poison. 

Croton {kro'-ton) [kpotuv, a tick]. A great genus 
of euphorbiaceous plants. C. eleuteria yields cas- 
carilla; C. tiglium yields croton oil. c. aldehyde, 
C4H6O, a compound obtained by the condensation 
of acetaldehyde when heated with HC1, with water 
and zinc chloride, c.-chloral. See chloral, butyl. 
c. oil (oleum tiglii, U. S. P.), a fixed oil expressed 
from the seeds of C. tiglium. See under tiglium. 

crotonallin (kro-ton-aV-in). A poisonous albu- 
minoid from the seeds of Croton tiglium. 

crotonglobulin (kro-ton-glob'-u-lin). A poisonous 
albuminoid from the seeds of Croton tiglium. 

crotonic (kro-ton'-ik). Belonging to or derived 
from a plant belonging to the genus Croton; e. g., 
crotonic acid. 

crotonism (kro'-ton-izm). Poisoning by croton oil; 
a condition marked by hemorrhagic gastroenteritis. 

crotonol (kro'-ton-ol), C9H14O2. An acid, aromatic 
principle in croton oil, believed to be the vesicant 
constituent of the oil. 

crounotherapy (kru-no-ther'-ap-e) [kpowos, a spring; 
therapy]. Riesman's term for the employment of 
mineral waters for drinking-cures. 

croup (kroop) [AS., kropan, to cry aloud]. A 
disease of the larynx and trachea of children, promi- 
nent symptoms of which are a harsh, "croupy" 
cough and difficulty in breathing; it is often accom- 
panied by the development of a membranous deposit 
or exudate upon the parts. It is usually caused by 
the diphtheria bacillus, sometimes by other micro- 
organisms. Syn., membranous croup; pseudomem- 
branous croup; true croup, c, artificial, traumatic 
membranous laryngitis, c, bronchial. See bron- 
chitis, croupous, c, catarrhal, a simple noncontagious 
inflammation of the larynx accompanied by the 
formation of membrane, c, diphtheritic, laryngeal 
diphtheria, c, false, a spasm of the muscles of the 
larynx with a slight inflammation, c, intestinal. 
See colitis, mucous, c.-kettle, a small boiler heated 
by a lamp and contained within a metallic cylinder. 
The boiler is furnished with an inhaling tube, and 
water or any medicament may be placed within it 
and the escaping steam inhaled, c, spasmodic. 
See c, false. 

croupine (kroop'-en). Laryngismus stridulus. 

croupous (kroop' -us). Pertaining to croup, c. 
membrane, the yellowish-white membrane forming 
in the larynx in croup, c. pneumonia. Same as 
lobar pneumonia; see under pneumonia. 

crowd-poison " (krowd' -poison). Volatile organic 
matter recognizable in the air of ill-ventilated places 
where many persons are congregated. 

crown (krown). See corona, c.-bark. See loxa 
bark, c, fibrous, c, radiating. See corona radiata. 
c, French. See corona veneris, c. gall, a disease of 
the peach, apricot, almont, prune, plum, apple, 
pear, English walnut, grape, raspberry, cherry, 
poplar, and chestnut, due to a parasite Plasmodium, 
Dendrophagus globosus. c. glass, a kind of glass used 
in optics, c, post and plate, a porelain facing with a 
backing of gold, and a post fitting the enlarged pulp 
canal, and a disc covering the exposed surface of the 
tooth root, c.-setting, the operation of joining an 
artificial crown to the root of a natural tooth; im- 
properly called "pivoting." c. of a tooth, the exposed 



part of the tooth above the gums, covered with 
enamel. c.-work, the adaptation of an artificial 
crown of porcelain or gold on the cervical portion 
of the natural root of a tooth. 

crucial (kru'shal) [crux, a cross]. Resembling or 
pertaining to a cross, as a crucial incision. 

crucible (kru'sib-l) [crucibulum, a melting pot]. 
A vessel of conical shape in which substances are 
exposed to the heat of a fire or furnace. 

cruciform (kru'se-form) [crux; forma, form]. 
Crucial; shaped like a cross. 

crude (krud) [L. crudus, raw, unripe]. In the 
natural form, raw, or unrefined. 

crudivorous (kru-div'-or-us) [crudus, raw; vorare, 
to devour]. Applied to savages subsisting entirely 
upon uncooked food. 

cruels (kroo'-elz). Synonym of scrofula. 

cruentous (kru-en'-tus) [cruor]. Bloody. 

cruenturesis (kru-en-tu-re'-sis) [cruentus, bloody; 
ovpov, urine]. Hematuria. 

cruor (kru'-or) [L., "blood"]. Blood, especially 
coagulated blood. 

cruorin (kru'-or-in) [cruor, blood]. Synonym of 
hemoglobin. 

crupper (krup'-er) [Fr., croupe, the rump]. 1. The 
buttocks of a horse. 2. The sacrococcygeal region. 
3. The base of the tail in mammals, c.-bone, the 
coccyx. 

crura (kru'-rah) [Plural of crus, a leg]. A name 
applied to certain parts of the body, from their 
resemblance to legs or roots; see crus. c. ampullaria, 
ampullary limbs, c. anthelicis, c. bifurcata, two 
ridges on the inner aspect of the external ear, con- 
verging at the anthelix. Syn., radices, anthelicis. 
c. cerebelli, the peduncles of the cerebellum, superior, 
middle, and inferior, c. cerebri, the peduncles of the 
cerebrum, c. of diaphragm, the muscular bundles 
arising from the vertebrae, etc., and inserted into the 
central tendon, c. of fornix. See pillars, anterior 
and posterior of the fornix, c. of penis, the corpora 
cavernosa. 

cruraeus (kru-re'-us) [L.]. See muscles, table of. 

crural (kru'-ral) [crura]. 1. Pertaining to the 
thigh. 2. Pertaining to the crus cerebri, c. arch. 
See ligament, crural, c. hernia, femoral hernia. 
c. ring, the femoral ring; the upper opening of the 
femoral canal, bounded in front by Poupart's liga- 
ment and the deep crural arch, behind by the pubis, 
internally by Gimbernat's ligament, externally by a 
fibrous band separating it from the femoral vein. 
c. septum. See septum crurale. c. sheath, the 
femoral sheath. 

crureus (kru-re'-us) [L.], One of the muscles of 
the thigh. See muscles, table of. 

crurin (kru'-rin). Edinger's name for quinolin- 
bismuth-sulphocyanide; used as a dressing for ulcers. 

cruritis (kru-ri'-tis). See phlegmasia alba dolens. 

crurogenital (kru-ro-jen'-it-al) [crura; genitalis, 
relating to generation]. Relating to the thighs and 
the genitalia. 

cruroinguinal (kru-ro-in'-gwin-al). Relating to 
the thigh and the groin. 

crus (krus) [L.; pi., crura (q. v.)]. A leg, limb, or 
support, c. anterius, anterior limb. c. breve, short 
limb. c. cerebelli, any one of the cerebellar pe- 
duncles, c. cerebri, either of the two peduncles 
connecting the cerebrum with the pons. c. clitoridis, 
crus of the clitoris, c. commune, common limb. 
c. fornicis, posterior pillar of fornix, c. helicis, 
limb of the helix, c. inferius, inferior pillar, c. 
intermedium, intermediate crus. c. laterale, lateral 
crus. c. longum, long limb. c. mediale, medial 
crus. c. of the diaphragm, either of the two fibro- 
muscular bands arising in front of the vertebras and 
inserted into the central tendon of the diaphragm. 
c. posterius, posterior limb. c. simplex, simple limb. 
c. superius, superior pillar. 

crusocreatinin (kruso-kre-at'-in-in), C5H8N4O. A 
leukomaine isolated from muscle tissue. 

crust (krust) [crusta]. A covering, especially a 
dried exudate on the skin, c, milk. See crusta 
lactea. 

crusta (krus'-tah) [L., "a crust"]. 1. See crust. 
2. The inferior portion of the crus cerebri, c. 
adamantina dentium, crust, or enamel, of the teeth. 
c. lactea, seborrhea of the scalp in infants, c. 
lamellosa, psoriasis, c. osteoides (radicis), c. petrosa, 
a thin layer of bone covering the fang of a tooth. 
c. phlogistica, the yellowish layer of the upper 
stratum of a blood-clot, coagulating slowly. 



CRUTCH 



262 



CRYSTALFIBRIN 



crutch (krutch) [ME., crutche]. A staff with a 
concave cross-piece fitting under the arm-pit, and 
often with a grip for the hands midway on the staff, 
used as a support in walking, c. paralysis, paralysis 
of an upper extremity due to the pressure of the 
crutch-head upon the nerves of the axilla, especially 
the musculospiral nerve, c, perineal, a support or 
brace of various forms by means of which the leg 
of a patient in the lithotomy position may be ad- 
justed or held at any height or angle. 

Cruveilhier's atrophy (kroo-val-yeh') [Jean Cruveil- 
hier, French pathologist, 1791-1874]. Progressive 
muscular atrophy. C.'s disease. 1. Ulcer of the 
stomach. 2. Progressive muscular atrophy. C.'s 
fascia, the superficial layer of the perineal fascia. 
C.'s plexus. 1. A plexus of the posterior cervical 
region which is derived from the great occipital nerve 
and the first and second cervical nerves. 2. The 
plexus of varicose veins in a variety of angioma. 
C.'s ulcer, simple ulcer of the stomach. 

cry (kri) [ME., crien, to cry]. The utterance of 
an inarticulate vocal sound, or the sound so uttered; 
the sound of the voice in lamentation, c, epileptic, 
see under epileptic, c, hydrencephalic, see hydro- 
cephalic cry. 

cryalgesia (kri-al-je'-ze-ah) [icpvos, cold; a\yr)o-is, 
pain]. Pain from the application of cold. 

cryesthesia (kri-es-the'-ze-ah) [icpvos, cold; alaOrjais, 
sensation]. Undue sensitiveness to cold. 

crymodynia (kri-mo-din'-e-ah) [kpvuos, icy cold; 
odvvri, pain]. Cryalgesia; pain coming on in cold or 
damp weather. 

crymotherapy (kri-mo-ther'-ap-e) [Kpvuos, icy cold; 
Btpawda, therapy]. Ribard's term for the thera- 
peutic use of great cold applied locally. A bag filled 
with carbonic snow at a temperature of — 176 F. 
is applied daily for half an hour to the pit of the 
stomach. It is previously surrounded by cotton to 
prevent injury to the skin. 

cryogenin (kri-oj'-en-in). Metabenzamino-semi- 
carbazide. It is given in treatment of tuberculosis for 
diminishing the fever, being innocuous and effective. 

cryometer (kri-om'-et-er) [icpvos, cold; iikrpov, 
measure]. A thermometer for measuring very low 
temperatures. 

cryoscopic (kri-os-kop'-ik). Relating to cryoscopy. 

cryoscopy (kri-os'-ko-pe) [icpvos, cold; otco-wiiv, to 
examine]. The process whereby the freezing-point 
of certain liquids, blood, urine, etc., may be compared 
with that of distilled water. 

cryostase (kri'-os-tas). A compound of equal parts 
of phenol, camphor, saponin, and traces of oil of 
turpentine. It solidifies when heated, and becomes 
liquid when cooled to below 0° C. Recommended 
as an antiseptic. 

crypt (kript) [icpvirrbs, hidden]. 1. A small sac 
or follicle. 2. A glandular cavity, c.s of Lieber- 
kuehn. See under Lieberkuehn. c.s, multilocular. 
1. Sharpey's name for simple glands with pouched 
or sacculated walls. 2. The lobules of a racemose 
gland, c.s, sebaceous, the sebaceous glands, c, 
synovial. See Bursa mucosa, c.s, synoviparous, 
extensions of the synovial membranes sometimes 
perforating the capsule of the joints and occasionally 
becoming shut off from the main sac. c.s of the 
tongue, small pits in the mucosa of the tongue with 
walls studded with globular projections', each of 
which contains a vascular loop and is furnished with 
lymph-follicles. 

crypta (krip'-lah). Same as crypt. 

cryptitis (krip-ti'-tis) [crypt; ins, inflammation]. 
Inflammation of a crypt, or of crypts, c, urethral, 
phlegmasia of the mucous follicles of the urethra. 

crypto- (krip-to-) [crypt]. A prefix meaning relat- 
ing to a crypt, or a small sac or follicle. 

cryptobiotic (krip-to-bi-ot'-ik) [crypto-; /3t'os, life]. 
Having dormant life; applied formerly to calculi, 
crystals, or any inanimate objects which increase in 
size. Syn., lithobiotic. 

cryptocephalus (krip-to-sef -al-us) [crypto-; Kt<paki), 
head]. A fetal monster with an imperfectly formed 
and concealed head. 

Cryptococcus (krip-to-kok'-us). A genus of Sac- 
charomyces. Same as Blastomyces. 

cryptocrystalline (krip-to-kris'-tal-tn). See micro- 
crystalline. 

cryptodidymus {krip-to-did' -im-us) [crypto-; SISvpos, 
twin]. A teratism in which one fetus is concealed 
within another. 

cryptogam (krip'-to-gam) [crypto-; yt\p.os, marriage]. 



In biology, one of the Cryptogamia, a division of the 
vegetable kingdom comprising all plants with con- 
cealed sexual organs, without pistils or stamens. 

cryptogamic (krip-to-gam'-ik). See cryptogamous. 

cryptogamous (krip-tog'-am-us). Belonging to the 
cryptogamia; having the processes of the repro- 
ductive function obscured or concealed. 

cryptogenetic, cryptogenic (krip-to-jen-et'-ik, krip- 
to-jen'-ik) [crypto-; yewav, to produce]. 1. Obscure 
as to origin. 2. Parasitic from the outset within 
another living organism. 

cryptolith (krip'-to-lith) [crypto-; \lBos, stone]. 
A concretion or calculus formed within a crypt. 

cryptolithiasis (krip-to-lith-i'-a-sis) [crypto-; lithi- 
asis]. The calcification and ossification of tumors 
of the skin and subcutaneous tissue. 

cryptomenorrhea, cryptomenorrhoea (krip-to-men- 
o-re'-ah) [crypto-; p.i\v, month; poia, flow]. The 
occurrence of the subjective symptoms of menstru- 
ation without any flow of blood. 

cryptomerorrhachischisis (krip-to-mer-o-rak-is' -Ms- 
is) [crypto-; pkpos, a part; Mx«. t ne spine; <rxtfetv, 
to cleave]. Spina bifida occulta, a variety with 
bony deficiency but without a tumor. 

cryptophthalmos, cryptophthalmia (krip-tof-thal'- 
mos, krip-tof-thal'-me-ah) [crypto-; 6<pda\p:6s, the eye] 
1. Congenital union of the eyelids, usually over 
imperfect eyes. 2. A person who has congenital 
union of the eyelids. 

cryptopine (krip'-to-pen) [crypto-; 8iriov, opium], 
C21H23NO5. One of the alkaloids of opium, colorless and 
odorless. It is said to be anodyne and hypnotic, but 
it is less safe than morphine. Dose £ gr. (0.008 Gm.). 

cryptoporous (krip-top'-or-us) [crypto-; irdpos, a 
pore]. Having hidden or obscure pores. 

cryptopyic (krip-to-pi'-ik) [crypto-; vvov, pus]. 
Characterized by concealed suppuration. 

cryptorchid, cryptorchis (krip-tor'-kid, -kis) [crypto-; 
6px>.s, testicle]. A person with retained testicles, 
i. e., not descended into the scrotum. 

cryptorchidism (krip-tor'-kid-izm) [see cryptorchid]. 
Retention of the testes in the abdomen or inguinal 
canal. 

cryptorhetic organs, tissues (krip-to-ret'-ik)[crypto-; 
t>elv, to flow]. Organs or tissues which have an internal 
secretion. 

cryptoscope (krip'-to-skop) [crypto-; aKoireiv, to 
inspect]. See fluoroscope. 

cryptozygous (krip-toz'-ig-us) [crypto-; fvyov, yoke]. 
Having the dental arches or zygomata concealed 
from view when the skull is viewed from above. 

crystal (kris'-tal) [/cpvcrraWos, clear ice]. In 
chemistry, a substance that assumes a definite 
geometric form, c.s, Bizzozero's. See Charcot's c.s. 
c.s, Boettcher's. See c.s, spermin. c.s, Charcot's, 
c.s, Charcot-Leyden's. See Charcot's crystals, c.s, 
Charcot-Neumann's, c.s, Charcot-Robin's. See 
Charcot's c.s. c.s, coffin-lid, crystals of triple 
phosphate found in the urine in dyspepsia and 
cystitis, c, dumb-bell, crystals of calcium oxalate, 
seen in urine, c.s, ear-. See otolith. _ c.s, Flor- 
ence's. See Florence's crystals, c.-gazing, gazing 
into the depths of a crystal globe or the surface of 
a clear vessel of water in order to produce self- 
hypnotism or autosuggestion with a view to obtaining 
socalled telepathic impressions, c.s, hedgehog. See 
hedgehog crystals, c.s, hemin. See hemin crystals. 
c.s, knife-rest, peculiar indented crystals of triple 
phosphate occasionally found in urine, c.s, lead- 
chamber, those found in the lead-chambers in which 
sulphuric acid is manufactured, and having the com- 
position HS03(N02). c.s, Leyden's. See Charcot's 
c.s. c.s, Lubarsch's. See Lubarsch's crystals, c.s, 
Neumann's. Same as Charcot's c.s. c.s, Schweiner's. 
See Charcot's c.s. c.s, spermin, a combination of 
phosphoric acid with a base, spermin (C2H5N), 
forming long, monoclinic, prism-like crystals with 
curved edges, found in spermatic fluid after drying 
it or allowing it to stand and in desiccated white of 
egg. A strong solution of iodine and potassium iodide 
stains them a deep brown or violet. Syn., Boettcher's 
crystals, c.s, Teichmann's. See hemin crystals, c.s 
of Venus, copper acetate crystals, c.s, Virchow's. 
See Virchow's crystals, c.s, Zenker's. See Charcot's c.s. 

crystalban (kris-tal '-ban) . Of Payer, a resinous 
constituent of gutta-percha. 

crystalbumin (kris-tal' -bu-min). An albuminous 
body found by Bechamp in the watery extract of 
crystalline lens. 

crystalfibrin (kris-tal-fi'-brin). An albuminous 



CRYSTALLIN 



263 



CUMIN 



body obtained by means of hydrochloric acid from 
crystalline lens. 

crystallin (kris'-tal-in) [crystal], i. The globulin 
of the crystalline lens. 2. See cristallin. 

crystalline (kris'-tal-in) [crystal]. Like a crystal. 
c. lens. See lens, crystalline. 

crystallitis (kris-tal-i'-tis). See phakitis. 

crystallization (kris-tal-iz-a'-shun) [crystal]. The 
process by which the molecules of a substance arrange 
themselves in geometric forms when passing from a 
gaseous or a liquid to a solid state, c, alcohol of, 
an alcohol uniting molecule by molecule with a 
crystalline substance and aiding in the preservation 
of the crystalline form of the latter, c, water of, 
the water of salts that cannot be extracted without 
destruction of their crystalline nature. 

crystallographic test for blood. The use of sodium 
iodide as a reagent forming characteristic blood- 
crystals. Its use depends on the formation of 
iodine-hematin. 

crystallography (kris-tal-og'-ra-fe) [crystal; ypa<j>eiv, 
to write]. The science of crystals, their formation, 
etc. 

crystalloid (kris'-tal-oid). Having a crystalline 
structure, as distinguished from colloid. In biology, 
one of the crystal-like proteid bodies found in seeds, 
tubers, etc. 

crystallomagnetism, (kris-tal-o-mag'-net-izm). That 
property by which certain crystals point to the north 
when suspended horizontally. 

crystallometry (kris-tal-om'-et-re) [crystal; ixkrpov, 
a measure]. The science of the measurement of the 
angles of crystals. 

crystallose (kris'-tal-os). Sodium saccharinate. 

crystalluridrosis (kris-tal-u-rid-ro'-sis) [crystal; ov- 
pov, urine; i5p«s, sweat]. A condition marked by 
excretion of urinary elements in the sweat which 
crystallize on the skin. 

Cs. Chemical symbol of cesium. 

Cu. Chemical symbol of copper {.cuprum). 

cubeb, cubeba (ku'-beb, ku-be'-bah) [Pers., kababa, 
cubeb]. The unripe fruit of Piper cubeba, cultivated 
in Java. Its properties are due to a volatile oil, 
C15H24, and an organic acid. It is an aromatic 
stimulant, diuretic in small doses, and is useful in 
affections of the bladder and urethra. It is also 
employed in catarrh of the air-passages, etc. Dose 
10 gr.-2 dr. (0.65-8.0 Gm.). c, fiuidextract of 
(fluidextr actum cubeba., U. S. P.), alcoholic. Dose 
5-30 min. (0.32-2.0 Cc). c, oil of (oleum cubeba, 
U. S. P.), the volatile oil. Dose 5-20 min. (0.32- 
1.3 Cc). c, oleoresin of (oleoresina cubeba, U. S. 
P.), ethereal. Dose 5-30 min. (0.32-2.0 Cc). c, 
tincture of, 10 % in strength. Dose 10 min-3 dr. 
(0.65-12.0 Cc). c, troches of (trochisci cubeba, 
U. S. P.), oleoresin, 5 gr.; oil of sassafras, 5 3 5 gr.; 
extract of licorice, 4 gr.; acacia, 2 gr.; syrup of tolu 
q. s., in each troche. Dose 1-3. 

cubebene (ku'-beb-en) [cubeb], C20H16. The light 
portion of the essential oil of cubebs. 

cubebic acid (ku-beb'-ik). See acid, cubebic. 

cubebin (ku-beb'-in) [cubeb], C10H10O3. An odor- 
less, crystalline substance obtained from cubeb. 

cubebism (ku'-beb-izm). Poisoning by cubeb; 
it is marked by acute gastroenteritis. 

cubic (ku'-bik). Pertaining to a cube. c. niter, 
sodium nitrate, c. space (of air), the amount of 
space required by persons in health and in disease. 

cubiform (ku'-be-form). Cuboid. 

cubit (ku'-bit) [cubitus], 1. The forearm; cubitus. 
2. The ulna. 3. The elbow. 

cubital (kii'-bit-al). Relating to the forearm, to 
the elbow, or to the ulna. c. bone, the cuneiform 
bone. 

cubitale (kil-bit-a'-le). The cuneiform bone. 

cubitocarpal (ku-bit-o-kar'-pal). Relating to the 
forearm and to the carpus. 

cubitodigital (ku-bit-o-dij'-it-al). Relating to the 
forearm or the ulna and to the fingers. 

cubitometacarpal (ku-bit-o-met-ah-kar'-pal). Re- 
lating to the forearm or the ulna and the metacarpus. 

cubitoradial (ku-bit-o-ra'-de-al). Relating to both 
the ulna and the radius. 

cubitosupraphalangeal (ku-bit-o-su-prah-fal-an'-je- 
al). Relating to the forearm or the ulna and the 
bases of the phalanges. 

cubitus (ku'-bi-tus) [L., "the elbow"]. The fore- 
arm; elbow; ulna. c. valgus, a deformity consisting 
of an abnormal curvature of the humeral diaphysis. 
c. varus. See gunstock deformity. 



cubocuneiform (ku-bo-ku-ne'-if-orm). Relating to 
the cuboid bone and to one or more of the cuneiform 
bones. 

cuboid (ku'-boid) [ku/3os, cube; eUos, like]. Re- 
sembling a cube. c. bone, a bone of the foot situated 
at the outer anterior part of the tarsus. 

cuca (koo'-kah). Same as coca; see erythroxylon. 

cucullaris (ku-ku-la'-ris). The trapezius muscle. 

Cucumis (ku'-ku-mis) [L., "a cucumber"]. A genus 
of plants. See colocynihis. C. melo, muskmelon, is a 
species indigenous to the old-world tropics and 
widely cultivated. The root is emetic and diuretic 
and contains melonenemetin. The juice of the fruit 
of C. sativus, cucumber, is purgative, diuretic, and 
resolvent. It is used in skin diseases and as a 
cosmetic. 

cucurbit (ku-ker'-bit) [cucurbita, a gourd]. 1. A 
cupping-glass. 2. The body of an alembic. 3- Any 
plant of the order Cucurbitacea. 

Cucurbita (ku-kurb' -it-ah) [L., "a gourd"]. A genus 
of plants of the order Cucurbitacea. C. fatidissima 
is a species of North America; the leaf, root, and 
seeds are edible and the bitter fruit is recommended 
in the treatment of hemorrhoids. The ripe seed of 
C. pepo, the pumpkin, is the pepo of the U. S. P., 
an anthelmintic. See pepo. 

cucurbitation (ku-ker-bit-a'-shun) [cucurbitatio, a 
cupping]. The operation of cupping. 

Cuguillere's serum (koo-ge-yar) [E. Cuguillere, 
French physician]. A preparation containing allyl 
sulphide and tincture of myrrh, used hypodermat- 
ically in cases of tuberculosis. 

Cuignet's method (koo-en-ya) [Ferdinand Louis 
Joseph Cuignet, French ophthalmologist, 1823- ]. 
Retinoscopy. 

cuirass (kwe'-ras) [Fr.]. A close-fitting or im- 
movable bandage for the front of the chest, c. 
cancer. See cancer en cuirasse. c, tabetic, an 
anesthetic area encircling the chest in tabetic patients. 

culdesac (kul'-de-sak) [Fr.]. A closed or "blind" 
pouch or sac. c, Douglas'. See under Douglas. 

culex (ku'-leks) [L., "a gnat"]. A mosquito. 
c. fasciatus. See Stegomyia fasciata. c. fatigans, 
transmits filaria. 

Culicidas (ku-lis'-id-e). A family of insects, order 
Diptera, which includes the mosquitoes. 

culicide (ku'-lis-id) [culex, a gnat; cadere, to kill]. 
Any agent which destroys mosquitoes. 

culicifuge (kii-lis'-if-uj) [culex; fugare, to drive 
away]. An agent to drive away mosquitoes. 

culmen (kul'-men) [L., "summit"]. A part of the 
cerebellum on the cephalic side of the vermis, c. 
monticuli, the highest lobule of the cerebellum. 

culminal (kul'-min-aV) [culmen, a summit]. Re- 
lating to the culmen. 

cultivation (kul-tiv-a'-shun). Same as culture. 
c, fractional, cultivation in which a small piece of a 
culture containing several species of bacteria is 
transferred to a new medium and used to form a new 
culture; and a small piece of this culture is similarly 
transfer! ed to form another, and so on until a culture 
of a single microorganism is obtained. 

culture (kul'-chur) [colere, to till]. The growth of 
microorganisms on artificial media. The act of 
cultivating microorganisms on artificial media. 
c, fractional. See c, pure, c, hanging-drop, a 
culture in which the microorganism is inoculated into 
a drop of fluid on a cover-glass and the latter is 
inverted over a glass slide having a central concavity. 
c.-medium, a substance used for cultivating bacteria. 
Culture-media are either liquid or solid, bouillon and 
milk being the important liquid media, and gelatin, 
agar, blood-serum, and potato, the principal solid 
media, c, needle-. See c, stab-, c, plate-, a 
culture of bacteria on a medium spread upon a flat 
plate or in a double dish, c, pure, a culture of a 
single microorganism, c, slant-, one made on the 
slanting surface of a medium, so as to get a greater 
surface, c, stab-, one in which the medium is 
inoculated by means of a needle bearing the micro- 
organisms, and which is inserted deep down into the 
medium, c, thrust-, same as c, stab-. 

Culver's physic, or root (kul'-verz). See leptandra. 

cumarin (ku' -mar-in). See coumarin. 

cumene (ku'-men) [cumin], C9H12. A compound 
made by distilling cumic acid with lime. 

cumic (ku'-mik) [cumin]. Derived from or per- 
taining to cumin, c. acid. See acid, cumic. 

cumin (ku'-min) [cuminum, cumin]. An umbelli- 
ferous plant, Cuminum cyminum, native in Egypt 



CUMINIC 



264 



CURARA 



and Syria. The fruit possesses well-marked stimu- 
lating and carminative properties. Its active 
principle is an oil. 

cuminic (ku-min'-ik). See cumic. 

cumol (ku'-mol). See cumene. 

cumulative (ku'-mu-la-tiv) [cumulare, to heap up]. 
Increasing; adding to. c. action, c. effect, the 
production of a marked and sudden result, after the 
administration of a considerable number of com- 
paratively ineffective doses. 

cumulus (ku'-mii-lus) [L., a heap]. A heap or 
mound, c. oophorus, the ovarian mound, or discus 
proligerus. c. ovigerus. See ovule, c. proligerus. 
See discus proligerus. 

cundurango (kun-du-ran'-go). See condurango. 

cuneal (ku'-ne-al) [cuneus]. See cuneiform. 

cuneate (ku'-ne-at) [cuneus]. Wedge-shaped. 
c. fasciculus, c. funiculus, the continuation of the 
posteroexternal column of the cord into the medulla. 
c. nucleus. See nucleus. 

cuneiform (ku-ne'-if-orm) [cuneus; forma, shape]. 
Wedge-shaped; cuneate. c. bones, a wedge-shaped 
bone of the carpus, and three wedge-shaped bones 
at the anterior part of the tarsus, c. cartilage, a 
cartilage beside the arytenoepiglottidean fold. c. 
column. See Burdach's column. 

cuneocuboid (ku-ne-o-skaf'-oid). Pertaining to 
both the cuneiform and cuboid bones. 

cuneohysterectomy (ku-ne-o-his-ter-ek'-to-me) [cu- 
neus, wedge; varepa, the womb; &T0/Z17, a cutting 
out]. The excision of a wedge-shaped piece of 
uterine tissue, a procedure that has been advocated 
in the treatment of anteflexion of the uterus. 

cuneonavicular (ku-ne-o-nav-ik'-u-lar). Relating 
to the cuneiform and the navicular bones. 

cuneoscaphoid (ku-ne-o-skaf'-oid). Relating to 
the cuneiform bones and to the scaphoid bone. 

cuneus (ku'-ne-us) [L., "a wedge"]. A wedge- 
shaped convolution on the median aspect of the 
occipital lobe. Syn., cuneate lobule; internal occipital 
lobule; lobulus cerebri cuneatus; lobulus cerebri occipi- 
talis (inter nus); lobulus cuneatus; lobulus cuneiformis; 
lobus cuneus; lobus pyriformis; triangular lobule. 
c. cinereus. See ala cinerea. c. thalami optici 
intergenicularis, that part of the thalamus lying 
between the external and internal geniculate bodies. 

cunicular (ku-nik'-u-lar). Furrowed. 

cuniculus (ku-nik'-u-lus) [L., "a subterranean 
passage"]. The burrow of the itch-mite. In the 
plural, cuniculi, the semicircular canals of the ear. 

Cunisset's test for bile-pigments (koo-ne-sa f ). 
Addition to the urine of half its volume of chloroform 
imparts a yellow color to the latter. 

cunnilinguist (kun-e-ling'-gwist) [cunnus, the vulva; 
lingere, to lick]. A sexual pervert who practises 
licking the vulva. 

cunnus (kun'-us) [L.]. The vulva. 

cuorin (ku'-or-in). A substance which has been 
isolated from heart muscles; it is a diphosphatide, 
and is allied to lecithin. 

cup (kup) [AS., cuppe], i. To bleed. 2. A 
cupping-glass. 3. A drinking-vessel or the contents 
of such a vessel, c.s, antimonial, cups made of 
antimony which impart emetic properties to the 
contained liquid, c, bitter, a drinking-cup of 
quassia wood, c, Chinese, a drinking-vessel of red 
arsenic which imparts cathartic properties to wine 
left standing in it during the night, c, dry-, a cup 
for merely drawing the blood to the surface, c, 
favus,- a depression in a favus-scale surrounding a 
hair, c, glaucomatous, a deep depression in the 
optic papilla seen in cases of glaucoma, c.s, Mont- 
gomery's. See Montgomery's cups. c. physiological, 
the normal concavity of the optic papilla, c, 
retinal, excavation of the optic disc, c, wet-, a cup 
for abstracting blood through incisions in the skin. 

Cuphea (ku'-fe-ah) [kvQos, a hump, from the 
shape of the calyx]. A genus of plants of the order 
Lythracecs. C. antisyphilitica, C. balsamona, C. 
ingrata, and C. microphylla are employed in decoction 
in the American tropics in the treatment of syphilis. 
C. viscosissima, a viscid annual of the United States, 
is a homeopathic remedy used in the treatment of 
cholera infantum. 

cuphosis (ku-fo'-sis). See kyphosis. 

cupola (ku'-po-lah) [L., "a dome"]. The dome- 
shaped extremity of the canal of the cochlea; also 
the summit of a solitary gland of the small intestine. 

cupped (kupt). Having the upper surface de- 
pressed; applied to the coagulum of blood after 



phlebotomy, c. disc, excavation of the optic papilla, 
normally present in slight degree, but pathological if 
excessive. 

cupper (kup'-er). One who practices cupping. 

cupping (kup'-ing) [cup]. 1. A method of blood- 
derivation by means of the application of cupping- 
glasses to the surface of the body. 2. The formation 
of a cup-like depression, c, dry-, a form of counter- 
irritation in which the blood is drawn to the surface 
by means of a cup. This is used mainly in inflam- 
matory affections of the lung, c.-glass, a small 
bell-shaped glass capable of holding three to four 
ounces, in which the air is rarefied by heat or by 
exhaustion, and the glass applied to the skin, either 
with or without scarification of the latter, c, wet-, 
the abstraction of blood after scarification. 

cupragol (ku'-pra-goV). A compound of copper 
and albumin used in solutions of 1 to 5 % as an anti- 
phlogistic and secretory stimulant. 

cupram (ku'-pram) [cuprum], A solution of 
copper carbonate in ammonia-water used as a fungi- 
cide. 

cuprammonic (ku-pram-on'-ik). Containing copper 
and ammonia. 

cuprargol (ku-prar'-goV). A cupronucleic acid 
compound, occurring as a gray powder, slowly 
soluble in water. It is used in the treatment of 
conjunctivitis by instillation of a 1 to 5 % solution 
once or several times daily; in trachoma used as an 
astringent in 20 % aqueous solution. 

cuprate (ku'-prat). A salt of cupric acid. 

cupratin (ku'-pra-tin). A preparation of copper 
albuminoid, similar to ferratin. 

cuprea bark (ku'-pre-ah). The bark of certain 
species of Remijia. It affords quinine and the 
associated alkaloids. 

cupreine (ku'-pre-in), C19H22N2O2. An alkaloid 
derived from cuprea bark. 

cuprene (ku'-pren), C7H8. A nonvolatile insoluble 
hydrocarbon; a yellow, bulky solid consisting of 
matted filaments resembling amadou in appearance, 
obtained by passing a current of pure acetylene gas 
over bright copper filings. 

cuprescent (ku-pres'-ent). Having the appearance 
of copper. 

cupressin (ku-pres'-in). Cypress oil. 

cupriaseptol (ku-pre-ah-sep'-tol). Copper sulpho- 
carbolate. 

cupric (ku'-prik). Containing copper as a bivalent 
element, c. oxide. See copper oxide, black. 

cuprocitrol (ku-pro-sit'-rol). A copper and citrol 
derivative used in trachoma in 5 to 10 % salve. 

cuprohemol (ku-pro-he'-mol). A compound of 
copper and hemol used in tuberculosis. Dose I5-2 
gr. (0.1-0.13 Gm.). 

cuprol (ku'-prol). See copper nucleinate. 

cuprosopotassic (ku-pro-so-po-tas'-ik). Relating 
to a combination of cuprous salt and potassium. 

cuprosulphate (ku-pro-sul'-fat). A double sulphate 
containing copper. 

cuprotartrate (ku-pro-tar r -trat). A combination 
of copper and tartaric acid. 

cuprous (ku'-prus). Containing copper as a 
univalent element, c. oxide. See copper oxide, red. 

cuprum (ku'-prum) [L.]. Copper. See copper. 

cupula (ku'-pu-lah) [L. f "a little cup"]. An 
invisible substance on the crista? acusticae that on 
the application of fixation fluids coagulates and 
becomes visible, c. terminalis. See membrana 
tectoria. 

cupular, cupulate (ku'-pu-lar, -lat). Cup-shaped. 

cupule (ku'-pul) [cupula, a little cup]. In biology, 
a cup-shaped organ, as an acorn-cup; or the sucking 
apparatus of an insect's foot. 

curacao, curagoa (ku-ra-so') [Dutch island of 
Curacao, north of Venezuela]. A cordial or elixir 
prepared from brandy, and flavored, principally with 
orange-peel. It is used as a vehicle for certain 
medicines. 

curage (kil-rahzh) [Fr.]. 1. Curettage; cleansing 
of the eye or of an ulcerated or carious surface. 
2. A term used by some authorities for clearing the 
uterine cavity by means of the finger, as distinguished 
from the use of the curet. 

curangin (ku-ran'-jin). A glucoside obtained 
from Curanga amara. It is used as a febrifuge in 
India and is similar in action to digitalis. 

curara, curare, curari (ku-rah'-rah, -re) [S. A.]. 
Woorara. A vegetable extract obtained from 
Paullinia curare and certain members of the Strychnos 



CURARINE 



265 



CURVE 



family. It is a powerful paralyzant of the motor 
nerves and of the voluntary muscles. Its alkaloid 
is curarine, C10H15N. Dose jhs &• (0.0006 Gm.) 
hypodermatically. It is used in South America and 
elsewhere as an arrow-poison. Toxic doses cause 
death by paralysis of the organs of respiration. It 
has been reported effectual in cases of hydrophobia 
and tetanus. The initial dose is -^ gr. (0.0065 Gm.) 
given hypodermatically in a watery solution; this 
may be gradually increased to $ gr. (0.02 Gm.), 
but the latter dose should be given with caution. 

curarine (ku-rah'-ren). See curara. 

curarization (ku-rah-riz-a'-shun) [curara]. The 
state of one subjected to the full influence of curara 
by hypodermatic injection. Voice and power of 
motion are generally abolished, but not sensibility 
to pain. Syn., curarism. c, spontaneous, conditions 
of autointoxication occasioned by the paralyzing in- 
fluence upon the circulation and upon the end-plates 
of the neuromuscular system of toxic substances 
produced in the body by the tetanization of the 
muscles. 

curarize (ku'-rah-riz). To bring a subject under 
the influence of curara. 

curatio (ku-ra'-she-o) [cura, care]. The treatment 
and nursing of a patient. 

curative (ku'-rat-iv) [cura, care]. Having a healing 
tendency. 

curcas (ker'-kas). Seejatropha. 

curcin (Jker'-sin). A toxalbumina analogous to 
ricin found in the seeds of Jatropha curcas. 

curcuma (ker'-ku-mah) [L.]. Turmeric. The 
rhizome of Curcuma longa, of India, a plant of the 
Zingiber acece, with action similar to that of ginger. 
It contains a yellow coloring-matter, cur cumin, 
C14H14O4, and is employed as a yellow dye in phar- 
macy, occasionally, to color ointments and other 
preparations, and in chemistry its solution in alcohol 
is used as a test for alkalies, which turn it brown. 
Paper tinged with an alcoholic solution (turmeric 
paper) may be used instead. 

curcumin (ker'-kil-min) [curcuma, saffron], Cu- 
H14O4. The coloring-matter of turmeric; it crystal- 
lizes in orange-yellow prisms, and melts at 177 C. 
It dissolves in the alkalies to brownish-red salts. 

curd (kerd) [ME.]. The coagulum of milk that 
separates on the addition of rennet or an acid to 
milk. 

cure (kur) [cura, care]. The successful treatment 
of a disease; also, a system of treatment, as faith- 
cure, mind-cure, grape-cure, water-cure (see hydro- 
pathy), hunger-cure, rest-cure, etc. c, potato, a 
method of treating foreign bodies in the alimentary 
tract by the ingestion of mashed potatoes. The body 
becomes embedded in the potato-mass that is formed. 

curettage (ku-ret-ahj'). See curettement. 

curette, curet (ku-ref) [Fr.]. An instrument, 
shaped like a spoon or scoop, for scraping away 
exuberant or dead tissue. 

curettement (ku-ret'-ment) [Fr., curettement]. The 
removal of vegetations, retained placenta, etc., 
by means of a curet. Syn., curetage; cureting; 
curettage; curettement. 

curetting (ku'-ret-ing). See curettement. 

curie (ku'-re) [Marie Sklodowska Curie, Polish- 
French physicist, 1867- ]. Unit of measurement 
of radium emanations, or of radio-active substances. 

curiae (kii'-ren). An alkaloid obtained from 
curare; a microcrystalline powder slightly soluble 
in cold water, easily soluble in alcohol, chloroform, 
and dilute acids. It has no effect upon the motor 
nerves, but acts upon the heart. 

curled (kurld). Occurring in parallel chains of 
wavy strands, as in colonies of anthrax bacillus. 

Curling's ulcer. A duodenal ulcer produced by 
extensive burns of the skin. 

currant-jelly clot. A soft, red clot seen post- 
mortem in the heart and blood-vessels. 

current (kur'-ent) [currere, to run]. A term ap- 
plied to the transference of electric force, which is 
likened to the flow of a liquid in a tube, c, ab- 
terminal, the secondary current observed at any 
point in the nerve or muscle on the passage of a 
single induction shock, c, adterminal, the negative 
current observed at any point in a nerve or muscle 
on the passage of a single induction shock, c, 
after-, a current produced in nervous or muscular 
tissue when a constant current which has been 
flowing through the same has been stopped, c, 
alternating, a term applied to a current which, by 



means of an interrupter, is alternately direct and 
reverse, c, anelectrotonic, that observed at the 
anode on passage of a constant current through a 
nerve, c.s, angular, those which are inclined to 
each other at some angle, c, ascending, the current 
formed by placing the positive electrode upon the 
periphery of a nerve and the negative higher up on 
the trunk of the nerve, or on the surface over the 
nerve-center in the spinal cord, c, battery, a 
galvanic current, c, branchy See c, derived. 
c.-breaker, a rheotome. c, centrifugal, a descending 
current, c, centripetal, an ascending current. 
c.-changer, a rheotrope. c, combined, that obtained 
by the combined action of the galvanic and faradic 
currents, c.-condenser, an apparatus for collecting 
the extra currents generated by an induction machine 
in operation which it combines to form a current of 
opposite direction to that of the battery current, and 
which upon being transmitted to the core demag- 
netizes it and thus increases the rapidity of the inter- 
ruption and the strength of the induced current. 
c, constant. See c, continuous, c, continuous, a 
constant, uninterrupted current in one direction. 
c, d'Arsonval, the high potential discharge of a 
current-condenser through a large solenoid of wire. 
c, derived, a current drawn off by a derivation-wire 
from the main current, c, descending, one passing 
through a nerve centrifugally, the anode being placed 
proximally, the kathode, distally. c, direct, a 
current constant in direction, in contradistinction 
to an alternating current, c, faradic, the current 
produced by an induction-coil or by a magneto- 
electric machine, c, galvanic, a current generated 
by the decomposition of acidulated water by means 
of metallic plates, c.s, induced. See c.s, secondary. 
c, inducing, a primary current; one which, by its 
opening or closure, produces a faradic current in an 
adjoining circuit. Cf. c.s, induced, c.s, induction, 
c.s, inductive. See c.s, secondary, c, interrupted, 
a current that is alternately opened and closed. 
c.-interrupter, a rheotome. c, katelectrotonic, that 
observed at the kathode on passage of a constant 
current through a nerve, c, labile, a current 
applied while moving one or both electrodes over the 
surface treated, c, magnetoelectric, > a faradic 
current generated by a magnet, c, primary. See 
c, inducing, c, primitive, an electric current from 
which a derived current has not been drawn off. 
c.-regulator, a rheostat, c, reversed, that produced 
by changing the poles, c.-reverser, a rheotrope. 
c.s, secondary, momentary currents produced in a 
coil of insulated wire, introduced within the field of 
another coil, when the circuit is made or broken 
in the second coil, c, sinuous, one sent in a curved 
line, c, sinusoidal, an alternating induced electric 
current in which the electromotive force is so varied 
that its rise and fall in a positive direction are im- 
mediately succeeded without a break by an exactly 
corresponding fall and rise in the negative direction, 
and the rise and fall in both directions would, if 
graphically illustrated, describe a sine curve, c, 
spinal-cord, an electric current applied by placing 
both the electrodes on the spine, c, spinal-cord 
muscle, an electric current in the application of 
which one electrode is placed over the spine, the other 
over a muscle, c, spinal-cord nerve, an electric 
current in the application of which one electrode is 
placed on the spine, the other on a nerve, c, stabile, 
a . current applied with both electrodes in a fixed 
position, c, static, the current from a static machine. 
c, uniform, an electric current which retains the 
same strength throughout its application, c, 
voltaic, the continuous current. 

curriculum (kur-ik'-u-lum) [L.]. The regular 
course of study in a college. 

Curschmann's spirals (koorsh'-man) [Heinrich 
Curschmann, German physician, 1846-1910]. Spiral 
threads of mucin contained in the small, thick pellets 
that are expectorated during an asthmatic paroxysm. 
They are supposed to be casts of the bronchioles, 
and contain Charcot-Leyden crystals and eosinophil 
cells. 

curvature (kur'-va-tur) [curvare, to curve]. A 
bending or curving, c, angular. See Pott's c. 
c, compensatory, in spinal curvature, a secondary 
curve, occurring as the result of the efforts of the 
trunk to maintain its upright position, c, lateral, 
scoliosis, c, Pott's. See Pott's curvature, c. of 
spine, a bending of the vertebral column. 

curve (kerv) [curvus, bent]. A bending or flexure. 



CUSCAMIDINE 



266 



CYANOGEN 



c, Barnes'. See Barnes' curve, c.-basis, a common 
level from which spring the ascending lines of a 
sphygmographic tracing, c. of Cams. See Cams' 
curve, c, Ellis-Damoiseau's, c, Garland's S-. See 
Ellis' line. c, staircase-, the myographic curve 
produced by repeated stimulation, c, temperature-, 
a graphic curve showing the variations of the tem- 
perature for a given period, c.s, Traube's, c, Traube- 
Hering's. See under Traube. 

cuscamidine (kus-kam' -id-en) [cusco; amide]. An 
alkaloid found in cinchona bark. 

cuscamine (kus'-kam-en). An alkaloid found in 
cinchona bark. 

cusco bark (kus'-ko bark). A kind of cinchona; 
the bark of a variety of Cinchona pubescens. 

Cusco's speculum (kus'-ko) [Edouard Gabriel 
Cusco, French surgeon, 1819-1894]. A bivalve 
vaginal speculum. 

cusconidine (kus-kon' -id-en) [cusco]. An alkaloid 
found in cinchona bark. 

cusconine (kus'-ko-nen) [cusco], C23H26N2O4. A 
crystalline alkaloid found in Cinchona bark. 

Cushing's suture (koosh'-ing) [Harvey Williams 
Cushing, American surgeon, 1869- ]. A con- 
tinuous intestinal suture. 

cushion (koosh'-un). In anatomy, an aggregate of 
adipose or elastic tissue relieving pressure upon 
tissues lying beneath, c, coronary, the matrix of 
the upper edge of the hoofs in solipeds. c. of the 
epiglottis, the tubercle of the epiglottis, a median 
elevation of the mucosa within the larynx below the 
epiglottis, c, Eustachian, a part of the posterior 
wall of the Eustachian tube, c, Passavant's, the 
bulging of the posterior pharyngeal wall, produced 
during the act of swallowing, by the upper portion 
of the superior constrictor pharyngis. c, plantar, 
in solipeds, a cuneiform fibrous body lying between 
the plantar part of the hoof and the perforans tendon. 
c, sucking, fatty pads found on the buccinator mus- 
cles in young infants. 

cusp (kusp) [cuspis, a point]. The eminence on 
the crown of a tooth. 

cusparia bark (kus-pa'-re-ah bark). See angustura. 

cuspated, cusped, cuspid, cuspidal (kusp-a'-ted, 
kuspd', kusp' -id, kusp'-id-al). See cuspidate. 

cuspidate (kus'-pid-at) [cuspis, a point]. Tipped 
with a sharp, rigid point. 

cuspid teeth (kus'-pid). The four teeth that have 
conical crowns. They are situated, one on each 
side, in each jaw, between the lateral incisor and 
first bicuspid. 

cusso (koos'-o). Bray era. The cusso of the U. S. 
P. is the dried panicles of the pistillate flowers of 
Hagenia abyssinica. It contains tannic acid, a 
volatile oil, and a crystalline principle, koussin, 
C31H38O10. It is a valuable anthelmintic against 
tape-worms. In large doses it produces nausea and 
emesis. Dose 240 gr. (16 Gm.). Syn., cusso; cousso; 
kousso. c. infusion of (infusum cusso, B. P.). Dose 
4-8 oz. (118-235 Cc). 

cutal (ku'-tal). See aluminum borotannate. 

cutaneous (ku-ta'-ne-us) [cutis]. Pertaining to 
the skin. c. emphysema. See emphysema, cutane- 
ous, c. reflex, a reflex action from irritation of the 
skin. c. respiration, the transpiration of gases 
through the skin. 

Cuterebra noxialis (ku-ter-e'-brah noks-e-a'-lis). 
A bot-fly belonging to the Ostridcs, whose larva may 
cause myiasis in man. 

cuticle (ku'-tik-l) [cutis]. The epidermis or scarf- 
skin, c, enamel. See Nasmyth's cuticle. 

cuticolor (ku'-ti-kul-or) [cutis; color]. A term 
descriptive of various ointments and powders simu- 
lating the color of the skin and used in the treatment 
of skin diseases. 

cuticolous (ku-tik'-ol-us) [cutis; colere, to inhabit]. 
Living under the skin; said of parasitic larva?. 

cuticula (ku-tik'-u-lah) [dim. of cutis, a skin]. 
The outer, finely lamellated layer of the wall of 
hydatid cysts, c. dentis, the cuticle of a tooth; 
Nasmyth's membrane; the delicate horny envelope 
that covers the enamel of young and unworn teeth. 
c. pili, the cuticle of the root-sheath of a hair. 

cuticular (ku-tik'-u-lar). Pertaining to, resembling, 
or of the nature of cuticle. 

cuticularization (ku-tik-u-lar-iz-a'-shun) [cuticula, 
dim. of cutis, the skin]. The formation of a cuticula. 

cutification (ku-tif-ik-a' -shun) [cutis; facere, to 
make]. The formation of skin. 

cutin (ku'-tin) [cutis], 1. In biology, cork-sub- 



stance ; a modification of cellulose, also called suberin. 
2. A preparation of the muscular layer of the intestine 
of cattle. It is used for dressing wounds and as a 
substitute for catgut. 

cutipunctor (ku-te-punk'-tor) [cutis, skin; punctor, 
puncturer]._ An instrument for puncturing the skin. 

cutireaction (ku-te-re-ak'-shun) [cutis, skin; reac- 
tion]. See Pirquet's reaction, Moro's test. 

cutis (ku'-tis) [L.]. The derma or true skin. 
c. aerea, the bronze color of the skin in Addison's 
disease, c. anserina. See goose-flesh, c. laxa. 
See dermatolysis. c. pendula, a flabby skin. c. 
testacea, a variety of seborrhea in which the trunk 
and extensor surfaces of the extremities are covered 
with large, thick plates of greasy, inspissated sebum, 
usually greenish or blackish, from accumulation of 
dirt upon them. c. unctuosa. Synonym of sebor- 
rhea. > c. vera, the corium. 

cutisector (ku-te-sek'-tor) [cutis; sector, a cutter]. 
An instrument for taking small sections of skin 
from the living subject. 

cutitis (ku-ti'-tis). Inflammation of the skin; 
dermatitis. 

cutization (ku-tiz-a'-shun) [cutis, skin]. The 
acquirement of the characters of true skin by exposed 
mucous membrane. 

cut-off (kut'-off). A device for cutting off the 
flow of a gas or liquid or electric current, cut-off 
muscle, a popular designation for the compressor 
urethra? muscle. See muscles, table of. 

cutol (kii'-tol). See aluminum borotannate. 

Cuvier's canals (koo'-ve-a) [Georges Leopold 
Chretien Frederic Dagobert Cuvier, French scientist, 
1 769-1832]. In the embryo, two short vessels 
opening into the common trunk of the omphalo- 
mesenteric veins, each being formed by the union of 
two veins, the anterior cardinal, or jugular, and the 
posterior cardinal veins. The right one becomes the 
superior vena cava; the left one disappears. 

Cy. Abbreviation for cyanogen; sometimes used 
instead of the chemical symbol CN. 

cyanacetyl (si-an-as'-et-il). See acetyl isocyanide. 

cyanalcohol (si-an-al'-ko-hol) [nvavos, dark-blue; 
alcohol]. Cyanhydrin; a substance obtained by the 
union of an aldehyde with hydrocyanic acid. 

cyanaldehyde (si-an-al' -de-hid) [nvavos, dark-blue; 
aldehyde]. A substitution-compound of acetic alde- 
hyde. 

cyanate (si'-an-at). A salt of cyanic acid. 

cyanemia, cyansemia (si-an-e'-me-ah). Bluish 
blood, due to imperfect oxygenation. 

cyanephidrosis (si-an-ef-id-ro'-sis) [kvclvos, blue; 
i<j>iSpo3(ns, sweat]. Blue sweat. 

cyanformic (si-an-form'-ik). Containing formic 
acid and cyanogen. 

cyanhematin (si-an-hem'-at-in) [icvavos, blue; 
alfia, blood]. A substance produced by adding a 
solution of cyanide of potassium to a solution of 
blood, and heating gently for some time. 

cyanhemoglobin (si-an-hem-o-glo'-bin). A com- 
pound of hydrocyanic acid with hemoglobin formed 
in cases of poisoning with this acid. It gives the 
blood a bright red color. 

cyanhidrosis (si-an-hid-ro-sis) . Same as cyanephi- 
drosis. 

cyanhydric acid. Same as hydrocyanic acid. 

cyanhydrin (si-an-hi'-drin). See cyanalcohol. 

cyanhydrosis (si-an-hid-ro'-sis). See cyanephi- 
drosis. 

cyanic (si-an'-ik) [tcbavos, blue]. 1. Blue or 
bluish. 2. Relating to or containing cyanogen. 
c. acid. See acid, cyanic. 

cyanide (si'-an-id) [nvavos, blue]. Any compound 
of cyanogen with a metal or a radical. Most of the 
cyanides are actively poisonous. 

cyanidrosis (si-an-id-ro'-sis). Same as cyanephi- 
drosis. 

cyano- (si-an-o-) [/cbavos, blue]. A prefix meaning 
blue. 

cyanochroia (si-an-o-kroi'-ah) [cyano-; \pola, color]. 
Cyanosis. 

cyanoderma (si-an-o-der'-mah) [cyano-; dkpua, 
skin]. Cyanosis. 

cyanoform (si-an'-o-form), CH(CN)3. A com- 
pound occurring in small needles obtained by heating 
chloroform and potassium cyanide and alcohol. 

cyanogen (si-an'-o-jen) [cyano-; yewav, to produce]. 
A radical having the structure CN, an acid compound 
of carbon and nitrogen, existing as a colorless, com- 
bustible gas; it is exceedingly poisonous. Syn., 



CYANOMYCOSIS 



267 



CYLINDROID 



prussin. c. iodide, a poisonous crystalline substance 
produced by combining cyanogen and iodine. 

cyanomycosis (si-an-o-mi-ko'-sis) [cyano-; pvktjs, 
fungus]. The production of blue pus, or of pus 
charged with micrococcus pyocyaneus. 

cyanopathy (si-an-op' -a-the) . See cyanosis. 

cyanophil, cyanophile (si-an'-o-fil) [cyano-; <f>t\elv, 
to love]. Auerbach's term for the blue-staining 
nuclear substance of cells of plants and animals. 

cyanophilic, cyanophilous (si-an-o-fil'-ik, -of'-il-us). 
Having an especial affinity for blue or green dyes. 

cyanophyl (si-an'-o-fil) [cyano-; tpvXXov, leaf]. 
Fremy's name for a supposed blue constituent of 
chlorophyl. 

cyanopia, cyanopsia (si-an-o'-pe-ah, -op'-se-ah) 
[cyano-; &j/, eye]. A perverted state of the vision 
rendering all objects blue. 

cyanosed (si'-an-ozd). Affected with cyanosis. 

cyanosis (si-an-o'-sis) [kvclvos, blue]. A bluish 
discoloration of the skin from deficient oxidation of 
the blood, caused by local or general circulatory 
disturbances, c, congenital, blue disease; cyanosis 
due to a congenital lesion of the heart or of the great 
vessels, c, local, the preferred term for local 
anemia, digiti mortui, regional ischemia, or local 
syncope. 

cyanospermia (si-an-o-sper'-me-ah) [cyano-; o-ireppa, 
sperm]. _ Semen of a bluish tint. 

cyanotic (si-an-ot'-ik) [kvcu>os, blue]. Relating to 
or affected with cyanosis. 

cyanurea (si-an-u'-re-ah), C2H3N3O. An amor- 
phous body obtained from urea by action of cyanogen 
iodide with heat. 

cyanuric (si-an-u'-rik). Relating to or containing 
cyanurea ; 

cyanurin (si-an-u'-rin) [kvclvos, blue; ovpov, urine]. 
Uroglaucin or urine-indigo; indigo found in the urine 
in cystitis and in chronic kidney-diseases; it is also 
occasionally found in apparent health. 

cyasma (si-az'-mah) [Kveeiv, to be pregnant; pi., 
cyasmata]. The peculiar freckle sometimes seen 
upon pregnant women. 

cyathus (si'-a-thus) [kvo.6os, cup]. 1. A cup or 
glass. 2. The canal of the infundibulum cerebri. 

cyclarthrosis (sik-lar-thro'-sis) [kvkXos, a circle; 
apOpcMns, a joint]. A circular or rotatory articula- 
tion. 

cyclasterion scarlatinale (si-klas-te'-re-on skar-lat- 
in-a'-le). A supposed protozoal parasite found in 
the cutaneous cells in scarlet fever. 

cycle (si'-k'l) [kvkXos, a circle]. A period in 
which a round of operations or events is repeated; 
a succession of events or symptoms, c, aberrant, 
the establishment of communication between the 
pulmonary and bronchial vessels from congestion 
due to mitral stenosis, c, cardiac, the complete 
cardiac movements embracing the systolic and 
diastolic movements, with the interval between them. 
c, cardiacovascular, the circuit of the blood through 
the organism, c. of generation, c, generations, 
Haeckel's term for the successive changes through 
which an individual passes from its birth to the 
period when it is capable of reproducing its kind. 
c. of Golgi. See under Golgi. c. of Ross. See under 
Ross. 

cyclencephalus (si-klen-sef'-al-us). See cycloceph- 
alus. 

cyclic (si'-klik) [cycle]. 1. Having cycles or 
periods of exacerbation or change; intermittent. 
2. Having a self-limited course, as certain diseases. 
c. albuminuria. See albuminuria, cyclic, c. com- 
pound, in chemistry, an organic compound belonging 
to the closed-chain series, c. insanity. See insanity, 
circular. 

cyclitic shell (si-klit'-ik) [kvkXikos, circular]. 
A coherent, solid, fibrous mass of exudate, completely 
enveloping the crystalline lens. 

cyclitis (si-kli'-tis) [kvkXos, a circular body; ins, 
inflammation]. Inflammation of the ciliary body, 
manifested by a zone of congestion in the sclerotic 
coat surrounding the cornea. It may be serous, 
plastic, or suppurative. Iridocyclitis is the involve- 
ment of both iris and ciliary body in the inflammatory 
process. 

cyclo- (si-klo-) [kvkXos, a circle]. A prefix meaning 
relating to a circle or to the ciliary body. 

cyclocephalus (si-klo-sef'-al-us) [cyclo-; Ke<paXri, 
head]. A species of single autositic monsters char- 
acterized by a more or less complete absence of the 
olfactory organs, together with an intimate union of 



imperfectly developed or rudimentary visual organs, 
situated in the median line. 

cyclochoroiditis (si-klo-ko-roid-i'-tis) [cyclo-; cho- 
roiditis]. Combined inflammation of the ciliary 
body and the choroid. 

cyclodialysis (si-klo-di-al'-is-is). Detachment of 
the ciliary body from the sclera. It is performed 
purposely to effect reduction of intraocular tension 
in certain cases of glaucoma, especially when iridec- 
tomy is contraindicated or has failed. 

cyclophoria (si-klo-fo'-re-ah) [cyclo-; fcptiv, to 
bear]. 1. A term applied to the circulation of the 
fluids of the body. 2. An insufficiency of the oblique 
muscles of the eye, giving the eyes a tendency to 
roll outward or inward, so that the naturally vertical 
meridians would diverge either at the upper or lower 
extremities. 

cyclopia (si-klo' -pe-ah). See synophthalmia. 

cycloplegia (si-klo-ple'-je-ah) [cyclo-; irXvyn, a 
stroke]. Paralysis of the ciliary muscle of the 
eye. 

cycloplegic (si-klo-ple'-jik). 1. Relating to cyclo- 
plegia. 2. A drug which paralyzes the ciliary muscle. 

Cyclops (si'-klops) [Cyclops, a mythological monster 
with one eye located in the middle of the forehead]. 
A congenital malformation consisting in a fusion of 
the two eyes into one. c. quadricornis (kwad-re- 
kor'-nis). A fresh-water crutacean (copepod) which 
serves as intermediary host in the development of 
Filaria medinensis. 

cyclotherapy (si-klo-ther'-a-pe) [kvkXos, wheel; 
Bepaireia, therapy]. The use of the bicycle as a 
therapeutic measure. 

cyclothymia (si-klo-thi'-me-ah) [kvkXos, circle; 
dvfios, mind]. Cyclic insanity. See insanity. 

cyclothymiac (si-klo-thi'-me-ak). Affected with 
cyclothymia; a person so affected. 

cyclotome (sik'-lo-tom) [kvkXos, circle; rofibs, 
cutting]. A kind of knife for performing cyclotomy. 

cyclotomy (si-klot'-o-me) [cyclo-; Top.it, section]. 
An operation for the relief of glaucoma, consisting 
of an incision through the ciliary body. 

cydonium (si-do' -ne-um) [kvowviov, a quince]. 
Quince-seed. The seeds of Cydonia vulgaris, em- 
ployed mainly for the mucilage contined in the 
covering, which consists of a compound of gum and 
glucose, and is a bland demulcent; it is also used as a 
hair-dressing. 

cyematocardia (si-em-at-o-kar'-de-ah) [kvtiplo., a 
fetus; KdpSca, a heart]. Fetal rhythm of the heart- 
sounds. 

cyesiognosis (si-e-se-og-no'-sis) [kvtio~vs, preg- 
nancy; 7>w«, knowledge]. The diagnosis of 
pregnancy. 

cyesiology (si-e-se-ol'-o-je) [kvt}<tis, pregnancy; 
X670S, treatise]. The science of gestation in its 
medical aspects. 

cyesis (si-e'-sis) [Kvrjais, pregnancy]. Pregnancy. 

cyetic (si-et'-ik) [cyesis]. Relating to pregnancy. 

Cyl. Abbreviation for cylinder, or cylindrical lens. 

cylicotomy (sil-ik-ot'-o-me) [kvXi£, cup; rkp.vtiv, 
to cut]. Surgical incision of the ciliary muscle. 

cylinder (sil'-in-der) [KiiXivdpos, a cylinder]. 1. An 
elongated body of the same transverse diameter 
throughout and circular on transverse section. 2. See 
cast. 3. A cylindrical lens, c.s, Bence Jones'. See 
Bence-Jones' cylinders. 

cylindrenchyma . (sil-in-dreng'-kim-ah) [kvXivSpos, 
a cylinder; iy\vpa, an infusion]. A tissue composed 
of cylindrical cells. 

cylindric, cylindrical (sil-in'-drik, sil-in'-drik-al) 
[kvXwSpos, a cylinder]. Pertaining to or like a 
cylinder, c. lens. See lens. 

cylindroadenoma (sil-in-dro-ad-en-o'-mah). An 
adenoma containing cylindrical masses of hyaline 
matter. 

cylindrocephalic (sil-in-dro-sef-al'-ik). Affected 
with cylindrocephaly. 

cylindrocephaly (sil-in-dro-sef'-a-le) [KvXivdpos, 
cylinder; Kt<pdXi), head]. A cylindrical formation of 
the skull. 

cylindrodendrite (sil-in-dro-den'-drit). See paraxon. 

cylindroid (sil'-in-droid) [cylinder; elSos, likeness], 
A name given to a mucous cast frequently found in 
the urine in cases of mild irritation of the kidney. 
Cylindroids are ribbon-like forms, usually of great 
length, and of about the same diameter as renal 
casts. They may assume various shapes. One 
extremity is usually pointed and may be drawn out 
into a long tail. 



CYLINDROMA 



268 



CYRTOMETOPUS 



cylindroma (sil-in-dro'-mah) [cylinder; 5/xa, a 
tumor]. A myxosarcoma in which the degeneration 
is confined to areas surrounding the blood-vessels. 

cylindrosarcoma (sil-in-dro-sar-ko'-mah). A tumor 
containing both cylindromatous and sarcomatous 
elements. 

cylindrosis (sil-in-dro'-sis) [icvKevSpow, to roll]. 
A variety of bony articulation, the bone being rolled 
upon itself to form a canal and than a suture, as in 
the cranium. 

cylindruria (sil-in-dru'-re-ah) [cylinder; olpov, 
urine]. The discharge of urine containing hyaline 
casts or cylindroids. 

cyllin (sil'-in). Trade name of a preparation of 
creolin, used as a disinfectant. 

cyllopodia (sil-o-po'-de-ah) [kvW6ttovs, crook- 
footed]. The state of having a distorted foot, 
especially talipes varus. 

cyllosis (sil-o'-sis) [kO\\uo-is, crippled]. Club- 
foot; lameness from deformity. 

cyllosoma (sil-o-so'-mah) [kvX\6s, lame; <r&na, a 
body; pi., cyllosomata], A variety of single autositic 
monsters of the species celosoma, in which there is a 
lateral eventration occupying principally the lower 
portion of the abdomen, with absence or imperfect 
development of the lower extremity on that side 
occupied by the eventration. 

cyllosomus (sil-o-so'-mus) [kvXKos, crooked; crufia, 
body]. A monster characterized by an eventration 
in the side of the lower abdominal region and imper- 
fect development of the corresponding leg. 

cyllum (sil'-um) [kv\\6s, crooked]. Knock-knee. 

cymarin (si' -mar-in). Trade name of a preparation 
of Apocynum canabinum; it is used like digitalis. 

cymba (sim'-bah) [Kvpfi-q, a boat]. In biology, a 
boat-shaped sponge-spicule. c. conchae, the upper 
part of the concha of the ear, above the root of the 
helix. 

cymbiform (sim'-bif-orm) [cymba, boat; forma, 
shape]. In biology, boat-shaped, c. bone, the 
scaphoid bone. 

cymbocephalic, cymbocephalous (sim-bo-sef-al'-ik, 
sim-bo-sef'-al-us) [ki^/Stj, boat; Ke<pa\fi, head]. 
Exhibiting cymbocephaly. 

cymbocephaly (sim-bo-sef'-a-le) [kvuPt], boat; 
Ke<pa\r), head]. The condition of having a boat- 
shaped head. 

cyme (slm) [icv/ia, a young sprout]. In biology, a 
loose flower-cluster on the determinate or centrifugal 
plan. 

cymene (si'-men) [cyminum, cumin], C10H14. A 
hydrocarbon that occurs, together with cumic 
aldehyde in Roman caraway oil (from Cuminum 
cyminum), and in other ethereal oils. 

cymenyl (si'-men-il), C10H13. The univalent radi- 
cal found in cymene. 

cymic (si'-mik). Relating to cymene. 

cymol (si' -mot). See cymene. 

cymose (si'-mos) [kujuo, a young sprout]. In 
biology, pertaining to a cyme; bearing cymes. 

cynanche (sin-ang'-ke) [kvup, dog; &yxeu>, to 
strangle]. An old name for any acute affection of 
the throat, as diphtheria, croup, tonsillitis, etc., in 
which the patient struggles for breath, (as a panting 
dog), c. dysarthritica, sore throat sometimes 
resulting in abscess occurring during the course of an 
attack of arthritis. Syn., arthritic angina, c. ma- 
ligna, a fatal form of sore throat, c. sublingualis, 
inflammation of the connective tissue of the floor 
of the mouth, c. suffocativa. Synonym of croup. 
c. tonsillaris. See quinsy. 

cynanthropia (sin-an-thro'-pe-ah) [kvwv, dog; avdpw- 
71-os, a man]. A mania in which the patient believes 
himself a dog, and imitates the actions of one. 

cynapine {si' -nap-en). A poisonous alkaloid 
obtained from the seeds of JEthusa cynapium. 

cyniatria (si-ne-a'-tri-ah) [kvuv, dog; iarpela, 
medication]. The science or treatise of the diseases 
of the dog and their treatment. 

cynic (sin'-ik) [kwikos, dog-like]. Pertaining to a 
dog. c. spasm, a contraction of the facial muscles 
upon one side so as to expose the teeth, in the manner 
of an angry dog. 

cynobex hebetica (si'-no-beks he-bet' -ik-ah) [kvwv, 
dog; /Si7£, cough; riPrjTiKos, youthful]. The convul- 
sive cough of puberty; a loud, dry, barking cough 
that often attacks boys and girls at puberty. 

cynocephalous (si-no-sef'-al-us) [kvuv, dog; Ke<pa\rj, 
the head]. With the head dog-shaped. 

cynodontes (si-no-don' -tez) [kvwv, dog; 6S6vs, 



tooth]. The canine teeth, so called from their 
resemblance to the teeth of a dog. 

Cynoglossum (si-no-glos'-um) [kvuv, dog; y\&a<ra, 
the tongue]. A genus of boraginaceous plants. 
The powdered root, leaves, and flowers of C. officinale, 
hound's-tongue, are recommended as a cure for ul- 
cerated epithelioma; application twice daily. 

cynolyssa (si-no-lis'-ah) [kvuv, dog; \vo-oa, rabies]. 
Hydrophobia; rabies. 

cynomania (si-no-ma' -ne-ah) [kvuv, dog; p&via, 
madness]. Term proposed by Ellis (1899) as a 
substitute for lyssa or rabies. 

cynophobia (si-no-fo'-be-ah) [kvuv, a dog; <p6pos, 
fear]. 1. Morbid fear of dogs. 2. Imaginary hydro- 
phobia. 

cynorexia (si-no-reks'-e-ah) [kvcov, dog; 8pe£«, 
appetite]. Canine voracity; bulimia. 

cynospasmus (si-no-spaz'-mus) [kvuv, dog; o~wao~nos, 
spasm]. Same as cynic spasm. 

cynurenic acid (sin-u-ren'-ik) [see cynurin], 
C20H14N2O6+2H2O. A crystalline acid found in 
dog's urine. It is a decomposition-product of pro- 
teids. On heating it cynurin is evolved. 

cynurin (sin'-u-rin) [kvuv, dog; olpov, urine], 
C18H14N2O2. A base from cynurenic acid. 

Cyon's nerve (se-on(g)) [Elie de Cyon, Russian 
physiologist, 1843- ]. The depressor nerve of 
the heart, derived from the pneumogastric. 

cyophoria (si-o-fo'-re-ah) [kvos, fetus; <pkpti.v, to 
carry]. Pregnancy; gestation. 

cyophorin (si-off'-or-in). See gravidin. 

cyopin (si'-o-pin) [nvaveos, blue; -kvov, pus]. The 
coloring-matter found in blue-pus. 

cyotrophy (si-ot'-ro-fe) [kvos, fetus; rpcxfiri, nourish- 
ment]. Nutrition of the fetus. 

Cyperus (si-pe'-rus) [icvireipos, a sweet-smelling 
marsh-plant]. A genus of sedges. C. articulatus, 
adrue, a species of South America, is antiemetic and 
tonic. Dose of fluidextract 10-30 min. (0.6-1.8 Cc.). 
C. rotundus is a tropical species, the tubers of which 
are tonic and stimulant and are used in treatment 
of cholera. 

cyphosis (si-fo'-sis). See kyphosis. 

cyphotic (si-fot'-ik). See kyphotic. 

cypress oil (si'-pres). Oleum cupressi. An oil 
distilled from the leaves and young branches of 
cupressus sempervirens. 

cyprian (sip'-re-an) [island of Cyprus, the original 
source of copper]. Containing copper. 

cypridol (sip'-rid-ol). A 1 % solution of nascent 
mercuric iodide in aseptic oil; it is used in syphilis 
(dose 3 gr.-o.2 Gm.) and as an application in skin 



cypridopathy (sip-rid-op'-ath-e) [Kinrpis, Venus; 
ir6Bos, disease]. An adenopathy of venereal origin. 

cypripedin (sip-rip-e'-din) [Ku7rpis, Venus; ir65u>v, 
a slipper]. A precipitate from the tincture of 
Cypripedium pubescens; antispasmodic, nervine, 
narcotic. Dose i to 3 grains. 

cypripedium (sip-re-pe'-de-um) [Kvirpis, Venus; 
vobiov, a slipper]. Lady's-slipper. The roots of 
C. pubescens and C. parviflorum, American valerian, 
the properties of which are due to a volatile oil and 
an acid. It is an antispasmodic and stimulant tonic, 
used instead of valerian, which it resembles. Dose of 
the fluidextract 10-30 min. (0.6-1.8 Cc). 

cypriphobia (sip-rif-o'-be-ah) [Kvirpis, Venus, 
<j>6flos, fear]. 1. Fear of sexual intercourse. 2. Fear 
of contracting venereal disease. 

Cyprus fever (si'-prus fev-er). Same as Malta 
fever. C. vitriol. Same as blue vitriol. 

cyrtocephalus (sir-to-sef'-al-us) [kvptos, convex; 
Ke<t>a\v, head]. Having a short head. 

cyrtocoryphus (sir-to-kor'-if-us) [kvptos, convex; 
Kopv<pii, the crown of the head]. Lissauer's term for 
a skull with a parietal angle between 122 and 132 °. 

cyrtograph (sir'-to-graf) [kvptos, curved; yptupeiv, 
to record]. A recording cyrtometer. 

cyrtoid (sir'-toid) [kvptos, curved; eldos, likeness]. 
Hump-like. 

cyrtoma (sir-to' -mah) [KvpTupa, a curving; pi., 
cyrtomata]. A convexity, especially one that is 
abnormal. 

cyrtometer (sir-torn' -et-er) [kvptos, curved; ukrpov, 
a measure]. An instrument adapted for measuring 
curves. One form is used to locate the fissures of 
the brain. 

cyrtometopus (sir-to-met-o'-pus) [kvptos, convex; 
p.kToirov, the forehead]. Lissauer's term for a skull 
in which the angle formed by lines connecting the 



CYRTOMETRY 



269 



CYSTICUS 



nasion with the bregma and the metopion is between 
120° and 130.5°. 

cyrtometry (sur-tom'-et-re) [kvptos, curved; pkrpov, 
a measure]. The measurement of the curves of the 
body. 

cyrtonosus (sir-ton' -o-sus) [kvptos, curved; vbaos, 
a disease]. Synonym for rhachitis. 

cyrtopisthocranius (sir-to-pis-tho-kra'-ne-us) [kvptos, 
curved; 6iri<reoKpiu>iov, the occiput]. Lissauer's 
term for a skull in which the angle of the summit 
of the occiput is between 117° and 140 . 

cyrtosis^ (sir-to'-sis) [kvptos, curved]. 1. Spinal 
curvature. 2. Any deformity of the bones. 

cyrturanus (sir-tu-ra'-nus) [kvptos, curved; ovpavos, 
the roof of the mouth]. Lissauer's term for a skull 
in which the angle of the roof of the mouth is between 
132 and I47.5 - 

cyst (sist) [kvotls, a pouch]. 1. A bladder. 2. A 
cavity containing fluid and surrounded by a capsule. 
c.s, adgenic, congenital dermoid cysts adhering to the 
genial tubercles, c.s, adhyoid, dermoid cysts ad- 
herent to the hyoid bone, c, adventitious, one in- 
closing a foreign body, c, air-, one containing gas. 
c, allantoic, cystic dilation of the urachus. c, ap- 
oplectic, one inclosing a cerebral effusion of blood. 
c, arachnoid, a meningeal hematoma, c, athero- 
matous. See atheroma (1). c.s, Baker's. See 
Baker's cysts, c, blood-. See hematoma, c, Boy- 
er's. See Boyer's cyst, c, branchial, one formed 
from incomplete closure of a branchial cleft in an 
embryo, c. of the broad ligament, one originating 
in the ovary and developing between the layers of 
the broad ligament, c, butter-, a cystic tumor of the 
mammary gland containing semisolid contents of 
yellowish-brown color and of buttery consistence, 
that may harden with exposure to the air. c, 
chyle, one in the mesentery containing chyle, c, 
colloid, a cyst with jelly-like contents, c, compound. 
See c, multilocular. c, conjunctival, a rare congenital 
cyst, transparent and of the size of a pea, occurring 
near the corneal margin, c, Cowperian, c, Cowper's. 
See under Cowper. c.s, crab's-eye, small vesicles 
which appear over Heberden's nodosities, c, 
cutaneous. See c, dermoid, c, daughter-, any 
one of the small cysts developed by secondary growth 
from the walls of a large cyst, c, dentigerous, one 
containing teeth, c, dermoid, a congenital cyst 
containing bone, hair, teeth, etc. c, distention, a 
normal serous cavity distended with a collection of 
watery fluid, c, echinococcus-, a cyst formed in 
various tissues and organs of man by the larva of 
the Tcenia echinococcus of the dog, taken into the 
stomach, c, extravasation, a cyst formed by the 
encapsulation of a hemorrhage or other fluid into 
the tissues, c, exudation. See c, extravasation. 
c, false. See c, adventitious, and c, exudation. 
c, follicular, one due to the occlusion of the duct of a 
small follicle or gland, c, Gartnerian, a cystic tumor 
originating in Gartner's duct, c, hydatid. See 
c, echinococcus-. c, intraligamentous. See c. of 
the broad ligament, c, involution-, multiple cystic 
dilatation of the milk-ducts after the menopause. 
c, Kobelt's. See under Kobelt. c, Meibomian. 
See chalazion, c, Morgagnian. See Morgagni, 
hydatid of. c, mucoid, a retention cyst in a mucous 
follicle or in the duct of a muciparous gland, c, 
mucous, a retention cyst containing mucus, c, 
multilocular, one composed of many separate com- 
partments, c.s, Nabothian, small retention cysts 
formed by the Nabothian follicles, c, neural, a 
cyst-like distention of a lymph-space of the brain or 
spinal cord, c, nevoid, one with vascular walls. 
c, pilous, c, pilocystic. See pilonidal fistula, c, 
proligerous, c, recurring proliferous, a cystic adeno- 
sarcoma; one that has undergone cystic degeneration. 
c, renal, a cyst-like dilatation of the kidney, c, 
retention, one that is due to the retention of the 
secretion of a gland, in consequence of closure of the 
duct, as in mucous or sebaceous cysts, c, rice- 
grain, cystic distention of a synovial sheath con- 
taining rice-seed bodies, c, sebaceous, a retention 
cyst of a sebaceous gland, c, secondary, a cyst 
within a cyst, c, serous, one containing trans- 
parent watery fluid, c, softening, one due to 
encapsulation of the fluid after liquefactive necrosis. 
c, sterile, a true hydatid cyst which fails to reproduce. 
c, sublingual. See ranula. c, true, an abnormal 
cyst not formed by the dilatation of some canal or 
cavity, c, umbilical, a congenital cyst in the 
umbilical region said to be due to shutting-off of a 



portion of the fetal stomach, c, unilocular, one 
having but a single cavity, c, urinary, a thin- 
walled cyst of the cortical substance of the kidney, 
projecting beneath the capsule and containing a clear 
yellow fluid, c.-worm. See cysticercus. 

cystadenoma (sist-ad-en-o'-mah) [cyst; adenoma]. 
1. An adenoma containing cysts. 2. Adenoma of 
the bladder, c. papilliferum, an adenoma containing 
cysts with papilla? on the inner aspect of the cyst- 
walls. 

cystadenosarcoma (sist-ad-en-o-sar-ko'-mah). Com- 
bined cystadenoma and sarcoma. See cyst, proli- 
gerous. 

cystalgia (sist-al'-je-ah) [cyst; SXyos, pain]. Pain 
in the bladder. 

cystamine (sist'-am-en). A compound of formal- 
dehyde and ammonia, used as a bactericide and 
antiseptic in cystitis and gout. Dose 5-10 gr. 
(0.33-0.66 Gm.). 

cystanastrophe (sist-an-as'-tro-fe). See inversion 
of bladder. 

cystatrophia (sist-at-ro'-fe-ah) [cyst; atrophy]. 
Atrophy of the urinary bladder. 

cystauchenitis (sist-aw-ken-i'-tis) [cyst; a\>xhv, neck; 
ms, inflammation]. Inflammation of the neck of 
the bladder; trachelocystitis. 

cystauchenotomy (sist-aw-ken-ot'-o-me) [cyst; avxv 1 ', 
neck; rkp-vtiv, to cut]. A surgical incision into the 
neck of the bladder. 

cystauxe (sist-awks'-e) [cyst; av£r), increase]. 
Thickening of the bladder. 

cystectasia, cystectasy (sist-ek-ta'-ze-ah, sist-ek'- 
tas-e) [cyst; Iktcktis, a stretching out]. 1. Dilatation 
of the bladder. 2. Surgical dilatation of the urethra 
or of its prostatic portion in certain operations for 
stone. 

cystectomy (sist-ek'-to-me) [cyst; ex.Top.ii, excision]. 
1. Excision of the cystic duct. 2. Excision of gall 
bladder, or part of the urinary bladder. 3. Removal 
of a cyst. 

cystein (sist'-e-in) [cyst], C2H7NO2S. A com- 
pound obtained by reducing cystin; it is a crystalline 
powder, soluble in water, yielding an indigo-blue 
color with ferric chloride; in the air it rapidly oxidizes 
to cystin. c, reaction for. See Andreasch's reaction 
for cystein. 

cystelcosis (sist-el-ko'-sis) [cyst; IX/coxris, ulcera- 
tion]. Ulceration of the bladder. 

cystencephalia (sist-en-sef-al'-e-ah) [cyst; ZyKe<pa\6s, 
the brain]. The state or condition of a cysten- 
cephalus. 

cystencephalus (sist-en-sef-aUus) [cyst; eyKe<pa.\6s, 
the brain]. A form of monstrosity in which the 
brain is replaced by a cyst-like structure. 

cystendesis (sis-ten-de'-sis) [cyst; £v8ii<Tis, sutur- 
ing]. Suture of a wound in the gall-bladder or in 
the urinary bladder. 

cysterethism (sist-er'-eth-izm) [cyst; ipedurp.6s 
irritation]. Irritability of the bladder. 

cysthitis (sis-thi'-tis) [kv<t9os, vulva; ins, inflamma- 
tion]. Inflammation of the vulva. 

cysthus (sis' -thus) [L.]. 1. The vulva. 2. The 
anus. 

cysthypersarcosis (sist-hi-per-sar-ko'-sis) [cyst; virkp, 
over; vLpKuxns, the growth of flesh]. Hypertrophy 
of the muscular walls of the bladder. 

cystic (sist'-ik) [cyst]. 1. Pertaining to or re- 
sembling a cyst. 2. Pertaining to the urinary blad- 
der or to the gall-bladder, c. degeneration, de- 
generation, with cyst-formation, c. duct, the duct 
of the gall-bladder. 

cysticercoid (sist-e-ser'-koid). Resembling cysti- 
cercus; applied to any encysted tape-worm larva. 

Cysticercus (sist-e-ser'-kus) [cyst; KkpKos, a tail]. 
The embryo of a tape-worm when it has reached 
the encysted stage. A hydatid. C. bovis, the larva 
of Tcenia saginata, the beef tape-worm. C. cellu- 
loses, the larval parasite inhabiting the intermuscular 
connective tissue of the pig, producing the condition 
known as "measles." It is rarely found in the tissues 
of man. Its progenitor is the Tcenia solium. C. 
tenuicolis, that of Tcenia marginata of the dog. 

cysticolithectomy (sist-ik-o-lith-ek'-to-me) [cystic 
duct; \L9os, a stone; \iKTkpveiv, to cut out]. Von 
Greiffenhagen's operation for removal of calculi from 
the gall-bladder, consisting in opening the cystic 
duct alone and leaving the gall-bladder intact. 

cysticotomy (sist-ik-ot'-o-me) [cystic duct; Top.ii, a 
cutting]. Incision into the cystic duct. 

cysticus (sis'-tik-us). Any one member of a 



CYSTIDOLAPAROTOMY 



270 



CYSTOSCHISIS 



family of tape-worms which in the course of develop- 
ment form the cysticercus or bladder-worm. 

cystidolaparotomy (sist-id-o-lap-ar-ot'-o-me) [cystic; 
laparotomy]. An abdominovesical incision. 

cystidomyeloma (sist-id-o-mi-el-o'-mah) [kvotis, 
bladder; juueXos, marrow; 5/m, tumor]. A medullary 
carcinoma of the bladder. 

cystidotrachelotomy {sist-id-o-trak-el-ot'-o-me). See 
cystauchenotomy. 

cystifellotomy (sist-if-el-ot'-o-me) [cyst; fel, bile; 
rom, a cutting]. See cholecystotomy. 

cystiform (sist'-if-orm) [cystis, a bladder; forma, 
shape]. Encysted, cystomorphous. 

cystin {sist'-iri) [cyst], C3H7NO2S. A substance 
found in the urine. It occurs in regular, colorless, 
six-sided tables, of very characteristic appearance. 
c, test for. See Baumann and Goldmann, Liebig, 
Mueller. 

cystinemia (sist-in-e'-me-ah) [cystin; alp.a, blood]. 
The occurrence of cystin in the blood. 

cystinuria (sist-in-u'-re-ah) [cystin; ovpov, urine]. 
The presence of cystin in the urine. 

cystipathy (sist-ip'-a-the) [cyst; iraBos, disease]. 
Any disease of the bladder. 

cystirrhagia (sist-ir-af-e-ah). See cystohemor- 
rhagia. 

cystirrhea {sist-ir-e'-ah) [cyst; poia, a flow]. Vesi- 
cal catarrh. 

cystis (sist'-is). 1. A cyst. 2. A bladder, c. 
fellea, the gall-bladder, c. urinaria, the urinary 
bladder. 

cystitic (sist-it'-ik) [cystitis]. Relating to cystitis. 

cystitis (sist-i'-tis) [cyst; i-rts, inflammation]. 
Inflammation of the bladder. 

cystitome (sist'-it-om). See cystotome. 

cystitomy (sist-it'-o-me). See cystotomy (2). 

cysto- (sis-to-) [kvotls, bladder]. A prefix denoting 
relation to the bladder. 

cystoadenoma {sis-to-ad-en-o'-mah). Same as 
cystadenoma. 

cystoblast (sist'-o-blast). See cytoblast. 

cystobubonocele (sist-o-bii-bon'-o-sel) [cysto-; fiov- 
&iiv, groin; ktiXt}, hernia]. Hernia of the bladder 
through the inguinal ring. 

cystocarcinoma (sist-o-kar-sin-o'-mah). Carcinoma 
with cystic degeneration. 

cystocarp (sist'-o-karp) [cysto-; Kapirbs, fruit]. 
In biology, a name sometimes applied to the sporo- 
carp of certain algae. 

cystocele (sist'-o-sel) [cysto-; kti\t], a hernia]. A 
hernia of the bladder. 

cystochondroma (sist-o-kon-dro'-mah) [cysto-; x°f- 
Spos, cartilage; 6p.a, a tumor: pi., cystochondro- 
mata]. A neoplasm presenting the characters of 
both chondroma and cystoma. 

cystocolostomy (sist-o-kol-os'-tom-e) [cysto-; colos- 
tomy]. The surgical establishment of a permanent 
passage from the gall-bladder to the colon. 

cystodynia (sist-o-din'-e-ah) [cysto-; ddvvrj, pain]. 
Same as cystalgia. 

cystoelytroplasty (sis-to-el-it'-ro-plas-te)[ cysto-; e\v- 
rpov, sheath; ir\curo~eiv, to form]. Surgical repair 
of vesicovaginal fistula. 

cystoenterocele (sist-o-en'-ter-o-sel) [cysto-; Ivrepov, 
an intestine; ktjX?/, a hernia]. A hernia containing a 
part of the bladder and intestine. 

cystoepiplocele (sist-o-ep-ip'-lo-sel) [cysto-; iirlirXoov, 
the omentum; K17X77, a hernia]. Hernia of the bladder 
and of the omentum. 

cystoepithelioma (sist-o-ep-ith-e-le-o'-mah) [cysto-; 
epithelioma]. An epithelioma containing cysts filled 
with fluid. 

cystofibroma (sist-o-fi-bro'-mah) [pi. cysto fibromata.] 
A neoplasm presenting the character of both a 
fibroma and a cystoma. 

cystogastrostomy (sis-to-gas-tros'-to-me) [cysto-; 
yaoHip, stomach; <XTbp.a, mouth]. An operation 
which consists in anastomosing the gall-bladder to 
the stomach. 

cystogen (sist'-o-jen). See formin. 

cystogenia, cystogenesis {sist-o-je'-ne-ah, sist-o- 
jen'-e-sis) [cysto-; ytwav, to produce]. The forma- 
tion or genesis of cysts. 

cystohemia {sist-o-he'-me-ah) [cysto-; alua, blood], 
A congested condition of the bladder. 

cystohemorrhagia (sist-o-hem'-or-a-je-ah) [cysto-; 
hemorrhage]. Vesical hemorrhage. 

cystoid (sist'-oid) [cyst; eldos, likeness]. 1. Having 
the form or appearance of a bladder or cyst. 2. Com- 
posed of a collection of cysts. 3- A pseudocyst. 



cystolith (sist'-o-lith) [cysto-; \idos, a stone]. 
Vesical calculus. 

cystolithectomy (sis-to-lith-ek f -to-me) [cysto-; Xi0os, 
stone; i/crony, excision]. 1. The excision of a cal- 
culus from the bladder. 2. The removal of a gall- 
stone from the gall-bladder. 

cystolitbiasis (sist-o-lith-i'-as-is) [cysto-; \Wos, a 
stone]. Stone in the bladder; also that condition 
of the system that is associated with the presence 
of vesical calculus. 

cystolithic (sist-o-lith'-ik) [cysto-; \lffos, a stone]. 
Pertaining to a vesical calculus. 

cystology (sist-oV-o-je) [cysto-; Xoyoj, science]. 
The science of cyst-formations. 

cystolutein (sist-o-lu'-te-in) [cysto-; luteus, yellow]. 
A yellow coloring-matter found in cysts. 

cystoma (sist-o'-mah) [cyst; 5fia, a tumor: pi., 
cystomata], A newgrowth made up of cysts; applied 
especially to ovarian cysts, c. glandulare pro- 
liferum, c. proliferum papillare, proliferating Cystoma, 
a cystic formation derived from gland-ducts and 
acini. It is the most common form of ovarian and 
pancreatic cystoma; the lining of the inner wall 
consists of epithelium showing papillomatous growths 
or crypts resembling the acini of a gland. Syn., 
cylindrocellular adenoma. 

cystomerocele (sist-o-me'-ro-sel) [cysto-; wpos, 
thigh; kt)\t], hernia]. A hernia of the bladder 
through the femoral ring. 

cystomorphous (sist-o-mor'-fus). Having the form 
of a cyst. 

cystomyoma {sist-o-mi-o'-mah). A myoma con- 
taining cysts. 

cystomyxoadenoma (sist-o-miks-o-ad-en-o'-mah) . 
Cystomyxoma with adenoma. 

cystomyxoma (sist-o-miks-o'-mah). A myxoma 
containing cysts. 

cystoncus (sist-ong'-kus) [cysto-; ay/cos, a swelling]. 
Any swelling of the bladder. 

cystonephrosis {sist-o-ne-fro'-sis) [cysto-; ve<j>pbs, 
kidney]. A cystic or cystomorphous dilatation of 
the kidney. 

cystoneuralgia (sist-o-nu-ral'-je-ah) [cysto-; neu- 
ralgia]. Neuralgia of the bladder; cystalgia. 

cystoparalysis (sist-o-par-al'-is-is) [cysto-; paraly- 
sis]. Paralysis of the bladder. 

cystopexy (sist'-o-peks-e) [cysto-; iriftvs, fixation]. 
Fixation of the bladder, an operation for the cure 
of cystocele. 

cystophlegmatic (sist-o-fleg-mat'-ik) [cysto-; <p\kyp,a, 
phlegm]. Pertaining to vesical mucus. 

cystophotography (sist-o-fo-tog'-ra-fe). Photo- 
graphing the interior of the bladder for diagnostic 
purposes. 

cystoplastic (sist-o-plas'-tik). Relating to cysto- 
plasty. 

cystoplasty (sist-o-plas'-te) [cysto-; ir\aaaelv, to 
form]. Plastic operation upon the bladder. 

cystoplegia (sist-o-ple'-je-ah) [cysto-; ifKvyht a 
blow]. Paralysis of the bladder. 

cystoptosis (sist-op-to'-sis) [cysto-; ttt&vis, a fall]. 
The projection of some portion of the mucous mem- 
brane of the bladder into the urethra. 

cystopurin (sis-to-pil'-rin). A proprietary urinary 
antiseptic; a mixture of hexamethylenamine and 
sodium acetate. 

cystopyelitis (sist-o-pi-el-i'-tis) [cysto-; pyelitis]. 
Inflammation of the urinary bladder and the pelvis 
of the kidney. 

cystopyelonephritis {sist-o-pi-e-lo-nef-ri'-tis). See 
cystopyelitis. 

cystopyic {sist-o-pi'-ik). Relating to suppuration 
of the bladder. 

cystorectostomy (sist-o-rek-tos'-to-me) [cysto-; rec- 
tum; arop-a, a mouth]. The formation of a fistula 
between the rectum and bladder. 

cystorrhagia {sist-or-a'-je-ah). See cystohemor- 
rhagia. 

cystorrhapby {sist-or'-af-e) [cysto-; pa<pri, a seam]. 
Suture of the bladder. 

cystorrhea (sist-or-e'-ah) [cysto-; poia, a flow]. 
1. Vesical catarrh. 2. Vesical hemorrhage. 3. Poly- 
uria. 

cystorrhexis (sist-or-eks'-is) [cysto-; £§£«, rup- 
ture]. Rupture of the bladder. 

cystosarcoma (sist-o-sar-ko'-mah) [cysto-; sarcoma]. 
Mueller's name for a sarcoma containing cysts. 

cystoschisis (sist-osk'-is-is) [cysto-; ax^«. a 
cleaving]. A congenital fissure of the urinary 
bladder from imperfect development. 



CYSTOSCIRRHUS 



271 



CYTOPHYSIOLOGY 



cystoscirrhus (sist-o-skir'-us) [cysto-; cuppas, an 
induration]. Scirrhus of the urinary bladder. 

cystoscope (sist'-o-skop) [cysto-; aKowtlv, to ex- 
amine]. An instrument for inspecting the interior 
of the bladder. 

cystoscopy (sist-os'-ko-pe) [cysto-; o-KoireZv, to ex- 
amine]. Examination of the interior of the bladder 
by means of the cystoscope. 

cystose (sist'-os) [cyst]. Cystic; full of cysts. 

cystospasm (sist'-o-spazm) [cysto-; spasm]. Spasm 
of the bladder. 

cystospastic (sist-o-spas'-tik) '[cysto-; o-ira<rTiK6s, 
pulling]. Relating to spasm of the bladder. 

cystospermitis (sist-o-sperm-i'-tis) [cysto-; airkppa, 
a seed; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the 
seminal vesicles. 

cystosteatoma {sist-o-ste-at-o'-mah). See cyst, 
sebaceous. 

cystostomy (sist-os'-to-me) [cysto-; o-Topa, a mouth 
or opening]. The formation of a fistulous opening in 
the bladder-wall. 

cystotome (sist'-o-tom) [see cystotomy], A knife 
used in cystotomy; also a knife used in rupturing the 
capsule of the lens in cataract operations. 

cystotomy (sist-ot'-o-me) [cysto-; ropA\, a cutting]. 
i. Incision of the bladder. 2. Surgical division of 
the anterior capsule. 

cystotrachelotomy (sist-o-trak-el-ot'-o-me) . See 
cyslauchenotomy. 

cystoureteritis (sis-to-u-re-ter-i'-tis). Inflammation 
of the bladder and ureter. 

cystourethritis (sis-to-u-reth-ri'-tis). Inflammation 
of the bladder and urethra. 

cystourethroscope (sis-to-ii-re'-thro-skop). An in- 
strument for inspecting the bladder and posterior 
urethra. 

cytameba, cytamoeba (sit-am-e'-bah). See Plas- 
modium malarice. 

cytase (si'-taz). Metchnikoff's name for comple- 
ment. 

cytaster {si-las' -ter). The same as aster. 

cyte (sit) [kvtos, a hollow]. Any cell; especially 
a nuclear cell (used mostly in composition). 

cythemolysis (si-them-ol'-is-is) [kvtos, cell; alpa, 
blood; Xwns, dissolution]. Dissolution of the 
corpuscles of the blood. 

cytherean (si-the'-re-an) [Cythera, an island sacred 
to Venus]. Venereal, c. shield, a condom. 

cytheromania (sith-ur-o-ma'-ne-ah). See nympho- 
mania. 

cytisine (sit'-is-in) [kvtutos, a kind of clover], 
C20H27N3O. A poisonous alkaloid from Cytisus 
laburnum, the common laburnum, indigenous to 
the higher mountains of Europe and widely culti- 
vated, c. hydrochloride, C11H14N2O . HC1. It is a 
nervine. Dose &-& &• (0.003-0.005 Gm.) sub- 
cutaneously. c. nitrate, C11H14N2O . (HN03>2 + 
2H2O, used as is cytisine hydrochloride. 

cytisism (sit'-is-izm) [kvtio-os, a kind of clover]. 
Poisoning by means of Laburnum anagyroides, 
sometimes occurring in children and characterized 
by pains in the stomach, vomiting, weakness in the 
legs, meteorism, and collapse. 

cytitis (si-ti'-tis) [cutis; ms, inflammation]. Der- 
matitis. 

cyto- (si-to-) [kvtos, a cell]. A prefix denoting 
relating to a cell. 

cytoblast (si'-to-blast) [cyto-; /SXaoros, a germ]. 
1. In biology, applied to the nucleus of a cell; also 
one of the ameboid cytodes going to make up the 
cytoblastema of sponges. 2. One of the hypothetical 
ultimate vital units of the cell. See bioblast. 3. Any 
naked cell or protoblast. 

cytoblastema (si-to-blas-te'-mah). See blastema. 

cytochemism (si-to-kem'-izm) [cyto-; xvneLa, chem- 
istry]. The reaction of the living cell to chemical 
reagents, antitoxins, etc. 

cytochemistry (si-to-kem'-is-tre). The chemistry 
of living cells. 

cytochrome (si'-to-krom) [cyto-; xpw/xa, color]. 
A term applied by Nissl to nerve-cells deficient in 
cell-protoplasm, the nucleus not being completely 
surrounded. The nucleus stains well and is about the 
size of the leukocyte nucleus. 

cytochylema (si-lo-ki-le'-mah) [cyto-; xv^bs, juice]. 
Strasburger's term for the inter-reticular portion of 
protoplasm; cell-juice. 

cytochyma, cytochyme (si-to-ki'-mah, si'-to-kim) 
[cyto-; xvp-bs, juice]. The water-sap in the vacuoles 
of the cytochylema of protoplasm. 



cytoclasis (si-to-kla'-sis) [cyto-; k\6.v, to break; 
to weaken]. Cell-necrosis. 

cytode (si' -tod) [cyto-; tUos, form]. The simplest, 
most primitive form of cell, without nucleus or nucle- 
olus. 

cytodendrite (si-to-den'-drlt) [cyto-; bkvbpov, a 
tree]. Lenhossek's term for a true medullated, 
cellulifugally conducting collateral fibril of a nerve- 
cell. Cf. axodendrite. 

cytoderm (si'-to-derm) [cyto-; deppa, skin]. In 
biology, a cell-wall. 

cytodiagnosis (si-to-di-ag-no'-sis). The determina- 
tion of the nature of a pathogenic liquid by the 
study of the cells it contains. 

cytodieresis (si-to-di-er'-es-is) [cyto-; dicdpeais, 
division]. The process of cell-division. 

cytodistal (si-to-dis'-tal) [cyto-; distare, to stand 
apart]. Applied to that portion of an axon furthest 
removed from its cell of origin. 

cytogenesis (si-to-jen'-es-is) [cyto-; ykveo-is, pro- 
duction]. The formation or genesis of the cell. 

cytogenetic (si-to-jen-et'-ik) [cyto-; -ykvto-is, pro- 
duction]. Relating to cell-formation. 

cytogenic (si-to- j en' -ik). See cytogenous. 

cytogenous (si-toj'-en-us) [cyto ; a cell; ykvr\s, pro- 
ducing]. In biology, producing cells. 

cytogeny (si-toj'-en-e). See cytogenesis. 

cytoglobin (si-to-glo' -bin) [cyto-; globus, a ball]. 
An albuminoid, obtainable in the form of a white, 
soluble powder. It forms about 3 % of the pulp 
of the lymphatic glands. 

cytographic (si-to-graf'-ik) [cyto-; ypiupetv, to 
write]. Descriptive of cells. 

cytography (si-tog' -ra-fe) [cyto-; yp&<peu>, to write]. 
A description of cells. 

cytohyaloplasm (si-to-hi' ' -al-o-plazm) [cyto-; CaXos, 
transparent; iry do-pa, formed matter]. Strasburger's 
name for the reticulum of protoplasm. 

cytohydrolist (si-to-hi' -dro-list) [cyto-; hydrolysis]. 
An agent producing hydrolysis of cellular substance. 

cytoid (si'-toid) [kvtos, cell; eldos, likeness]. 
Resembling a cell. 

cytolergy (si-tol'-er-je) [cyto-; Ipyov, work]. Cell- 
activity. 

cytologist (si-toV -o-jist) [cyto-; \byos, science]. 
One who is versed in cytology. 

cytology (si-tol'-o-je) [cyto-; \6yos, science]. The 
science of cell-formation and cell-life. 

cytolymph (si'-to-limf) [cyto-; lympha, clear water]. 
The ground-substance or matrix of the cytoplasm 
of cells. 

cytolysin (si-tol'-is-in) [cyto-; lysin], A substance 
produced in the body through the injection of foreign 
cells of any kind; it can destroy the same kind of 
cells as were used in the injection. Cf. epitheliolysin, 
leukocytolysin, nephrolysin, spermolysin. 

cytolysis (si-tol'-is-is). Cell-dissolution. 

cytolytic (si-to-lit' -ik). Relating to or concerned 
in cell-destruction. 

cytoma (si-to'-mah) [cyto-; 6pa, tumor]. A cell 
tumor; a tumor consisting of cells artificially arranged. 

cytometer (si-tom'-et-er) [cyto-; pkrpov, a measure]. 
A device for. counting cells, especially blood-cor- 
puscles. See also hemacytometer. 

cytomicrosome (si-to-mik'-ro-som) [cyto-; piKpos, 
small; o~upa, body]. A microsome of cytoplasm. 

cytomitoma (si-to-mi-to'-mah) [cyto-; piros, a 
fiber]. The fibrillar part of a cell-body. See 
mitome. 

cytomorphosis (si-to-mor-fo'-sis) [cyto-; pbppwais, 
a shaping]. A term proposed by Minot to designate 
comprehensively all the structural alterations which 
cells or successive generations of cells may undergo 
from the earliest undifferentiated stage to their final 
destruction. 

cyton (si' -ton) [kvtos, a cell]. 1. A cell. 2. A 
nerve cell. 

cytopathy (si-top' -ath-e) [cyto-; vaBos, disease]. 
Disease of the living cell. 

cytophagous (si-toff' -ag-us) [cyto-; tpayeiv, to 
devour]. Phagocytic; of the nature of a phagocyte; 
cell-devouring. 

cytophagy (si-tof'-aj-e) [cyto-; <f>ayelp, to devour]. 
The englobing of cells by other cells. 
, cytophil, cytophile (si'-to-fil) [cyto-; <f>t\elv, to love]. 
The haptophorous group of the intermediary body 
with which it combines with the receptor of the cell. 
See amboceptor. 

cytophysiology (si-to-fiz-e-ol'-o-je) [cyto-; physi- 
ology]. The physiology of a cell unit. 



CYTOPLASM 



272 CZERNY-TRUNECEK'S METHOD 



cytoplasm, cytoplasma (si'-to-plazm, -plaz'-mah) 
[cyto-; ir\a<rna, anything formed], i. Protoplasm. 
2. Cell-plasm other than that of the nucleus; the 
paraplasm and endoplasm of a cell. 

cytoplastin (si-to-plas'-tin) [cyto-; liKaaaeiv, to 
mold]. Schwartz's name for cell-protoplasm. 

cytoproximal (si-to-proks'-im-al) [cyto-; proximare, 
to draw near]. A term applied to that portion of 
an axon nearest its cell of origin. 

cytoreticulum (si-to-ret-ik'-u-lum) [cyto-; reticulum, 
a little net]. Same as cytomitoma. 

Cytorrhyctes, Cytoryctes (si-tor -ik'-tez) [cyto-; 
bpvuTvs, a digger]. A genus of protozoa. C. 
aphtharum, a species believed to cause foot-and- 
mouth disease. C. luis, one thought to be the cause 
of syphilis. C. scarlatina?, one believed to be the 
exciting agent of scarlatina. C. variolae, one found 
in variola and, in a modified form, in vaccinia. 

cytoscopy (si-tos'-ko-pe). See cytodiagnosis. 

cytose (si'-tos). A cellulose-dissolving enzyme 
found in the snail and carp. 

cytosin (si'-tos-in), C21H30N16O4+5H2O. A basic sub- 
stance obtained as a cleavage product from thymin. 

cytosome (si'-to-som) [cyto-; aix>iia., a body]. A 
cell-body as distinguished from the nucleus. 

cytospongium (si-to-spun' -je-um) [cyto-; ciroyyos, 
sponge]. The cell network or spongioplasm con- 
taining in its meshes the hyaloplasm. Cf. mitome 
and paramitome. 

cytostasis (si-tos'-tas-is) [cyto-; stasis]. Stoppage 
or plugging of the capillaries by the blood-cells. 

cytostome (si'-to-stom) [cyto-; axona, mouth]. 
In biology, the oral aperture of a unicellular organism. 

cytotactic (si-to-tak'-tik). Pertaining to cytotaxis. 

cytotaxis (si-to-taks'-is) [cyto-; t6£is, order]. 
The directive influence which determines the arrange- 
ment of cells. The selective, ordering, and arranging 
function of a living cell. 

cytothesis (si-to-the'-sis) [cyto-; 0e<r«, a placing or 
arranging]. Cell-repair. 

cytotoxic (si-to-toks'-ik). Same as cytolytic. 

cytotoxin (si-to-toks'-in). See cytolysin. Cf. 



hemotoxin, hepatotoxin, leukotoxin, nephrotoxin, sper- 
matoxin. 

cytotrophy (si-tot' -ro-fe) [cyto-; rpofo, nourish- 
ment]. The growth of the cell and sustentation of 
cell-life. 

cytozoon (si-to-zo'-on) [cyto-; $$ov, animal]. A 
protoplasmic cell-mass, probably parasitic in nature, 
with independent movement; found by Gaule in 
defibrinated blood and other structures. 

cytozyme (si'-to-zim). A substance, found in 
various tissues, capable of activating thrombin, the 
febrin-ferment. Also known as coagulin, thrombo- 
kinase. 

cytula (sit'-u-lah) [k(itos, a cell]. In biology, an 
impregnated ovum. 

cytuloplasm (sit'-u-lo-plazm) [cyto-; ir\6.<raeiv, to 
form, mold]. In biology, the mingled ovoplasm 
and spermoplasm in a cytula. 

Czermak's interglobular spaces (cher'-ma(h)k) 
[Johann Nepomuk Czermak, German physician, 1828- 
1873]. Irregular branched spaces in the crusta pe- 
trosa and enamel of the teeth. 

Czerny Lembert suture. The application of 
Lembert sutures after the Czerny sutures are in 
place. 

Czerny's operation (cher'-ne) [Vincenz Czerny, 
German surgeon, 1842- ]. For the radical cure of 
inguinal hernia; the sac is exposed and isolated; the 
neck is tied with a strong catgut ligature, and cut 
off below this point; the stump is pushed into the 
abdominal cavity; the borders of the opening are 
freshened and united by continuous catgut sutures. 
C.'s suture. For intestinal wounds; one in which 
the needle is passed from the serous surface through 
the wound, down to, but not including, the mucous 
membrane, and through the wound on the opposite 
side, and out on the serous surface. 

Czerny-Trunecek's method. A method of treating 
cutaneous epithelioma: by cauterization, or by the 
application, with a brush, after scarification, of the 
following solution: arsenic trioxid, 1 Gm.; ethyl- 
alcohol and distilled water, each, 40-50 Cc. 



D. An abbreviation of dexter, right; diopter, 
unit for measuring refractive power of a lens; dosis, 
dose; detur, let it be given; dentur, let them be given; 
da, give; duration; density. 

daboia (dab'-oi-ah). The venom of Russell's viper. 
Da Costa's disease [Jacob M. Da Costa, American 
physician, 1833-1900]. Retrocedent gout. 

dacry-, dacryo- (dak-re-, dak-re-o-) [Saxpvov, a 
tear]. Prefixes signifying pertaining to the tears or 
tear-ducts. 

dacryadenalgia (dak-re-ad-en-al'-je-ah) [dacry-; 
&8r}v, gland; a\yos, pain]. Pain in a lacrimal gland. 

dacryadenitis (dak-re-ad-en-i'-tis). Same as dacryo- 
adenitis. 

dacryadenoscirrhus (dak-re-ad-en-o-skir'-us) [dac- 
ry-; aSty, a gland; CKippfc, hard]. An indurated 
tumor of the lacrimal gland. 

dacryagogatresia (dak-re-ag-o-gat-re'-ze-ah) [dacry-; 
ayuyos, leading; atresia]. Atresia or obstruction of a 
tear-duct. 

dacryagogue, dacryagog (dak'-re-a-gog) [dacry-; 
iyoyyos, leading]. 1. Inducing tears. 2. An agent 
causing a flow of tears. 

dacrycystalgia (dak-re-sis-tal'-je-ah). See dacryo- 
cystalgia. 

dacryelcosis (dak-re-el-ko'-sis) [dacryo-; ehuoxris, 
ulceration]. Ulceration of the lacrimal apparatus. 

dacrygelosis (dak-re-jel-o'-sis) [dacry-; yk\us, 
laughter]. Alternate weeping and laughing. 

dacryoadenitis (dak-re-o-ad-en-i'-tis) [dacry-; hbijv, 
a gland; iris, inflammation]. Inflammation of a 
lacrimal gland. 

dacryoblenorrhea (dak-re-o-blen-or-e'-ah) [dacryo-; 
/SXevyos, mucus; poLa, a flow]. Chronic inflamma- 
tion and discharge of mucus from the lacrimal sac. 

dacryocele (dak'-re-o-sel) [dacryo-; 107X77, hernia]. 
See dacryocystocele. 

dacryocyst (dak'-re-o-sist) [dacryo-; cyst]. The 
lacrimal sac. 

dacryocystalgia (dak-re-o-sist-al'-je-ah) [dacryocyst; 
a-yXos, pain]. t Pain in the lacrimal sac. 

dacryocystitis (dak-re-o-sis-ti'-tis) [dacryocyst; ins, 
inflammation]. Inflammation of the lacrimal sac. 
d. blennorrhoica, purulent inflammation of the 
lacrimal sac. d. phlegmonosa, inflammation of the 
tissues composing the lacrimal sac and of the sur- 
rounding soft parts. 

dacryocystitome (dak-re-o-sis'-tit-om). Same as 
dacryocystotome. 

dacryocystoblennorrhea (dak-re-o-sis-to-blen-or-e r - 
ah) [dacryocyst; blennorrhea]. Chronic inflammation 
of the lacrimal sac with a muco-purulent discharge. 

dacryocystocele (dak-re-o-sist'-o-sel) [dacryo-; Kva- 
ns, a sac; 107X77, hernia]. Protrusion of a lacrimal 
sac. 

dacryocystoptosis (dak-re-o-sis-top-to'-sis) [dacryo-; 
kvotvs, a cyst; ttwo-is, a falling]. Prolapse or down- 
ward displacement of a lacrimal sac. 

dacryocystotome (dak-re-o-sis' -to-torn) [dacryocyst]. 
An instrument for dividing strictures of the lacrimal 
passages. 

dacryocystotomy (dak-re-o-sist-ot'-o-me). Incision 
of the lacrimal sac. 

dacryohemorrhea, dacryohaemorrhcea (dak-re-o- 
hem-or-e'-ah) [dacryo-; alp.a, blood; pola, a flow]. 
The weeping of bloody tears. 

dacryohemorrhysis (dak-re-o-hem-or'-is-is) [dacryo-; 
alp.a, blood; pwns, a flowing]. The weeping of 
bloody tears; a flow of blood from a lacrimal duct. 

dacryoid (dak'-re-oid) [dacryo-; «I5os, form]. 
Resembling a tear. 

dacryolin (dak'-re-o-lin). The albuminous material 
in tears. 

dacryolite (dak'-re-o-lit). See dacryolith. 

dacryolith (dak'-re-o-lith) [dacryo-; \Wos, a stone]. 
A calcareous concretion in the lacrimal passages. 

dacryolithiasis (dak-re-o-lith-i'-as-is) [dacryo-; Xi0os, 
a stone]. The morbid condition that is attended 
by the formation of dacryoliths; also, the presence 
of dacryoliths. 



dacryoma (dak-re-o' -mah) [dacryo-; ojia, tumor]. 
1. A lacrimal tumor. 2. Obstruction of the lacrimal 
puncta, causing epiphora. 

dacryon (dak'-re-on). 1. A tear. 2. See under 
craniometric point. 

dacryops (dak' -re-ops) [dacryo-; of/, eye]. 1 
Watery eye. 2. A cyst of the duct of a lacrimal 
gland. 

dacryoptosis (dak-re-op-to'-sis) [dacryo-; xtw<tis, 
a falling]. 1. The falling or shedding of tears. 2. 
Dacryocystoptosis. 

dacryopyorrhea (dak-re-o-pi-or-e'-ah) [dacryo-; py- 
orrhea]. Purulent lacrimation. 

dacryopyosis (dak-re-o-pi-o'-sis) [dacryo-; vvov, pus] 
Suppuration in the lacrimal apparatus. 

dacry orrhea (dak-re-or-e'-ah) [dacryo-; pola, a 
flow]. An excessive flow of tears. 

dacryosolen (dak-re-o-so'-len) [dacryo-; o-wXV. pipe]. 
A lacrimal duct or canal. 

dacryosolenitis (dak-re-o-so-len-i'-tis) [dacryo-; au- 
\i)v, a pipe; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of 
a lacrimal duct. 

dacryostenosis (dak-re-o-ste-no'-sis) [dacryo-; arevos, 
narrow]. Stenosis or stricture of a lacrimal duct. 

dacryosyrinx (dak-re-o-sir'-inks) [dacryo-; avpiy!-, 
pipe]. 1. A lacrimal fistula. 2. A syringe for use 
in the lacrimal ducts. 

dacryuria (dak-re-u'-re-ah) [dacryo-; ovpov, urine]. 
The enuresis which accompanies weeping in cases of 
hysteria, fright, or nervousness. 

dactyl (dak' -til) [daxrvXos, a finger]. A digit; a 
finger or a toe. 

dactylagra (dak-til-a'-grah) [dactyl; ay pa, seizure]. 
An attack of gout or rheumatism in the fingers. 

dactylate (dak'-til-dt) [dactyl]. Resembling a 
finger. Possessing five rays or appendages. 

dactylic (dak'-til-ik). Pertaining to a finger or a 
toe. 

dactyliferous (dak-til-if'-er-us) [dactyl; ferre, to 
bear]. 1. Having fingers or finger-like parts, organs, 
or appendages. 2. [SoktvKos, a date, so called 
because shaped like a dactyl.] Date-bearing, as 
Phoenix dactylifera, the date-palm. 

dactylion (dak-til 1 -e-on) . See syndactylism. 

dactylitis (dak-til-i'-tis) [dactyl; ins, inflammation]. 
Inflammation of a finger or a toe. d. syphilitica, a 
rare tertiary-syphilitic affection of the fingers and 
toes, consisting of a gummatous infiltration of the 
subcutaneous connective tissue and of the fibrous 
portions of the joints and bones. It is accompanied 
by great deformity, and should be distinguished 
from a similar affection of the muscular tissues, called 
by Lewin phalangitis syphilitica. Syn., paronychia 
syphilitica. 

dactylocampsodynia (dak-til-o-kamp-so-din'-e-ah) 
[dactyl; Kap^/vs, a bending; 65wi7, pain]. Painful 
flexion of the fingers or toes. 

dactylogram (dak-til' -o- gram) [dactyl; ypappa, a 
mark]. A finger print, generally used for purposes 
of identification. 

dactylograph (dak-til'-o-graf) [dactyl; ypa<pti,v, to 
write]. 1. A "typewriter"; a writing machine 
operated by the fingers. 2. A keyboard instrument 
for the purpose of communication between blind 
deaf-mutes. 

dactylogryposis (dak-til-o-grip-o'-sis) [dactyl; ypvros, 
curved]. Abnormal curvature of the fingers or toes. 
dactyloid (dak'-til-oid) [dactyl; elSos, form]. 
Resembling a finger. 

dactylology (dak-til-ol'-o-je) [dactyl; \6yos, speech]. 
Conversation or talking by the fingers. 

dactylolysis (dak-til-ol'-is-is) [dactyl; Xvais, loosen- 
ing]. The falling off of a finger or toe. d. spontanea. 
See ainhum. 

dactylomegaly (dak-til-o-meg'-al-e) [dactyl; fteyas, 
large]. A condition in which one or more of the 
fingers or toes is abnormally large. 

dactyloscopy (dak-til-os'-ko-pe) [dactyl; oKoiceiv, to 
examine]. Examination of finger prints, employed 
as a means of identification. 



DACTYLOSE 



274 



DARTROUS 



dactylose, dactylous (dak'-til-6s, -us). See dacty- 
late. 

dactylospasm (dak-til-o-spazm') [dactyl; <nra<rnos, a 
spasm]. Spasm of a digit. 

dactylosymphysis (dak-til-o-sim'-fis-is) [dactyl; <xw, 
together, <f>\jeu>, to grow]. Syndactylism. 

dactylotheca (dak-til-o-the'-kah) [dactyl; drjKtj, a 
case]. See finger-cot. 

dadyl (dad'-il). Balnchet and Sell's name for a 
camphene produced by the action of lime on artificial 
camphor. 

dsemonomania (de-mo-no-ma' -ne-ah). See demono- 
mania. 

Dsemonorops (de-mon'-o-rops) [Salfiuv, a devil; 
po>^, a shrub]. A genus of plants of the order 
Palmce. The inspissated juice of D. draco, a palm 
of Malaya, constitutes the finest dragon's-blood. 
D. grandis, same habitat as D. draco, affords a variety 
of dragon's-blood. 

Daffy's elixir [Thomas Daffy, Englishman, 1680- 
]. A compound aromatic tincture of senna. 

dahlia (dahl'-ya) [Dahl, a Swedish botanist]. A 
genus of composite plants. The roots of several 
species are edible, diuretic, diaphoretic, and carmi- 
native, and furnish a purple coloring-matter. The 
bulbs of D. variabilis, a Mexican species, yield white 
inulin. d.-paper, a purple test-paper made from 
several species of dahlia; acids change its color to 
red and alkalies to green, d.- violet. See pyoktanin, 
blue. 

dahlin (dah'-lin). 1. An anilin dye obtained by 
the action of ethyl iodide on mauvein. It gives a 
reddish-purple color. 2. A form of inulin obtained 
from the roots of Inula helenium. See inulin. Syn., 
allantin; menyanthin; sinistrin; syantherin. 

dakryon (dak'-re-on). See dacryon. 

dakryops (dak' -re-ops). Same as dacryops. 

Dalbergia (dal-bur'-je-ah). A genus of tropical 
leguminous, papilionaceous plants. D. sissoo is a 
species of India and Afghanistan. The raspings of 
the wood are employed as an alterative. D. sym- 
pathetica is a tree of the East Indies. An infusion of 
the bark is administered in dyspepsia; the leaves are 
applied externally in leprosy and other cutaneous 
diseases, and internally as an alterative. The seeds 
yield an oil used in rheumatism, and the milky juice 
of the root is applied to ulcers. 

Dalby's carminative. An old empirical carminative 
and mildly opiate mixture, answering nearly to the 
mistura carminativa of the National Formulary. It 
contains about two and a half minims of tincture of 
opium to the fiuidounce. 

Dallas' operation (dal'-as). For radical cure of 
inguinal and femoral hernia; after a transverse 
incision through the integument a special instrument 
is introduced to produce abrasion of the hernial 
canal; the instrument is then withdrawn, and the 
external wound sealed with iodoform collodion and a 
compress applied. The canal is obliterated by the 
resulting inflammatory action. 

Dalrymple's sign [John Dalrymple, Scotch ophthal- 
mologist, 1804-1852], See Stellwag's sign. 

Dalton's law, Dalton-Henry's law [John Dalton, 
English physicist and chemist, 1 766-1 844; Joseph 
Henry, American physicist, 1797-1878]. Although 
the volume of a gas absorbed by a liquid remains 
constant, the weight (volume multiplied by the 
density) of the absorbed gas rises and falls in pro- 
portion to its pressure. 

Daltonian (dal-ton'-e-an). 1. Pertaining to John 
Dalton. 2. A color-blind person. 

daltonism (dal'ton-izm). Color-blindness. 

dam. See rubber-dam. 

damar, damaria (dam'-ar, dam-a'-re-ah). See 
dammar. 

damiana (dam-e-an'-ah). The leaves of Turner a 
aphrodisiaca, found in Mexico and lower California; 
a stimulant tonic and aphrodisiac. It is the basis 
of a great number of quack remedies. Dose of the 
extract 2-10 gr. (0.13-0.65 Gm.); of the fiuidextract 
10 min.-i dr. (0.65-4.0 Co); of the leaves 1 oz. 
(3 Co) daily. 

dammar (dam' -or) [Hind., damar, resin]. A gum 
or resin produced by various species of dammara and 
other trees. Syn., damar; dammaria; resina damar a. 
d., true, is obtained from the Dammara orientalis, a 
coniferous tree indigenous in the East Indies, and 
also from Dammara australis, in New Zealand. 
d.- varnish, a mounting medium used in microscopy; 
it is made by adding 10 parts of white dammar to 



20 parts of benzene, decanting after 24 to 48 hours, 
and adding 4 parts of pure oil of turpentine. 

dammaran (dam'-ar-an). A neutral resin obtained 
from dammar. 

dammar in (dam'-ar-in). A resin extracted from 
dammar. 

Damoiseau's curve (dam-wah-zo') [Louis Hyacinthe 
Celeste Damoiseau, French physician, 19th century]. 
See Ellis' sign. 

damper (damp'-er) [ME., dampen, to choke]. 
1. A shutter placed in a flue to control draft. 2. A 
device attached to a galvanometer to control the 
secondary currents. 

Dana's operation (da'-ner) [Charles Loomis Dana, 
American neurologist, 1852- ]. Resection of the 
posterior spinal nerve roots for spastic paralysis and 
other conditions. 

Dance's sign [Jean Baptiste Hippolyte Dance, 
French physician, 1797-1832]. A depression about 
the right flank or iliac fossa, regarded by Dance as 
indicating invagination of the cecum. 

dance, St. Vitus'. See chorea. 

dancing disease. See tarantism. 

dancing mania. See choromania. 

dandelion (dan'-de-li-on). See taraxacum. 

dandruff (dan'-druf) [origin unknown]. The 
scurf or scales formed upon the scalp in seborrhea. 

dandy fever (dan' -de). See dengue. 

dangerous area of scalp (dan'-jer-us). The space 
between the aponeurosis of the occipitofrontalis and 
the pericranium. 

Daniell (dan'-yel) [John Frederic Daniell, English 
physicist, 1790-1845]. A unit of electrical measure- 
men^ equal to 1.124 volts. D. cell, positive element, 
zinc; negative element, copper; exciting agent, zinc 
sulphate; depolarizing agent, cupric sulphate; E. M. 
F., 1.0-1.14 volts. 

Danielssen's disease (dan'-e-el-sen) [Daniel Cor- 
nelius Danielssen, Norwegian physician, 1815-1894]. 
Anesthetic leprosy. 

dansomania (dan-so-ma' -ne-ah). See choromania. 

danta (dan'-tah) [Sp.]. The American tapir, 
Tapirus americanus; the powdered hoofs are em- 
ployed as a sudorific and as a remedy for epilepsy. 

Danysz bacillus (dan' -is). A bacillus which is 
probably the Bacillus typhi murium. D.'s phe- 
nomenon, when toxin is added to antitoxin in two 
fractions, a considerable time being allowed to 
elapse between the additions, the final mixture is 
more toxic than when the total amount is added all 
at once. 

Daphne (daf'-ne). See mezereon. 

daphnetin (daf -net-in) [daphne], C9H6O4+H2O. 
A substance obtained by the decomposition of the 
glucoside daphnin. It crystallizes in yellow needles 
or prisms, melting at 255 C. 

daphnin (daf'-nin) [Sa<t>vrj, laurel], Ci5Hi60»+2H20. 
A glucoside from the bark of several species of 
daphne. 

daphnism (daf'-nizm). Poisoning by Daphne 
mezereum, or allied plants. It produces a hemor- 
rhagic gastroenteritis with delirium and collapse. 

D'Arcet's metal (dar'-sa). An alloy employed for 
filling teeth and in the making of dental plates. It 
consists of bismuth, 8 parts; lead, 5 parts; and tin, 
3 parts. It fuses at 212 F. 

Darier's disease (dar-e-a') [F. J. Darier, French 
physician, 1856- ]. Psorospermose f olliculaire ; 
keratosis follicularis. 

Darkschewitsch's fibers (dark'-she-vitsh) [Livorius 
Darkschewitsch, Russian neurologist, 1858- ]. A 
tract of nerve-fibers extending from the optic tract 
to the ganglion of the habenula. D.'s nucleus, a 
nucleus situated on each side of the median line in 
the gray matter near the junction of the Sylvian 
aqueduct with the third ventricle. 

d'Arsonvalization (dar-son-val-iz-a'-shun). See Ar- 
sonvalization. 

dartoic, dartoid (dar-to'-ik, dar'-toid) [dartos; 
clSos, likeness]. Resembling or consisting of the 
dartos; having slow, involuntary contractions, like 
the dartos. 

dartos (dar'-tos) [Sapros, flayed]. The contractile 
musculofibrous layer beneath the skin of the scrotum. 
d. muliebris, a similar structure under the skin of 
the labia majora. 

dartre (dar'-tr) [Ft.]. Any herpetic or other 
chronic skin-disease; a term vaguely used in French 
and the older English medical literature. 

dartrous (dar'-trus) [Ft., dartre]. Of the nature of 



DARWIN'S EAR 



275 



DEAQUATION 



tetter or herpes; herpetic, d. diathesis, the predis- 
position to chronic skin diseases. 

Darwin's ear [Charles Robert Darwin, English 
naturalist, 1809-1882]. A congenital deformity of 
the ear in which the helix is absent at the upper 
outer angle of the ear so that the free border forms a 
sharp point upward and outward. In another form 
a blunt point {Darwin's tubercle) projects from the 
upper portion of the helix toward the center of the 
ear. 

darwinism (dar'-win-izm) [Darwin]. The doctrine 
that higher organisms have been developed from lower 
forms by the influence of natural selection. 

date-disease. See Aleppo boil, d.-fever. Syn- 
onym of dengue. 

datum-plane (da' -turn-plan). An assumed hori- 
zontal plane from which the measurements in 
craniometry are taken. 

Datura (da-tu'-rah) [Hind., dhatura, a certain 
plant]. A genus of Solanacece, or nightshade family. 
D. arbor ea is a South American species; the leaves are 
used as an emollient. D. ceratocaula is indigenous 
to tropical America; its properties are similar to 
those of D. stramonium. D. fastuosa is found 
throughout the tropics of the old world. The root 
is administered by Mohammedan physicians in 
epilepsy. The fruit, seeds, and leaves are used in 
poultices for boils, carbuncles, and in the treatment 
of herpetic diseases. A tincture and decoction are 
given as a remedy for asthma. The plant is poison- 
ous and soporific, and is used in India as an intoxicant, 
and by professional poisoners for killing newborn 
female infants. Cf. Dhatureas. D. metel possesses 
qualities similar to D. fastuosa. D. sanguinea is a 
South American species, the floripondio of Peru, 
from the seeds of which an intoxicating beverage 
called tonga is prepared. Taken alone and in large 
doses it produces furious delirium, but diluted is a 
soporific. The seeds are used in the preparation of 
an ointment. D. stramonium is the thorn-apple. 
See stramonium. 

daturine (dat'-u-ren or da-tu'-ren) [see Datura], 
C17H23NO3. A poisonous alkaloid from Datura stra- 
monium, identical with hyoscyamine and isomeric 
with atropine. It is employed in the treatment of 
mania, epilepsy, neuralgia, rheumatism, syphilis, 
cancer, pains, spasms, asthma, and as a hypnotic in 
insanity. Dose ^15— iz gr- (0.0003-0.001 Gm.). 
Treatment in case of poisoning: emetics, stomach- 
pump, castor-oil. d. hydrochloride, C17H23NO3HCI. 
Uses and dose same as of daturine. d., light, 
hyoscyamine, obtained by Ladenburg from Datura 
stramonium, d. sulphate, (Ci7H23N03)2H2SO*. Uses 
and dose same as of daturine. 

daturism (dat'-u-rizm) [see Datura]. Stramonium- 
poisoning. 

Daubenton's angle (do-ban-ton(g)) [Louis Jean 
Marie Daubenton, French physician, 1716-1799]. 
Occipital angle, in craniometry, -that formed by the 
intersection of the basicranial axis and the plane of 
the occipital foramen. D.'s line, a line joining the 
opisthion and the projection of the lower border of 
the orbit. D.'s plane, in craniometry, that passing 
through the opisthion and the inferior borders of the 
orbits. 

dauciform (daw' -si-form). See daucoid. 

daucoid (daw'-koid) [SavKov, the carrot; eZSos, 
likeness]. Resembling a carrot; dauciform. 

Daucus (daw'-kus) [Samov, the carrot]. A genus 
of plants of the order Umbelliferce. D. carota, the 
carrot, is a cultivated biennial indigenous to Europe 
and the Orient. The root contains sugar, starch, 
pectin, malic acid, albumin, a volatile oil, and a crys- 
talline coloring-matter (carotin). It is a stimulant 
when applied to indolent ulcers, and is fed to horses 
to render the coat glossy. The aromatic seeds 
(fruit) are diuretic and are used in dropsy and 
nephritic complaints. D. gingidium, a. species 
indigenous to Europe and northern Africa, yields a 
gum-resin, bdellium siculum. 

daughter (daw'-ter). A female child or descendant. 
d.-cell. See cell, daughter-, d.-cyst. See cyst, 
daughter-, d.-nuclei. See karyokinesis. d.-star, an 
amphiaster. See karyokinesis. 

Davainea madagascariensis (da-va'-ne-ah) [Casimir 
Joseph Ddvaine, French physician, 1812-1882]. A 
tapeworm occurring in man, found in Madagascar 
and elsewhere. 

Davidsohn's sign (da'-vid-son) [Hermann David- 
sohn, German physician, 1842- ]. The illumina- 



tion of the pupil obtained on placing an electric light 
in the mouth will be less marked on the side on 
which there is a tumor or empyema of the antrum 
of Highmore. 

Davy's lever (da'-ve) [Richard Davy, English 
surgeon, 1838- ]. A wooden sound which is 
inserted into the rectum for the purpose of making 
pressure on one of the iliac arteries; it is used to 
arrest hemorrhage. 

Davy's test for phenol. To 1 or 2 drops of the 
phenol solution add 3 or 4 drops of a solution of 1 
part molybdic acid in 10 or more parts of concen- 
trated sulphuric acid. A pale yellowish-brown color- 
ation is produced, which passes to reddish-brown 
and then to a beautiful purple. 

day-blindness. See nyctalopia and hemeralopia. 

daymare (da' -mar). A state of temporary distress 
and terror, resembling nightmare, but coming on 
when the patient is awake. It is thought to be 
due to a diseased state of the blood-vessels of the 
brain. 

day-nursery. See creche. 

daysight (da'-sit). See hemeralopia. 

D.D.S. Abbreviation for Doctor of Dental Surgery. 

de- [de, from, away]. A prefix denoting down, 
away from, occasionally it has an intensive meaning. 

deacidification (de-as-id-if-ik-a'-shun). The act or 
process of neutralizing an acid. 

deactivation (de-ak-tiv-a'-shun). 1. The process 
of becoming inactive or of making inactive. 2. Loss 
of radioactivity. 

dead (ded). 1. Without life; destitute of life. 
2. Numb, d.-born, still-born. d. finger. See spha- 
celoderma and night-palsy, d.-house, a morgue; an 
apartment in a public institution for keeping dead 
bodies, d. nettle. See lamium. d. space, a cavity 
left after the closure of a wound, d. voice, a voice 
without nasal resonance; the so-called nasal voice. 

deadly (ded'-le). Capable of causing death; fatal; 
mortal, d. nightshade. See atropa, and belladonna. 

deaf (def) [AS., deaf]. Lacking the sense of hear- 
ing; in a condition of impaired hearing, d. fields, 
two small triangular planes, converging toward the 
external auditory meatus, and in which the vibrating 
tuning-fork is not heard, d.-mutism, the state of 
being both deaf and dumb; the deafness may be 
congenital or acquired, and prevent the individual 
from learning to speak, d.-mutism, hysterical, a 
condition of deaf-mutism of sudden development, 
due to hysteria, d.-points, some points near the 
ear in which a vibrating tuning-fork cannot be heard. 

deafness (def'-nes) [deaf]. The state of being deaf. 
Deafness may be due to disease of the external 
auditory canal, the middle ear, the internal ear, 
the auditory nerve, or the brain, d., bass, difficulty 
in hearing low tones, d., boilermakers', deafness 
resulting from working among machinery, and 
characterized by inability to hear ordinary conver- 
sation, while hearing power is increased amid loud 
noise, d., cerebral, that due to a brain-lesion, d., 
cortical, that due to disease of the cortical centers for 
hearing, d., mind, d., psychic, inability to recognize 
or understand the sounds heard, due to destruction 
of the central area of the auditory center, d., 
paradoxic. See Willis's paracusis, d., speech-, a 
variety of psychic deafness resembling word-deaf- 
ness, except that the faculty of repeating and writing 
after dictation is not lost, d., tone. See tone, d., 
word-. See d., psychic. 

dealbate (de-al'-bat) [dealbatus, whitwashed]. In 
biology, coated with a fine white down or powder. 

dealbation (de-al-ba'-shun) [see dealbate]. The 
process or act of becoming or being made white, as 
by bleaching. 

dealcoholization (de-al-ko-hol-i-za'-shun). The re- 
moval of alcohol from an object or compound used 
in microscopic technic. d.-agent, a liquid employed 
for the purpose of getting rid of the alcohol in pre- 
served specimens, and to facilitate the penetration 
of paraffin in microtomy. 

deambulation (de-am-bu-la' -shun) [deambulare, to 
take a walk]. Gentle exercise as by walking. 

deamidation (de-am-id-a'-shun) [de-; amide]. The 
conversion of amido-acids into oxyacids. 

deammoniated (de-am-o' -ne-a-ted) [de, from; am- 
monium]. Deprived of ammonia. 

deanesthesiant (de-an-es-the' -ze-ant) [de, from; 
anesthesia]. A means for arousing the system from 
a state of anesthesia. 

deaquation (de-ak-wa'-shun) [de, from; aqua, 



DEARGENTATION 



276 



DECIPARA 



water]. The act or process of removing water from a 
substance. 

deargentation (de-ar-jen-ta'-shun) [deargentare, to 
plate with silver]. The act or process of silvering. 

dearterialization (de-ar-te-re-al-i-za'-shun) [de, from; 
arteridlization]. The transformation of the blood 
from the arterial to the venous state. Cf. atmospher- 
ization. 

dearticulation (de-ar-tik-u-la'-shun). See diarthro- 
sis, disarticulation, dislocation. 

death (deth) [AS., death]. The cessation of life. 
d., binsical, death preceded by mania, d., black, 
an exceedingly fatal epidemic called the "plague," 
which occurred in Europe during the fourteenth cen- 
tury, and during which it is estimated, 20,000,000 
persons died, d., local, death of a part, d., molar, 
necrosis, gangrene, d., molecular, death of indi- 
vidual cells; ulceration, d., muscular, a state of the 
muscles in which they no longer react to stimuli. 
d.-rate, the annual mortality per 1000. d.-rattle, 
the gurgling sound heard in the throat of a dying 
person, d., somatic, death of the organism as a 
whole. 

deauration (de-aw-ra'-shun) [deaurare, to gild]. 
The act or process of gilding. 

debilitant (de-bil' -it-ant) [debilitare, to weaken]. 
1. An agent allaying excitement. 2. Weakening. 

debility (de-biV-it-e). See asthenia, d., nervous. 
See neurasthenia. 

Debove's disease (de-boov') [Maurice Georges 
Debove, French physician, 1845- ]. Spleno- 
megaly. D.'s membrane, the basement membrane 
of the the mucosa of the trachea, bronchi, and in- 
testinal tract. 

debridement (da-bred-mon(g)) [Fr.]. The enlarge- 
ment of a wound or hernia in operating; the slitting 
of any constricting tissue or band. 

deca- (dek-a-) [bkua, ten]. Ten; prefixed to the 
units of weight, capacity, and length in the metric 
system, it signifies a measure ten times as large as 
the unit. See metric system. 

decagram (dek'-a-gram) [5ka, ten; gram]. Ten 
grams or 154-32349 grains, 0.353 ounce avoirdupois, 
or 0.3215 ounce troy. See metric system. 

decalcification (de-kal-sif-ik'-a-shun) [de, priv.; 
calx, lime; facer e, to make]. The withdrawal of the 
lime-salts of bone. 

decalcify (de-kal'-sif-i) [see decalcification]. To 
remove lime-salts from tissues. 

decalcifying fluid (de-kal'-sif-i-ing flu-id). A solu- 
tion used for the purpose of depriving tissue of its 
calcium salts. Chromic acid 1 gram, water 200 c.c, 
then add 2 c.c. nitric acid, — is recommended. 

decaliter, decalitre (dek-a-le'-ter) [dena, ten; liter]. 
Ten liters, or i\ imperial gallons, or 2.64 U. S. 
gallons. See metric system. 

decalvant (de-kal'-vant) [decalvare, to make bald]. 
Destroying hair. 

decameter, decametre (dek'-a-me-ter) [Sena, ten; 
meter]. Ten meters or 393-7 English inches, or 32.8 
feet. See metric system. 

decane (dek'-an) [Saca, ten], C10H22. A hydro- 
carbon of the paraffin series. 

decantation (de-kan-ta'-shun) [de, down; cantus, a 
side]. The operation of removing the supernatant 
fluid from a sediment. 

decapitation (de-kap-it-a'-shun) [de, from; caput, 
head]. The act of beheading, especially as per- 
formed on the fetus when other means of delivery 
have failed. 

decapitator (de-kap'-it-a-tor) [de, from; caput, head]. 

An instrument used in performing decapitation. 

decapsulation (de-kap-su-la'-shun). Removal of a 
capsule; especially removal of the capsule of the 
kidney. 

decarbonated (de-kar'-bon-a-ted). Deprived of 
carbon dioxide. 

decarbonization, decarburation, decarburization 
(de-kar-bon-i-za'-shun, de-kar-bu-ra'-shun, de-kar-bu- 
ri-za'-shun). The act or process of freeing a sub- 
stance from carbon. 

decay (de-ka') [de, down; cadere, to fall]. 1. Putre- 
factive change. 2. The ultimate katabolic state; 
decline of life, of health, or of one or more functions. 

decemcostate (de-sem-kos'-tat) [decern, ten; costa, 
a rib]. Having ten ribs. 

decemfid (de'-sem-fid) [decern; findere, to divide]. 
Cut into ten parts. 

decemipara (de-sem-ip'-ar-ah) [decern; par ere, to 
bring forth]. A woman pregnant for the tenth time. 



decentered (de-senf -erd) [de, from; center]. Out 
of common center; said of lenses as to focus, or of 
masses as to equilibrium, etc. 

decentration (de-sen-tra'-shun) [see decentered]. 
Removal from a center. 

decerebrated (de-ser'-e-bra-ted). Decerebrized. 

decerebrize ide-ser' -e-brlz) [de, from; cerebrum]. 
To remove the brain, as of a frog, in physiological 
experiments; decerebrate. 

dechloridation (de-klo-rid-a'-shun). The removal 
of salt from the diet with the object of reducing the 
quantity of chlorides in the body tissues and fluids. 

dechloruration (de-klor-u-ra'-shun). The producing 
of decreased excretion of chlorides in the urine by 
means of dechloridation. 

deci- (des-e-) [decern, ten]. A prefix which, joined 
to the metric units of length, capacity, and weight, 
signifies a measure one-tenth as large as the unit. 
See metric system. 

decidua (de-sid' -u-ah) [deciduus, falling off]. The 
mucous membrane which lines the uterus and 
surrounds the ovum during pregnancy. Syn., 
decidua membrana; decidua tunica, d. basalis. Same 
as d. serotina. d., catamenial. See d., menstrual. 
d., epichorial. See d. reflexa. d. graviditatis, the 
menstrual decidua during pregnancy, d., inter- 
uteroplacental. See d. serotina. d. membrana. 
See decidua. d., menstrual, the outer layer of 
the uterine mucosa which is shed during menstru- 
ation. In membranous dysmenorrhea it is discharged 
in pieces before disintegration. Syn., catamenial 
decidua. d. placentalis subchorialis, the layer of 
the maternal placenta lying next the chorion. Syn. 
decidua subchorialis. d. reflexa, that part of the 
decidua growing about the ovum and inclosing it as a 
sac. d. serotina, that part of the decidua vera upon 
which the ovum lies, and from which the placenta is 
subsequently formed, d. serotina, glandular. See 
d. serotina, uterine, d. serotina, placental, that 
portion of decidua serotina which is in contact with 
the parts of cotyledons of the placenta, as dis- 
tinguished from the uterine decidua serotina. d. 
serotina, uterine, the outer layer of the decidua 
serotina; the glandular decidua serotina. d. sub- 
chorialis. See d. placentalis subchorialis. d. tuber- 
osa et polyposa, a form of decidual endometritis 
characterized by a roughened condition and polypoid 
growths of the uterine mucosa, d. vera, the thick- 
ened, vascular, spongy mucous membrane of the 
gravid uterus. 

decidual (de-sid'-u-al). Belonging to the decidua. 
d. cells, a proliferation of young connective-tissue 
cells above the uterine glands, taking place after the 
ovum is impregnated, and producing an hypertrophy 
of the mucous membrane of the uterus, d. endo- 
metritis, see endometritis. 

deciduation (de-sid-u-a'-shun). The act or process 
of dropping off or shedding. 

deciduitis (de-sid-u-i'-tis). Inflammation of the 
decidual membranes of the gravid uterus. 

deciduoma (de-sid-u-o'-mah) [decidua; 5pa, a 
tumor: pi., deciduomata.] An intrauterine tumor 
containing decidual relics, and believed to arise from 
some hyperplasia of a retained portion of the decidua. 
By some it is considered a sarcoma, d. malignum, 
a variety of uterine sarcoma first described by Saenger, 
which in its microscopic characters strongly resembles 
decidual tissues. Syn., choroioepithelioma malignum; 
sarcoma deciduocellulare ; syncytioma malignum. 

deciduosarcoma (fle-sid-u-o-sar-ko'-mah). See de- 
ciduoma malignum. 

deciduous (de-sid' -u-us) [de, away from; cadere, to 
fall]. Falling off. d. teeth, the temporary teeth or 
milk-teeth. 

decigram (des'-e-gram) [decimus, tenth; gram]. 
One-tenth of a gram or 1.54 grains troy. See metric 
system. 

decilan ides' -il-an). A solution of formaldehyde 
and potassium oleate; used as an antiseptic and 
disinfectant. 

deciliter (des'-e-le-ter) [decimus, tenth; liter]. One- 
tenth of a liter, or 3.52 English fluidounces or 3.3s 
U. S. fluidounces. See metric system. 

decimeter (des'-e-me-ter) [decimus, tenth; meter]. 
One-tenth of a meter, or 3-937 inches. See metric 
system. 

decinormal (des-e-nor'-mal) [deci-; norma, normal]. 
Having one-tenth the strength of the normal. 

decipara (de-sip' '-ar-ah) [decern, ten; par ere, to 
bring forth]. A woman pregnant for the tenth time. 



DECLINATION 



277 



DEFINING POWER 



declination {dek-lin-a' -shun) [decline]. The dip of 
the magnetic needle. 

declinator (dek'-lin-a-tor) [decline]. An instrument 
for holding the dura apart during trephining. 

decline {de-klin') [declinare, to bend], i. A 
gradual decrease, as of a fever. 2. A wasting away 
of the bodily strength. 3. A popular term for 
pulmonary tuberculosis. 

declive {de-kliv') [declivis, sloping]. 1. A lower 
or descending part. 2. See declivis cerebelli. 

declivis cerebelli {de-kli'-vis ser-e-bel'-i) [L.]. 
The sloping posterior aspect of the monticulus. 

decoction (de-kok'-shun) [decoquere, to bod down]. 
A liquid preparation obtained by boiling vegetable 
substances in water. 

decoctum {de-kok' -turn) [L.: pi., decocta]. A decoc- 
tion. 

decollation (de-kol-a'-shun). See decapitation. 

decollator {de-koV -a-tor) [decollare, to behead]. 
An instrument for fetal decapitation. 

decolorant {de-kul'-or-ant) [de, priv. ; color]. An 
agent for the altering or removal of color. 

decoloration {de-kul-or-a'-shun) [decolorare, to 
deprive of color]. Removal of color. 

decolorize {de-kuV -or-iz) [decolorare, to deprive of 
color]. To remove the excess of coloring-matter 
from stained histological preparations, for purposes of 
differentiation. 

decombustion {de-kom-bust'-yun) . See deoxidation. 

decompensation {de-kom-pen-sa' -shun) [de, priv.; 
compensare, to compensate]. Failure of compensa- 
tion (as of the circulation or of the heart). 

decomposability (de-kom-po-za-bil'-it-e) [de, from; 
componere, to compose]. Capability of being de- 
composed. 

decompose {de-kom-poz'). 1. To cause a com- 
pound to break up into its simpler constituents. 
2. To undergo putrefaction. 

decomposition (de-kom-po-zish'-un) [decomponere, 
to decompose]. 1. The separation of the component 
principles of a body. 2. Putrefactive fermentation. 

decompression {de-kom-presh'-un). The removal 
of compression or pressure, d. injury, injury from 
the effects of a sudden vacuum. See caisson 
disease. 

decongestive {de-kon-jes'-tiv) [de, from; conger ere, 
to bring together]. Relieving congestion. 

decortication (de-kor-tik-a'-shun) [de, from; cortex, 
the bark]. 1. The stripping of the bark or husk 
of a plant. 2. The stripping off of portions of the 
cortical substance of the brain from the summits of 
the gyri. 3. Decapsulation, as of the kidney. 4. 
Removal of the cortex of any viscus. d. pulmonary, 
pleurectomy. 

decostate {de-kos'-tat) [de, from; costa, a rib]. 
Without ribs. 

decrement (dek'-re-ment). See decline. 

decrepit {de-krep'-it) [decrepitus, old]. Broken 
down with age. 

decrepitation {de-krep-it-a'-shun) [decrepitare, to 
crackle]. A crackling or crepitation. 

decrepitude {de-krep'-it-ud) [decrepit]. The state 
of being decrepit; senility; the feebleness of old age. 

decrustation (de-krust-a' -shun) [de, from; crusta, 
a crust]. The detachment of a crust. 

decubital {de-ku'-bit-at). Relating to a decubitus 
or to a bed-sore. 

decubitus {de-ku' -bit-us) [decumbere, to lie down]. 
1. The recumbent or horizontal posture. 2. A 
bed-sore, d., acute, a form of bed-sore due to 
cerebral lesions, d., Andral's. See under Andral. 

decursus fibrarum cerebralium [L.]. The running 
down of the cerebral fibers. 

decurtation {de-kur-ta'-shun) [decurtare, to curtail]. 
The ablation or shortening of a structure or usual 
duration of a condition. 

decurvature {de-kurv'-a-chur) [decurvatus, bent 
back]. A descending curvature. 

decussate (de-kus'-dt) [see decussation]. To inter- 
sect; to cross. 

decussatio (de-kus-a'-she-o) [L.]. A decussation, 
or crossing, d. brachii conjunctivi, decussation of 
the brachium conjunctivum. d. fontinalis, fountain 
decussation. d. lemniscorum, decussation of the 
fillet or lemniscus, d. pontinalis (more correctly 
pontilis), in the pons, a decussation of tegmental 
fibers from the thalamus, d. pyramidum, the 
decussation of the pyramids, d. nervorum tro- 
chlearium, decussation of the trochlear nerves on 
the upper surface of the valvula. 



decussation (de-kus-a'-shun) [decussatio, a crossing]. 
A chiasma or X-shaped crossing, especially of sym- 
metrical parts, as of nerve-fibers, nerve-tracts, or 
nerve-filaments. The principal decussations are that 
of the optic nerve and that of the lateral pyramidal 
tracts in the medulla, d. of the brachium con- 
junctivum, crossing of fibers in the postgeminum 
to the opposite red nucleus, d. of the fillet, the 
crossing of afferent fibers in the medulla, d., Forel's. 
See under Forel. d., fountain, Spitzka's term for 
such a decussation of nerve-fibers as is seen in the 
cortex of the anterior quadrigeminum. d., motor. 
See d. of the pyramids, d. of the optic nerve, the 
chiasm, d., pineal, Spitzka's term for the crossing 
of certain fibers of the inner division of the reticular 
formation, d., piniform. See d. of the pyramids, 
sensory, d., pyramidal, superior, d., pyramidal, 
upper. See d. of the pyramids, sensory, d. of the 
pyramids, d., pyramidal, the oblique crossing of the 
bundles of the anterior pyramids of the oblongata 
from opposite sides of the median fissure. Syn., 
inferior decussation; motor decussation; piniform 
decussation; ventral decussation of the pyramids. 
d. of the pyramids, sensory, a crossing of certain 
fibers having their origin in the funiculi cuneati of 
the spinal cord, which occurs in the upper part of the 
oblongata, between the anterior pyramids and the 
gray floor of the fourth ventricle. Syn., decussation 
of the fillet; interolivary decussation; pyramidal 
posterior decussation, d. of the pyramids, ventral. 
See d. of the pyramids, d., sensory. 1. See d. of 
the pyramids, sensory. 2. The crossing of the outer 
bundles of the anterior pyramids of the spinal cord. 
Syn., superior decussation, d., sensory, middle, a 
crossing in the median line of certain fibers between 
the upper and lower pyramids, d., tegmental, 
of Meynert, the crossing of the fibers in the cortex 
of the anterior quadrigeminum. d., ventral. See 
d. of the pyramids. 

decussorium {de-kus-o'-re-um) [L.]. An instru- 
ment for depressing the dura after trephining. 

dedalous, daedalous (ded'-al-us) [SaidaKeos, curi- 
ously wrought]. Labyrinthiform ; intricately 
wrought. 

dedasol {ded'-as-ol). A proprietary tablet con- 
taining digitalis. 

dedentition {de-den-tish'-un) [de, down; dens, a 
tooth]. The shedding of the teeth. 

dedolation {ded-o-W -shun) [dedolatio, a hewing off]. 
A cutting off obliquely. 

deemetinize {de-em' -et-in-lz). To deprive ipeca- 
cuanha of its emetic principle, emetin. 

deep {dip). Not superficial, d. reflexes. See 
under reflex, d. water, water obtained from a porous 
layer beneath the first impervious stratum. 

defatigatio {de-fat-ig-a' -she-o) [L.]. Over-fatigue; 
overstrain, as of the heart-muscle, d. mentis, brain-fag. 

defecation {def-ek-a' -shun) [defcecare, to separate 
from the dregs]. 1. The evacuation of the bowels. 
2. Clarification, as of wine. Cf. decantation. 

defect {de-fect') [defectus, a failure]. A lack or 
failure; absence of any part or organ; absence or 
failure of a normal function. 

defemination {de-fem-in-a'-shun). The loss or di- 
minution of female characteristics, with the assump- 
tion of male characteristics by a woman. 

defensive protein {de-fen' -siv) . A globulin normally 
present in the animal body, possessing germicidal 
functions. 

deferent {def'-er-ent) [deferens, carrying away]. 
Carrying away or down; efferent. See vas. 

deferentectomy {def-er-ent-ek'-to-me) . Excision 
of the vas deferens. 

deferential {def-er-en' -shal) . Pertaining to the vas 
deferens. 

deferentiovesical {def-er-en-she-o-ves'-ik-al) . Per- 
taining to both the vas deferens and the bladder. 

deferentitis {def-er-en-li'-tis) [deferens; ins, in- 
flammation]. Inflammation of the vas deferens. 

deferred shock. The late onset of the symptoms 
of shock. 

defervescence {de-fer-ves'-ens) [defervescere, to 
cease boiling]. Disappearance of fever. 

defibrillation {de-fi-bril-a' -shun) [de, from; fibrilla, 
a small fiber]. The tearing of the brain-substance 
in the direction of the least resistance, in order to 
make cleavage-preparations. 

defibrination {de-fi-brin-a'-shun) [de, from; fibra, 
a fiber]. The removal of fibrin from blood or lymph. 

defining power {de-fi'-ning). See definition. 



DEFINITION 



278 



DEHYPNOTIZATION 



definition (def-in-ish'-un) [definire, to bound by 
limits]. In optics, the power of a magnifying lens to 
show clear outlines of the object examined, free from 
aberration or distortion. 

definitive (de-fin' -it-iv). Limiting the extent; final. 

deflagration (def-lag-ra'-shun) [deflagrare, to be 
consumed]. A sudden, violent combustion, such as 
accompanies the oxidation of certain inorganic 
substances by mixing them with an easily decom- 
posing salt, such as the alkaline chlorates and nitrates. 

deflagrator (def-la-gra'-tor) [see deflagration]. An 
apparatus for producing very rapid combustion. 

deflect (de-flekf) [defledere, to bend away]. To 
turn or bend from a straight course. 

defloration (def-lo-ra'-shun) [de, from; flos, a 
flower]. On the part of the female, the first sexual 
connection. The loss of those marks or features that 
indicate virginity. 

defluvium capillorum (de-flu' -ve-um kap-il-or'-um). 
Alopecia. 

defluxion (de-fluk'-shuri) [de, down; fluere, to 
flow]. I. A discharge. 2. A catarrh; a descent of 
the humors or secretions. 3. A rapid falling, as of 
the hair or eyebrows. 

deformation (de-for-ma'-shun) [deformare, to de- 
form]. The process of disfigurement, d., Sprengel's. 
See under Sprengel. d., Volkmann's. See under 
Volkmann. 

deforming (de-form' -ing). Disfiguring, d. arthri- 
tis. See arthritis deformans, d. ostitis. See ostitis. 

deformity (de-for'-mit-e). Abnormal shape or 
structure of a body or part, d., anterior. See 
lordosis. 

def unctionalization (de-funk-shun-al-iz-a'-shun) . 
The act of destroying a function. 

defurfuratiott (de-fur -fur -a' -shun) [de, from; furfur, 
bran]. Desquamation. 

defuselation (de-fu-sel-a'-shun). The removal of 
fusel oil from spirits. 

defusion (de-fu'-zhun). See decantation. 

deganglionate (de-gan' -gle-on-at) . To remove a 
ganglion or ganglia. 

degenerate (de-jen'-er-dt) [see degeneration]. 1. To 
revert to a lower type. 2. An individual who has 
reverted to a lower type. 

degeneration (de-jen-er-a'-shun) [degenerare, to 
become base]. 1. A morbid process consisting in 
the conversion of the elements of a tissue into some 
inert substance. 2. A term indicating imperfect or 
abnormal development of the psychic faculties. 
Syn., degenerescence. d., Abercrombie's, amyloid 
degeneration, d., albuminoid, a cloudy and granular 
swelling of the cell protoplasm, d., albuminous, 
albuminous infiltration, d., amyloid, characterized 
by the formation of an albuminous substance, re- 
sembling starch in its chemical reaction, d., ascend- 
ing, a trophic degeneration of nerve-fibers or tracts 
progressing from the site of the original lesion toward 
the cerebrum, d., bacony. Same as d., amyloid. 
d., calcareous. See infiltration, calcareous. d., 
cellulose. See amyloid degeneration, d., cheesy. 
See caseation, d., chitinous. See amyloid degenera- 
tion, d., colloid, the change of the protoplasm of 
epithelial cells into a substance that resembles mucus, 
but is not precipitated by alcohol or acetic acid. 
d., cystic, degeneration with cyst-formation, d., 
cystoid, of the retina, round or oval cystoid spaces 
surrounded by hypertrophied radial fibers found in 
the retina at all ages, as described by Iwanoff. 
d., descending, a degeneration of nerve-fibers or 
tracts extending peripherally from the original lesion. 
d., earthy. See calcification and infiltration, cal- 
careous, d., fascicular, that form of atrophy of 
paralyzed muscles following pathological change in 
the motor ganglion-cells of the central tube of the 
gray matter of the spinal cord or their efferent fibers. 
d., fatty, a change of the proteids of the tissues into 
fat. d., fibrofatty, of the placenta, an association of 
fatty degeneration of the placenta with fibromatous 
degeneration of the chorionic villi and of the decidua 
serotina. d., fibroid, a change into fibrous tissue. 
d., fibrous, of the heart, hyperplasia of the cardiac 
connective tissue accompanying chronic interstitial 
inflammation, d., gelatiniform. See d., colloid. 
d., granular, parenchymatous degeneration distin- 
guished by a deposit of albuminoid particles, d., 
gray, in nervous tissue, a gray degeneration due to 
chronic inflammation, d., hyaline, a degeneration 
affecting particularly the connective tissue of the 
walls of blood-vessels, and giving rise to a substance 



resembling amyloid material, but lacking its reac- 
tions. See amyloid degeneration, d., hyaloid. See 
amyloid degeneration. d., hydrocarbonaceous, 
Paschutin's term for a special degeneration peculiar 
to diabetes. Syn., Paschutin's degeneration, d., 
lardaceous. Same as d., amyloid, d., liquefactive, 
a process resembling fatty degeneration, accom- 
panying fibrinous exudations, d., mineral. See 
calcification, d., mucoid, the degeneration of tissue 
into a jelly-like, transparent substance containing 
mucin, d., myelin, a process sometimes occurring 
in chronic pneumonia in which there is a formation of 
myelin coincident with fatty degeneration in the 
pulmonary alyeoli. d., myxomatous. See d., mu- 
coid, d., parenchymatous. See cloudy swelling. 
d., parenchymatous, of the kidney, a degeneration of 
the parenchyma of the kidney following the acute 
nephritis of pregnancy, diphtheria, or an acute 
attack of fever. It is accompanied by 10 to 25 % 
of albumin in the urine, which remains of normal 
quantity. d. ? Paschutin's. See d., hydrocarbon- 
aceous. d., pigmentary, d., pigment, a pigmentation 
of the muscles accompanying the atrophy due to 
cachexia, insufficient food, or the marasmus of old 
age. d., putrid. See hospital gangrene, d., reac- 
tion of. See reaction of degeneration, d., secondary. 
See Wallerian degeneration, d., signs of, physical 
imperfections, such as asymmetry of corresponding 
parts, adherent lobules of the ear, stammering, 
supernumerary or deficient digits, etc., observed in 
persons presenting psychic degeneration, d., the- 
roid, in psychiatry, the lowering or approximation 
of the human mental faculties and instincts to those 
of the lower animal, d., trabecular, a degeneration 
of the bronchial wall in which there is a hypertrophy 
of the elastic and inelastic tissues of the fibrous 
sheath of the bronchus and its cartilages, d., uratic, 
the deposition of uric acid and the urates in the 
tissues, d., Virchow's. See amyloid degeneration. 
d., vitreous. See albuminoid disease and amyloid 
degeneration, d., Wallerian. See under Wallerian. 
d., waxy. Same as d., amyloid. ^ 

degenerative (de-jen'-er-a-tiv). Of or pertaining 
to degeneration. 

deglabration (deg-la-bra'-shun) [deglabrare, to 
make smooth]. The process of becoming bald. 

deglutible (de-gloot'-ibl) [deglutitio, a swallowing]. 
Capable of swallowing, or of being swallowed. 

deglutitio impedita (de-gloo-tish'-e-o im-ped-i'-tah). 
Synonym of dysphagia. 

deglutition ~(deg-loo-tish'-un) [deglutitio, a swallow- 
ing]. The act of swallowing. 

deglutitive (deg-loo'-tit-iv). Relating to deglutition. 

degote (de-gof) [Russ.]. Oil of white birch. 

degradation (deg-rad-a'-shun) [degradatio, a descent 
by steps]. Gradual physiological and histological 
change for the worse; degeneration; retrograde 
metamorphosis. 

degrease (de-gres') [Fr. digraisser]. To remove 
fat, as from bones in the preparation of skeletons. 

degreasing (de-gres' -ing) [Fr., digraisser]. Remov- 
ing the fat, as from bones. 

degree (de-gre') [de, from; gradus, a step]. 1. Posi- 
tion in a graded series; quality. 2. The units or 
intervals of thermometric or other scales. Also, 
a title or testimonial of qualification granted by a 
university or college. 

degustation (de-gus-ta'-shun) [degustare, to taste]. 
The act of tasting. 

degut (de-gut') [Russ.]. Birch oil or tar. See 
birch. 

dehematize (de-hem' -at-iz) [de, from; al/xa, blood]. 
To deprive of blood. 

dehiscence (de-his'-ens) [de, off; hiscere, to gape 
or yawn]. The act of splitting open, d.s, Zucker- 
kandl's. See under Zuckerkandl. 

dehumanization (de-hu-man-iz-a'-shun) [de, from; 
humanus, human]. 1. The loss of the proper charac- 
teristics of humanity, either by insane persons, or 
by debased criminals. 2. The supposed loss of 
some quality pertaining to the human species; as 
in the alleged dehumanization of vaccine virus. 

dehydrate (de-hV -drat) [de, from; vdup, water]. 
To remove water from. 

dehydration (de-hi-dra'-shun) [de, away from; 
idup, water]. The removal of water 

dehydrogenize (de-hi'-dro-jen-iz). To deprive of 
hydrogen. 

dehypnotization (de-hip-no-ti-za'-shun). Waking 
from hypnotism. 



DEINTOXICATION 



279 



DEMENTIA 



deintoxication (de-in-toks-ik-a'-shun) [de, from; 
intoxication}. The process of overcoming the effects 
of toxic substances. 

deintoxification (de-in-toks-if-ik-a'-shun). See de- 
toxification. 

Deiters' cells (di'-ters) [Otto Friedrich Carl 
Deiters, German anatomist, 1834-1863]. 1. The 
branched, flattened cells of the neuroglia. 2. The 
cylindricoconical cells resting upon the basilar mem- 
brane of Corti's organ and supporting the hair-cells. 
D.'s nucleus, a large nucleus situated in the oblongata 
between the inner portion of the cerebral peduncles 
and the restiform body. D.'s phalanges, the phal- 
angeal processes of Deiters' cells in the organ of 
Corti. D.'s process, the axis-cylinder process of a 
nerve-cell; the neuraxon. 

dejecta (de-jekt'-ah) [dejicere, to throw down]. 
Intestinal evacuations; alvine discharges; fecal 
matter. Excrementitious matter in general. 

dejection (de-jek'-shun) [dejecta]. The discharge 
of fecal matter; the matter so discharged. Also a 
state of despondency. 

dejecture (de-jek'-chur) [dejecta]. Matter evacu- 
ated from the intestine; feces. 

Dejerine's disease (da-zher-en') [Joseph Jules 
Dejerine, French neurologist, 1840- ]. Hyper- 
trophic interstitial neuritis of infancy. 

Dejerine-Sottas' disease, D.-S.'s type of muscular 
atrophy. See Dejerine's disease. 

delacerare (de-las' -ur-at) [delacerare]. To tear to 
pieces, or lacerate severely. 

delaceration (de-las-er-a'-shun) [delacerare]. To 
tear to pieces or lacerate severely. 

delactation (de-lak-ta' -shun) . See ablactation. 
. Delafield's hematoxylin (del'-a-feld) [Francis 
Delafield, New York physician, 1841- ]. Dis- 
solve 4 Gm. of hematoxylin in 25 Cc. of absolute 
alcohol, and add 400 Cc. of a saturated aqueous 
solution of ammonium alum. Expose to light and 
air for 3 or 4 days; filter; add to the filtrate 100 Cc. 
each of glycerol and methyl-alcohol. An excellent 
nuclear stain. 

delamination (de-lam-in-a'-shun) [de, away; lamina, 
a plate]. The splitting into layers. 

deleterious (del-et-e'-re-us) [StjXtjt^/uos, hurtful]. 
Hurtful, injurious. 

Delhi boil (del' -he) [city in India]. See furunculus 
orientalis. 

delicate (del'-ik-at) [delicatus, delicate]. Of a 
refined constitution. Feeble. In a condition of 
poor health. 

deligation (del-ig-a'-shun) [deligatio, a binding]. 
Ligation, as of an artery. 

delimitation (de-lim-it-a' -shun) [delimitare, to 
mark out]. The determination of the limits of 
areas, regions, or organs in physical diagnosis. 

deliquation, deliquiation (del-ik-wa'-shun, del-ik- 
we-a'-shun). Deliquescence. 

deliquescence (del-ik-wes'-ens) [deliquescere, to 
melt away]. A liquefaction by absorption of water 
from the atmosphere. 

deliquescent (del-ik-wes'-ent) [see deliquescence]. 
Dissolving; applied especially to salts that absorb 
moisture from the air and liquefy. 

deliquium (del-ik'-we-um) [L.]. An absence. 
d. animi. 1. Failure of the mind; mental decay; 
melancholy; lowness of the spirits. 2. Syncope or 
fainting. 

delirament (de-lir'-am-ent) [delir amentum, de- 
lirium]. Delirium. 

delire a Java. See lata. 

deliriant, delirifacient (de-lir'-e-ant, de-lir'-e-fa'- 
she-ent) [delirium]. Producing delirium. 

delirious (de-lir'-e-us) [delirium]. Affected with 
delirium. 

delirium (de-lir'-e-um) [L., "madness"]. A con- 
dition of mental excitement with confusion and 
usually hallucinations and illusions, d., alcoholic. 
See d. tremens, d. constantium, the constant repe- 
tition and expression of a single fixed idea, charac- 
teristic of the delirium of insane persons having 
fever, d. cordis, a violent, tumultuous beating of 
the heart, d., depressive, a form of general delirium 
in which there is a marked torpidity as to ideas, 
feelings, and determinations, d., Dupuytren's. See 
d. nervosum, d., febrile, the delirium of fever. 
d. of grandeur, a condition in which an individual 
has insanely exaggerated ideas of his own importance 
or of his possessions, d., inanition. That occurring 
in a person weakened by a febrile affection, d. 



nervosum, the delirium following severe surgical 
operations or injuries, d. of persecution, that in 
which the patient imagines himself the object of 
persecution, d., primordial, a form marked by 
ideas which persistently dominate the mind, d., 
toxic, delirium caused by poisons, d., traumatic. 
See d. nervosum, d. tremens, that arising from al- 
coholic poisoning. Characterized by constant trem- 
or, insomnia, great exhaustion, distressing illusions, 
and hallucinations. 

delitescence (del-it-es'-ens) [delitescere, to lie hid]. 
The sudden disappearance of inflammation by reso- 
lution. 

deliver (de-liv'-er) [de, from; liber are, to free]. 
To free from something, especially to deliver a woman 
of a child or of the after-birth. The word is also 
applied to the part removed, as to deliver the placenta 
or a tumor. 

delivery (de-liv'-er-e) [see deliver]. The act of 
delivering or freeing from something, especially the 
relieving of a woman of the contents of the uterus; 
parturition; childbirth, d., postmortem, the birth 
of a fetus after the death of the mother. 

delomorphous (de-lo-mor'-fus) [8rj\os, conspicuous; 
noptfyq, form]. Having a conspicuous form. d. cells 
of Rollet. See under Rollet. 

delphini oleum (del-fi'-ni o'-le-um) [L.]. The oil 
of the common porpoise, phoccena communis. It is 
said to have all the medicinal virtues of cod-liver 
oil, without the disagreeable qualities of the latter. 

delphinine, delphinium, delphinoidine, delphisine 
(del' -fin-en, del-fin' -e-um, del-fin-oid'-en, del'-fis-en). 
See staphisagria. 

delta (del'-tah) [Sk\ra, A, the fourth letter of the 
Greek alphabet]. 1. Any triangular space. 2. The 
vulva, from its triangular shape, d. fornicis, a 
triangular area of the ventral surface of the fornix 
dorsad of the portae; lyra fornicis. d. mesoscapulee, 
the triangular area at the root of the spine of the 
scapula. 

deltoid (del'-toid) [delta; tlSos, likeness]. 1. 
Delta-shaped. 2. A muscle of the shoulder. See 
muscles, table of. d. ligament, the internal lateral 
ligament of the ankle-joint, d. ridge, the ridge on 
the humerus for the insertion of the deltoid muscle. 

deltoideus (del-toid-e'-us). See muscles, table of. 

delusion (de-lu'-zhun) [de, from; lusus, play]. A 
false belief, the falsity of which is apparent, but out 
of which the person cannot be reasoned by indubitable 
evidence, d.s, expansive, d.s, large, a symptom of 
the second stage of general paralysis of the insane, 
in which the patient conceives ideas involving 
colossal size, magnificent wealth, or extravagant 
numbers. 

delusional (de-lu'-zhun-al) [delusion]. Of the 
nature of a delusion; characterized by delusions. 
d. stupor. See insanity, confusional. 

demagnetization (de-mag-net-i-za'-shun). The act 
of depriving an object of magnetic properties. 

demagnetize (de-mag' -net-lz). To deprive an 
object of magnetic properties. 

demarcation (de-mark-a'-shun) [demarcare, to set 
the bounds of]. Separation, d., line of, a red line 
forming at the edge of a gangrenous area and marking 
the limit of the process. 

Demarquay's symptom (de-mar-ka') [Jean Nicolas 
Demarquay, French surgeon, 181 1-1875]- Immo- 
bility or lowering of the larynx during deglutition 
and phonation; it is characteristic of tracheal syphilis. 

demedication (de-med-ik-a'-shun). The removal of 
deleterious drugs from the system, as lead, arsenic, 
or phosphorus, by the reversal of the electric current 
used in cataphoresis, in a suitably arranged bath. 

demembration (de-mem-bra' -shun) [demembrare, to 
deprive of a limb or limbs]. The cutting off of a 
member; amputation; castration. 

dement (de'-ment) [dementia], A person suffering 
with dementia. 

dementation (de-men-ta'-shun) [dementia]. Loss of 
mind; insanity. 

demented (de-ment'-ed). Deprived of reason. 

dementia (de-men' -she-ah) [de, from; mens, the 
mind]. A form of insanity characterized by a 
deterioration or loss of the intellectual faculties, the 
reasoning power, the memory, and the will, d., 
paralytic, general paralysis of the insane. See 
paresis, d. paranoides, a form of d. prcecox, charac- 
terized by paranoiac delusions, d. praecox, a form 
which appears at the age of puberty in children 
previously intellectually bright; there are various 



DEMI- 



280 



DENTATE 



delirious symptoms at the beginning; constant 
sudden impulses and rapid termination in a dementia 
which is more or less complete, d., primary, that 
occurring independently of other forms of insanity. 
d., secondary, that following another form of insanity. 
d., senile, that due to the degenerations of old age. 
d., terminal, that coming on toward the end of other 
forms of insanity or certain nervous diseases. 

demi- {dimidius, half]. A prefix meaning half. 

demifacet (dem-e-fas'-et) [demi-; facet]. One-half 
of an articulation surface adapted to articulate with 
two bones. 

demilune cells (dem'-e-lun). See Adamkiewicz, 
Gianuzzi and Heidenhain. 

demimonstrosity (dem-e-mon-stros'-it-e) [demi, half; 
monstruosus, monstrous]. A variety of congenital 
deformity that does not give rise to appreciable 
disorder of function. 

demineralization (de-min-er-al-iz-a'-shun). In- 
crease in the elimination of mineral salts, d., 
coefficient of, the quantity of mineral matter as 
compared with the total solids, in the urine. 

demipenniform (dem-e-pen' -e-form) [demi-; penna, 
a wing]. Applied to structures or organs which 
have one of two margins winged. 

Demodex (de'-mo-deks) [dynS*, fat; 5^, an insect]. 
A genus of parasitic insects. D. folhculorum, the 
pimple-mite, a minute parasite found in the sebaceous 
follicles, particularly of the face. It probably does 
not produce any symptoms. 

demography (de-mog'-ra-fe) [bfinos, the people; 
ypafetv, to write]. The science of peoples col- 
lectively considered; social science, including that 
of vital statistics and the consideration of questions 
of state medicine, d., dynamic, a study of the 
activities of human communities, their rise, progress, 
and fall, d., static, a study of the anatomy of a 
human community, its numbers, the sex, age, wealth, 
calling, etc., of the people. 

demonomania (de-mon-o-ma'-ne-ah) [Sainuv, a 
devil; navia, madness]. A form of madness in 
which a person imagines himself possessed of a devil. 

demonomania c {de-mo-no-ma' -ne-ak) [daifiuv, a 
devil; /tdna, madness]. One who suffers with 
demonomania. 

demonomy (de-mon'-om-e) [Sijuos, the people; 
vdfios, a law; a custom]. The science of humanity. 

demonopathy (de-mon-op'-a-the) [daL/xuv, a demon; 
7ra0os, disease]. ^ Same as demonomania. 

de mono phobia (de-mon-o-fo'-be-ah) [Saipoiv, a 
devil; 4>b&os, fear]. Morbid dread of devils and 
demons. 

demonstrator (dem'-on-slra-tor) [demonstrate, to 
show], i. One who instructs in the practical 
application of the arts and sciences. 2. An assistant 
or subordinate teacher. 3. The index finger 

De Morgan's spots {de-mor'-gan) [Campbell De 
Morgan, English physician, 1811-1876]. Bright 
red nevoid spots frequently seen on the skin in cases 
of cancer. 

demorphinization (de-morf-in-i-za'-shun) [de, from; 
morphine]. Treatment of morphinism by gradual 
withdrawal of the drug. 

Demours' membrane (dem-oor') [Pierre Demours, 
French ophthalmologist, 1702-1795]. See Descemet's 
membrane. 

demulcent (de-mul'-sent) [demulcere, to soothe], 
r. Soothing; allaying irritation of surfaces, especially 
mucous membranes. 2. A soothing substance, 
particularly a slippery, mucilaginous liquid. 

(de) Mussey's point, de M.'s symptom. See 
Mussey's (de) point. 

denarcotized (de-nar'-ko-tizd) [de, priv.; narcotine]. 
1. Deprived of narcotizing qualities. 2. Of opium, 
deprived of narcotine. 

denatured (de-na'-churd). Changed, made differ- 
ent from normal, d. alcohol, ethyl alcohol which 
has been rendered unfit for drinking by the addition 
of methyl alcohol and benzine. 

denaturization (de-nat-u-ri-za'-shun) [de, priv.; 
natura, nature]. Alteration in the characteristics 
of an organic substance by chemical action, boiling, 
or addition. 

dendraxon (den-draks'-on) [dendron; axon]. Von 
Lenhossek's term for a neuron with a short axon, its 
axonal processes being for the most part devoid of 
sheaths. 

dendric (den'-drik) [dendron]. Provided with 
dendrons. 

dendrite (den'-drit). See dendron. 



dendritic, dendroid (den-drit'-ik, den'-droid) [den- 
dron]. Branching like a tree. 

dendron (den'-dron) [SkvSpov, a tree]. One of 
the short, free projections or socalled protoplasmic 
processes of a nerve-cell. 

dengue (dong'-ga) [West Ind.]. An acute, epi- 
demic, infectious disease, characterized by a febrile 
paroxysm, severe pains in the bones, joints, and 
muscles, and, at times, a cutaneous eruption. The 
period of incubation is from 3 to 5 days; the invasion 
is sudden, with high fever (106 F.), severe pains in 
the muscles, bones, and joints, the last being swollen 
and reddened. After the fever has lasted 3 or 4 
days it subsides, but at the end of from 2 to 4 days 
a second paroxysm accompanied with pain occurs. 
Convalescence is slow; complications are rare. 
Syn., breakbone fever ; dandy fever. 

denidation (de-ni-da'-shun) [de, priv.; nidus, a 
nest]. The disintegration and ejection of the 
superficial part of the uterine mucosa. # 

Deiuges' test for formaldehyde in milk (den-e-zha') 
[Georges Denigls, French chemist, 1859- ]. 
Make a solution of 40 Cc. of 0.5 % solution of 
fuchsin; 250 Cc. distilled water; 10 Cc. of sodium 
bisulphite, sp. gr. 1.375; 10 Cc. pure sulphuric acid. 
To 1 Cc. of this solution add 10 Cc. of the suspected j 
milk and let it stand 5 minutes. Then add 2 Cc. of 
pure hydrochloric acid and shake. In the presence 
of formaldehyde a violet color will appear; a yellow- 
ish-white color in its absence. D.' test for uric acid, 
convert uric acid into alloxan by the action of 
nitric acid; expel the excess of nitric acid by gentle 
heat, and treat with a few drops of sulphuric acid 
and a few drops of commercial benzol (containing 
thiophen) ; a blue coloration will result. 

denigration (de-ni-gra'-shun) [denigrare, to blacken].' 
The act or process of rendering black; the state of 
having become black. 

Denisensko's method (den-is-en'-sko). The sub- 
cutaneous injection of a watery extract of Chelidonium 
majus in the treatment of cancer. 

denitration (de-ni-tra'-shun). The process of 
taking away nitric acid from a compound. 

denitrify (de-ni'-tre-fi) [de, priv.; nitrogen]. To 
remove nitrogen. 

denitrifying (de-ni'-tre-fi-ing). Applied to bacteria 
which reduce nitric acid to nitrous acid and ammonia. 

Denonvillier's fascia (de-non(g)-vel-ya) [Charles 
Pierre Denonvillier, French surgeon, 1 808-1872]. 
The rectovesical fascia between the prostate gland 
and rectum. 

de novo (deno'-vo) [L.]. Anew. 

dens (denz) [L.: pi., denies]. 1. A tooth. See 
teeth. 2. The tooth-like process on the body of the 
axis, going through the front part of the ring of the 
atlas, d. serotinus, a wisdom tooth. 

densimeter (den-sim'-et-er) [densus, dense; \xkrpjv, 
a measure]. An appliance for ascertaining the 
specific gravity of a liquid. 

densimetric (den-sim-et'-rik). Having reference 
to the use of the densimeter. 

density (den'-sit-e) [densitas, thickness]. Close- 
ness; compactness, especially the degree of closeness 
of one body compared with an equal volume of 
another taken as a standard; specific gravity. In 
electricity, the amount of electricity accumulated 
on a unit of surface during a given time. 

dentagra (den-ta'-grah) [dens, a tooth; ay pa, a 
seizure]. 1. Toothache. 2. A tooth-forceps. 

dental (den'-tal) [dens]. Pertaining to the teeth. 
d. arch, the arch in the alveolar process, d. bulb, 
the dental papilla, d. engine, a machine worked 
by a treadle and possessing a flexible cable and 
adjustable arm and hand-piece, which afford great 
facility of movement and adaptation. By means 
of attachments to the hand-piece drills can be oper- 
ated at various angles, d. germ, the rudiment of a 
tooth, d. sac, the sac that encloses the developing 
tooth in the embryo, d. tubuli, the minute wavy 
tubes occurring in the dentine of teeth. 

dentalgia (den-tal'-je-ah) [dens; 0X705, pain]. 
Toothache. 

dentalis lapis (den-ta'-lis lap'-is) [L.]. Salivary 
calculus; tartar of the teeth. 

dentarpaga {den-tar' -pa-gah) [dens; apirayn, hook]. 
An instrument for the extraction of teeth. 

dentata (den-ta'-tah). See axis (2). 

dentate (den' -tat) [dens]. Toothed; having a 
toothed or serrated edge. d. body. See corpus 
dentatum. d. convolution, a convolution found in 



DENTATION 



281 



DEPHLOGISTICATE 



the hippocampal fissure, d. fasciaj the serrated 
free edge of the dentate convolution, d. fissure, 
the hippocampal fissure. 

dentation {den-ta' -shun) . The formation of tooth- 
like structures, as on the margin of a leaf. 

dentatum {den-ta' -turn) [L.]. The dentate nucleus 
of the cerebellum. 

dentelation {den-tel-a' -shun) . The condition of 
being furnished with tooth-like processes. 

dentes {den'-tez) [L., plural of dens]. Teeth. 
See teeth, d. acuti, the incisor teeth, d. adulti, 
the teeth of second dentition, d. adversi, the incisor 
teeth, d. angulares, the canine or cuspid teeth, so 
called probably because they are situated at the angles 
of the alveolar arch, at the corners of the mouth, or 
from the angular shape of their crowns, d. bicus- 
pidati, bicuspid teeth, d. canini, the cuspid or 
canine teeth; so called from their resemblance to 
the teeth of a dog. d. cariosi, carious teeth, d. 
columellares, the molar teeth, d. cuspidati, cuspid 
teeth, d. exserti (exsertere), to thrust out, teeth 
that project or are in front of the dental arch, but 
applied more particularly to the cuspids, d. in- 
cisores, incisor teeth, d. lactei, the milk, temporary, 
or deciduous teeth. See deciduous teeth, d. molares, 
molar teeth, d. primores, the incisor teeth; so 
called because they occupy the front or anterior part 
of the dental arch. d. sapientiae, the wisdom-teeth. 
A name given to the third molar tooth of each half 
of the jaws. d. tomici {tomicus, cutting), the incisor 
teeth. 

dentiaskiascope {den-te-ah-ski' -a-skop) [dens; ski- 
ascope]. An instrument for examining the teeth and 
alveoli. It consists of a small fluorescent screen 
within an aluminum case, so situated that the 
screen image is reflected upon a mirror which the 
operator sees through a tube. 

denticle {den'-tik-V) [denticulus, a small tooth]. 
A small tooth or projecting point. 

denticulate {den-tik' -u-lat) [denticle]. Having mi- 
nute dentations; furnished with small teeth or 
notches. 

denticulus {den-tik' -u-lus) [L.]. A little tooth. 

dentier (don(g)-te-a') [Ft.]. A French word 
signifying a base of metal, ivory or any other sub- 
stance, employed as a support or attachment for 
artificial teeth. The term is also sometimes applied 
to a set of artificial teeth. 

dentification {den-tif-ik-a' -shun) [dens; facere, to 
make]^ The formation of teeth; dentition. 

dentiform {den'-tif-orm) [dens; forma, shape]. 
Odontoid, tooth-like. 

dentifrice {den' -tif-ris) [dens; fricare, to rub]. A 
substance for cleansing the teeth. 

dentigerous {den-tij'-er-us) [dens; gerere, to carry]. 
Bearing or_ containing teeth, as a dentigerous cyst. 

dentilabial {den-te-la'-be-al) [dens; labium, lip]. 
Relating to the teeth and lips. 

dentilave {den'-te-lav) [dens; lavare, to wash]. A 
mouth-wash or tooth-wash. 

dentilingual {den-ti-lin'-gwal) [dens; lingua, tongue]. 
Relating to the teeth and tongue. 

dentinal {den'-tin-aT). Pertaining to or composed of 
dentine, d. fibers, the protoplasmic substance in 
the dentinal tubules, d. papillae, the forerunners 
of the dentinal pulp. d. tubules, canals in the 
matrix of dentine. 

dentinalgia {den-tin-al'-je-ah) [dentine; akyos, pain]. 
Pain in dentine. 

dentine, dentin {den'-ten, den'-tin) [dens]. A modi- 
fied osseous tissue forming the principal part of a 
tooth, and consisting, histologically, of dental 
tubuli and intertubular tissue, chemically, of the 
phosphates of calcium and magnesium, the carbonate 
and fluoride of lime, and organic matter, chiefly 
gelatin. The bony structure of the tooth lying under 
the enamel of the crown and the cement substance 
of the root, d., secondary, adventitious deposits 
of dentine which occur in or upon the dental pulp 
after tooth-formation is complete. 

dentinification (den-tin-if-ik-a' -shun) [dentine; fa- 
cere, to make]. The formation of dentine through 
the agency of specialized cells, the odontoblasts. 

dentinitis (den-tin-i'-lis) [dentine; irts, inflamma- 
tion]. m Inflammation of the dentinal fibrils. 

dentinoid (den'-tin-oid). i. Similar to dentine. 
2. Pertaining to an odontoma. 

dentinosteoid (den-tin-os'-te-oid) [dentine; darkop, 
bone]. _ A tumor of dentine and bone. 

dentiphone {den' -tif-on) [dens; <t>wvr), a voice]. 



A form of audiphone in which the vibrating disc is 
attached to the teeth. 

dentist {den' -list) [dens]. One who practises 
dentistry. 

dentistry {den'-tis-tre). Dental surgery, embracing 
everything pertaining to the prevention and treat- 
ment of diseases of the teeth. 

dentition {den-tish'-un) [dens]. Teething; the 
cutting of the teeth, d., primary, the cutting of 
the temporary or milk-teeth, d., secondary, the 
eruption of the 32 permanent teeth. 

dentoid {den'-toid) [dens; elSos, resemblance]. 
Tooth-like. 

dentoiletta {dent-wah-let'-ah). A device consisting 
of two mirrors so arranged that persons may examine 
their own teeth. 

dentola {den'-to-lah). A solution used on swollen 
gums, said to consist of cocaine hydrochloride, 1 part; 
potassium bromide, 10 parts; glycerol and water, 
each, 200 parts. 

dentolingual {den-to-ling' -wat). Pertaining to the 
teeth and the tongue or lingual nerve. 

dentoliva {den-toV -iv-ati) [dens; oliva, an olive]. 
The olivary nucleus. 

dentomental {den-to-ment'-aV). Pertaining to the 
teeth and chin. 

dentonasal {den-to-na'-zal). Pertaining to the 
teeth and nose. 

denture {den'-chur) [dens]. 1. The entire set or 
group of teeth; the whole assemblage of teeth in 
both jaws. 2. A set, or plate, of artificial teeth, s 

Denuce's ligament {den-oo-sa') [Maurice Denuce", 
French surgeon, 1859- ]. A short and broad 
fibrous band in the wrist-joint, connecting the radius 
with the ulna. 

denucleated {de-nu'-kle-a-ted). Deprived of the 
nucleus. 

denudation {den-u-da' -shun) [denudare, to denude]. 
A stripping or making bare. 

denuding {de-nu'-ding) [denudare, to denude]. 
A stripping or making bare. d. of the teeth, an 
affection that consists in the gradual destruction^ 
the enamel of the anterior or labial surfaces of the 
incisors, cuspids, and sometimes of the bicuspids; 
the molars are rarely affected by it. 

denutrition {de-nu-trish'-un) [de, from; nutrire, 
to nourish]. 1. Faulty or absent nutrition. 2. An 
atrophy and degeneration of tissue arising from 
lack of nutrition. 

depbstruent {de-ob'-stroo-ent) [de; obstruere, to 
obstruct]. 1. Removing obstruction. 2. A medi- 
cine that removes obstruction; an aperient. 

deodorant {de-o' -dor-ant) [de; odor are, to smell]. 
1. Removing or concealing offensive odors. 2. A 
substance that removes or conceals offensive odors. 

deodoriferant {de-o-dor-if -er-ant) [see deodorant]. 

1. Possessing the power of overcoming bad odors. 

2. See deodorant. 

deodorized {de-o'-dor-izd) [see deodorant]. De- 
prived of odor. 

deodorizer {de-o' -dor-i-zer) [de, priv.; odor are, to 
smell]. A deodorizing agent; a substance that 
destroys offensive odors. 

deontology {de-on-tol'-o-je) [Skov, right, binding; 
X670S, science]. The science of duty, d., medical, 
medical ethics. 

deoppilant, deoppilative {de-op' -il-ant, -at-iv) [de; 
oppilare, to stop]. The same as deobstruent. 

deorsum {de-or'-sum) [L.]. Downward, d. ver- 
gens. See vergens. 

deorsumduction {de-or-sum-duk' -shun) . A down- 
ward movement, as of the eye. 

deossification {de-os-if-ik-a' -shun) [de, away^os, 
bone; facere, to make]. The absorption of bony 
material; the deprivation of any part of its bony 
character. 

deoxidation {de-oks-id-a'-shun) [de, from; oxygen]. 
The removal of the oxygen from a chemical com- 
pound. 

deoxygenation {de-oks-e-jen-a'-shun). The process 
of removing oxygen from a compound. 

deozonize (de-o'-zon-tz) [de, from; ozone]. To 
deprive of ozone. 

depancreatize {de-pan' -kre-at-iz). To remove the 
pancreas. 

dephlegmation {de-fleg-ma'-shun) [de, from; <f>\eyeiv, 
to burn]. The removal of water by distillation. 

dephlogisticate {de-flo-jis'-tik-at) [de-, priv.; <£Ao- 
7&xm, inflammation]. To lessen inflammation in a 
part. 



DEPIGMENTATION 



282 



DERMATIN 



depigmentation (de-pig-ment-a'-shun). The re- 
moval of natural pigments from the skin or from 
microscopic preparations by the action of weak 
solutions of bleaching or oxidizing solutions. 

depilate (dep'-il-at) [depilate, to remove the hair]. 
To remove the hair. 

depilation (dep-il-a'-shun) [depilate]. The removal 
or loss of the hair. 

depilatory (de-pil'-at-o-re) [depilate], i. Having 
the power to remove the hair. 2. A substance, 
usually a caustic alkali, used to destroy the hair. 

depilous (dep'-il-us) [depilate]. Hairless. 

deplanate (dep'-lan-at) [deplanare, to level]. 
Leveled; flattened. 

deplethoric (de-pleth'-or-ik) [de, priv.; plethora]. 
Marked by absence of plethora. 

depletion (de-ple' -shun) [deplete, to empty]. 1. The 
act of diminishing the quantity of fluid in the body 
or in a part, especially by bleeding. 2. The con- 
dition of the system produced by the excessive loss 
of blood or other fluids. 

depletive, depletory (de-ple'-tiv, de-ple' -tor-e) [de- 
plete, to empty]. 1. Causing or tending toward 
depletion. 2. A medicine that depletes. 

deplumation (de-plu-ma' -shun) [de, down; off; 
pluma, feather]. The loss of the eyelashes. 

depolarization (de-po-lat-iz-a'-shun) [de; polus, 
pole]. The neutralization of polarity. 

depolarizer (de-po'-lat-i-zet). A refracting plate 
used with a polarizer which resolves the polarized 
ray into ordinary and extraordinary rays. 

deportation (de-por-ta' -shun) [de; pottare, to bear]. 
Veit's term for the process in which the chorionic 
fringes are detached and lose all connection with the 
fetal placenta. 

deposit (de-poz'-it) [de; ponere, to place]. A 
sediment; a collection of morbid particles in a body. 

depositive (de-poz'-it-iv) [deposit]. A term applied 
to that state of the skin in which lymph is poured 
out and papules arise. 

depravation (dep-rav-a'-shun) [deptavate, to vitiate]. 
A deterioration or morbid change in the secretions, 
tissues, or functions of the body. 

depraved (de-pravd'). Corrupt, perverted or 
vitiated. 

depressant (de-pres'-ant) [see deptession], 1. 
Lowering. 2. A medicine that diminishes func- 
tional activity. 

depressed (de-presf) [see deptession]. 1. Re- 
ferring to a state of lowered vitality; affected with 
depression. 2. Having the dorsolateral diameter 
reduced. 3. Flattened from above downward. 
d. fracture, a cranial fracture with sinking of the 
bone. 

depression (de-presh'-un) [deptimete, to depress]. 
1. A hollow or fossa. 2. Inward displacement of a 
part, as of the skull. 3- Lowering of vital functions 
under the action of some depressing agent. 

depressive (de-pres'-iv). Causing depression. 

depressomotor (de-pres-o-mo'-tor) [deptession; mov- 
ere, to move]. 1. Diminishing motion. 2 An 
agent that diminishes the action of the motor ap- 
paratus. 

depressor (de-ptes'-or) [deptession], 1. A muscle, 
instrument, or apparatus that depresses. 2. A 
nerve, stimulation of which lowers the functional 
activity of a part, as the deptessot nerve of the 
heart. 3. One of two substances found in the 
infundibular part of the hypophysis, having distinct 
physiological properties. It produces a fall of blood- 
pressure. Cf. ptessor. 

deprimens (dep'-rim-enz) [L.]. Depressing. A 
depressing muscle, d. oculi, the rectus inferior 
muscle of the eye. 

depucelation (de-pu-sel-a' -shun) [depucelatio]. The 
act of deflowering. 

depurant (dep'-u-rant) [deputate, to purify]. 1. 
Purifying; cleansing. 2. A medicine that purifies 
the animal economy. 

depurated (dep'-u-ra-ted). Purified; cleansed. 

depurative (dep'-u-ra-tiv) [see deputatot]. Purify- 
ing or cleansing. 

depurator (dep'-u-ra-tor) [deputate, to purify]. 
A drug or device for cleansing. 

DeR. A contraction and symbol of the term 
reaction of degenetation. 

deradelphus (der-ad-el'-fus) [8epti, neck; &5eX<£6s, 
brother], A monocephalic dual monstrosity, with 
fusion of the bodies above the umbilicus, and with 
four lower extremities and three or four upper. 



deradenitis (der-ad-en-i'-tis) [Seprj, neck; 4517*', a 
gland; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of- the 
cervical glands. 

deradencncus (der-ad-en-ong'-kus) [Sepv, neck; 
iSriv, a gland; 6jkos, mass]. Swelling of a neck-gland. 

deranencephalia (det-an-en-sef-a'-le-ah) [Seprj, 
neck; &v, priv.; iyicbpahos, brain]. Teratism marked 
by absence of the head and brain, the neck being 
present. 

derangement (de-ranj'-ment). Disorder of in- 
tellect; insanity. 

Derbyshire neck (der'-be-sher). See goiter. 

Dercum's disease (det'-kum) [Francis Xavier 
Detcum, American physician, 1856- ]. Adiposis 
dolorosa, a painful dystrophy of the subcutaneous 
connective tissue, somewhat resembling myxedema. 

derencephalocele (der-en-sef'-al-o-sel) [bkpr\, neck; 
encephalocele]. Hernia of the brain through a 
fissure in the cervical vertebrae. 

derencephalous (der-en-sef'-al-us) [Sepn, neck; 
iyKk<t>aKos, brain]. Affected with derencephalus; 
of the nature of derencephalus. 

derencephalus (der-en-sef'-al-us) [depri, neck; 
eyK&pa\os, brain]. A variety of single autositic 
monsters of the species anencephalus, in which the 
bones of the cranial vault are rudimentary, the 
posterior portion of the occiput absent, and the 
upper cervical vertebra? bifid, the brain resting in 
them. 

deric (der'-ik) [depos, the skin]. External; per- 
taining to the ectoderm. 

derivant (der'-iv-ant) [see derivation]. Derivative; 
a derivative drug. 

derivation (der-iv-a'-shun) [derivare, to turn a 
stream from its banks]. The drawing away of blood 
or liquid exudates from a diseased part by creating 
an extra demand for them in some other part. 

derivative (de-riv'-at-iv). 1. Producing derivation. 
2. An agent that produces derivation. 

derm, derma (derm, der'-mah) [Sepp.a, skin]. The 
true skin. 

Dermacentor (der-ma-sen'-tor) [hkpp.a, skin; xkvrup, 
a goader]. A genus of ticks, some species of which 
are responsible for the spread of the infecting princi- 
ple of Rocky Mountain fever. D. reticularis, a tick 
through which are disseminated the Piroplasma cants 
and P. hominis. 

dermad (der'-mad) [derm; ad, to]. Externally; 
toward the skin; ectad. 

dermagra (det-ma'-gtah). See pellagra. 

dermal (der'-mal). Pertaining to the skin. d. 
muscle, a skin-muscle, d. skeleton. See detmo- 
skeleton. 

dermalaxia (der-mal-dks'-e-ah) [detm; pa\aida, 
softness]. > Morbid softening of the skin. 

dermalgia (der-mal '-je-ah) . See detmatalgia. 

dermanoplasty (der-man' -o-plas-te) [detm; ava- 
ir\&<r<reiv, to form anew]. Skin-grafting. 

Dermanyssus (der-man-is'-us) [depua, skin; vvootiv, 
to prick]. A genus of itch-mites. D. avium is a 
species found on birds and sometimes on the human 
subject. 

dermapostasis (der-ma-pos'-ta-sis) [detm; hiro<na.<n%, 
a falling away]. A skin disease with focal induration. 

derma tagra (der-mat-a'-grah). 1. Derma talgia. 
2. See pellagra. 

dermatalgia (det-mat-al'-je-ah) [derm; a\yos, pain]. 
Pain in the skin unaccompanied by any structural 
change, and caused by some nervous disease or 
reflex influence. 

dermataneuria (det-mat-ah-nu'-te-ah) [derm; A, 
priv.; v'eopov, a nerve]. Derangement of the nerve- 
supply of the skin, giving rise to anesthesia or paraly- 
sis. 

dermatatrophia (det-mat-ah-tto'-fe-ah) [derm; atro- 
phy]. Atrophy of the skin. 

dermatauxe (det-mat-awks'-e) [Sepp.a, skin; at/fr, 
augmentation]. Thickening or hypertrophy of the 
skin. 

dermathemia (det-mat-he'-me-ah) [derm; al/ia, 
blood], A congestion of the skin. Syn., dermcemia; 
dermohemia. 

dermatic (det-mat'-ik) [8kpp.a, the skin]. I. Re- 
lating to the skin. 2. A remedy for diseases of the 
skin. 

dermatin (der' -mat-in). A preparation used in 
dermatology. It consists of salicylic acid, 5~7 
parts; starch, 7-15 parts; talc, 25-50 parts; silicic 
acid, 30-60 parts; kaolin, 3-9 parts. It is used as a 
protective. 



DERMATITIS 



283 



DERMATOPLASTY 



dermatitis (der-mat-i'-tis) [derm; ins, inflamma- 
tion]. An inflammation of the skin. d. ambustionis, 
d. calorica, the form due to burns and scalds, d., 
blastomycetic, a skin disease caused by a yeast-like 
fungus, Blastomyces dermatitidis. d. congelationis. 
Same as frost-bite. d. contusiformis, erythema 
nodosum, d., Duhring's. See d. herpetiformis, d., 
electroplating, a form of inflammation due to lime- 
dust employed in finishing electroplating, which, 
coming in contact with an abrasion, forms a caustic 
paste which in time produces an ulcer, d. exfoli- 
ativa, an acute or chronic inflammation of the skin, 
in which the epidermis is shed more or less freely in 
large or small scales. See pityriasis rubra, d. 
gangrenosa, sphaceloderma; gangrenous inflamma- 
tion of the skin. d. herpetiformis, an inflammatory 
skin disease of a herpetic character, the various 
lesions showing a tendency to group. It is a protean 
disease, appearing as erythema, vesicles, blebs, and 
pustules, and is associated with fever, itching, and 
burning, d. hiemalis, a recurrent inflammation of 
the skin associated with cold weather and allied to 
the erythemas; the color is dark blue. It attacks 
distal extremities first and appears to be due to 
circulatory disturbance, d. medicamentosa, drug- 
eruptions; inflammatory eruptions upon the skin 
due to the action of certain drugs taken internally. 
d. nodularis necrotica, a necrosis of the skin and 
superficial layers of the corium, due primarily to 
changes and consequent obstruction in the blood- 
vessels between the cutis and subcutis. d., oidial. 
See d., blastomycetic. d. papillaris, capillitii, a 
chronic skin disease affecting the nape of the neck 
and adjacent parts, and characterized by minute 
red papules, which occasionally suppurate, and are 
usually traversed by a hair. They unite to form 
hard, white or reddish, keloid -looking elevations, 
from which a bundle of atrophied hairs protrudes. 
d., primal, that caused by contact with primula 
obconica; it is due to the fine hairs on the under 
surface of the leaves, d., pustular, impetigo, d., 
Roentgen-ray, d., X-ray, that due to prolonged 
exposure to Roentgen-rays. d. traumatica, that 
resulting from traumatism, d., vegetative, elevated, 
vegetating lesions covered with crusts and very 
prone to bleeding, occurring in remissions of eczema 
on nurslings, and believed to be due to some infection. 
A similar affection in adults has been recorded under 
the names eczema vigitante and pyodermite vegetante. 
d. venenata, that produced by the local action of 
irritant substances, d., X-ray. Same as d., Roent- 
gen-ray. 

dermato- [dkpfia, skin]. A prefix signifying per- 
taining to the skin. 

dermato-autoplasty (der-mat-o-aw'-to-plas-te) [der- 
mato-; autoplasty]. Dermatoplasty by means of 
grafts taken from the patient's body. 

Dermatobia (der-mat-o' -be-ah) [dermato-; /3ios, 
life]. A bot-fly of Central America, the eggs of 
which are not infrequently deposited in the skin and 
produce a swelling very like an ordinary boil. 

dermatobiasis (der-mat-o-bi'-as-is). Infection with 
Dermatobia. 

dermatocellulitis (der-mat-o-sel-u-li'-tis). Inflam- 
mation of the subcutaneous connective tissue. 

dermatoconiosis, dermatokoniosis (dur-mat-o-kon- 
i-o'-sis) [dermato-; kovLcl, dust]. Any skin-disease 
due to dust. Cf. enter oconiosis; pneumoconiosis. 

dermatocyst (der-maf -o-sist) [dermato-; cyst]. A 
cyst of the skin. 

dermato dynia (der-mat-o-din'-e-ah). See dermatal- 
gia. 

dermatodyschroia (der-mat-o-dis-kroi'-ah) [der- 
mato-; Sva-xpoia, a bad color]. Abnormal pigmenta- 
tion of the skin. 

dermatography (der-mat-og'-ra-fe) [dermato-; ypk- 
<f>eiv, to write], i. A description of the skin. 2. See 
dermographia. 

dermatoheteroplasty (der-mat-o-het'-er-o-plas-te) 
[dermato-; heteroplasty]. Dermatoplasty by means 
of grafts taken from the body of another than the 
patient. 

dermatoid (der'-mat-oid) . See dermoid. 

dermatokelidosis (der-mat-o-kel-id-o'-sis) [dermato-; 
KrjXi&ovv, to stain]. Pigmentation of the skin. 

dermatokeras (der-mat-o-ker'-as) [dermato-; /cepas, 
a horn]. See cornu culaneum. 

dermatol (der'-mat-ol) [derm], CsEh, (OH) 3 - 
C02Bi(OH)2. Bismuth subgallate, an astringent, 
antiseptic powder, of yellow color, used in affections 



of the skin and mucous membranes that are associ- 
ated with excessive secretion; it is especially recom- 
mended for diarrhea in tuberculosis and typhoid 
fever. Dose internally £-i£ dr. (2-6 Gm.) daily. 

dermatologist (der-mat-ol'-o-jist) [see dermatology]. 
A skin specialist. 

dermatology (der-mat-ol'-o-je) [dermato-; \6yos, 
science]. The science of the skin, its nature, struc- 
ture, functions, diseases and treatment. 

dermatolysis (der-mat-oV -is-is) [dermato-; \vavs, a 
loosing]. A hypertrophy of the skin and subcu- 
taneous tissue, with a tendency to the formation of 
folds. 

dermatoma (der-mat-o' -mah) [dermato-; 5fia, a 
tumor]. A tumor of the skin. 

dermatomalacia (der-mat-o-mal-a' se-ah) [dermato-; 
ftaXaxia, softness]. Morbid softening of the skin. 

dermatome (der'-ma-tom) [dermato-; refiveiv, to 
cut]. An instrument for incising the skin. 

dermatomelasma (der-mat-o-mel-az'-mah) [der- 
mato-; ne\a<TfjLa, a black color]. Addison's disease. 

dermatomere (dur-mat'-o-mer) [dermato-; nepos, a 
part]. The integumentary portion of the embryonic 
metamere. 

dermatomucosomyositis (der-mat-o-mu-ko-so-mi- 
o-si'-tis). Inflammation involving the skin, mucosa, 
and muscles. 

dermatomycosis (der-mat-o-mi-ko'-sis) [dermato-; 
mycosis]. Any skin disease caused by a vegetable 
parasite, d. achorina. See favus. d. barbae nodosa. 
See sycosis parasitaria. d. diffusa. See tinea imbri- 
cata. d. favosa, favus of the skin, exclusive of that 
of the hair and nails, d. furfuracea. See tinea 
versicolor, d. maculovesiculosa. See tinea tricho- 
phytina. d. marginata. See eczema marginatum. 
d. palmellina, a parasitic disease described by Pick 
as affecting the axillae, the chest, the backs of the 
hands, the inner surfaces of the thighs, and the 
pubes. It is characterized by the presence of 
rounded spores adherent to the hairs, d. pustulosa. 
See impetigo contagiosa. m 

dermatomyoma (der-mat-o-mi-o'-mah) [dermato-; 
lids, muscle; 5/xa, a tumor; pi., dermatomyomata]. 
Myoma seated upon or involving the skin. 

dermatomyositis (der-mat-o-mi-o-si'-tis) [dermato-; 
myositis]. An infectious inflammation of both skin 
and muscles, accompanied by edema, fever, and 
general depression. Cf. myositis; polymyositis. 

dermatoneuria (der-mat-o-nu'-re-ah). See dermato- 
neurosis. 

dermatoneurology (der-mat-o-nil-rol'-o-je) [der- 
mato-; neurology]. Neurology limited to the skin. 

dermatoneurosis (der-mat-o-nu-ro'-sis) [dermato-; 
neurosis]. A neurosis of the skin. d. indicatrix, an 
eruption of the skin due to nervous disease and 
indicative of more serious symptoms, d., stereo- 
graphic, a form characterized by an elevation, welt, 
or wheal corresponding in size and shape to the object 
the application of which produced the elevation. It 
is due to an extravasation of serum, and is illustrated 
in the welts that follow light blows of the whip on a 
nervous horse. 

dermatonosis (der-mat-on'-o-sis) [dermato-; voaos, 
disease]. Any disease of the skin. 

dermatonosus (der-mat-on'-o-sus) [dermato-; vbaos, 
disease]. Any skin-disease, d., neuropathic, any 
cutaneous disease of nervous origin, as angioneurosis, 
trophoneurosis, and idioneurosis. 

dermatopathology (der-mat-o-path-ol'-o-je). The 
pathology of the skin. 

dermatopathy (der-mat-op'-ath-e) [dermato-; vdBos, 
disease]. Any skin-disease. 

Dermatophuus penetrans. The jigger, chigger, or 
chigoe; a sand-flea of the West Indies and India; 
parasitic in man. 

dermatophone (der'-mat-o-fon) [dermato-; <f>o>vri, 
sound]. A stethoscopic appliance devised by Vol- 
tolini-Hueter, by means of which one may perceive 
the sound of the blood-current in the skin. It also 
makes perceptible the muscle-tones, and in the ten- 
dons and bones it demonstrates the transmitted 
vibrations. Syn., myophone; osteophone; tendophone. 

dermatophyte (der'-mat-o-fit) [dermato-; 4>vt6v, a 
plant]. 1. Any species of fungous vegetation that 
grows upon the skin. 2. A cutaneous appendage, 
as a hair, feather, scale, nail, or horn. 

dermatoplasia (der-mat-o-pla' -ze-ah) [dermato-; 
irk&acreiv, to form]. The reparative power of the 
skin to injury. 

dermatoplasty (der'-mat-o-plas-le) [see dermato. 



DERMATORRHAGIA 



284 



DESALINATION 



plasia]. An operative replacement of destroyed skin 
by means of flaps or skin-grafts. 

dermatorrhagia (der-mat-or-a'-je-ah) [dermato-; 
l>r)yvvvai, to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from the skin. 

dermatorrhea (der-mat-or-e'-ah) [dermato-; pola, 
a flowing]. A morbidly increased secretion from the 
skin. 

dermatosclerosis (der-mat-o-skle-ro'-sis). See scle- 
roderma. 

dermatosis (der-mat-o'-sis) [dermato-; voaos, dis- 
ease]. Any disease of the skin, d., angioneurotic, 
an infectious, toxic, or essential skin disease, char- 
acterized by a general disturbance of the .vascular 
tension, together with inflammatory excitation at 
the surface of the skin, d., engorgement, a skin 
disease characterized by passive derangement of 
the circulation, with imperfect venous and lymphatic 
absorption, d., hemorrhagic, a traumatic or essen- 
tial disease of the skin, characterized by hemorrhage 
from the cutaneous blood-vessels, without inflamma- 
tion or stasis; dermatorrhagia. d., neurotic, a 
cutaneous affection due to disease of the sensory or 
trophic nerves. It may be self-limited in its course 
(cyclic), as herpes zoster and herpes febrilis; or it 
may be acyclic, as neurotic edema, neurotic atrophy, 
and neurotic necrosis of the skin, d., parasitic, a 
papulovesicular disease described by Nielly, in 
which a filaria-like parasite was found in the vesicles, 
and believed by him to be identical with craw-craw. 
d., postvaccinal, a dermatosis following vaccination, 
marked by lesions similar to those of urticaria pig- 
mentosa except that desquamation is present and 
dermographism is absent. 

dermatosome (der'-mat-o-som) [dermato-; aufxa, 
body], i. A thickening or knot in the equatorial 
region of each spindle-fiber, in the process of cell- 
division. 2. One of the hypothetical ultimate units 
that form the membrane of vegetable cells. 

dermatospasm (der-mat-o-spasm') [dermato-; ciraa- 
fifc, spasm]. Cutis anserina, or goose-skin. 

dermatosyphilis (der-mat-o-sif'-il-is) [Upua, skin; 
syphilis]. The cutaneous manifestations of syphilis. 
See syphiloderma. 

dermatotherapy (der-mat-o-ther'-ap-e). The thera- 
peutics of cutaneous affections. 

dermatotomy (der-mat-ot'-o-me) [dermato-; refivetv, 
to cut]. The anatomy or dissection of the skin. 

dermatoxerasia (der-mat-o-zer-a'-se-ah) [dermato-; 
Znpaaia, dryness]. Dryness of the skin. Cf . xeroderma. 

dermatozoon (der-mat-o-zo'-on) [dermato-; fw<w, 
an animal; pi., dermatozoa]. Any animal parasitic 
upon the skin. 

dermatozoonosus (der-mat-o-zo-on-o'-sus) [dermato- 
zoon; voaos, a disease]. A cutaneous disease due to 
animal parasites, such as acarus, filaria, ixodes, leptus, 
pediculus, pulex, sarcoptes, etc. 

dermatrophia (der-ma-tro'-fe-ah). See dermata- 
trophia. 

dermectasia (der-mek-ta'-ze-ah). See dermatolysis. 

dermelminthiasis (der-mel-min-thi'-as-is) [derm; 
Z\fit,vs, a worm], A cutaneous affection due to a 
parasitic worm. Cf. dermatozoonosus. 

dermen (der'-men) [Skpua, the skin]. Belonging 
to the derma itself. 

dermenchysis (der-men'-kis-is) [derm; iyxvais, a 
pouring in]. Hypodermatic injection. 

dermepenthesis (der-mep-en' -thes-is) [Skpua, skin; 
iirevdtcns, insertion]. Synonym of skin-grafting. 

dermexanthesis (der-meks-an-the'-sis) [Bkpixa, skin; 
i^avdrjais, eruption; pi., dermexantheses]. Any skin- 
disease marked by a rash-like eruption. 

dermic (der'-mik) [derm]. Relating to the skin 
or formed of skin. d. graft, a skin-graft, d. layer, 
the middle layer of the membrana tympani. 

dermis (der'-mis). The corium or true skin. 

dermitis (der-mi'-tis). See dermatitis. 

dermo- (der-mo-). The same as dermato-. 

dermoabdominalis (der-mo-ab-dom-in-a' -lis) . Per- 
taining to the skin of the abdomen. 

dermoactinomycosis (der-mo-ak-tin-o-mi-ko'-sis) . 
Infection of the skin by actinomyces. 

dermoblast (der' -mo-blast) [dermo-; /3Xeurr6s, sprout]. 
The part of the mesoblast which develops into the 
corium. 

dermocyma, dermocymus (der-mo-si'-mah, der- 
mo-si'-mus) [dermo-; Kvp,a, the fetus]. A monster 
fetus containing another within it. 

dermoepidermal (der-mo-ep-e-derm'-al). Partaking 
of both the superficial and deep layers of the skin; 
said of skin-grafts. 



dermogen (der'-mo-jen). Trade name of a dusting 
powder, the chief constituent of which is zinc oxide. 

dermographia (der-mo-graf'-e-ah) [dermo-; yptyeiv, 
to write]. A condition of the skin in which tracings 
made with the finger-nail or a blunt instrument are 
followed by elevations at the points irritated. It is 
common in the condition termed vasomotor ataxia. 

dermographic (der-mo-graf'-ik) [dermo-; ypiuj>eiv, 
to write]. Affected with dermographia. d. pseudo- 
urticaria. Same as dermographia. 

dermographism (der-mog'-raf-izm) [dermo-; yp&<f>eu>, 
to write]. Autographism. See autographic skin and 
urticaria factitia. 

dermography (der-mog'-ra-fe) [dermo-; yp&<peu>, to 
write]. Dermographia; dermal autographism. 

dermohemal (der-mo-he'-mal) [dermo-; alp.a, blood]. 
In biology, applied to parts of the ventral or hemal 
fins of certain fishes. 

dermohemia (der-mo-he'-me-ah). See dermathemia. 

dermoid (der' -moid) [dermo-; eldos, like], i. Re- 
sembling skin. 2. A dermoid cyst. d. cyst, a cyst 
containing elements of the skin, as hair, teeth, etc. 

dermoidectomy (der-moid-ek' -to-me) [dermoid; 
£ktoht), excision]. Excision of a dermoid cyst. 

dermol (der'-mol). See bismuth chrysophanate. 

dermolabial (def-mo-la'-be-al). Having relation 
to the skin and the lips. 

dermology (der-mol'-o-je). See dermatology. 

dermomuscular (der-mo-mus'-ku-lar). Having rela- 
tion to both skin and muscles, as certain embryonic 
tissues. 

dermomycosis (der-mo-mi-ko'-sis). See dermato- 
mycosis. 

dermoneurosis (der-mo-nu-ro'-sis). See dermato- 
neurosis. 

dermonosology (der-mo-no-sol'-o-je). Same as 
dermatonosology. 

dermopapillary (der-mo-pap'-il-a-re). Having rela- 
tion to the papillary layer of the true skin. 

dermopathy (der-mop'-a-the) [dermo-; ir&Bos, dis- 
ease]. Any skin disease. 

dermophlebitis (der-mo-fleb-i'-tis) [dermo-; phleb- 
itis]. Inflammation of the cutaneous veins. 

dermophyma venereum (der-mo-fi'-mah ve-ne'- 
re-um). A soft tumor or excrescence, due to syphilis, 
and generally found on the surface of the genital 
organs or rectum. 

dermophyte {der' -mo-fit). See dermatophyte. 

dermoplasty; (der'-mo-plas-te). See dermatoplasty. 

dermorrhagia (der-mor-a'-je-ah). See dermator- 
rhagia. 

dermosapol (der-mo-sa'-poV). A soap said to con- 
tain perfumed cod-liver oil, Peruvian balsam, wool- 
fat, fat, glycerol, and alkali. To these, specifics may 
be added; it is used as an inunction in skin diseases, 
tuberculosis, etc. 

dermoskeleton (der-mo-skel'-et-on) [dermo-; <tkcX- 
ctop, a skeleton]. The exoskeleton. 

dermostenosis (der-mo-sten-o'-sis) [dermo-; arevu- 
<rw, stenosis]. A tightening of the skin, due to 
swelling or to disease. Cf. scleroderma. 

dermostosis (der-mos-to'-sis) [derm; bariov, a 
bone]. Ossification occurring in the true skin. 

dermosynovitis (der-mo-si-no-vi'-tis) [dermo-; syn- 
ovitis]. Inflammation of a subcutaneous bursa 
together with the adjacent skin. d. plantaris ulcer- 
osa, a severe suppuration in the sole of the foot which 
proceeds from inflammation of the bursa beneath 
a callosity and gives rise to a perforating ulcer. 

dermosyphilopathy (der-mo-sif-il-op'-a-the) [dermo-; 
syphilis; voBos, affection]. A syphilitic skin disease. 

dermotherapy (der-mo-ther'-ap-e). See dermato- 
therapy. 

dermotomy (der-mot'-o-me). See dermatotomy. 

derodidymus (der-o-did'-im-us) [Skprj, neck; Sidvuos, 
double]. A monstrosity with a single body, two 
necks and heads, two upper and lower extremities, 
with other rudimentary limbs occasionally! present. 

derospasmus (der-o-spaz'-mus) [dkprj, neck; <riraan6s, 
spasm]. Spasm or cramp in the neck. 

derrid (der' -id). A highly toxic substance from 
Derris elliptica, a leguminous plant of Malaya, used 
in Borneo as an arrow-poison; it kills fish in a dilution 
of i : 5,000,000. 

desalgin (des-al'-jin). Colloidal chloroform; an 
analgesic powder containing 25 per cent, chloroform 
combined with albumin. I k "*l 

desalination (de-sal-in-a'-shun) [de, from; sal, salt]. 
The process of decreasing the salinity of a substance 
by the removal of salts. 



DE SALLE'S LINE 



285 



DESULPHURATION 



De Salle's line. See Salle's {de) line. 

desanimania {des-an-im-a' -ne-ah) [de-; priv.; ani- 
mus, mind; pavia, mania]. Mindless insanity; 
amentia. 

Desault's apparatus, D.'s bandage {des-o') [Pierre 
Joseph Desault, French surgeon, I744 - I79S]. One 
for the arm, consisting of an axillary pad held by 
tapes about the neck, a sling for the hand, and two 
single-headed rollers. D.'s splint, one used in 
treating fracture of the thigh. 

Descartes' laws {da-kart') [Rene Descartes, French 
philosopher, 1596-1650]. See Snell's laws. 

Descemet's membrane {des-ma') [Jean Descemet, 
French anatomist, 1732-18 10]. The elastic mem- 
brane lining the posterior surface of the cornea. 

descemetitis {des-em-et-i'-tis). Inflammation of 
Descemet's membrane; serous iritis. 

descemetocele {des-em-ef -o-sel) [Descemet's mem- 
brane; Ki\\r\, hernia]. Hernia of Descemet's membrane. 
• descendens {de-sen' -denz) [descender e, to go down]. 
Downward, d. noni, a branch of the hypoglossal 
nerve. See under nerve. 

descending {de-sen' -ding) [see descendens]. Passing 
downward, d. current. See current, descending. 
d. degeneration. See degeneration, descending, d. 
tract, a collection of nerve-fibers conducting impulses 
from the centers to the periphery. 

descensus {de-sen'-sus) [L.]. A descent, fall, pro- 
lapse, d. ventriculi. See gaslroptosis. 

descent {de-sent') [see descendens]. The act of 
going down; downward motion, d., theory of, the 
theory that all higher organisms have descended 
by evolution from lower forms; as opposed to the 
theory of spontaneous generation or special creation. 
Cf. biogenesis; Darwinism; evolution. 

Deschamps' needle {da-shahm') [Joseph Francois 
Louis Deschamps, French surgeon, 1740-1824]. A 
needle on a long handle, used for passing sutures in 
deep tissues. 

Deshler's salve {desh'-ler). The compound rosin 
cerate of the pharmacopeia. 

desiccant {des'-ik-anl) [desiccare, to dry up]. 
1. Causing desiccation; drying. 2. A drying medi- 
cine or application. 

desiccation {des-ik-a'-shun). Process of drying. 

desiccative {des-ik'-a-tiv) [desiccare, to dry up]. 
1. Drying; desiccant. 2. A medicine or application 
having the property of drying moist tissues, ulcers 
and running sores. 

desiccator {des'-ik-a-tor) [see desiccant]. A vessel 
containing some strongly hygroscopic substance, 
such as calcium chloride or anhydrous sulphuric 
acid, and used to absorb the moisture from the air 
of a chamber. 

desichthol {des-ik'-thol). Deodorized ichthyol; a 
preparation produced from ichthyol by the removal 
of about 5 % of volatile oil, to which the disagreeable 
odor is due. 

desmameba {des-mah-me'-bah) [5e<r/i6i, a band; 
ameba]. A connective-tissue corpuscle considered 
as an ameboid element. 

desmatitis {des-mat-i'-tis). See desmitis. 

desmectasia, desmectasis {des-mek-ta'-se-ah, -mek'- 
ta-sis) [Sefffios, a band; Sktcutis, a stretching]. The 
stretching of a ligament. 

desmepithelium {des-mep-ith-e'-le-um) [Seafios, a 
band; epithelium]. The endothelial or epithelial 
lining of the blood-vessels, lymphatics, and synovial 
cavities; the epithelial portions of the mesoderm. 

desmiognathus {des-me-o-na' -thus) [deafws, a band; 
yvaBos, the jaw]. A monster, the lower jaw of which 
has a supplementary head joined to it by ligamentous 
or muscular attachment. 

desmitis {des-mi'-tis) [Seanos, a band; ins, in- 
flammation]. Inflammation of a ligament. 

desmo- {des-mo-) [Seanfc, a band]. A prefix 
meaning a band, bond, or ligament. 

desmobacteria {des-mo-bak-te' -re-ah) [desmo-; bac- 
teria]. A group of bacteria corresponding to the 
genus Bacilli. 

desmoblast {des' -mo-blast) [desmo-; pXao-ros, a 
germ]. Rouber's term for that portion of the area 
opaca of the blastoderm, especially in mesoblastic 
ova, which gives rise to the mesenchyma. Syn., 
desmoh emoblast. 

desmocyte {dez'-mo-sit). A general term denoting 
any kind of supporting tissue cell. 

desmocytoma {dez-mo-si-to'-ma) [desmocyte; 5fia, 
a tumor]. A tumor composed of desmocytes; sar- 
coma. 



Desmodium {des-mo' -de-um) [desmo-; elSos, form]. 
A genus of plants of the order Leguminosce. An 
infusion of the roots of D. erythryncefolium, of South 
America, is used in diarrhea and dysentery. The 
root of D. incanum, of the West Indies, is prized as a 
remedy for dysentery. The root of D. tortuosum, of 
North America and the West Indies, is purgative. 
D. triflorum is found in all tropical countries. The 
fresh plant is applied to abscesses and wounds. 

desmodynia {des-mo-din'-e-ah) [desmo-; 68vvt), 
pain]. Pain in a ligament. 

desmogenous {des-moj'-en-us) [desmo-; yevvav, to 
produce]. Of ligamentous origin or causation. 

desmography {des-mog'-ra-fe) [desmo-; ypcupeiv, 
to write]. The description of the ligaments. 

desmohemoblast {des-mo-hem'-o-blast). See desmo- 
blast. 

desmoid {des'-moid) [desmo-; eldos, likeness]. 
Like a ligament; fibrous, d. tumor, a fibroid tumor. 

desmology {des-mol'-o-je) [desmo-; \6yos, science]. 
The anatomy of the ligaments. Cf. syndesmography. 

desmoma {des-mo' -mah) [desmo-; opa, tumor]. 
A connective- tissue tumor; a fibroma. 

desmon {des'-mon) [Sea/zos, a band]. London's 
name for the intermediary body of Ehrlich; an 
amboceptor. 

desmoneoplasm {des-mo-ne' -o-plazm) [desmo-; neo- 
plasm]. Any neoplasm made up of connective tissue. 

desmonosology {des-mon-os-oV -o-je) . See desmo- 
pathology. 

desmopathology {des-mo-path-ol'-o-je) [desmo-; path- 
ology]. The pathology of ligaments. 

desmopathy {des-mop' -a-the) [desmo-; iraBos, dis- 
ease]. Any disease of a ligament. 

desmopexia {des-mo-peks'-e-ah) [desmo-; irjj£is, a 
putting together]. Fixation of the round ligaments 
to the abdominal wall or to the wall of the vagina 
for correction of uterine displacement. 

desmopycnosis, desmopyknosis {des-mo-pik-no'- 
sis) [desmo-; nwoxris, condensation]. Dudley's 
operation of shortening the round ligaments of the 
uterus. 

desmorrhexis {des-mor-eks'-is) [desmo-; pyfrs, a 
bursting]. _ The rupture of a ligament. 

desmosis {des-mo' -sis) [desmo-; pi., desmoses]. 
Any disease of connective tissue, especially of the 
connective tissue of the skin. 

desmotomy {des-mot'-o-me) [desmo-; rout, section]. 
The dissection and anatomy of the ligaments; 
surgical cutting of a ligament. 

desmotrophy {dez-mot'-ro-fe). See tautomerism. 

desmurgia, desmurgy {des-mur'-je-ah, des-mur'-je) 
[desmo-; ipyew, to do; to work]. The art of bandag- 
ing or applying ligatures. 

Desnos' pneumonia {da-no') [Louis Joseph Desnos, 
French physician, 1828-1893]. See Grancher's dis- 
ease. 

desolution {de-so-lu'-shun) [de, away from; solutio, 
solution]. The separation from one body of another 
dissolved in it under certain conditions which remove 
or diminish the solubility of the latter. 

despumation {des-pu-ma' -shun) [despumare, to 
skim froth]. The purification of a liquid by removal 
of the scum or froth. 

desquamation {des-kwam-a'-shun) [desquamare, to 
scale off]. The shedding of the superficial epithe- 
lium, as of the skin, mucous membranes, and renal 
tubules, d., furfuraceous, branny desquamation. 
desquamatio neonatorum, the epidermal exfoliation 
of newborn infants which takes place during the first 
week of life, desquamatio siliquosa, the shedding 
of the skin of a part in a continuous, husk-like 
structure. 

desquamative {des-kwam'-at-iv) [desquamation]. 
Characterized by desquamation. 

dessertspoon. A domestic measure equal to 
about 2 dr. (8 Cc). 

desternalization {de-ster-nal-i-za'-shun) [de, from; 
sternum]. Separation of the sternum from the 
costal cartilages. 

destructive {de-struk'-tiv). Hurtful; tending to 
destroy, d. distillation. See distillation, d. meta- 
bolism. See katabolism. 

desudation {des-u-da'-shun) [de, away; sudor e, to 
sweat]. 1. Profuse or morbid sweating. 2. Sud- 
amina. 

desudatory {de-su' -dat-or-e) [desudatio, a sweating]. 
A sweating-bath. 

desulphuration, desulphurization {de-sul-phur-a'- 
shun, de-sul-phur-i-za'-shun). The act or process of 



DESUMVERGENCE 



286 



DEVONSHIRE COLIC 



abstracting sulphur from a compound. Cf. sulphur- 
ation. 

desumvergence (de-sum-ver'-jenz) [desursum, from 
above; verger e, to turn]. A downward inclination of 
the eyes. 

det. Abbreviation for detur [L.]. Let it be given. 

detention (de-ten' -shun) [detinere, to detain]. The 
enforced isolation of one or more individuals to 
prevent the spread of infectious disease; confinement. 

detergal (de-ter' -gal). A proprietary liquid anti- 
septic soap containing cresol and thymol. 
■ detergent (de-ter' -jent) [deter gere, to cleanse], 
i. Purifying; cleansing; abluent. 2. A drug, com- 
pound, or solution used for cleansing wounds, ulcers, 
etc. 

determinant (de-ter' '-min-ant) [determinare, to 
limit]. Weismann's name for one of the particles 
of germ-plasm corresponding to a group of biophores; 
a primary constituent of a cell or group of cells. 

determination (de-ter -min-a' -shun) [deter minatio, 
a directing]. Of the blood, a tendency to collect in a 
part, as determination of the blood to the head. 

determinism (de-ter' -min-izm) [determinare, to 
limit, prescribe]. In biology, a term introduced by 
Claude Bernard to indicate the fatality of the 
reproduction of phenomena under similar conditions, 
as seen in experimental science. 

detersion (de-ter' -zhun) [deter gere, to cleanse]. 
The action of a detergent; a cleansing. 

detersive (de-ter '-siv). Same as detergent. 

dethyroidism (de-thi'-roid-izm). See athyrea and 
athyreosis. 

detonation (det-o-na'-shun) [detonare, to thunder]. 
The loud noise made by sudden chemical decompo- 
sition, as of the fulminates. Cf . fulminate. 

detorsion (de-tor' -shun) [detorquere, to turn]. 
The correction of an abnormal curvature; the restora- 
tion of a deformed part to its normal position. 

detoxication (de-toks-e-ka'-shun) [de, priv. ; to^lkov, 
poison]. 1. See detoxification. 2. Recovery from 
the poisonous effects of any substance. 

detoxification (de-toks-if-ik-a'-shun) [de, priv.; 
ro^iKbv, poison]. The power of reducing the 
poisonous properties of a substance. 

detoxify (de-toks'-e-fi). To deprive a substance 
of its poisonous attributes. 

detrital (de-tri'-tal). Consisting of or pertaining 
to detritus. 

detrition (de-trish'-un) [deter ere, to wear off]. The 
wearing or wasting of a part. 

detritus (de-tri'-tus) [see detrition]. Waste-matter 
from disorganization. 

detruncation (de-trun-ka'-shun). See decapitation. 

detrusion (de-tru'-zhun) [detrudere, to drive]. An 
ejection or expulsion; a thrusting or driving down or 
out. 

detrusor (de-tru'-sor) [detrudere, to push down]. 

1. A means or instrument for performing expulsion. 

2. A muscle having as its function the forcing down 
or out of parts or materials, d. urinae. See muscles, 
table of. 

detumescence (de-tu-mes'-ens) [detumescentia, a 
subsidence of a tumor]. 1. The subsidence of any 
swelling. 2. The impulse to evacuate the accumu- 
lated secretion of the sexual fluid (Ellis). 

deutencephalon (du-ten-sef -al-on) . See dience- 
phalon. 

deuter-, deutero- (du-ter-, du-ter-o-) [Sevrepos, 
second]. Greek prefixes indicating the second of 
two similar substances or conditions, especially that 
one which contains more of the substance. 

deuteranopia (du-ter-an-o'-pe-ah) [deuter-; anopia]. 
A defect in a second constituent essential for color- 
vision, as in green-blindness. 

deuteria (du-te'-re-ah). The secundines. 

deuteripara (du-ter -ip'-ar -ah) [deuter-; parere, to 
bring forth]. A woman pregnant for the second 
time. 

deuteroalbumose (du-ter-o-al'-bu-mos) . An albu- 
mose soluble in water and not precipitated by satura- 
tion with sodium chloride or magnesium sulphate, 
but by ammonium sulphate. 

deuteroelastose (du-ter-o-e-las'-tos) [Sevrepos, sec- 
ond; t\a<TTiK6s, elastic]. Elastin-peptone; one of 
the products of the digestion of elastin. It is not 
precipitable by saturation with sodium chloride. 

deuterofibrinose (du-ter-o-fi' -brin-os) . A product 
formed from blood-fibrin by digestion. 

deuteroglobulose (dil-ter-o-glob'-u-lds). One of 
the products formed in the digestion of paraglobulin. 



deuterology (du-ter-ol'-o-je) [deutero-; \6yos, sci- 
ence]. The biology of the placenta. 

deuteromyosinose (du-ter-o-mi-o'-sin-os). A pro- 
duct of myosin digestion. 

deuteropathic (du-ter-o-path' -ik) . Pertaining to a 
disease dependent on, or secondary to another. 

deuteropathy (dii-ter-op'-a-the) [deutero-; iraBos, a 
disease]. A disease that is secondary to another. 

deuteroplasm (du'-ter-o-plazm). See deutoplasm. 

deuteroproteose (du-ter-o-pro'-te-os). A secondary 
proteose; a soluble product of proteolysis. 

deuteroscopy (du-ter -os'-ko-pe) [Sevrepos, second; 
o-Konvelv, to view]. Synonym of clairvoyance. 

deuterostoma (du-ter-os'-to-mah) [deutero-; aropa, 
mouth]. A secondary blastopore. 

deuterotoxins (du-ter-o-toks'-ins). Dissociation 
products of toxins. 

deuthyalosome (du-thi-aV -o-som) [Sevrepos, second; 
va\6s, glass, crystal; o-upa, body]. The remains of 
the germinal vesicle after the polar bodies have 
been extruded, formed by the union of portions of 
the chromatic stars or discs with portions of the 
prothyalosome. 

deutiodide (du-ti'-o-did). A biniodide. 

deutipara (du-tip'-ar-ah) [Sevrepos, second; parere, 
to bear]. A woman pregnant for the second time. 

deutochloride (du-to-klo'-rid). The bichloride. 

deutoiodide (du-to-i'-o-dld). The biniodide. 

deutoplasm (du'-to-plazm) [deutero-; w\(urp.a, formed 
material]. A store of nutrient material in the ovum, 
from which the protoplasm draws to support it» 
growth. 

deutosclerous (du-to-skle'-rus) [deutero-; aic\r)p6sr 
hard]. Relating to an induration secondary to- 
some pathologic condition. 

deutoscolex (du-to-sko'-leks) [Sevrepos, second; 
o-Kw\y£, worm]. In biology, applied to secondary or 
daughter-cysts or bladder-worms that are derived 
from a scolex or primary bladder-worm. 

deutospermatoblast (du-to-sper' -ma-to-blast) [deu- 
tero-; o-irepp.a, sperm; p\ao-r6s, germ]. Any one of the 
cells produced by the division of a protospermo- 
blast. 

deutyl (du'-til). See ethyl. 

devalgate (de-val'-gat) [de, intensive; valgus, bow- 
leg]. Bowlegged or bandylegged. 

devaporation (de-va-por-a'-shun). To bring vapor 
back to the liquid state. 

developer (de-vel'-op-er). A chemical compound 
employed in photography to reduce the metallic 
salts and to render visible the image upon an exposed 
plate. 

development (de-veV -op-ment) [Fr., developper, to 
unfold]. The sequence of organic changes, by 
which the fertilized ovum becomes the mature animal 
or plant. 

Deventer's diameter [Hendrik a Deventer, Dutch 
obstetrician, 1651-1724]. The oblique pelvic dia- 
meter. D.'s pelvis, a simple, nonrhachitic pelvis, 
flattened from before backward. 

Devergie's attitude (de-ver-zhe') [Marie Guillaume 
Alphonse Devergie, French physician, 1 798-1 879]- 
A posture of a dead body marked by flexions of the 
elbows and knees, with closure of the fingers and 
extension of the ankles. D.'s disease, lichen ruber. 

deviation (de-ve-a'-shun) [deviare, to deviate]. 
Turning from a regular course, standard, or position. 
c, conjugate, the forced and persistent turning of 
eyes and head toward one side, observed with some 
lesions of the cerebrum, d. of complement, see under 
complement, d., primary, the deviation of the 
weaker eye from that position that would make its 
visual line pass through the object-point of the 
healthy eye. d., secondary, the deviation of the 
healthy eye from that position that would make its 
visual line pass through the object-point of the weaker 
eye. d. of teeth, a faulty direction or position of 
one or more teeth. 

deviometer (de-ve-om'-et-er). A variety of strabis- 
mometer. 

devisceration (de-vis-er-a'-shun). See evisceration. 

devitalize (de-vi'-tal-iz) [de, from; vita, Ufe]. To 
destroy vitality. 

devitrifaction, devitrification (de-vit-re-fak'-shun, 
de-vit-re-fi-ka'-shun) [de, priv.; vitrum, glass; facer e, 
to make]. To change from the glass-like state. 

devolution (dev-o-lu' -shun) [devolvere, to roll down]. 
1. The reverse of evolution; involution. 2. Cata- 
bolism. 3- Degeneration. 

Devonshire colic (dev'-on-shir). Lead-colic. 



DEVORATIVE 



287 



DIABETIC 



devorative (de-vor'-at-iv) [devorare, to swallow 
down]. Intended to be swallowed without chewing. 

Dew's method of artificial respiration (du). The 
infant is grasped in the left hand, allowing the 
neck to rest between the thumb and forefinger, the 
head falling far over backward. The upper portion 
of the back and the scapula? rest in the palm of the 
hand, the other three fingers being inserted in the 
babe's left axilla, raising the arm upward and out- 
ward. The right hand grasps the knees, and the 
lower portion of the body is depressed to favor 
inspiration. The movement is reversed to favor 
expiration, the head, shoulders, and chest being 
brought forward and the thighs pressed upon the 
abdomen. 

dew-cure (du'-kur). See Kneippism. 

Dewees' carminative (du-e.z') [William Potts 
Dewees, American obstetrician, 1768-1841]. See 
under asafetida. 

dewlap {.du'-lap). A longitudinal fold of skin 
under the neck of bovine animals. 

dew-point. The temperature at which the air is 
saturated with vapor; the temperature at which 
dew forms. 

dexiocardia (deks-e-o-kar'-de-ah) [8e£i6s, on the 
right; KapSia, the heart]. Transposition of the 
heart to the right side of the thorax. 

dexter (deks'-ter) [L.]. Right; upon the right side. 

dextrad {deks'-trad) [dexter; ad, to]. Toward the 
right side. 

dextral (deks'-tral). 1. Pertaining to the right 
side. 2. Showing preference for the right eye, hand, 
foot, etc., in certain acts or functions. 

dextrality (deks-tral'-it-e) [dexter]. The condition 
of turning toward, being on, or pertaining to the 
right side. 

dextran (deks'-tran) [dexter], CeHioOg. A stringy, 
gummy substance formed in milk by the action 
of bacteria, and also occurring in unripe beet- 
root. 

dextraural (deks-iraw'-ral) [dexter; auris, the ear]. 
Right-eared. 

dextren (deks'-tren) [dexter, right]. Belonging to 
the dextral side in itself. 

dextrin (deks'-trin) [dexter], CeHioOs. A soluble 
carbohydrate into which starch is converted by 
diastase or dilute acids. It is a whitish substance, 
turning the plane of polarization to the right, d., 
animal, glycogen. 

dextrinase (deks'-trin-as) . A ferment which 
converts starch into isomaltose. 

dextrinate {deks'-triu-at). To change into dextrin. 

dextrinuria {deks-trin-u'-re-alri) [dextrin; olpov, 
urine]. The presence of dextrin in the urine. 

dextro- (deks-tro-) [dexter], A prefix meaning 
right. 

dextrocardia (deks-tro-kar'-de-ah) [dextro-; KapSia, 
heart]. Transposition of the heart to the right side 
of the thorax. 

dextrocardia! {deks-tro-kar'-de-al) [see dextrocardia]. 
Having the heart to the right of the median line. 

dextrocerebral (deks-tro-ser'-e-bral) [dextro-; cere- 
brum, the brain]. 1. Located in the right cerebral 
hemisphere. 2. Functionating preferentially with 
the right side of the brain. 

dextrococaine (deks-tro-ko'-kah-en). An artificial 
alkaloid obtained by heating ecgonine or its derivative 
with strong alkali. It is a local anesthetic and 
stimulant, in action similar to cocaine, but more 
rapid, irritating, and fugitive. Syn., isococaine. 

dextrocompound (deks-tro-com' -pound). In chem- 
istry, a compound body that causes a ray of polarized 
light to rotate to the right, a dextrorotatory com- 
pound. 

dextrocular (deks-trok'-u-lar) [dextro-; oculus, the 
eye]. Right-eyed. 

dextrocularity (deks-trok-u-lar'-it-e). The condi- 
tion of being right-eyed. 

dextroduction (deks-tro-duk'-shun) [dexter, right; 
ducere, to draw]. Movement of the visual axis 
toward the right. 

dextroform (deks'-iro-form). A combination of 
formaldehyde and dextrin, soluble in water and 
glycerol. It is used internally in suppurating cystitis 
and in the treatment of gonorrhea in applications of 
10 to 20 % solutions. 

dextroglucose (deks-lro-glu'-kos). See dextrose. 

dextrogyrate (deks-tro-ji'-rdt). Same as dextro- 
rotatory. 

dextrogyre (deks-tro-jir') [dextro-; gyrare, to turn 



around]. A substance producing rotation to the 
right. 

dextromanual (deks-tro-man'-u-al) [dextro-; manus, 
hand]. Right-handed. 

dextromanuality (deks-tro-man-u-al'-it-e). The con- 
dition of being right-handed. 

dextromenthol (deks-tro-men'-thol). Menthol oxi- 
dized by chromic acid. 

dextropedal (deks-trop'-ed-al) [dextro-; pes, foot]. 
Right-footed. 

dextropedality (deks-trop-ed-al'-it-e). The con- 
dition of being right-footed. 

dextrophoria (deks-tro-fo'-re-ah) [dextro-; <£6pos, 
tending]. A tending of the visual lines to the right. 

dextrorotatory {deks-tro-ro'-tat-o-re) [dextro-; rotare, 
to whirl]. Turning the rays of light to the right. 

dextrosaccharin {deks-tro-sak' -ar-in) . A mixture 
of saccharin and dextrose 1 : 2000. 

dextrose (deks'-tros) [dexter], C6H12O6. Grape- 
sugar; a sugar belonging to the glucose group, 
that rotates polarized light to the right. See glucose. 

dextrosinistral (deks-tro-sin-is'-tral) [dextro-; sin- 
ister, left]. Extending from right to left. 

dextrosuria (deks-tros-u'-re-ah) [dextrose; ovpov, 
urine]. The presence of dextrose in the urine. Cf. 
levulosuria; pentosuria. 

dextrotorsion (deks-lro-tor'-shun) [dextro-; torquere, 
to twist]. A twisting to the right. 

dextroversion (deks-tro-ver'-zhun) [dextro-; vertere, 
to turn]. Version to the right side. 

dezymotize (de-zi'-mo-tlz) [de, priv.; fu/«7. leaven]. 
To free from ferments or germs. 

dhatureas (dah-tu'-re-as). Professional poisoners 
of India who employ the Datura fastulosa. 

dhobie itch (do'-be). A Hindu name for ringworm 
of the body. 2. A popular term in the tropics, to 
indicate any skin disease transmitted by the clothing. 

dhooley {doo'-le). A covered stretcher used in 
India. 

dhurrin (dur'-in). A glucoside derived from 
dhurra and occurring in young plants f Sorghum 
vulgar e (dhurra or Guinea corn]). 

D. Hy. Abbreviation for Doctor of Hygiene. 

di- [dls, twice]. A prefix signifying two or twice. 

diabete bronze (de-a-bat '-bron-za') [Fr.]. Same 
as bronzed diabetes. 

diabetes (di-ab-e'-te ) [Sia/S^s; 5id, through; 
fiaiveiv, to go]. A disease characterized by the 
habitual discharge of an excessive quantity of urine; 
used without qualification, the word indicates 
diabetes mellitus. Syn., diarrhaa urinosa. See 
Unschuld's sign, d., alimentary, that due to defec- 
tive assimilative power over the carbohydrates 
of food, d., alternating, a form of diabetes mellitus 
alternating with gout, d., artificial, that form pro- 
duced in the physiological laboratory by puncturing 
the floor of the fourth ventricle of the brain, d., 
azoturic, diabetes without glycosuria accompanied 
by increase of urea in the urine, d., bili ry. See 
biliary diabetes, d., bronzed, diabetes in association 
with hemochromatosis, q. v. d., composite, that :n 
which sugar and oxybutyric acid and its derivatives 
are discharged in the urine, d., conjugal. See 
conjugal diabetes, d. decipiens, diabetes mellitus 
in which there is no polyuria or polydipsia, d., 
gouty, a form of glycosuria occurring in gouty in i- 
viduals. d., hydruric, polyuria in which the water 
in the urine is in excess without increase in the solid 
constituents of the urine, d. inositus, diabetes 
mellitus in which inosit takes the place of grape- 
sugar, d. insipidus, a chronic disease characterized 
by the passage of a large quantity of normal urine 
of low specific gravity, associated with intense thirst. 
d. mellitus, a nutritional disease characterized by 
the passage of a large quantity of urine containing 
sugar; there is intense thirst, with voracious appetite, 
progressive loss of flesh and strength, and a tendency 
to a fatal termination, d., neurogenic, that due to 
disorder of the nervous system, d., pancreatic, a 
variety of glycosuria associated with and probably 
dependent upon disease of the pancreas, d., phlorid- 
zin, that form produced in animals by the adminis- 
tration of phloridzin. d., phosphatic, a condition 
characterized by polyuria, polydipsia, emaciation, 
and excessive excretion of phosphates in the urine. 
d., puncture. See d., artificial, d., renal, a form 
due to abnormal permeability of the kidneys to sugar. 

diabetic (di-ab-et'-ik) [diabetes]. 1. Pertaining to 
diabetes. 2. A person suffering from diabetes. 
d. cataract, an opacity of the crystalline lens some- 



DIABETICO 



288 



DIAMETER 



times found in association with diabetes, d. center. 
See center, d. coma, the coma caused by diabetes 
mellitus. d. gangrene, a moist gangrene sometimes 
occurring in persons suffering from diabetes, d. 
puncture, puncture of the diabetic center, which is 
followed by glycosuria, d. sugar, C6H12O6, the 
glucose present in the urine in diabetes mellitus. It 
is identical with grape-sugar, d. tabes, a peripheral 
neuritis occurring in diabetic patients, and causing 
symptoms resembling tabes dorsalis. d. urine, urine 
containing sugar. 

diabetico (di-ab-et'-ik-o). A beverage recom- 
mended in diabetes, said to consist of alcohol, 8.25 %; 
extractive, 3.27 %', glycerol, 0.82 %; saccharine, 
0.023%; sulphuric acid, 0.036%; tartaric acid, 
0.56 %; phosphoric acid, 0.025 %. 

diabetide (di-ab-e'-ted) [diabetes]. A cutaneous 
manifestation of diabetes. 

diabetin {di-ab-e' -tin) [diabetes]. A trade name for 
levulose. 

diabetogenic, diabetogenous (di-ab-et-o-jen'-ik, di- 
ab-et-oj'-en-us) [diabetes; yewav, to produce]. Caus- 
ing diabetes. 

diabetrogaph (di-ab-et'-o-graf) [diabetes; ypiufreiv, 
to write]. An instrument which registers the 
amount of glucose present in the urine which is 
dropped into it in boiling FehMng's solution. 

diabetometer (di-ab-e-tom'-et-er) [diabetes; n'erpov, 
a measure]. A polariscope for ascertaining the 
proportion of sugar in diabetic urine. 

diaboleptic (di-ab-o-lep'-tik) [5i<40oXos, devil; 
\an0aveiv, to seize]. An insane or deluded person 
who professes to have supernatural communica- 
tions. 

diabrosis {di-ab-ro'-sis) [see diabrotic]. Corrosion; 
erosion, or ulceration. 

diabrotic (di-ab-rot'-ik) [5ta0pom/c6s; 5ta, through; 
/3t/3pwo-*c€U', to eat]. 1. Corrosive. 2. A corrosive 
substance. _ 

diacaustic (di-ak-aws'-tik) [Si&, through; jcauffrucos, 
caustic]. 1. A double convex cauterizing lens. 2. 
Exceedingly caustic. 

diacele, diaccele (di'-as-el) [Si a, between; KoLKri, a 
hollow]. The third ventricle of the brain. 

diacetanilide (di-as-et-an'-il-id), CeHsN^HaO^. 
A compound of acetanilide and glacial acetic acid 
closely resembling, but stronger in physiological 
action than, acetanilide. 

diacetate (di-as'-et-at). A salt of diacetic acid. 

diacetemia (di-as-e-te'-me-ah) [diacetic acid; alfia, 
blood]. Acidosis due to the presence of diacetic 
acid in the blood. 

diacetic acid (di-as-e'-tik). See acid, diacetic. 

diacetin (di-as'-et-in) CsHsCOH) (C2H 3 2 )2. A 
liquid derivative of glycerin, with a bitter taste. 
It is also called acetidin. 

diacetonuria (di-as-et-on-u'-re-ah). See diaceturia. 

diaceturia (di-as-et-u'-re-ah) [di, two; acetum, 
vinegar; ovpov, urine]. The presence of diacetic 
acid in the urine. 

diachorema (di-ak-o-re'-mah) [Siax&pijpa, excre- 
ment]. Fecal matter; excrement. 

diachoresis (di-ak-o-re'-sis) [5iaxo>pr)<ns, a passing 
through]. Excretion or passage of feces. 

diachoretic (di-ak-o-ret'-ik) [diachoresis]. Laxa- 
tive; aperient. 

diachylon {di-ak' -il-on) [5i&, through; x«^°s. juice]. 
Lead-plaster. See plumbi oxidum under plumbum. 

diacid {di-as'-id) [di, two; acidus, acid]. Having 
two atoms of hydrogen replaceable by a base. 

diaclasia, diaclasis {di-ak-la'-ze-ah, di-ak' -la-sis) 
[SiaK\affis, a breaking in two]. 1. Refraction. 2. 
Breaking a bone, intentionally. 

diaclast {di'-ak-last) [8iaK\ai>, to break apart]. 
An instrument for breaking the fetal head. 

diaclastic (di-ak-las'-tik). Pertaining to diaclasis. 

diacoele, diaccelia {di'-as-el, di-as-e' -le-aln) . See 
diacele. 

diacope {di-ak' -o-pe) [5id, through; kowt), a cut]. 
A deep, incised wound, especially of the head or 
skull; a lengthwise fracture or cut, as of a bone. 

diacoustics {di-ak-oos'-tiks) [5i&, through; 6.kovuv, 
to hear]. The department of physics which treats 
of the refraction of sound. Syn., diaphon. 

diacrisiography (di-ak-riz-e-og'-ra-fe). An anatomic 
description of the secretory organs. 

diacrisis {di-ak' -ris-is) [81&, a part; Kplveiv, to 
separate or secrete; pi., diacrises], 1. A critical 
discharge. 2. A change or disorder in a secretion. 
3. Any disease marked by altered secretions, d., 



follicular, an alteration of the secretion of follicular 
glands, due to disease. 

diacritic, diacritical {di-ak-ril'-ik, di-ak-rit' -ik-al) . 
Diagnostic, distinctive. 

diactinic {di-ak-tin'-ik). Capable of transmitting 
actinic rays. 

diad {di'-ad) [di, two]. 1. Having a quantivalence 
of two. 2. An element or radical having a quanti- 
valence of two. 3. A unit made up of primary units 
which are differentiated into parts, but yet constitute 
an individual; e. g., a morula. 

diaderm {di'-a-derm) [U%, two; bkpp.a, skin]. 
The two plates or lamina of the two primitive germ- 
layers, the ectoderm and entoderm taken as one. 

diadexis {di-ad-ek'-sis) [5ia5e£«, metastasis]. 
Metastasis of a disease, with a change of its character; 
change in the seat and nature, of a disease. 

diadokokinesia (di-ah-dok-o-kin-e'-se-ah) [SiaSo/cos, 
succeeding; kIvt)<tis, motion]. The normal power 
of performing alternating movements in rapid 
succession, e. g., pronation and supination. 

diagnose (di'-ag-noz) [diagnosis]. To make a 
diagnosis of; to recognize. 

diagnosis (di-ag-no'-sis) [5id, apart; yvcbtns, 
knowledge]. The determination of the nature of a 
disease, d., anatomical. 1. A diagnosis based 
upon the recognition of definite anatomical alterations 
lying back of the phenomena. 2. A postmortem 
diagnosis, d., differential, the distinguishing be- 
tween two diseases of similar character by comparing 
their symptoms, d. by exclusion, the recognition 
of a disease by excluding all other known conditions. 
d., pathological, the diagnosis of the structural 
lesions present in a disease, d., physical, the deter- 
mination of disease by inspection, palpation, percus- 
sion, or auscultation, d., topographical, that based 
upon the seat of a lesion. 

diagnostic {di-ag-nos'-tik) [diagnosis]. Serving as 
evidence in diagnosis. 

diagnosticate {di-ag-nos'-tik-at) [diagnosis]. To 
make a diagnosis. 

diagnostician {di-ag-nos-tish'-an) [diagnosis]. One 
skilled in making diagnoses. 

diagnostics (di-ag-nos'-tiks) [diagnosis]. The sci- 
ence and art of diagnosis. 

diagnostitial {di-ag-nos-tish'-al). Procedure having 
a diagnostic purpose. 

diagometer {di-ag-om'-et-er) . An electroscope for 
determining the relative conductivity of bodies. 

diagraph (di'-ag-raf) [5i&, through; ypiupeiv, to 
record]. An apparatus for recording the outlines of 
a part. 

diahydric (di-ah-hi'-drik) [Sid, through; vSwp, 
water]. Relating to transmission through water, 
as a percussion-note through a stratum of interposed 
fluid. 

dialysate {di-al'-is-at). A product taken from a 
solution by dialysis. 

dialysis {di-al'-is-is) [5ia, through; \ieiv, to loose]. 
1. The separation of parts in general. 2. A loss of 
strength; dissolution. 3. The separation of several 
substances from one another in solution by taking 
advantage of their differing diffusibility through 
porous membranes. Those that pass through readily 
are termed crystalloids, those that do not, colloids. 

dialytic {di-al-it'-ik) [dialysis]. 1. Pertaining to 
or similar to the process of dialysis. 2. Producing 
relaxation (said of a remedy). 3. A condition of 
divergent change or evolution. 

dialyzable (di-al-i'-za-bl). Capable of being separ- 
ated by diffusion. 

dialyzed {di'-al-izd) [dialysis]. Separated by 
dialysis, d. raw meat, a reddish fluid with a slightly 
acid or bitter taste, prepared from fresh beef or 
mutton to which are added 200 Gm. of water, 5 
Gm. of hydrochloric acid, and 2 Gm. of pepsin; the 
whole is boiled at 38 C. for 5 or 6 hours. 

dialyzer {di'-al-i-zer) [dialysis]. An apparatus for 
effecting dialysis; also the porous septum or dia- 
phragm of such an apparatus. 

diamagnetic {di-ah-mag-net'-ik) [Si&, across; mag- 
net]. Taking a position at right angles to the lines 
of magnetic force, d. bodies, bodies not susceptible 
of being magnetized. 

diameter {di-am'-et-er) [81&, through; pkrpov, a 
measure]. A straight line joining opposite points of a 
body or figure and passing through its center, d., 
craniometric, one of several lines connecting points 
on opposite surfaces of the cranium, biparietal, 
that joining the parietal eminences; bitemporal, that 



DIAMETRIC 



289 



DIAPLASTIC 



joining the extremities of the coronal suture; occi- 
pitofrontal, that joining the root of the nose and the 
most prominent point of the occiput; occipitomental, 
that joining the external occipital protuberance and 
the chin; trachelobregmatic, that joining the center of 
the anterior fontanel and the junction of the neck 
and floor of the mouth, d., pelvic, any one of the 
diameters of the pelvis. The most important are 
the following: anteroposterior (of pelvic inlet), that 
which joins the sacrovertebral angle and the pubic 
symphysis; anteroposterior (of pelvic outlet), that 
which joins the tip of the coccyx with the subpubic 
ligament; conjugate, the anteroposterior diameter of 
the pelvic inlet; conjugate, diagonal, that connecting 
the sacrovertebral angle and subpubic ligament; 
conjugate, external, that connecting the depression 
above the spine of the first sacral vertebra and the 
middle of the upper border of the symphysis pubis; 
conjugate, true, that connecting the sacrovertebral 
angle and the most prominent portion of the posterior 
aspect of the symphysis pubis; transverse (of pelvic 
inlet) , that connecting the two most widely separated 
points of the pelvic inlet; transverse (of pelvic outlet), 
that connecting the ischial tuberosities. 

diametric (di-am-et'-rik). i. Of, pertaining to, or 
coinciding with a diameter — extremely opposed. 
d. pupil, one which constitutes a vertical slit, as is 
the case after two iridectomies, one upward and the 
other downward. 

diamide (di'-am-id) [di, two; amide]. A double 
amide formed by replacing hydrogen in two ammonia 
molecules by an acid radical. See hydrazin. 

diamine (di'-am-in) [di, two; amine]. An amine 
formed by replacing hydrogen in two molecules of 
ammonia by a hydrocarbon radical. See amine. 

diaminodlhydroxyarsenodibenzene (di-am-i' -no-di- 
hi-drok' ' -se-di-ar-se' ' -no-di-ben-zen) NH2 . OH . C6H3 .- 
As = As . CeHs . OH . NH2. The correct name for 
arsenobenzol or "606." 

diaminuria (di-am-in-u'-re-ah) [diamine; ovpov, 
urine]. The presence of diamine compounds in the 
urine. 

diamotosis (di-am-o-to'-sis) [Sid, through; hotos, 
lint]. The packing of a wound or sore with lint. 

diapason (di-ap-as'-on) [5iaira<ru>v, concord]. A 
tuning fork used to determine deafness, and in the 
diagnosis of ear diseases. 

diapedesis (di-ah-ped-e'-sis) [5td, through; irr)8av, 
to leap]. The passage of the blood or of its formed 
elements, particularly the red corpuscles, through the 
unruptured vessel-walls. 

diapedetic (di-ap-ed-et'-ik). Relating to diapedesis. 

diaphane (di'-af-an) [Sia, through; Qalveiv, to 
show]. 1. A transparent investing membrane of 
an organ or cell. 2. A small electric lamp used in 
transillumination. 

diaphaneity (di-af-an-e'-it-e). Transparency. 

diaphanometer (di-af-an-om'-et-er). An instru- 
ment for observing the transparency of fluids. See 
also lactoscope. 

diaphanoscope (di-af-an'-o-skop) [bia^av-qs, trans- 
lucent; ffKoirelv, to inspect]. An instrument for 
illuminating the interior of a body-cavity so as to 
render the boundaries of the cavity visible from the 
exterior. 

diaphanoscopy {di-af-an-os'-ko-pe) [see diaphano- 
scope]. Examination of body-cavities by means of 
an introduced incandescent electric light. 

diaphanous (di-af'-an-us) [Sid, through; <paLveiv, 
to shine]. Transmitting light; translucent, d. test 
of death, the normal red color of the finger-tips when 
held toward the light is not present in death. 

diaphemetric (di-af-em-et'-rik) [5td, through; iufrii, 
touch; fierpov, measure]. Pertaining to measure- 
ments of tactile sensibility. . 

diaphoresis (di-ah-for-e'-sis) [Sid, through; <f>tpelv, 
to carry]. Perspiration, especially perceptible per- 
spiration. 

diaphoretic (di-ah-for-et'-ik) [diaphoresis]. 1. Caus- 
ing an increase of perspiration. 2. A medicine that 
induces diaphoresis. 

diaphotoscope {di-ah-fo' -to-skop) [Sid, through; 
0ws, light; <TKoireZi>, to inspect]. A variety of endoscope. 

diaphragm (di'-af-ram) [5id, across; <ppayna, wall]. 
1. The wall, muscular at the circumference and 
tendinous at the center, that separates the thorax 
and abdomen. The chief muscle of respiration and 
expulsion. See muscles, table of. 2. A thin septum 
such as is used in dialysis. 3. In microscopy, an 
apparatus placed between the mirror and object to 
11 



regulate the amount of light that is to pass through 
the object, d., central stop, in microscopy, a dia- 
phragm having a circular slit just within its margin 
the center remaining opaque, d., condensing, a 
diaphragm containing lenses for converging the light- 
rays. Cf. Abbe's condenser,, d., cylindrical, in micro- 
scopy, a piece of substage apparatus fitted with 
perforated stops, each allowing a different amount of 
light to pass, d., graduating, one which allows a 
concentric increase or diminution of light. See d., 
iris, d., inferior, the vertical part of the diaphragm. 
Syn., musculus diaphragmaticus minor, d. iris, a 
device for changing or regulating the amount of light 
directed upon an object under the microscope, d. 
opening. The opening in the disc or apparatus of a 
microscope through which the rays of light pass. 
d., pelvic. 1. See levator ani, in table of muscles. 
2. The levatores ani and the coccygei muscles com- 
bined; also called perineal, and rectal diaphragm. 
d., perineal. See d., pelvic, d.-phenomenon. See 
diaphragmatic phenomenon, d., plate, the ordinary 
perforated plate or simple shutter diaphragm, d., 
rectal. See d., pelvic, d., superior, the horizontal 
part of the diaphragm. Syn., musculus diaphrag- 
maticus major, d., thoracoabdominal, that separat- 
ing the thoracic and abdominal cavities. 

diaphragma (di-ah-frag'-mah) [L.]. 1. See dia- 
phragm. 2. The velum of the hydromedusce. d. auris. 
See membrane, tympanic, d. cerebri. See septum 
lucidum. d. hypophyseos. See d. sella., d. narium, 
the septum of the nose. d. oris, the mylohyoid 
muscle. d. pelvicum, d. pelvis. See diaphragm, 
pelvic, d. pharyngis. See velum pendulum palati. 
d. sella?, a shelf -like process at the base of the skull 
given off by the dura and forming a roof for the 
pituitary fossa; it is perforated for the passage of the 
infundibulum. Syn., d. hypophyseos. d. urogenitale, 
the inferior layer of the deep perineal fascia. d. 
ventriculorum lateralium. See septum lucidum. 

diaphragmalgia {di-af-rag-maV -je-ah) [diaphragm; 
a\yos, pain]. Pain in the diaphragm. 

diaphragmatalgia {di-af-rag-mat-aV -je-ah) [dia- 
phragm; aXyos, pain]. Pain in or neuralgia of the 
diaphragm. See diaphragmodynia. 

diaphragmatic (di-ah-frag-mat'-ik) [diaphragm]. 
Relating to the diaphragm, d. phenomenon, 
Lit ten's sign: in a state of health there can be seen a 
shadow rising and falling from the vertebral column 
to the attachment of the diaphragm from the seventh 
rib to the convexity; this movement can be seen 
through the thoracic walls, and shows the intensity 
of respiration and the limit of the diaphragm be- 
tween its position on inspiration and that on expira- 
tion. The upper position corresponds to the liver- 
margin in the state of rest. Deviations of the extent 
of movement mark certain pathological states. 

diaphragmatitis (di-af-rag-mat-i'-tis) [diaphragm; 
itvs, inflammation]. Inflammation of the diaphragm. 

diaphragmatocele (di-ah-frag-mat'-o-sel) [dia- 
phragm; (07X77, hernia]. Hernia of a viscus through 
the diaphragm. 

diaphragmitis (di-af-rag-mi'-tis). See diaphrag- 
matitis. 

diaphragmodynia {di-af-rag-mo-din'-e-ah) [dia- 
phragm; odwrj, pain]. Pain in the diaphragm. 

diaphtherin {di-af -ther-in) [5ia<f>deLpeLv, to de- 
stroy]. Oxyquinaseptol; a coal-tar derivative com- 
posed of two molecules of oxyquinolin and one of 
aseptol. It is a yellow powder, with a phenol-like 
odor, and is used as an antiseptic in solutions varying 
in strength from 1 to 50 %. 

diaphtol (di-af'-tol), C9H7O4SN. Orthooxyquinolin- 
metasulphonic acid. It is used in internal disinfec- 
tion of the urinary tract in place of salol. Syn., 
chinaseptol; quinaseptol. 

diaphylactic (di-af-il-ak'-tik) [8t.a4>v\aKTiK6s, pre- 
serving]. Same as prophylactic. 

diaphysis (di-af -is-is) [5id, through; tpveodai, to 
grow]. 1. The shaft of a long bone. 2. An inter- 
space. 3. A prominent part of a bony process. 
4. A ligament of the knee-joint. 

diaphysitis (di-af -iz-i'-tis) [diaphysis; it«, inflam- 
mation]. Inflammation of a diaphysis. 

diaplasis (di-ap' -las-is) [5idxXa<ns, the setting 
of a broken limb]. Reduction, as of a dislocation or 
fracture. 

diaplastic (di-ah-plas'-tik) [diaplasis]. 1. Relating 
to the setting of a fracture or reduction of a dis- 
location. 2. Any application for a fracture or 
dislocation. 



DIAPLEX 



290 



DIASTEMATORRHACHIA 



diaplex, diaplexus (di'-ap-leks, di-ap-leks'-us) [Sia, 
between; plexus, a network]. The choroid plexus 
of the third ventricle or diacele. 

diapophysial (di-ap-off-iz'-e-al) [Sia, apart; &ir6- 
<j>vais, an outgrowth]. Relating to a diapophysis. 

diapophysis (di-ap-off'-is-is) [Sid, apart; &ir6<f>v<ns, 
an outgrowth]. The superior or articular part of a 
transverse process of a vertebra. 

diapyema (di-ap-i-e'-mah) [Sid, through; -kvov, pus: 
pi., diapyemata]. An abscess. 

diapyesis (di-ap-i-e'-sis) [Sid, through; irirqavs, sup- 
puration]. Suppuration. 

diapyetic (di-ap-i-et'-ik) [diapyesis], i. Promoting 
diapyesis or suppuration. 2. A suppurative. 

diarius (di-a'-re-us) [dies, a day]. Enduring but a 
single day. 

diarrhea, diarrhoea (di-ar-e'-ah) [Sid, through; pelv, 
to flow]. A condition characterized by increased 
frequency and lessened consistence of the fecal 
evacuations, d., atonic. See d., camp, and d., 
chronic, d., atrophic. See d., colliquative, d., 
camp, a form of diarrhea common among soldiers. 
The discharges are apt to be purulent, and there 
is liability to thickening and ulceration of the colon. 
Syn., atonic diarrhea, diarrhoea carnosa, dysentery 
in which flesh-like masses are passed, d., catarrhal. 
1. A form which is often epidemic at times when 
catarrhs are prevalent. 2. That of catarrhal 
gastritis or enteritis. Syn., diarrhoea acuta serosa 
■mucosa; diarrhoea pituitosa; mucous colitis; phleg- 
matic diarrhea; rheumatic diarrhea, d., choleraic, 
severe, acute diarrhea with serous stools, and accom- 
panied by vomiting and collapse, d., chronic, that 
characterized by continuous and intractable dis- 
charges, often offensive, bloody, or containing un- 
digested food. It occurs as a manifestation of an 
intestinal lesion or of a constitutional disease. Syn., 
atonic diarrhea; diarrhoea habitualis; mucous colitis. 
d., colliquative, that characterized by excessively 
frequent and copious discharges and extreme pros- 
tration, and occurring, as a rule, toward the close 
of a chronic disease. Syn., atrophic diarrhea, d., 
crapulous, that due to excessive eating or drinking. 
d., critical, that occurring at the crisis of a disease. 
d., feculent. See d., simple, d., green, a form oc- 
curring in infants and marked by green alvine dis- 
charges. It is infectious and due to the bacillus of 
Lesage, or Bacillus fluorescens nonliquefaciens. d., 
inflammatory, that caused by congestion of the 
intestinal mucosa following sudden chilling of the 
body-surface, suppression of perspiration or men- 
struation. It frequently constitutes the socalled 
cholera infantum and sthenic diarrhea, d., lienteric, 
a form of diarrhea characterized by the passage of 
fluid stools containing masses of undigested food. 
d., membranous, a form characterized by the presence 
of mucous shreds in the stools. It may be chronic 
or subacute, and alternate with constipation. Hys- 
terical symptoms, griping, and abdominal tenderness 
are often present. Syn., tubular diarrhea, d., 
mucous. See colitis, mucous, d., pancreatic, a 
persistent form in which the discharges are thin and 
viscid. It is supposed to depend upon disease of the 
pancreas, d., parasitic, a diarrhea incited by the 
presence of intestinal parasites. Cf. diarrhoea 
verminosa. diarrhoea pituitosa. See d., catarrhal. 
d., simple, that form in which the evacuations con- 
sist of fecal matter only. Syn., diarrhoea fusa; diar- 
rhoea stercoralis; diarrhoea vulgaris; feculent diarrhea; 
saburral diarrhea, diarrhoea stercoralis, d. stercorea, 
d. stercorosa. See d., simple, d., sthenic. See d., 
inflammatory, d., strumous, a chronic form fre- 
quently met in underfed, strumous children, d., 
summer, an acute form occurring during the intense 
heat of summer, d., summer, of children, that due 
to bacillus dysenterioe, Shiga, and etiologically identi- 
cal with acute bacillary dysentery of adults, d., 
tubular. See d., membranous, diarrhoea urinosa. 
See diabetes, diarrhoea verminosa, that due to 
intestinal worms. Cf. d., parasitic, d., zymotic. 
Synonym of dysentery. 

diarrheal (di-ar-e'-al). Relating to, or of the na- 
ture of diarrhea. 

diarrhemia, diarrhaemia {di-ar-e'-me-ah) [Sid, 
through; fieZv, to flow; alfia, blood]. See ascites, 
sanguineous. 

diar thro dial {di-ar-thro'-de-al) [see diarthrosis]. 
Relating to or of the nature of a diarthrosis. 

diarthrosis {di-ar -thro' -sis) [Sid, through; dp0pco<ns, 
articulation]. A freely movable articulation. The 



various forms are: arthrodia, in which the bones glide 
upon plane surfaces; enarthrosis, ball-and-socket 
joint, with motion in all directions; ginglymus, or 
hinge-joint, with backward and forward motion; 
and d. rotatoria, with pivotal movement. Syn., 
per articulation; prosarthrosis. d. ambigua. See am- 
phiarthrosis. d. obliqua, an inconstant articulation 
between the spinous processes of adjacent lumbar 
vertebrae, d. obliqua accessoria, a double articu- 
lation sometimes formed by the spinous processes 
of adjacent dorsal or lumbar vertebrae near the basal 
ends of the processes, d., planiform, arthrodia. 
d., rotatory, d., synarthrodia!, d., trochoid, d. troch- 
oides. See cyclarthrosis. 

diarthrotic (di-ar-throt'-ik). See diarthrodial. 

diaschisis (di-as'-kis-is) [8ia.axl$eiv, to split]. 
An inhibition of functional continuity between 
different parts of the nervous system. 

diasostic (di-as-os'-tik) [biacw^tiv, to preserve]. 
Pertaining to hygiene or the preservation of health; 
hygienic ; diateretic . 

diaspirin (di-as'-pir-in). The succinic acid ester 
of salicylic acid. It is used as aspirin, but is more 
diaphoretic. Dose, 15-30 gr. (1-2 gm.). 

diastalsis (di-as-tal'-sis). A term suggested by 
Cannon for the downward moving wave of contrac- 
tion, preceded by a wave of inhibition, occurring in 
the small intestine during digestion. 

diastaltic (di-as-tal'-tik) [Sid, apart; arkWeiv, to 
send]. Reflex; performed (as are many reflex 
actions) through the medium of the spinal cord. 

diastase (di'-as-tas) [see diastasis]. A nitrogenous 
vegetable ferment found in malt; it converts starch 
into glucose, d., animal, a general term for the 
amylolytic enzymes of animals, ptyalin, amylopsin, 
and the special enzyme of the liver capable of con- 
verting glycogen into sugar, d., pancreatic, amy- 
lopsin. d., salivary, ptyalin. d., vegetable, the 
enzyme of germinating seeds; diastase proper. 

diastasemia (di-as-tas-e'-me-ah) [81a, apart; arao-ts, 
settling; af/xa, blood]. Acute anasarca. 

diastasic, diastatic -{di-as-tas'-ik, di-as-tat'-ik) 
[diastase]. 1. Pertaining to diastase. 2. Pertaining 
to diastasis, d. action, the conversion of starch into 
water-soluble substances by diastase. 

diastasimetry (di-as-ta-sim'-et-re). The estimation 
of the amount of diastase. 

diastasis (di-as'-ta-sis) [Siavratris, separation]. 
1. The separation of an epiphysis from the body of 
a bone without true fracture. 2. A dislocation of an 
amphiarthrotic joint. 

diastema (di-as-te'-ma) [Siaar-qua, a fissure]. A 
cleft or fissure. 

diastematelytria (di-as-tem-at-el-it'-re-ah) [dias- 
tema; iXvrpov, vagina]. Longitudinal and congenital 
fissure of the vagina. 

diastematenteria (di-as-tem-at-en-te'-re-ah) [dias- 
tema; tvrtpov, intestine]. A longitudinal fissure of 
the intestine. Syn., diastementeria. 

diastematia (di-as-tem-a'-she-ah) [diastema]. An 
abnormality in which the body is split or fissured 
longitudinally. Syn., diastematocaulia. 

diastematochilia (di-as-tem-at-o-kil'-e-ah) [dias- 
tema; x*<^°s. lip]- Congenital longitudinal fissure of 
the lip; hare-lip. 

diastematocrania (di-as-tem-at-o-kra'-ne-ah) [dias- 
tema; KpavLov, the skull]. A skull congenitally cleft 
along the median line. 

diastematocystia (di-as-tem-at-o-sis'-te-ah) [dias- 
tema; kwtis, bladder]. Congenital longitudinal 
fissure of the bladder. 

diastematogastria {di-as-tem-at-o-gas'-tre-ah) [dias- 
tema; yaarrip, stomach]. A mesial fissure of the 
ventral wall of the body. 

diastematoglossia (di-as-tem-at-o-glos'-e-ah) [dias- 
tema; y\a]aaa, the tongue], A congenital longi- 
tudinal fissure of the tongue. 

diastematognathia (di-as-tem-at-og-na'-the-ah) [dias- 
tema; yvados, jaw]. Congenital longitudinal fissure 
of the jaw. 

diastematometria {di-as-tem-at-o-me'-tre-ah) [dias- 
tema; nvrpa, womb]. Congenital longitudinal medi- 
an fissure of the uterus. 

diastematomyelia (di-as-tem-at-o-mi-e'-le-ah) [dias- 
tema; nve\6s, marrow]. A congenital splitting or 
doubling of the spinal cord. 

diastematopyelia {di-as-tem-at-o-pi-e'-le-ah) [dias- 
tema; wveXos, a trough]. A mesial fissure of the 
pelvis. 

diastematorrhachia (di-as-tem-at-o-ra'-ke-ah) [dias- 



DIASTEMATORRHINIA 



291 



DICHLORACETIC 



tema; pax*, the spine]. A congenital longitudinal 
fissure of the vertebral column. 

diastematorrhinia (di-as-tem-at-or-in'-e-ah) [dias- 
tema; pis, the nose]. A congenital mesial fissure of 
the nose. 

diastematostaphylia (di-as-tem-at-o-staf-il'-e-ah) [di- 
astema; a-Ta<pv\r], the uvula]. A congenital mesial 
fissure of the uvula. 

diastematosternia (di-as-tem-at-o-ster'-ne-ah) [dias- 
tema; sternum]. Median congenital fissure of the 
sternum. 

diastementeria {di-as-tem-en-te'-re-ah). See diaste- 
matenteria. 

diaster (di-as'-ter). The karyokinetic figure as- 
sumed by the aster of a dividing nucleus before 
the formation of the stars at the ends of the nuclear 
spindle. It is the sixth stage of karyokinesis. See 
karyokinesis. 

diastin (di-as'-tin). Trade name for a form of 
diastase. 

diastoid (di'-as-toid). Trade name for a dry malt 
preparation. 

diastol (di'-as-tol). A proprietary malt extract. 
diastole (di-as'-to-le) [SiaaTohi), a drawing apart]. 
The period of dilatation of a chamber of the heart; 
used alone it signifies diastole of the ventricles. 
d., arterial, the expansion of an artery following the 
ventricular systole, d., auricular, the dilatation of the 
cardiac auricle, d., cardiac, the period of expansion 
which follows a cardiac contraction, d., ventricular, 
the dilatation of the cardiac ventricles. 

diastolic (di-as-tol'-ik) [diastole]. Pertaining to 
the diastole of the heart, d. impulse, the back- 
stroke, d. murmur, a murmur occurring during the 
diastole, d. thrill, the vibration felt in the region of 
the heart during the diastole of the ventricles. 

diastrephia (di-as-tref-e-ah) [5id, apart; aTp&peiv, 
to turn]. Insanity marked by acts of cruelty and 
by gross perversion of the moral sense. 

diastrophometry (di-as-tro-fom'-et-re) [Siaarpcxpri, 
distortion; p.krpov, a measure]. The measurement of 
deformities. 

diatactic (di-at-ak'-tik) [SiaraaaeLv, to make 
ready]. Preparatory, d. action, the supposed 
molecular establishment of unions between different 
brain-cells and nerve-centers preparatory to coordi- 
nated motor activity. 

diatela, diatele (di-at-e'-lah, di'-at-el) [Sia, between; 
tela, a web]. The membranous roof of the diacele 
(third ventricle). 

diateretic (di-at-er-et'-ik) [Siarripeiv, to watch 
closely]. Of or pertaining to the practice of hygiene; 
diasostic. 

diaterma (di-at-er'-mah) [Sia, between; repp-a, end]. 
A portion of the floor of the diacele. It has a nearly 
dorso-ventral direction. 

diathermal, diathermanous (di-ath-er'-mal, di-ath- 
er' -man-us) [5id, through; depurj, heat]. Permeable 
by waves of radiant heat. 

diathermometer (di-ah-ther-mom'-et-er) [dia; ther- 
mometer]. An appliance for measuring the heat- 
conducting capacity of substances. 

diathesin (di-ath'-es-in), C7.Hs.O2. A substitute 
for salicylic acid, the salicylates, and salicin; its use 
is indicated in gouty diatheses. Dose 75-15 gr. 
(0.5-1.0 Gm.). 

diathesis (di-ath'-es-is) [dia; TiBkvai, to arrange]. 
A state or condition of the body whereby it is especi- 
ally liable to certain diseases, such as gout, calculus, 
diabetes, etc. It may be acquired or hereditary. 
d., aneurysmal, inherent predisposition to aneurysms. 
d., bilious, the morbid condition that follows chronic 
disturbance of the portal circulation and imperfect 
elimination of bile, d., calculous, a constitutional 
tendency to the formation of calculi, d., cancerous. 
See cachexia, cancerous, d., catarrhal, a tendency to 
excessive secretion of mucus, d., climatic, a morbid 
state of body dependent upon local physical condi- 
tions, as elevation, soil, water, humidity, etc. d., 
congestive, a constitutional tendency to vasomotor 
disturbances and local congestions, d., furuncular. 
See furunculosis. d., gouty, d., lithic. See d., uric- 
acid, d., hemorrhagic. See hemophilia, d., lithic, 
predisposition to lithemia. d., osseous, d., ossific, 
a tendency to abnormal development of bony tissues. 
d., osteophytic, a constitutional tendency to the 
formation of abnormal ankyloses, d., psychopathic, 
a hereditary predisposition to mental derangement. 
d., rheumatic. See d., uric-acid, d., scorbutic. 
See scurvy, d., scrofulous, a hereditary predispo- 



sition to scrofulous affections. Syn., strumous di- 
athesis, d., strumous. See d., scrofulous, d., 
syphilitic, hereditary syphilis, d., tuberculous, 
a constitutional inability to resist tuberculous infec- 
tion. Syn., phthisical diathesis, d., uratic, tendency 
to gout, d., uric-acid, a constitutional tendency to 
the accumulation of uric acid and urates in the 
fluids of the body and the development of rheuma- 
tism, gout, etc.; the arthritic, gouty, rheumatic, or 
lithic diathesis. 

diathetic (di-ath-et'-ik) [diathesis]. Relating to a 
diathesis. 

diatom (di'-at-om). One of the Diatomaceae, a 
group of microscopic Alga?. 

diatomic {di-at-om'-ik) [Sis, two; arop,os, atom]. 
1. Consisting of two atoms. 2. Divalent. 

diaxon, diaxone (di-aks'-on) [dis; a^wv, axis] 
1. In biology, having two axes. 2. A neuron having 
two axons. 

diazo- (di-az-o-) [dis; azotum, nitrogen]. A prefix, 
signifying that a compound contains phenyl, C6H5, 
united with a radical consisting of two nitrogen 
atoms, d.-reaction, d.-test, a urinary test, valuable 
in the diagnosis of enteric fever. The solutions 
required are: (a) A saturated solution of sulphanilic 
acid in a 5 % solution of hydrochloric acid; (b) a 
0.5 % solution of sodium nitrite. Mix a and b in 
the proportion of 40 Cc. of a to 1 Cc. of b, and to a 
few cubic centimeters add an equal volume of urine, 
and, after shaking well, allow a few drops of ammonia 
to flow down the side of the tube. A garnet-red color 
at the point of contact denotes the reaction, or a rose- 
pink foam after shaking. 

diazonal (di-az'-o-nal) [Sl&, through; fdbcr;, a zone]. 
Applied by Fiirbringer to nerve-trunks which lie 
across a sclerozone. 

diazyme (di'-az-im). Trade name for a diastatic 
extract of the pancreatic glands. 

dib. The knee-pan or ankle-bone of a sheep's leg. 

dibasic (di-ba'-sik) [Sis, two; /3d<m, base]. Of a 

salt, containing two atoms of a monobasic element 

or radical ; of an acid, having two replaceable hydrogen 

atoms. 

dibenzyl (di-ben'-zil), CuHu. A compound pre- 
pared by the action of sodium upon benzyl chloride. 
dibenzylamine (di-ben-zil'-am-in), C14H15N. An 
oily liquid having the constitution of ammonia in 
which two atoms of hydrogen are replaced by two 
molecules gf benzyl. 

diblastic (di-blas'-tik) [dis, double; /3Xa<rr6r, germ]. 
Referring to any theory of disease that ascribes it 
to a double agency. 

diblastula (di-blas'-tu-lah) [Sis, two; blastula]. 
A blastula containing both ectoderm and entoderm, 
diborated (di-bo'-ra-ted). Combined with two 
molecules of boric acid. 

Dibothrium (di-both'-re-um) [L.]. A genus of 
cestode worms. D. latum. See Bothriocephalus 
latus. 

dibromated (di-bro' -ma-ted) . Containing two atoms 
of bromine in the molecule. 

dibromethane (di-bro-meth-an') . See ethylene bro- 
mide. 

dibromide (di-bro' -mid). A compound consisting 

of an element or radical and two atoms of bromine. 

dicalcic (di-kal'-sik). Containing two atoms of 

calcium in each molecule, d. orthophosphate, 

Ca2H2(PO02, a salt occurring in urinary deposits. 

dicamphendion (di-kam-fen' -de-on) , (CeHuOH A 
reaction-product obtained from bromocamphor by 
action of metallic sodium; it occurs in flat yellow 
needles which melt at 193 C. 

dicamphor (di-kam'-for), (CioHisOH A colorless 
crystalline substance, melting at 166 C, obtained 
with dicamphendion (q. v.). 

dicentrine (di-sen'-tren). An alkaloid derived 
from Dicentra pusilla, a Japanese plant. 

dicephalism (di-sef -al-izm) [his, two; Ke<pa\ri, 
head]. The condition of having two heads. 

dicephalous (di-sef -al-us) [dicephalus]. Two- 
headed. 

dicephalus (di-sef -al-us) [Sis, two; K€<pa\ri, a 
head]. A monster with two heads. 

dichastasis (di-kas'-tas-is) [&ixa<ns, division]. In 
biology, spontaneous fission. 

dichlamydeous (di-klam-id'-e-us) [Sis, two; x^wvs, 
a mantle]. In biology, applied to flowers having 
both floral envelopes. 

dichloracetic acid (di-klor-as-e'-tik). See acid, 
dichloracetic. 



DICHLORALANTIPYRINE 



292 



DIETHYL 



dichloralantipyrine (di-klo-ral-an-te-pi'-rin). See 
antipyrine bichloral. 

dichlorethane (di-klor-eth'-an). See ethene chloride. 

dichloride (di-klo'-rid). A compound in each 
molecule of which two atoms of chlorine are combined 
with an element or radical. 

dichlormethane (di-klor-meth'-an). See methylene 
dichloride. 

dichotomy (di-kot'-o-me) [Slxa, in two; renveiv, 
to cut], i. The state of being bifid; the phenomenon 
of bifurcation. 2. Division into two parts. 3. Divi- 
sion of a professional fee; the paying of a commission 
by a consultant or surgeon to the practitioner who 
refers a case, d., anterior, said of a double monster 
united below the upper limbs, d., posterior, said 
of a double monster in which the two individuals are 
fused above the posterior extremities. 

dichroic (di-kro'-ik). Pertaining to dichroism. 

dichroism (di'-kro-izm) [Sis, double; xpola, color]. 
The phenomenon of difference of color in bodies 
when viewed by reflected or by transmitted light. 

dichromasy (di-kro'-mas-e) [Sis, two; xpw/*«. color]. 
The condition of a dichromat; inability to distinguish 
more than two colors. 

dichromat (di'-kro-mat). A person with dichro- 
matopsia. Cf. monochromat; trichromat. 

dichromatopsia (di-kro-mat-op'-se-ah) [dis; xP^P-a, 
color; Si/as, sight]. A form of color-blindness in 
which there are two sharply limited regions at the 
ends of the spectrum, within which there are no 
changes of hue, but merely of intensity. All other 
parts of the spectrum, the "middle region," can be 
produced by mixtures of the two end regions. 

dichromic (di-kro'-mik). 1. Marked by two colors. 
2. Containing two atoms of chromium. 

dichromism (di-kro'-mizm) [di-; xP&Ma. color]. 
The state of presenting one color when seen by 
reflected light, and another when seen by transmitted 
light. See also dichromatopsia. 

dichromophilism {di-kro-mof-il-izm) [di-; xp«pa, 
color; <j>CKtlv, to love]. Capability for double 
staining. 

dichromous, dichroous, dichrous (di'-kro-mus, 
di'-kro-us, di'-krus). Having two colors; relating to 
dichroism. 

dicinchonine (di-sin'-kon-en) [di-; cinchona], C38H44- 
N4O2. An alkaloid of cinchona-bark. 

diclidostosis (di-klid-os-to'-sis) [SucXISes, folding 
doors; barkov, a bone]. Ossification of the venous 
valves. Syn., osteodiclis. 

dicranous (di-kra'-nus) [SUpavos, two-headed]. 
Dicephalous. 

dicranus (di-kra'-nus) [Sis, double; Kpavov, head]. 
A dicephalous monster. 

dicrotic (di-krot'-ik) [SUporos, double beating]. 
Having a double beat. d. pulse. See dicrotism. 
d. wave, the recoil-wave of the sphygmographic 
tracing, generated by closure of the aortic valves. 

dicrotism (di'-kro-tizm) [see dicrotic]. A condition 
of the pulse in which with every wave there is given 
to the finger of the examiner the sensation of two 
beats. It is present when the arterial tension is low. 

dictyitis (dik-te-i'-tis) [SLktvov, net, retina]. 
Retinitis. 

dictyopsia (dik-te-op'-se-ah) [SLktvov, net; 6\pts, 
view]. The sensation as if a net were stretched 
before the eyes. 

didactic (di-dak'-tik) [SiSclktikos, apt at teaching]. 
Teaching by description and theory; opposed to 
clinical. 

didactylism (di-dak'-til-izm) [Sis, double; So.ktv\os, 
a finger]. The condition of having congenitally but 
two digits on a hand or foot. 

didelphic, didelphous (di-del'-fik, -fus) [Sis, double; 
5e\<£us, the uterus]. Having a double uterus. 

diduction (di-duk'-shun) [diducere, to draw apart]. 
Abduction of two parts; the withdrawal of a part. 

diductor (di-duk'-tor) [diduction]. A muscle which 
in action produces diduction. 

didymalgia (did-e-mal'-je-ah) [SlSvpos, testicle; 
aX-yos, pain]. Pain in a testicle. 

didymin (did'-im-in) [SlSvp.01, the testes]. A dry 
preparation made from the testes of the ox. Aphro- 
disiac dose 5 gr. (0.3 Gm.). In larger doses it is 
hypnotic. 

didymitis (did-e-mi'-tis) [Sl8vp.os, a testicle; iris, 
inflammation]. Orchitis affecting mainly the body 
of the testicle. 

didymium (di-dim'-e-um) [SlSvpos, twin]. A sub- 
stance formerly thought to be an element, but now 



recognized as a mixture of the two elements neo- 
dymium and praseodymium. 

didymodynia (did-im-o-din'-e-ah) [SiSvpns, testicle; 
68i>vr), pain]. Pain in the testicle. 

didymous (did'-im-us) [SlSvpos, twin]. Twin, 
arranged in a pair, or in pairs. 

didymus (did'-im-us) [SlSv^os, twin]. A twin; a 
twin-monstrosity; a testicle. 

die (di). To cease to live; to become dead. 

diechoscope (di-ek'-o-skop) [Sis, twice; ix&, a 
sound; tncopfiv, to examine]. A kind of stethoscope 
for the simultaneous perception of two different 
sounds in two different parts of the body. 

diecious (di-e'-shus) [Sis, two; oXkos, house]. 
In biology, having the two sexes in different indi- 
viduals, or in two households as staminate and 
pistillate flowers separate and on separate plants. 

Diefenbach's operation (de-fen-bakh'). For ampu- 
tation at the hip-joint; an elastic ligature is applied 
around the limb, a circular incision is made down 
to the bone, the vessels are secured, and the liga- 
ture removed; a knife is inserted two inches above the 
greater trochanter and the incision is carried down the 
outer aspect of the bone to meet the circular incision; 
the joint is then disarticulated. 

dielectric (di-el-ek'-trik) [5 id, through; rjheKTpov, 
amber]. Transmitting electricity by induction and 
not by conduction, d., pseudo-, any compound 
which acts as a dielectric when pure, but as an 
electrolyte when mixed with other members of its 
own class. 

dielectrolysis (di-e-lek-trol'-is-is) [5id, through; 
electrolysis]. Galvanic electrolysis of a compound, 
the current passing at the same time through a 
diseased portion of the body and carrying one of the 
elements of the compound with it. 

dien (di'-en). A contraction of diencephalon. 

diencephal (di-en'-sef-al). Same as diencephalon. 

diencephalon (di-en-sef'-al-on) [81a, between; 
iyKe<pdXos, brain]. _ That part of the brain between 
the prosencephalon and the mesencephalon. It 
includes the thalami and the third ventricle. Syn., 
between-brain ; thalamencephalon. 

dieresis (di-er'-es-is) [Sialpeais, a division]. A 
solution of continuity, as a wound, ulceration, etc. 

dieretic (di-er-et'-ik) [dieresis]. Destructive; es- 
charotic; corrosive. 

dies and counter-dies. Metallic casts obtained 
by molding in sand or dipping in molten zinc and 
lead, or other alloys, such as Babbitt metal, and 
which are used for stamping up dental plates; they 
are generally described as male and female castings, 
between which the plate is swaged. 

diestrous, dicestrous (di-es'-trus). Pertaining to a 
type of sexual season in female animals in which 
there is a short period of sexual rest. 

diestrum, dioestrum (di-es'-trum) [Si&, between; 
ola-Tpqs, gad-fly]. Heape's term for the short period 
of sexual rest characteristic of some female ani- 
mals. 

diet (di'-et) [Slaira, a system or mode of living]. 
The food taken regularly by an individual; the food 
adapted to a certain state of the body, as fever-diet, 
convalescent-diet, d., Banting's. See Banting cure. 
d., bland, one consisting of food that is free from 
the ingredients which excite heat, but containing all 
the nutrients — protein, carbohydrates, and fat — 
necessary for the maintenance of man. d., diabetic, 
a diet mostly of meats and green-vegetables, starches 
and sugars being excluded, d., fever-, a nutritious, 
easily digestible liquid or semiliquid diet, usually 
with milk and meat-broths, as a basis, d., gouty, 
a diet of simple nutritious food, avoiding wines, fats, 
pastries, and much meat, d., Tuffnell's, a highly 
nutritious diet, including but a small amount of 
liquids, employed in the treatment of aneurysm. 

dietarian (di-et-a'-re-an). A physician who pays 
special attention to matters of diet. 

dietary (di'-et-a-re) [diet]. A system of food- 
regulation intended to meet the requirements of the 
animal economy. 

dietetic (di-et-et'-ik) [diet]. Pertaining to diet. 

dietetics (di-et-et'-iks). The science of the syste- 
matic regulation of the diet for hygienic or therapeutic 
purposes. 

diethyl (di-eth'-il), C4H10. A double molecule of 
ethyl; in a free state it constitutes normal butane. 
d. acetal. See acetal (1). d. acetone, d. ketone, 
C2H5C2H5 . CO. A hypnotic liquid used in mania. 
Syn., propione. d. glycocoll-guaiacol hydrochlorate, 



DIETHYLAMINE 



293 



DIGITALIN 



an antiseptic used in pulmonary tuberculosis, ozena, 
etc. Dose 15-60 gr. (1-4 Gm.). Syn., gujasanol. 

diethylamine (di-eth-iV '-am-in), NC4H11. A non- 
poisonous, liquid ptomaine obtained from putrefying 
fish. 

diethylenediamine. See piperazine. 

dietist (di'-et-ist). One who is expert in questions 
of diet; a dietarian or dietitian. 

dietitian (di-et-ish'-an) [diet]. See dietist. 

Dietl's crises (de'-tl) [Joseph Dietl, Austrian 
physician, 1804-1878]. Paroxysms of gastric distress 
and severe abdominal pain occurring in nephroptosis; 
probably dependent on acute hydronephrosis from 
twisting of the ureter. 

dietotherapy (di-et-o-ther'-ap-e) [diet; Oepaweia, 
therapy]. The regulation of diet for therapeutic 
purposes. 

Dietrich's reaction for uric acid. A red coloration 
results from the addition of a solution of sodium 
hypochlorite or hypobromite to the uric-acid solution. 
The color vanishes on adding caustic alkali. 

Dieudonne's medium (de-u-don-a') [Adolph Dieu- 
donne, German physician, 1864- ]. An alkaline 
medium for bacterial cultures; it is composed of 
defibrinated ox blood, solution of potassium hydrox- 
ide, and cholera agar. 

Dieulafoy's triad (de-ti'-laf-oy) [Georges Dieulafoy, 
French physician, 1839-1011]. Muscular contrac- 
tion, tenderness, and hyperesthesia of the skin at 
McBurney's point in appendicitis. 

differential {dif-er-en'-shal) [differentia, difference]. 
Pertaining to or creating a difference, d. blood- 
count, an estimation of the number of different 
kinds of leukocytes in a cubic millimeter of blood. 
d. diagnosis. See diagnosis, differential, d. stain- 
ing, a method of staining tubercle and other bacilli, 
founded upon the fact that they retain the color in 
the presence of certain reagents that decolorize the 
surrounding tissues. 

differentiation (dif-er-en-she-a'-shun) [see differ- 
ential]. 1. The act or process of distinguishing or 
making different. 2. Changing from general to 
special characters; specialization. 

diffluence (dif'-lu-enz) [difftuere, to flow apart]. 
The condition of being almost liquefied. 

diffraction (dif-rak'-shun) [dis, apart; fr actus, 
broken]. The deflection or the separation into its 
component parts that takes place in a ray of light 
when it passes through a narrow slit or aperture. 
d. grating, a strip of glass closely ruled with fine lines; 
it is often used in the spectroscope in the place of the 
battery of prisms. 

diffusate (dif'-u-sat) [diffuse]. The portion of the 
liquid which passes through the animal membrane 
in dialysis, and holds crystalloid matter in solution. 
Dialysate. 

diffuse (dif-us') [diffundere, to spread by pouring]. 
Scattered; not limited to one tissue or spot; opposed 
to localized. 

diffusibility (dif-u-si-bif -it-e) . Capacity for being 
diffused, d. of gases, Dalton's term for that prop- 
erty by which two or more gases confined in an in- 
closed space expand as if the space were occupied 
by one gas alone, the elastic force of the mixture 
being equal to the sum of the elastic forces of all the 
combined gases. 

diffusible (dif-u'-zib-V) [diffuse]. Spreading rap- 
idly; capable of passing through a porous membrane; 
applied to certain quickly acting stimulants, usually 
of transient effect. 

diffusiometer (dif-u-ze-om' -et-ur) [diffusion; ukrpov, 
a measure]. A device for estimating the diffusibility 
of gases. 

diffusion (dif-u'-zhun) [diffuse]. 1. A spreading- 
out. 2. Dialysis, d.-circle, the imperfect image 
formed by incomplete focalization, the position of 
the true focus not having been reached by some of 
the rays of light or else having been passed, d. 
vacuoles. See under vacuoles. 

difiuordiphenyl, difiuorodiphenyl (di-flu-or-di-fen'- 
il, -o-di-fen'-iF), CeEUFl - CeHiFl ; used as a 10% 
dusting-powder or as a 10 % ointment in treating 
luetic ulcers, etc. 

digalen (dij'-al-en). A soluble preparation of 
digitalis, suitable for intravenous administration. 
digallic acid (di-gal'-ik). Synonym of tannic acid. 
digastric (di-gas'-trik) [Sis, two; yaarr\p, belly]. 
Having two bellies, as the digastric muscle; see 
muscles, table of. 2. Referring to the digastric 
muscle, d. groove, a groove on the mastoid process 



which serves as the line of origin of the digastric 
muscle, d. muscle. See muscles, table of. d. nerve. 
See nerves, table of. 

digastricus (di-gas' -trik-us) . The digastric muscle. 
See muscles, table of. 

digenesis (di-jen'-es-is) [Sis, two; ykvtavs, gener- 
ation]. In biology, the alternation of sexual and 
asexual generation. 

digenetic (di-jen-ef-ik) [digenesis]. Relating to 
alternate generation. 

digenism (di'-jen-izm). 1. See digenesis. 2. The 
combined or concurrent action of two causes. 

digerent {dij'-er-ent) [digerere, to digest]. A 
digestant; also a medicine that excites the secretion 
of pus in wounds. 

digest (di-jesf) [digerere, to digest]. 1. To make 
food capable of absorption and assimilation. 2. In 
pharmacy, to macerate in a liquid medium. 

digestant (di-jesf -ant) [digest], A substance that 
assists digestion of the food. 

digester (di-jest'-er) [digest]. An autoclave or 
apparatus for destructive distillation. 

digestibility (di-jes-tib-if -it-e) [digestibilis, that can 
be digested]. Susceptibility of being digested. 

digestible {di-jesf -ib-l) [digestibilis, that can be 
digested]. Capable of being digested. 

digestion (di-jes'-chun) [digest]. Those processes 
whereby the food taken into an organism is made 
capable of being absorbed and assimilated by the 
body-tissues, d., artificial, digestion carried on 
outside of the body, d., gastric, digestion by the 
action of the gastric juice, d., intestinal, digestion 
by the action of the intestinal juices, including the 
action of the bile and the pancreatic fluid, d., pan- 
creatic, digestion by the action of the pancreatic 
juice, d., peptic. See d., gastric, d., primary, 
gastrointestinal digestion, d., salivary, digestion 
by the saliva, d., secondary, the assimilation by 
the body-cells of their appropriate pabulum. 

digestive (di-jes'-tiv) [digestion]. 1. Relating to or 
favoring digestion. 2. An agent that promotes 
digestion, d. tract, the whole alimentary canal 
from the mouth to the anus. 

digestol (di-jes'-tol). Trade name of a combi- 
nation of bismuth subnitrate, pepsin, and salol. 

digipoten (dij-ip-o' -ten) . A preparation con- 
taining the digitalis glucosides in soluble form. It is 
said to be of the same strength as digitalis leaf; its 
dosage is also the same. 

digipuratum (dij-ip-u-ra'-tum). A proprietary 
digitalis preparation. 

digistrophan (dij-is-tro'-fan). Trade name of a 
preparation of digitalis and strophanthus. 

digit (dij'-it) [digitus, finger]. A finger or toe. 

digital (dij'-it-al) [digit]. 1. Pertaining to the 
ringers or toes. 2. Performed with the fingers. 
3. Resembling a depression made with a finger- 
tip; e. g., digital fossa, d. arteries, the arteries of 
the hands and feet supplying the digits. See under 
artery, d. compression, the stoppage of a flow of 
blood by pressure with the finger, d. examination, 
examination or exploration with the finger. 

digitalacrin (dij-it-al-ak'-rin), C2oH«06. A sub- 
stance obtained from digitalis. 

digitalein (dij-it-af -e-in) . 1. One of the consti- 
tuents of digitalis. 2. A cardiac tonic and diuretic. 
Dose^g^-ir? gr- (0.001-0.002 Gm.) 2 to 4 times daily. 

digitaletm (dij-it-al-ef-in), C22H38O9. A substance 
obtained from digitalin by heating with dilute acid. 

digitaliform (dij-it-af -e-form) [digit; forma, form]. 
Finger-shaped. 

digitalin, digitalinum (dij-it-al'-in, dij-it-al-i' -num) 
[digitalis]. 1. CsHsOzC?). The active principle of 
Digitalis purpurea. Dose ^V'sV gr. (0.001-0.002 
Gm.). 2. A precipitate from a tincture of Digitalis 
purpurea, d., crystallized. See digitin. d., French, 
a yellowish, odorless, bitter powder, said to consist 
of digitalin with some digitoxin. It is used as a 
heart-tonic. Dose ^^ gr. (0.00026 Gm.) rapidly 
increased to £$ gr. (0.0016 Gm.) daily; maximum 
dose ¥ V gr- (0.0013 Gm.) daily. Syn., chloroformic 
digitalin; Homolle's amorphous digitalin; insoluble 
digitalin. d., German, a white or yellowish powder, 
said to consist of digitalein with some digitonic 
and digitalin. It is a noncumulative heart-tonin 
and diuretic. Dose b^-^t gr. (0.001-0.002 Gm.) 
3 or 4 times daily in pills or subcutaneously ; maximum 
dose T V gr- (0.004 Gm.) single; § gr. (0.022 Gm.) 
daily, d., Homolle's, d., insoluble. See d., French. 
d., Kilian's, a white, amorphous powder, exerting 



DIGITALIRETIN 



294 



DILATATION 



the characteristic effect of digitalis leaves. Dose 
aiff gr. (0.00025 Gm.). Syn., digitalinum verum 
kiliani. d., Nativelle's, d.-nativelle, C25H40O15; said 
to consist chiefly of digitoxin. It is recommended 
as a heart-tonic and in pulmonary inflammation. 
Dose t^tj-^ gr. (0.00065-0.001 Gm.). d., soluble. 
See d., German. 

digitaliretin, digitalirrhetin (dij-it-al-i-ret'-in), Ci6- 
H26O3. A substance obtained from digitalin by 
action of dilute acid with heat. 

digitalis (dij-it-a'-lis) [digitalis, pertaining to the 
fingers]. Foxglove. The digitalis of the U. S. P. 
is the leaves of D. purpurea. It contains an amor- 
phous complex substance, digitalin, that does not, 
however, represent the full properties of the leaves. 
It is a powerful cardiac stimulant, strengthening 
the systole and lengthening the diastole of the heart. 
It also acts as a diuretic; in large doses it causes gastric 
disturbance. It is employed mainly in diseases of 
the heart when compensation is lost, d., extract of 
(extr actum digitalis, U. S. P.). Dose §— § gr. (0.0 1- 
0.032 Gm.). d., fluidextract of (fluidextr actum 
digitalis, U. S. P.). Dose 1-3 min. (0.06-1.8 Cc). 
d., infusion of (infusum digitalis, U. S. P.), i§ parts 
of the leaves in 100 parts. Dose 2-4 dr. (4-8 Cc). 
d., tincture of (tinctura digitalis, U. S. P.), 15 parts 
of the leaves in 100 of diluted alcohol. Dose 10-20 
min. (0.6-1.2 Cc). 

digitalism, digitalismus (dij'-it-al-izm, dij-it-al-is'- 
tnus). The condition caused by the injudicious use 
of digitalis, consisting in paralysis of cardiac 
action. 

digitalization (dij-it-al-i-za'-shun). Subjection to 
the effects of digitalin or digitalis. 

digitalone (dij'-it-al-on). A non-irritating solution 
of the digitalis glucosides. 

digitalose (dij-it-al-os). A white crystalline con- 
stituent of digitalis. 

digitation (dij-it-a'-shun) [digitatus, having digits]. 
A finger-like process, or a succession of such processes, 
especially of a muscle. 

digiten (dij' -it-en) [digitus, a finger]. Belonging to 
a digit in itself. 

digitiform (dij'-it-e-form) [digit]; forma, form. 
Finger-shaped. 

digiti mortui {dij'-it-i mor'-tu-i) [L.]. Dead 
fingers; a cold and white state of the fingers. 

digitin (dij'-it-in), (C4H902)n. A therapeutically 
inert substance occurring as a granular, crystalline 
powder, isolated from the leaves of Digitalis purpurea. 
Syn., crystallized digitalin. 

digitofibular (dij-it-o-fib'-u-lar). Pertaining to the 
fibular aspect of the toes. 

digitol (dij'-it-ol) . Trade name of a fat-free 
tincture of digitalis. 

digitometatarsal (dij-it-o-met-a-tar'-sal). Pertain- 
ing to the metatarsus and the toes. 

digitonin (dij-it-o'-nin) [digitalis], C31H52O17. A 
white, amorphous mass obtained from digitalis. 

digitoradial (dij-it-o-ra'-de-al). Relating to or 
situated upon the radial aspect of the fingers. 

digitotibial (dij-it-o-tib'-e-al). Relating to the 
tibial aspect of the toes. 

digitoulnar (dij-it-o-ul'-nar). Relating to the 
ulnar aspect of the fingers. 

digitoxin (dij-it-oks'-in) [digitalis; to^lkov, poison], 
C21H32O7, or C12H32O34. A highly poisonous glucoside 
from Digitalis purpurea. A powerful heart-tonic, 
used in valvular lesions and myocarditis, etc. Dose 
5^(5— Tsu gr. (0.00026-0. 000s Gm.) 3 times daily 
with 3 min. (0.2 Cc.) chloroform, 60 min. (4 Cc.) 
alcohol, i£ oz. (45 Cc.) water. Enema, S V gr. (0.0008 
Gm.) with 10 min. (0.6 Cc.) alcohol, 4 oz. (120 Cc.) 
water, 1 to 3 times daily. Maximum dose 5 V gr. 
(0.002 Gm.) daily. 

digitus (dij'-it-us) [L.: pi., digiti]. A finger or toe. 
d. annularis, ring finger, d. auricularis, little finger. 
d. clavatus, club-finger, d. demonstrativus, index 
finger, d. hippocraticus, club-finger, d. manus, a 
finger, d. medicus, the ring finger, d. medius, 
the middle finger, d. minimus, .the little finger. 
d. pedis, a toe. d. recellens, trigger finger. 

diglossia (di-glos'-e-ah) [Sis, double; -yXcoo-tra, 
tongue]. The condition of having a double tongue. 

dignathus (dig-na' '-thus) [8is, twice; yvados, jaw]. 
A monster with two lower jaws. 

dihydrate (di-hi' -drat) [his, twice; vSup, water]' 
1. Any compound containing two molecules of 
hydro xyl. Syn., bihydrate. 2. A compound con- 
taining two molecules of water. 



dihydrated (di-hi' -dra-ted). Having absorbed two 
hydroxyl molecules. 

dihydric (di-hi' -drik). Containing two atoms of 
hydrogen in the molecule. 

dihydride (di-hi' -dr id). A compound of two 
atoms of hydrogen with an element or radical. 

dihydrocollidine (di-hi-dro-koV -id-en), CsHnN. A 
liquid substance isomeric with a ptomaine obtained 
from putrid flesh and fish. 

dihydrocoridine (di-hi-dro-kor' -id-en), C10H17N. A 
substance isomeric with a ptomaine found in cultures 
of the Bacillus allii. 

dihydrolutidine (di-hi-dro-lu'-tid-en) [8is, double; 
i)8o)p, water; luteus, yellow], C7H11N. One of the 
alkaloidal bodies found in cod-liver oil. It is slightly 
poisonous, in small doses diminishing general sensi- 
bility, in large doses causing tremor, paralysis of the 
legs, or, in animals, the hind limbs, and death. 

dihydroresorcinol (di-hi-dro-re-zor'-sin-ol). Shining 
white prisms, soluble in water, alcohol, or chloro- 
form, melting at i04°-io6° C, obtained from resor- 
cinol by action of sodium amalgam with carbon di- 
oxide. It is recommended as an antiseptic. 

dihydroxyphthalophenone (di-hi-droks-e-thal-o-fe'- 
non). Phenolphthalein. 

dihydroxytoluene (di-hi-droks-e-tol'-u-en). See or- 
cin. 

dihysteria (di-his-te'-re-ah) [8ls, double; i/arkpa, 
the womb]. The presence of a double uterus. 

diiodide (di-i'-o-did) [di, two; iodum, iodine]. 
A compound consisting of a basic element and two 
atoms of iodine. 

diiodoaniline (di-i-o-do-an'-il-in), C6H5 . NH2 . I2 
[1:2:4]. A reaction-product of aniline with iodine 
chloride. It is antiseptic and used as an application 
in skin diseases. Syn., metadiiodaniline. 

diiodobetanaphthol (di-i-o-do-be-lah-naf'-thol), C16- 
H6I2O2. A yellowish-green powder obtained from 
mixed solutions of iodine with potassium iodide and 
betanaphthol with sodium carbonate and sodium 
hypochlorite. It is used as an antiseptic in place of 
aristol. Syn., naphtholaristol; naphtholdiiodide. 

diiodocarbazol (di-i-o-do-kar'-ba-zol), C12H6I2 : NH. 
A substance obtained from carbazol by action of 
iodine with heat; insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol 
and chloroform. It is recommended as an antiseptic 

diiododithymol (di-i-o-do-di-thi'-mol). See aristol. 

diiodoform (di-i-o' -do-form), C2H2I4. A substance 
obtained from acetylene iodide by excess of iodine 
and containing 95.28 % of iodine, ft decomposes 
on exposure to light. Used as a substitute for 
iodoform. Syn., tetraethylene iodide. 

diiodomethane (di-i-o-do-meth'-an). Methylene 
iodide. 

diiodonaphthol (di-i-o-do-naf'-thol). See diiodo- 
betanaphthol. 

diiodoresorcinol (di-i-o-do-re-zor'-sin-ol). A brown, 
inodorous powder, used as an antiseptic in place of 
aristol. 

diiodosalicylic acid (di-i-o-do-sal-is-il'-ik). See 
acid, diiodosalicylic. d.-methylester. See sanoform. 
d.-phenylester. See diiodosalol. 

diiodosalol (di-i-o-do-sal'-ol), C 6 H2l2(OH)C02C6H5. 
A condensation-product of diiodosalicylic acid with 
phenol. It is used in treatment of skin diseases. 

diiodothioresorcinol (di-i-o-do-thi-o-re-zor'-sin-ol) , 
C6H2O2I2S2. It is used as a dusting-powder and in 
10 to 20 % ointment. 

dikamali (dik-am-ah'-le) [E. Ind.]. A fetid gum- 
resin obtained from Gardenia gummifera and G. lucida. 
In decoction it is used as an antiperiodic and in the 
treatment of chronic skin diseases. 

dilaceration (di-las-er-a'-shun) [dilaceratio, a tearing 
apart]. A tearing apart; division of a membranous 
cataract by a tearing operation. 

dilatatio cordis (di-lat-a'-she-o kor'-dis) [L.]. 
Dilatation of the heart. 

dilatation (dil-at-a'-shun) [dilatare, to expand]. 
A spreading apart; the state, especially of a hollow 
part or organ, of being dilated or stretched, d., 
digital, dilatation of a body-cavity or orifice by 
means of one or more fingers, d. of heart, an 
increase in the size of one or more of the cavities 
of the heart, arising from a relaxation or weakening 
of the heart muscle. It is associated with evidences 
of failure of circulation, resulting in congestion of 
the lungs and other viscera, d., hydrostatic, dilata- 
tion of a cavity or part by means of an introduced 
elastic bag which is subsequently distended with 
water, d. of stomach, increase in size of the 



DILATE 



295 



DIOSTOSIS 



stomach from relaxation of the walls and expansion 
with gas. 

dilate (di-laf) [dilatation]. To spread. To increase 
in size; to spread apart; to stretch. 

dilator (di-la'-tor) [dilate], i. An instrument for 
stretching or enlarging a cavity or opening; also, 2. 
A dilating muscle. See under muscle, d. iridis, the 
set of muscular fibers dilating the pupil, d. naris. 
See muscles, table of. d. pyloric, the muscle which 
dilates the pyloric orifice of the stomach, d. tubas. 
See tensor palati, in muscles, table of. 

dill (dil). See anethum. 

diluent (dil'-u-ent) [dilute]. 1. Diluting. 2. An 
agent that dilutes the secretions of an organ. 

diluin (di-lu'-in). A normal physiological saline 
solution to which \ per cent, of carbolic acid has 
been added ; used as a diluent for tuberculin. 

dilute (di-luf) [diluere, to wash away]. To make 
weaker through increasing the bulk by the addition 
of liquid. 

diluting fluids. Solutions for use with the hemo- 
cytometer. See Hayem's solution and Sherrington's 
solution, Toisson's solution. 

dilution (di-lu'-shun) [dilute]. 1. The process of 
adding a neutral fluid to some other fluid or substance, 
in order to diminish the qualities of the latter. 2. A 
diluted substance; the result of a diluting process. 

dilutionist (di-lu'-shun-ist) [dilute]. One who 
advocates the dilution of medicines, d., high, a 
homeopathist who advocates the extreme attenuation 
of medicines. 

dimerous (dim'-er-us) [Sis, two; pepos, a part]. 
In biology, bipartite. 

dimethyl (di-meth'-il), (CH3)2. A double molecule 
of methyl; in the free state it constitutes ethane. 
d.-acetal, C4H10O2, a colorless ethereal liquid obtained 
from aldehyde, methylalcohol, and glacial acetic acid 
with heat; it is used as an anesthetic, alone or com- 
bined with one-half its volume of chloroform. Syn., 
ethylidenedimethyl ether. d.-amidoantipyrine. See 
pyramidon. d.-amidoazobenzene, C14H15N3. It is 
used as an indicator in alkalimetry and as a fat color. 
Syn., butter yellow, d.-amidophenyl-dimethyl-pyra- 
zolon. See pyramidon. d.-arsin. See cacodyl. 

pu 

d. sulphate, p„ >S04, a colorless, oily fluid much 

used in chemical manipulation and giving rise to 
poisoning with marked local and pulmonary symp- 
toms, convulsions, coma, and paralysis, d.-xanthin. 
1. See paraxanthin. 2. See theobromine. 

dimethylamine (di-meth-il-am'-in), NC2H7. A 
nontoxic ptomaine found in putrefying gelatin, old 
decomposing yeast, etc. 

dimethylated (di-meth' '-il-a-ted) . Combined with 
two molecules of methyl. 

dimetria (di-me'-tre-ah) [8is, double; nvrpa, the 
womb]. The condition of having a double uterus. 

dimorphism (di-morf -izm) [8ls, double; pop<j>ri, 
form]. The property of assuming or of existing 
under two distinct forms. 

dimorphobiotic (di-mor-fo-bi-ot'-ik) [dis; (iop<f>r), 
shape; ffiwais, life}. Relating to an organism which 
runs through two or more morphologically distinct 
phases in its life-history — a free stage and a parasitic 
stage. 

dimorphous (di-mor'-fus) [dis; iiop<pr), form]. 
Existing in two forms. 

dimple (dim'-pl). A slight depression. 

dineuric (di-nu'-rik) [dis; vevpov, nerve]. Pro- 
vided with two neuraxons; said of a nerve-cell. 

dinic, dinical (din'-ik, din'-ik-al) [Slvos, whirl]. 
Pertaining to or useful in the relief of vertigo. 

dinitrate (di-ni'-trat). A compound resulting from 
the replacement of the hydrogen of two molecules 
of nitric acid by a base. 

dinitrocellulose (di-ni-tro-seV-u-los). See pyroxy- 
lin. 

dinitrocresol {di-ni-tro-kre'-sol), C7H6N2O5. Ex- 
plosive crystals melting at 85 ° C. The potassium 
salt of o-dinitrocresol is an excellent insecticide and 
an efficient remedy in scabies, and mixed with equal 
parts of soap is, under the name of antinonnin, used 
as an insecticide and to destroy rats and mice. A 
mixture of the potassium salts of o-dinitrocresol and 
^-dinitrocresol, a commercial substitute for saffron, 
has been employed with fatal results. 

dinitroresorcin (di-ni-tro-re-zor'-sin), C6H4N2O6 + 
2H2O. It is employed in histological preparations. 
Syn., ordinary dinitroresorcin. 

dinner pills. A name applied to various mild 



cathartic pills taken after meals. See Lady Webster 
pill 

dinomania (din-o-ma'-ne-ah) [Slvos, a whirling 
dance; pavia, mania]. Dancing-mania, choromania, 
q. v. 

dinus (di'-nus) [Sivos, whirl]. Vertigo or dizziness. 

dioecious (di-e'-shus). See diecious. 

dioform (di'-o-form). Acetylene dichloride, a 
volatile narcotic. 

diogmus (di-og'-mus) [8iuyp.6s, a chase]. Palpi- 
tation of the heart. 

diomorphine (di-o-mor'-fen). A mixture of dionine 
and morphine. 

dionin (di'-o-nin), C2H5O . (OH) . CnHnNO . HC1 
+H2O. Ethylmorphine hydrochloride. It is anal- 
gesic, antispasmodic, and sedative, and is employed 
in diseases of the respiratory passages and in mor- 
phinism. Dose |-| gr. (o.or-0.03 Gm.). 

dioning (di-o'-ning) [ALwvn, the mother of Aphro- 
dite, afterward applied to Aphrodite herself]. Nor- 
mal love between the opposed sexes; as distinguished 
from urning, abnormal love between the same sexes. 

dionym (di'-o-nim) [Sis, two; bvopa, name]. 
A name consisting of two words, as medulla oblongata; 
corpus callosum. 

diophthalmus (di-off-thal'-mus). See diprosopus. 

diopsimeter (di-op-sim' -et-er) [Stoats, clear vision; 
ukrpov, a measure]. An instrument for exploration 
of the visual field. 

diopter (di-op'-ter) [81a, through; 6\f/e<r9ai, to see]. 
The unit of measurement of the refractive power 
of an optic lens. It is the refractive power of a lens 
that has a focal distance of one meter. 

dioptometer (di-op-tom' -et-er). An instrument for 
determining ocular refraction. Same as optometer. 

dioptometry (di-op-tom' -et-re) [diopter; p-krpov, a 
measure]. The measurement of the accommodative 
and refractive states of the eye. 

dioptoscopy (di-op-tos'-ko-pe) [diopter; aKovtlv, to 
examine]. A method of estimating ocular refraction 
by means of the ophthalmoscope. 

dioptral (di-op'-tral). Pertaining to a dioptry; 
expressed in dioptrics. 

dioptric (di-op'-trik) [diopter]. 1. Pertaining to 
transmitted and refracted light. 2. A diopter. 

dioptrics (di-op'-triks). A branch of optics treating 
of the refraction of light by transparent media, 
especially by the media of the eye. 

dioptroscopy (di-op-tros'-ko-pe). Same as diopto- 
scopy. See also retinoscopy. 

dioptry (di-op'-tre). See diopter. 

dioradin (di-o-ra'-din). Trade name of the "radio- 
active menthol-iodine" remedy proposed for tuber- 
culosis 

diorthosis (di-or-tho'-sis) [5id, throughout; bpdbeiv, 
to straighten]. The surgical correction of a de- 
formity, or repair of an injury done to a limb. 

diorthotic (di-or-thot'-ik). Relating to or effecting 
a diorthosis. 

dioscorea (di-os-ko'-re-ah) [Dioscorides, Greek 
physician and botanist]. Wild yam, colic root. 
The rhizome of D. villosa, a creeping-plant, indigenous 
to the Eastern U. S. It is claimed to be expectorant, 
diaphoretic, and stimulant to the intestinal canal, 
in large doses causing neuralgic pains and erotic 
excitement. It is used successfully for bilious colic. 
fiuidextract, of standard strength, dose nj xv-xxx. 

dioscorein (di-os-ko'-re-in) [Dioscorides, a Greek 
botanist]. A precipitate from a tincture of the 
root of Dioscorea villosa. It is antispasmodic, 
expectorant, and diaphoretic. Dose 5 to 4 grains. 

diose (di'-os). A monosaccharide containing only 
two carbon atoms; it is the simplest form of sugar. 

diosmic (di-oz'-mik). Containing two atoms of 
osmium as a quadrivalent radical. 

diosmin (di-oz'-miri) [8ios, divine; bap.ii, odor]. 
An active principle obtained from various species of 
Buchu. It is an amorphous, bitter substance. 

diosmosis (di-os-mo' -sis) . Same as osmosis. 

diosmotic (di-oz-mot'-ik) [816., through; dxr/zos, im- 
pulse]. Pertaining to osmosis. 

Diospyros (di-os'-pi-ros) [Aios, of Jove ; irvpos, grain; 
fruit]. A genus of trees of the order Ebenacece. The 
bark of D. virginiana, the persimmon-tree of the 
United States, is astringent, tonic, antiperiodic, and 
hemostatic, and is used in diarrhea, intermittent 
fever, and uterine hemorrhage. Dose of fiuidextract 
30-60 min. (3-4 Cc). 

diostosis (di-os-to'-sis) [Sid, away from; barkov, a 
bone]. Displacement of a bone. 



DIOTIC 



296 



DIPLOSCOPE 



diotic (di-ot'-ik) [8is, two; oCs, &t6s, ear]. Bi- 
naural; pertaining to both ears. 

dioviburnia (di-o-vi-bur'-ne-ah). A proprietary- 
combination of equal parts of the fluidextracts of 
viburnum opulus, v. prunifolium, chamalirium carolini- 
anum, caulophyllum thalictroides, aletris farinosa, 
mitchella repens, Scutellaria lateriflora, and dioscorea 
villosa. It is antispasmodic and anodyne, and is 
used in dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea, etc. 

dioxide (di-oks'-id) [Sis, two; 5£us, sharp]. A 
molecule containing two atoms of oxygen and one 
of a base. 

dioxogen (di-ok'-so-jen). Trade name for a solution 
of hydrogen dioxide. 

dioxyanthranol, dioxyanthrol (di-oks-e-an'-thran-ol, 
-throl). See anthrarobin. 

dioxybenzene (di-oks-e-ben'-zen). See hydroqui- 
none. 

dioxydiamidoarsenobenzol (di-ok-se-di-am'-id-o-ar- 
sen-o-ben'-zol). Salvarsan; a synthetic compound 
considered a specific for syphilis. 

dioxygen (di-oks'-e-jen), H2O2. A term intro- 
duced for a preparation of pure hydrogen dioxide. 

dioxynaphthalene (di-oks-e-naf-thal-en), C10H8O2. 
A toxic compound used as a roborant. The daily 
dose is 3 gr. (0.19 Gm.). 

dioxytoluene (di-oks-e-tol'-u-en). Same as orcin. 

dip. The deviation from the horizontal position 
shown by a freely suspended magnetic needle. 

dipentene {di-pen' -ten) , C10H16. Cinene; a com- 
pound produced by heating pinene, camphor, and 
limonene to 2S0°-300° C. It is present in the 
Russian and Swedish turpentine oil. It is a liquid 
with an agreeable lemon-like odor; sp. gr. 0.853; 
boils at I75°-I76° C. 

dipeptide (di-pep'-tid). A protein substance con- 
sisting of two aminoacids. 

diphenyl (di-fen'-il), C12H10. A hydrocarbon 
resulting from the action of sodium upon brom- 
benzene in ether or benzene. It is also present in 
coal-tar. 

diphtheria (dif-the'-re-ah) [8i4>6kpa, a skin or 
membrane]. An acute infectious disease caused by 
the Klebs-Loeffier bacillus. It is characterized by the 
formation, on a mucous membrane, most frequently 
that of the pharynx, of a false membrane, grayish 
or buff in color, and quite firmly adherent. Any 
mucous membrane, as the laryngeal, nasal, conjunc- 
tival, and, more rarely, the gastrointestinal, vaginal, 
and that of the middle ear, may be the seat of the 
disease. The membrane may also be formed on 
wounds — surgical or wound-diphtheria, d., Breton- 
neau's, true diphtheria of the pharynx, first described 
by P. Bretonneau (1826). d. toxin, a toxalbumin 
produced by Bacillus diphtheria; it is destroyed by a 
temperature over 60° C., and is capable of causing 
in susceptible animals the same phenomena induced 
by inoculation with the living bacilli. 

diphtherial (dif-the'-re-al). Pertaining to diph- 
theria. 

diphtheric (dif-ther'-ik). See diphtheritic. 

diphthericide (dif-ther'-is~id). A proprietary 
prophylactic against diphtheria, said to consist of 
thymol, sodium benzoate, and saccharin. 

diphtherin (dif'-ther-in). See diphtheria toxin. 

diphtheriolysin (dif-the-re-ol'-is-in). A lysin having 
a specific action on diphtheria toxin. 

diphtheritic (dif-ther-it'-ik) [diphtheria]. Of or per- 
taining to diphtheria. 

diphtheritis (dif-ther-i'-tis). See diphtheria. 

diphtheroid {dif'-ther-oid) [diphtheria]. 1. Re- 
sembling diphtheria. 2. A general term for all 
pseudomembranous formations not due to bacillus 
diphtheria. 

diphtherotoxin (dif-ther-o-toks'-in). See diphtheria 
toxin. 

diphthongia (dif-thon'-je-ah) [bis, double; <f>66yyos, 
a voice]. The production of a double tone of the 
voice, due to incomplete unilateral paralysis of the 
recurrent laryngeal nerve, or to some lesion of the 
vocal bands that causes each to produce its own 
sound. 

diphyodont (dif-e-o-dont) [Si^wfr, twofold; 6Sovs, 
tooth]. In biology, having two sets of teeth, as the 
milk-teeth and the permanent teeth. 

diplacusis (dip-lak-ii'-sis) [6i7rX6oo-, double; &Kov<ns, 
hearing]. 1. The hearing of a tone as higher by one 
ear than by the other. Syn., diplacusis binauralis. 
2. The hearing of two tones by one ear when only one 
tone is produced. Syn., diplacusis uniauralis. 



di plasmatic (di-plaz-mat'-ik) [Sis, two; ir\&<Tixa t 
something formed]. Containing matter other than 
protoplasm; said of cells. 

diplastic (di-plas'-tik) [Sis, two; ifhaaveiv, to form]. 
A term applied to cells having two substances in 
their constitution. 

diplegia (di-ple'-je-ah) [Sis, double; nXriyn, stroke]. 
Paralysis of similar parts on the two sides of the body. 
d., spastic cerebral, of infancy. See Little's disease. 

diplegic (di-ple'-jik) [Sis, double; irK-qyii, stroke]. 
Relating to or of the nature of diplegia. 

diplo- [Sufhoos, double]. A prefix signifying 
double. 

diploalbuminuria (dip-lo-al-bu-tnin-u'-re-ah) [diplo-; 
albuminuria]. The coexistence or alternation of 
physiological and pathological albuminuria in the 
same subject. 

diplobacillus (dip-lo-bas-il'-us) [diplo-; bacillus], 
A double bacillus. 

diplobacterium (dip-lo-bak-te'-re-um) [diplo-; bac- 
terium]. A bacterial form made up of two adherent 
bacteria. 

diploblastic idip-lo-blas'-tik) [diplor; PKaoros, a 
germ]. Having two germinal layers. 

diplocardiac (dip-lo-kar'-de-ak) [diplo-; napSia, 
heart]. Having a double heart. 

diplocephalia (dip-lo-sef-a'-le-ah) [diplo-; Ke<pa\-n, 
the head]. A two-headed monstrosity. 

diplocephalus (dip-lo-sef-al-us). A monster with 
a single body and two heads. 

diplococcus (dip-lo-kok'-us) [diplo-; kokkos, a 
berry]. A micrococcus that occurs in groups of two. 
See Micrococci, table of. 

diplocoria (dip-lo-ko'-re-ah) [diplo-; /copy, pupil]. 
Double pupil. 

diploe (dip'-lo-e) [8nr\6ri, a fold]. The cancellous 
bony tissue between the outer and inner tables of 
the skull. 

diploetic (dip-lo-et'-ik) [diploe]. Relating to the 
diploe; diploic. 

diplogenesis (dip-lo-jen'-es-is) [diplo-; ykv€<ns, 
production]. 1. The development of a double or 
twin monstrosity. 2. The process described by 
Pigne' in 1846 whereby congenital tumors are formed 
by the inclusion of embryonic remains. 

diploic (dip-lo'-ik) [diploe]. See diploetic. 

diploma {dip-lo'-mah). A document granted by 
an authorized body of men, showing that the re- 
cipient has performed certain work under the pre- 
scribed conditions, and is entitled to a definite pro- 
fessional rank and title. 

diplomellituria (dip-lo-mel-it-u'-re-ah) [diplo-; melli- 
turia]. The coexistence or alternation of diabetic 
and non-diabetic glycosuria in the same subject. 

diplomeric (dip-lorn' -er-ik) [diplo-; fiepos, a part]. 
Applied to muscles arising from two myotomes; 
e. g., the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles. 

diplomyelia (dip-lo-mi-e'-le-ah) [diplo-; tivehbs, 
marrow]. An apparent doubleness of the spinal 
cord, produced by a longitudinal fissure. 

diploneural (dip-lo-nii'-ral) [diplo-; vtvpov, nerve]. 
Pertaining to a muscle, or other structure, supplied 
by the nerves. 

diplophonia (dip-lo-fo'-ne-ah) [diplo-; <t>wvri, voice]. 
A rare symptom of laryngeal disease in which a 
double note is produced in the larynx. Cf. diph- 
thongia. 

diplopia (dip-lo'-pe-ah) [diplo-; 6\f/is, sight]. Double 
vision, one object being seen by the eye or eyes as 
two. d., binocular, the most frequent, is due to a 
derangement of the muscular balance, the images of 
the object being thereby thrown upon nonidentical 
points of the retina?, d., crossed, d., heteronymous, 
the result of divergent strabismus, the image of the 
right eye appearing upon the left side and that of 
the left eye upon the right side, d., direct, d., 
homonymous, the reverse of crossed diplopia, found 
in convergent strabismus, d., monocular, diplopia 
with a single eye, usually due to hysteria, to double 
pupil, or beginning cataract. 

diplopic (dip-lo'-pik) [diplo-; 6\pis, sight]. Relating 
to or affected with diplopia. 

diplopiometer (dip-lo-pe-om'-et-er) [diplo-; 5^«, 
sight; ukrpov, measure]. An instrument for measur- 
ing the degree of double vision. 

diplosal (dip'-lo-sal). A proprietary name for the 
salicylate of salicylic acid. 

diploscope (dip'-lo-skop) [diplo-; aKoirelv, to ex- 
amine]. An instrument for the investigation of 
bino ular vision. 



DIPLOTERATOGRAPHY 



297 



DISCOUS 



diploteratography (dip-lo-ter-at-og'-ra-fe) [diplo-; 
repots, a monster; ypa<t>eiv, to write]. The descrip- 
tion and diagnosis of special forms of double monsters. 

diploteratology (dip-lo-ter-at-ol'-o-je) [diplo-; rkpas, 
a monster; Xoyos, science]. The science of twin 
monstrosities. 

dipolar (di-po'-lar). See bipolar. 

dipotassic (di-po-tas'-ik) [di, two; potassium]. 
Containing two atoms of potassium in a molecule. 

Dippel's animal oil (dipl) [Johann Conrad Dippel, 
German alchemist, 1673-1734]- Oleum cornu cervi. 
An oil obtained in distilling bone and deer's horn. 
It contains pyridin and lutidin. It is antispasmodic 
and stimulant. 

dipping (dip'-ing). Palpating the liver by sudden 
pressure. 

dipping needle. A magnetic needle so hung that 
it can move freely in a vertical plane. 

diprosopia (di-pro-so' -pe-ah) [Sis, double; trpoaciirov, 
face]. In teratology, the duplication of the face. 

diprosopus (di-pros-o'-pus) [Sis, double; irpoffa-n-ov, 
face]. A monster characterized by a duplicity of the 
face and head, frequently associated with hydro- 
cephalus, acrania, defective development of the 
brain, and spina bifida. 

dipsesis (dip-se'-sis). Extreme thirst. 

dipsetic (dip-set' -ik) [SiforiKos, causing thirst]. 
Causing or attended with thirst. 

dipsomania (dip-so-ma'-ne-ah) [Stya, thirst; navla, 
madness]. The uncontrollable desire for spirituous 
liquors. 

dipsomaniac (dip-so-ma'-ne-ak). A person affected 
with dipsomania. 

dipsopathy (dip-sop' -ath-e) [Sl\pa, thirst; irQaos, 
disease]. The thirst-cure; the treatment of disease 
by limiting the liquids ingested. 

dipsorrhexia (dip-sor-eks'-e-ah) [Stya, thirst; op«|ts, 
appetite]. Thebault's term for that early stage of 
alcoholism in which no organic lesions have as yet 
appeared in consequence of the alcoholic poisoning, 
but when the appetite has been developed. 

dipsosis (dip-so' -sis). See dipsesis. 

Diptera (dip'-ter-ah) [Sis, two; irrkpov, wing]. 
An order of insects including the fleas, flies, and 
mosquitoes. 

Dipterocarpus (dip-ter-o-kar'-pus) [Slirrepos, two- 
winged; Kapwds, fruit]. A genus of trees, chiefly 
found in southern Asia, some of which furnish gurjun 
balsam. 

dipterous (dip'-ter-us) [Sis, two; irrkpov, wing]. 
In biology, having two wings or wing-like processes. 

Dipteryx (dip'-ter-iks) [Sis, two; vTkpvl-, a wing]. 
A genus of leguminous trees, d. odorata, the tree 
that produces the Tonka bean, q. v. The seeds are 
stimulant, antispasmodic, and antiseptic; used in 
whooping-cough and for flavoring. Dose of fluid- 
extract, 5-30 m (0.3-1.8 c.c). 

dipygus (dip'-ig-us) [Sis, double; irvyri, buttocks]. 
A monstrosity with more or less duplication of the 
pelvis and lower parts of the back. 

Dipylidium (di-pi-lid'-e-um) [SlirvXos, with two 
entrances]. A genus of parasitic platode worms. 

diradiation (di-ra-de-a'-shun). See actinobolia (1). 

direct (di-rekf) [directus, straight]. In a right or 
straight line; without the interposition of some 
medium, d. current, a galvanic current, d. image. 
See image, direct, d. murmur. See under murmur. 
d. ophthalmoscopy. See ophthalmoscopy, d. vision, 
the perception of an object the image of which falls 
upon the macula. 

direction (di-rek'-shun) [dirigere, to direct]. Rela- 
tive position considered without regard to linear 
distance, d.-spindle, a fusiform body of the ovule, 
stretching from the germinal vesicle toward the 
surface. 

director (di-rek'-tor) [direct]. Anything that guides 
or directs, d., grooved, an instrument grooved to 
guide the knife in surgical operations. 

dirigomotor (dir-ig-o-mo'-tor) [dirigere, to direct; 
motor, a mover]. Controlling motor action. 

dirt (dert). Excrement; feces, d.-eating. See 
chthonophagia and geophagism. 

dis- [Sis, twice]. 1. A prefix denoting two or 
double. 2. A prefix denoting apart from. 

disaccharide (di-sak'-ar-id). A carbohydrate 
formed by the condensation of two monosaccharide 
molecules. 

disarthral (dis-ar'-thraV) [Sis, twice; apdpov, a 
joint]. Relating to muscles that pass over two 
joints, e. g., the biceps. 



disarticulation (dis-ar-tik-u-la'-shun) [dis-, articu- 
lum, a joint]. Separation at a joint; amputation at 
a joint. 

disassimilation (dis-as-sim-il-a'-shun) . The process 
of transformation of assimilated substances into 
waste-products. Failure or loss of assimilative 
power. 

disassociation (dis-as-o-se-a'-shun) [dis, apart; 
associare, to unite with]. In chemistry, the decom- 
position of a compound by heat, the molecules 
reuniting on the removal of the heat; dissociation. 

disc, disk [discus; SIvkos, a quoit or round platej. 
A circular, plate-like organ or structure, d., ani- 
sotropous. See d., sarcous. d., Becquerel's. See 
Becquerel's disc, d., blood-. See blood-corpuscle. 
d., choked. See papillitis, d., contractile, d., dark. 
See d., sarcous. d., cupped. See cupped disc. 
d.-diameter, the diameter of the optic disc, d., 
epiphyseal, the broad articular surface with slightly 
elevated rim on each end of the centrum of a vertebra. 
Syn., epiphyseal plate, d., equatorial. See plate, 
equatorial, d., germinal, the small disc of the 
blastodermic membrane, in which the first traces of 
the embryo are seen, d., intermediate. See 
Krause's membrane, d., interstitial, the more trans- 
lucent cementing substance conjoining the sarcous 
elements, and to which the lighter narrower stria? 
of the muscle-fiber and the intervals of the fibrils 
are due. Syn., Englemann's lateral disc; isotropous 
disc; lateral disc; light disc, d.s, intervertebral. 
See intervertebral discs, d., invisible. See Norris' 
invisible corpuscles, d., isotropous, d., lateral, d., 
light. See d., interstitial, d., median, d., middle. 
See Krause's membrane, d., nuclear. See plate, 
equatorial, d., optic, the circular area in the retina 
that represents the termination of the optic nerve. 
d., ovigerous. See discus proligerus. d., Placido's. 
See Placido's disc, d., sarcous, the dark, broad, 
transverse stripe of striated muscle-fiber; it is aniso- 
tropic and supposed to represent the proper contrac- 
tile substance of the fiber. Syn., anisotropic disc; 
contractile disc; dark disc; principal disc; transverse 
disc, d., Schiefferdecker's intermediate. See under 
Schieffer decker, d., stenopeic, a lens allowing the 
passage of light-rays only through a straight narrow 
slit; it is used for testing astigmatism, d., tactile, d., 
terminal. See meniscus, tactile, and Ranvier's tactile 
discs, d., transverse. See d., sarcous. d., vitelline. 
See discus proligerus. 

discharge (dis-charj') [OF., descharger, to unload]. 

1. A morbid secretion. 2. Any evacuation; also 
that which is evacuated. 3- A setting free or escape 
of pent-up energy. In electricity the restoration to a 
neutral electric condition by which a highly electri- 
fied body gives off its surplus of electricity to sur- 
rounding objects less highly electrified, d., con- 
ductive, an electric discharge taking place through 
conduction, d., convective, an electric discharge in 
which the charged particles of a fluid convey the 
electricity, d., disruptive, an electric discharge 
with emission of heat and sound. 

discharger (dis-char'-jer). An instrument for 
setting free electricity stored in a Leyden jar or 
other condenser. 

discharging (dis-char'-jing). Unloading; flowing 
out, as pus, etc. d. lesion, a brain-lesion that causes 
sudden discharges of nervous motor impulses. 

disciform (dis'-e-form). Disc-shaped. 

discission (dis-ish'-un) [discissio; discindere, to 
tear or cut apart]. 1. An operation for soft cataract 
in which the capsule is lacerated a number of times 
to allow the lens-substance to be absorbed. 2. See 
Ransohoff's operation. 

discoblastic (dis-ko-blas'-tik) [disc; /SXacrros, a 
germ]. Undergoing discoid segmentation of the 
vitellus ; 

discoid (dis'-koid) [disc]. 1. Shaped like a disc. 

2. An excavator having a blade in the form of a 
disc. 

discoloration (dis-kul-ur-a' -shun) [discolor, of 
different colors]. A change in or loss of the natural 
color of a part. 

discophorous (dis-kof'-or-us) [disc; <t>kpeiv, to bear]. 
Furnished with a disciform organ or part. 

disco placenta (dis-ko-pla-sen'-lah). See placenta, 
discoid. 

discoplasm, discoplasma (dis'-ko-plazm, -plaz'- 
mah). The plasma of red blood-corpuscles. 

discoria (dis-ko'-re-ah). See dy scoria. 

discous (dis'-kus) [disc]. Discoid. 



DISCRETE 



298 



DISLOCATION 



discrete (dis-kret') [discretus, separated]. Not 
running together; separate; the opposite of con- 
fluent. 

discus (dis f -kus) [L., "a disc"]. A disc. See 
disc. d. articularis, interarticular fibrocartilage. 
d. proligerus, the mass of cells of the membrana 
granulosa of the Graafian vesicle that surround the 
ovum. 

discussion (dis-kush'-un) [discussio]. The scatter- 
ing or driving away of a swelling, effusion, or tumor. 

discutient (dis-ku'-shent) [discutere, to shake apart], 
i. Capable of effecting resolution. 2. A medicine 
having the power of causing an exudation to dis- 
appear. 

disdiaclast (dis-di'-ak-last) [5ls, double; Sia, 
through; k\5ii>, to break]. One of the small, doubly 
refractive elements in the contractile discs of a 
muscle-fiber. 

disease (diz-ez') [dis, negative; ease, a state of 
rest]. A disturbance of function or structure of any 
organ or part of the body, d., acute, a disease 
marked by rapid onset and short course, d., acute 
specific. 1. An infectious febrile disease. 2. Acute 
syphilis, d., amyloid. Same as amyloid degenera- 
tion, d., anserine, muscular wasting of the hand, 
the prominent tendons suggesting a goose's foot. 
d., autogenous, one due to failure on the part of 
some group of body-cells to perform its function. 
d., bad, syphilis, d., barometer-maker's. See 
under barometer, d., bleeders'. Synonym -of hemo- 
philia, d., blue, cyanosis, d., boiler-maker's, 
deafness to high-pitched tones, occurring in boiler- 
makers, d., brass-founders', _ chronic poisoning 
from working in brass, d., caisson-. See caisson- 
disease, d., choleraic, a tropical affection resembling 
cholera, due to the ingestion of poisonous fish. Cf. 
siguatera. d., cholesterin, amyloid degeneration. 
d., chronic, one that is slow in its course, d., con- 
stitutional, one in which a system of organs or the 
whole body is involved, d., cyclic, a disease fol- 
lowing cycles or periods of exacerbation or change. 
d., cystic, of the breast. See Reclus' disease, d., 
dancing, tarantism. d., divers', an affection similar 
to caisson-disease, d., elevator, an affection of the 
heart occurring in elevator-men. Syn., liftman's 
heart, d., enthetic, one introduced extraneously; 
an infectious disease, d., entozootic, one due to the 
presence of animal parasites within the body, d.s, 
eponymic, those named after individuals. See under 
name of the individual for definition, d., fifth, 
erythema infectiosum. d., fish-skin, ichthyosis. 
d., fish-slime, a peculiar form of septicemia due to 
punctured wounds by fish-spines, d., flax-dresser's, 
pneumonia from inhalation of particles of flax. 
d., fleshworm, trichinosis, d., flint. Synonym of 
chalicosis. d., focal, a localized disease, d., fourth, 
Clement Dukes' term for a contagious disease 
resembling measles, scarlatina, and rubella, or rose- 
rash, but distinct. Syn., quatrieme fievre eruptive. 
d., functional, a disease without discoverable organic 
lesion, d., fungous, of India, a prevalent endemic 
disease of India affecting the extremities and dis- 
organizing the tissues, due to the implantation of 
spores in the tissues, d., guinea- worm. See 
guinea-worm disease, d., habit, one that results from 
long continuation and frequent repetition of an 
act. d.s, heterotoxic, those due to toxic substances 
introduced from without the body. d., hook- 
worm. See hookworm disease, d., hydrocephaloid, 
a disease of children resembling hydrocephalus, fol- 
lowing premature weaning, d., idiopathic, one that 
exists by itself without any connection with another 
disorder; one of which the cause is unknown, d., 
infectious, one arising from the invasion, growth, and 
multiplication in the body of specific, pathogenic 
microorganisms which produce a chemical poison 
that induces its characteristic effects, d., inter- 
current, a disease occurring during the progress of 
another of which it is independent, d., internal, 
one affecting the internal organs, d., jumping, a 
form of choromania. See jumpers, d., lardaceous, 
amyloid degeneration, d., local, one confined to 
some particular region of the body or to one tissue 
or organ, d., malignant mold-fungus, an affection 
of the skin and mucosa, especially of the mouth, 
lips, and nose; described by de Hahn as due to a 
mold-fungus, d., mitral, one affecting the mitral 
valves, d., mucous (Starr), a form of chronic 
gastrointestinal catarrh in children. It consists of a 
mucous flux, from the whole internal surface of the 



alimentary canal, which interferes mechanically 
with the digestion and absorption of food, and so 
impedes nutrition as to suggest the presence of 
tubercles. It usually arises between the fourth and 
the twelfth year, frequently as a sequel of pertussis. 
d., mucous (Whitehead), d., mucous (of the colon). 
See colitis, mucous, d., occupation, any one of the 
nervous affections due to the habitual performance 
of the duties of some occupation, d., organic, one 
due to structural changes, d., pandemic, a disease 
epidemic over a wide area, d., parasitic, one due 
to an animal or vegetable parasite, d., parenchy- 
matous, that affecting the parenchyma of an organ. 
d., pearl, bovine tuberculosis, d.s, protozoal, 
pathological conditions due to the invasion of the body 
by protozoa, d., protozoic (of Posadas, Wernicke, 
etc.). See dermatitis, blastomycetic. d., pulpy, 
tuberculous arthritis, d., ragsorter's. See rag- 
picker's disease, d., Scythian. See Scythian, d., 
septic, one arising from the development of pyogenic 
or putrefactive organisms within ' the body, d., 
septinous, a form of septic disease in which there is 
absorption of the toxic substance through an abrasion 
of the mucosa of the alimentary canal, d., seven 
days', trismus, d., specific, one caused by the 
introduction of a specific virus or poison within the 
body; also used as a synonym of syphilis, d., 
straddling. See quebrabunda. d., structural, one 
involving a change of structure in the part first 
affected, d., summer, cholera infantum, d., supra- 
renal-capsule, Addison's disease, d., system, one 
affecting a number of tissues having a common 
function, d., teataster's, a disorder characterized 
by extreme neurasthenia, rapid heart action, fibrillary 
muscular twitching, and paresthesia due to excessive 
use of tea. d., tricuspid, that of the tricuspid valves. 
d., tsetse-fly, an African disease of horses, cattle, 
and other stock due to the Trypanosoma brucei, 
which is transmitted by the tsetse-fly, Glossina 
morsitans. d., vagabond's. See vagabond, d., ven- 
ereal, one due to sexual intercourse, d., wool- 
sorter's, anthrax, d., zymotic, a disease arising 
from the introduction and multiplication of some 
living germ within the body. 

disengagement (dis-en-gaj'-ment) [Fr., desengager, 
to disengage]. Emergence from a confined state; 
especially the escape of the head of the fetus from the 
vaginal canal. 

disfigurement (dis-fig'-ur-menf) [dis, priv. ; figurare, 
to fashion]. Blemish; deformity. 

disgorgement (dis-gorj'-menl) [OF., desgorger, to 
vomit]. 1. Ejection by vomiting. 2. The sub- 
sidence of an engorgement. 

disgregation (dis-greg-a'-shun) [disgregare, to separ- 
ate]. Dispersion; separation, as of molecules or 
cells. 

disinfect (dis-in-fekt'). To destroy or remove 
pathogenic substances or organisms, or to render them 
inert. 

disinfectant (dis-in-fek'-tant) [dis, negative; inficere, 
to corrupt]. An agent that destroys the germs of 
disease, fermentation, and putrefaction. 

disinfectin (dis-in-fek'-tin). A brown liquid 
obtained from treating 5 parts of the residue of 
naphtha-distillation with 1 part of concentrated 
sulphuric acid and the resulting product with 5 parts 
of 10 % soda solution. Diluted it is used as a dis- 
infectant. 

disinfection (dis-in-fek'-shun) [see disinfectant]. 
The destroying or removal of pathogenic germs, 
especially by means of chemical substances. 

disinfectol (dis-in-fek'-tol). An antiseptic sub- 
stance analogous to creolin and lysol. It is used 
in the form of a two to five per cent, emulsion. 

disinfector (dis-in-fek'-tor). An apparatus for the 
purpose of disinfection. 

disintegrate (dis-in'-te-grat) [dis; integer, the whole]. 
To break up or decompose. 

disintoxication (dis-in-toks-ik-a'-shun). See detoxi- 
fication. 

disinvagination {dis-in-vaj-in-a' -shun) [dis, neg.; 
in, in; vagina, a sheath]. The reduction or relief of 
an invagination. 

disjoint (dis-joint'). To disarticulate; to separate, 
as bones, from their natural relations. 

disk. See disc. 

dislocation (dis-lo-ka'-shun) [dis; locare, to place]. 
The displacement of one or more bones of a joint 
or of any organ from its natural position. See 
Callaway's, Dugas', Hamilton's tests, d., complete, 



DISODIC 



299 



DISTILLATION 



one in which the joint-surfaces are entirely separated 
d., compound, one in which the joint communicates 
with the external air through a wound, d., consecu- 
tive, one in which the displaced bone is not in the 
same position as when originally displaced, d., 
divergent, separate dislocation of the ulna and 
radius, d., double, displacement at the same time 
of corresponding bones on both sides of the body. 
d., habitual, one that recurs repeatedly from a 
relaxed condition of the ligaments or from incom- 
plete repair of the articular capsule, d., Monteg- 
gia's. See under Monteggia. d., Nelaton's. See 
under Nelaton. d., old, one in which inflammatory 
changes have occurred, d., partial, d., incomplete, 
one in which the articulating surfaces remain in 
partial contact. Syn., subluxation, d., pathological, 
one the result of disease in the joint or of paralysis 
of the controlling muscles, d., primitive, one in 
which the bones remain as originally displaced. 
d., recent, one in which no inflammatory changes 
have ensued, d., relapsing. See d., habitual. 
d., simple, one in which there is no communication 
with the air through a wound, d., Smith's. See 
under Smith, d., subclavicular, one of the head of 
the humerus beneath the pectoralis major below the 
clavicle, d., subglenoid, one of the humerus directly 
below the glenoid fossa, d., subpubic, dislocation 
of the hip-joint below the pubes. d., subspinous, one 
in which the head of the humerus is held in the 
infraspinous fossa, d., thyroid, displacement of the 
head of the femur into the thyroid foramen, d., 
traumatic, that due to injury. 

_ disodic (di-so'-dik) [di, two; sodium], i. Contain- 
ing two atoms of sodium in the molecule. 2. (dis- 
od'-ik) [bis, twice; 656s, a way.] Furnished with or 
relating to two openings. 

disoma, disomus (di-so'-mah, -mus) [di-; aa>na, 
body; pi., disomata, disomi]. A monster having 
two trunks. 

disorder (dis-or'-der). See disease. 

disorganization (dis-or-gan-iz-a'-shun). Destruc- 
tion or loss of organic structure; complete pathologic 
or traumatic change in the minute structure of any 
tissue. 

disorientation {dis-o-re-en-ta'-shun). The loss of 
the ability to locate one's position in the environ- 
ment, or the mental confusion seen in psychic dis- 
orders. 

dispar {dis'-par) [L.J. Unequal. 

disparate (dis'-par-at) [dispar]. Not alike; unequal 
or unmated. d. points, nonidentical points of the 
two retinae. Diplopia is produced when the images 
of a single object fall upon such points. 

dis pareunia (dis-par-oo'-ne-ah). See dyspareunia. 

disparity (dis-par'-it-e) [dispar]. Difference; in- 
equality, d., crossed, a condition of binocular 
relief whereby in superimposed similar figures having 
their points of sharpest vision coinciding, a certain 
other point in the left field appears to be to the right, 
and the same point in the right field to the left, 
of the point of sharpest vision, d., uncrossed, a 
similar condition of binocular relief, but in which a 
point in the left is seen to the left of a similar point 
in the right field. 

dispensary (dis-pens'-ar-e) [(iispensare, to distri- 
bute]. A charitable institution where medical treat- 
ment is given to the poor and others. 

dispensatory (dis-pens'-at-or-e) . A treatise on 
materia medica and the composition, effects, and 
preparation of medicines. 

dispensing (dis-pens'-ing) [dispensare, to weigh 
out]. The measuring, weighing, and issuing of the 
drugs ordered in a prescription. 

dispermine (di-sperm'-in). See piper azine. 

dispermy (di-sperm'-e) [di-; airkpua, a seed]. The 
entrance of two spermatozoa into the ovum. 

dispersion (dis-per'-shun) [dispersus, scattered]. 
The act of scattering. In physics, the separation of a 
ray of light into its component parts by reflection or 
refraction; also, any scattering of light, as that which 
has passed through ground glass. 

dispirem (di-spi'-rem) [di-; spira, a spiral]. The 
two skeins of a dividing nucleus formed from the 
nuclear loops and in development giving rise to the 
daughter-nuclei. 

displacement (dis-plas'-ment) [Fr., desplacer, to 
displace]. 1. A putting-out of the normal position. 
2. Percolation, d., backward, d., dorsal (of the 
arm), a backward displacement, across the neck or 
occipital region, of one of the arms of the fetus, 



causing obstruction to delivery, d., fish-hook, a 
displacement of the stomach in which the pyloric 
orifice faces directly upward and the duodenum 
extends upward and to the right, connecting with 
the pylorus at an angle, which produces a constricting 
hook. 

disposition (dis-po-zish'-un) [dispositio, an ar- 
ranging]. Tendency, either physical or mental, to 
certain diseases. 

disruptive (dis-rup'-tiv). Bursting; rending, d. 
discharge. See discharge. 

dissect (dis-ekf) [dissecare, to cut up]. To cut 
tissues apart carefully and slowly, in order to allow 
study of the relations of a part. 

dissecting (dis-ek'-ting) [dissect]. Performing dis- 
section, d. aneurysm, an aneurysm in which there 
occurs a separation of the coats of an artery, with 
hemorrhage between. 

dissection (dis-ek'-shun). The cutting apart of 
the tissues of the body for purposes of study, d. 
tubercle, the same as verruca necrogenica. d.- 
wound, a septic wound acquired during dissection. 

dissector (dis-ek'-tor) [dissect], 1. One who makes 
a dissection. 2. Handbook or manual of anatomy 
and instructions for use in dissection. 3. An instru- 
ment used for separating structures in dissection or 
in a surgical operation. 

disseminated (dis-em'-in-a-ted) [disseminare, to 
scatter seed]. Scattered; spread over a large area. 
d. sclerosis, a disease of the central nervous system 
in which the areas of sclerosis are irregularly scattered 
throughout the cord and brain. Syn., multiple or 
insular sclerosis. 

dissemination {dis-em-in-a'-shun) [dis, apart; 
seminare, to sow]. The scattering or dispersion of 
disease or disease-germs. 

dissepiment (dis-ep'-e-ment) [dis, apart; scepire, 
to hedge in]. A partition, septum, or diaphragm. 

dissimilation {dis-im-il-a'-shun). See catabolism. 

dissipation (dis-ip-a'-shun) [dissipare, to scatter]. 
A dispersion of matter or of the morbid condition 
that causes disease. 

dissociation (dis-o-se-a'-shun) [dis-; sociare, to 
associate]. Separation, especially the separation of a 
complex compound into simpler molecules by the 
action of heat, d.-symptom, anesthesia to pain and 
to heat and cold, with preservation of tactile sensi- 
bility and of the muscular sense; it is observed in 
syringomyelia. 

dissolution (dis-o-lu'-shun) [dissolutio; dis solvere, 
to set free]. 1. The separation of a body or com- 
pound into its parts. 2. Death; decomposition. 

dissolve (diz-olv'). To make a solution of. 

dissolvent (diz-oV -vent) [dissolvere, to loosen, dis- 
solve]. A solvent or resolvent. 

dissonance (dis'-o-nans) [dissonare, to disagree in 
sound]. The combination of such tones as are so 
different from each other as to produce discord. 

distad {dis' -tad) [distare, to be at a distance; ad, to]. 
In the direction of the free extremity of an appendage 
or part. 

distal (dis'-tal) [distare, to be at a distance]. Ex- 
treme; at the greatest distance from a central point; 
peripheral. 

distally (dis'-tal-e) [distare, to be at a distance]. 
Distad. 

distance (dis'-tans) [distantia, distance]. The 
measure of space between two objects, d. focal, 
the distance between the center of a lens and its 
focus, d., working, in the microscope, the distance 
from the front lens of an objective to the object, 
when the objective is correctly focused. 

distemper (dis-tem'-per) [dislemperare, to dissolve]. 
1. Disease; malady; indisposition; most commonly 
applied to the diseases of animals. 2. A disease of 
young dogs, commonly considered as a catarrhal 
disorder. 

disten (dis'-ten) [distare, to be at a distance]. 
Belonging to the distal aspect in itself. 

distention (dis-ten' -shun) [distendere, to stretch]. 
The state of being dilated. 

distichia (dis-tik'-e-ah). See distichiasis. 

distichiasis (dis-tik-i'-as-is) [di-; crrixos, a row]. 
The condition in which there is a double row of 
eyelashes, the inner rubbing against the globe. See 
also entropion and trichiasis. 

distillate (dis'-til-at). The product obtained by 
distillation. 

distillation (dis-til-a'-shun) [distillare, to drop little 
by little]. The process of vaporizing and collecting 



DISTOBUCCAL 



300 



DOCIMASIOLOGY 



the vapor by condensation. It is used mainly in puri- 
fying liquids by separating them from non-volatile 
substances, d., destructive, the decomposition of an 
organic substance in a closed vessel in such a manner 
as to obtain liquid products, d., dry, distillation of 
solids without the addition of liquids, conducted 
within a closed vessel in order to hinder combustion. 
d., fractional, a method of separating substances from 
each other by distilling the mixture containing them 
at a gradually increased temperature, the different 
substances being vaporized and collected in the 
order of their volatility. 

distobuccal {dis-to-buk'-al) [distare, to separate; 
bucca, the cheek]. Relating to the distal and buccal 
walls of the bicuspid and molar teeth. 

distolabial (dis-to-la'-be-al) [distare, to separate; 
labium, lip]. Relating to the portions of the anterior 
teeth between their distal and labial walls. 

distolingual (dis-to-lin'-gwal) [distare, to separate; 
lingua, tongue]. Relating to the portions of teeth 
between their distal and lingual walls. 

Distoma, Distomum (dis'-to-mah, -mum) [di-; 
oTo/xa, a mouth], i. A genus of trematode worms 
which have an oral as well as a ventral sucker. 
2. A general term applied to various genera of trema- 
tode worms. See Schistosomum. D. haematobium, 
a species which, becoming lodged in the portal vessels 
and the veins of the mesentery and of the urinary tract 
causes a disease characterized by hematuria, anemia, 
and diarrhea. It is endemic in parts of the tropics. 
D. Ringeri, a variety infesting the lungs of man in 
China and Japan and causing periodic hemoptysis. 

distomatosis (di-sto-mat-o'-sis). See distomia. 

distomia (di-sto'-me-ah) [see distoma]. Congenital 
duplication of the mouth. 

distomiasis (dis-to-mi'-as-is) [distoma]. The pres- 
ence in the body of distoma. 

distomus (dis-to'-mus). See diprosopus. 

distortion (dis-tor'-shun) [distorquere, to distort]. 
I. A twisted or bent shape; deformity or malforma- 
tion, acquired or congenital. 2. A writhing or 
twisting motion, as of the face; a grimace. 

distortor oris (dis-tor'-tor o'-ris) [L., "the distortor 
of the mouth"]. The zygomaticus minor muscle. 
See muscles, table of. 

distraction (dis-trak'-shun) [distrahere, to draw 
apart]. A method of treating certain joint diseases 
and bone-fractures by extension and counterextension. 

distribution (dis-tri-bu'-shun) [distribuere, to dis- 
tribute]. The branching of a nerve or artery, and 
the arrangement of its branches within those parts 
that it supplies. 

distrix (dis-'triks) [Sis, two; dpl£, hair]. The 
splitting of the distal ends of the hair. 

disulphate (di-sul'-fat) [di-; sulphur]. A sulphate 
containing one atom of hydrogen that can be replaced 
by a base; an acid sulphate. 

disulphide (di-sul'-fid). A compound of an ele- 
ment or radical with two atoms of sulphur. 

disvolution (dis-vo-lu'-shun) [dis; volvere, to roll 
down]. Degeneracy; devolution; extreme cata- 
bolism. 

disvulnerability (dis-vul-ner-ab-il'-it-e) [dis, neg.; 
vulnerare, to wound]. The power of abnormally 
rapid recovery from wounds, said to be a peculiarity 
of many criminals. 

dita-bark (de'-tah-bark) [L.]. The bark of Alstonia 
scholaris, native to the Philippine Islands. It is 
employed as a tonic and antiperiodic in intermittent 
fever. Dose of the tincture 1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc); of 
the fluidextract 2-5 min. (0.13-0.32 Cc); of the 
powder 5 gr. (0.32 Gm.). 

ditaine (dit'-ah-in), C22H28N2O4. An alkaloid from 
dita-bark, used hypodermatically in tetanus. Dose 
■& gr. (0.005 Gm.) once or twice daily or until 
effectual. Syn., echitamine. 

ditamine (dit'-am-en). Same as ditainei 

dithan (dith'-an). See trional. 

dithion (dith'-e-on). A mixture of the two sodium 
dithiosalicylates occurring as a gray powder. It is 
used as an antiseptic wash (5 to 10 %) and dusting- 
powder in gonorrhea and in foot-and-mouth disease. 

dithymoldiiodide, dithmoliodide (di-thi-mol-di-i'-o- 
did, di-thi-moUi' -o-did) . Aristol. 

ditokus (dit'-o-kus) [5ts, two; reKeiv, to bring 
forth]. In biology, giving birth to twins, or laying 
two eggs. 

Dittel's operation (dit'-el). For enlarged prostrate; 
enucleation of the lateral lobes of the prostate by an 
external incision. 



Dittrich's plugs (dil'-rik) [Franz Dillrich, German 
physician, 1815-1859]. Dirty white or yellowish 
masses, consisting chiefly of fatty detritus, micro- 
organisms, and crystals of margarin; they are found 
in the sputum of putrid bronchitis and pulmonary 
gangrene. D.'s stenosis, stenosis of the conus 
arteriosus. 

diurazin (di-u'-ra-zin). A substance containing 
theobromin, formaldehyde and salicylic acid, used 
as a urinary antiseptic. Dose 6 gr. (0.4 gm.). 

diureid (di-u' -re-id). A substance derived from a 
double molecule of urea, by substituting a radical for 
hydrogen. 

diuresis (di-u-re'-sis) [Sta, through; ovpeiv, to 
urinate] . Abnormal increase in the secretion of urine. 

diuretic (di-u-ret'-ik) [diuresis]. 1. Increasing the 
flow of urine. 2. An agent that increases the 
secretion of urine, d.s, alternative, drugs eliminated 
by the kidney and used for their local action on 
the surfaces over which they pass, d.s, hydragogue, 
those that increase the flow of water from the kidneys. 
d.s, refrigerant, those that render the urine less irri- 
tating while not greatly increasing its flow. 

diuretin (di-u-re'-tin), CvH7NaN40 2 , CeHUOH- 
COONa. Theobromin sodiosalicylate. It has been 
found useful as a diuretic in pleuritic effusion and 
cardiac dropsy. Dose 90 gr. (6 Gm.) daily in four 
doses. 

diurnule (di-urn'-ul) [Fr.]. A form of medicinal 
tablet or capsule that contains the maximum quantity 
of a_ toxic drug that may be administered in 24 hours. 

divagation (di-vag-a'-shun) [divagatio, a wandering]. 
Incoherence of speech or thought. 

divalent (di'-va-lent). See bivalent. 

divaricatio palpebrarum {di-var-ik-a'-she-o, pal-pe- 
bra'-rum). Synonym of ectropion. 

divergence (di-ver'-jens). A separation, as of axes. 

divergent (di-ver'-jent) [diver gere, to diverge]. 
Moving in different directions from a common point. 
d. strabismus. See strabismus, divergent. 

divers' paralysis. See caisson-disease. 

diverticular (di-ver-tik'-u-lar) [diverticulum]. Re- 
lating to or arising from a diverticulum. 

diverticulitis (di-ver-tik-u-li'-tis). Inflammation 
of a diverticulum. 

diverticulum (di-ver-tik'-u-lum) [divertere, to turn]. 
A small pouch or sac springing from a main structure. 
d., false, a sacciform dilatation due to disease or injury. 
d., Heister's. See under Heister. d., Meckel's. 
See under Meckel, d., Pertik's. See under Pertik. 
d., pulsion, d., traction, a false diverticulum produced 
by traction on the outside of a hollow organ, d., 
Vater's. See Vater, ampulla of. 

divi-divi (div-e-div'-e) [S. A.]. The seed-pods of 
Casalpinia coriaria, a tree of South America. 

divulsion (di-vuV -shun) [divulsio, a tearing apart]. 
A tearing asunder. 

divulsor (di-vul'-sor) [L.]. An instrument for 
dilating a part. 

dizziness (diz'-e-nes). The state in which objects 
seem to be whirling around; vertigo. 

dizzy. Giddy; light-headedness. 

D. M. D. Abbreviation for Doctor of Dental 
Medicine. See D. D. S. 

D. O. Abbreviation for Doctor of Osteopathy. 

Doane's sign (don) . Deafness in one ear in typhoid 
fever presages death; deafness in both ears is a good 
prognosis. 

Dobell's solution, D.'s spray (do'-bel) [Horace 
Dobell, English physician, 1828- .]. A solution 
of borax, sodium bicarbonate, and phenol in glycerol 
and water; it is used as a spray for nasal and throat 
troubles. 

Dobie's globule (do'-be) [William Murray Dobie, 
English anatomist, 19th century]. A small, round 
body rendered visible in the center of the transparent 
disc of a muscular fibril by staining. D.'s layer, 
D.'s line. See Krause's membrane. 

dochmiasis (dok-mi'-as-is) [Dochmius], The dis- 
eased condition caused by the presence in the body 
of parasites belonging to the genus Dochmius. See 
uncinariasis. Cf. ankylostomiasis. 

Dochmius (dok'-me-us) [doxnios, crumpled]. A 
genus of threadworms of the family Strongylida. 
D. duodenalis. See ankylostoma. 

docimasia (dos-im-a'-se-ah) [5oKina£eiv, to ex- 
amine]. Examination; testing or assaying. 

docimasiology (dos-im-a-se-ol'-o-je) [docimasia; 
X670S, science]. The art or science of investigation, 
embracing medicine, surgery, chemistry, etc. 



DOCIMASTER 



301 



DORSICUMBENT 



docimaster (dos-im-as'-ter) . An examiner or tester. 

docimastic (dos-im-as'-tik) [SoKi/id^eiv, to ex- 
amine]. Making use of tests; testing; proving. 

doctor (dok'-tor) [doctor, a teacher]. A teacher. 
A title conferred by a university or college. A 
physician licenced to practise medicine. 

dodecadactylitis (do-dek-a-dak-til-i'-tis) [dodeca- 
dactylon]. Inflammation of the duodenum. 

dodecadactylon (do-dek-a-dak' -til-on) [5w5eca, 
twelve ; 5 AktuXos, finger]. The duodenum. 

dodging time (dodj'-ing). A popular term among 
women for the period of irregular menstruation of 
varying duration proceding the full establishment of 
the menopause. 

doegling oil (do'-eg-ling). The oil of the doegling, 
or bottle-nosed whale. 

Doehle's inclusion bodies (de'-leh) [Karl Gott- 
fried Paul Doehle, German pathologist, 1855- ]• 
Bodies found in the leukocytes in scarlet fever and 
streptococcic infections. 

dog's-bane. See apocynum. 

dog-button. See nux vomica. 

dog-nose. See goundou. 

dogwood See cornus. 

dolabra {do-la' -br ah) [L.]. A name applied to 
various bandages, d. currens. See ascia. d. 
repens. See ascia. 

doliariin (do-le-a'-re-in) [dolium, a cask]^ A 
vegetable pepsin, like papain and cradin, obtained 
from Ficus doliaria, a wild fig-tree of Brazil. It is 
vermifuge, purgative, and digestive. 

doli capax {do'-li ka'-paks) [L.; pi., doli capaces]. 
In legal medicine, one capable of guilt; one able or 
old enough to distinguish right and wrong; one 
morally or legally responsible, d. incapax, one 
incapable, or not old enough to distinguish wrong 
from right, or to be legally responsible for wrong- 
doing. 

dolicho- (dol-ik-o-). A prefix meaning long. 

dolichocephalia (dol-ik-o-sef-a'-le-ah) [dolicho-; 
Ke4>a\r], head]. The condition of being dolichoce- 
phalic. 

dolichocephalic, dolichocephalous (dol-ik-o-sef-al'- 
ik, -sef'-al-us) [dolicho-; Ke4>a\ij, head]. Long-headed; 
having a relatively long anteroposterior cephalic 
diameter. 

dolichocephalus (dol-ik-o-sef'-al-us) [see dolicho- 
cephalic]. A skull having a relatively long antero- 
posterior diameter; a skull-formation resulting from 
the too rapid ossification of the longitudinal suture. 
The varieties are leptocephalus, sphenocephaly, and 
clinocephalus. d. simplex, that occurring through 
synostosis of the sagittal suture. 

dolichochamaecephalus (dol-ik-o-kam-e-sef'-al-us) 
[dolicho-; x^A"", on the ground; K&pdMi, head]. 
Applied to a skull which is characterized by both 
dolichocephalia and chamecephaly. 

dolichocnemic, dolichoknemic {dol-ik-o-ne'-mik) 
[dolicho-; xviipri, a leg]. Having the lower leg of 
almost the same length as that of the thigh. 

dolichoderus (dol-ik-od'-er-us) [dolicho-; Sepy, the 
neck]. Having the neck long. 

dolichoeuromesocephalus (dol-ik-o-u-ro-mez-o-sef- 
al-us) [dolicho-; ebpbs, broad; fikaos, middle; Ke<pa\rj, 
head]. Having a dolichocephalic skull which is 
broad in the temporal region. 

dolichoeuroopisthocephalus (dol-ik-o-u-ro-o-pis-tho- 
sef'-al-us) [dolicho-; ebpvs, broad; dwiade, behind; 
K&paKri, the head]. Having a dolichocephalic skull, 
broad in the occipital region. 

dolichoeuroprocephalus (dol-ik-o-u-ro-pro-sef'-al-us) 
[dolicho-; evpOs, broad; irpb, before; K&paXri, the 
head]. Having a dolichocephalic skull very broad 
in the frontal region. 

dolichofacial (dol-ik-o-fa'-shal). With a long face. 

dolichohieric (dol-ik-o-hi-er'-ik) [dolicho-; Upbv, 
sacrum]. Having a relatively slender sacrum. See 
platyhieric. 

dolichokerkic (dol-ik-o-kerk'-ik) [dolicho-; /cepm, a 
shuttle]. Having the angle which is formed by the 
crest of the scapula with its spinal border over 80 
degrees. 

dolicholeptocephalus (dol-ik-o-lep-to-sef'-al-us) [dol- 
icho-; leptocephalus]. Having a skull both dolicho- 
cephalic and leptocephalic. 

dolichopellic (dol-ik-o-pel'-ik) [dolicho-; TreXis, a 
bowl]. Having a relatively long or narrow pelvis. 
See platypellic. 

dolichopelvic (dol-ik-o-pel'-vik). Same as dolicho- 
pellic. 



dolichoplatycephalus (dol-ik-o-plat-e-sef'-al-us) [dol- 
icho-; platycephalus]. Having the skull both long 
and flat. 

dolichorrhine (dol'-ik-or-en) [dolicho-; pis, the 
nose]. Long-nosed. 

dolichos. Same as mucuna. 

dolichouranic (dol-ik-o-u-ran'-ik) [dolicho-; ovpavos, 
the palate]. Having a long alveolar arch. Cf. 
brachyuranic; measuranic. 

dolioform {dol'-e-o-form) [dolium, a cask; forma, 
form]. Cask-shaped. 

doll's-head anesthesia. Anesthesia of the head, 
neck, and chest. 

dolomol (dol'-o-mol). Stearate of calcium and 
magnesium; it is used as a ba'se for dusting-powders, 
etc. 

dolor (do'-lor) [dolere, to feel pain]. Bodily or 
mental pain or suffering. 

dolorosus (do-lor-o'-sus) [L.]. Full of pain. 

domatophobia (do-mat-o-fo'-be-ah) [8<bfj.a, house; 
<t>6f}os, fear]. Insane dread of being in a house; a 
variety of claustrophobia. 

dominus morborum (dom'-in-us mor-bor'-um) [L.]. 
The lord of diseases; gout. 

donda ndugu [African]. Brother ulcer; a disease 
common on the east coast of Africa, due to some 
organism that infests stagnant water. It affects 
especially the leg, which becomes inflamed and swollen 
and sloughs below the healthy tissue. 

Donders'' glaucoma (don'-derz) [Franz Cornelius 
Donders, Dutch ophthalmologist, 1818-1880]. Simple 
atrophic glaucoma. D.'s law, the rotation of the 
eyeball about the line of sight is involuntary, and 
when the eyes are fixed on a distant object, the 
amount of rotation is determined solely by the angu- 
lar distance of that object from the horizon and 
from the median plane. D., reduced eye of, a repre- 
sentation of the eye in such a way that all the dis- 
tances needed in the calculations are represented by 
whole numbers. D.'s rings, rainbow-colored rings 
seen in cases of glaucoma and by normal and catarac- 
tous eyes when the pupil is dilated. They are 
attributed to the diffraction of light by the cortex 
of the crystalline lens. D.'s schema, an arrangement 
of the dead thorax with manometers to gage the 
pressure. 

Donne's corpuscles (don-na') [Alfred Donni, 
French physician, 1801-1878]. 1. The colostrum cor- 
puscles. 2. See Bizzozero's blood-platelets. D.'s test 
for pus, into the mass to be tested stir a small piece 
of caustic potash. The mass will be converted into a 
tough, slimy material if pus is present. 

Donovan's solution (don'-ov-an) [Edward Don- 
ovan, English druggist, 1708-1837]. A solution of 
mercuric iodide and arsenic iodide, one per cent, of 
each. 

dope (ddp). A slang term for any drug, particu- 
larly a narcotic drug. 

dormiol (dor'-me-ol). The commercial name for 
amylene chloral; recommended as a soporific. Dose 
71-45 gr. (0.5-3.0 Gm.). 

dormitio (dor-mish'-e-o) [L.]. 1. Sleep. 2. A se- 
dative said to consist of dilute alcohol, oil of anise, 
extract of lettuce, and sugar. 

dorsad (dor'-sad) [dorsum; ad, toward]. Toward 
the dorsal aspect. 

dorsal (dor'-sal) [dorsum]. Pertaining to the back 
or to the posterior part of an organ, d. artery. 
See under artery, d. decubitus, recumbency in the 
supine position, d. nerves, the spinal nerves coming 
through the intervertebral foramina of the dorsal 
vertebra?, d. reflex. See under reflexes. 

dorsalgia {dor-sal' -je-ah) [dorsum; SXyos, pain]. 
Pain in the back. 

dorsalis (dor-sa'-lis) [dorsum, the back]. See 
arteries, muscles, nerves, veins, tables of. 

dorsalis pedis (dor-sa'-lis pe'-dis). See under 
artery. 

dorsen (dor'-sen) [dorsum, the back]. Belonging 
to the dorsum in itself. 

dorsi- (dor-si-). The same as dor so-. 

dorsicolumn (dor-se-kol'-um) [dorsi-; columna, a 
column]. The dorsal column of the spinal cord. 

dorsicommissura (dor-se-kom-is-u'-rah) [dorsi-; 
commissure]. Wilder's name for the gray com- 
missure of the spinal cord. 

dorsicornu (dor-sik-or'-nu). The posterior cornu 
of the spinal cord. 

dorsicumbent (dor-se-kum'-bent) [dorsi-; cubare, to 
lie down]. Supine, or lying on the back. 



DORSIDUCTION 



302 



DOWEL 



dorsiduction (dor-se-duk'-shun) [dorsi-; ducere, to 
lead]. The act of moving toward the back. 

dorsiflexion (dor-se-flek'-shun) [dorsi-; flectere, to 
bend]. A flexion, as of toes, toward the back. 

dorsimesad (dor-si-me'-sad) [dorsi-; ukaov, the 
middle]. Toward the dorsimeson. 

dorsimesal (dor-si-me'-sal) [dorsi-; fteaov, the 
middle]. Pertaining to the dorsimeson. 

dorsimeson (dor-si-me'-son) [dorsi-; (ik<rov, the 
middle]. The dorsal edge of the meson or median 
plane of the body. The dorsal, mesal, or median 
line. Cf. ventrimeson. 

dorsiscapular (dor-si-skap'-u-lar) [dorsi-; scapula, 
the shoulder]. Relating to the dorsum of the 
scapula. 

dorsispinal (dor-se-spi'-nal) [dorsi-; spina, spine]. 
Relating to the back and the spinal column. 

dorsiventral (dor-se-ven'-tral) . See dorsoabdominal. 

dorso- (dor-so-) [dorsum]. A prefix used to signify 
pertaining to the back. 

dorsoabdominal (dor-so-ab-dom'-in-al) [dorso-; ab- 
domen]. Relating to both the dorsal and the ab- 
dominal region; extending from the back to the 
abdomen. Syn., dorsiventral. 

dorsoacromial (dor-so-ak-ro'-me-al). Relating to 
the back and the acromion. 

dorsoanterior (dor-so-an-te'-re-or). Applied to a 
fetus having its back toward the ventral aspect of 
the mother. 

dorsocephalad (dor-so-sef'-al-ad) [dorso-; Ke<pa\ri, 
head]. Toward the dorsal aspect of the head. 

dorsocervical (dor-so-ser'-vik-al). Relating to the 
back and the neck. 

dorsocostal (dor-so-kos'-tal) . Relating to the back 
and the ribs. 

dorsodynia (dor-so-din'-e-ah) [dorso-; 68vvq, pain]. 
Omodynia; scapulodynia; pain in the dorsal region; 
rheumatism of the muscles of the shoulders and 
upper part of the back. 

dorsohumeral (dor-so-hu'-mur-al). Relating to the 
back and the humerus. 

dorsointercostal (dor-so-in-tur-kos'-tal). Relating 
to the back and the intercostal spaces. 

dorsointerosseal, dorsointerosseous (dor-so-in-ter- 
os'-e-al, -us). Located between the metacarpal or 
metatarsal bones and on the back of the hand or foot. 

dorsointestinal (dor-so-in-test'-in-al). Situated 
upon the dorsal aspect of the intestine. 

dorsolateral {dor-so-lat'-er-al). Relating to the 
back and the sides. 

dorsolumbar (dor-so-lum'-bar) [dorso-; lumbus, 
loin]. Relating to the back and the loins. 

dorsomedian (dor-so-me'-de-an). Situated in or 
relating to the middle region of the back. 

dorsonasal {dor-so-na'-sal). Relating to the back 
of the nose. 

dorsoposterior (dor-so-pos-te'-re-or). Applied to 
the position of a fetus having its back toward the 
dorsal aspect of the mother. 

dorsoradial (dor-so-ra'-de-al). Relating to or 
situated upon the dorsal aspect and radial border of 
the hand, finger, or arm. 

dorsosacral (dor-so-sak'-sal). Relating to the back 
and the sacrum. 

dorsothoracic (dor-so-tko-ras'-ik) [dorso-; thorax]. 
Relating to the back and the thorax. 

dorsoulnar (dor-so-ul'-nar). Relating to or situ- 
ated upon the dorsal aspect and ulnar border of the 
arm, hand, or finger. 

dorsoventrad (dor-so-ven'-trad) [dorso-; venter, 
belly]. In a direction from back to front. 

dorsoventral (dor-so-vent'-ral) . See dorsoabdominal. 

dorsum (dor' -sum) [L.]. i. The back. 2. Any 
part corresponding to the back, as the dorsum of the 
foot, hand, tongue, penis, etc. 

dosage (do'-saj) [dose]. The determination of the 
proper amount of a medicine or other agent for a given 
case or condition, d., electrical, the regulation of 
the strength of an electric current for therapeutic 
purposes. 

dose (dos) [56<m, a portion given]. The measured 
portion of medicine to be taken at one time, d., 
divided, a relatively small quantity of a drug taken 
at short intervals, d., lethal, a dose sufficient to kill. 
d., maximum, the largest dose consistent with safety. 
d., minimum, the smallest quantity of a medicine that 
will produce physiological effects. 

dosimeter (do-sim'-et-er) [56<ns, a dose; ukrpov, a 
measure]. A drop-meter; an instrument for measur- 
ing minute quantities of a liquid. 



dosimetric (do-sim-et'-rik) [see dosimetry]. Relat- 
ing to or characterized by dosimetry. 

dosimetry (do-sim'-et-re) [dose; ukrpov, a measure]. 
1. The dosimetric system; the accurate and syste- 
matic measurement of medicinal doses. 2. The 
system of treatment which consists in the use of 
granules containing a definite quantity of the active 
principles of drugs. 

dosis (do' -sis). See dose. 

dossil (dos'-il) [ME., dosil, a spigot], A cylindric 
pledget of lint for cleansing wounds. 

dotage (dot'-ag). Feebleness of mind; senility. 

dothienenteritis, dothinenteritis (doth-e-en-en-ter- 
i'-tis, doth-in-en-ter-i'-tis) [dodiyp, a boil; ivrepov, 
bowel; ins, inflammation]. Enteric or typhoid 
fever; inflammation of Peyer's patches. 

double (dub' -I). Twofold; in pairs, d. conscious- 
ness. See consciousness, d. hearing. See dipla- 
cusis. d., touch, investigation with a thumb in one 
cavity and the index-finger in another, d. uterus, 
dihysteria. d. vision, the seeing of a single object 
double; diplopia. 

doublet (dub' -lei). In optics, a system consisting 
of two lenses. 

doubly (dub'-le). In a two-fold manner, d. 
contoured, in microscopy, an object is doubly con- 
toured when it is bounded by two, usually parallel, 
dark lines with a lighter band between them. 

douche (doosh) [Fr.]. 1. A stream of water 
directed against a part, or one used to flush a cavity 
of the body. 2. An apparatus for directing a jet of 
water or other substance against a part, d., air-, 
a current of air directed against some organ for 
therapeutic purposes, d., alternating, a hot and cold 
current applied in succession, d., capillary. See 
aquapuncture. d., Charcot, a cold daily spinal 
douche, d., galvanic, a precision douche by means 
of which the faradic or galvanic current can be 
communicated to the douching current; especially 
effective in gastralgia and enteralgia. d., hot-air 
the use of a blast of heated air as a method of treat 
ment, especially in gouty rheumatism and neuralgic 
conditions, d., mobile, one applied successively to 
different regions of the body, d., precision, one by 
which fluid of any desired temperature can be applied 
under any desired pressure, d., rain-, a shower- 
bath, d., Scotch, d., Scottish, one of alternating 
temperature, d., sheet-, one in which a sheet of 
water is directed through a slit, d., transitional. 
See d., alternating, and d., Scotch. 

Douglas' crescentic fold (dug'-las) [James Douglas, 
Scotch anatomist, 1675-1742]. The lower border 
of the posterior sheath of the rectus abdominis. 
D.'s culdesac, D.'s pouch, a pouch between the 
anterior wall of the rectum and the posterior wall of 
the uterus, formed by the reflection of the peri- 
toneum. D.'s ligaments, the rectouterine folds of 
the peritoneum. D., line of, the curved lower edge 
of the internal layer of the aponeurosis of the internal 
oblique muscle of the abdomen, where it ceases to 
cover the posterior surface of the rectus muscle. 
D.'s semilunar fold, a thin curved margin that 
forms the lower part of the posterior wall of the 
sheath of the abdominal rectus muscle. D.'s septum, 
in the fetus the septum formed by the union of 
Rathke's folds and transforming the rectum into a 
complete canal. 

douglasitis (dug-las-i'-tis). Inflammation of Doug- 
las' pouch. 

doundake (doon-dak-a) [Fr.]. The Guinea peach, 
Sarcocephalus esculentus, yielding a tonic, febrifuge, 
and astringent bark. Dose of the wine (3 %) 1-2 
oz. (30-60 Cc); of the extract 2^-3 gr. (0.16-0.2 Gm.); 
of the bark 50-60 gr. (3.2-3.8 Gm.); of the aqueous 
extract 3-4 min. (0.2-0.25 Cc). 

doundakine (doon-dak-en) . An alkaloid from 
doundake; a substitute for quinine. Dose 3-4 gr. 
(0.2-0.25 Gm.). 

dourine (doo'-ren). A contagious venereal disease - 
of horses, the prominent signs and symptoms con- 
sisting in inflammation of the genital organs and 
lymph glands, and paralysis of the hind legs. The 
exciting cause is believed to be the Trypanosoma 
equiperdum. Syn.: Mai de edit. 

Dover's powder (do'-ver) [Thomas Dover, English 
physician, 1660-1742]. A powder containing 10 % 
each of opium and ipecac. 

dowel (dow'-el) [Fr., douille, a socket]. In den- 
tistry, the piece of wood or metal uniting any arti- 
ficial crown to the root of a natural tooth. 



DOWIEISM 



303 



DROPSY 



Dowieism (dow'-e-izm). A form of faith-cure 
propagated in America by a charlatan named Dowie 
(1899). 

Doyere's eminence, D.'s hillock, D.'s papilla, 
D.'s tuft (doy-yar') [Louis Doyere, French physiolo- 
gist, 1811-1863]. The slight elevation in a muscu- 
lar fiber corresponding to the entrance of a nerve- 
fiber. 

D. P. Abbreviation for Doctor of Pharmacy. 

D. P. H* i. Abbreviation for Diploma in Public 
Health. 2. Abbreviation for Doctor of Public Health. 

D. R. Abbreviation of reaction of degeneration. 

Dracaena (dra-se'-nali). A genus of liliaceous trees. 
D. cinnabari and D. schizantha of eastern Africa, and 
D. draco of western Africa, afford part of the dragon's- 
blood of commerce. 

drachm {dram). See dram. 

dracontiasis (dra-kon-ti'-as-is) [dracunculus]. The 
skin disease caused by dracunculus medinensis. 

dracontium (dra-kon'-she-um) [8paxwv, a dragon]. 
Skunk-cabbage. 

Dracunculus (dra-kun'-ku-ltcs) [dim. of Speucwv, a 
dragon; a serpent]. A genus of threadworms 
belonging to the family Filariidce. D. medinensis. 
See Filaria medinensis. 

draft (draft). See draught. 

dragee (drah-zhd') [Fr.]. A sugar-coated pill, 
bolus, or comfit; a sugared confection. 

Dragendorff's test for bile-pigments (drag'-en- 
dorf) [Johann Georg Noel Dragendorff, German 
chemist, 1836-1898]. Spread a few drops of the 
urine on an unglazed porcelain surface, and after 
absorption has taken place add a drop or two of 
nitric acid. If bile is present, several rings of color 
will be produced, the green ring, which is character- 
istic of bile-pigments, being chief among them. 

dragonneau (drag-on-o 1 ). The Filaria medinensis. 

dragon's-blood (drag'-onz-blud). 1. The astrin- 
gent resin of Calamus ratang and C. draco, East 
Indian ratan-palms. 2. The resin of various species 
of Dracaena. 3. The resin of Pterocarpus draco, a 
West Indian tree. The various kinds of dragon's- 
blood are astringent, but are no longer used internally. 

drain (drdn) [ME., drainen, to drain]. A material 
that affords a channel of exit for the discharge from 
a wound or cavity, d., cigarette, a drain made of a 
strip of gauze surrounded by rubber dam or gutta- 
percha. 

drainage (dran'-aj) [drain]. The method of effec- 
ting the exit of the discharges from a wound or 
cavities by means of tubes or strands of fibers or by 
a free incision, d., capillary, that by means of capil- 
lary attraction, using loosely woven cloth, thread 
wisps of hair, etc. d., funnel, that effected by means 
of glass funnels, d., through-, drainage accom- 
plished by means of counteropenings and the passage 
of a tube completely through the part to be drained, 
so that a cleansing fluid may be injected through one 
opening and allowed to escape by the counteropening. 
d.-tube, a rubber or glass tube with perforations for 
draining wounds or cavities. 

dram, drachm (dram) [Spaxvv, a Greek weight]. 
The eighth part of the apothecaries' ounce, equal to 
60 grains or 3.9 grams. A 1 so the sixteenth part of 
the avoirdupois ounce, equal to 27.34 grains, d., 
fluid-, the eighth part of a fluid ounce. 

dramatism (dram'-at-izm) [drama]. Insanely stilt- 
ed and lofty speech or behavior. 

drapetomania (drap-et-o-ma'-ne-ah) [dpaire-nis, a 
runaway; pavla, madness]. A morbid desire to 
wander from home. 

drastic (dras'-tik) [5pav, to act]. 1. Severe; harsh; 
powerful. 2. A powerful and irritating purgative. 

draught (draft) [AS., dragan, to draw]. A quantity 
of liquid drunk at one gulp, d., black, compound 
infusion of senna, d., effervescing, one containing 
sodium or potassium bicarbonate and a vegetable 
acid. 

draw. To digest and cause to discharge; said of a 
poultice. In dentistry, to remove a tooth from its 
socket. In andrology, to remove the urine from the 
bladder by means of a catheter. 

dream (dr em). 1. An involuntary series of images, 
emotions, and thoughts presented to the mind during 
sleep. 2. To be conscious of such manifestations. 
d., waking, an illusion or hallucination, d., wet, a 
term given to the emission of semen during sleep. 

dreamy (dre'-me). Full of dreams, d. state, a 
common psychic aura of epilepsy in which the 
patient experiences a sensation of strangeness or 



sometimes of terror. It may be associated with 
flashes of light or auditory aurae. 

Drechsel's test for bile acids (drek'-sel) [Edmund 
Drechsel, Swiss chemist, 1843-1897]. A beautiful 
red color is produced if bile acids are present in a 
substance treated with a little cane-sugar and a few 
drops of a mixture composed of 5 parts of syrupy 
phosphoric acid and 1 part water, and warmed on a 
water-bath. 

drench. In veterinary practice, a draught of 
medicine. 

drepanidium (drep-an-id'-e-um) [Speirav-q, a sickle]. 
The sickle-shaped young of certain protozoa, d. 
ranarum, a (probably) parasitic cytozoon of frogs, 
blood. 

dresser (dres'-er). An attendant (in English 
hospital, usually a medical student) whose special 
duty is to dress and bandage wounds, and attend 
to other ward work. 

dressing (dres'-ing) [ME., dressen, to make 
straight j. 1. The application of various materials 
for protecting a wound and favoring its healing. 2. 
The material so applied. 

Dressler's disease. Paroxysmal hemoglobinuria. 

drill. A surgical instrument used in perforating 
bones, calculi, or teeth, d.-bone, a flat osteoma. 
d.-bow, a bow and string for rotating a drill-stock, 
effected by passing the string around it, and moving 
it backward and forward, d.-stock, an instrument 
for holding and turning a drill, either by the thumb 
and finger or by a handle. 

drink. To swallow a liquid. The liquid that is 
swallowed. A draught. 

drivelling (driv'-el-ing). 1. An involuntary flow 
of the saliva, as in old age, infancy idiocy, and 
mental stupor. 2. Senile weakness of mind. 

dromograph (drom'-o-graf) [Spo^os, a course; 
ypcupeiv, to write]. An instrument for registering the 
velocity of the blood-current. 

dromomania (dro-mo-ma'-ne-ah) [dpdfios, a course; 
p.avla, madness]. An insane desire to wander; 
vagabondage. 

dromotropic (dro-mo-tro'-pik) [Sponos, a course; 
rpk-Ktiv, to turn]. Applied by T. W. Englemann to a 
supposed set of fibers in the cardiac nerves which he 
holds influences the power of conducting the con- 
traction. Cf. bathmotropic; inotropic. 

drop [AS., dropa], 1. A minute mass of liquid 
which in falling or in hanging from a surface assumes 
the spherical form. 2. The falling of a part.as from, 
paralysis, d., ague, Fowler's solution, d., black 
acetum opii. See opium, vinegar of. d.-culture, 
in bacteriology, a culture prepared by placing a little 
of the infected material in a drop of the culture- 
medium, d., wrist-. See under wrist. 

dropped (dropt'). In a condition of ptosis, d. 
foot, extreme extension of the foot, especially ob- 
served in alcoholic neuritis, and dependent upon 
weakness of the flexors of the foot. d. hand, a form 
of paralysis from lead-poisoning, consisting in the 
inability to contract the extensors of the wrist. 
d. lid, ptosis of the upper lid. d. wrist. Same as 
d. hand. 

dropper (drop'-er). A bottle, tube, or pipet, fitted 
for the emission of a liquid drop by drop. See 
stopper-dropper. 

dropsical (drop'-sik-aV) [dropsy]. Affected with or 
pertaining to dropsy. 

dropsy (drop'-se) [vSpw^, dropsy]. An infiltration 
of the tissues with diluted lymph, or the collection 
of such lymph in the body-cavities, d., abdominal, 
ascites, d., acute, dropsy due to congestion of the 
kidneys from sudden exposure to cold. Syn., active 
dropsy; febrile dropsy; plethoric dropsy, d. of belly, 
ascites, d. of brain, hydrocephalus, d., cachectic, 
that occurring in cachexia; it is due to decrease of the 
albuminous constituents of the blood and an increase 
of the watery constituents, d., cardiac, that due to 
failure of compensation in cardiac disease, d. of 
chest, hydrothorax. d., encysted. See ascites 
saccatus. d., false, a retention cyst. d. of the gall- 
bladder, dilatation of the gall-bladder with the secre- 
tion of the mucous glands and with epithelium: a very 
unusual condition due to obliteration of the cystic 
duct, d., general. 1. Dropsy of one or more of the 
large serous sacs of the body combined with anasarca. 
2. Superficial dropsy when it affects the trunk and 
arms as well as the legs, d., glandular, that due to 
disease of the lymphatics, d., lymphatic, infiltration 
of the tissues with lymph caused by obstruction of the 



DROSERA 



304 



DUCT 



lymphatics, d., mechanical, that due to mechanical 
obstruction of the veins or lymphatics, d., passive. 
I. That due to obstruction of the veins or lymphatics 
or to defective absorption. 2. See d., cachectic. 
d. of pericardium, hydropericardium. d. of peri- 
toneum, ascites, d., renal. 1. Anasarca due to 
disease of the kidneys. 2. Hydronephrosis, d., 
symptomatic, that said to be induced when there is 
6 % of albumin in the blood with a simultaneous 
increase of arterial pressure. 

drosera (dro'-ser-ah) [ppoaepbs, covered with dew]. 
Sundew. D. rotundifolia and D. longifolia have 
been used in pulmonary tuberculosis. It is an anti- 
spasmodic, and is used in whooping-cough and other 
spasmodic coughs. 

droserin (dros'-er-in) [Spoaepos, dewy]. A ferment 
resembling pepsin and found in the digestive secre- 
tions of most of the insectivorous plants. 

drown. To deprive of life by immersion in a fluid. 

drowsy (drow'-ze). Inclined to sleep; sleepy. 

drug [Fr., drogue]. A substance used as a medi- 
cine, d., antagonistic, one that neutralizes the 
action of another. 

drum [ME., drumme]. The tympanum. See 
under ear. 

drumhead (drum'-hed). The tympanic membrane. 

drummers' palsy {drum'-erz pawl'-ze). A form of 
occupation-neurosis, dependent upon the con- 
strained attitude of the hand in beating a drum. 

Drummond's sign (drum'-und) [David Drummond, 
English physician, 19th century]. The "oral whiff" 
heard when the mouth is closed; it disappears on 
compression of the nostrils; it is observed in cases of 
aneurysm of the thoracic aorta. 

drumstick (drum'-stik). A stick terminating in a 
knob. The word is used to describe certain microbes, 
clubbed organs, etc. d. bacillus, Bacillus putrificus 
coli. 

drunkenness {drunk' -en-nes). Acute or habitual 
alcoholic intoxication. See alcoholism, dipsomania, 
inebriety. 

druse (driis) [Ger.]. A rupture of tissues with no 
surface-lesion. 

dry (dri) [AS., dryge]. Free from moisture. 
d. amputation, amputation without hemorrhage. 
d.-cupping, cupping without incising the skin. 
d. gangrene. See gangrene, dry. d. labor, one in 
which there is but a slight discharge of liquor amnii. 
d. pleurisy, pleurisy without effusion, d. wine, a 
wine containing little or no sugar. 

Drysdale's corpuscles {driz'-dal) [Thomas Murray 
Drysdale, American gynecologist, 1 831-1904]. Gran- 
ular cells, non-nucleated and of varying sizes, which 
were regarded by Drysdale as peculiar to ovarian 
fluid. 

D. S. Abbreviation for Doctor of Science. 

D. Sc. Abbreviation for Doctor of Science. 

D. S. M. Abbreviation for Diploma in State 
Medicine. 

D. S. S. Abbreviation for Diploma in Sanitary 
Science. 

D. S. Sc. Abbreviation for Diploma in Sanitary 
Science. 

D.t. Abbreviation of duration tetany. 

D. T. M. Abbreviation for Diploma in Tropical 
Medicine. 

D. T. M. and H. Abbreviation for Diploma in 
Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 

Duane's clinometer {doo-dn') [Alexander Duane, 
American ophthalmologist, 1858- ]. A device 
for estimating torsional deviations of the eye, and 
also used in the study of metamorphopsia. D.'s 
test, a candle having been placed in front of the 
person to be examined, a screen is held before one 
eye for a time and then suddenly transferred to the 
other side. The existence of deviation in the first 
eye is recognized by a sudden apparent displace- 
ment of the candle-flame in the direction opposite 
to that in which the eye has deviated. 

Dubini's disease (doo-be'-ne) [Angelo Dubini, 
Italian physician, 19th century]. Rapid rhythmic 
contractions of one or more groups of muscles, 
beginning in a finger, an extremity, or a half of the 
face, and extending over the greater part or the 
whole of the body. They are generally followed by 
palsies and often by coma and death. The affection 
has been observed thus far only in Italy. Syn., 
electric chorea; spasmus Dubini. 

Dublin method of expressing the placenta. A 
better name for the Crede method (q. v.), as it was 



practised in the Rotunda Hospital in Dublin long 
before the time of Crede. 

Dubois' abscess, D.'s disease. The presence of 
multiple necrotic foci in the thymus glands of infants 
affected with hereditary syphilis. 

DuBois-Reymond's inductorium [Emil DuBois- 
Reymond, Berlin physiologist, 1818-1896]. An in- 
duction apparatus with a primary and secondary 
coil in which the primary current is never opened, 
it being short-circuited. It is used in physiological 
laboratories. D.-R.'s key, an electric switch by 
means of which the circuit may be closed or the cur- 
rent short-circuited. Syn., tetanizing key. D.-R.'s 
law, it is not the absolute value of current density 
at a given moment that acts as a stimulus to a muscle 
or motor nerve, but the variation of density. 

duboisine (du-bois'-en), C17H23NO3. An alkaloid 
from Duboisia myoporoides, a tall shrub of Australia 
identical with hyoscyamine. It is used as a mydri- 
atic; also as a hypnotic and sedative in epilepsy. 
Dose 5V-3V gr. (0.0008-0.002 Gm.). Antidotes: 
emetics, pilocarpine, muscarine, d. hydrobromide, 
dose and uses the same as duboisine. d. hydrochloride, 
usage and dose as duboisine. d. salicylate, used as a 
mydriatic in 0.2 to 0.8 % solution, d. sulphate, 
used as a mydriatic in aqueous solution — T V gr. to 1 
oz. of water (0.005 Gm. to 30 Cc). 

Duchenne's attitude {doo-shen') [Guillaume Benja- 
min Amant Duchenne, French 1 neurologist, 1806- 
1875]. In paralysis of the trapezius the shoulder 
droops; the shoulder-blade seesaws so that its internal 
edge, instead of being parallel to the vertebral column, 
becomes oblique from top to bottom and from 
without in. D.'s disease, tabes dorsalis. D.'s 
paralysis, progressive muscular dystrophy with 
pseudohypertrophy. D.'s sign, sinking-in of the 
epigastrium during inspiration in cases of marked 
hydropericardium or impaired movement of the 
diaphragm from pressure or paralysis. D.'s syn- 
drome, labioglossolaryngeal paralysis. 

Duchenne-Aran's disease. See Aran- Duchenne's 
disease. 

Duchenne-Erb's paralysis. See Erb's paralysis. 

Duchenne-Landouzy's type of progressive muscu- 
lar atrophy. See Landouzy-Dejerine's type of pro- 
gressive muscular atrophy. 

Duckworth's syndrome [Sir Dyce Duckworth, 
English physician, 1840- ]. Complete stoppage 
of respiration several hours before that of the heart 
in certain cerebral diseases attended by intracranial 
pressure. 

Ducrey's bacillus (doo-kra') [Augusto Ducrey, 
Italian physician, 19th century], A small oval 
bacillus occurring in chains, the pathogenic agent in 
chancroid. 

duct (dukt) [ducere, to lead]. A tube or channel, 
especially one for conveying the secretions of a 
gland, d., alimentary. See d., thoracic, d. of 
Bartholin. See under Bartholin, d., Blasius'. See 
d. of Stenson. d., common bile-, a duct formed by 
the union of the cystic and hepatic ducts, d., 
Cowperian, the efferent duct of Cowper's gland. 
d.s of Cuvier. See under Cuvier. d., cystic, the 
excretory duct of the gall-bladder, d., ejaculatory, 
a duct formed by the union of the vas deferens and 
the duct of the seminal vesicle and carrying the 
semen into the urethra, d., endolymphatic, a tubular 
process of the membranous labyrinth of the ear, 
passing through the aqueduct of the vestibule into 
the cranial cavity, where it terminates below the 
dura mater in a blind enlargement, the sacculus 
endolymphaticus. d., galactophorous, one of the 
milk-ducts of the mammary gland, d., Gartner's. 
See Gartner's canal, d., hepatic, a duct formed at 
the margin of the transverse fissure of the liver by the 
junction of the right and left hepatic ducts, d., 
lacrimal. See d., nasal, d., lactiferous. See d., 
galactophorous. d., lymphatic, right, the vessel that 
receives the lymph from the lymphatics of the right 
arm, the right side of the head and neck, the chest, 
lung, and right side of the heart, and also from the 
upper surface of the liver. It terminates at the 
junction of the right subclavian and internal jugular 
veins, d.s of Miiller. See under Miiller. d., nasal, 
the duct that conveys the tears from the lacrimal 
sac into the inferior meatus of the nose, d., omphalo- 
mesenteric. See d., vitelline, d., pancreatic, one 
that extends from the pancreas to the duodenum 
at the point where the common bile-duct enters the 
bowel, d., pancreatic, accessory, the excretory duct 



DUCTILE 



305 



DUODENOSTOMY 



of the lesser pancreas, opening into the pancreatic 
duct or into the duodenum, close to the orifice of 
the common bile-duct, d., parotid, that conveying 
the secretion of the parotid gland into the mouth. 
d., prostatic, any one of the ducts conveying the 
secretion of the prostate into the urethra, d., 
Rathke's. See under Rathke. d., Reichel's cloacal. 
See under Reichel. d. of Rivini. See under Rivini. 
d., salivary, a duct of any salivary gland. See 
Wharton's duct, Stenson's duct, and d., sublingual. 
d., salivary, inferior, Wharton's duct, d., salivary, 
superior, Stenson's duct, d.s, Schueller's. See 
under Schueller. d., segmental, a tube, on each 
side of the body of the embryo, situated between 
the visceral and parietal layers of the mesoblast, 
opening anteriorly into the body-cavity and poster- 
iorly into the cloaca, d., spermatic, the vas deferens. 
d. of Steno. See Stenson's duct. d. of Stenson, the 
duct of the parotid gland, d., sublingual. See 
Bartholin's duct and Rivini's duct, d., thoracic, a 
duct 1 8 to 20 inches long, beginning in the receptacu- 
lum chyli, passing upward, and emptying into the 
left subclavian vein at its junction with the left 
internal jugular vein. It receives all the lymph and 
chyle not received by the right lymphatic duct. 
d., umbilical. See d., vitelline, d., urogenital, one 
that receives the urine and genital products, d., 
vitelline, the duct from the umbilical vesicle of the 
embryo to intestine, d.s, Walther's. See under 
Walther. d. of Wharton. See under Wharton. 
d. of Wirsung. See under Wirsung. d., Wolffian. 
See under Wolffian. 

ductile (duk'-til) [duct]. Capable of being drawn 
out thin, as a wire or thread. 

duction (duk'-shuri) [duct]. A colloquialism used 
to represent one or more of the terms abduction, 
adduction, or sursumduction. 

ductless glands. The spleen, thyroid, parathyroid, 
and thymus glands, suprarenal capsules, carotid 
and coccygeal glands, pineal and pituitary bodies, 
which have no excretory duct. Endocrine g. q. v. 

ductor (duk ( -tor) [ducere, to lead]. A surgical 
instrument used as a guide or in making traction. 

ductule (duk'-tul) [ductulus, a small duct]. A 
small duct. 

ductulus (duk'-tu-lus) [L.]. A small duct. d. 
aberrans, vas aberrans. d. alveolaris, a terminal 
bronchiole, d. eff erens testis,pne of the seminal ducts. 
d. rectus, one of the straight tubules of the testis. 

ductus {duk'-tus) [L.; pi., ducti], A canal or duct. 
d. arteriosus, a short vessel in the fetus connecting 
the pulmonary artery with the aorta, d. auditorius, 
d. cochlearis, the scala media of the cochlea, d. 
choledochus, the bile duct. d. Cuvieri. See Cuvier, 
ducts of. d. deferens, the vas deferens, d. lingualis, 
the persistent remains, in the adult, of the upper 
portion of the embryonal ductus thyreoglossus. 
d. nasofrontalis, one between the frontal sinus and 
middle meatus of nose. d. pancreaticus azygos, 
the accessory pancreatic duct. d. pancreaticus minor, 
d. pancreaticus recurrens, d. pancreaticus Santorini, 
d. pancreaticus secondarius, d. pancreaticus superior. 
See duct, pancreatic, accessory, ducti papillares, the 
uriniferous tubules, d. perilymphaticus, the aqueduct 
of the cochlea, d. Rosenthafianus, the accessory pan- 
creatic duct, ducti seminales, ducti seminiferi, the 
seminiferous tubules, d. thyreoglossus, a small duct 
connecting the primitive thyroid gland with the upper 
surface of the tongue, d. thyroideus, the persistent 
remains, in the adult, of the lower portion of the 
embryonal ductus thyreoglossus. d. venosus, a 
branch of the umbilical vein in the fetus which 
empties directly into the ascending vena cava. 

Duddell's membrane. See Descemet's membrane. 

Dudley's operation (dud'-le) [Emilius Clark 
Dudley, American gynecologist, 1850- ]. For 
retroversion of the uterus: the abdomen is opened, and 
a strip is denuded from the anterior surface of the 
uterus, and likewise a strip along the inner side of 
each round ligament, followed by suturing of the 
three together. 

Dugas' test (doo'-gas) [Louis Alexander Dugas, 
American surgeon, 1806-1884]. In dislocation of the 
shoulder-joint the elbow cannot be made to touch 
the side of the chest when the hand of the affected 
side is placed on the opposite shoulder. 

Duhring's disease (doo'-ring) [Louis Adolphus 
Duhring, American dermatologist, 1845- ]. Der- 
matitis herpetiformis. D.'s pruritus, pruritus 
hiemalis. 



duipara (du-ip'-ar-ah) [duo, two; parere, to bring 
forth]. A woman pregnant for the second time. 

Dukes' disease (dicks) [Clement Dukes, English 
physician, 19th century]. See disease, fourth. 

dulcamara (dul-kam-a'-ra) [dulcis, sweet; amarus, 
bitter]. Bittersweet. The young branches of 
Solanum dulcamara, containing an alkaloid, solanine. 
In overdoses it causes nausea, emesis, and convulsive 
muscular movements, and in toxic doses it is a nar- 
cotic poison. It is employed in psoriasis and similar 
skin diseases. Dose of the fluidextract 30 min.-i dr. 
(2-4 Cc). . 

dulcamarin (dul-kam-a' -riri) [dulcamara], C22H34O10. 
A yellow, amorphous glucoside found in dulcamara, 
with a sweetish-bitter taste, sparingly soluble in 
water, freely so in alcohol and acetic acid, insoluble 
in ether and in chloroform. 

dulcify (dul'-sif-i). To render sweet. 

dulcin (dul'-sin), C9H12N2O2. A toxic substance 
200 times sweeter than cane-sugar, obtained from 
paraphenetidin by action of potassium cyanate. 
It is used as a sweetening medium. Syn., paraethoxy- 
phenylurea; paraphenetol-carbamide ; sucrol; valzin. 

dulcite, dulcitol (dul'-sit, dul'-sit-ol) [dulcis, sweet], 
C6H14O6. Sugar from Melampyrum nemorosum and 
other plants. 

dulcose (dul'-kos). Dulcitol. 

dull (dul). 1. Slow of perception. 2. Not resonant 
on percussion. 3. Not bright in appearance. 4. Not 
sharp; blunt. 

dullness, dulness (dul'-nes). The quality of being 
dull, in any sense; lack of resonance on percussion. 
d. wooden, a percussion note sounding as if given 
out from wood. 

dumb (dum). Unable to utter articulate speech. 
d. ague, a popular term for ague or malaria marked 
by obscure symptoms, d.-bell crystals, crystals of 
calcium oxalate, sometimes seen in the urine. 

dumbness (dum'-nes). Inability to utter articu- 
late speech. 

dumdum fever [Dum Dum, a town in India]. 
Same as kala-azar, q. v. 

Dumontpallier's test for bile-pigments. See 
Smith's reaction. 

Dunbar's serum (dun-bar') [William Philipps 
Dunbar, American physician 1863— ]. Pollantin. 

Duncan Bird's sign. See Bird's sign. 

Duncan's folds [James Matthews Duncan, English 
gynecologist, 1826-1890]. The folds of the loose 
peritoneal covering of the uterus seen immediately 
after delivery. D.'s position of the placenta, the 
on presenting itself at the os uteri for expulsion. D.'s 
ventricle, the fifth ventricle. Syn., sinus Duncanii. 
marginal position generally assumed by the placenta 

duodenal (du-o-de'-nal or du-od'-en-al) [duodenum]. 
Relating to the duodenum. 

duodenectomy (du-o-de-nek' -to-me) [duodeno; eKTOfiri, 
excision]. Excision of part or all of the duodenum. 

duodenitis (du-o-den-i'-tis) [duodenum; ins, in- 
flammation]. Inflammation of the duodenum. 

duodeno- (du-od-en-o-) [duodenum], A prefix 
meaning relating to the duodenum. 

duodenocholangitis (du-o-de-no-ko-lan-ji'-tis). In- 
flammation of the duodenum and the common bile- 
duct. 

duodenocholecystostomy (du-od-en-o-kol-e-sis-tos'- 
to-me) [duodeno-; xo^. bile; cystostomy]. The forma- 
tion of a fistula between the duodenum and gall- 
bladder. 

duodenocholedochotomy (du-od-en-o-ko-led-o-kof- 
o-me). A modification of choledochotomy con- 
sisting in incising the duodenum in order to reach the 
gall-duct. 

duodenocystostomy (du-od-en-o-sist-os' -to-me) [du- 
odeno-; cystostomy]. The establishment of a com- 
munication between the bladder and the duodenum. 

duodenoenterostomy (du-od-en-o-en-ter-os' -to-me) 
[duodeno-; enterostomy]. The formation of a fistula 
between the duodenum and small intestine. 

duodenogastric (du-od-en-o-gas'-trik). See gastro- 
duodenal. 

duodenojejunal (du-o-de-no-jej-u'-nal) [duodeno- ; 
jejunum]. Pertaining to the duodenum and the 
jejunum. 

duodenorenal (du-o-de-no-re'-nal) [duodeno-; ren, 
the kidney]. Relating to the duodenum and to the 
kidney. 

duodenostomy (du-od-en-os' -to-me) [duodeno- ; trrdfia, 
a mouth]. The operation of forming an opening 
into the duodenum through the abdominal walls. 



DUODENOTOMY 



306 



DYNAMOGENY 



duodenotomy (du-od-en-of -o-me) [duodeno-; rkfivw, 
to cut]. Surgical incision of the duodenum. 

duodenum (du-o-de'-num) [duodeni, twelve each; 
so called because it is about 12 fingerbreadths long]. 
The first part of the small intestine beginning at the 
pylorus. It is from 8 to 10 inches long, is the most 
fixed part of the small intestine, consists of an 
ascending, descending, and transverse portion, and 
contains the openings of the pancreatic duct and the 
common bile-ducts. 

duotal (du'-o-tal). The commercial name for 
guaiacol carbonate. 

duotonal (du-o-to'-nal). Trade name for a combi- 
nation of calcium and sodium glycerophosphates. 

Duparque's method for detecting ascites (doo- 
park'). When fluctuation is indistinct, the patient 
is to be placed on one side for a few moments, so 
that the whole quantity of fluid may gravitate to 
the depending flank; then quickly turned upon the 
back, when dulness and temporary fluctuation will 
be found at the site of accumulation. 

Duplay's bursitis (doo-play) [Emmanuel Simon 
Duplay, French surgeon, 1836- ]. Subacromial 
or subdeltoid bursitis. D.'s operation. 1. For epis- 
padias: the urethra is formed at the expense of the 
corpus spongiosum and corpora cavernosa instead of 
by naps. 2. For hypospadias: it is performed in three 
stages; (1) straightening of the penis and the forma- 
tion of a meatus; (2) the formation of a canal from 
the meatus to the hypospadial opening; (3) junction 
of the old and new canals. 

duplicature (du'-plik-a-chur) [duplicare, to double]. 
The reflection, or folding of a membrane upon itself. 

duplicity (du-plis'-it-e) [duplicitas, doubleness]. 
The condition of being duplex or double. 

Dupre's syndrome. Meningism; pseudomeningitis. 

Dupuytren's contraction (doo-pwe-trari) [Guillaume 
Dupuytren, French surgeon, 1778-1835]. A con- 
traction of the palmar fascia causing the fingers to 
fold into the palm. D.'s delirium. See delirium 
nervosum. D.'s egg-shell symptom, the sensation of a 
delicate crepitant shell (egg-shell crackling) im- 
parted on slight pressure in certain cases of sarcoma 
of long bones. D.'s false contraction, a contraction 
of the palm and fingers due to injury to the palmar 
fascia. D.'s finger. See Dupuytren's contraction. 
D.'s fracture, fracture of the lower end of the fibula, 
with displacement of the foot outward and backward. 
D.'s hydrocele, bilocular hydrocele of the tunica 
vaginalis testis. Syn., hydrocele en bissac. D.'s 
operation. For amputation at the shoulder-joint: 
two rounded flaps are taken from the outer and inner 
aspects of the arm; the outer flap is made first by 
transfixion from behind at a point two inches below 
the acromion; the bone is then disarticulated and a 
short inner flap cut from within outward. D.'s 
phlegmon, unilateral phlegmonous suppuration 
occupying the anterolateral portion of the neck. 
D.'s powder, a caustic powder consisting of arsenic 
trioxide, 1 part; calomel, 200 parts. D.'s splint, a 
splint used in the treatment of Pott's fracture of the 
leg. 

dura, dura mater (dil'-rah ma'-ter) [durus, hard; 
mater, mother]. The fibrous membrane forming the 
outermost covering of the brain and spinal cord. 

duraematoma (du-rem-at-o'-mah). See durematoma. 

dural (du'-ral) [durus, hard]. Pertaining to the 
dura. 

duramatral (du-rah-ma'-tral). See dural. 

durematoma (du-rem-at-o'-mah) [dura; alua, blood; 
5fia, tumor; pi., durematomata]. Hematoma of the 
dura; an accumulation of blood between the dura and 
arachnoid. 

Durham's tube (dur'-um) [Arthur Edward Durham, 
English surgeon, 1834-1895]. The lobster-tail tube 
formerly used in tracheotomy. 

duritis (du-ri'-tis). Inflammation of the dura; 
pachymeningitis . 

duroarachnitis (du-ro-ar-ak-ni'-tis) [durus, hard; 
&P&xpv, a spider; iris, inflammation]. Inflammation 
of the dura and arachnoid membrane. 

duroleum (du-ro'-le-um). An ointment-base ob- 
tained from petroleum. 

Duroziez's disease (doo-ro-zje-a) [Paul Louis 
Duroziez, French physician, 1826-1897]. Con- 
genital mitral stenosis. D.'s murmur, a double 
murmur heard over the femoral artery on pressure 
with the stethoscope in cases of aortic insufficiency, 
mitral stenosis, lead-poisoning, contracted kidney, 
and some fevers. D.'s sign. Same as D.'s murmur. 



Dusart's syrup (doo-sar) [Lucien O. Dusart, 
French physician, 19th century]. A preparation 
having for its chief ingredient ferric phosphate; dose, 
5 to 2 fl.dr. (2 to 8 c.c). 

dusting-powder. Any fine powder used to dust 
on the skin to absorb or diminish its secretions or 
allay irritation. 

dust-occupations. Those that from the nature 
of the particles of the dust produced may give rise 
to pneumoconiosis, tuberculosis, or bronchitis. 

Dutch liquid. See ethene chloride. 

Duval's nucleus. An aggregation of large multi- 
polar ganglion-cells lying ventrolaterally to the 
hypoglossal nucleus. 

Duverney's foramen (doo-ver-na') [Joseph Guichard 
Duverney, French anatomist, 1648-1730]. See 
Winslow's foramen. D.'s gland. Same as Bartholin's 
gland. 

D. V. M. Abbreviation for Doctor of Veterinary 
Medicine. 

D. V. M. S. Abbreviation for Doctor of Veterinary 
Medicine and Surgery. 

D. V. S. 1. Abbreviation for Doctor of Veterinary 
Science. 2. Abbreviation for Doctor of Veterinary 
Surgery. 

dwarfism (dwarf -izm) [ME., dwarf]. An abnormal 
stature in man, often pathological (microcephalia, 
rickets, etc.), in which the height falls below 1 m. 
25 cm. 

dyad (di'-ad). An atom uniting with two monad 
atoms. 

dyaster (di'-as-ter). A double group of chromo- 
somes during the anaphases of cell-division. 

dye (di) [ME., dyen, to dye]. 1. To color a 
substance by immersing it in some coloring-matter. 
2. The material used as a coloring substance. d. f 
acid, one produced by combining a substance having 
coloring properties and which plays the part of an 
acid (an anilin) with some ordinary base, as sodium, 
potassium, etc. d., basic, one produced by com- 
bining with some acid a coloring principle (an anilin) 
which plays the part of a base. 

dyestuff (di'-stuf). See dye (2). d.s, indifferent, 
a group of histological dyestuffs, neither basic nor 
acid, obtained from acid which possesses a peculiar 
affinity for fats; an example is sudan III (benzol- 
azobetanaphthol). d., neutral, Ehrlich's term for 
a salt the acid portion of which is an acid dye and 
of which the basic portion is a basic dye. 

dymal (di'-mal). See didymium salicylate. 

dymyarious (di-mi-a'-re-us) [Svas, two; imvs, a 
muscle]. Furnished with two muscles. 

dynactinometer (di-nak-tin-om'-et-er) [Svvafiis, 
power; &ktU, a ray; ukrpov, a measure]. An ap- 
paratus for determining the intensity of the photo- 
genic rays and estimating the power of object glasses. 

dynam (di'-nam). See dyne. 

dynameter (di-nam'-et-er). See dynamometer (2). 

dynamia (di-nam'-e-ah) [Svvanis, power]. 1. Abil- 
ity to resist disease or to withstand the effects of 
any strain, physical or mental. 2. The sthenic 
character of any attack of disease. 

dynamic (di-nam'-ik) [dynamia]. Pertaining to 
energy; sthenic; characterized by energy or great 
force. 

dynamicity (di-nam-is'-it-e) [dynamia]. The great- 
est capacity for inherent power possessed by a sub- 
stance or organism. 

dynamics (di-nam'-iks). See mechanics, d., vital, 
the science of the inherent power of an organism. 

dynamimeter (di-nam-im'-et-er). See dynamo- 
meter. 

dynamite (di'-nam-it) [Swapis, power]. An 
explosive consisting of nitro-glycerin incorporated 
with infusorial earth, to give it consistency. It is 
eight times as powerful as gunpowder. 

dynamization (di-nam-iz-a' -shun) [Swapis, power]. 
The so-called potentizing of medicines by comminu- 
tion and agitation. 

dynamo (di'-nam-o) [5wa/us, power]. A machine 
in which an electric current is generated by revolving 
coils of insulated wire through the field of a magnet 
intensified by the same current. 

dynamoelectric (di-nam-o-e-lek'-trik) [dynamo- ; 
electric]. Relating to the motor power of electricity. 

dynamogen (di-nam'-o-jen). A proprietary remedy 
resembling hematogen; used in anemia. 

dynamogenic (di-nam-o-jen'-ik) [dynamo-; yewav, 
to produce]. Generating force or power. 

dynamogeny (di-nam-oj'-en-e) [dynamo-; yewav, to 



DYNAMOGRAPH 



307 



DYSKATABROSIS 



beget]. The production of energy; the physiological 
generation of force. 

dynamograph (di-nam'-o-graf) [dynamo; ypafaiv, 
to write]. An instrument designed to measure and 
record graphically muscular strength. 

dynamography (di-nam-og'-ra-fe) [see dynamo- 
graph), i. Mechanics. 2. The measurement and 
graphic record of muscular strength. 

dynamometer (di-nam-om' -et-er) [dynamo; n'erpov, 
a measure]. 1. An instrument for the measurement 
of muscular strength, particularly of the hand. 
2. An instrument for estimating the magnifying 
power of lenses. Syn., dynameter; optical dynamo- 
meter. 

dynamometry {di-nam-om' -et-re) [see dynamometer]. 
The measurement of force by means of the dynamo- 
meter, d.,. vital, the estimation of the inherent force 
of an individual. 

dynamoneure (di-nam'-o-nur) [dynamo-; vevpov, 
nerve]. A spinal motor neuron. 

dynamoscope (di-nam'-o-skop) [dynamo; o-kottcZv, 
to examine]. An apparatus for auscultating the 
muscles. 

dynamoscopy (di-nam-os' -ko-pe) . Auscultation 
of the muscles by means of the dynamoscope. 

dyne (din) [8wap.is, power]. A measure of force; 
it is the force that, when applied to a mass of one 
gram for one second, will give it a velocity of one 
centimeter a second. 

dys- [5vs-]. A prefix meaning bad, hard, difficult, 
painful. 

dysacousma (dis-ak-ooz'-mah) [dys-; &Kovo-ia, 
hearing]. A sensation of pain or discomfort caused 
by loud or even moderately loud noises. 

dysacusia, dysacousis (dis-ak-oo' -ze-ah, -sis) [see 
dysacousma]. Difficulty of hearing. 

dysesthesia (dis-es-the' -ze-ah). See dysesthesia. 

dysalbumose (dis-al'-bu-mos). A variety of 
albumose, insoluble in hot or cold water or hydro- 
chloric acid. 

dysanagnosia (dis-an-ag-no'-se-ah) [dys-; avayvwais, 
recognition, reading]. Word-blindness; dyslexia; 
difficulty in comprehending written language. 

dysantigraphia (dis-an-te-gra'-fe-ah). Inability to 
copy writing or print. 

dysaphe (dis'-af-e) [dys-; a<pri, touch]. Morbid 
state of the sense of touch. 

dysapocatastasis (dis-ap-o-kat-as'-tas-is) [dys-; diro- 
KaraxxTaais, re-establishment]. Morbid restlessness 
and dissatisfaction. 

dysaponotocy (dis-ap-o-nof -o-se) [dys-; airovos, 
painless; tokos, birth]. Painless, but difficult labor. 

dysarthria (dis-ar'-thre-ah) [dys-; apdpov, articu- 
lation]. Impairment of articulation. 

dysarthritis (dis-ar-thri'-tis) [dys-; arthritis]. Ano- 
malous gout. 

dysarthrosis (dis-ar-thro'-sis) [dys-; apdpos, a 
joint]. 1. A deformed joint. 2. A false-joint. 3. A 
dislocation of a joint. 

dysbasia (dis-ba'-ze-ah). Difficulty in walking. 
d. intermittens angiosclerotica, intermittent claudi- 
cation due to arteriosclerosis. 

dysblennia (dis-blen'-e-ah) [dys-; p\h>va, mucus]. 
A disordered state or formation of the mucus. 

dysbulia (dis-bu'-le-ah) [dys-; /3ouX«r0ai, to will]. 
Impairment of will-power. 

dyscatabrosis (dis-kat-ah-bro' -sis) [dys-; Ko.Ta0pu<ns, 
a devouring]. Difficulty in swallowing food; dys- 
phagia. 

dyschezia (dis-ke' -ze-ah) [dys-; x«f«"'. to go to 
stool]. Painful or difficult defecation, as in cases of 
prolapse of the ovary. 

dyscholia (dis-ko'-le-ah) [dys-; xo^v, bile]. A dis- 
ordered or morbid state of the bile. 

dyschondroplasia (dis-kon-dro-pla' -ze-ah) [dys- ; 
xovSpm, cartilage; 7rXacus, molding]. A disease of 
unknown etiology', attacking the long bones and 
the metacarpal and phalangeal skeleton of the hand. 
It is characterized by cartilaginous tissue developing 
regularly but ossifying very slowly. 

dyschrea, dyschroia, dyschroma (dis-kre'-ah, -kroi'- 
ah, -kro'-mah). See dyschroa and parachrea. 

dyschroa, dyschroea (dis-kro' -ah, -kre'-ah) [dys-; 
xpoid, color]. Discoloration, especially of the skin. 

dyschromasia (dis-kro-ma' -ze-ah). 1. See dyschroa. 
2. See dyschromatopsia. 

dyschromatodermia, dyschromodermia (dis-kro- 
mat-o-dur' -me-ah, dis-kro-mo-dur'-me-ah). See dys- 
chroa. 

dyschromatope (dis-kro' '-mat-dp) [dys-; xP«Ma, 



color; 01/as, vision]. An individual affected with 
dyschromatopsia. 

dyschromatopsia (dis-kro-mat-op'-se-ah) [see dys- 
chromatope]. Partial color-blindness; difficulty in 
distinguishing colors. 

dyschromia (dis-kro' -me-ah) [dys-; xpZfia, color]. 
Discoloration, especially of the skin. 

dyschylia (dis-ki'-le-ah) [dys-; chyle]. Disorder of 
the chyle. 

dyscinesia (dis-sin-e' -ze-ah) [dys-; /averts, motion]. 
Difficult or painful motion. 

dyscoria (dis-ko'-re-ah) [dys-; Kopr), pupil]. Ab- 
normality of the form of the pupil. 

dyscrasia (dis-kra'-ze-ah) [dys-; Kpaats, combina- 
tion]. A depraved condition of the blood or system 
due to general disease; a condition of increased 
susceptibility to disease. 

dyscrasic, dyscratic (dis-kra'-zik, dis-krat'-ik) [dys-; 
Kpao-i<s, combination]. Of the nature of, or affected 
with a dyscrasia. 

dysecoea, dysecoia (dis-es-e'-ah, dis-ek-oi'-ah) 
[5var]Koia, deafness]. Hardness of hearing. 

dysemesia, dysemesis (dis-em-e' -ze-ah, -em'-es-is) 
[dys-; emesis]. Painful vomiting; retthing. 

dysemia, dysaemia (dis-e' -me-ah) [dys-; alp.a, 
blood]. A morbid state of the blood. 

dysenteria (dis-en-te'-re-ah). See dysentery, d. 
splenica. Synonym of melena. 

dysenteric (dis-en-ter'-ik) [dysentery]. Of the 
nature of or affected with dysentery. 

dysenteriform (dis-en-ter-e' -form) [dysentery ; forma, 
form]. Resembling dysentery. 

dysenterioid (dis-en-ter'-e-oid). See dysenteriform. 

dysentery (dis'-en-ter-e) [dys-; evrepov, the bowel]. 
An inflammation of the large intestine, probably 
infectious in origin, and characterized by pain, rectal 
tenesmus, and the frequent passage of small amounts 
of mucus and blood. Anatomically, three varieties 
may be distinguished: the catarrhal, the diphtheritic, 
and the gangrenous. The true cause of dysentery 
is not known in all cases; but the Amceba coli is the 
cause of amebic dysentery. 

dysepulotic (dis-ep-u-lot'-ik) [dys-; eirovXaTucos, 
healing]. Cicatrizing slowly and imperfectly. 

dyserethisia (dis-er-e-thiz'-e-ah) [dys-; eptBL^eiv, 
to excite]. Diminished sensibility or irritability. 

dysergasia, dysergasy (dis-er-ga' -ze-ah, dis-er-ga'-ze) 
[Svo-epy-qs, difficult to effect]. Disturbances of func- 
tion, especially as manifested in neurasthenia. 

dysesthesia (dis-es-the' -ze-ah) [dys-; alo-drjo-is, 
sensation]. 1. Dulness of sensation. 2. Painfulness 
of any sensation not normally painful. 

dysfunction (dis-fungk'-shun). Any abnormality 
or impairment of function. 

dysgalactia (dis-gal-ak'-te-ah) [dys-; ya\a, milk]. 
Loss or impairment of milk secretion. 

dysgenesia (dis-jen-e' -ze-ah) [dys-; -yewdV, to 
produce]. Loss or impairment of procreative power. 

dysgenesis (dis-jen'-es-is) [dys-; ykvtais, genera- 
tion]. Sterility; difficulty in breeding. 

dysgenic (dis-jen'-ik). 1. Pertaining to dysgenesis. 
2. A term applied to anything which interferes with 
eugenics. _ 3- The opposite of eugenics. 

dysgenitalism (dis-jen'-it-al-ism) [dys-; genital]. 
The condition resulting from some abnormality in 
the development of the genital organs. 

dysgeusia (dis-ju'-se-ah) [dys-; y evens, taste]. 
Morbidity or perversion of the sense of taste. 

dysgrammatism (dis-gram'-at-izm) [dys-; ypap.p.a, 
a letter]. Inability to make the proper use of words. 
It is a symptom of certain cerebral diseases. 

dysgraphia (dis-graf'-e-ah) [dys-; ypa^eiv, to 
write]. 1. Impairment of the power of writing as a 
result of a brain-lesion. 2. Writer's cramp. 

dyshsemia (dis-he' -me-ah). See dysemia. 

dyshaphia (dis-haf -e-ah) . See dysaphe. 

dyshidria, dysidria (dis-hid'-re-ah, dis-id'-re-ah) 
[dys-; ISpus, sweat]. A morbid condition of the 
function of perspiration. 

dyshidrosis (dis-hid-ro'-sis). See dysidrosis. 

dyshypophysism (dis-hi-pof -is-izm) [dys-; hypo- 
physis]. A condition produced by an abnormal con- 
dition of the pituitary gland. It is characterized 
by hypotension, tachycardia, sensation of heat, 
profuse sweats, oliguria, anorexia, asthma, insomnia, 
and disturbances of nutrition and growth. 

dysidrosis (dis-id-ro'-sis) [dys-; I5puais, sweating]. 
Synonym of pompholyx. 

dyskatabrosis (dis-kat-ah-bro' -sis). See dyscata- 
brosis. 



DYSKINESIA 



308 



DYSPRAGIA 



dyskinesia (dis-kin-e'-ze-ah) [dys-; Kivrjais, move- 
ment]. Impairment of the power of voluntary 
motion. 

dyslalia (dis-lal'-e-ah) [dys-; \a\elv, to talk]. 
Impairment of the power of speaking, due to a defect 
of the organs of speech. 

dyslexia (dis-leks'-e-ah) [dys-; X«£is, reading]. 
Impairment of the ability to read. 

dyslochia (dis-lo'-ke-ah) [dys-; lochia]. An ab- 
normal condition of the lochia! discharge. 

dyslogia (dis-lo'-je-ah) [dys-; \6yos, speech]. 
Difficulty in the expression of ideas by speech. 

dyslysin (dis'-lis-in) [dys-; \beip, to dissolve], 
C24H36O7. A product of cholic acid. 

dysmasesis, dysmassesis, dysmastesis (dis-mas-e'- 
sis, dis-mas-te'-sis). Difficulty of mastication. 

dysmenorrhea, dysmenorrhea (dis-men-or-e'-ah) 
[dys-; nr}j>, month ; frelv, to flow]. Difficult or painful 
menstruation, d., congestive, a form of painful men- 
struation due to an intense congestion of the pelvic 
viscera, d., inflammatory, that due to inflammation. 
d., mechanical. See d., obstructive, d., membranous, 
a very painful form characterized by the discharge of 
shreds of menstrual decidua. d., obstructive, that 
due to mechanical obstruction to the free escape of 
the menstrual fluid, d., ovarian, that form due to 
disease of the ovaries, d., spasmodic, that form due 
to spasmodic uterine contraction, d., vascular, pain, 
congestive symptoms in the genital apparatus, and 
tenesmus of the bladder and anus appearing some 
days prior to menstruation. 

dysmimia (dis-mim'-e-ah) [dys-; [u/ieTaOai, to 
mimic]. Impairment of the power to use signs 
and gestures; inability to imitate. 

dysmnesia {dis-mne'-ze-ah) [dys-; fivrjats, memory]. 
Impairment or defect of the memory. 

dysmorphia (dis-mor'-fe-ah) [dys-; p.op<prj, form]. 
Deformity. 

dysmorphophobia (dis-morf-o-fo'-be-ah) [dys-; 
Hop<t>i), form; <£6/3os, fear]. Morbid dread of de- 
formity; it is a rudimentary form of paranoia. 

dysmorphosteopalinklast (dis-morf-os-te-o-pal'-in- 
klast). An instrument for refracturing a bone which 
has united with deformity. 

dysmorphosteopalinklasy (dis-morf-os-te-o-pal-in'- 
kla-se) [8vap,op<pos, deformed; barkou, a bone; tto\iv, 
again; k\av, to break]. The operation of refracturing 
a bone which has healed with deformity after a frac- 
ture. 

dysmyotonia (dis-mi-o-to'-ne-ah) [dys-; pvs, a 
muscle; twos, tone]. 1. Atony of the muscles. 
2. Excessive tonicity in muscles; myotonia. 

dysneuria (dis-nu'-re-ah) [dys-; vevpov, nerve]. 
An impairment of nerve-function. 

dysnoia {dis-noi'-ah) [dys-; vbos, mood, disposi- 
tion]. Heavy, gloomy thought. 

dysnusia (dis-nu'-ze-ah) [dys-; vovs, mind]. Weak- 
ness or impairment of the mind. 

dysodia (dis-o'-de-ah) [dys-; 6%eiv, to smell]. 
Fetor; stench; ill smell. Also a synonym of rhinitis 
atrophica, q. v.^ 

dysodontiasis (dis-o-don-ti'-as-is) [dys-; bSovriacris, 
dentition]. Difficult dentition. 

dysodynia (dis-o-din'-e-ah) [dys-; bbvvq, pain]. 
Ineffective labor-pains. 

dysopia (dis-o'-pe-ah) [dys-; &\p, eye]. Painful or 
defective vision. 

dysorexia {dis-or-eks'-e-ah) [dys-; 6pe£is, appetite]. 
A depraved or unnatural appetite. 

dysosmia (dis-oz'-me-ah) [dys-; bap.ii, odor]. Im- 
pairment of the sense of smell. 

dysosphresia (dis-os-fre'-ze-ah) [dys-; 6a<j>pr)ais, 
smell]. Impairment of the sense of smell. 

dysostosis (dis-os-to'-sis) [dys-; barkov, bone]. 
Defective formation of bone, d., cleidocranial, a 
singular congenital malformation compatible with 
life, intelligence, and purity of the blood, consisting 
in incomplete ossification of the skull, malformation 
of the palatine arch, and more or less atrophy of the 
clavicles. 

dyspareunia (dis-par-oo'-ne-ah) [Svo-irapewos, ill- 
mated]. Painful or difficult copulation, d., climac- 
teric, pain or difficulty in coitus following the meno- 
pause; it is regarded as a symptom of kraurosis vulva?. 

dyspepsia (dis-pep'-se-ah) [dys-; ireirreiv, to digest]. 
Disturbed digestion, d., acid, that attended with 
hyperacidity of the gastric juice, d., alkaline, that 
accompanied by lack of the normal acidity of the 
gastric juice, d., atonic, a form due to insufficient 
quantity or impaired quality of the gastric juice or 



to deficient action of the gastric muscles, d., bilious, 
intestinal dyspepsia due to impaired secretion of bile, 
d., catarrhal, that caused by gastric catarrh, d., 
chemical, that due to some change in the consti- 
tution of the digestive secretions, d., feculent, that 
due to excess of starchy food in the diet, d., flatu- 
lent, d., gaseous, that marked by almost constant 
generation of gas within the stomach, d., gastric, 
that confined to the stomach, d., gastrointestinal, 
that in which both the stomach and the intestine are 
concerned, d., gastrorrheal, that due to gastric 
catarrh and hypersecretion, d., inflammatory, that 
due to some form of gastritis, d., intestinal, that 
due to imperfect digestive action of the intestinal 
juices or to lack of tone in the muscular coat of the 
bowel, d., lienteric, that due to defective nutrition 
or superalimentation, and indicated by lienteric 
stools, d., motor. See d., atonic, d., muscular, 
that due to atony of the muscular coat of the stomach 
or intestine, d., nervosecretory, neurotic dyspepsia 
with perverted or excessive gastric secretion, d., 
nervous, that characterized by gastric pains, coming 
on often when the stomach is empty and relieved by 
eating, and by various reflex nervous phenomena, 
especially by palpitation, d., neuralgic, that marked 
by intermittent gastrodynia. d., pyretic, Gendrin's 
name for the forms of inflammatory dyspepsia 
formerly known as bilious or gastric fever, d., 
salivary, that due to excess, deficiency, or defective 
quality of the saliva or to insufficient mastication. 

dyspepsodynia (dis-pep-so-din'-e-ah). Synonym of 
gastralgia. 

dyspeptic (dis-pep'-tik) [see dyspepsia], 1. Relating 
to or affected with dyspepsia. 2. A person suffering 
from dyspepsia. 

dyspeptone (dis-pep'-ton) [see dyspepsia]. An 
insoluble and unassimilable peptone. 

dysperistalsis (dis-per-e-stal'-sis). Painful or vio- 
lent, or perverted peristalsis. 

dyspermatism \dis-per' -mat-iztri) [dys-; o-irkppa, 
seed]. Difficulty of depositing the sperm within 
the vagina. 

dyspermia {dis-perm'-e-ah). See dysspermia. 

dysphagia (dis-fa'-je-ah) [dys-; $ayelv, to eat]. 
Difficulty in swallowing, or inability to swallow. 
d. amyotactica, a disturbance of the act of deglutition, 
not due to organic changes in the pharynx or eso- 
phagus nor to spasm or paralysis of the muscles 
concerned in swallowing; it consists in a disturbance 
of the rhythm of the function of the higher nerve- 
centers, d. callosa, that resulting from the destruc- 
tion of the muscular layers of the esophagus and the 
formation of cicatricial tissue causing constriction. 
d. constricta, that due to stenosis of the pharynx 
or esophagus, d. globosa, globus hystericus, d. 
lusoria, a doubtful form ascribed to compression of 
the esophagus by the right subclavian artery when 
by a freak of nature this artery springs from the 
aorta behind the left subclavian artery and turns 
to the right either before or behind the esophagus. 
d. spastica, that due to hysterical spasm of the eso- 
phagus or pharynx. 

dysphasia (dis-fa'-ze-ah) [dys-; <piurts, speech]. 
Difficulty of speech depending on a central lesion. 

dysphemia (dis-je' -me-ah) [dys-; <Pr)p,r), a speech]. 
Stammering. 

dysphonia (dis-fo'-ne-ah) [dys-; <po)vi), voice]. An 
impairment of the voice. 

dysphoria (dis-fo'-re-ah) [dys-; 4>eptiv, to bear J. 
Impatience and restlessness; mental anxiety ;fidgets. 

dysphotia (dis-fo'-she-ah) [dys-; <p€>s, light]. An 
error of refraction in which only near objects are 
seen; nearsightedness. 

dysphrasia (dis-fra'-ze-ah) [dys-; <j>p6.<ns, speech]. 
Imperfect speech due to impairment of mental power. 

dysphrenia (dis-fre'-ne-ah) [dys-; <ppi)v, mind]. 
Any mental disorder. 

dyspituitarism (dis-pit-u'-it-ar-izni). A condition 
due to disease or destruction of the pituitary body. 

dysplasmatic, dysplastic (dis-plaz-mat'-ik, dis- 
plast'-ik). See cacoplastic. 

dyspnea, dyspnoea {disp-ne'-ah) [dys-; irveiv, to 
breathe]. Difficult or labored breathing, d., cardiac, 
that due to heart disease, d., renal, that due to 
renal disease, d., Traube's. See Traube's dyspnea. 

dyspneic (disp-ne'-ik) [dyspnea]. Affected with 
or caused by dyspnea. 

dyspragia (dis-pra'-je-ah) [dys-; tcph-ytiv, to do; 
to perform]. Difficult or painful performance of any 
function. 



DYSPROTEOSE 



309 



DYSZOOAMPLIA 



dysproteose (dis-pro'-te-os). A modified hetero- 
proteose obtained by treating heteroproteose with 
water. 

dysspermasia, dysspermatism (dis-sperm-a'-ze-ah, 
dis-sperm' -at-izm) . See bradyspermatism. 

dysspermia (dis-sper'-me-ah) [dys-; o-irkpua, seed]. 
An abnormal condition of the semen. 

dysstechiasis, dysstoechiasis, dysstichiasis (dis- 
stek-i'-as-is, dis-stik-i' -as-is) . See distichiasis. 

dystasia (dis-ta'-ze-ah) [dys-; aratris, standing]. 
Difficulty in standing. 

dystaxia .(dis-taks'-e-ah) [dys-; t6£is, regulation; 
order]. Ataxia or partial ataxia, d. agitans, tremor 
due to irritation of the spinal cord. Syn., pseudo- 
paralysis agitans. 

dysteleologic (dis-te-le-o-loj'-ik) [dys-; reXeos, 
perfect; X670S, science]. Pertaining to dysteleology. 

dysteleology (dis-te-le-ol'-o-je) [dys-; reXeos, per- 
fect; Xo-yos, science]. The study of rudimentary 
and useless organs, such as the vermiform appendix. 

dysthanasia (dis-than-a'-ze-ah) [dys-; davaros, 
death]. A slow and painful death. 

dysthelasia (dis-thel-a'-ze-ah) [dys-; 0r)\6.£eiv, to 
suck]. Difficulty in sucking or in giving suck. 

dysthermasia (dis-ther-ma'-ze-ah) [dys-; 6epp,ri, 
heat]. Insufficient production of bodily heat. 

dysthesia (dis-the'-ze-ah) [dys-; dean, an arranging], 
i. Ill condition, especially ill health due to a non- 
febrile disorder of the blood-vessels. 2. Impatience; 
fretfulness; ill-temper in the sick. 

dysthetic (dis-ihet'-ik) [dysthesia]. Of the nature 
of a dysthesia; cachectic. 

dysthymia (dis-thim'-e-ah) [dys-; 6vp.6s, mind]. 
Melancholy or mental perversion, d. algetica, 
mental perversion due to peripheral nerve-irritation. 
d. neuralgica, mental perversion due to facial or other 
neuralgias. 

dysthyreosis (.dis-thi-re-o'-sis) [dys-; thyroid]. 
Impaired functional activity of the thyroid gland. 

dysthyroid, dysthyroidism {dis-thi'-roid, -izm). 
Incomplete development and function of the thyroid 
gland. 

dystithia {dis-tith'-e-ah) [dys-; rtdt], a nipple]. 
Difficulty of nursing or inability to nurse at the 
breast. 



dystocia (dis-to'-se-ah) [dys-; tokos, birth]. Diffi- 
cult labor, d., fetal, difficult labor due to abnormalities 
of position or size and shape of the fetus, d., ma- 
ternal, that dystocia the cause of which resides in 
the mother. 



[dys-, 
[dys-; 



tovos, tone]. 
tottos, place]. 



Dis- 



Dis- 



dystonia (dis-to'-ne-ah) 
order or lack of tonicity. 

dystopia (dis-to'-pe-ah) 
placement of any organ. 

dystrophia (dis-tro'-fe-ah). See dystrophy. d. 
adiposogenital, a form of dystrophy characterized 
by adiposity, aplasia of the genitals, and hypotri- 
chosis; it is believed to be due to diminished function 
of the pituitary body. 

dystrophic (dis-tro'-fik) [see dystrophy]. Per- 
taining to dystrophy. 

dystrophoneurosis (dis-tro-fo-nu-ro'-sis) [dys-; rpcxptj, 
nourishment; vevpov, a nerve; voaos, disease]. A 
disturbance of nutrition caused by abolition or 
perversion of nervous influence; or a nervous disease 
caused by ill-nutrition. 

dystrophy (dis'-tro-fe) [dys-; rpb<pi\, nourishment]. 
Faulty nutrition. 

dystropodextrin (dis-tro-po-deks'-trin) [dys-; rpk- 
ireiv, to turn; dexter, right]. A starchy material 
existing in normal blood, and but slightly soluble. 

dystrypsia (dis-trip'-se-ah) [dys-; trypsin]. Dys- 
pepsia from lack of trypsin, d., intestinal, a term 
proposed as a substitute for intestinal dyspepsia, 
since trypsin is the most important enzyme in in- 
testinal digestion. 

dysulotous (dis-u'-lo-tus) [dys-; 011X17, scar. Heal- 
ing with difficulty. 

dysuresia, dysuresis (dis-u-re'-se-ah, -sis) [dys-; 
ovprja-is, micturition]. Any disease of the urinary 
apparatus. 

dysuria (dis-u'-re-ah) [dys-; ovpov, urine]. Diffi- 
cult or painful urination. 

dysuriac (dis-u'-re-ak). A person affected with 
dysuria. 

dysuric (dis-u'-rik) [dysuria]. Affected with or 
relating to dysuria. 

dyszooamylia (dis-zo-o-am-il'-e-ah) [dys-; zooamy- 
lon]. Imperfect transformation of dextrose into 
glycogen (zooamylon). 



E. Abbreviation of eye, of emmetropia, and of 
electromotive force. Chemical symbol of erbium. 

e. A prefix denoting without, from, etc. 

ear (er) [ME., ere]. The organ of hearing, con- 
sisting of the external ear, the middle ear or tym- 
panum, and the internal ear or labyrinth. The 
outer ear is made up of an expanded portion, the 
pinna, and the external auditory canal. The middle 
ear consists of the tympanum, with the ear-ossicles, 
the Eustachian tube, and the mastoid cells. The 
tympanum is lined by mucous membrane, and com- 
municates with the pharynx by means of the Eusta- 
chian tube. It is divided into three parts — the 
atrium, the attic, and the antrum. Its outer end is 
closed by the tympanic membrane, from which sound 
is conducted along the ear-ossicles (the malleus, 
incus, and stapes) to the fenestra ovalis, which com- 
municates with the vestibule of the internal ear. 
By means of the fenestra rotunda, which is closed 
by the entotympanic membrane, it communicates 
with the cochlea of the internal ear. The mastoid 
cells, which are also part of the tympanum, are air- 
spaces in the mastoid process of the temporal bone. 
The internal ear consists of the bony and membranous 
labyrinths, which are separated from each other 
by a space containing the perilymph. Each labyrinth 
consists of three parts: the vestibule, the semi- 
circular canals, and the cochlea. The bony vestibule 
communicates with the tympanum by the fenestra 
ovalis, closed by the base of the stapes, and also 
with the other parts of the internal ear. The semi- 
circular canals are three in number — the superior, 
the posterior, and the inferior. The cochlea, so 
named from its resemblance to a snail-shell, is a 
cylindrical tube that winds around a central axis, the 
modiolus, which transmits the cochlear nerves and 
blood-vessels. The cochlear canal is divided by the 
spiral lamina into the scala vestibuli, communicating 
with the vestibule, and the scala tympani, communi- 
cating with the fenestra rotunda of the tympanum. 
The membranous labyrinth is made up of parts corre- 
sponding to the bony labyrinth. The vestibule 
consists of two small sacs, the utricle and the saccule, 
which communicate through the vestibular aqueduct, 
and are lined by an epithelium, the macules acusticce, 
which in places is largely specialized and receives 
the terminations of the vestibular nerve. The 
membranous cochlea, or cochlear duct, contains the 
acoustic organ of the cochlea, or organ of Corti, which 
consists of a series of epithelial arches formed by the 
interlocking of the ends of the pillars or rods of 
Corti. Upon the inner rods of Corti are the inner 
acoustic hair-cells; in relation with the outer rods 
are the outer hair-cells. The organ of Corti is 
covered by the membrana tectoria, or Corti's mem- 
brane, e.-ache. See otalgia, e., Blainville's. See 
Blainville's ear. e.-bones, the auditory ossicles. 
e.-cough, a reflex cough due to irritation of the ear. 
e. Darwin's. See Darwin's ear. e.-drum, the tym- 
panum, e.-mold, otomycosis, e., Morel's. See 
Morel's ear. e.-trumpet, an instrument to aid the 
hearing, e.-wax. See cerumen. 

earth (erth) [ME., erthe]. A name given to various 
metallic oxides or silicates not soluble in water 
and not affected by great heat, e.s, alkaline, the 
oxides and hydrates of calcium, magnesium, stron- 
tium, barium, and other metals of the same group, 
e.-bath, application of hot earth or sand to the 
body of a patient, e., fuller's, a clay used as an 
absorbent application to irritated surfaces. 

earthy phosphate. See phosphate, earthy. 

Eastes' test for sugar. Place 60 Cc. of filtered 
urine in a beaker of 100 Cc. capacity, add 1 Gm. of 
sodium acetate and a little less of phenylhydrazin 
hydrochloride; stir with a glass rod, which is to 
remain in the beaker. Evaporate on a water-bath 
to 10 or 15 Cc, scraping the sediment from the sides 
of the beaker, if it collects there; cool, and examine 



under the microscope. If there is 1 part to 1000 of 
sugar in the urine, osazone crystals will be found. 

Easton's syrup (es-ton) [John Alexander Easton, 
English physician, 1807-1865]. A syrup of the 
phosphates of quinine, iron, and strychnine. 

eat (et). 1. To masticate and swallow food. 
2. To corrode. 

eau (o) [Fr.]. Water, e. de Cologne, Cologne 
water, e. de Javelle, solution of potassium hypo- 
chlorite, e. de vie, brandy ; alcoholic spirit. 

Eberth's bacillus (a'-bairt) [Carl Joseph Eberth, 
German physician, 1835- ]. Bacillus typhi 
abdominalis. See bacilli, table of. E.'s lines, dark 
broken lines seen to separate the cardiac muscular 
cells on staining with silver nitrate. Syn., linece 
scalar if or mes. 

Ebner's germ reticulum (eb'-ner) [Victor von 
Ebner, Austrian histologist, 1842- ]. A fine, 
nucleated reticulum existing between the inner 
cells of the seminiferous tubules. E.'s glands, the 
acinous glands situated in the region of the circum- 
vallate papilla? of the tongue. 

ebonation (e-bo-na'-shun) [e, away from; bone]. 
The removal of splinters of bone after injury. 

ebonite (eb'-on-it) [ebon, ebony]. Black hard 
rubber. See vulcanite. 

ebracteate (e-brak'-te-at) [e, priv.; bractea, a thin 
plate]. In biology, destitute of bracts. 

ebriecation (e-bri-e-ka'-shun) [ebrietas, drunken- 
ness]. Mental disorder due to the use of alcoholic 
stimulants. 

ebrietas (e-bri'-et-as) [L.]. Synonym of alcoholism. 

ebriety, ebriosity (e-bri'-et-e, e-bre-os'-et-e). Syno- 
nym of alcoholism. 

Ebstein's lesion (eb'-stin) [Wilhelm Ebstein, 
German physician, 1836- ]. Hyaline degenera- 
tion and insular necrosis of the epithelial cells of the 
renal tubules in diabetes. 

ebullition (eb-ul-lish'-un) [ebullire, to boil]. Boiling. 

ebur (e'-bur) [L.]. Ivory, e. dentis, dentine, q. v. 

eburnated (e-bur'-na-ted) [ebur, ivory]. A term 
applied to dentine the tubules of which have been 
obliterated by a calcareous deposit. 

eburnation {e-bur-na' -shun) [ebur, ivory]. 1. An 
increase in the density of bone following inflamma- 
tion. 2. Ossification of a cartilage; calcareous 
infiltration of a tumor. 

eburneous (e-bur'-ne-us) [ebur, ivory]. In biology, 
ivory-white. 

ecaudate (e-kaw'-dat) [e, priv.; cauda, a tail]. 
Tailless; without a tail-like appendage. See acaudal. 

Ecballium (ek-bal'-e-um). See elaterium. 

ecblepharos (ek-blef-ar-os) [he, out; (TKbpapov, 
eyelid]. An ancient form of artificial eye. 

ecbloma (ek-blo'-mah) [he, out; (iaWetv, to cast]. 
An abortion; an aborted fetus. 

ecbolic (ek-bol'-ik) [hefioXr,, a throwing out]. 
1. Producing abortion or accelerating labor. 2. Any 
agent producing this effect. 

ecboline (ek'-bol-en) [e/c, out; /3<xXX«k, to throw]. 
An alkaloid said to be one of the active principles of 
ergot. Little is known about it. 

ecbolium {ek-bo'-le-um) [he, out; /3aXX«j\ to throw: 
pi., ecbolia].. Any abortifacient drug. 

eccentric (ek-sen'-trik) [he, out; K&rpov, center]. 
1. Situated away from the center. 2. Odd or 
peculiar in behavior, but free from insanity, e. 
amputation. See amputation. e. convulsion, one 
due to peripheral irritation, e. hypertrophy, hyper- 
trophy of a hollow organ, as the heart, with dilation. 

eccentricity (ek-sen-tris'-it-e) [he, out; K&rpov, 
center]. 1. Oddness or peculiarity of behavior 
without true insanity. 2. A peculiarity. 

eccentropiesis (ek-sen-tro-pi-e'-sis) [eccentric; irUats, 
a pressing]. Pressure from within outward; a 
method proposed for the treatment of anal fistula. 

eccephalosis (ek-sef-al-o'-sis) [he, out of; iee<t>a\ri, 
the head]. Synonym of cephalotomy or excerebration. 



ECCHONDROMA 



311 



ECHOSCOPE 



ecchondroma (ek-oh-dro'-mah) [he, out; xovSpos, 
cartilage; opa, tumor: pi., ecchondromata]. A carti- 
laginous tumor; a chondroma. 

ecchondrosis (ek-on-dro'-sis) [ecchondroma; pl. t 
ecchondroses]. A cartilaginous outgrowth. 

ecchondrotome (ek-kon' -dro-iom) [he, out; xofdpos, 
cartilage; roy.it, cutting]. An instrument for the 
surgical removal of cartilaginous growths. 

ecchymoma (ek-e-mo'-mah) [he, out; xum°s, juice; 
oMa, tumor: pi., ecchymomata). A tumor-like swelling 
composed of extravasated blood. 

ecchymosis (ek-e-mo'-sis) [he, out; x"M°s. juice]. 
An extravasation of blood into the subcutaneous 
tissues. It is marked by a purple discoloration of the 
skin, the color gradually changing to brown, green, 
and yellow. 

ecchymotic (ek-e-mot'-ik) [ecchymosis]. Relating 
to or resembling an ecchymosis. 

ecchysis (ek'-kis-is) [aexvens, a pouring out]. 
Any skin-disease characterized by effusion into the 
dermal tissue. 

ecclasis (ek-la'-sis) [hac\a.v, to break in pieces]. 
A breaking away, as of a small piece of bone from a 
larger piece. 

ecclisis (ek-U'-sis) [heieXlveiv, to turn aside], 
i. Dislocation. 2. 'The displacement of fractured 
bones. 

ecclysis {ek-U'-sis) [IkkKv^iv, to wash out]. A 
washing out by injections. 

eccope (ek'-op-e) [iiacoirfi, a cutting out]. Excision 
of a part, or the vertical division of the cranium by a 
saw or other means. 

eccorthatic (ek-or-that'-ik) [he, out; KopOvs, a heap]. 
Producing copious fecal discharge. 

eccrinology (ek-rin-ol'-o-je) [heplveiv, to secrete; 
\6yos, science]. The science of secretion, including 
its physics, physiology, and pathology. 

eccrisiology, eccrisionomy (ek-kris-e-ol'-o-je, -on'- 
om-e) . _ See eccrinology. 

eccrisis (ek'-ris-is) [heieplveiv, to expel]. The 
expulsion of waste or morbid products; excretion. 

eccritic {ek-rit'-ik) [heiepiTueos, secretive]. 1. A 
medicine promoting excretion. 2. Promoting 
excretion. 

eccyesis (ek-si-e'-sis) [he, out; kvt)<tis, pregnancy]. 
Extra-uterine gestation. 

eccyliosis (ek-si-le-o'-sis) [he, out; KvXLvSetv, to 
roll]. Any disorder of development. 

ecdemic (ek-dem'-ik) [he8r)p.os, away from home]. 
Applied to diseases originating in a distant locality; 
not endemic. 

ecdemiomania, ecdemomania (ek-de-me-o-ma'-ne- 
ah, ek-de-mo-ma' -ne-ah) [he8rjp.os, away from home; 
tiavia, madness]. Insanity marked by a desire for 
wandering. 

ecdemionosus (ek-de-me-on'-o-sus) [eieSrineeiv, to 
wander; vbaos, disease]. Ecdemiomania. 

ecderon (ek'-der-on) [iie, out; Skpos, skin]. 1. That 
layer of skin or mucous membrane that lies outside 
of the enderon. 2. The outermost or epithelial 
layer of skin or mucous membrane. 

ecderonic (ek-der-on'-ik) [he, out; 5epos, skin]. 
Belonging to or of the nature of the ecderon. 

ecdysis (ek'-dis-is) [heSveiv, to cast off]. Slough- 
ing or casting off of the skin ; desquamation. 

ecgonine (ek'-go-nen). An alkaloid produced in 
the decomposition of cocaine by HC1. 

echafolta (ek-af-ol'-tah). A proprietary antiseptic 
and alterative; said to be a purified echinacea. 

echidnase (ek-id'-nas) [extSfa, viper]. A phlogo- 
genic principle found in snake-venom. 

echidnin (e-kid'-nin) [ixtdva, viper]. 1. Serpent- 
poison; the poison or venom of the viper and other 
similar serpents. 2. A nitrogenous and venomous 
principle found in the poison-secretion of various 
serpents. 

echidnotoxin (ek-id-no-toks'-in). A principle of 
snake-venom having a general action and a powerful 
effect on the nervous system. 

Echinacea (ek-in-a'-se-ah) [ixivos, a hedgehog]. 
A genus of coarse composite plants of N. America. 
E. angustifolia. Black Sampson. The root of a 
perennial herb growing in the U. S. It is claimed 
that it possesses marked alterative value in strumous 
and syphilitic conditions. Dose of the fluidextract 
njj xv-xxx. 

echinate (ek'-in-at) [echinatus, prickly, from 
echinus, a hedgehog]. Beset with prickles. 

echinococcosis (ek-in-o-kok-o'-sis). Infection with 
echinococci. 



echinococcotomy (ek-in-o-kok-ot'-o-me) [echinococ- 
cus; rkyveiv, to cut]. The Posadas- Bobrow opera- 
tion, consisting in the evacuation of echinococcus- 
cysts and closure of the cavity by suture. 

echinococcus (ek-in-o-kok'-us) [ixlvos, a hedgehog; 
kokkos, a berry]. 1. The scolex or larval stage of 
the Taenia echinococcus. 2. Hydatid. e.-cyst. 
See cyst, echinococcus. 

echinodermatous, echinodermous (ek-in-o-der'- 
mat-us, -mus). Having a spiny surface. 

echinol (ek'-in-ol). A proprietary alterative con- 
taining echinacea. 

Echinops (ek'-in-ops) [ixlfos, a hedgehog; &\y, 
appearance]. A genus of composite plants. E. 
sphcerocephalus, a European species, is laxative and 
diuretic, and contains an alkaloid, echinopsine, 
similar in action to brucine and strychnine. 

Echinorhyncus (e-ki-no-rin'-kus) [exi'ws, hedge- 
hog; pvyxos, beak]. A worm parasitic within certain 
animals and occasionally found in man. E. gigas 
is the best-known species. E. hominis is smaller, 
and is perhaps an immature form of the other. 

echinulate (e-kin'-u-ldt) [echinulus, dim. of echinus, 
a hedgehog]. 1. Beset with prickles of small size. 
2. Bacterial cultures showing spinous projections. 

echitamine (ek-if -am-en) . See ditaine. 

echitenine (e-kit' -en-en), C20H27NO4. An amor- 
phous, brown alkaloid of Dita, soluble in alcohol 
and water. 

echma (ek'-mah) [ixjia,,a. stoppage: pi., echmata], 
A stoppage or obstruction. 

echmasis (ek' -mas-is) [exMafeip, to hinder; pi., 
echmases]. An obstruction or an obstructive disease. 

echmatic (ek-mat'-ik) [ixM^eiv, to hinder]. Due 
to or marked by an echmasis or an echma. 

echo (ek'-o) [17X&, a sound]. A reverberated sound. 
e., amphoric, a vocal resonance in which the trans- 
mitted voice sounds as if it were speaking into a 
narrow-necked bottle, e.-sign, a symptom of 
epilepsy and other brain-conditions in which there is 
a repetition of the closing word or words of a sentence. 
It is regarded as the result of perverted will, or im- 
paired or defective inhibition, e.-speech, a peculiar 
method of utterance in one type of hypnotism. 

echoacousia (ek-o-ah-koo'-se-ah) [echo; aieovo-La, 
hearing]. The subjective sensation of hearing echoes 
after sounds < heard normally. 

echoacousia (ek-o-ah-koo'-se-ah) [echo; iueovaai, 
hearing]. The subjective sensation of hearing echoes 
after sounds heard normally. 

echographia (ek-o-graf'-e-ah) [echo; ypdepeiv, to 
write]. A form of aphasia in which printed or 
written questions submitted to the patient are copied 
without ability to comprehend the inquiry; also, in 
writing, the last word or letter is repeated. 

echokinesia, echokinesis (ek-o-kin-e'-se-ah, -e'-sis) 
[fa", echo; Kivr)<ns, motion]. Imitative unwilled 
action, like that observed in palmus or latah. See 
palmus and habit-spasm. 

echolalia (ek-o-la' -le-ah) [echo; XaXia, babble]. 
A meaningless repetition, by a person, of words 
spoken to him by others. 

echolalus (ek-o-la'-lus) [see echolalia]. A hypno- 
tized person who repeats words heard without com- 
prehension of their meaning. 

echomatism (ek-om'-at-izm) [echo; yari^iv, to 
strive to do]. The opposite of automatism. The 
mimicking condition produced in hypnotics when the 
hand is pressed on the vertex of the head. 

echometer (ek-om'-et-er) [yx&, sound; ukrpov, a 
measure]. A stethoscope. 

echopathy (ek-op'-ath-e) [nx^, echo; irados, disease]. 
Any automatic and purposeless repetition of a word 
or sound heard or of an act seen. 

echophony (ek-of-o-ne) [echo; epunrq, voice]. An 
echo of a vocal sound in auscultation of the chest. 

echo pho tony (ek-o-fot'-o-ne) [echo; <£-is, light; tovos, 
one]. The production of the sensation of color by 
the stimulus of aerial waves, or sound. See phonism, 
photism. 

echophrasia (ek-o-fra'-ze-ah) [echo; <fipa<Tis, speech]. 
Same as echolalia. 

echopraxis (ek-o-praks'-is) [echo; irp££is, a doing] 
The needless continuance, by an insane patient, of 
some maneuver initiated by the physician in the 
course of examining the patient. 

echos (e'-kos) [echo]. Any subjective sensation, 
as of a sound that has no objective cause. 

echoscope (ek'-o-skop) [echo; oko-kHv, to ex- 
amine]. A stethoscope. 



ECHOSCOPIA 



312 



ECTENTAL 



echoscopia (ek-o-sko'-pe-ah) [echo; arKoirtZv, to 
view]. Auscultation. 

echo-speech (ek'-o-spech). Same as echolalia. 

echuja (ek'-ii-jah). An apocynaceous plant, 
Adenium bahmianum, of Africa. It is extremely 
poisonous. 

echujin, echugin (ek'-u-jin). A poisonous glucoside 
from the plant called echuja; it has much the same 
effects as strophanthin. 

eciomania (ek-e-o-ma'-ne-ah). See oikiomania. 

Eck fistula [Gottlieb Wilhelm Eck, German physi- 
cian, 179S-1848]. An artificially made communication 
between the portal vein and the vena cava inferior. 
Ecker's gyrus [Alexander Ecker, German anato- 
mist, 1816-1887]. The gyrus descendens, the most 
posterior of the occipital convolutions. E.'s sulcus, 
the anterior or transverse occipital sulcus, usually 
joined to the horizontal part of the interparietal 
sulcus. 

eclabium (ek-la'-be-um) [in, out; labium, a lip]. 
An eversion of the lip. 

eclampsia (ek-lamp'-se-ah) [ixXanireip, to shine or 
burst forth]. 1. A convulsive or epileptiform seizure 
occurring in women during pregnancy, labor, or the 
puerperium. 2. Any convulsive or epileptiform 
seizure, especially one in which consciousness is not 
lost, e., cerebral, a form in which the irritation is 
presumed to originate in the brain, as distinguished 
from uterine eclampsia, e., infantile, a reflex con- 
vulsion of childhood, e. nutans, an affection char- 
acterized by paroxysms, in which the head and upper 
part of the body are bowed forward several times 
in succession; the attacks are accompanied by dis- 
ordered consciousness. Syn., nodding spasm; salaam 
convulsion, e., puerperal, a convulsion occurring 
toward the close of pregnancy or during or after 
labor, believed to be caused by the irritation of the 
vasomotor centers by retained excrementitious sub- 
stances, e. tardissima, that occurring several days 
or as long as eight weeks after parturition. 

eclampsism (ek-lamp'-sizm) [eclampsia]. Bar's 
name for eclampsia without convulsions. 

eclamptic (ek-lamp'-tik) [eclampsia]. Relating to, 
or affected with, or of the nature of, eclampsia. 

eclamptism (ek-lamp'-tizm). The morbid condition 
produced by the retention of various toxic principles 
and autointoxication, all dependent upon the state 
of pregnancy; it is prone to result in convulsions, but 
may show only prodromes, such as headache, im- 
pairment of vision, etc. 

eclectic (ek-lek'-tik) [licXeyeZp, to select]. Per- 
taining to a choosing or selection. Applied by a 
certain school of physicians to themselves, to denote 
their principle or plan of selecting or choosing that 
which they consider good from all other schools. 

eclecticism {ek-lek' -tis-izm) [ixXeyeZv, to select]. 
The doctrine and practice of the eclectics. 

eclegm, eclegma, ecleigma, (ek'-lem, ek-leg'-mah, 
ek-lig'-mah) [£k, out; \etxeiv, to lick; pi., eclegmata]. 
An electuary. 

eclimia (ek-lim'-e-ah). Same as bulimia. 

eclipsis (ek-lip'-sis) [«cX«^is, a dying out]. A 
sudden failure; trance; catalepsy; a sudden and 
transient loss or impairment of consciousness. 

eclysis (ek'-lis-is) [ecXixris, a release; a loosening]. 
Any loosening, as of the bowels. Also a slight 
amount of, or merely a tendency to, syncope. It is 
present in anemia of the brain. 

ecmetropia (ek-me-tro'-pe-ah). See ametropia. 

ecmnesia (ek-ne'-ze-ah) [he, out; fivrjats, remem- 
brance]. A gap in memory; amnesia in which there 
is normal memory to a certain date and loss of 
memory for a period after it. 

ecnea {ek-ne'-ah) [he, out; vovs, mind]. Insanity. 

ecoid (e'-koid) [oIkos, house]. A blood-shadow; 
the colorless stroma or framework of red corpuscles 
of the blood that have been deprived of their hemo- 
globin; a shadow-corpuscle. 

ecology (e-kol'-o-je) [oZkos, a house, family; X670S, 
science]. In biology, the science of vegetable and 
animal economy and activity as shown by their 
modes of life, e. g., socialism, parasitism. "The 
terms biology and ecology are not interchangeable, 
because the latter only forms part of physiology." 
(Haeckel.) 

economy (e-kon'-o-me) [oIkos, house; vopos, a law]. 
A general name for the human being considered as a 
whole, e., animal, that of an animal organism. 
e., medical, the rules regulating the practice of medi- 
cine and surgery. 



ecophony (ek-of'-on-e) [echo; <puvij, sound]. An 
echo immediately following vocal sounds, heard in 
acute congestion of the lungs. 

ecostate (e-kos'-taf) [e, priv.; costa, a rib]. Without 
ribs. 

ecouvillon (a-koo-ve'-yon(g)) [Ft.]. See ecouvil- 
lonage. 

ecouvillonage (a-koo-ve-yon-ahzh') [Fr.]. The 
operation of cleansing, and carrying medicinal agents 
to, the inside of the uterus by means of a swab or 
brush. 

ecphlysis (ek'-flis-is) [in<p\vSeiv, to burst out: 
pi., ecphlyses]. Any vesicular eruption. 

ecphractic (ek-frak'-tik) [eK<£pa/mKos, clearing 
obstruction]. 1. Removing obstructions. 2. An 
ecphractic medicine. 

ecphronia (ek-fro'-ne-ah) [he, out of; $pi\v, mind]. 
Insanity. 

ecphyadectomy (ek-fi-ad-ek'-to-me) [intyas, appen- 
dage; iKTonri, excision]. Excision of the vermiform 
appendix. 

ecphyaditis (ek-fi-ad-i'-tis) [iieepvas, appendage; 
ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the vermiform 
appendix; appendicitis. This term has also been 
used to include typhlitis, perityphlitis, etc. 

ecphyas (ek'-fi-as) [hc<t>vas, an offshoot]. The 
vermiform appendix. 

ecphyma \ek-fi'-mah) [iic, out; <f>beoOai, to grow]. 
An excrescence on the skin. e. globulus, a contagious 
disease of Ireland marked by the formation, on the 
skin, of tubercles which soften and form raspberry- 
like tumors. 

ecphysesis (ek-fiz-e'-sis) [he, out; <j>v<raeZi>, to blow]. 
Rapid breathing. 

ecpyesis (ek-pi-e'-sis) [he, out; irveZv, to suppurate: 
pi., ekpyeses]. 1. Any suppuration or abscess. 2. Any 
pustular skin-disease. 

ecpyetic (ek-pi-et'-ik) [tie, out; irveZv, to suppurate]. 
Promoting suppuration. 

ecptoma (ek-to'-mah) [e/c, out; irtirreiv, to fall: pi., 
ecptomata]. Any falling of a part or organ. 

ecrasement (a-krahz-mon(g)) [F., "a crushing"]. 
The removal of a part by means of an ecraseur. 

ecraseur (a-krah-zer) [see ecrasement]. An instru- 
ment consisting of a chain or wire loop which is 
placed about a projecting part, and, by being tight- 
ened, gradually cuts through the tissues, e., gal- 
vanic, one constructed so that the wire loop can be 
heated to redness while in use, by the passage through 
it of an electric current. 

ecrodactylia (ek-ro-dak-til'-e-ah) [inpoos, escape; 
8&ktv\os, digit]. Same as ainhum. 

ecsomatic \ek-so-mat'-ik) [he, out; crapa, body]. 
Relating to ecsomatics or to material removed from 
the body, as pus, urine, etc. 

ecsomatics (ek-so-mat'-iks). That department of 
medicine included in clinical laboratory methods; 
so called because all the material dealt with is re- 
moved from the body and examined elsewhere. 

ecsomatist (ek-so'-mat-ist). An individual who is 
versed in clinical laboratory methods. 

ecstaltic (ek-stal'-tik) [he, out; areW&v, to send]. 
Sent out from a nerve-center; applied specially to 
nerve-impulses originating from the spinal cord. 

ecstasis (ek-sta'-sis). See ecstasy. 

ecstasy (eks'-ta-se) [hearacns, a trance]. A de- 
rangement of the nervous system characterized by 
an exalted visionary state, absence of volition, 
insensibility to surroundings, a radiant expression, 
and immobility in statuesque positions. 

ecstrophy (ek'-stro-fe). See exstrophy. 

ectacolia, ectacoly (ek-ta-ko'-le-ah, ek'-ta-ko-le) 
Uktukos, capable of stretching; k6\oi>, the colon]. 
Congenital dilation of a more or less extensive section 
of the colon. 

ectad {ek'-tad) [herds, external; ad, to]. On or 
toward the ectal part. 

ectal {ek'-tal) [see ectad]. At some surface or 
aspect farther from a supposed center than that 
with which a given object is compared; external; 
superficial. 

ectasia, ectasis {ek-ta'-ze-ah, ek'-ta-sis) [heracns, 
extension]. Distention; dilatation. 

ectasin (ek'-ta-sin) [see ectasia]. A substance 
isolated from tuberculin, which causes dilatation of 
the vessels. 

ectatic (ek-tat'-ik) [see ectasia]. Distended or 
dilated. 

ectental (ek-ten'-tal) [herds, outward; hvrbs, in- 
ward]. Pertaining to the line of union between the 



ECTETHMOID 



313 



ECTOTHALAMUS 



ectoderm and the entoderm, e. line, the line of 
junction of the ectoderm and entoderm. 

ectethmoid (ek-teth' -moid) [ecto-; ethmoid]. Either 
one of the lateral cellular masses of the ethmoid 
bone. 

ecthol (ek'-thoV). A proprietary remedy said to 
contain the active principles of Echinacea angustifolia 
and Thuja occidentalis ; it is antipurulent and anti- 
morbific. Dose i dr. (4 Gm.) 3 times daily. 

ecthyma (ek-thi'-mah) [hdSvua, a pustule]. An 
inflammatory skin disease attended with an eruption 
of large, flat, superficial pustules. They vary in 
size from a ten-cent to a twenty-five-cent piece, 
and are surrounded by a distinct inflammatory 
areola. The eruption appears, as a rule, on the 
legs and thighs where the hairs are thick; it occurs 
in crops, and may persist for an indefinite period. 
e. gangrenosum, e., gangrenous, a form marked by 
the appearance of brown discolorations of the skin, 
usually surrounded by a halo; the center of these 
efflorescences rapidly becomes necrotic. It is due to 
bacillus pyocyaneus. e., syphilitic. See rupia. 

ecthymlform (ek-thi' -mif-orm) [&<9vna, a pustule; 
orma, form]. Resembling ecthyma. 

ecthyreosis, ekthyrosis (ek-thi-re-o'-sis, ek-ihi-ro'- 
sis). _ See athyreosis. 

ectillotic (ek-til-ot'-ik) [4/c, out; rCWeiv, to pluck]. 
Depilatory; causing the hairs to fall; removing corns 
from the feet. 

ectiris (ek-ti'-ris) [ecto-; iris]. That part of 
Descemet's membrane that lies in front of the iris. 

ecto- (ek-to-) [herbs, without], A prefix signifying 
without, upon the outer side. 

ectobatic (efesfc-bat'-ik) [ecto-; Palveiv, to go]. 
Efferent; centrtf Tal; moving ectad or distad. 

ectoblast (ekns3-blast) [ecto-; pXaarbs, a bud]. 
The outside merseirane of a cell. 

ectocardia (ek-to-kar'-de-ah) [ecto-; KapSLa,' the 
heart]. An abnormal position of the heart, e. 
abdominalis, a malformation in which the heart is 
wholly within the abdomen or within a sac in the 
precordia. e. cephalica, e. cervicalis, a form in 
which the heart is at the base of the neck. e. extra- 
thoracica, that in which the heart is external to the 
thoracic cavity, e. intrathoracica, that in which 
the heart is inside the thorax, e. pectoralis, that 
in which the heart lies in front of the chest. 

ectocentral {ek-to-sen'-tral) [ecto-; central]. Near 
to the center and to the external surface. 

ectochoroidea (ek-to-ko-roid'-e-ah). The outer 
layer of the choroid. 

ectocinerea (ek-to-sin-e'-re-ah) [ecto-; cinereus, 
ashy]. The gray substance of the cortex of the 
brain. Cf. entocinerea. 

ectocnemial (ek-to-ne' -me-al) [ecto-; kvt)\it\, the 
leg]. Located on the external aspect of the fibula. 

ectocolostomy (ek-to-ko-los'-to-me) [ecto-; colos- 
tomy]. A surgical operation upon the colon to 
establish an external opening. 

ectocondylar, ectocondyloid (ek-to-kon'-dil-ar, 
-oid). Relating to an ectocondyle. 

ectocondyle (ek-to-kon'-dil) [ecto-; condyle]. An 
external condyle. 

ectocornea (ek-to-kor'-ne-ah) [ecto-; cornea]. The 
corneal conj unctiva. 

ectocuneiform (ek-to-ku-ne' -e-form) [ecto-; cunei- 
form]. 1. Relating to the outer cuneiform bone of 
the foot. 2. The outer cuneiform bone. 

ectoderm (ek'-to-derm) [ecto-; bkpua, skin]. The 
outer of the two primitive layers of the embryo ; the 
epiblast. 

ectodermal, ectodermic (ek-to-der'-mal, -mik) [see 
ectoderm]. Relating to the ectoderm; applied to 
structures derived from the upper epithelial layers of 
the derma, as hair, chitin, enamel, etc. 

ectoentad (ek-to-en-tad) [ecto-; ivrbs, within; ad, 
to]. From without inward. 

ectogastrocnemius (ek-to-gas-trok-ne'-me-us). The 
gastrocnemius externus muscle. See muscles, table of. 

ectogenous (ek-toj'-en-us) [ecto-; ytwav, to pro- 
duce]. Capable of growth outside of the body; 
applied especially to bacteria and other parasites. 

ectoglobular {ek-to- glob' -u-lar). Formed outside 
the blood-globules. 

ectogluteus (ek-to-glu-te'-us). The external gluteus 
muscle, or gluteus maximus. See muscles, table of. 

ectokelostomy (ek-to-kel-os'-to-me) [ecto-; k^Xj;, 
hernia; a-rbna, a mouth]. Vitrac's operation, by 
which the sac of an infected inguinal hernia is kept 
open with drainage, the whole being displaced 



through a counteropening in the abdominal wall, 
the hernia being then cured radically. 

ectolecithal (ek-to-les' -ith-al) [ecto- ; \kniBos, yolk]. In 
embryology, applied to such eggs as have the forma- 
tion-yolk enclosed in a superficial layer of food-yolk. 

ectoloph (ek'-to-lof) [ecto-; Xo<£os, ridge]. The 
external ridge of the upper molar teeth of the horse. 

ectomarginal (ek-to-mar'-jin-al). Situated on the 
external aspect and near the margin. 

ectomere (ek'-to-mer) [ecto-; nepos, a share]. 
Any one of the cells of the ovum that are destined 
to take part in forming the ectoderm. 

ectomia {ek-to' -me-ah) [«c, out; rkuveiv, to cut]. 
Excision, amputation. 

-ectomy [Ik, out; rkp.vt.iv, to cut]. A suffix mean- 
ing a cutting out. 

ectopagia (ek-to-pa'-je-ah) [ecto-; irdyos, a fixture]. 
The condition of being ectopagous; an ectopagous 
monstrosity. 

ectopagous (ek-top'-ag-us) [ecto-; irayos, a fixture]. 
Of the nature of or pertaining to an ectopagus. 

ectopagus (ek-top'-ag-us) [ecto-; irayels, united]. 
A twin monstrosity united laterally the full extent 
of the thorax. 

ectoparasitic (ek-to-par-as-it'-ik) [ectoparasite]. Of 
the nature of or pertaining to an ectoparasite. 

ectoparasite (ek-to-par'-as-lt) [ecto-; parasite], 
A parasite that lives on the exterior of its host. 

ectopectoral (ek-to-pek' -tor-al) . The outer of the 
two pectoral muscles; the pectoralis major. 

ectoperitonitis (ek-to-per-it-on-i'-tis) [ecto-; peri- 
tonitis]. Inflammation of the attached side of the 
peritoneum. 

ectophyte (ek' '-to-fit) [ecto-; <t>vrbv, a plant]. An 
external parasitic plant-growth; a vegetable parasite 
on the skin. 

ectophytic {ek-to- fit' -ik) [ecto-; <pvrbv, a plant]. 
Of the nature of or pertaining to an ectophyte. 

ectopia (ek-to' -pe-ah) [exroiros, displaced]. An 
abnormality of position, usually congenital, e. ani, 
prolapse of the anus. e. bulbi. See e. oculi. e. 
cordis. See ectocardia. e. lentis, dislocation or 
congenital malposition of the crystalline lens. e. 
oculi, abnormal position of the eyeball in the orbit, 
e. pupillae. See corectopia. e. renis, floating kidney. 
e. testis, abnormal position of the testicle, e. vesicae, 
protrusion of the bladder through the wall of the 
abdomen. 

ectopic (ek-top'-ik) [ectopia]. In an abnormal posi- 
tion, e. gestation, extrauterine gestation. 

ectoplasm (ek'-to-plazm) [ecto-; irXaxraeiv, to form]. 
The outer, hyaline, more compact layer of proto- 
plasm of a cell or unicellular organism. 

ectoplasmatic (ek-to- plaz-mat'-ik) . See ectoplastic. 

ectoplastic (ek-to-plas'-tik). Relating to ectoplasm; 
applied to cells in which the ectoplasm is undergoing 
changes. 

ectopocystic (ek-to-po-sist'-ik). Relating to ecto- 
pocystis. 

ectopocystis (ek-to-po-sist'-is) [ectopia; kvotis, the 
bladder]. Displacement of the bladder. 

ectopotomy (ek-to-pot'-o-me) [ectopia; rkpveiv, 
to cut]. Laparotomy for the removal of the contents 
of an extrauterine gestation-sac. 

ectopy (ek'-to-pe). Same as ectopia. 

ectorbital (ekt-orV -it-al) . Relating to the temporal 
part of the orbits. 

ectoretina (ek-to-ret'-in-ah) [ecto-; retina]. The 
external and pigmentary layer of the retina. 

ectorganism (ekt-or' -gan-izm) . An organism, ex- 
ternal to another. Cf . ectoparasite. 

ectosac (ek'-to-sak) [ecto-; acuacos, a sac]. The 
limiting membrane of an ovum. 

ectosarc (ek'-to-sark) [ecto-; aap£, flesh]. The 
outer layer of protozoa; same as ectoplasm, q. v. 

ectoskeletal (ek-to-skeV -et-al) . Relating to the 
exoskeleton; exoskeletal. 

ectoskeleton (ekto-skel'-et-un). Same as exo- 
skeleton. 

ectospore (ek'-to-spor). See exospore. 

ect osteal (ek-tos'-te-al) [ecto-; borkov, a bone]. 
Relating to, situated or occurring outside of, a bone. 

ectosteomyces (ekt-os-te-o-mi'-sez) [ecto-; borkov, 
a bone; tivK-qt, a fungus]. A fungous newgrowth 
from a bone. 

ectostosis (ek-tos-to'-sis) [ecto-; barkov, a bone]. 
The growth of bone from without; ossification that 
begins at the perichondrium, or future periosteum. 

ectothalamus (ek-to-thaV -am-us) [ecto-; thalamus]. 
The external medullary layer of the thalamus. 



ECTOTHRIX 



314 



EDEMATOSCHEOCELE 



ectothrix (ek'-to-thriks) [ecto-; 0pi%, hair]. An 
organism parasitic upon the hair. Cf. trichophyton. 

ectotoxemia (ek-to-toks-e'-me-ah). Toxemia due 
to an external cause. 

ectotoxin (ek-to-toks'-in). Same as exotoxin. 

ectotrochanter (ek-to-tro-kan'-ter) [ecto-; trochanter]. 
The greater trochanter. 

ectozoon (ek-to-zo'-on) [ecto-; $o>ov, an animal: pi., 
ectozoa]. An external animal parasite; an ecto- 
parasite. 

ectrodactylia, ectrodactylism (ek-tro-dak-til'-e-ah, 
ek-tro-dak' -til-izm) [«Tpw/xa, abortion; S&ktvXos, 
finger]. Congenital absence of any of the fingers 
or toes. 

ectrogenic (ek-tro-jen'-ik) [ecrpwMa, abortion; 
yewav, to produce]. Due to some loss of tissue, 
chiefly congenital. 

ectrogeny (ek-troj'-en-e) [&crpuna, abortion; ^evvav, 
to produce]. Loss or congenital absence of any part 
or organ. 

ectroma (ek-tro'-mah) [e/crpw/za, abortion: pi., ectro- 
mata]. An aborted ovum or fetus. 

ectromelus (ek-trom'-el-us) [hcrpuavs, abortion; 
neKos, a limb]. A single autositic monster charac- 
terized by the presence of imperfectly formed limbs. 

ectropia (ek-tro' -pe-ah). See exstrophy, e., in- 
testinal. See adenoma, umbilical. 

ectropic (ek-trop'-ik). Turned out or everted. 

ectropion (ek-tro'-pe-on) [£k, out; rpeireiv, to turn]. 
Eversion of a part, especially of an eyelid. 

ectropionization (ek-tro-pe-on-iz-a'-shun). Inver- 
sion of the upper eyelid and exposure of the con- 
junctiva to facilitate therapeutic manipulation. 

ectropionize (ek-tro' '-pe-on-iz) [ectropion]. To 
produce, by operation, the condition of ectropion. 

ectropium (ek-tro' -pe-um). Same as ectropion. 

ectropodism (ek-trop'-od-izm) [&crpwp.a, abortion; 
7rou5, foot]. Congenital absence of one or more toes. 

ectrosis (ek-tro' -sis). An abortion, or the pro- 
duction of an abortion. 

ectrotic (ek-trot'-ik). Tending to cut short; pre- 
venting the development of disease; abortive; aborti- 
facient. 

ectylotic (ek-til-ot'-ik) [£k, away; riiXos, callus]. 
Tending to remove warts or indurations. 

eczema (ek'-ze-mah) [en$elv, to boil over]. Tetter; 
an acute or chronic, noncontagious, inflammatory 
disease of the skin, characterized by multiformity of 
lesions, and the presence, in varying degrees, of 
itching, infiltration, and discharge. The skin is 
reddened, the redness shading off insensibly into the 
surrounding unaffected parts, e. arthriticum, a 
vesicular form occurring about gouty joints, e. 
erythematosum, the mildest form of eczema, in 
which the skin is reddened and slightly swollen. 
e. fissum, a form affecting the hands and skin over 
the articulations, and characterized by the forma- 
tion of deep, painful cracks or fissures, e. hyper- 
trophicum, a form characterized by permanent hyper- 
trophy of the papillae of the skin, giving rise to 
general or limited warty outgrowths, e., lichenoid, 
that marked by thickening of the epidermis, e. 
madidans, a form characterized by large, raw, weeping 
surfaces studded with red points. It follows e. vesi- 
culosum. Syn., eczema rubrum. e. marginatum, 
the most severe form of ringworm of the body. Its 
seats are the groin, axilla, crotch, and occasionally 
the popliteal space. Its lesion is marked by a 
well-defined, festooned, raised margin, e. papu- 
losum, a variety associated with the formation of 
minute papules of a deep-red color and firm con- 
sistence, and accompanied by intense itching. 
e. pustulosum, the stage of eczema characterized by 
the formation of pustules, e. rubrum. See e. 
madidans. e. seborrhoicum. Synonym of seborrhea. 
e. solare, that form due to irritation from the rays 
of the sun. e. squamosum, a variety characterized 
by the formation of adherent scales of shed epithe- 
lium, e. sudamen, e. sudorale, that due to excess 
of perspiration, e. sycomatosum, e. sycosiforme, 
a pustular form occurring on the hairy parts and 
affecting the hair-follicles, e. tyloticum, a form 
occurring on the palmar aspect of the hands and 
fingers and attended with callosity, e. vesiculosum, 
an eczema characterized by the presence of vesicles. 

eczematization (ek-ze-mat-i-za'-shun). A condition 
of the skin marked by persistent eczema-like lesions, 
due to continued injury from scratching. 

eczematoid (ek-zem' -at-oid) . Resembling an ec- 



eczematosis (ek-zem-at-o'-sis) [pi., eczematoses]. 
Any eczematous skin-disease. 

eczematous (ek-zem' -at-us) [eczema]. Of the nature 
of or affected with eczema. 

eczemine (ek'-zem-en). A white, crystalline 
substance, soluble in water, feebly alkaline in reac- 
tion, extracted from the urine in eczema; toxic. 

eczemogenous (ek-zem-oj'-en-us) [eczema; ytwav, 
to produce]. Giving rise to eczema. 

Eddyism (ed'-e-izm). A form of faith-cure propa- 
gated, under the name of Christian Science, by an 
American woman, Mary Patterson Baker Glover 
Eddy, known to her followers as "Mother Eddy." 

edea, sedoea (e-de'-ah) [aldola, the genitals]. The 
genital organs, particularly the external genitals. 

edeagra, asdoeagra (e-de-a'-grah) [edea; ay pa, a 
seizure]. Pain or gout in the genitalia. 

edeatrophia, aedoeatrophia (e-de-at-ro'-fe-ah) [edea; 
arpwpla, a wasting]. Atrophy or wasting of the 
genital organs. 

edeauxe, asdceauxe (e-de-awks'-e) [edea; av£r}, 
increase]. Swelling or hypertrophy of the genitals. 

Edebohls' operation (ed'-e-bolz) [George Michael 
Edebohls, American surgeon, 1853-1908]. Decap- 
sulation or decortication, of the kidney. E.'s posi- 
tion, or posture. _ See Simon's posture. 

edeitis, ssdceitis (e-de-i'-tis) [edea; ins, inflamma- 
tion]. Inflammation of the external genitals. 

edema, oedema (e-de'-mah) [oldrjua; olSelv, to 
swell]. An infiltration of serum in a part, e., acute. 
See ce. calidum. e., angioneurotic. See angioneurotic 
edema, e., blue, edema with cyanosis, seen in 
hysterical paralysis accompaniedy«with pain. 02. 
calidum, that due to a serous exuoVfeion; it is sudden 
in its onset and resembles acute inanimation, ce. 
capitis, a serous effusion into the su r Cutaneous areolar 
tissue of the scalp, oe. cardiaca (r./the kidney), the 
change in the kidneys due to passive congestion in 
consequence of heart disease, e., cerebral. See 
hydrocephalus, e., collateral, the serous infiltration 
of the tissue encircling an inflamed part, e., compact 
(of infants), a variety of scleroderma neonatorum 
in which the skin is edematous. Syn., scleroderma 
cedematosa. e., cretinoid. See myxedema, ce. ex 
vacuo, edema of a part to counteract the tendency 
to a vacuum caused by atrophy of some neighboring 
part, e., febrile purpuric, localized edema accom- 
panying an eruption of purpura urticans about the 
joints, and rheumatic fever, oe. frigidum, a chronic 
swelling, cold to the touch and painless, oe. fugax, 
edema due to atmospheric changes occurring in the 
face, eyelids, and neck of chlorotic patients, e., 
glottidial. See laryngeal edema, e., infectious. See 
e., malignant, e., inflammatory, .a serous infiltration 
into inflamed tissue, e., Iwanoff's. See under 
Iwanoff. e., laryngeal. See laryngeal edema, e., 
malignant, an edematous inflammation that occurs at 
times after serious injuries, and is characterized by 
its rapid spread, the speedy destruction of the tissue 
involved, and the formation of gas. It is due to the 
bacillus of malignant edema, e., neuroparalytic, 
e., neuropathic, that due to paralysis of the vaso- 
motor nerves or to neuroparalytic congestion. 
oe. oculi. See hydt -ophthalmia, oe. oedematodes. 
See oe. frigidum. e., paroxysmal pulmonary, a rare 
form of edema of the lungs marked by rapid onset, 
imminent asphyxia, and copious albuminous ex- 
pectoration. The attack, lasting from a few minutes 
to some days, may terminate fatally or the symptoms 
may disappear, oe. puerperarum, phlegmasia alba 
dolens. e., purulent, a purulent infiltration in which 
there is a great deal of fluid, e., retinal, the develop- 
ment of irregular spaces filled with transparent fluid 
at the periphery of the retina occurring after middle 
age. oe. scleroticum, edema attended with indura- 
tion. 

edemamycosis, oedemamycosis (e-de-mah-mi-ko'- 
sis) [edema; juuktjs, fungus]. The name applied by 
Edington to an ectogenous infective disease, com- 
monly referred to as African horse-sickness; it is 
characterized by intense congestion of the blood-ves- 
sels with consequent edema of the lungs and at times 
of the subcutaneous tissues of the head and neck. 

edemania, sedoemania (e-de-ma'-ne-ah). See nym- 
phomania. 

edematization (e-dem-at-iz-a'-shun) [edema]. Edema 
of the tissues produced by the injection of a 2 % 
salt solution at a temperature lower than that of the 
body. 

edematoscheocele (e-dem-at-os-ke'-o-sel) [edema; 



EDEMATOUS 



315 



EHRLICH'S ANEMIA 



3<rx»7, the scrotum; K17X77, a tumor]. Edematous 
oscheocele. 

edematous {e-dem'-at-us). Pertaining to or char- 
acterized by edema. 

edemerysipelas (e-dem-er-e-sip'-e-las). Edematous 
erysipelas. 

edentate (e-den'-tate) [e, priv.; dens, tooth]. With- 
out teeth. 

edentation (e-den-ta'-shun) [e, without; dens, a 
tooth]. A deprivation of teeth. 

edentulous (e-den'-tu-lus) [e, without; dens, a 
tooth]. Without teeth (applied to one who has 
lost his teeth). 

edeodynia, aedceodynia (e-de-o-din'-e-ah) [edea; 
odvvri, pain]. _ Any pain in the genital organs. 

edeogargalismus, aedceogargalismus (e-de-o-gar-gal- 
iz'-mus) [edea; yapya.\iap.6s, a tickling]. Masturba- 
tion. 

edeography, aedoeography (e-de-og'-ra-fe) [edea; 
ypafoiv, to write]. A description of the genitalia. 

edeology, aadceology (e-de-ol'-o-je) [edea; X670S, 
science]. A treatise or monograph on the organs of 
generation. 

edeomycodermatitis, aedceomycodermatitis (e-de- 
o-mi-ko-der-mat-i'-tis) [edea; hvkos, mucus; Sepp.a, 
skin; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the 
mucous membrane of any of the genital organs. 

edeomania, aedoeomania (e-de-o-ma'-ne-ah) [edea; 
pLavLa, madness]. Nymphomania; satyriasis. 

edeopsophy, aedceopsophy (e-de-op'-so-fe) [edea; 
yj/cxpeiv, to utter a noise]. The emission of sounds 
from the genital organs (as from the bladder or 
vagina). 

edeoptosis, aedceoptosis (e-de-op-to'-sis) [edea; 
-7r7wis, a fall]. Prolapse of some portion of the 
genital apparatus. 

edeoscopy, aedoeoscopy (e-de-os'-ko-pe) [edea; 
ffKowelv, to inspect]. An inspection or professional 
examination of the genital organs. 

edeotomy, asdoeotomy (e-de-ot'-o-me) [edea-; tow, 
a cutting]. The anatomy or dissection of the 
genital organs. 

edestin (ed-est'-in). The chief and characteristic 
protein of the seeds of sunflower, hemp, squash, and 
castor-oil bean. 

edible (ed'-ib-l) [edibilis, eatable]. A qualification 
applied to food, the condition of which is good and 
wholesome. 

Edinger's law (ed'-ing-er) [Ludwig Edinger, German 
anatomist, 1855- ]. A regular and gradual 
increase of function of a neuron leads at first to 
increased growth; if carried to excess, especially if 
irregular and spasmodic, it results in atrophy and 
degeneration, and ultimately in proliferation of the 
surrounding tissue. E.'s nucleus, the nucleus of the 
posterior longitudinal bundle, an aggregation of 
ganglion-cells in the gray matter of the third ventricle 
at the beginning of the Sylvian aqueduct. 

Edinger-Westphal's nucleus (ed'-ing-er-vest'-fahl) 
[Edinger; Karl Friedrich Otto Westphal, German 
neurologist, 1833-1890]. One of the nuclei of the 
third cranial nerve in the region of the anterior 
corpora quadrigemina below the Sylvian aqueduct. 

edipism (ed'-ip-izm) [CEdipus, King of Thebes, who 
put out his own eyes because he had killed his father 
unwittingly]. Selfinflicted injury to the eyes. 

Edsall's disease (ed'-sal) [David Linn Edsall, 
American physician, 1869- ]• Heat cramp. 

educt (e'-dukt) [e, out; ducere, to draw]. A com- 
pound that exists in any substance and is extracted 
from it by a chemical or pharmaceutical process; 
opposed to product. 

edulcorant (e-dul' -kor-ant) [edulcare, to sweeten]. 
Sweetening; corrective of acidity or of acrimony. 

edulcoration {e-dul-kor-a' -shun) [edulcare, to sweet- 
en]. In chemistry, the act or process of sweetening; 
the removal of soluble or saline matters by washing. 

effector (ef-ek'-tor). A name given by Sherring- 
ton to nerve endings in organs, glands or muscles, 
which are consequently called effector organs. The 
term is opposed to receptor. 

effeminacy (ef-em' '-in-as-e) . See feminism. 

effemination (ef-em-in-a'-shun) [effeminare, to 
make womanish]. The state of being effeminate. 

efferent (ef-er-ent) [efferens, carrying from.] 
Carrying away, as efferent nerves, nerves conveying 
impulses away from the central nervous system; of 
blood-vessels, conveying blood away from the tissues; 
of lymphatics, conveying lymph from the lymphatic 
glands. 



effervescent (ef-er-ves'-ent) [effervescere, to boil up]. 
Susceptible of being made to effervesce, or to dissolve 
with foaming and with the escape of a gas, such as 
carbon dioxide. 

effervescing (ef-er-ves'-ing) [effervescere, to boil up]. 
Giving off gas-bubbles; foaming, e. powder. See 
Seidlitz powder. 

effete (ef-el') [L., effetus]. Exhausted, worn out. 

effleurage (ef-lur-azh) [Ft.]. In massage, the 
stroking movement. 

efflorescence (ef-lor-es'-ens) [efflorescere, to bloom]. 
I. The spontaneous conversion of a crystalline sub- 
stance into powder by a loss of its water of crystal- 
lization. 2. The eruption of an exanthematous 



effluent (ef'-lu-ent) [efftuere, to flow out]. An 
outflow. The fluid discharged from works for the 
treatment of sewage. 

effluvium (ef-lu'-ve-um) [efftuere, to flow out; pi., 
effluvia]. Any subtle emanation from a substance or 
person, especially one that is offensively odoriferous. 

efflux (ef-fluks), or effluxion (ef-fluk'-shun) [ef- 
fluxio; effluxus, an outflow]. 1. An outflow; that 
which flows out. 2. Abortion, or the escape of the 
embryo from the uterus during a very early stage of 
pregnancy. 

effracture (ef-frak'-chur). Fracture of the cranium, 
with depression of one or more fragments. 

effumability (ef-u-ma-bil'-i-te). Capacity for vola- 
tilization. 

effuse (ef-uz') [effusion]. Spread out, said of a 
bacterial culture that is thin, and widely spreading. 

effusion (ef-u'-zhun) [eff under e, to pour out]. 
1. A pouring-out, especially the pouring-out of 
blood or serum into the cellular tissues or the serous 
cavities. 2. The effused fluid, e., pericardial, an 
effusion into the pericardium. For signs of, see 
Auenbrugger, Ewart, Rolch, Roth, Sansom, and Sibson. 
e., pleural, an effusion into the pleura. For signs of, 
see Baccelli, Kellock, Litten, de Mussey, Pitres, Sieur, 
Skoda, and Williams. 

egagropilus (e-gag-rop'-il-us) [alyaypos, a goat; 
7riXos, felt]. An intestinal concretion formed of hair. 

egertic (e-jer'-tik) [lyeipeiv, to awaken]. Causing 
wakefulness. 

egest (e-jest') [egerere, to discharge]. To void, as 
excrement; to defecate. 

egesta (e-jes'-tah) [egerere, to cast out]. The 
discharges of the bowels or other excretory organs. 

egestion (e-jes'-chun) [egestio, that which is voided]. 
Defecation; expulsion of excrements or excretion. 

egg (eg). See ovum, e.-albumin, albumin, in 
white of egg, constituting about 60 % of the egg of 
the domestic fowl. 

egiiops, aegilops (e'-jil-ops) [ai£, a goat; u^, eye]. 
Abscess, with perforation, at the inner canthus of 
the eye, supposed to be a result of lacrimal fistula. 
See anchylops. 

eglandular (e-glan'-du-lar) [e, priv.: glandula, a 
gland]. Destitute of glands. 

eglandulose (e-glan'-du-los) [e, priv.; glandula, a 
gland]. Same as eglandular. 

egmol (eg'-mol). Trade name of an emulsion of 
egg and olive oil. 

egobronchophony (e-go-brong-koff'-o-ne). A com- 
bination of egophony and bronchophony. 

egols (e-golz'). Compounds of mercury with 
parasulphonic acid and a phenol. They are red- 
brown powders, soluble and emetic. 

egomania (eg-o-ma'-ne-ah) [ego, I; fiavia, madness]. 
Abnormal self-esteem. 

egophony (e-gof'-o-ne) [al£, a wild goat; tpupfi, 
the voice]. A modification of bronchophony, in 
which the voice has a bleating character, like that 
of a kid. It is heard in pleurisy with slight effusion. 

egregorsis (eg-re-gor'-sis) [eyeipeiv, to wake]. 
Morbid wakefulness; insomnia. 

Egyptian chlorosis (e-jip'-shun). See ankylostomi- 
asis. E. ophthalmia. See trachoma. 

Ehrenritter's ganglion (air'-en-rit-er). The jugular 
ganglion. 

Ehret's paralysis (air'-et) [Heinrich Ehret, German 
physician, 1870- ]. A traumatic neurosis fol- 
lowing injury to the inner side of the foot or ankle, 
consisting in spasmodic contracture of the muscles 
which raise the inner border of the foot and functional 
paralysis of the peroneal muscles. 

Ehrlich's anemia {air'-likh) [Paul Ehrlich, German 
bacteriologist, 1854- ]. A plastic anemia. 
A rapidly progressing anemia with hyperplasia of 



EHRLICH-HATA'S "606" 



316 



ELASTOMETER 



the bone-marrow and hemorrhages into the mucous 
membranes. E.'s biochemical theory, the theory 
that a specific chemical affinity exists between specific 
living cells and specific chemical substances. E.'s 
method, the use of a saturated solution of anilin 
in water, as a mordant for better fixing the anilin 
dyes^ used in staining bacteria. E.'s method for the 
fixation of blood-films consists in boiling the speci- 
men for one minute in a test-tube containing absolute 
alcohol. E.'s reaction, the treatment of the urine 
with diazobenzosulphuric acid produces a deep-red 
color that is due to a combination of the reagent 
with an aromatic amido-compound found in the 
urine in typhoid fever and pneumonia; frequently 
also in pleurisy, measles, tuberculosis, erysipelas, 
and peritonitis. To produce this reaction, equal 
parts of the reagent and urine are mixed and about 
one-eighth of their total volume of ammonia is added. 
The reagent consists of two solutions: (1) Sulphanilic 
acid, 1 Gm.; hydrochloric acid, 10 Cc; distilled 
water, 200 Cc. (2) Sodium nitrite, 0.5 Gm. ; distilled 
water, 100 Cc. E.'s side-chain theory, a theory 
based upon the phenomena of immunity, q. v., 
and of cytolysis, and serving to explain these. In 
this connection see receptor, haptophore, haptin, 
amboceptor, uniceptor, complement, toxophore. E.'s 
solution, a solution of a basic anilin dye in anilin 
oil and water. 

Ehrlich-Hata's "606" {air'-likh-hah'-tah) [Ehrlich; 
S. Hata, Japanese physician]. Dioxydiamidoarse- 
nobenzol; salvarsan. A synthetic compound consid- 
ered a specific for syphilis. It is administered by in- 
travenous or intramuscular injection. Dose 0.3 to 
0.6 gm. 

Eichhorst's corpuscles (ik'-horst) [Hermann Lud- 
wig Eichhorst, Swiss physician, 1849- ]. Small, 
spherical blood-corpuscles found in pernicious 
anemia and formerly regarded as characteristic of 
this disease. E.'s neuritis, a form of neuritis in 
which the morbid process involves both the nerve- 
sheath and the interstitial tissue of the muscles. 
Syn., neuritis fascians. E.'s type of progressive 
muscular atrophy, the femorotibial type. 

Eichstedt's disease (ik'-sted) [Karl Ferdinand 
Eichstedt, German physician, 18 16-1892]. Pityriasis 
versicolor. 

eidoptometry (i-dop-tom'-et-re) [elSos, appearance; 
birrtiv, to see; ukrpov, measure]. The estimation of 
the acuity of vision. 

eighth nerve. The auditory nerve. 
eigon (i'-gon). A compound of iodine and albumin 
used as a substitute for iodine, a-eigon, albumin- 
iodatum, a brown powder, odorless and tasteless; 
contains 20 % of iodine; soluble in alkalies and acids; 
insoluble in water, a-eigon-sodium, sodium iodo- 
albuminatum, a white, odorless, nearly tasteless 
powder containing 15 % of iodine. /3-eigon, peptone 
iodate, a yellow powder, odorless and tasteless; 
contains is % of iodine. It is recommended as a 
substitute for iodine when there is digestive weakness. 
Dose 45-150 gr. (3-10 Gm.) daily, a- and /3-eigons 
are also used as dusting-powders. 

Eijkman's test for phenol (ik'-man). Add to the 
phenol solution a few drops of an alcoholic solution 
of nitrous acid, ethyl ether, and an equal amount of 
concentrated sulphuric acid. A red coloration is 
produced. 

eilema (i-le'-mah) [etXeiv, to twist; pi., eilemata]. 
A pain or colic of the bowels; volvulus; tormina. 

eiloid (i'-loid) [el\eiv, to coil; eldos, form]. 
Having a coiled structure, as an eiloid tumor. 

Eimeria {i-me'-re-a). A genus of protozoa; the 
same as coccidia in the asexual stage. 

Einhorn's method (in'-horn) [Max Einhorn, 
American physician, 1862- ]. 1. A method of 
ascertaining the condition of the gastric secretion. 
An apparatus termed a stomach-bucket, consisting 
of a small oval silver vessel, if cm. long and f cm. 
wide, is attached to a silk thread, in which at a 
distance of 40 cm. from the bucket a knot is made. 
The patient swallows the bucket, and when the 
knot enters the mouth the operator knows that the 
bucket is in the stomach. It is withdrawn after 
remaining there five minutes, and its contents are 
tested. Resistance to its removal may be overcome 
by having the patient expire deeply or swallow once. 
2. See gastrodiaphany. 

Einthoven's string galvanometer (int'-ho-fen) [W. 
Einthoven, Dutch physiologist]. See electrocardio- 
graph. 



eisanthema {i-san-the'-mah) [«Is, into; b.vOi)na, 
inflorescence: pi., eisanthemata]. An exanthem on a 
mucous membrane. See enanthema. 

Eiselt's reaction for melanin in urine (i'-selt). 
Concentrated nitric acid, sulphuric acid, potassium 
dichromate, or other oxidizing agents render urine 
containing melanin dark colored. 

eisenzucker (i'-zen-zuk'-er) [Germ, eisen, iron; 
zucker, sugar]. Saccharated ferric oxide; it consists 
of ferric hydroxide, sugar, and sodium hydroxide. 
eisodic (ts-od'-ik). Same as esodic. 
eisophobia (i-so-fo'-be-ah). Synonym of agora- 
phobia. 

eisophoria (i-so-fo'-re-ah). Same as esophoria. 
eispnea (is-pne'-ah) [ho-wai\, a breathing into]. 
Inspiration; the inhaling of the breath. 

Eitelberg's test ii'-tel-berg) [Abraham Eitelberg, 
Austrian physician, 1847- ]. If a large tuning- 
fork is held at intervals before the ear during" 15 
or 20 minutes, the duration of the perception of the 
vibration, during these periods, increases in case the 
ear is normal, but decreases when a lesion of the 
sound-conducting apparatus exists. 

eitnerin (it'-ner-in). A German substitute! for 
yolk of egg. 

eiweiss milch (i'-vis milk) [Ger. eiweiss, albumen 
milch, milk]. A preparation used for feeding infants 
it consists of broken up curd from which the whey 
has been removed, boiled buttermilk and malt 
sugar are then mixed with it. 

ejaculation (e-jak-u-la'-shun) [ejaculatio, a throwing 
out]. The ejection of the semen. 

ejaculatory {e-jak'-u-la-tor-e) [ejaculation]. Throw- 
ing or casting out. e. duct. See duct, ejaculatory. 

ejecta (e-jek'-tah) [L., pi. of ejectum]. Things or 
materials cast out; excretions or excrementitious 
matters. 

ejection (e-jek'-shun) [ejectio, a casting out].^ The 
casting out of excretions or of excrementitious 
matters; that which is cast out. 

ekaiodoform (ek-ah-i-o' -do-form). A combination 
of iodoform and 0.5 % of paraformaldehyde. It is 
used as a dressing for wounds. 

ekiri {ek-e'-re). A severe type of infantile diarrhea 
occurring in Japan. 

ektogan (ek'-to-gan). The commercial name for 
zinc peroxide; it is used externally. 

ekzemin (ek'-ze-min). An ointment consisting of 
precipitated sulphur with coloring-mattef and 
perfume. 

elaboration (e-lab-or-a'-shun) [elaborare, to work 

out]. In physiology, any anabolic process, such as 

that of making crude food into higher tissue-products. 

elacin (el'-a-sin). Basophile elastin. 

elseometer, elaiometer (el-e-om'-et-ur, el-a-i-om'- 

et-ur). See eleometer. 

elaeomyenchysis. See eleomyenchysis. 
elaeoptene. See eleoptene. 

elaidin (e-la'-id-in) [IXcus, the olive-tree], C57H104O6. 
A white, crystalline, fatty substance, isomeric with 
olein, produced by the action of HNO3 upon certain 
oils, especially castor-oil. 

elain (e-la'-in). See eleoptene. 
elarson (el-ar'-son). Trade name for the strontium 
salt of chlorarsenobehenolic acid; it contains about 
13 per cent, of elementary arsenic and about 6;, per 
cent, of chlorine. It has been used in anemias, neu- 
ralgias, chorea, and various skin diseases. 

elastic {e-las'-tik) [iXavvew, to urge forward]. 
Returning to the original form after being stretched 
or compressed, e. bandage, a rubber bandage 
exerting continuous compression of a. part. e. 
lamina, Descemet's membrane, e. stocking, a rubber 
stocking exerting continuous pressure, e. tissue, 
a variety of connective tissue composed^of yellow 
elastic fibers. 

elastica (e-las'-tik-ah). The official name for rub- 
ber. See caoutchouc. 

elasticin (el-as'-tis-in). See elastin. 
elasticity (e-las-tis'-it-e). The property exhibited 
by some substances of returning to their original 
shape after the removal of a deforming force. 

elastin (e-las'-tin) [see elastic]. An albuminoid 
substance forming the basis of elastic tissue. ■& i 
elastinase (e-las' -tin-as). A ferment that dis- 
solves elastin. 

elastoid degeneration (e-las'-toid). Hyaline de- 
generation of the elastic fibers in the wall of an 
artery; it occurs during involution of the uterus, 
elastometer (e-las-tom'-et-er) [elastic; ukrpov, a 



ELASTOSE 



317 



ELECTROKINETIC 



measure]. An apparatus for determining the elas- 
ticity of tissues. 

elastose (e-las'-tos). One of the forms of peptone 
resulting from the gastric digestion of elastin. 

elater (el'-at-er) [iXarrip, a driver, hurlerj. In 
biology, (a) one of the thread-like, usually spirally- 
coiled, bodies found in the sporangia of mosses, liver- 
worts, and equisetum. They serve for the dispersion 
of spores. (b) One of the free filaments of the 
capillitium of the slime-moulds, (c) One of the anal 
bristles of the insect called spring-tail. 

elaterin, elaterinum (el-at'-er-in, el-at-er-i'-num) 
[elaterium], C20H28O5. A neutral principle obtained 
from Ecballium elaterium. It is a powerful hydra- 
gogue cathartic. Dose -£$ gr. (0.0032 Gm.). e., 
powder of, compound, contains elaterin, 1; sugar of 
milk, 39 parts. Dose £-5 gr. (0.032-0.32 Gm.). 
e., trituration of (trituratio elaterini, U. S. P.), elaterin, 
10; sugar of milk, 90 parts; thoroughly mixed. Dose 
£-f gr. (0.032-0.04 Gm.). 

elaterium (el-at-e'-re-um) [iXarriptos, driving 
away]. The dried sediment from the juice of the 
squirting cucumber, Ecballium elaterium. It is a 
powerful hydragogue cathartic. Dose | gr. (0.008 
Gm.). 

elaterometer (e-lat-er-om'-et-er) [IXarrip, a driver; 
likrpov, a measure]. An apparatus for determining 
the elasticity of gases. 

elayl (el'-al) . See ethylene. 

elbow (el' -bo). The region corresponding to the 
junction of the arm and forearm; the bend of the 
arm. e.-bone, the ulna, e.-jerk, a reflex flexion 
of the elbow on striking the biceps tendon. 

elcoplasty (el'-ko-plas-te). See helcoplasty. 

elcosis (eUko'-sis). See helcosis. 

elder (el'-der). See Sambucus. 

elecampane (el-e-kam' -pan) . See inula. 

electrargol (e-lek-trar'-gol). Trade name of a 
sterile solution of electric colloidal silver. 

electric, electrical (e-lek' -trik, e-lek' -trik-al) [elec- 
tricity]. Having the nature of or produced by elec- 
tricity, e. chorea. See Dubini's disease, e. dis- 
charger, an instrument for liberating stored elec- 
tricity, e.-light treatment, the therapeutic applica- 
tion of electric light by means of cabinets in which 
the patient sits with the light directed upon the 
affected part. It is used in rheumatism, neuralgia, 
etc. 

electrician (e-lek-trish'-an). 1. One skilled in 
electric science or a manipulator of electric apparatus. 
2. One who employs electricity in the treatment of 
disease. 

electricity (e-lek-tris'-it-e) [rjX&iTpov, amber]. One 
of the forces of nature developed or generated by 
chemism, magnetism, or friction, e., animal, free 
electricity in the body, e., chemical. See e., galvanic. 
e., faradic, that produced by induction, e., frank- 
linic, frictional or static electricity, e., frictional, 
that produced by friction, e., galvanic, that which 
is generated by chemical action in a galvanic cell. 
e. induced, or inductive, that produced in a body by 
proximity to an electrified body, e., magnetic, 
that developed by bringing a conductor near the poles 
of a magnet, .e., static, frictional electricity, e., 
voltaic, galvanic or chemical electricity. 

electrification (e-lek-trif-ik-a'-shun). See electriza- 
tion. 

electrify (e-lek' -tr if -i) [electric; facer e, to make]. 
To make electric. 

electrization (e-lek-triz-a'-shun) [electricity]. The 
application of electricity to the body, e., intra- 
gastric, electrotherapy practised by the introduction 
of an electrode into the stomach. Cf. electrode, 
deglutable. 

electro- (e-lek-tro-) [electricity]. A prefix denoting 
connection with or relation to electricity. 

electroanesthesia (e-lek-tro-an-es-the'-ze-ah) [elec- 
tro-; ivaurdtiaLa, want of feeling]. 1. Inability to 
perceive the sensation made by electricity upon the 
skin. 2. Local anesthesia induced by the introduc- 
tion of anesthetizing substances into the tissues by 
means of the electric current without injury to the 
skin. It is called the cataphoretic method. 

electrobiology (e-lek-tro-bi-ol'-o-je) [electro-; bi- 
ology]. 1. The science of the electrical relations and 
laws of organic beings. 2. A modern term for 
mesmerism or hypnotism. 

electrobioscopy (e-lek-tro-bi-os'-ko-pe) [electro-; /3u>s, 
life: o-Koirelv, to view]. The test of the existence of 
life by means of electricity. 



electrocapillarity (e-lek-tro-kap-il-ar'-it-e). See ac- 
tion, electrocapillary. 

electrocardiogram (e-lek-tro-kar'-de-o-gram) [elec- 
tro-; Kapdia, heart; ypap.p.a, a writing]. A registra- 
tion of electromotive variations in heart-action. 

electrocardiograph (e-lek-tro-kar'-de-o-graf) [elec- 
tro-; Kapdia, heart; ypcupeiv, to write]. An instru- 
ment for recording the electromotive variations in 
the action of the heart muscle. 

electrocatalysis (e-lek-tro-kat-al'-is-is) [electro-; 
catalysis]. Catalysis or chemical decomposition 
produced by the action of electricity. 

electrocautery (e-lek-tro-kaw'-ter-e). See galvano- 
cautery. 

electrochemical (e-lek-tro-kem'-i-kaV). Pertaining 
to electrochemistry. 

electrochemism (e-lek-lro-kem'-izm). The theory 
that all chemical action is caused by electricity. 

electrochemistry (e-lek-tro-kem'-is-tre) [electro- ; 
xvpela, chemistry]. The science treating of the 
chemical changes produced by electricity. 

electrocoagulation (e-lek-tro-ko-ag-u-la'-shun). The 
destruction or hardening of tumors or tissues by co- 
agulation induced by the passage of high-frequency 
currents. 

electroconductivity (e-lek-tro-kon-duk-tiv'-it-e). Ca- 
pability for transmitting electricity. 

electrocution (e-lek-tro-ku'-shun) [electro-; execu- 
tion]. Judicial execution by electricity. 

electrocystoscope (e-lek-tro-sis'-to-skop). A cysto- 
scope with electric illumination. 

electrocystoscopy (e-lek-tro-sis-tos'-ko-pe). Cysto- 
scopy with electric illumination. 

electrode (e-lek' -trod) [electro-; 656s, a way]. 
The pieces of metal or other substance fastened to 
the conducting cords of a battery through which 
electricity is applied to the body, e., Alleman's, a 
device for the application of electricity to cause 
absorption of corneal opacities, e., colon (Penning- 
ton's), an appliance for hydroelectric applications 
to the colon. It is a perforated hollow carbon 
electrode connected with the conducting cord by 
means of a spiral wire passing through and sur- 
rounded by a soft colon tube, through which the colon 
may be flushed, with warm water or saline solution. 
e., deglutable, an electrode suitable to be passed into 
the stomach for intragastric electrization, e., dis- 
persing. See e., indifferent, e., exciting, in electro- 
therapy, the small electrode used in nerve- and mus- 
cle-stimulation, immediately over or near the nerve 
to be examined. Syn., localizing electrode. Cf. e., 
indifferent, e., exciting, Erb's, a bundle of 400 metal 
threads separated from one another by insulation 
and tightly incased in a hard-rubber tube; employed 
in electrotherapy, e., indifferent, the large electrode 
used in nerve and muscle stimulation at a distance 
from the nerve to be examined. Syn., dispersing 
electrode. Cf. e., exciting, e., localizing. See e., 
exciting. 

electrodiagnosis (e-lek-tro-di-ag-no'-sis) [electro- ; 
diagnosis]. Diagnosis by examining the reaction 
of the excitable tissues of the body by means of 
electric currents. 

electrodiaphane (e-lek-tro-di' -af-dn) [electro-; Sia- 
4>aiv€iv, to show through]. An apparatus for illumi- 
nation of the stomach. Cf . diaphanoscope. 

electrodiaphany (e-lek-tro-di-af'-an-e). See dia- 
phanoscopy and transillumination. 

electrodynamics, electrodynamism (e-lek-tro-di- 
nam'-iks, -din'-am-izm) [electro-; dynamic]. The 
science of the reciprocal action of electric currents. 
"'electrodynamometer (e-lek-tro-di-nam-om'-et-er) 
[electro- ; dynamometer]. An instrument for measuring 
the strength of electric currents. 

electroendoscopy (e-lek-tro-end-os'-ko-pe). See dia- 
phanoscopy and transillumination. 

electrogenesis (e-lek-tro-jen'-es-is) [electro-; ykvean, 
production]. Production by electricity. Results 
following the application of electricity. 

electrogram (e-lek' -tro-gr am) [electro-; yp&nna, a 
writing]. A skiagram. 

electrograph (e-lek' -tro-gr af). See skiagraph. 

electrography (e-lek-trog'-raf-e). 1. Skiagraphy. 
2. Electrology. 

electrohemostasis (e-lek-tro-hem-os' -ta-sis) [electro- ; 
hemostasis]. Arrest of hemorrhage in a tissue or 
vessel by grasping it with a forceps, in the jaws of 
which heat is generated by an electric current, causing 
desiccation of the tissue and union of the arteries. 
electrokinetic (e-lek-tro-kin-et'-ik). Electromotive 



ELECTROKINETICS 



318 



ELEMENT 



electrokinetics (e-lek-tro-kin-et'-iks) {electro- ; ictveXv, 
to move], i. The science of galvanism. 2. The 
science of electricity as applied to mechanic motion. 

electrolepsy (e-lek' -tro-lep-se) [electro-; epilepsy]. 
Electric chorea. 

electrolithotrity (e-lek-tro-lith-ot'-rit-e) . Disinte- 
gration of a vesical calculus by means of electricity. 

electrolizer (e-lek' -tro-li-zer). An instrument for 
removing strictures by electricity. 

electrology(e- lek-trol'-o-je) [electro-; X6>os, science]. 
That branch of physics treating of the laws and 
phenomena of electricity. 

electrolysis (e-lek-trol'-is-is) [electro-; Xforts, solu- 
tion]. The dissolution of a chemical compound by 
an electric current, e., cupric, electrolysis in which a 
bulb of chemically pure copper is applied directly 
to the diseased area; the copper oxychloride generated 
acts as a germicide. 

electrolyte (e-lek' '-tro-llt) [see electrolysis). A sub- 
stance capable of conducting an electric current 
and being decomposed by it. 

electrolytic (e-lek-tro-lit'-ik) [see electrolysis]. Re- 
lating to electrolysis. 

electrolyzer (e-lek'-tro-li-zer). See electrolizer. 

electromagnet (e-lek-tro-mag'-net) [electro-; magnet]. 
A mass of soft iron surrounded by a coil of wire. 
A current passing through the wire will make the 
iron core magnetic. 

electromagnetics (e-lek-tro-mag-net'-iks). 1. The 
production of magnetic action by means of electricity. 
2. The science of the relation of electricity to mag- 
netism. 

electromassage (e-lek-tro-mas-azh') [electro-; mas- 
sage]. The transmission of a current of electricity 
through a kneading instrument. Electric treatment 
combined with massage. 

electromedication (e-lek-tro-med-ik-a'-shun). The 
introduction of medicaments into the system by 
electric means. 

electrometer (e-lek-trom'-et-er) [electro-; ukrpov, a 
measure]. An instrument for measuring electric 
force. 

electrometry (e-lek-trom'-et-re) [see electrometer]. 
The measurement of electricity. 

electromotive (e-lek-tro-mo'-tiv). 1. Pertaining to 
or producing electric action. 2. Producing electricity. 
e. force, the force that produces an electric current. 
Abbreviated E. M. F. 

electromuscular sensibility (e-lek-tro-mus'-ku-lar) . 
Sensibility of muscles to stimulation by electricity. 

electron (e-lek' -Iron) [ijXeKTpov, amber]. 1. Amber. 
2. A term used to represent a separate unit of 
electricity. According to J. J. Thompson, the mass 
of an electron is about one seventh-hundredth part 
of that of the hydrogen atom. 3. The ultimate 
particle of negative electricity. Cf. ion and co- 
electron. 

electronecrosis (e-lek-tro-ne-kro'-sis). See electro- 
cution. 

electronegative (e-lek-tro-neg'-a-tiv) [electro- ; negare, 
to deny]. Pertaining to or charged with negative 
electricity. 

electroneurotone (e-lek-tro-nil'-ro-ton) [electro-; 
yevpov, a nerve; tovos, tone]. An apparatus for 
applying massage by electricity. 

electrooptics (e-lek-tro-op'-tiks). The department 
of physics which deals with the optical phenomena of 
electric light. 

electropathology (e-lek-tro-path-ol'-o-je) [electro-; 
pathology]. The study of morbid conditions by the 
aid of electric irritation. 

electrophobia (e-lek-tro-fo' -be-ah) [electro-; <p6(}os, 
fear]. A morbid fear of electricity. 

electrophobist (e-lek-tro-fo' -bist). A person having 
a morbid fear of electricity. 

electrophone (e-lek' -tro-f on) [electro-; <t>o>vq, sound]. 
An apparatus used in treating deafness, by means of 
sonorous vibrations. 

electrophorus (e-lek-trof-or-us) [electro-; <pkpeu>, to 
carry]. An instrument used to generate small 
quantities of static electricity. 

electrophotography (e-lek-tro-fo-tog'-raf-e). Same 
as skiagraphy. 

electrophototherapy (e-lek-tro-fo-to-ther'-ap-e) [elec- 
tro-; phototherapy]. Therapeutic treatment by means 
of electric light. 

electrophysiology (e-lek-tro-fis-e-ol'-o-je) [electro-; 
physiology]. The study of electric reactions, proper- 
ties, and relations of organs and organic tissues. 

electropositive (e-lek-tro-pos'-it-iv) [electro-; ponere, 



to place]. Pertaining to or charged with positive 
electricity. 

electroprognosis (e-lek-tro-prog-no'-sis). The use 
of electricity in prognosis. 

electropuncture (e-lek-tro-pung'-chur) [electro-; pun- 
gere, to prick]. The use of needles as electrodes, 
which are thrust into an organ or a tumor or an 
aneurysm. 

electro scission (e-lek-tro-sish'-un) [electro-; scindere, 
to cleave]. Division of tissues by an electro-cautery 
knife. 

electroscope (e-lek' -tro-skop) [electro-; o-Kowelv, to 
view]. An instrument for detecting the presence of 
static electricity and determining whether it is 
positive or negative. 

electrosensibility (e-lek-tro-sen-si-bil'-it-e). The 
irritability of a sensory nerve to electricity. 

electroskiagraphy (e-lek-tro-ski-ag'-raf-e). Syno- 
nym of skiagraphy. 

electrostatics (e-lek-tro-stat'-iks). The science of 
static electricity, or that developed by friction. 

electrostixis (e-lek-tro-stiks'-is) [electro-; otitis, 
puncture]. Electropuncture, q. v. 

electrosurgery (e-lek-tro-sur'-jer-e). The use of 
electricity in surgery. 

electrosynthesis (e-lek-tro-sin' -thesis) [electro- ; syn- 
thesis]. Chemical combination by means of elec- 
tricity. 

electrotaxis (e-lek-tro-tak'-sis) [electro-; to£<.s, 
arrangement]. The reaction (attraction or repulsion) 
of organisms or cells to electric currents. 

electrothanasia (e-lek-tro-than-a'-ze-ah) [electro- ,* 
6a.va.Tos, death]. < Death due to electricity. 

electrothanasize (e-lek-tro-than'-as-tz) [electro- ; 
Qa.va.7U1v, to kill]. To produce death by electricity, 
but not as capital punishment. 

electrothanatosis (e-lek-tro-than-at-o'-sis) [electro- ; 
davarwais, a putting to death]. Death by electricity. 

electrotherapeutics (e-lek-tro-ther-ap-u'-tiks) [elec- 
tro-; Sepaireia, treatment]. The science and art 
of the application of electricity for therapeutic 
purposes. 

electrotherapy (e-lek-tro-ther'-ap-e). See electro- 
therapeutics. 

electrotherm (e-lek' -tro-therm) [electro-; 6epp.r}, 
heat]. An apparatus for producing heat to relieve 
pain by the application of electricity to the skin. 

electrothermal (e-lek-tro-therm'-al). Pertaining to 
heat and electricity or to heat generated by elec- 
tricity. 

electrotome (e-lek' -tro-tom) [electro-; Tepveiv, to cut]. 
The circuit-breaker of an electric battery; especially 
one that acts automatically. 

electrotonic (e-lek-tro-ton'-ik) [electro-; tovos, ten- 
sion]. Relating to or of the nature of electro tonus. 
e. effect, an altered condition of excitability of a nerve 
produced when in the electrotonic state. 

electrotonus (e-lek-trot'-on-us) [electro-; tovos, 
tension]. The change of condition in a nerve during 
the passage of a current of electricity. See anelectro- 
tonus and catelectrotonus. 

electrotrephine (e-lek-lro-tre'-fin). A trephine 
operated by electricity. 

electrotropism (e-lek-trot'-ro-pizm) [electro-; Tpoirfi, 
a turning]. Same as electrotaxis. 

electrovagogram (e-lek-tro-va' -go-gram) [electro-; 
vagus; ypap.p.a, a writing]. A record of the electrical 
changes occurring in the vagus nerve, taken with a 
string galvanometer. 

electrovection (e-lek-tro-vek'-shun) [electro-; vehere, 
to carry]. Electric endosmosis; the introduction of 
medicaments into the system by means of the electric 
current; cataphoresis. 

electrozone (e-lek' -tro-zon). The proprietary name 
for a disinfectant fluid produced by the electrolysis 
of sea-water. 

electuary (e-lek' -tu-ar-e) [e\eiKTov, a medicine 
that melts in the mouth]. A soft or v pasty mass, 
consisting of a medicinal substance, with sugar, 
honey, water, etc. 

eleidin (e-le'-id-in) [i\ala, olive-oil]. A material; 
occurring in the form of granules in the stratum 
granulosum of the epidermis. 

element (el'-e-ment) [elementum, a first principle]. 
Any one of the ultimate parts of which anything is 
composed, as the cellular elements of a tissue. In 
chemistry, a body that cannot be decomposed into' 
simpler substances. The recognized elements now 
number about 80. See elements, table of chemical, on. 
P- 319. 



ELEMENTS 



319 



ELEMENTS 



TABLE OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS. 

Based on one in Funk and Wagnall's Standard Dictionary [copyright]. — (Published by permission.) 
two columns have been revised to 1916 from Jour, of Amer. Chem. Soc. 



The first 



Name. 



Sym 
bol. 



Atomic 
Weight. 



Specific 
Gravity* 



Fusing-point or 

Melting-point. 

Degrees C. and F. 



Valence. 



Where and How Found. 



Aluminium 

Antimony (stibium) 



Argentum. 
Silver. 

Argon 

Arsenic . . . 



See 



Aurum. 

Barium 

Beryllium. 

Glucinum 
Bismuth . . . 



See Gold. 
See 



Boron .... 
Bromine . . 
Cadmium . 
Calcium . . 
Carbon . . . 
Cerium . . . 
Cesium . . . 
Chlorine . . 



Chromium . . 

Cobalt 

Columbium 
(niobium) 



Copper (cuprum) . 

Coronium (hypo- 
thetical). 

Didymium. See 
Praseodymium. 

Dysprosium 

Erbium 



Europium 

Ferrum. See Iron. 
Fluorine 



Gadolinium . 



Gallium 
Germanium . 



Glucinum (beryl- 
lium) 



Gold (aurum) 
Helium 



Hydrargyrum. See 
Mercury. 

Hydrogen 

Indium 

Iodine 



Iridium 

Iron (ferrum) . 

Kalium. See 

Potassium. 

Krypton. . . . 

Lanthanum . . 



Lead (plumbum) . 
Lithium 



Di 
Dy 

Er 

Eu 
F 

Gd 

Ga 
Ge 

Gl 
Au 
He 



27.1 
120.2 



39-88 
74-96 



137.37 

208.0 
11. o 
79.92 

112.40 
40.07 

12.005 

140.2s 
132.81 
35.46 

S2.0 

58.97 

93.5 

63.57 



162.5 
167.7 

152.0 

19.0 

157.3 

69.9 
72.5 

9.1 

197-2 
3-99 



1.008 
II4.8 
120.92 

I93.I 

55-84 



82.92 
139-0 

207.20 
6.94 



2.58 
6.7 



i.St 
5.71 



3-75 

9.8 

2.6 

3.19 

8.65 

1.6-1.8 

3-52$ 

6.7 

1.88 

i-33t 

7-3 
8.96 

Above 7 

8.9 



5-95 

5-47 



1.85 
19.3 



627 C. (1160 F.). 
432 C. (808 F.). 



-I28.6°C.(23I.4°F.), 
Ab't500°C. (932 F.). 



Above redness. 

268 C. (517° F.J. 

Very high. 

-7.2 C. (-20 F.). 

231 C. (609 F.). 

Bright redness. 

Infusible. 

Below silver. 

26.5 C. (8o° F.). 

-75.6° C. (-io 3 °F.) 

Above platinum. 
1500 C. (2732 F.). 



Ill 
V 



1054 C. (1931 F.). 



V 
II 

V 

III 
I or VII 

II 

II 

IV 
III or IV 

I 

I or VII 

II or VI 
II or VIII 

lor II 



In many rocks. (The 
most abundant metal.) 

Chiefly as sulphide, and in 
various metallic ores. 



Free in the atmosphere. 
Native, as sulphide, and in 
various metallic ores. 

In barite and witherite. 



Native, as sulphide, and in 

rare minerals. 
In borax and various 

minerals. 
Mainly in sea-water and 

other natural brines. 
In small amount in zinc 

ores. 
In limestone, and abun- 
dantly in other rocks. 
In coal, limestone, and all 

organic matter. 
In cerite and other rare 

minerals. 
In lepidolite, pollucite, and 

mineral springs. 
In common salt (NaCl) 

and other chlorides. 
Mainly in chrome-iron ore. 
In many metallic ores. 

In columbite and other 

rare minerals. 
Native, and in many ores. 



Ill 



In rare minerals, as gado- 
linite, etc. 



30.1 C. (86° F.). 
900 C. (1652 F.). 



Above redness. 
1045 C. (1913 F.). 



I or VII 
III 



III 
IV 



II 
or III 



0.025f 

7-4 
4-95 

22.4 



6.1 
11.36 
0.58 = 



-200°C.t(-328°F.) 
176° C. (348 F.). 
114 C. (238 F.). 

1950° C. (3542 F.). 
1600 C. (2912 F.). 



326 C. (850° F.). 
180 C. (356 F.). 



Ill 

I or VII 



II or IV 
II or IV 



III 
II or IV 

I 



In fluorite (CaF 2 ) and 

other minerals. 
In rare minerals, as gado- 

linite, etc. 
In certain zinc-blendes. 
In argyrodite, a rare 

mineral. 

In beryl and several rare 
minerals. 

Generally free, rarely com- 
bined, in various ores. 

In cleveite and several 
other rare minerals. 



Mainly in water (H2O). 

In certain zinc ores. 

Mainly in ashes of sea- 
weeds. 

In iridosmin. 

As oxide and sulphide, and 
in nearly all rocks. 



In cerite and other rare 

minerals. 
In galena (PbS) and other 

ores. 
In lepidolite, spodumene, 

and some rare minerals. 



ELEMENTS 



320 



ELEMENTS 



TABLE OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS.— (Continued.) 



Name. 



Lutecium , 

Magnesium 

Manganese 

Mercury (hydrar- 
gyrum 

Molybdenum 

Natrium. See 

Sodium. 
Neodymium 

Neon 

Nickel 

Niobium. See 
Columbium. 

Niton 

Nitrogen 

Osmium 

Oxygen 

Palladium 

Phosphorus 

Platinum 

Plumbum. See 

Lead. 
Potassium (kalium) 

Praseodymium 
(didymium) 

Radium 

Rhodium 

Rubidium 

Ruthenium 

Samarium 

Scandium 

Selenium 

Silicon 

Silver (argentum) . . 
Sodium (natrium) . 

Stannum. See Tin. 
Stibium. See 

Antimony. 
Strontium 

Sulphur 

Tantalum 

Tellurium 

Terbium 

Thallium 

Thorium 

Thulium 

Tin (stannum) 

Titanium 



Sym 
bol. 



Lu 

Mg 

Mn 

Hg 
Mo 

Nd 

Ne 
Ni 

Nb 

Nt 
N 

Os 

O 

Pd 
P 

Pt 



Sr 
S 

Ta 

Te 

Tb 

Tl 

Th 

Tm 

Sn 

Ti 



Atomic 
Weight. 



175-0 
24.32 

54-93 

200.6 
96.0 

144-3 

20.2 

58.68 

222.4 
14.OI 

190.9 
16.00 

106.7 
31.04 
195.2 

39-10 

140.6 

226.0 
102.9 

85.45 

101.7 

150.4 

44.1 

79.2 

28.3 

107.88 
23.00 



87.63 
32.06 

181. 5 

127.5 
159.2 

204.0 

232.4 

168.5 

118. 7 

48.1 



Specific 
Gravity* 



1-75 

7.2 

13.596 
8.6 

About 6.5 



8.9 



O.38H 
22.48 
i.n§ 

12. 1 

1.84 
21.5 

0.86 
About 6.5 



12. 1 

1.52 
12.26 



4-5 
2.48 



10.5 
0.97 



2.5 
2.07 

Above 10 
6.23 



11. 19 
11.23 



Fusing-point or 

Melting-point. 

Degrees C. and F. 



Ab't430°C. (8o6°F.). 
Above iron. 

-38.8°C. (-38°F.). 
Very high. 



1450° C. (2642 F.). 



Nearly infusible. 



1500 C. (2732 F.). 
44-2° C. (112 F.) 
1775° C. (3225° F 

62.5 C. (144-5° F.). 



2000 C. (3632 F.). 
38.5 C. (101.5 F.). 
Nearly infusible. 



217° C. (425° F.)*. 

Above 800 C. (isoo c 
F.). 

954° C. (1750° F.). 
95-6° C. (204° F.). 



Red heat. 

114.5 C. (235° F.). 



455° C. (851° F.). 



239-9° C. (561 F.). 
Almost infusible. 



233° C. (551° F.). 
Not fusibla. 



Valence. 



II 
II or VII 

lor II 

II or VI 

III or IV 



II or VIII 



V 

II or VII 
II or VI 

II or IV 

V 
II or IV 



III or IV 

II 
II or VIII 

I 

II or VII 

III 

III 
II or VI 

IV 



II 
II or VI 



II or VI 
III 

I or III 

IV 
III 

II or IV 
V 



Where and How Found. 



In sea-water, magnesite, 

and many rocks. 
In pyrolusite and many 

other minerals. 

Native and in cinnabar 

(HgS). 
Mainly as molybdenite 

(MoS 2 ). 



In cerite and other rare 
minerals. 



In many metallic ores. 



Radium emanation. 

In the atmosphere and 

organic matter. 
In iridosmin and native 

platinum. 
Free in air. (Forms one- 
half the earth's crust, 

combined.) 
Native and with platinum 

and gold. 
In bones and in apatite 

and many minerals. 
Mainly as native platinum 

in river-gravels. 



In wood-ashes and many 
rocks. 

In cerite and other rare 
minerals. 

In pitch-blende. 

With platinum and iridos- 
min. 

In lepidolite and some 
mineral springs. 

With platinum and iridos- 
min. 

In samarskite, cerite, and 
other rare minerals. 

In gadolinite and other 
rare minerals. 

Mainly in sulphur as an 
impurity. 

In quartz (Si02). (Most 
abundant element after 
oxygen.) 

Native and in many ores. 

In common salt (NaCl) 
and many rocks. 



In celestite and stronti- 
anite. 

Native and in many 
natural sulphides and 
sulphates. 

In tantalite and other rare 
minerals. 

In several rare minerals. 

In rare minerals, as gado- 
linite, etc. 

In pyrites and in fluedust 
of sulphuric-acid works.' 

In thorite and other rare 
minerals. 

In rare minerals, as gado- 
linite, etc. 

Mainly in cassiterite (Sn- 
O2). 

Widely diffused in rocks 
and clays, in small 
amounts. 



ELEMENTS 



321 



ELODES 



TABLE OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS.— (Concluded.) 



Name. 



Tungsten 

(wolframium) 



Uranium . . 
Vanadium . 



See 



Wolf rami um 

Tungsten. 

Xenon 

Ytterbium 

(neoytterbium) 



Yttrium Yt 



Zinc (zincum) Zn 

Zirconium .... 



Sym- 
bol. 


Atomic 
Weight. 


W 


184.O 


u 


238.2 


V 


51.0 


Xe 


130.2 


Yb 


173-5 


Yt 


88.7 


Zn 


65-37 


Zr 


90.6 



Specific 
Gravity* 



19.26 
18.69 

5.87 



7.12 
4-15 



Fusing-point or 

Melting-point. 

Degrees C. and F. 



Very high. 
Very high. 
In oxyhydric flame. 



433 C. (811.5 F.). 
Above sulphur. 



Valence. 



IV or VI 

II or VI 

V 



III 
III 
II 
IV 



Where and How Found. 



Mainly in wolframite (Mn- 

FeW0 4 ). 
In pitch-blende and other 

rare minerals. 
In vanadinite and other 

rare minerals. 



In rare minerals, as gado- 

linite, etc. 
In gadolinite and other 

rare minerals. 
In ores, as oxide, silicate, 

sulphide, and carbonate. 
In zircon and other rare 

minerals. 



* The factors in the columns of specific gravities and melting-points naturally vary with the form which 
the element takes (e. g., in carbon the specific gravity varies as diamond, charcoal, or lampblack is taken), 
but so far as possible the factor of the most typical form is given. 

t Of the liquid element. J Diamond. 1 1 Of the liquid at o° C. § Of the liquid at -181 C. 



elementary (el-e-men'-ta-re) [element]. Pertaining 
to or having the character of an element. 

elemi (el'-em-e) [Ax.]. A resinous exudation 
probably derived from the Canarium commune, al- 
though its botanic source is still undetermined. It 
contains a crystalline resin, elemin or amyrin. Its 
action is similar to that of the turpentines, e., 
unguentum (B. P.), elemi and simple ointment; it is 
used as an application to indolent sores and 
boils. 

eleometer (el-e-om' -et-ur) [eKcuov, oil; iierpov, a 
measure]. An apparatus for ascertaining the 
specific gravity of oil. 

eleomyenchysis (el-e-o-mi-en'-kis-is) [ekaiov, oil; 
mOs, muscle; eyxeiv, to pour in]. 1. The intra- 
muscular injection and congelation of oils in treat- 
ment of chronic local spasm. 2. Surgical prosthesis 
by injection of paraffin. 

eleoptene (el-e-op' -ten) [eKcuov, oil; ttttivos, vola- 
tile]. The permanent liquid principle of volatile 
oils. See stearoptene. 

oleosaccharum (e-le-o-sak'-ar-um) [L.: pi., eleosac- 
chara]. An oil-sugar; a preparation made by satur- 
ating thirty grains of sugar with one drop of volatile 
oil. 

elephantiac, elephantiasic (el-e-fant'-i-ak, el-e-fant- 
i-a'-sik). Relating to or affected with elephantiasis; 
elephantic. 

elephantiasis (el-ef-an-ti'-as-is) [l\e<pa.s, an ele- 
phant]. A chronic affection of the cutaneous and 
subcutaneous tissues, due to obstruction of lymph- 
vessels, and characterized by enormous thickening 
of the affected parts. The disease occurs in suc- 
cessive attacks accompanied by fever and by swelling 
of the affected parts, usually the lower extremities 
and genital organs; it is endemic in certain tropical 
countries, and seems to be connected, in many cases, 
with the presence in the blood of Filaria sanguinis- 
hominis. e. anaesthetica, anesthetic leprosy, e. 
Arabum. See elephantiasis, e. asturiensis, pellagra. 
e. congenita cystica, a state of malformation marked 
by skeletal defects, general anasarca, and formation 
of cysts in the subcutaneous tissue, e. dura, e. 
scirrhosa, a variety of elephantiasis marked by den- 
sity and sclerosis of the subcutaneous connective 
tissues, e. Graecorum. See leprosy, e., nevoid. 
See e. telangiectodes, e. sclerosa. See scleroderma. 
e. telangiectodes, elephantiasis characterized by a 
great increase in the blood-vessels; dermatolysis. 

elevator (el'-ev-a-tor) [elevare, to lift]. 1. The same 
as levator. See under muscle. 2. An instrument for 
elevating or lifting a part, or for extracting the roots 
of teeth. 

eleventh nerve. The spinal accessory nerve. 

eliminant (e-lim' -in-ant) [eliminare, to expel]. 
1. Promoting elimination. 2. A drug causing elimi- 
nation. 
12 



elimination (e-lim-in-a'-shun) [see eliminant]. The 
process of expelling or casting out, especially waste- 
products. 

elinguation (e-lin-gwa'-shun) [e, out; lingua, the 
tongue]. Surgical removal of the tongue. 

elinguid (e-lin'-gwid). Tongue-tied; without the 
power of speech. 

eliquation (el-ik-wa' -shun) [eliquare, to melt out]. 
The separation of one substance from another by 
fusion or melting. 

elixation (e-liks-a'-shun). 1. A decoction. 2. Di- 
gestion. 

elixir (e-liks'-er) [Ar., el iksir, the philosopher's 
stone]. A sweetened, aromatic, spirituous prepara- 
tion, containing only a small amount of an active 
ingredient, e., adjuvant (elixir adjuvans, U. S. P.), 
one made of fluidextract of glycyrrhiza and aromatic 
elixir, e., aromatic (elixir aromaticum, U. S. P.), 
compound spirit of orange, 1.2 Cc; syrup, 37.5 Cc; 
purified talc, 1.5 Gm.; deodorized alcohol, distilled 
water, each, a sufficient quantity to make 100 Cc. 
It is used as a vehicle, e. of iron, quinine, and 
strychnine phosphates (elixir ferri, quinince, et strych- 
nines phosphatum, U. S. P.). Dose 1 dr. (4 Cc). 
e. of phosphorus, spirit of phosphorus, 21; oil of 
anise, 0.2; glycerol, 55; aromatic elixir, a sufficient 
quantity to make 100 Cc. 

elixiviation (e-liks-iv^e-a' -shun) . See lixiviation. 

elixoid (el-iks'-oid). Trade name of fluid prepara- 
tions of drugs, which are said to keep perfectly in 
any climate. 

elkodennatosis (el-ko-der-mat-o'-sis) [IXkos, an 
ulcer; Sep/ia, skin; voaos, disease]. An ulcerative 
skin affection. 

elkoplasty (el'-ko-plas-te). See helcoplasty. 

Elliot's position (el'-e-ot) [John Wheelock Elliot, 
American surgeon, 1852- ]. The patient is 
placed in the position of a double inclined plane by 
means of a pillow or cushion under the small of the 
back. 

Elliot's sign (el'-e-ot) [George T. Elliot, American 
dermatologist, 1855- ]. A skin lesion with an 
indurated or infiltrated border is syphilitic. 

Elliot-Smith, area paraterminaUs of. A space on 
the mesial aspect of the embryonic cerebral hemis- 
phere. E.-S., fasciculus praecommissuralis of, the 
peduncle of the corpus callosum in the embryo. 

Ellis' ligament. That part of the rectovesical 
fascia that extends to the side of the rectum. E.'s 
line, or curve the curved line followed by the upper 
border of a pleuritic effusion or a hydrothorax. E.'s 
sign, during resorption of a pleuritic exudate, the 
upper border of dulness forms a curve convex toward 
the head, the highest point of which lies laterally. 

Ellis-Damoiseau's curve. See Ellis' sign and line. 

elm. See ulmus. 

elodes (e-lo'-dez) [i\wSrjs, swampy; IXor, a swamp]. 



ELONGATIO 



322 



EMBRYOGENESIS 



Marsh or paludal fever; malarial fever, e. icterodes, 
yellow fever. 

elongatio, elongation (e-lon-ga'-she-o, -shun), i. 
The process of lengthening. 2. A lengthened con- 
dition, e. colli, pathological lengthening of the 
cervix uteri through hypertrophy. 

elosin (el'-o-sin). A remedy said to be a resinoid 
from the root of Chamcelirium carolinianum. It is 
tonic, diuretic, emmenagogue, and a vermifuge. 

Eisner's asthma (els'-ner) [Christopher Friedrich 
Eisner, German physician, 1749-1820]. Angina 
pectoris. 

Eisner's method of diagnosing typhoid [Ottomar 
Eisner, German pathologist, 1869- ]. Cultures 
are made from the stools, upon a special culture- 
medium composed of Holz's acid potato-gelatin 
with 1 % of potassium iodide. Only a few forms of 
bacteria will grow upon this medium, and among 
these are Bacterium coli and the typhoid bacillus; 
these latter are of slow growth and in 24 hours 
are scarcely visible with low power, whereas the coli 
colonies have attained considerable growth. After 
48 hours the typhoid cultures appear in shining 
aggregations as drops of water with finely molded 
structure, and the coli colonies are larger, more granu- 
lar, and brown in color. The presence of the typhoid 
bacillus can also be detected in food and water by 
this procedure. 

elutriation (e-lu-tre-a' -shun) [elutriare, to wash 
out]. A process whereby the coarser particles of an 
insoluble substance are separated from the finer by 
decanting the fluid after the coarser particles have 
settled. 

elytratresia (el-it-rat-re' -ze-ah) [elytro-; arpTjroj, 
imperforate]. Atresia of the vagina; colpatresia. 

elytreurynter (el-it-ru-rin'-ter) [elytro-; eupweiv, 
to make broad]. Same as colpeurynter. 

elytritis (el-it-ri'-tis) [eXvTpov, vagina; tTts* in- 
flammation]. Inflammation of the vagina. 

elytro- (el-it-ro-) [eXvrpov, vagina]. A prefix sign- 
ifying relating to the vagina. 

elytrocele (el'-it-ro-sel) [elytro-; Krj\i), hernia]. 
Colpocele; vaginal hernia. 

elytroclasia (el-it-ro-kla'-se-ah) [elytro-; n\a.eiv, to 
break]. Rupture of the vagina. 

elytrocleisis, elytroclisis (el-it-ro-kli'-sis) . See 
colpocleisis. 

elytroid (el'-it-roid) [elytro-; eI5os, likeness]. 
Like a sheath. 

elytroncus (el-it-rong'-kus). Same as elytrophyma. 

elytrophyma (el-it-ro-fi'-mah) [elytro-; <pvpa, a 
tumor]. Swelling or tumor of the vagina. 

elytroplastic (el-it-ro-plas'-lik) [elytro-; irXaaaeiv, 
to form]. Relating to elytro plasty. 

elytroplasty (el'-it-ro-plas-te) [elytro-; Tr\a.<xaei.v, 
to form]. A plastic operation upon the vagina. 

elytropneumatosis (el-it-ro-nu-mat-o'-sis) [elytro- ; 
wvtvpa, air]. A collection of air in the vagina. 

elytro polypus (el-it-ro-poV -ip-us) [elytro-; polypus]. 
Vaginal polypus. 

elytroptosis (el-it-rop-to'-sis) [elytro-; irruais, a 
falling]. Prolapse of the vagina. 

elytrorrhagia (el-it-ror-a'-je-ah) [elytro-; prjyvvvai, 
to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from the vagina. 

elytrorrhaphy (el-it-ror'-a-fe) [elytro-; pa<pri, a 
seam]. Suture of the vaginal wall. 

elytrorrhea (el-it-ror-e'-ah) [elytro-; pola, a flow]. 
A vaginal leukorrhea. 

elytrostenosis (el-it-ro-ste-no'-sis) [elytro-; arkvoxris, 
a contraction]. Colpostenosis; vaginal stricture. 

elytrotome (el-W -ro-tom) [elytro-; Top.ii, a cutting]. 
An instrument for performing elytrotomy. 

elytrotomy (el-it-rot'-o-me) [elytro-; Top.i\ a cutting]. 
Surgical incision of the vaginal wall. 

emaciation (e-ma-se-a' -shun) [emaciare, to make 
lean]. Loss of the fat and fulness of the flesh of the 
body. Leanness. 

emaculation (e-mak-u-W -shun) [emaculare, to 
remove spots]. The removal of freckles or other 
spots from the face. 

emailloid (em'-il-oid) [Fr. email, enamel; elSos, 
resemblance]. A tumor developing from and 
composed of the enamel of a tooth. 

emanation (em-an-a'-shun) [emanare, to issue]. 
1. Emission; radiation. 2. That which flows or 
issues from a substance; effluvium. 

emansio (e-man'-she-o) [L.]. A failing, e. men- 
sium, delay in the first appearance of the menses. 

emasculation (e-mas-ku-la'-shun) [emasculare, to 
make impotent]. 1 . Removal of the testicles ; castra- 



tion. 2. The removal of both testicles, and total ex- 
tirpation of the penis." 

emballometer (em-bal-om'-et-er) [ep,fiaX\eiv, to 
throw; p.krpov, a measure]. A percussion instru- 
ment employed in connection with a stethoscope. 

embalming (em-bahm'-ing). The treatment of a 
cadaver with antiseptic and preservative substances 
to keep it from putrefying. 

embed (em-bed'). In histology, to treat a tissue 
with some substance, as paraffin or celloidin, which 
shall give it support during the process of section- 
cutting. 

embedding (em-bed' -ing). The fixation of a tissue- 
specimen in a firm medium, in order to keep it intact 
during the cutting of thin sections. 

Embelia (em-be'-le-ah) [Embel, a German traveler]. 
A genus of shrubs. E. ribes, a myrtaceous shrub 
that grows in Asia; it is reputed to have anthelmintic 
properties. Dose of the powdered fruit, 5 j-iv; of 
the fluidextract 3 j-iv. 

embolalia (em-bo-la' -le-ah) . See embololalia. 

embole (em'-bo-le) [epPpXri, a throwing in]. 1. The 
reducing of a dislocation. 2. Emboly. 3. Enar- 
throsis. 4._ Embolism. 

embolemia (em-bol-e' -me-dh) [embolus; atp.a, blood]. 
1. A state of the blood in which it is said that emboli 
are readily formed. 2. The presence of emboli in 
the blood. 

embolic (em-bol'-ik) [embolus]. 1. Relating to or 
caused by an embolus. 2. Pertaining to emboly. 

emboliform (em-boV -ij-orm) [embolus]. Resembling 
an embolus, e. nucleus. See under nucleus. 

embolism (em'-bo-lizm) [embolus]. The obstruc- 
tion of a blood-vessel, especially an artery, by a 
fragment of matter brought from another point, 
e., air-, obstruction of a vessel by a bubble of air. 
e., fat-, obstruction of blood-vessels by globules of 
fat. e., infective, embolism in which the emboli 
contain microorganisms and cause metastatic ab- 
scesses, e., miliary, a condition in which many 
small blood-vessels are the seats of emboli, e., 
pigment, e., pigmental, e., pigmentary, embolism 
due to melanemia and usually occurring in the 
spleen, liver, brain, or kidney. 

emboloid (em'-bo-loid) [embolus; eldos, likeness]. 
Resembling an embolus. 

embololalia (em-bo-lo-la' -le-ah) [embolus; XaXtd, 
babble]. The intercalation of meaningless words 
into the speech. 

embolophrasia (em-bo-lo-fra'-ze-ah) [embolus; <t>pa- 
cris, speech]. Embololalia. 

embolus (em'-bo-lus) [iv, in; f}a\\eu>, to throw; 
pi., emboli]. A particle of fibrin or other material 
brought by the blood-current and forming an ob- 
struction at its place of lodgment. 

emboly (em'-bo-le) [ep.flo\ri, insertion]. The pro- 
cess of invagination that gives rise to a gastrula from 
a blastosphere or vesicular morula. 

embrocation (em-bro-ka' -shun) [IpfSpexw, to 
soak in]. 1. The application, especially by rubbing, 
of a liquid to a part of the body. 2. The liquid so 
applied. 

embryectomy (em-bre-ek'-to-me) [embryo; Iktoptj, a 
cutting out]. The surgical removal of the embryo, 
especially in extra-uterine pregnancy. 

embryo (em'-bre-o) [&, in; fipbeiv, to swell with]. 
1. The product of conception up to the fourth 
month of pregnancy. 2. The fertilized germ of an 
animal. 

embryocardia (em-bre-o-kar'-de-ah) [embryo; KapSla, 
the heart]. A condition in which the heart-sounds 
resemble those of the fetus, the first and second 
sounds being almost identical. 

embryochemical (em-bre-o-kem'-ikal) [embryo; xv- 
Meia, chemistry]. Relating to the changes in the 
chemical distribution of nitrogen and phosphorus in 
the fertilized egg during development. 

embryoctonic, embryoctonous (em-bre-ok-ton'-ik, 
-ok'-ion-us) [embryo; urtLveiv, to kill]. Aborti- 
facient; relating to embryoctpny. 

embryoctony (em-bre-ok'-to-ne) [see embryoctonic]. 
The destruction of the living fetus; the procurement 
of abortion. 

embryogenetic, embryogenic (em-bre-o-jen-et'-ik, 
em-bre-o-jen'-ik) [embryo; ykv-qs, producing]. Giving 
rise to an embryo. 

embryography (em-bre-og'-ra-fe) [embryo; ■ypa<peu>, 
to write]. A description of the embryo. 

embryogenesis, embryogeny (em-bre-o-jen'-es-is, 
em-bre-oj'-en-e) [embryo; ykvris, producing]. That 



EMBRYOGENY 



323 



EMINENTIA 



department of biology which deals with the develop- 
ment of the fecundated germ. 

embryogeny (em-bre-oj'-en-e). See embryogenesis. 

embryograph (em'-bre-o-graf) [embryo; ypaxf>eiv, to 
write]. A form of microscope and camera lucida 
for use in drawing outlines and figures in embryo- 
logical study. 

embryoid (em'-bre-oid) [embryo; eI5os, form]. Re- 
sembling the embryo. 

embryoism, embryonism (em'-bre-o-izm, em'-bre- 
on-izm). The state of being an embryo. 

embryologic, embryological (em-bre-o-loj'-ik, em- 
bre-o-loj'-ik-al) [embryo; Xoyos, science]. Relating to 
embryology. 

embryologist (em-bre-ol'-o-jist) [embryo; \6yos, 
science]. One skilled in the science of embryology. 

embryolemma (em-bre-o-lem'-ah) [embryo; XeMM". 
a husk; pi., embryolemmata]. The special fetal 
membranes, the amnion, serolemma, etc. 

embryology (em-bre-ol'-o-je) [embryo; \6yos, sci- 
ence]. The science dealing with the development of 
the embryo. 

embryoma (em-bre-o'-mah). A dermoid cyst found 
in the mammalian ovary and testis; regarded by 
Wilnis as a rudimentary embryo. 

embryometrotrophia (em-bre-o-met-ro-tro'-fe-ah) 

[embryo; firjTpa the womb; rpktpeiv, to nourish]. 
The nourishment of the embryo. 

embryomorphous (em-bre-o-mor'-fus) [embryo ; 
twpcfrri, shape]. Like an embryo or of embryonic origin. 

embryon (em'-bre-on). Same as embryo. 

embryonal (em-bre-o'-nal). Same as embryonic. 
, embryonate (em'-bre-o-nat) [embryo], i. Relating 
to an embryo. 2. Fecundated; containing an embryo. 

embryonic {em-bre-on'-ik) [embryo]. Pertaining 
to the embryo, e. abortion, an early abortion. 
e. area, an opaque circular spot that forms on the 
blastoderm, e. spot. See e. area. e. tissue, tissue 
in the undifferentiated state, consisting of small, 
round cells. 

embryoplastic (em-bre-o-plas'-tik) [embryo; w\a(ro-eLv, 
to form]. - Participating in the formation of the 
embryo; it is said of cells. 

embryoscope (em'-bre-o-skop) [embryo; o-Kowelv, to 
examine]. An appliance by means of which the 
course of development of the embryo in eggs with 
shells may be observed. 

embryospastic (em-bre-o-spas'-lik) [embryo; oirav, 
to draw]. Relating to fetal extraction with an 
instrument. 

embryotocia (em-bre-o-to'-she-ah) [embryo; tokos, 
birth]. An abortion. 

embryotome (em'-bre-o-tom) [embryo; To/117, section]. 
An instrument for performing embryotomy. 

embryotomy (em-bre-ot'-o-me) [see embryotome]. 
The cutting up of the fetus in the uterus for the 
purpose of reducing its size. 

embryotoxon (em-bre-o-toks'-on) [embryo; to£ov, a 
bow]. A condition resembling arcus senilis, some- 
times seen at birth. 

embryotrophy (em-bre-ot'-ro-fe) [embryo; rpo<f>ri, 
nourishment]. The nutrition of the fetus. 

embryulcia (em-bre-ul'-se-ah) [embryo; IX«ety, to 
draw]. 1. Forcible extraction of the fetus. 2. The 
operation of embryotomy. 

embryulcus (em-bre-ul'-kus). A blunt hook, or 
obstetric forceps, used in performing embryulcia 
or in extracting the fetus. 

emedullate (e-med'-ul-dt) [e, out of; medulla, 
marrow]. To remove the marrow or pith from. 

emergency (e-mer'-jen-se) [emergere, to rise up]. 
A sudden, pressing, and unforeseen occasion for 
action; an accident or condition unlooked for, and 
calling for prompt decision, e. ration. See under 
ration. 

emergent (e-mer'-jent) [emergere, to rise up]. 
Sudden, unforeseen, and urgent; calling for prompt 
decision and action; as an emergent case. 

emerod (em'-er-od). See hemorrhoid. 

emesis (em'-es-is) [Zpeew, to vomit]. Vomiting. 

emetatrophia (em-et-at-ro'-fe-ah) [ep.e<n.s, vomiting; 
arpocfrla, wasting]. Atrophy or wasting, due to 
persistent vomiting. 

emetic (em-et'-tk) [see emesis]. 1. Having the 
power to induce vomiting. 2. An agent causing 
emesis. e., direct, e., mechanical, one acting directly 
on the nerves of the stomach, e., indirect, e., 
systemic, one acting through the blood upon the 
vomiting center. 

emeticology. See emelology. 



emetine (em'-et-en). An alkaloid from ipecac- 
root; it is emetic, diaphoretic, and expectorant. 
Emetic dose |-J gr. (0.008-0.016 Gm.); expectorant, 
bV-stt gr. (0.001-0.002 Gm.). Also a specific for 
amebiasis. Dose, subcutaneous injection £ to § gr. 
emetine hydrochloride dissolved in sterile saline 
solution. See ipecacuanha. 

emetism (em'-et-izm) [see emesis]. Poisoning from 
undue use of ipecac, manifested by acute inflamma- 
tion of the pylorus, attended with hyperemesis and 
diarrhea and in some instances with paroxysms of 
coughing and asthmatic suffocation. 

emetized (em'-et-izd). 1. Prepared with tartar 
emetic. 2. Nauseated. 

emetocatharsis (em-et-o-kath-ar'-sis) [ep.eros, vomit- 
ing; Kadalpeip, to purge]. Vomiting and purgation 
at the same time, or produced by a common agent. 

emetocathartic (em-et-o-kath-ar'-tik) [emesis; cathar- 
tic]. Having power to induce vomiting and purga- 
tion. 

emetology (em-et-ol'-o-je) [ineros, vomiting; \6yos, 
science]. The study or science of the physiology, 
pathology, and therapeutics of vomiting, and of the 
nature of emetics. 

emetomania (em-et-o-ma'-ne-ah) [eneros, vomiting; 
tiavia, madness]. Insane desire for frequent emetics. 

emetomorphine {em-et-o-mor' -fen) [ep.eros, vomit- 
ing; Morpheus, the god of sleep]. Apmorphine. 

emetophobia (em-et-o-fo'-be-ah) [lp.tros, vomiting; 
<p6(ios, fear]. Morbid dread or fear of vomiting. 

E. M. F. Abbreviation of electro-motive force. 

emiction (e-mik'-shun) [e, out; mingere, to void 
urine]. Urination. 

emictory (e-mik'-tor-e) [e, out; mingere, to void 
urine]. 1. Promoting the secretion of urine. 2. A 
diuretic medicine. 

emigration (em-ig-ra'-shun) [e, out; migrare, to 
wander]. The outward passage of a wandering-cell 
or leukocyte through the wall of a blood vessel. 

eminence (em'-in-ens) [eminentia, an eminence]. 
A projecting, prominent part of an organ, especially 
of a bone, e., arcuate, a round protuberance on the 
upper aspect of the petrosa, marking the location 
of the superior semicircular canal. Syn., jugum 
petrosum. e., articular, the projection upon the 
zygomatic process which marks the anterior boundary 
of the glenoid fossa, e., auditory. See auditory 
eminence, e., canine. See canine eminence, e., 
collateral, a projection in the lateral ventricle of 
the brain between the middle and posterior horns. 
e. of Doyere. See Doyere's eminence, e., frontal, 
the two eminences of the frontal bone above the 
superciliary ridges, e., iliopectineal, a ridge on 
the upper surface of the pubic bone, e., median, 
the anterior pyramids, e., nasal, the prominence 
above the root of the nose, between the superciliary 
ridges, e., occipital. 1. The ridge in the paracele 
corresponding to the occipital fissure, distinct in the 
fetus. 2. See occipital protuberance, external, e., 
parietal, the eminence of the parietal bone, e., 
posterior portal, the caudate lobe of the liver, e. of 
the scapha, one on the dorsal aspect of the external 
ear corresponding to the scapha. e., supracondylar, 
that formed by the internal or external epicondyles. 
e., thenar, the eminence on the palm at the base of 
the thumb. 

eminentia (em-in-en'-she-ah) [L.]. An eminence. 
e. abducentis, a medial ridge on the floor of the 
fourth ventricle, e. acustica, an elevation on the 
floor of the fourth ventricle at the lateral triangles. 
e. annularis, the pons Varolii, e. arcuata. See 
eminence, arcuate, e. articularis, a rounded ridge on 
the temporal bone in front of the glenoid fossa. 
e. capitata, the head of a bone. e. caudata, an 
isthmus connecting the Spigelian lobe with the under 
surface of the right lobe of the liver, e. cinerea, the 
elevated base of the trigonum vagi. e. collateralis. 
See eminence, collateral, e. conchae, the posterior 
projection on the pinna corresponding to the concha, 
e. cruciata, ridges intersecting in the form of a cross 
on the superior surface of the occipital bone. e. 
cuneatus, a slight swelling of the internal funicle 
near the eminence of the clava; it contains the internal 
cuneate nucleus, e. facialis, the colliculus facialis. 
e. Fallopii, a ridge on the internal wall of the tym- 
panum, e. fossa? triangularis, the posterior pro- 
jection on the pinna corresponding to the fossa 
triangularis. e. gracilis. See pyramid, posterior. 
e. hepatis caudata, e. hepatis longitudinalis, e. hepatis 
radiata, the lobus caudata, the Spigelian lobe of 



EMINENTIAL 



324 



EMPROSTHOCYRTOMA 



the liver, e. intercondyloidea, the spinous process 
of the tibia, e. jugularis, the spine-like extremity 
of the jugular process of the occipital bone, emi- 
nentiae longitudinales. See e. caudata. e. mandi- 
bularis, a bony protuberance of the inner surface 
of the skull, beneath the fossa mandibularis. e. 
medialis, an elevation on either side of the median 
line on the floor of the fourth ventricle, e. pyra- 
midalis, a conical projection in the middle ear. 
e. scaphae, the posterior projection on the pinna 
corresponding to the scaphoid fossa, e. styloidea, 
an elevation on the posterior wall of the tympanum. 
e. teres. Same as e. abducentis. 

eminential {em-in-en' -shal) [eminentia, an emi- 
nence]. Relating to an eminence. 

emissarium (em-is-a'-re-um) [L.]. A term for 
any canal or channel conveying a fluid outward. 
It is applied especially to the veins of the skull. 

emissary (em'-is-a-re) [emittere, to send forth], 
i. An outlet. 2. Furnishing an oulet. e. veins, 
small veins piercing the skull and conveying blood 
outward. 

emission (e-mish'-un) [emittere, to send forth]. 
1. An ejaculation, or sending forth. 2. An involun- 
tary seminal discharge. 

Emmanuel movement (em-an'-u-el) [Emmanuel 
Church, Boston, where the cult originated]. A 
religious scheme to treat certain nervous and mental 
troubles by means of psychotherapy and religious 
exercises administered by the church authorities or 
others. 

emmenagogue, emmenagog {em-en' -ag-og) [innr)i>a, 
the menses; iiyuyfc, leading]. 1. Stimulating the 
menstrual flow. 2. An agent that stimulates the 
menstrual flow, e., direct, one acting directly on 
the generative organs, e., indirect, one acting by 
relieving an underlying condition, as anemia, consti- 
pation, etc. 

emmenia (em-e'-ne-ah) [L.]. The menses. 
emmeniopathy (em-en-e-op' -a-the) [ep.p.r]va, menses; 
irados, illness]. Any disorder of menstruation. 

emmenology (em-en-ol'-o-je) [lp.p.T)va, menses; 
X670S, science]. That branch of science that treats 
of menstruation. 

emmenorrhea (em-en-or-e'-ah) [itinrjva, menses; 
t>ola, a flowing]. The menses. 

Emmet's operation {em'-et) [Thomas Addis Emmet, 
American gynecologist, 1828- ]. 1. Trachelor- 
rhaphy; suturing of the neck of the womb. 2. A 
method of repairing lacerated perineum. 

emmetrope (em'-et-rop) [emmetropia], A person 
whose eyes are emmetropic. 

emmetropia (em-et-ro'-pe-ah) [iv, in; pkrpov, a 
measure; &\{/, the eye]. Normal or perfect vision. 
The state of an eye in which, when accommodation is 
suspended, parallel rays of light are brought to a 
focus upon the retina. 

emmetropic (em-et-rop'-ik) [see emmetropia]. Char- 
acterized by emmetropia. 

emodin (em'-o-din) [Hind., emodi, rhubarb], 
C15H10O5. A glucoside that occurs with chrysophanic 
acid in the bark of wild cherry, in cascara sagrada, 
and in the root of rhubarb. 

emol (e'-mol) [emollire, to soften]. A fine powder 
■composed of talc, silica, aluminum, and a trace of 
lime, miscible with water, and used as paste in the 
treatment of various forms of hyperkeratosis. 

emollient (e-mol'-yent) [see emol]. 1. Softening; 
relaxing; soothing. 2. A substance used by external 
application to soften the skin; or, internally, to soothe 
an irritated or inflamed surface. 

emotiometabolic (e-mo-she-o-met-ah-bol'-ik). Pro- 
ducing metabolism in consequence of some emotion, 
emotiomotor (e-mo-she-o-mo'-tor). Inducing some 
activity in consequence of emotion. 

emotiomuscular (e-mo-she-o-mus'-ku-lar). Relating 
to muscular activity which is due to emotion. 

emotion (e-mo'-shun) [emotio, agitation]. Mental 
feeling, or sentiment, with the associated agitation, 
and often with more or less bodily commotion. 
With the emotions, desire, impulse, and will are 
intimately associated. 

emotional (e-mo'-shun-al). Pertaining to the 
emotions, e. insanity, insanity characterized by 
exaggeration of the emotions or feelings. 

emotiovascular (e-mo-she-o-vas'-ku-lar). Relating 

to some vascular change brought about by emotion. 

emotivity (e-mo-tiv'-it-e) [emotio, agitation]. 

The degree of an individual's susceptibility to 

emotion. 



empasm (em'-pazm) [iv, on; iratraeiv, to strew]. 
A perfumed powder for dusting the person. 

empathema {em-path-e'-mah) [ei>, in; iraBrina, 
suffering; pi., empathemata]. A dominant or un- 
governable passion or source of suffering, e. atoni- 
cum, hypochondriasis, e. entonicum, active mania. 
e. inane, harebrained and purposeless passion and 
excitement. 

emphlysis (em'-flis-is) [iv, in, on; 4>\v<ns, eruption: 
pi., emphlyses]. Any vesicular or exanthematous 
eruption. 

emphractic (em-frak'-tik) [ip-tppdrrew, to obstruct], 
1. Obstructive; closing the pores of the skin. 2. Any 
agent that obstructs the function of an organ, 
especially the excretory function of the skin. 

emphraxis (em-fraks'-is) [ep.<t>pa£is, obstruction]. 
Obstruction; infarction; congestion. 

emphyma (em-fi'-mdh) [&, in; 4>vp.a, growth; pi., 
emphymata]. A tumor. 

emphysatherapy (em-fiz-ah-ther'-ap-e) [<kp4>voav, 
to inflate; therapy]. The therapeutic injection of gas 
into a body-cavity. 

emphysema (em-fiz-e'-mah) [iptpvaav, to inflate]. 
A condition in which there is air or gas in normally 
airless tissues or an excess of air in tissues normally 
containing a certain quantity of it. e., atrophic, 
senile emphysema of the lung, characterized by a 
diminution in the size of the lung, e., compensatory, 
e., complementary, e., essential, pulmonary emphy- 
sema due to defective expansion of some other area 
of the lung in consequence of which the affected 
alveoli have assumed the function of a number of 
others and give way under the pressure, e., cutane- 
ous, the presence of air or gas in the connective tissues 
beneath the skin, usually o f the face, e., gangrenous. 
See edema, malignant, e., hypertrophic. See e., 
pulmonary, e., interstitial, the presence of gas in 
the connective tissue of a part, particularly in the 
connective tissue of the lung, e., pulmonary, a 
condition of the lungs characterized by a permanent 
dilatation of the alveoli with atrophy of the alveolar 
walls and the blood-vessels, resulting in a loss of the 
normal elasticity of the lung tissue. It is associated 
with dyspnea, with hacking cough and defective 
aeration of the blood. The chest becomes round or 
barrel-shaped, the right side of the heart hyper- 
trophies, the abdominal viscera are displaced down- 
ward. The causes are a lessened resistance on the 
part of the lung, which may be inherited or acquired, 
and a distending force, which is usually expiratory 
in character, and consists in chronic cough, the 
blowing of wind-instruments, or other labor throwing 
a strain on the respiratory function, e., subcu- 
taneous. See e., cutaneous, e., substantial. Syno- 
nym of e., pulmonary, e., surgical, distension of the 
subcutaneous tissue by air. e., vesicular, that due 
to dilatation of the air- vesicles. 

emphysematous (em-fiz-em'-at-us). Affected with 
or of the nature of emphysema, e. girdle. See 
emphysema. 

emphysemodyspnea (em-fiz-e-mo-disp'-ne-ah) [em- 
physema; dyspnea]. The dyspnea attending pul- 
monary emphysema. 

emphytriatreusis (em-fit-re-at-ru'-sis) [ip.<f>vros, in- 
nate; tarpevais, treatment]. The treatment of 
disease by an untrained person, whether clairvoyant, 
medium, trance-doctor, telepathist, mesmerist, or 
seventh son of a seventh son. 

empiric (em-pir'-ik) [epiveipiKos, experienced]. 
1. Based on practical observation and not on sci- 
entific reasoning. 2. One who in practising medicine 
relies solely on experience and not on scientific 
reasoning; a quack, or charlatan. 

empiricism (em-pir'-is-izm) [empiric], 1. De- 
pendence upon experience or observation. 2. Quack- 
ery. , 

Empis' "granulie." Acute miliary tuberculosis 
of the lungs. 

emplastic (em-plas'-tik) [ep-ifKaaTixbi, clogging]. 
1. Suitable for a plaster. 2. A constipating medi- 
cine. 

emplastration (em-plas-tra'-shun) [emplastrum]. 
The act of applying a plaster. 

emplastrum (em-plas'-trum) [L.; pi., emplastra]. 
A plaster (g. v.). 

empodistic (em-pod-is' -tik) \[ifiiro8i£tiv, to hinder]. 

1. Checking; preventing. 2. A preventive remedy. 

emprosthocyrtoma, emprosthocyrtosis (em-pros- 

tho-sir-to'-mah, -sis) [epirpoadev, forward; Kvprup-a, a 

bending]. Lordosis. 



EMPROSTHOKYPHOSIS 



325 



ENCEPHALITIS 



emprosthokyphosis (em-pros-tho-ki-fo'-sis) [itnrpoa- 
6ei>, forward; kyphosis]. Lordosis. 

emprosthotonia (em-pros-thot-o'-ne-ah). Same as 
emprosthotonos. 

emprosthotonos (em-pros-thot'-o-nos) [inirpoadev, 
forward; tovos, tension]. Tonic muscular spasm in 
which the body is bent forward. 

emprosthozygosis (em-pros-tho-zi-go'-sis) [ip.irp6o-- 
6ev, forward; £vyovv, to join]. The condition of 
conjoined twins in which the fusion is anterior. 

emptysis {emp'-tis-is) [iumveiv, to spit upon]. 
Hemorrhage from the lungs; hemoptysis. 

Empusa {em-pu'-zah) [in-n-ovo-a, a hobgoblin]. 
A genus of fungi parasitic on living insects and causing 
their death. 

empyema {em-pi-e'-mah) [iv, in; irvov, pus]. Pus 
in a cavity, especially in the pleural cavity, e. 
necessitatis, an empyema in which the pus burrows 
between the intercostal spaces _ and appears as a 
subcutaneous tumor, e., pulsating, one that trans- 
mits the pulsations of the heart to the chest-wall. 

empyematous {em-pi-em' -at-us) . Of the nature of 
or affected with empyema. 

empyemic {em-pi-em' -ik). See empyematous. 

empyesis {em-pi-e'-sis) [ip.wvet.v, to suppurate]. 
A pustular eruption, as smallpox; any disease char- 
acterized by phlegmonous pimples gradually filling 
with purulent fluid. 

empyocele {em-pi' -o-sel) [iv, in; irvov, pus; /07X77, 
tumor]. A purulent scrotal tumor. 

empyomphalus {em-pi-om' -fal-us) [iv, in; irvov, 
pus; 6n<f>a\6s, navel]. A collection of pus at or 
about the navel. 

empyreuma {em-pi-ru'-mah) [inirvpevp.a, a heating; 
a burnt flavor]. The odor developed in organic 
matter by destructive distillation. 

empyreumatic {em-pi-ru-mat'-ik) [ip.irvptvp.a, a 
live coal]. Obtained from some organic substance 
by the aid of strong heat; as an empyreumatic oil. 

emulgent {e-mul'-jent) [emulgere, to milk out]. 

1. Draining; applied to the renal arteries as draining 
out the urine. 2. An emulgent vessel. 3. Any 
remedy that stimulates the emunctory organs. 
e. veins. See vein. 

emulsic {e-mul'-sik). Relating to emulsin. 

emulsification {e-mul-sif-ik-a'-shun). The process 
of making or becoming an emulsion. 

emulsify {e-mul' -se-fi) [see emulsion]. To make 
into an emulsion. 

emulsin {e-mul'-sin) [see emulsion]. A proteid 
ferment contained in bitter almonds. It aids in 
emulsifying almond oil, and, by its action on amygda- 
lin, liberates hydrocyanic acid. 

emulsio {e-mul'-se-o) [L.; pi., emulsiones]. See 
emulsion. 

emulsion {e-mul '-shun) [emulsum, an emulsion]. 
A preparation consisting of a liquid, usually water, 
containing an insoluble substance in suspension. 

emulsionize {e-mul' -shun-iz) [emulgere, to milk 
out]. To transform into an emulsion. The pan- 
creatic juice emulsionizes fats. 

emulsive {e-mul'-siv) [see emulsion]. 1. Forming 
or readily entering into an emulsion. 2. Affording 
oil on pressure, as certain seeds. 

emulsoid {e-mul' -soyd) [emulsion; elSos, resem- 
blance]. An emulsion colloid. 

emulsum {e-mul'-sum) [L.]. An emulsion. The 
following emulsions are official: e. amygdala, e. 
asafastidce, e. chloroformi, e. olei morrhuce, e. olei 
morrhua cum hypophosphitibus, e. olei terebinthince. 

emunctory {e-munk'-tor-e) [emungere, to wipe 
the nose]. 1. Excretory; removing waste-products. 

2. An organ that excretes waste-materials. 
emundans, emundant {e-mun'-danz, -dant) [emun- 

dare, to cleanse]. Cleansing and disinfectant; 
applied to certain washes. 

emundantia, emundants {e-mun-dan'-she-ah, e- 
mun'-dants) [see emundans]. Detergents. 

emundation {e-mun-da' -shun) [see emundans]. 
1. The act of cleansing. 2. The rectification of 
drugs. 

emusculate {e-mus' -ku-lat) [e, out; musculus, a 
muscle]. Without muscles. 

emydin {em'-id-in) [ip.bs, the fresh-water tortoise]. 
A white proteid substance procured from the yolk 
of the eggs of turtles. 

enadelphia {en-ah-del'-fe-ah). See inclusion, fetal. 

enamel {en-am'-el) [ME., enamaile]. The vitreous 
substance of the crown of the teeth, e.-column, 
e.-fiber, e.-prism, e.-rod, any one of the minute, 



six-sided prisms of which the enamel of a tooth is 
composed, e. cuticle. See Nasmyth's cuticle, e.- 
organ, the ectodermic epithelial cap or process from 
which the enamel of a tooth is developed. 

enantesis ■ {en-an-te' -sis) [ivavrios, opposite]. The 
approximation of ascending and descending blood- 
vessels. 

enanthem {en-an' -them) . See enanthema. 

enanthema {en-an-the'-mah) [iv, in; avdrjua, 
bloom, eruption: pi., enanthemata]. An eruption on 
a mucous membrane, or within the body, in dis- 
tinction from exanthema. 

enanthematous {en-an-them' -at-us) [iv, in; avBrnxa, 
bloom, eruption]. Of the nature of or accompanied 
by an enanthema. 

enanthesis {en-an-the'-sis) [iv, in; avOelv, to 
bloom]. The process which causes an enanthema. 

enanthin, cenanthin {e-nan' -thin) . A resinous 
substance contained in (Enanthe crocata, and (E. 
fistulosa. 

enanthotoxin, oenantho toxin {e-nan-tho-toks'-in), 
C17H22O5. A poisonous resinoid contained in (Enanthe 
crocata. It acts as does picrotoxin in producing 
violent convulsions. 

enanthrope {en'-an-throp) [iv, in; avdpairos, man]. 
A source of disease originating internally. 

enantiobiosis {en-an-ti-o-bi-o'-sis) [ivavrios, oppo- 
site; /3ios, life]. Commensalism in which the associ- 
ated organisms are antagonistic to each other's 
development. Cf. symbiosis. 

enantiomorphous, enantiomorphic {en-an-te-o-mor'- 
fus, en-an-te-o-mor'-fik) [ivavrios, opposite; iiop<f>ri y 
form]. Similar but contrasted or reversed in form. 
Thus the two hands are enantiomorphous. 

enantiopatbic {en-an-te-o-path'-ik). 1. Palliative. 
2. Pertaining to enantiopathy. 

enantiopathy {en-an-te-op' -ath-e) [ivavrios, oppo- 
site; iraffos, disease]. A disease antagonistic to 
another disease. 

enarkyochrome {en-ar'-ke-o-krom) [iv, in; apicvs, a 
net; xp&v-*, color]. Nissl's term for a nerve-cell 
taking the stain best in the cell-body, the formed 
part of which is arranged in the shape of a network. 

enarthrodia {en-ar-thro'-de-ah). See enarthrosis. 

enarthrodial {en-ar-thro' -de-al) [enarthrosis]. Hav- 
ing the character of an enarthrosis. 

enarthrosis {en-ar-thro' -sis) [iv, in; apdpov, a joint]. 
A ball-and-socket joint, like that of the hip. 

enarthrum {en-ar' -thrum) [see enarthrosis]. A 
foreign body lodged in a joint. 

encanthis {en-kan' -this) [iv, in; navdos, canthus]. 
A newgrowth in the inner canthus of the eye. 

encapsulation {en-kap-su-la'-shun) [iv, in; capsula, 
a capsule]. The process of surrounding a part with 
a capsule. 

encarditis {en-kard-i'-tis). Same as endocarditis. 

enceinte {on{g)-sant') [Ft.]. With child; pregnant. 

encelitis, encoelitis {en-se-li'-tis) [iv, in; /coiXia, 
belly; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the 
abdominal viscera. 

encephal {en'-sef-al). Same as encephalon, q. v. 

encephalalgia {en-sef-al-al'-je-ah) [encephalon ; 
aKyos, pain]. Pain in the head. e. hydropica, 
hydrocephalus. 

encephalanalosis {en-sef-al-an-al-o'-sis) [encepha- 
lon; avaXwo-is, a wasting away]. Cerebral atrophy. 

encephalasthenia {en-sef-al-as-the' -ne-ah) [ence- 
phalon; asthenia]. Althaus' term for the cerebral 
form of neurasthenia; failure of brain power. 

encephalatrophic {en-sef -al-at-rof'-ik) [encephalo- ; 
arpo<f>ia, wasting]. Relating to brain-atrophy. 

encephalauxe {en-sef-al-awks'-e) [encephalon; av^ij, 
increase]. Hypertrophy of the brain. 

encephaledema {en-sef-al-e-de'-mah) [encephalon ; 
edema]. Edema of the brain. 

encephalelcosis {en-sef-al-el-ko'-sis) [encephalon ; 
helcosis]. Ulceration of the brain. 

encephalemia, encephalaemia {en-sef-al-e'-me-ah). 
See encephalohemia. 

encephalic {en-sef-al'-ik) [encephalon]. Pertaining 
to the brain. 

encephalin {en-sef -al-in) [iyKk<t>a\os, the brain]. 
A nitrogenous glucoside extracted from brain-tissue. 

encephalion {en-sef -a' -le-on) [dim, of iyKe<t>a\os, 
the brain]. The cerebellum. 

encephalitic {en-sef -al-it'-ik) [encephalo-; ins, in- 
flammation]. Relating to or affected with ence- 
phalitis. 

encephalitis {en-sef -al-i'-tis) [encephalon; ins, 
inflammation]. Inflammation of the brain. e. 



ENCEPHALO- 



326 



ENDEMIC 



neonatorum (Virchow), localized softening consisting 
of numerous yellow spots surrounded by hemorrhage; 
these occur most commonly in the brains of syphilitic 
infants. 

encephalo- (en-sef-al-o-) [encephalon]. A prefix 
meaning relating to the encephalon or brain. 

encephalocele (en-sef ' -al-o-sel) [encephalo-; (07X17, 
tumor]. A hernia of the brain through a cranial 
fissure. 

encephalocoele (en-sef-al-o-se'-le) [encephalo- ; koLXos, 
hollow]. 1. The cranial cavity. 2. The ventricles 
of the brain. 

encephalodialysis (en-sef-al-o-di-al'-is-is) [enceph- 
alo-; Sid, through; \veiv, to loose]. Softening of 
the brain. 

encephalodynia (en-sef-al-o-din'-e-ah) [encephalo-; 
65wr], pain]. Same as encephalalgia. 

encephalohemia (en-sef -aUo-he' -me-ah) [encephalo- ; 
alfia, blood]. Congestion of the brain. 

encephaloid (en-sef -al-oid) [encephalo-; eldos, 
like]. 1. Resembling brain tissue. 2. Soft car- 
cinoma. See carcinoma, encephaloid. 

encephalolith (en-sef -al-o-lith) [£yice<pd\os, brain; 
Xi0os, stone]. A calculus of the brain; a brain-stone. 

encephalolithiasis (en-sef-al-o-lith-i'-as-is) [£yKk4>- 
oXos, brain; Xi0ia<ris, the formation of calculi]. 
The formation of brain-stones. 

encephalology (en-sef-al-ol'-o-je) [£yKe<pa\os, brain; 
X670S, science]. The anatomy, physiology, and 
pathology of the brain. 

encephaloma (en-sef-al-o' -mah) [encephalo-; 6pa, 
tumor]. 1. A tumor of the brain. 2. Encephaloid 
carcinoma. 

encephalomalacia (en-sef -al-o-mal-a'-she-ah) [ence- 
phalo-; fiaKada, softening]. Softening of the brain- 
substance. 

encephalomeningitis (en-sef -al-o-men-in-ji'-tis) [en- 
cephalo-; meninges; ins, inflammation]. Combined 
inflammation of the brain and membranes. 

encephalomeningocele (en-sef -al-o-men-in' -go-sel) 
[encephalo-; meningocele]. Hernia of the membranes 
and brain-substance. 

encephalomere (en-sef -al-o-mer) [eyKkcpaXos, brain; 
fiepos, share]. Any one of the succession of natural 
segments of axial parts into which the brain is 
divisible. 

encephalometer (en-sef -al-om'-et-er) [tyKe<f>a\os, 
brain; ptrpov, measure]. An instrument for measur- 
ing the cranium and locating certain brain-regions. 

encephalomyelitis (en-sef -al-o-mi-el-i' -Us) . En- 
cephalitis combined with myelitis. 

encephalomyelopathy (en-sef -al-o-mi-el-op' -ath-e) 
[encephalo-; pve\6s, marrow; waBos, disease]. Any 
disease affecting both the brain and spinal cord. 

encephalon (en-sef -al-on) [tyidxpaXos, brain]. 
The brain. 

encephalonarcosis (en-sef -al-o-nar-ko' -sis) [iyK&f>- 
aXos, brain; vapnoeiv, to benumb]. Stupor from 
some brain-lesion. 

encephaloncus (en-sef -al-ong'-kus) [£yKe<pa\os, 
brain; 67/cos, a tumor]. See encephalophyma. 

encephalopathy (en-sef -al-op' -ath-e) [encephalo- ; 
iraffos, disease]. Any disease of the brain. 

encephalophyma (en-sef -al-o-fi' -mah) [eyKi<pa\oi, 
brain; <pvpa, a growth]. A tumor of the brain. 

encephalopyosis (en-sef -al-o-pi-o' -sis) [encephalo- ; 
pyosis]. Abscess of the brain. 

encephalorrhachidian, encephalorachidian (en-sef- 
al-o-ra-kid'-e-an) . Same as cerebrospinal. 

encephalorrhagia (en-sef -al-or-a' -je-ah) [eynkQakos, 
brain; priyvvvai, to break forth]. Cerebral hemor- 
rhage. 

encephaloscopy (en-sef -al-os' -ko-pe) [encephalo- ; 
OKoirtlv, to examine]. Examination of the brain. 

encephalosepsis (en-sef -al-o-sep' -sis) [encephalo- ; 
afi4>fs, decay]. Gangrene of the tissue of the brain. 

encephalosis (en-sef-al-o' -sis). The formation of 
an encephaloma. 

encephalospinal (en-sef -al-o-spi'-nal) [encephalo- ; 
spina, the spine]. Pertaining to the brain and 
spinal cord. e. axis, the cerebrospinal axis. 

encephalothlipsis (en-sef -al-o-thlip' -sis) [encephalo-; 
0Xtyis, pressure]. Pressure on the brain. 

encephalotome (en-sef -al'-o-tom) [iyi<e<j>a\os, brain; 
Top.ii, section]. An instrument for slicing the ence- 
phalon for examination or preservation. 

encephalotomy (en-sef -al-ot'-o-me) [£yKk<f>a\os, 
brain; ropij, section]. 1. The anatomy or dissection 
of the brain; surgical incision of the brain. 2. Ob- 
stetric craniotomy. 



enchondral (en-kon'-dral). See endochondral. 

enchondroma (en-kon-dro'-mah) [£v, in; %bvbpos, 
cartilage; opa, tumor; pi., enchondromata]. 1. A 
tumor arising from or resembling cartilage in texture, 
etc.; chondroma. 2. A cartilaginous growth within 
an organ or tissue. 

enchondrosarcoma (en-kon-dro-sar-ko'-mah). Sar- 
coma containing cartilaginous tissue. 

enchondrosis (en-kon-dro'-sis) [£v, within; xbvdpos, 
cartilage: pi., enchondroses]. An outgrowth of 
cartilage from an osseous or cartilaginous structure; 
the process by which an enchondroma is developed. 

enchylema (en-ki-le'-mah) [ev, in; x^Xos, juice]. 
A fluid, granular substance filling the interstices of 
the cell-body and the nucleus. 

enchyma (en'-ke-mah) [eyxelv, to pour in]. An 
organic juice elaborated from chyme, the formative 
juice of tissues. 

enclave (en-klav', on(g)-klahv') [Fr.]. Any sub- 
stance enclosed within a foreign tissue, as an oil- 
globule in a cell; any exclave (q. v.) considered in 
relation to the part that surrounds it. 

enclavement (on(g)-klahv'-mon(g)) [Fr.]. Re- 
tention due to a constriction; impaction, as of the 
head in the pelvic strait. 

enclitic (en-klit'-ik) [eyKXin/cos, leaning on]. 
Presenting obliquely; not synclitic. 

encoleosis (en-ko-le-o'-sis) [ev, in; koXcos, sheath]. 
Invagination. 

encolpism, encolpismus (en-kol'-pizm, en-kol-piz'- 
mus) [ev, in; koXitos, the vagina]. 1. A vaginal 
suppository. 2. Medication by vaginal suppositories. 

encolpitis (en-kol-pi'-tis) [iv, in; koXitos, vagina]. 
Mucous vaginitis. 

encranial (en-kra'-ne-al). See intracranial. 

encraty (en'-krat-e) [eyKpareta, mastery]. Self- 
control ; continence or strict temperance. 

encyesis (en-si-e'-sis) [eyKvriais]. Pregnancy. 

encysted (en-sist'-ed) [ev, in; kvotis, a cyst]. 
Inclosed in a cyst or capsule. 

encystment (en-sist'-ment) [ev, in; kvotis, a bag]. 
The process of becoming encysted. 

end [ME., ende]. The terminal point of a thing, 
e.-artery, one that does not communicate with other 
arteries, e.-body, Wassermann's term for that 
substance which kills the bacteria in the production 
of immunity to typhoid. Cf. body, immune, e. 
brain. See telencephalon. e. brush, the finely 
branched terminal expansion of an axone. e.-bud, 
e.-bulb, the terminal bulb of a nerve in the skin. 
e.-organ, the terminal part of a sensory nerve-fiber. 
e.-plate. 1. The expanded terminal of a motor 
nerve upon a bundle of muscular fibers. 2. The 
achromatic masses at the poles of the spindle in 
karyokinesis of Protozoa, e.-plate, motorial nerve. 
See motorial end-plate. 

Endamoeba, Endameba. See Entamoeba, Entameba. 

endangeitis, endangitis (end-an-je-i'-tis, end-an- 
ji'-tis) [endo-; ayyelov, vessel; ins, inflammation]. 
Inflammation of the endangium. 

endangic, endangidic (end-an'-jik, end-an-jid'-ik) 
[see endangium]. Endovascular. 

endangium (end-an'-je-um) [endo-; ayyelov, vessel]. 
The intima or inmost coat of a blood-vessel. 

endanthem (end-an' -them) [endo-; avdelv, to 
bloom]. A term applied to a mucous exanthem. 

endaortitis (end-a-or-ti'-tis) [endo-; aorta; ins, 
inflammation]. Inflammation of the intima of the 
aorta. 

endarterial (end-ar-te'-re-al). Within an artery. 

endarteritis (end-ar-ter-i'-tis) [endo-; aprripia, 
artery; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the 
inner coat of an artery, e., obliterating, arteritis 
obliterans, a form in which the production of new 
connective tissue obliterates the vessel-lumen. 

endaxoneuron (en-daks-o-nu' -ron) [endo-; axo- 
neuron]. A neuron whose nerve-process does not 
leave the spinal cord; the endaxoneurons include the 
column cells and the internal cells. 

endectoplastic (end-ek-to-plas'-tik) [endo-; e/cros, 
outward; Tr\aao-ew, to form]. Applied to cells 
which form tissue by a metamorphosis of the proto- 
plasm at both the periphery and the center. 

endeictic (en-dik'-tik) [£v, in; Beucvvvai, to show]. 
Symptomatic; serving as an indication. 

endeixis (en-diks'-is) [evSei^is, a pointing out]. 
A symptom, sign, or indication. 

endemic (en-dem'-ik) [iv, in; bfipos, a people]. 
Of a disease, found in a certain place more or less 
constantly. 



ENDEMICITY 



327 



ENDOLARYNGEAL 



endemicity, endemism (en-dem-is'-it-e, en'-dem-izm) 
[kv, in; dijfios, a people]. The quality of being 
endemic. 

endemiology (en-de'-me-ol-o-je) [iv, in; dijp.os, a 
people; \6yos, science]. The science of endemic 
diseases. 

endemoepidemic (en-dem-o-ep-e-dem'-ik). Endem- 
ic, but periodically becoming epidemic. 

endepidermis (end-ep-e-der'-mis) [endo-; epidermis]. 
The inner layer of the epidermis. 

endennic, endermatic (en-der'-mik, en-der-mat'-ik) 
[kv, in; depfia, the skin]. Situated on or applied to 
the true skin; within the skin. e. medication, a 
method of administering medicines through the skin 
after removal of the cuticle by means of a blister. 

endermism (en'-derm-izm). The endermatic ad- 
ministration of remedies. See endermic. 

endennosis (en-der-mo'-sis) [see endermic]. i. A 
method of administering medicines through the 
skin by rubbing. 2. Any herpetic affection of a 
mucosa. 

enderon (en'-der-on) [iv, in; Sepos, skin]. The 
true skin or derm, together with the non-epithelial 
portion of the mucous membrane. 

enderonic (en-der-on'-ik) [iv, in; bkpos, skin]. 
Pertaining to or of the nature of the enderon. 

endexoteric (en-deks-o-ter'-ik) [endo-; i^corepiKos, 
outer]. Due both to internal and external causes. 

end-lobe (end' -lob). The occipital lobe of the 
brain. 

endo- (en-do-) [ivdov, within]. A prefix meaning 
within. 

Endo's medium (en' -do). A culture medium of 
lactose agar with sodium hydroxide, phenolphthalein, 
fuchsin and sodium sulphite; it was recommended 
as an aid in differentiating between B. coli, and 
B. typhosus. 

endoabdominal (en-do-ab-dom'-in-al) . Within the 
abdomen. 

endoaneurysmorrhaphy (en-do-an-u-ris' -mor-af-e) . 
The operation of opening an aneurysmal sac and of 
suturing all openings inside of it. 

endoaortitis (en-do- a-or-ti'-tis). See endaortitis. 

endoappendicitis (en-do-ap-en-dis-i'-tis) [endo- ; 
appendicitis]. Inflammation of the mucosa of the 
vermiform appendix. 

endoarteritis (en-do-ar-ter-i'-tis). See endarteritis. 

endoauscultation (en-do-aws-kul-ta'-shun) [endo- ; 
auscultare, to listen to]. A method of auscultation 
by means of an esophageal tube passed into the 
stomach. 

endoblast (en' -do-blast) [endo-; ffKaarbs, a germ]. 
The cell-nucleus; the internal blastema. 

endoblastic (en-do-blas' -tik) [see endoblast). 1. 
Having an endoblast or nucleus. 2. Pertaining to 
the nucleus. 

endobronchitis (en-do-brong-ki'-tis) [endo-; bron- 
chitis]. Inflammation of the bronchial mucosa. 

endocardiac, endocardial (en-do-kar'-de-ak, -de-al) 
[endocardium]. Situated or arising within the heart. 

endocarditic (en-do-kar-dit'-ik) [endo-; KapSLa, the 
heart]. Pertaining to or affected with endocarditis. 

endocarditis (en-do-kar-di'-tis) [endocardium; wis, 
inflammation]. Inflammation of the endocardium 
or lining membrane of the heart. The condition 
may be acute or chronic. Acute endocarditis is either 
warty or ulcerative, both of these being micro- 
organismal in origin. The most frequent causes of 
the acute form are rheumatism and the infectious 
fevers. The disease usually affects the valves of the 
left side of the heart, and gives rise to a murmur, to 
fever, dyspnea, and rapid pulse. In the ulcerative 
forms the symptoms resemble those of pyemia (hectic 
fever, chills, sweats, embolic processes). Chronic 
or sclerotic endocarditis is either a terminal process 
following the acute forms, or is a primary affection 
beginning insidiously. The latter is usually associ- 
ated with general arteriosclerosis, and is due to gout, 
rheumatism, alcoholism, syphilis, and to. other ob- 
scure causes. Both the acute and the chronic form 
give rise to insufficiency or obstruction of the valvular 
orifice, or to both combined. 

endocardium (en-do-kar'-de-um) [endo-; icapSla, 
the heart]. The serous membrane lining the interior 
of the heart. 

endocarp (en'-do-karp) [endo-; Kapwos, fruit]. 
The inner hard and stony membranous or fleshy 
layer of a pericarp; e. g., the stone of a peach. 

endocervical (en-do-ser'-vik-al) [endo-; cervix, neck]. 
Relating to the inside of the uterine cervix. 



endocervicitis (en-do-ser-vis-i'-tis) [endo-; cervix, 
neck; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the lining 
membrane of the cervix uteri. 

endochondral (en-do-kon'-dral) [endo-; xo^pos, 
cartilage]. Situated within a cartilage. 

endochorion (en-do-ko'-re-on) [endo-; chorion]. 
The inner chorion; the vascular layer of the allantois. 

endochorionic (en-do-ko-re-on'-ik) [endo-; chorion]. 
Relating to the endochorion. 

endochrome (en'-do-krom) [endo-; xp«/*a, color]. 
The coloring-matter, other than green, of the endo- 
plasm of a cell, or that of diatoms or of flowers. 

endochylema (en-do-ki-le'-mah) [endo-; x^Xos, 
juice]. The semi-fluid substance filling the proto- 
plasmic reticulum of a cell. 

endochyme (en'-do-kim) [endo-; x^mos. juice]. 
The formative cell-sap elaborated from the chyme. 

endocolitis (en-do-ko-li'-tis). See colitis. 

endocolpitis (en-do-kol-pi'-tis) [endo-; koKttos, 
vagina]. Same as encolpitis. 

endocomplements (en-do-kom'-ple-ments). A class 
of intracellular complements. 

endocranial (en-do-kra'-ne-aV). 1. Relating to the 
endocranium. 2. See intracranial. 

endocranitis (en-do-kra-ni'-tis) [endo-; upavlov, the 
skull; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the 
endocranium; pachymeningitis externa. 

endocranium (en-do-kra'-ne-um) [endo-; Kpavlov, 
the skull]. 1. The cerebral dura. 2. The inner 
surface of the skull. 

endocrin (en'-do-krin) [endo-; icplveiv, to separate]. 
Any internal secretion. 

endocrinology (en-do-krin-oV -o-je) [endo-; icplveiv, 
to separate; \6yos science]. The study of the endo- 
crinous glands and their secretions; the study of the 
internal secretions. 

endocrinous, endocrinic (en-dok'-rin-us, en-do- 
krin'-ik) [see endocrin]. Pertaining to an internal 
secretion or to a gland producing such a secretion. 
e. glands. 1. Glands producing an internal secretion. 
2. The ductless glands. 

endocritic (en-do-krit'-ik). Same as endocrinic. 

endocular (end-ok'-u-lar). Intraocular. 

endocyma (en-do-si' -mah) [endo-; Kvp.a, a fetus]. 
A form of double monstrosity in which the parasite 
is contained within the body of the autosite. 

endocystitis (en-do-sist-i'-tis). See cystitis. 

endocytic (en-do-sit' -ik) [endo-; kvtos, a cell]. 
Relating to the contents of a cell. 

endoderm (en' -do-derm) [endo-; Sepfia, skin]. The 
inner of the two primitive cell-layers of the embyro. 
It lines the cavity of the primitive intestine and its 
derivatives. Syn., hypoblast. See blastoderm. 

endodermal, endodermic (en-do-derm' -al, -ik). 
Relating to the endoderm; applied to structures 
originating in the lower layers of the derma, as dentin. 

endodermis (en-do-der'-mis) [endo-; bepp,a, skin]. 
The layer of cells surrounding a fibrovascular cylinder. 

endodiascopy (en-do-di-as'-ko-pe) [endo-; 8La, 
through; aicoweZv, to examine]. Exploration by 
means of a Crookes tube introduced into a natural 
body-cavity. _ 

endodontitis (en-do-don-ti'-tis) [endo-; 68ovs, a 
tooth; ms, inflammation]. Inflammation of the 
pulp of a tooth. 

endoenteritis (en-do-en-ter-i'-tis). See enteritis. 

endoesophagitis (en-do-e-sof-aj-i'-tis) [endo-; eso- 
phagitis]. Inflammation of the membrane lining 
the esophagus. 

endoexoteric (en-do-eks-o-ter'-ik) [endo-; ifarepiicos, 
external]. Applied to a disease the origin of which 
is both endopathic and exopathic. 

endogastritis (en-do-gas-tri'-tis) [endo-; gastritis]. 
Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the 
stomach. 

endogenesis, endogeny (en-do- j en' -e-sis, en-doj'- 
en-e) [endo-; yevecris, production]. Growth within; 
endogenous formation. 

endogenous (en-doj'-en-us) [see endogenesis]. Pro- 
duced within. Applied to spore-formation or cell- 
formation inside of a parent-cell. 

endoglobular (en-do-glob' -u-lar) [endo-; globus, a 
ball]. Within the blood-corpuscles. 

endognathion (end-og-na' -the-on) [endo-; yvaBos, 
jaw]. The middle portion of the superior maxilla. 

endogonium (en-do-go' -ne-um) [endo-; ybvos, seed]. 
A gonidium formed inside of a receptacle of parent- 
cell, as in the Saprolegniecz. Mucorini, Vaucheria. 

endolaryngeal (en-do-lar-in'-je-al) [endo-; larynx]. 
Within the larynx. 



ENDOLEMMA 



328 



ENDOTHELIOMYXOMA 



endolemma (en-do-lem'-ah). Synonym of neuri- 
lemma. 

endolymph (en'-do-limf) [endo-; lympha, water]. 
The fluid of the membranous labyrinth of the 
ear. 

endolymphangeal (en-do-lim-fan'-je-al) [endo- ; 
lympha, lymph; kyyelov, vessel]. Situated or belong- 
ing within a lymph-vessel; as an endolymphangeal 
nodule. 

endolymphic (en-do-lim'-fik). Relating to or of 
the nature of endolymph. 

endolysin (en-dol'-is-in) [endo-; lysin]. An intra- 
cellular leukocytic bactericidal substance. 

endomastoiditis (en-do-mas-toid-i'-tis) [endo-; mas- 
toiditis]. Inflammation within the mastoid cavity. 

endometrectomy (en-do-met-rek'-to-me) [endomet- 
rium; enTop.ii, a cutting out]. The extirpation of the 
entire mucosa of the uterus through the abdomen 
and incised uterus. 

endometrial (en-do-me'-tre-al) [endo-; prirpa, the 
womb]. Pertaining to the endometrium; situated 
within the uterus. 

endometritis (en-do-me-tri'-tis) [endometrium; iris, 
inflammation]. Inflammation of the endometrium. 
e., cervical. See endocervicitis. e. dissecans, e., 
dissecting, e. exfoliativa. See dysmenorrhea, mem- 
branous, e. dolorosa, painful spasms or continuous 
pain in the region of the uterus, believed to be due 
to an inflammatory lesion of the uterine mucosa 
localized in the fundus at the internal orifice and 
opening of the tubes, e., fungous, that in which 
the lining membrane is hypertrophied, with the 
formation of vascular granulations. Syn., hemor- 
rhagic endometritis, e., hemorrhagic. See e., 
fungous, e., simple, a catarrhal inflammation of the 
endometrium. 

endometrium (en-do-me'-tre-um) [endo-; pvrpa, 
uterus]. The mucous membrane lining the uterus. 

endometry (en-dom'-et-re) [endo-; pkrpov, measure]. 
The measurement of the interior of an organ or cavity, 
as of the cranium. 

endometrorrhagia (en-do-met-ro-raj'-e-ah). See 
metrorrhagia. 

endomyocarditis (en-do~mi-o-kar-di'-tis) [endo- ; 
nvs, muscle; Kapbia, heart; ins, inflammation]. 
Inflammation of both endocardium and myocardium. 

endomysial (en-do-miz'-e-al) [endo-; pvs, muscle]. 
Pertaining to or of the nature of endomysium. 

endomysium (en-do-miz'-e-um) [endo-; pvs, muscle]. 
The connective tissue between the fibrils of a muscu- 
lar bundle. 

endonephritis (en-do-nef-ri'-tis) [endo-; ve<j>pbs, 
kidney; ms, inflammation]. Synonym of pyelitis. 

endoneural (en-do-nu'-ral) [endo-; vevpov, nerve]. 
Relating to or situated within the interior of a nerve 

endoneurial (en-do-nu'-re-al) [endo-; vevpov, a 
nerve]. Relating to the endoneurium. 

endoneuritis (en-do-nu-ri'-tis). Inflammation of 
the endoneurium. 

endoneurium (en-do-nu'-re-um) [endo-; vevpov, a 
nerve]. The delicate connective tissue holding to- 
gether the fibrils of a bundle of nerves. 

endoparasite (en-do-par'-as-lt) [endo-; irapao-nos, 
parasite]. A parasite living within its host. 

endoparasitic (en-do-par-as-it'-ik). Of the nature 
of an endoparasite. 

endopathic (en-do-path' -ik) [endo-; iraBos, disease]. 
Pertaining to the origin of disease from conditions 
or causes not derived from without. See exopathic. 

endopathy (en-dop '-ath-e) [endo-; iraBos, disease]. 
Any disease arising within the body. 

endoperiarteritis (en-do-per-e-ar-ter-i'-tis). Endar- 
teritis combined with periarteritis. 

endopericarditis (en-do-per-ik-ar-di'-tis) [endo- ; 
vtpi, around; Kapbia, the heart; ins, inflammation]. 
Inflammation of both endocardium and pericardium. 

endoperimyocarditis (en-do-per-e-mi-o-kar-di '-tis) 
[endo-; irepi, around; pvs, muscle; Kapbia, heart; ins, 
inflammation]. Inflammation of endocardium, peri- 
cardium, and myocardium. 

endoperineuritis (en-do-per-e-nu-ri'-tis) [endo- ; 
irepi, around; vevpov, a nerve; ins, inflammation]. 
Inflammation of both endoneurium and perineurium. 

endoperitonitis (en-do-per-it-on-i'-tis) [endo-; peri 
tonitis]. Synonym of peritonitis. 

endophlebitis (en do-fle-bi'-tis) [endo-; phlebitis]. 
Inflammation of the inner coat of a vein. 

endophyte (en'-do-fit) [endo-; <j>vrbv, a plant]. 
Same as entophyle. 

endoplasm (en'-do-plazm) [endo-; ir\a<rpa, a thing 



formed]. The inner granular protoplasm of a 
protozoan or of a histologic cell. 

endoplast (en'-do-plast) [endo-; ir\aarbs, formed]. 
In biology, the nuclear body of a protozoan; the 
homologue of the nucleus of a histologic cell. (Hux- 
ley.) 

endoplastule (en-do-plas' -tfd) [endo-; irXao-rbs, 
formed]. In biology, a small oval or rounded body, 
often found attached to the endoplast of a protozoan; 
the homologue of the nucleolus of a histologic cell. 
Cf. entoblast. 

endorhinitis (en-do-ri-ni'-tis) [endo-; rhinitis]. 
Inflammation of the membrane lining the nasal 



endosalpmgitis(en-do-sal-pin-ji'-tis) [endo-; aaKinyZ, 
trumpet, tube;, ins, inflammation]. Inflammation 
of the lining membrane of a Fallopian tube. 

endosarc (en'-do-sark) [endo-; aapt, flesh]. The 
inner protoplasm of a protozoan. 

endoscope (en'-do-skop) [endo-; o-Koirelv, to ob- 
serve]. An instrument for the examination of a 
body-cavity through its natural outlet. 

endoscopy (en-dos'-ko-pe) [endo-; o-noirelv, to 
observe]. The practice or process of using the 
endoscope. The examination of cavities or organs 
within the body by means of an endoscope. 

endosepsis (en-do-sep'-sis) [endo-; arj^/is, decay]. 
Septicemia arising within the body. 

endoskeleton (en-do-skel'-et-on) [endo-; aKeXerbv, 
a dry body]. The internal supporting structure of 
an animal. 

endosmic (en-dos'-mik). Relating to endosmosis. 

endosmometer (en-dos-mom' -et-er) [endosmosis ; 
pkrpov, a measure]. An instrument for measuring 
endosmosis. 

endosmose (en'-dos-mos). Same as endosmosis. 

endosmosis (en-dos-mo'-sis) [endo-; uapbs, im- 
pulsion]. The passage of a liquid through a porous 
septum from without inward. 

endosmotic (en-dos-mot'-ik) [see endosmosis]. Per- 
taining to endosmosis. e. equivalent, the weight of 
distilled water that passes into the flask of the 
endosmometer in exchange for a known weight of the 
soluble substance. 

endosperm (en' -do-sperm) [endo-; aireppa, seed]. 
In biology, the albumin of a seed. 

endospore (en'-do-spor) [endo-; o-n-bpos, seed], 
i. A spore formed within the parent-cell. 2. The 
inner coat of a spore. 

endosteal (end-os'-te-al) [endo-; bar'eov, a bone]. 
Relating to endosteum. 

endosteitis (end-os-te-i'-tis) [endo-; bar'eov, a bone; 
ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the endosteum. 

endosteoma, endostoma (end-os-te-o'-mah, end-os- 
to'-mah) [endo-; bareov, bone: pi., endostomata]. 
A bony tumor within a bone, or in a cavity surrounded 
by bone. 

endostethoscope (en-do-steth'-o-skop) [endo-; stetho- 
scope]. A form of stethoscope for auscultation 
through the esophagus. 

endosteum (end-os'-te-um) [endo-; barkov, bone]. 
The vascular membranous layer of connective 
tissue lining the medullary cavity of bones. 

endostosis (end-os-to'-sis) [endo-; bar'eov, bone: 
pi., endostoses]. Ossification of a cartilage. 

endothelial (en-do-the'-le-al) [endothelium]. Per- 
taining to endothelium. 

endothelioid (en-do-the'-le-oid) [endothelium; elbos, 
form]. Resembling endothelium. 

endothelioinoma (en-do-the-le-o-in-o'-mah) [endo- 
thelium; Is, a fiber; bpa, a tumor: pi., endothelioino- 
mata]. A malignant inoma or fibroma of endothelial 
origin. 

endothelioleiomyoma (en-do-the-le-o-li-o-mi-o'-mah) 
[endothelium; Xelos, smooth; pvs, muscle; qpa, tumor: 
pi., endothelioleiomyomata]. Endothelial and malig- 
nant leiomyoma; myosarcoma. 

endotheliolysin (en-do-the-le-oV -is-in) [endothe- 
lium; Xixris, a loosing]. A cytotoxin endowed with 
the capacity of dissolving endothelial cells. Syn., 
hemorrhagin. 

endothelioma (en-do-the-le-o'-mah) [endothelium ; 
bpa, a tumor]. A variety of sarcoma formed by 
the multiplication of the endothelial cells of lym- 
phatic spaces. 

endotheliomyoma (en-do-the-le-o-mi-o'-mah). , A 
myoma springing from endothelium. 

endotheliomyxoma (en-do-the-le-o-miks-o'-mah) [en- 
dothelium; pv£a, mucus; bpa, a tumor; pi., endo- 
theliomyxomata]. Endothelial and malignant myxoma. 



ENDOTHELIORHABDOMYOMA 



329 



ENTAL 



endotheliorhabdomyoma (en-do-the'-le-o-rab-do-mi- 
o'-mah) [endothelium; pafiSos, a rod; nvs, muscle; 
Sua, a tumor: pi., endotheliorhabdomyomata]. Endo- 
thelial and malignant rhabdomyoma. 

endotheliotoxin {en-do-the-le-o-toks' -in) . See endo- 
theliolysin. 

endothelium (en-do-the'-le-um) [endo-; 077X17, a 
nipple]. The lining membrane of serous, synovial, 
and other internal surfaces, e., subepithelial. See 
Debove's membrane, e., vascular, that lining the 
heart-cavities, the blood-vessels, and lymph-vessels. 

endothermic (en-do-ther'-mik) [endo-; Oepurj, heat]. 
Relating to the absorption of heat. e. substances, 
or compounds, those of which the formation is 
attended with an absorption of heat. 

endothoracic (en-do-tho-ras'-ik) [endo-; thorax]. 
Situated or occurring within the thorax. 

endothyropexy, endothyreopexy (en-do-thi' -ro-pek- 
se, en-do-ihi' -re-o-pek-se) . The operation of separating 
the thyroid from the trachea, and fixing it to one 
side. 

endotin (en' -do-tin) . A preparation of tuberculin, 
said to be pure. 

endotome (en'-do-tom) [endo-; rkfiveLv, to cut]. 
Strong shears used in decapitation of the fetus. 

endotoscope (en-do' -to-skop) [endo-; ous, the ear; 
crKoirelp, to view]. An apparatus designed for 
examination of the ear and for rendering visible the 
movements of the tympanum. 

endotoxin (en-do-toks'-in) [endo-; to^ikov, a poison]. 
A toxin found within the organism. 

endotracheitis (en-do-trak-e-i'-tis) [endo- ; tracheitis]. 
Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the 
trachea. 

endotrachelitis (en-do-trak-el-i'-tis). See endo- 
cervicitis. 

endotrypsin (en-do-trip' -sin) [endo-; trypsin]. A 
digestive ferment resembling trypsin in its action; 
it is derived from yeasts. 

endovascular (en-do-vas'-ku-lar) . See intravascular. 

endovasculitis (en-do-vas-ku-li'-tis). See endan- 
geitis. 

endovenous (en-do-ve'-nus). See intravenous. 
e. medication, the introduction of medicaments in 
solution into the veins. 

end-plate (end' -plat). A flattened disc at the 
ending of a motor nerve fiber in muscular tissue. 

endyma (en'-dim-ah) [evdvfia, garment]. The 
ependyma, or lining epithelial membrane of the 
ventricles of the brain, and of the cavity of the 
spinal cord. 

endymal (en'-dim-al). Relating to the endyma. 

enecation (en-ek-a' -shun) [e, out; necare, to kill]. 
Destruction of life; complete exhaustion. 

enechema (en-ek-e'-mah) [iv, in; vxvv">-> sound, 
ringing]. Tinnitus aurium. 

enecia (e-ne'-she-ah) [fivers, continuous]. A 
continuous fever. 

enema (en'-em-ah) [iv, in; levai, to send: pi., 
enemata]. A rectal injection for therapeutic or 
nutritive purposes. See alimentation, rectal, and 
clyster. 

enemose (en'-em-os) [enema]. Trade name of a 
preparation especially designed for colonic alimenta- 
tion; it is a concentrated fluid made ready for use 
by simple dilution. 

enepidermatic, enepidermic (en-ep-e-der-mat'-ik, 
-der'-mik) [iv, in; iiriSepnis, the epidermis]. Per- 
taining to the treatment of disease by application to 
the skin. 

energid (en-er'-jid) [ivepyelv, to execute]. Sachs' 
term for the cell -nucleus and the cytoplasm lying 
within its sphere of influence. 

energin (en-ur'-jin). An artificial food prepared 
from protein. 

energometer (en-er-gom'-et-er) [energy; ukrpov, 
measure]. An apparatus for measuring blood 
pressure. 

energy (en'-er-je) [iv, in; Ipyov, work]. The 
capacity for doing work. All forms of energy are 
mutually convertible one into the other, without 
loss, a principle expressed in the term "conservation 
of energy." e., kinetic, the power of a body in 
motion, e., latent, e., potential, the power possessed 
by a body at rest, by virtue of its position, as the 
potential energy of a suspended weight. 

enervate (en'-er-vate) [enervere, weakness]. To 
weaken. 

enervation (en-er-va'-shun) [enervatio, weakness]. 
1. Weakness; lassitude; languor from lack of nerve- 



stimulus; neurasthenia; the reduction of the strength. 
2. The removal of a section of a. nerve. 

enesol (en'-e-sol). Mercury salicylarsenate; an 
antisyphilitic remedy. 

engastrius (en-gas' -tre-us) [iv, in; yaarrip, belly]. 
A monstrosity in which one fetus is included within 
the peritoneal cavity of another. 

Engelmann's intermediate disc (eng'-el-mahn) 
[Theodor Wilhelm Engelmann, German physiologist, 
1843- ]. See Krause's membrane. E.'s lateral 
disc, the narrow zone of transparent homogeneous 
substance on each side of Krause's membrane. 

English disease. Synonym of rhachitis. E. 
sweating fever. A contagious fever of the sixteenth 
century. 

englobing (en-glo'-bing) [iv, in; globus, a globe]. 
The taking in of an object by a monad, ameba, or 
phagocyte. 

engomphosis (en-gom-fo'-sis) [iv, in; y6n<pos, nail]. 
Gomphosis, q. v. 

engonus (en'-gon-us) [iv, in; Ttwac, to produce]. 
1. Native. 2. Offspring. 

engorged (en-gorjd') [see engorgement]. Congested. 
e. papilla. Choked disc; see papillitis. 

engorgement (en-gorj'-ment) [Fr., engorgement, a 
choking up]. Overdistention of the vessels of a 
part with blood. 

enhematospores (en-hem -at-o-spors) [iv, in; alfia, 
blood; airopos, a spore]. Ray Lankester's name for 
the first spores of the malarial parasite produced 
within the human body. 

enhemospore (en-hem' -o-sp or) . Same as enhemato- 
spore. 

enkatarrhaphy (en-kat-ar'-af-e) [iynaTappairTeiv, 
to sew in]. The method of sewing the two sides of a 
furrow together to bury an epithelial structure. 

enneurosis (en-u-ro'-sis) [iv, in; vevpov, a nerve]. 
Innervation. 

enomania (e-no-ma' -ne-ah) [olvos, wine; fiavia, 
madness]. Excessive use of or desire for intoxicating 
liquors; insanity due to intoxication. Also, delirium 
tremens. 

enophthalmia (en-off-thaV -me-ah) [iv, in; 6<f>9a\fi6s, 
eye]. Retraction of the eyeball in the orbit. 

enophthalmin (en-of-thal'-min) . Oxytoluylmethyl- 
vinyldiacetonalkamine hydrochloride. A substance 
clsoely allied to eucaine; it is used as a mydriatic in 
2 to s % solution. 

enophthalmos (en-of-thal'-mos) [iv, in; 6<t>6a\nbs, 
the eye]. Recession of the eyeball into the orbit. 

enorchismus (en-or-kis'-mus). See cryptorchidism. 

enorganic (en-or-gan'-ik) . Referring to that which 
is inherent in an organism. 

enosimania (en-os-e-ma' -ne-ah) [ivo<ns, trembling; 
fiavia, madness]. Insanity marked by terror, the 
patient expecting for himself the most dreadful visita- 
tions. 

enostosis (en-os-to'-sis) [iv, inj oarkov, bone]. 
A tumor or bony outgrowth within the medullary 
canal of a bone. 

ens (enz') [esse, to be]. An entity; an inherent 
quality or power, e. morbi, the pathology of a 
disease considered apart from its etiology. 

ensellure (ahn-sel-yur') [Fr.]. The strongly 
marked curve of the dorsolumbosacral region; saddle- 
back. It is especially marked among Spanish 
women. 

ensiform (en'-sif-orm) [ensis, a sword; forma, 
form]. Shaped like a sword, e. appendix, e. 
cartilage, the cartilaginous process at the lower 
extremity of the sternum. 

ensisternal (en-sis-ter'-nal). Pertaining to the 
ensisternum. 

ensisternum (en-sis-ter'-num) [ensis, sword; ster- 
num]. The xiphisternum or ensiform cartilage. 

ensomphalic (en-som-fal'-ik). Pertaining to an 
ensomphalus. 

ensomphalus (en-som'-fal-us) [iv, in; au^a, body; 
6/MJ>a\6s, navel]. A double monstrosity with prac- 
tically complete and functionating organs, but 
united with a more or less superficial bond. 

enstrophe (en'-stro-fe) [iv, in; orpk<j>u.v, to turn]. 
Inversion, as of the margin of an eyelid. 

entacoustic (ent-ak-oos'-lik) [entos; aicoveiv, to 
hear]. Applied to subjective auditory sensations 
having their origin within the ear or in its vicinity. 

entad (en' -tad) [see ental]. From without inward; 
toward a center; the opposite of ectad. 

ental (en'-tal) [ivros, within]. A surface, aspect, 
or structure farther from the periphery or nearer the 



ENTALLANTOIC 



330 



ENTEROHEPATITIS 



center than that with which it is contrasted; the 
opposite of ectal. 

entallantoic (ent-'al-an-to'-ik) [ento-; allantois]. 
Located within the allantoic sac. 

entamniotic (ent-am-ne-ot'-ik) [ento-; amnion]. 
Located within the folds of the manion. 

Entamoeba, Entameba (ent-am-e'-bah). A genus 
of amoeba, including the species that are internal 
parasites. See ameba. 

entasia, entasis (en-ta'-se-ah, en'-tas-is) [Ivraois, 
a straining]. A generic term for spasmodic muscular 
action; tonic spasm. 

entatic {en-tat' -ik) [entasis]. Causing spasm or 
strain; aphrodisiac. 

entecephalic (ent-en-sef-aV -ik) [entos; encephalon]. 
Applied to sensations having origin within the brain 
and not in the external world. 

entepicondylar (ent-ep-e-kon'-dil-ar) [entos; epi- 
condyle]. Located at the inner aspect of the epi- 
condyle. 

entepicondyle (ent-ep-e-kon'-dil) [entos; epicondyle]. 
Owen's name for the internal condyle of the humerus. 

enteque (ahn-ta'-ka) [Ft.]. A curious disease of 
South American animals marked by the occurrence 
of hard spines of bone in the lungs. 

entera (en'-ter-ah). Plural of enteron, q. v. 

enteraden (ent-er' -ad-en) [entero-; adi)v, a gland; 
pi., enteradenes]. Any gland of the intestinal tract. 

enteradenitis (en-ter-ad-en-i'-tis) [enteraden; ins, 
inflammation]. Inflammation of the intestinal 
glands. 

enteradenography (en-ter-ad-en-og'-ra-fe) [enter- 
aden; ypcupeiv, to write]. A treatise on the intestinal 
glands. 

enteradenology (en-ter-ad-en-oV -o-je) [enteraden ; 
X670S, science]. The anatomy, physiology, and 
pathology of the intestinal glands. 

enteragra (en-ter-a'-grah) [entero-; ay pa, seizure]. 
Gout in the intestine. 

enteral {en'-ter-al) [Zvrepov, intestine]. Intestinal. 
See parenteral. 

enteralgia (en-ter-al'-je-ah) [entero-; &X70S, pain]. 
Pain in the bowels. 

enterangiemphraxis {en-ter-an-je-em-fraks'-is) [en- 
tero-; ayyelov, a vessel; en<j>pa£is, a stoppage]. 
Obstruction of the blood-vessels of the intestine. 

enteratrophia (en-ter-at-ro'-fe-ah) [entero-; atrophy]. 
Intestinal atrophy. 

enterauxe (en-ter-awks'-e) [entero-; av^rj, growth]. 
Hypertrophy of the muscles of the intestinal wall. 

enterectasis (en-ter-ek' -las-is) [entero-; iKraais, 
dilatation]. Dilatation of some part of the small 
intestine. 

enterectomy (en-ter-ek'-to-me) [entero-; eKToprj, 
excision]. Excision of a part of the intestine. 

enterelcosis (en-ter-el-ko'-sis) [entero-; e\i<o)(ns, 
ulceration]. Ulceration of the bowel. 

enterembole (en-ter-em'-bo-le) [entero-; ip.@o\ri, 
insertion]. Intussusception of the intestine. 

enteremia (en-ter-e'-me-ah) [entero-; alpa, blood]. 
Intestinal congestion. 

enteremphraxis (en-ter-em-fraks'-is) [entero-; ep- 
<ppa£is, a stoppage]. Intestinal obstruction. 

enterepiplocele (en-ter-ep-ip'-lo-sel) [entero-; eiri- 
ir\ocv, caul; Krp\rj, hernia]. Hernia in which both 
bowel and omentum are involved. 

enterepiplomphalocele (en-ter-ep-ip-lom-fal'-o-sel) 
[entero-; iiriirKoov, caul; 6p<pa\6s, navel; K17X77, hernia]. 
Umbilical hernia, with protrusion of the omentum. 

enteric (en-ter'-ik) [evrepov, intestine]. Pertaining 
to the intestine, e. fever, typhoid fever. 

entericoid (en-ter'-ik-oyd) [enteric; eldos, resem- 
blance]. Resembling typhoid fever, e. fever, a 
fever which resembles typhoid fever but is neither 
typhoid nor paratyphoid. 

enteritic (en-ter-it'-ik) [entero-; irw, inflammation]. 
Relating to enteritis. 

enteritis (en-ter-i'-tis) [entero-; tr«, inflammation]. 
Inflammation of the intestine, e., chronic cystic, 
that characterized by the formation of cystic dilata- 
tions of the intestinal glands due to stenosis of the 
mouths of the gland, e., diphtheritic, e. diphtheritica, 
a form in which the mucosa is covered by a flaky, 
whitish-gray deposit, e. nodularis, that charac- 
terized by hyperplastic enlargement of the lymph- 
nodules, e., phlegmonous, a secondary phenomenon 
due to other intestinal diseases, particularly carci- 
noma, ulcers of tuberculous, dysenteric, and em- 
bolic origin, and occasionally to strangulated hernia 
and intussusception, e. polyposa, that charac- 



terized by polypoid growths in the intestine resulting 
from proliferation of the connective tissue, e., 
pseudomembranous, a nonfebrile affection of the 
intestinal mucous membrane marked by periodic 
formation of viscous, shreddy, or tubular exudates, 
composed chiefly of mucin. 

entero- (en-ter'-o-) [evrepov, intestine]. A prefix 
denoting relation to the intestine. 

enteroanastomosis (en-te-ro-an-as-to-mo'-sis). In- 
testinal anastomosis. 

enteroapokleisis (en-ter-o-ap-o-kli'-sis) [entero- ; 
aironXeiais, a shutting off]. The surgical exclusion 
of a portion of the intestine. 

enterobrosis (en-ter-o-bro'-sis) [entero-; /8p«<ns, an 
eating]. Perforation or ulceration of the intestine. 

enterocele (en'-ter-o-sel) [entero-; K17X77, hernia]. 
A hernia containing a loop of intestine. 

enteroceliac, enterocoeliac (en-ter-o-se'-le-ak). Re- 
lating to the abdominal cavity. 

enterocentesis (en-ter-o-sen-te'-sis) [entero-; Kkvrr\- 
vis, puncture]. Surgical puncture of the intestine. 

enteroceptive impulses (en'-ter-o-sep-tiv) [entero-; 
capere, to take]. Afferent nerve impulses which 
derive their stimulation from internal organs. 

enterochirurgia (en-ter-o-ki-rur'-je-ah) [entero- ; 
xetpovpyia, surgery]. Intestinal surgery. 

enterocholecystostomy (en-ler-o-ko-le-sis-tos'-to-me) . 
Same as cholecystenterostomy. 

enterocholecystotomy (en-ter-o-ko-le-sis-tot'-o-me) . 
Same as cholecystenterotomy. 

enterocleisis (en-ter-o-kli'-sis) [entero-; /cXeuus, 
a closing]. Occulusion of the bowel. 

enteroclysis (en-ter-ok'-lis-is) [entero-; kKvo-is, a 
drenching]. Injection of a large quantity of fluid 
into the rectum to reach the small intestine; a high 
enema. 

enteroclysm (en'-ter-o-klizm) [entero-; nXva-pa, a 
clyster]. 1. A rectal injection. 2. A syringe. 

enteroclyster (en-ter-o-klis'-ter) [entero-; clyster].* 
A rectal clyster or enema. 

enteroccele (en'-ter-o-sel) [entero-; KoiXia, a cavity]. 
The abdominal cavity. 

enterocolitis (en-ter-o-ko-li'-tis) [entero-; colitis]. 
Inflammation of the small intestine and of the colon. 

enterocolostomy (en-ter-o-ko-los'-to-me) [entero- ; 
colostomy]. Operation for the formation of a com- 
munication between the small intestine and colon. 

enteroconiosis, enterokoniosis (en-ter-o-ko-ne-o'- 
sis) [entero-; novla, dust]. Any gastrointestinal 
affection due to dust. 

enterocyst (en-ter'-o-sist). An intestinal cyst. 

enterocystocele (en-ter-o-sis'-to-sel) [entero-; avaris, 
bladder; K17X17, tumor]. Hernia involving the 
urinary bladder and the intestine. 

enterocystoma (en-ter-o-sist-o'-mah) [entero-; cysto- 
ma], A cystic tumor formed by the persistence of a 
part of the vitelline duct, opening neither externally 
nor into the intestinal canal. 

enterocystoscheocele (en-ter-o-sist-os'-ke-o-sel) [en- 
tero-; kvo-tis, a bladder; oaxtov, the scrotum; /C17X77, 
hernia]. A hernia of the scrotum containing both 
intestine and bladder. 

enterodialysis (en-ter-o-di-al'-is-is) [entero-; dialy- 
sis]. Complete division of an intestine by injury. 

enterodynia (en-ter-o-din'-e-ah) [entero-; SSvvri, 
pain]. Pain referred to the intestines. 

enteroenterostomy (en-ter-o-en-ter-os'-to-me) [en- 
tero-; enterostomy]. The surgical formation of a 
fistula between two intestinal loops. 

enteroepiplocele (en-ter-o-e-pip'-lo-sel). See enter- 
epiplocele. 

enterogastritis (en-ter-o-gas-tri'-tis) [entero-; gas- 
tritis]. Inflammation of the stomach and intestine. 

enterogastrocele (en-ter-o-gas'-tro-sel) [entero-; ya<r- 
ttip, belly; /C17X77, tumor]. A hernia containing 1 the 
gastric and intestinal walls; abdominal hernia. 

enterogenetic, enterogenous (en-ter-o-jen-et'-ik, 
en-ter-oj'-en-us) [entero-; ytwav, to produce]. Ori- 
ginating in the intestine. 

enterograph (en'-ter-o-graf) [entero-; ypafeiv, to 
write]. A myograph arranged for measuring the 
movements of the intestine. 

enterography (en-ter-og'-ra-fe) [entero-; ypafciv, to 
write]. A treatise on or a description of the intes- 
tines. 

enterohemorrhage (en-ter-o-hem'-or-aj) [entero-; 
hemorrhage]. Intestinal hemorrhage. 

enterohepatitis (en-ter-o-hep-at-i'-tis) [entero-; hepa- 
titis]. Combined inflammation of the intestines and 
liver. 



ENTEROHYDROCELE 



331 



ENTOCELE 



enterohydrocele (en-ter-o-hi'-dro-sel) [entero-; hy- 
drocele]. Hydrocele complicated with intestinal 
hernia. 

enterokinase (en-ter-o-kin'-ds) [entero-; kluIlu, to 
move]. Pawlow's name for an enzyme of the succus 
entericus which awakens proteolytic action by 
converting trypsinogen into trypsin. 

enterokinesia (en-ter-o-kin-e'-se-ah) [entero-; Ktvelu, 
to move]. The motor function of the bowels, peri- 
stalsis. 

enterokinetic (en-ter-o-kin-et'-ik). An agent hav- 
ing an action upon the intestinal movements. 

enterol (en'-ter-ol). A mixture of cresols used as 
an intestinal antiseptic. Dose 15-75 SX- U - 5 Gm.) 
of a solution of 0.02 Gm. in 100 Cc. of water, daily. 

enterolith (en'-ter-o-lith) [entero-; XWos, a stone]. 
A concretion formed in the intestine. 

enterolithiasis (en-ter-o-lith-i'-as-is) [entero-; lithi- 
asis]. The formation of intestinal calculi. 

enterologist (en-ter-ol'-o-jist) [entero-; Xoyos, sci- 
ence]. One who concerns himself with the study of 
the intestines and their disorders. 

enterology (en-ter-ol'-o-je) [entero-; Xoyos, science]. 
The science of the intestinal viscera; the anatomy, 
physiology, pathology, and hygiene of the intestines. 

enteromalacia {en-ter-o-mal-a' -se-ah) [entero-; na- 
Xajcia, softness]. Pathological softening of the bowel- 
walls. 

enteromenia (en-ter-o-me'-ne-ah) [entero-; niju, 
month]. Vicarious menstruation by the bowel. 

enteromere (en-ter'-o-mer) [entero-; p-epos, a part]. 
One of the primitive transverse divisions of the 
embryonic alimentary tract. 

enteromerocele {en-ter-o-me' -ro-sel) [entero-; p.vp6s, 
thigh; K77X7?, hernia]. Femoral hernia involving the 
intestine. 

enteromesenteric (en-ter-o-mes-en-ter'-ik) [entero- ; 
mesentery]. Pertaining to the intestine and the 
mesentery, e. fever, typhoid fever. 

enterometer {en-ter-om' -et-er) [entero-; p.krpov, a 
measure]. An instrument to measure the lumen of 
the small intestine. 

enteromphalus (en-ter-om'-fal-us) [entero-; 6p.cj>aXos, 
the navel]. An umbilical hernia of intestine. 

enteromycosis (en-ter-o-mi-ko'-sis) [entero-; my- 
cosis]. Intestinal mycosis. 

enteromyiasis {en-ter-o-mi-i' -as-is) [entero-; p.vla, 
a fly]. Intestinal disease due to the presence of the 
larva? of flies. 

enteron (en'-ter-on) [eurepou, intestine: pi., enter a]. 
1. The intestinal or alimentary canal, exclusive of 
these parts that are of ectodermal origin. 2. The 
intestine. 

enteroncus (en-ler-ong'-kus) [entero-; 67x0s, mass]. 
A tumor of the bowel. 

enteroparalysis (en-ter-o-par-al'-is-is) [entero-; par- 
alysis]. Paralysis of the intestine. 

enteropathy (en-ter-op'-ath-e) [entero-; irados, dis- 
ease]. Anydisease of the intestine. 

enteropexia (en-ter-o-peks'-e-ah) [entero-; irhtis, 
fixation]. Fixation of a portion of the intestine to 
the abdominal wall, for the relief of enteroptosis, 
splanchnoptosis, etc. 

enteropexy (en-ter-o-peks'-e) . See enteropexia. 

enterophthisis (en-ter-off'-lhis-is) [entero-; (pdiais, 
wasting]. Intestinal tuberculosis. 

enteroplastic (en-ter-o-plas'-tik) [entero-; wXaarucos , 
formed]. Pertaining to enteroplasty. 

enteroplasty (en'-ter-o-plas-te) [entero-; irXao-aeiu, 
to form]. A plastic operation upon the intestine. 

enteroplegia (en-ter-o-ple'-je-ah) [entero-; irX-qyri, a 
stroke]. Paralysis of the bowels. 

enteroplex (en-ter-o-pleks') [entero-; irXi£eiu, to 
interlace]. See enter oplexia. 

enteroplexia, enteroplexy {en-ter-o-pleks' -e-ah, en'- 
ter-o-pleks-e) [entero-; irXk^eiu, to interlace]. A 
method of treatment of wounds of the intestine in 
which union of the bowel is obtained by different 
means, but particularly by an apparatus, the entero- 
plex, without the use of needle and thread. The 
enteroplex is formed of two aluminum rings so con- 
structed that they will fit the one into the other. 
These are inserted into the cut ends of the bowel, 
and then the two are pressed together, the intestinal 
walls being brought into apposition. 

enteroproctia (en-ter-o-prok'-she-ah) [entero-; irpwK- 
rbs, anus]. The existence of an artificial anus, 
or of an opening into the bowel for fecal discharge. 

enteroptosis (en-ter-op-to'-sis) [entero-; vrwais, a 
fall]. Prolapse of the intestine. See Stiller's sign. 



e., Landau's form of, that due to relaxation of the 
abdominal walls and pelvic floor. 

entero pyra (en-ter-o-pi'-rah) [entero-; irtip, a fire]. 
1. Enteritis. 2. Typhoid fever, e. asiatica, cholera. 
e. biliosa, bilious fever. 

enterorose (en'-ter-or-os). A dietetic recommended 
in gastrointestinal catarrh; a yellow powder miscible 
with water. Dose 2 dr. (8 Gm.) severa ltimes daily. 

enterorrhagia (en-ter-or-aj'-e-ah) [entero-; prjyvvuai, 
to burst forth]. Intestinal hemorrhage. 

enterorrhaphy (en-ter-or'-a-fe) [entero- ; pa<pri, su- 
ture]. Suture of the intestine, e., circular, the 
suturing of a completely divided intestine. 

enterorrhea (en-ter-or-e'-ah) [entero-; pbia, a flow]. 
Diarrhea. 

enterorrheuma (en-ter-or-ru'-mah) [entero-; pevp.a, 
a flowing]. Intestinal rheumatism. 

enterorrhexis (en-ter-or-eks'-is) [entero-; pv£is, 
rupture]. Rupture of the bowel. 

enterosarcocele (en-ter-o-sar'-ko-sel) [entero-; o-dp£, 
flesh; /07X77, a hernia]. Intestinal hernia with sarco- 
cele. 

enterosarcoma (en-ter-o-sar-ko-mah) [entero-; sar- 
coma]. Sarcoma of the intestine. 

enteroscheocele (en-ter-os' '-ke-o-sel) [entero-; oaxeo", 
scrotum; K17X77, hernia]. A scrotal hernia containing 
intestine. 

enteroscope (en'-ter-o-skop) [entero- ; aKoirelu, to 
examine]. An instrument for examining the inside 
of the intestine by means of electric light. 

enterosepsis (en-ter-o-sep'-sis) [entero-; sepsis]. 
Intestinal toxemia or sepsis. 

enterosis (en-ter-o'-sis) [entero-; uixros, disease: pi., 
enteroses]. Any intestinal disease. 

enterospasm (en'-ter-o-spazm) [entero-; o-irao-p6s, 
spasm]. Spasmodic colic. 

enterostenosis (en-ter-o-ste-no'-sis) [entero-; ar'e- 
uwais, contraction]. Stricture or narrowing of the 
intestinal canal. 

enterostomy (en-ter-os' -to-me) [entero-; o-rbp.a, 
mouth]. The formation of an artificial opening into 
the intestine through the abdominal wall. 

enterotome (en'-ter-o-tom) [entero-; rkpuetu, to 
cut]. An instrument for cutting open the intestine. 

enterotomy (en-ter-of -o-me) [see enterotome]. In- 
cision of the intestine. 

enterotoxism (en-ter-o-toks'-izm) [entero-; to^kov, 
poison]. A pathological condition due to the action 
of microorganisms on food-materials contained in 
the intestine. 

enterotyphus (en-ter-o-ti'-fus) [entero-; typhus]. 
Typhoid fever. 

enterovaginal (en-ier-o-vaj'-in-al) . Intestino vagi- 
nal ; relating to the intestines and the vagina. 

enterozoon (en-ter-o-zo'-on) [entero-; S&ov, an 
animal; pi., enter ozoa]. An animal parasite of the 
intestine. 

enteruria (en-ter-u'-re-ah) [entero-; ovpov, urine]. 
The vicarious occurrence of urinary constituents in 
the intestine. 

enthelioma (en-the-le-o'-mah) [euros, within; 1\kos 
an ulcur; by.a, a tumor]. A comprehensive term 
including papilloma and adenoma. 

enthelrninth (en-thel'-minth) [£vt6s, within; IX/xtvs, 
a worm]. A parasitic intestinal worm. 

entheomania {en-the-o-ma' -ne-ah) [evdeos, in- 
spired; p.avla, madness]. Mania in which the 
patient believes himself to be inspired; religious, 
insanity. 

enthesis (en'-thes-is) [iv, in; riBkvai, to place]. 
The employment of non-living material to take- the 
place of lost tissue. 

enthetic (en-thet'-ik) [ivrtdhai, to put in]. Intro- 
duced; coming from without; applied especially to 
syphilitic and other specific contagious diseases. 
Exogenous. 

enthlasis (en'-thla-sis) [evd\av, to indent]. A 
depressed, comminuted fracture of the skull. 

entiris (en-ti'-ris) [euros, within; iris]. The 
uvea of the iris, forming its inner and pigmentary 
layer. 

ento- (en-to-) [euros, within]. A prefix denoting 
within, inside, inner, internal. 

entoblast (en'-to-blast) [ento-; pXaaros, a bud, 
germ]. The nucleolus or germinal spot. Endoblast. 

entoccipital (ent-ok-sip'-it-al) [ento-; occiput]. 
Situated entad of the occipital gyrus or fissure. 

entocele (en'-to-sel) [ento-; /C17A7/, hernia]. In- 
ternal hernia (as through the diaphragm); ectopia; 
morbid displacement of an internal organ. 



ENTOCELIAC 



332 



ENZYME 



entoceliac, entocelian (en-to-se'-le-ak, en-to-se'- 
le-an) [ento-; KoiKia, hollow]. Situated within a 
brain-cavity or ventricle. 

entocelic, entocoelic (en-to-se'-lik) [ento-; /coiXia, 
a cavity]. Within the intestine. 

entocentral (en-lo-sen'-tral) [ento-; center]. Near 
the center and on the inner aspect. 

entochoroidea, entochorioidea (en-to-ko-roi'-de-ah, 
-ko-re-oi-de'-ah) [ento-; choroid]. The inner lining 
of the choroid membrane of the eye, made up 
mainly of capillaries. 

entocinerea (en-to-sin-e' '-re-ah) [ento-; cinereus, 
ashy]. The gray brain-substance surrounding the 
cavities of the brain and spinal cord. 

entocondylar (en-to-kon' -dil-ar) [entocondyle] . Per- 
taining to an inner condyle. 

entocondyle (en-to-kon' -dll) [ento-; condyle]. An 
inner condyle, as of the humerus of the femur. 

entoconid (en-to-ko'-nid) [ento-; kwvos, cone]. 
The inner and posterior cusp of a lower molar tooth. 

entocornea (en-to-kor'-ne-ah) [ento-; cornea]. That 
part of Descemet's membrane that lines and adheres 
to the inner surface of the cornea. 

entocranial (en-to-kra' -ne-al) . See intracranial. 

entocuneiform (en-to-ku-ne' -if-orm) [ento-; cunei- 
form]. The inner cuneiform bone of the foot. 

entocyte (en'-to-sit) [ento-; kvtos, cell]. The 
contents of a cell, inlcuding nucleus, nucleolus, 
granulations, etc. 

entoderm (en'-to-derm) [ento-; 8kpp.a, skin]. The 
simple cell-layer lining the cavity of the primitive 
intestine; the hypoblast. Endoderm. 

entoectad (en-to-ek'-tad) [ento-; Iktos, external; 
ad, to]. From within outward. 

entogastric (en-to-gas'-trik) [ento-; yaarrip, 
stomach]. Relating to the interior of the stomach. 

entogenous (en-toj'-en-us). See endogenous. 

entoglossal (en-to- glos'-al) [ento-; y^waaa, tongue]. 
Situated within the tongue. 

entogluteus (en-to-glu-te'-us) [ento-; gluteus]. The 
gluteus minimus muscle. See muscles, table of. 

entohyal (en-to-hi'-al). Hyoid and on the inner 
aspect. 

entohyaloid (en-to-hi'-al-oid) [ento-; hyaloid]. Lo- 
cated within the vitreous body. 

entomarginal (en-to-mar'-jin-al) . Near the margin 
and internal. 

entome (en' -torn) [iv, in; royA\, cut]. A knife for 
dividing a urethral stricture. 

entomere (en'-to-mer) [ento-; p.kpos, a part]. In 
embryology, one of the cells forming the center of 
the mass of blastomeres in the developing mammalian 
ovum, the outer blastomeres being called ectomeres. 

entomiasis (en-to-mi'-a-sis) [evropov, an insect]. 
Any pathological condition due to infestation with 
insects. 

entomion (en-to' -me-on) [ivropA], notch]. The 
point where the parietal notch of the temporal bone 
receives the anterior extension of the mastoid angle 
of the parietal. 

entomography (en-to-mog'-ra-fe) [Zvtohov, an in- 
sect; ypa<t>eiv, to write]. A treatise on insects. 

entomology (en-to-mol'-o-je) [ivropov, insect; 
X670S, science]. That department of zoology devoted 
to the description of insects. > 

entonia (en-to' -ne-ah) [ivrovla, tension]. Rigidity 
or tension of a voluntary muscle; tonic spasm. 

entonic (en-ton'-ik) [entonia]. Characterized by 
entonia, or by violent tonic spasm. 

entoparasite (en-to-par'-as-lt) [ento-; parasite]. 
An internal parasite; an entozoan or entophyte. 

entopectoralis (en-to-pek-tor-a'-lis) [ento-; pector- 
alis]. The pectoralis minor muscle. See muscles, 
table of. 

entoperipheral (en-to-per-if'-er-al) [ento-; peri- 
pheral]. Originating or situated within, and not 
upon the periphery. 

entophthalmia (en-toff -thai' -me-ah) [ento-; ophthal- 
mia]. Inflammation of the internal parts of the eyeball. 

entophyte (en' -to-fit) [ento-; <pvr6v, a plant]. A 
vegetable parasite living within the body of its 
host, as, e. g., a bacterium. 

entoplasm (en'-to-plazm). See endoplasm. 

entoplastic (en-to-plas'-tik) [ento-; within; vXaaireiv, 
to form]. Same as endoplastic. 

entopterygoid (en-to-ter'-e-goid) [ento-; vrkpvt, a 
wing; eI5os, resemblance]. 1. Like a wing and 
situated entad. 2. Owen's name for the pterygoid 
process of the sphenoid. 3. E. Coues' name for the 
internal pterygoid muscle. 



entoptic (ent-op'-tik) [ento-; otttikos, pertaining 
to vision]. Pertaining to the internal parts of the 
eye. e. phenomena, visual sensations generated 
within the eye. 

entoptoscopic (en-top-to-skop'-ik). Relating to 
entoptoscopy. 

entoptoscopy (en-top-tos'-ko-pe) [ento-; &$, eye; 
ffKowelv, to inspect]. The investigation or observa- 
tional study of the anterior of the eye, or of the 
shadows within the eye. 

entorbital (ent-orb'-it-al). Located on the inner 
part of the orbital lobe or entad of its orbital fissure. 

entoretina (en-to-ret'-in-ah) [ento-; retina]. The 
innermost layer of the retina, itself composed of 
five layers, and an inner limiting membrane. 

entorrhagia (en-tor-a'-je-ah) [ento-; pnyvvvai, to 
burst forth]. Internal hemorrhage. 

entosarc (en'-to-sark). See endosarc. 

entosphenoid (en-to-sfen'-oid) [ento-; sphenoid]. 
Sphenoid and internal. 

entosthoblast (en-tos'-tho-blast) [evroade, from 
within; /3\a<rr6s, germ]. The supposed nucleus of a 
nucleolus. 

entostosis, entosteosis (en-tos-to'-sis, -tos-te-o'-sis) 
[ento-; barkcv, bone]. An osseous growth within a 
medullary cavity. 

entosylvian (en-to-sil'-ve-an). Within the Sylvian 
fissure. 

entothalamus (en-to-thaV '-am-us) [ento-; thalamus], 
Spitzka's name for the inner gray thalamic zone. 

entotic (ent-o'-tik) [ento-; o5$, ear]. Pertaining to 
the internal parts of the ear. 

entotorrhea (ent-o-tor-e'-ah) [ento-; otorrhea]. In- 
ternal otorrhea. 

entotrochanter (en-to-tro-kan'-ter) [ento-; trochan- 
ter]. The lesser trochanter. 

entotympanic (en-to-tim-pan'-ik) [ento-; tympanum]. 
Located within the tympanum. 

entozoal (en-to-zo'-al) [ento-; %cbov, an animal]. 
Caused by or dependent upon entozoa. 

entozoon (en-to-zo'-on) [ento-; £<j>ov, an animal; 
pi., entozoa]. An animal parasite living within 
another animal. 

entrails (en'-trels). The bowels and abdominal 
viscera. 

entropia (en-tro'-pe-ah) [see entropion], A turning 
inward. 

entropion (en-tro'-pe-on) [iv, in; rpkireiv, to turn]. 
Inversion of the eyelid, so that the lashes rub against 
the globe of the eye. e. musculare, that due to 
contraction of the ciliary part of the orbicular 
muscle resulting from senile atony, e., organic, 
that due to contraction of the lid resulting from 
cicatricial contraction of the conjunctiva or to diph- 
theritic conjunctivitis, e. spasmodicum, e., spastic, 
e. spasticum. See e. musculare. 

entropionize (en-tro'-pe-on-iz). To turn inward. 

entropium (en-tro'-pe-um). See entropion. 

entropy (en'-tro-pe) [ivrpkireiv, to turn about]. 
That part of the activity or energy of a body which 
cannot be converted into mechanical work. 

entyposis (en-ti-po'-sis). The glenoid fossa of the 
scapula. 

enucleation (e-nu-kle-a' -shun) [e, out of; nucleus, 
a kernel]. The shelling-out of a tumor or organ 
from its capsule. The excision of the eyeball. 

enucleator (e-nu'-kle-a-tor) [e, out of; nucleus, a 
kernel]. An instrument used in performing enucle- 
ation. 

enula (en'-u-lah) [L.]. The inner aspect of the 
gums. 

enule (en'-ul). Trade name applied to supposi- 
tories, medicated bougies, etc. 

enuresis (en-u-re'-sis) [ivovpeiv, to be incontinent 
of urine]. The involuntary emptying of the bladder, 
e., nocturnal, that occurring at night during sleep. 

envenomation (en-ven-o-ma'-shun) [iv,' in; venom]. 
The introduction and action of snake-venom. 

environment (en-vi'-ron-ment) [Fr. environner, to 
surround]. The totality of influences acting upon 
the organism from without. 

enzootic (en-zo-ot'-ik) [iv, in, ' or among; £$ov, 
animal]. Affecting beasts in a certain district; as an 
enzootic disease. 

enzooty (en-zo'-o-te) [iv, in, among; f4>°»'» & n 
animal]. An enzootic disease. 

enzyme, enzym (en'-zim) [iv, in; {vm, leaven]. 

1. Any ferment formed within the living organism. 

2. A chemical ferment, as distinguished from organized 
ferments, such as the yeasts. 



ENZYMIC 



333 



EPICRANIUS 



enzymic (en-zi'-mik) [ev, in; {buy, leaven]. The 
nature of the action of an enzyme. 

enzymol (en' -zi-mol) . A proprietary artificial 
gastric juice prepared from the glands of the stomach; 
it is used as a solvent and antiseptic, especially in 
the external treatment of diseases of the ear and 
nose. 

enzymosis (en-zi-mo'-sis) [ev, in; f 17177, leaven]. 
The action of an enzyme. 

enzymotic (en-zi-mot'-ik) [ev, in; £vtiv, leaven]. 
Pertaining to enzymes. 

enzymuria (en-zi-mu'-re-ah) [enzyme; ovpov, urine]. 
The presence of enzymes in the urine when voided. 

eolipyle, aeolipyle (e-ol'-e-pil) [ai6\os, windy; irvXrj, 
a narrow passage]. A form of spirit-lamp used to 
heat cautery -irons. 

eosin (e'-o-sin) [y&s, the dawn], C^HsBnOo. 
Tetrabromfiuorescein; an acid dye produced by the 
action of bromine on fluorescein suspended in glacial 
acetic acid. It occurs in red or yellowish crystals, 
and is used as a stain in histology. 

eosinophil, eosinophilous (e-o-sin'-o-fil, e-o-sin- 
off'-il-us) [eosin; tpCKelv, to love]. Applied to 
microbes or histological elements showing a peculiar 
affinity for eosin stain or for acid stains in general. 

eosinophilia (e-o-sin-o-fil'-e-ah) [see eosinophil}. 
i. An increase above the normal standard in the 
number of eosinophils in the circulating blood. 
2. The condition of microbes or histological elements 
which readily absorb and become stained by eosin. 

eosote (e'-o-sot). The commercial name of creo- 
sote valerate. 

epactal (e-pak'-tal) [iiraKrds, brought in]. Inter- 
calated; supernumerary, e. bones, Wormian bones. 
e. cartilages. See cartilage. 

eparsalgia (ep-ars-al'-je-ah) [eiraipeiv, to lift; 
akyos, pain]. Any disorder due to overstrain of a 
part. 

eparterial (ep-ar-te'-re-al) [ewl, upon; apT-qpia, 
artery]. Situated above an artery. 

epauxesiectomy (ep-awk-se-zi-ek' -to-me) [ewa.v£ri<ris, 
increase; octo/xt), a cutting out]. Excision of a 
growth. 

epaxial (ep-aks'-e-aT) [epi-; axis]. Situated or 
extending over an axis. 

epencephal (ep-en' -sef-at) . See epencephalon. 

epencephalic (ep-en-sef-al'-ik). Pertaining to the 
epencephalon. 

epencephalon (ep-en-sef -al-on) [kwl, upon; ence- 
phalon]. The after-brain or hind-brain; the cere- 
bellum and pons taken together; or the cerebellum, 
pons and medulla. 

ependyma (ep-en' -dim-ah) [eirevSvfia, an upper 
garment]. The lining membrane of the cerebral 
ventricles and of the central canal of the spinal 
cord. 

ependymal (e-pen'-dim-al). Pertaining to the 
ependyma. 

ependymitis (ep-en-dim-i'-tis) [ependyma; ins, 
inflammation]. Inflammation of the ependyma. 

ependymoma (ep-en-de-mo'-mah) [ependyma; 6/ia, 
tumor]. Tumor of the lining membrane of the 
ventricles of the brain or of the central canal of the 
spinal cord. 

ephebic (ef-e'-bik) [efaPcicos, belonging to puberty]. 
Pertaining to youth, adolescence, or puberty. 

ephebology (ef-e-bol'-o-je) [&£7?/3os, youth; X070S, 
science]. The science of youth, adolescence, and 
puberty. 

Ephedra (ef'-e-drah) [eirl, upon; eSpa, a seat]. 
A genus of plants of the Gnetacece. E. anti syphilitica 
has been used in gonorrhea. Dose of the fluidextract 
1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc). E. nevadensis is used as an 
alterative and antigonorrheic. Dose of fluidextract 
1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc). E. vulgaris contains the alkaloid 
ephedrine, which is mydriatic. 

ephedrine (ef'-e-dren) [ephedra]. An alkaloid, 
C10H15XO, from Ephedra vulgaris; it is a cardiac 
depressant and harmless mydriatic, e., pseudo-. 
See pseudoephedrine. 

ephelis (ef-e'-lis) [iiri, upon; 77X1.05, the sun: 
pi., ephelides], A freckle. 

ephemeral (ef-em'-er-al) [kti-hnepos, living a day]. 
Temporary. Applied to fevers that are of short 
duration. 

ephialtes (ef-e-al'-lez) [epi-; iaWelv, to leap]. See 
nightmare. 

ephidrosis (ef-id-ro'-sis) [#*{, upon; ISpuais, 
sweating]. Excessive perspiration. See hyperidrosis. 
e. cruenta, bloody sweat. 



ephippium (ef-ip'-e-um) [epi-; tim-os, horse: pi., 
ephippia]. Same as sella turcica. 

epi- [iiri, upon]. A prefix signifying upon. 

epiblast (ep'-e-blast) [epi-; /3Xao-r6s, a germ]. The 
external or upper layer of the blastoderm; called 
also the ectoderm, from which are developed the 
central nervous system and the epithelium of the 
sense-organs, the mucous membranes of the mouth 
and anus, the enamel of the teeth, the epidermis and 
its derivatives (hair, nails, glands, etc.). 

epiblastic (ep-e-blast'-ik). Pertaining to or derived 
from the epiblast. 

epiblepharon (ep-e-blef'-ar-on). See epicanthus. 

epibole, epiboly (ep-ib'-ol-e) [epi-; &6.Wet.v, to 
throw]. The inclosure of the large yolk-mass of an in- 
vertebrate ovum by the overgrowth of cleavage-cells. 

epibolic (ep-ib-ol'-ic) [epibole]. Pertaining to 
epiboly. 

epibulbar (ep-e-buV -bar) [epi-; bulb]. Situated 
upon the globe of the eye; as an epibulbar tumor. 

epicanthus (ep-e-kan' -thus) [epi-; Kavdos, angle 
of the eye]. A fold of skin over the inner canthus 
of the eye. 

epicardium (ep-e-kar'-de-um) [epi-; icapdLa, heart]. 
The visceral layer of the pericardium. 

epicarin (ep-e-kar'-in). A condensation-product of 
cresolinic acid and betanaphthol, occurring as an 
odorless, tasteless, clear, yellowish-gray powder, 
easily soluble in alcohol, ether, acetone; insoluble in 
oil. It is used in scabies in 10 % salve. 

epicarp (ep'-e-karp) [epi-; nap-tos, fruit]. In 
biology, the outer skin of a fruit. 

epicele, epicoele (ep'-e-sel) [epi-; Koikla, belly]. 
The fourth ventricle. 

epicerebral (ep-e-ser-e'-bral) [epi-; cerebrum, the 
brain]. Situated over or on the cerebrum; as the 
epicerebral space between the brain and the pia. 

epichordal (ep-e-kord'-al) [epi-; xopSv, a cord]. 
Located above or dorsad of the notochord; applied 
especially to cerebral structures. 

epichorial (ep-e-ko'-re-al). Relating to the epi- 
chorion; located on the chorion or on the derma. 

epichorion (ep-e-ko'-re-on) [epi-; chorion], 1. The 
decidua reflexa. 2. The epidermis. 

epichlorhydrin (ep-e-klor-hi' -drin) , C3H5CIO. A 
sweet liquid with odor of chloroform, obtained 
from dichloro propyl alcohol by action of gaseous 
hvdrochloric acid. It is miscible in alcohol and ether, 
boils at ii8°-iiq° C. Sp. gr. 1.203 at o° C. 

epichrosis (ep-e-kro'-sis) [eirLxpucns, a spot]. A 
discoloration of the skin. e. alphosis, albinism. 
e. aurigo, a yellow discoloration of the skin, as in 
icterus, e. ephelis, e. lenticula, pigmentation of the 
skin from exposure to the sun. e. leucasmus, e. 
poecilia, vitiligo, e. spilus. See ncevus pigmentosus 
under nevus. 

epicoelia (ep-e-se'-le-ah). See epicele. 

epicolic (ep-e-kol'-ik) [epi-; colon]. Lying over 
the colon. 

epicoma, epicomus, epicome (e-pik-o'-mah, e-pik- 
o'-mus, e-pik'-o-me) [epi-; noiiy, hair]. A parasitic 
monstrosity having an accessory head united to the 
principal fetus by the summit. 

epicondylalgia (ep-e-kon-dil-al'-je-ah) [epicondyle; 
0X705, pain]. Pain in the muscular mass about the 
elbow-joint, following fatiguing work. 

epicondylar (ep-e-kon-dil-ar) . Relating to an epi- 
condyle. 

epicondyle (ep-e-kon'-dil) [epi-; k6v8v\os, a 
knuckle]. An eminence upon a bone above its 
condyle. 

epicondylus (ep-e-kon'-dil-us). See epicondyle. 
e. extensorius, the external condyle of the humerus. 
e. lateralis, the external condyle of the humerus, or 
the outer tuberosity of the femur, e. medialis, 
the internal condyle of the humerus, or the inner 
tuberosity of the femur, e. flexorius, the internal 
condyle of the humerus. 

epicophosis (ep-e-ko-fo'-sis) [epi-; Koxfruo-is, deaf- 
ness]. Deafness dependent upon some disease. 

epicoracoid (ep-e-kor'-ak-oid) [epi-; coracoid]. 
Located upon or over the coracoid process. 

epicostal (ep-e-kos'-tal) [epi-; costa, a rib]. Situ- 
ated upon the ribs. 

epicranial (ep-e-kra'-ne-al). Relating to the epi- 
cranium. 

epicranium (ep-e-kra'-ne-um) [epi-; cranium]. 
The structures covering the cranium. 

epicranius (ep-e-kra'-ne-us). The occipitofrontalis 
muscle. 



EPICRISIS 



334 



EPILEMMA 



epicrisis (ep-e-kri'-sis) [ewUpio-is, determination]. 
The disease-phenomena succeeding crisis. 

epicritic {ep-e-krit'-ik) [iirUpivav, to give judg- 
ment upon]. Pertaining to sensory nerve fibers 
which enable one to appreciate very fine distinctions 
of temperature and touch. These fibers are found 
in the skin only. 

epicrusis (ep-e-kru'-sis) [epi-; Kpovots, stroke], 
i. Massage by strokes or blows; percussion; thera- 
peutic scourging. 

epicyesis (ep-e-si-e'-sis) [epi-; nveiv, to be preg- 
nant]. Superfetation. 

epicystic (ep-e-sis'-tik) [epi-; kvotvs, bladder]. 
Suprapubic; situated above the urinary bladder. 

epicystitis (ep-e-sis-ti'-tis) [epi-; kvo-tis, bladder; 
ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the tissues 
above the bladder. 

epicystotomy (ep-e-sis-tot'-o-me) [epi-; kvo-tis, a 
bladder; Tkpvtiv, to cut]. Suprapubic incision of 
the bladder. 

epicyte (ep'-e-sit) [epi-; kvtos, cell], i. The cell- 
wall. 2. A cell of epithelial tissue. 

epicytoma (ep-e-si-to'-mah) [epicyte; 6pa, tumor]. 
Malignant epithelioma. 

epidemic (ep-e-dem'-ik) [epi-; dfjixos, people]. 
Of a disease, affecting large numbers, or spreading 
over a wide area. 

epidemicity (ep-e-dem-is' '-it-e) . The quality of 
being epidemic. 

epidemiography (ep-e-dem-e-og'-ra-fe) [epidemic ; 
ypa<f>eiv, to write]. A description of epidemic 
diseases. 

epidemiologic (ep-e-detn-e-o-loj'-ik). Relating to 
epidemiology. 

epidemiologist (ep-e-dem-e-oV -o-jist) . One who 
has made a special study of epidemics. 

epidemiology (ep-e-dem-e-ol'-o-je) [epidemic; \6yos, 
science]. The science of epidemic diseases. 

epiderm (ep'-e-derm). See epidermis. 

epiderma (ep-e-der'-mah) [epidermis; pi., epider- 
mata]. Any abnormal outgrowth from the epider- 
mis. 

epidermal (ep-e-der'-mal) [epidermis], i. Relating 
to or composed of epiderm. 2. Trade name of 
scarlet red. e.-method, the application of medicinal 
substance to the skin. 

epidermatic (ep-e-der-mat'-ik). See epidermic. 

epidermatoid (ep-e-der'-mat-oid) [epidermis; etSos, 
likeness]. Resembling the epidermis. 

epidermic (ep-e-der'-mik) [epidermis]. Relating 
to the epidermis, e. method, a method of adminis- 
tering medicinal substances by applying them to the 
skin. 

epidermidalization (ep-e-derm-id-al-i-za'-shun) [epi- 
dermis]. The conversion of columnar into stratified 
epithelium. 

epidermidolysis (ep-e-derm-id-oV -is-is). See epi- 
dermolysis. 

epidermidomycosis (ep-e-der-mid-o-mi-ko'-sis) [epi- 
dermis; p.vKri%, fungus]. A disease due to the growth 
of parasitic fungi upon the skin. 

epidermidophyton (ep-e-derm-id-o-fi' -ton) [epider- 
mis; fpvrov, a plant]. A fungus found in psoriasis. 

epidermidosis (ep-e-derm-id-o'-sis) [epidermis]. A 
collective name for anomalous growths of the skin of 
epithelial origin and type. 

epidermin (ep-e-der'-min). A proprietary base for 
ointments. 

epidermis (ep-e-der'-mis) [inl, upon; 8eppa, skin]. 
The outer layer of the skin. The scarf-skin, con- 
sisting of a layer of horny cells that protects the 
true skin. 

epidermization (ep-e-der-miz-a'-shun). 1. The 
formation of epiderm. 2. Skin-grafting. 

epidermoid (ep-id-er'-moid) [epidermis; eldos, 
like]. 1. Resembling epidermis. 2. A tumor formed 
of epidermal cells. 

epidermolysis (ep-e-der-moV -is-is) [epidermis]. A 
rare skin disease in which bulls form on the slightest 
pressure. It shows itself in infancy and is most 
pronounced in summer. 

epidermophyton (ep-e-durm-o-fl' -ton) . See epi- 
dermidophyton. 

epidiascope (ep-e-di'-ah-skop) [epi-; 8La, through; 
onoirtiv, to look]. A magic lantern arranged for 
ordinary lantern slides, and also for opaque objects; 
a combined magic lantern and episcope. 

epididymal, epididymic (ep-e-did'-em-al, -im'-ik). 
Relating to the epididymis. 

epididymectomy (ep-e-did-im-ek'-tom-e) [epididy- 



mis; iKTop.r], a cutting out]. Excision of the epi- 
didymis. 

epididymis (ep-e-did'-im-is) [iirl, upon; 5L8vpos, 
the testes: pi., epididymides]. The small body lying 
above the testis; the superior end is the globus major; 
the inferior, the globus minor. 

epididymitis (ep-e-did-im-i'-tis) [epididymis; irts, 
inflammation]. Inflammation of the epididymis. 

epididymo-orchitis (ep-e-did-im-o-or-ki'-tis). Epi- 
didymitis combined with orchitis. 

epididymotomy {ep-e-did-im-ot'-o-me). [epididy- 
mis; rop.il, a cutting]. Incision of the epididymis. 

epididymovasostomy (ep-e-did-im-o-vas-os'-to-me) 
[epididymis; vas; oropa, mouth]. The formation 
of a lateral anastomosis between the vas and the 
epididymis; or the vas may be divided, its end split, 
and the split end sewn into the epididymis. Per- 
formed in cases of sterility. 

epidosis (e-pid'-o-sis) [iwlSoois]. Enlargement; 
increase; exacerbation. 

epidrome (e-pe-drom) [eiriSpoprj, a running 
upon]. Active, or (more often) passive, congestion. 

epidural (ep-e-du'-ral) [epi-; durus, hard]. Situ- 
ated upon or over the dura. e. space, the space 
outside the dura mater of the spinal cord and brain. 

epifolliculitis (ep-e-fol-ik-u-li'-tis). Inflammation 
seated about the hair-follicles of the scalp. 

Epigaea (ep-e-je'-ah) [tin, upon; yala, earth]. 
A genus of trailing ericaceous plants. E. repens, 
trailing arbutus of North America, has diuretic 
properties. 

epigaster (ep-e-gas' -ter) [epigastrium]. The large 
intestine; hindgut. 

epigastralgia (ep-e-gas-traV -je-ah) [epigastrium ; 
aXyos, pain]. Pain in the epigastrium. 

epigastric (ep-e-gas' -trik) [epigastrium]. Relating 
to the epigastrium, e. reflex. See under reflex. 

epigastriocele, epigastrocele (ep-e-gas' -tre-o-sel, 
ep-e-gas' -tro-sel) [epigastrium; K17XJ7, a hernia]. A 
hernia in the epigastrium. 

epigastrium (ep-e-gas' '-tre-um) [epi-; yao-T-qp, sto- 
mach]. The upper and middle part of the abdominal 
surface corresponding to the position of the stomach; 
the epigastric region. See abdomen. 

epigastrius (ep-e-gas' -tre-us) [epi-; yaorrip, the 
stomach]. A form of double-monstrosity, in which 
one fetus in an undeveloped condition is contained 
within the epigastric region of the other. 

epigastrocele (ep-e-gas' -tro-sel) [epigastrium; kti^tj, 
hernia]. Hernia in the epigastric region. 

epigenesis (ep-e-jen'-es-is) [epi-; yevearis, genera- 
tion]. In biology, the theory that holds the embryo 
to be the result of the union of the male and female 
elements, and the fully formed organism the result 
of a gradual process of differentiation, in distinction 
to the theory of encasement, preformation, or 
evolution, which held the embryo to preexist enfolded 
in a minute form within the germ. 

epigenetic (ep-e-jen-et'-ik). Pertaining to epi- 
genesis. 

epiglottic (ep-e-glot'-ik) [epiglottis]. Relating to 
the epiglottis. 

epiglottidean (ep-e-glot-id'-e-an) . See epiglottic. 

epiglottidectomy (ep-e-glot-id-ek'-to-me) [epiglottis; 
iKTop.fi, excision]. Excision of the epiglottis. 

epiglottiditis (ep-e-glot-id-i'-tis) [epiglottis; itls, 
inflammation]. Inflammation of the epiglottis. 

epiglottis (ep-e-glot'-is) [epi-; y\o>TTis, glottis]. 
A fibrocartilaginous structure that aids in preventing 
food and drink from passing into the larynx. 

epiglottitis (ep-e-glot-i'-tis). See epiglottiditis. 

epignathus (ep-ig'-na-thus) [epi-; yvados, jaw]. 
A monstrosity in which the rudimentary organs of a 
twin are united to the superior maxillary bone. 

epiguanin (ep-e-gwan'-in), C10H13N9O3. A xanthin 
base sometimes found in the urine; it is similar to 
guanin in solubilities. 

epihyal bone (ep-e-hi'-al) [epi-; hyoid]. The 
stylohyoid ligament when it is ossified. 

epilating forceps. Forceps for plucking out 
hairs. 

epilation (ep-il-a'-shun) [e, out of; pilus, a hair]. 
The extraction of hair. 

epilatorium (e-pil-at-o'-re-um) [L.]. An applica- 
tion for permanently removing hair. 

epilatory (ep'-il-at-o-re). Removing hair; a remedy 
for removing hair. 

epilemma (ep-e-lem'-ah) [epi-; \eppa, husk: pi., 
epilemmata]. The neurilemma of very small branches 
or funiculi of nerve-filaments. 



EPILEPIDOMA 



335 



EPIPLOSARCOMPHALOCELE 



epilepidoma (ep-e-lep-id-o'-mah). See under lepi- 
doma. 

epilepsia (ep-e-lep'-se-ah). See epilepsy, e. gravis. 
See grand mal. e. larvata. See epilepsy, masked, e. 
mitis. See petit mal. e. sanatoria. Synonym of 
chorea, e. vertiginosa, petit mal, q. v. 

epilepsy (ep'-il-ep-se) [iirL\T)\J/is, a laying hold of]. 
A chronic nervous affection characterized by sudden 
loss of consciousness, with general tonic and clonic 
convulsions, the paroxysms lasting but a short time. 
An epileptic seizure is often preceded by a peculiar 
sensation, or aura, and as the patient falls he some- 
times makes an outcry — the epileptic cry. Syn., 
grand mal. See petit mal. e., cardiac, paroxysmal 
tachycardia, e., cortical, e., focal, e., Jacksonian, 
spasmodic contractions in certain groups of muscles, 
with retention of consciousness, due to local disease 
of the cortex, e., cursive, a form in which the attack 
is characterized by running, e., idiopathic, typical 
epilepsy, e., latent, a form due to some local 
irritation, generally in the stomach, which ceases on 
removal of the irritation, but is liable to recur upon 
any indulgence, e., masked, in this, involuntary 
actions, often violent, replace the convulsion. Syn., 
epilepsia larvata. e., motorial, Jacksonian epilepsy. 
e., myoclonus, the occurrence of myoclonus and 
epilepsy in the same patient, the so-called association- 
disease, e., nocturnal, epilepsy in which the attack 
occurs during sleep, e., procursive, a form in which 
the patient runs rapidly forward before falling. 
e., reflex, due to some reflex neurosis, e., spinal, 
paroxysms of clonic spasm in the lower extremities 
sometimes observed in the course of spastic para- 
plegia, e., toxemic, due to poisonous substances in 
the blood, e., vasomotor, that in which extreme 
contraction of the arteries precedes the attacks. 

epileptic (ep-il-ep'-tik). i. Pertaining to or like 
epilepsy. 2. One affected with epilepsy, e. aura, 
e. cry. See under epilepsy, e. dementia, the 
dementia which is frequently the terminal stage of 
epilepsy, e. equivalents, transient psychic disturb- 
ances replacing the typical convulsions, e. mania, 
mania following or taking the place of the fit. 

epileptiform (ep-il-ep'-tif-orm) [epilepsy; forma, 
form]. Resembling an epileptic attack. 

epueptisant (ep-il-ep'-tiz-ant). 1. Producing epi- 
leptoid convulsions. 2. A drug which produces 
epileptoid convulsions: e. g , absinthe. 

epileptogenic (ep-il-ep-io-jen'-ik). See epilepto- 
genous. 

epileptogenous (ep-il-ep-toj'-en-us) [epilepsy; yewav, 
to produce]. Producing epilepsy. 

epileptoid (ep-il-ep'-toid) [epilepsy; elSos, likeness]. 
1. Resembling epilepsy. 2. A person subject to 
various nervous attacks of the general nature of 
epilepsy. 

epilose {ep'-il-os) [e, priv.; pilosus, hairy]. With- 
out hair; bald. 

epilymph (ep'-e-limf) [epi-; lymph]. The fluid 
between the bony and the membranous labyrinths. 

epimandibular (ep-e-man-dib'-u-lar) [epi-; mandi- 
bulum, jaw]. Upon or above the lower jaw. 

epimysium (ep-e-miz'-e-um) [epi-; nvs, a muscle]. 
The sheath of areolar tissue surrounding a muscle. 

epinasty (ep'-e-nas-te) [epi-; vaorbs, pressed close]. 
In biology, curvature produced by excessive growth 
on the upper side of an extended organ. 

epinephelos, epinephelus (ep-e-nef'-el-os, -us) [epi-; 
ve<t>e\r], a cloud]. Cloudy, turbid. 

epinephral (ep-e-nef'-ral) [epi-; v&f>p6s, kidney]. 
Suprarenal. 

epinephrin (ep-e-nef-rin) [epi-; vt*t>p6s, kidney], 
C17H15XO4. The active principle of the suprarenal 
capsule, e. hydrate, adrin. 

epinephritis (ep-e-nef-ri'-tis) [epi-; v&t>pbs, kidney; 
itis]. Inflammation of a supra-renal capsule. 

epinephroma (ep-e-nef-ro'-mah). Same as hyper- 
nephroma. See Gra'ucitzs tumor. 

epinephros (ep-e-nef'-ros) [epi-; ve<ppfc, kidney]. 
The suprarenal gland. 

epineural (ep-e-nu'-ral) [epi-; vevpov, a nerve]. 
In biology, applied to structures attached to a 
neural arch. 

epineurial (ep-e-nii'-re-al). Relating to the epi- 
neurium. 

epineurium {ep-e-nii' -re-um) [epi-; vtvpo v, a nerve]. 
The connective-tissue sheath of a nerve-trunk. 

epinine (ep'-in-en). Trade name applied to 3 : 4- 
dihydroxyphenylethylmethylamine, a synthetic drug 
used as a vasoconstrictor. 



epinosic (ep-e-no'-sik) [epi-; vbaos, disease]. Un- ■ 
healthy, sickly. 

epionychium {ep-e-o-nik' -e-um) . See eponychium. 

epiotic (ep-e-ot'-ik) [epi-; ous, ear]. Situated 
above or on the cartilage of the ear. 

epiparasite (ep-e-par'-a-sit). See epizoon. 

epipastic (ep-e-pas'-tik) [kirurao-aeiv, to sprinkle]. 
Having the qualities of a dusting-powder. 

epipedometer (ep-e-pe-dom'-et-er) [eiriwedov, sur- 
face; ukrpov, measure]. An instrument for use in 
measuring various complex deformities of the body. 

epiperipheral (ep-e-per-if'-er-al) [epi-; periphery]. 
Exterior; at the periphery. 

epipharyngeal (ep-e-far-in'-je-al) [epi-; pharynx], 
1. Located upon or above the pharynx. 2. Per- 
taining to the nasopharynx. 

epipharynx {ep-e-far' -inks) [epi-; pharynx]. 1. In 
biology, the median projection on the internal 
surface of the upper lip of an insect. 2. The naso- 
pharynx. 

epiphenomenon (ep-e-fe-nom'-en-on) [epi-; <j>ai- 
vb\i.&>ov, phenomenon]. An exceptional sequence or 
unusual complication arising in the course of a 
disease. 

epiphora (ep-if-or-ah) [epi-; <f>kpeiv, to bear]. A 
persistent overflow of tears, due to excessive secretion 
or to impeded outflow. 

epiphyseal, epiphysial (ep-e-fiz'-e-al) [epiphysis]. 
Relating to or Of the nature of an epiphysis, e. 
plate. See disc, epiphyseal. 

epiphyseitis (ep-e-fiz-e-i'-tis) [epiphysis; vrts, in- 
flammation]. Inflammation of an epiphysis. 

epiphyseolysis (ep-e-fiz-e^ol'-is-is) [epiphysis; Xwm, 
a loosing]. The separation of an epiphysis. 

epiphysis (ep-if'-is-is) [epi-; cj>ve<rdai, to grow]. 
A process of bone attached for a time to another 
bone by cartilage, but in most cases soon becoming 
consolidated with the principal bone. e. cerebri, 
the pineal gland. 

epiphysitis (ep-if-is-i'-tis). See epiphyseitis. 

epiphyte (ep'-e-fit) [epi-; <j>vr6v, a plant]. A 
vegetable parasite growing on the exterior of the 
body. 

epipial (ep-e-pi'-al) [epi-; pia]. Upon or above 
the pia mater. 

epiplasm (ep'-e-plazm) [epi-; plasma]. In the 
sporangium of many fungi, a part of the protoplasm 
remaining after formation of the spores. 

epiplerosis (ep-e-ple-ro'-sis) [epi-; ir>>.r]pw<ns, filling]. 
Engorgement; repletion; distention. 

epipleural (ep-e-plu'-ral) [epi-; pleura]. 1. Relating 
to a pleurapophysis. 2. Located on the side of the 
thorax. 

epiplexus (ep-e-pleks'-us) [epi-; plexus, a network]. 
The choroid plexus of the epicele. 

epiplocele (ep-ip'-lo-sel) [epiploon; K17X77, hernia]. 
A hernia containing omentum. 

epiploenterocele (e-pip-lo-en'-ter-o-sel) [epiploon ; 
evrepov, intestine; 107X77, hernia]. A hernia contain- 
ing both omentum and intestine. 

epiploenterooscheocele (ep-ip-lo-en-ter-o-os'-ke-o- 
sel) [epiploon; kvrkpov, intestine; 6<rx«> v < scrotum; 
K17X77, hernia]. Intestinal and omental hernia into 
the scrotum. 

epiploic (ep-ip-lo'-ik) [epiploon]. Relating or 
belonging to the omentum, e. appendages, small 
pouches of peritoneum filled with fat, found on the 
colon. 

epiploischiocele (ep-ip-lo-is'-ke-o-sel) [epiploon ; 
itrxiov, hip; (07X17, hernia]. Omental hernia through 
the sciatic notch or foramen. 

epiploitis (e-pip-lo-i' -lis) [epiploon; ins, inflamma- 
tion]. Inflammation of the omentum; omental 
peritonitis. 

epiplomerocele (ep-ip-lo-mer'-o-sel) [epiploon; p.-q- 
pos, thigh; K17X77, hernia]. Femoral hernia con- 
taining omentum. 

epiplomphalocele (ep-ip-lom-fal'-o-sel) [epiploon; 
6pxj>a\os, navel; ^17X77, hernia]. Umbilical hernia 
withprotruding omentum. 

epiploon (ep-ip'-lo-on) [kirlir\oov, from kirl, upon; 
TrXetJ', to float]. The omentum. 

epiplopexy (ep-ip'-lo-peks-e) [epiploon; -n-fi^is, a 
fixing in]. Talma's operation of suturing the 
great omentum to the anterior abdominal wall for 
the purpose of establishing a collateral venous circu- 
lation in cirrhosis of the liver. 

epiplorrhaphy (e-pip-lor'-af-e) [epiploon; pa<t>ri, 
suture]. Same as epiplopexy. 

epiplosarcomphalocele {ep-ip-lo-sar-kom-fal'-o-sel) 



EPIPLOSCHEOGELE 



336 



EPITHELIUM 



[epiploon; <rap£, flesh; 6p<f>6\os, navel; K17X77, hernia]. 
An epiplomphalocele in which the omentum has be- 
come indurated. 

epiploscheocele (ep-ip-los'-ke-o-sel) [epiploon; 6a- 
X«o", scrotum; KrjXrj, hernia]. Omental hernia de- 
scending into the scrotum. 

epipolic (ep-e-poV -ik) [i-inirokr), at the top]. Re- 
lating to fluorescence. 

epipteric (ep-ip-ter'-ik) [epi-; pterion]. Upon or 
above the pterion. e. bone. See under bone. 

epipygus (ep-ip'-e-gus) [epi-; irvyrj, rump]. See 
pygomelus. 

episarkin (ep-e-sark'-in) [epi-; crapl-, flesh], C4H6- 
N3O. A xanthin base which occurs in normal urine 
of man and dogs and in the urine in leukemia. 

episclera (ep-e-skle'-rah) [epi-; ckXtipos, hard]. 
The loose connective tissue lying between the con- 
junctiva and the sclera. 

episcleral (ep-e-skle'-ral) [episclera]. Situated on 
the outside of the sclerotic coat. 

episcleritis (ep-e-skle-ri'-tis) [episclera; ins, in- 
flammation]. An inflammation of the subconjunc- 
tival tissues or of the sclera itself. 

episio- (ep-iz-e-o-). A prefix signifying relation to 
the pubes. 

episiocele (ep-iz'-e-o-sel) [episio-; icf)\i], hernia]. 
Pudendal hernia; vulvar protrusion. 

episioclisia (ep-iz-e-o-klis'-e-ah) [episio-; nXeiais, 
locking, closure]. Surgical closure of the vulva. 

episioelytrorrhaphy (ep-iz-e-o-el-it-ror'-af-e) [epi- 
sio-; elytrorrhaphy]. The operation of suturing a 
ruptured perineum and narrowing the vagina for the 
support of a prolapsed uterus. 

episiohematoma (ep-iz-e-o-hem-at-o'-mah) [episio- ; 
alfia, blood; 6fta, tumor: pi., episiohematomata]. 
Hematoma of the vulva or pudenda. 

episioitis (ep-iz-e-o-i'-tis) [episio-; ins, inflamma- 
tion of the pudenda. 

episioperineorrhaphy (ep-iz-e-o-per-in-e-or'-af-e) . 
See episioelytrorrhaphy. 

episioplasty (ep-iz-e-o-plas'-te) [episio-; w'Xaaaei.v, 
to form]. A plastic operation upon the pubic region, 
or on the vulva. 

episiorrhagia (ep-iz-e-or-a'-je-ah) [episio-; priyvvvai, 
to break forth]. Hemorrhage from the vulva. 

episiorrhaphy (ep-iz-e-or'-a-fe) [episio-; pa<pr), 
seam]. An operation for the repair of tears about the 
vulva. 

episiostenosis (ep-iz-e-o-sten-o'-sis) [episio-; arevos, 
narrow]. Contraction or narrowing of the vulva. 

episiotomy (ep-iz-e-ot'-o-me) [episio-; rop.ii, sec- 
tion]. Incision through the vulva in child-birth, 
to prevent rupture of the perineum and to facilitate 
labor. 

epispadiac {ep-e-spa'-de-ak). 1. Relating to or 
affected with epispadias. 2. A person affected with 
epispadias. 

epispadial (ep-e-spa'-de-al). Relating to an epi- 
spadias. 

epispadias (ep-e-spa' -de-as) [epi-; airaetv, to 
pierce]. A condition in which the urethra opens 
on the upper part of the penis, either on the dorsum 
or on the glans. 

epispasis (e-pis' -pas-is) [epi-; airaais, a drawing]. 
An eruption or skin-affection due to medical treat- 
ment; a drug-exanthem. 

epispastic (ep-e-spas'-tik) [epi-; airaais, a draw- 
ing]. 1. Blistering. 2. A substance producing a 
blister. 

episplenitis (ep-e-splen-i'-tis). Inflammation of the 
fibrous coat of the spleen. 

epistasis {e-pis' -tas-is) [ewiaTaaLS, scum]. 1. A 
scum or film of substance floating on the surface 
of urine. 2. A checking or stoppage of a hemorrhage 
or other discharge. 

epistaxis (ep-is-taks'-is) [eiriarateiv, to cause to 
drop]. Hemorrhage from the nose. 

episternal (ep-e-ster'-nal) [epi-; arkpvov, the 
sternum]. Above the sternum. 

episthotonos, episthotonus (ep-is-thot'-o-nos, -us). 
See emprosthotonos. 

epistropheus (ep-is-tro'-fe-us) [iiriarpo<pevs, pivot]. 
The BNA term for the axis, or second cervical 
vertebra. 

episylvian (ep-e-sil'-ve-an). Situated above the 
Sylvian fissure. 

epitela (ep-e-te'-lah) [epi-; tela, a web]. The 
delicate tissue of Vieussen's valve. 

epiteric (ep-e-ter'-ik) [epi-; pterion]. Upon or 
above the pterion. 



epithalamic (ep-e-thaV -am-ik) [epi-; thalamus]. 
Situated upon the thalamus. 

epithalamus (ep-e-thaV -am-us) . A term including 
the habenae, epiphysis cerebri, and postcommissure 
of the brain. 

epithelia (ep-e-the' -le-ah) [pi. of epithelium]. The 
epithelial, cells, or epithelial layer. 

epithelial (ep-e-the' -le-al) [epithelium]. Pertaining 
to or made up of epithelium. 

epitheliogenetic (ep-e-the-le-o-jen-et'-ik) [epithe- 
lium; yeveais, generation]. Originating from undue 
epithelial proliferation. 

epithelioid (ep-e-the' -le-oid) [epithelium; elSos, 
likeness]. Resembling epithelium. 

epitheliolysin (ep-e-the-le-ol'-is-in) [epithelium; 
lysin]. A cytolysin produced by inoculation with 
epithelial cells. 

epitheliolytic (ep-e-the-le-o-lif '-ik) . Capable of 
bringing about the destruction of epithelial cells. 
Metchnikoff found that the introduction of com- 
minuted epithelium into the blood gave this power to 
the serum. 

epithelioma (ep-e-the-le-o'-mah) [epithelium; 6pa, 
a tumor]. Properly, any tumor in which epithelium 
forms the prominent element; by usage the word is 
restricted to carcinoma of the skin and mucous 
membranes, e., columnar. See e., cylindrical, e., 
corneous, one in which the cells resemble the outer 
layer of epidermal cells, e., cylindrical, one in which 
the epithelial cells resemble ordinary columnar 
epithelium and the structure resembles ordinary 
mucosa. Syn., cylinder-cell cancer; cylindriform 
epithelial cancer; columnar-celled carcinoma. e., 
cylindrocellular. See e., cylindrical, e., cystic, a form 
containing pits filled with fluid, e., diffuse, a form 
marked by rapid infiltration of the adjacent con- 
nective tissue with epithelial cells, e., glandular, 
a not very malignant form composed of gland-cells 
occurring in mucous membranes, especially of the nose 
and palate, and of slow growth, e., multiple cystic, a 
variety in which scattered cysts are formed in conse- 
quence of mucoid degeneration and the fusion of 
adjacent drops of fluid, e. myxomatodes psam- 
mosum, a tumor of the third ventricle of the brain, 
of the character of a very soft myxoma, and con- 
taining very hard, granular, milk-white contents. 

epitheliomatous (ep-e-the-le-om'-al-us). Having 
the nature of an epithelioma. 

epitheliomuscular (ep-e-the-le-o-mus'-ku-lar). Re- 
sembling epithelium and muscle. 

epithelium (ep-e-the' -le-um) [iirl, upon; #57X17, 
nipple]. A term applied to the cells that form 
the epidermis, that line all canals having com- 
munication with the external air, and that are 
specialized for secretion in certain glands, as the 
liver, kidneys, etc. Epithelium is divided, according 
to the shape and arrangement of the cells, into 
columnar, cuboidal, flat, pavement, squamous, strati- 
fied, and tessellated epithelium; according to function, 
into protective and glandular or secreting, e., cili- 
ated, a form in which the cells bear vibratile filaments 
or cilia on their free extremities, e., columnar, 
distinguished by prismatic-shaped or columnar cells. 
e., fibrillated. See e., rod. e., germ, e., germinal, 
e., germinative. 1. See ridge, genital. 2. The single 
layer of columnar epithelial cells covering the free 
surface of the ovary, e., glandular, that composed 
generally of spheroidal cells and constituting the 
proper secreting substance of a gland, e., intestinal, 
columnar epithelium, e., Malpighian. See e., 
mucous, e., mucous. 1. The rete mucosum. 2. The 
entire embryonic epidermis with the exception of the 
epitrichium. e., nerve, epithelium in which sensory 
cells combined with ordinary epithelial cells form the 
peripheral terminations of the nerves in the organs 
of sense, e., pavement, a kind composed of cubic 
cells, e., pigmentary, e., pigmented, epithelial 
cells holding pigment-granules, e., protective, that 
serving for protection, as the epidermis, as dis- 
tinguished from that serving for secretion or sensa- 
tion, e., pyramidal, columnar epithelium, e., 
rod, striated cells lining certain glands, e., sensory. 
See e., nerve, e., squamous, the cells have been 
reduced to scaly plates, e., stratified, the cells are 
arranged in distinct layers, e., striated, that con- 
sisting of striated cells, e., subcapsular, the epithe- 
lial-like lining of the internal surface of the capsule 
of the nerve-cells of spinal ganglia, e., tabular, 
e. tabulare, pavement epithelium, e., tegumentary, 
the epidermis, e., transitional, epithelium inter- 



EPITHELIZATION 



337 



ERADICATION 



mediate between simple and stratified, e., vascular, 
vascular endothelium, e. vibrans, e., vibratile, e., 
vibrating, e. vibratorium, ciliated epithelium. 

epitbelization (ep-e-the-li-za'-shun). The growth 
of epithelium over a raw surface. 

epithem (ep'-ilh-em) [i-n-idripa, a poultice: pi., 
epithemata]. Any local application; as a compress, 
fomentation, lotion, or poultice; from this definition 
some writers exclude salves, plasters, and ointments. 

epithema (ep-ith-e'-mah) . See epithem. 

epithesis (e-pith'-es-is) [eiririBevai, to lay on], 
i. The surgical correction of deformed or crooked 
limbs. 2. A splint, or similar appliance. 

epithymia (ep-e-thi'-me-ah) [kviBvpia, longing]. 
Any natural longing or desire ; a yearning. 

epitonic (ep-e-ton'-ik) [iiriTeiveiv. to stretch]. 
Tightly drawn; on the stretch. 

epitonos, epitonus {ep-e-to'-nos, -nus). i. See 
epitonic. 2. Anything exhibiting abnormal tension 
or stretched from one point to another. 

epitoxoid (ep-e-loks'-oid) . A toxoid (q. v.) having a 
lesser affinity for the antitoxin than is possessed by 
the corresponding toxin. 

epitrichial (ep-e-trik'-e-al). Relating to the epi- 
trichium. 

epitrichium (ep-e-trik'-e-um) [epi-; rpixiov, a small 
hair]. Superficial layer of fetal epidermis. 

epitrochanterian (ep-e-tro-kan-te'-re-an) [epi-; tro- 
chanter]. Situated upon the trochanters. 

epitrochlea (ep-e-trok'-le-ah) [epi-; rpoxaXia, a 
pulley]. The internal condyle of the humerus. 

epitrochlear (ep-e-trok' -le-ar) . Applied to muscles 
of the forearm which are attached to the epitrochlea. 

epitympanic (ep-e-tim-pan'-ik) [epi-; Tvp.ira.vov, the 
tympanum]. Upon or above the tympanum, e. 
recess, the attic. 

epitympanum (ep-e-tim' -pan-um) . The attic. 

epityphlitis (ep-e-tif-li'-tis) [epi-; tv<j>\6v, the 
cecum]. Synonym of appendicitis. 

epityphlon (ep-e-tif'-lon) [epi-; tv<j>K6v, the cecum]. 
Kiister's name for the vermiform appendix. 

epivertebral (ep-e-ver'-te-bral) [epi-; vertebra]. 
1. Situated upon a vertebra. 2. A spinous process 
of a vertebra. 

epizoicide (ep-e-zo' -is-ld) [epi-; £tiov, an animal; 
coedere, to kill]. A drug or preparation that destroys 
external parasites. 

epizoon (ep-e-zo' -ori) [epi-; r4>°". 2m animal: pi., 
epizoa]. An animal parasite living upon the exterior 
of the body. 

epizootic (ep-e-zo-ot'-ik) [see epizoon]. An epi- 
demic disease of the lower animals. 

epoikic (ep-oi'-kik) [epi-; oIkos, a house]. Applied 
to diseases limited to the household or other cir- 
cumscribed locality. 

eponychium (ep-o-nik'-e-um) [epi-; bw%, finger- 
nail]. A horny condition of the epidermis from the 
second to the eighth month of fetal life, indicating the 
position of the future nail. The thickened epi- 
trichium covering the nail area. 

eponym (ep'-o-nim) [ciruvvpas, named after a 
person]. A term derived from the name of a person. 

eponymic (ep-o-nim'-ik) [iirwwpos, named after a 
person]. Named after some person. 

epoophorectomy (ep-o-o-for-ek'-to-me) [epoophoron ; 
iKTop-h, excision]. Surgical removal of the epo- 
ophoron. 

epoophoron (ep-o-of'-or-on) [epi-; &6v, egg; <t>kpeiv, 
to bear]. The parovarium. 

epoptic (ep-op'-tik) [L., epopticus]. Fluorescent. 

epostoma (ep-os-to'-mah) [epi-; barkov, bone]. 
An exostosis. 

Epsom salt (ep'-sum) [Epsom, a town in Surrey, 
England]. See magnesium sulphate. 

Epstein's pearls (ep'-stln) [Alois Epstein, German 
physician, 1840- ]. Small, slightly elevated, 
yellowish-white masses on each side of the median 
line of the hard palate at birth. 

epulis (ep-u'-lis) [epi-; ovka, the gums]. A fibrous 
tumor of the alveolar processes of the jaws, e., 
malignant, a giant-cell sarcoma of the jaw. 
epuloid (ep'-u-loid). Like an epulis. 
epulosis (ep-u-lo' -sis) [epi-; 06X17, scar]. Cicatri- 
zation; a cicatrix. 

epulotic (ep-u-lot'-ik) [epi-; ouXi), scar]. 1. Pro- 
moting epulosis or cicatrization. 2. A remedy or 
application that promotes the healing of wounds or 
sores. 

equation (e-kwa'-zhun) [square, to make equal]. 
In chemistry, a collection of symbols and formulae 



so arranged as to indicate the reaction that will take 
place if the bodies represented by these symbols and 
formulae are brought together. e., personal, an 
allowance for individual peculiarity or error in an 
observer's work. 

equator (e-kwa'-tor) [see equation]. An imaginary 
circle surrounding a sphere so as to divide it into 
equal halves, e. of a cell, the boundary of the 
plane through which division takes place, e. of the 
eye, the equator oculi; a line joining the four extremi- 
ties of the transverse and vertical axes of the 
eye. 

equatorial (e-kwa-tor' -e-al) [square, to make 
equal]. Pertaining or belonging to an equator, 
e. plate. See karyokinesis and plate. 

equilibrating operation (e-kwil'-ib-ra-ting). An 
operation on the ocular muscles to equalize their 
action in cases of squint. 

equilibration (e-kwil-ib-ra'-shun) [equilibrium]. The 
maintenance of equilibrium. 

equilibrium (e-kwe-lib'-re-um) [cequus, equal; libra, 
balance]. An even balancing of a body or condition. 
e., indifferent, that which is independent of the 
positions assumed by the body, e., mobile, the 
constant temperature kept by neighboring bodies 
after a mutual exchange of heat proportionate to 
their capacities; this constancy is due to the fact 
that after the attainment of heat equilibrium the 
subsequent emission is equal to the quantity of 
heat received, e., neutral. See e., indifferent, e., 
nitrogenous, the condition of the system in which 
the amount of nitrogen in the matter discharged 
from the body exactly equals the amount taken in. 
e., physiological, the state of the system in which the 
amount of material discharged from the body exactly 
equals the amount taken in. e., stable, when, after 
slight disturbance, the body will return to its original 
condition or position, e., unstable, when it will 
not so return. 

equinated (e-kwin-a'-ted). Inoculated with the 
virus of equinia. 

equination (e-kwin-a'-shun) [equinus, of a horse]. 

1. Inoculation with the virus of equine smallpox. 

2. Inoculation with the virus of equinia. 

equinia (e-kwin'-e-ah) [equus, a horse]. Glanders; 
farcy. 

equinocavus (e-kivi-no-ka' '-vus) [equinus; cavus, 
hollow]. Dorsal talipes equinus in which the plantar 
surface is excessively hollowed and creased. 

equinovarus (e-kwi-no-va'-rus) [equinus; varus, 
bent outward]. A variety of talipes presenting the 
characteristics of talipes equinus and talipes varus. 

equinus (e-kwi'-nus) [equus, a horse]. 1. Talipes 
equinus. 2. Relating to the horse; equine, e. 
dorsalis, a form of talipes equinus in which the patient 
walks on the dorsal surface of the flexed toes. e. 
plantaris, the form of talipes equinus in which the toes 
are extended throughout or only at the metatarso- 
phalangeal joint. 

equipotential (e-kwi-po-ten'-shal) [cequus, equal; 
potentia, power]. Of equal power; applied in elec- 
tricity to bodies with equal dynamic units. 

Equisetum (ek-wis-e'-tum) [equus, a horse; sceta, a 
bristle]. A genus of cryptogamous plants. E. 
hiemale is used in dropsy and diseases of genitourinary 
origin. Dose of fluidextract 30-60 min. (1.8-3.7 Cc). 

equivalence, equivalency (e-kwiv'-al-ens, -en-se) 
{cequus, equal; valere, to be worth]. The saturating 
power of an atom of an element as compared with 
that of an atom of hydrogen. Valence. 

equivalent (e-kwiv' -al-ent) . Of equal valency; 
having the same value, e., chemical, the amount of 
an element capable of combining with a unit weight 
of hydrogen; it is the atomic weight of the element 
divided by its valence, e., endosmotic, the ratio 
obtained by dividing the amount of the replacing 
liquid in osmotic action by the amount replaced. 
e., Joule's. See under Joule, e., psychic epileptic, 
mental disturbance or excitement which may take 
the place of epileptic attacks, e., toxic, the quantity 
of poison capable of killing, by intravenous injection, 
one kilogram of animal, e. weight, same as equiva- 
lent, chemical. 

equivocal (e-kwiv' -o-kal) [cequus, equal; vox, sound]. 
Of doubtful significance, as equivocal symptoms. 

E. R. Abbreviation for external resistance. 

Er. The chemical symbol of erbium, also written 
simply E. 

eradication (e-rad-ik-a'-shun) [e, out; radicare, to 
root]. Complete or thorough removal. 



ERASION 



338 



ERICHSEN'S DISEASE 



erasion (e-ra'-zhun) [e, out; radere, to scrape]. 
I. The act of scraping. 2. Scraping or curetting of 
a joint. 3- The same as arthrectomy. 

Erb's disease [Wilhelm Heinrich Erb, German 
physician, 1840- ]. Severe pseudoparalytic 
myasthenia; asthenic bulbar paralysis. E.'s juvenile 
form of progressive muscular atrophy, the scapulo- 
humeral type. E.'s myotonic reaction. See E.'s 
waves. E.'s palsy, E.'s paralysis, a paralysis in- 
volving the deltoid, biceps, brachialis anticus, and 
supinator longus; often also the supinator brevis, 
and at times the infraspinatus; rarely the sub- 
scapularis. It is traumatic in origin; it may occur 
during birth. E.'s point, a point about two finger- 
breadths above the clavicle and one fingerbreadth 
external to the sternomastoid. Electrical stimulation 
at this point produces contraction of the deltoid, bi- 
ceps, brachialis anticus, and supinator longus. E.'s 
symptom. 1. Increase of the electric irritability of 
the motor nerves in tetany. 2. Dulness on percus- 
sion over the manubrium sterni in acromegaly. 
E.'s waves, undulatory movements produced in a 
muscle by passing a moderately strong constant 
current through it and leaving the electrodes in 
place, the circuit remaining closed. They are some- 
times seen in Thomsen's disease. 

Erb-Charcot's disease. Spastic spinal paralysis; 
spasmodic tabes dorsalis. 

Erben's phenomenon (er'-ben) [Sigmund Erben, 
Austrian physician, 1863- ]. A temporary slow- 
ing of the pulse on bending forward or attempting to 
sit down; it has been observed in neurasthenia. 

Erb-Goldfiam's symptom-complex. See Erb's 
disease. 

erbium (ur'-be-um). A rare element; symbol Er. 
See elements, table of. 

Erb-Westphal's symptom. See Westphal's sign. 

erect (e-rekf) [erigere, to set up]. 1. To raise 
through engorgement of the tissues. 2. Upright; 
in the state of erection. 

erectile (e-rek'-til) [erect]. Having the quality of 
becoming erect, e. tissue, a tissue consisting of a 
network of expansile capillaries that, under stimulus, 
become engorged with blood and cause erection of 
the part. e. tumor, a tumor of erectile tissue. 

erection (e-rek'-shun) [erect]. The state of being 
erect, as erection of the penis or clitoris. Fulness and 
firmness of the genital organs from congestion. 

erector (e-rek'-tor) [erect]. 1. A muscle that pro- 
duces erection of a part. See under muscle. 2. A 
prism frequently attached to the eye-piece of the 
microscope, for correcting the inversion of the image. 
e. nerves. See nervi erigentes. e. pili, the unstriped 
muscular fibers causing the erection of the hair and 
the phenomenon called goose-flesh or goose-skin. 

eremacausis {er-e-mak-aw'-sis) [i]pkp.a, slowly; 
Kavais, burning]. Slow oxidation or gradual decay; 
slow combustion. 

eremophobia (er-em-o-fo'-be-ah) [iprj/ios, desolate; 
<£6/Sos, fear]. The same as agoraphobia, q. v. 

erepsin (er-ep'-sin) [ipdweiv, to destroy]. A 
ferment produced by the intestinal mucosa, having 
no effect on unaltered albumin but causing cleavage 
of peptones. 

erethetic, erethetical (er-e-thet'-ik, -al). See 
erethismic. 

erethin (er'-e-thin) {kptdi^eiv, to irritate]. The 
name given by Klebs to that constituent of tuberculin 
which occasions fever. 

erethism, erethismus (er'-e-thizm, er-e-thiz'-mus) 
[ipedia^os, irritation]. An abnormal increase of 
nervous irritability. 

erethisma (er-e-thiz'-mah). An irritant. 

erethismal (er-e-thiz'-mal). Of the nature of an 
erethism. 

erethismic, erethistic (er-e-thiz'-mik, -this'-tik). 
Relating to, or affected with, erethism. 

ereuthophobia {e-ruth-o-fo' -be-ah) [epevOos, red- 
ness; <£6/3os, fear]. Morbid fear of blushing. 

ereuthosis (e-ruth-o'-sis) [epevdos, a redness]. 
Extreme facility for blushing. 

erg [tpyov, work]. A unit of work, representing 
the work done in moving a body against the force 
of one dyne through a space of one centimeter. 

ergamine {er' -gam-en). Trade name of an organic 
base, beta-iminazolylethylamine, occurring in ergot 
and its extracts, and also produced by chemical 
synthesis. It is a stimulant of unstriped muscle, 
particularly of the uterus; and is used in cases of 
postpartum hemorrhage. 



ergasiomania (ur-gas-e-o-ma'-ne-ah) [ipyaaia, 
work; fiavia, madness]. 1. An eager desire for work 
of any kind. 2. Mania for performing operations. 

ergasiophobia (ur-gas-e-o-fo' -be-ah) [ipyao-ia, work; 
<£6j8os, fear]. 1. Timidity in operating; a dread of 
operations. 2. Dread of work of any kind. 

ergasto plasm (er-gas'-to-plazm) [epyov, work; 
plasm]. Same as kinoplasm. 

ergoapiol (er-go-a'-pe-ol). A proprietary combi- 
nation of apiol, s parts; ergotin, 1 part; savin oil, 
I part; aloin, f part; it is used as an emmenagogue. 
Dose 7-14 gr. (0.45-0.9 Gm.). 

ergogenesis (ur-go-jen' '-es-is) [Ipyov, work; ykveais, 
production]. Same as ergogeny. 

ergogenetic (ur-go-jen-et'-ik) [epyov, work; ykveovs, 
production]. Of the nature of, or pertaining to, 
ergogeny. 

ergogeny (ur-goj'-en-e) [epyov, work; ykveavs, 
production]. In biology, the energy, both potential 
and kinetic, involved in the adaptive processes of 
living organisms; it includes both kinetogeny and 
statogeny. (Ryder.) 

ergograph (ur'-go-graf) [ipyov, work; ypafciv, 
to write]. A recording ergometer. An instrument 
for recording the extent of movement produced by a 
contracting muscle, or the amount of work it is 
capable of doing. 

ergometer (ur-gom'-et-er) [epyov, work; n'erpov, 
measure]. A variety of dynamometer. 

ergone (er'-gon). Trade name of a sterile prepara- 
tion of ergot. 

ergophobia (er-go-fo'-be-ah) [ipyov, work; <j>6pos, 
fear]. Morbid dread of work; ergasiophobia. 

ergophore group (ur'-go-for) [epyov, work; <f>kpeiv, 
to bear]. A group of atoms belonging to the mole- 
cule of an antibody, and by virtue of which its 
specific (agglutinative or other) action depends. 

ergostat (ur'-go-stat) [epyov, work; lardvai, to 
stand]. An apparatus for testing muscular strength. 

ergot, ergota (er'-got, er-go'-tah) [Fr., ergot, a spur]. 
The sclerotium of the Claviceps purpurea, a fungus 
growing on rye. It is a vasomotor stimulant and 
causes contraction of the involuntary muscles. It 
is used to control hemorrhage and to cause uterine 
contraction; it is also employed in cerebral and spinal 
congestion, in diabetes insipidus, and in night-sweats. 
Dose 10 gr.-i dr. (0.65-4.0 Gm.). e., extract of 
(extractum ergota, U. S. P.), ergot. Dose 5-20 gr. 
(0.3-1.3 Gm.); hypodermatically, 5-5 gr. (0.016- 
0.32 Gm.). e., fluidextract of (fiuidextr actum ergota, 
U. S. P.). Dose I dr.-§ oz. (2-16 Cc). e., infusion 
of (infusum ergota, B. P.). Dose 1-2 oz. (30-60 Cc). 
e., injection of (injectio ergotina hypodermica, B. P.), 
ergotin and camphor-water. Dose subcutaneously 
3-10 min. (0.2-0.65 Cc). e., tincture of (tinctura 
ergota, B. P.). Dose 10 min.-i dr. (0.6-4.0 Cc). 
e., wine of (vinum ergota, U. S. P.). Dose 2 dr. 
(8 Cc). 

ergotherapy (er-go-ther'-ap-e) [epyov, work : 6ep<nreLa, 
treatment]. Treatment of disease by physical work. 

ergotin {er' -go-tin). Extract of ergot. 

ergotine {er-go-ten'). An alkaloid of ergot. 

ergotinine (er-got'-in-en), C35H40N4O6. An alkaloid 
from ergot of rye. 

ergotinol (er-got'-in-ol). A proprietary ammoni- 
ated solution of ergotin. 

ergotinum (er-go-ti'-num). See ergotin. 

ergotism (er'-got-izm) [ergot]. The constitutional 
effects following the prolonged use of ergot, or of 
grain containing the fungus Claviceps purpurea. 
The symptoms are of two types, either a spasmodic 
form with contractions and cramps of the muscles, 
or a form characterized by dry gangrene. 

ergotized (ur'-go-tizd). Systemically affected with 
ergot. 

ergotol (ur'-got-ol). A proprietary liquid prepara- 
tion of ergot, recommended for hypodermatic injec- 
tion. 

ergotoxine (er-go-toks'-en). An alkaloid derived 
from ergot, probably identical with cornutine. 

ergoval (er'-go-val). A proprietary standardized 
fluid extract of ergot. 

Erichsen's disease (er'-ik-sen) [Sir John Eric 
Erichsen, English surgeon, 181 8-1896]. Railway- 
spine; railway-brain. A train of symptoms following 
accidents, which may assume the form of traumatic 
hysteria, neurasthenia, hypochondriasis, or melan- 
cholia. E.'s ligature, one consisting of a double 
thread, one-half of which is black, the other white; 
it is used in the ligation of nevi. E.'s sign, to differ- 



ERICIN 



339 



ERYSIPELOTOXIN 



entiate coxalgia from sacroiliac disease: compression 
of the two iliac bones causes pain in the latter, but 
not in the former, affection. 

ericin (er'-is-in) [ipeUri, heather]. A dye obtained 
from common heath and varieties of poplar wood by- 
treating with a hot solution of alum. 

ericolin (er-ik'-o-lin) [ipeUrj, heath], C34H56O21. 
A substance found in uva ursi. It is an amorphous, 
yellowish glucoside with a bitter taste, yielding with 
diluted acids sugar and an essential oil — ursone. 

erigens (er'-e-jenz) [L.]. Producing erection, as 
the nervi erigentes. 

erigeron (er-ij'-er-on) [ripiyepuv, groundsel]. Flea- 
bane. The plant E. canadense, having physiological 
actions like those of oil of turpentine, but less irritant. 
It contains oil of erigeron, and is used as a hemostatic. 
E. bellidifolium and E. philadelphicum afford similar 
oil, and have the same properties. E. canadense 
is used in dropsy and diseases of the genitourinary 
tract, e., fiuidextract of. Dose 30-60 min. (1.8- 
3.7 Cc). e., oil of (oleum erigerontis, U. S. P.). 
Dose 10 min.-| dr. (0.65-2.0 Cc). 

eriocome (er'-e-o-kom) [epiov, wool; Kop,rj, hair]. 
Haeckel's term for a race having wooly hair that 
covers the head like a continuous fleece, as in the 
majority of negroes. Cf. lophocome. 

eriocomous (er-e-ok'-om-us). Villous; covered with 
woolly hair. 

eriodictyon (er-e-o-dik'-te-on) [Ipiov, wool; Uktvov, 
a net]. Verba santa or mountain-balm. The leaves 
of E. californicum, a shrub of California, are expec- 
torant and an excipient for quinin, the taste of which 
they largely conceal. Dose 15 gr. (1 Gm.). e., 
extract of. Dose 2-10 gr. (0.13-0.65 Gm.). e., 
fiuidextract of (fluidextr actum eriodictyi, U. S. P.). 
Dose 15 min.-i dr. (1-4 Cc). 

Erlenmeyer's mixture (er'-len-mi-er) [Friedrich 
Albrecht Erlenmeyer, German psychiatrist, 1849- 
]. A mixture of equal parts of the bromides of 
potassium, sodium, and ammonium. 

ernutin (er-nu'-tin). A proprietary preparation of 
ergot. 

erodent (e-ro'-dent) [e, out; rodere, to gnaw]. 
1. Caustic; causing erosion. 2. A caustic drug. 

erogenic, erogenous (er-o-jen'-ik, er-oj'-en-us) 
[Ipcos, love; yeppav, to produce]. Producing or 
stimulating the sexual appetite. 

eromania (er-o-ma'-ne-ah). See erotomania. 

erose (er-os') [erodere, to eat out]. Having a 
margin or border irregularly toothed. 

erosion (e-ro'-zhun) [erodere, to eat out]. The 
eating away of tissue, e., aphthous, the formation 
of flat ulcers on a mucosa, e., dental, a progressive 
decalcification, affecting most commonly the labial 
and buccal faces of the teeth, not due to the causes 
of dental caries, and usually associated with the 
gouty diathesis, e., papillary, a condition developed 
from simple erosion; after the destruction of the 
epithelium the exposed points of the papillae swell 
and appear as granular, dark-red, and easily bleeding 
elevations. 

erosive (e-ro'-siv). 1. Pertaining to or causing or 
characterized by erosion. 2. An agent which pro- 
duces erosion. 

erotic (er-ot'-ik) [epcos, love]. Pertaining to the 
sexual passion; lustful. 

eroticism {er-ot' -is-izm) [epus, love]. An erotic 
disposition; erotic display; tendency to erotoma- 
nia. 

eroticomania (er-o-tik-o-ma'-ne-ah) [erotic; fiavla, 
madness]. Same as erotomania. 

erotism (er'-o-tizm). A condition of erotic intoxi- 
cation. 

erotogenic (er-ot-o-jen'-ik) [Ipcos, love; yewav, to 
produce]. Causing erotic feelings. 

erotomania (er-ot-o-ma' -ne-ah) [epws, love; p.avla, 
madness]. Morbid exaggeration of the affections, 
usually tpward the opposite sex. 

erotomaniac (er-ot-o-ma' -ne-ak) . A patient who is 
afflicted with erotomania. 

erotopath (e-rot' -o-path) . A person who is afflicted 
with erotopathy. 

erotopathy, erotopathia (er-ot-op'-ath-e, er-o-to- 
path'-e-ah) [epcos, love; iraBos, disease]. Perverted 
sexual instinct. 

erpiol (er'-pe-ol). A proprietary remedy of ergotin, 
apiol and gossypiin. 

errabund (er'-a-bund) [err are, to wander]. Erratic; 
wandering. 

erratic (er-at'-ik) [err are, io wander]. Moving 



about from place to place; irregular; strange or 
unusual; eccentric, peculiar. 

errhine (er'-in) [kv, in; pis, the nose]. 1. Causing 
discharges from the nose. 2. A medicine that 
increases nasal secretions; a sternutatory. 

errhysis (er'-is-is) [eppelp, to go slowly]. Slow 
bleeding. 

erseol (er'-se-ol). Trade name for quinoline 
sulphosalicylate; it is used as a substitute for 
quinine. 

erubescence (er-oo-bes'-ens) [erubescentia, blushing]. 
Redness of the skin. 

eructation (e-ruk-ta'-shun) [eructare, to belch]. 
Belching. 

erugation (er-oo-ga'-shun) [e, out; ruga, wrinkle]. 
The removal of wrinkles. 

erugatory (er-oo' -gat-or-e) [e, out; ruga, a wrinkle]. 
1. Tending to remove wrinkles. 2. A remedy for 
wrinkles. 

eruption (e-rup'-shun) [erumpere, to burst out]. 
A bursting forth, especially applied to the skin- 
lesions of the exanthematous diseases, e., drug, 
e., medicinal. See dermatitis medicamentosa, e., 
Koch's. See under Koch, e., miliary, an eruption 
of little vesicles occurring in the course of febrile 
diseases. 

eruptive (e-rup'-tiv) [see eruption]. Attended by 
an eruption, as an eruptive fever. 

Eryngium (er-in'-je-um) [epbyyrj, a sort of thistle]. 
A genus of plants of the order Umbellifera. E. 
yucccefolium is indigenous to the western prairies and 
southern barrens of the United States. The root 
is diaphoretic, expectorant, and refrigerant. Dose 
of fiuidextract 30-60 min. (1.8-3.7 Cc). 

erysipelas (er-is-ip' -el-as) [ipvOpos, red; ireXXa, 
skin]. An acute infectious disease due to Strepto- 
coccus erysipelatis (which is probably identical with 
the Streptococcus pyogenes), and characterized by an 
inflammation of the skin and subcutaneous tissues. 
e. ambulans. See e., wandering, e. bullosum, that 
attended with formation of bulla?, e. chronicum. 
Synonym of erysipeloid, e. diffusum, that in which 
the affected area is not sharply defined, the redness 
merging gradually with the color of the surrounding 
skin, e., facial, erysipelas of the face, the most 
common form. After an initial chill the temperature 
rises very high; there may be vomiting and delirium, 
and the disease may spread rapidly over a great 
part of the body. The affected area is swollen, has a 
deep-red color, an elevated margin, and itches. 
e. glabrum, that in which the skin is tightly stretched 
and has a smooth, shining appearance. Syn., 
erysipelas lave; erysipelas lavigatum. e., idiopathic, 
erysipelas occurring without any visible wound. 
e., internal, e. internum, that affecting the interior 
of the body, especially the mucosas, e. laeve, e. 
lasvigatum. See e. glabrum. e. medicamentosum, a 
medicine rash resembling erysipelas, but marked 
by rapid development, the absence of well-defined 
areas, and tenderness on pressure, e. migrans. See 
e., wandering, e., phlegmonous, a form of erysipelas 
in which there is pus-formation, e., pustular, e. 
pustulosum, a variety of erysipelas bullosum in 
which the bulla? contain pus. e., serpiginous, a form 
which extends by involving neighboring parts of the 
skin, e., spontaneous, that to which no external 
cause can be assigned, e., surgical, e., traumatic, 
erysipelas occurring in the site of a wound, e., 
symptomatic, that dependent on some constitutional 
disorder, e.. true that due to infection with Strepto- 
coccus erysipelatis, Fehleisen. See under Micrococci, 
table of. e., venous, that accompanied by venous con- 
gestion and marked by a dark-red color which does not 
entirely disappear on pressure, e. verrucosum, that 
characterized by a warty or lumpy appearance, e., 
wandering, a form in which the erysipelatous process 
successively disappears from one part of the body to 
appear subsequently at another part, e., white, a 
variety of erysipelatous edema in which there is no 
manifest dilation of the blood-vessels. 

erysipelatous (er-is-ip-el'-at-us) [erysipelas]. Of 
the nature of or affected with erysipelas. 

erysipelococcus (er-is-ip-el-o-kok'-us). A name for 
Streptococcus erysipelatis, to which erysipelas is due. 

erysipeloid (er-is-ip' -el-oid) [erysipelas; eldos, 
likeness]. A noncontagious disease resembling ery- 
sipelas. It is due to Cladolhrix dichotoma. Syn., 
erysipelas chronicum ; erythema migrans. 

erysipelotoxin (er-e-sip-el-o-toks'-in). The toxin 
of erysipelas. 



ERYTHEMA 



340 



ERYTHROMELIA 



erythema (er-ith-e'-mah) [ipvdalveiv, to make 
red]. A redness of the skin occurring in patches of 
variable size and shape, e. aestivum, an intense 
itching and burning, attended with swelling and 
formation of bullae, attacking the feet and ankles of 
those who walk barefooted in hay-fields, e. a 
frigore, e. a gelu, chilblain, e., amorphous, that in 
which the efflorescence is irregular in outline and 
arrangement, e. angeiectaticum, Auspitz's term for 
rosacea in order to convey the idea of its dependence 
upon dilatation of the cutaneous blood-vessels, e. 
annulare, a form of erythema multiforme in which the 
lesions shrink and desquamate at the center, but 
continue to extend at the periphery by a raised 
margin, e., choleraic, erythema multiforme occur- 
ring in cholera patients, chiefly affecting the extremi- 
ties and marked by papules bluish-red or livid in 
color. It has been observed as occurring at both the 
initial and the declining stage of the disease, e. 
congestivum, erythema with congestion of the skin. 
e. diffusum, a form resembling scarlatina, with ill- 
defined outline, the red color of the affected skin 
merging gradually into that of the surrounding parts. 
e. enematogenes, an eruption sometimes observed 
in children on the anterior surface of the knees, 
backs of the elbows, buttocks, and face, appearing 
from 12 to 24 hours after the administration of an ene- 
ma. It lasts from 24 to 48 hours, is rarely followed 
by desquamation, and gives rise to no constitutional 
disturbance, e., infectious, a name given to ery- 
thema multiforme to express the theory of its in- 
fectious character, e. intertrigo, intertrigo; a hyper- 
emia of the skin occurring where the folds of the 
integument come in contact. The epidermis may be 
abraded, e., Lewin's, of the larynx, simple syphilitic 
catarrh of the larynx, e. migrans. Synonym of 
erysipeloid, e. multiforme, an acute inflammatory 
skin disease characterized by reddish macules, 
papules, or tubercles, usually appearing on the legs 
and forearms. It is often ushered in by gastric 
distress and rheumatic pains, e. nodosum, dermatitis 
contusiformis, an inflammatory disease characterized 
by the formation, especially on the tibial surfaces, of 
-rounded, elevated, erythematous nodules. e 
serpens. Same as e. migrans, e. solare. See e., 
symptomatic, e., symptomatic, a hyperemia of the 
skin, either diffuse or in nonelevated patches. It is 
either idiopathic, as when arising from the action of 
the sun (erythema solare), or due to various poisons 
(erythema venenatum), or it is symptomatic of syste- 
mic disease or gastrointestinal disorder, e. variolosa, 
a rash occurring sometimes in the first stage of small- 
pox, e. venenatum. See e., symptomatic. 

erythematica (er-ith-e-mat'-ik-ah) [erythema]. A 
form of idiopathic enteritis, according to Cullen. 

erythematous (er-ith-em'-at-us) [erythema]. Of 
the nature of erythema. . 

erythemoid, erythematoid (er-ith'-em-oid, er-ith- 
em'-at-oid) [erythema; eUos, resemblance]. Re- 
sembling erythema. 

Erythrsea (er-ith-re'-ah) [ipvdpaios, red]. A genus 
of gentians. E. centaurium, the European centaury, 
is tonic and antipyretic. Dose of extract 5-30 gr. 
(0.32-1.9 Gm.). E. venusta, a California species, 
is a valuable bitter tonic and stomachic. 

erythrasma (er-ith-raz'-mah) [epvdpos, red]. A 
rare skin disease attacking the axillae or inguinal 
region or the buttocks. It forms reddish or brownish, 
sharply defined, slightly raised, desquamating patches 
that cause no itching or inconvenience. It is due to 
Bacillus epidermidis. 

erythremelalgia (er-ith-rem-el-al'-je-ah). See ery- 
thromelalgia. 

erythremia, erythremia (er-ith-re'-meah). Same 
as erythrocythemia. 

erythrenteria (er-ith-ren-te'-re-ah) [epvdpos, red; 
ivrepov, intestine]. Hyperemia of the intestine. 

erythrism (er'-ith-rizm) [ipvdpos, red]. 1. In 
biology, applied to conditions of dichromatism in 
which the normal colors of the integument are 
affected by an excess of red pigment, as often shown 
in the plumage of a bird. 2. Broca's term for the 
pathological condition exhibited by the individual 
having red hair in a dark-haired race free from inter- 
mixture, as among European Jews. 

erythro- (er-ith-ro-) [ipvdpos, red]. A prefix 
signifying of a red color. 

erythroblast (er-ith'-ro-blast) [erythro-; /SXao-ros, a 
germ]. A rudimentary red blood-corpuscle. 

erythrocatalysis (er-ith-ro-kat-al'-is-is) [erythro ; 



catalysis]. Excessive destruction of the red blood 
corpuscles by phagocytosis. 

erythrochloropia (er-ith-ro-klo-ro'-pe-ah) [erythro-; 
xXwpos, green; &\p, eye]. A form of subnormal 
color-perception in which green and red are the 
only colors correctly distinguished. 

erythrochloropy (er-ith-ro-klor'-o-pe) [erythro- ; 
xXwpoj, green]. Ability to distinguish red and green 
colors only. 

erythrocruorin (er-ith-ro-kru'-or-in) [erythro- ; cruor, 
blood]. Same as hemoglobin. 

erythrocyte (er-ith' -ro-sit) [erythro-; kvtos, a cell]. 
A red blood-corpuscle. 

erythrocythemia, erythrocythsemia (er-ith-ro-si-the'- 
me-ah) [erythro-; kvtos, a cell; ai/*a, blood]. A condi- 
tion in which there is an increase of red blood corpus- 
cles in the circulation blood. 

erythrocytoblast (er-ith-ro-si'-to-blast). Same as 
erythroblast. 

erythrocytolysis (er-iih-ro-si-tol'-is-is) [erythrocyte; 
Awns, a loosing]. The plasmolysis of red blood- 
corpuscles; the escape of soluble substances and the 
reduction of the volume of the corpuscle. 

erythrocytometer (er-ith-ro-si-tom'-et-er) [erythro- 
cyte; ukrpov, a measure]. A heavy, graduated, glass 
capillary tube, the lumen of which is expanded near 
the upper end into a bulb containing a small cubic 
glass bead which serves as a stirrer. It is used in 
counting erythrocytes. Cf. leukocytometer. 

erythrocyto-opsonins (er-ith-ro-si-to-op'-so-nins) . 
Substances which are opsonic for red blood cor- 
puscles. 

erythrocytorrhexis (er-ith-ro-si-tor-reks'-is). See 
plasmorrhexis. 

erythrocytoschisis (er-ith-ro-si-tos'-kis-is) [erythro- 
cyte; axiais, cleavage]. The splitting-up of red 
blood-corpuscles into discs resembling blood-platelets. 
Cf. plasmoschisis. 

erythrocytosis (er-ith-ro-si-to'-sis) [erythrocyte]. 1. 
The formation of red blood-corpuscles. 2. The 
presence in the blood, before birth, of red cells with 
nuclei and with karyokinetic figures. 

erythrodermia (er-ith' -ro-der-me-ah) [erythro- ; Sep/ia, 
skin]. Abnormal redness. of the skin. 

erythrodermitis (er-ith-ro-der-mi'-tis) [erythro-; 
Sepp-a, skin; ins, inflammation]. A chromoderma- 
tosis characterized by erythema and superficial 
dermatitis. 

erythrodextrin (er-ith-ro-deks'-trin) [erythro- ; dexter, 
right]. A dextrin formed by the action of saliva on 
starch. It yields a red color with iodine. 

erythrogen (er-ith' -ro-jen) [erythro-; yewav, to 
produce]. A green substance that has been found in 
unhealthy bile, and which (apparently without good 
reason) has been regarded as "the base of the coloring- 
matter of the blood;" 

erythroglucin (er-ith-ro- glu'- sin) . See erylhrol. 

erythrpgranulose (er-ith-ro-gran'-u-los) [erythro- ; 
granulum, a little grain]. A granular substance, 
found in starch-grains, coloring red with iodine. 

erythroid (er'-ith-roid) [erythro-; eUos, resem- 
blance]. Reddish; of a red color. 

erythrol (er'-ith-rol) [epvdpos, red]. 1. C4H 6 (OH)4. 
A crystalline alkaloid from certain algae and lichens. 
2. A double salt of bismuth and cinchonidine. It is 
used in rare forms of dyspepsia in which acid reaction 
of the gastric juice is accompanied by the production 
of butyric acid. e. tetranitrite, (CthONO^- 
(CHO . N02)2, large scales, soluble in alcohol, 
insoluble in water, exploding on percussion; recom- 
mended as a substitute for amyl nitrite and nitro- 
glycerin in angina pectoris, asthma, lead colic, and 
cardiac affections. Dose §-1 gr. (0.03-0.06 
Gm.). 

erythrolysin (er-ith-rol'-is-in). See hemolysin. _ 

erythrolysis (er-ith-rol'-is-is). Erythrocytolysis. 

erythromannite (er-ith-ro-man'-it). Same as eryth- 
rol. 

erythromelalgia (er-ith-ro-mel-al'-je-ah) [erythro-; 
ne\os, a limb; a\yos, pain]. An affection of the 
distal parts of the extremities, particularly the feet,, 
characterized by redness and neuralgic pain. The 
disease is very obstinate; its pathology is not well 
understood. It may be a vasomotor neurosis, 
a neuritis of the peripheral nerves, or it may be due 
to changes in the spinal cord. 

erythromelia (er-ith-ro-me'-le-ah) [erythro-; neXos, 
limb]. An affection of the extensor surfaces of the 
arms and legs, characterized by painless progressive 
redness of the skin; it is distinct from erythromelalgia. 



ERYTHRONEOCYTOSIS 



341 



ESOENTERITIS 



erythroneocytosis {er-ith-ro-ne-o-si-to' sis) [erythro-; 
vkos, new kvtos, cell]. The presence of regenerative 
forms of red blood corpuscles in the -circulating 
blood . 

Erythronium (er-ith-ro'-ne-um) [epvdpfo, red]. A 
genus of liliaceous plants. E. americanum is a species 
indigenous to the United States; the bulb and all 
parts of the plant are emetic. Dose 20-30 gr. 
(1. 3-1.9 Gm.). 

erythropenia (er-ith-ro-pe'-ne-ah) [erythro-; irevLa, 
poverty]. Deficiency in the number of red blood- 
corpuscles. 

erythrophage (er-ith'-ro-faj) [erythro-; <i>ayeiv, to 
eat]. Any one of the phagocytic cells which, lying 
about a hemorrhagic area, take up the pigment of 
the blood or even red-corpuscles. They are remark- 
able for their brilliant color (red to golden). 

erythrophil (er-ith'-ro-fil) [erythro-; 4>C\elv, to 
love]. Auerbach's term for the red-staining nuclear 
substance of animal and vegetal cells. 

erythrophilous (er-ith-rof-il-us) [see erythrophil]. 
Having an especial affinity for red dyes. 

erythrophleine (er-ith-rof'-le-en) [erythro-; <£Xoi6s, 
bark]. A poisonous alkaloid from casca-bark. e. 
hydrochloride, a local anesthetic and cardiac tonic; 
used chiefly in ophthalmology in 0.05 to 0.25 % solu- 
tion. Dose t^-te e r - (0.002-0.004 Gm.). 

erythrophleum (er-ith-rof'-le-um). Casca-bark. 

erythrophlogosis (er-ith-ro-flo-go'-sis) [erythro- ; 
<f>\6yw<TLs, a burning]. Inflammation attended with 
redness. 

erythrophobe • (er-ith'-ro-fob) [erythrophobia]. One 
fearing or disliking red colors. 

erythrophobia (er-ith-ro-fo'-be-ah) [erythro-; red; 
<£6/3os, fear]. Morbid intolerance of red colors: 
sometimes observed after operations for cataract. 
2. Fear of blushing; ereuthophobia. 

erythrophose (er'-ith-ro-foz) [erythro-; <f>us, light]. 
A red phose. 

erythropia (er-ith-ro'-pe-ah). Same as erythropsia. 

erythropoiesis (er-ith-ro-poi-e'-sis) [erythro-; iroirjtns, 
a making]. _ The formation of red blood corpuscles. 

erythropsia (er-ith-rop'-se-ah) [erythro-; o^is, vi- 
sion]. An abnormality of vision in which all objects 
appear red ; red vision. 

erythropsin (er-ith-rop'-sin) [erythro-; &\p, vision]. 
An organic substance of the retina. In the presence 
of light it is believed to form different combinations, 
constituting color-perception. It is called visual 
purple and rhodopsin, q. v. 

erythropyknosis (er-ith-ro-pik-no'-sis) [erythro- ; 
itvkpos, thick]. Degenerative changes in the invaded 
erythrocyte, characteristic of the estivoautumnal 
infections. It consists in the development of a 
brassy appearance of the blood-cell, together with 
distinct crenation. 

erythrose (er'-ith-ros) [erythro-], C4H8O4. Tetrose. 
A substance derived from erythrol. It is probably a 
mixture of an aldose and a ketose. It is next to the 
lowest glucose. 

erythrosin (er-ith-ro'-sin) [erythro-; tyrosin], C30H18- 
N2O6. A compound product by the action of HNO3 
on tyrosin. It is used as a coloring-matter. 

erythrosinophil (er-ith-ro-sin'-o-fil) [erythrosin; 
<j>CKtlv, to love]. Easily stainable with erythrosin. 

erythrosis (er-ith-ro'-sis) [epvOpos, red]. 1. Arterial 
plethora, or the redness of the skin due to it. 2. An 
exaggerated tendency to blush. 

erythroxyline (er-ith-roks'-il-en) [erythro-; (juXoi', 
wood]. Synonym of cocaine. 

erythroxylon (er-ith-roks'-il-on) [see erythroxyline]. 
Coca. The leaves of E. coca, a shrub indigenous to 
the Andes. It contains an alkaloid, cocaine, C1-H21- 
NO4, to which its properties are mainly due. It is an 
aromatic tonic and cerebral stimulant. Dose of 
coca {erythroxylon coca, B. P.) 2-15 gr. (0.13-1.0 
Gm.) ; of the fluidextract {fluidexlr actum coca, U. S. 
P.) 20 min.-i dr. (1.3-4.0 Cc); of the liquid extract 
(extr actum coca liquidum, B. P.) 20 min.-i dr. (1.3- 
4.0 Cc). 

erythruria (er-ith-ru'-re-ah) [erythro-; ovpov, urine]. 
The passage of reddish urine. Hematuria. 

Esbach's reagent (es'-bakh) [Georges Hubert 
Esbach, French physician, 1843-1890]. Picric acid 1, 
citric acid 2, water to 100. It is used as a test for 
albumin in urine. 

escalin (es'-kal-in). Proprietary preparation of 
powdered aluminum and glycerin; it is said to be 
indicated in gastric ulcer. 

eschar (es'-kar) [eo-xdpa, a scab]. A slough, es- 



pecially that produced by the thermocautery. 
e., neuropathic, a bed-sore. 

escharodermitis (es-kar-o-der-mi'-tis) [eschar; 8ep/j.a, 
skin; ins, inflammation]. A skin-inflammation 
marked by the formation of eschars. 

' escharosis (es-kar-o'-sis) . The formation of an 
eschar; escharotic action. 

escharotic (es-kar-ot'-ik) [eschar]. 1. Caustic; pro- 
ducing a slough. 2. A substance that produces 
an eschar; a caustic. 

Escherich's bacillus (esh'-er-ik) [Theodor Escherich, 
German physician, 1857-19-11]. The Bacillus coli 
communis; see bacilli, table of. 

eschomelia {es-ko-me' -le-ah) [eo-xaros, worst; /ieXos, 
a limb]. A monstrosity in which there is a defective 
limb. 

eschrolalia (es-kro-la' -le-ah) [alcrxpos, shameful; 
XaXi'a, speech]. Same as coprolalia. 

eschromythesis (es-kro-mi-the'-sis) [al<rxp6s, base; 
nvdl?eiv, to utter]. The utterance of obscene 
language by delirious or insane patients. 

esciorcin, aesciorcin (es-e-or'-sin) [ALsculus, a genus 
of trees; orcin], C9H8O4. A product of esculetin by 
action of sodium amalgam. It dissolves in alkalies, 
green changing to red, and is used in discovering 
corneal defects and lesions of conjunctival epithelium, 
the red color being more distinct on the iris than the 
green color of fluorescein. Application, 1 drop of 
10 to 20 % aqueous solution. 

esciorcinol (es-e-or'-sin-ol). Same as esciorcin. 

escorcin, aescorcin (es-kor'-sin). See esciorcin. 

esculetin (es-ku-le'-tin) [JEsculus, a genus of trees], 
C9H6O4. A substance present in the bark of the 
horse-chestnut, partly free, and partly as the gluco- 
side esculin, from which it is prepared. 

esculin (es'-ku-lin) [see esculetin], C15H16O9. A 
glucoside from horse-chestnut bark. 

eseridine {es-er' -id-en). An alkaloid, C15H23N3O3. 
It is a laxative and motor excitant and is recom- 
mended as a cathartic in veterinary practice. _ Its 
uses are the same as eserine, but it is only one-sixth 
as powerful. Subcutaneous dose |-| gr. (0.01-0.02 
Gm.). 

eserine, eserinum (es'-er-en, es-er-e' -num) [esere, 
native name of the plant or bean]. An alkaloid 
obtained from the Calabar bean, and said to be 
identical with physostigmine (q. v.). e. benzoate, 
C15H21N3O2C7H6O2, used in the same way as is 
eserine. e. borate, is mydriatic; the solutions are 
permanent and nonirritating, used in same way as 
is eserine. e.-pilocarpine, a combination of eserine 
and pilocarpine forming a white, crystalline, soluble 
powder. It is anodyne and laxative and used in 
veterinary practice in colic of horses. Injection, 
6 gr. (0.4 Gm.) in 5 Cc. of water, e. salicylate, 
CUH21N3O2 . CvHeOs, is used in 5 % solutions to 
contract the pupil; red solutions have lost their 
power. It is also used in intestinal atony. Dose 
jV-^V gr- (0.0016-0.003 Gm.), divided into 2, 3, or 4 
doses; other uses and dosage the same as of eserine. 
e. sulphate, used in same way as eserine; also, hypo- 
dermatically in veterinary practice for colic. Dose 
ii gr. (0.1 Gm.). e. tartrate, (C15H21N 302)20^06, 
uses and dosage the same as of eserine. 

Esmarch's bandage, E.'s apparatus (ez'-mark) 
[Johann Friedrich August von Esmarch, German 
surgeon, 1 823-1908]. An elastic rubber bandage 
used upon a limb to be amputated, in order to drive 
the blood out of it by the pressure of progressive 
turns about the limb toward the trunk. E.'s opera- 
tion. 1. For amputation at the hip-joint: the soft 
parts of the thigh are divided to the bone by a single 
sweep of the knife five inches below the tip of the 
trochanter; the bone is then sawed across and a second 
incision is made to join the first from a point two 
inches above the trochanter, when the bone is 
shelled out. 2. For ankylosis of the lower jaw: an 
incision about two inches long is made along the 
lower border of the jaw, and a wedge-shaped piece 
of bone is removed from the horizontal portion. 
E.'s tubes, tubes on the sides of which agar or gelatin 
has been solidified in a thin layer, by rapid turning 
of the tube on ice or under ice-water. 

esocolitis {es-o-ko-li'-tis) [lo-w, within; colitis]. 
Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the colon; 
dysentery. 

esodic (e-sod'-ik) [is, into; 686s, way]. Afferent. 

esoenteritis (es-o-en-ter-i'-tis) [eau, inward; evrkpov, 
bowel; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the 
mucous membrane of the intestines. 



ESOETHMOIDITIS 



342 



ESTHESIOPHYSIOLOGY 



esoethmoiditis (es-o-eth-moid-i'-tis) [«rw, within; 
ethmoiditis]. _ Inflammation of the ethmoid sinuses. 

esogastntis (es-o-gas-tri'-tis) [eaw, inward; yaarrip, 
belly; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the 
mucous membrane of the stomach. 

esogenetic {es-o-jen-et'-ik) [law, within; yevvav, to 
produce]. Produced or arising within the organism. 

esohyperphoria (es-o-hi-per-fo'-re-ah). See hyper- 
esophoria under heterophoria. 

esophagalgia, oesophagalgia (e-sof-ag-al'-je-ah) 
[esophagus; &X70S, pain]. Pain in the esophagus. 

esophageal, oesophageal (e-sof-aj'-e-al) [esophagus]. 
Pertaining or belonging to the esophagus. 

esophagectomy, oesophagectomy (e-sof-aj-ek'-to-me) 
[esophagus; i/crow, a cutting out]. Extirpation of 
cancer of the gullet with resection of the walls of the 
organ. 

esophagectopy, cesophagectopy (e-sof-aj-ek'-to-pe) 
[esophagus; ecTwos, away from a place]. Displace- 
ment of the esophagus. 

esophageurysma, oesophageurysma (e-so-faj-ur-iz'- 
mah) [esophagus; evpvveiv, to widen]. Abnormal 
dilation of the esophagus. 

esophagism, oesophagism, esophagismus, cesophag- 
ismus (e-sof'-aj-izm, e-sof-aj-iz'-mus). Spasmodic 
contraction of the esophagus. 

esophagitis, oesophagitis (e-sof-aj-i'-tis) [esophagus; 
ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the esophagus. 

esophago-, oesophago- (e-sof-a-go-) [esophagus]. A 
prefix meaning relating to the esophagus. 

esophagocele, oesophagocele (e-sof-ag-o-sel) 
[esophago-; k^Xtj, hernia]. An abnormal distention of 
a portion of the esophagus. 

esophagodynia, cesophagodynia {e-sof-ag-o-din' -e- 
ah) [esophagus; bbvvq, pain]. Same as esophagalgia. 

esophagoectasis, oesophagoectasis (e-sof-ag-o-ek'- 
tas-is) [esophago-; eKretvetv, to stretch]. Diffuse 
spindleform dilation of the esophagus, almost always 
due to stenosis of the cardia. 

esophagoenterostomy, oesophagoenterostomy 

(e-sof-ag-o-en-ter-os'-to-me) [esophago-; enterostomy]. 
Schlatter's operation for the total extirpation of the 
stomach; the esophagus is first sutured to the 
duodenum. 

esophagogastroscopy, cesophagogastroscopy (e-sof- 
ag-o-gas-tros'-ko-pe) [esophago-; yaaT-qp stomach; 
(TKoirelv, to inspect]. Examination of the interior of 
the esophagus and stomach by means of the esoph- 
agogastroscope. 

esophagomalacia, oesophagomalacia (e-sof-ag-o-mal- 
a'-se-ah) [esophagus; naXaicla, softness]. Morbid 
softening of the esophagus. 

esophagometer, oesophagometer (e-sof-ag-om'-et-er) 
[esophago-; p.krpov, a measure]. An instrument for 
measuring the esophagus. 

esophagomycosis, oesophagomycosis (e-sof-ag-o-mi- 
ko'-sis) [esophago- ; mycosis]. Disease of the esophagus 
caused by fungi. 

esophagopathy, cesophagopathy (e-sof-ag-op'-ath-e) 
[esophagus; waffos, disease]. Any disease of the 
esophagus. 

esophagoplasty, oesophagoplasty (e-sof'-ag-o-plast-e) 
[esophago- ; wXaao-eiv, to shape]. Plastic surgery of 
the esophagus. 

esophagoplegia, oesophagoplegia (e-sof-ag-o-ple'-je- 
ah) [esophagus; irXvyv, a stroke] Paralysis of the 
esophagus. 

esophagoptosis, oesophagoptosis (e-sof-ag-op-to'-sis) 
[esophago-; irrGiais, a falling]. Prolapse of the 
esophagus. 

esophagorrhagia, cesophagorrhagia (e-sof-ag-or-a'- 
je-ah) [esophagus; b-qyvvvai, to break forth]. Hemor- 
rhage from the esophagus. 

esophagorrhea, oesophagorrhea (e-sof-ag-or-e'-ah) 
[esophagus; pelv, to flow]. A discharge from the 
esophagus. 

esophagoscope, oesophagoscope {e-sof-ag'-o-skop) 
[esophago- ; o-Koirelv, to view]. An instrument for ex- 
amining the interior of the esophagus by artificial light. 

esophagoscopy, cesophagoscopy (e-sof-ag-os'-ko-pe) 
[see esophagoscope]. Examination of the interior of 
the esophagus by means of the esophagoscope. 

esophagospasm, oesophagospasm (e-sof'-ag-o- 
spazm). See esophagismus. 

esophagostenosis, oesophagostenosis (e-sof-ag-o- 
sten-o'-sis) [esophago-; o-revwa-is, constriction]. Con- 
striction of the esophagus. 

esophagostoma, oesophagostoma (e-sof-ag-os'-to- 
mah) [esophago-; arbna, a mouth]. An abnormal 
aperture or passage into the esophagus. 



esophagostomy, oesophagostomy (e-sof-ag-os'-to-me) 
[see esophagostoma]. The formation of an artificial 
opening in .the esophagus, e. externa, the surgical 
opening of the esophagus from the surface of the neck 
for the removal of foreign bodies, e. interna, incision 
of the esophagus from the inside by means of the 
esophagotome for relief of stricture. 

esophagotome, oesophagotome (e-sof-ag'-o-tom). 
An instrument devised for cutting into the esophagus. 

esophagotomy, oesophagotomy (e-sof-ag-ot'-o-me) 
[esophago-; rop.fi, a cutting]. Opening of the esopha- 
gus by an incision. 

esophagus, oesophagus (e-sof'-ag-us) [olou>, future of 
(j>kpeiv, to carry; <payelv, to eat]. The gullet. The • 
musculo-membranous canal, about nine inches in 
length, extending from the pharynx to the stomach. 

esophoria (es-o-fo'-re-ah). See heterophoria. 

esosphenoiditis {es-o-sfe-noid-i' -tis) [eoxo, within; 
sphenoid; tns, inflammation]. Osteomyelitis of the 
sphenoid bone. 

esoteric (e-so-ter'-ik) [eawrepbs, inner]. Arising 
within the organism. 

esothyropexy (es-o-thi'-ro-peks-e). See exothyro- 
pexy. 

esotropia (e-so-lro'-pe-ah) [e<ru, inward; rpeweiv, to 
turn]. Convergent strabismus. 

espnoic (esp-no'-ik) [ea, into; irvorj, vapor]. 1. In- 
spiratory. 2. Relating to the injection of gases or 
vapors. 

essence (es'-ens) [essentia, essence]. 1. That 
which gives to anything its character or peculiar 
quality. 2. The peculiar qualities • of a drug ex- 
tracted and reduced to a small compass. 3. A solu- 
tion of an essential oil in alcohol. 

essential (es-en'-shal) [essence]. 1. Pertaining to 
the essence of a substance. 2. Of diseases, occurring 
without a known cause, e. oils, the volatile oils 
obtained from aromatic plants by distillation or 
fermentation, e. paralysis, paralysis without charac- 
teristic anatomical lesions, e. vertigo, vertigo without 
appreciable cause. 

ester (es'-ter). A compound ether containing both 
an acid and an alcohol radical. 

esthematology {es-them-at-oV -o-je) [aladrjua, a 
perception; Aoyos, science]. The science of the 
sensations and of the sense-apparatus. 

esthesia {es-the'-ze-ah) [ato-Orjais, sensation]. in- 
capacity of perception; feeling, or sensation. 2. Any 
nervous disease that affects the senses or perceptions. 

esthesioblast (es-the'-ze-o-blast) [al<r9ri<ns, sensa- 
tion; fiXaarros, a germ]. Same as ganglioblast. 

esthesiodermia (es-the-ze-o-der'-me-ah) [alo-driais, 
sensation; dep/xo, skin]. An affection of the skin 
with disturbance of the sensory function, which may 
be decreased, increased, or abolished. 

esthesiogen (es-the'-ze-o-jen) [alcr0r)<ris, sensation; 
7ew5i', to produce]. Any material, as a metaU 
which in certain states of the body appears to have a 
specific effect upon the sensibility of the patient. 

esthesiogenic (es-the-ze-o-jen'-ik) [aladrja-Ls, sensa- 
tion; 7ewai', to produce]. Relating to the production 
of sensations. 

esthesiogeny (es-the-ze-oj'-en-e) [alad-rjais, sensa- 
tion; yevvav, to produce]. The production of altered 
or perverted sensations. 

esthesiography (es-the-ze-og'-ra-fe) [aladrjais, sen- 
sation; ypa<j>et.v, to write]. A description of the or- 
gans of sensation and perception. 

esthesiology (es-the-ze-ol'-o-je) [alaOriffis, a feeling; 
X670S, science]. A treatise on, or the science of, the 
senses. 

esthesiomania {es-the-ze-o-ma'-ne-ah) [ata6Ti<ris r 
feeling; navia, madness]. Insanity marked by 
perverted moral feeling and by purposeless eccen- 
tricities^ 

esthesiometer {es-the-ze-om' -z-ter) [ataOriais, sen- 
sation; p.krpov, a. measure]. An instrument for 
measuring tactile sensibility. 

esthesiometry (es-the-ze-om'-et-re) [alffOrjaLs, sen- 
sation; tikrpov, measure]. The measurement or 
estimation of tactile sensibility. 

esthesioneure (es-lhe'-ze-o-nur) [al<rdri<ris, sensa- 
tion; vevpov, a nerve]. A sensory neuron. 

esthesioneurosis (es-the-se-o-nu-ro'-sis) [aio-0ij<m, 
perception; vevpov, nerve]. Any nervous disease in 
which there are disorders of sensation. 

esthesionosis (es-the-se-on'-o-sis) [attrdrjais, sensa- 
tion; voaos, disease]. See esthesiodermia. 

esthesiophysiology (es-the-ze-o-fiz-e-ol'-o-je). See 
esthesophysiology. 



ESTHESODIC 



343 



ETHIOMOPEMPHIGUS 



esthesodic (es-the-sod'-ik) [atad-no- is, sensation; 
656s, a way]. Serving to convey sense-impressions, 
as to the brain. 

esthesis (es-the'-sis) [ataOriais, sensation]. Sensi- 
bility; sense-perception; a feeling or sense-impression. 

esthiomene (es-the-om'-en-e) [iadiofiev-n, eating]. 
Lupus vulgaris. 

esthiomenous (es-the-om'-en-us) [iadiofievr], eat- 
ing]. Corroding; phagedenic. 

esthophysiology (es-tho-fiz-e-ol'-o-je) [esthesis ; physi- 
ology]. The physiology of sensation and of the 
sense-apparatus. 

estival, aestival (es'-iiv-al) [cestas, summer]. In 
biology, produced in summer. 

estivation (es-tiv-a'-shun) [ceslivare, to pass the 
summer]. In biology, (a) the dormant condition of 
certain plants and animals during the summer; 
(b) the arrangement of the floral organs in the bud. 

estivoautumnal, gestivoautumnal fever. See fever, 
remittent, e. parasite, the parasite of e. fever; it is a 
protozoan, Plasmodium prcecox. 

Estlander's operation {est' -lan-der) [Jakob August 
Estlander, Finnish surgeon, 1831-1881]. An ex- 
cision of portions of one or more ribs for the relief of 
empyema. 

eston (es'-ton). Aluminum acetate; used as a 
dusting powder. 

estoral (es'-to-ral). A colorless crystalline powder 
composed of boric acid and menthol: used by in- 
sufflation in chronic nasal catarrh. 

estriasis, oestriasis (es-tri'-as-is) [CEstrus, a genus 
of dipterous insects]. Myiasis due to the larva of 
the CEstrus. 

estrual (es'-tru-al) [olarpos, gad-fly]. Pertaining 
to estruation. 

estruation (es-tru-a' -shun) [estrum]. Sexual excite- 
ment; the socalled heat of animals. 

estrum, oestrum, estrus, oestrus (es'-trum, es'-trus) 
[olffrpos, gadfly]. Sexual desire; the orgasm. 

estuarium (es-tu-a'-re-um) [cestus, heat]. 1. A 
vapor-bath; also a stove designed to apply warm, dry 
air to all parts of the body at the same time. 2. A 
tube through which a hot cautery-iron can be passed 
to the part to be operated upon. 

estuation (est-u-a'-shun) [cestus, heat]. Heat; 
boiling; fever; a heated state. 

esuritis (es-u-ri'-tis) [esuries, hunger]. Gastric 
ulceration from inanition. 

etat mamelonne (a'-tah mah-mel-on-a') [Fr.]. A 
condition of the stomach in chronic gastritis in which 
there is a projection of small elevations consisting of 
hyperplastic mucous membrane. 

etat vermoulu (a-tah var -moo-loo) [Fr., worm-eaten 
state]. Irregular ulcerations found on the surface of 
the brain in connection with advanced arterio- 
sclerosis. 

Eternod, sinus ensiformis of. A vascular loop 
connecting the vessels of the chorion with the vessels 
on the under aspect of the yolk-sac. 

ethacol (elh'-ak-ol). The ethyl morphine salt of 
guaiacol-sulphonic acid. 

ethanol (eth'-an-ol). See alcohol (2). 

ethene (eth' -en). Same as ethylene, e. chloride, 
C2H4CI2. Dutch liquid. An anesthetic resembling 
chloroform, but less dangerous. 

etheogenesis (e-the-o-jen'-es-is) [ydeos, bachelor; 
7£iwis, production]. Non-sexual reproduction by 
male gametes of protozoa. 

ether, aether (e'-ther) [alB-qp, the upper air]. 
1. The subtle fluid filling space and penetrating all 
bodies, the medium of transmission of light, heat, 
electricity, and magnetism. 2. A compound formed 
hypothetically from H2O by the substitution of two 
alcohol radicals for the H. 3. Diethylic oxide 
(C2H5)20, a thin, colorless, volatile, and highly in- 
flammable liquid. The ether of the U. S. P. contains 
96 % by weight of absolute ether and about 4 % of 
alcohol containing a little water; its specific gravity 
at 15° C. is 0.725-0.728. Its chief use is as an 
anesthetic, it being less dangerous than chloroform. 
It is also employed as a cardiac stimulant in sudden 
heart-failure and as a carminative. Dose by the 
mouth 30 min.-2 dr. (2-8 Cc.) in ice-water. Syn., 
ethyl oxide; ethylic ether; sulphuric ether, e., acetic 
(cether aceticus, U. S. P.), has properties like those of 
ethylic ether. Dose 10 min.-i dr. (0.65-4.0 Cc). 
e., anesthetic. 1. A mixture of ether, 20 parts; 
rhigolene, 80 parts; and petroleum ether, 80 parts; 
it is used as a local anesthetic. 2. A mixture of 
absolute alcohol and ether, each, 1 part, and petro- 



leum ether, 4 parts, e., chloric, a mixture of chloro- 
form and alcohol, e., chlormethylmenthyl-, C10 . - 
H19— O . CH2CI, obtained from the action of formal- 
dehyde upon menthol in the presence of hydrochloric 
•acid. It is used in the treatment of catarrhal 
affections of the air-passages. Syn., forman. e., 
compound anesthetic, a combination of equal parts 
of rhigolene and anhydrous ethyl-ether employed as 
a spray to produce local anesthesia, e. cone, an 
apparatus used in the administration of ether. 
e. drunkenness, intoxication produced by drinking 
ether, e., ethylic. See ether (3). e., ethylmethyl, 
CH3O . C2H5, obtained from sodium methylate by 
the action of ethyl iodide; it is said to be an effectual 
anesthetic, free from baleful effects, ae. fortior, the 
ether of the U. S. P. e., hydriodic. See ethyl iodide. 
e., hydrobromic, ethyl bromide. Dose 10 min.-i dr. 
(0.65-4.0 Cc). e.-mentholchloroform, a combina- 
tion of ether, 15 parts; chloroform, 10 parts; and 
menthol, 1 part; it is used as an anesthetic spray. 
e., methylethyl, C3H8O, a mixed ether composed of 
one molecule of ethyl and one of methyl, combined 
with one atom of oxygen. It is used as an anesthetic. 
Syn., three-carbon ether, e., ozone, e., ozonic, e., 
ozonized, a mixture of ether, hydrogen peroxide, 
and alcohol. It is used in diabetes and whooping- 
cough. Dose 30-60 gr. (2-4 Gm.) 3 times daily. 
It is used also as a local antiseptic in scarlatina. 
e., spirit of (spiritus cetheris, U. S. P.), a solution 
of ether in twice its volume of alcohol, e., spirit of, 
compound (spiritus cetheris compositus, U. S. P.). 
See Hoffmann's anodyne, e., sulphurated, a mixture 
of sulphur, 1 part; ether, 10 parts. It is used in 
cholera in teaspoonful doses mixed with carbonated 
water, e., sulphuric. See ether (3). e., terebin- 
tbinated, a combination of ether, 4 parts, and oil of 
turpentine, 1 or 2 parts. It is used in the treatment 
of gall-stone. Dose 10-20 min. (0.6-1.2 Cc). e., 
Wiggers' anesthetic. See ethyl chloride, poly- 
chlorated. 

ethereal (e-the'-re-al) [ether]. 1. Pertaining to the 
ether. 2. Made of ether, as ethereal tinctures. 
3. Volatile. 

etheride (e'-ther-id). A comprehensive term for 
any combination of formyl with a haloid. 

etherification (e-ther-if-ik-a'-shun) [ether; facer e, 
to make]. The formation of an ether from an 
alcohol. 

etherify (e-ther'-if-i) [ether; facer e, to make]. To 
convert into ether. 

etherin, etherine (e'-ther-in, -en). 1. A solid, 
crystalline body, obtained from ethylene by distilla- 
tion. 2. A toxin extracted in ether, by Auclair, 
from tubercle bacilli. Syn., etherobacillin. 

etherion (e-the'-re-on). A gas believed to exist in 
the air, with a heat conductivity one hundred times 
that of oxygen. 

etherioscope (e-the'-re-o-skop) [ether; anoirtlv, to 
examine]. An apparatus for estimating the pro- 
portions of ether or of acetic acid to water in a given 
solution. 

etherism (e'-ther-izm). The phenomena produced 
upon the animal economy by the administration of 
ether. 

etherization (e-ther-iz-a'-shun) [ether]. The ad- 
ministration of ether to produce anesthesia. This is 
effected by inhalation of the vapor. 

etherize (e'-ther-iz) [ether]. To administer ether. 

etherobacillin (e-ther-o-bas-il'-in). See etherin 
(2). 

etherochloroform (e-ther-o-klo'-ro-form). A mixture 
of ether and chloroform employed in long-continued 
anesthesia. 

etheromania (e-ther-o-ma'-ne-ah) [ether; tiavia, 
madness]. The mania for drinking ether; ether 
intoxication. 

etheryl (e'-ther-il). See ethylene. 

ethics (eth'-iks) [-hdiKbs, moral]. The science of 
human feelings, thoughts^ and actions relating to 
duty or morality, e., medical, the duties a physician 
owes to himself, his profession and his fellowmen. 

ethidene (eth' -id-en) [ether], C2H4. Ethylidene, a 
bivalent radical, e. chloride, e. dichloride, a color- 
less fluid, tasting and smelling like chloroform. It 
has been used as a general anesthetic. See under 
anesthetic. 

ethin, ethine (eth' -in, -en). See acetylene. 

ethiomopemphigus (eth-e-o-mo-pem' -fe-gus) [Wifios, 
accustomed; irkixfat, a pustule]. Continued or 
habitual pemphigus. 



ETHIONIC 



344 



ETIOLATION 



ethionic (eth-e-on'-ik) [ethylene; deiov, sulphur]. 
Made up of ethylene and a sulphur compound. 

ethiopification (e-the-op-if-ik-a'-shun) [aldlo\p, an 
Ethiopian; facer e, to make]. A darkening of the 
skin such as sometimes results from the misuse of 
mercurial, silver or arsenical remedies. 

ethmocarditis {eth-mo-kar-di'-tis) [t/0m6s, a sieve; 
Kapdla, heart; ira, inflammation]. Inflammation 
of the connective tissue of the heart. 

ethmocephalus (eth-mo-sef-al-us) [r^/ios, a sieve; 
Ke<t>a\ri, head]. A variety of single autositic monsters 
in which there is a rudimentary nose in the shape of a 
proboscis terminating anteriorly in two imperfect 
nostrils or in a single opening. 

ethmocranial (eth-mo-kra'-ne-al) [ethmoid; Kpavlov, 
skull]. Relating to the ethmoid and to the rest of 
the cranium. 

ethmodermitis (eth-mo-derm-i'-tis) [yOfios, a sieve; 
Skpfia, the skin; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation 
of the connective tissue of the skin. 

ethmofrontal (eth-mo-frun'-tal) [ethmoid; frontal]. 
Relating to the ethmoid and frontal bones. 

ethmoid (eth'-moid) [vQfios, a sieve; elSos, like- 
ness], i. The sieve-like bone of the nose, perforated 
for the transmission of the olfactory nerve; it forms 
a part of the base of the skull. 2. Relating to the 
ethmoid bone. 

ethmoidectomy (eth-moi-dek'-to-me) [ethmoid; in- 
Tonri, excision]. 1. Excision of the ethmoid cells. 2. 
Excision of part of the ethmoid bone. 

ethmoiden (eth-moi'-den) . Belonging to the 
ethmoid bone in itself. 

ethmoiditis (eth-moi-di'-tis) [ethmoid; trts, inflam- 
mation]. Inflammation of the ethmoid bone or of 
the ethmoid sinuses. 

ethmoidofrontal (eth-moid-o-frunt'-al). Relating to 
the ethmoid and frontal bones. 

ethmolacrimal (eth-mo-lak'-rim-al). Relating to 
the junction of the ethmoid and lacrimal bones. 

ethmopalatine (eth-mo-pal'-a-tin). Relating to the 
ethmoid and palatal bones, area, or cartilage. 

ethmophlogosis (eth-mo-flo-go'-sis). See cellulitis. 

ethmoplecosis (eth-mo-ple-ko'-sis) [ydfios, sieve; 
irXeKew, to twine]. Any disease attacking the cellu- 
lar tissue. 

ethmosphenoid (eth-mo-sfe'-noid). Relating to the 
ethmoid and sphenoid bones. 

ethmoturbinal {eth-mo-tur' -bin-al). Relating to 
the turbinal portions of the ethmoid bone, forming 
what are known as the superior and middle turbinated 
bones. 

ethmovomerine (eth-mo-vo'-mer-in). Relating to 
the ethmoid bone and the vomer. 

ethmyphitis (eth-mif-i'-tis). See cellulitis. 

ethnic (eth-nik) [Wvos, a race]. Pertaining to 
race. e. idiocy. See idiocy, ethnic. 

ethnography (eth-nog'-ra-fe) [Wvos, nation; ypa<f>kv, 
to write]. A description of the races of men. 

ethnology (eth-nol'-o-je) [fflpos, a nation; Xoyos, 
science]. The comparative study of the races of 
mankind. 

ethoxide (eth-oks'-id) , R . O . C2H5. A compound 
of ethyl, oxygen, and a radical or element; an ethylate. 

ethoxycaffeine (eth-oks-e-kaf'-e-in), C10H14N4O3. A 
remedy recommended in herpes zoster and migraine. 
Dose 4 gr. (0.26 Gm.). 

ethyl (eth'-il) [ether; 8X17, matter]. The alcohol 
radical, C2H5. Syn., deutyl. e.-acetanilide, C10H13- 
NO, obtained from ethyl, anilin, and acetyl chloride 
by heating. It is analgesic and antipyretic. Syn., 
acetethylanilide. e.-alcohol, ordinary alcohol of the 
pharmacopeia. See under alcohol, e. bisulphide, 
C4H10S2, a highly inflammable, colorless, oily liquid 
with odor of garlic; soluble in alcohol, ether, and 
chloroform; slightly soluble in water, e. bromide, 
C2H5Br, a rapid and transient anesthetic; internally 
it has been recommended as a soporific in doses of 
5-20 min. (0.3-1.3 Cc.) greatly diluted with ice- 
water. Syn., bromethyl ; monobromethane. See under 
anesthetic, e. carbamate (cethylis carbamis, U. S. P.), 
urethane. e. carbonate. C5H10O2, an inflammable, 
colorless, fragrant liquid, soluble in alcohol and ether, 
boils at 126 C; sp. gr., 0.999 at o° C. e.-chloral- 
ur ethane. See somnal. e. chloride (cethylis chloridum, 
U. S. P.), C2H5CI, an anesthetic resembling chloro- 
form in action, e. chloride, polychlorated, a com- 
bination of chlorinated ethyl chloride; a clear, color- 
less liquid, with aromatic odor, miscible in alcohol 
and ether. It is a local anesthetic and irritant. 
e. formate, C3H6O2, a colorless liquid with fragrance 



of peach-kernels, soluble in ether, water, and alcohol. 
It is hypnotic and analgesic. Dose 1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc). 
Syn., formic ether, e. hydrate, ordinary alcohol. 
e. hydrocupreine, a derivative of quinine with the 
formula Q9H22N2OH.O.C2H5. It is supposed to 
have a specific influence on the pneumococcus. 
e. iodide, C2H5I, hydriodic ether, used to relieve the 
dyspnea of bronchitic asthma and edematous laryn- 
gitis. Dose to be inhaled 5 min. (0.32 Cc.) 3 or 4 
times daily, e. lactate, C5H10O3, a yellowish or 
colorless limpid liquid, soluble in water; it is hypnotic 
and sedative. Dose 8-16 min. (0.5-1 Cc). e. 
nitrite, C2H5NO2, a very volatile, inflammable, 
ethereal liquid; it is used in alcoholic solution and 
called sweet spirit of niter, e. oxide. See ether (3). 
e.-pyoktanin, is recommended in surgery and oph- 
thalmology as more active than ordinary pyoktanin. 
e. sulphide, CsHioS, an oily liquid with an odor of 
garlic, soluble in alcohol; melts at 93° C; sp. gr., 
0.837 at 20 C. e. thiocarbimid, C3H5NS; it is used 
as a local irritant in rheumatism, etc. Syn., ethyl 
mustard oil. e. valerate, C7H14O2, a reaction-product 
of sodium isovalerate, alcohol, and sulphuric acid; 
it is antispasmic and sedative. Dose 1-2 min. (0.06- 
0.12 Cc.) several times daily. Syn., isovaleric ether. 

ethylamine {eth-iV -am-en) [ethyl; amin], C2H7N. 
A ptomaine found in putrefying yeast, e. urate, a 
remedy for gout and vesical calculi. 

ethylate (eth'-il-at). A compound of ethylic 
alcohol in which the H of the hydroxyl is replaced 
by a base. 

ethylation {eth-il-a' -shun) . The act or process of 
combining with ethyl. 

ethylchloralurethane {eth-il-klo-ral-u'-reth-an) . 

Same as somnal. 

ethylene (eth'-il-en) [ethyl], defiant gas, C2H4. 
A colorless, poisonous gas which burns with a bright, 
luminous flame, and when mixed with air explodes 
violently. 1 1 is one of the constituents of illuminating 
gas. e. bichloride, e. chloride. See ethene chloride. 
e. bromide, a light, brownish-colored liquid with the 
formula C2H4Br2. It has been used in epilepsy. 
Dose f-2 min. (0.05-0.13 Cc). e. chloride, mono- 
chlorinated, C2H3CI3, a colorless liquid with pleasant 
odor, obtained from vinyl chloride by action of 
antimony pentachloride ; it is used as an anesthetic. 
Syn., monochlor ethylene chloride; vinyl trichloride. 
e.-guaiacol. See guaiacol ethylenate. 

ethylenediamine {eth-il-en-di'-a-min). A non- 
poisonous base isomeric with ethylidenediamine; a 
solvent of albumin and fibrin, used in diphtheria. 
e.-cresol, a colorless liquid used as a wound anti- 
septic, e.-tricresol, a mixture of ethylenediamine, 
10 parts; tricresol, 10 parts; distilled water, 500 
parts; it is used as an antiseptic in 0.1 to 1 % solu- 
tion. Syn., kresamin. 

ethylenethenyldiamine (eth-il-en-eth-en-il-di' -am- 
in). See lysidin. 

ethylenimid, ethylenimin {eth-il-en-im'-id, -in). 
1. See piperazin. 2. C2H5N. A non-poisonous base 
found in cholera cultures and believed to be identical 
with spermin. 

ethylic (eth-iV-ik). Relating to or obtained from 
ethyl, e. alcohol, ethyl-alcohol, e. aldehyde, acetic 
aldehyde, e. ether. See ether (3). 

ethylidene {eth-iV -id-en) . See ethidene. 

ethylidenediamine (eth-il-id-en-di'-a-min), C2H4, 
(NH2)2. A poisonous ptomaine obtained from decom- 
posing haddock. Injections into mice and guinea- 
pigs produce hypersecretion from mouth, nose, and 
eyes, mydriasis, exophthalmos, great dyspnea, and 
death. 

ethylism (eth'-il-izm). Poisoning by ethyl alcohol. 

ethylization (eth-il-i-za'-shun). The induction of 
the physiological effects of ethyl bromide. 

ethylize (eth'-il-iz). To anesthetize with ethyl 
bromide. 

ethylol (eth'-il-ol). Ethyl chloride. 

ethylphenylcarbamate, ethylphenylurethane {eth- 
il-fen-il-kar'-ba-mat, -u' -re-than) . See euphorin. 

ethylthallin (eth-n-thal'-in). An antipyretic com- 
pound derived from phenol. 

ethylurethane {eth-il-u'-reth-an). See urethane. 

etiolate (e'-te-o-lat) [F., etioler, to blanch]. In 
biology, to blanch or be whitened by the exclusion of 
light. 

etiolation (e-te-o-la'-shun) [Fr., etioler, to blanch]. 
1. The paleness or blanching, in plants or animals, 
from confinement in darkness. 2. Pallor in patients, 
following a long illness. 



ETIOLOGICAL 



345 



EULATIN 



etiological, etiologic (e-te-o-loj'-ik-al, e-te-ol-oj'-ik). 
Pertaining to etiology. 

etiology (e-te-ol'-o-je) [atria, a cause; \6yos, sci- 
ence], i. The causation of disease. 2. The science 
of the causes of the phenomena of life and their 
relation to physical laws in general. 

etionymous, aetionymous (e-te-on'-im-us) [alrla, 
a cause; 6wp.a, name]. A term derived from the 
name of a cause; it is applied to diseases; e. g., alco- 
holism, lead-colic. 

etrotomy (e-trot'-o-me) [f/rpov, belly; to/xi?, sec- 
tion]. _ A name proposed for pelvic section. 

eubiol (u'-be-ol). A preparation of hemoglobin. 

eubiose (u'-be-os). A highly concentrated pro- 
prietary hematogenous substance. 

eucaine (u'-ka-in, or u-kan'). The commercial 
name for a local anesthetic used as a substitute for 
cocaine, o-e., e. a, alpha-e., C19H27NO4 . HC1 +H2O, a 
benzoyl-meta-methyltetramethyl-para-oxypiperidin- 
carboxylicmethylester, occurring in glossy prisms 
melting at 104 C. The hydrochloride is used. Ap- 
plication to nose or throat, 5 to 10 % solution; dental 
surgery, 10 % solution. 0-e., e. b, beta-e., C15H21- 
NO2 . HC1, benzoyl vinyldiacetonalkamine hydro- 
chloride; white crystals soluble in 3 J parts of water, 
melting at 263 ° C. It is used in 2 % solution in 
dental surgery as more active and less toxic than 
cocaine, for which it is used as a substitute. /3-e. 
acetate, recommended for use in ophthalmology. 

eucalyptene (u-kal-ip' '-ten) , C10H16. A hydro- 
carbon from eucalyptol; the hydrochloride is used 
as an intestinal antiseptic. Dose 20-30 gr. (1.33- 
2.0 Gm.). e. hydrochloride. See eucalypteol. 

eucalypteol (u-kal-ip' -te-ol), C10H162HCI. It is 
used as an intestinal antiseptic. Dose 24 gr. (1.6 
Gm.) daily. Children, 4-12 gr. (0.26-0.78 Gm.) 
daily. Syn., terpilene dihydrochloride. 

eucalyptol (u-kal-ip' -tol) [eucalyptus], CioHisO. 
A neutral principle obtained from the volatile oil of 
Eucalyptus globulus and of some other species of 
Eucalyptus. It is used in bronchitis and malaria, 
and also in ear diseases and in urethritis, and ex- 
ternally in various liniments and washes. Dose 5-10 
min. (0.32-0.65 Cc), in capsules, 3 times daily. 

eucalyptus (u-kal-ip' -tus) [ev, well; KaXvirreiv, to 
cover]. The leaves of E. globulus, native to Austra- 
lia, but now cultivated in California. It contains a 
volatile oil from which eucalyptol is obtained. The 
properties largely depend on the volatile oil. Eucal- 
yptus has been used as an antiseptic, as a stimulant 
to mucous membranes, as an antispasmodic in 
asthma, in migraine, and, with doubtful success in 
malaria. E. rostrata is recommended in sea-sickness. 
Dose 1 gr. (0.06 Gm.) 3 or 4 times daily, e., fluid- 
extract of (fluid extr actum eucalypti, U. S. P.). Dose 
30 min. (2 Cc). e., oil of (oleum eucalypti, U. S. P.), 
the volatile oil. Dose 5 min. (0.32 Cc.) in capsules 
or emulsion, e., ointment of (unguentum eucalypti, 
B. P.), contains 20 % of the oil. 

eucanthus (u-kan' -thus) [ev, expressive of great- 
ness; canthus]. Any enlargement of the fleshy 
papilla at the inner canthus of the eye. 

eucasin (u'-ka-sin). A casein food-preparation 
soluble in warm water, obtained by pouring ammonia 
over casein. 

eucasol (u'-kas-ol). Soluble eucalyptolanytol, a 
preparation containing 25 per cent, of eucalyptol; 
it is used in dental surgery. 

euchinin (u'-kin-in), C2H5O . CO . OC20H23O. An 
ethylcarbonic ester of quinine. It is used in whoop- 
ing-cough, pneumonia, malaria, etc. Dose 15-30 
gr. (1-2 Gm.). 

euchlorhydria (u-klor-hi'-dre-ah) [ev, well; x^upfc, 
green; Mwp.water]. The presence of a normal, 
amount of hydrochloric acid in the gastric juice. 

euchlorine (u-klor'-in) [ev, well; x^wpos, green]. 
1. Chlorine protoxide, an antiseptic. 2. A mixture 
of potassium chlorate and hydrochloric acid; it is 
used as a spray and gargle in diphtheria. 

eucholia (u-ko'-le-ah) [ev, well; x°^y, bile]. Normal 
condition of the bile. 

euchromatopsia (u-kro-mat-op'-se-ah) [el, well; 
xpuna, color; oi^is, sight]. Capacity for correct 
recognition of colors. 

euchylia (u-ki'-le-ah) [ei>, well; x^Xos, the chyle]. 
A normal condition of the chyle. 

euchymia (u-ki'-me-ah) [ev, well; xw*°s» juice]. 
A healthy condition of the fluids of the body. 

eucinesia, eukinesia (u-kin-e'-se-ah) [ei>, well; 
KiVijcm, motion]. Normal power of movement. 



eucol (u'-kol). A combination of eucalyptol, 
santal oil, cubeb, oleoresin, creosote, and cod-liver 
oil; it is used in bronchitis and pulmonary consump- 
tion. 

eucrasia (u-kra'-she-ah) [ev, well; Kpaau, combi- 
nation]. A healthy condition of the blood or general 
system; a condition of diminished susceptibility to 
disease. 

eucrasic (u-kra'-sik) [see eucrasia]. 1. In a s con- 
dition of good health. 2. Opposed to dyscrasia or 
capable of bettering it. 

eucyesia, eucyesis (u-si-e'-ze-ah, u-si-e'-sis) [ev, 
well; tcvrjais, pregnancy]. Normal pregnancy. 

eudermol (u-der'-mol). The proprietary name of 
nicotine salicylate; used as an ointment in the treat- 
ment of skin diseases. 

eudesmin (u-dez'-min), C26H30O8. A substance 
found in the kino of Eucalyptus hemiphloia. 

eudiemorrhysis, eudiaemorrhysis (u-di-em-or'-is-is) 
[ev, well; 5td, through; alua, blood; piiais, a flowing]. 
The normal flowing of the blood through the capil- 
laries. _ 

eudiaphoresis (il-di-af-o-re'-sis) [ev, well; dia- 
phoresis]. A healthy condition of perspiration. 

eudiometer (u-de-om'-et-er) [evdla, calm weather; 
nerpov, measure]. An instrument for ascertaining 
the purity of the air, and for the analysis of gases. 

eudiometry (u-di-om'-et-re). See analysis, gaso- 
metric. 

eudosmol (u-doz'-mol), CioHieO. A crystalline 
camphor obtained from various species of eucalyptus. 

eudoxin (u-doks'-in). The proprietary name of the 
bismuth salt of tetraiodophenolphthalein (nosophen) ; 
it is used as an intestinal antiseptic. Dose 3-8 gr. 
(0.2-0.5 Gm.) 3 times daily. 

eudrenin (u-dren'-in). Trade name of. a local 
anesthetic composed of eucaine and adrenalin. 

euesthesia (u-es-ihe' -ze-ah) [ev, well; aladriais, 
sensation]. The sense of well-being; vigor and 
normal condition of the senses. 

euformol (u-form'-ol). A proprietary antiseptic 
containing oils of eucalyptus and wintergreen, 
thymol, menthol, boric acid, extract of wild indigo, 
and formaldehyde. 

eugallol (u-gal'-ol). Pyrogallol monoacetate; it is 
used in skin diseases, applied with a brush to the 
affected part, being a powerful inflammatory irritant 
upon healthy skin. 

eugatol (u'-gat-ol). A solution of sodium para- 
amino-diphenylamine monosulphate and of ortho- 
amino-phenol-sulphate. Used as a hair-dye. 

eugenesis (u-jen'-es-is) [ev, well; y'eveai.%, genera- 
tion]. In biology, fertility. 

Eugenia (u-je'-ne-ah) [after Prince Eugene,^ of 
Savoy]. A genus of trees and shrubs, mostly tropical, 
among which are E. caryophyllata, which yields 
caryophyllus, and E. pimenta, which produces 
pimenta. 

eugenic acid_ (u-jen'-ik). See eugenol. 

eugenics (u-jen'-iks) [evyevrjs, well-born]. The 
science of generative or procreative development. 
The doctrine of progress of humanity through im- 
proved conditions in the relations of the sexes. 

eugenin (u'-jen-in). See caryophyllus. 

eugenoform (u-jen'-o-form). The sodium salt of 
eugenolcarbinol ; it is an antiseptic and bactericide. 
Dose 8-15 gr. (0.5-1.0 Gm.). 

eugenol (u'-jen-ol), C10H12O2. Eugenic acid; a 
phenol-like compound that occurs in clove-oil and 
in allspice, and is convertible into vanillin. It is 
used as an antiseptic and as a local anesthetic in 
dentistry. Dose 15 gr. (1 Gm.) well diluted, e.- 
acetamide, O2H15O3N, used in the form of a fine 
powder as a local anesthetic and wound antiseptic. 

euglobulin (u-glob'-u-lin). A protein which with 
pseudoglobulin forms serum-globulin. 

eugoform (u' -go-form). A fine, insoluble powder, 
recommended as a dusting-powder or in ointments 
(2.5 to 10 %) in skin diseases. Syn., acetylized 
guaiacol-methylene. 

eukinesia (u-kin-e'-se-ah). See eucinesia. 

eulachon oil, or eulachoni oleum (u'-lak-on, or 
u-lak-o'-ni o'-le-um) [native name in North Pacific 
Islands]. Candle-fish oil. The oil of the fish 
Thaleichlhys pacificus, or candle-fish. It is less 
disagreeable than cod-liver oil, for which it is often 
substituted. Dose 5 j-iv. 

eulactol (u-lak'-tol). A dietetic preparation of 
milk and eggs. 

eulatin (u'-lat-in). A proprietary compound of 



EULEXIN 



346 



EURYGNATHUS 



antipyrine with amidobenzoic and bromobenzoic 
acid. 

eulexin (u-leks'-in). A proprietary remedy for 
diabetes mellitus; it is said to consist of jambul, 
Paraguay tea, cascara sagrada, aromatics, and 
glycerol. Dose 16 min.-2 dr. (1-8 Cc.) every 4 
hours. 

eulyptol (u-lip'-tol). An antiseptic preparation 
composed of salicylic acid, 6 parts; phenol and 
essence of eucalyptus, of each, 1 part. 

eulysin (u'-lis-in). A greenish-yellow resin found 
with bilin in bile. 

eumenol (u'-men-ol). A nontoxic fluid extract 
of Aralia cordata, of China and Japan. It is said 
to be an efficient emmenagogue. Dose 1 teaspoonful 
(S Cc.) 3 times daily. 

eumetria (u-met'-re-ah) [ev, well; ukrpov, measure]. 
The exact quantity of muscular effort which is re- 
quired to accomplish a definite result. 

eumictin (u-mik'-tin). Preparation of santol, 
salol, and uro tropin; used as a remedy for gonorrhea. 

eumycetes (u-mi-se'-tez) [ev, well; /jlvktjs, fungus]. 
Same as hyphomycetes. 

eumydrin (u-mid'-rin). Trade name of atropine 
methylnitrate, a white powder, used as a mydriatic 
and also to control the night-sweats of phthisis. 

eunatrol (u-nat'-rol). Oleate of sodium, recom- 
mended as a cholagogue. Dose 15 gr (1 Gm.) twice 
daily. 

eunoia (u-noi'-ah) . [ev, well ; vovs, mind]. Normal 
condition of mind and will. 

eunol (u'-nol). A preparation of naphthols and 
eucalyptols used in the treatment of skin diseases. 

eunuch (u'-nuk) [ewovxos, guardian of the couch]. 
A male whose genital organs have been removed or 
mutilated so as to render him impotent. 

eunuchism (u'-nuk-izm). The condition of being 
a eunuch. 

eunuchoid (u'-nuk-oid) [eunuch; elSos, resembling]. 
Having the characteristics of a eunuch. 

eunuchoidism (u' ' -nuk-oid-izm) [eunuchoid]. Eu- 
nuchism in which the testicles are present, but their 
internal secretion is absent. 

euonymin (u-on'-im-in). A precipitate from the 
tincture of euonymus; it is tonic, laxative, and 
expectorant. Dose §-3 gr. (0.032-0.2 Gm.). 

euonymit (.u-on'-im-it). See dulcitol. 

euonymus (u-on'-im-us) [ev6>wp.os, having a good 
name]. Wahoo; the bark of E. atropurpurea a mild 
purgative and cholagogue. e., extract of (extractum 
euonymi, U. S. P.). Dose 1-5 gr. (0.065-0.32 Gm.). 
e., fluidextract of {fluidextr actum euonymi, U. S. P.). 
Dose 8 min. (0.5 Cc). 

eupareunia (u-par-u'-ne-ah) [ev, well; irapewos, 
spouse]. Sexual compatibility. 

eupathia (u-path'-e-ah) [ev, well; iraOos, feeling]. 
1. Euphoria. 2. Normal sensation. 3. Sensitiveness 
to impressions. 

eupatorin (u-pat-o'-riri). 1. A precipitate from 
the tincture of thorough wort, Eupatorium perfoliatum ; 
it is aperient, emetic, febrifuge and tonic. Dose 1 to 
3 grains. 2. A crystalline glucoside from Eupatorium 
cannabinum of Europe. See also Eupurpurin. 

Eupatorium (u-pat-o'-re-um) [evwarbpiov, agri- 
mony]. A genus of composite-flowered plants. 
The leaves and flowering tops of E. perfoliatum, 
thoroughwort or boneset. It is a bitter tonic, 
diaphoretic, and feeble emetic. Dose of the powdered 
leaves 20-30 gr. (1.3-2.0 Gm.). e., fluidextract of 
{fluidextr actum eupatorii, U. S. P.). Dose 10 min.- 
1 dr. (0.65-4.0 Cc). 

eupepsia (u-pep'-se-ah) [ev, well; ■weirTeiv, to digest]. 
Sound or normal digestion. 

eupeptic (u-pep'-tik) [ev, well; ireirreiv, to digest]. 
Possessing a good digestion; promoting digestion. 

euperistalsis (u-per-is-tal'-sis) [ev, well; peristalsis]. 
The quiet peristaltic movements of the intestines in 
health. See peristalsis. 

euphonia (u-fo'-ne-ah) [ev, well; ^co^, voice]. A 
normal, good, and clear condition of the voice. 

Euphorbia (u-for'-be-ah). A genus of trees, shrubs 
and herbs, yielding a milky juice. E. corollata, 
E. ipecacuanha, American species, have been em- 
ployed in medicine on account of their emetic, 
diaphoretic, and expectorant properties. E. pilu- 
lifera, of South America and Australia, is used in 
asthma and bronchitis. E. resinifera, of Africa, 
affords euphorbium. Dose of the extract 1 gr. 
(0.065 Gm.); of the fluidextract §-1 dr. (2-4 Cc); 
of the tincture \-i dr. (2-4 Cc). 



euphorbin (u-for'-bin). A precipitate from a 
tincture of the root of Euphorbia corollata ; it is an 
emetic, expectorant, vermifuge and arterial sedative. 
Dose i to 3 grains. 

euphorbism (u-forb'-izm). Poisoning by means 
of species of Euphorbia ; it is marked by acute inflam- 
mation of the digestive tract and asphyxia. 

euphorbium (fi-for'-be-um). An acrid gum-resin 
obtained from Euphorbia resinifera. It is strongly 
purgative and vesicant, and is now mainly employed 
in veterinary medicine. 

euphorbon (u-forb'-on), C13H22O. A neutral 
substance found as a constituent of euphorbium. 

euphoria (u-for'-e-ah) [ev<f>opos, easily carried]. 
The sense of well-being; health. 

euphoric (u-for'-ik). Marked by or pertaining to 
euphoria. 

euphorin (u'-for-in) [see euphoria], C9O2H11. 
Phenylurethane, a white, crystalline powder derived 
from anilin. It is recommended as an analgesic and 
antipyretic in neuralgia and rheumatism. Dose 
5-30 gr. (0.32-2.0 Gm.) daily. 

euphthalmin (uf -thai' -min) [ev, well; 6<}>da\n6s, 
the eye], C16H25NO3HCI. The hydrochloride of the 
mandelic acid derivative of /3-eucaine; it is used as a 
mydriatic in 2 to 10 % solutions. 

euplastic (u-plas'-tik) [ev, well; ir\acraeu>, to form]. 
Capable of being transformed into healthy tissue. 

eupnea, eupncea (up-ne'-ah) [ev, well; irvelv, to 
breathe]. Normal or easy respiration. 

euporphine (u-por'-fen). Apomorphine bromo- 
methylate; it is used similarly to apomorphine 
hydrochloride. 

eupurpurin {it-pur' -pu-rin) [ev, well; purpura, 
purple]. A precipitate from the tincture oiiEupa- 
torium purpureum ; it is diuretic, stimulant, astringent, 
and tonic. Dose 1 to 4 grains. 

eupyrexia (u-pi-reks'-e-ah) [ev, well; irvp, fire]. 
A slight rise of temperature in the beginning of an 
infection. 

eupyrine (u-pi'-ren). A compound of vanillin- 
ethyl carbonate and paraphenetidin; used as an 
antipyretic. Dose, adults, 15-24 gr. (1.0-1.5 Gm.); 
children, 5-8 gr. (0.3-0.5 Gm.). 

euquinine (u-kwin'-en). Quininethylcarbonate, a 
crystalline, tasteless compound. Dose 5-30 gr. 
(0.32-2.0 Gm.). • 

euresol (u'-re-sol). The commercial name of 
resorcinol monacetate; dissolved in acetone it is 
recommended in skin diseases. 

eurobin (u'-ro-bin). The commercial name of 
chrysarobin triacetate; it is insoluble in water, but 
dissolves freely in acetone, chloroform, and ether. 
It is used in a 2 to 3 % ointment in skin diseases. 

eurodontia (u-ro-don'-she-ah) [evpws, decay; 65oDs, 
a tooth]. Dental caries. 

europhen {u'-ro-fen). Diisobutylorthocresol iodide, 
an amorphous yellow powder, recommended as a, 
substitute for iodoform. It is used hypodermatically 
in doses of i-i| gr. (0.016-0.09 Gm.) in syphilis. 

europisocephalus (u-ro-pis-o-sef -al-us) [evpvs, 
broad; oirurw, behind; Ke<j>a\i], the head]. Having the 
skull broad in the occipital region. 

europium (u-ro'-pe-um). The provisional name 
given to a supposed new element. The atomic 
weight is 152 and it lies midway between gadolinum 
and samarium. 

europrocephalus (u-ro-pro-sef -al-us) [evpvs, broad; 
irpo, in front; Ke<f>a\ri, the head]. Having a skull 
broad in front. 

eurybin (u' -re-bin). A yellowish, bitter, amorphous 
powder, soluble in water and alcohol, obtained from 
Olearia moschata. 

eurycephalic, eurycephalous (u-ris-ef-al'-ik, u-ris- 
ef '-al-us) [evpvs, wide; Ke<j>a\i), head]. Broadheaded; 
having a very wide skull. 

eurychasmus (u-rik-az'-mus) [evpvs, broad; xo-^fia, 
a chasm]. Lissauer's term for a skull in which the 
angle formed between the lines joining the joint of 
the wing of the vomer and posterior nasal spine and 
anterior margin of the foramen magnum is between 
153 and 154°- 

eurygenesis (u-re-jen'-es-is) [evpvs, broad; ykveais, 
origin]. The theory of the origin of a species by 
gradual amelioration of a race of precursors having a 
wide-spread or cosmopolitan distribution. 

eurygnathism (u-re-nath'-izm). The condition of 
having large jaws. 

eurygnathus, eurygnathous (u-re-nath'-us) [evpvs, 
broad; yvados, jaw]. Large-jawed. 



EURYNTER 



347 



EVOLUTION 



eurynter (u-rint'-er) [evpvveiv, to dilate]. An 
instrument used in dilating. Cf. colpeurynter. 

euryon (u'-re-on) [evpvs, broad]. The cranio- 
metric point at the end of the greatest transverse 
diameter of the skull. 

eurysma (u-riz'-mah) [evpvvetv, to dilate], i. Dilata- 
tion. 2. A structure which has undergone dilatation. 

eurythermal (u-rith-er'-mal) [evpvs, wide; depn-q, 
heat]. Capable of sustaining a great range of 
temperature. 

eurythermic (u-re-ther'-mik) [evpvs, broad; Qepiit), 
heat]. Referring to bacteria capable of growing 
through a wide range of temperature. 

eurythrol (u-rith'-rol) . An extract from the spleen 
of oxen, having a honey-like consistence and of 
aromatic taste and odor. Dose i to 2 teaspoonfuls 
in soup daily. 

eusapyl (u'-sa-pil). A solution of chlormetacresol 
in potassium ricinoleate; it is used as a disinfectant, 
and as an antiseptic wash. 

euscopol (u'-sko-pol). Proprietary name for 
scopolamine hydrobromide. 

eusemia (u-se'-me-ah) [ev, well; <rrjp.a, a sign]. A 
favorable sign or prognostic. 

eusemin (u'-se-min). A local anesthetic composed 
of cocaine and adrenalin, used in ophthalmic practice. 

Eustachian artery (u-sta'-ke-an) [Bartolomeo 
Eustachio, Italian anatomist, 1500-1574]- i- A 
branch of the Vidian artery. 2. A branch of the 
pterygopalatine artery. E. catheter, an instrument 
for examining, distending, or making applications to 
the Eustachian tube. E. muscle, the laxator tym- 
pani. E. tube, a canal, partly bony and partly carti- 
laginous, connecting the pharynx with the tympanic 
cavity. E. valve, the fold of the lining membrane 
of the right auricle of the heart, situated between 
the opening of the inferior vena cava and the auri- 
culoventricular orifice. 

eustachitis (u-sta-ki'-tis). Inflammation of the 
Eustachian tube. 

eustachium (u-sta'-ke-um). The Eustachian tube. 

eustenin (us'-ten-in). The double salt of theo- 
bromine sodium and sodium iodide; it is used in arteri- 
osclerosis and angina pectoris. 

Eustrongylus (u-stron' -jil-us) [ev, well; o-rpoyyv\os, 
round]. A genus of parasitic nematode worms. 
E. gigas, the largest of the parasitic nematodes. Its 
habitat is the kidney. It is met in many of the lower 
animals and rarely in man. The symptoms arising 
from its presence resemble those of renal abscess 
or calculus. The finding of the eggs in the urine is 
the most important diagnostic consideration. Oil of 
turpentine may cause migration of the worm, but 
extirpation is indicated. 

eusystole (u-sis'-to-le) [ev, well; avaroXri, con- 
traction]. A normal contraction of the cardiac 
cavities. 

eutaxia (u-taks'-e-ah) [ev, well; regis, order]. A 
normal condition of the body. 

eutectic (u-tek'-tik) [ev, well; rUreLv, to produce]. 
1. Well combined; stable; applied to a chemical 
combination which, in passing from a liquid to a 
v solid state, acts as a simple body, maintaining a 
constant temperature and its constituent substances 
remaining associated during solidification. 2. [ev, 
well; rrjKeiv, to melt]. Melting easily; said of a 
compound substance which has a lower fusing-point 
than its constituents have separately. 3. A eutectic 
substance. 

eutexia (u-teks'-e-ah). 1. The condition of being 
stable and well bcomined. 2. The quality of fusing 
at a low temperature. 

euthanasia (u-than-a'-ze-ah) [ev, well; Oavaros, 
death]. 1. An easy or calm death. 2. The killing of 
people who are suffering from an incurable or painful 
disease. 

euthenics (u-then'-iks) [evd-nvia, good state of the 
body]. "The betterment of living conditions for the 
purpose of securing efficient human beings; race im- 
provement through environment in contrast with 
eugenics which deals with race improvement through 
heredity" (Ellen H. Richards). 

euthermic (u-therm'-ik) [ev, well; B'epp.r\, heat]. 
Promoting warmth. 

euthesia (u-the'-ze-ah) [ev, well: dkais condition]. 
Good constitution or state of health. 

euthymia (u-thim'-e-ah) [ev, well; Ovp.bs, mind]. 
Tranquility; cheerfulness. 

euthymol (u-lhi'-mol). A nontoxic liquid anti- 
septic said to contain oils of eucalyptus and winter- 



green, extract of wild indigo, boric acid, menthol, 
and thymol. It is used as a spray or internally in 
doses of 1 dr. (4 Cc.) in water 3 or more times 
daily. 

eutocia (u-to'-se-ah) [ev, well; tokos, child-birth]. 
Natural or easy childbirth; normal labor. 

eutocous (u-to'-kus) [see eutocia], 1. Having an 
easy delivery. 2. Prolific. 

eutrichosis (u-trik-o'-sis) [ev, well; Opl£, hair]. 
A healthy, normal development of the hair. 

eutrophic (u-tro'-fik) [ev, well; rp&peLv, to nourish]. 
Pertaining to eutrophy; promoting the nutritive 
process; well-nourished; a drug to improve nutrition. 

eutrophy, eutrophia (u'-tro-fe, u-tro' -fe-ah) [ev, 
well; Tpecj>eLv, to nourish]. A state of normal or 
healthy nutrition; the condition of being well nour- 
ished. 

evacuant (e-vak'-u-ant) [evacuare, to empty]. 
1. Emptying. 2. A medicine that causes the empty- 
ing of an organ, especially the bowels; a purgative. 

evacuation (e-vak-u-a' -shun) [evacuate]. 1. The 
act of emptying, especially of the bowels. 2. That 
which is evacuated. 

evacuator ie-vak' -u-a-tor) [evacuate]. An agent to 
produce emptying, especially an instrument for 
removing from the bladder fragments of stone after 
litholapaxy. 

evagination (e-vaj-in-a'-shun) [e, out; vagina, a 
sheath]. Protrusion from a sheath or invaginating 
.structure. Cf. invagination. 

evalvate (e-val'-vat) [evalvis, without valves]. 
Destitute of valves. 

evaporation (e-vap-or-a'-shun) [e, out; vaporare, 
emit vapor]. The conversion of a liquid into vapor. 

evaporometer (e-vap-or-om'-et-ur) [evaporare, to 
evaporate; y-erpov, measure]. An apparatus for the 
study of the evaporation from cultivated plants and 
soils under the influence of different conditions of 
meteorology, soil, and culture. 

evectics (e-vek'-tiks). An old name for hygiene; 
the science of good healthy 

evenimation, evenomation (e-ven-e-ma'-shun, -o- 
ma'-shuri) [e, from; venom]. The process of counter- 
acting the effects of a venom. 

eventration (e-ven-tra'-shun) [e, out; venter, the 
belly]. Protrusion of the abdominal viscera through 
the abdominal walls. 

eversion (e-ver'-shun) [eversio, a turning out]. 
A turning outward, e. of the eyelid, a folding of 
the lid upon itself for the purpose of exposing the 
conjunctival surface or sulcus. See also ectropium. 

evidement (a-ved-mon(g)) [Fr.]. Splitting open 
foci of disease. and scraping them clean with the sharp 
curette. 

evidence (ev' -id-ens) [evidens, clear]. In legal 
medicine, the means by which the existence or non- 
existence of the truth or falsehood of an alleged fact 
is ascertained or made evident; proof, as of insanity. 
e., circumstantial, evidence the conclusions based 
upon which are beyond actual demonstration. 
e., conclusive or positive, evidence that admits of 
no doubt, e., expert, that given before a jury by 
an expert in any science, art, profession, or trade. 

eviration (ev-ir-a'-shun) [evirare, to castrate]. 
1. 'Castration. 2. Emasculation. 3. A form of sexual 
perversion in which there is a deep and permanent 
assumption of feminine qualities, with corresponding 
loss of manly qualities. The opposite of this is 
termed defemination. 

evisceration (e-vis-er-a'-shun) [e, out; viscera, the 
bowels]. The removal of the viscera, e. of the eye, 
removal of the entire contents of the globe of the 
eye, leaving the sclerotic intact, e., obstetrical, the 
removal of the abdominal or thoracic viscera of the 
fetus to facilitate delivery. 

evisceroneurotomy (e-vis-er-o-nu-rot'-o-me). Evis- 
ceration of the eye with division of the optic nerve. 

evittate (e-vit'-at) [e, out; vitta, a band]. Destitute 
of bands or stripes. 

evolution (ev-o-lu'-shun) [evolvere, to unroll]. The 
process of unfolding or developing from a simple to a 
complex specialized, perfect form, e., spontaneous, 
a series of changes whereby a shoulder presentation 
is transformed within the pelvis into a combined 
breech-and-shoulder presentation and delivery effec- 
ted without artificial aid. e., threefold law of 
(Huxley): (1) Excess of development of some parts 
in relation to others. (2) Complete or partial 
suppression of parts. (3) Coalescence of parts 
usually distinct. 



EVULSION 



348 



EXCISION 



evulsion (e-vul'-shun) [evellere, to pluck out]. 
The forcible tearing or plucking away of a part. 

Ewald's test-breakfast (a'-valt) [Carl Anton 
Ewald, German physician, 1845- ]. A method 
used in ascertaining the condition of the gastric 
juice. It consists of 35 to 70 grams of white bread 
and 300 Cc. of water, or a cup of weak tea without 
milk or sugar. E.'s test for hydrochloric acid in 
contents of stomach. Dilute 2 Cc. of a 10 % solu- 
tion of potassium sulphocyanide and 0.5 Cc. of a 
neutral solution of iron acetate to 10 Cc. with water. 
This makes a ruby-red solution; if a few drops of it 
are placed in a porcelain dish, and 1 or 2 drops of the 
liquid to be tested are allowed to come in contact 
with it, a faint violet cloud is observed in the presence 
of HC1. On mixing, the color becomes brown. 

Ewart's sign {yoo'-art) [William Ewart, English 
physician, 1848- ]. In marked pericardial 
effusion the left clavicle is so raised that the upper 
border of the first rib can be felt with the finger as 
far as the sternum. 

ex (ex) [L. for out of]. A prefix denoting out of, 
away from. 

exacerbation (eks-as-er-ba'-shun) [exacerbare, to be 
violent]. An increase in the symptoms of a disease. 

exalgin (eks-al'-jin) [e£, out; &\yos, pain], C9H11NO. 
Methylacetanilide; a benzene derivative allied to 
phenacetin. It is an analgesic and antipyretic in 
doses of from I-4 gr. (0.032-0.26 Gm.). 

exaltation (eks-awl-ta' -shun) [exaltatio, an uplifting]. 
1. Increase of functional activity. 2. Increase of 
mental activity. 3. A morbid mental state charac- 
terized by self-satisfaction, ecstatic joy, abnormal 
cheerfulness, or optimism, or by delusions of grandeur. 

examination (eks-am-in-a' -shun) . Investigation, 
as for the purpose of diagnosis; it is variously quali- 
fied as bimanual, digital, oral, physical, etc. 

exangia, or exangeia (eks-an'-je-ah) [e£, out; 
iyyelov, vessel]. Any dilatation or distention of a 
blood-vessel, such as aneurysm, varix, or capillary 
enlargement. 

examination (eks-an-im-a' -shun) [ex, out; anima, 
spirit]. Real or apparent death; fainting. 

exanthema, exanthem (eks-an-the' -mah, eks-an'- 
them) [l£avO-ona, eruption; pi., exanthemata, ex- 
anthems]. 1. An eruption upon the skin. 2. Any 
exanthematous or eruptive fever. 

TABLE OF EXANTHEMATA. 
cerebrospinal meningitis: Period of incubation, 
unknown. Stage of invasion, sudden. Eruption, 
second to fourth day. Character of eruption, herpes 
labialis, purpuric spots, dusky erythema. Location, 
herpes on lips; purpuric spots over entire body. 
Duration of disease, variable; many sequels. Con- 
valescence by lysis, erysipelas: Period of incubation, 
few hours to 3 or 4 days. Stage of invasion, 1 to 3 
days. Eruption, within 14 hours. Character of 
eruption, bright-red, shining patches with well- 
defined raised margin. Duration of eruption, 4 to 8 
days. Location: Begins usually on face, may spread 
to trunk and arms; in the traumatic form begins at 
the wound. Desquamation, branny or in large flakes. 
Disease lasts 1 to 3 weeks. Convalescence by crisis. 
measles: Period of incubation, 10 to 12 days. Stage 
of invasion, 4 days. Eruption, fourth day. Char- 
acter of eruption, small dark-red papules arranged in 
crescentic form; complete in 24 hours. Duration of 
eruption, 4 to 5 days. Location, face; then down- 
ward over body. Desquamation, branny, 8 to 11 
days. Disease lasts 2 weeks. Convalescence by 
crisis, rotheln: Period of incubation, 8 to 17 days. 
Stage of invasion, 24 to 48 hours. Eruption appears 
within 48 hours. Character of eruption, rose-colored, 
rounded, discrete macules. Duration of eruption, 
3 days. Location, face and scalp; then downward 
over body. Desquamation, slightly branny. Disease 
lasts 4 to 7 days. Convalescence by crisis, scar- 
latina: Period of incubation, 1 to 21 days. Stage of 
invasion, 1 to 2 days. Eruption appears within 24 
hours. Character of eruption, diffuse, scarlet, punc- 
tate. Duration of eruption, 7 to 10 days. Location, 
neck, chest, face; then over body. Desquamation, 
scales or large flakes about one week. Disease lasts 
2 to 3 weeks. Convalescence by lysis, typhoid 
fever: Period of incubation, 5 to 35 days. Stage of 
invasion, 6 to 8 days. Eruption appears on seventh 
day. Character of eruption, rose-colored, lenticular 
spots, coming on in successive crops. Duration of 
eruption, each crop 3 to 5 days. Continues 10 to 20 



days or throughout the whole course of the fever. 
Location, abdomen, chest, and back. Desquamation, 
slightly branny or none. Disease lasts 3 to 4 weeks. 
Convalescence by lysis, typhus fever: Period of 
incubation, 4 to 12 days. Stage of invasion, 5 days. 
Time of appearance, from the third to the seventh 
day, usually the fifth day. Character of eruption, 
dusky spots or papules or petechia?. Duration of 
eruption, few days or throughout the course of the 
disease. Location, sides of chest and abdomen, 
arms, back. Desquamation, slightly branny. Dis- 
ease lasts 2 to 4 weeks. Convalescence by crisis. 
varicella: Period of incubation, 4 to 14 days. Stage 
of invasion, 1 to 2 days. Time of appearance, from 
12 to 24 hours. Character of eruption, vesicles in 
crops. Duration of eruption, 5 to 8 days. Loca- 
tion, back, chest, arms. Desquamation, crusts, 5 to 8 
days. Disease lasts 2 weeks. Convalescence by lysis. 
variola : Period of incubation, 8 to 14 days. Stage of 
invasion, 3 days. Time of appearance, fourth day. 
Character of eruption: first, shot-like papules, then 
vesicles, then umbilicated pustules. Duration of 
eruption, 21 to 25 days. Location, face and over 
body. Desquamation, crusts, 12 to 22 days. Disease 
lasts 4 to 5 weeks. Convalescence by lysis. 

exanthematology (eks-an-them-at-oV -o-je) [exan- 
them; Xoyos, science]. The science of the exanthe- 
matous diseases. 

exanthematous (eks-an-them'-at-us) [exanthem]. 
Of the nature of or characterized by exanthem or 
eruption; of the nature of an eruptive fever. 

exanthesis (eks-an-the' -sis) [e£avOr)<rt.s, a blossom- 
ing: pi., exantheses], 1. The breaking out or the 
appearance of an exanthem. 2. Any exanthematous 
disease, e. rosalia arthrodynia. Synonym of dengue. 

exanthropes (eks-an'-thropz) [e£, out of; avdpunros, 
man]. Sources of disease originating externally. 

exanthropia (eks-an-thro' -pe-ah) [e£, out; avQpotiros, 
man]. Morbid dislike of human society. 

exanthropic (eks-an-throp'-ik). Situated external 
to the human body; relating to exanthropes. Syn., 
extraanthropic. 

exarteritis (eks-ar-ter-i'-tis) [<=£, out; b.pri\pla, artery; 
ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the outer 
coat of an artery. 

exarthrima (eks-ar-thrim'-ah) [e£, out; apdpov, 
joint: pi., exarihrimata]. Luxation or dislocation of 
a joint. 

exarticulation (eks-ar-tik-u-la'-shun) [ex; articulus, 
joint]. 1. Dislocation of a joint. 2. Amputation at a 
joint. 

exasperate (eks-as'-per-at) [exasperare, to make 
rough]. Rough; covered with sharp points. 

excarnation (eks-kar-na' -shun) [ex; caro, flesh]. 
Separation of injected vessels from a contiguous part. 

excavatio (eks-ka-va'-she-o) [L.]. Excavation. 
e. papillae nervi optici, excavation of the papilla of 
the optic nerve; see under excavation, e. rectou- 
terina, rectouterine excavation, pouch of Douglas. 
e. rectovesicalis, the fold of peritoneum hanging 
down between the rectum and the bladder in the 
male. e. vesicouterina, utero vesical pouch, the fold 
of peritoneum hanging down between the bladder and 
the uterus. 

excavation (eks-kav-a'-shun) [excavare, to hollow 
out]. A hollow or cavity, e. of the optic nerve, a 
hollowing or "cupping" of the optic disc that may 
be physiological, congenital, or pathological, the result 
of glaucoma, optic atrophy, etc. 

excavator (eks-kav-a'-tor) [excavare, to hollow out]. 
1. An instrument like a gouge or scoop used to 
scrape away tissue. 2. A dental instrument for 
opening and forming cavities and removing decayed 
matter from them. 

excentric (eks-sen'-trik) [ex, out; centrum, center]. 
1. See eccentric. 2. Out of the center or median 
line. e. pains, radiating pains, symptomatic of spinal 
disease, due to irritation of the posterior nerve-roots. 
The pains are felt to be in the peripheral organs, 
hence the name. 

excerebration (eks-ser-e-bra'-shun) [ex, out; cere- 
brum, brain]. The removal of the fetal brain in the 
process of embryotomy. 

excern (ek-sern 1 ) [excernere, to sift out]. To 
excrete. 

excipient (ek-sip'-e-ent) [excipere, to take up]. 
Any substance combined with an active drug to give 
the latter an agreeable or convenient form. 

excision (ek-sizh'-un) [excisio, a cutting out]. 
The cutting out of a part. 



EXCITABILITY 



349 



EXOCCIPITAL 



excitability (ek-si-ta-bil'-it-e) [excitare, to rouse]. 
The property of reacting to a stimulus. 

excitant (ek-si'-tant) [see excitability}, i. Stimulat- 
ing. 2. A remedy that stimulates the activity of 
an organ. 

excitation (ek-si-ta'-shun) [see excitability]. The 
act of stimulating or irritating, e., direct, the 
stimulation of a muscle by placing an electrode on the 
muscle itself, e., indirect, the stimulation of a 
muscle through its nerve. 

exciting (ek-si'-ting). Calling forth directly, as an 
exciting cause. 

excitoglandular {ek-si-to-gland'-u-lar). Arousing 
or exciting glandular function. 

excitometabolic (ek-si-to-met-ah-bol'-ik). Exciting 
metabolic processes. 

excitomotor (ek-si-to-mo'-tor). Exciting or arousing 
motor function; also, a drug or agent that increases 
the activity of the motor nerve-centers. 

excitomuscular (ek-si-to-mus'-ku-lar). Exciting 
muscular activity. 

excitor (ek-si'-tor) [excitare, to rouse]. i. One 
who or that which stimulates or excites. 2. A dis- 
charger. 3. An electrode which, placed in contact 
with a nerve, causes excitation. 

excitosecretory (ex-si-to-se'-kre-to-re) . Tending to 
produce secretion. 

excitovascular {ex-si-to-vas'-ku-lar). Exciting vas- 
cular changes; increasing the activity of the circu- 
lation. 

exclave (eks'-klav) [Fr.]. A detached portion of 
any organ, as of a pancreas or ovary. 

exclusion (eks-klu' -zhuri) [excludere, to shut out]. 
A shutting-out. e., diagnosis by, the reaching of a 
diagnosis by excluding one hypothesis after another 
until only one remains. 

excochleation (eks-kok-le-a'-shun) [ex, out; cochlea, 
shell, spoon]. Curetting, or scraping material out 
of a cavity. 

excoriation (eks-ko-re-a'-shun) [ex, from; corium, 
the skin]. Abrasion of a portion of the skin. 

excortication (eks-kor-tik-a'-shun). See decortica- 
tion. 

excrement (eks'-kre-ment) [excernere, to separate; 
to excrete]. An excreted substance; the feces. 

excrementitious (eks-kre-men-tish'-us). Pertaining 
to excrement. 

excrescence (eks-kres'-ens) [excrescere, to grow 
out]. An abnormal outgrowth upon the body. 

excreta (eks-kre'-tah) [excrete]. The natural dis- 
charges of the body, particularly those of the bowel. 

excrete (eks-kref). To remove useless substances 
from the body. 

excretin (eks'-kre-tin), C20H36O. A crystalline 
substance found in feces. 

excretion (eks-kre'-shun) [excrete]. 1. The discharge 
of waste-products. 2. The matter so discharged. 

excretory {eks'-kre-to-re) [excrete]. Pertaining to 
excretion. 

excursion (eks-kur'-shun) [ex, out of; currere, to 
run]. 1. A wandering from the usual course. 
2. The extent of movement, as of the eyes from a 
central position. 

excurvation (eks-kur-va'-shun) [ex; curvare, to 
curve]. 1. Outward curvature. 2. A deformity of 
the upper eyelid in which the tarsal cartilage becomes 
turned outward. 

exdermoptosis (eks-derm-op-to'-sis) [ex; Skp/xa, the 
skin; htuhtls, a falling]. Hypertrophy of the seba- 
ceous glands with retention of the secretion. 

exedent (eks-e'-dent) [ex, out; edere, to eat]. 
Rodent; eating away the tissues. 

exelcysmos (eks-el-sis'-mos) [i£, from; eXKveiv, 
to draw]. Extraction, as of teeth. 

exencephalocele (eks-en-sef'-al-o-sel) [«£, out; 
iyntyakos, brain; /07X7J, hernia]. Cerebral hernia; 
an exencephalous tumor; a mass of brain-substance 
outside of the cranial cavity. 

exencephalon (eks-en-sef'-al-on). Same as exen- 
cephalus. 

exencephalus (eks-en-sef-al-us) [ex; eyice<f>a\os, 
brain]. A species of monsters characterized by 
a malformed brain, situated without the cranial 
cavity. 

exenteration (eks-en-ter-a'-shun) [ex; ivrtpov, in- 
testine]. 1. Removal of the intestine of the fetus, 
to allow delivery. 2. Same as evisceration. 

exenteritis (eks-en-ter-i'-tis) [&-, out; evrepov, bowel; 
«t«, inflammation]. Inflammation of the outer or 
peritoneal coat of the intestine. 



exercise (eks'-er-siz) [exercere, to keep busy]. 
Functional activity of the muscles; often applied to 
such activity when its purpose is the preservation or 
restoration of the health, e., active, that exerted 
by the will of the patient, e. bones, rider's bones; 
osseous growths occasionally found in the muscles. 
e., passive, when the part is moved by another, or 
acted upon, as in massage. 

exeresis (eks-er'-es-is) [i£, out; alpkuv, to take]. 
Surgical removal, as by excision or extraction; 
evacution. 

exesion (eks-e'-shun) [exedere, to corrode]. The 
gradual superficial destruction of organic parts, 
particularly bone, in consequence of abscesses and 
other destroying agencies. 

exfetation (eks-fe-ta'-shun) [exfetatio]. Ectopic or 
extrauterine fetation. 

exflagellation (ex-flaj-el-a'-shun). The act of 
extruding actively motile chromatin threads from 
the body of a male malarial parasite. 

exfoliation (eks-fo-le-a'-shun) [exfoliare, to shed 
leaves]. The separation of bone or other tissue in 
thin layers. 

exhalant (eks-ha'-lant) [exhalare, to breathe out]. 
1. Serving for exhalation; exhaling. 2. A pore or 
organ of exhalation. 

exhalation {eks-hal-a'-shun) [exhalare, to breathe 
out]. 1. The giving off of matters in the form of 
vapor. 2. The vapor, etc., given off by the body 
through the skin or lungs. 3. Expiration, or breath- 
ing out. 

exhauster (eg-zawst'-er) [exhaurire, to pour out]. 
An instrument for the removal of soft cataracts. 

exhaustibility (eg-zawst-e-bil'-it-e). Capacity for 
being exhausted, e., Faradic, the cessation of 
excitability in a muscle under repeated stimulation. 
Cf. reaction, myasthenic. 

exhaustion (eg-zawst'-yun) [see exhauster]. 1. Loss 
of vital and nervous power from fatigue or protracted 
disease. 2. The pharmaceutical process of dissolving 
out one or more of the constituents of a crude drug 
by percolation or maceration, e., heat-, e., solar. 
See insolation, e. hypothesis, Pasteur's theory that 
immunity often afforded to the tissues by an attack 
of infection or following vaccination against infection 
is due to an abstraction from the tissues by the 
organism concerned in the primary attack of some- 
thing necessary to the growth of the infecting organ- 
ism. It is opposed to the retention theory of Chau- 
veau. 

exhibit {ek-zib'-it) [exhibere, to give]. To ad- 
minister, as a medicine. 

exhibition (ek-zib-ish'-un) [exhibere, to give]. 
In legal medicine, the exposing of the genitalia in 
public places. 2. The administration of a remedy. 

exhibitionism (ek-zib-ish'-un-izm) [exhibere, to 
give]. A perversion of the sexual feeling that leads 
the patient to expose the genital organs. 

exhibionist (ek-zib-ish'-un-ist) [exhibere, to give]. 
An insane person who wilfully and indecently exposes 
the genitals. 

exhilarant (ek-zil'-ar-ant) [exhilarare, to cheer]. 
An agent to enliven and cheer the mind. e. gas, 
nitrous oxide gas. 

exhumation (eks-hu-ma'-shun) [ex; humus, the 
ground]. The removal of a corpse from the ground; 
disinterment. 

exinanition (eks-in-an-ish'-un) [exinanitio, an en- 
feebling]. Excessive exhaustion. 

Exner's plexus (eks'-ner) [Sigmund Exner, Austrian 
physiologist, 1846- ]. A layer of nerve-plexuses, 
probably formed by the junction of sensory and 
motor fibers, in the cerebral cortex, near the surface. 

exo- (eks-o-) [?£«, without]. A prefix meaning 
without; outside. 

exocardia (eks-o-kar'-de-ah) [exo-; KapSia, the 
heart]. Displacement of the heart. 

exocardiac, exocardial (eks-o-kar'-de-ak, -al) [exo- 
cardia]. Originating or situated outside of the 
heart. 

exocarditis (eks-o-kar-di'-tis) [££, out; KapSia, heart; 
vra, inflammation]. Inflammation of the outer 
surface of the heart. Also a synonym of pericarditis. 

exocataphoria .(ex-o-kat-af-o'-re-ah) [exo-; cata- 
phoria]. The condition in which the visual axis 
turns outward and downward. 

exoccipital (eks-ok-sip'-it-al) [ex, out; occiput]. 
Lying to the side of the foramen magnum, e. bone, 
the neurapophysial or condyloid part of the occipital 
bone, with which in adult life it is consolidated. 



EXOCHORION 



350 



EXPERTNESS 



exochorion {eks-o-ko'-re-on) [exo-; chorion]. The 
external layer of the chorion. 

exocolitis (eks-o-ko-li'-tis) [exo-; colon; ins, inflam- 
mation]. Inflammation of the outer or peritoneal 
coat of the colon. 

exocranium (eks-o-kra'-ne-um) [exo-; cranium]. 
The outer surface of the skull; the pericranium. 

exocystis (eks-o-sist'-is) [exo-; kwttis, the bladder]. 
Prolapse of the urinary bladder. 

exodic (eks-od'-ik) [exo-; 656s, a way]. Trans- 
mitting impulses outward from the central nervous 
system; efferent; centrifugal. 

exodyne (eks'-o-din) [exo-; bSvvrj, pain]. A mix- 
ture of acetanilide 90, sodium salicylate 5, and 
sodium bicarbonate 5 ; it is used as an anodyne. 

exogamy (ex-og'-am-e) [exo-; ya.fj.os, marriage]. 
Protozoan fertilization by the union of elements 
derived from two unrelated cells. 

exogastritis (eks-o-gas-tri'-tis) [exo-; yaarijp, belly; 
u-is, inflammation]. See perigastritis. 

exogenetic (eks-o-jen-et'-ik) [exo- ; ykvvav, to 
produce]. Due to an external cause; not arising 
within the organism. 

exogenous (eks-oj'-en-us) [see exogenetic]. Grow- 
ing by accretions to the outer surface, e. disease. 
See exopathy. 

exognathion (eks-og-na'-the-on) [exo-; yvhOos, 
the jaw]. The alveolar process of the superior 
maxilla. 

exognosis (ex-og-no' -sis) [i£, out of; ytyv&aic&v, to 
know]. Diagnosis by exclusion. 

exohysteropexy (ex-o-his'-ter-o-pek-se) [exo- ; vartpa, 
the uterus; irrj^is, fixation]. Fixation of a prolapsed 
uterus to the abdominal wall. 

exol (ex' -61). A local dental anesthetic. 

exometra (eks-o-me'-trah) [exo-; pyTpa, the womb]. 
Prolapse or inversion of the uterus. 

exometritis (eks-o-me-tri'-tis) [exo-; vvTpa, womb; 
ins, inflammation]. Perimetritis; less correctly, 
parametritis. See metritis. 

exomphalia (eks-om-fa'-le-ah). Protrusion of the 
navel. 

exomphalocele (eks-om-fal'-o-sel). An umbilical 
hernia. 

exomphalos (eks-om'-fal-os) [exo-; 6ju</>aX6s, navel]. 
Undue prominence of the navel; also, umbilical 
hernia. 

exoncoma (eks-ong'-ko-mah) [i^byKupa, anything 
swollen]. A protruding tumor. 

exoncosis (eks-on-ko'-sis). The formation of a 
prominent tumor. 

exopathic (eks-o-path'-ik) [exo-; vados, disease]. 
Pertaining to those causes of disease coming from 
without or beyond the organism. 

exopathy (eks-op' -ath-e) [exo-; iraMos, disease] 
A disease having its origin in some cause external to 
the organism. 

exopexy (eks'-o-peks-e). The surgical anchoring 
of an organ normally in a body cavity outside of the 
latter. 

exophoria (eks-o-fo' '-re-ah) . See heterophoria. 

exophthalmia (eks-off-thaV -me-ah) . See exophthal- 
mos. 

exophthalmic (eks-of-thal'-mik) _ [exophthalmos]. 
Pertaining to exophthalmos, e. goiter. See goiter, 
exophthalmic. 

exophthalmometer (eks-off-thal-mom'-et-er) [e£, out; 
6<t>0a\p.6s, eye; pkrpov, measure]. An instrument 
for measuring the degree of exophthalmus. 

exophthalmos, exophthalmus (eks-off-thal'-mos, 
-mus) [exo-; 6<j>dahp.6s, eye]. Abnormal prominence 
or protrusion of the eyeballs, e., pulsating, that 
characterized by a bruit and pulsation, due to an 
aneurysm that pushes the eye forward. 

exoplasm (eks'-o-plazm) [exo-; Tr\ao-o-eiv, to form]. 
In biology, the outer protoplasm of a unicellular 
organism or histological cell. 

exorbitism (eks-orb' -it-izm) . See exophthalmos. 

exormia (eks-or' -me-ah) [i£opp.aeiv, to go forth]. 
Any papular skin-disease. 

exosepsis (eks-o-sep'-sis) [exo-; sepsis]. Sepsis 
originating outside the body. 

exoskeleton (eks-o-skel'-et-on) [exo-; o-neKtrbv, a 
dried body]. The rigid outer envelop of many of the 
lower forms of life for the protection and attachment 
of organs. 

exosmometer (eks-oz-mom'-et-ur). See endosmo- 
meter. 

exosmosis (eks-oz-mo'-sis) [exo-; 6>apbs, thrust]. 
Outward osmosis. See osmosis. 



exosmotic (eks-oz-mot'-ik) [<!£, out; dxr/xos, thrust]. 
Pertaining to or characterized by exosmosis. 

exosplenopexia, exosplenopexy (eks-o-sple-no-peks' '-» 
e-ah, eks-o-sple' -no-peks-e) [exo-; air\y]v, spleen? 
Trij£is, fixation]. An operation substituted for 
splenectomy, which consists in attaching the spleen 
in the abdominal wound and fixing it there by its 
capsule. 

exospore (eks'-o-spor) [exo-; outside; o-wbpos, seed]. 
In biology, the outer coat of a spore. 

exostome (eks'-os-tom) [exo-; arbpa, mouth]. In 
biology, the orifice in the outer coat of the ovule, 
or the outer peristome of a moss. 

exostosis (eks-os-to'-sis) [exo-; barkov, bone; pi., ex- 
ostoses]. A bony outgrowth from the surface of a 
bone. 

exoteric (eks-o-ter'-ik) [ifarepiicbs, external]. 
Synonymous with exopathic. 

exotery (eks-ot'-er-e). See exopathy. 

exothermic (eks-o-thur'-mik) [exo-; dripprj, heat], 
1 . Relating to the giving out of heat. 2. A substance 
which gives out heat in its production. Cf. endo- 
thermic. 

exothyropexy (eks-o-thi' -ro-peks-e) [exo-; thyroid; 
irijjfis, fixation]. Exposing, the enlarged thyroid 
gland by a median incision and drawing it outside. 

exotic (eks-ot'-ik) [e£wnKos, foreign]. Pertaining 
to plants and products from another country. 

exoticosymphysis (eks-ot-ik-o-sim'-fis-is) [e£con*6s, 
foreign; o-vp<pvo-is, a growing together]. The union 
of a substance or body with the organism. 

exotospore (eks-o'-to-spor) [efwriKos, outward; 
airbpos, seed]. The malarial germ brought by the 
stab of the mosquito (Anopheles) into the human 
blood-vessels; so named from being formed outside 
the human body. 

exotoxin (eks-o-toks'-in) [exo-; toxin], A toxin 
which is excreted by a microorganism and can after- 
wards be obtained in bacteria-free filtrates without 
death or disintegration of the microorganisms. 

exotropia (eks-o-tro'-pe-ah). See strabismus. 

expansive (eks-pan'-siv) [expander e, to spread out]. 
Comprehensive; wide-extending, e. delirium, insane 
overestimation of one's mental or bodily powers. 
See exaltation. 

expectant (eks-pek'-tant) [expectare, to look out 
for]. Awaiting or expecting, e. treatment, watching 
the progress of a disease, and not interfering unless 
warranted by special symptoms. 

expectation (eks-pek-ta'-shun) [expectare, to expect]. 
Same as expectant, e. of life, the average number of 
years that persons of a given age, taken one with 
another, live, assuming that they die according to a 
given table of the probabilities of life. It thus has 
no relation to the most probable life of a single 
given individual, e. of 1., complete, the addition of 
one-half year to the curtate expectation to allow for 
that portion of a year lived by each person in the year 
of his death, e. of 1., curtate, the average number 
of whole or completed years lived by each person. 

expectorant (eks-pek'-to-rant) [see expectoration]. 
1. Promoting expectoration. 2. A remedy that 
promotes or modifies expectoration. 

expectoration (eks-pek-tor-a'-shun) [ex, out; pectus, 
breast]. 1. The ejection from the mouth of material 
brought into it from the air-passages. 2. The fluid 
or semifluid matters from the lungs and air-passages 
expelled by coughing and spitting, e., prune-juice, 
a sputum containing altered blood expectorated in 
gangrene and cancer of the lung and in grave pneu- 
monias in the aged, e., rusty. See sputum, rusty. 

expellent (eks-pel'-ent) [expellere, to drive out]. 
A medicine that has power to expel a materies morbi. 

experimental ten minutes. The standard time 
in Ross's in vitro method within which mitosis must 
be induced in lymphocytes. 

expert (eks'-pert) [expertus, proved]. A person 
especially qualified in a science or art. e., medical, 
a physician peculiarly fitted by experience or special 
learning to render an authoritative opinion in medico- 
legal or diagnostic questions. 

expertness. Special skill or dexterity, e., dex- 
tro-. Conjoint and superior expertness of the 
dextral sensory and v muscular organs of the body, 
e., mixed dextrosinistral. Some of the centers of 
the more expert organs in conjoint action are located 
in one and some in the opposite cerebral hemisphere. 
e., sinistro-. Conjoint and superior expertness of 
the sinistral sensory and muscular organs of the- 
body. 



EXPIRATION 



351 



EXTRACTIVE 



expiration (eks-pi-ra'-shun) [expirare, to breathe 
out]. The act of breathing forth or expelling air 
from the lungs. 

expiratory (eks-pi'-ra-to-re) [see expiration]. Re- 
lating to expiration. 

expire (eks-pir') [expirare, to breathe out]. To 
breathe out; to die. 

exploration (eks-plo-ra'-shun) [explorare, to search 
out]. The act of exploring; investigation of a part 
hidden from sight by means of touch, by artificial 
light, etc. 

explorator, explorer (eks-plor-a' '-tor ; ex-plor'-er) 
[explorare, to search out]. An instrument for use 
in exploration, e., electric, an instrument for detect- 
ing a bullet by means of the electric current. 

exploratory (eks-plor'-at-o-re). Pertaining to ex- 
ploration, e. puncture, the puncture of a cavity or 
tumor and extraction therefrom of some of the 
contents to learn their nature. 

exploring needle. A needle with a grooved side 
to allow the passage of fluid along it after it is plunged 
into a part where the presence of fluid is suspected. 

explosion (eks-plo'-zhun) [explodere, to drive 
away], i. The sudden expansion of a body of small 
volume into great volume, with the resulting effects. 
2. The sudden and violent occurrence of any symp- 
tom or function. 

explosive (eks-plo'-siv) [explodere, to drive away]. 
See consonants, e.-speech, speech characterized by 
suddenness and explosiveness of enunciation. 

exposure (eks-po'-zhur) [exponere, to expose], 
i. The act of laying bare, as the genitals. 2. The 
state of being open to some action or influence, as 
of cold or wet. 

expression (eks-presh'-un) [expressus; exprimere, 
to press out]. 1. A pressing out. 2. The facies. 
e. of fetus or e. of placenta, assisting the expulsion 
of fetus or placenta by pressure upon the uterus 
through the abdominal walls, e., rectal, assisting 
the expulsion of the fetal head by means of two 
fingers inserted into the rectum and hooked into 
the mouth or under the chin. 

expulsion (eks-pul'-shun) [expellere, to drive out]. 
The act of driving out. e., spontaneous, the ex- 
trusion of the fetus or the placenta without external 
aid. 

expulsive (eks-pul'-siv) [expellere, to drive out]. 
Pertaining to the extrusion or driving out of the 
fetus in childbirth, the voiding of the feces, urine, 
etc. 

exsanguinate (ek-san'-gwin-at) [ex-; sanguis, blood]. 

1. To render bloodless. 2. Bloodless, 
exsanguination {ek-san-gwin-a'-shun) [exsangui- 
nate]. The act of making bloodless. 

exsanguine (ek-sang'-gwin) [ex, out; sanguis, 
blood]. Bloodless. * 

exsanguinity (ek-sang-gwin'-it-e). Bloodlessness; 
extreme pallor. 

exsection (ek-sek'-shun) [ex; secare, to cut]. The 
act of cutting a part out from its surroundings. 

exsertor (ek-sert'-or) [exserere, to protrude]. A 
muscle which protrudes a part. 

exsiccation (ek-sik-a' -shun) [ex; siccus, dry]. The 
act of drying; especially the depriving of a crystalline 
substance of its water of crystallization. 

exsiccative (ek-sik'-a-tiv). Drying. 

exsiccator (ek'-sik-a-tor) [exsiccare, to dry up]. 
A closed glass vessel containing a tray of sulphuric 
acid, used to dry and cool substances preparatory to 
weighing. 

exspuition (eks-pii-ish'-un) [ex, out; spuere, to 
spit]. Expectoration; spitting. 

exstrophy (ek'-strof-e) [ex; arptyeiv, to turn]. 
Eversion; the turning inside out of a part. e. of 
bladder, a congenital condition in which the lower 
part of the abdominal wall, the anterior wall of the 
bladder, and usually the symphysis pubis are wanting, 
and the posterior wall of the bladder is pressed 
through the opening. 

exsufflation (ek-suf-la'-shun) [ex, out; sufflare, to 
blow]. Forced discharge of the breath. 

ext. Abbreviation of exlractum or extract. 

exta (eks'-tah) [L., pi.]. The viscera, especially 
those of the chest. 

extasis (ek' -stasis). See ecstasy. 

extension (eks-len'-shun) [extendere, to stretch 
out]. 1. A straightening out, especially the muscu- 
lar movement by which a flexed limb is made straight. 

2. Traction upon a fractured or dislocated limb. 
Counter extension is traction made on a part in a direc- 



tion opposite to that in which traction is made by 
another force. 

extensometer (eks-tens-om'-et-er) [extension; nerpov, 
a measure]. A micrometer to measure the expansion 
of a body. 

extensor (eks-tens'-or) [extension]. That which 
stretches out or extends, as extensor muscles. See 
under muscle. 

extenuation (eks-ten-u-a' shun) [ex, out; tenuis, 
thin]. Thinness; leanness of body; delicacy. 

exterioration (eks-te-re-or-a'-shun) [exterior, outer]. 
The faculty of mind by which the image of an object 
seen is referred to the real situation of the object. 

extern {eks'-tern) [externus, outward]. 1. Outside; 
outside the gates of a hospital. 2. An out-door 
patient. 3- A medical student, or graduate, who 
attends to out-door charity cases, e. maternity, a 
lying-in in a private house. 

external (eks-ter'-nal) [externus, outward]. On the 
exterior, or on the side removed from the center or 
middle line of the body. 

externalize (eks-ter'-nal-iz) [external]. 1. In psy- 
chology, to transform an idea or impression which 
is on the percipient's mind into a phantasm appar- 
ently outside him. 2. To refer to some outside 
source, as the voices heard by the subject of psycho- 
motor hallucinations. 

externe (eks-tern') [Ft.]. Same as extern. 
exteroceptive impulses (eks'-ter-o-sep-tiv)[ extero-; 
caper e, to take]. Afferent nerve impulses which de- 
rive their stimulatson from external sources. 

exteroceptor (eks-ter-o-sep'-tor) [extero; receptor, 
receiver]. An end organ, in or near, the skin or a 
mucous membrane, which receives stimuli from the 
external world. 

extesticulate (eks-tes-tik'-u-lat) [ex, out; testiculus, 
a testicle]. To castrate. 

extinction {eks-tink' -shun) [extinguere, to extin- 
guish]. Complete abeyance or final loss, as of the 
voice; also, incomplete loss. e. of mercury, the 
rubbing of mercury with lard or some other substance 
until the particles of mercury are no longer visible. 

extirpation (eks-ter-pa'-shun) [extirpare, to root 
out]. Complete removal of a part. 

extirpator (eks-ter-pa'-tor) [extirpare, to root out]. 
An instrument for extracting the roots of cuspid 
teeth. 

extra- (eks-lrah-) [L.]. A prefix meaning outside; 
without. 

extra-amniotic (eks-trah-am-ne-ot'-ik). Outside of 
the amnion; between the amnion and the chorion. 

extra-articular (eks-trak-ar-tik'-u-lar). Outside of 
the proper structures of a joint. 

extracapsular (eks-trah-kap'-su-lar). Outside of 
the capsular ligament of a joint. 

extracardial (eks-trah-kar'-de-al) [extra; napUa, 
heart]. Situated or occurring outside of the heart. 
extracellular {eks-trah-sel'-u-lar). External to the 
cells of an organism. » 

extracostal (eks-trah-kos'-tal) [extra; costa, a rib]. 
Outside of the ribs. e. muscle, any external inter- 
costal muscle. See muscles, table of. 

extracranial (eks-trah-kra'-ne-al). Outside of the 
cranial cavity. 

extract, extractum (eks'-trakt, -trakt'-um) [extrahere, 
to extract]. In pharmacy, a solid or semisolid pre- 
paration, made by extracting the soluble principles 
of a drug with water or alcohol and evaporating the 
solution, e., alcoholic, that in which alcohol is the 
solvent, e.s, animal, fluidextracts obtained by pro- 
longed digestion of finely chopped organs of animals 
in glycerol, boric acid, and alcohol, and believed to 
contain the active principle of the organ. See 
musculin, ovarin, testin, thyroidin, etc. e., aqueous, 
that prepared by using water as the solvent, e., 
aromatic fluid, fluid extract from aromatic powder. 
e., compound, one prepared from more than one drug. 
e., ethereal, one in which ether is the solvent, e., 
fluid. See fluidextract. e., powdered, an extract 
dried and pulverized, e., soft, an extract evaporated 
to the consistence of honey, e., solid, one made solid 
by evaporation, extractum ferri pomatum (N. F.), 
an extract made from iron, in the form of fine, bright 
wire, 1 part; ripe sour apples, 50 parts; water, a suf- 
ficient quantity. 

extraction (eks-trak-shun) [extract]. 1. The act. 
of drawing out. 2. The process of making an 
extract, e. of cataract, removal of a cataractous 
lens by surgical operation. 

extractive (eks-traP-tiv) [extract]. Any organic 



EXTRACTOR 



352 



EYELENS 



substance that may be extracted in small amount 
from animal tissues. 

extractor (eks-trak'-tor) [extract]. An instrument 
for extracting bullets, sequestra, etc. 

extracurrent (eks-trah-kur'-ent). The induced 
electric current. 

extradural (eks-trah-du'-ral) [extra-; durus, hard]. 
Situated outside of the dura. 

extra-embryonic (eks-trah-em-bre-on'-ik). Situated 
without or not forming a part of the embryo; it is 
said of certain structures of the ovum. 

extra-epithelial {eks-trah-ep-e-the'-le-al). Outside 
of an epithelium. 

extragenital (eks-trah-jen'-it-al). Not situated 
upon the genitals; applied to chancres. 

extraligamentous (eks-trah-lig-a-ment'-us). Ex- 
ternal to a ligament. 

extralobular (eks-trah-lob'-u-lar). Outside of a 
lobe. 

extramalleolus (eks-trah-mal-e'-o-lus) [extra; mal- 
leolus]. The outer malleolus of the ankle. 

extramedullary (eks-trah-med'-ul-ar-e) [extra-; med- 
ulla]. Situated or occurring outside of the medulla. 

extraneous (eks-tra'-ne-us) [extraneus, external]. 
Existing or belonging outside the organism. 

extraneural (eks-trah-nu'-ral). Situated or occur- 
ring outside of a nerve. A term applied to certain 
nervous affections of which the true seat is more or 
less remote from the point which manifests the 
symptoms of nerve-embarrassment. 

extranuclear (eks-trah-nu'-kle-ar). Outside the 
nucleus of a cell. 

extra-ocular (eks-trah-ok'-u-lar). Outside the eye, 
or eyeball; in biology, applied to those antennae of 
insects that are located at a distance from the eyes. 

extra-organismal (eks-trah-or-gan-iz'-mal). External 
to the organism. 

extrapelvic (eks-trah-pel'-vik). Situated or occur- 
ring outside the pelvis. 

extraperitoneal (eks-trah-per-it-on-e'-al). External 
to the peritoneal cavity. 

extrapial (eks-trah-pi'-al). Pertaining to objects 
external to the pia. 
• extrapolar (eks-trah-po'-lar) [extra-; polus, a pole]. 
Not lying in the space between the electrodes of a 
battery, e. region, that lying outside the electrodes, 
as opposed to the intrapolar region, or area, that 
lying within or directly beneath the electrodes. 

extraradical (eks-trah-rad'-ik-al). Applied to hy- 
drogen atoms not replaceable by a negative or alco- 
holic radical, but replaceable by a base. 

extrarenal (eks-trah-re'-nal). External to the 
kidney. 

extrasystole (eks-trah-sis'-to-le). A heart-contrac- 
tion occurring earlier than the normal systole if the 
heart-muscle is irritated during the diastolic period. 

extrathoracic (eks-trah-tho-ras'-ik). External to 
the thoracic cavity. 

extratriceps (eks-trah-tri'-seps). The outer head 
of the triceps muscle. 

extra-uterine (eks-trah-u'-ter-ln) [extra-; uterus]. 
Outside of the uterus, e. pregnancy. See pregnancy, 
extrauterine. 

extravasation (eks-trav-as-a'-shun) [extra-; vas, 
a vessel], i. The passing of fluid outside of the 
cavity or space normally containing it. 2. The fluid 
that has passed out. 

extravascular (eks-trah-vas'-ku-lar) [see extravasa- 
tion]. Outside of the vessels. 

extraventricular (eks-trah-ven-trik'-u-lar). External 
to a ventricle. 

extremital {eks-trem'-it-al) [extremus, outermost]. 
Situated towards, or pertaining to, an extremity; 
distal. 

extremity (eks-trem'-it-e) [extremus, outermost]. 
An arm or leg; the distal or terminal end or part of 
any organ; a hand or foot. 

extrinsic (eks-trin'-sik) [extrinsicus, from without]. 
External; not directly belonging to a part. e. 
muscles, those situated on the exterior of an organ. 

extroversion (eks-tro-ver'-shun). See exstrophy. 

extubation (eks-tu-ba'-shun) [ex, out; tubus, a pipe]. 
The removal of a laryngeal tube; opposed to intuba- 
tion. 

extuberance (ex-tu'-ber-ans) [ex, out; tuber, mass]. 
A swelling or protuberance. 

extrumescence (eks-tu-mes'-ens) [ex, out; lumescere, 
to swell]. A projection or swelling. 

exudate (eks'-u-dat) [exudare, to sweat]. The 
material that has passed through the walls of vessels 



into the adjacent tissues, e., fibrinous, coagulation 
of fluid soon after its escape from the vessels within 
the spaces into which it has exuded, e., sero- 
fibrinous, serous fluid in which flocculi of coagulated 
matter float. 

exudation (eks-u-da'-shun) [exudate]. The passing 
out of serum or pus; the material that has passed 
out. 

exudative (eks-u-da'-tiv) [exudate]. Of the nature 
of or characterized by exudation. 

exulceration (eks-ul-ser-a'-shun) [ex, out; ulcer are, 
to ulcerate]. A superficial ulceration. 

exumbilication (eks-um-bil-ik-a'-shuri) [ex, out; 
umbilicus, navel]. Marked protrusion of the navel. 

exutoria (eks-u-to'-re-ah) [exurere, to burn]. 
Substances which cause a superficial ulceration of 
the skin when applied. 

exuviae (eks-'u-ve-e) [L.]. Cast-off matters; shreds 
of epidermis; also, sloughed materials. 

exuviation (eks-u-ve-a'-shun) [exuvice]. The shed- 
ding of the deciduous teeth, or other epidermal part. 

eye (i) [AS., edge]. The organ of vision. It oc- 
cupies the anterior part of the orbit, is nearly spherical 
in outline, and is composed of three concentric coats: 
the sclerotic and cornea, the choroid and iris, and the 
retina. The sclerotic is an opaque, dense, white, 
fibrous membrane, into the anterior part of which 
the transparent cornea is fitted. The choroid is 
the vascular tissue, and is continuous with the iris 
in front. The latter is a circular membrane with a 
central perforation, the pupil. Within the choroid 
is the retina, a delicate, transparent membrane con- 
taining the terminations of the optic nerve. The 
greater part of the eyeball is filled with a mucoid 
substance, the vitreous humor, against the anterior 
surface of which rests the crystalline lens. The space 
between the lens and the cornea is divided by the 
iris into two compartments, communicating through 
the pupillary opening, the anterior and posterior 
chambers, which contain the aqueous humor. An- 
teriorly the eye is covered by conjunctiva, posteriorly 
by a fibrous capsule (capsule of Tenon). The eyeball 
is moved by a series of muscles attached on the 
outer surface. Changes in the curvature of the 
lens are brought about by the ciliary muscle, while 
the size of the pupil is modified by the action of 
dilator and constrictor fibers in the iris, e.s, alter- 
nating dominance of the, dominance of one eye at one 
time or for one function, alternating with that of the 
fellow for another time or function, e., aphakic, 
the eye deprived of its crystalline lens, e., ap- 
pendages of, the eyelids, brows, and lacrimal appar- 
atus, e., apple of, formerly the eyeball; the pupil. 
e., artificial, a thin shell of glass, celluloid, or other 
substance, colored like the natural eye, placed in the 
socket after enucleation, e., compound, the organ 
of vision formed of several crystal spheres, as in the 
lower crabs, e., dominant, the eye which is uncon- 
sciously and preferentially chosen to guide decision 
and action, e. diagrammatic of Listing. See under 
Listing, e.s, equidominant, or divided dominance 
of the, having equal or divided dominance, e., 
pineal or epiphyseal, the rudimentary median eye in 
some lizards, e., reduced, of Donders. See under 
Donders. e.s, reversed dominance of the, the left, 
because of ametropia, disease, operation, etc. of the 
right becoming the dominant eye in the right- 
handed; or vice versa in the left-handed, e., sche- 
matic, an ideal or normal eye. 

eyeball (i'-bawl). The globe of the eye. 

eyebrow (i'-brow). The supercilium, the con- 
nective tissue, skin, and hairs above the eye. The 
hairs serve chiefly to prevent the sweat from falling 
into the eye. 

eyecells, cup-shaped cells of porcelain, enameled 
black, to place over the eye after operations. 

eyecurrent, the normal electric current that 
passes from the cornea (positive) to the optic nerve 
(negative) under the stimulus of light. 

eyedrops. See collyrium. Also an old name for 
tears. 

eyeglass, a lens worn in one eye. Eye-glasses 
pince-nez, worn instead of spectacles, and held in 
position by a spring acting upon the bridge of the 
nose. 

eyeground, a synonym of the fundus oculi or in- 
ternal aspect of the vitreous chamber of the eye. 

eyelashes (i'-lash-es). The hairs of the eyelid. 

eyelens, the lens of a microscope to which the eye 
is applied ; an eye-piece. 



EYELID 353 EYEWATER 

eyelid (i'-lid). The protective covering of the eyestrain (i'-strdn). The excess and abnormalism 

eyeball, composed of skin, glands, connective and of effort, with the resultant irritation, caused by 

muscular tissue, the tarsus and conjunctiva, with the ametropia or heteiophoria. It is applied also to the 

cilia at the free edge. effects of excessive use of normal eyes. 

eyepiece (i'-pes). Synonym of ocular, e., Huy- eyeteeth (i'-teth). The canine teeth of the upper 

genian. See Huygenian ocular. jaw; dog-teeth. 

eyepoint, the point above an ocular or simple eyewash, a medicated water for the eye; a col- 
microscope where the greatest number of emerging lyrium. 
rays cross. eyewater, a collyrium; also the aqueous 

eye-speculum, an instrument for retracting the humor, 
eyelids. 



13 



F. i. Abbreviation of Fahrenheit, field of vision. 2. 
Chemical symbol of fluorine. 

fabella (Ja-bel'-ah) [dim. of faba, a bean]. A sesa- 
moid fibrocartilage or small bone occasionally de- 
veloped in the gastrocnemius muscle. 

fabism (fa'-bizm) [faba, bean]. Lathyrism. 

face (fas) [fades, the face]. A name applied to 
the lower and anterior part of the head, including the 
eyes, nose, mouth, cheeks, lips, etc. f., adenoid, a 
half-idiotic expression, combined with a long, high 
nose, flattened at the bridge, narrow nostrils, open 
mouth displaying irregular upper teeth, a drooping 
jaw, and broadening between the eyes, f.-ague. See 
ague, brow-, f. grippee, the pinched face observed 
in peritonitis, f., mask-like, a face frequently seen 
in alcoholic multiple neuritis, in which an expression- 
less band stretches across the nose and cheeks be- 
tween the eyes and lips, the skin remaining motion- 
less while the eyebrows, forehead, and lips may be 
moving freely. 

facet (fas'-et) [Fr., facette, a little face]. A small 
plane surface, especially on a bone or a hard body, 
like a calculus. 

facial (fa'-shal) [face]. Pertaining to the face. 
f. angle, an angle measured in different ways by 
different authorities. That of Virchow and Holder 
is formed by the union of a line joining the fronto- 
nasal suture and the most prominent point of the 
lower edge of the superior alveolar process, and a line 
joining the superior border of the external auditory 
meatus and the lower portion of the orbit. That of 
Camper is formed by the union of Camper's line (a 
line touching the most prominent points of the upper 
and lower face) and a line joining the acanthion and 
the auricular point, f. center, one in the frontal 
gyrus for face movements, f. hemiplegia. See 
hemiplegia. ' f . nerve. See nerves, table of. 

facies (fa'-she-ez) [L., "face"]. 1. The appearance 
of the face. 2. A surface, f. anterior, the anterior 
surface, f. articularis, an articular surface, f. 
auricularis, auricular surface, f. cerebralis, cerebral 
surface, f. contactus, contact surface, f. convexa, 
convex surface, f. costalis, costal surface, f. 
diaphragmatica, diaphragmatic surface, f. dorsalis, 
dorsal surface. f. frontalis, frontal surface, f. 
gastrica, gastric surface, f. hippocratica, an appear- 
ance of theface indicative of the rapid approach of 
dissolution: the nose is pinched, the temples hollow, 
the eyes sunken, the ears leaden and cold, the lips 
relaxed, the skin livid, f. inferior, inferior surface. 
f. infratemporalis, zygomatic surface, f. intestinalis, 
intestinal surface, f. labialis, labial or buccal 
surface, f. lateralis, lateral surface, f. leontina. 
See leontiasis. f. lingualis, lingual surface, f. 
malaris, malar surface, f. malleolaris, malleolar 
surface, f. maxatoria, chewing surface, f. maxil- 
laris, maxillary surface, f. medialis, medial surface. 
f. mediastinalis, mediastinal surface, f. nasalis, 
nasal surface, f. orbitalis, orbital surface, f. ossea, 
bony portion of the face. f. ovar.ina, the emaciated 
countenance seen in patients with large ovarian 
cysts, f. palatina, palatine surface, f. parietalis, 
parietal surface, f. patellaris, patellar surface, f. 
pelvina, pelvic surface, f. posterior, posterior sur- 
face, f. renalis, renal surface, f. sphenomaxillaris, 
temporal surface, f. superior, superior surface, f. 
volaris, volar surface. 

faciobrachial (fa-she-o-bra'-ke-al). Relating to the 
face and arm; generally referring to a form of juvenile 
muscular dystrophy. 

faciocervical (fa-she-o-ser'-vik-al). Relating to the 
face and neck. 

faciolingual (fa-she-o-lin'-gwal). Relating to the 
face and tongue. 

facioscapulohumeral (fa-she-o-skap' ' -u-lo-hu-me- 
ral). Relating to the face, scapula, and arm. 

F. A. C. S. Abbreviation for Fellow of the Ameri- 
can College of Surgeons. 



factitious (fak-tish'-us) [facere, to make]. Artificial. 

facultative (fak'-ul-ta-tiv) [facultas, capability]. 
Voluntary; optional, f. aerobic. See under .aerobic. 
f. anaerobic. See aerobic, facultative, f, manifest 
hyperopia, that part of the manifest hyperopia that 
can be concealed by the accommodation, f . parasite, 
an organism that, while usually parasitic, can also 
live outside of its host. 

faculty (jak'-ul-te) [facultas, capability]. 1. A 
special action of the mind through the instrumentality 
of an organ or organs; any function, particularly any 
acquired, modified, or facultative function. 2. The 
corps of professors and instructors of a university 
and its colleges, f., medical, the corps of professors 
and instructors of a medical college. 

faecal, faeces (Je'-kal, fe'-sez). See fecal, feces. 

faecula (fek'-u-lah). Seefecula. 

faenum-graecum (fen-um-gre'-kum). See fenugreek. 

faex (feks) [L., "lees"; pi., faces). The dregs or 
sediment of any liquid; fecula. f. medicinalis 
liquida, liquid yeast. It is used in the treatment of 
acne in the young. Dose § teaspoonful to 1 table- 
spoonful mixed with water once or twice daily with 
meals, f. medicinalis sicca, dry yeast. It is used 
internally in smallpox to diminish suppuration; also 
in bronchopneumonia occurring in measles. Dose 
ij teaspoonfuls mixed with 80 Cc. of boiled water 
in high rectal injection. 

fag [origin uncertain]. Exhaustion; tire. See 
brainfag. 

Faget's sign (Jaz-zha') [Jean Charles Faget, French 
physician, 1818- ]. A fall in the pulse rate with 
a rising or horizontal temperature curve; said to be 
pathognomonic of yellow fever. 

fagopyrum (fag-o-pi'-rum). Poisoning by buck- 
wheat. 

Fahr., abbreviation for Fahrenheit's scale; see 
thermometer. 

Fahrenheit's thermometer (fah'-ren-hlt) [Gabriel 
Daniel Fahrenheit, German physicist, 1686-1736]. 
See thermometer .Fahrenheit. 

faint (fanf). 1. A condition of languor. 2. A 
state of syncope or swooning. 

fainting (fant'-ing). A swoon; the act of swooning. 
f. sickness. Synonym of epilepsy. 

faith-cure. The system or practice of attempting 
or pretending to cure disease by religious faith and 
prayer alone. 

falcate (fal'-kat) [falx, a sickle]. Sickle-shaped. 

falcial (fal'-se-al) [falx, a sickle]. Relating to the 
falx cerebri or falx cerebelli. 

falcicula (fal-sik'-u-lah). Seefalcula. 

falciform (Jal '-si-form) [falx ; forma, form ] . Having 
the shape of a sickle, f. ligament. See ligament, 
falciform, f. process, a process of the dura mater 
that separates the hemispheres of the brain; the 
falx. 

falcula (faV -ku-lah) [dim. of falx, a sickle]. The 
falx cerebelli. 

falcular (fal'-ku-lar) [falx, a sickle]. 1. Sickle- 
shaped. 2. Pertaining to the falx cerebelli. 

fallacia (fal-a'-se-ah) [L.]. An insane illusion; an 
hallucination, f. auditoria, an illusion as to hearing. 
f. optica, any visual illusion. 

fallectomy (fal-ek'-to-me). Same as salpingectomy. 

falling (Jawl'-ing) [AS., feallan, to fall]. Dropping 
down, f.-sickness, epilepsy, f. of the womb, a 
descent of the uterus into the vagina. 

Fallopian (fal-o'-pe-an). Described by Gabriel 
Falloppio or Falloppius, Italian anatomist, 1523- 
1562. F. aqueduct, F. canal, a canal in the petrosa, 
extending from the internal auditory meatus to the 
stylomastoid foramen and transmitting the facial 
nerve. F. gestation, tubal gestation. F. hiatus, an 
opening on the anterior surface of the petrosa, which 
serves for the transmission of the petrosal branch of 
the vidian nerve. F. ligament. 1. See Poupart's 
ligament. 2. See Hunter's ligament. F. muscle, 



FALLOPIUS 



355 



FASCICLE 



the pyramidalis. F. tube, the oviduct. F. valve. 
See Bauhin's valve. 

Fallopius, aqueduct of. See Fallopian aqueduct. 
F., hiatus of. See Fallopian hiatus. 

fallostomy (Jal-os'-to-me). Same as salpingostomy. 

fallotomy (Jal-ot'-o-me). Same as salpingotomy. 

JKalret's type of mania of persecution. A form of 
paranoia occurring in degenerates. Syn., "Idees de 
persecution et de persecuteur." 

false (fawls) [falsus, deceptive]. Not genuine; not 
real; imitating, f. aneurysm. See aneurysm, false. 
f. ankylosis, ankylosis due to rigidity of the soft 
tissues, f. image, in diplopia, the image of the 
deviating eye. f. joint, a result of non-union of a 
fractured bone. f. membrane, a fibrinous exudate 
upon a surface, f. pains, pains that precede true 
labor-pains, f. passage, a passage, formed by the 
laceration of any canal, f. pelvis, the portion of the 
pelvic cavity situated above the iliopectineal line, 
f. ribs, the five lower ribs. 

falsetto (J awl-set' -o) [Ital.]. A voice both high- 
pitched and peculiarly modified as to quality; the 
highest register of the human voice. It is more 
obvious in the male than in most female voices. 

falsification (Jawl-sif-ik-a' -shun) [falsus, deceptive; 
facere, to make]. The fraudulent adulteration of 
foods or medicines; counterfeiting. 

falx (folks) [L.]. A sickle; a sickle-shaped struc- 
ture, f. aponeurotica, the conjoined tendon, f. 
cerebelli, a sickle-like process of dura mater between 
the lobes of the cerebellum, f. cerebri, the process 
of the dura separating the hemispheres of the cere- 
brum, f . inguinalis. See /. aponeurotica. 

famelic (Jam-el'-ik) [famelicus, hungry]. Marked 
by extreme hunger; effective in overcoming the 
sensation of hunger. 

famelica (jam-el' -ik-ah) [famelicus, hungry]. Febris 
famelica; fever accompanied by hunger. _ 

fames (ja'-mez) [L.]. Hunger, f. bovina, bulimia. 
f. canina ("dog-hunger"), bulimia, i. lupina ("wolf- 
hunger"), extreme bulimia. 

familial (fam-il'-yal). Characteristic of a family. 

famine fever. Same as relapsing fever. 

fanaticism (Jan-at' -is-izm) [fanaticus, pertaining to 
a temple]. Perversion and excess of the religious 
sentiment. It often trenches upon the domain of 
insanity; and is sometimes an outcome, at other 
times a cause, of mental disease. 

fang [AS., fangan, to seize]. The root of a tooth. 

fango {fan' -go). Clay from the hot springs of 
Battaglio, Italy; it is used as a local application in 
gout, f.-therapy, the therapeutic application of 
heat and pressure by means of heated fango or other 
mud. 

fantascopy (fan-tas'-ko-pe). See retinoscopy. 

farad {jar' -ad) [Michael Faraday, English physicist, 
1701-1867]. The unit of electric capacity; a capacity 
sufficient to hold one coulomb of current having a 
potential of one volt. 

Faraday's law of electrolysis [see farad}. The 
amount of an ion liberated at an electrode in a given 
time is proportional to the strength of the current. 

faradic, faradaic (far-ad' -ik, far-ad-a'-ik). Per- 
taining to induced electric currents, f. current, the 
induced electric current. 

faradimeter (far-ad-im' -et-er) [farad; ukrpov, a 
measure]. An instrument for measuring the strength 
of an induced electric current. 

faradipuncture (far-ad-i-punk'-chur). The appli- 
cation of faradic electricity by means of needle 
electrodes thrust into the tissues. 

faradism (far'-ad-izm) [see farad]. 1. The elec- 
tricity produced in an induced or faradic current. 
2. Faradization. 

faradization (jar-ad-iz-a'-shun) [see farad]. Fara- 
dism; the application of the induced current to a 
diseased part. f. general, the therapeutic application 
of the electric current to the organism as a whole. 

faradocontractility (far-ad-o-kon-trak'-til-it-e). Con- 
tractility in response to the stimulus of faradic 
electricity. 

faradopuncture (far-ad-o-punk'-chur) [Faraday; 
punctura, a puncture]. The passage of a faradic 
current into the tissues by acupuncture. 

farcinia (far-sin' -e-ah). Synonym of equinia. 
, f arcinoma (far-sin-o'-mah) [farciminum, farcy ; 
ofia, a tumor: pi., farcinomata]. A farcy-bud, or 
glanderous tumor; less correctly, farcy, or glanders. 

farctus (fark'-tus) [L., a "stuffing"]. Emphraxis; 
congestion; infarction. 



farcy (far'-se) ' [farcire, to stuff]. The form of 
glanders that attacks the skin and lymphatic glands. 
f.-bud, or f.-button, a glanderous tumor, f.-pipes, 
the swollen lymph-vessels in glanders. 

fardel-bound (far' -del-bownd) [fardel, a load; ME., 
bounden]. 1. A term applied to neat cattle or sheep 
affected with inflammation of the abomasum, or of 
the omasum, with impaction of food in the latter. 
Fardel-bound cattle are said to have "lost the cud." 

farding-bag (far' -ding-bag). The first stomach of 
a ruminant animal ; the paunch or rumen. 

fareol (far'-e-ol). A proprietary anodyne and 
antipyretic. 

farfara (far'-far-ah). See coltsfoot. 

farina (far-e'-nah) [L., "meal"]. The ground or 
powdered starchy part of seeds, especially that of 
corn, barley, rye, and wheat. 

farinaceous (far-in-a'-shus) [farina]. Having the 
nature of or yielding flour. 

far-point. The most distant point at which an 
eye can see distinctly when accommodation is com- 
pletely relaxed. 

Farrant's solution. Make a saturated solution of 
arsenic trioxide in water by boiling; let it stand for 
24 hours and filter. Then to equal quantities of 
water, glycerol, and arsenic trioxide solution add 
picked gum-arabic until a thick, syrupy fluid is 
obtained. In about a week filter slowly through 
frequently changed filter-paper. 

Farre's tubercles (far) [John Richard Farre, 
English physician, 1775-1862]. Cancerous masses 
on the surface of the liver. 

Farre's white line (far) [Frederick John Farre, 
English gynecologist, 1804-T886]. The boundary- 
line at the hilum of the ovary between the germ 
epithelium and the squamous epithelium of the 
broad ligament; it marks the insertion of the meso- 
varium. 

Farre- Waldeyer's line. See Farre's white line. 

farriery (far'-yer-e) [farraria, pertaining to iron]. 
The art of treating the diseases of horses; veterinary 
surgery. 

far-sightedness. Hyperopia. 

fascia (fash'-e-ah) [L., "a band"]. 1. The areolar 
tissue forming layers beneath the skin (superficial 
fascia) or between muscles (deep fascia). 2. A band- 
age, f., anal. See /., ischiorectal, f., cervical, deep, 
that which invests the muscles of the neck and 
incloses the vessels and nerves, f., cervical, super- 
ficial, that just beneath the skin, f., Colles'. See 
under Colles. f. colli. 1. The deep and superficial 
fasciae of the neck regarded as one. 2. The deep 
cervical fascia, f., cremasteric, a thin covering of 
the spermatic cord, formed by the stretched fibers of 
the cremaster muscle, f., cribriform, the sieve- 
like covering of the saphenous opening, f. dentata, 
a serrated band of gray matter of the hippocampal 
gyrus of the cerebrum, f. infundibuliform, the 
process of the transversalis fascia extended over the 
spermatic cord, f., intercolumnar, a fascia attached 
to the margins of the external abdominal ring and 
forming a sheath for the cord and testis, f., ischio- 
rectal, that covering the perineal aspect of the 
levator ani muscle, f . lata, the dense fascia surround- 
ing the muscles of the thigh, f.s of origin, those 
serving for the origin of muscles, f.s, partial, 
aponeuroses covering the muscles of a limb and 
retaining them in position; they are chiefly attached 
by their extremities to bones, f., prevertebral, a 
band of connective tissue covering the front of the 
cervical vertebrae and the prevertebral muscles 
adherent to the basilar process above and running to 
the third thoracic vertebra below. It is attached to 
the esophagus and pharynx by loose connective tissue. 
f. propria, f. propria of the scrotum, the infundi- 
buliform fascia together with the underlying areolar 
tissue, f., semilunar, f. semilunaris, a fibrous 
band extending downward and inward from the inner 
aspect of the biceps humeri and its tendon and 
connecting with the fascia investing the antibrachial 
muscles arising from the inner condyle of the humerus. 
f., transversalis, that lying between the transversalis 
muscle and the peritoneum. 

fascial (fash'-e-al) [fascia]. Pertaining to or of 
the nature of a fascia. 

fasciaplasty (fash-e-ah-plas'-te) [fascia; wXdaaeiv, 
to form]. Plastic surgery of fascia. 

fasciation (fash-e-a'-shun) [fascia, a bandage]. 
The art or act of bandaging. 

fascicle (fas'-ik-l) [dim. of fascis, a bundle]. A 



FASCICULATED 



356 



FEBRICIDE 



small bundle of fibers. See fasciculus, f., cuneate, 
the continuation of the posteromedian column of the 
spinal cord, f., fornicate, the white matter of the 
fornicate gyrus, the fibers of which extend longi- 
tudinally and ramify upward and backward into its 
secondary gyri. Syn., fillet of the corpus callosum. 
t, fundamental, a part of the anterior column 
extending into the oblongata, f.s, gyral. See 
fibers, association-, f., olivary. See fillet, olivary. 
f., posterolongitudinal, fibers connecting the corpora 
quadrigemina and the nuclei of the fourth and 
sixth nerves with the parts below, f., pyramidal, 
a portion of the anterior column of the cord extending 
to the pyramid, f., solitary, fibers connecting the 
internal capsule and lenticular nucleus with parts 
below. 

fasciculated (fas-ik'-u-la-ted). United into bundles 
or fascicles. 

fasciculus (Jas-ik'-u-lus) [dim. of fascis, a bundle; 
pi., fasciculi). A little bundle, particularly of 
muscle-fibers; a fascicle (q. v.). f. albicantiothalami. 
Same as bundle of Vicq d'Azyr. f. arciformis pedis, 
the cimbia, q. v. f. cerebello-spinalis. See tract, 
direct cerebellar. f., cuneate, the continuation of 
Burdach's column, or the posteromedian column of 
the spinal cord, f., gracilis, the posterior pyramid 
•of the medulla, f. longitudinalis inferior, fibers con- 
meeting the temporal to the occipital lobe. f. longi- 
tudinalis medialis, a band of fibers found in the 
mid-brain ventrad to the central gray matter. 
:f. longitudinalis pyramidalis. See tract, pyramidal. 
i. longitudinalis superior, a bundle of fibers joining 
the frontal cortex with the parietal, occipital, and 
■external temporal cortex, f. longitudinalis ventralis, 
"the anterior longitudinal bundle of fibers arising in 
the superior colliculus and descending into the spinal 
•cord. f. marginalis. See Lissauer's tract, f. occipito- 
ifrontalis, a bundle of fibers extending from the 
cortex of the frontal lobe to the cortex of the occipital 
lobe, fasciculi occipitothalamici, the bundles of 
nerve-fibers uniting the thalamus with the occipital 
lobe, f., olivary. See fillet, olivary, f. perpendicu- 
laris, a vertical bundle of fibers from the inferior 
parietal and superior occipital gyri to the inferior 
temporal and occipital and the fusiform gyri. f. 
pedunculo-mammillaris, a bundle arising in the corpus 
marnmillare and passing into the mid-brain, f., 
posterolongitudinal, fibers connecting the corpora 
quadrigemina and the nuclei of the fourth and 
sixth nerves with the parts below, f. rectus. Same 
as /. perpendicularis. f. retrofiexus, a bundle of 
nerve-fibers connecting the ganglion of the habenula 
with the interpeduncular ganglion of the opposite 
side. See also Meynert's bundle, f., solitary, fibers 
connecting the internal capsule and the lenticular 
nucleus with parts below. See solitary bundle, f., 
sphenoid, the part of the corona radiata which enters 
the temporosphenoid lobe. f. subcallosus, a tract 
• of long association-fibers lying under the corpus 

■ callosum, and connecting the frontal, parietal, and 
occipital lobes, f. teres, the funiculus teres, f. 
thalamo-mammillaris. Same as bundle of Vicq 

-d'Azyr. f. trineuralis, f., trineural. See solitary 

■ bundle, f. unciformis, f. uncinatus, a bundle of 
-roedullated axons extending between the uncus and 
the basal portions of the frontal lobe, and connecting 
the temporal sense area with the olfactory sense area. 

fascination {fas-in-a' -shun) [fascinatio, a bewitch- 
ing]. A form of incomplete hypnotism, intermediate 
between somnambulism and catalepsy; the alleged 
controlling influence of one person over another. 

fasciodesis (Jas-e-od'-e-sis) [fascia; 5«m, binding]. 
The operation of suturing a tendon to a fascia. 

fasciola (fas-i'-o-lah) [L., a small bandage], i. The 
dorsal continuation of the fascia dentata of the 
cerebrum. 2. A genus of trematodes. f. cinerea. 
See fasciola (1). F. hepatica, the liyer fluke. 

fascioliasis (fas-e-o-W -as-is) [fasciola, a small 
bandage]. A term employed for distomiasis, or 
distomatosis. 

fasciolopsis (fas-ce-o-lop'-sis). See fluke. 

fasciotomy (fash-e-ot' -o-me) . See aponeurotomy. 

fascitis (Jas-i'-tis). Inflammation of a fascia. 

fastidium (fas-tid'-e-um) [L., "a loathing"]. A 
loathing for food or drink. 

fastigatum (fas-tig-a'-tum). See nucleus fastigii. 

fastigium (Jas-tij'-e-um) [L., "summit"]. 1. The 
acme of a disease. 2. The angle between the superior 
lamina and the inferior medullary velum in the roof 
of the fourth ventricle. 



'fat [ME.]. A greasy substance, a compound of 
oleic, palmitic, or stearic acid with glycerol, f.-cell, 
a connective-tissue cell containing oil-globules. 
f. columns, columnar shaped adipose tissue found in 
the thicker parts of the cutis vera. f. emboli. See 
embolus, f .-necrosis, a peculiar form of necrosis of a 
fatty tissue occurring in pinpoint-sized areas of a 
dead-white color. 

fatigue (fa-teg') [fatigo, weariness]. Weariness. 
f. diseases, those caused by constant repetition of 
certain muscular movements, f. fever, fever follow- 
ing excessive exertions, and supposed to be caused 
by the absorption of waste-products, f.-stuff, toxic 
material from tissue-disintegration due to undue 
fatigue. 

fatty (fat'-e) [fat]. Containing fat or derived from 
fat. f. acids, a series of acids with the general 
formula CnH2n02, some of the members of which 
combine with glycerol to form fats. f. casts. See 
cast. t. degeneration. See degeneration, fatty, f. 
heart. See heart, f. series, methane and its deriva- 
tives. 

fatuity (fat-u' -it-e) [fatuitas, foolishness]. Amentia 
or dementia. 

fauces (faw'-sez) [L., "the upper part of the 
throat"]. The space surrounded by the palate, 
tonsils, and uvula, f., isthmus of the, the space at 
the back of the mouth inclosed by the margin of the 
palate, the back of the tongue, and the pillars of the 
fauces, f., pillars of the, the folds formed by the 
palatoglossus muscle in front of the tonsils and by 
the palatopharyngeus behind them. 

Fauchard's disease (fo'-shar) [Pierre Fauchard, 
French dentist, 1680-1761]. Alveolodental perios- 
titis; pyorrhoea alveolaris; progressive necrosis of the 
dental alveoli. 

faucial (faw'-se-al) [fauces]. Pertaining to the 
fauces. 

faucitis (faw-si'-tis) [fauces; iris, inflammation]. 
Inflammation of the fauces. 

fault (fawlt) [ME., faut, a lack]. In electricity, 
any failure in the proper working of a circuit due to 
ground-contacts, cross-contacts, or disconnections. 
These may be of three kinds: 1. Disconnections; 
2. Earths; 3. Contacts. 

fauna (faw'-nah) [Faunus 'the god of agriculture: 
pi., faunae]. The entire animal life of any geograph- 
ical area or geological period. 

faunorum ludibria (fawn-or'-um lu-dib' -re-ah) [L., 
"sport of the fauns"]. An old designation for night- 
mare and for epilepsy. 

Fauvel's granules (fo-veV) [Sulpice Antoine Fauvel, 
French physician, 1813-1884]. Abscesses in the im- 
mediate neighborhood of the bronchi or bronchioles. 

favaginous {fav-aj'-in-us) [favus]. Resembling 
favus; having a honeycombed surface. 

faveolate (fav-e'-o-lat) [favus]. Favose, honey- 
combed; same as alveolate. 

faveolus (fav-e'-o-lus) [favus; pi., faveoli]. A pit 
or cell like that of the honeycomb. 

faviform (fav'-if-orm) [favus, honeycomb; forma, 
form]. Resembling a honeycomb; a designation of 
certain ulcerated surfaces. 

favosoareolate (fa-vo-so-ar-e'-o-lat) [favus; areola]. 
Pitted with reticular markings. 

favus (fa'-vus) [L., "a honeycomb"]. A parasitic 
skin disease due to the presence of a vegetable 
parasite, Achorion schonleinii. It is characterized 
by the presence of round, sulphur-yellow, cup-shaped 
crusts, having a peculiar musty odor, and which are 
found on microscopic examination to be composed 
almost entirely of the elements of the fungus. The 
disease affects most frequently the scalp, but may 
occur anywhere. Syn., tinea favosa, f.-cup, any 
one of the cup-shaped crusts that characterize favus. 

faxwax (faks'-waks) [fax, hair; Ger., wachsen, to 
grow]. The ligamentum nuchae, or the material of 
which it is composed. It is also called paxwax; 

F. C. S. Abbreviation for Fellow of the Chemical 
Society. 

Fe. Chemical symbol oiferrum, iron. 

fear (fer). An emotion of dread; apprehension; 
the feeling which in its intenser manifestations is 
called terror or fright. 

feature (fe'-chur) [factura, a making]. Any single 
part of lineament of the face. , 

febralgene (feb-ral'-jen). A proprietary antipyretic 
and sedative. Dose 2^-5 gr. (0.16-0.32 Gm.). 

febricide (feb'-ris-id) [febris; ccedere, to kill]. 
Destructive fever. 



FEBRICITY 



357 



FEMININITY 



febricity (fe-bris'-it-e) [febris, a fever]. Feverish- 
ness. 

febricula (Jeb-rik'-u-lah) [febris]. A slight fever of 
short duration, most frequently encountered among 
children. 

febriculose (Jeb-rik'-u-los) [febris, fever]. Slightly 
feverish. 

febriculosity (feb-rik-u-los'-it-e). Feverishness. 

febrifacient Jeb-re-fa' -se-ent) [febris, a fever; 
facer e, to make]. Causing fever. 

febriferous Je-brif -er-us) [febris, a fever; ferre, 
to bear]. Causing or conveying fever. 

febrific (fe-brif'-ik) [febris, a fever]. Febrifacient. 

febrifugal Je-brif ' -u-gal) [febris, fever; fugare, to 
dispel]. Removing or dispelling fever. 

febrifuge (feb'-rif-uj) [febris; fugare, to dispel], 
i. Dispelling fever. 2. An agent that lessens fever. 

febrile (feb'-ril) [febris]. Pertaining to or char- 
acterized by fever. 

febrility Je-bril'-it-e) [febris, a fever]. The quality 
of being febrile ; feverishness. 

febrinol Jeb'-rin-ol). A proprietary antipyretic 
and analgesic remedy. 

febris (feb'-ris) [L.]. See fever, f. acmastica, a 
continued fever, f. acuta, ague. f. amatoria, chloro- 
sis, f. bullosa. Synonym of pemphigus, f. castren- 
sis. 1. Typhus fever. 2. Remittent fever, f . castren- 
sis epidemica, malarial and typhoid fever, f. catar- 
rhalis. Synonym of influenza. f. complicata, 
Mediterranean fever, f. dysenterica. Synonym of 
dysentery, f. enterica, typhoid fever, q. v. f . exanthe- 
matica articulosa. Synonym of dengue, f. famelica. 
See famelica. f. flava. See yellow fever, f. Hun- 
garica. Synonym of typhus, f. innominata, a fever 
in which the clinical signs are lacking, f. lactea, 
milk fever, f . nervosa, those febrile conditions which 
appear to be primarily nervous in pathology, f. 
nigra. Synonym of fever, cerebrospinal, f. pete- 
chialis, typhus, f. recidiva. Synonym of relapsing 
fever, f. recurrens. Synonym of fever, relapsing. 
i. remittens. See fever, remittent. f. undulans, 
Malta fever, f. variolosa, a form of smallpox 
described by Sydenham with alarming initial symp- 
toms but mild in its subsequent course. Called by 
de Haen variola sine variolis, 

fecal (Je'-kal) [feces]. Pertaining to, consisting of, 
or discharging feces. 

fecaloid (fe'-kal-oid) [fax; elSos, likeness]. Re- 
sembling feces. 

feces (Je'-sez) [fax, sediment; pi., faces]. The ex- 
cretions of the bowels. The feces consist of excretions 
and secretions from the intestine and of undigested 
food, the latter being made up of digestible substances 
that escaped digestion and of indigestible matters, 
such as nuclein, cellulose, chlorophyl, and mineral 
salts. 

Fechner's law {fek'-ner) [Fustav Theodor Fechner, 
German physicist, 1801-1887]. The intensity of a 
sensation is proportional to the logarithm of the 
stimulus. 

fecula Jek'-u-lah) [dim. of fax, sediment]. 1. The 
starchy part of a seed. 2. The sediment subsiding 
from an infusion. 

feculent Jek' -u-lent) [faculentus, dreggy]. Having 
sediment. 

fecundate (Je'-kun-dat). To impregnate; to render 
pregnant. 

fecundation Je-kun-da'-shun) [fecundity]. The act 
of fertilizing, f., artificial, fecundation brought 
about by the injection of semen into the vagina or 
uterus through a syringe or other instrument. 

fecundity (fe-kun'-dit-e) [fecunditas, fruitfulness]. 
The ability to produce offspring. 

Federici's sign Ja-dar-e'-che) [Cesare Federici, 
Italian physician, 1838-1892]. Perception of the 
heart-sounds over the whole abdomen in cases of 
perforative peritonitis with escape of gas into the 
peritoneal cavity. 

feeble (fe'-b'l). Lacking strength; weak, f.- 
minded, idiotic. 

feed (Jed) [ME., fedan, to nourish]. 1. To supply 
with food; to graze; to eat. 2. Food, especially that 
for lower animals; fodder. 

feeder (fe'-der) [ME., fedan, to nourish]. An 
instrument used in the forcible feeding of insane 
patients who obstinately refuse to eat. 

feeding (fe'-ding) [ME., fedan, to nourish]. The 
taking of food or aliment, f., artificial, the intro- 
duction of food into the body by means of artificial 
devices, such as the stomach tube or in the form 



of an enema. Also, the nourishing of a child by food 
other then the mother's milk, f.-bottle, a glass- 
flask armed with a rubber nipple, used in feeding 
liquid food to infants, f.-cup, a cup used in the forci- 
ble feeding of the insane, f., extrabuccal, the intro- 
duction of food into the system by other channels- 
than the mouth; by subcutaneous nutritive enema, 
or intravascular injection of food materials; feeding- 
after gastrotomy, through gastric fistula?, f., forci- 
ble, the administration of aliment by compulsion to 
such patients as refuse to take food in the natural 
manner, f. by the rectum, the introduction of food 
into the rectum in the form of an enema or sup- 
pository. 

feel (fel). To have a sensation of; to try by touch; 
to have perception by means of the sense of touch. 

feeling (fe'-ling). The sense of touch; any emotion 
or sensibility; any conscious state of nervous ac- 
tivity; any sensation, f.s, entoperipheral, sensa- 
tions due to stimulation of the peripheral nerves 
distributed to the interior of the organism, f.s, 
epiperipheral, sensations due to stimulation of the 
peripheral nerves distributed to the surface of the 
body, including all the nerves of special sense, f.s, 
presentative, primary sensations caused by direct 
stimulation, f.s, representative, sensations pro- 
duced bv indirect stimulation; revived feelings; ideas.. 

feet (fet). The plural of foot, q. v. f., frosted. 
See chilblain. 

Fehleisen's streptococcus (fa'-li-zen) [Friedrich 
Fehleisen, German physician, 1854- ]. The 
Streptococcus erysipelatis. 

Fehling's solution (fa'-ling) [Hermann von Fehling, 
German chemist, 1812-1885]. See under F.'s test 
for glucose. F.'s test for glucose, two solutions 
are required to be kept in two distinct parts in well- 
stoppered bottles. (A) Dissolve 36.64 Gm. of copper 
sulphate in 500 Cc. of water. (B) Dissolve 173 Gm. 
of Rochelle salt in 100 Cc. of a solution of caustic 
soda having a specific gravity of 1.34. and dilute 
with water to 500 Cc. Mix equal volumes of A and B 
for use; the result is a dark-blue fluid known as 
Fehling's solution. The solution should always be 
fresh, as tartaric acid has a tendency to become 
converted into racemic acid, which reduces cupric 
salts like sugar. Its absence should always be 
ascertained by boiling the Fehling solution, which 
should remain unaltered by this process. On addi- 
tion of a solution of glucose and then boiling, a red 
precipitate of the cuprous oxide or hydrate occurs. 

feigned disease. See malingering. 

fel [L.]. Bile. f. bovinum. Same as /. bovis. 
f. bovis (U. S. P.), oxgall, f. bovis purificatum. 
(U. S. P.), purified oxgall; it is said to be tonic and 
laxative. Dose 5-10 gr. (0.3-0.6 Gm.). 

fellatio Jel-a'-she-o) [L.]. The act of sexual 
perversion referred to under fellatrice, q. v. 

fellator (fel-at-or). Masculine form of fellatrice, q. v. 

fellatrice (fel-at-res') [Ft.]. The female agent in 
irrumation, who receives the male organ in her mouth 
and by friction with the lips or tongue produces the 
orgasm. 

fellifiuous (Jel-if'-loo-us) [fel; fluere, to flow]. 
Flowing with gall. 

fellitin Jel'-it-in). A proprietary' preparation of 
oxgall for use in frost-bite. 

fellmongers' disease. Anthrax; so called as 
attacking dealers in fells, or pelts, and skins. 

Fell's method [George E. Fell, American physician, 
1850- ]. A method of forced respiration in 
cases of narcotic poisoning or drowning, by means 
of an apparatus consisting of a tracheotomy-tube 
attached to a bellows. 

felo-de-se (Je'-lo-de-se) [Sp.]. A suicide. Also, 
any one who commits an unlawful malicious act, the 
consequence of which is his own death. 

felon (fel' -on). See paronychia. 

Felt treatment of sciatica. Subcutaneous injection 
of ^3 gr. (2 mg.) of atropine, followed in 48 hours 
by a second dose of & gr. (2.6 mg.), 48 hours after, 
5 V gr. (3 mg.). 

female (Je'-mal) [femina, woman]. 1. Pertaining 
to the sex that conceives and bears young; pertaining 
to woman. 2. Denoting that part of a double- 
limbed instrument that receives the complementary 
part. f. catheter, a catheter for emptying the 
female bladder. 

femininity (fem-in-in'-it-e) [femina, a woman]. 
The sum of those qualities that distinguish the 
female sex. 



FEMINISM 



358 



FERMENTATION 



feminism (fem'-in-izm) [femina, a woman]. Ar- 
rested development of the male organs of generation, 
accompanied by various mental and physical ap- 
proximations to the characters of the female sex. 

feminonucleus (fem-in-o-nu'-kle-us) [femina, 
woman; nucleus]. The embryonic female nucleus, 
as distinguished from the corresponding male nucleus. 

femoral (Jem'-or-al) [femur]. Pertaining to the 
femur, f. arch, Poupart's ligament, f. artery. See 
under artery, i. canal, a canal in the sheath of the 
femoral vessels, to the inner side of the femoral vein, 
through which, at times, a hernia descends, f. 
hernia. See hernia, femoral, f. ligament of Hey. 
See Hey's ligament, f. ring, the abdominal end of 
the femoral canal, normally closed by the crural 
septum and the peritoneum, f. sheath, a continua- 
tion downward of the fascia? that line the abdomen. 
It contains the femoral vessels. 

femoralis (fem-or-a' -lis) [L.]. i. See femoral. 
2. See quadriceps extensor femoris, in muscles, table of. 

femoren (Jem'-or-en) [femur, the thigh-bone]. 
Belonging to the femur in itself. 

femoro-articular (fem-or-o-ar-tik'-u-lar). Articu- 
lating with the femur. 

femorocele (fem'-or-o-sel) [femur; K17X7/, hernia]. 
Femoral hernia. 

femoropopliteal (fem-or-o-pop-lit-e'-al). 1. Relating 
to or contained in the thigh or popliteal space. 
2. Relating to the dorsal aspect of the thigh. 

f emoropopliteotibial (fem-or-o-pop-lit-e-o-tib'-e-al) . 
Relating to the femur, popliteal space, and tibia. 

femoropretibial (fem-or-o-pre-tib'-e-al). Relating 
to the thigh and the anterior part of the leg. 

femorotibial (fem-or-o-tib'-e-al). Relating to the 
femur and the tibia. 

femorovascular (fem-or-o-vas'-ku-lar) [femur; vascu- 
lum, a little vase]. Relating to the femoral canal. 

femur (fe'-mur) [L.]. 1. The thigh-bone. 2. The 
thigh. 

fence (fens) [abbreviation of defense]. A line of 
cross-scarification made on the skin surrounding an 
erysipelatous area, to which a germicide is applied, 
to prevent progress of the disease. 

fenestra (fen-es'-trah) [L., "a window"]. 1. In 
anatomy, a name given to two apertures of the ear, 
the /. ovalis and /. rotunda. 2. The open space in 
the blade of a forceps. 3. An opening in a bandage 
or dressing for drainage, etc. f . cochleae, f. cochlearis, 
f. triquetra, the fenestra rotunda. See under ear. 
f. semiovalis, f. vestibularis, f. vestibuli, the fenestra 
ovalis. See under ear. 

fenestral, fenestrate (fen-es'-tral, fen'-es-tral) [fen- 
estra, a window]. Having apertures or openings. 

fenestrated (fen-es'-tra-ted) [fenestra]. Perforated. 
f. membrane of Henle, the layer of elastic tissue in 
the intima of large arteries. 

fennel {fen' -I). See fceniculum. 

fenthozon (fen'-tho-zon). A proprietary disin- 
fectant and deodorant said to consist of acetic acid, 
26 Gm.; phenol, 2 Gm.; menthol, camphor, and oil 
of eucalyptus, of each, 1 Gm., and oils of verbena 
and lavender, of each, 0.5 Gm. 

fenugreek (fen'-u-grek). The Trigonella fcenum- 
grcecum, a leguminous plant cultivated in France and 
Germany, the seeds of which contain two alkaloids, 
choline and trigonelline. The seeds are employed 
for the preparation of emollient poultices, enemas, 
ointments, and plasters. They are not used inter- 
nally. 

Fenwick's disease [Samuel Fenwick, English 
physician, 1821- ]. Primary atrophy of the 
stomach. 

feral (fe'-ral) [feralis, deadly]. Deadly or fatal; 
as a feral disease. 

feralboid (fer-al'-boyd). A peptonized albuminate 
of iron. It is used in anemia, neurasthenia, etc. 
Dose 5-I gr. (0.021-0.042 Gm.) 3 times a day. 
Syn., feraldoid. 

fercremol (fer'-kre-mol). A brown, tasteless com- 
pound of iron and hemoglobin, containing 3 % of 
iron. Dose 3-8 gr. (0.2-0.52 Gm.). 

Fereol's nodosities (fa-ra-oV) [Louis Henri Felix 
Fer'eol, French physician, 1825-1891]. Inconstant 
subcutaneous nodosities observed in cases of acute 
articular rheumatism. 

Fereol-Graux's type of ocular palsy (fa-ra-ol'-gro 1 ). 
Associated paralysis of the internal rectus muscle 
of one side and of the external rectus of the other; 
it is of nuclear origin. 

Fergusson's speculum (fer'-gus-un). [Sir William 



Fergusson, Scotch surgeon, 1808-1877]. A vaginal 
speculum in the form of a silvered glass tube with a 
coating of caoutchouc. 

ferine (fe'-rin) [ferinus, pertaining to a wild beast]. 
Noxious, malignant, or violent; as a. ferine disease. 

ferisol (fer'-is-ol). A derivative of cinnamic acid 
and guaiacol; a very soluble powder. Dose 15 gr. 
(1 Gm.); intramuscularly, 15 min. (0.92 Cc.) of a 
10 % solution. 

fermang (fer'-mang). A proprietary peptonate of 
iron and manganese. 

f ermanglobin (fer-man-glo'-bin) . Hemoglobin com- 
bined with iron and manganese; used in anemia. 
Dose a teaspoonful to a dessert-spoonful (5-10 Cc). 

ferment (fer'-ment) [fermentum, leaven; yeast]. 
Any substance which, in contact with another sub- 
stance, is capable of setting up changes (fermentation) 
in the latter without itself undergoing much change. 
Ferments are classified into unorganized, or soluble, 
and organized, or living, ferments. According 
to the character of the fermentation, the unorganized 
ferments are divided into amylolytic, proteolytic, 
fat-decomposing, milk-curdling, and coagulating 
ferments. Amylolytic ferments (sugar-producing or 
diastatic ferments) convert starch into sugar. The 
most important is ptyalin of the saliva; but similar 
ferments are found in the pancreatic and intestinal 
juice, bile, blood, milk, urine, etc. Proteolytic fer- 
ments convert proteins into peptones and albumoses. 
They are found in the stomach (pepsin), in the 
pancreatic juice (trypsin), and elsewhere. A fat- 
decomposing ferment is found in the stomach and in 
the pancreatic juice. Milk-curdling ferment is found 
in the stomach and the intestinal juice. The best 
example of a coagulating ferment is the fibrin-ferment. 
The organized or living ferments are the yeasts and 
bacteria. See also fermentation, f., animal, one 
secreted by the animal organism, f., chemical. 
See enzyme, f.s, coagulating, the milk-curdling 
ferment and fibrin-forming ferment (thrombin). 
f., digestive, an enzyme, either of animal or 
vegetable production, which acts upon a certain 
kind of food. The digestive ferments embrace 
the amylolytic, proteolytic, invertive, emulsive, and 
the milk-curdling ferments, f., fibrin-. See fibrin- 
ferment, f., glycolytic. 1. One existing in the liver, 
which changes starch- into sugar; also any ferment 
capable of decomposing sugar. 2. Lepine's name 
for the internal secretion of the pancreas which 
reaches the general circulation without entering 
the intestinal tract, f.s, hydrolytic. See hydrolytic 
ferments, f., inversiye, f., inverting. See invertin. 
f.s, oxidation, f.s, oxidizing, ferments existing in the 
cells and tissues of the body which act as oxygen- 
carriers and act on hydrogen dioxide and neutral 
oxygen as well; their activity is destroyed by heat. 
Syn., oxidases; oxydases; tissue ferments, f., piaro- 
lytic, one which decomposes fat. f., soluble. See 
enzyme, f., steatolytic, one that splits fat into fatty 
acids and glycerol, as steapsin of the pancreatic juice 
and similar ferments found in seeds of poppy, castor- 
oil beans, Indian hemp, corn, etc. 

fermentable (fur-ment'-a-bl). Capable of being 
fermented. 

fermental (fur-ment'-al). Endowed with capacity 
to produce fermentation. 

fermentation (fer-men-ta' -shun) [ferment]. The 
decomposition of complex molecules under the in- 
fluence of ferments, f., acetic, the fermentation 
whereby weak alcoholic solutions are converted into 
vinegar; caused by Bacillus aceti, etc. f., alcoholic, 
f ., spirituous, the conversion of saccharine substances 
into alcohol; it is due to yeast-germs, f., am- 
moniacal, that giving rise to ammoniacal gas and 
carbon dioxide, which combine to form ammonium 
carbonate. The agent of the ammoniacal fermen- 
tation of urine is Micrococcus urea, f., butyric, the 
conversion of sugars, starches, milk, etc., into butyric 
acid, due to various microorganisms, especially 
Bacillus butyricus. f., caseous, that by which the 
conversion of milk into cheese is effected, f., diasta- 
tic, the conversion of starch into glucose by the 
action of ptyalin, etc. f., lactic, the "souring" of 
milk, caused by Bacillus lacticus. f., propionic, the 
production of propionic acid by Bacillus cavicida, 
which decomposes saccharine solutions, f. test for 
glucose, half fill a test-tube with a solution of dextrose, 
and add a little dried German yeast. Invert the 
tube over mercury and allow it to stand in a warm 
place for 24 hours. The sugar will ferment, carbonic- 



FERMENTEMIA 



359 



FERROUS 



acid gas accumulates in the tube, and the liquid 
gives the tests for alcohol. A control-experiment 
should be made with yeast and water in another 
test-tube, as a small yield of carbonic acid is often 
obtained from impurities in the yeast. See also 
Roberts, f.-tube, a glass tube used in the fermenta- 
tion test for glucose, q. v. f ., viscous, a fermentation 
characterized by the production of a gummysubstance. 

fermentemia (Jer-men-te'-me-ah) [fermentum, leav- 
en; alfia, blood]. The presence of a ferment in the 
blood. 

fermentogen (fer-menl'-o-jen) [fermentum, leaven; 
yewav, to produce]. Any substance (like pepsinogen 
or trypsinogen) that on the reception of the appro- 
priate stimulus is changed into a ferment. 

fern. Any cryptogamous plant of the order 
Filices. See aspidium. i. female. Asplenium filix 
fcemina. f ., male, Dryopteris filix mas. 

ferralbumose (fer-al'-bu-mos) . A meat precipitate 
treated with artificial gastric juice and ferric chloride. 

ferralia (Jer-a'-le-ah) [ferrum, iron]. Medicinal 
preparations of iron. 

ferralum (fer'-al-um) [ferrum, iron; alumen, alum]. 
i. Any chalybeate. 2. A proprietary disinfectant, 
consisting largely of the sulphate of iron and alumi- 
num. 

ferrated (fer'-a-ted). Combined with iron; con- 
taining iron. 

ferratin (fer'-at-in). A chemical compound of iron 
and albumin, introduced as identical with the organic 
iron component of food. It is used in anemia 
and malnutrition. Dose 7§ gr- (0.5 Gm.) 3 times 
daily, f., Schmiedeberg's, a nuclein in combination 
with iron contained in liver. Syn., Zaleski's hepatin. 

ferratogen (fer-at'-o-jen). An iron nuclein obtained 
by cultivating yeast on a medium impregnated with 
iron. It is used in treatment of chlorosis, the 
preparation containing 1 % of metallic iron. Syn., 
ferric nuclein. 

Ferrein's canal (fer-rin') [Antoine Ferrein, French 
anatomist, 1692-1769]. A triangular channel, 
supposed to exist between the free edges of the 
eyelids when they are closed, and to serve for con- 
ducting the tears toward the puncta lacrimalia 
during sleep. F.'s cords, the true vocal cords. F.'s 
foramen. See Fallopian hiatus. F.'s pyramids, 
the medullary rays, pyramidal in shape, having their 
apices at the periphery of the cortex of the kidney 
and their bases in the boundary layer. F.'s tubes, 
the convoluted uriniferous tubules. 

ferri- (fer'-i) [ferrum, iron]. A prefix that indicates 
the ferric, as distinguished from ferrous compounds. 
Containing iron as a quadrivalent element. 

ferri (fer'-i). Genitive of ferrum, iron. 

ferric (fer'-ik). 1. Pertaining to or of the nature 
of iron. 2. Containing iron as a trivalent or quad- 
rivalent element, f. ammonium sulphate (ferri et 
ammonii sulphas, U. S. P.). Dose 75 gf. (0.5 Gm.). 
f. ammonium tartrate (ferri et ammonii tartras, U. 
S. P.), iron and ammonium tartrate. Dose 4 gr. 
(0.25 Gm.). f. chloride (ferri chloridum, U. S. P.), 
iron perchloride. Dose 1 gr. (0.065 Gm.). f. chloride, 
solution of (liquor ferri chloridi, U. S. P.). Dose 
2-10 min. (0.13-0.65 Cc). f. chloride, tincture of 
(tinctura ferri chloridi, U. S. P.). Dose 10-30 min. 
(0.65-2.0 Cc). f. citrate (ferri citras, U. S. P.). 
Dose 3-10 gr. (0.2-0.65 Gm.). f. citrate, soluble 
(ferri et ammonii citras, U. S. P.), ammonioferric 
citrate; iron and ammonium citrate. Dose 2-5 gr. 
(0.12-0.32 Gm.). f. citrate, solution of. Dose 10 
min. (0.65 Cc). f. citrate, wine of (vinum ferri, 
U. S. P.). Dose 1-4 dr. (4-16 Cc). f. hydroxide 
(ferri hydroxidum, U. S. P.), hydrated oxide of iron, 
an antidote to arsenic, f. hydroxide with magnesium 
oxide (ferri hydroxidum cum magnesii oxido, U. S. P.), 
an antidote to arsenic. Dose 3-5 gr. (0.2-0.3 Gm.). 
f. hypophosphite (ferri hypophosphis, U. S. P.). 
Dose 3 gr. (0.2 Gm.). f. nuclein. See ferratogen. 
f. phosphate, soluble (ferri phosphas solubilis, U. S. 
P.). Dose 5-10 gr. (0.32-0.65 Gm.). f. pyro- 
phosphate, soluble (ferri pyrophosphas solubilis, 
U. S. P.). Dose 2-5 gr. (0.23-0.32 Gm.). f. sub- 
sulphate solution of (liquor ferri subsulphalis, U. S. 
P.), Monsel's solution. Dose 3 min. (0.2 Cc). 

ferrichthol (fer-ik'-thol). A form of ichthyol iron 
sulphonate which contains 3.5 % of organically 
combined iron together with 96.5 % of ichthyol 
sulphonic acid. It is odorless and tasteless, and is 
used in the treatment of anemia and chlorosis. Dose 
2 gr. (0.13 Gm.). 



ferricyanide (fer-i-si'-an-id). A compound of 
ferricyanogen, with an element or radical. 

ferricyanogen (fer-i-si-an'-o-jen). A hexad radi- 
cal, (FeCNa)=. 

Ferrier's snuff (fer'-e-er). A snuff used in acute 
rhinitis. Its formula is morphine hydrochloride gr. 
ij, powdered acacia 3 ij, and subnitrate of bismuth, 
3 vj. m 

ferrinol (fer'-in-ol). Iron nucleid, a compound of 
nucleol and iron oxide containing 6 % of iron. 

ferripton (fer-ip'-ton). A proprietary preparation 
said to contain 4 % of iron, 7 % of proteids, and 
89 % of water. It is used in anemia and chlorosis. 

ferripyrin (fer-e-pi'-rin). See ferropyrin. 

ferrisalipyrine (fer-e-sal-e-pi'-ren) . Antipyrine fer- 
rous salicylate, a yellow-brown powder showing a 
green fluorescence. 

ferro- (fer-o-) [ferrum, iron]. A prefix used with 
the names of ferrous compounds. 

ferrocyanic (fer-o-si-an'-ik). Composed of iron 
and cyanogen. 

ferrocyanide (fer-o-si'-an-id). A compound of 
ferrocyanogen, with an element or radical. 

ferrocyanogen (fer-o-si-an'-o-jen). A tetravalent 
radical, Fe(CN) 6 . 

f errocyanuret (fer-o-si-an'-ii-ret) . See ferrocyanide. 

ferroferric (fer-o-fer'-ik). Containing iron in both 
ferric and ferrous combinations. 

ferrohemol (fer-o-hem'-ol). Hemol containing 3 % 
of added iron. Dose 8 gr. (0.5 Gm.). 

f enrol, ferroleum (fer'-ol, fer-o' -le-um) . A pro- 
prietary 50 % emulsion of cod-liver oil containing 
iron phosphate. 

ferromagnesium sulphate (fer-o-mag-ne'-se-um sul'- 
fat), FeS0 4 . MgS04+6H 2 0. A greenish powder, 
used in anemia and chlorosis. Dose 8 gr. (0.5 Gm.). 

ferromagnetic (fer-o-mag-net'-ik). Having iron 
as a constituent and possessing magnetic properties. 

ferrometer (fer-om'-et-er) [ferrum; n'erpov, a 
measure]. An apparatus for estimating quantita- 
tively the iron in the blood. 

ferropyrin (fer-o-pi'-rin), (CnHi2N20)3Fe2Cl6. A 
hemostatic containing antipyrine, 64 %; iron, 12 %; 
chlorine, 24 %. It is styptic, antiseptic, and astrin- 
gent, and is applied externally in gonorrhea and 
nosebleed. It is used internally in anemia, chlorosis, 
neuralgia, in doses of from 8-15 gr. (0.52-1.0 Gm.). 
Application, 1 to 1.5 % solution for gonorrhea; 20 % 
solution for nosebleed. 

f errosin (fer'-o-sin) . A granular or fine red powder 
used as a pigment and said to contain iron oxide, 
70 to 75 %; hme and albumin, 10 to 20 %; water, 
10 to 15 %• 

ferrosodium-citroalbuminate (fer-o-so-de-um-sit- 
ro-al-bu' -min-at) . A hematinic containing 30 % 
of ferric oxide. Dose 23 gr. (1.5 Gm.); children, 
4-8 gr. (0.26-^-0.52 Gm.) in soup or syrup. 

f errosof erric (fer-o-so-fer'-ik) . Containing iron as a 
bivalent and a trivalent radical. 

f errosof errous (fer-o-so-fer'-us). Applied to a salt 
which is compounded of two ferrous salts. 
. ferrosol (fer'-o-sol). A double combination of 
ferric saccharate and saccharate of sodium chloride 
occurring as a clear, black-brown liquid; used in 
chlorosis, anemia, and neurasthenia. Dose 1 tea- 
spoonful (5 Cc.) 3 times daily. 

ferrosomatose (fer-o-so'-mat-os). A combination 
of 2 % of iron with somatose; an odorless, tasteless 
powder, soluble in water. It is used as a tonic in 
chlorosis, anemia, and debility. Dose 75-150 gr. 
(5-10 Gm.) daily; as a laxative, 150 gr. (10 Gm.). 

ferrostyptin (fer-o-stip'-tin). A preparation of 
iron and formaldehyde occurring in cubic crystals or 
crystalline powder, soluble in water, melting at 
120 C. It is used as a noncaustic, antiseptic hemo- 
static in dentistry. Dose 5-8 gr. (0.3-0.5 Gm.). 

ferrous (fer'-us) [ferrum]. Containing iron as a 
bivalent element, f . carbonate, mass of (massa ferri 
carbonatis, U. S. P.), Vallet's mass. Dose 3-5 gr. 
(0.2-0.32 Gm.). f. carbonate, pills of (pilulce ferri 
carbonatis, U. S. P.), Blaud's pills, consist of ferrous 
sulphate, potassium carbonate, sugar, tragacanth, 
althea, glycerol, and water, f. carbonate, sacchar- 
ated (ferri carbonas saccharatus, U. S. P.). Dose 
5-20 gr. (0.32-1.3 Gm.). f. iodide, pills of (pilulce 
ferri iodidi, U. S. P.), Blanchard's pills; each pill 
contains 1 gr. of ferrous iodide, f., iodide, syrup of 
(syrupus ferri iodidi, U. S. P.). Dose 15-30 min. 
(1-2 Cc). f. sulphate (ferri sulphas, U. S. P.). 
Dose 5 gr. (0.32 Gm.). f. sulphate, dried (ferri 



FERROVIN 



360 



FEVER 



sulphas exsiccatus, U. S. P.). Dose 3 gr. (0.2 Gm.). 
f. sulphate, granulated (ferri sulphas granulatus, 
U. S. P.). Dose 3 gr. (0.2 Gm.). 

ferrovin (fer'-o-vin). A readily absorbable iron 
preparation, used in anemia. 

ferrozone (fer'-o-zon) [ferrum, iron; ofeif, to smell]. 
A material consisting in part of iron protosulphate; 
it is used as a precipitant for sewage. 

ferruginated (fer-u'-jin-a-ted). Having the proper- 
ties of iron. 

ferruginous (fer-u'-jin-us) [ferrum]. 1. Chalybeate. 
2. Having the color of iron-rust. 

ferrule (fer'-ul) [ferrum, iron]. A metallic hoop 
placed around a broken tooth; an instrument used 
with an attached lever in aligning irregularly placed 
teeth. 

ferrum (fer'-um) [L.]. Iron, Fe = 55.84. Quantiva- 
lence II, IV. The most familiar and most useful of 
all metals; it is found in many minerals, in nearly all 
soils, in many mineral waters, and also occurs pure, 
especially in the form of meteoric iron. Pure iron 
is rare, nearly all commercial irons containing carbon 
in various proportions. In pharmacy, iron is used 
in the form of fine, bright, non-elastic wire, as reduced 
iron, a metallic iron with a variable amount of iron 
oxide, and in the form of salts. The therapeutic 
properties of iron depend on its power to build up the 
blood, it being a normal constituent of the red cor- 
puscles; hence it is useful in all forms of anemia and 
in the diseases depending upon the latter. Externally 
many of the soluble salts of iron are used as styptic 
and astringent lotions, f . dialysatum, dialyzed iron. 
Dose of the solution 10-20 min. (0.65-1.3 Cc). 
f. reductum (U. S. P.), reduced iron; iron by hydrogen; 
Quevenne's iron. Dose 3-6 gr. (0.2-0.4 Gm.). See 
also under ferric, ferrous, and iron. 

fersan (fer'-san). A proprietary food-product 
made from the red corpuscles of beef-blood. 

fertile (Jer'-til) [fertilis, fruitful]. Prolific; fruitful. 

fertilization (Jer-til-i-za'-shun) [fertile]. The art of 
making fertile; impregnation. 

Ferula (fer'-u-lah) [L.]. A genus of the order 
Umbelliferce. See asafetida and galbanum. 

fervor (fer'-vor) [L., "heat"]. Fever-heat; it is 
defined as being more than calor and less than ardor. 

fessitude {fes'-it-ud) [fessus, weary]. A sensation 
of weariness. 

fester (fes'-ter). 1. Any small or superficial ulcera- 
tion. 2. To suppurate. 

festination (fes-tin-a'-shun) [festinare, to hasten]. 
A gait that increases in rapidity; it is seen in paralysis 
agitans. 

fetal (fe'-tal) [fetus]. Pertaining to the fetus. 
f. markings, furrows and embryonic markings found 
in the adult kidney. 

fetalism (fe'-tal-ism). The presence or persistence 
of certain fetal conditions in the body after birth. 

fetation (fe-ta'-shun) [fetus], 1. The formation of 
a fetus. 2. Pregnancy. 

feticide (Je'-tis-id) [fetus; cadere, to kill]. The 
killing of the fetus in the womb. 

fetid (fe'-tid, or fet'-id) [fetere, to become putrid]. 
Having a foul odor. f. stomatitis. Synonym of 
ulcerative stomatitis. 

fetish, fetich (fe'-tish). Any material object re- 
garded with veneration or awe. 

fetishism, fetichism (fe'-tish-izm) [Fr., fetich]. 
The association of lust with the idea of certain por- 
tions of the female person, or with certain articles of 
female attire. 

fetishist, fetichist (fe'-tish-ist) [Fr., fetich]. An 
individual whose sexual interest is confined exclu- 
sively to parts of the female body, or to certain 
portions of the female attire. 

fetlock (fet'-lok). A tuft of hair growing behind 
the pastern-joint of horses, f. -joint, the joint of a 
horse's leg next to the foot. 

fetlow (fet'-lo). A kind of whitlow or felon, seen 
upon cattle. 

fetography (fe-tog'-raf-e) [fetus; ypa<j>eiv, to write]. 
Skiagraphy of the fetus in utero; embryography. 

fetometry (fe-tom'-et-re) [f»tus; n'erpov, measure]. 
The measurement of the fetus, especially of its 
cranial diameters. 

fetor {fe'-tor, or fet'-or) [L.]. Stench; offensive 
odor. f. narium. Synonym of ozena. 

fettmilch of Gaertner. A preparation obtained 
by putting equal parts of milk and sterile water into 
the drum of a centrifuge, which is then revolved 
4000 times a minute. The fat in the milk collects 



at the center, and may be drawn off with a tube 
inserted. The milk obtained should contain the 
same amount of fat as mother's milk, and by the 
addition of 35 Gm. of lactose to the liter a milk is 
produced which in composition resembles human 
milk very closely. This should be sterilized. 

fetus (fe'-tus) [foetus, offspring]. The unborn 
offspring of viviparous animals in the later stages of 
development, f. amorphous. See anideus. f. in 
fetu (fetus within the fetus), the name applied to 
those interesting inclusions in which the stronger 
fetus in its growth had included within its organism 
the parts of the weaker fetus, f. papyraceus, the 
name given to the malformation resulting in twin- 
pregnancy, when, owing to an inequality in the 
circulation of the embryos, the weaker fetus dies, and 
by continually increasing pressure of the growing 
fetus is flattened more and more against the uterine 
walls, until the mass has a thickness little greater 
than stout parchment. 

fever (fe'-ver) [febris, a fever]. 1. An elevation of 
the body -temperature above the normal. 2. A 
disease the distinctive characteristic of which is 
elevation of temperature, accompanied also by 
quickened pulse and respirations, increased tissue- 
waste, and disordered secretions, f., absorption-, 
a fever often occurring during the first 12 hours 
after parturition, f., African hemoglobinuric. See 
/., blackwater. f., asthenic, one in which there are a 
weak circulation, a clammy skin, and a low state of 
the nervous system, f., bilious remittent. 1. A 
term sometimes used as a synonym of blackwater 
fever. 2. Relapsing fever, f., blackwater, a disease 
of the tropics characterized by sudden onset, fever, 
chills, vomiting, and dyspnea. Syn., bilious hema- 
turic fever; bilious remittent fever; hematuria fever; 
hemoglobinuric fever, f .-blister. See herpes facialis. 
f., brain-, fever associated with inflammation of the 
cerebral meninges; meningitis, f ., breakbone. Syn- 
onym of dengue, f., bubonic typhus, typhus fever 
with inflammation, swelling, and suppuration of the 
inguinal, parotid, axillary, submaxillary, or mammary 
region, f., catarrhal, influenza, f., catheter. See 
/., urethral, f., Cavite, an acute contagious disease 
confined almost exclusively to Cavite naval station 
in the Philippines. It is marked by sudden onset, 
high temperature, severe muscular pain, and ex- 
tremely tender and painful eyeballs, the incubation 
period varying from two days to two weeks, f., 
cerebrospinal, an acute infectious disease charac- 
terized by inflammation of the meninges of the 
brain and cord with involvement of the superficial 
layers of nerve-substance. See cerebrospinal menin- 
gitis under exanthemata, table of. f ., Chagres, a malig- 
nant form of malaria endemic on the isthmus of 
Panama, f., childbed, puerperal fever, f., con- 
tinued, one the course of which is free from remissions 
or intermissions, f., dandy. Synonym of dengue. 
f. dum-dum. Same as kala-azar, q. v. f., enteric. 
See typhoid fever, f ., eruptive, or exanthematous, 
one that is accompanied by an eruption on the skin. 
f., estivoautumnal. See /., remittent, f., famine. 
See relapsing fever, f., fatigue, that following 
excessive muscular exercise, f., fracture, fever due 
to fracture of a bone, f., Gaspard's putrid, fever due 
to putrefaction of the intestinal contents, f ., gastric, 
a term used indefinitely to indicate any febrile 
ailment associated with abdominal symptoms. 
f. glandular, an epidemic fever attacking children, 
marked by swelling of the cervical lymph-glands. 
f., hay-. See hay-fever, f., hectic, a diurnally inter- 
mittent fever with the highest temperature in the 
evening and accompanied by sweats and chills. . It is 
found in tuberculosis and other diseases associated 
with the absorption of septic products, f ., hematuric 
bilious, f., hemoglobinuric. See /., blackwater. 
f., hill-, the pernicious malarial fever of the hill 
regions of India, f., intermittent, one in which the 
symptoms intermit, with intermediate periods of 
freedom from the febrile attacks, f ., littoral, malarial 
fever in coast regions, f., low, fever of an asthenic 
type, f., lung, croupous pneumonia, f., malarial. 
See malarial fever, f., malignant, a severe and fatal 
form of any fever, f., Malta. See /., Mediterranean. 
f., Manila, a special type of pernicious fever occurring 
in the hot months (April and May) in Manila and 
sometimes becoming epidemic, f., Mediterranean, 
a specific febrile disease of the Mediterranean coast, 
characterized by long, irregular pyrexia, frequent 
relapses, rheumatic complications, constipation, with 



FEVERISH 



361 



FIBRINOLYSIS 



no ulceration of Peyer's patches. The incubation 
period is from 6 to 9 days. Temperature may 
rise to 106 F.; in fatal cases to uo° F. It is due to 
Micrococcus melitensis, Bruce, f., melanuric (re- 
mittent), blackwater fever, f., metabolic, a form of 
fever common in children during the summer, due to 
increased metabolism and increased tissue-waste 
clogging the system, owing to inability of the ex- 
cretory organs to dispose of the waste rapidly enough. 
f., milk-, a slight form of puerperal septicemia, 
formerly thought to be due to the formation of milk 
in the mother's breast, f., paratyphoid, a condition 
clinically identical with typhoid fever, but due to a 
bacillus differing from Bacillus typhosus and B. coli 
communis, f. post-typhoid, a fever likely to occur 
directly after an attack of typhoid, f., puerperal. 
See puerperal fever, f., purulent, the pyrexia attend- 
ing suppuration, f., relapsing. See relapsing fever. 
f., remittent, a paroxysmal fever with exacerbations 
and remissions, but not intermissions; usually applied 
specifically to remittent malarial fever, the type 
caused by the estivoautumnal malarial parasite. 
f., rheumatic, febrile symptoms developed in the 
course of acute rheumatism, f., Roman, a malignant 
malarial fever occurring in the Roman Campagna. 
f., scarlet. See scarlatina, f., septic, one due to the 
entrance of septic matter into the system, f ., simple 
continued, a continued, non-contagious fever, varying 
in duration from 1 to 12 days, and usually ending in 
recovery, f ., spirillum. Synonym of relapsing fever. 
f., splenic. Synonym of anthrax, f., spotted. 
1. Synonym of cerebrospinal meningitis. 2. Syn- 
onym of typhus fever. 3. The local name, among 
the eastern foot-hills of the Bitter Root Mountains 
(western U. S.), for an endemic disease characterized 
by initial chill, constipation, fever, rapid pulse, 
enlarged spleen, muscular soreness, severe pain in 
head and back, and an eruption of macular spots, 
varying from bright red to purple or brownish-red 
in color. It is due apparently to a hematozoon to 
which the name Piroplasma hominis has been given. 
f., sthenic, a fever characterized by rapid, full pulse, 
heat and dryness of the skin, high temperature, 
scanty urine, and delirium, f., surgical, the pyrexia 
consequent upon a surgical operation, f., Texas. 
See Texas fever, f., thermic. Synonym of heat- 
stroke, f., tick. 1. Texas fever. 2. Spotted fever 
(2). f., traumatic, that following traumatism, f., 
tropical, yellow fever, f., typhoid. See typhoid 
fever, f., typhotyphus, Pepper's name for mild 
typhus marked by laxity of the bowels, tympanites, 
epistaxis, and bronchial disturbance, the eruption 
occurring on the fourth day and the crisis from the 
tenth to the fourteenth day. f ., typhus. See typhus 
fever, f., urban, a fever enduring about three weeks, 
and similar to mild typhoid except that specific 
symptoms are absent, f., uremic, one due to poison- 
ing from urinary ptomaines; it has been observed 
after operations on the urinary tract and in urinary 
diseases, f., urethral, the febrile disturbance that 
follows the use of the catheter or bougie, f., walking 
typhoid. See under typhoid fever, f., yellow. See 
yellow fever. 

feverish (fe'-ver-ish) [febris, fever]. Somewhat 
affected with fever; febrile. 

fexism (Jeks'-izm) [Austrian]. A form of cretinism 
seen in Styria (Austria) ; its victims are locally called 
fexi. 

F. F. P. S. Abbreviation of Fellow of the Faculty 
of Physicians and Surgeons (of Glasgow). 

fiat, fiant (fi'-at, fi'-ant) [pres. subj., third person, 
sing, and pi., of fieri, to be made]. Let there be 
made. 

fiber, fibre (fi'-ber) [fibra, a thread]. A filamentary 
or thread-like structure, f.s, accelerating, nerve- 
fibers which convey impulses that hasten the rapidity 
and increase the force of the heart-beat, f.s, arci- 
form, f.s, arcuate, bow-shaped fibers on the anterior 
aspect of the oblongata, f.s, association-, white 
nerve-fibers situated just beneath the cortical 
substance and connecting the adjacent cerebral gyri. 
f.s, augmented, f.s, augmentor. See f.s, accelerating. 
f.s, auxiliary. See f.s, secondary, f., axial. 1. The 
axial band of a nerve-fiber. 2. The central spiral 
filament, probably contractile, of the flagellum of the 
spermatozoon, f.-cell, a cell elongated into a fiber, 
f.s, collateral, the delicate lateral branches of the 
nerve-process of a neuron; the paraxons. f.s, 
commissural, fibers joining an area of the cortex of 
one hemisphere to a similar area of the other, f., 



elastic. See tissue, yellow elastic, f . of Gerdy. See 
under Gerdy. f.s, involuntary muscular, straight or 
slightly bent, elongated, spindle-shaped, nucleated 
cells, bearing more or less distinct longitudinal 
striations, which make up involuntary or unstriped 
muscles. Syn., nonstriated fibers; unstriated fibers; 
unstriped fibers. See muscular tissue, f., muscle-. 
See muscle-fiber, t., nerve-. See nerve-fiber, f.s, 
osteogenic. See Sharpey's intercrossing fibers, f.s, 
projection, fibers joining the cerebral cortex to lower 
centers and vice versa, f.s of Remak, the nonmedul- 
lated nerve-fibers, f.s, rivet-, protoplasmic processes 
on the basal surface of the columnar cells of stratified 
squamous epithelium, f.s, secondary, in a fibrous 
structure, those of secondary importance. Syn., 
auxiliary fibers, f.s of Sharpey. See under Sharpey. 
f., smooth muscular, a muscular fiber-cell, f.s, 
spindle-, achromatic fibrils, f., spiral, the coiled 
fiber peculiar to spiral fiber-cells. See under cell, 
spiral fiber-, f ., straight, the coiled fiber in a bipolar 
ganglion-cell. See under cell, spiral fiber-, f.s, 
sustentacular, a supporting connective tissue that 
unites the various layers of the retina, f., sweat-, a 
nervous fibril which on stimulation produces sweating. 
f.s, sympathetic, those of the sympathetic nerve. 
f., t-, a branch given off at right angles to the axis- 
cylinder of a nerve-cell, f.s of Tomes. See Tomes, 
fibers of. 

fibra (fi'-brah) [L. : pi., fibres]. Same as fiber. 

fibralbumin (fi-bral-bu'-min). Globulin. 

fibration (fi-bra'-shun) [fibra, fiber]. Fibrous 
construction; arrangement of fibers. 

fibremia, fibrsemia (fi-bre'-me-ah) [fibra, fiber; 
al/ia, blood]. The presence of fibrin in the blood. 

fibriform (fib'-ri-form) [fiber; forma, shape]. 
Shaped like a fiber. 

fibril (fi'-bril) [fiber]. 1. A small fiber or component 
filament of a fiber. 2. A name applied to minute 
nerve filaments. 3. The subdivision of a muscular 
fiber, f.s, achromatic, fibrils of achromatic, nuclear, 
or cell-substance forming lines which extend from 
pole to pole in a dividing nucleus so as to form a 
spindle- or barrel-shaped figure, f.s, chromatic, 
f.s, nuclear, the thread-like fibrils consisting of the 
chromatin in a cell-nucleus. 

fibrillar (fi'-bril-ar) [fibril]. Pertaining to fibrils. 
f. contractions, spontaneous contractions successively 
taking place in different bundles of muscular fibers; 
they are seen in progressive muscular atrophy and 
other diseases. 

fibrillary (fi'-bril-a-re). Same as fibrillar. 

fibrillation (fi-bril-a' -shun) [fiber]. 1. The forma- 
tion of fibrils. 2. A localized quivering of muscular 
fibers. 

fibrin (fi'-brin) [fiber]. A protein formed in shed 
blood, lymph, in other body-fluids, and in tissues 
when these coagulate. It exists in the shape of 
fibrils, granules, plates, or as a homogeneous material. 
Fibrin forms about 0.2 % of the blood, f.-factors, 
the substances necessary for and concerned in the 
formation of fibrin. They are fibrinogen, fibrin- 
ferment, and certain salts, f.-ferment, a ferment 
obtained from blood-serum after clotting has oc- 
curred. It is one of the fibrin-factors, and is probably 
derived from the leukocytes, f.-globulin, Ham- 
marsten's name for a globulin-like substance which 
coagulates at about +64 C, in blood-serum, and 
in the serum from coagulated fibrinogen solutions. 
f. of Henle. See under Henle. f., vegetable. See 
casein, vegetable. 

fibrination {fi-brin-a' -shun) [fibra, a fiber]. The 
acquirement of an abnormal amount of fibrin. 

fibrinemia, fibrinaemia (fi-brin-e'-me-ah) [fibrin; 
alfia, blood]. Same as fibremia. 

fibrino- (fi-brin-o-) [fibrin]. A prefix meaning 
relating to fibrin. 

fibrinogen (fi-brin'-o-jen) [fibrino-; ytwav, to pro- 
duce]. A protein of the globulin class, obtained 
from blood-plasma and serous transudations. It 
is one of the chief elements in the formation of fibrin. 

fibrinogenic (fi-brin-o-jen'-ik) [fibra, a fiber; yewav, 
to produce]. Of the nature of fibrinogen. 

fibrinogenous (fi-brin-oj'-en-us) [see fibrinogen]. 
Forming or producing fibrin. 

fibrinoglobulin (fi-brin-o-glob'-u-lin). See fibrin- 
globulin. 

fibrinolysis (fi-brin-ol'-is-is) [fibrino-; Xveiv, to 
loose]. The partial dissolution which takes place 
in fibrin if allowed to stand in contact with the 
blood from which it was formed. 



FIBRINOPLASTIC 



362 



FICARIN 



fibrinoplastic (fi-brin-o-plas'-lik) [fibrino-; ir\&<raet.i>, 
to form]. Of the nature of fibrinoplastin. 

fibrinoplastin (fi-brin-o-plas'-tin). See paraglo- 
bulin.^ 

fibrinoscopy (fi-brin-os'-ko-pe) [fibrin; fficoireZv, to 
view]. Examination of fibrin of blood-clot, etc.; 
See inoscopy. 

fibrinosis (fi-brin-o'-sis). A condition marked by 
excess of fibrin in the blood. 

fibrinous (fi'-brin-us) [fibrin]. Of the nature of or 
containing fibrin. 

fibrinuria (fi-brin-u'-re-ah) [fibrin; ovpov, urine]. 
The passage of urine containing fibrin. 

fibro- (fi-bro-) [fiber]. A prefix signifying relation 
to fibers or to fibrous tissue. 

fibroadenoma (fi-bro-ad-en-o'-mah). Adenoma hav- 
ing fibrous tissue. 

fibroareolar (fi-bro-ar-e' -o-lar) [fibro-; areola]. 
Containing fibrous tissue with an areolar arrangement. 

fibroblast (fi'-bro-blast) [fibro-; /3AaoTos, a germ]. 
A cell that forms new fibrous tissue. 

fibroblastic (fi-bro-blas'-tik). i. Pertaining to 
fibroblasts. 2. Fibroplastic. 

fibrobronchitis (fi-bro-brong-ki'-tis) [fibra, fiber; 
bronchitis]. Bronchitis with the expectoration of 
fibrinous casts. 

fibrocalcareous (fi-bro-kal-ka'-re-us). Applied to 
fibrous tumors which have undergone calcareous 
degeneration. 

fibrocarcinoma (fi-bro-kar-sin-o'-mah) [fibro- ; car- 
cinoma: pi., fibrocarcinomata]. A carcinoma with 
fibrous elements. 

fibrocartilage (fi-bro-kar'-til-aj) [fibro-; cartilage]. 
Cartilage with an intermixture of fibrous elements. 

fibrocartilaginous (fi-bro-kar-til-aj'-in-us) [fibro- ; 
cartilago, gristle]. Composed of or containing 
fibrocartilage. 

fibrocellular (fi-bro-sel'-u-lar) [fibro-; cellular]. 
Both fibrous and cellular; fibroareolar. 

fibrochondritis (fi-bro-kon-dri'-tis) [fibro-; xbrfpos, 
cartilage; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of 
fibrocartilage. 

fibroconnective (fi-bro-kon-ek'-tiv). Having a 
fibrous structure and the function of connecting. 

fibrocyst (fi'-bro-sist) [fibro-; Kvans, a cyst]. A 
fibroma that has undergone cystic degeneration. 

fibrocystic (fi-bro-sist'-ik). Fibrous and having 
undergone cystic degeneration. 

fibrocystoid (fi-bro-sist'-oid). Having the structure 
of a fibrocyst. 

fibrocystoma (fi-bro-sist-o'-mah). Fibroma com- 
bined with cystoma. 

fibrocyte (fi'-bro-sit) [fibro-; kvtos, cell]. A fibrous 
tissue cell. 

fibroelastic (fi-bro-e-las'-tik) [fibro-; elastic]. Con- 
sisting partly of fibrous elastic tissue. 

fibroenchondroma (fi-bro-en-kon-dro'-mah) [fibro- ; 
enchondroma; pi., fibroenchondromata]. An enchon- 
droma containing fibrous elements. 

fibrofatty (fi-bro-fat'-e). Consisting of fibrous tissue 
and fat-corpuscles. 

fibrogen (fi'-bro-jen). See fibrinogen. 

fibroglia (fi-bro' -gle-ah) [fibro-; y\la, glue]. The 
supporting structure of connective tissue; it is 
analogous to the neuroglia of the nervous system. 

fibroglioma (fi-bro-gli-o'-mah) [fibro-; glioma], A 
tumor having the elements of a fibroma and a glioma. 

fibroid (fi'-broid) [fiber; eldos, likeness]. Re- 
sembling fibers or composed of fibers; also, a fibroid 
tumor, f. degeneration, transformation of mem- 
branous tissue into fiber-like material, f. heart, a 
chronic form of myocarditis in which there is a 
development of fibrous connective tissue in the 
cardiac muscle, f. induration. See induration, 
fibroid, f. phthisis, chronic phthisis in which there 
is a formation of fibrous tissue, f. tumor, a fibroma. 

fibroidectomy (fi-broid-ek' -to-me) [fibroid; i/crop-h, 
excision]. Excision of a fibroid tumor. 

fibroin (fi'-bro-in) [fibra, fiber], C15H23N3O6. An 
albuminoid; a white, shining substance, the chief 
constituent of the cocoons of insects and spider-web. 

fibrolaminar (fi-bro-lam' -in-ar) . Relating to a 
fibrous layer. 

fibrolipoma (fi-bro-lip-o'-mah) [fibro-; lipoma]. A 
tumor of fibrous and fatty tissue. 

fibrolysin (fi-brol'-is-in) [fibro-; Xwris, solution]. 
Trade name of a solution of thiosinamine sodium 
salicylate; used in the treatment of keloids, or 
excessive new connective tissue formation. 

fibroma (fi-bro' '-mah) [fibro-; bpa, a tumor]. A 



benign tumor composed of fibrous tissue, f., hard, 
one containing few cells, being chiefly composed of 
fibers, f. lipomatodes. Same as xanthoma, f, 
molluscum. Synonym of molluscum fibrosum. f., 
soft, one rich in cells. 

fibromatoid (fi-bro' -mat-oid) [fibroma; elSos, form]. 
Resembling a fibroma. 

fibromatosis (fi-bro-mat-o'-sis). See fibrosis. 

fibromatous (fi-bro' -mat-us) . Relating to a fibroma. 

fibromucous (fi-bro-mu'-kus). Consisting partly of 
mucosa and partly of fibrous tissue. 

fibromuscular (fi-bro-mus'-ku-lar). Made up of 
connective tissue and muscle. 

fibromyitis (fi-bro-mi-i'-tis) [fibra, fiber; pus, 
muscle; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of a 
muscle, leading to its fibrous degeneration. 

fibromyoma (fi-bro-mi-o'-mah) [fibro-; myoma.] 
A tumor composed of fibrous and muscular tissue. 

fibromyomotomy (fi-bro-mi-o-mot'-o-me) [fibromy- 
oma; Tenveiv, to cut]. The surgical removal of a 
fibromyoma. 

fibromyxoma (fi-bro-miks-o'-mah) [fibro-; myxoma]. 
A tumor composed of fibrous and myxomatous 
tissue. 

fibromyxosarcoma (fi-bro-miks-o-sar-ko'-mah). 1. 
A tumor containing sarcomatous and myxoid tissue. 
2. A fasciculated sarcoma which has undergone 
myxoid degeneration. 

fibroneuroma (fi-bro-nu-ro'-mah) [fibro-; neuroma]. 
A tumor composed of fibrous tissue and nerve-fibers. 

fibronuclear, fibronucleated (fi-bro-nu'-kle-ar, -nu'- 
kle-a-ted). Relating to tissue which shows many 
nuclei and fibers. 

fibropericarditis (fi-bro-per-e-kar-di'-tis). Fibrinous 
pericarditis. 

fibroplastic (fi-bro-plas'-tik) [fibro-; ir\aooeiv, to 
form]. Tending to form fibers, f. tumor, small 
spindle-celled sarcoma. 

fibroplastin (fi-bro-plas'-tin). Same as paraglobulin. 

fibropolypus (fi-bro-poV -ip-us) . A fibroid polypus. 

fibropsammoma (fi-bro-sam-o'-mah). A tumor 
consisting of fibromatous and psammomatous ele- 
ments. 

fibropurulent (fi-bro-pu' -roo-lent) . Consisting of pus 
containing flakes of fibrin. 

fibroreticulate (fi-bro-re-tik'-u-lat). Consisting of a 
fibrous network or marked with interlacing fibers. 

fibrosarcoma (fi-bro-sar-ko'-mah) [fibro-; sarcoma]. 
A sarcoma containing fibrous tissue, f ., mucocellular 
(of the ovary), a form marked by a layer of large, 
round, bladdery cells lying between the fibrils of the 
connective tissue. 

fibroserous (fi-bro-se'-rus) [fibro-; serous]. Hav- 
ing the qualities of a fibrous and serous structure. 
f.-s. membranes, thin, transparent, glistening 
structures forming closed sacs, that contain certain 
organs. They are the peritoneum, the two pleura?, 
the pericardium, the tunica vaginalis testis, th£ 
arachnoid, and synovial membranes. 

fibrosis (fi-bro' -sis) [fiber]. The development of 
fibrous tissue, f., arteriocapillary, arteriosclerosis; 
a primary and general fibroid degeneration of the 
arterioles and capillaries developing about middle 
life; the caliber of the vessels becomes diminished 
and they lose their elasticity; there is atrophy of the 
adjacent tissue, especially in the kidneys, together 
with cardiac hypertrophy. 

fibrositis (fi-bro-si'-tis) [fibro-; ins, inflammation]. 
Inflammatory hyperplasia of the white fibrous tissue 
such as occurs in chronic rheumatism. 

fibrotic (fi-brot'-ik). Pertaining to fibrosis. 

fibrous (fi'-brus) [fiber]. Containing fibers; of the 
character of fibrous tissue, f. tissue, the connective 
tissue of the body. 

fibula (fib'-u-lah) [L., "a buckle"]. 1. The slender 
bone at the outer part of the leg, articulating above 
with the tibia and below with the astragalus and 
tibia. Syn., perone. 2. A clasp serving to unite the 
edges of a wound or the opening of a canal. 

fibular (fib'-u-lar) [fibula]. 1. Relating to the 
fibula. 2. Relating to the outer border of the leg. 

fibulation (fib-u-la'-shun). See infibulation. 

fibulen (fib'-u-len) [fibula]. Belonging to the 
fibula in itself. 

fibulocalcaneal (fib-u-lo-kal-ka'-ne-al) [fibula; cal- 
caneum]. Pertaining to or connecting the fibula and 
the calcaneum. 

F. I. C. Abbreviation for Fellow of the Institute 
of Chemistry. 

ficarin (fik'-ar-in) [ficus, a fig]. A neutral principle 



FICARY 



363 



FILOVARICOSIS 



obtained from the common ficary; it is used inter- 
nally and externally for piles. 

ficary (fik'-ar-e) [ficaria: ficus, a fig; a hemorrhoid]. 
The Ranunculus ficaria, pilewort, a common European 
herb; long a popular remedy for piles. 

ficiform (fis'-e-form) [ficus; forma, form]. Fig- 
shaped. 

Ficker's diagnosticum (fick' -erz-di-ag-nos' -tik-um) 
[Philip Martin Ficker, German bacteriologist, 1868- 
]. An emulsion of dead typhoid bacillus culture, 
used in the Widal-Gruber test. 

ficosis (fi-ko'-sis) . See sycosis. 

ficus (fi'-kus) [L., "a fig-tree"]. 1. The fig. The 
ficus of the U. S\ P. is the partially dried fruit of 
F. carica, native of Asia Minor, and cultivated 
throughout Europe and tropical America. It is 
laxative and nutritious, and is a constituent of 
confectio sennae. 2. Old name for a hemorrhoidal 
or condylomatous tumor. 

fidgets (fij'-ets). Uneasiness; restlessness; dys- 
phoria, q. v. 

fidicinales (fi-dis-in-a'-lez) [fidicen, a player on a 
stringed instrument]. The lumbrical muscles of the 
hand. 

field (feld) [ME., feeld]. An open space or area. 
f. of audition, f., auditory, the area surrounding the 
ear, in every portion of which a given sound is audible 
to the ear. f. of fixation. See fixation, field of. 
f.s of innervation, special expansions in which the 
motor nerves to the voluntary muscles terminate. 
f., magnetic, the portion of space about a magnet in 
which its action is felt. f. of a microscope, the area 
that can be seen through a microscope at one time. 
f. of vision, the space in which the patient can see 
when the eye is fixed steadily on the object held in 
the djrect line of vision. 

Fieux's test for antipyrine (Je'-u). Add 2.5 Gm. 
of sodium metaphosphate and 12 drops of sulphuric 
acid to the suspected fluid, filter, and to the clear 
filtrate add a few drops of sodium nitrate. If anti- 
pyrine is present, a clear green color will develop. 

fifth disease, erythema infectiosum. f. nerve. 
See trifacial nerve, f. ventricle. See ventricle, fifth. 

fig. See ficus. f .-wart, a moist condyloma. 

figurate (fig'-u-rat). Having a fixed and definite 
shape; arranged in a definite shape: said of skin 
eruptions. 

figure (fig'-ur) [figura, a form]. The visible form 
of anything; the outline of an organ or part, f., 
achromatic (spindle), f., achromatin, a fusiform figure 
assumed by the achromatic fibrils in a dividing cell. 
f.s, adhesion, Rindfleisch's term for the pattern 
produced in living protoplasm by the adhesion of 
the two interpenetrating substances, the reticular 
framework and the intervening matrix, f ., bistellate. 
See amphiaster. f., chromatic (nuclear), f., chro- 
matin, one of the figures formed by the chromatic 
fibrils of the nucleus during karyokinesis. f., nuclear 
(spindle or division). 1. Flemming's name for any 
one of the forms assumed by the nucleus during 
karyokinesis. 2. Strassburger's name for the spindle 
stage of karyokinesis. 

figwort (fig'-wert). The herb Scrophularia nodosa, 
an alterative, diuretic, and anodyne. It is some- 
times used in the form of an ointment for piles. 
Dose of the fluidextract §-1 dr. (2-4 Cc). 

fila (fi'-lah) [L.]. Plural of filum, q. v. f . lateralia 
pontis, a strand of fibers at the upper border of the 
pons. Also called tenia pontis. 

filaceous (fi-la'-she-us) [filunt, a thread]. Con- 
sisting of threads or thread-like fibers or parts. 

filament (fil'-a-ment) [filum]. A small, thread-like 
structure, f., spermatic, the caudal filament of a 
spermatozoon. 

filamentation (fil-a-men-ta' -shun) [L., filum, a 
thread]. Thread formation. A peculiar reaction 
produced in certain bacteria {Bacillus coli communis, 
Proteus, etc.) when they are brought in contact with 
blood-serum, and consisting in the formation of 
long interlacing threads. The reaction is best 
obtained when the bacteria are suspended in serum 
derived from the same individual from whose body 
the bacteria were obtained (so-called "homologous" 
serum). 

filamentous (fil-a-ment'-us) [filament]. 1. Like a 
thread, or made up of threads or filaments. 2. Cap- 
able of being drawn out into filaments, like mucus. 
3. Containing a stringy substance, as filamentous 
urine. 

filai(fi'-lar) [filum, a thread]. Filamentous. 



Filaria (fil-a'-re-ah) [filum, a thread]. A genus of 
nematode or threadworms, of the family Filar iida. 
F. medinensis, an animal parasite, the female of 
which works its way from the intestinal tract to the 
subcutaneous tissue, where, after developing its 
embryos, it is sooner or later set free by abscess- 
formation and discharge. Syn., Guinea-worm. F. 
sanguinis hominis, the female adult worm was 
discovered by Bancroft of Brisbane; the male by 
Aranjo, and the embryo by Demarquay and Lewis. 
The embryos are about 0.35 mm. long, and inhabit 
the lymph-channels of the lower extremities and the 
scrotum. They lead to dilatation of the lymphatics, 
to hyperplasia of the tissues, to chyluria, hematuria, 
abscesses, etc. They are found in the blood at night. 
Elephantiasis arabum and lymph-scrotum are due 
to the filaria. 

filarial (fi-la'-re-aV). Relating to the genus filaria. 

filariasis (fil-ar-i'-as-is) [filaria]. A diseased state 
due to the presence in the body of Filaria sanguinis 
hominis or allied species. 

Filatow's disease (fe'-lat-off) [Nil Filatow, Russian 
physician, 1847- ]. 1. Acute febrile cervical 
adenitis of children, probably identical with Pfeiffer's 
glandular fever. 2. Fourth disease, q. v. F.'s spots, 
Koplik's spots, q. v. 

file (fil). See raspatory, xyster, f. -cutter's disease, 
a form of pneumonokoniosis. f., dental, a tooth-file; 
an instrument for the removal of a portion of one 
or more teeth, and for the separation of teeth. 

Alices (JU'-is-ez) [pi. of filix, a fern]. Ferns. See 
filix. 

filicic acid (fil-is'-ik). An acid, CuHieOs, extracted 
from Aspidium filix-mas. 

filicin (fil'-is-in) [filix, a fern]. 1. A yellowish 
white, sticky, odorless powder extracted from the 
root of Dryopteris filix mas. 2. Filicic anhydride. 

filicism (fil'-is-izm). Poisoning from overdosage 
of extract of male-fern. 

filiform (fil'-if-orm) [filum, a thread; forma, form]. 
Thread-like. f. bougie. See bougie, filiform, f. 
papillae, the smallest and. most numerous of the 
papilla? of the tongue, occurring over its whole 
surface, f. pulse, a small, thready, almost imper- 
ceptible pulse. 

Filipowicz's sign (fil-ip'-o-vitch) [Casimir Fili- 
powicz, Polish physician]. A yellowish discoloration 
of the prominent portions of the palmar and plantar 
surfaces, seen in typhoid fever. Syn., Palmoplantar 
phenomenon. 

filipuncture (fil-e-punk'-chiir) [filum, a thread; 
punctura, a puncture]. A method of treating aneu- 
rysm by inserting wire threads, hair, or the like to 
promote coagulation. 

filix (fi'-liks) [L.: pi., filices]. _ A general name 
for any fern. f. femina, or feminea, the fern now 
called asplenium filix femina, female fern or spleen- 
wort. See asplenium. f. mas, male fern. See 
aspidium. 

fillet (fil'-et) [Fr., filet, a thread]. 1. A loop for the 
purpose of making traction on the fetus. 2. The 
lemniscus, a band of nerve-fibers connected below 
with the nucleus gracilis and nucleus caudatus of 
the medulla and running upward through the pons 
and crus cerebri to the cerebrum, a portion of the 
fibers (lateral fillet) entering the posterior corpora 
quadrigemina, another (mesal fillet) passing to the 
anterior corpora quadrigemina and the optic thala- 
mus. A part of the mesal fillet is continued into the 
cortex, f. of the corpus callosum. See fascicle, 
fornicate, f., olivary, a fasciculus of nerve-fibers 
inclosing the olivary body of the medulla. 

filling (fil'-ing). The material used in closing 
cavities in carious teeth. 

film. A pellicle or thin skin; an opacity of the 
cornea. 

filmaron (fil'-ma-ron). A proprietary anthel- 
mintic from aspidium. f. oil, ten per cent, solution 
of filmaron in castor oil. 

filmogen (fil' -mo- j en). A protective vehicle for 
applying medicaments in skin diseases, consisting of 
pyroxylin dissolved in acetone with a small quantity 
of castor<)il. 

filopodium (fi-lo-po' -de-um) [filum, thread; 71-01*, 
foot; pi., filopodia]. A slender, thread-like pseudo- 
podium. 

filopressure (fi'-lo-presh'-ur) [filum, a thread 
pressure]. Compression of a vessel by means of a 
wire or a thread. 

filovaricosis (fi-lo^var-ik-o'-sis) [filum, a thread; 



FILTER 



364 



FISTULA 



varix, a dilated vein]. A varicosity of the axis- 
cylinder of a nerve-fiber, or the formation of one. 

filter (fil'-ter) [filtrum]. An apparatus for straining 
water or other liquids to remove any undissolved 
matters, f.-paper, an unglazed paper used for 
filtration, f., Pasteur-Chamberland. See under 
P asteur-Chamberland. 

filth. Foul, offensive matter, f. -disease, any 
disease due to filth, f.-dread. See mysophobia and 
rupophobia. 

filtrate (fil'-lrat) [filter]. The liquid that has passed 
through a filter. 

filtration (fil-tra'-shun) [filter]. The operation of 
straining through a filter. 

filtrum (fil'-trum) [L., "felt"; pi., filtra]. i. Felt. 
2. A filter or strainer, filtra ventriculi, small vertical 
channels on the back of the larynx between Mor- 
gagni's cartilage and the inner edge of the arytenoid 
cartilage. They end between the vocal bands at 
the dorsal end of Morgagni's ventricle. 

filum (fi'-lum) [L.]. Any thread-like or filamen- 
tous structure; in surgery, a thread or wire. f. 
coronarium, a thread-like ridge at the side of the 
auriculo-ventricular opening, f. terminale, a long 
slender thread of pia mater, the termination of the 
spinal cord. 

fimbria (fim'-bre-ah) [L.]. A fringe, f. cornu 
Ammonis, the fimbria hippocampi, f . of Fallopian 
tube, the fringelike process of the outer extremity of 
the oviduct, f. hippocampi, a white band at the 
bottom of the hippocampal fissure, f. ovarica, the 
longest of the fimbriae of the Fallopian tube. 

fimbrial (fim'-bre-al) [fimbria, a thread]. Relating 
to the fimbria or to fimbria?. 

fimbriate (fim'-bre-at) [fimbria]. Fringed with 
slender processes which are larger than filaments; 
said of bacterial cultures. 

fimbriated (fim'-bre-a-ted) [fimbria]. Fringed. 
f. body, the corpus fimbriatum. 

fimbriatum (fim-bre-a'-tum) [fimbria]. The corpus 
fimbriatum. 

fimbriocele (fim'-bre-o r sel) [fimbria, a thread; 
K17X17. hernia]. Hernia enclosing some or all of the 
fimbriae of an oviduct. 

fine (fin). Opposed to coarse, f. adjustment. 
See adjustment. 

finger (fing'-ger) [ME.]. A digit of the hand, 
f., clubbed, a finger the terminal phalanx of which 
is short and broad, with overhanging nail. It is 
seen in cases of pulmonary tuberculosis, congenital 
heart disease, etc. f.-cot, a covering of rubber or 
other material to protect the finger or to prevent 
infection, f., mallet, a deformity marked by undue 
flexion of the last phalanx, f., Morse, an affection 
resulting from operating the Morse telegraph key. 
f .-stall, a rubber cap for a finger. 

Finney's operation (fin'-e) [John Miller Turpin 
Finney, American surgeon, 1863- ]. A method 
of performing of gastroduodenostomy. 

Finsen light (fin'-sen) [Niels Ryberg Finsen, 
Danish physician, 1860-1904]. Light from which 
the heat rays are excluded and only the blue and 
violet rays remain; it is used in phototherapy. 
F.-l. treatment, a method of treatment by exposure 
of the diseased part to the violet and ultraviolet rays 
of the sun or of the electric arc light. 

fir (fur). See abies. f., balsam-. See abies 
balsamea. 

fire (fir). 1. The visible heat of burning bodies. 
2. A popular name for inflammation affecting the 
skin, f.-damp, the gas contained in coal (marsh 
gas), often given off in large quantities, and exploding, 
on ignition, when mixed with atmospheric air. f. 
measles. Synonym of rotheln. f., St. Anthony's. 
"f., wild, erysipelas. 

first cranial nerve, the olfactory nerve, 
first intention. The healing of the lips of a wound 
by immediate union without suppuration. 

Fischer's test-meal. This consists of the bread 
and water of the Ewald breakfast, and in addition a 
quarter of a pound of finely chopped lean beef 
broiled and slightly seasoned. It is to be removed 
from the stomach in three hours. 
fishberry. See cocculus indicus. 
Fisher's brain-murmur. A systolic murmur heard 
over the anterior fontanel or in the temporal region 
in rhachitic infants. F.'s sign, a presystolic murmur 
heard in cases of adherent pericardium without 
"valvular disease. 

fish-skin disease. See ichthyosis. 



Fiske-Bryson's symptom. See Bryson's sign. 

fission (fish'-un) [fissus; findere, to cleave]. Re- 
production by splitting, into two or more equal parts. 

fissipara (fis-ip'-ar-ah) [fissus; findere, to cleave; 
par ere, to produce]. In biology, applied in a general 
way to all organisms that multiply by spontaneous 
self-division. 

fissiparism, fissiparity (fis-ip'-ar-izm, fis-ip-ar'- 
it-e) [findere, to cleave; par ere, to produce]. Propa- 
gation by fission; fissiparous generation. 

fissiparous (fis-ip'-ar-us) [fission; par ere, to pro- 
duce]. Propagating by fission. 

fissura (fish-il'-rah) [L.]. A fissure. 

fissural (fish'-u-ral). Pertaining to a fissure. 

fissuration (fish-ur-a'-shun) [findere, to split]. 
Same as fission. Also applied to the arrangement of 
the fissures of various organs, such as the brain. 

fissure (fish'-ur) [fissura], A groove or cleft. 
A term applied to the clefts or grooves in various 
organs, as the skull, the brain, the liver, the spinal 
cord; also to cracks in the skin or linear ulcers in 
mucous membranes, f. anal, a linear ulcer at the 
mucocutaneous junction of the anus, giving rise to 
intense suffering on defecation, f., auricular, one 
in the petrous bone, f . of Bichat. See under Bichat. 
f. of Broca. See under Broca. f., calcarine, one 
on the mesal aspect of the cerebrum, between the 
lingual lobule and the cuneate lobe, f., calloso- 
marginal, one on the surface of the cerebral hemi- 
sphere, dividing the area between the corpus callosum 
and the margin into nearly equal parts, f., central. 
See Rolando, f. of. f., collateral, one on the mesal 
aspect of the cerebrum, between the subcalcarine 
and subcollateral gyri. It is collocated with the 
collateral eminence, f., dentate, the hippocampal 
fissure, f. of the gall-bladder. See fossa cystica. 
f., hippocampal. See hippocampal. f., interlobular, 
f., longitudinal, the deep fissure that divides the 
cerebrum into two hemispheres, f., occipital, a 
deep fissure situated between the parietal and occipital 
lobes of the brain, f., palpebral, the space between 
the eyelids extending from the outer to the inner 
canthus. f., portal. See /., transverse, f., posterior 
median (of spinal cord), a deep, narrow groove ex- 
tending the whole length of the spinal cord, in the 
middle line posteriorly, f., precentral, a fissure in 
front of the fissure of Rolando and parallel to it. 
f., presylvian, the anterior branch of the fissure of 
Sylvius, f., primary (of His), a fold extending along 
the mesal line of the hemisphere, producing an ex- 
ternal groove and an internal ridge. It begins at the 
olfactory lobe, which it divides into a ventral and a 
dorsal part, and, continuing backward in a curved 
direction, joins the hippocampal sulcus, f. of 
Rolando. See under Rolando, f., semilunar. See 
/., calcarine. f., sphenoidal, a cleft between the great 
and small wings of the sphenoid bone, f., spheno- 
maxillary, one between the lateral margin of the; 
superior maxilla and the orbital plate of the sphenoid 
bone. f. of Sylvius. See under Sylvius, f., trans- 
verse (of liver), a fissure crossing transversely the 
lower surface of the right lobe of the liver. It 
transmits the portal vein, hepatic artery and nerves, 
and hepatic duct, f., umbilical, the anterior portion 
of the longitudinal fissure of the liver. 

fistula (fis'-tii-lah) [L., " a pipe"]. A narrow canal 
or tube left by the incomplete healing of abscesses or 
wounds, and usually transmitting some fluid — either 
pus or the secretions or contents of some organ or 
body cavity, f., abdominal, one in the abdominal 
wall communicating with some of the abdominal 
viscera, f., aerial, a small opening in the neck com- 
municating with the larynx, following imperfect 
closure of incised wounds of the throat. The voice 
is defective in consequence, f., alveolar, one due to 
necrosis of an alveolus, f., anal, a fistula in the 
neighborhood of the anus, which may or may not 
communicate with the bowel, f. ani congenita, an 
anomaly of the anus the derivation of which is attri- 
buted to the remains _of the posterior part of the 
blastopore, f., anoperineal, an anal fistula opening 
on the perineum, f., biliary, an abnormal channel 
of communication with a biliary duct of the gall- 
bladder, f., bimucous, one making a communication 
between two mucous surfaces, f., blind, a fistula 
open at one end only, f., blind, external, one the 
only opening of which is on the exterior of the body. 
f., blind, internal, one which opens only upon an 
internal surface, f., branchial, an opening that ex- 
tends from the surface of the neck to the pharynx; 



FISSURED 



365 



FLEISCHMANN'S BURSA 



it is an unclosed branchial cleft, f., cicatricial, one 
lined with a cicatricial membrane, f., coccygeal. 
See pilonidal fistula, f., complete, one having two 
openings — an internal and an external, f., cysti- 
cocolic, one leading from the gall-bladder to the 
colon, f. Eck's. See under Eck. f., fecal, a fistula 
communicating with the intestine, f. gastric, an 
opening into the stomach, generally artificial, through 
the abdominal wall. It is sometimes used for feeding 
a patient who cannot swallow, f., horseshoe, a 
variety of fistula in ano, the external opening being 
on one side of the anus and the internal opening on 
the other, f., labiform, one characterized by lip- 
like protrusions at the outer margin, f., lacteal. 
See /., mammary, f., mammary, or milk, a fistula 
of the mamma or of its ducts, f., ostial. See /., 
labiform. f., rectovesicovaginal, a double fistula 
giving rise to communication between the rectum, 
the vagina and the urinary bladder, f. sacra, the 
Sylvian aqueduct, f., sacral, a congenital fistula 
occurring in the lumbosacral region, f., vesical, a 
fistula of the urinary bladder, f. vesicovaginal, one 
opening from the bladder into the vagina. 

fissured (fish'-urd) [fissus; findere, to cleave]. 
Cleft; split. 

fist. i. The firmly-closed hand. 2. Same as 
bovista. 

fistular, fistulate (fis'-tii-lar, -lat) [fistula]. Fistu- 
lous; of the form or nature of a fistula. 

fistulatome (fis'-tu-lat-om) [fistula; rkfiveiv, to 
cut]. A cutting-instrument used in the operative 
treatment of fistula. 

fistulization (fis-tu-li-za'-shun). The act or process 
of becoming fistulous. 

fistuloenterostomy (fis'-tu-lo-en-ter-os'-to-me). The 
operation of making a biliary fistula open perma- 
nently into the small intestine. 

fistulous (fis'-tu-lus) [fistula]. Of the nature of or 
affected with a fistula. 

fit [AS., fitt, a struggle]. A term applied to any 
sudden paroxysm of a disease, but especially to an 
epileptic convulsion. 

Fitz's syndrome [Reginald Heber Fitz, American 
physician, 1843-1913]. Intense pain in the epi- 
gastric region, with vomiting and collapse, all of 
sudden onset, and followed by tympanites; diag- 
nostic of acute pancreatitis. 

fixateur (feks-at-er). An amboceptor. 

fixation {fiks-a' -shun) [fixus, fixed]. 1. The act 
of fixing or making firm. 2. The operation of 
rendering fixed, by means of sutures, a displaced or 
floating organ, f. of the complement. See under 
complement, f., field of, in optics, the region bounded 
by the utmost limits of distinct or central vision, and 
which the eye has under its direct control through 
its excursions, without movements of the head. 
f.-forceps, for fixing or holding a part in position 
during a surgical operation. 

fixative (fiks'-a-tiv). 1. Applied to any substance 
used to fix tissues in the structural condition and 
shape found in life or for fastening a microscopic 
section to a slide. 2. See body, immune. 

fixator (fiks-a' -tor) . See amboceptor. 

fixed (fikst) [fixus, .firm]. Firm; immovable. 
f. idea, a morbid belief, opinion, or conception, 
entertained constantly by certain insane patients, 
and more or less permanently dominating the entire 
mind. 

fixi dentes (fiks'-i den'-tez) [L.]. The teeth of the 
second dentition. 

fixing (fiks'-ing). The preparation of tissue for 
microscopic study by means of some agent that 
hardens it and preserves the form and arrangement 
of the cells. 

F. K. Q. C. P. Abbreviation for Fellow of the 
King and Queen's College of Physicians (of Ireland) . 

fl., or fid. Abbreviation of fluid. 

flabby (flab'-e). Lax or flaccid; deficient in firm- 
ness. 

flabellate (flab-eV -at) [flabellum, a fan]. In biology, 
fan-shaped; applied to leaves, antennae, etc. 

flabellum (fla-bel'-um) [L., "fan"]. A group of 
divergent fibers in the corpus striatum. 

flaccid (flak'-sid) [flaccus, flaccid]. Soft; flabby; 
relaxed. 

flag, sweet-. See calamus. 

Flagellata (flaj-el-la'-tah) [flagellum]. A subclass 
of mastigosphora possessing one or more flagella. 
In this class are the trypanosomata and the spiro- 
chetal. 



flagellate (flaj'-el-al) [flagellum]. Furnished with 
slender, whip-like processes. 

flagellation (flaj-el-a'-shun) [flagellare, to whip]. 
1. Flogging. 2. A term used by Ross for the extrusion 
of chromatin granules from leukocytes in response to 
artificial stimulation. 3. Sexual perversion where 
gratification is produced by flogging. 4. Massage by 
strokes or blows. 5. Application of electricity by 
tapping the surface of the body. 

flagelliform (flaj-el'-if-orm) [flagellum, forma, form]. 
Having the form of a flagellum or whip-lash. 

flagellospore (flaj-el'-o-spor). See flagellula. 

flagellula (flaj-el'-u-lah) [dim. of flagellum, a whip]. 
A flagellate spore; a zoospore. 

flagellum (flaj-el'-um) [L., "a whip": pi., flagella]. 
A whip-like, mobile process; the organ of locomotion 
of certain bacteria and infusoria. 

flail (flal). An arm or leg not under muscular 
control, f.-joint, a condition of preternatural 
mobility frequently following resection of a joint. 

Flajani's disease (fla-yan'-e) [Giuseppe Flajani, 
Italian surgeon, 1741-1808]. See goiter, exophthalmic. 

flank (flank) [ME., flank, from L., flaccus, soft]. 
The part of the body between the ribs and the upper 
border of the ilium. 

flap [ME.]. A loose and partly detached portion 
of the skin or other soft tissue, f.-amputation, one 
in which flaps of soft tissues are left to cover over the 
end of the bone, f., anaplastic, a skin-flap aiding in 
the restoration of a neighboring part, f., autoplastic, 
one to replace a part that is destroyed, f. -extraction, 
a method of extracting the crystalline lens so as to 
make a flap of the cornea. 

flash-point. The temperature at which a petro- 
leum oil gives off vapors which, mixing with air, 
cause an explosion or flash of flame, dying out, 
however, at once. 

flat. 1. Lying on one plane. 2. A percussion 
note that is low pitched and without resonance. 
f.-ear. See Morel's ear. f.-foot, depression of the 
plantar arch; it differs from splay-foot or talipes 
valgus in that the sole is not everted, f.-worm. See 
tape-worm. 

Flatau's law (flat'-ow) [Edward Flatau, Russian 
physician, 1863- ]. "Law of the eccentric 
situation of long tracts." The greater the length 
of the fibers of the spinal cord, the nearer to the 
periphery are they situated. 

flatness (flat'-nes). The sound obtained by per- 
cussing over an airless organ or large effusion. 

flatulence (flat' -u-lens) [flatus], A condition 
marked by the presence of gas in the stomach and 
intestinal canal. 

flatulent (flat' -u-lent) [flatus]. Characterized by 
flatulence. 

flatus (fla'-tus) [L.]. 1. Gas, especially gas in the 
gastrointestinal canal. 2. Expired air. 3. Eructation, 
f. vaginalis, expulsion of gas from the vagina. 

flavedo (fla-ve'-do) [L.]. Yellowness or jaundice. 

flavescent (flav-es'-ent) [flavescere, to become 
yellow]. Yellowish. 

flavopurpurin (flav-o-pur' -pu-rin) [flavus, yellow; 
purpura, purple], C14H5O5. A pigment occurring in 
golden-yellow, acicular crystals. 

flavus (flav'-us) [L.]. Yellow. 

flax (flaks). See linum. f. -dresser's phthisis, a 
fibroid pneumonia resulting from the inhalation of 
particles of flax. 

flaxseed (flak'-sed). See linum. 

flay (fla). To skin. 

flea (fle). See pulex. 

fleabane (fle' -ban). See erigeron. 

fleam (film) [4>\efioTbnov, a lancet; from #Ae^, a 
vein; refiveiv, to cut]. A phlebotome. 

Flechsig's column (flek'-sig) [Paul Emil Flechsig, 
German neurologist, 1847- ]. The direct cere- 
bellar tract of the spinal cord. F.'s tract, F.'s oval 
field, the septomarginal tract of the spinal cord. 

fleece of Stilling. See under Stilling. 

Fleischl's reaction for bile-pigments (fli'-shl). 
Add, by means of a pipet, concentrated sulphuric 
acid to urine already treated with a concentrated 
solution of sodium nitrate. The sulphuric acid sinks 
to the bottom of the test-tube and produces color- 
layers, as in Gmelin's test. 

Fleischmann's bursa (flish'-man) [Gottfried Fleisch- 
mann, German anatomist, 1777-1850]. A bursa 
lying in the sublingual space beneath the lingual 
frenum. Its existence is disputed. F's hygroma, 
distention or inflammation of F.'s bursa. 



FLEMING'S MODIFICATION 



366 



FLUID 



Fleming's modification of Wassermann's test. 
A much simplified serum-test for syphilis based upon 
the same principles as the Wassermann reaction. 
F.'s tincture, an alcoholic preparation of aconite 
stronger than the official tincture. Dose 2 min. 
(0.13 Cc.) ; 

flemmgin (flem-in'-jin). A pigment obtained from 
warras, occurring in small needles. 

Flemming's fibrillary mass [Walter Flemming, 
German anatomist, 1843- ]. Spongioplasm. 
F.'s germ-centers. The areas in the adenoid tissue 
of the spleen and lymphatic glands in which leuko- 
cytes are formed. F.'s solution, a mixture used in 
histological study as a fixing agent for tissues. It 
consists of 15 parts of 1 % solution of chromium 
trioxide, 4 parts of a 2 % solution of osmic acid, 1 
part of glacial acetic acid. 

flesh [AS., flaesc]. The soft tissues of the body, 
especially the muscles, f., proud, the soft and 
exuberant granulations of a wound or ulcer, f.- 
quotient, Argutinsky's term for the relationship of 
the carbon to nitrogen in flesh; it is, on an average, 
3.24 : 1. 

fleshy {flesh' -e). Mainly composed of muscular 
tissue. 

Fletcherism (fletsh'-er-izm) [Horace Fletcher, Ameri- 
can dietitian, 1849- ]. The thorough mastication 
of solid food, until all taste of the food is lost. 

flex (fleks) [flectere, to bend]. To bend. 

flexibilitas (fleks-ib-il'-it-as) [L.j. Flexibility. 
f. cerea, a condition of the limbs in catalepsy in 
which they seem as if made of wax. 

flexible (fleks' -e-bl) [flex]. That which may be 
bent, as a flexible catheter, flexible collodion. 

flexile (fiex'-il) [flexilis, pliable]. Easily bent. 

Flexner's bacillus (fleks'-ner) [Simon Flexner, 
American bacteriologist, 1863- ]. A bacillus 
which is said to cause dysentery. F.'s serum, an 
antimeningococcus serum, used in epidemic cerebro- 
spinal meningitis. 

flexion (flek'-shun) [flex]. The act of bending; 
the condition of being bent. 

flexor (fleks' -or) [flex]. A muscle that bends or 
flexes a limb or a part. See under muscle. 

flexuous (fleks' -u-us) [flectere, to bend]. In bi- 
ology, alternately curved in opposite directions. 

flexura (fleks-u'-rah) [L., a bending], A bending 
or curve in an organ. 

flexure (fleks'-ur) [flex]. A bending, f., caudal, 
the bend at the lower portion of the embryo, f., 
cephalic, the arching over of the cephalic end of the 
embryo, f., hepatic (of the colon), an abrupt bend 
in the ascending colon to the right of the gall-bladder 
at the under surface of the liver, f., sigmoid. See 
sigmoid flexure, f ., splenic (of the colon) , an abrupt 
turn beneath the lower end of the spleen, connecting 
the descending with the transverse colon. 

flighty (fli'-te) [Dan., vlugtig, volatile]. Slightly 
delirious. 

Flindt-Koplik's sign. See Koplik's spots. 

rflint-disease. Synonym of chalicosis. 

Flint's arcade [Austin Flint, American physician, 
"1812-1886]. The arteriovenous arch around the 
base of the renal pyramids. F.'s murmur, a second 
systolic murmur heard over the apex in cases of 
marked dilatation of the ventricle from aortic insuf- 
ficiency. 

floating (flo'-ting) [AS., fleotan, to float]. Swim- 
ming; free to move around, f. albumin. See al- 
bumin, circulating, f. kidney, one that is detached 
from its normal position and abnormally movable. 
f. liver, one with abnormal mobility; movable liver. 
f. rib. See rib, floating, f. spleen, one that is 
separate from its attachments, and displaced. 

flocci (flok'-i) [L. Plural of floccus, a tuft], f. 
volitantes. Same as muscce volitantes. 

floccilegium (flok-sil-e'-je-um) [floccus, a. flock of 
wool; legere, to pick outl. Carphology. 

floccillation (flok-sil-a'-shun) [flocillatio]. Same as 
carphology. 

floccose (flok'-os) [floccus, a flock of wool]. 1. Com- 
posed of or bearing tufts of woolly or long and soft 
hairs. 2. A bacterial growth composed of short 
curving filaments. ., 

floccular (flok'-u-lar) [flocculus, a little flock of 
wool]. Pertaining to the flocculus. 

flocculence (flok'-u-lens) [see flocculus]. Flakiness; 
the state of being flocculent. 

fiocculent (flok'-u-lent) [see flocculus]. Flaky, 
downy, or woolly; coalescing in flocky masses. 



flocculus (flok'-u-lus) [dim. of floccus, a flock of 
wool; pi., flocculi]. 1. A prominent lobe of the 
cerebellum situated behind and below the middle 
cerebellar peduncle on each side of the median fissure. 
2. A small flock of wool or something resembling it; 
a tuft, shred, or flake, f., accessory, the para- 
flocculus. ■• 

Floegel's layer (fie' -gel). The layer of granules in 
the transparent lateral disc of a muscle-fibril. 

Flood's ligament (flud) [Valentine Flood, Irish 
surgeon, 1800-1847]. The glenohumeral ligament. 

flooding (flud'-ing) [AS., flod, a flood]. A copious 
bleeding from the uterus. 

floor (flor) [ME.]. The basal limit of any hollow 
organ or open space, f.-cells, those found in the 
floor of Corti's arch. f. of the pelvis, the united 
mass of tissue forming the inferior boundary of the 
pelvis. 

flora (flo'-rah) [Flora, the goddess of flowers]. 
The entire plant-life of any geographical area or 
geological period. 

Florence's crystals (flor'-ens) [Albert Florence, 
French physician, 1851- ]. Brown crystals, in 
the shape of needles or plates obtained by treating 
semen with a strong solution of iodine and potassium 
iodide (Florence's reaction); they are also formed 
in the secretions of the prostate, uterus, vagina, etc. 
F.'s reaction. See above. This is not wholly 
reliable as a test for human spermatic fluid, since 
the crystals can also be found in the spermatic fluid 
of animals. 

flores (flo'-rez) [pi. of flos, a flower]. 1. The 
flowers or blossoms of a plant. 2. A flocculent or 
pulverulent form assumed by certain substances 
after sublimation, as flores sulphuris, flowers of 
sulphur. 

florid (flor'-id)[. floridus, abounding with flowers] 
Bright-red in color; rosy as a florid cheek, or counte- 
nance, f. phthisis. See galloping consumption. 

Florida allspice. See allspice, Carolina. 

flos [L.]. A flower. Singular of flores, q. v. 

floss (flos'). Silk which has not been twisted. 
f.-silk. See silk. 

flour [flos, a flower]. The finer part of the ground 
grain, especially of wheat. 

Flouren's doctrine (flu-renz 1 ) [Marie Jean Pierre 
Flourens, French physiologist, 1794-1867]. A theory 
that the whole of the cerebrum is concerned in every 
psychic process. 

flow (flo) [AS., flowan, to flow]. The free dis- 
charge of a liquid, as the blood; the menses. 

flower (flow'-er). See flores. 

Flower, angle of [Sir William Henry Flower, 
English anatomist, 1831-1899]. In craniometry, 
the naso-malar angle. 

F. L. S. Abbreviation for Fellow of the Linnaean 
Society. 

fluavil (flu'-av-il), C20H32O2. A transparent yel- 
lowish resin found in gutta percha. 

flucticuli (fluk-tik' -u-li) [pi. of flucticulus, a wave- 
let]. Bergmann's name for the fine, wave-like 
markings on the surface of the lateral wall of the 
third ventricle, ventrad of the anterior commissure. 

fluctuation (fluk-tu-a' -shun) [fluctuare, to float or 
roll]. The wave-like motion produced when a 
body containing fluid is tapped between the fingers 
or hands. 

Fluhrer's probe (flu'-rer) [William Francis Fluhrer, 
American physician, 19th century]. An aluminum 
probe used in investigating gunshot wounds of the 
brain. 

fluid (flu' -id) [fluere, to flow]. 1. A substance 
whose molecules move freely upon one another; 
any liquid secretion of the body. 2. Liquid or 
gaseous, f., allantoic, the fluid contents of the 
allantois. f., amniotic, a serous liquor filling the 
cavity of the amnion, f., cerebrospinal, the fluid 
between the arachnoid membrane and the pia mater. 
f., Coley's. See under Coley. f., colostric. See colos- 
trum, f., Darby's prophylactic. See under Darby. 
f.-dram. A liquid measure equalling 56.96 grains 
of distilled water, f . extract. See extractum fluidum. 
f., Haffkine's prophylactic. See under Haffkine. 
f. labyrinthine, the perilymph, f., Lang's fixative. 
See under Lang, f.-ounce. A liquid measure, eight 
fluidrams. f., Scarpa's, the endolymph. f., subar- 
achnoid. See cerebrospinal fluid, f ., van Gehuchten's 
fixative. See under van Gehuchten. f . vein, the name 
given to the eddies produced in a cavity of the heart 
by regurgitating blood coming in contact with the 



FLUID ACETEXTRACT 



367 



FOLIE 



current entering the cavity in the normal direction. 
The oscillation of the particles of blood are attended 
with a blowing sound or murmur. 

fluidacetextract (flu-id-as-et-eks'-trakt). A fluid- 
extract made with acetic acid instead of alcohol. 

fluidextract {flu-id-ek'-strakt). A solution of the 
solid principles of a vegetable drug, of such strength 
that i Gm. of the drug is fully represented by i Cc. 
of the fluidextract. 

fluidounce {flu-id-owns'). A liquid measure; eight 
fluidrams. 

fluidram {flu-id-ram'). A liquid measure equal to 
56.96 grains of distilled water. 

fluinol {flu'-in-ol). A proprietary preparation of 
pine and fir needles with volatile oils; it is used as a 
sedative addition to baths, or for inhalations or 
gargles. 

fluke {fluk) [ME., floke]. Any trematode worm. 
flumen {flu' -men) [L.; pi., flumina]. 1. A flow. 
2. A name given by Duret to the principal cerebral 
fissures. 

fluor {flu-or) [L., a flow]. 1. A liquid state. 
2. The menstrual flow. f. albus, white flow; an old 
name for leukorrhea. f. muliebris. Synonym of 
leukorrhea. 

flucram {flu'-or-am). Ammonium bifluoride; used 
as an application to the gums in pyorrhoea alveo- 
laris. 

fluorescein, fluorescin {flu-or-es'-e-in, flu-or -es' -in), 
C20H12O5 +H2O. An anhydride of resorcinol, pre- 
pared by heating phthalic anhydride with resorcinol 
to 200 C. It has the property of coloring abrasions 
of the cornea greenish, and on this account has been 
used for diagnostic purposes, f. -sodium, a 2 % 
alkaline solution employed in diagnosing corneal 
lesions and in the detection of minute foreign bodies 
in that tissue; it is suggested as a means of deter- 
mining apparent death by injection of 16 gr. (1.03 
Gm.); if circulation remains, the mucosae will be 
stained yellow within a few minutes. Syn., uranni. 
fluorescence {flu-or-es'-ens) [fluor {fluor-spar), 
because first observed in this mineral]. A property 
possessed by certain substances of converting obscure 
actinic rays, such as the ultraviolet, into luminous 
rays. 

fluorescent {flu-or-es'-ent). Having the property 
of fluorescence, f. screen, a screen covered with 
substances which become fluorescent on exposure to 
the roentgen-rays. 

fluoride {flu'-or-ide) [see fluorine]. A compound 
of fluorine and a base. 

fluorine {flu'-or-en) [fluor-spar], F=iq; quanti- 
valence I. An element belonging to the chlorine 
group. The salts formed with the alkaline metals, 
fluoride, have been used in goiter and in rheumatism. 
See elements, table of chemical. 

fiuoroform {flu-or' -o-f or m) [fluorine; forma, form], 
CHF3. A gas, the fluorine analogue of chloroform. 
f. -water {aqua fluoroformii) , a watery solution 
(2.8 %) of flucroform, used in tuberculosis and lupus. 
Dose 1 tablespoonful 4 times daily. Syn., fluoro- 
formol. 

fluoroformol {flu-or-o-form'-ol). See fluoroform- 
water. 

fluorol {flu'-or-ol), NaF. Sodium fluoride, an 
antiseptic. 

fluorometer {flu-or-om' -et-er) [fluorescence; ukrpov, 
a measure]. A device for adjusting the shadow in 
skiagraphy; a localizer in roentgen-tay examination. 
fiuoroscope {flu-or' -os-kop) [fluorescence; a/co-relv, 
to examine]. The instrument for holding the 
fluorescent screen in roentgen-ray examination. 

fluoroscopy {flu-or-os'-ko-pe). The process of 
examining the tissues by means of a fluorescent 
screen. 

fluorphenytol {flu-or-fen' -et-ol) , (CeH4F)2. A cal- 
mative and hypnotic; it is used in whooping-cough. 
fluorrheumin {flu-or-ru'-min). The commercial 
name of fluorphenetol-difluorodiphenyl, prepared as 
an ointment and used in the treatment of rheuma- 
tism. Dose 77 gr. (5 Gm.) externally. 

flush. A temporary redness, as the hectic flush, 
sometimes due to vasomotor paresis. 

flushing {flush' -ing) . 1. A frequent symptom in the 
subjects of cardiac palpitation, and especially in 
Graves' disease. It implies a condition of vasomotor 
irritability with a paresis of the arterioles in certain 
areas. It is often accompanied by local perspiration. 
It is seldom a marked symptom of organic disease. 
2. The process of cleansing by a rapid flow of liquid. 



flux {fluks) [fluxus, flowing]. 1. An excessive flow 
of any of the excretions of the body, especially the 
feces. 2. Dysentery. f., alvine, diarrhea, f., 
bloody, dysentery. 

fluxion {fluk' -shun) [fluxus, a flowing]. A gathering 
of blood or other fluid in one part of the body; 
congestion, or hyperemia. 

fly {fli)- A dipterous insect, f. -agaric. See 
agaricus muscarius. f.-blister, flying blister. See 
blister. 

focal (Jo'-kal) [focus]. Pertaining to or occupying 
a focus, f. depth, the power of a lens to give clear 
images of objects at different distances from it. 
f. disease, f. lesion, one that is limited to a small 
area. f. distance, the distance from the focus to 
a reflecting or refracting surface, or, in the case 
of a lens, to the principal point of the lens. f. epi- 
lepsy, epilepsy, due to a focal lesion of the brain. 
Syn., Jacksonian epilepsy. 

focil {fo'-sil) [focile, a spindle]. Any bone of the 
forearm or leg. f. majus, the ulna. f. majus cruris, 
the tibia, f. minus, the radius, f. minus cruris, 
the fibula. 

focus (Jo'-kus) [L., "a fireplace"; pi., foci]. 1. The 
principal seat of a disease. 2. The point (called 
principal focus or real focus) at which rays of light 
converge that pass through a convex lens or are 
reflected from a concave mirror, f., negative, f., 
virtual, the point at which divergent rays would 
meet if prolonged in a backward direction. 

focusing (Jo'-kus-ing) [focus]. The mutual ar- 
rangement of an object and the optical parts of a 
microscope so that a clear image may be seen. 
f. down, in microscopy, focusing by moving the 
objective down or toward the object, but at the risk 
of damaging it. f. up, focusing by moving the 
objective up or away from the object. 

fosniculum {fen-ik'-u-lum) [L*]. Fennel. The 
fruit of F. vulgare, the properties of which are due 
to a volatile oil. It is a mild stimulant and aromatic 
carminative, foeniculi, aqua (U. S. P.), 2 parts of 
the oil of fennel in 1000 of water. Dose | dr.-i oz. 
(2-32 Cc). foeniculi, oleum (U. S. P.), oil of fennel. 
Dose 2-5 min. (0.13-0.32 Cc). 

Foerster's shifting type (Jers'-ter) [Richard Foerster, 
German ophthalmologist, 1825-1902]. Variations in 
the visual field, the limits of which differ according 
as they are determined by moving the disc from 
the center outward or from without toward the 
center; they are seen in traumatic neuroses. 
foetal {fe'-tal). See fetal. 
f oetor {fe'-tor) . See fetor. 
foetus {fe'-tus). See fetus. 

fogging maneuver. In repression treatment of 
esophoria, the reduction of vision to about §8 by 
combining prisms (varying with the muscular im- 
balance), bases in, with a convex sphere, with which 
combination glasses the patient reads a half-hour at 
night before retiring. 

foil [folium, a leaf]. A thin sheet of metal used 
for filling teeth, f. carrier, f. plugger, a kind of 
tweezers used to convey the foil to the cavity in the 
tooth, f. crimpers, an instrument for folding foil. 

fold {fold) [ME.]. A plication or doubling of 
various parts of the body, f., arytenoepiglottidean. 
See under arytenoepiglottic. f., costocolic, that which 
extends from the diaphragm opposite the tenth and 
eleventh ribs to the splenic flexure of the colon, and 
forms a shelf-like structure above which lies the 
spleen, f., ileocolic, a semilunar fold of the peri- 
toneum which is attached to the anterior layer of 
the mesentery, the anterior aspect of the ascending 
colon, and the cecum as far as the vermiform ap- 
pendix. Syn., Luschka's fold, f., palpebral, that 
formed by the reflection of the conjunctiva from 
the eyelids on to the eye. There are two folds — 
superior and inferior, f., pituitary, the two layers 
of dura inclosing the hypophysis. 

folia (Jo'-le-ah) [pi. of folium, leaf]. Leaves, 
foliaceous (Jo-le-a'-se-us) [folium, a leaf]. Leaf- 
like. 

Folian process [Caecilius Folius, Italian anatomist, 
1615-1660]. The processus gracilis of the malleus, 
folders (Jol'-derz). English usage for pince-nez or 
"eye-glasses." 

folie {fo-le') [Ft.]. Insanity, f. a deux {fo-W- 
ah duh') [Ft.]. See insanity, communicated. f., 
alternate, cyclic insanity, q. v. f. circulaire {fo-le- 
ser-ku-lar') , cyclic insanity, f. de doute. See 
doubt, insanity of. 



FOLIN'S TEST 



368 



FORAMEN 



Folin's test (fo'-lin) [Otto K. O. Folin, American 
chemist, 1867- ]• 1. (Quantitative for urea): 
The urine is boiled with magnesium chloride, and 
the urea is decomposed into carbon dioxide and 
ammonia; the latter is then estimated. 2. (Quanti- 
tative for uric acid): The uric acid is precipitated with 
ammonia, ammonium urate being formed, this latter 
is oxidized with potassium permanganate. 

folium (fo'-le-um) [L., a leaf: pi., folia]. 1. In 
biology, a leaf. 2. Any lamina or leaflet of gray 
matter, forming a part of the arbor vitae of the 
cerebellum, f, cacuminis, a lobule on the upper 
surface of the vermis, f. vermis, the terminal lobule 
in the superior worm of the cerebellum. 

follicle (fol'-ik-l) [folliculus, dim. of follis, a bel- 
lows]. 1. A small lymphatic gland, the tissue of 
which is arranged in the form of a little sac; also a 
small secretory cavity or sac. 2. A simple tubular 
gland, f., dental, the dental sac and its contents, 
the developing tooth, f., Graafian, one of the small 
vesicular bodies in the ovary, each of which contains 
an ovum, f., hair, the depression containing the 
root of the hair, f.s of Lieberkiihn. See Lieber- 
kuhn, crypts of. f., lymph, collection of adenoid 
tissue in mucous membranes, f.s, sebaceous, the 
sebaceous glands of the skin, f.s, solitary, small 
discrete lymph-follicles found in the mucous mem- 
brane of the intestine. 

folliclis (fol'-ik-lis). A skin disease of tuberculous 
subjects characterized by a macular eruption which 
later becomes nodular and then pustular. 

follicular (fol-ik' -u-lar) [follicle}. Pertaining to a 
follicle, f. tumor, a sebaceous cyst. 

folliculitis (fol-ik-u-li'-tis) [follicle; ins, inflamma- 
tion]. Inflammation of a group of follicles. 

folliculitis abscedens infantum, follicular furuncu- 
losis of children, f., agminate, inflammation of a 
set of follicles, f. barbae, inflammation of the hair- 
follicles of the beard; sycosis, f. decalvans, inflam- 
matory disease of the hair follicles resulting in 
patches of baldness. 

folliculoma (fol-ik-u-lo'-mah). A tumor originating 
in a follicle, f. ovarii malignum, a malignant tumor 
of a Graafian vesicle. 

folliculose (fol-ik' -u-los) [follicle]. Full of follicles. 

folliculosis (fol-ik-u-lo'-sis). A disease in which 
there is excessive development of the follicles. 

folliculus (fol-ik' -u-lus) [dim. of follis, bag: pi. 
folliculi]. Follicle, f. oophorus primarius, a follicle 
surrounding the undeveloped ovum in the ovary, 
f. oophorus vesiculosus, a Graafian follicle, f. 
pili, a hair-follicle, f. solitarius, a solitary follicle. 

fomentation (fo-men-ta' -shun) [fomentare, to fo- 
ment]. 1. The application of heat and moisture to 
a part to relieve pain or reduce inflammation. It 
may be made by means of cloths soaked in hot water 
or medicated solution or by a poultice. 2. The 
substance applied to a part to convey heat or mois- 
ture. 

fomes (fo'-mez) [L., "tinder"; pi., fomites]. Any 
substance capable of acting as the medium for 
transmitting contagion. 

fomites (fo'-mi-tez). Plural of fomes. 

fons pulsatilis (Jons pul-sat'-il-is) [L.]. The 
anterior fontanel. 

Fontana's bands (fon-tah'-nah) [Felice Fontana, 
Italian anatomist, 1 730-1 805]. The wavy arrange- 
ment presented by nerve-fibers, which lie alongside 
one another in loose spirals, in places where con- 
siderable mobility is possible. F.'s canals, F.'s 
spaces, the minute spaces occupying the angle of 
the iris and communicating with the aqueous 
chamber and Schlemm's canal. 

fontanel, fontanelle (fon-tan-eV) [Fr., fontanelle, a 
little fountain]. A membranous space between the 
cranial bones in fetal life and infancy, f., anterior, 
that at the point of union of the frontal, sagittal, and 
coronal sutures, f. Casser's, f. of Casserius. See 
f.s, lateral, f., Gerdy's. See under Gerdy. f., great. 
See/., anterior, f.s, lateral, two membranous spaces, 
one in front between the parietal, frontal, and 
temporal bones (the anterior lateral or sphenoid fon- 
tanel), and one behind between the parietal, occipital, 
and temporal bones (the posterior lateral, mastoid, or 
Casser's fontanel). They usually disappear the year 
after birth, f., nasofrontal, an abnormal one at the 
union of the nasal and frontal bones, f., posterior, 
that at the point of junction of the lambdoid and the 
sagittal sutures, f., small. See /., posterior, f., 
supraorbital, in comparative embryology, a cordate 



membranous space between the occipital cartilage 
and the skull. 

fonticulus (fon-tik' -u-lus) [dim. of fons, fountain]. 
1. The depression at the root of the neck, just 
cephalad of the sternum; more fully fonticulus 
gutturis. 2. A small artificial ulcer or issue. 3. Same 
as fontanel, f. major, f. quadrangularis, the anterior 
fontanel, f. minor, f. triangularis, the posterior 
fontanel. 

food [AS., foda]. Anything which, when taken 
into the body, is capable of building up tissue, or, 
by oxidation, of supplying heat. 

foot [ME.]. 1. The terminal extremity of the 
leg. It consists of the tarsus, metatarsus, and 
phalanges, or toes. 2. The base of a microscope. 
3. A measure of length equal to 12 inches, or 30.479 
cm. f.-and-mouth disease, a febrile affection of 
sheep, cows, pigs, and horses, rarely of man, mani- 
festing itself by the appearance of vesicles and bullae 
in the mouth and on the feet. It is probably due to 
a special microorganism. f,-cells, Sertoli's cells. 
f.-clonus. See ankle-clonus, f.-drop, a falling of 
the foot due to a paralysis of the flexors of the ankle. 
f., fungus-. See Madura-foot, f.-pound, the work 
equal to that of raising a pound to the height of one 
foot. f. -reflex. See ankle clonus, f., tabetic. 1. An 
extension of the foot in preataxic tabes observed when 
the patient is lying down. 2. An affection of the 
foot in the beginning of tabes, marked by numbness 
and formication, followed by hypertrophy of the 
head of the astragalus, scaphoid, cuneiform, and 
metatarsal bones. 

footling (foot' -ling). With the foot or feet fore- 
most; as a footling presentation in obstetrics. 

forage (for'-aj) [OF., four age]. Fodder. f.- 
poisoning, the preferred term for the so-called epi- 
zootic cerebrospinal meningitis of horses. It is 
attributed to a fungus upon the ensilage. 

foramen (for-a'-men) [for are, to pierce: pi., fora- 
mina}. A perforation or opening, especially in a 
bone, f., aortic, an opening in the diaphragm trans- 
mitting the aorta, f., apical, the passage at the end 
of the' root of a tooth for the neural supply to the 
dental pulp, f., arachnoid, an opening in the roof 
of the fourth ventricle, f., auditory, external, one 
located in the external meatus of the auditory canal; 
it transmits sound-waves to the tympanic membrane. 
f., auditory, internal, one located in the petrous 
portion of the temporal bone; it transmits the 
auditory and facial nerves, f., Bichat's. See under 
Bichat. f., Botallo's. See under Botallo. f., cecal 
(of frontal bone), a small foramen formed by the 
frontal bone and the crista galli of the ethmoid; it 
transmits a vein occasionally, f., cecal (of medulla 
oblongata), one located in a depression at the termi- 
nation of the anterior median fissure, f., cecal (of 
pharynx), one located in a depression in the mucous 
membrane, in the median line of the posterior wall 
of the pharynx, f., cecal (of tongue), one located 
in the posterior termination of the median raphe of 
tongue; a number of small glands open into it. 
f., condyloid, anterior (sometimes double), that 
anterior to and to the outer side of each occipital 
condyle, passing downward, outward, and forward 
through the basilar process; it transmits the hypo- 
glossal nerve; occasionally a meningeal branch of the 
ascending pharyngeal artery, f., condyloid, pos- 
terior, the fossa behind the occipital condyles; it 
transmits a vein to the lateral sinus, f., cotyloid, a 
notch in the acetabulum converted into a canal by a 
ligament; transmits vessels and nerves, f., dental, 
inferior, the external aperture of the inferior dental 
canal, in the ramus of the inferior maxilla; it trans- 
mits inferior dental vessels and nerves, f., eso- 
phageal, passage through the diaphragm for the 
esophagus, f., ethmoid, anterior, a canal between 
the ethmoid and frontal bones, transmitting the 
nasal branch of the ophthalmic nerve and anterior 
ethmoid vessels, f., frontal, the supraorbital notch 
of the frontal bone when it is converted into a 
canal by a bony process; it transmits the supraorbital 
vessels and nerves, f., Galen's. See under Galen. 
f., incisor, the aperture of the incisor canal in the 
alveolar margin; it transmits nerves and vessels to 
the incisor teeth, f., infraorbital, in the superior 
maxilla, the external aperture of the infraorbital 
canal; it transmits the infraorbital nerve and artery. 
f., interclinoid, common, a canal formed by an 
anomalous process connecting the anterior, middle, 
and posterior clinoid processes of the sphenoid bone. 



FORAMEN 



369 



FORDYCE'S DISEASE 



f., interventriculare, the foramen of Monro, q. v. 
f., intervertebral, anterior, the aperture formed 
by the notches opposite to each other in the lamina? 
of adjacent vertebra?; it is a passage for the spinal 
nerva? and vessels, f., intervertebral, posterior, the 
space between the articular processes of adjacent 
vertebra?, except the first cervical, f., jugular. 
See /., lacerated, posterior, f. jugulare spurium, a 
foramen in the temporal bone of the embryo trans- 
mitting a vein from the lateral sinus to the external 
jugular, f., lacerated, anterior. See /., sphenoidal. 
f., lacerated, middle, an irregular aperture between 
the apex of the petrous portion of the temporal bone 
and the body and great wing of the sphenoid, and 
the basilar process of the occipital bone; it is an 
opening for the carotid artery and the large super- 
ficial petrosal nerve, f., lacerated, posterior, the 
space formed by the jugular notches of the occipital 
and temporal bones, divided into two portions: the 
posterior portion transmits the internal jugular vein; 
the anterior portion, the ninth, tenth, and eleventh 
cranial nerves and the inferior petrosal sinus, f. 
lacerum. Same as /., lacerated, f., Magendie's. 
See under Magendie. f. magnum, a large oval 
aperture, centrally placed in the lower and anterior 
part of the occipital bone; it transmits the spinal 
cord and its membranes; the spinal accessory nerves; 
the vertebral arteries, f., mastoid, a small foramen 
behind the mastoid process. It transmits a small 
artery from the dura; a vein opening into the lateral 
sinus, f., medullary. See /., nutrient, f., mental, 
a foramen in the inferior maxilla, external to the 
incisive fossa, forming a passage for the mental 
nerve and vessels, f. of Monro. See under Monro. 
f., nutrient, the canal conveying the nutrient vessels 
to the medullary cavity of a bone, f., obturator, 
the large ovoid opening between the ischium and 
the pubis, internal and inferior to the acetabulum; 
it is partly closed in by a fibrous membiane; it trans- 
mits the obturator vessels and nerves, f., occipital. 
See /. magnum, f., olfactory, numerous foramina 
in the cribriform plate of the ethmoid, transmitting 
the olfactory nerves, f., omental, lesser or small. 
See Winslow, f. of. f., optic, the canal at the apex 
of the orbit, the anterior termination of the optic 
groove, just beneath the lesser wing of the sphenoid 
bone; it transmits the optic nerve and ophthalmic 
artery, f. ovale (of the heart), a fetal opening 
between the two auricles of the heart, situated at the 
lower posterior portion of the septum, f. ovale (of 
the sphenoid), an ovoid aperture near the posterior, 
margin of the great wing of the sphenoid, trans- 
mitting the inferior maxillary division of the tri- 
geminal nerve; the small meningeal artery; occasion- 
ally, the small petrosal nerve, f., palatine, anterior, 
the orifice of the incisor canal in the anterior part 
of the roof of the mouth, constituting the opening 
for the nasopalatine nerve and a branch of the 
posterior palatine artery, f., palatine, posterior, 
the orifice of the posterior palatine canal upon the 
posterior part of the hard palate; it transmits the 
descending palatine artery, f., parietal, is near the 
posterior superior angle of the parietal bone; incon- 
stant. It conveys an emissary vein of the superior 
longitudinal sinus; occasionally a small branch of the 
occipital artery, f., pterygopalatine, the external 
aperture of the pterygopalatine canal, transmitting 
the pterygopalatine vessels and pharyngeal nerve. 
f., quadrate, a passage in the diaphragm for the 
inferior vena cava. f. rotundum, a round opening 
in the great wing of the sphenoid bone for the su- 
perior division of the fifth nerve, f., sacral, anterior 
(four on each side), on the anterior surface of the 
sacrum, connecting with the sacral canal, and trans- 
mitting the anterior branches of the sacral nerves. 
f., sacra 1 , posterior (Jour on each side), on the posterior 
surface of the sacrum, external to the articular 
processes, and transmitting the posterior branches 
of the sacral nerves, f., sacrosciatic, great, the oval 
space between the lesser sacrosciatic ligament and 
the innominate bone, conveying the pyriformis 
muscle, the gluteal, sciatic, and pudic Vessels and 
nerves, f., sacrosciatic, small, the space included 
between the greater and lesser sacrosciatic ligaments 
and the portion of the innominate bone between the 
spine and tuberosity of the ischium ; it transmits the 
internal obturator muscle, the internal pudic vessels 
and nerves, f.s of Scarpa. See under Scarpa. 
f. of Soemmering. See under Soemmering, f., 
sphenopalatine, the space between the sphenoid and 



orbital processes of the palate bone; it opens into 
the nasal cavity and transmits branches from 
Meckel's ganglion and the nasal branch of the 
internal maxillary artery, f . spinosum, a passage 
in the great wing of the sphenoid bone, near its 
posterior angle, for the middle meningeal artery. 
f.s of Stenson. See under Stenson. f., stylomastoid, 
one between the styloid and mastoid processes of the 
temporal bone; it is the external aperture of the 
Fallopian aqueduct, f., supraorbital, a notch in the 
superior orbital margin at the junction of the middle 
with the inner third, sometimes converted into a 
foramen by a bony process or a ligamentous band; 
it transmits the supraorbital artery, veins, and nerve. 
f.s of Thebesius. See under Thebesius. f ., thyroid, 
i. One in the ala of the thyroid cartilage. 2. See 
/., obturator, f.s, transverse accessory, anomalous 
foramina in the transverse processes of the cervical 
vertebrae transmitting an inconstant accessory 
vertebral artery, f., vertebral, the space included 
between tne body and arch of a vertebra, trans- 
mitting the spinal cord and its appendages, f.s, 
vertebrarterial, foramina in the transverse processes 
of the cervical vertebra? for the vertebral artery 
and vein, f., Weitbrecht's. See under Weitbrecht. 
f. of Winslow. See under Winslow. 

foraminated (jo-ram' -in-a-ted) [foramen]. Con- 
taining foramina. 

foraminiferous (jo-ram-in-if'-er-us). Same as 
foraminated. 

foraminulate, foraminulous, foraminulose (for- 
am-in' -u-ldt , -lus, -Ids). Furnished with very minute 
openings. 

force (fors) [fortis, strong]. That which produces 
or arrests motion, f., absolute muscular, the 
maximum capacity of shortening shown by a muscle 
subjected to maximum stimulus, f., chemical, 
that form of energy which holds atoms together in a 
molecule, f., electromotive, the force producing an 
electric current, f., plastic, the generative force of 
the body. 

forced (forst) [fortis, strong]. Accomplished by an 
exertion of force, f. feeding. 1. Systematic over- 
feeding as a therapeutic measure. 2. Feeding per- 
formed against the will of the patient. 

forceps (for'-seps) [L., "a pair of tongs"]. 1. An 
instrument with two blades and handles used for 
purposes of drawing on or compressing an object. 
2. The curved bundles of fibers passing from the 
corpus callosum to the cerebral hemispheres, f., 
alveolar, forceps used in removing portions of the 
alveolar process, f., anterior, the forceps minor, 
q. v. f., axis-traction, an obstetrical forceps specially 
constructed to enable pulling in the direction of the 
pelvic axis, f., bone, a forceps used for cutting bone. 
f., dental, forceps used for the extraction of teeth. 
f., dressing, forceps used for handling surgical 
dressings, f., duckbill, forceps furnished with duck- 
bill-shaped beaks used for extraction of roots of 
teeth, f., epilating, forceps for pulling out hairs. 
f., fixation, forceps for holding structures in a fixed 
position during an operation, f., hemostatic, a 
forceps for controlling hemorrhage, f., obstetrical, 
forceps used for extracting the fetus, f. major, a 
curved band of fibers passing from the splenium to the 
occipital lobe. f. minor, a curved band of fibers 
passing from the genu of the callosum to the frontal 
lobe, f., posterior, the forceps major, q. v. f., 
rongeur. See rongeur. f., • sequestrum, strong 
forceps with serrated jaws of medium length; used 
for holding or removing the detached portion of bone 
forming a sequestrum. 

Forchheimer's exanthem (for' -shi-mer) [Frederick 
Forchheimer, American physician, 1853- ]. A 
maculopapular rose-red eruption on the soft palate 
and uvula, regarded by Forchheimer as charac- 
teristic of rubeola in the absence of any cutaneous 
eruption. 

forcipal (for'-sip-al). Relating to forceps. 

forcipate, forcipated (for'-sip-at, -a-ted) [forceps]. 
Shaped like a forceps. 

forcipressure (for'-se-presh-ur) [forceps; pressura, 
a pressing]. The catching the end of the divided 
vessel with a pair of spring-forceps, which are left 
on for some time for the purpose of preventing 
hemorrhage. 

Fordyce's disease (for'-dis) [John Addison Fordyce, 
American dermatologist, 1858- ]. A disease 
affecting the mucous membrane of the lips, consisting 



FORE 



370 



FORMULA 



of patches of milium-like bodies, and characterized 
by itching and burning. 

fore {for) [AS.]. In front; coming first. 

forearm (for' -arm). That part of the arm between 
the wrist and the elbow. 

forebrain {for' -bran). The anterior of the en- 
cephalic vesicles into which the primary nervous 
axis of the embryo divides at an early stage: the 
prosencephalon. 

forefinger (for'-fing-er). The index-finger. 

foregilding (for' -gild-ing) . A term designating the 
histological process of treating perfectly fresh nerve 
tissues with salts. Cf. aftergilding. 

foregut (for' -gut). The embryonic tube corre- 
sponding to the pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and 
duodenum. 

forehead (for'-ed). That part of the face above the 
orbits. 

foreign (for' -en). Alien; exotic; not native; irre- 
levant, f. body, a substance in a wound, organ, or 
cavity not normally present. 
• forekidney (for'-kid-ne). The pronephron. 

Forel's ventral tegmental decussation (for'-el) 
[A. For el, Swiss physician]. Crossing of the tract 
from the red nucleus and the rubro-spinal tract to 
the opposite side. 

foremilk (for' -milk). Colostrum. 

forensic (for-en'-sik) [forensis, belonging to the 
forum]. Pertaining to a court of law. In medicine, 
that part of the science connected with judicial 
inquiry. 

foreskin {for' -skin). The prepuce. 

Forest's method of resuscitation. The child is 
placed on its face, and quick, firm pressure is made 
on the back; then it is placed in a pail of hot water, 
and the hands carried upward until the child is 
suspended by its arms, and mouth-to-mouth insuf- 
flation is practised; the arms are then lowered and 
the body doubled forward; these movements are 
repeated at the rate of 40 a minute. 

forewaters (for'-waw-terz). Hydrorrhea gravida- 
rum. 

fork. A name frequently given to the space 
between the thighs. 

form [forma, shape]. The external shape or con- 
figuration of the body, or of a part of a body. 

f ormacoll (for' -mak-ol) . See formaldehydegelatin. 

Formad's kidneys (for'-mad) [Henry F. Formad, 
American physician, 1847-1802]. The elongated 
and enlarged kidneys of chronic alcoholism. 

formagen (for'-maj-en). A proprietary dental 
cement. 

formal (for'-mal). See methylal. 

f ormalbumin (jor-maV -bu-min) . See formaldehyde- 
casein. 

formaldehyde (f or -mal' -de-hid). Formic aldehyde 
(q. v.). f. acetate, CaH 8 04, an antiseptic, f. bi- 
sulphite, H . COH . Na2S 2 05, an antiseptic, f.- 
casein, a condensation-product of casein and form- 
aldehyde; it is an inodorous surgical antiseptic. 
Syn., f ormalbumin. f.-cotoin, used in tuberculous 
diarrhea and in chronic catarrh of the bowels. Dose 
4-8 gr. (0.25-0. s Gm.). Syn., fortoin; methylene- 
dicotoin. f .-gelatin, a combination of 2 % of formal- 
dehyde added to a warm aqueous solution of gelatin; 
the resultant mass is powdered and used as a surgical 
dressing. Syn., f ormacoll ; glutol. f., para-, (CH2CO3, 
obtained from formaldehyde by heat; antiseptic- and 
astringent; used internally in cholera nostras and 
as a surgical dressing. Dose 8-15 gr. (0.52-0.97 
Gm.) several times daily. Syn., polymerized formal- 
dehyde; triformal. f. phenolsulphonic acid, 2(CH2- 
OH).C 6 H 3 .OH; a wound antiseptic, f., solution 
of (liquor for maldehydi, U. S. P.), an aqueous solution 
containing not less than 37 % by weight of absolute 
formaldehyde. It is a powerful antiseptic. By 
means of heat it may be converted into a gas, which 
is widely used for the disinfection of rooms and 
dwellings previously exposed to contagion, f., test 
for, phenylhydrazin has been proposed by Vitali as a 
test for formaldehyde. A mixture of the two giyes 
rise to a milky discoloration; eventually a yellowish 
deposit is precipitated upon the sides of the test- 
tube. In concentrated solutions the turbidity ap- 
pears immediately. In solutions of a strength of 
1 : 100 the reaction occurs after a few seconds; in 
those of 1 : 1000, in 1 minute; in those of 1 : 10,000, 
in 5 minutes; in those of 1 : 100,000, in 2 to 3 hours. 
See also Kentmann. 

formalin (for'-mal-in) [formica, an ant]. A pro- 



prietary substance composed of a 40 % solution of 
formaldehyde. It is used as an antiseptic and as a 
fixing-agent in histological studies. 

formalith (for' -mal-ith) . The proprietary name 
for diatomaceous earth saturated with a solution of 
formaldehyde. 

formalose (for' -mal- os). A 40 % solution of 
formaldehyde. 

formamide (for' -mam-id), CH3NO. One of the 
amides. 

formamint (form'-am-int). Trade name of a 
preparation containing formaldehyde and lactose. 

forman (for' -man). See ether, chlormethylmenthyl-. 

formanganate (for-man'-gan-at). A mixture of 
potassium permanganate and formalin; it is used to 
disinfect rooms. 

formanilide (form-an' -il-id) [formica, an ant; 
aniline], C7H7NO. A substance obtained on digesting 
aniline with formic acid, or by rapidly heating aniline 
with oxalic acid. It consists of colorless prisms, 
readily soluble in water, alcohol, and ether, melting 
at 46 C. 

formate (for' -mat). A salt of formic acid. 

formatio (for-ma'-she-o) [L.]. A formation, f. 
reticularis, the intercrossing of the fibers of the 
anterior columns in the medulla. 

formation (for -ma' -shun) [formatio]. A thing 
formed or the process by which it is formed. 

formative (for'-ma-tiv) [formatio]. Concerned in 
the formation of tissue, f . cells, large, spherical cells 
beneath the hypoblast, f . yolk, the part of the ovum 
forming the embryo. 

formatol (for'-mat-ol). A dusting-powder con- 
taining formaldehyde. 

formes frustes (form froost) [Ft.]. Incomplete or 
atypical forms of a disease. 

formeston (for-mes'-ton). Aluminum acetoformate; 
used as a dusting powder. 

formic, formicic (for'-mik, for-mis'-ik) [formica, 
an ant]. Relating to or derived from ants, or per- 
taining to formic acid. f. acid. See acid, formic. 
f. aldehyde, formaldehyde. 

formicant (for' -mik-ant) [formicare, to crawl like 
an ant]. Creeping, or moving with a small and 
feeble action; applied to the pulse when it is unequal 
and scarcely perceptible. 

formication (for-mik-a'-shun) [see formic]. A 
sensation like that produced by ants or other insects 
crawling upon the skin. 

formicin (for'-mis-in). Formaldehyde acetamide, 
used as an antiseptic and disinfectant. 

formidin (for'-mid-in). Iodide of methylene- 
disalicylic acid; a proprietary antiseptic used as a 
substitute for iodoform in dressing wounds. 

formin (for'-min), C6H12N4. A condensation- 
product of formaldehyde and ammonia; it is a 
uric-acid solvent, diuretic, and vesical antiseptic. 
Dose 15-24 gr. (1.0-1.5 Gm.) in the morning in 
aqueous solution. Syn., hexamethylenetetr amine; uro- 
tropin. f. salicylate. See saliformin. 

formochlor (form'-o-klor). A solution of formal- 
dehyde and calcium chloride. It is used as a dis- 
infectant by spraying or vaporizing. 

formoforin, formoform (form-o-for-in, form'-o-' 
orm). A dusting- powder for perspiring feet; said 
to consist of formaldehyde, 0.13 %; thymol, 0.1 %• 
zinc oxide, 34-44%; and starch, 65.27 %■ If the 
formaldehyde is omitted, it may be used on purulent 



formol (form'-ol). See formalin. 

formomethylal (form-o-meth' -il-al) , C3H8O. An 
ethereal oil obtained from the distillation of a mixture 
of methyl-alcohol, sulphuric acid, and manganese 
peroxide. It is anesthetic. 

formonitril (form-o-ni'-tril). Hydrocyanic acid. 

formopyrine (form-o-pi'-rin). , A combination of 
antipvrine with formaldehyde. 

formose (form'-os). A sweetish syrup obtained 
by Loew on the condensation of formic aldehyde in 
the presence of bases. It consists of a mixture of a 
nonfermentable sugar (formose) and a fermentable 
sugar, a hexose which is the starting-point of further 
syntheses. 

formosyl (for'-mo-sil). A preparation containing 
formalin, boric acid, phenol, and essential oils. It is 
used as a mouth wash and as a nasal douche. 

formula (form'-u-lah) [dim. of forma, a form]. 
1. A prescribed method. 2. The representation 
of a chemical compound by symbols. 3- A recipe 
or prescription, f., constitutional, one that indicates 



FORMULARY 



371 



FOSSA 



by means of symbols the relation to each other of 
the various elements in a compound. Syn., rational 
formula, f., dental, one showing the number and 
arrangement of teeth. f., empirical, one that 
indicates only the constituents and their proportions 
in a molecule, as HN03, nitric acid. I., glyptic, 
a chemical formula designed to illustrate the arrange- 
ment and connection of the atoms of a molecule. 
f., graphic. See /., structural, f., official, one given 
in an official publication, f., officinal, a pharma- 
ceutical formula which, though not official, is com- 
monly followed by pharmacists, f., rational. See 
/., constitutional, f., structural, one which shows the 
arrangement and relation of the elements among 
themselves as well as the number and kind of ele- 
ments composing the molecule. One in which the 
symbols are united by the bonds of affinity according 
to their quantivalence, as H-O-H. f., vertebral, 
one used to indicate the number and arrangement 
of the vertebra?. 

formulary (form'-u-la-re) [formula], A collection 
of formulae or recipes. F., National, a collection of 
widely used and well-known preparations, omitted 
from the United States Pharmacopeia, but collected 
and published by the American Pharmaceutical 
Association. 

formyl {for' -mil) [formic acid; CXij, matter], i. 
CHO. The radical of formic acid. Syn., formoxyl. 
2. The trivalent radical, CH"". Syn., formylene. 
f.-amide. See formamide. f., bromide, bromoform. 
f. chloride, f. perchloride, chloroform, f. iodide, 
iodoform. f.-phenetidin, C9H11NO2, a substance 
obtained from phenetidin hydrochloride by action 
of formic acid with anhydrous sodium formate; it is 
antiseptic, f. sulphide, sulphoform. f. tribromide, 
bromoform. f. trichloride, chloroform, f. triiodide, 
iodoform. 

Fornet's ring test (for-na') [Julius Fornet, German 
physician]. A precipitation test, of value in typhoid, 
scarlet fever, measles and syphilis. 

fornical (for'-nik-al). Relating to the fornix. 

fornicate (for'-nik-dt) [fornix]. Arched, f. gyrus. 
See convolution, fornicate. 

fornication (for-nik-a' -shun) [fornix, an arch]. 
The illicit sexual intercourse of an unmarried person 
of either sex with another, whether married or not. 

fornicolumn (for'-ne-kol-um) [fornix, an arch; 
columna, a column]. The anterior pillar of the 
fornix, one in each hemicerebrum. It is a bundle of 
fibers ascending from the albicans and thalamus, 
passing just caudad of the precommissure, forming 
the cephalic boundary of the porta, and ending in 
the temporal lobe. 

fornicommissure {for-ne-kom' -is-shur) [fornix, an 
arch; commissura, a commissure]. A lamina of 
greater or less thickness uniting the two hemifornices 
of the brain. It is not a true commissure, nor even 
fibrous in structure. 

fornicrista (for-ne-kris'-tah). See crista. 

fornix (for'-niks) [L., "an arch ]. 1. A trangular 
body of white matter beneath the corpus callosum. 
From the apex, situated anteriorly, the anterior 
pillars arise and descend to form the corpora mamil- 
laria. From the extremities of the base the posterior 
pillars descend into the lateral ventricles. The 
fornix serves as an anteroposterior commissure 
between the optic thalamus and the hippocampus 
major and the uncinate gyrus. 2. An arched body 
or surface; a concavity or culdesac. f., cerebral. 
See fornix (1). f. conjunctivae, the culdesac at the 
point where the bulbar conjunctiva is reflected upon 
the lid. f. vaginae, the vault of the vagina, the 
upper part of the vagina, forming when the passage 
is distended a V-like structure surrounding the cervix 
uteri. 

fortification-spectra (for-tif-ik-a-shun-spek'-lrah) . 
Scotoma scintillans. See teichopsia. 

fortoin (for'-to-in). See formaldehyde-cotoin. 

fossa (fos'-ah) [L., "a ditch": pi., fossa]. A de- 
pression or pit. f., acetabular, a depression in the 
center of the acetabulum, f., amygdaloid. See 
amygdaloid^ fossa, f., anconeal. See /., olecranoid. 
f., antecubital, the depression in front of the elbow. 
f., Broesike's. See Broesike's fossa, f. caecalis, a 
fold of peritoneum forming a pouch upon the surface 
of the right iliopsoas muscle, and extending to the 
apex of the cecum, f., canine, a depression on the 
external surface of the superior maxilla, above and 
to the outer side of the socket of the canine tooth. 
f. capitelli, one for the head of the malleus, f.s, 



cerebellar, two shallow, concave recesses on the 
lower part of the inner surface of the occipital plate 
for the reception of the hemispheres of the cere- 
bellum. Syn., inferior occipital fossa, f.s, cerebral, 
two shallow, concave recesses on the upper part of 
the internal surface of the occipital plate for the 
reception of the hemispheres of the cerebrum. Syn., 
superior occipital fossce. f., Claudius'. See Claudius' 
fossa, f., coronoid, a depression in the humerus into 
which the apex of the coronoid process of the ulna 
fits in extreme flexion of the forearm, f.s, costal, 
the facets on the bodies of the vertebrae where 
articulation occurs with the heads of the ribs, f.s, 
costotransverse, depressions (usually three) on each 
side, upon the dorsal aspect of the three upper seg- 
ments of the sacrum, f., cranial, any of the three 
depressions in the base of the skull for the reception 
of the lobes of the brain. See f.s, mesocranial; 
f.s, poster anial ; f.s, precranial. f. cystica, f. cystidis 
felleae, a depression on the lower surface of the right 
lobe of the liver, which holds the gall-bladder. 
f ., digastric, a deep groove on the inner aspect of the 
mastoid process, f., digital, a depression at the base 
of the inner surface of the great trochanter of the 
femur, f., epigastric. See infrasternal depression. 
f., floccular, the /. subarcuata in the child in whom 
it is larger, f., glenoid, the fossa in the temporal 
bone that receives the condyle of the lower jaw. 
f ., Hartmann's. See Hartmann's fossa, f . helicis, a 
furrow between the helix and antihelix. f. hemiel- 
liptica. See fovea hemielliptica. f. hemisphaerica. 
See fovea hemisphcerica. f., hyaloid, a depression 
in the anterior surface of the vitreous body for the 
crystalline lens. f. hypophyseos. See /., pituitary. 
f. ileocaecalis anterior, an inconstant pouch of the 
peritoneum upon the upper border of the ileocecal 
valve; open above and on the left side. Syn., fossa 
ileoccecalis superior, f. ileocaecalis infima. See 
Hartmann's fossa, f., ileocolic. See Luschka's fossa. 
f., iliac, external, the outer surface of the ilium. 
f., iliac, internal, the smooth internal surface of the 
ilium, f. iliopectinea, Scarpa's triangle, f., infra- 
clavicular. See Mohrenheim's fossa, f., infraspin- 
ous, the recess on the posterior surface of the scapula 
occupied by the infraspinous muscle, f ., infrasternal. 
See infrasternal depression, f. innominata, a shallow 
depression between the false vocal band and the 
arytenoepiglottic fold. f. interpeduncularis, a deep 
groove in the anterior surface of the mid-brain. 
f., intersigmoid, a depression on the lower surface 
of the mesosigmoid. f. ischiorectal, the depression 
on either side of the anus, bounded on the outer side 
by the tuberosity of the ischium, f., lacrimal, the 
depression in the orbital plate of the frontal bone for 
the reception of the lacrimal gland, f., Landzert's. 
See Landzert's fossa, f., Luschka's. See Luschka's 
fossa, f. mandibularis, the glenoid fossa, f., 
mastoid, the groove extending along the inner 
surface of the mastoid portion of the temporal bone, 
and forming part of the lateral sinus, f.s, mental, 
fossae mentalis, shallow depressions, on each side 
of the mental protuberance of the mandible, f.s, 
mesocranial, f.s, middle, of the skull, one of the 
three pairs (right and left) of fossae into which the 
interior base of the cranium is divided; they are 
deeply concave on a much lower level than the pre- 
cranial fossae, and lodge the sphenotemporal lobes 
of the cerebrum. Cf. f.s, poster anial; f.s, precranial. 
f., Mohrenheim's. See Mohrenheim's fossa. f. 
navicularis. 1. The dilated portion of the urethra 
in the glans penis. 2. In the vulva, the depression 
between the posterior commissure and the fourchet. 
3. See/., scaphoid (1 and 2). f. navicularis auriculae, 
fossa of the helix, f. navicularis laryngei, one in 
the mucous membrane of the larynx, f., olecranoid, 
one at the dorsal side of the distal end of the humerus, 
for the reception of the olecranon, f . ovalis, an oval 
depression in the right auricle of the heart, f., 
ovarian. See Claudius' fossa, f., paracecal, f. para- 
caecalis, an infrequent peritoneal pouch behind and 
to one side of the cecum, f., paraduodenal. See 
Landzert's fossa, f., parajejunal. See Broesike's 
fossa, f. pararectalis, a depression in the peritoneum 
on the side of the rectum, f. paravesicalis, one on 
either side of the bladder, f., patellar. See/., hyaloid. 
f. phrenicohepatica, a pouch of the peritoneum 
between the left lateral ligament of the liver and the 
extremity of the left lobe, f., pituitary, a depression 
in the sphenoid bone lodging the pituitary body, 
f.s, postcranial, the lowest in position of the thre^ 



FOSSET 



372 



FRACTURA 



pairs (right and left) of the cranial fossae; they 
lodge the cerebellum, pons, and oblongata. Each 
fossa is formed by the posterior surface of the pyra- 
mid and inner surface of the mastoid portion of the 
temporal bone and the inner surface of the occipital 
bone below the horizontal limb of the occipital cross. 
f.s, precranial, the most elevated in position of the 
three pairs (right and left) of fossa? into which the 
internal base of the skull is divided. They lodge 
the frontal lobes of the brain and are formed by the 
orbital plates of the frontal bones, the cribriform plate 
of the ethmoid bone, and the small wings of the 
sphenoid bone. Cf. f.s, mesocranial; f.s, postcranial. 
f., radial, f. radialis, the depression on the humerus 
above the capitellum which accommodates the head 
of the radius in extreme flexion of the forearm. 
f., rectouterine, Douglas' culdesac. f. rhomboidea, 
the floor of the fourth ventricle of the brain, f., 
Rosenmuller's. See Rosenmilller' s fossa, f., scaphoid, 
f. scaphoidea. i. A depression in the base of the 
internal pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone. 2. A 
depression between the helix and antihelix of the 
auricle. Syn., fossa navicularis ; fossa tensoris palati. 
f. subarcuata, f., subarcuate, an orifice situated 
in the newborn on the superior margin of th^e petrosa, 
through which the vessels pass to the temporal bone. 
This opening disappears after birth and is repre- 
sented in the adult by a depression beneath the 
arcuate eminence, f. subauricularis, the depression 
just below the external ear. f., subclavicular. See 
Mohrenheim's fossa, f., subinguinal. See Scarpa's 
triangle, f., sublingual, a depression on the internal 
surface of the inferior maxillary bone for containing 
the sublingual gland, f., submaxillary, the oblong 
depression on the internal surface of the inferior 
maxillary bone, containing the submaxillary gland. 
f., suborbital. See /., canine, f., subsigmoid, also 
called intersigmoid fossa, a pouch of peritoneum 
between the descending mesocolon and the mesosig- 
moid. f., sulciform, a shallow furrow in the inner 
fore part of the cavity of the vestibule of the ear, be- 
hind the fovea hemielliptica and the fovea hemis- 
phserica, and into which the vestibular aqueduct 
opens, f., supraclavicular, f. supraclavicularis major, 
a depression above the clavicle within which lie the 
axillary blood-vessels and nerves as they emerge 
from the chest into the armpit, f. supraclavicularis 
minor, the area between the sternal and clavicular 
origins of the sternomastoid muscle, f ., suprascapu- 
lar, f., supraspinous. See supraspinous fossa, f., 
suprasternal, f. suprasternal, the area between the 
ventral borders of the sternomastoid muscle, the 
interscapular ligament, the lower border of the 
mandible, and lines extended between the angles of 
the jaw and the mastoid process of the temporal 
bones, f., supratonsillar, the embryonic space 
above the tonsil covered by a triangular extension of 
membrane from the anterior pillar; it sometimes 
persists to adult life. Syn., palatal recess, f., 
temporal, the depression which holds the temporal 
muscle, f. tonsillaris. See amygdaloid fossa, f. 
triangularis, the fossa of the antihelix. f., tro- 
chanteric, a hollow at the base of the inner surface 
of the great trochanter of the femur, f., trochlear, 
a hollow in the frontal bone, below the internal 
angular process, furnishing attachment to the 
pulley of the superior oblique muscle, f., urachal, 
the prevesical space, f., zygomatic, a cavity below 
and on the inner side of the zygoma. 

fosset, fossette (fos-ef) [Fr.]. 1. A dimple; a 
small depression. 2. A small deep ulcer of the 
cornea. 

fossilin (fos'-il-in) [fossilis, dug up]. A trade-name 
for a product resembling vaselin. 

fossula (fos'-u-lah) [dim. of fossa, a ditch]. A 
small fossa; any one of the numerous slight de- 
pressions on the surface of the cerebrum. 

Fothergill's disease (foth'-er-gil) [John Fothergill, 
English physician, 17 12-1780]. Neuralgia of the 
trigeminus. F.'s sore throat, the ulcerative angina 
of severe scarlatina (scarlatina anginosa). 

foudroyant (foo-droi-on(t)) [Fr.]. Sudden and 
overwhelming; fulminant; fulgurant. 

foulage (foo-lahzh') [Fr., "fulling, or pressing"]. 
In massage, a form of manipulation of the tissues. 
See fulling. 

Foule's cells (fool). Large cells containing one or 
more nuclei as large as or larger than a red blood- 
corpuscle; they have been supposed to be diagnostic 
of malignant ovarian cysts. 



founder (fown'-der) [fundere, to pour]. Laminitis 
(q. v.) of the horse's fore-feet, with the accompanying 
disorders of related parts, f., chest, founder in a 
horse, marked or accompanied by atrophy of the 
chest-muscles. 

foundling (found' -ling). An abandoned infant. 

fourchette, fourchet (foor-shef) [dim. of fourche, 
a fork]. 1. A fold of mucous membrane just inside 
the posterior commissure of the vulva. 2. A forked 
instrument used in division of the frenum linguae. 

Founder's method of treating syphilis (foor-ne-a') 
[Jean Alfred Fournier, French syphilographer, 1832- 
]. The alternate administration of mercury for 
two months and rest from mercurial medication for a 
month or more, the treatment being kept up for 
several years. 

fourth cranial nerve, the trochlear nerve. f. 
disease. An affection resembling measles and scarlet 
fever, f. venereal disease, gangrenous balanitis. 
f. ventricle, a space between the cerebellum and 
pons and medulla. 

fovea (fo'-ve-ah) [L., "a small pit": pi., fovea], 
A small depression or pit. Applied to many depres- 
sions in the body, but more particularly to the fovea 
centralis retina, a small pit in the macula lutea, 
opposite the visual axis; the spot of most distinct 
vision, f. centralis retinae. See fovea, f. costalis, 
costal depression on vertebra, a demifacet for head of 
rib. f. hemielliptica, a small depression on the inner 
wall of the labyrinth. It is perforated for the pas- 
sage of filaments of the auditory nerve, f. hemis- 
phaerica, a depression in the roof of the labyrinth, f . 
inferior, a depression at the apex of the trigonum 
vagi. f. inguinalis lateralis, the external inguinal 
fossa, f. inguinalis mesialis, the middle inguinal 
fossa, f . oblonga, a shallow depression on the ex- 
ternal surface of the arytenoid cartilages, f. 
pharyngis, an abnormal depression in the median 
line of the pharynx, f. superior, a depression at the 
end of the sulcus limitans on the floor of the fourth 
ventricle, f. supravesicalis, the internal inguinal 
fossa, f. triangularis, a deep depression on the ex- 
ternal surface of the arytenoid cartilages, f. tro- 
chlearis, a hollow in the orbital plate of the frontal 
bone for the trochlea of the superior oblique muscle. 

foveate (fo'-ve-at) [fovea]. Pitted. 

Foveau-Trouve apparatus (fo-vo-tru-va') . A para- 
bolic mirror with an incandescent or arc lamp in 
the focus; the former is joined to a concentrating cone 
which terminates in two quartz plates with a chamber 
between them; cold water circulates through this 
chamber and through the whole apparatus, absorbing 
the heat-rays. The quartz plate is pressed directly 
upon the part to be treated. 

foveola (fo-ve'-o-lah) [dim. of fovea: pi., foveolce]. 
A small fovea or depression, f. coccygea, a small 
depression back of the anus. f. granulans, any one 
of the small pits in the cranial bones produced by the 
Pacchionian bodies, f . radialis, a depression between 
the tendons of the extensors of the thumb when 
those muscles are contracted, f. retroanalis, the 
foveola coccygea. f. triangularis, a triangular de- 
pression between the anterior pillars of the fornix. 

foveolate (fo-ve'-o-lat). Marked with slight 
depressions, dimples, or pits. 

Foville's syndrome (fo-veV) [Achille Louis Foville, 
French neurologist, 1799-1878]. Alternate hemi- 
plegia. F.'s tract, the direct cerebellar tract of the 
spinal cord. 

Fowler's position (fow'-ler) [George Ryerson Fowler, 
American surgeon, 1 848-1906]. Semi-erect position 
obtained by raising the head of the bed 24 to 30 
inches, and by pillows. 

Fowler's solution (fow'-ler) [Thomas Fowler, 
English physician, 1736-1801]. A solution contain- 
ing arsenious acid, potassium bicarbonate, and 
tincture of lavender; liquor potassii arsenitis. 

foxglove (foks'-gluv). See digitalis. 

fractional (frak'-shun-al) [fractio, a breaking]. 
Divided, f. cultivation,' the isolation of micro- 
organisms from one another by diluting the mixture 
containing them to such a degree that a given 
quantity contains but few organisms, f. distillation. 
See distillation, f. sterilization, intermittent steriliza- 
tion. 

fractionation (frak-shun-a'-shun) [fractio, a break- 
ing]. Chemical separation by successive operations. 
fractura (frak-tur'-ah) [L.]. A fracture, f. dentis, 
fracture of a tooth, f. surcularia, green-stick frac- 
ture. 



FRACTURE 



373 



FREMITUS 



fracture (Jrak'-tur) [frangere, to break]. A breaking, 
especially of a bone. For signs and tests of, see Allis, 
Cleemann Hueter, Keen, Morris. See also Aran's 
law, Teevan's law. f.-bed, a bed designed for 
patients having fractures. It usually has a hole in 
the center to transmit the discharges, f.-box, a 
long box, without ends or cover, used in the im- 
mobilization of fractured legs, f., buttonhole-, one 
in which a missile has perforated the bone, f., 
capillary, one consisting of only a fine crack or 
fissure, f., chauffeur's, fracture of the lower end 
of the radius or of the carpus produced by reversal 
of the starting crank while cranking, f., Colles'. 
See Colles' fracture, f., comminuted, one in which 
the bone is splintered, f ., complete, one in which 
the bone is entirely broken through, f., complicated, 
one associated with injury of adjacent parts, f., 
compound, one in which the point of fracture is in 
communication with the external air through a 
wound of the overlying parts, f. by contrecoup, a 
fracture of the skull caused by transmitted violence, 
and occurring at a distance from the point struck, 
usually opposite, f., dentate, one in which the 
ends of the fragments are so toothed and interlocked 
as to prevent displacement, f., depressed, one in 
which the fractured part is depressed below the 
normal level, as in fracture of the skull, f., double, 
the existence of two fractures in the same bone. 
f. fever, fever due to fracture of a bone, f., formed, 
a fracture suggesting the instrument which caused it. 
f ., greenstick, one side of the bone is broken, the other 
bent, f., helicoid, a spiral fracture from twisting 
of the long bones. Syn., spiral fracture, f., im- 
pacted, one in which one fragment is driven into the 
other so as to be held fast, f ., interperiosteal. Same 
as /., greenstick. f., Pott's. See Pott's fracture. 
f., simple, one in which the overlying integument is 
intact, f., Smith's. See Smith's fracture, f., spiral. 
See /., helicoid. f., spontaneous, one due to a slight 
force, as then there is disease of the bone, f ., starred, 
f., stellate, one in which there are fissures radiating 
from one point, f., trophic, one caused by trophic 
disturbance, f., ununited, one in which bony union 
has failed to occur, f ., willow-, a greenstick fracture 




A B C D E 

A. Oblique fracture of femur; B. Greenstick frac- 
ture of radius; C. Spiral fracture of tibia; D. Trans- 
verse impacted fracture of surgical neck of humerus; 
E. T fracture of lower end of humerus. 

Fraenkel's diplococcus (Jreng'-kel). The pneumo- 
coccus. F.'s glands, minute glands opening im- 
mediately below the edge of the vocal cords. F.'s 
leukemia, acute leukemia with large mononuclear 
lymphocytes. F.'s sign, diminished tone (hypotonic) 
of the muscles of the lower extremities in tabes 
dorsalis. 

frenulum (fre'-nu-lum). See frenulum. 

fraenum (fre'-num). See frenum. 

fragiform (fraj'-e-form) [fraga, strawberries; forma, 
form]. Strawberry-shaped. 

fragilitas (Jraj-il'-it-as) [L.]. Brittleness. f. 
crinium, an atrophic condition of the hair in which 
the individual hairs split into numerous fibrils. 
f. ossium, abnormal brittleness of the bones. 

frambesia, frambcesia (fram-be'-ze-ah) [framboise, 
raspberry]. A tropical contagious disease supposed 



to be caused by the Spirochceta pallidula, and charact- 
erized by dirty or bright-red, raspberry -like tubercles, 
appearing usually on the face, toes,, and genital 
organs. It is most frequent in young negroes. Syn., 
pian; yaws. 

frangible (fran'-jib-l) [frangere, to break]. Liable 
to fracture; breakable. 

frangula (fran'-gu-lah) [L.]. The bark of Rhamnus 
frangula, or alder-buckthorn. The young bark is 
very irritant; bark at least a year old is laxative, 
resembling rhubarb in action, f., fluidextract of 
{fluidextr actum frangula, U. S. P.). Dose 10-20 
min. (0.65-1.3 Cc). 

frangulin (fran'-gu-lin), C20H20O10. A purgative 
glucoside from frangula. Dose I5-3 gr. (0.097-0.19 
Gm.). 

Frankenhasuser's ganglion (Jrang'-ken-hoy-zer) 

[Ferdinand Frankenhceuser, German gynecologist, 

-1894]- The ganglion cervicale, a cluster of 

small ganglia at the side of the neck of the uterus. 

frankincense {frangk'-in-sens) [francum incensum, 
pure incense]. An aromatic gum-resin. See oli- 
banum. f., common, a concrete turpentine obtained 
from Pinus palustris and other species of Pinus. 

Franklin plate {frank' -lin) [Benjamin Franklin, 
American physicist, 1706-1790]. A glass plate partly 
covered on both sides with tin-foil, used as a condenser 
in frictional electricity. F. spectacles, spectacles 
with each eyeglass divided horizontally into an upper 
lens, suited for far vision, and a lower, for close work. 

Franklinic electricity. Static or frictional elec- 
tricity. F. reaction of degeneration, a rare form of 
reaction of degeneration produced by static electricity 
and similar to that obtained by the faradic current. 
F. taste, an acid taste perceived on applying the 
positive pole of the electrode of the static machine at 
a minimum distance of 1 or 2 mm. 

Franklinism {frangk'-lin-izm). Same as Franklin- 
ization. 

Franklinization {frangk-lin-i-za'-shun). Treatment 
by static or frictional electricity. 

Frank's operation. Of gastrotomy: consists in 
forming a valve out of a small cone of the stomach- 
wall. The oblique incision is made and a cone of the 
'stomach pulled out and its base sutured to the 
parietal peritoneum. A second incision is then 
made immediately above the rib-margin, the bridge 
of the skin is elevated, and the cone pulled up beneath 
it and the apex sutured into the second wound. 
The tube is inserted and the first skin-wound closed. 

Frasera {fra'-ze-rah) [John Fraser, English botanist, 
1 750-1 81 7]. The root of American calumba; it is a 
mild tonic and simple bitter. Dose in powder 1 dr. 
(4 Gm.). 

fraserin (Jra'-zer-in). A precipitate from a tincture 
of the root of Frasera carolinensis it is atonic, stimu- 
lant, and mildly astringent. Dose 1 to 3 grains. 

Frauenhofer's lines {frown' -hof-er) [Joseph von 
Fraunhofer, German optician, 1787-1826]. Black 
lmes in the solar spectrum. See absorption lines. 

fraxin {fraks'-in) [fraxinus, an ash-tree], C21H22O. 
A glucoside from the bark of certain species of ash 
{Fraxinus excelsior, etc.). It forms fine, white, four- 
sided prisms, of a bitter taste. It has been proposed 
as a remedy for gout, rheumatism, etc. 

Fraxinus. A genus of trees, the ash. F. ameri- 
cana, white ash; the bark is used in dysmenorrhea. 
F. excelsior, European ash; the bark, leaves, and 
wood are medicinal. 

F. R. C. P. Abbreviation of Fellow of the Royal 
College of Physicians. 

F. R. C. S. Abbreviation of Fellow of the Royal 
College of Surgeons. 

freak {frek). A popular name for a deformed 
person. 

freckles {frek'-lz). See lentigo. 

Fredericks sign {fred-er-e'-che). Perception of the 
heart sounds over the whole abdomen in cases of 
perforative peritonitis, with escape of gas into the 
peritoneal cavity. 

freezing {fre'-zing). The process of hardening or 
congealing with cold, f.-microtome, a microtome 
provided with a contrivance for freezing artificially 
the tissue to be cut. f.-mixture, a mixture of salt 
and snow or ice, which absorbs a great deal of heat 
in undergoing solution, f.-point, the temperature 
at which a liquid freezes. 

fremitus {frem'-it-us) [L., "a murmur"]. A 
palpable vibration, as of the chest-walls, f., fric- 
tion-, the vibrations produced by the rubbing to- 



FRENAL 



374 



FRONTAL 



gether of two dry surfaces, and felt by the hand. 
f., hepatic, f., hydatid. See , hydatid fremitus, f., 
rhonchal, vibrations produced by the passage of air 
through a large bronchial tube containing mucus. 
f., tactile, the vibratory sensation conveyed to the 
hand applied to the chest of a person speaking. 
f., tussive, thrill felt by the hand applied to the 
chest of a person coughing, f., vocal, the sounds of 
the voice transmitted to the ear applied to the chest 
of a person speaking. 

f renal (fre'-nal). Relating to a frenum. 

frenator (fre-na'-tor) [frenare, to curb], i. Any- 
thing that inhibits, curbs, or checks. 2. Dupre's 
name for any one of the muscles which move the 
head on the atlas and axis. 

frenetic (fren-et'-ik) [Ft., frenetique]. Relating to 
mental disorder. 

Frenkel's sign (freng'-kel) [H. S. Frenkel, Swiss 
neurologist]. Diminished tone (hypotonia) of the 
muscles of the lower extremities in tabes dorsalis. 

frenosecretory (fre-no-se-kre'-tor-e) [frenum, bridle; 
secretio, a separation]. Exercising a restraining or 
inhibitory power over the secretions. 

frenotomy, fraenotomy (fre-not'-o-me) [frenum; 
tou^, a cutting]. The cutting of any frenum, par- 
ticularly of the frenum linguae for tongue-tie. 

frenulum (fren'-u-lum) [dim. of frenum, a bridle]. 
A small frenum; a slight ridge on the upper part of 
the valve of Vieussens. f. of Giacomini, a narrow 
band between the uncus and the dentate fascia. 
f. pudendi, the fourchet. f. valvulae coli, a narrow 
membranous ridge on either side of the ileocecal 
valve., f. veli, the upper thickened part of the valve 
of Vieussens. 

frenum (fre'-num) [L., "a bridle"]. A fold of 
integument or mucous membrane that checks or 
limits the movements of any organ, f. clitoridis, the 
two folds of mucous membrane coming from the 
nymph a? after having united under the glans of the 
clitoris, f. labii inferioris and superioris, folds of 
mucous membrane in the median line uniting each 
lip to the corresponding gum. f. labiorum pudendi, 
the fourchet. f. linguae, the vertical fold of mucous 
membrane under the tongue, f. praeputii, f. of penis, 
the fold on the lower surface of the glans penis con- 
necting it with the prepuce. 

frenzy (fren'-ze) [<j>pr)v, mind]. Violent mania. 

fret [ME., freten, to eat up]. An abrasion; a 
chafing; herpes. 

fretum (fre'-tum) [L., "a strait"]. 1. A constriction. 
2. A strait; a channel, f. oris, the isthmus of the 
fauces. 

Freud's theory (froyd). [Sigmund Freud, Aus- 
trian neurologist, 1856- ]. Hysteria and other 
neuroses are due to infantile sexual trauma. See 
psychoanalysis. 

Freund's law (froynt) [William Alexander Freund, 
German gynecologist, 1833- ]. In the progress 
of their growth ovarian tumors undergo changes of 
position: (1) While pelvic, they show a tendency to 
grow downward behind the uterus; (2) when they 
have risen out of the pelvis, they tend to fall forward 
toward the abdominal wall. F's operation, abdomin- 
al hysterectory for carcinoma of the uterus. 

Freund's reaction (froynt) [Hermann Wolfgang 
Freund, German gynecologist, 1859- ]. The 
serum from a non-cancerous patient causes lysis of 
cancer cells. 

F. R. F. P. S. Abbreviation for Fellow of the 
Royal Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons. 

friable (fri'-ab-l) [friar e, to break into pieces]. 
Easily broken or crumbled. 

friars' balsam (fri'-arz bawl'-sam). The compound 
tincture of benzoin. 

friction (frik'-shun) [fricare, to rub]. 1. The act 
of rubbing. The process, in medicine, called sham- 
pooing. Also the inunction of a medicinal substance 
by rubbing. 2. In massage, firm circular manipu- 
lations, always followed by centripetal stro kings. 
Friction may be practised with the thumb, with the 
tips of the fingers, or with one hand, f.-fremitus. 
See fremitus, f.-sound, the sound observed in aus- 
cultation, as a result of the rubbing together of 
adjacent parts, as of the pleural folds, the peri- 
cardium, or the peritoneum, when the layers are 
dry or roughened. 

frictional electricity (frik'-shun-al). Static electricity. 

Friedlaender's bacillus (fred'-len-der) [Carl Fried- 
laender, German pathologist, 1847-1887]. Bacillus 
pneumonia. 



Friedlaender's decidual cells. The large con- 
nective-tissue cells of the uterine mucosa that form 
the compact layer of the uterine decidua. F.'s 
disease, obliterative arteritis. 

Friedmann's vasomotor symptom-complex. A 
train of symptoms following injury to the head, con- 
sisting of headache, vertigo, nausea, and intolerance 
of mental and physical exertions and of galvanic 
excitation; it is occasionally associated with ophthal- 
moplegia and mydriasis. These phenomena may 
subside and recur with greater intensity, with fever, 
unconsciousness, and paralysis of the cranial nerves, 
ending in fatal coma. They are probably due to an 
encephalitis of slow development with acute exacer- 
bations. 

Friedreich's ataxia (fred'-rik) [Nicholas Friedreich, 
German physician, 1825-1882], See F.'s disease. 
F.'s change of pitch, at the height of deep inspiration 
the tympanitic sound over pulmonary cavities 
becomes higher in pitch. F.'s disease. 1. Hereditary 
ataxia. 2. Paramyoclonus multiplex. F.'s foot, 
talipes cavus, with hyperextension of the toes, 
observed in hereditary ataxia. F.'s sign, diastolic 
collapse of the jugular veins in adherent pericar- 
dium. 

fright (frit). Sudden and extreme fear. f. -neuro- 
ses, certain neuro mimetic disorders following injury; 
generally considered under the name of "traumatic 
hysteria." f., precordial, the precordial sensations 
of anxiety felt immediately before an attack of 
melancholic frenzy. 

frigidity (frij-id'-it-e) [frigus, coldj. Coldness; 
absence of sexual desire. 

frigorific (frig-or-if'-ik) [frigus, cold; facer e, to 
make]. Producing extreme cold. 

frigotherapy (frig-o-ther'-ap-e) [frigus; 6epairela, 
therapy]. The treatment of disease by cold. 

Froehde's reaction for proteids. A dark-blue 
coloration is produced by heating a solid proteid with 
sulphuric acid containing molybdic acid. 

Froehlich's syndrome (fre-'lik) [Alfred Froehlich, 
Austrian neurologist]. Dystrophia adiposogenitalis. 

frog-belly. The flaccid abdomen seen in children 
suffering from rickets or from atony of the abdominal 
cells the result of dyspepsia with flatulent distention. 
f.-face, a facial deformity due to the growth of 
polypi or other tumors in the nasal cavities. A 
temporary condition of this kind may be due to 
orbital cellulitis or facial erysipeles. f., salt-. See 
salt-frog, f.-unit, the smallest quantity of digitalis 
which will kill a frog of 30 grammes weight in exactly 
30 minutes. 

Frohmann's solution. A local anesthetic used in 
dentistry and said to consist of cocaine hydrochloride, 
0.2; morphine hydrochloride, 0.25; sodium chloride, 
0.2; antipyrine, 1-2; guaiacol, 2 drops; distilled water, 
100. 

Frohn's reagent (/row) [Damianus Frohn, German 
physician, 1843- ]. Add 7 Gm. of potassium iodide 
and 10 Cc. of hydrochloric acid to 1.5 Gm. of freshly 
precipitated bismuth subnitrate which has been 
treated with 20 Cc. of water and heated to the boiling- 
point. 

frolement (frol-mon(g)) [Fr.]. 1. A brushing; in 
massage, a succession of slow, backward-and-forward 
movements, as from a center to a periphery, and the 
reverse. It is done with the palmar surface of the 
fingers, or with the roulet. 2. A rustling sound 
heard in auscultation. 

Frommann's lines (from'-an) [Carl Frommann, 
German anatomist]. Transverse lines or striae 
appearing on the axis-cylinder of medullated nerve- 
fibers, near the nodes of Ranvier, after the fibers 
have been stained with silver nitrate. 

Frommer's test for acetone (from'-er). Render 
10 cc. of urine strongly alkaline by means of potas- 
sium hydroxide, add 10 to 12 drops of a 10 per cent, 
solution o{ salicylaldehyde in absolute alcohol, and 
warm the mixture to about 70 C. If acetone be 
present the fluid becomes yellow, then red, purplish- 
red, and, on long standing, dark red. 

frons (from) [L.: gen., fronlis]. The forehead. 

frontad (front' -ad) [front; ad, to]. Toward the 
frontal aspect. 

frontal (front' -al) [front]. 1. Pertaining to the 
anterior part or aspect of an organ or body. 2. Be- 
longing to the forehead, f. bone, the anterior bone 
of the skull and superior bone of the face. f. emi- 
nence. See eminence, frontal, f. lobe. See lobe, 
■frontal, f . section. See section, frontal, t. sinuses, 



FRONTALIS 



375 



FUNDUS 



the hollow air-spaces in the frontal bone. f. suture. 
See suture, frontal. 

frontalis muscle (fron-ta'-lis) [frontalis, of the 
forehead]. The frontal portion of the occipito- 
frontal muscle. See muscles, table of. 

fronten (fron'-ten) [frons, the forehead]. Belonging 
to the frontal bone in itself. 

fronto- (fron-to-) [frons, forehead]. A prefix de- 
noting anterior position or expressing a relation with 
the forehead. 

frontomalar (Jron-to-nu' -kal) . Relating to the 
frontal and to the malar bones, f. suture. See 
suture, frontomalar. 

frontomaxillary (fron-to-mak'-sil-a-re). Relating 
to the frontal bone and the upper jaw bones. 

frontomental (fron-to-men'-tal). Running from 
the top of the forehead to the point of the chin or 
relating to the forehead and chin. 

frontonuchal (fron-to-nu'-kal). Relating to the 
forehead and the nape of the neck. 

frontooccipital (fron-to-ok-sip'-it-al). Pertaining to 
the forehead and the occiput, or on the frontal and 
occipital bones. 

frontoparietal (fron-to-pa-ri'-e-tal). Relating to 
the frontal and parietal bones. 

frontotemporal (fron-to-tem'-po-ral). Relating to 
the frontal and temporal bones. 

front-tap contraction {f runt' -tap) . Contraction of 
the gastrocnemius muscle when the muscles of the 
front of the leg are tapped. 

Froriep's ganglion (fro'-rep) [August Froriep, 
German anatomist, 1849- ]. A rudimentary- 
ganglion occasionally found in connection with one 
or more of the roots of the hypoglossal nerve. F.'s 
induration, myositis fibrosa. 

frost-bite. The morbid condition of a part the 
result of extreme cold. 

frosted feet (fros'-ted). See chilblain. 

frost-itch. A name for pruritus hiemalis. 

froth. Foam, as from the mouth, f., bronchial, 
that coming from the bronchial tubes, as in. asthma. 

frottage (Jrot-ahzh') [Fr.]. 1. Massage, rubbing. 
2. A form of sexual perversion in which the orgasm 
is induced by simply rubbing against or toying with 
the clothing of women. An individual so afflicted is 
called afrotteur. 

frotteur (frot-ur') [Fr.]. See frottage (2). 

frown. To scowl. A wrinkling of the brow. 

F. R. S. Abbreviation for Fellow of the Royal 
Society. 

fructose (fruk'-tos). See levulose. 

fructosuria (fruk-to-su'-re-ah) [fructus, fruit; ovpov, 
urine]. The presence of levulose (fruit-sugar) in 
the urine. 

frugivorous (froo-jiv'-or-us) [frux, fruit; vorare, to 
devour]. Fruit-eating. 

fruit (froot) [fructus, fruit]. 1. The developed ovary 
of a plant, especially the succulent, fleshy parts 
gathered about the same. 2. The offspring of 
animals, f. -sugar. See levulose. 

frumentaceous (fru-men-ta'-she-us) [frumentum, 
grain]. Belonging to or resembling grain. 

frumentum (fru-men'-tum) [L.]. Wheat or other 
grain, frumenti, spiritus (U. S. P.), whisky. 

ft. Abbreviation of fiat or fiant, L. "let there be 
made." 

Fuchs' coloboma (Jooks) [Ernst Fuchs, German 
ophthalmologist, 1851- ]. A small crescentic 
defect of the choroid at the lower border of the optic 
disc. F.'s optic atrophy, peripheral atrophy of the 
bundles composing the optic nerve. 

fuchsin, fuchsine (fook'-sin) [Leonhard Fuchs, 
German botanist, 1501-1566], C20H19N3 . C2H4O2. 
The hydrochloride or acetate of rosanilin, a lustrous, 
green, crystalline salt, imparting an intense red color 
to solutions. It is employed as a staining agent in 
microscopy, and has been used internally in albu- 
minuria. Dose tVI gr. (0.006-0.01 Gm.). f. 
bodies. See Russell's bodies. 

fuchsinophil, fuchsinophile {fook-sin'-o-fil) [fuchsin ; 
4>i\eZv, to love]. Stainable with fuchsin. 

Fucus (Ju'-kus) [<j>dKos, seaweed]. A genus of 
marine algae, the rockweeds. F. vesiculosus, bladder- 
wrack, sea-wrack, is employed in goiter and glandular 
enlargements and in obesity, under the name of 
antifat. Dose of the solid extract 10 gr. (0.65 Gm.); 
of the fluidextract 1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc). 

fucusaldehyde, C6H4O2. Any oily compound from 
fucus. 

fucusol (fu'-kus-sol). Same as fucusaldehyde. 



Fuerbringer's reaction for albumin (fur'-bring-er) 
[Paul Fuerbringer, German physician, 1849- ]. 
Gelatin capsules holding the double salt of mercuric 
chloride and sodium chloride with citric acid, opened 
at both ends and introduced into the urine, causes a 
cloudiness or flocculent precipitate in the presence of 
albumin. F.'s sign, a subphrenic abscess may be 
distinguished from a collection of pus above the 
diaphragm by the transmission, in case of the former, 
of the respiratory movements to a needle inserted 
into the abscess. 

fugacious (fu-ga'-shus) [fugere, to flee]. In biology, 
falling off, or fading early; fleeting; fugitive. 

fugitive (fu'-jit-iv). 1. Wandering, as e. g., a pain. 

2. Transient. 

Fuh's test for albumin. Equal volumes of non- 
albuminous urine and a mixture of equal parts of 
phenol and glycerol form an emulsion which clears 
up on agitation, leaving a transparent and highly 
refractive liquid. Equal volumes of albuminous 
urine and this solution when mixed produce a white 
turbidity which remains in spite of agitation and 
does not precipitate. The test will show 0.1 % of 
albumin. 

Fukala's operation (fu-kal'-ah) [Vincenz Fukala, 
German ophthalmologist]. Extraction of the crystal- 
line lens in high degree of myopia. 

fulgurant (ful'-gu-rant) [fulgur, lightning]. Light- 
ning-like, f. pains, pains that are excruciating and 
come on with lightning-like suddenness, and disap- 
pear as quickly. 

fulguration (ful-gu-ra'-shun) [see fulgurant]. 1. 
Lightning-stroke. 2. Sensation of darting pain. 

3. Treatment of malignant tumors by means of a 
high-frequency current of high tension and rela- 
tively low amperage applied with a cooled long spark 
to the area from which the malignant growth has 
been removed. 

fuliginous (fu-lij'-in-us) [fuliginosus, full of soot]. 
Smoke-like; very dark; soot-colored; applied to lips 
that are covered with dry, black crusts, as a "fuligi- 
nous coating." 

fullers' earth (ful'-erz urth). A siliceous non- 
fictile clay, used in the fulling of cloth, on account of 
its soapy quality ; it was formerly used as an absorb- 
ent, like bole. 

Fuller's operation (Jul'-er) [Eugene Fuller, Amer- 
ican surgeon]. Incision of the seminal vesicles. 

fulling (ful'-ing). In massage, a valuable method 
of kneading, named from the motion used by fullers 
in rubbing linen between their hands. It consists in 
holding the limb between the palms of both hands^ 
with the fingers fully extended, and making a rapid 
to-and-fro movement with each, the result being that 
the limb is rolled back and forth between the hands. 

fulminant, fulminating (fuV-min-ant, ful'-min-a- 
ting) [see fulgurant]. Sudden, severe, and rapid in 
course, as fulminant glaucoma. 

fumigation (fU-mig-a'-shun) [fumigare, to smoke]. 
Disinfection by exposure to the fumes of a vaporized 
disinfectant. 

fuming (Ju'-ming) [fumus, smoke]. Emitting 
smoke or vapor. 

function (Jungk'-shun) [fungi, to perform]. 1. The 
normal or special action of a part. 2. The chemical 
character, relationships and general properties of a 
substance. 

functional (Jungk'-shun-al). Pertaining to the 
special action of an organ, f. disease, a derange- 
ment of the normal action of an organ without 
structural alteration. 

funda (fun'-dah) [L., "a sling"; pi., fundce]. A 
four-tailed bandage. 

fundal (fun'-dal) [fundus]. Pertaining to the 
fundus, f. placenta, a placenta normally attached 
near the fundus of the uterus. 

fundament (Jun'-dam-ent) [fundus]. 1. The 
foundation or base of a thing. 2. The anus. 

fundamental (fun-dam-ent'-al) [fundament]. Per- 
taining to the foundation; elementary, essential. 
f. tissue, in biology, unspecialized parenchyma; 
those tissues of a plant through which the fibro- 
vascular bundles are distributed. 

fundus (fun'-dus) [L., "the bottom"]. The base 
of an organ; the part farthest removed from the 
opening of the organ, f. glands, microscopic tubular 
glands in the cardiac portion of the gastric mucous 
membrane, f. oculi, the posterior portion of the 
interior of the eye seen by the ophtlia mosc'ope. 
f. of gall-bladder, the wide anterior end. f.-reflex 



FUNGAL 



376 



FUSIFORM 



test. See retinoscopy. f. uteri, the part of the uterus 
remotest from the cervix, f. ventriculi, the large 
rounded cul-de-sac cephalad to the cardia of the 
stomach, when the organ is dilated, f. vesicae, the 
floor or bas fond of the urinary bladder. 

fungal (fun' -gal). Belonging to or like fungi. 

f ungate (fun' -gat) [fungus], i. To grow up with a 
fungal appearance; also, to grow rapidly, like a 
fungus, as certain pathologic growths. 2. A salt of 
fungic acid. 

f ungating (fun'-gat-ing). Applied to ulcers assum- 
ing a fungous appearance. 

fungicide (fun'-ji-sid) [fungus; ccedere, to kill]. 

1. Destructive to fungi; bactericide. 2. An agent 
that destroys fungi or bacteria. 

fungiform (fun'-jif-orm) [fungus; forma, form]. 
Having the form of a mushroom, as the fungiform 
papilla? of the tongue. 

fungoid (fun'-goid) [fungus; eldos, likeness]. 
Resembling a fungus. 

fungosity (fun-gos'-it-e) [fungus]. A soft excres- 
cence. 

fungous (fung'-gus) [fungus, a toadstool]. Having 
the appearance or qualities of a fungus; excrescent, 
soft and swiftly-growing. 

fungus (fun'-gus) [L.]. 1. One of the lowest 
orders of plants, without stems, leaves, or roots, and 
destitute of chlorophyl. The chief classes of fungi 
are the molds, or Hyphomycetes, the yeasts, or 
Saccharomycetes, and the bacteria, or Schizomycetes. 

2. A spongy, morbid excrescence, as proud flesh. 
f . articuli. See arthritis fungosa. f. of brain, hernia 
cerebri, f. of dura mater, a tumor of malignant 
nature springing from the dura and perforating the 
skull and its integuments, f.-foot. See Madura- 
foot, f. haematodes, a bleeding tumor, generally a 
soft carcinoma, f ., ray-, the actinomyces. 

funic (fu'-nik) [funis]. Pertaining to the funis. 

funicle (fii'-nik-l) [funis]. A slender cord. 

funicular (fu-nik'-u-lar) [funis]. Relating to the 
umbilical or spermatic cord. f. process, the portion 
of the tunica vaginalis that surrounds the spermatic 
cord. 

funiculate (fu-nik'-u-lat). Furnished with a 
funiculus. 

funiculitis (fu-nik-u-li'-tis) [funiculus; ins, in- 
flammation]. Inflammation of the spermatic cord. 

funiculus (fu-nik'-u-lus) [dim. of funis, a cord: 
pi., funiculi]. 1. A cord-like structure, as the sper- 
matic cord or the umbilical cord. 2. A bundle of 
nerve-fibers in a sheath of perineurium. 3. A 
name for the different columns of the spinal cord and 
medulla oblongata, as the funiculus cuneatus, funi- 
culus gracilis, funiculus of Rolando, funiculus teres. 
f., cuneate lateral, f. of Rolando, a longitudinal 
prominence on the surface of the oblongata, between 
the cuneate funiculus and the line of roots of the 
spinal accessory nerve, f. cuneatus, the continuation 
into the oblongata of the posterolateral column of 
the cord; the column of Burdach. f. gracilis, the 
continuation into the oblongata of the posteromedian 
column of the cord; the column of Goll. f. solitarius, 
a bundle of nerve fibers in the medulla made up of 
the descending fibers of the glossopharyngeal, facial, 
and vagus nerves, f. teres, a column on each side 
of the median furrow on the floor of the fourth 
ventricle. Syn., corpus teres ; fasciculus teres. 

funis (fu'-nis) [L.]. A cord; the umbilical 
cord. 

funnel (fun' -el). 1. A wide-mouthed, conical vessel 
ending in an open tube, used to transfer liquids from 
one vessel to another, and as a support for paper 
niters, f.-breast, f.-chest. See breast, funnel-. 
f .-drainage, drainage of diseased parts by means of 
funnels, f.s, Golgi's, f.s, Golgi and Rezzonico's, 
funnel-shaped structures composed of spiral threads 
described by Golgi and others as surrounding the 
axis-cylinder of a myelinic nerve-fiber and supporting 
the myelin. They appear to be artificially produced 
in the process of staining, f., nephridial, the funnel- 
shaped beginning of a renal tubule. 

funny bone (fun'-e-bon). The internal condyle of 
the humerus. Being crossed superficially by the 
ulnar nerve, blows upon it give an unpleasant sensa- 
tion to the hand. 

fur. A coating of morbid matters, including an 
increased amount of epithelium, seen upon the tongue 
in various conditions of disease. 

furca (fur'-kah) [L., a fork]. A fork. f. orbitalis, 
the orbital fork; one of the earliest signs of the orbit 



seen in the embryo; it is a mere trace of bifurcated 
bony tissue. 

furcal, furcate (fur'-kal, fur'-kat) [furca, a fork]. 
Forked; divided into two equal branches. 

furcula, furculum (fur'-kii-lah, -lum). A forked 
elevation in the floor of the embryonic pharynx; the 
joined clavicles of a bird; wishbone. 

furfur (fur'-fur) [L.]. Dandruff or porrigo; scurf; 
the bran of flour, f., microsporon. See tinea versi- 
color. 

furfuraceous (fur-fu-ra' -she-us) [furfur, bran]. 
Resembling the scales of bran, as furfuraceous des- 
quamation. 

furfural, furfuraldehyde (fur'-fu-ral, fur-fu-ral'- 
de-hid) . See furfurol. 

furfurol (fur'-fu-rol) [furfur, bran; oleum, oil], 
C5H4O2. A distillation-product from bran; sugar, 
etc. f. reaction for proteids, furfurol is produced on 
heating proteids with sulphuric acid. 

furfuron (fur' -fur-on). A proprietary liniment for 
gout and rheumatism said to consist of soap, camphor, 
salicylic acid, acetic ether, ammonia, and extract of 
peppermint. 

furfurous (fur'-fur-us). See furfuraceous. 

furibund (fu' -re-bund) [furibundus, raging]. Rag- 
ing; maniacal: applied to certain insane patients. 

furor (fu'-ror) [L.]. Madness; fury; a maniacal 
attack. f. amatorius, excessive sexual desire. 
f. epilepticus, epileptic insanity, f. femininus. See 
nymphomania, f. genitalis. Same as erotomania. 
f. secandi, same as tomo mania, f. transitorius. 
See mania, transitory, f . uterinus. See nymphomania. 

furred (furd) . Having an abnormal coating of 
granular or epithelial scales and other matter; as a 
furred tongue. 

furrow (fur'-o) [AS., furh, a groove]. A groove, 
f., digital, one of the transverse lines or furrows on 
the palmar surface of the fingers, f., genital, a 
groove appearing on the genital tubercle of the fetus 
at the end of the second month, f.s, interventricular, 
two longitudinal grooves separating the two ventri- 
cles of the heart, f.s, Liebermeister's, depressions 
on the superior surface of the liver due to pressure of 
the ribs. 

furuncle (fii'-rung-kl). Aboil. See furunculus. 

furuncular (fu-rung' -ku-lar) [furuncle]. Pertaining 
to a furuncle, f . diathesis. See furunculosis. 

furunculin (fu-rung' -ku-lin) . A preparation of 
yeast intended for use in furuncles, gastric and 
intestinal catarrhs, etc. 

furunculoid (fu-rung' -ku-loid). Resembling a 
furuncle or boil. 

furunculosis (fu-rung-ku-lo'-sis) [furunculus], A 
condition associated with the formation of furuncles. 

furunculous (fu-rung' -ku-lus) [furunculus, a 
boil]. 

Characterized by a continuous production of furun- 
cles. 

furunculus (fu-rung' -ku-lus) [L.]. A furuncle. 
A local inflammatory affection, commonly involving 
a skin-gland or hair-follicle, and ending in suppura- 
tion. It begins with a painful induration, followed 
by swelling, suppuration of the corium and sub- 
cutaneous connective tissue, and the discharge of a 
central slough or core. f. anthracoides, a small 
carbuncle. Syn., anthracoid furuncle, f . gangraenes- 
cens, f . gangraenosus, anthrax, f . malignus, anthrax, 
f . orientalis, a disease marked by the successive forma- 
tion of papule, tubercle, scab, and sharply circum- 
scribed ulcer on the face, especially the cheeks and 
angles of the mouth. It is common along the shores 
of the Mediterranean Sea. Syn., Aleppo boil; 
Biskra-button; Delhi boil; Natal sore; Oriental boil; 
Pendjeh sore. f . vespajus, a large, indolent furuncle 
bearing a fancied resemblance to a wasp's nest from 
its having a number of openings through which it 
suppurates. 

fuscin (fus'-in) [fuscus, dark]. The black pigment 
of the retina. 

fusel oil (fu'-zel), C5H11HO. Amyl-alcohol. An 
oily liquid of strong odor. It is an ingredient of 
crude alcohol obtained by distilling grain and pota- 
toes. 

fusible (fuz'-ib-l) [fusus, to melt]. Capable of 
being melted, f. calculus, a calculus that can be 
liquefied by heat, 

fusiform (fuz'-if-orm) [fusus, a spindle; forma, 
shape]. Spindle-shaped, f. lobule, the convolution 
on the median aspect of the brain below the col- 
lateral fissure. 



FUSION 377 FUZZBALL 

fusion (Ju'-zhun) [fundere, to pour out]. The fustin (Jus' -tin) [fustus, a knotted stick], C15H10O6. 

process of meltingj the act of uniting or cohering. A yellow crystalline coloring-matter obtained from 

fusocellular (Ju-zo-sel'-u-lar) [fusus, a spindle; Rhus cotinus. 

cella, a cell]. Spindle-celled. fututio (fu-tu'-she-o) [L]. Sexual intercourse. 

fustigation (fus-tig-a'-shun) [fustigare, to beat]. fututrix (fu-tu'-triks) [L.]. A female who practises 

Flogging, f., electric, an application of electricity tribadism. 

in which the surface of the body is rapidly tapped with fuzzball (fuz'-bawl) . See Bovista. 
the electrodes of an induced current. 



g. Abbreviation of gram. 

Ga. Chemical symbol for the element gallium. 

Gabbet's method (gab'-et) [Henry Singer Gabbet, 
English physician]. For staining tubercle bacilli: 
the dried and fixed preparation is placed for 10 
minutes in a solution consisting of fuchsin, i part; 
alcohol, 10 parts; phenol, 5 parts; distilled water, 
ioo parts; then dried with filter-paper and placed 
for s minutes in a second solution of methylene-blue, 
2 parts; sulphuric acid, 25 parts; distilled water, 
100 parts; it is then washed and dried. If the stain 
has been successful, the preparation will have a faint 
blue color. In the case of sections, dehydrate with 
alcohol ; clear and mount. A good and quick method. 

Gadberry's mixture. A combination of iron sul- 
phate, 100 gr.; quinine sulphate, 100 gr.; nitric acid, 
100 min.; potassium nitrate, 300 gr.; water enough 
to make 16 oz. In the N. F. it is called mistura 
splenetica. 

gadinin (gad'-in-in), C7H17NO6. A ptomaine ob- 
tained from decomposing haddock and also from 
cultures of the bacteria of human feces. 

gadolinium (gad-o-lin'-e-um). See elements, table 
of chemical. 

gaduin (gad'-u-in) [gadus], C36H46O9. A fatty 
principle occurring in cod-liver oil. 

gaduol (gad'-u-ol). See morrhuol. 

Gadus (ga'-dus) [y 6.80s, the whiting]. A genus 
of fish. G. morrhua, the cod; a fish from the livers 
of which cod-liver oil is obtained. 

Gaertner's bacillus (gairt'-ner) [August Gaertner, 
German bacteriologist, 1848- ]. Bacillus enter i- 
iidis. 

Gaffky's table (gaf'-ke) [Georg Gaffky, German 
bacteriologist]. A table by means of which the 
prognosis in cases of tuberculosis may be made by 
estimating the number of tubercle bacilli in the 
sputum. The cases are classified by Lawrason 
Brown as follows: I. Only one to four bacilli in whole 
preparation; II. Only one on an average in many 
fields; III. Only one on an average in each field; 
IV. Two to three on an average in each field ; V. Four 
to six on an average in each field; VI. Seven to twelve 
on an average in each field; VII. Thirteen to twenty- 
five on an average in each field; VIII. About fifty 
on an average in each field; IX. About 100 on an 
average in each field. 

gafsa button (gaf-sah but'-n). See furunculus 
orientalis. 

gag [ME., gaggen, to gag]. 1. An instrument 
placed between the teeth to prevent closure of the 
jaws. 2. To retch, or attempt to vomit. 

Gage's test for bacterium coli in water. Dissolve 
100 Gm. of dextrose and 50 Gm. of peptone in a liter 
of boiling water; when cool, filter through paper until 
clear and add 0.25 % of phenol. To 100 Cc. of the 
water to be tested add 10 Cc. of the dextrose broth 
and place in an incubator at 38 C. for 20 hours, when, 
if Bacterium coli is present, there will be a bead on the 
surface. Give the bottle one vigorous shake and 
place it before a window. The gas will separate 
from the liquid and can be seen rising to the surface. 

gaiacyl (gi'-as-il). See guaiacyl. 

gaiethol (gi'-eth-ol). See guaethol. 

gait (gat) [Icel., gata, a way]. The manner of 
walking, g., ataxic, a gait in which the foot is 
raised high, thrown forward, and brought down 
suddenly, the whole sole striking the ground at once. 
g., cerebellar, a gait associated with a staggering 
movement, g., cow, a swaying movement due to 
knock-knee, g., equine, that of peroneal paralysis 
in which the foot is raised by flexing the thigh on the 
abdomen, g., frog, the hopping gait of infantile 
paralysis, g., paraparetic, that observed in chronic 
myelitis in which the steps are short and the feet 
dragged, from inability to lift them, g., paretic, a 
gait in which the steps are short, the feet dragged, the 
legs held more or less widely apart, and, as the disease 



progresses, there are uncertainty, shuffling, and 
staggering, g., spastic, a gait in which the legs 
are held close together and move in a stiff manner, 
and the toes tend to drag and catch, g., steppage, a 
gait observed in certain neurotic conditions, in which 
the foot is thrown forcibly forward, the toe lifted 
high in the air, the heel being first brought down 
and then the entire foot, g., tabetic. See g., ataxic. 
g., waddling, that of pseudohypertrophic paralysis, 
resembling the waddling gait of a duck. 

gala- (gal-ah-) [ya\a, milk]. A prefix denoting 
relating to milk. 

galactacrasia (gal-ak-tak-ra'-ze-ah) [gala-; &, priv.; 
Kpaffis, mixture]. Defect or abnormality in the 
composition of the milk. 

, galactagogue, galactagog (gal-ak'-tag-og) [gala-; 
&7W70J, leading]. 1. Inducing the secretion of milk. 
2. An agent that increases the secretion of milk. 

galactangioleucitis (gal-ak-tan-je-o-lu-si'-tis) [gala- ; 
ayyaov, vessel; Xewcos, white]. Lymphangitis asso- 
ciated with lactation. 

galactapostema (gal-ak-tap-os-te'-mah) [gala- ; 
Airoarrifia, abscess: pi., galactopostemata]. Milk- 
abscess; mammary abscess associated with lactation. 

galactose (gal-ak'-tds) [70X1, milk]. An enzyme 
of milk. It is a normal constituent, is soluble, and 
is active in ripening cheese. 

galactedema (gal-ak-te-de'-mah) [gala-; otSrina, a 
swelling]. Swelling of the breast due to accumu- 
lation of milk within it. 

galacthemia (gal-ak-the'-me-ah) [gala-; al/xa, blood]. 

1. A milky state or appearance of the blood. 2. 
Bloody milk, or the giving of bloody milk. 

galactic (gal-ak'-tik) [gala-]. Relating to or pro- 
moting the flow of milk. 

galactidrosis (gal-ak-lid-ro'-sis) [gala-; i5p«s, 
sweat]. The sweating of a milk-like fluid. 

galactin (gal-ak'-tin) [gala-]. 1. Same as lactose. 

2. An amorphous substance obtainable from milk, 
galactischia (gal-ak-tisk'-e-ah) [gala-; l<rx^ v , to 

suppress]. Suppression of the secretion of milk; 
galactoschesis. 

galactoblast (gal-ak'-to-blast) [gala-; (fXaaros, a 
germ]. A peculiar fat-containing globule found in 
the acini of the mammary gland; a colostrum cor- 
puscle. 

galactocele (gal-ak'-to-sel) [gala-; K17X77, tumor]. 
1. A cystic tumor of the female breast due to a 
collection of milk resulting from closure of a milk- 
duct. 2. Hydrocele with milky contents. 

galactochloral (gal-ak-to-klo'-ral), C8H4CI3O6. A 
mixture of galactose and chloral heated in presence 
of hydrochloric acid ; similar to chloralose. 

galactoglycosuria (gal-ak-to-gli-ko-su'-re-ah) [gala- ; 
glycosuria]. Glycosuria dependent upon lactation. 

galactoid (gal-ak'-toid) [gala-; eldos, form]. Re- 
sembling milk. 

galactoma (gal-ak-to'-mah) [gala-; 3/xa, a tumor: 
pi., galactomata]. Same as galactocele. 

galactometastasis (gal-ak-to-met-as'-tas-is). See 
galactoplania. 

galactometer (gal-ak-tom'-et-er). See lactometer. 

galactoncus (gal-ak-tong'-kus) [gala-; 67*05, a 
swelling]. Same as galactocele. 

galactopathy (gal-ak-top'-ath-e) [gala-; iradot, dis- 
ease]. 1. The application of a wet pack of warm 
milk (not boiled), used in the Transvaal, South 
Africa, in zymotic diseases. 2. Galactotherapy. 

galactophagous (gal-ak-toff'-ag-us) [gala- ; <payelv, to 
eat]. Subsisting on milk. 

galactophlysis (gal-ak-tof'-lis-is) [gala-; 0u<m, 
eruption], 1. A vesicular eruption containing a milk- 
like fluid. 2. Crusta lactea. 

galactophora (gal-ak-toff'-or-ah) [gala-; <peptiv, to 
bear]. Remedies that increase the secretion of milk. 

galactophoritis (gal-ak-toff-or-i'-tis) [gala-; <f>epeit>, 
to bear; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of a 
milk-duct. 



GALACTOPHOROUS 



379 



GALL 



galactophorous (gal-ak-tof'-or-us) [gala-; 4>kpeiv, 
to bear]. Milk-bearing, g. ducts, the excretory 
ducts of the mammae. 

galactophorus (gal-ak-toff'-or-us) [gala-; <pepeiv, 
to bear]. An artificial nipple placed over the natural 
organ in order to facilitate sucking and also to protect 
the natural nipple when abraded. 

galactophthisis (gal-ak-toff'-this-is) [gala-; <p6Lcns, 
consumption]. Emaciation and debility due to 
excessive secretion of milk. 

galactophyga (gal-ak-toff'-ig-ah) [gala-; cpevyeiv, to 
shun]. Remedies employed to arrest the secretion 
of milk. 

galactophygous (gal-ak-tof-ig-us) [gala-; <pvyfi, 
flight]. Arresting the secretion of milk. 

galactoplania (gal-ak-to-pla'-ne-ah) [gala-; w\avr], 
a wandering]. The metastasis of milk; a disease due 
to the suppression of lactation and the metastasis of 
the milk. 

galactoplerosis (gal-ak-to-ple-ro'-sis) [gala-; irX^pco- 
o-ts, a filling]. Distention of the breast from 
hypersecretion of milk, or from closure of the milk- 
ducts. 

galactopoietic (gal-ak-to-poi-et'-ik) [gala-; iroiktiv, 
to make]. Inducing the secretion of milk; concerned 
in the secretion of milk. 

galactoposia (gal-ak-to-po'-ze-ah) [gala-; irons, 
drinking]. The treatment of diseases by the use 
of a milk-diet; the milk-cure. 

galactopyretic (gal-ak-to-pi-ret'-ik) [gala-; irvperos, 
fever]. Relating to milk-fever. 

galactopyretus (gal-ak-lo-pi-re'-tus) [gala-; irvperos, 
fever]. Milk-fever. 

galactorrhea, galactorrhoea (gal-ak-tor-e'-ah) [gala- ; 
poia, a flow]. An excessive flow of milk. 

galactoschesis (gal-ak-tos'-kes-is) [gala-; axeo-is, 
retention]. The retention or suppression of the 
milk. 

galactoscope (gal-ak'-to-skop). See lactoscope. 

galactose (gal-ak'-tos) [yaka, milk], C6H12O6. A 
sugar formed by boiling milk-sugar with dilute 
acids. It readily reduces alkaline copper solutions 
and is fermentable with yeast. 

galactosis (gal-ak-to'-sis) [ya\cucT<a<ris]. The secre- 
tion of milk. 

galactostasis (gal-ak-tos'-tas-is) . 1. A suppression 
of the milk-secretion. 2. A stasis of milk in a breast. 

galactosuria (gal-ak-to-su'-re-ah) [galactose; ovpov, 
urine]. The passage of urine containing galactose. 

galactosyrinx (gal-ak-to-sir'-ingks) [gala-; abpiy%, 
a pipe]. Lacteal fistula. 

galactotherapy (gal-ak-to-ther'-ap-e) [gala- ; Oepairela, 
treatment]. 1. The treatment of disease in suckling 
infants by the administration of remedies to the 
mother or wet-nurse. 2. Milk-cure. 

galactotoxicon (ga-lak-to-toks'-ik-on). The active 
agent in poisonous milk. 

galactotoxin (gal-ak-to-toks'-in). A basic poison 
generated in milk by the growth of microorganisms. 
See tyroioxicon. 

galactotoxism (gal-ak-to-toks'-izm) [gala-; to^ikov, 
poison]. Milk-poisoning. 

galactotrophy (gal-ak-tot'-ro-fe) [gala-; rpcxprj, 
nourishment]. Nourishing with milk only. 

galactozemia (gal-ak-to-ze'-me-ak) [gala-; fTj/ua, 
loss]. 1. Loss, diminution, or suppression of the 
milk by failure of secretion. 2. Loss of milk by 
wastage; oozing of milk from the nipple. 

galactozymase (gal-ak-to-zi'-maz) [gala-; fu^ 7 ?. 
leaven]. A ferment found in milk capable of lique- 
fying starch. 

galactozyme (gal-ak' -to-zlm) [gala-; fi>p;, leaven]. 
A drink made by the fermentation of milk, as kefir, 
or kumiss; also milk fermented with common yeast. 

galacruria (gal-ak-tu'-re-ah) [gala-; ovpov, urine]. 
Milkiness of the urine; chyluria. 

galanga, galangal (gal-an'-gah, gal'-an-gaV) [Chin.]. 
The rhizome of Alpinia officinarum and of Kcempferia 
galanga (greater galangal). The active principles 
are a volatile oil and a resin; the actions are those of 
a stimulant aromatic. Dose 15-30 gr. (1-2 Gm.). 

galangol (gal-ang'-gol). The active principle of 
galangal. 

Galassi pupillary phenomenon. When the orbicu- 
laris palpebrarum is brought into energetic use and 
the eye closed with vigor, there is a narrowing of 
the pupil, which dilates when the eye is opened. 

galazyme (gal'-az-lm) [gala-; fuMf. leaven]. A 
fermented drink, made on the continent, from milk 
by adding to it sugar and a special ferment. 



galbanum (gal'-ban-um) [Heb., khelb'nah, white 
milk]. 1. A gum-resin of Ferula galbaniflua and 

F. rubricaulis. It is expectorant, stimulant, and 
antispasmodic, and is useful in chronic bronchitis, 
amenorrhea, and chronic rheumatism. Locally it 
is employed in the form of a plaster for indolent 
swellings. Dose 10-20 gr. (0.65-1.3 Gm.). g., 
compound pills of, pills of asafetida, galbanum, myrrh, 
and syrup of glucose, g. plaster, galbanum, 16; 
turpentine, 2; Burgundy pitch, 6; lead-plaster, 76 
parts. 

Galbiati knife (gal-be-ah'-te) [Gennaro Galbiati, 
Italian obstetrician, 1776-1844]. A special knife 
used in the operation of symphyseotomy. 

galbismin (gal-biz' -miri). A proprietary substitute 
for iodoform. 

galea (ga'-le-ah) [galea, helmet: pi., galea;]. 1. A 
form of head-bandage. 2. Headache extending all 
over the head. 3. The aponeurotic portion of the 
occipito-frontal muscle. 4. The amnion or caul, 
g. aponeurotica, galea (3). g. capitis, galea (1) 
and (3). 

galeamaurosis (ga-le-am-aw-ro'-sis) [ya\fi, cat, 
weasel; buavpoeiv, to darken]. See amaurotic cat's 
eye. 

galeanthropy (ga-le-an'-thro-pe) [ya\ij, cat, weasel; 
hvOpunros, man]. A form of zoanthropy in which 
the patient believes himself to be transformed into or 
inhabited by a cat. 

Galeati's glands. See Lieberkiihn's crypts. 

galega (gal-e'-gah) [ya\a, milk; ayeiv, to lead]. 
Goat's-rue. A genus of plants belonging in the order 
Leguminosce. G. officinalis is a European species 
said to be an efficient galactagogue. Dose of fluid- 
extract 8-15 gr. (0.52-1.0 Gm.); of tincture, containing 
6.5 % of extract, 50-100 min. (3.08-6.16 Cc.) 5 times 
daily. 

galegol (gal-e' -gol) . A proprietary preparation 
made from galega; used as a galactagogue. 

galena (ga-le'-nah) [yaX-qvv, lead ore]. 1. A 
remedy for poison. 2. Native lead sulphide. 

Galenic, Galenical (ga-len'-ik, -al) [Galen]. Re- 
lating to or consistent with the teachings of Galen. 
Medicines were said to be galenic (a) when they were 
of vegetable origin, and not chemical or spagyric; 
(b) when they were designed for the use of human 
patients, and were not veterinary; (c) the term was 
often nearly equivalent to officinal, or official, in the 
modern sense of the latter word. 

Galen's ampulla (ga'-len) [Claudius Galenus, Greek 
physician (in Rome), 130-200]. A dilatation of the 
vena magna Galeni, occurring in the middle of 
Bichat's fissure, between the splenium and the 
quadrigeminal bodies. It receives the two basilar 
and several small cerebral and cerebellar veins. 
G.'s anastomosis. See G.'s nerve. G.'s bandage, 
a six-tailed bandage for the head. G.'s cardiac vein, 
the anterior cardiac or right marginal vein. G.'s 
cerate, a cerate composed of white wax 1; oil of 
almonds 4; rose-water 3. G.'s chancre. See Celsus' 
chancre. G.'s duct. See Botal, duct of. G.'s 
foramen, the opening of the anterior cardiac vein in 
the right auricle. G.'s nerve, a small branch of the 
superior laryngeal nerve that passes along the 
posterior surface of the cricoarytenoideus posticus and 
anastomoses with the ascending branch of the in- 
ferior laryngeal nerve. G.'s veins, two large venous 
trunks formed by the deep cerebral veins; they unite 
to form the vena magna Galeni, which opens into the 
straight sinus. G.'s ventricle. See Morgagni's 
ventricle. 

galeropia, or galeropsia (gal-er-o' -pe-ah, or gal-er- 
op'-se-ah) [yaXipos, cheerful; Si/as, vision]. A pre- 
ternaturally clear and light appearance of objects 
due to some perversion of the visual apparatus. 

galianconism (ga-le-an'-ko-nizm) [yaXidyKuv, a 
short-armed person]. Atrophy of the arm, with 
shortening. 

Galium. 1. A genus of herbs. 2. An extract 
from the leaves of G. aparine; it is antiscorbutic and 
diuretic; used in epilepsy, jaundice, and dropsy. 

G. verum, ladies' bed-straw; it is a refrigerant. 

gall (gawl) [AS., gealla, bile]. 1. The bile. 2. An 
excoriation. 3. Nut-gall or galla. g.-bladder, the 
pear-shaped sac on the under surface of the right 
lobe of the liver, constituting the reservoir for the 
bile, g.-cyst, the gall-bladder, g.-ducts, the ducts 
conveying the bile, g.-stones, the concretions 
occasionally formed in the gall-bladder and bile- 
ducts, g.-stones, Courvoisier's law concerning, 



GALLA 



380 



GAMBOGE 



when the common duct is obstructed by a stone, 
dilatation of the gall-bladder is rare; when the common 
duct is obstructed by other causes, dilatation of the 
gall-bladder is common. 

galla (gal'-ah) [L.]. Nutgall. The galla of the 
U. S. P. is an excrescence on the leaves of Quercus 
infectoria, caused by the deposited ova of an insect. 
It contains tannic acid, from 10 to 75 %, gallic acid, 
5 %. Dose 5-15 gr. (0.32-1.0 Gm.). gallae, tinctura 
(U. S. P.), 20 %. Dose §-3 dr. (2-12 Cc). gallae, 
unguentum (U. S. P.), nutgall ointment, gallae, 
unguentum, cum opio (B. P.), an astringent and 
sedative ointment. 

gallabromol (gal-ah-bro'-mol) . See gallobromol. 

gallacetophenol (gal-as-et-o-fe'-nol). See gallaceto- 
phenone. 

gallacetophenone (gal-as-et-o-fe'-non) [galla; aci- 
dum, acid; phenone], CH3CO . CeH2(OH)3. A yellow 
powder prepared from pyrogallic acid; used as a 
10 % ointment in dermatology. 

gallal (gal'-al). Aluminum gallate; it is used as a 
dusting-powder. 

gallanilide (gal-an' -il-id) . See gallanol. 

gallanol (gal'-an-ol), C13H11O4N +2H2O. The ani- 
lide of gallic acid obtained by boiling tannin with 
aniline; used in skin diseases in 3 to 20 % ointment, 
or as a dusting-powder when mixed with French chalk. 

gallate (gal'^dt). A salt of gallic acid. 

gallein (gal'-e-in), CisHuO. Pyrogallol-phthalein; 
one of the coal-tar colors, obtained on heating pyro- 
gallic acid with phthalic anhydride to 200 C. It 
dissolves with a dark-red color in alcohol, and with a 
beautiful blue color in alkalies. It is an important 
indicator. 

gallianin (gal-e'-an-in). A fluid consisting of 4 
parts by volume of ozone dissolved in 1 part of an 
indifferent vehicle. It is used in veterinary surgery, 
in heat-stroke, acute pneumonia, etc. 

gallic acid (gal'-ik). See acid, gallic. 

gallicin (gal'-is-in), CeHsCOH^COOCHs. A methyl 
ether of gallic acid; recommended in conjunctivitis 
and keratitis. 

gallinol (gal'-in-ol). See gallanol. 

gallipot (gal'-e-pot) [OD., gleypot]. An apothe- 
cary's pot for holding ointments or confections. 

gallisin (gal'-is-in) [galla, an oak-gall], C12H24O10. 
An unfermentable carbohydrate found in starch- 
sugar. 

gallium (gal'-e-um) [Gallia, Gaul]. A rare metal 
(symbol Ga, sp. gr. 5.93s), extremely fusible, and 
related in chemical properties to aluminum, like 
which it is capable of forming a series of alums. 
Some of its compounds are poisonous. See elements, 
table of. 

gallobromol (gal-o-bro'-mol), CvBnOoHU. A com- 
pound obtained from bromine by action of gallic 
acid; it is sedative, antiseptic, and astringent. Dose 
30-45 gr. (2-3 Gm.) a day. Application in 1 to 4 % 
solution or paste. 

galloformin (gal-o-form'-in). A compound of 
hexamethylenamine and gallic acid; used as an in- 
ternal antiseptic. 

gallogen (gal'-o-jen) ellagic or benzoaric acid, 
CuH608; employed as an intestinal antiseptic. Dose 
5-10 gr. (0.3-1.0 gm.). 

Gallois' test for inosit. Allow the inosit solution 
to evaporate to incipient dryness; moisten the 
residuum with a little mercuric nitrate solution and 
it assumes a yellow color on drying, which becomes 
a fine red on heating strongly, but disappears on 
cooling. Tyrosin, sugar, and proteids must be absent. 

gallon (gal' -on) [ME., galon]. A standard unit of 
volumetric measurement, having in the United 
States a capacity of 231 cubic inches; four quarts. 

galloping consumption. The popular term for the 
very rapidly fatal form of pulmonary tuberculosis, 
in which there is rapid destruction of the lung-tissue 
on both sides. It is also called florid phthisis, g. 
paresis, rapidly progressive general paralysis. 

gallop rhythm (gal' -up rithm). A peculiar form of 
cardiac arrhythmia, in which the sounds resemble the 
footfall of a horse in cantering. It is expressed by 
the words "rat-ta-tat." It is most frequently 
heard in interstitial nephritis and arteriosclerosis. 
It is said to be met with also in healthy persons. 

gallotannic acid (gal-o-tan'-ik). See acid, tannic. 

galtah, galtia (gal'-tah, gal'-she-ah) [gala, throat, 
as galtah is a form of surra in camels, in which the 
throat affection is one of the prominent symptoms]. 
Vernacular term in India for trypanosomiasis. 



Galton's whistle (gawl'-ton) [Francis Gallon, 
English anthropologist, 1822-1011]. An instrument 
used for detecting the perception of high tones by 
the ear. 

galvanic (gal-van' -ik) [Luigi Galvani, Italian 
scientist, 1737-1798]. Pertaining to galvanism. 
c. battery, a series of cells producing electricity by 
chemical reaction, and so arranged as to secure the 
combined effect of the units, g. electricity, galvanism. 

galvanism (gal'-van-izm) [see galvanic}. Primary 
electricity produced by chemical action. 

galvanization (gal-van-iz-a'-shun) [see galvanic}. 
The transmission of a current of low electromotive 
force through any part of the body for the purpose 
of diagnosing or curing disease. 

galvano- (gal-van-o-) [see galvanic}. A prefix 
denoting a galvanic or primary current of electricity. 

galvanocaustics (gal-van-o-kaws'-tiks). The sci- 
ence of the caustic action of galvanism. 

galvanocautery (gal-van-o-kaw'-ter-e). A form of 
thermal cautery in which the heat is produced by a 
galvanic current. 

galvanochemistry (gal-van-o-kem'-is-tre). See elec- 
trochemistry. 

galvanocontractility (gal-van o-kon-trak-til' i-te). 
The property of being contractile under stimulation 
by the galvanic current. 

galvanofaradaic, galvanofaradic (gal-van-o-far-ad- 
a'-ik, -ad'-ik). Relating to faradism and to gal- 
vanism. 

galvanof aradization (gal-van-o-far-ad-i-za'-shun) . 
The simultaneous excitation of a nerve or muscle by 
both a galvanic and a faradic current. 

galvanolysis (gal-van-ol'-is-is). See electrolysis. 

galvanometer (gal-van-om'-et-er) [galvano-; ukrpov, 
a measure]. 1. An instrument used for the qualitative 
determination of the presence of an electric current. 
2. An electrocardiograph. 

galvanoplasty (gal-van-o-plas' -te) [galvano- ; irXaaaeiv, 
to form]. Electroplating. 

galvanoprostatotomy (gal-van-o-pros-tat-ot'-o-me) 
[galvano-; prostate; ro^i], a cutting]. Bottini's 
operation, q. v. 

galvanopuncture (gal-van-o-pungk'-tur). The intro- 
duction of fine needles that complete an electric 
circuit. 

galvanoscope (gal-van' -o-skop) [galvano ; aKoirelv, 
to view]. An instrument for detecting the presence 
and direction of a galvanic current. 

galvanoscopy (gal-van-os'-ko-pe) [see galvanoscope}. 
The use of the galvanoscope. 

galvanosurgery (gal-van-o-sur'-jer-e). The surgical 
use of galvanism. 

galvano taxis (gal-van-o-taks' -is) . See galvano- 
tropism. 

galvanotherapeutics (gal-van-o-ther-a-pu '-tiks) . 

Treatment by means of the galvanic current. 

galvanothermy (gal-van-o-ther'-me) . The galvanic 
production of heat. 

galvanotonic (gal-van-o-ton'-ik). Both galvanic 
and tonic; relating to galvanotonus. 

galvanotonus (gal-van-ot'-on-us) [galvano-; tovos, 
tension]. 1. Electro tonus. 2. The continued tetanus 
of a muscle between the make and break contrac- 
tion. 

galvanotropism (gal-van-ot'-ro-pizm) [galvano-; 
irpkireiv, to turn]. The turning movements of living 
structure or beings under the influence of a current 
of electricity. 

galyl (gal'-il). Tetraoxydiphosphaminodiarseno- 
benzene; it contains about 35 per cent, of arsenic, 
and is used, intravenously, for syphilis. 

galziekte (gal-ze-ek'-te). A South African disease 
of cattle due to Trypanosoma theileri. 

Gambault and Philippe, median triangular tract of. 
A part of the descending posteromedial tract of the 
spinal cord. 

Gambian fever (gam'-be-an) [Gambia, on West 
coast of Africa]. A relapsing fever due to the 
Trypanosoma gambiense. 

gambir (gam'-bir). An extract from the twigs 
and leaves of Ourouparia gambir. Gambir yields 
the same substances as catechu, and its action and 
uses are the same as those of catechu, g., compound 
tincture of (tinctura gambir composita, U. S. P.), 
used in place of the compound tincture of catechu. 
Dose 1 dr. (4 Cc). g., troches of (trochisci gambir, 
U. S. P.), made of gambir, sugar, tragacanth, and 
stronger orange-flower water. 

gamboge (gam-boozf) . See cambogia. 



GAMENOMANIA 



381 



GANGLION 



gamenomania (gam-en-o-ma'-ne-ah). See gamo- 
mania. 

gametangium (gam-et-an'-je-um) [yauer-ns, a spouse; 
&yyeloi>, a vessel]. A cell or organ producing or 
containing sexual elements, or gametes. 

gamete (gam'-et) [ya^er-os, a spouse]. In biology, 
any sexual reproductive body. 

gametocyte (gam-et-o-sit) . A cell different in 
appearance from the ordinary individuals of the 
species and from which the gamete is derived. 

gametophyte (gam'-et-o-fit) [gamete; <j>vrbv, a 
plant]. In biology, the sexual form of such plants 
as exhibit alternate generation. 

gametoschizont (gam-et-o-skiz'-ont). A parasite 
of the sexual type in organisms exhibiting alternation 
of generation. 

Gamgee tissue (gam'-je). Absorbent cotton- 
wool. m 

gamic (gam'-ik) [ydfios, marriage]. In biology, 
sexual. 

gammacism (gam'-as-izm) [gammacismus ; yanna, 
the Greek letter T, 7, the equivalent of the letter 
G or g.]. Difficulty in pronouncing the letters "g" 
and "k." 

gamo- (gam'-o) [71x^0?, marriage]. A prefix denot- 
ing union, junction. 

gamogenesis (gam-o-jen'-es-is) [yavos, marriage; 
ykvea-LS, generation]. Sexual reproduction. 

gamogenetic (gam-o-jen-et'-ik) [ya^os, marriage; 
ykveois, origin]. Relating to gamogenesis. 

gamomania (gam-o-ma'-ne-ah) [yanos, marriage; 
navia, mania]. _ Insane desire of marriage. 

gamomorphism (gam-o-mor' -fizm) [ya/xos, marriage; 
liop<t>v, form]. Puberty; sexual maturity. 

gamopetalous (gam-o-pet'-al-us) [yanos, marriage; 
■wkrakov, a leaf]. In biology, sympetalous; having 
the petals more or less united. 

gamophyllous {gam-o-fiV -us) [yauos, marriage; 
</>v\\ov, a leaf]. In biology, symphyllous; having the 
floral envelops united into a single perianth-whorl. 
ganglia (gang'-gle-ah). Plural of ganglion. 
gangliac, ganglial, gangliar (gang'-gle-ak, gang'- 
gle-al, gang' -gle-ar) . Same as ganglionic. 

gahgliasthenia (gang-gle-as-the'-ne-ah) [ganglion ; 
&crdev€La, weakness]. Ganglionic asthenia; neur- 
asthenia due to defect of ganglionic function. 

gangliate, gangliated {gan'-gle-at, -ed). 1. Fur- 
nished with ganglia. 2. Intertwined or intermixed. 
gangliectomy {gang-le-ek' -to-me) [ganglion; tKToui), 
excision]. Excision of a ganglion. 

gangliform (gang'-gle-form) [ganglion; forma, form]. 
Having the shape of a ganglion. 

gangliitis (gang-gle-i'-tis). See ganglionitis. 
ganglioblast (gang'-gle-o-blast) [ganglion; fiXaards, 
a germ]. An embryonic ganglion-cell. Syn., esthesio- 
blast. 

gangliocyte (gang'-gle-o-szt) [ganglion; kvtos, cell]. 
A ganglion-cell. 

ganglioma (gang-gle-o'-mah) [ganglion; 6/xa, tumor]. 
A tumor or swelling of a lymphatic ganglion. 

ganglion (gang'-gle-on) [ykyy\iov, a knot: pi., 
ganglia]. 1. A well-defined collection of nerve-cells 
and fibers forming a subsidiary nerve-center. 2. A 
lymph node. 3. An enlarged bursa in connection 
with a tendon, g., Andersen's. See g., petrous, g., 
Arnold's. See g., otic, g., auditory, a prominence on 
the lateral wall of the fourth ventricle traversed by 
the auditory striae. Syn., tuber culum acusticum. g., 
auricular. See g., otic, g.s, basal, those at the base 
of the cerebrum; they include the corpora striata 
(caudate and lenticular nuclei) and optic thalami. g., 
Bidder's. See Bidder's ganglion, g., Bochdalek's. 
See Bochdalek's ganglion, g., cardiac, superior. See 
Wrisberg's ganglion (1). g., carotid, one in the lower 
part of the cavernous sinus, beneath the carotid 
artery; roots, filaments from the carotid plexus; 
distribution, carotid plexus, g., carotid, inferior, one 
of the lower portion of the carotid canal; root, carotid 
plexus; distribution, filaments to the carotid artery. 
S-, carotid, superior, one in the upper portion of the 
carotid canal; root, carotid plexus; distribution, 
filaments to the carotid artery, g., Casserian. See 
Gasserian ganglion. g.-cell, the large nerve-cell 
characteristic of the ganglia; similar cells are 
found in other parts of the nervous system, g.s, 
cephalic, sympathetic ganglia of the head. They 
include the ophthalmic, sphenopalatine, otic, and 
submaxillary, g., cervical, inferior, that between the 
neck of the first rib and the transverse process of 
the last cervical vertebra; roots, three lower cervical, 



first dorsal; distribution, cardiac nerves and plexus, 
etc. g., cervical, middle, or thyroid, that opposite 
the fifth cervical vertebra, near the inferior thyroid 
artery; roots, fifth and sixth cervical nerves, spinal 
nerves and ganglia; distribution, thyroid gland, cardiac 
nerve, cavernous plexus, g., cervical, superior, that 
opposite the second and third cervical vertebra?; 
roots, four upper cervical, petrosal, vagus, glosso- 
pharyngeal, and hypoglossal nerves; distribution, 
superior, inferior, external, internal branches; carotid 
and cavernous plexuses, g., cervical (of uterus), that 
near the cervix uteri; roots, filaments from the* 
hypogastric plexus, sacral ganglia, andsacral nerves; 
distribution, uterine nerves, g., ciliary. See g., 
ophthalmic, g. of Cloquet. See Cloquet's ganglion. 
g., coccygeal. See g. impar. g., Corti's. See Corti's 
ganglion. g., Gasser's. See g., Gasserian. g., 
Gasserian, g., semilunar, location, fossa on the 
anterior part of the petrous portion of the temporal 
bone, near the apex; roots, fifth cranial nerve, carotid 
plexus; distribution, ophthalmic, superior and inferior 
maxillary nerves, g., geniculate, one in the aque- 
duct of Fallopius; roots, large and small superficial 
petrosal; distribution, facial, g., hepatic, one around 
the hepatic artery; roots, hepatic branches of the 
semilunar ganglion; distribution, liver, g. impar, 
g., coccygeal, that on the anterior surface of the 
tip of the coccyx, uniting the two sympathetic nerves; 
root, sympathetic; distribution, sympathetic, g., 
inferior (of vagus), one near jugular foramen; roots, 
hypoglossal and cervical nerves and various plexuses; 
distribution, vagus, g., inframaxillary, anterior, one 
near the incisor teeth; root, inferior maxillary nerve; 
distribution, filaments to the teeth, g., infra- 
maxillary, posterior, one near the last molar tooth; 
root, inferior maxillary nerve; distribution, filaments 
to the teeth, g., intercarotic, one connected with 
the caiotid plexus atthe bifurcation of the common 
carotid artery, g., interpeduncular. See Gudden's 
ganglion, g., jugular (Ehrenritter's), one in the 
upper part of the jugular foramen; root, glosso- 
pharyngeal; distribution, continuation of the glosso- 
pharyngeal, g., jugular (of vagus), one in the 
jugular foramen; root, vagus; distribution, vagus. 
g., lenticular. See g., ciliary, g., lingual. See g., 
submaxillary. g., Lowit's, the bulbus arteriosus. 
g., Ludwig's. See Ludwig's ganglion, g.s, lumbar 
(4 or 5), on each side and behind the abdominal 
aorta; root,_ sympathetic; distribution, sympathetic. 
g., lymphatic, any lymphatic gland, g., Meckel's, 
See g., sphenopalatine, g., mesenteric, inferior, one 
in the inferior mesenteric artery ; root, inferior mesen- 
teric plexus; distribution, mesentery and intestine. 
g., mesenteric, lateral, one in connection with 
superior mesenteric plexus, on left side; root, superior 
mesenteric plexus; distribution, mesentery and 
bowel, g., mesenteric, superior, one near the 
origin of the superior mesenteric artery; root, superior 
mesenteric plexus; distribution, sympathetic, g.. 
nasal. See g., sphenopalatine, g., nasopalatine. 
See Cloquet's ganglion, g. nodosum, the ganglion 
on the trunk of the vagus just before the jugular 
foramen, g., ophthalmic, that in the posterior part 
of the orbit; roots, nasal branch of the ophthalmic, 
third nerve, cavernous plexus, and Meckel's ganglion; 
distribution, short ciliary, g. orbital. See g., ophthal- 
mic, g., otic (Arnold's), one below the foramen 
ovale; roots inferior maxillary, auriculotemporal, 
glossopharyngeal, facial, sympathetic, and internal 
pterygoid; distribution, tensor tympani, tensor palati, 
chorda tympani. g., petrous (Andersch's), one on 
the lower border of the petrous portion of the tem- 
poral bone; root, glossopharyngeal; distribution, 
tympanic, sympathetic, and vagus, g., pharyngeal, 
one near the ascending pharyngeal artery; root, 
carotid plexus; distribution, carotid plexus, g., 
phrenic, one under the diaphragm at the junction 
of the right phrenic nerve and phrenic plexus; root, 
sympathetic; distribution, to the diaphragm, inferior 
vena cava, suprarenal capsule, hepatic plexus, g.s, 
pneumogastric. See g., vagus, g., prostatic (of 
Miiller), one on the prostate; root, prostatic plexus; 
distribution, filaments to seminal vesicles and cav- 
ernous tissue of penis, g., pterygopalatine. See 
g., sphenopalatine. g., Remak's. See Remak's 
ganglion, g., renal, one around the renal artery; 
root, renal plexus; distribution, renal artery, g. of 
Ribes. See Ribes, ganglion of. g., sacral, four or 
five pairs on the ventral surface of the sacrum; root, 
sympathetic; distribution, sympathetic, g., Scarpa's. 



GANGLIONAR 



382 



GARROD'S TEST 



See Scarpa's ganglion, g., Schacher's. See g., 
ophthalmic, g., semilunar. See Gasserian's ganglion. 
g.s, semilunar, two ganglia, right and left, near the 
suprarenal bodies, in front of the crura of the dia- 
phragm; roots, solar plexus and great splanchnic 
nerves; distribution, solar plexus, g.s, solar. See 
g.s, semilunar, g., sphenopalatine (Meckel's), one 
in the sphenomaxillary fossa, near the spheno- 
palatine foramen; roots, superior maxillary, facial, 
sympathetic; distribution, anterior, posterior, and 
external palatine, nasopalatine, superior nasal, Vidian, 
•pharyngeal, g.s, spinal, those on the spinal nerve 
near the intervertebral foramina, g. spirale. See 
Corti's ganglion, g.s, splanchnic. See g.s, semilunar. 
g., submaxillary, that above the submaxillary gland; 
roots, gustatory, chorda tympani, submaxillary, 
sympathetic; distribution, mouth, submaxillary 
gland, and Wharton's duct, g., superior (of vagus), 
located at the jugular foramen; roots, superior 
cervical and petrous ganglia and spinal accessory; 
distribution, vagus, g., suprarenal, that at the 
junction of the great splanchnic nerves; root, solar 
plexus; distribution, suprarenal plexus, g., thoracic, 
twelve pairs between the transverse processes of 
the vertebrae and the heads of the ribs; root, sympa- 
thetic; distribution, splanchnic nerves and branches 
to spinal nerves and plexuses, g., thyroid, inferior. 
See g., cervical, middle, g., thyroid, superior. See 
g., cervical, superior, g., tympanic, that in the canal 
between the lower surface of the petrous portion 
of the temporal bone and the tympanum; root, 
tympanic branch of the glossopharyngeal; distri- 
bution, tympanum, g., vagus, (i) Of the root. 
See g., jugular. (2) Of the trunk: location, below the 
jugular foramen; root, vagus; distribution, vagus. 
g., Valentin's. See Valentin's ganglion, g., ventricu- 
lar. See Bidder's ganglion, g., vestibular, that in 
the aqueduct of Fallopius; root, geniculate ganglion; 
distribution, vestibular nerve, g., Walther's. See 
g. impar. g. of Wrisberg. See Wrisberg's ganglion. 

ganglionar (gang-gle-on'-er). Pertaining to, or 
having the characteristics of, a ganglion. 

ganglionated {gang- gle-on-a' -ted). Same as gangli- 
ate. 

ganglionervous system (gang-gle-o-ner'-vus). The 
sympathetic nervous system. 

ganglioneure, ganglioneuron (gang-gle-o-nur' ', -««'- 
ron) [ganglion; vevpov, a nerve]. A neuron the 
cell-body (nerve-cell) of which lies within the spinal 
or the cerebral ganglia. 

ganglioneuroma (gang-gle-o-nu-ro'-mah). A neu- 
roma containing ganglion-cell*. 

ganglionic {gang-gle-on'-ik) [ganglion]. Pertaining 
to or for the nature of a ganglion, g. canal, the 
canal around the cochlear modiolus for the spiral 
ganglion, g. centers, masses of gray matter of the 
brain lying between the floor of the lateral ventricles 
and the decussation of the anterior pyramids of 
the cord. They include the optic thalami, corpora 
striata, and others. 

ganglionica (gang-gle-on'-ik-ah). Drugs affecting 
the sensibility of the regions supplied by the sympa- 
thetic nerve. 

ganglionitis (gang-gle-on-i'-tis) [ganglion; ins, in- 
flammation]. Inflammation of a ganglion. 

gangliopathy (gang-gle-op' -ath-e) [ganglion; irhdos, 
disease]. Any disorder dependent upon a diseased 
condition of a ganglion; any diseased state of a 
ganglion. 

Gangolphe's sign (gahn-golf) [Louis Gangolphe, 
French surgeon]. In intestinal obstruction a sero- 
sanguineous effusion in the abdomen soon after 
strangulation has taken place. 

gangosa (gan-go'-sah) [Sp. gangoso, snuffling], A 
destructive form of nasopharyngitis. 

gangraena oris (gan-gre'-nah o'-ris). Cancrum 
oris (q. v.). 

gangrene (gang' -gr en) [yayypaiva, a sore, from 
ypaivtiv, to gnaw]. i. Mortification or death of a 
part of the body from failure in nutrition. 2. The 
putrefactive fermentation of dead tissue. g., 
atrophic, that due to embolism or thrombosis, g., 
carbolic-acid, dry gangrene from carbolized dressings. 
g., diabetic, a moist gangrene sometimes occurring in 
diabetic persons, g., dry, shriveling and desiccation 
from insufficiency of arterial blood, g., embolic, 
that caused by an embolus that cuts off the supply 
of blood, g., hospital, a contagious, rapidly fatal 
form arising under crowded conditions, particularly 
in military hospitals, g., mixed, dry gangrene with 



moist patches, g., moist, a form with abundance 
of serous exudation and rapid decomposition, g. 
nosocomial, hospital gangrene, g., primary, that 
without preceding inflammation of the part, g., 
pulpy. See g., hospital, g., secondary, a form with 
preceding inflammation, g., senile, that attacking 
the extremities of the aged, g., symmetrical, that 
attacking corresponding parts of opposite sides. 
Syn., Raynaud's disease, g., tachetic, a form marked 
by the appearance of ecchymotic spots, of greater 
or less extent, on various parts of the body. It is 
believed to be due to blood-poisoning, g., white, 
a moist gangrene due to anemia and lymphatic 
obstruction. 

gangrenopsis (gang-gr en-op' -sis) [gangrene; o\J/is, 
the face]. Synonym of cancrum oris. 

gangrenosis (gang-gr en-o' -sis) [gangrene; vboos, 
disease]. The condition of being or of becoming 
mortified or gangrenous. 

gangrenous (gang'-gren-us) [gangrene]. Pertaining 
to or of the nature of gangrene, g. emphysema. 
See edema, malignant. 

ganister, gannister (gan'-is-ter) [MHG., ganster, 
a spark]. A very hard silicious fire-clay forming the 
floor of coal-seams in Yorkshire and Lancashire, 
England, g. disease, the formation of fibroid tissue 
in the lungs, occurring in ganister miners and grinders, 
from the irritation pioduced by breathing the fine 
dust. 

ganjah (gan'-jah). SeeGunjah. 

Gant's line [Frederick James Gant, English sur- 
geon]. An imaginary line below the greater tro- 
chanter, serving as a guide in section of the femur. 
G.'s operation, for ankylosis of the hip-joint: division 
of the shaft of the femur just below the lesser tro- 
chanter. 

gap. A cleft, fissure, or opening, g., Boch- 
dalek's. See under Bochdalek. 

gape (gap). To yawn; the act of yawning. 

gapes (gaps). A disease of young fowls, caused 
by the presence of a nematode worm, Syngamus 
trachealis, in the trachea. 

gaps, cranial (gapz). Certain occasional con- 
genital fissures of the skull. 

garantose (gar'-an-tos). Saccharin. 

garbage (gar'-baj). The refuse materials of 
kitchen-cookery, etc. g.-furnace, a furnace in use 
in cities and towns to consume the waste material 
of the place. 

garbled (gar'-bld) [OF., garbeler, to inspect closely]. 
Applied to crude drugs which have been separated 
from worthless material and made ready for market. 

Garcinia (gar-sin'-e-ah) [Laurent Garcin, French 
botanist, 1752- ]. A genus of guttiferous trees 
of old-world tropical regions . G. hanburii, G. mor ella, 
G. pictoria, and G. travancorica afford gamboge. G. 
mangostana yields the palatable fruit called mango- 
steen. 

gardenin (gar-de'-nin). A compound, C23H30O10, 
obtained from Gardenia lucida. 

Gardiner-Brown's test. In labyrinthine disease 
the patient ceases to hear the sound of a tuning-fork 
placed upon the vertex from half a second to several 
seconds before the examiner ceases to feel its vibra- 
tions. 

Garel's sign, Garel-Burger's sign (gar-el') [Jean 
Garel, French physician, 1852- ]. Luminous 
perception by the eye of the sound side only when 
an electric light is placed in the buccal cavity; it is 
observed in empyema of the antrum of Highmore. 

gargarism, gargarisma (gar'-gar-izm, gar-gar-iz'- 
mah) [yapyapiafios, a gargling: pi., gargarismata]. 
A gargle or throat wash. 

garget (gar'-gel) [ME., gargat, the throat]. 1. A 
swelling of the throat in swine or cattle. 2. A 
knotty condition of the udder in cows, attended 
with inflammation. Syn., mammitis; weed. 

gargle (gar'-gl) [OF., gargouiller, to gargle]. 1. A 
solution for rinsing the pharynx and nasopharynx. 
2. To rinse the pharynx and nasopharynx. 

Garland's S-curve (gar' -land) [George Minot 
Garland, American physician, 1848- ]. See 
Ellis' sign. 

garlic (gar'-lik). See allium. 

garofen (gar'-o-fen). A vegetable analgesic and 
antipyretic intended as a substitute for morphine 
and acetanilide. 

Garrod's test for hematoporphyrin in the urine 
(gar'-od) [Sir Alfred Baring Garrod, English physician, 
1819-1907.] Add to 100 Cc. of urine 20 Cc. of a. 



GARROT 



383 



GASTRITIS 



io % solution of caustic soda and filter. To the 
filtrate, thoroughly washed in water, add absolute 
alcohol and enough hydrochloric acid to dissolve 
perfectly the precipitate. Spectroscopic examina- 
tion may now be made of the solution for the two 
absorption bands characteristic of hematoporphyrin. 
G.'s test for uric acid in the blood, to 30 Cc. of 
serum add 0.5 Cc. of acetic acid, and immerse a fine 
thread. The thread becomes incrusted with uric- 
acid crystals. This is obtained especially in gout, 
but also in leukemia and chlorosis. 

garrot (gar'-ot) [Ft., garroter, to bind]. An instru- 
ment for compression of an artery by twisting a 
circular bandage about the part. 

garroting (gar-ot'-ing) [Sp., garrote, strangulation 
by means of an iron collar]. In forensic medicine, 
a term used in England to signify the forcible com- 
pression of a victim's neck by robbers or other 
criminals. 

garrulitas vulvae (gar-oo'-li-tas vul'-vee) [L.]. The 
noisy expulsion of gas from the vagina. 

garrulity (gar-oo'-lit-e) [garrire, to prattle]. Talk- 
ativeness, g. of the vulva. See garrulitas vulv<z. 

Gartner's canal, G.'s duct {gart'-ner) [Herman 
Treschow Gartner, Danish anatomist, 1785-1827]. 
A tube extending from the broad ligament to the 
walls of the uterus and vagina during intrauterine 
life; it is a vestige of the main portion of the Wolffian 
duct. G.'s cyst. A cystic tumor developed from 
Gartner's duct. 

gas [a word coined by the Belgian chemist, van 
Helmont; it was suggested by xa-os, chaos]. An 
air like fluid. The word is especially applied to those 
fluids that, under normal conditions, are aeriform; 
while those that can be readily condensed to liquids 
are termed vapors, g., Clayton's, sulphurous acid 
gas generated by means of the Clayton furnace, for 
disinfection and for destroying rats and other vermin. 
g.-eye, a peculiar disease prevalent among the 
employes of the gas pumping stations in the natural 
gas regions of the United States. The eyes are 
inflamed, tender, and sensitive to light, g., laughing, 
nitrous oxide, g., marsh-, methane, g., defiant, 
ethylene, g., permanent, a term formerly applied 
to those gases, as oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, that 
were thought to be nonliquefiable. g., phlogisticated, 
nitrogen, g., sewer, the mixture of gases and 
vapors which emanate from a sewer. 

Gascoigne's ball (gas'-koyn). Pulverized oriental 
bezoar formed into balls. 

gaseous (gas'-e-us). Of the nature of a gas. 

gaskaral-H (gas'-kar-al). A proprietary astringent 
and diuretic remedy. Dose if-2 oz. (50-60 Cc.) 
of the infusion (1 : 20). Syn., aghara. 

Gaskell's bridge (gas'-kel) [Walter Holbrook 
Gaskell, English physiologist, 1847-19 14]. The 
atrioventricular bundle. 

gasolene (gas'-o-len) [gas]. Canadol. A product 
obtained from petroleum, boiling at 70 to 90 ° C; 
specific gravity, .660 to .690, or 8o° to 75 B. It is 
used in the extraction of oils from oil-seeds and in 
carburetting coal-gas. 

gasometer (gas-om'-et-ur) [gas; pkrpov, a measure]. 
A device for estimating the amount of gas present. 

gasometric (gas-o-mei'-rik). Relating to the 
measurement of gases. 

gasometry (gas-om'-et-re). See analysis, gasometric. 

gasp. To catch for breath. To breathe spas- 
modically with open mouth. 

gassed (gasd). Overcome by noxious gas, as by 
chlorine. 

gasserectomy (gas-er-ek'-to-me) [Gasserian ganglion ; 
iKTonTi, excision]. Excision of the Gasserian ganglion. 

Gasserian (gas-e'-re-an) [referring to Achilles 
Pirminius Gasserius, German surgeon, 1 505-1 577]. 
G. artery. 1. A branch given off by the internal 
carotid to the Gasserian ganglion. 2. A branch of 
the middle meningeal artery to the Gasserian gan- 
glion. G. fontanel. See fontanel, Casson's. G. 
ganglion, the ganglion of the sensory root of- the 
fifth cranial nerve. See ganglion, Gasserian. 

gaster (gas'-ter) [yaarrip, stomach]. The stomach; 
the abdomen. 

gasteralgia (gas-ter-al'-je-ah) . See gastralgia. 

gasterangiemphraxis (gas-ler-an-je-em-fraks'-is) 
[gaster; hyyelov, vessel; ep.<ppa£t.s, obstruction]. 

1. Congestion of the stomachic blood-vessels. 

2. Pyloric obstruction. 

gasterasthenia (gas-ler-as-the'-ne-ah). See gas- 
trasthenia. 



gasterataxia (gas-ter-at-aks'-e-ah). See gastro- 
ataxia. 

gasterechema (gas-ter-ek-e'-mah) [gaster; vxv^o-> 
sound]. A sound heard in the auscultation of the 
stomach. 

gasteremphraxis (gas-ter-em-fraks'-is). 1. See 
gasterangiemphraxis (2). 2. Overdistention of the 
stomach. 

gasterhysterotomy (gas-ter-his-ter-ot'-o-me). See 
gastrohysterotomy. 

gasteric (gas-ter'-ik) . Same as gastric. 

gasterin {gas'-ter -in). A preparation of the gastric 
juice of dogs; it is used as is pepsin. 

gastero- (gas'-ter-o-) [gaster]. See gastro-. 

Gastou's syndrome (gas-too). Anesthetic prurigo, 
sometimes observed in cases of alcoholism. 

gastradenitis (gas-trad-en-i'-lis) . See gaslroadenitis. 

gastraemia (gas-tre'-me-ah). See gastremia. 

gastral (gas'-tral) [gaster]. Pertaining to the gaster 
or stomach; gastric. 

gastralgia (gas-tral'-je-ah) [gastro-; a\yos, pain]. 
Paroxysmal pain in the stomach. 

gastralgokenosis (gas-tral-go-ken-o'-sis) [gastro- ; 
a\yos, pain; icevos, empty]. A sensory neurosis 
due to emptiness of the stomach. 

gastraneuria (gas-trah-nu'-re-ah) [gastro-; vevpov, 
a nerve]. Impaired or defective action of the 
nerves of the stomach. 

gastraneurysma (gas-tra-nu-riz'-mah) . See gastrec- 
tasis. 

gastrasthenia (gas-lras-the'-ne-ah) [gastro-; as- 
thenia]. Debility of the stomach. 

gastratrophia (gas-tra-tro'-fe-ah) [gastro-; arpcxpla, 
atrophy]. Atrophy of the stomach. 

gastrectasis, gastrectasia (gas-trek' -tas-is, gas-trek- 
ta'-ze-ah) [gastro-; iKTaais, a stretching out]. Dila- 
tation of the stomach. 

gastrectomy (gas-trek' -to-me) [gastro-; e/cro/^, a 
cutting out]. Excision of the whole or a part of the 
stomach. 

gastrelcobrosis (gas-trel-ko-bro'-sis) [gastro-; cXkos, 
ulcer; 0pwo is, an eating]. Ulceration of the stomach. 

gastrelcoma (gas-trel-ko'-mah) [gastro- IXkos, 
ulcer] A gastric ulcer. 

gastrelcosis (gas-trel-ko'-sis) [see gastrelcoma]. 
Ulceration of the stomach. 

gastremia (gas-tre'-me-ah) [gastro-; alp.a, blood]. 
Congestion of the coats of the stomach. 

gastrenteralgia (gas-tren-ter-al'-je-ah) [gastro-; 
evrepov, intestine; C1X70S, pain]. Neuralgia of the 
stomach and bowels. 

gastrenteromalacia (gas-tren-ter-o-mal-a'-se-ah) 

[gastro-; ivrepov, intestine; p.a\a.Kla, softening]. 
Softening of the stomach and intestines (asserted by 
some to be merely a post-mortem condition). 

gastric (gas'-trik) [yaar^p, stomach]. Pertaining 
to the stomach, g. artery. See under artery. 
g. crisis, a severe paroxysmal attack of pain in the 
stomach, accompanied by obstinate vomiting, 
occurring in the course of locomotor ataxia, g. ferer, 
acute gastritis, g. juice, the secretion of the glands 
of the stomach. It is a clear, colorless liquid, having 
an acid reaction and a specific gravity of 1002.5, 
and containing 5 % of solid matter. A small 
amount — 0.2 to 0.4 % — of hydrochloric acid and a 
ferment called pepsin are the essential elements. It 
digests proteids and precipitates the casein of milk, 
g. juice, psychic, Pawlow's term for the gastric juice 
caused to be secreted by simply showing food to 
hungry animals, g. secretion, same as gastrin, q. v. 

gastricism (gas'-lris-izm) [gaster]. 1. The theory 
that ascribes most diseases to some gastric derange- 
ment. 2. A gastric disorder. 

gastrin (gas-trin) [gaster]. A hormone, made in 
the pyloric glands of the stomach, and supposed to 
excite secretion of the fundus cells. 

gastritic (gas-trit'-ik) [gaster]. Pertaining to or 
affected with gastritis. 

gastritis (gas-tri'-tis) [gastro-; ins, inflammation]. 
Inflammation of the stomach. It may be acute or 
chronic, catarrhal, suppurative or phlegmonous, or 
diphtheritic, g., atrophic, a chronic form with atrophy 
of the mucous membrane, g., croupous, g., diph- 
theritic, g. membranacea, a rare form, characterized 
by formation of a false membrane and necrotic 
hyaline products upon the mucosa. It may occur 
as an extension of pharyngeal diphtheria or secondary 
to other infectious diseases, g., hypertrophic, the 
early stage of chronic gastritis, in which there is a 
hyperplasia of the mucous membrane, g., phleg- 



GASTRO- 



384 



GASTROHYSTEROPEXY 



monous, g., purulent, g. submucosa, g., suppurative, 

acute interstitial suppurative inflammation of the 
stomach-walls; it occurs as a circumscribed abscess 
or as a diffuse purulent infiltration, g., polypous, 
g. polyposa, a form of chronic gastritis characterized 
by a great overgrowth of the connective tissue of the 
organ, giving rise to polypoid projections of fibrous 
tissue covered by epithelium, g., pseudomembran- 
ous, a form in which patches of false membrane occur 
in the stomach, g., toxic, g. venenata, acute gastric 
inflammation due to the ingestion of poisonous or 
corrosive substances. 

gastro- (gas-tro-) [yao-rijp, stomach]. A. prefix 
denoting relation to the stomach. 

gastroadenitis (gas-tro-ad-en-i'-tis) [gastro-; &8rji>, 
gland; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the 
glands of the stomach. 

gastroadynamic (gas-tro-ah-din-am'-ik) [gastro-; 
&5vvap.os, without strength]. Marked by gastric 
symptoms and prostration. 

gastroanastomosis (gas-tro-an-as-to-mo'-sis) [gas- 
tro-; anastomosis]. In hour-glass contraction, the 
formation of a communication between the two 
pouches of the stomach. Syn., gastr ogastr ostomy . 

gastroataxia (gas-tro-ah-taks'-e-ah) [gastro-; ara^la, 
disorder]. Disordered state of the functions of the 
stomach; that state of the stomach-walls in which 
some parts are hardened or thickened, while others 
are softened or inflamed. 

gastroataxic (gas-tro-ah-taks'-ik). Characterized 
by gastric symptoms and ataxia. 

gastr oatonia (gas-tro-at-o'-ne-ah). Atonic dyspepsia. 

gastroblennorrhea (gas-tro-blen-or-e'-ah) . An ex- 
cessive formation of mucus in the stomach. 

gastrobrosis (gas-tro-bro'-sis) [gastro-; /Spwcns, a 
gnawing]. Perforating ulcer of the stomach. 

gastrocele (gas'-tro-sel) [gastro-; (07X??, hernia]. A 
hernia of the stomach. 

gastrocnemius (gas-trok-ne'-me-us). See under 
muscle. 

gastrocolic (gas-tro-kol'-ik) [gastro-; k6\ov, the 
colon]. Pertaining to the stomach and the colon. 
g. omentum, the great omentum. 

gastrocolitis (gas-tro-ko-li'-tis) [gastro-; k6\oi>, the 
colon; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the 
stomach and colon. 

gastrocoloptosis (gas-tro-kol-op-to'sis)[gastro-; k6\ov, 
the colon; ptosis]. A prolapse or downward displace- 
ment of the stomach and colon. 

gastrocolostomy (gas-tro-ko-los'-to-me) [gastro- ; 
koXov, the colon; arbp.a, mouth]. The formation of 
a fistula between the stomach and colon. 

gastrocolotomy (gas-tro-ko-lot'-o-me) [gastro-; koXov, 
colon; Tkfxveiv, to cut], i. Gastrocolostomy. 2. In- 
cision into stomach and colon. 

gastrocolpotomy (gas-tro-kol-pot'-o-me) [gastro- ; 
kSXttos, vagina; rkpweiv, to cut]. The operation of 
cesarean section in which the opening is made through 
the linea alba into the upper part of the vagina. 

gastrocystis (gas-tro-sis'-tis) [gastro-; Kvans, blad- 
der]. In biology, the single-layered blastodermic 
vesicle of mammals. 

gastrodialysis (gas-tro-di-al'-is-is) [gastro-; SiaXvcns, 
a loosening]. A solution of continuity in the gastric 
wall. 

gastrodiaphane (gas-tro-di'-af-an) [gastro-; Sla, 
through; <f>aiveiv, to show]. An electric apparatus 
for illuminating the interior of the stomach so that 
its outlines can be seen through the abdominal wall. 

gastrodiaphanoscopy (gas-tro-di-af-an-os'-ko-pe) 
[gastro-; 8La, through; <f>aivet.v, to show; onoirelv, 
to inspect]. The examination of the stomach by 
means of the diaphanoscope; gastrodiaphany. 

gastrodiaphany (gas-tro-di-af -an-e) [see gastro- 
diaphane]. A method of exploration of the stomach 
by means of an electric lamp. 

gastrodidymus (gas-tro-did'-im-us) [gastro-; 8l8vp.os, 
double]. A double monster with one abdominal 
cavity. 

Gastrodiscus hominis {gas-tro-dis' -kus hom'-in-is) 
[gastro-; 8l<rnos, a disc; hominis, of man]. A rare 
trematode worm; same as Amphistoma hominis. 

gastroduodenal (gas-tro-du-od'-en-al) [gastro-; duo- 
denum]. Pertaining to the stomach and thn duo- 
denum. 

gastroduodenitis (gas-tro-du-od-en-i'-tis) [gastro- ; 
duodenum; i-m, inflammation]. Inflammation of the 
stomach and duodenum. 

gastroduodenostomy (gas-tro-du-od-en-os'-lo-me) 
[gastro-; duodenum; arona, mouth]. The surgical 



formation of a fistula between the stomach and 
duodenum. 

gastrodynia (gas-tro-din'-e-ah) [gastro-; 68vv V , 
pain]. Pain in the stomach. 

gastroectasis (gas-tro-ek'-tas-is). Same as gastr ec- 
tasis. 

gastroelytrotomy {gas-tro-el-it-rot'-o-nie). See gas- 
trocolpotomy. 

gastroenteralgia (gas-tro-en-ier-al'-je-ah) [gastro-; 
evrepov, bowel; akyos, pain]. Pain in the stomach 
and bowel. 

gastroenteric (gas-tro-en-ter'-ik) [gastro-; evrepov, 
bowel]. Pertaining to both stomach and bowel. 

gastroenteritis (gas-tro-en-ter-i'-tis) [gastro-; tvrepov, 
bowel; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of stomach 
and bowel. 

gastroenteroanastomosis (gas-tro-en-ler-o-an-as- to- 
mo'-sis). Anastomosis between the intestine and the 
stomach. 

gastroenterocolitis (gas-tro-en-ter-o-kol-i'-tis) [gas- 
tro-; tvrepov, bowel; ko\ov, colon; ins, inflammation]. 
Combined inflammation of the stomach, small 
intestine, and colon. 

gastroenterocolostomy (gas-tro-en-ter-o-ko-los' -to- 
me). The formation of a passage between the 
stomach, small intestine, and colon. 

gastroenterology (gas-tro-en-ter-ol'-o-je) ' [gastro-; 
evrepov, intestine; X670S, treatise]. The study of 
the stomach and intestine and their diseases. 

gastroenteropathy (gas-tro-en-ter-op'-ath-e) [gas- 
tro-; evrepov, bowel; irados, disease]. Any disease 
affecting the stomach and intestine. 

gastroenteroplasty (gas-tro-en'-ter-o-plas-te) . Com- 
bined gastroplasty and enteroplasty. 

gastroenteroptosis (gas-tro-en-ter-op-to'-sis) [gastro-; 
evrepov, bowel; irrGiavs, falling]. Prolapse of the 
stomach and intestine. 

gastroenterostomy (gas-tro-en-ter-os'-to-me) [gas- 
tro-; evrepov, bowel; arop-a, mouth]. The formation 
of a communication between the stomach and the 
small intestine. 

gastroenterotomy (gas-tro-en-ter-ot'-o-me) [gastro-; 
evrepov, bowel; rkp.veiv, to cut]. Incision of the 
intestine through the abdominal wall. 

gastroepiploic (gas-tro-ep-ip-lo'-ik) [gastro-; eirl- 
irXoov, caul]. Pertaining to the stomach and omen- 
tum. 

gastroesophageal (gas-tro-e-so-faj'-e-al) [gastro- ; 
esophagus]. Pertaining to both the stomach and the 
esophagus. 

gastroesophagitis, gastro oesophagitis (gas-tro-e-sof- 
aj-i'-tis). Combined inflammation of the stomach 
and the esophagus. 

gastrofaradization (gas-tro-far-ad-iz-a'-shun). The 
application of faradism to the stomach. 

gastrogalvanization (gas-tro-gal-van-iz-a'-shun) . 

The application of galvanism to the stomach. 

gastrogastrostomy (gas-tro-gas-tros'-to-me) . The 
same as gastroanastomosis. 

gastrograph (gas'-tro-graf) [gastro-; -ypa(j>eiv, to 
write]. An apparatus for registering the peristaltic 
movements of the stomach from the outside. Syn., 
gastrokinesograph. 

gastrohelcoma (gas-tro-hel-ko'-mah). See gastr el- 
coma. 

gastrohelcosis (gas-tro-hel-ko'-sis). See gastr el- 
cosis. 

gastrohepatic (gas-tro-he-pat'-ik) [gastro-; rjirap, the 
liver]. Relating to the stomach and liver. 

gastrohepatitis (gas-iro-hep-at-i'-tis) [gastro-; hep- 
atitis]. Gastritis and hepatitis occurring simul- 
taneously. 

gastrohyperneuria, gastrohypernervia (gas-tro-hi- 
per-nii'-re-ah, -ner'-ve-ah) [gastro-; vwep, over; 
vevpov, a nerve]. Morbid activity of the nerves of 
the stomach. Syn., gastryperneuria. 

gastrohypertonic (gas-tro-hi-per-ton'-ik) [gastro- ; 
v-n-ep, over; rbvos, tone]. Relating to morbid or 
excessive tonicity or irritability of the stomach. 

gastrohyponeuria, gastrohyponervia (gas-tro-hi-po- 
nu'-re-ah, -ner'-ve-ah) [gastro-; inro, under; vevpov, a 
nerve]. Defective activity of the nerves of the 
stomach. Syn., gastryponeuria. 

gastrohysterectomy (gas-tro-his-ter-ek'-to-me) [gas- 
tro-; hysterectomy]. Removal of the uterus through 
the abdominal wall. 

gastrohysteropexy (gas-tro-his'-ter-o-peks-e) [gas- 
tro-; vo-repa, the uterus; 7r^is, a fastening]. Ab- 
dominal fixatio a of the uterus by a surgical opera- 
tion. 



GASTROHYSTERORRHAPHY 



385 



GASTROTRACHELOTOMY 



gastrohysterorrhaphy (gas-tro-his-ter-or'-af-e). See 
hysteropexy. 

gastrohysterotomy (gas-tro-his-ter-ot'-o-me) [gas- 
tro-; ixrrkpa, the uterus; rkptveiv, to. cut]. Incision 
of the uterus through the abdominal wall, usually 
for the purpose of removing a fetus; cesarean section. 

gastroid (gas'-troid) [gastro-; eUos, likeness]. 
Like a stomach. 

gastrointestinal {gas-tro-in-tes'-tin-al). See gastro- 
enteric. 

gastrojejunostomy (gas-tro-jej-u-nos'-to-me) [gas- 
tro-; jejunum; vrofia, mouth]. The formation of a 
passage from the stomach to the jejunum. 

gastrokinesograph, gastrokynesograph (gas-tro- 
kin-es' -o-graf) . See gastrograph. 

gastrolavage (gas-tro-lav-ahzh') [gastro-; lavage]. 
Washing out of the stomach. 

gastrolienal {gas-tro-W -en-al) . See gastrosplenic. 

gastrolith (gas'-tro-lith) [gastro-; \idos, a stone]. 
A calcareous formation in the stomach. 

gastrolithiasis (gas-tro-lith-i'-as-is) [gastrolith]. A 
morbid condition associated with the formation of 
gastroliths. 

gastrologist (gas-trol'-o-jist) [see gastrology]. A 
specialist in gastric disorders. 

gastrology (gas-trol'-o-je) [gastro-; XSyos, science], 
i. A treatise on the stomach. 2. The sum of 
knowledge regarding the stomach and its diseases. 

gastrolysis (gas-trol'-is-is) [gastro-; Xwris, a loosen- 
ing]. The breaking-up of adhesions between the 
stomach and adjacent organs. 

gastromalacia (gas-tro-mal-a'-she-ah) [gastro- ; 
fiaXaida, softening]. An abnormal softening of the 
walls of the stomach. 

gastromalacosis, gastromalaxia (gas-tro-mal-ak-o' - 
sis, gas-tro-mal-aks' -e-ah) . See gastromalacia. 

gastromegaly (gas-tro-meg'-al-e) [gastro-; fieydXri, 
large]. Abnormal enlargement of the stomach. 

gastromelus (gas-trom'-el-us) [gastro-; fikXos, a 
limb]. A monster with accessory limbs attached to 
the abdomen. 

gastromenia (gas-tro-me'-ne-ah) [gastro-; pltjv, 
month]. Vicarious menstruation by the stomach. 

gastrometritis (gas-tro-me-tri'-tis) [gastro- ; metritis]. 
Gastritis concurrent with metritis. 

gastrometrotomy (gas-tro-met-rot' -o-me) . See lap- 
arohysterotomy. 

gastromucous (gas-tro-mu'-kus) . Characterized by, 
gastric disturbance -and abnormal secretion of mucus. 

gastromycosis (gas-tro-mi-ko'-sis) [gastro-; pOkijs 
fungus]. Gastric disease due to invasion of fungi. 

gastromyeloma (gas-tro-mi-e-lo'-mah) [gastro-; my- 
eloma]. A medullary sarcoma of the stomach. 

gastromyxin {gas-tro-miks'-in). A proprietary 
preparation of pepsin. 

gastromyxorrhea (gas-tro-miks-or-e'-ah) [gastro- ; 
nv£a, mucus; pola, flow]. Excessive secretion of 
mucus by the stomach. 

gastronephritis (gas-tro-nef-ri'-tis). Simultaneous 
inflammation of the stomach and kidneys. 

gastronesteostomy {gas-tro-nes-te-os' -to-me) . See 
gastrojejunostomy. 

gastroneuria, gastronervia {gas-tro-nu'-re-ah, -ner'- 
ve-ah) [gastro-; veiipov, nerve]. The action of the 
nerves of the stomach. 

gastro-omental (gas-tro-o-men'-tal). See gastro- 
epiploic. 

gastropancreatic (gas-tro-pan-kre-at'-ik). Both 

gastric and pancreatic. 

gastropancreatitis (gas-tro-pan-kre-at-i'-tis). Simul- 
taneous inflammation of the stomach and pancreas. 

gastroparalysis (gas-tro-par-al'-is-is) [gastro-; par- 
alysis]. Paralysis of the stomach. 

gastroparietal (gas-tro-pa-ri'-et-al) [gastro-; pari- 
etal]. 1. Relating to the stomach-wall. 2. Relating 
to the stomach and the abdominal wall. 

gastropathy (gas-trop'-ath-e) [gastro-; iraBos, dis- 
ease]. Any disease or disorder of the stomach. 

gastroperiodynia (gas-tro-per-e-o-din'-e-ah) [gas- 
tro-; 7T€pto5os, period; bbvvi), pain]. Periodic gastralgia. 

gastroperitonitis (.gas-tro-per-il-on-i'-tis). Simul- 
taneous inflammation of the stomach and peritoneum. 

gastropexis, gastropexy (gas-tro-peks'-is, gas'-tro- 
peks-e) [gastro-; vrfcis, a fixing]. The fixation of a 
displaced stomach in its normal position by suturing 
it to the abdominal wall. 

gastrophore (gas'-tro-for) [gastro-; <j>opos, bearing]. 
An appliance for fixing the stomach during operations 
upon that organ. 

gastrophrenic (gas-lro-fren'-ik) [gastro-; 4>pr\v, 
14 



diaphragm]. Relating to the stomach and dia- 
phragm. 

gastroplasty {gas-tro-plas'-te) [gastro-; TrXdavnv, 
to form]. Plastic operation on the stomach. 

gastroplegia (gas-tro- pie' -j e-ah) [gastro-; -trX-nyr), 
stroke]. Paralysis of the stomach. 

gastroplicatiou (gas-tro-pli-ka'-shun) [gastro-; pli- 
care, to fold]. An operation for relief of chronic 
dilation of the stomach, consisting in suturing a large 
horizontal fold in the stomach-wall. 

gastropneumonic (gas-tro-nu-mon'-ik). 1. Per- 
taining to the stomach and the lungs. 2. See 
pneumogastric. 

gastroptosia, gastroptosis (gas-trop-to'-ze-ah, gas- 
trop-to'-sis) [gastro-; ptosis]. A prolapse or down- 
ward displacement of the stomach. 

gastroptyxis, gastroptyxy (gas-trop-tiks'-is, gas'- 
irop-tiks-e) [gastro-; irr^is, a folding]. In gastric 
dilatation, an operation to reduce the size of the 
stomach. 

gastropulmonary (gas-tro-pul'-mon-a-re). See pneu- 
mogastric. 

gastropylorectomy (gas-tro-pi-lor-ek' -to-me) [gas- 
tro-; pylorus; kKrop.i\, excision]. Excision of the 
pyloric portion of the stomach. 

gastropyloric (gas-tro-pi-lor'-ik). Relating to the 
stomach and the pylorus. 

gastrorrhagia (gas-tro-ra'-je-ah) [gastro-; prjypwai, 
to break forth]. Hemorrhage from the stomach. 

gastrorrhaphy (gas-tror'-a-je) [gastro-; paQ-q, su- 
ture]. 1. Suture of a wound of the stomach or 
abdominal wall. 2. See gastroplication. 

gastrorrhea (gas-tror-e'-ah) [gastro-; pola, a flow]. 
Excessive secretion of gastric mucus or of gastric 
juice. 

gastrorrhexis (gas-tror-eks'-is) [gastro-; prj£is, a 
breaking]. Rupture of the stomach. 

gastrosan (gas'-tro-san) . Trade name of a prepara- 
tion containing bismuth disalicylate. 

gastroschisis (gas-tros' -kis-is) [gastro-; <rxtVis, 
cleft]. A congenital malformation in which the 
abdomen remains open. 

gastroscope (gas'-tro-skop) [gastro-; o-Koirelv, to 
see]. An instrument for examining the interior of 
the stomach. 

gastroscopy (gas-tros'-ko-pe) [see gastroscope]. The 
inspection of the interior of the stomach by means 
of the gastroscope. 

gastrosia (gas-tro' -ze-ah). See gastroxia. 

gastrosis (gas-tro' -sis) [gastro-; vbaos, disease: 
pi., gastroses], A general term for any disease of the 
abdomen or of the stomach only. 

gastrospasm (gas'-tro-spazm). A spasm of the 
stomach. 

gastrosplenic (gas-tro-splen'-ik) [gastro-; spleen]. 
Relating to the stomach and the spleen. 

gastrostaxis (gas-tro-staks'-is) [gastro-; ara^is, an 
oozing]. The oozing of blood from the mucous 
membrane of the stomach. 

gastrostegous (gas-tros'-te-gus) [gastro-; arkyos, a 
roof]. Covering the stomach. 

gastrostenosis (gas-tro-ste-no'-sis) [gastro-; stenosis]. 
A narrowing or stricture of the stomach. 

gastrostomize {gas-tros' -to-miz) . To perform 
gastrostomy upon- to make a gastric fistula. 

gastrostomosis (gas-tros-to-mo'-sis). Same as 
gastrostomy. 

gastrostomy (gas-tros' -to-me) [gastro-; a T 6p.a, 
mouth]. The establishing of a fistulous opening 
into the stomach. 

gastrosuccorrhea, gastrosuccorrhoea (gas-tro-suk- 
or-e'-ah) [gastro-; succus, juice; poLa, a flow]. Hyper- 
secretion of the gastric juice, Reichmann's disease. 
gastrosuccorrhoea mucosa, an excessive secretion of 
mucus by the gastric mucosa. 

gastrothoracic (gas-tro-tho-ras'-ik). Pertaining both 
to the abdomen and the thorax. 

gastrothoracodidymus (gas-tro-tho-rak-o-did'-im- 
us) [gastro-; thorax; SiSvpins, a twin]. A double 
monster united at the thorax and abdomen. 

gastrotome (gas'-tro-tom) [gastro-; tow, a cutting]. 
A cutting instrument used in gastrotomy. 

gastrotomy {gas-trot' -o-me) [see gastrotome]. In- 
cision of the abdomen or the stomach. 

gastrotoxin (gas-tro-toks' -in) [gastro-; toxin]. A 
cytotoxin which has a specific action on the cells 
lining the stomach. 

gastrotrachelotomy (gas-tro-tra-kel-ot'-o-me) [gas- 
tro-; rpdxvXos, neck; rkpveiv, to cut]. An operation 
differing from cesarean section only in that the 



GASTROTUBOTOM Y . 



386 



GELLE'S TEST 



uterus is opened by a transverse incision of the cervix. 

gastrotubotomy (gas-lro-iu-bot'-o-me). See laparo- 
salpingotomy. 

gastrotympanites (gas-tro-tim-pan-i'-tez). Gaseous 
distention of the stomach. 

gastroxia, gastroxynsis (gas-troks'-e-ah, gas-troks- 
in'-sis) [gastro-; 6£6s, acid]. Excessive, secretion of 
hydrochloric acid by the stomach, a condition that 
characterizes a form of dyspepsia, g. fungosa, that 
in which the organic acids are due to mold-vegetation 
in the stomach. 

gastrozymase (gas-tro-zi-mds) [gastro-; zymase]. 
The gastric juice of the pig, obtained from the living 
animal and carefully dried. 

gastrula (gas'-troo-lah) [yacrTTjp, stomach]. The 
embryo at that stage of its development when it 
consists of two cellular layers formed by the invagi- 
nation of the blastula- 

gastrulation (gas-troo-la'-shun) [gastrula]. The 
process of formation of the gastrula by the invagina- 
tion of the blastula. 

gastrypalgia (gas-trip-aV -je-ah) [70.0-7-170, stomach; 
biro, under; a\yos, pain]. Slight gastralgia. 

gastrypectasia, gastrypectasis (gas-trip-ek-ta'-ze-ah, 
-ek'-ta-sis) [yaarijp, stomach; virb, under; l/crewm, a 
stretching]. Slight distention of the stomach. 

gastryperneuria (gas-trip-er-nu'-re-ah). See gastro- 
hyperneuria. ■ 

gastryperpathia (gas-trip-er-path'-e-ah) [gastro-; 
birkp, over; it ados, a disease]. Any severe disease of 
the stomach. 

gastryponeuria (gas-trip-o-nu'-re-ah). See gastro- 
hyponeuria. 

gathering. A collection of pus beneath the surface. 

gatism (gah'-tizm) [Fr., gatisme, incontinence of 
feces]. Rectal or vesical incontinence. 

Gaucher's disease (go-sha'). An affection de- 
scribed by Gaucher as "primary epithelioma of the 
spleen," but probably identical with splenic anemia. 

gaultherase {gawl'-ther-as). An enzyme found in 
the bark of Betula lenta, in the leaves and berries of 
Gaultheria procumbens, in the root of Spiraea ulmaria, 
and in several species of Polygala. It effects the 
hydrolysis of gaultherin, forming methyl-salicylic 
acid and glucose. 

gaultheria {gawl-the'-re-ah). The plant, G. pro- 
cumbens, the leaves of which yield a volatile oil. 
g., oil of (oleum gaultheria, U. S. P.), contains oo % 
of methyl salicylate, and is used in acute rheumatism 
and as a local antiseptic. Dose 3-10 min. (0.2- 
0.65 Cc). g., oil of, synthetic. See methyl salicylate. 
g., spirit of (spiritus gaultheria, U. S. P.), consists of 
oil of gaultheria, 5; alcohol, 95 parts. It is used 
chiefly as a flavoring agent. Dose 10-20 min. 
(0.65-1.3 Cc). Syn., teaberry; winter green. 

gaultherin (gawl'-ther-in). 1. A glucoside obtained 
from the bark of the black birch (Betula lenta), 
which, by the action of alkali, is converted into an 
oil almost identical with the volatile oil of winter- 
green. 2. A sodium salt of methyl salicylate (arti- 
ficial oil of wintergreen) in a nearly pure condition. 

gaultherolin (gawl-ther' -ol-in). Methyl salicylate. 

gaultheromenthol (gawl-ther -o-men'-thol) . Trade 
name for a preparation containing chloroform lini- 
ment and wintergreen oil. 

gauntlet (gawnt'-let or gahnt'-let) [OF., gantelet, 
dim. of gant, a glove]. A bandage that covers the 
hand and fingers like a glove. 

Gautier's test for carbon monoxide (go'-te-a). 
Carbon monoxide has the power of decomposing iodic 
anhydride and forming CO2, the iodine being liberated 
and absorbed by copper. It is employed by Niclaux 
to show normal presence of carbon monoxide in blood. 

gauze (gawz) [so called because first imported from 
Gaza in Syria]. A thin, open-meshed cloth used for 
surgical dressings. When impregnated with anti- 
septic substances, it is called antiseptic gauze, or, 
according to the substance used, it is spoken of as 
iodoform gauze, sublimate gauze, etc. 

gavage (gav-ahzh) [Fr.]. The administration of 
liquid nourishment through the stomach-tube. 

Gavard's muscle (gav-ar') [Hyacinthe Gavard, 
French anatomist, 1753-1802]. The oblique muscular 
fibers of the walls of the stomach. 

Gayet's disease (ga-ya) [Prudent Gayet, French 
surgeon]. A rare and fatal form of narcolepsy 
somewhat resembling the African sleeping-sickness. 

Gay Lussac's law (ga lu-sak') [Louis Joseph Gay 
Lussac, French chemist, 1778-1850]. Same as 
Charles' law q. v. 



Gd. Chemical symbol of gadolinium. 

Ge. Chemical symbol of germanium. 

Geber's glomerules (ga'-ber glom'-er-ul). The 
convolutions of the terminal branches of the nerves 
supplying the epithelial lining of the mouth, 

(von) Gebhart's test for glucose. To 10 or 15 
drop^ of urine add 10 Cc. of water , and a tablet 
containing sodium carbonate and orthonitrophenyl- 
propionic acid; warm carefully for 2 or 4 minutes, 
and if sugar is present, the mixture becomes greenish 
and then dark indigo-blue. 

Gegenbauer's cells (ga'-gen-bow-er) [Carl Gegen- 
bauer, German anatomist, 1826-1903]. Osteoblasts. 

Geigelte reflex (gi'-gel) [Richard Geigel, German 
physician, 1859- ]. The inguinal reflex in the 
female, corresponding to the cremasteric reflex in 
the male. 

geisoma, geison (gi-so'-mah, gi'-son) [yelaov, any- 
thing projecting]. The superciliary ridge of the 
frontal bone. 

Geissler's tube (gis'-ler) [Heinrich Geissler, German 
physicist, 1814-1879]- A glass tube having a piece 
of platinum wire sealed into it at each end., 

geissospermine or geissine (gi-so-sper'-min, or 
gi'-sin), C19H24N2O2+H2O. An alkaloid frOm the 
bark of Geissospermum Iceve; it is a depressant of the 
respiration and of the cardiac action, 

gel (jel). Graham's name for a colloid which is 
firm in consistence. 

gelante, gelanthum (jel-an'-te, jel-an'-thum). A 
mixture of gelatin, tragacanth, rose-water, and 
thymol recommended as an ointment-vehicle. 

gelasin (jel'-as-in). A preparation of agar-agar. 

gelasma, gelasmus (jel-az'-mah, jel-az'-mus) [717X00-- 
ixa, laughter, or gelasmus]. Insane or excessive or 
hysterical laughter. 

gelatification (jel-at-if-ik-a'-shun). 1. The pro- 
duction of gelatin. 2. See gelification. 

gelatin (jel'-at-in) [gelare, to congeal]. An albumi- 
noid substance of jelly-like consistence, obtained by 
boiling connective tissue in water, g., bone-, the 
gelatin extracted from osseous tissue, g. capsules, 
capsules of gelatin designed for containing medicines 
of nauseating taste, g. culture, a culture-medium for 
bacteria containing from 8 to 15 % of gelatin, in 
order to give it a solid consistence, g. disc, a disc of 
medicated gelatin used in ophthalmology, g., 
glycerinated (gelatinum glycerinatum, U. S. P.), a 
preparation of gelatin, glycerol, and water. Used 
as a vehicle for suppositories and bougies. v Syn., 
glycerin- jelly, g., medicated, gelatin discs or lamellae 
mixed with medicated substances. The gelatin 
lamella? of the British Pharmacopeia contain traces 
of alkaloids, for introduction into the conjunctival 
sac. They are dissolved by the tears, and the 
effects of the alkaloids are thus obtained, g. pep- 
tone, a substance produced by digesting gelatin. 
g. sugar. See glycocoll. 

gelatination (jel-at-in-a'-shun). See gelification. 

gelatiniferous (jel-at-in-if'-er-us) [gelatin; ferre, to 
bear]. Producing gelatin. 

gelatiniform (jel-at-in'-if-orm) [gelatin; forma, 
form]. Resembling gelatin, g. degeneration, waxy 
or lardaceous degeneration. 

gelatinize (jel-al'-in-iz) [gelatin]. To convert 
into a jelly-like mass. 

gelatinoid (jel-al'-in-oid) [gelatin; elSos, likeness]. 
1. Resembling gelatin. 2. Any member of a class of 
nitrogenous substances, including chondrin, collagen, 
elastin, gelatin, etc. 

gelatinosa (jel-at-in-o'-sah). Wilder's term for the 
substantia gelatinosa. 

gelatinous (jel-at'-in-us) [gelatin]. Resembling or 
having the nature of gelatin. 

gelatio (jel-a'-she-o) [L.]. Synonym of frostbite. 

gelation (jel-a'- shun) [gelatio, a freezing]. 1. Freez- 
ing; also frost-bite, or chilblain. 2. Catalepsy. 

gelatol (jel'-at-ol). An ointment-base consisting 
of a mixture of oil, glycerol, gelatin, and water. 

gelatose (jel'-a-tos). A product of the action of 
gastric juice on gelatin. It is capable of osmosis.* 
g. silver. See albargin. 

geld. To castrate. 

gelding (gel'-ding). 1. Castration. 2. A castrated 
person or animal. 

gelid (jel'-id) [gelidus, cold]. Ice-cold. 

gelification (jel-if-i-ka'-shun). Gelatinization; the 
conversion of a substance into a jelly-like mass. 
Syn., gelatination. 

Gelle's test (zjel-a') [Marie Ernest Gelle, French 



GELOSE 



387 



GENITAL 



aurist, 1834- ]. 1. The vibrations of a tuning- 
fork placed in contact with a rubber tube, the nozzle 
of which is inserted into the meatus, are distinctly 
perceived when the air is compressed by pressure 
upon the bulb attached to the tube. This does not 
occur when the chain of ossicles is diseased. 2. The 
air in the external auditory canal is compressed and a 
vibrating tuning-fork placed upon the vertex of the 
skull. In the normal ear the vibrations are dimin- 
ished. 

gelose {jel'-os) [gelare, to freeze]. 1. The gelatin- 
izing principle of agar. 2. A culture medium for 
bacteria. 

gelosin (jel'-o-si7i). A mucilage from Japanese 
alga. 

gelotherapy (Jel-o-ther'-ap-e) [yekav, to laugh; 
therapy). Treatment of disease by the induction of 
laughter. 

gelsemin (Jel'-sem-in) [gelsemium]. A resinoid 
from the root of Gelsemium sempervirens; it is anti- 
pyretic, antispasmodic, emmenagogue, and narcotic. 
Dose f-i gr. (0.008-0.065 Gm.). 

gelsemine (J el's em-en). A poisonous alkaloid, 
C12H14XO2, from gelsemium; it is sometimes employed 
locally in the eye for the production of mydriasis. 

gelseminine (jel-sem'-in-eri). An alkaloid of 
gelsemium. It is an amorphous yellowish-white, 
bitter, very poisonous powder, soluble in ether and 
chloroform, less so in alcohol and water. Dose gr. 

gelsemism (jel'-sem-izm). Poisoning from the 
use of Gelsemium sempervirens. In light cases it is 
marked by dizziness, ptosis, and weakness of the 
legs; in severe cases, by tremor, anesthesia, and 
dyspnea. 

gelsemium (jel-se'-me-um, jel-sem'-e-um) [gelse- 
minum, jasmine]. Yellow jasmine. The root of 
G. sempervirens, the properties of which are mainly 
due to a bitter alkaloid, gelsemine, C12H14NO2, a 
powerful motor depressant, antispasmodic, and dia- 
phoretic. In toxic doses it produces diplopia, 
extreme muscular weakness, and anesthesia, death 
occurring from asphyxia. Gelsemium is used in 
neuralgia, especially in migraine, in dysmenorrhea, 
hysteria, chorea, delirium tremens, and in malarial 
and typhoid fevers, g., fluidextract of (fiuidex- 
tr actum gelsemii, U. S. P.)- Dose 2-5 min. (0.13- 
0.3 Co), g., tincture of (tinctura gelsemii, U. S. P.). 
Dose 5— is min. (0.3-0.9 Co). 

gelsemiumism (Jel-sem'-e-um-izm). Habitual poi- 
soning with gelsemium. 

gelsemperin (jel-sem'-per-in). A preparation from 
Gelsemium sempervirens. Dose f-i gr. (0.008-0.065 
Gm.). 

Gely's suture (zja-le) [Jules Aristide Gely, French 
surgeon, 1806-1861]. An intestinal suture applied 
by a thread with a needle at each end. 

gemellary (Jem-el'-ar-e) [gemellus]. Relating to or 
like twins. 

gemelliparous (jem-el-ip'-ar-us) [gemellus; par ere, 
to bring forth]. Bearing twins. 

gemellus (Jem-el'-us) [dim. of geminus, a twin: 
pi., gemelli]. Applied to one of two muscles, gemellus 
superior and gemellus inferior; also to the gastrocne- 
mius muscle, on account of its two heads of origin. 
See muscles, table of. 

gemina (jem'-in-ah) [L. , twins]. A name for the 
corpora quadrigemina, or optic lobes. They consti- 
tute the larger part of the mesoccelian roof. 

geminate ijem' -in-ai) [geminus, a twin]. In pairs. 

gemination (jem-in-a'-shun) [geminus, twin]. The 
production of twins. The development of two teeth 
in a single sac. See geminous teeth. 

geminous {jem'-in-us) [geminus, a twin]. Same as 
geminate, g. or connate teeth, twin-formation of 
two teeth from the occurrence of a double dental 
germ in a single sac, from which are developed two 
teeth of the same class, when normally there should 
be but one. 

gemma (jem'ah) [L.]. A bud; a bulb or bulb-like 
structure. 

gemmation (jem-a'-shun) [gemmare, to put forth 
buds]. Budding; a mode of reproduction seen in 
low forms of animal and vegetable life, and charac- 
terized by the formation of a small projection from 
the parent-cell, which becomes constricted off and 
forms an independent individual. 

gemmule (jem'-ul) [gemmula, dim. of gemma, a 
bud]. A small bud. 

genal (je'-nal) [yews, the cheek]. Relating to the 



cheek, g. line, a furrow on the cheek produced by 
abdominal disease. 

genera {jen'-er-ali) [L.]. Plural of genus. 

general (jen'-er-al) [genus, race]. Common to a 
class; distributed through many parts; diffuse, 
g. anatomy, anatomy of the tissues in general, as 
distinguished from special anatomy, that dealing 
•with special organs, g. paralysis, g. paresis. See 
paralysis, general, g. pathology. See pathology, 
general. 

generalize (jen'-er-al-iz). To make general, as a 
disease. 

generate (jen'-er-at) [generare, to beget]. To 
beget; to produce of the same kind. 

generatio asquivoca (jen-er-a'-she-o e-kwiv' -o-kah) 
[L.]. See generation, spontaneous. 

generation (jen-er-a'-shun) [generare, to beget]. 
1. The act of begetting offspring. 2. A period 
extending from the birth of an individual to the birth 
of his offspring, usually estimated at a third of a cen- 
tury, g., alternate, the alternation of asexual with 
sexual generation in the same species of animals or 
plants, the offspring of one process differing from 
that of the other, g., asexual, reproduction without 
previous union of two sexual elements; reproduction 
by fission or gemmation, g., organs of, those that 
are functional in reproduction, g., sexual, repro- 
duction by the union of a male and a female element. 
g., spontaneous, the generation of living from non- 
living matter. 

generative (jen'-er-a-tiv) . Pertaining to generation. 

generic (jen-er'-ik) [genus, a kind]. 1. Pertaining 
to the same genus. 2. General. 

genesial, genesiac (jen-e'-se-al, jen-e'-se-ak) [gene- 
sis]. Pertaining to generation. 

genesic, genetic (jen-e'-sik, jen-et'-ik) [genesis]. 
1. Pertaining to generation; producing. 2. A drug 
acting on the genital apparatus. 3. A disease 
affecting the genital organs, g. affinity, relationship 
by direct descent. 

genesiology (jen-e-se-ol'-o-je) [yevetns, reproduc- 
tion; X670S, science]. The science of reproduction. 

genesis {jen'-es-is) [ykveais, production]. Be- 
getting; development; origin; formation; generation. 

genetica (jen-et'-ik-ah). Agents affecting the 
sexual organs. 

geneticist (Jen-et'-is-ist) [genesis]. One specially 
interested in genetics. 

genetics {jen-et'-iks). The laws pertaining to 
generation. 

genetous (jen'-et-us) [genesis]. Congenital. 

Genga's bandage {gen'-gah). A form of roller 
bandage applied from below upward over a graduated 
compress, to control hemorrhage from a limb. 

Gengou's phenomenon or reaction (zjon-goo) [O. 
Gengou, French bacteriologist]. Complement fix- 
ation. _ 

genial {je'-ne-aT) [y&eiov, chin]. Pertaining to- 
the chin. g. tubercles, four prominent tubercles on 
the internal surface of the lower jaw. 

genian (je'-ne-an) [gena; ykvtiov, chin]. Pertain- 
ing to the chin. 

geniculate, geniculated (jen-ik'-u-lat, -ed) [genicu- 
lates, with bended knee]. Abruptly bent, g- 
bodies, the corpora geniculata, two oblong, flattened 
bodies, the external {pregeniculum) and the internal 
(postgeniculum) geniculate bodies, on the posterior 
inferior part of the optic thalamus, g. ganglion. 
See ganglion, geniculate. 

geniculum (jen-ik' -u-lum) [dim. of genu, knee]. 

1. A small angular structure. 2. A knot-like 
structure. 3. One of the two eminences on the 
latero-caudal aspect of the diencephal; the post- 
geniculum is mesad and more distinct, and the pre- 
geniculum, laterad and less distinct. 

genio- (je-ne-o-) [ykveiov, chin]. A prefix denoting 
connection with the chin. 

geniohyoglossus muscle. See under muscle. 

geniohyoid muscle. See under muscle. 

genion {jc'-ne-on) [ykvtiov, chin]. 1. The chin. 

2. In craniometry, the point at the apex of the lower 
genial tubercle. 

genioplasty (je'-ne-o-plas-te) [genio-; ir\a<r<reiv, to 
form]. The operation of restoring the chin, or cheek. 

genital {jen'-it-al) [genitalis, pertaining to genera- 
tion; from gignere, to beget]. Pertaining to the 
organs of generation or to reproduction, g. corpuscle. 
See corpuscle, g. eminence, g. tubercle, an elevation 
appearing about the sixth week of embryonic life, 
in front of the cloaca, and from which the penis or 



GENITALIA 



388 



GERDY 



clitoris is developed, g. folds, the cutaneous folds 
around the genital tubercle, g. furrow, a groove on 
the under surface of the genital tubercle, g. spots, 
nasal parts which show increased sensitiveness during 
menstruation, g. tubercle, a fetal eminence giving 
origin to the genitalia. 

genitalia (jen-it-a'-le-ah) [genital]. The organs of 
generation. In the male these consist of two testicles . 
or seminal glands, with their excretory ducts, the 
prostate, the penis, and the urethra. The female 
genitalia include the vulva, the vagina, the ovaries, 
the Fallopian tubes, and the uterus. 

genitalist (jen'-it-al-ist) [genitalis, pertaining to 
generation]. One who is a specialist in the treatment 
of diseases and affections of the genital organs. 

genitality (jen-it-al'-it-e) [genital]. Capacity for 
taking part in generation. 

genitals {j en-it' -als). The organs of generation. 
See genitalia. 

genito- {jen-it-o-) [genitalis, genital]. A prefix 
denoting connection with or relation to the genital 
organs. 

genitocrural (jen-it-o-kru'-ral). See under nerve. 

genitourinary (jen-it-o-u'-rin-a-re). Relating to 
the genitalia and the urinary organs. 

genius (je'-ne-us) [gignere, to beget]. Some 
dominant, distinctive quality, g. epidemicus. i. 
The predominant characteristic of an endemic or 
epidemic disease (inflammatory, catarrhal, etc.). 
2. The totality of conditions (atmospheric, super- 
natural, etc.) which favor the prevalence of an 
endemic or epidemic disease, g. morbi, the special 
or predominant feature of a disease. 

German's layer (jen-ah'-re) [Francisco Gennari, 
Italian anatomist]. See Baillarger's layer. 

genoblast (jen'-o-blast) [ykvos, sex; /3Xao-r6s, 
germ], i. The nucleus of the impregnated ovum, 
regarded as bisexual. 2. An ovum or spermatozoon. 

genocatachresia (jen-o-kat-ak-re'-ze-ah) [ykvos, sex; 
Karaxpvff is, misapplication]. Perversion of the 
sexual instinct. 

genometabole (Jen-o-me-tab'-o-le) [ykvos, sex; 
/xera/3oXi7, change]. The modification of sexual 
character that may follow the menopause. 

genoplasty (jen'-o-plas-te) . See geny plasty. 

Gentele's test for glucose. On the addition of a 
glucose solution to a solution of potassium ferri- 
cyanide rendered alkaline with caustic soda or potash 
it is decolorized, with the formation of potassium 
ferrocyanide on applying gentle heat. Uric acid 
gives this same reaction. 

gentian (jen'-she-an\ [gentiana, gentian]. The 
common name for species of Gentiana. The gentian 
of the U. S. P. is the dried rhizome and roots of 
Gentiana lutea, containing a neutral bitter principle, 
gentiopicrin, C20H30O12, and gentianin, or gentisin, 
C14H10O5. There are several other species of gentian 
(G. purpurea, G. catesbcei), very similar in action to 
G. lutea. Gentian is an excellent tonic, simple bitter. 
g., extract of (extr actum gentiana, U. S. P.). Dose 
1-5 gr. (0.065-0.32 Gm.). g., fiuidextract of (fluid- 
•extractum gentiana, U. S. P.). Dose 5-1 dr. (2-4 Cc). 
; g., infusion of, compound. Dose 1 dr.-i oz. (4-32 
Cc). g-» tincture of, compound (tinctura gentiana 
composita, U. S. P.). Dose \-2 dr. (2-8 Cc). 
^.-violet, a basic aniline dye, staining tissues violet. 

gentianin (jen'-she-an-in) . A crude bitter substance 
from gentian; it is used as a tonic in dyspepsia, hys- 
teria, etc Syn., crude gentianic acid; crude gentisin. 

gentianophu, gentianophilous (jen'-shan-o-fil, jen- 
shan-of'-il-us) [gentian; cpiXelv, to love]. Staining 
readily with dyes of gentian-violet. 

gentianose (jen'-she-an-os), C16H66O31. A crystal- 
lizable polysaccharid obtained from gentian root. 

gentiopicrin (jen-she-o-pik'-rin) [gentian; wucpos, 
bitter]. A bitter, crystalline glucoside obtained 
from gentian. 

gentisin (jen'-tis-in) [gentiana, gentian], CuHioOs. 
A coloring-matter contained in gentian-root; it 
crystallizes in yellow needles. 

genu (jen'-u) [L., "the knee": pi., genua]. 1. The 
knee. 2 . Any structure bent like a knee, as the genu of 
the corpus callosum or of the optic tract, g. extrorsum 
out-knee; outward bowing of the knee; bowleg. 
g. introrsum. Same as g. valgum, g. recurvatum, 
the backward curvature of the knee-joint, g. val- 
gum, inward curving of the knee; knock-knee; in- 
knee. g. varum. Same as g. extrorsum. 

genual (jen'-u-al) [genu, the knee]. Pertaining 
to a knee or to a genu. 



genuclast {jen'-u-klast) [genu; k\6.€lv, to break}. 
An instrument for breaking adhesions of the knee- 
joint. 

genucubital (jen-u-ku'-bit-al) [genu; cubitus, elbow]. 
Relating to or supported by the knees and elbows. 

genufacial (jen-u-fa'-shal) [genu, knee; facialis, 
of the face]. Relating to the knees and face. 

genuflex (jen-u-fleks') [genu, knee; flexus, bent]. 
Bent at, or like, the knee. Also, bent at any joint. 

genupectoral (jen-u-pek'-to-ral) [genu; pectus, 
breast]. 1. Relating to the knee and the chest. 
2. Pertaining to the knee-chest posture — the patient 
resting upon the knees and chest. 

genus (jen'-us) [L.]. A species or collection of 
species having in common characteristics differing 
greatly from those of other species. 

geny- (jen-e-) frews, jaw or cheek]. A prefix 
denoting relation to the jaw or the cheek. 

genyantralgia (jen-e-an-tral'-je-ah) [ykvvs, jaw; 
avrpov, cave; 0X705, pain]. Pain or neuralgia in the 
antrum of Highmore. 

genyantritis (jen-e-an-tri'-tis) [genyantrum; iris, 
inflammation]. Inflammation of the genyantrum. 

genyantrum (jen-e-an' -trum) [geny-, r| avrpov, cave]. 
The maxillary antrum or antrum of Highmore. 

genycheiloplasty (jen-e-ki'-lo-plas-le) [geny-; x«iXos, 
lip; ir\aa<reiv, to form]. Plastic surgery of both cheek 
and lip. * . 

genyplasty (jen'-e-plas-te) [geny-; ir\a<r<reiv, to 
form]. An operation for restoring the cheek or the 
jaw. 

geode (je'-od). A lymph-space. 

geoform (je'-o-form). A tasteless, odorless, non- 
toxic compound of guaiacol and formaldehyde; it is 
used as an antiseptic. 

geographic tongue (je-o-graf-ik). An eruption 
on the dorsum of the tongue, which becomes covered 
with sinuous, maplike lines. 

geolin (je'-o-lin) [yrj, earth; oleum, oil]. A trade 
name for a petrolatum resembling vaselin. 

geophagia (je-o-fa'-je-ah). See geophagism. 

geophagism (je-of'-aj-izm) [yrj, earth; <payelv, to 
eat]. The practice of eating earth or clay. 

geophagist (je-off'-aj-ist) [yrj, earth; <f>ayeiv, to 
eat]. A dirt-eater. 

geophagous (je-off'-ag-us) [yrj, earth; <payeiv, to 
eat]. Addicted to dirt-eating. 

geophagy (je-off'-aj-e). See geophagism. 

Georget's stupidity (jor-jel). Simple mental con- 
fusion without hallucination or delusion. 

geosote (je'-o-sot). See guaiacol valerate. 

geotalose (je-o'-tal-os). A compound of creosote 
with a mucocolloidal base. 

geotropism {je-ot'-ro-pizm) [yrj, the earth; rpkireiv, 
to turn]. In biology, the tendency of roots and 
other parts to grow downward toward the earth. 

geraniin (je-ra'-ne-in) [geranium], A precipitate 
from the tincture of Cranesbill, Geranium maculatum. 
It stimulates and contracts the caliber of the capillary 
vessels of the mucous membranes, etc. Dose 1 to 3 
grains. 

geraniol {je-ra'-ne-oV), C10H17OH. A colorless, 
highly refractive liquid with strong odor of roses, 
separated from oil of Indian geranium, Andropogon 
nardus. It is an isomeric! of borneol. 

geranium (jer-a'-ne-um) [yepaviov, geranium]. 
The geranium of the U. S. P. is the. root of G. macu- 
latum, crane's-bill root, the properties of which are 
due to tannic and gallic acids. It is an astringent, 
useful in diarrhea, etc g., fiuidextract of (fluid- 
extractum geranii, U. S. P.). Dose k~i dr. (2-4 Cc). 

geratic (jer-at'-ik) [yijpas, old age]. Relating to 
old age. 

geratology (jer-at-ol'-o-je) [yijpas, old age; \6yos, a 
discourse]. 1. A department of biology treating of 
the decadence and gradual extinction of a group of 
organisms. 2. See gereology. 

geriatrics (je-re-at'-riks) [yijpas, old age; iarpucr), 
medical treatment]. The branch of medicine 
dealing with the diseases of old age. 

Gerdy, fibers of (zjer-de') [Pierre Nicolas Gerdy, 
French surgeon, 1797-1856]. The superficial trans- 
verse ligament of the fingers, a fibrous band bounding 
the distal margin of the palm. G., fontanel of, an 
abnormal or supernumerary fontanel existing between 
the two parietal bones at the point at which the 
sagittal suture ceases to be serrated and becomes 
nearly rectilinear. G., ligament of, the suspensory 
ligament of the axilla that extends along the lower 
border of the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi 



GEREOLOGY 



389 



GIBBER 



beneath the skin surrounding the hollow of the axilla. 
G., tubercle of, a more or less pronounced elevation 
situated anteroexternally to the tubercle of the 
tibia, to which it is joined by a short ridge; it serves 
for the attachment of the tibialis anticus. 

gereology, geraeology (jer-e-ol'-o-je) [yijpas, old 
age; X670S, science]. The science of old age; the 
structural changes and diseases incident to it, its 
hygiene, etc. 

Gerhardt's change of pitch (gar'-hart) [Carl Adolf 
Christian Jacob Gerhardt, German physician, 1883- 
1903]. The tympanitic sound heard over partly filled 
cavities is of a lower pitch when the patient is sitting 
than when he is lying down. G.'s disease. See eryth- 
romelalgia. G.'s sign. 1. A systolic bruit heard be- 
tween the mastoid process and spinal column in cases 
of aneurysm of the vertebral artery. 2. Incomplete 
filling of the external jugular vein on the affected side, 
occasionally seen in thrombosis of the transverse sinus. 
3. A band of dulness on percussion, superimposed 
upon the normal precordial dulness, about 3 cm. in 
width and extending toward the left clavicle; it is 
observed in cases of the persistence of the ductus 
arteriosus. 4. The absence of the movement of the 
larynx in dyspnea due to aneurysm of the aorta. In 
dyspnea from other causes the excursions of the 
larynx are extensive. 

Gerhardt's reaction for acetoacetic (diacetic) acid 
in the urine {gar'-hart). A premonitory sign of 
diabetic coma. Treatment with a solution of ferric 
chloride causes a gray precipitate, which is removed 
by filtration; on the further addition of the reagent 
a deep, Bordeaux-red color is produced, which dis- 
appears on adding a few drops of sulphuric acid. 
G.'s test for urobilin, shake the urine with chloroform 
to extract the urobilin; add to this chloroform extract 
an iodine solution, and then a solution of caustic 
potash; a green fluorescence will result. 

Gerhardt-Semon's law (gar'-hart-se'mon) [C. A. C. 
J. Gerhardt (see above); Sir Felix Semon, English 
laryngologist, 1849- ]. Certain central or peri- 
pheral lesions of the recurrent laryngeal nerve cause 
the vocal cord to assume a position midway between 
adduction and abduction, the lesion of the nerve 
being insufficient to destroy it and to provoke a 
complete paralysis of the vocal cord (cadaveric 
position). 

Gerlach's network (ger'-lak) [Joseph von Gerlach, 
German anatomist, 1820-1896]. The interlacing of 
the dendritic processes of the ganglion-cells in the 
gray matter of the spinal cord. The net-work is 
only apparent, since the processes do not anastomose, 
but are merely in contact or contiguity. G.'s tubal 
tonsil, a mass of adenoid tissue in the lower part of 
the Eustachian tube, particularly along its median 
wall and about the pharyngeal orifice. G.'s valve, 
a circular valve sometimes existing at the orifice of 
the vermiform appendix in the cecum. 

Gerlier's disease (zjer-le-a') [Felix Gerlier, Swiss 
physician, 1840- ]. An endemic disease charac- 
terized by vertigo, ptosis, paresis of the extremities, 
and great depression. Syn., vertige paralysant. 

germ (jerm) [germen, sprig; offshoot]. 1. An 
ovum, a spore, seed, an undeveloped embryo. 2. A 
microbe or bacterium, g.-area, the spot on an 
ovum where the development of the embryo begins. 
g.-cell, a cell resulting from a fecundated germinal 
vesicle, g.-disease, any disease of microbic origin, 
g.-epithelium, a thickening on the ventromesial 
aspect of the Wolffian body, giving rise to the male 
and female sexual elements, g.-force, plastic or 
constructive force, g.-layer, any one of the layers 
of a developing embryo, g.-plasm, the reproductive 
or hereditary substance of living organisms, which is 
passed on from the germ-cell in which an organism 
originates in direct continuity to the germ-cells 
of succeeding generations, g.-ridge. Same as g.- 
epithelium. g. theory, the doctrine of the origin of 
every organism from a germ or germ-plasm; also the 
theory that certain diseases are due to the develop- 
ment of microorganisms in the body. 

German measles. See rubella. 

germander (Jer-man'-der) [ME., germawnder]. 
A popular name for plants of the labiate genus 
Teucrium. 

germanium (Jer-man'-e-um). See elements, table of. 

germicidal (jer-mis-i'-dal) [see germicide]. De- 
stroying germs. 

germicide (jer'-mis-id) [germ; ccedere, to kill]. 
An agent that destroys germs. 



germiculture (jer'-me-kul-chur) [germ; cultura, 
culture]. The artificial culture of bacteria. 

germifuge (jer'-me-fuj) [germ; fugare, to banish]. 
1. Having the power of expelling germs. 2. An 
agent that expels germs. 

germiletum (jer-mil-e'-tum). An antiseptic said 
to consist of a solution of borohydrofluoric and 
borosalybenzoic acids, boroglycerol, and formalde- 
hyde with potassium permanganate, menthol, thymol, 
and aromatics. 

germinal (jer'-min-al) [germ]. Pertaining to a 
germ or to the development of a tissue or organ, 
g. area. See germ-area. g. disc. See disc, germinal. 
g. membrane, the blastoderm, g. spot, the nucleolus 
of the ovule, g. vesicle, the blastodermic vesicle. 

germination {jer-min-a' -shun) [germinatio, sprout- 
ing; budding]. Development or sprouting of a seed 
or spore. 

germinative (jer'-min-at-iv). Pertaining to germi- 
nation. 

germol (jer'-mol). A bactericidal preparation 
analogous to cresol. 

germule (jer'-mul). An incipient germ. 

gerocomia, or gerocomy (jer-o-ko'-me-ah, or jer- 
ok'-o-me) [ykpwv, old man; Kopelv, to care for]. The 
hygienic and medical care of old people. 

gerocomium (jer-o-ko'-me-um) [yepuv, old man; 
KOfieiv, to care for]. A home or institution for aged 
people. 

geroderma (je-ro-der'-mah) [y&puv, old man; Sepfia, 
skin]. Dystrophy of the skin producing the wrinkled 
appearance of old age. 

gerodermia (jer-o-der'-me-ah). See geromorphism. 

geromarasmus (jer-o-mar-az'-mus) [ykpuv, old man; 
ixapaa/jLos, a wasting]. Emaciation and weakness 
characteristic of extreme old age. 

geromorphism (jer-o-mor'-fizm) [yfjpas, old age; 
pop^rj, form]. The appearance of age in a young 
person. 

gerontic (jer-on'-tik) [yepovTiKos, belonging to an 
old man]. Pertaining to old age. 

gerontin (jer-on'-tin) , C5H4N2. A poisonous leuko- 
maine from the hepatic cells of dogs. 

gerontopia (jer-on-to'-pe-ah). See presbyopia. 

gerontoxon (jer-on-toks'-on) [ykpuv, an old man; 
to£ov, a bow]. The arcus senilis. 

Gerota's capsule (jer-o'-tah). The fascia around 
the kidney. 

Gerrard's test for glucose. To a 5 % solution of 
potassium cyanide add Fehling's solution until the 
blue color just commences to disappear. On heating 
this solution to boiling with one containing glucose, 
no precipitation of cuprous oxide results, but the 
solution will be more or less decolorized. 

Gersuny's paraffin prosthesis. The replacement 
of the cartilaginous portion of the nasal septum by 
paraffin. G.'s symptom, a peculiar sensation of 
adhesion of the mucosa of the bowel to the fecal 
mass while pressure is made with the tips of the 
fingers in cases of coprostasis. 

gestation (jes-ta'-shun) [gestare, to bear]. Preg- 
nancy, g., abdominal, the form of extrauterine 
gestation in which the product of conception is 
developed in the abdominal cavity, g., double. 
1. Twin pregnancy. 2. The coexistence of uterine 
and extrauterine pregnancy, g., ectopic. Same as 
g., extrauterine, g., extrauterine, pregnancy in 
which the product of conception is not contained in 
the uterine cavity. See pregnancy. 

ghee, ghi [Hind.]. Butter clarified and liquefied 
by slow boiling and used as a base for ointments and 
as a dressing for wounds. 

ghost-corpuscles (gost). See corpuscle, phantom. 

Giacomini's band (yah-ko-me'-ne) [Carlo Giacomini, 
Italian anatomist, 1840-1898]. A grayish band, 
continuous with the gyrus dentatus, which passes 
from the cleft between the hippocampal and uncinate 
gyruses transversely over the latter and disappears on 
its ventricular surface. 

giant (ji'-ant) [7*70.5, giant]. A being or organism 
abnormally large, g.-cell. See cell, giant-, g.- 
finger. Synonym of macrodactyly. 

giantism (ji'-ant-izm). See gigantism. 

Gianuzzi, cells or crescents of (yan-oot'-se) [ — — 
Gianuzzi, Italian anatomist]. Granular protoplasmic 
cells found in mucous glands between the mucous 
cells and the basement-membrane; they play an 
important part in the functional activity of the 
gland. They are also called demilune cells. 

gibber (gib'-er) [gibbus, a hump]. A sac-like en- 



GIBBON'S HYDROCELE 



390 



GLADIATE 



largement. g. inferior thalami. See pulvinar. g. 
ulnae, the olecranon. 

Gibbon's hydrocele (gib'-un) [Quinton V. Gibbon, 
American surgeon, 1813-1894]. Hydrocele with a 
voluminous hernia. 

gibbositas (gib-os'-it-as) [L.]. Gibbosity; the 
condition of being a hunchback. 

gibbosity (gib-os'-it-e) [gibbus]. The condition of 
being humpbacked. 

gibbous (gib'-us) [gitfbus]. Humpbacked. Swollen, 
convex, protuberant, especially upon one side. 

gibbus (gib'-us) [L.]. A hump. 

Gibert's pityriasis (zhe-bair') [Camille Melchior 
Gibert, French physician, 1797-1866]. Pityriasis 
rosea. 

Gibney's perispondylitis (gib'-ne per-e-spon-dil-V - 
tis) [Virgil Pendleton Gibney, American orthopedist, 
1847- ]. A painful condition of the muscles of 
the spine. 

Gibraltar fever. Synonym of Malta fever. 

Gibson's bandage (gib'-sun) [Kasson C. Gibson, 
American dentist]. A bandage for fracture of the 
lower jaw. 

gid (gid) [ME., gidie, dizzy]. Staggers in sheep, a 
disease caused by a cystic worm in the brain, formerly 
called Ccenurus cerebralis. 

giddiness (gid'-e-nes) [ME., gidie, dizzy]. A sensa- 
tion of whirling or unsteadiness of the body, usually 
accompanied by more or less nausea. 

Giemsa's stain (gem'-sah) [G. Giemsa, German 
bacteriologist]. Azur II, eosin, 3 Gm.; azur II, 0.8 
Gm.; glycerin, 250 Gm.; methylalcohol, 250 Gm. 
This stain is used in the detection of Spirochceta 
pallida. 

Gierke's corpuscles (ger'-keh) [Hans Paul Bernhard 
Gierke, German anatomist, 1847-1886]. Roundish, 
colloid bodies, of a significance not yet determined, 
sometimes found in the central nervous system ; they 
appear to be identical with Hassall's corpuscles. 
G.'s respiratory bundle. See Krause's respiratory tract. 

Gifford's reflex (gif'-urd) [Harold Gifford, American 
ophthalmologist, 1858- ]. Contraction of the 
pupil, occurring when a strong effort is made to close 
the lids, which are kept apart. G.'s sign, inability 
to evert the upper eyelid in the early stages of 
exophthalmic goiter. 

gigantism (ji-gan'-tizm) [ylyas, giant]. Abnormal 
overgrowth or excessive size of the whole or of part 
of the body. 

gigantoblast (ji-gan'-to-blast) [gigantism; /SXcurros, 
a germ]. A large nucleated red blood-corpuscle. 

gigantocyte (ji-gant'-o-sit) [gigantism; kvtos, cell]. 
A large nonnucleated red blood-corpuscle. 

gigantosoma (ji-gan-to-so'-mah) [ylyas, giant; 
<ra>na, body]. Gigantism. 

gill (gil). One of the respiratory organs of such 
animals as breathe the air that is mixed with water. 
Cf. branchice. 

gill (jil) [gillo, a flask]. One-fourth of a pint. 

Gillenia (jil-e'-ne-ah) [Arnold Gill, German botan- 
ist]. A genus of rosaceous herbs. G. stipulacea 
(bowman's root; Indian physic) and G. trifoliata, of 
North America, are safe and effective substitutes 
for ipecac. Dose of fluidextract of G. trifoliata, as 
expectorant, 3-8 min. (0.2-0.5 Cc); mild emetic, 
20-30 min. (1.2-1.8 Cc). 

gillenin (jil'-en-in) [see gillenia]. The active 
principle of American ipecac. Dose 4-6 gr. (0.26- 
0.4 Gm.). 

Gilles de la Tourette's disease. See under Tourette. 
G. de la T.'s sign. See under Tourette. 

gilvor (jil'-vor) [gilvus, pale yellow]. The earthy 
complexion accompanying certain forms of cachexia 
and dyscrasia. 

Gimbernat's ligament (gim'-ber-nat) [Antonio de 
Gimbernat, Spanish surgeon, 1742-1790]. The tri- 
angular portion of the aponeurosis of the external 
oblique that is attached to the mesal end of Poupart's 
ligament in front and to the iliopectineal line behind 
and externally. 

gin (jin) [OF., genevre, juniper]. Common grain- 
spirit distilled and flavored with juniper-berries. It 
is a stimulant and diuretic. Spiritus juniper i 
compositus is its official substitute in the U. S. P. 
g.-drinker's liver, the liver of atrophic cirrhosis due 
to alcoholism. 

gingament (Jin'-ja-menf). Trade name of a 
stomachic; said to contain sodium bicarbonate, 
ammonium bicarbonate, oil of peppermint, saccharin 
and ginger. 



ginger (jin'-jer). See zingiber. 

gingerol (jin'-jer-ol). A pungent oil from zingiber. 

gingiva (jin-ji'-vah) [L. : pi., gingiva]. The giim; 
the vascular tissue surrounding the necks of the 
teeth and covering the alveoli. 

gingival (jin'-jiv-al) [gingiva]. Pertaining to the 
gums. g. line, a line along the gums, seen in chronic 
metallic poisoning, as the blue line of lead. 

gingivalgia (jin-jiv-al'-je-ah) [gingiva, gum; &X70S, 
pain]. Neuralgia of the gums. 

gingivitis {jin-jiv-i'-tis) [gingiva; wis, inflamma- 
tion]. Inflammation of the gums; ulitis. g., ex- 
pulsive, osteo-periostitis of a tooth, which is gradually 
expelled from its socket. 

ginglymoarthrodial (gin-gle-mo-ar-thro'-de-al) . Both 
ginglymoid and arthrodial. 

ginglymoid (ging'-glim-oid) [yiyy\vnos, a hinge; 
eldos, likeness]. Resembling a hinge-joint. 

ginglymus (gin'-glim-us). See diarthrosis. 

ginseng (jin'-seng) [Chinese, jin-tsan, ginseng]. 
The root of several species of Panax or Aralia. 
It has no other medicinal virtues than those of a 
demulcent, but it has a wonderful reputation in 
China, to which country most of it is exported. 

Giovannini's disease (yo-vah-ne'-ne) [Sebastiano 
Giovannini, Italian dermatologist]. A rare form of 
nodular disease of the hair caused by a fungus. 

giraffe (jir-af). See dengue. 

Giraldes' "bonnet a poll" (zje-ral-daz) [Joachim 
Albin Cardozo Cazado Giraldes, Portuguese surgeon, 
1808-1875]. Widening of the cranium in the frontal 
region in chronic hydrocephalus. G.'s organ, the 
paradidymis, a small, tubular organ found at the 
junction of the spermatic cord and epididymis. It is 
a remnant of some of the lower Wolffian tubules, and 
corresponds to the parovarium in the female. 

Giraldesian organ. See Giraldes' organ. 

Giraud-Teulon's law. Our binocular retinal 
images are localized at the point of intersection of the 
primary and secondary axes of projection. 

girdle (gir'-dl) [AS., gyrdel, a waistband]. A band 
designed to go around the body; a structure re- 
sembling a circular belt or band. g. anesthesia, 
an anesthetic ring around the body, g.-pain, a 
sensation as if a girdle were drawn tightly around the 
body, g., pelvic, the bones (the two ossa innominata) 
forming the support for the lower limbs, g.-sensa- 
tion. Same as g.-pain. g., shoulder-, the system of 
bones supporting the upper limbs or arms; it consists 
of the clavicles, scapulae, and thejmanubrium sterni. 

girmir (gir'-mir) [Arab.]. Tartar of the teeth. 

githagism (gith'-a-jism) [gith, a black-seeded plant; 
agere, to carry]. The condition of chronic poisoning 
produced in man and animals attributed to the seeds 
of the corn-cockle (Lynchis githago), which often find 
their way into cereal foods. 

Giuffrida-Rugieri's stigma of degeneration (yoo- 
fre'-dah-roo-je-er'-e) [Vincenzo Giuffrida-Rugieri, Ital- 
ian anthropologist]. The absence or incompleteness 
of the glenoid fossa. 

gizzard (giz'-ard). The strong muscular stomach 
of birds used for triturating the food. A proprietary 
substance, ingluvin, prepared from it, has been used 
in dyspepsia. 

Gl. Chemical symbol of glucinum. 

glabella, glabellum (gla-bel'-ah, -urn) [dim. of 
glaber, smooth]. The smooth triangular space be- 
tween the eyebrows, just above the root of the nose. 

glabellad (gla-beV -ad) [dim. of glaber, smooth; 
ad, to]. Toward the glabella. 

glabellar (gla-bel'-ar) [dim. of glaber, smooth]. 
Pertaining to the glabella. 

glabellen (gla-beV -en) . Belonging to the glabella 
in itself. 

glabrate (gla'-brat) [glabrare, to make smooth]. 
Becoming or tending to smoothness or baldness. 

glabrification (gla-bri-fi-ka'-shun) [glaber, smooth; 
facere, to make]. The process of becoming smooth, 
glistening, and hairless. 

glabrificin (gla-brif'-is-in). An antibody which 
renders bacteria glabrous. 

glabrous (gla'-brus) [glaber, smooth]. Smooth. 
Destitute of hairs or down. 

glacial (gla'-she-al) [glacies, ice]. Icy; resembling 
ice in appearance, as glacial acetic or phosphoric acid. 

glacialin (gla-she-a'-lin) [glacies, ice]. An anti- 
septic substance used for the preservation of foods. 
It consists of borax, boric acid, sugar, and glycerin. 

gladiate (glad'-e-at) [gladius, a. sword]. Ensiform, 
or sword-shaped. 



GLADIOLINE 



391 



GLASS 



gladioline (glad-i'-o-len) [gladiolus]. An alkaloid 
in brain tissue. 

gladiolus {glad-i'-o-lus) [dim. of gladius, a sword]. 
The middle or second piece of the sternum. 

glair (glar) [ME., glayre, the white of egg]. The 
white of egg; any thin, viscous substance, as a mucous 
discharge. 

glairin {glar' -in) [OF., glair e, the white of egg; 
from clarus, clear]. A peculiar organic, gelatinous 
substance found on the surface of some thermal 
waters. Syn., baregin. 

glairy (glar'-e) [see glairin]. Slimy; viscous; mucoid. 

glama (gla'-mah) [L.].. Lippitudo. An accumu- 
lation of gummy or hard material at the inner canthus 
of the eye; the material so accumulated. 

gland [glans, an acorn], i. An organ which secretes 
something essential to the system or excretes waste 
materials the retention of which would be deleterious 
to the body. The word is also applied to structures 
which have no visible, or external secretion, as the 
suprarenal capsules, the pineal gland, etc. In 
structure glands may be tubular or racemose, simple 
or compound. 2. The bulbous end of the penis and 
clitoris, g.s, absorbent. See g.s, lymphatic, g., 
accessory thyroid, a small mass of gland-tissue con- 
nected with the thyroid gland, g., acinous. See g., 
racemose, g., admaxillary, an accessory parotid or 
salivary gland, g.s, aggregate. See Cowper's glands. 
g.s, agminated. See Peyer's glands, g.s, axillary, 
the lymph-glands situated in the axilla, g. of 
Bartholin. See under Bartholin, g.s, blood-. See 
g.s, hematopoietic, g.s, bronchial, the lymph-glands 
of the root of the bronchi, g.s, Brunner's. See under 
Brunner. g.s, bulbourethral. See Cowper's glands. 
g.s, Cabelli's. See under Cabelli. g., carotid, a duct- 
less gland at the bifurcation of the common carotid 
artery, g.s, ceruminous, the glands secreting the 
cerumen of the ear. g.s, cervical, the lymph-glands 
of the neck, g.s, Clapton-Havers'. See Havers' 
glands, g., coccygeal, a small vascular body at the 
tip of the coccyx. Syn., Luschka's gland, g., com- 
pound, one composed of a number of small pouches; 
a gland the duct of which is branched, g., conglo- 
Date. See g.s, lymphatic, g.s, Cowper's. See Cow- 
per's glands, g., ductless, a gland without a duct, 
as the suDrarenal capsule. g., duodenal. See 
Brunner's g.s. g., Duverney's. See g. of Bartholin. 
g., endocrinous, any gland which produces an internal 
secretion, g.s, Fraenkel's. See under Fraenkel. g.s, 
Gley's. g.s, parathyroid, g.s, Havers', g.s, Haversian. 
See Havers' glands, g.s, hematopoietic, the socalled 
glands that are supposed to take part in the formation 
of the blood, as the spleen, thymus, suprarenal 
capsules, etc. g.s, hemolymph, certain glands 
occurring chiefly in the retroperitoneal region. They 
are intermediate between the spleen and ordinary 
lymph-glands. Their function is mainly hemolytic. 
There are two types to which the names splenolymph 
and manolymph or marrow-lymph are applied. 
g., Huguier's. See g. of Bartholin, g.s, integu- 
mentary, the sebaceous and sudoriparous glands, 
g.s, intercapsular, a long, narrow, paired organ, found 
in the human embryo, corresponding in position and 
general appearance to the hibernating glands of the 
lower animals, but from its inner lymphoid structure 
it is supposed to be a hemolymph gland; no trace of 
it persists to adult life, g.s, intestinal, solitary, the 
isolated lymph-glands distributed through the 
intestinal mucous membrane, g., lacrimal, a com- 
pound racemose gland in the upper and outer portion 
of the orbit, the function of which is to secrete the 
tears, g.s of Lieberkuhn. See under Lieberkuhn. 
g.s of Littre, g.s of Morgagni. See under Littre. 
g., Luschka's. See Luschka's gland, g.s, lymphatic, 
small oval masses of lymphatic tissue in the course 
of lymphatic vessels. Their functions are to act as 
niters to the blood, retaining foreign particles, and 
also to form white corpuscles, g.s, mammary, the 
glands that secrete milk, g., manolymph, g., marrow- 
lymph, a variety of hemolymph gland, g.s, Manz'. 
See Manz's glands, g.s, Meibomian, the minute 
sebaceous follicles between the cartilage and con- 
junctiva of the eyelids, g.s, Montgomery's. See 
under Montgomery, g.s, muciparous, g.s, mucous, 
the glands in mucous membranes secreting mucus. 
g.s, parathyroid, small lymphatic glands lying near 
the thyroid, but differing from it in histological struc- 
ture and not accessory to it. Syn., Gley's glands; 
Sandstroem's glands, g., parotid, a large salivary 
gland situated in front of the ear. g.s, peptic. See 



peptic glands, g.s, Peyer's.. See Peyer's glands. 
g., pineal. See pineal gland, g., pituitary, a term 
for the hypophysis of the brain, g., prostate. See 
prostate gland, g.s, pyloric, the glands of the stomach 
situated near the pylorus and secreting pepsin. 
g., racemose, a gland composed of a number of acini 
communicating with several excretory ducts, which 
usually join to form a common duct, g., Rivini's. 
See g.s, sublingual, g., salivary, a gland that secretes 
saliva, g.s, Sandstroem's. See g.s, parathyroid. 
g.s, SchUller's. See Skene's gland, g.s, sebaceous, 
the glands in the corium of the skin, secreting sebum. 
g., seminal, the testicle, g., serous, a secreting 
gland, the cells of which are granular and spherical in 
form, with central nuclei, and which secrete a thin, 
watery fluid, g., simple, a gland having but one 
secreting sac and a single tube, g., Skene's. See 
Skene's gland, g.s, splenolymph, certain hemolymph 
glands intermediate between the spleen and ordinary 
lymph-glands, g.s, sublingual, the smallest of the 
salivary glands, situated one on each side beneath the 
tongue, g., submaxillary, a salivary gland situated 
below the angle of the jaw. g.s, sudoriparous, g.s, 
sweat, the convoluted glands in the skin that secrete 
sweat, g., Suzanne's. See Suzanne's gland, g., 
thymus. See thymus, g., thyroid. See thyroid. 
g., Tiedemann's. See Bartholin' s gland, g., tubular, 
a gland having a tube-like structure, g., tubular, 
compound, one composed of a number of small 
tubules with a single duct, g., urethral. See Littre' s 
gland, g., vaginal, one of the glands in the vaginal 
mucous membrane, g., Virchow's. See Virchow's 
gland. g., vulvovaginal. See Bartholin's gland. 
g.s, Waldeyer's. See under Waldeyer. g.s, Was- 
mann's. See ' under Wasmann. g.s, Willis'. See 
under Willis. 

glanderous (glan'-der-us) [glanders]. Affected 
with glanders. 

glanders (glan'-derz) [gland]. A contagious disease 
of horses and asses, but communicable to man, and 
due to the bacillus of glanders or Bacillus mallei. 
It appears in two forms — as glanders proper, when 
affecting the mucous membranes, and as farcy, when 
limited to the skin and lymphatic glands. On 
mucous membranes, especially the nasal, it manifests 
itself as isolated nodules which coalesce and break 
down into deep ulcers that involve the cartilages and 
bones. It is apt to extend down to the lungs and 
give rise to suppuration and pneumonic processes. 
In man the disease usually runs an acute febrile course 
typhoid in type, and terminates fatally. Farcy is 
characterized by nodules (farcy-buds) in the skin and 
lymphatic glands, which break down into irregular 
chronic ulcers. 

glandiform (glan' -de-form) [gland; forma, form 
1. Acorn-shaped. 2. Adenoid. 

glandilemma (glan-dil-em'-ah) [gland; Xkn/j.a, husk]. 
The capsule of a gland. 

glandula, glandule (glan'-du-lah, glan'-dul) [L. . 
1. A little gland. 2. Same as gland. 

glandular (glan'-du-lar) [glandula]. Relating to 
or of the nature of, a gland. 

glandule (gland' -ul) [glandula, a gland]. A small 
gland. 

glandulen (glan'-du-len). A preparation of the 
bronchial glands of sheep, used in the treatment of 
tuberculosis. Dose 12-20 gr. (0.77-1.3 Gm.) 3 times 
daily. 

glanduliform (gland-du' -le-form) . Shaped like a 
gland. 

glandulin (gland' -ii-Un) [glandula, a gland]. Ex- 
tract of gland-tissue. 

glans (glanz) [L., "an acorn"]. 1. An acorn-shaped 
body. 2. A gland, g. clitoridis, the rounded end 
of the clitoris, analogous to the glans penis of the 
male. g. penis, the conical body forming the head 
of the penis. 

glaseptic (glas-ep'-tik) [glass; aseptic]. Trade 
name of sterilized solutions in glass ampoules for hypo- 
dermic use. 

Glaserian artery (gla-se'-re-an) [Johann Heinrich 
Glaserius (or Glaser), Swiss anatomist, 1629-1675]. 
The tympanic artery. G. fissure, the glenoid or 
petrotympanic fissure, which divides transversely 
the glenoid fossa of the temporal bone. 

Glasgow's sign (glaz'-go). A systolic sound in the 
brachial artery, heard in latent aneurysm of the aorta. 

glass (glas) [AS., glees]. 1. A brittle, hard, trans- 
parent substance, consisting usually of the fused 
amorphous silicates of potassium and calcium, or 



GLASSES 



392 



GLOBULICIDE 



sodium and calcium, with an excess of silica. 2. Any 
article made of glass, g., crown-, a very hard glass, 
is a silicate of sodium and calcium, g., flint-, that 
composed of lead and potassium silicates, g., soluble, 
potassium or sodium silicate, used as a substitute for 
plaster-of- Paris, g.-wool, white, silky threads ob- 
tained by the action of a powerful blast on a falling 
stream of molten glass; it is used in draining wounds 
and in filtering strong acids and alkalies. Syn., slag- 
wool. 

glasses (glas'-es) [see glass]. The popular term for 
spectacles or eye-glasses, g., bifocal, those that have 
a different refracting power in the upper part from 
that in the lower; the effect is usually produced by 
the superposition of segment lenses, g., prismatic, 
those formed of prisms; used in insufficiency and 
paralysis of the ocular muscles. 

glassy (glas'-e). 1. Having the appearance of 
glass; vitreous; hyaline. 2. Expressionless. 

Glauber's salt (glow'-ber) [Johann Rudolf Glauber, 
German chemist, 1603-1668]. Sodium sulphate. 

glaucedo (glaw-se'-do) [L.]. Glaucoma. 

glaucoma (glaw-ko'-mah) [yXavKos, sea-green]. A 
disease of the eye characterized by heightened intra- 
ocular tension, resulting in hardness of the globe, 
excavation of the papilla or optic disc, a restriction 
of the field of vision, corneal anesthesia, colored halo 
about lights, and lessening of visual power that may 
proceed to blindness. The etiology is obscure, g. 
absolutum, g. consummatum, the completed glauco- 
matous process when the eyeball is exceedingly hard 
and totally blind, g. acutum, the first or the renewed 
attack, with the characteristic and inflammatory 
symptoms, generally intermitting after a few days. 
g., auricular, that associated with a great increase in 
the intralabryinthine pressure, g. evolutum, the 
second stage of glaucoma, g. fulminans, an acute 
attack coming on with great suddenness and violence. 
g. haemorrhagicum, that associated with retinal 
hemorrhage. Syn., g. apoplecticum. g. malignum, 
a grave form, attended with violent pain and rapidly 
leading to blindness, g., secondary, that consequent 
upon other ocular diseases, g. simplex, that form 
without inflammatory symptoms. 

glaucomatous (glaw-ko' -mat-us) [see glaucoma]. 
Affected with or pertaining to glaucoma. 

glaucosis (glaw-ko'-sis) [glaucoma]. The blindness 
resulting from glaucoma. 

glaucosuria (glaw-ko-su'-re-aJt) [y\avic6s, sea-green; 
ovpov, urine]. The presence of indican in the urine, 
which is thereby discolored. 

glaxo (glak'-so). A proprietary food for infants; 
it is said to consist of pure desiccated milk, with 
cream and lactose. 

gleet (glet). The chronic stage of urethritis, 
characterized by a slight mucopurulent discharge. 

gleety (gle'-te) [gleet]. Resembling the discharge 
of gleet. 

Glenard's disease (gla-nar') [Franz Glenard, 
French physician, 1819-1894]. Enteroptosis; ab- 
dominal ptosis. 

glenohumeral (gle-no-hu'-mer-al) [glenoid; hu- 
merus]. Pertaining to the glenoid cavity and the 
humerus, g. ligaments, three ligaments of the 
capsule of the shoulder-joint. 

glenoid (gle'-noid) [y\i)vr), a cavity; eI<5os, likeness]. 
Having a shallow cavity; resembling a shallow cavity 
or socket, g. cavity, the depression in the scapula 
for the reception of the head of the humerus, g. 
fissure. See Glaserian fissure, g. fossa, a depression 
in the temporal bone for articulation with the condyle 
of the lower jaw. 

Gley's glands (gla) [M. E. Gley, French physio- 
logist]. The parathyroid glands. 

glia (gli'-ah) [7X10, glue]. The neuroglia, g.-cells. 
See Deiters' cells. 

gliacoccus (gli-ah-kok'-us) [glia; coccus]. A micro- 
coccus invested with a gelatinous envelope. 

gliacyte (gli'-ah-sit) [glia; /euros, cell]. A neuroglia 
cell. 

gliadin, gliadine (gli'-ad-in) [glia]. A proteid 
found in wheat-gluten. 

glial (gli'-al). Pertaining to glia or neuroglia. 

gliding movement (gli'-ding moov'-ment). The 
most simple kind of movement that can take place 
in a joint, one surface gliding or moving over another, 
without any angular or rotary movement. 

gliobacteria (gli-o-bak-te'-re-ah) [glia; bacteria]. 
Bacteria in the zooglea stage, embedded in a gelati- 
nous matrix. 



gliococcus (gli-o-kok'-us) [glia; kokkos, a berry] 
A micrococcus invested with a gelatinous envelop. 

glioma {gli-o'-mah) [glia; 6p.a, a tumor]. A tumor 
composed of neuroglia cells, and occurring in the 
brain, spinal cord, retina, nerves, and suprarenal 
capsules. In the brain it closely resembles the brain- 
substance, but is usually more gelatinous and darker. 
In the retina it is often combined with sarcoma 
(gliosarcoma). It may also be combined with fibro- 
ma, myxoma, and neuroma. The last combination 
is known as neuroglioma ganglionar e. 

gliomatosis (gli-o-mat-o'-sis) [glioma]. The de- 
velopment of exuberant masses of glioma-like tissue 
in the nerve-centers. It is seen in the spinal cord 
in some cases of syringomyelia. 

gliomatous (gli-o' -mat-us). Of the nature of, or 
affected with, glioma. 

gliomyoma (gli-o-mi-o'-mah). Glioma combined 
with myoma. 

gliomyxoma (gli-o-miks-o'-mah) . A glioma with a 
mucoid degeneration. 

glioneuroma (gli-o-nu-ro'-mah). See neuroglioma, 
ganglionar. 

gliosarcoma (gli-o-sar-ko'-mah) . A tumor having 
the neuroglia cells of glioma and the fusiform cells 
of sarcoma. 

gliosis (gli-o'-sis) [glia; vbaos, disease]. A brain 
disease marked by foci of sclerosed gray substance, 
with the formation of lacunar spaces within the foci. 
It differs from ordinary diffused sclerosis, g. cervi- 
calis, syringomyelia. 

glischrin (glis'-krin) [yXiVxpos, viscid]. Malerba's 
name for a nitrogenous mucus formed in urine by 
Bacterium gliscrogenum. 

glischrobacterium (glis-kro-bak-te'-re-um) [y~Ki<rxpos, 
viscid; bacterium]. The microorganism Bacterium 
gliscrogenum, causing mucous degeneration of the 
urine. 

glischrogenous (glis-kroj'-en-us) [y\loxpos, viscid; 
yewav, to produce]. Giving rise to viscidity. 

glischruria (glis-kroo'-re-ah) [yXiaxpos, viscid; 
ovpov, urine]. The presence of glischrin in the urine. 

Glisson's capsule (glis'-un) [Francis Glisson, 
English physician, 1507-1677]. The interlobular 
connective tissue of the liver, enveloping the portal 
vein, hepatic artery, and hepatic duct. 

.Glissonian cirrhosis. Perihepatitis. 

glissonitis (glis-on-i'-tis). Inflammation of Glis- 
son's capsule. 

globate (glo'-bat). Spheroidal; shaped like a globe. 

globe of the eye (glob). The eyeball. 

globin (glo'-bin) [globus], A proteid derived from 
hemoglobin. 

globinometer (glo-bin-om'-et-er) [globin; nerpov, 
a measure]. An instrument devised with special 
reference to the calculation of the percentage-amount 
of oxyhemoglobin in a given amount of blood. 

globomyeloma (glo-bo-mi-el-o'-mah) [globus; myel- 
oma]. A round-celled sarcoma. 

globose (glo-bos') [globosus, round as a ball]. 
Spherical in form, or nearly so. 

globular (glob'-u-lar) [dim. of globus, a globe]. 
Having the shape of a globe or sphere. 

globular value. The relative amount of hemo- 
globin contained in a red corpuscle. It is a fraction 
of which the numerator is the percentage of hemo- 
globin and the denominator the percentage of cor- 
puscle. 

globularetin, globularrhetin (glob-u-lar' -e-tin) , C12- 
H14O3. A decomposition-product of globularin by 
the action of dilute acids. It is a powerful diuretic, 
stimulates the secretion of bile, and in large doses 
causes acute irritation of the intestine. It is used 
with globularin in gout. Dose | gr. (0.038 Gm.). 

globularin (glob-u-lar' -in), C30H44O14. A glucoside 
from the leaves of Globularia alypum. Its action 
upon the heart and nervous system is similar to that 
of caffeine, while it diminishes the quantity and 
specific gravity of the urine and its contained urates 
and uric acid. It is used in connection with globula- 
retin in gout, rheumatism, etc. 

globule (glob'-ul) [dim. of globus]. A small spherical 
particle, as a blood-corpuscle or lymph-corpuscle; 
also a small pill or pellet, g.s, directing, g.s, direc- 
tive, g.s, extrusion, g.s, polar. See bodies, direction. 

globulicidal (glob-u-lis-i'-dal) [globule; ccedere, t6 
kill]. Destructive to the blood-corpuscles. 

globulicide (glob-u' -lis-ld) [globulus, a globule; 
ccedere, to kill]. 1. Destructive of blood-cells. 2. An 
agent that destroys blood-cells. 



GLOBULIFEROUS 



393 



GLOSSOPLEGIA 



globuliferous (glob-u-lif -er-us) [globule; ferre, to 
bear]. Containing corpuscles, specifically red blood- 
corpuscles. 

globulimeter (glob-u-lim'-et-er) [globulus, a little 
ball; fierpof, a measure]. An instrument for esti- 
mating the corpuscular richness of blood. 

globulin (glob'-u-liti) [globule], i. A general name 
for various proteids comprising globulin, vitellin, 
paraglobulin or serum-globulin, fibrinogen, myosin, 
and globin, which differ from the albumins in not 
being soluble in water, but soluble in dilute neutral 
saline solutions. These solutions are coagulated by 
heat and precipitated by a large amount of water. 
2. Specifically, a proteid found in the crystalline lens. 
See Hammarsten, Pohl. 

globulinuria (glob-u-lin-u'-re-ah) [globulin; ovpov, 
urine]. The presence of globulin in the urine. 

globulism (glob' -u-lizm) [globulus, a little ball]. 
The administration of medicine in globules; home- 
opathy. 

globulolysis (glob-u-loV -is-is) . See cytolysis. 

globulose (glob'-u-los). Any product of the peptic 
digestion of a globulin. 

globulus (glob'-u-lus) [L.]. The nucleus globosus 
of the cerebellum. It is a mass of gray matter 
between the fastigatum and the embolus. 2. A 
globule. 

globus (glo'-bus) [L.]. A ball or globe, g. 
hystericus, the "lump" or choking sensation occur- 
ring in hysteria, caused probably by spasmodic 
contraction of the esophageal and pharyngeal muscles. 
g. major, the larger end or head of the epididymis. 
g. minor, the lower end of the epididymis, g. pal- 
lidus, the inner and lighter part of the lenticular 
nucleus. 

glome (glom) [glomus, a ball]. 1. Same as glom- 
erule. 2. One of the two rounded prominences 
which form the backward prolongations of the frog 
of a horse's foot. Cf. periople. 

glomer (glo'-mer) [glomus]. A conglomerate gland. 

glomerate (glom' -er -at) [glomerate, to wind around]. 
Rolled together like a ball of thread. 

glomerular (glom-er' -oo-lar) . Relating to a glorrr- 
erule of the kidney. 

glomerule, glomerulus (glom'-er-ul, glom-er' -oo-lus) 
[dim. of glomus]. 1. A small rounded mass. 2. A 
coil of blood-vessels projecting into the expanded 
end (Bowman's capsule) of each uriniferous tubule, 
and with it composing the Malpighian body, g., 
olfactory, a group of nerve-cells, a number of which 
are embedded in the olfactory nerve-fibers, g. of 
the pronephron. See glomus (1). g.s of the spleen, 
round masses of lymphoid tissue developed in the 
adventitia of the arteries of the spleen. 

glomerulitis (glom-er-oo-li'-tis) [glomerule; ins, 
inflammation]. Inflammation of the glomerules of 
the kidney. 

glomerulonephritis (glom-er-oo-lo-nef-ri'-tis) [glom- 
erule; v«f>pos, the kidney; ins, inflammation]. 
Inflammation of the Malpighian bodies of the kidney. 

glomus (glo'-mus) [L., "a ball"; 1. A fold of the 
mesothelium arising near the base of the mesentery 
in the pronephron, and containing a ball of blood- 
vessels. Syn., glomerule of the pronephron. 2. The 
part of the choroid plexus of the lateral ventricle 
which covers the thalamus. Syn. glomus chorioideum. 
g. caroticum, g. carotideum, the carotid gland, g. 
coccygeum, the coccygeal gland. 

glonoin (glon'-o-in) [from Gl = glyceryl; O = oxy- 
gen; N = nitrogen, in the formula G103(NO"2)3, in 
which Gl stands for glyceryl]. Nitroglycerin. 

glonoinism, glonoism (glon'-o-in-izm, glon'-o-izm) 
[glonoin]. Intoxication by nitroglycerin. 

glossa (glos'-ah) [yXaxraa, the tongue]. The 
tongue; also the faculty of articulate speech. 

glossagra (glos-a'-grah) [glossa; ay pa, seizure]. 
Gouty pain in the tongue. 

glossal (glos'-al) [yXuaa-a, tongue]. Pertaining to 
the tongue. 

glossalgia (glos-al'-je-ah) [glossa; akyos, pain]. 
Pain in the tongue. 

glossanthrax (glos-an'-thraks). Anthrax, or car- 
buncle of the tongue. 

glossauxesis (glos-awks-e'-sis) [glossa; avfrcris, 
increase]. Enlargement of the tongue. 

glossectomy (glos-ek' -to-me) [glossa; (ktoplti, exci- 
sion]. Amputation or excision of the tongue. 

Glossina (glos-si'-nah) [glossa]. A genus of biting 
flies. G. morsitans, a blood-sucking fly which 
transmits Trypanosoma brucei, the parasite of nagana, 



a cattle disease of South America. G. palpalis, a 
fly which transmits Trypanosoma gambiense, the 
parasite which causes sleeping sickness. 

glossitic (glos-it'-ik) [glossa; ins, inflammation]. 
Pertaining to or affected with glossitis. 

glossitis (glos-i'-tis) [glossa; ins, inflammation]. 
Inflammation of the tongue, g., dissecting, a form 
of chronic superficial glossitis characterized by deep 
furrows upon the tongue that appear to penetrate 
into the mucous membrane, g., idiopathic. Same 
as g., parenchymatous, g., interstitial. Same as 
g., parenchymatous, g., parasitic, an inflammation 
of the tongue said to be due to parasitic vegetations. 
It is also called glossophytia. g., parenchymatous, 
an inflammation of the tongue involving its substance 
as well as the mucous membrane, g. sclerosa, 
fibroplastic cellular infiltration of the tongue, pro- 
ducing a sclerosis. 

glosso- [yXuxraa, tongue]. A prefix signifying the 
tongue. 

glossocele (glos'-o-seV) [glossa; K17X77, tumor]. 
Swelling or edema of the tongue, with consequent 
extrusion of the organ. 

glossodesmus (glos-o-dez'-mus) [glossa; 5eo>i6s, 
bond]. The frenum linguae. 

glossodynamometer (glos-o-di-nam-om' -et-er) . An 
apparatus for estimating the capacity of the tongue 
to resist pressure. 

glossodynia (glos-o-din'-e-ah) [glossa; 65vvtj, pain]. 
Pain in the tongue, sometimes accompanied by 
exfoliation of its epithelium. 

glossoepiglottic, glossoepiglottidean (glos-o-ep-e- 
glot'-ik, glos-o-ep-e-glot-id'-e-an) [glosso-; epiglottis]. 
Pertaining to both tongue and epiglottis. 

glossograph (glos'-o-graf) [glosso-; ypatpeiv, to 
write]. An instrument for registering the move- 
ments of the tongue in speech. 

glossography (glos-og'-ra-fe) [glosso-; ypafaiv, to 
write]. A descriptive treatise upon the tongue. 

glossohyal, glossohyoid (glos-o-hi'-al, -oid) [glosso-; 
hyoid]. Pertaining to the tongue and the hyoid bone. 

glossoid (glos'-oid) [glossa; ei<5os, appearance]. 
Resembling a tongue. 

glossokinesthetic (glos-o-kin-es-thet'-ik) [glossa ; 
kinesthetic]. Relating to the subjective perception 
of the motions of the tongue in speech. 

glossolabial (glos-o-la'-be-al) [glosso-; labium, lip]. 
Relating to the tongue and lips. 

glossolabiolaryngeal paralysis (glos-o-la-be-o-lar- 
in'-je-al). See bulbar paralysis. 

glossolalia (glos-o-la'-le-ah) [glosso-; \a\la, speech]. 
The alleged speaking in foreign or unknown tongues 
by somnambulists. 

glossology (glos-ol'-o-je) [glosso-; \6yos, a treatise]. 
1. A treatise concerning the tongue. 2. Nomen- 
clature. 

glossolysis (glos-ol 1 -is-is) [glosso-; Xwns, a loosen- 
ing]. Paralysis of the tongue. _ 

glossomanteia, glossomantia (glos-o-man' -te-ah) 
[glosso-; navTtia, divination]. Prognosis of a disease 
based on the appearance of the tongue. 

glossoncus (glos-ong'-kus) [glossa; oyicos, tumor]. 
A swelling of the tongue. 

glossopalatine (glos-o-pal'-at-in) [glosso-; palatum, 
palate]. Relating to the tongue and the palate. 

glossopalatinus (glos-o-pal-at-i'-nus). See under 
muscle. 

glossopathy (glos-op'-ath-e) [glosso-; ttoBos, disease]. 
Any disease of the tongue. 

glossopeda (glos-o-pe'-dah) [glosso-; pes, foot]. 
Synonym of foot-and-mouth disease. 

glossopharyngeal (glos-o-far-in'-je-al) [glosso- ; 
pharynx]. 1. Pertaining to the tongue and the 
pharynx. 2. Pertaining to the glossopharyngeal 
nerve. 

glossopharyngeus (glos'-o-far-in'-je-us) [glosso-; 
pharynx]. A portion of the superior constrictor mus- 
cle of the pharynx. See muscles, table of. 

glossophyte, glossophyton (glos'-o-flt, glos-of -it-on) 
[glosso-; <pvrbv, plant]. A parasitic vegetation 
growing on the tongue, found in cases of nigrities 
linguae. 

glossophytia (glos-o-fi' -te-ah) [glosso-; 4>vr6v, a 
growth]. A dark discoloration of the tongue, due 
to the accumulation of spores and dead epithelium. 
Syn., black tongue. 

glossoplasty (glos'-o-plas-te) [glosso-; ■nXaao'ti.v, to 
form]. Plastic surgery of the tongue. 

glossoplegia (glos-o-ple'-je-ah) [glosso-; irXvyv, 
stroke]. Paralysis of the tongue. 



GLOSSOPTOSIS 



394 



GLUTITIS 



glossoptosis (glos-op-to'-sis) [glosso-; tttZhtis, a 
falling]. Synonym of macroglossia. 

glossorrhagia (glos-or-a'-je-ah) [glosso-; prtyvvvcu, 
to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from the tongue. 

glossorrhaphy (glos-or'-af-e) [glosso-; pa<pr), suture]. 
Surgical suturing of the tongue. 

glossoscopy (glos-os'-ko-pe) [glosso-; anoirelv, to 
inspect]. Diagnostic inspection of the tongue. 

glossosemeiotics (glos-o-sem-e-ot'-iks) [glosso- ; 
arineioeiv, to mark]. The study or science of the 
diagnostic and prognostic signs exhibited by the 
tongue. 

glossospasm (glos'-o-spazm) [glosso-; cnraap.6%, 
spasm]. Spasm of the tongue. 

glossosteresis (glos-o-ster-e'-sis) [glosso-; arkpi)ai%, 
privation]. Surgical excision of the tongue; absence 
of the tongue. 

glossotilt (glos'-o-tilt) [glosso-; riXXeu>, to pull]. 
An instrument by which the tongue is drawn forward 
during the process of artificial respiration. 

glossotomy (glos-ot'-o-me) [glosso-; rkywuv, to 
cut]. The dissection of the tongue. Also, the 
excision of the tongue. 

glossotrichia (glos-o-trik'-e-ah) [glosso-; 6 pit, hair]. 
Hairy tongue. 

glossy skin. A peculiar shining condition of the 
skin, due to trophic changes following injury or 
disease of the cutaneous nerves. 

glottagra (glot-a'-grah) [yXurra, tongue; ay pa, 
seizure]. Glossagra. 

glottal (glot'-al) [glottis]. Pertaining to the glottis. 

glottalgia (glot-al'-je-ah) [yXurra, tongue; &\yo$, 
pain]. Glossalgia. 

glottic (glot'-ik) [glotta; and glottis], i. Pertaining 
to the tongue. 2. Pertaining to the glottis. 

glottidean (glot-id'-e-an) [glottis]. Pertaining to 
the glottis. 

glottis (glot'-is) [yXurris, glottis]. The rima 
glottidis. The opening between the arytenoid 
cartilages, or the interval between the vocal bands; 
also, the structures collectively that surround that 
opening. 

glottiscope (glot'-is-kdp) [glottis; anoirelv, to 
inspect]. A form of laryngoscope. 

glottitis (glot-i'-tis). See glossitis. 

glottology (glot-ol'-o-je). See glossology. 

glou-glou (gloo' -gloo). A gurgling sound sup- 
posedly produced in the stomach by the respiratory 
pressure of the diaphragm; heard only when the 
stomach has become more or less vertical and while 
a tight corset is on. It is explained as being due to a 
temporary biloculation of the stomach by the corset. 

glove-area. (gluv). The area of anesthesia of the 
fingers, hand, and forearm in multiple neuritis. It 
corresponds to the region of skin covered by gloves 
of various lengths. 

glovers' stitch (gluv'-er). The continuous suture 
used especially in repairing wounds of the intestine. 

glucase (gloo'-kas). The enzyme that converts 
starch into glucose. 

glucin (gloo'-sin). The sodium salt of amido- 
triazin-sulphonic acid; a substance resembling sac- 
charin, but less sweet. 

glucinum (gloo-si'-num). See beryllium. 

glucogen {gloo' -ko-j en). See glycogen. 

glucohemia, glucohaemia (gloo-ko-he'-me-ah). See 
glycohemia. 

glucolysis (gloo-col'-is-is). See glycolysis. 

gluconic (gloo-kon'-ik) [glucose]. Of or pertaining 
to glucose. 

glucoprotein (gloo-ko-pro'-te-in). See glycoprotein. 

glucosamine. Same as glycosdmine. 

glucosazone (gloo-ko'-sa-zon). See phenylgluco- 
sazone. 

glucose (gloo'-kos) [y~KvKvs, sweet]. 1. CeHizOe. 
Grape-sugar; dextrose. A form of sugar found in 
many fruits, in blood and in lymph, and in the urine 
in diabetes. It is crystalline; its solution turns the 
plane of polarized light to the right; it is less soluble 
and less sweet than cane-sugar, and ferments readily. 
It can be obtained from starch by the action of 
diastatic ferments, or by boiling with dilute mineral 
acids, and crystallizes in nodular masses melting at 
86° F. 2. A generic name for a class of carbo- 
hydrates having the composition C6H12O6, and of 
which ordinary glucose is the type, g., tests for. 
See Almen, Baeyer, Barfoed, Baumann, Boettger, 
Braun, Crismer, Fehling, v. Gebhart, Gentele, Gerrard, 
Haines, Hassall, v. Jaksch, Knapp, Loewenthal, 
Maumen'e, Molisch, Moore, Mulder, Nylander, Pavy, 



Penzoldt, Roberts, Rubner, Saccharimeter, Schiff, 
Silver, Soldani, Tollen, Trommer, Wender, Worm- 
Muller. 

glucoside, glucosid (gloo'-ko-sid) [glucose]. Any 
member of a series of compounds that may be re- 
solved by an acid into glucose and another principle. 
The more important ones are amygdalin, arbutin, 
digitalin, and salicin. 

glucosin (glno'-ko-sin) [glucose]. 1. Any one of 
a series of bases obtained by the action of ammonia 
on glucose. 2. Trade name of a substitute for sugar. 

glucosuria (gloo'-ko-sil'-re-ah). See glycosuria. 

glucovanillin (gloo-ko-van-il'-in). See glycovanillin. 

glue (gloo) [Low L., glutem, accus. of glus, glue.] 
An impure gelatin prepared by boiling the skin, 
hoofs, and horns of animals. It is a very adhesive 
substance, and when cold, holds the surfaces between 
which it is placed firmly together, g.-like tumor, a 
glioma. 

Gluge's corpuscles (gloo'-geh) [Gottlieb Gluge, 
Belgian histologist, 1812-1898]. Compound granular 
corpuscles; compound granule-cells occurring in 
tissues that are the seat of fatty degeneration. 

gluside (gloo'-sid). Synonym of saccharin. See 
glusidum. 

glusidum (gloo'-sid-um) [y\vKvs, sweet], 

C 5 H4<^g 2 >NH. 

Saccharin. Benzoyl-sulphonicimide, a coal-tar deriv- 
ative. It is an intensely sweet, white powder, 200 
times as sweet as cane-sugar. It is antiseptic, and 
is used to disguise the taste of nauseous medicine. 
It may be used as a sweetening-agent in diabetes 
and in the treatment of corpulency. 

glutaeus (gloo-te'-us). See gluteus. 

glutamic acid (gloo-tam'-ik), C5H9NO4. A crystal- 
line acid found in gluten and other proteids. 

glutamine (gloo-tam'-in). An amine found in 
the juice of the beet, gourd, mustard, arid other 
plants. 

glutannin (gloo-tan'-in). Trade name of a com- 
bination of tannin and albumin. 

glutannol (gloo-tan'-ol). A proprietary intestinal 
astringent said to consist of vegetable fibrin and 
tannic acid. Dose, 4-15 gr. (0.25-1 gm.). 

glutaric acid (gloo-tar'-ik), CbHsOi. A crystalline 
acid found in decomposed pus. 

gluteal (gloo-te'-al) [gluteus]. Pertaining to the 
buttocks, g. artery. See under artery, g. muscles. 
See under muscle, g. nerve. See under nerve, g. 
reflex. See under reflex. 

glutei (gloo'-te-i). The muscles of the buttocks. 

glutelin (gloo'-te-lin). A class of simple proteins 
occurring in seeds of cereals; soluble in dilute acids 
and alkalies insoluble in neutral solutions. 

gluten (gloo'-ten) [L., "glue"]. A nitrogenous 
substance found in the seed of cereals. It consists 
mainly of gluten-fibrin, gluten-casein, gliadin, and 
mucedin. g.-bread, bread made from wheat-flour 
from which all the starch has been removed; it is used 
as a substitute for ordinary bread in diabetes, g.- 
casein, a nitrogenous substance resembling the casein 
of milk, and forming about 15 % of the gluten of 
flour. Syn., vegetable casein, g.-fibrin, C37H59N10O11, 
a brownish mass extracted from gluten. 

glutenin (gloo'-ten-in). A proteid of wheat. 

gluteofascial (gloo-te-o-fash'-e-al) [gluteus; fascia, 
bundle]. Relating to the fascia of the gluteal region. 

gluteofemoral (gloo-te-o-fem' -or-al) [gluteus ; femur]. 
Relating to the buttock and the thigh. 

gluteoinguinal (gloo-te-o-in'-gwin-al). Relating to 
the buttock and groin. 

gluteotrochanteric (gloo-te-o-tro-kan-ter'-ik). Re- 
lating to the gluteal muscle or region and the tro- 
chanter. 

gluteus (gloo-te'-us) [yXovros, buttock]. One of the 
large muscles of the buttock. See under muscle. 

glutin (gloo' -tin). 1. See gelatin. 2. Synonym of 
gluten-casein. 

glutinous (gloo'-tin-us). Viscid; glue-like. 

glutinpeptone sublimate (gloo-tin-pep'-ton). An 
antiseptic preparation of mercury containing 25 % 
of mercury bichloride and obtained by the action 
of hydrochloric acid on gelatin. It occurs as a 
hygroscopic white powder or a noncorrosive liquid 
used hypodermatically in syphilis. Dose 15 gr. 
(1 Gm.). / 

glutitis (gloo-ti'-tis) [gluteus; ins, inflammation]. 
Inflammation of the gluteal muscles. 



GLUTOFORM 



395 



GLYCOSIDE 



glutoform, glutol (gloo' -to- form, glu'-tol). See 
formaldehyde-gelatin. 

glutoid (gloo'-toid). A preparation of gelatin and 
formaldehyde insoluble in the stomach, but soluble 
in the intestine. It is used for coating pills or making 
capsules when intestinal medication is desired. 

glutolin (gloo' -to-lin). An albuminoid body from 
paraglobulin, supposed to be a constituent of blood- 
plasm. 

gluton (gloo' -ton). A dietetic substance obtained 
from gelatin by the action of acids at a high tempera- 
ture for several hours. 

Gluzinske's test for bile-pigments (gloo-zin'-ske) 
[Anton Gluzinski, Austrian physician]. Boil the 
solution for a few minutes with formalin, and an 
emerald-green coloration will result, changing to an 
amethyst-violet on the addition of a few drops of 
hydrochloric acid. 

glybolid (gli' -bo-lid). The proprietary name for 
an antiseptic paste made of equal parts of boralid and 
glycerin. Syn., glybrid. 

glybrid (gli'-brid). Same as glybolid. 

glycase (gli'-kas). An enzyme which converts 
maltose into dextrose. 

glyceleum (gli-se' -le-nm) [y\vKvs, sweet; eXcuov, 
oil]. A mixture of glycerin 2 parts, olive oil 6 parts, 
almond-meal 1 part; it is used as a base for ointments. 

glycemia, glycaemia (gli-se' -me-ah) [glucose; ai/ta, 
blood]. The presence of glucose in the blood. 

glyceric (glis-er'-ik). Derived from glycerid or 
glycerol.^ 

glycerid (glis'-er-id) [glycerol]. A compound of 
glycerol and an acid ; the neutral fats are glycerids. 

glycerin, glycerinum (glis'-er-in, glis-er-i'-num) 
[y\vKvs, sweet]. 1. See glycerol. 2. In the British 
Pharmacopeia, a solution of a medicinal substance 
in glycerol; a glycerite. g.-jelly, a mixture of 
glycerin and jelly, g. suppositories (suppositoria 
glycerini, U. S. P.), each contains 6 Gm. of glycerol; 
they are used in constipation, glycerinum pepticum, 
trade name of a glycerin extract of concentrated 
peptic enzyme. 

glycerite, glyceritum (glis'-er-it, glis-er-i'-tum) [see 
glycerin]. A mixture of medicinal substances with 
glycerol. The following glycerites are official: 
glyceritum acidi tannici; g. amyli; g. boroglycerini; 
g. jerri quinince et strychnines phosphatum ; g. hydrastis ; 
g. phenolis. 

glycerize (glis'-er-tz). To treat or mix with 
glycerin. 

glyceroborate (glis-er-o-bo'-rdt). A compound 
made by heating together equal parts of glycerin 
and a borate. 

glyceroformol (glis-er-o-for'-mol). An antiseptic 
substance formed by the prolonged action of formal- 
dehyde upon glycerin. 

glycerol (glis'-er-ol) [see glycerin], C3H 5 (HO) 3 . 
Glycerin. A colorless substance, of syrupy consist- 
ence, sweetish to the taste, obtained from fats and 
fixed oils. Chemically it is a triatomic alcohol, and 
may be looked upon as propenyl alcohol. It is 
soluble in water and in alcohol, and has a specific 
gravity of 1.25 at 15 C. It is used as a vehicle in 
pharmaceutical preparations, as an emollient appli- 
cation to the skin, as a laxative administered by the 
mouth or in suppository, for tampons in pelvic con- 
gestion, as a substitute for sugar in diabetes, as a 
mounting-medium in microscopy, and as an addition 
to bacteriologic culture-mediums. 

glycerolate, glycerolatum (glis'-er-o-ldl, glis-er-o-la'- 
lum). Same as glycerite. g., aromatic, a sticky, 
transparent substance consisting of tragacanth, 
4 parts; acetone, 30 parts; glycerol, 46 parts; water, 
18 parts; aromatic perfume, 4 parts; it is recom- 
mended in the treatment of skin diseases. 

glycerophosphate (glis-er-o-fos'-fat). A combina- 
tion of glycerol and phosphoric acid with a base. 

glycerose (glis'-er-os), CaHeOs. Triose; a substance 
derived from glycerol. It is the lowest glucose, 
and is a mixture of glycerol aldehyde and dioxy- 
acetone. 

glyceryl (glis'-er-il) [glycerol]. The trivalent 
radical, C3H5, of glycerol, combining with the fatty 
acids to form the neutral fats. g. borate. See 
boroglycerin. g. trinitrate, spirit of (spiritus glycerylis 
nilralis, U. S. P.), spirit of nitroglycerin. 

glycid (gli'-sid) [yXvuix, sweet], C3H6O2. The 
oxide of hydroxypropene. It is isomeric with acetol 
and lactic aldehyde. 

glycin (gli' -sin). Synonym of glycocoll. 



glycina (glis-i'-nah). Soya-bean. See soja. 

glyco- (gli-ko-) [jXvkvs, sweet]. A prefix meaning 
sweet. 

glycoblastol (gli-ko-blas'-tol). A proprietary hair 
restorer said to consist of alcohol, glycerin, and 
capsicum. 

glycocholate (gli-ko-ko'-ldt). A salt of glycocholic 
acid. 

glycocholic acid (gli-ko-kol'-ik) [glyco-; xo\n, bile]. 
An acid found in the bile. See acid, glycocholic. 

glycocide (gli'-ko-sid). See glucoside. 

glycocin (gli'-ko-sin). See glycin. 

glycocoll (gli'-ko-kol) [glyco-; K 6\\a, glue], C2H5NO2. 
It is obtained when glycocholic acid is boiled with 
caustic potash, baryta-water, or with dilute mineral 
acids; also by boiling gelatin with dilute acids. It 
is capable of acting as a base and as an acid. Syn., 
aminoacetic acid; gelatin-sugar ; glycin. 

glycoformal (gli-ko-form'-al) . A disinfectant com- 
posed of an aqueous solution of formic aldehyde and 
glycerin. 

glycogelatin (gli-ko- j el' -at-in). An ointment base 
consisting of glycerol and gelatin. 

glycogen (gli'-ko-jen) [glyco-; yewav, to produce]. 
A carbohydrate found in the form of amorphous 
granules in the liver-cells, in all tissues of the embryo, 
in the testicle, muscles, leukocytes, fresh pus-cells, 
cartilage, and other tissues. It is formed from 
carbohydrates and probably also from proteins, 
and is stored in the liver, where it is converted, as 
the system requires, into sugar (glucose). It is also 
known as animal starch. Glycogen is soluble in 
water, is dextrorotatory, and is colored red by 
iodine. 

glycogenal, glycogenol (gli-ko' -jen-al, -ol). A 
substance allied to glycogen. It is used in tubercu- 
losis by inhalation and internally. Dose 15-23 gr. 
( 1. 0-1.5 Gm.). 

glycogenosis (gli-ko-jen'-es-is) [y\vKvs, sweet; 
yeveffLS, production]. The formation of sugar in the 
animal economy, whether normal or pathologic. 

glycogenetic (gli-ko-jen-et'-ik). Pertaining to the 
formation of sugar or of glycerin. 

glycogenic (gli-ko- j en' -ik). Pertaining to glycogen 
or to glycogenesis. 

glycogeny (gli-koj'-en-e) [glycogen]. Glycogenesis. 

glycohemia, glycohsemia (gli-ko-he' -me-ah) [glyco-; 
alfia, blood]. A saccharine condition of the blood 
Syn., glycemia. 

glycoheroin (gli-ko-her'-o-in). A proprietary liquid 
expectorant said to contain heroine and hyoscj^amine. 
Dose 1 dr. (4 Cc). 

glycol (gli'-kol) [yXvKvs, sweet]. A diatomic alcohol. 

glycolamine (gli-kol-am'-in) . Synonym of glycocoll. 

glycolic, glycollic (gli-kol'-ik). Derived from 
glycol. 

glycoline (gli'-kol- en). A purified petroleum for use 
in atomizers. 

glycolysis (gli-kol'-is-is) [glyco-; Xwm, dissolution]. 
The hydrolysis of sugar in the body. 

glycolytic (gli-kol-it'-ik) [glucose; Xwm, dissolution]. 
Splitting up sugars; pertaining to glycolysis. 

glyconeogenesis (gli-ko-ne-o-jen'-es-is) [glyco-; vkos, 
new; 7ej>i'ai/, to produce]. The formation of carbo- 
hydrates from substances which are not carbo- 
hydrates, as protein or fat. 

glyconin (gli'-ko-nin). A mixture of yolk of egg, 
45, and glycerol, 55 parts. Syn., glyceritum vitelli. 

glycopolyuria (gli-ko-pol-e-u'-re-ah) [glyco-; poly- 
uria]. Bouchardat's term for diabetes, attended 
with a moderate quantity of sugar in the urine and 
with an increase of lithic acid in the blood. 

glycoproteins (gli-ko-pro'-te-ins) [glyco-; protein]. 
Compound proteins which on decomposition yield a 
protein on one side and a carbohydrate or derivatives 
of the same on the other. Some glycoproteins are 
free from phosphorus (mucins, mucinoids, and hyalo- 
gens) and some contain it (phosphoglycoproteins). 

glycorrhea (gli-kor-e'-ah) [glyco-; poLa, flow]. A 
discharge of saccharine fluid from the body. 

glycosal (gli'-ko-sal). Monosalicylic glycerol ester, 
a white powder readily soluble in hot water and 
alcohol, and less freely in ether and chloroform. It is 
antirheumatic. Dose 8-150 gr. (0.52-9.75 Gm.) a 
day. Applied in 20 % alcoholic solution. 

glycosamine (gli-kos'-am-in). See chitin. 

glycosemia, glycosaemia (gli-ko-se' -me-ah). See 
glycemia and glycohemia. 

glycoses (gli-ko' -sez). Same as glucoses, q. v. 

glycoside (gli'-ko-sid). Glucoside. 



GLYCOSOLVEOL 



396 



GOITROUS 



glycosolveol (gli-ko-sol'-ve-ol). A proprietary- 
remedy for diabetes said to be obtained from peptone 
by action of oxypropionic acid and from trypsin by 
action of a compound of theobromine. 

glycosometer (gli-ko-som'-et-er) [glyco-; perpov, a 
measure]. An instrument for use in the estimation 
of the percentage of sugar in diabetic urine. 

glycosuria {gli-ko-su'-re-ah) [ghicose; ovpov, urine]. 
The presence of grape-sugar in the urine. For tests 
see under glucose, g., alimentary, that due to ex- 
cessive ingestion of carbohydrates, g., anxiety (of 
v. Nqorden), a transitory form due to worry, g., 
artificial, a condition resulting from puncture of 
the diabetic center in the bulb. _ Syn., artificial 
diabetes; traumatic glycosuria, g., diabetic, that in 
which sugar and oxybutyric acid and its derivatives 
are passed in the urine, g., lipogenic, the glycosuria 
of obese subjects which does not amount to true 
diabetes, g., persistent. Synonym of diabetes 
mellitus. g., toxic, that observed after poisoning by 
chloral, morphine, or curara, after inhalation of 
chloroform or carbonic monoxide, and after £he inges- 
tion of phloridzin. g., traumatic. See g., artificial. 
g. of vagrants, a transient form occurring in underfed 
vagrants. 

glycothymolin (gli-ko-thi'-tnol-in). An antiseptic 
cleansing solution for the treatment of diseased 
mucous membrane. Said to consist of glycerol, 
sodium, boric acid, thymol, menthol, salicylic acid 
eucalyptol, and other antiseptics. 

glycovanillin (gli-ko-van-il'-in), CeH3(OCH)3(OC6- 
Hii0 5 )CHO+2H 2 0. The glucoside of vanillin, 
formed by the oxidation of coniferin with dilute 
chromium trioxide. Syn., glucovanillin. 

glycozone (gli'-ko-zon). A combination of pure 
glycerol with 15 times its own volume of ozone at 
o° C. It is a healing agent, used in gastric ulcer, 
etc., in teaspoonful doses diluted with water. 

glycuronic acid (gli-ku-ron'-ik). See acid, glycu- 
ronic. 

glycuronuria (gli-kii-ron-u'-re-ah) [glyco-; ovpov, 
urine]. The presence of glycuronic acid in the urine. 

glycyltryptophan (gli-sil-trip'-to-fan) . A compound 
of glycin and tryptophan radicals, used as a test for 
cancer of the stomach. 

glycyrrhea (gli-sir-e'-ah) [yXwus, sweet; pelv, to 
flow]. Any discharge of glucose from the body. 
glycyrrhoea urinosa. Synonym of diabetes mellitus. 

glycyrrhetin (gli-sir'-e-tin) [yXvKvs, sweet; pifa, 
root], C18H26O4. An amorphous bitter substance in 
licorice-root. 

glycyrrhiza (glis-ir-i'-zah) [yXwc&s, sweet; pifa, 
root]. Licorice. The root of G. glabra, a demulcent 
and mild laxative of sweet taste. It is used in 
catarrhal affections and as an ingredient of pills. 
g., extract of (extractum glycyrrhiza, U. S. P.). Dose 
IS gr. (1 Gm.). g., extract of, pure {extractum 
glycyrrhiza purum, U. S. P.), used for making pills. 
g., fluidextract of (fiuidextr actum glycyrrhiza, U. S. 
P.), used as a vehicle for administering quinine, g., 
mixture of, compound (mistura glycyrrhiza composita, 
U. S. P.), brown mixture. Dose 1-4 dr. (4-16 Cc). 
g., powder of, compound (pulvis glycyrrhiza com- 
positus, U. S. P.). Dose 1 dr. (4 Gm.). g., troches 
of, and opium (trochisci glycyrrhiza et opii, U. S. P.). 
Dose 1 or 2. 

glycyrrhizin, glycyrrhizinum (glis-ir-i'-zin, -iz-i'- 
num) [glycyrrhiza]. The active principle of licorice- 
root. It is in reality an acid, glycyrrhizic acid, 
C44H63NO19. g., ammoniated {glycyrrhizinum am- 
moniatum, U. S. P.), a sweet preparation used as a 
substitute for licorice. Dose 5-1 5 gr- (0.32-1.0 Gm.). 

glykaolin (gli-ka'-ol-in). A compound of alumi- 
nium silicate, phenyl salicylate, and glycerol made 
into a smooth paste; it is indicated in the treatment 
of wounds, ulcers, sprains, burns, etc. 

glymol (gli'-mol). A proprietary, preparation 
said to be obtained from petroleum; it is used in 
diseases of the nose and throat. 

glyoxal (gli-oks'-al) [yXvKvs, sweet; 6£aXts, sorrel], 
C2H2O2. A substance formed by oxidizing acetalde- 
hyde with HNO3. It is an amorphous non-volatile 
mass that deliquesces in the air, and is soluble in 
alcohol and in ether. 

glyoxalin (gli-oks'-al-in) [yXvKvs, sweet; [6£a\Ls, 
sorrel], C3H4N2. A substance produced by the 
action of ammonia upon glyoxal. It is easily soluble 
in water, alcohol and ether, and crystallizes in 
brilliant prisms, melting at 89 C. and boiling at 
255° C. 



gm. An abbreviation of gram, or gramme. 

Gmelin's test for bile-pigments in the urine 
(ma'-lin) [Leopold Gmelin, German physiologist, 
1788-1853]. Fuming nitric acid is carefully added, 
so that it forms a sublayer. At the junction of the 
two liquids a series of colored layers is formed, in the 
following order, from above downward: green, blue, 
violet, red, and reddish-yellow. The green ring 
must always be present, and the reddish-violet at the 
same time; otherwise the reaction might be con- 
founded with that for lutein. 

gnat (nat). A dipterous insect, the Culex pipiens, 
differing but slightly from the common mosquito, 
with which it is popularly confounded. The "bite" 
consists in a piercing of the skin and the withdrawal 
of a minute quantity of blood. The gnat has no 
sting or poison-glands. 

gnathalgia (nath-al'-je-ah) [gnathion; &X70S, pain]. 
Pain or neuralgia of the jaw. 

gnathankylosis (nath-ang-kil-o' -sis) [gnathion ; anky- 
losis]. Ankylosis of the jaw. 

gnathic (na'-thik) [gnathion]. Pertaining to the 
jaw. g. index. See index, gnathic. 

gnathion (na'-the-on) [yvaBos, jaw]. The lowest 
point in the median line of the inferior maxilla. 

gnathitis (nath-i'-tis) [gnathion; wis, inflammation]. 
Inflammation of the jaw or cheek. 

gnatho- (nath-o-) [yvados, the jaw]. A prefix 
signifying the jaw or cheek. 

gnathocephalus (nath-o-sef'-al-us) [gnathion ; 
/c«0aXi7, the head]. A monster lacking all parts of 
the head except large jaws. 

gnathodynia (nath-o-din'-e-ah) [gnatho-; 6bwq, 
pain]. Pain in the jaw, gnathalgia. 

gnathoneuralgia (nath-o-nu-ral'-je-ah) [gnatho- ; 
neuralgia]. See gnathalgia. 

gnathoparalysis (nath-o-par-aV-is-is) [gnatho-; par- 
alysis]. Paralysis of the jaw. 

gnathoplasty (nath'-o-plas-te) [gnatho-; ■n-'Kao-aeiv, to 
shape]. Plastic surgery of the cheek. 

gnathoplegia (nath-o-ple'-je-ah) [gnatho-; ir\y)yq, 
stroke]. Paralysis of the cheek. 

gnathorrhagia (nath-or-a'-je-ah) [gnatho-; fayvvvai, 
to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from the mucous 
membrane of the cheek or from the jaws. 

gnathoschisis (nath-os'-kis-is) [gnatho-; o-xtfeiv, to 
split]. Cleft-jaw. 

gnathospasmus (nath-o-spaz'-mus) [gnatho-; 
spasm]. Locked jaw; trismus. 

gnoscopine (nos'-ko-pin), C34H36N2O11. A crystal- 
line alkaloid of opium. 

Goa-powder. See araroba. 

goblet-cells. Beaker-shaped cells found in mucous 
membranes. 

Godfrey's cordial. A non-official preparation of 
opium containing from half a grain to a grain and a 
half of opium to the ounce. 

Goggia's sign {god' -yah). If the biceps muscle of 
the arm is pinched there is a general fibrillation, in a 
state of health; and a locally limited fibrillation in 
cases of asthenic disease. 

goggle-eyed (gog'l'-id). A vulgar synonym of 
exophthalmos and of strabismus. 

goggles (gog'-lz) [O. E. goggle, to roll the eyes]. 
Spectacles with colored lenses and wire or cloth 
sides, to protect the eyes from excessive light or dust. 

goiter (goi'-tr) [guttur, throat]. Enlargement of 
the thyroid gland. Syn.; bronchocele; Derbyshire 
neck; tracheocele, g., aberrant, g., accessory, that 
of an accessory thyroid gland, g., aerial. See 
aerocele. g., amyloid, a form associated with amyloid 
degeneration of the small arteries, capillaries, and 
follicles, g., anemic. Synonym of g., exophthalmic. 
g., cancerous, g., carcinomatous, carcinoma of the 
thyroid gland, g., exophthalmic, a disease charac- 
terized by cardiac palpitation, goiter, exophthalmos, 
tremor, palpitation being usually the initial symptom. 
Syn., Basedow's disease; Graves' disease. See Abadie, 
Dalrymple, Graefe, Stellwag, Vigoroux. Also see 
under Ballet, Becker, Bryson, Joffroy, Marie, Moebius. 
g., perivascular, one surrounding an important blood 
vessel, g., pituitary, cystic and follicular degenera- 
tion in the ^hypophysis similar to that occurring in 
the thyroid gland, g., pneumoguttural. See aero- 
cele. g., renovascular, one traversed anteriorly by 
a large blood-vessel. 

goitriferous (goi-trif -er-us) [goiter; ferre, to bear]. 
Giving rise to goiters. 

goitrous (goi'-trus) [goiter]. Relating to or affected 
with goiter. 



GOLD 



397 



GONOCOCCUS 



gold. See aurum. g.-beaters' skin, a thin mem- 
brane prepared from the cecum of the ox. g. cure, 
the Keeley cure, g., fulminating, AmCMNHUK a 
compound obtained from auric oxide, or auric hy- 
drate by action of ammonia; a greenish-brown 
powder exploding with great violence on heating or 
percussion. 

goldenseal. See Hydrastis. 

Goldflam's disease (golt'-flahm) [Sigismund Gold- 
flam, Polish physician]. See Erb's disease. 

Goldscheider-Marinesco's law. The fewer con- 
nections a neuron has, and, consequently, the fewer 
stimuli it receives, the less is its tendency to degenera- 
tion. 

Golgi's cells (gol'-je) [Camillo Colgi, Italian anato- 
mist, 1844- ]. Nerve-cells with very short 
processes found in the gray matter of the brain and 
spinal cord. G.'s corpuscles, tendon-spindles; small 
fusiform bodies resembling the Pacinian corpuscles, 
existing in tendons at the junction of the tendinous 
fibers with the muscular fibers. They have not been 
found in the ocular muscles. G.'s cycle, that phase 
of development of the Plasmodium malaria which 
occurs in human blood. See Ross, cycle of. G.'s 
funnels, funnel-shaped structures composed of spiral 
threads, described by Golgi and others as surrounding 
the axis-cylinder of a myelinic nerve-fiber and sup- 
porting the myelin. They appear to be artificially 
produced in the process of staining. 

Golgi-Mazzoni's corpuscles. See Mazzoni's cor- 
puscles. 

Golgi-Rezzonico's funnels. See Golgi's funnels. 

Goll's column [Friedrich Goll, Swiss anatomist, 
1820-1903]. The posterointernal column of the 
spinal cord. G.'s nucleus, a small nucleus in the 
fasciculus gracilis of the oblongata in which the long 
fibers of Goll's column terminate. 

Golonboff's sign of chlorosis. An acute pain 
located directly over the spleen, and pain on per- 
cussion over the ends of the long bones, especially 
the tibia. 

Goltz's experiment [Friedrich Leopold Goltz, 
German physician, 1834- ]. Arrest of the 
heart's action produced in the frog by repeated 
tapping of the abdomen. 

Gombault-Phillippe's triangle [Albert Frangois 
Gombault, French physician, 1844- ]. The tri- 
angular area formed in the conus medullaris by the 
fibers which, higher up, compose the oval field of 
Flechsig. 

gomenol (go'-men-ol). A syrup used in pertussis 
said to be prepared from the leaves of Melaleuca 
leucadendron. Dose 5-50 min. (0.33-3.33 Cc.) in 
capsules. 

gomphiasis (gom-fi'-as-is) [yo^ios, a molar tooth]. 
Looseness of the teeth. 

gomphosis (gom-fo'-sis). See synarthrosis. 

gonacratia (gon-ak-ra'-she-ah) [yovr), semen; aicpa- 
reia, incontinence]. Spermatorrhea. 

gonad (gon'-ad) [yovr), semen: pi., gonades]. A 
sexual gland; a testicle or ovary. 

gonades (gon'-ad-ez) [gonad]. The reproductive 
organs; genitalia. 

gonaduct (gon'-ad-ukt) [yovr), semen; ductus, a 
duct]. The excretory duct of a reproductive gland; 
an oviduct or a seminal duct. 

gonae (go'-ne) [L.]. The genitals. 

gonagra (gon-a'-grah) [ybw, knee; ay pa, seizure]. 
Gout of the knee-joint. 

gonal (go'-nal). A proprietary remedy for gonor- 
rhea, cystitis, etc., said to be the active principle of 
sandalwood oil. Dose, 10-20 m. (0.66-1.33 cc). 

gonalgia (gon-al'-je-ah) [ybw, knee; a\yos, pain]. 
Pain in the knee-joint. 

gonangiectomy (go-nan-je-ek'-to-me) [ybvos, gen- 
eration; ayytlov, vessel; iKTOfxi), excision]. Excision 
of a portion of the vas deferens. 

gonarthritis (gon-ar-thri'-tis) [ybw, knee; arthritis]. 
1. Inflammation of the knee-joint. 2. Synonym of 
Gonorrheal synovitis. 

gonarthrocace (gon-ar-throk'-as-e) [ybvv, knee; 
apdpov, a joint; kcuoj, evil]. White swelling of the 
knee-joint. 

gonarthromeningitis (gon-ar-thro-men-in-ji'-tis) 

[ybw, knee; apdpov, a joint; (j.r)viy£, membrane; 
ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the synovial 
membrane of the knee. 

gonarthrotomy (gon-ar-throl'-o-me) [ybw, knee; 
apdpov, joint; 7-0/417, incision]. Incision into the 
knee-joint. 



gonatalgia (gon-at-al'-je-ah). See gonalgia. 

gonatocele (gon-at'-o-sel) [ybw, knee; M7X17, 
tumor]. A swelling or tumor of the knee; white 
swelling. 

gonecyst, gonecystis {gon'-e-sist, gon-e-sis'-tis) 
[yovr), semen; kvo-tls, cyst]. A seminal vesicle. 

gonecystic (gon-e-sis'-tik). Pertaining to a gone- 
cyst. 

gonecystitis (gon-e-sis-ti'-tis) [gonecyst; vrvs, inflam- 
mation]. Inflammation of the seminal vesicles. 

gonecystolith (gon-e-sis'-to-lith) [yovfj, semen; 
kvo-tis, cyst; \L8os, stone]. A concretion or calculus 
in a seminal vesicle. 

gonecystoncus (gon-e-sis-tong'-kus) [gonecyst; by kos, 
tumor]. Any tumor of a seminal vesicle. 

gonecystopyosis (gon-e-sist-o-pi-o'-sis) [gonecyst ; 
irvwais, suppuration]. Suppuration of a gonecyst. 

goneitis (gon-e-i'-tis) [ybw, knee; it is, inflamma- 
tion]. Inflammation of the knee. 

gonepoiesis (gon-e-poi-e'-sis) [yov-q, semen; iroulv, 
to make]._ The secretion or elaboration of semen. 

gonepoietic (gon-e-poi-et'-ik) [yovr), semen; iroulv, 
to make]. Pertains to secretion of semen. 

gongrona {gon-gro'-nah) [yoyypwvr], a ganglion]. 
Synonym of goiter. 

gongyloid (gon'-jil-oid) [yoyyvXos, round; eT5os, 
likeness]. Having an irregular round shape. 

gonic (gon'-ik) [yovr), semen]. Pertaining to 
semen or to generation. 

gonid (go'-nid) , gonidium (go-nid'-e-um) [yovrj, seed; 
pi., gonidia]. In biology, (a) one of the grass-green 
algal elements of the lichen thallus; (6) also applied 
to various asexually produced reproductive bodies. 

gonidia (go-nid'-e-ah). Plural of gonidium. 

goniocraniometry (go-ne-o-kra-ne-om'-et-re) [yuvia, 
angle; craniometry]. Measurement of the cranial 
angles. 

goniometer (go-ne-om'-et-er) [gonion; p.krpov, a 
measure]. An apparatus for measuring lateral curva- 
tures, adduction and abduction in hip-joint disease, 
the angle of ankylosed joints, etc., and the angles 
of crystals, g., vesical, an apparatus to measure the 
angle formed by the long axis of the urethra with a 
line drawn from the internal urethral orifice to the 
mouth of the ureter. 

goniometry (go-ne-om'-et-re). The measurement 
of angles. 

gonion (go'-ne-on) [yuvia, an angle]. The outer 
side of the angle of the inferior maxilla. 

gonioscope (go'-ne-o-skop) [ywvia, angle; o-Kowelv, 
to see]. An apparatus used in noting the varying 
angles made by the optical axis with the lines of muscle 
action. 

goniozygomatic (go-ne-o-zi-go-mat'-ik) [ycovia, an an- 
gle; zygoma]. Relating to the gonion and the zygoma. 

gonitis (go-ni'-tis) [ybw, knee; iris, inflammation]. 
Inflammation of the knee-joint. 

gonoblast (gon'-o-blast) [ybvos, generation; /3Xa«rr6s, 
germ]. A sperm-cell or germ-cell; any cell con- 
cerned directly in reproduction; a spermatozoon; an 
ovum. 

gonobolia (gon-o-bo'-le-ah) [yovf), semen; fiaWeiv, 
to throw]. 1. The ejaculation of semen. 2. Sperma- 
torrhea. 

gonocele (gon'-o-sel) [1] [ybw, knee; /ct/Xtj, tumor]. 
A swelling of the knee. [2] [ybvrj, semen; Kr)\rj, tumor]. 
1. A tumor of a testis, or of a spermatic cord, due 
to retention of semen. 2. Synonym of gonorrheal 
rheumatism. 

gonochorismus (gon-o-kor-iz'-mus) [ybvos, genera- 
tion, sex; xwpier/nos, separation]. In biology, the 
specialization of sex; the differentiation of male or 
female genitalia in a developing embryo; the separa- 
tion of the sexes in phylogeny. 

gonocide (gon'-o-sid) [gonococcus; ccedere, to kill]. 

1. Destructive to the gonococcus. 2. An agent 
which kills the gonococcus. 

gonococcal (gon-o-kok'-al). Relating to the gono- 
coccus. 

gonococcemia, gonococcaemia (gon-o-kok-se'-me-ah) 
[gonococcus ; alp.a, blood]. Gonococci in the blood. 

gonococcia (gon-o-kok'-se-ah). See gonohemia. 

gonococcic (gon-o-kok'-sik). Pertaining to the 
gonococcus; gonococcal. 

gonococcicide {gon-o-kok'-se-sid) [gonococcus; 
ccedere, to kill]. 1. Destructive to the gonococcus. 

2. An agent which kills the gonococcus. 
gonococcus (gon-o-kok'-us) [yovr), semen; kokkos, a 

berry]. The specific organism causing gonorrhea. 
See Micrococcus gonorrhace. 



GONOCYTE 



398 



GOUT 



gonocyte (gon'-o-slt) [yovrj, semen; kvtos, cell]. 
Van Beneden's name for the ovum which contains 
only the female pronucleus, the male part having 
been expelled as directive bodies, g., male, a sper- 
matozoon. 

gonohemia, gonohaemia (gon-o-he'-me-ah) [gonor- 
rhea ; alua, blood]. Generalized gonorrheal infection. 

gonoid (go'-noid) [yov-q, semen; eUos, appearance]. 
Resembling semen. 

gonopepsin {gon-o-pep'-sin). A preparation said 
to consist of pepsin, boric acid, infusion of cran- 
berries, and water; it is intended as a gonorrheal 
injection. 

gonophore (gon'-o-for) [yovrj, seed; <£6pos, bearer]. 
Any structure which conducts or stores up the sexual 
cells; the vas deferens, seminal vesicles, Fallopian 
tubes, or uterus. 

gonopoiesis (gon-o-poi-e'-sis). See gonepoiesis. 

gonopoietic (gon-o-poi-et'-ik) [ybvos, generation, 
seed; iroitiTiKos, productive]. In biology, productive 
of reproductive elements, as ova or spermatozoa. 

gonorol (gon'-or-ol). A proprietary remedy for 
gonorrhea said to contain the active principles of 
sandalwood oil. 

gonorrhea, gonorrhoea (gon-or-e'-ah) [yovh, semen; 
pola, a flow]. A specific infectious inflammation 
of the mucous membrane of the urethra and adjacent 
cavities, due to the gonococcus of Neisser. The 
disease is characterized by pain, burning urination, 
a profuse mucopurulent discharge, and a protracted 
course. It is likely to become chronic, and is fre- 
quently accompanied by complications — prostatitis, 
periurethral abscess, epididymitis, cystitis, purulent 
conjunctivitis. It may also cause arthritis (gonor- 
rheal rheumatism), endocarditis, and, in women, 
salpingitis, g., dry, a form unassociated with 
discharge. 

gonorrheal, gonorrhceal (gon-or-e'-al) [gonorrhea]. 
Relating to gonorrhea, as gonorrheal ophthalmia. 
g. arthritis, or rheumatism, inflammation of one or 
more joints as a sequel of gonorrhea. 

gonosan (gon'-o-san). Trade name of a remedy for 
gonorrhea, said to contain kava-kava and sandalwood 
oil. 

gonoscheocele (gon-os'-ke-o-sel) [yovr/, semen; 
boxtov, scrotum; kt\\t\, tumor]. A distention of the 
testicle with semen. 

gonotoxemia, gonotoxsemia (gon-o-toks-e'-me-ah) . 
Toxemia attributable to infection with the gono- 
coccus. 

gonotoxin (gon-o-toks'-in). A nondialyzable toxin 
produced both in the cocci and in the culture- 
mediums by gonococci. 

gonyagra (gon-e-a'-grah). See gonagra. 

gonyalgia (gon-e-al'-je-ah). See gonalgia. 

gonybatia (gon-e-ba'-she-ah) [yow, knee; fialveiv, 
to go]. Walking upon the knees; a symptom en- 
countered in some paralytic and paretic cases. 

gonycampsis (gon-e-kamp'-sis) [yow, knee; nanxpis, 
curve]. Deformity of the knee by curvation. 

gonyectyposis (gon-e-ek-ti-po'-sis) [yow, knee; 
€KTvirucri.s, a squeezing out]. A bending of the knee 
outwards; genu varunu 

gonyocele (gon'-e-o-sel) [yow, knee; /07AJ7, tumor]. 
Same as gonyoncus. 

gonyoncus {gon-e-ong'-kus) [yow, knee; oykos, 
tumor]. A tumor or swelling of the knee. 

gonytyle (gon-e-ti'-le) [yow, knee; 7-6A17, pad]. A 
prominent thickening of the skin upon the knee. 

Goodell's law, G.'s sign [William Goodell, American 
gynecologist, 1829-1894]. When the cervix uteri is as 
hard as one's nose, pregnancy does not exist; when it 
is as soft as one's lips, pregnancy is probable. 

goose-flesh, g.-skin. Skin marked by prominence 
about the hair-follicles. Syn., cutis anserina. 

Gordinier's writing-center. An area in the cortex 
cerebri for the educated movements necessary in 
writing. It is at the posterior end of the medi- 
frontal gyrus of the left cerebral hemisphere in right- 
handed people. m - 

Gordon reflex or paradoxical reflex (gor-dun) 
[Alfred Gordon, American neurologist, 1869- ]. 
Extension of great toe or all the toes when the deep 
flexor muscles of leg are being compressed. Found 
in disease of pyramidal tract anywhere between its 
origin in the cortex cerebri and its termination at 
the various levels of the spinal cord. 

gorget (gor'-jet) [gurges, a chasm]. A channeled 
instrument, similar to a grooved director, used in 
lithotomy. 



gorit {gor'-it). Trade name of a preparation of 
calcium peroxide. 

gorondou (go-ron'-doo). Same as goundou. 

Gosselin's fracture (gos-lan) [Leon Athanase 
Gosselin, French surgeon, 18 15-1887]. A V-shaped 
fracture of the lower end of the tibia. 

gossypiin (gos-ip'-e-in) [gossypium]. A precipitate 
from a tincture of the root-bark of Gossypium her- 
baceum, recommended as an emmenagogue and 
diuretic. Dose, 1 to 5 grains. 

Gossypium {gos-ip'-e-um) [L.]. The cotton-tree, 
Gossypium herbaceum, and other species of Gossypium, 
of the order Malvacece. gossypii cortex (U. S. P.), 
cottonroot bark, is used as an emmenagogue, especi- 
ally in the form of the fluidextract. Dose |-r dr. 
(2-4 Cc). G. purificatum (U. S. P.), purified cotton; 
absorbent cotton; cotton-wool; the hairs of the seed 
of Gossypium herbaceum and of other species of 
Gossypium, used as a dressing and as a substitute for 
sponges in surgery; in pharmacy, as a filtering 
medium, gossypii seminis, oleum (U. S. P.), cotton- 
seed oil, is used in ointments. See also cotton. 

gossypol (gos'-ip-ol). A crystalline compound 
isolated from cotton-seed, allied to tannin. 

gothic palate. An enormously high palatal arch. 

Gottstein's basal process (got'-siln) [Jakob Gott- 
stein, German otologist, 1832-1895]. The attenuated 
process of an outer hair-cell connecting the latter 
with the basilar membrane of Corti's organ. 

gouge (gowj) [Ft.].. An instrument for cutting or 
removing bone or other hard structures. 

Goulard's cerate (goo-lar') [Thomas Goulard, 
French physician, 1784- ]. A mixture of lead 
subacetate, 20, and cerate of camphor, 80. G.'s 
extract, an aqueous liquid containing lead acetate, 
180; lead oxide, no; distilled water, 710. Syn., 
liquor plumbi subacetatis. 

Gould's bowed-head sign (goold) [George Milbry 
Gould, American ^ophthalmologist, 1848- ]. In 
retinitis pigmentosa or other disease destroying the 
peripheral portion of the retina the patient often bows 
the head low to see the pavement, in order to bring 
the image upon the functional portion of the retina. 

Gouley's catheter (goo'-le) [John William Severin 
Gouley, American surgeon, 1832- ]. A solid 
curved, steel instrument, grooved on its inferior 
aspect, for passing over a guide, through a stricture, 
into the bladder. 

goundou (goon'-doo) . An affection occurring among 
the negroes of the western coast of Africa. It con- 
sists of the growth of two bony, ovoid, symmetrical 
tumors which arise at the root of the nose on each 
side and which, by their growth, narrow the nasal 
fossa? and interfere with vision. 

Gouraud's disease (goo-ro) [Vincent Olivier 
Gouraud, French Surgeon, 1 772-1 848]. Inguinal 
hernia. 

Gousset's symptoms of phrenic neuralgia. A 
painful point, always present and well defined, to the 
right of the fourth or fifth chondrosternal articula- 
tion; it must not be confounded with the retrosternal 
pain of chronic aortitis. 

gout (gowt) [gutta, a drop]. A disease characterized 
by a paroxysmal painful inflammation of the small 
joints, particularly the great toe, accompanied by 
the deposit of sodium urate. The attack usually 
comes on at night, is attended by a dusky, glazed 
swelling of the joint and agonizing pain, and disap- 
pears with a sweat in the morning, to recur again at 
night. In some cases gout presents an atypical 
form, appearing as dyspepsia, bronchitis, or intestinal 
catarrh; at times it produces pneumonia and inflam- 
mation of the serous membranes. The cause of 
gout is not definitely known, but is connected with 
an excess of uric acid or urates in the blood. The 
disease is most common injhigh livers, g., anomalous, 
g., atypical, that marked by unusual symptoms or 
at first affecting unusual parts of the body, g., 
asthenic, g., atonic, a chronic form marked by 
enlargement of the joints and thickening and dis- 
tention of the ligaments and tissues, g., edematous, 
that in which the swelling is not attended with heat, 
redness, or severe pain, g., latent, g., masked, 
lithemia, a condition ascribed to a gouty diathesis, 
but not presenting the typical symptoms of gout. 
g., poor-man's, gout due to exposure, poor food, and 
excess in the use of malt liquors, g., retrocedent. 
1. That form that presents severe internal mani- 
festations, without the customary arthritic symp- 
toms. Syn., anomalous, misplaced, or wandering 



GOUTY 



399 



GRANULATION 



gout; arthritis aberrans; arthritis erratica. 2. Gout 
which leaves the joints suddenly, to appear in the 
brain, stomach, or other internal organ. Syn., 
abarticular, displaced, extraarticular, flying, metastatic, 
migrating, recedent, retrograde, or transferred gout. 
g., rheumatic. See arthritis, rheumatoid, g., topha- 
ceous, a form marked by a deposit of sodium urate 
on the joint-cartilages and the formation of bony or 
cartilaginous growths around the ends of the bones. 

gouty (gow'-te) [gout]. Pertaining to or of the 
nature of gout. g. diathesis or habit, the peculiar 
state of the body predisposing to gout. g. kidney, 
a chronically contracted kidney due to gout. 

Gowers' column (gow'-erz) [Sir William Richard 
Gowers, English neurologist, 1845-1915]. The 
ascending anterolateral tract of the spinal cord. 
G.'s intermediate process, the lateral horn, a pro- 
jection of the intermediate gray substance in the 
dorsal region of the spinal cord. G.'s paraplegia, a 
paraplegia due to vertebral caries. G.'s symptom, 
intermittent and abrupt oscillations of the iris under 
the influence of light, anterior probably to the total 
loss of the reflex; it is occasionally seen in tabes 
dorsalis. G.'s tract. Same as G.'s column. 

Goyrand's hernia (gwar-ahn') [Jean Gaspard 
Blaise Goyrand, French surgeon, 1803-1866]. In- 
guinointerstitial hernia; incomplete inguinal hernia. 

G. Ph. Abbreviation for German Pharmacopeia. 

gr. Abbreviation of granum, grain; or grana, 
grains. 

Graafian follicles, G. vesicles (grah'-fe-an) [Reg- 
nerus de Graaf, Dutch anatomist, 1641-1673]. 
Vesicular bodies found in the cortical layer of the 
ovary, and each containing an ovum. G. oviduct. 
See oviduct. 

gracile (gras'-il) [L. gracilis]. Slender, slight or 
delicate. 

gracilis (gras'-il-is). See under muscle. 

gradatim (gra-da'-tim) [L.]. Gradually. 

gradatory (grad'-at-o-re) [graduate]. Adapted for 
walking. 

graduate (grad'-u-at) [gradus, a step]. To take a 
degree from a college or university. Also, a person 
on whom a degree has been conferred. Also, in 
pharmacy, a glass vessel upon which the divisions 
of liquid measure have been marked. 

graduated (grad'-u-a-ted). Arranged in degrees or 
steps, g. compress, a compress made of pieces 
decreasing progressively in size, the apex or smallest 
piece being applied to the focus of pressure. 

(von) Graefe's disease (gra'-feh) [Friedrich Wil- 
helm Ernst Albrecht von Graefe, German ophthal- 
mologist, 1828-1870]. Progressive ophthalmoplegia. 
v. G.'s knife, a narrow knife for the performance of 
the operation for cataract, v. G.'s operation, for 
cataract: extraction of the cataract through a scleral 
incision, with iridectomy and laceration of the 
capsule, v. G.'s sign, v. G.'s symptom, failure of 
the upper lid to follow the eyeball in glancing down- 
ward, elicited in exophthalmic goiter by having the 
patient alternately rotate the eyes up and down, 
v. G.'s spots, certain spots near the supraorbital 
foramen, or over the vertebrae, which, when pressed 
upon, cause a sudden relaxation of the spasm of the 
eyelids in cases of blepharofacial spasm. 

graft [ME., graffe, A small portion of skin, bone, 
periosteum, nerve, etc., used to replace a defect in a 
corresponding structure, g., autoplastic, a graft taken 
from the patient's own body, g., heteroplastic, a graft 
taken from a person other than the subject, g., 
homoplastic, an autoplastic graft, g., omental, a small 
strip of omentum used to strengthen the line of suture 
in enterorrhaphy. g., periosteal, one of periosteum to 
cover denuded bone or to be placed where bone 
has been removed to favor new formation, g., skin-, 
a small portion of skin inserted upon a raw surface, 
such as is produced by a burn, to assist in reproducing 
the integument, g., sponge-, the insertion of a piece 
of sponge into the tissues to act as a framework for 
granulations. 

graham bread (gra'-ham) [Silvester Graham, Eng- 
lish dietitian, 1794-1851]- Brown bread; wheaten 
bread made from unbolted flour. 

Graham's law (gra'-ham) [Thomas Graham, Eng- 
lish chemist, 1 805-1 869]. The rate of diffusion of 
gases through porous membranes is in inverse ratio 
to the square root of their density. 

grain (gran) [granum, grain]. 1. Seed, as that of 
the cereals. 2. A body resembling a seed, as a starch- 
grain. 3. A small pill. 4. The unit of weight of 



the troy and the avoirdupois system of weights. 
See weights and measures, g.s of paradise, the 
unripe fruit of Amomum melegueta and of A. granum- 
paradisi, brought from West Africa. It is an aro- 
matic stimulant and diuretic, useful in some cases 
of neuralgia. 

grainage (gran-ej). Weight expressed ingrains or 
fractions of grains. 

gram, gramme (gram) [ypkntia, inscription]. The 
gravimetric unit of the metric system of weights 
and measures, equivalent to the weight of a cubic 
centimeter of distilled water at its maximum density. 
See weights and measures. 

Gram's method [Hans Christian Joachim Gram, 
Danish physician, 1853- ]• A method for stain- 
ing bacteria. The bacteria on the cover-glass or in 
the section are stained first with Ehrlich's solution, 
and then are treated with Gram's solution (iodine, 1; 
potassium iodide, 2; water, 300), and then with 
alcohol. Some bacteria give up the color when 
washed with alcohol. G.'s solution. See under 
G.'s method. 

grammolecular (gram-mo-lek'-u-lar). Relating to 
a grammolecule. g. solution, a solution in which a 
grammolecule of the active chemical is contained in 
each liter. 

grammolecule (gram-mol'-e-kul). In a solution or 
mixture, the molecular weight of the active chemical 
expressed in grams. Syn., grammole; mol; mole. 

gramnegative (gram-neg'-at-iv). Incapable of 
staining by Gram's method. 

grampositive (gram-pos'-it-iv). Capable of staining 
by Gram's method. 

granatonine (gran-at' -on-in) [granatum, the pome- 
granate]. Pseudopelletierine. 

granatum (gran-a'-tum). Pomegranate. The bark 
of the stem and root of Punica granatum. The bark 
contains punicotannic acid and mannite, but the 
active principle is the alkaloid pelletierine, C9H13NO. 
The chief use of pomegranate and its preparations 
is as a teniacide. The decoction consists of 2 oz. of 
bark in 2 pints of water, boiled down to a pint. See 
also pelletierine. granati, fiuidextractum (U. S. P.), 
fluidextract of pomegranate. Dose 30 min. (2 Cc). 
Grancher's disease (grahn-sha') [Jacques Joseph 
Grancher, French physician, 1843-1907]. A form of 
pneumonia with splenization of the lung, the coagul- 
able exudate filling not only the alveoli, but also the 
larger bronchi. Syn., Desnos' pneumonia, pneumonie 
pleuritique; splenopneumonie. G.'s sign, on aus- 
cultation in pulmonary condensation the expiratory 
murmur equals in pitch that of the inspiratory, 
evidencing obstruction to expired air. G.'s triad, 
the three symptoms characteristic of incipient pul- 
monary tuberculosis: weakened vesicular murmur, 
increased vocal fremitus, and Skodaic resonance. 

grandeur, delirium of, or delusions of. Insane 
exaltation of mind, with false opinions as to one's 
own greatness and dignity. 

grand mal (grong ma(h)l) [Ft. "great evil"]. A 
term for fully-developed epilepsy; major epilepsy. 
See petit mal. 

Grandry's corpuscles. Minute ovoid or spherical 
taste corpuscles found in the papilla? of the beak and 
tongue of birds. 

granula (gran'-ii-lah) [granum, a grain]. The 
granules, cytoblasts, or microsomes of protoplasm. 

granular (gran'-u-lar) [granule]. Made up of, or 
containing, granules, g. layer. See under retina. 
g. lids, trachoma, g. pharyngitis, pharyngitis 
characterized by the presence of prominent follicles. 
granulase (gran'-u-las) [granum]. An enzyme 
found in cereals, converting starch into achroodextrin 
and maltose. 

granulated (gran'-u-la-ted) [granula, little grains]. 
Characterized by the presence of granulations or 
granules. 

granulation (gran-ii-la'-shun) [granule]. 1. A 
capillary loop of blood-vessels surrounded by a group 
of connective-tissue cells; also the process by which 
these are formed. 2. The formation of new or 
cicatricial tissue in the repair of wounds or ulcers, 
the surface of which has a granular appearance; 
also, any one of the elevated points of such a surface 
or formation, g.s, erethistic, g.s, erethitic, an 
acestoma in which severe pain and hemorrhage are 
caused by slight irritation, g., exuberant, g., fun- 
gous, an acestoma secreting thin, mucopurulent 
matter due to local edema or to excessive formative 
power, g. tissue, the material consisting of granu- 



GRANULATIONES 



400 



GRAY 



lations by which the repair of loss of substance or the 
healing together of surfaces is brought about. 

granulationes arachnoideales (gran-u-la-she-o'-nez 
ar-ak-noyd-e-a'-lez) [L., arachnoideal granulations]. 
The Pacchionian bodies. 

granule (gran'-ul) [granulum, a little grain]. A 
small grain, body, or particle, as the granules of a 
cell; also a small pill, g.s, alpha, g.s, beta, g.s, 
delta, g.s, epsilon, g.s, gamma. See under color- 
analysis, g.s, Altmann's. See Altmann's granules. 
g.s, Bettelheim's. See hemokonia. g.-cell, any 
one of a variety of round cells found in pathologically 
softened brain-tissue, and densely filled with fat- 
globules, g.s, chromophil. See Nissl's bodies. 
g.s, Claude Bernard's, the granules in the secreting 
cells of the pancreas, g.s, edematin, the micro- 
somes forming the mass of the nuclear sap. They 
have been identified with the "cyanophilous granules" 
of the nucleus, g., elementary, irregular proto- 
plasmic bodies in the blood smaller than ordinary 
blood-corpuscles, g.s, interstitial, those occurring 
in the sarcoplasm of striated muscle-fibers; they 
consist of fat and probably also of lecithin, g.s, 
leukocyte, the amphophil, basophil, eosinophil, 
neutrophil, or oxyphil bodies observed in leukocytes. 
Cf. color-analysis, g.s, lymph, lymph-corpuscles. 
g.s, Malpighi's, Malpighian corpuscles, g.-mass, 
a giant-cell, g.s, Neusser's. See Neusser's granules. 
g.s, Nissl's. See Nissl's bodies, g.s, osseous, very 
small granules of inorganic matter which are found 
in the matrix of bone, g.s, Schultze's. See under 
Schultze. g., seminal, any one of the solid particles 
of the semen, consisting of round, granular cor- . 
puscles. g.s, vitelline, g.s, yolk. See spheres, 
vitelline, g.s, Zimmermann's. Same as Bizzozero's 
blood-platelets, g.s, zymogen, g.s, zymogenous, 
certain granules in the pancreatic cells supposed to 
give origin to the pancreatic ferments. 

granuliform (gran-u'-le-form) [granule; forma, 
form]. Resembling small grains. 

granulitis (gran-u-li'-tis) [granula, a little grain; 
ins, inflammation]. Acute miliary tuberculosis. 

granulocyte (gran'-u-lo-slt). A granular leukocyte. 

granulofatty (gran-u-lo-fal'-e). Applied to cells in 
tissue undergoing fatty degeneration, which contain 
granules of fat. Syn., granuloadipose. 

granuloma (gran-il-lo'-mah) [granule; 6p.a, a tumor]. 
A tumor or tumor-like nodule made up of granulation 
tissue, g. annulare, a peculiar disease midway be- 
tween inflammation and a neoplasm, characterized 
by the formation of pale-red or violaceous red nodules 
on the wrists, backs of the hands, and neck, which 
develop slowly and form circles by confluence. The 
lesions are firm; the mucous layer is enormously 
thickened, g., infectious, that due to a specific 
microorganism, as tubercle, gumma, etc. g. tricho- 
phyticum, granuloma due to trichophyton, g. 
tropicum, frambesia. 

granuloplasm (gran'-il-lo-plazm) [granule; plasma, 
something formed]. The granular protoplasmic 
mass in the inner part of a cell. 

granulose (gran'-ii-lds) [granule]. The material 
that forms the inner and soluble portion of starch- 
granules. 

granum (gra'-num). See grain. 

Granville's lotion (gran'-vil) [Augustus Bozzi 
Granville, English physician, 1783-1871]. A com- 
pound liniment of ammonia. 

grape-cure (grap'-kur). A treatment of pulmonary 
tuberculosis consisting in the ingestion of large 
quantities of grapes. 

grape-sugar. See glucose and dextrose. 

graphic (graf-ik) [ypa<j>eiv, to write]. Relating to 
writing or recording, or to the process of making 
automatic tracings of phenomena, showing degree, 
rhythm, etc. 

graphite (graf'-ll) [see graphic]. Plumbago or 
black-lead, an impure allotropic form of carbon. 
It has been applied externally in skin diseases. 

grapho- (graf-o-) [ypa<i>eiv, to write]. A prefix 
meaning to write. 

graphology (graf-ol'-o-je) [grapho-; X670J, science]. 
The study of the handwriting for the purpose of 
diagnosing nerve disease. 

graphomania (graf-o-ma'-ne-ah) [ypafij, writing; 
navla, madness]. An insane desire to write. 

graphomaniac (graf-o-ma'-ne-ak) [ypa<t>r), writ- 
ing; navia, madness]. One affected with grapho- 
mania. 

graphomotor (graf-o-mo'-tor) [grapho-; mover e, to 



move]. Relating to graphic movements or to the 
movements concerned in writing. 

graphorrhea (graf-or-e'-ah) [grapho-; t>ola, flow]. 
An intermittent condition in certain forms of in- 
sanity, marked by an uncontrollable desire to cover 
pages with usually unconnected and meaningless 
words. 

graphoscope ' (graf'-o-skop) [grapho-; oKowelv, to 
view]. A convex lens devised for the treatment 
of asthenopia and progressive myopia. 

graphospasm (graf'-o-spazm) [grapho-; <nraa/x6s, 
spasm]. Writers' cramp. 

Grashey's aphasia. Aphasia due to diminished 
duration of sensory impressions, with consequent 
disturbance of perception and association; it is seen 
in concussion of the brain and in certain acute 
diseases. 

Grasset-Rauzier's type of syringomyelia. A form 
with marked sudoral and vasomotor symptoms. 

grating (gra'-ting) [French, gratter, to scratch]. 1. 
A frame or screen composed of bars. 2. A sound 
produced by the friction of very rough surfaces against 
each other. 3. A glass ruled with exceedingly fine 
parallel lines to produce chromatic dispersion in the 
rays of light reflected from it. 

Gratiolet's optic radiation (gras-e-o-la') [Louis 
Pierre Gratiolet, French anatomist, 1815-1865]. 
Fibers that pass from the optic center in the occipital 
lobe to the pulvinar and external geniculate body. 
Syn., Gratiolet's fibers. 

gratiolin (gra-ti'-o-lin), C20H34O7. A crystalline, 
bitter glucoside from Gratiola officinalis. It was 
formerly used as a hydragogue. 

grattage (grat-ahzh) [Fr.]. A method of removing 
morbid growths, as polypi or trachomatous granu- 
lations, by rubbing with a harsh sponge or brush. 

gravative (grav'-ah-tiv) [gravis, heavy]. Attended 
by a sense of weight; said of the pressure-pains of 
tumors. 

grave (grav). 1. Serious, severe, dangerous. 2. 
An excavation in the earth for burying the dead. 
g.-wax. See adipocere. 

gravedo (grav-e'-do) . [L.]. 1. Muscular rheuma- 
tism of the head. 2. Coryza. 

gravel {grav' -I) A granular, sand-like material form- 
ing the substance of urinary calculi, and often passed 
with the urine in the form of detritus. 

graveolent (grav'-e-o-lent) [gravis, heavy; olere, to 
smell]. Having a strong, unpleasant odor; fetid. 

Graves' disease (gravz) [Robert James Graves, 
Irish physician, 1797-1853]. See goiter, exophthalmic. 
G.'s sign, an increase of the systolic impulse often 
noted in the beginning of pericarditis. 

gravid (grav' -id) [gravidus, pregnant]. Pregnant. 
g. uterus, the uterus during pregnancy. 

gravida (grav'-id-ah) [gravid]. A pregnant woman. 

gravidin (grav'-id-in). See kyestein. 

gravidism, or gravidity (grav'-id-izm, or grav-id'- 
it-e) [gravidus, pregnant]. Pregnancy, or the totality 
of symptoms presented by a pregnant woman. 

gravidocardiac (grav-id-o-kar'-de-ak) [gravid; car- 
diac] . Relating to cardiac disorders due to pregnancy. 

gravimeter (grav-im'-et-er) [gravis, heavy; fikrpov, 
measure]. An instrument used in determining speci- 
fic gravities; especially a hydrometer, aerometer, or 
urinometer. _ 

gravimetric (grav-e-met'-rik) [gravis, heavy; p.krpov, 
a measure]. Pertaining to measurement by weight. 
g. analysis. See analysis, gravimetric. 

gravistatic (grav-is-tat'-ik) [gravis; gtoltikos, causing 
to stand]. Due to gravitation; applied to a form of 
congestion. 

gravitation (grav-it-a'-shun). The force by which 
bodies are drawn to the earth's center. 

gravity (grav'-it-e) [gravis]. Weight, g., specific, 
the measured weight of a substance compared with 
that of an equal volume of another taken as a stand- 
ard. For gaseous fluids, hydrogen is taken as the 
standard; for liquids and solids, distilled water at its 
maximum density. 

Grawitz's granules (grah'-vits) [Paul Grawitz, 
German pathologist, 1850- ]. Minute granules, 
staining readily with basic dyes, seen in red blood- 
cells in certain pathological conditions. G.'s tumor, 
hypernephroma; a lipmatoid tumor of the kidney 
having its origin in aberrant masses of suprarenal 
tissue, and situated immediately beneath the renal 
capsule. 

gray (gra) [AS., gra>g]. The color obtained by 
mixing white and black, g. atrophy, g. degeneration. 



GREASE 



401 



GROOVE 



See degeneration, g. hepatization. See hepatization, 
gray. g. matter, that forming the outer part of the 
brain and the inner part of the cord, containing the 
specialized cells of these parts, g. oil, mercurial 
liquid used in syphilis, g. powder. See mercury 
with chalk, g. soap. See soap. g. softening, an 
inflammatory softening of the brain or cord with a 
gray discoloration, g. substance. See g. matter. 

grease (gres). Soft or oily animal fat. In farri- 
ery, a swelling and inflammation in a horse's leg, 
with excretion of oily matter and the formation of 
cracks in the skin, g.-trap, a contrivance employed 
to prevent clogging of waste-pipes, as well as to 
save the grease, which has considerable commercial 
value. , 

green {grin) [ME., grene]. Of the color of grass, 
obtained by mixing yellow and blue, g.-blindness, 
a variety of color-blindness in which green is not 
distinguished, g., Paris-, copper acetoarsenite. 
g., Scheele's, copper arsenite. g., Schweinfurt. 
Synonym of g., Paris-. 

Greene's sign (gren). In percussion of the free 
cardiac border during full inspiration and again 
during forced inspiration, the patient either standing 
or sitting, it will be noticed that the border is dis- 
placed outward by the expiratory movement in cases 
of pleuritic effusion. 

Greenhow's cholera-mixture (gren'-how) [Thomas 
Michael Greenhow, English physician, 1791-1881]. 
A mixture containing guaiacum, cloves, cinnamon, 
each 1 ounce; brandy, 2 pints. 

Greenhow's disease (gren-'how) [Edward Headlam 
Greenhow, English physician, 1814-1888]. Vaga- 
bond's disease. 

greensickness (gren'-sik-nes). Chlorosis. 
green softening. Purulent softening of nervous 
matter. 

greenstick fracture. See fracture, greenstick. 
green vitriol. Ferrous sulphate. 
greffotome (gref'-o-tom) [Ft., greffe, graft; TOfirj, a 
cutting]. A knife used in cutting slips for surgical 
grafting. 

Gregarina (greg-ar-i'-nah) [grex, a herd]. A genus 
of Protozoa. 

gregarinosis (greg-ar-in-o'-sis) [grex, a herd; vbaos, 
disease]. A morbid condition due to infestation by 
Gregarince. 

Gregory's powder (greg'-or-e) [James Gregory, 
Scotch physician, 1753-1821]. Compound powder 
of rhubarb, consisting of rhubarb, 2 oz.; light mag- 
nesia, 6 oz.; ginger, 1 oz. 

Grehant's method for determining urea in blood 
and tissues. It makes use of a solution of mercury, 
1 Gm., in 10 Cc. of pure nitric acid, for decomposing 
the urea; the CO2 and N are liberated, enabling one 
to estimate the urea. 

gressorial (gres-o'-re-al) [gressus, -participle of gradi, 
to walk]. In biology, adapted for walking; gradient. 
Griesinger's disease (gre'-zing-er) [Wilhelm Gries- 
inger, German neurologist, 1817-1868]. A form of 
pernicious anemia connected with the presence of 
Dochmius duodenalis in the intestinal tract. Un- 
cinariasis. G.'s sign. 1. An edematous swelling 
behind the mastoid process in thrombosis of the 
transverse sinus. 2. In thrombosis of the basilar 
artery, compression of the carotids produces symp- 
toms of cerebral anemia (pallor, syncope, convul- 
sions). This sign is of doubtful value, as it may 
also be caused by disturbances of the cerebral 
circulation resulting from cardiac and vascular lesions 
(especially arteriosclerosis) . 

Griess' red paper (gres). Paper charged with 
sulphanilic acid and naphthylamine sulphate, used 
in testing for nitrous acid, nitrites, bilirubin, and 
aldehyde. G.'s test for nitrous acid, an intense 
yellow color is produced by the addition of a solution 
of metadiamidobenzol to a dilute solution containing 
nitrous acid previously acidified with a few drops of 
sulphuric acid. G.'s yellow paper, paper charged 
with sulphanilic acid and metadiamidobenzene; 
used as a sensitive test for nitrites. 

Griffith's mixture (grif'-fith) [Robert Eglesfield 
Griffith, American physician, 1798-1850]. A mixture 
of iron sulphate, 6; myrrh, 18; sugar, 18; potassium 
carbonate, 8; lavender, 50; rose-water, 900. 

Grigg's test for proteins. A precipitate is formed 
with all proteins except peptones on adding a solution 
of metaphosphoric acid. 

Grinbert's test for urobilin. Boil together equal 
parts of urine and hydrochloric acid and shake with 



ether. In the presence of urobilin the ether assumes 
a brownish-red color with a greenish fluorescence. 

grindelia (grin-de'-le-ah) [H. Grindel, German 
botanist, 1776-1836]. The leaves and flowering 
tops of G. robusta, wild sunflower or gum-plant, and 
G. squarrosa. g., fluidextract of {fluidextr actum 
grindelia, U. S. P.). Dose §-1 dr. (2-4 Cc). It is 
used in asthma, bronchitis, and whooping-cough, 
and locally in rhus-poisoning. 

grindeline (grin' -del-en) . An alkaloid reported to 
exist in Grindelia robusta. 

grinder (grin'-der) [AS., grindan, to grind]. A 
molar tooth. 

grinders' asthma. A fibroid pneumonia, a chronic 
affection of the lungs resulting from the inspiration of 
metallic or silicious dust. 

grip, la grippe (grip, lah grip). See influenza. . 
gripe (grip) [ME., gripen, to seize]. 1. To suffer 
griping pain. 2. A spasmodic pain in the bowel. 
g., cutting on the, an old method of operating for 
vesical calculus by cutting down directly on the 
stone in the perineum after having forced it down with 
the fingers inserted in the rectum, g.-stick, a 
tourniauet 

gripes (grips) [see gripe]. Colic; tormina. 
grippal (grip'-al). Pertaining to influenza. 
grippotoxin (grip-o-toks'-in) . A name for the toxin 
elaborated by Bacillus influenza. 

griserin (gris'-er-in). Trade name of a mixture of 
loretin with alkalies. 

Grisolle's sign (gre-zoV) [Augustin Grisolle, French 
physician, 1811-1869]. The early eruption of small- 
pox is distinguished from that of measles by the fact 
that the papules remain distinct to the touch even 
when the skin is tightly stretched. 

gristle (gris'-l) [AS., gristel]. Cartilage. 
Gritti's. operation (gre'-te) [Rocco Gritti, Italian 
surgeon]. (For amputation above the knee-joint). 
The patella is preserved in a long anterior flap, and, 
having had a thin slice removed from its deep surface, 
is secured in apposition with the femur, the latter 
having been deprived of its articular surface by being 
sawn through the condyles. 

groan (gron). To utter a low, moaning sound, 
as when in pain. The sound so uttered. 

Grocco's sign (grok'-o) [Pietro Grocco, Italian physi- 
cian]. A paravertebral triangle of dulness in pleural 
effusion on the side opposite to that of the effusion. 
grocers' itch. A peculiar psoriasis or eczema of the 
hands due to irritation from flour, sugar, etc. 

groin [Icel., grein, a branch or arm]. The de- 
pression between the abdomen and thigh. 

groove (groov) [D., groef]. A furrow or channel. 
See also furrow, g., alveolingual, one between the 
tongue and the lower jaw. g., bicipital, the deep 
groove on the anterior surface of the humerus, 
separating the greater and lesser tuberosities and 
containing the long tendon of the biceps, g., 
cavernous, a broad groove on the superior surface 
of the sphenoid bone lodging the internal carotid 
artery and the cavernous sinus, g., dorsal, the 
medullary groove, g., mastoid, the digastric fossa. 
g., medullary, a long shallow furrow that appears 
along the dorsal line of the neural tube of the em- 
bryo, g., musculospiral, one on the external aspect 
of the humerus which lodges the musculospiral 
nerve and the superior profunda vessels, g., neural, 
the medullary groove, g., obturator, the furrow 
at the superior and external border of the obturator 
foramen lodging the subpubic vessels and nerves 
when they emerge from the pelvic cavity, g., 
peroneal, one on the external aspect of the os calcis 
lodging the tendon of the peroneus longus. g., 
pterygopalatal, g., pterygopalatine. 1. One in the 
ventral aspect of the pterygoid process of the sphe- 
noid. 2. A furrow on the vertical part of the palate 
bone, g., radial. See g., musculospiral. g., scapu- 
lar, the scapular notch, g., Schmorl's, that resulting 
from emphysematous inflation of those portions of 
the lungs which lie between the ribs, g., sigmoid. 
See g., cavernous, g., sternal, one lying between 
the sternum and the pectoral muscles, g., subcostal, 
a deep furrow lying along the lower border and 
inner surface of a rib for lodgment of the intercostal 
vessels and nerves, g. of Sylvius, the fissure of 
Sylvius, g., ventricular, two furrows, one on the 
anterior, one on the posterior, surface of the heart; 
they indicate the interventricular septum, g., 
Verga's lacrimal, a groove extending downward from 
the lower orifice of the nasal duct. 



GROSS 



402 



GUAIACYL 



gross (gros) [Fr., gros, great]. Coarse; large. 
g. anatomy. See anatomy, gross, g. appearance, 
appearance of tissue as seen without a microscope. 
g. lesion, a lesion-perceptible to the eye. 

Gross' disease. See Physick's encysted rectum. 
ground (grownd) The bottom; soil; earth, g.-bun- 
dle, the principal bundle fo nerve-fibers in a group, 
as the ground-bundle of the ventral and lateral 
columns of the spinal cord, g.-bundle, anterior, of 
Flechsig, that portion of the anterior column outside 
of the direct pyramidal tracts and running through- 
out the entire length of the cord; it is made up 
of fibers having a short course, g.-bundle, posterior, 
of Flechsig, Burdach's column, g.-itch. See itch- 
coolie, g. nut, a peanut, the fruit of Arachis hypogcea. 
group-reaction (grup-re-ak'-shun). A reaction 
with an antibody which is characteristic of a whole 
group of bacteria. 

Grove cell [Sir William Robert Grove, English 
physicist, 1811-1896]. A two-fluid battery cell, the 
fluids being dilute sulphuric and nitric acids, and the 
metal immersed in them respectively zinc and plati- 
num. 

growing-pains (gro'-ing). A term applied to pains 
in the limbs occurring during youth, and probably of 
rheumatic origin. 

growth (groth). 1. The augmentation of the body 
that takes place between infancy and adult age. 
Also, the increase of any part of the body by addition 
to the number of its cellular elements, without the 
production of structural abnormality or differentia- 
tion into unlike tissues. 2. Any tumor or adventi- 
tious structure. 
grub. See comedo. 

Gruber's bursa (gru'-ber) [1. Wenceslaus Leopold 
Gruber, Russian anatomist, 18 14-1890; 2. Josef 
Gruber, Austrian otologist, 1 827-1900; 3. Max 
Gruber, German bacteriologist, 1853- ]. [1.]. The 
synovial cavity of the tarsal sinus. G.'s reaction, 
[3.]. The addition of some of the culture of Spirillum 
cholerce asiaticce to the serum of an animal rendered 
immune to cholera causes these organisms to become 
nonmotile and to agglutinate. The reaction does 
not occur with other species. G.'s test for hearing, 
[2.]. If the end of the finger is inserted into the ear 
after the sound of a vibrating tuning-fork held before 
the ear has completely ceased, and the tuning-fork 
is then firmly placed upon' the finger, a weakened 
sound becomes again audible, and remains so for 
some time. 

Gruber-Widal's reaction. See Widal's reaction. 
Gruby's disease (groo'-be) [David Gruby, Hun- 
garian physician, 1810-1898]. Alopecia areata. 

gruel (gru'-el) [dim. of grutum, meal]. A decoction 
of corn-meal or oat-meal boiled in water to a thick 
paste. 

gruff (gruf). Any crude drug; also the coarse 
part of a drug that will not pass through a sieve; 
the term is used also adjectively, as gruff sulphur or 
saltpeter. 

grume (groom) [grumus, a little heap]. A clot, as 
of blood; a thick and viscid fluid. 

grumous (gru'-mus) [grumus, a little heap]. 
Clotted; consisting of lumps. 
grutum (gru'-tum). See milium. 
Grynfelt's triangle. A triangular space bounded 
above by the twelfth rib and the lower border of the 
serratus posticus inferior, behind by the anterior 
border of the quadratus lumborum, and anteriorly 
by the posterior border of the internal oblique. 
Lumbar hernia may occur in this space. 

gryochrome (gri'-o-krom) [ypv, a morsel; xp&pa, 
color]. A somatochrome nerve-cell the stainable 
portion of which consists of minute granules which 
tend to form threads or heaps. 

gryposis (gri-po'-sis) [ypvirwais, curvature]. Curv- 
ature; abnormal curvature of the nails. See arthro- 
gryposis and onychogryposis. 

gt. Abbreviation of gutta, drop, 
gtt. Abbreviation of guttce, drops. 
guacamphol (gwah-kam-foV) . See guaiacamphol. 
guacetin (gwas'-et-in). See guaiacelin. 
guachamaca (gwa-shaw-maw'-kah). The bark of 
an apocynaceous tree. G. toxifera, or Malouetia 
nitida, furnishes a virulent arrow-poison, somewhat 
resembling curara; it has been employed in tetanus 
and hydrophobia. 

guacin (gwaw'-sin) [guaco]. A bitter resin from 
guaco; it is diaphoretic, stimulant, and emetic. 

guaco (gwah'-ko). The Mikania guaco and other 



species of Mikania and Aristolochia, used in South 
America for snake-bites; it has been employed in 
rheumatism, gout, and in various skin diseases. 
Dose of a watery extract 3 min. (0.19 Cc). 

guaconization (gwah-kon-i-za'-shun). Poisoning 
and paralysis of the sensory nerve-centers from 
ingestion of guaco, Aristolochia cymbifera. 

guaethol (gwa-eth'-ol). Guaiacol ethyl, CeEUOCa- 
H5OH. It resembles guaiacol in therapeutic action. 
Dose 2-4 gr. (0.1-0.25 Gm.). Application, 15 % 
ointment. Syn., Ajacol; Pyrocatechin-monoethyl 
ether; Thanatol. 

guaiac, guaiacum (gwi'-ak, -urn). The resin 
(guaiacum, U. S. P.) of the wood (guaiaci lignum) 
of G. officinale # and G. sanctum. It contains guaiacic 
acid, C12H16O15, guaiac-yellow, guaiacene, CsHsO, 
guaiacol, and pyroguaiacin. It is alterative, expec- 
torant, and diaphoretic. It is used in syphilis, 
chronic rheumatism, and gout, g., tincture of 
(tinctura guaiaci, U. S. P.), a solution of the resin in 
alcohol. Dose |-2 dr. (2-8 Cc). g., tincture of, 
ammoniated (tinctura guaiaci ammoniata, U. S. P.), 
a solution of the resin in aromatic spirit of ammonia. 
This tincture is the preferred one for the administra- 
tion of guaiac. Dose §-2 dr. (2-8 Cc). 

guaiacamphol (gwi-ah-kam'-fol). The camphoric 
acid ester of guaiacol; employed in treatment of 
night-sweats of tuberculosis. Dose 3-8 gr. (0.2- 
0.5 Gm.). 

guaiacene (gwi'-as-en), CsHsO. An oily crystalliz- 
able liquid boiling at 118 C, with odor of bitter 
almonds, obtained from guaiac resin by dry distil- 
lation. 

guaiacetin (gwi-as'-et-in). Pyrocatechin-mono- 
acetate, CeH4 . OH . OCH2COOH. It is used like 
guaiacol in tuberculosis. Dose 7§ gr. (0.5 Gm.) 
3 times daily and reduced in 3 weeks to i\ gr. (0.5 
Gm.) daily. 

guaiacocaine (gwi-ah-ko-ka'-in). An anesthetic 
mixture of cocaine and guaiacol used in dentistry. 

guaiacol (gwi'-ak-ol) [S.A.], €?H 8 02. Methyl- 
pyrocatechin, a substance obtained from beechwood 
creosote and also, synthetically, from pyrocatechin 
and methylsulphuric acid. It is used as a substitute 
for creosote in tuberculosis in doses of 3-5 min. 
(0.19-0.32 Cc); externally it has been employed 
as an antipyretic, 20-40 min. (1.25-2.5 C,c.) being 
painted on the skin. Syn., methylcatechol. g.- 
benzylester, CeHKOCHs . OCH ? .CeHs, a local anes- 
thetic. Syn., brenzcain. g. biniodide, C7H5I2O2, is 
alterative and antituberculous. Dose 2 min. (0.12 
Cc.) 3 times daily, g. cacodylate, a stable prepara- 
tion recommended in tuberculosis. Dose \-2 gr. 
(0.032-0.13 Gm.). Syn., cacodiacol; cacodyliacol. 
g. carbonate (guaiacolis carbonas, U. S. P.), (C7H70)2- 
CO3, used in tuberculosis. Dose 3-8 gr. (0.2-0.52 
Gm.) 3 times daily and gradually increased to 90 gr. 
(6 Gm.) daily. Syn., duotal. g. cinnamate. See 
styracol. g. ethyl. See guaethol. g. ethylenate, 
CHsO . C6H4O-C2H46O . C6H4OCH3, a guaiacol ethy- 
lene ester, used in tuberculosis. Dose 8-15 gr. 
(0.5-1.0 Gm.) twice daily. Syn., ethylene guaiacol. 
g.-glycerylester. See guaiamar. g. oleate, a reac- 
tion-product of oleic acid, guaiacol, and phosphorus 
trichloride ; it is antiseptic and antituberculous. Dose 
5-10 min. (0.3-0.6 Cc.) 3 times daily in capsules. 
Syn., oleoguaiacol. g.-phosphal, g. phosphite, 
P(OCeH40CH3)3, used in tuberculosis. Dose 15- 
30 gr. (1-2 Gm.) daily, g. phosphate, (CeHiOCHs^- 
PO4, obtained from guaiacol dissolved in soda solution 
with addition of phosphorus oxychloride; used in 
fever of tuberculosis. Dose 4 gr. (0.25 Gm.) every 
3 or 4 hours, g. salicylate, g.-salol, C14H12O4, is an 
intestinal antiseptic and is employed in phthisis, 
dysentery, rheumatism, etc. Dose 15 gr. (1 Gm.) 
several times daily; maximum dose 150 gr. (10 Gm.) 
a day. g. succinate, (CeH40CH3)2C4H404, obtained 
from a mixture of guaiacol and succinic acid with 
phosphorus oxychloride. Dose 2 min. (0.12 Cc.) 
3 times daily in tuberculosis, g. valerate, g. valeri- 
anate, an oily liquid used in pulmonary affections 
and for hypodermatic injection in tuberculous joints. 
Dose 3-9 gr. (0.2-0.6 Gm.) 3 times daily. Syn., geosote. 
guaiacolate (gwi-ak'-ol-at). A combination of 
guaiacol with a base. 

guaiacyl (gwi'-as-il), C7H7O2SO3. The calcium 
salt of a sulphocompound of guaiacol; used as a 
local anesthetic injected in quantities of 8-25 gr. 
(0.5-1.5 Gm.) of a 5 % solution or 15 gr. (1 Gm.) 
of a 10 % solution. 



GUAIAMAR 



403 



GUMMATOUS 



guaiamar (gwi'-am-ar), C6H4 . OC3H7O2 . OCH3, 
guaiacolglycerylester; employed in tuberculosis and 
as an intestinal antiseptic. Dose 5-20 gr. (0.33- 
1.33 Gm.) before meals. It is also applied in arthritis. 

guaiaperol (gwi-ap'-er-ol). See piperidin guaiaco- 
ate. 

guaiaquin (gwi'-ah-kwin), (CeH402CH3HS03)2C22- 
H24N2O2, the guaiacol bisulphonate of quinine; 
it is used in malaria, typhoid fever, anemia, etc. 
Dose 5-10 gr. (0.33-0.65 Gm.) 3 times daily. Syn., 
quinine guaiacol bisulphonate. 

guaiaquinol {gwi-ah' -kwin-ol) . Quinine dibromo- 
guaiacolate. 

guaiasanol (gwi-as' -an-ol) . See diethyl-glycocoll- 
guaiacol hydrochloride. 

guanase (gwan'-as). An enzyme found in the 
pancreas, thymus and adrenals; it converts guanin 
into xanthin. 

guanidin (gwan'-id-in), CN3H5. Carbondiamidi- 
mide; a monacid base forming colorless crystals. 
See uramin. 

guanine (gwah'-nin) [see guano], C5H5N5O. A 
leukomaine found in the pancreas, liver, and in 
muscle-extract as a decomposition-product of nuclein. 
It also occurs in guano, and is nonpoisonous. See 
Capranica. 

guano (gwah'-no) [Peruvian huanu, dung]. The ex- 
crement of sea-fowl found on certain islands in the 
Pacific Ocean. It contains guanin and alkaline 
urates and phosphates, and is used externally in 
certain skin diseases. 

guarana (gwah-rah'-nah) [Braz.]. A dried paste 
prepared from the seeds of Paullinia cupana, found 
in Brazil. It contains an alkaloid, guaranine, 
CSH10N4O2 . H2O, nearly identical with caffeine. It is 
employed in nervous sick-headaches. Dose 1-2 dr. 
(4-8 Gm.); of guaranine 1-3 gr. (0.065-0.19 Gm.). 
g., fluidextract of (fluidextractum guarana, U. S. P.). 
Dose 5-30 min. (0.32-2.0 Cc). 

guaranine (gwah-rah'-nen). An alkaloid, derived 
from guarana, nearly identical with caffeine. Dose, 
1-2 gr. (0.06-0.12 gm.). 

guard (gard) [garder, to keep]. An appliance on 
a knife to prevent too deep incision, g.-cell, in 
biology, one of the two semilunar epidermal cells, 
inclosing the opening of a stoma in plants. 

Guarnieri's vaccine-bodies (gwar-ne-er'-e) [Giu- 
seppi Guarnieri, Italian physician]. See cytoryctes. 

guavacine (gwah'-vas-en), C6H9NO2. An alkaloid 
forming colorless crystals soluble in water, obtained 
from areca-nut, Areca catechu. It is used as an 
anthelmintic. 

gubernaculum (gu-ber-nak'-u-lum) [L., "a rudder"]. 
A guiding structure, g. dentis, a bundle of fibrous 
tissue connecting the tooth-sac of a permanent 
tooth with the gum. g., Hunter's, g. hunteri. See 
g. testis, g. testis, the cord attached above to the 
lower end of the epididymis, below to the bottom 
of the scrotum, and governing the descent of the 
testes. 

Gubler's hemiplegia (goob'-ler) [Adolphe Marie 
Gubler, French physician, 1821-1879]. Hemiplegia 
of the extremities with crossed paralysis of the 
cranial motor nerves, especially the facial. G.'s line, 
an imaginary line connecting the superficial points of 
origin of the trifacial nerves on the lower surface of 
the pons. A lesion of the pons below this line causes 
crossed paralysis. G.'s tumor, a distention of the 
synovial sheaths on the dorsum of the hand in 
palsies of the antibrachial type, and particularly in 
lead palsy. 

(von) Gudden's inferior commissure {good' -en) 
[Bernhard Aloys von Gudden, German neurologist, 
1824-1886]. Fibers of the optic tract which come 
from the internal geniculate body and cross in the 
posterior portion of the chiasma to the opposite 
tract, v. G.'s ganglion, the interpeduncular ganglion, 
a collection of nerve-cells just above the pons and 
in the median line. v. G.'s hemispherical bundle, 
one in the optic tract passing over to the most lateral 
portion of the base of the peduncle and thence to 
the cerebral hemisphere, v. G.'s law, the proximal 
end of a divided nerve undergoes cellulipetal degenera- 
tion, v. G.'s tractus peduncularis transversus, the 
cimbia, a fasciculus passing from the pregeminum 
and postgeniculum over the cms cerebri to the 
oculomotor sulcus. 

Gueneau de Mussey's point. See under Mussey. 

Guenz's ligament (guents) [Justus Gottfried Guenz, 
German anatomist, 1714-1784]. The ligamentous 



fibers of the obturator membrane which form the 
upper and inner wall of the canal transmitting the 
obturator vessels and nerves. 

Guenzburg's test for free hydrochloric acid in 
gastric juice (guents' -boor g) [Alfred Guenzburg, 
German physician]. Two drops of a solution con- 
sisting of phloroglucin, 2 Gm.; vanillin, 1 Gm.; 
alcohol, 30 Cc, mixed with 2 drops of filtered gastric 
juice, are carefully heated in a porcelain capsule. 
The presence of free HC1 is indicated by the appear- 
ance of a bright-red color; if absent, the color will be 
brown or brownish-red. 

Guerin's fold (ga'-ran) [Alphonse Frangois Marie 
Guirin, French surgeon, 1816-1895]. Same as G.'s 
valve. G.'s glands. See Skene's glands. G.'s sinus, 
the lacuna magna, situated in the mesial line of the 
upper wall of the urethra, near the external meatus. 
G.'s valve, a fold of mucous membrane bounding 
Guerin's sinus. 

guethol (gwe'-thol). An oily liquid allied to guaia- 
col; analgesic. 

guha (goo'-ah) . A form of bronchial asthma, found 
in the island of Guam, where it is said to be epidemic. 

Guidi's canal. See Vidian canal. 

guillotine (gil-o-ten) [Fr.]. A surgical instrument 
for excision of the tonsils or growths in the larynx, 
etc. 

Guinea-worm. Filaria medinensis, a nematode 
worm of the tropics, occasionally parasitic in human 
tissues. G. disease, a disease caused by the presence 
of Filaria medinensis in the subcutaneous cellular 
tissue of various parts of the body, particularly, the 
feet and legs. 

Guinon's disease (ge'-non(g)) [Georges Guinon, 
French physician, 1859- ]. Tic de Guinon. 
See Tourette's (Gilles de la) disease. 

guipsine (gip'-sen). A proprietary preparation 
of mistletoe (viscus album) ; used in arteriosclerosis. 

guja (goo' -hah). A form of epidemic spasmodic 
bronchial asthma; it occurs in Guam and neighbor- 
ing islands. 

gujasanol (gu-j as' -an-ol). See diethyl glycocoll- 
guaiacol hydrochloride. 

gula (gu'-lah) [L.: pi., gula]. The gullet; the 
neck and throat, or the pharynx and esophagus. 

gulancha (goo-Ian' -kah) [E. Ind.]. The plant, 
Tinospora cordifolia, of India. Its stems and roots 
are diuretic, tonic, and antiperiodic. 

gular (gu'-lar) [gula, the gullet]. Pertaining to 
the throat, pharynx, or gula. 

Gull's disease [Sir William Withey Gull, English 
physician, 1816-1890]. Myxedema. 

Gull's renal epistaxis. Essential renal hematuria, 
or renal hemophilia. 

gullet (gul'-et). See esophagus. 

Gullstrand's law (gul' -strand). When the corneal 
reflex from either of the eyes of the patient, who is 
made to turn the head while fixing some distant ob- 
ject, moves in the direction in which the head is 
turning, it moves toward the weaker muscle. 

Gull-Sutton's disease [Gull; Sir John Bland 
Sutton, English surgeon]. Arteriocapillary fibrosis; 
diffuse arteriosclerosis. 

Gull-Toynbee's law. In otitis media the cere- 
bellum and lateral sinus are likely to become involved 
by mastoid disease, while the cerebrum is threatened 
by caries of the roof of the tympanum. 

gum [gummi, gum]. 1. A concrete vegetable juice 
exuded from many plants. When treated with 
nitric acid it yields mucic acid. Gums are either 
entirely soluble in water or swell up in it into a viscid 
mass. Various names are given to gums, usually 
indicating the place whence exported. 2. The 
gingiva, g., acacia, gum from Acacia Senegal. 
g.-Arabic. See acacia, g. bassora, a Persian gum 
said to be from plum and almond trees, g., Benja- 
min-. See benzoin. _ g., blue. Synonym of Eucalyp- 
tus globulus, g.-boil, an abscess of the jaw; parulis. 
g., British, dextrin, g.-resin, a concrete vegetable 
juice, g., spongy, interstitial infiltration and 
thickening of the gums with dilation of the capil- 
laries, due to scurvy or analogous conditions, g. 
tragacanth. See tragacanth. 

gumma (gum' -ah) [gum: pi., gummata}. The 
gummy tumor characterizing the tertiary stage of 
syphilis. It consists of granulation tissue, with 
giant-cells, and is the seat of a peculiar degeneration 
which causes the gummy appearance. 

gummatous (gum'-at-us) [gumma]. Of the nature 
of or affected with gumma. 



GUM MI 



404 



GYNOCYANAURIDZARIN 



gum mi (gum' -mi). Latin for gum (i). 

gummide (gum' -Id). Any compound which yields 
glucose on decomposition with acids or alkalies. 

gummose (gum' -6s). A sugar, C6H12O6. Obtained 
from animal gum. 

gummy (gum'-e). 1. Gummatous. 2. Resemb- 
ling gum. 

gums (gumz). See gingiva. 

guncotton (gun'-kot-n). See pyroxylin. 

gunjah (gun'-jah). The official part of Indian 
hemp, consisting of the dried flowering- tops of the 
female plant, from which the rosin has not been 
removed. Syn., ganjah. 

Gunning's test for acetone. Add to the liquid 
to be tested tincture of iodine or Lugol's solution, and 
then ammonia until a black precipitate is formed. 
This gradually disappears, leaving a sediment of 
iodoform. 

Gunn's dots. Brilliant white dots seen, on oblique 
illumination, about the macula lutea; they do not 
seem to be pathologic. 

gunstock deformity. One caused by fracture of 
either condyle of the humerus, in which the long 
axis of the fully extended forearm deviates outwardly 
from that of the arm. 

gurgling [Dan., gurgle, gargle]. The peculiar 
sound caused by the passage of gas through a liquid. 
It is observed upon palpation of the abdomen in 
enteric fever and other conditions in which the bowel 
is distended with gas and contains liquid, g. rale, 
a sound heard over the chest when the bronchi or 
pulmonary cavities contain fluid. 

gurjun balsam (ger'-jun). An oleoresin obtained 
from several species of Dipterocarpus, trees native 
to southern Asia. It is similar to copaiba, but more 
decided in therapeutic effects, and is less unpleasant. 
It is used as an expectorant, and in leprosy and 
gonorrhea. Dose 15-40 min. (1.0-2.6 Cc). Syn., 
balsamum dipterocarpi ; wood-oil. 

guru (goo'-roo). Same as kola. 

gustation (gus-ta'-shun) [gustare, to taste]. The 
sense of taste; the act of tasting. 

gustatory (gus'-ta-to-re) [gustare, to taste]. Per- 
taining to the special sense of taste and its organs. 
g. bud, a taste-bud. g. cell, a spindle-cell from the 
interior of a taste-bud. g. nerve. See nervt. 

gut [ME.]. The intestine. See also catgut. 
g., blind, the cecum. 

Guthrie's muscle (guth'-re) [George James Guthrie, 
English surgeon, 1785-1856]. The deep transversus 
perinaei muscle; origin, ramus of pubes; insertion, 
fellow muscle; innervation, perineal; it compresses 
the membranous urethra. 

gutta (gut' -ah) [L.]. A drop. g. rosacea, acne 
rosacea, g. serena, amaurosis. 

guttapercha (gut-ah-per'-cha) [Malayan gutta, 
gum; pertja, the tree furnishing the gum 1 . The 
concrete juice of Dichopsis gutta and other species 
of the natural order Sapotacecz. It is used to make 
splints, as a dressing for wounds, and as a vehicle 
for caustic substances. 

guttate (gut' -at) [gutta, a drop]. In biology, 
spotted as if by drops of something colored. 

guttatim (gut-a'-tim) [L.]. Drop by drop. 

guttiform (gut'-e-form) [gutta; forma, form]. Drop- 
shaped. 

Guttmann's sign (goot'-mahn) [Paul Guttmann, 
German physician, 1834-1893]- A thrill heard over 
the thyroid in exophthalmic goiter. 

guttur (gut'-er) [L.]. The throat. 

guttural (gut'-er-al) [guttur]. Pertaining to the 
throat. 

gutturotetany (gut-er-o-tet'-an-e) [guttur; tetanus]. 
A form of stuttering in which the pronunciation of 
such sounds as g, k, q, is difficult. 

Gutzeit's test for arsenic (goot'-slt). Place a piece 
of zinc in a test tube with 5 cc. of diluted sulphuric 
acid; to this is added 1 cc. of the suspected liquid; a 
piece of filter paper moistened with an acid solution 
of silver nitrate becomes bright yellow in the vapor 
from the above if arsenic is present. 

Guy's pill (gi) [William Augustus Guy, English 
physician, 1819-1900]. A pill composed of 1 grain 
each of powdered digitalis leaves, powdered squill, 
and mercury pill. 

Guye's sign. Aprosexia occurring in childhood 
with adenoid vegetations of the nasopharynx. 

Guyon's isthmus (ge-yon (g) ') [Jean Casimir Felix 
Guyon, French surgeon, 1831- ]. Narrowing and 
prolongation of the internal os uteri, which thus 



forms a small canal; it is not pathologic. G.'s sign, 
ballottement in cases of renal tumor. 

gymnasium (jim-na'-ze-um) [yvp.i>6s, naked]. A 
place designed and fitted with appliances for the 
systematic exercise of the muscles and other organs 
of the body. Also, in Germany, a high-school. 

gymnastic (jim-nas'-tik) [yvfivds, naked] Per- 
taining to bodily exercise, or to the science of pre- 
serving health by bodily exercise. 

gymnastics (jim-nas'-tiks) [yvp.v6s, naked]. Physi- 
cal exercise, especially systematic exercise, for the 
purpose of restoring or maintaining the bodily 
health, g., antagonistic, g., resistance-, physical 
exercise engaged in by two persons, the one resisting 
the other, as that adopted in the Schott treatment 
for cardiac affections, g., ocular, regular muscular 
exercise of the eye by the use of prisms or other 
means to overcome muscular insufficiency, g., 
Swedish, a system of exercises to restore strength 
to paretic muscles, consisting in movements made by 
the patient against the resistance of an attendant. 

gymnobacteria (jim-no-bak-te'-re-ah) [yvp.v 6s, naked; 
bacteria]. Nonflagellate bacteria. 

gymnocarpous (jim-no-kar'-pus) [yvp.vfc, naked; 
Kapwds, fruit]. In biology, having the fruit naked.; 
applied to lichens and fungi in which the apothecia 
and hymenia are naked or exposed. 

gymnocyte (jim'-no-sit) [yvp.vbs, naked; kvtos, a 
cell]. In biology, a naked-celled, unicellular or- 
ganism. 

gymnoplast (jim'-no-plast) [yvfivos, naked; ■n-'Ka<T<reiv f 
to form]. A protoplasmic body without a limiting 
membrane. 

gymnospore (jim'-no-spor) [yvp,v6s, naked; avopos, 
a seed]. In biology, a naked spore. 

gynae- (jin'-e) . For words beginning thus see gyne-. 

gynander (jin-an'-der) [yvvq, woman; &vqp, man]. 
A man of effeminate or woman-like qualities. 

gynandria (jin-an'-dre-ah) [yvvq, woman; &vqp, 
man]. The same as hermaphroditism. 

gynandrism, (jin-an'-drizm) [yw-q, woman; kvqp, 
man; p.op<f>ri, form]. Hermaphroditism. 

gynandromorphism (jin-an-dro-morf'-izm) [ywrj, 
female; &vqp, male; p.op<j>-q, form]. A combination 
of both male and female characters. 

gynandrous (jin-an'-drus). In biology, having 
the stamens and pistils more or less intimately 
united. 

gynanthropus (jin-an' -thro-pus) [yw-q, a woman; 
avepuiros, a man]. A hermaphrodite with pre- 
dominant male characteristics. 

gynatresia (jin-at-re'-ze-ah) [yvvq, woman; hrp-qoLa, 
atresia]. Imperf oration of the vagina. 

gynecatoptron (jin-ek-at-op'-tron) [yw-q, woman; 
KaTOTrTpov, mirror]. A vaginal speculum. 

gynecic (jin-e'-sik) [yvvq, woman]. Relating to 
women. 

gynecologic (jin-e-ko-loj'-ik) [yvvq, a woman; 
X670S, science]. Relating to gynecology. 

gynecologist (jin-e-kol'-o-jist) [yvvq, a woman; 
X670S, science]. One who practises gynecology. 

gynecology (jin-e-kol'-o-je) [yvvq, woman; \6yos, 
science]. The science of the diseases of women, 
especially of those affecting the sexual organs. 

Gynecophorus hematobius. Same as Bilharzia 
hemaiobia. 

gynecomania (jin-e-ko-ma'-ne-ah) [yvvq, woman; 
p.avla, madness]. Satyriasis. 

gynecomastia (jin-e-ko-mas'-te-ah) [yvvq, woman; 
naaros, breast]. i. The excessive development of 
the breast of a man, either with or without atrophy 
of the testicles. 2. The secretion of milk by the 
male. 

gynecomasty (jin'-e-ko-mas-te). See gynecomastia, 

gynecomazia (jin-e-ko-ma'-ze-ah) [yvvq, woman; 
juafoj, breast]. Same as gynecomastia. 

gynecopathy (jin-e-kop'-ath-e) [yvvq, woman; irddos, 
disease]. Any disease of, or peculiar to, women; the 
study of diseases of women. 

gynecophonus, gynaecophonus (jin-e-kof'-on-us) 
[ywq, a woman; <j>6vos, murder]. 1. Destructive to- 
women. 2. [yvvq, woman; <j>uvq, the voice]. Having 
a voice like a woman. 3- A man with an effeminate 
voice. 

gynephobia (jin-e-fo'-be-ah) [yvvq, woman; <£6/9os, 
fear]. Morbid aversion to the society of women. 

gyniatrics (jin-e-a'-triks) [yvvq, woman; larpda, 
therapy]. Gynecology, or gynecologic therapeutics. 

gynocardia (jin-o-kar'-de-ah). See chaulmoogra. 

gynocyanauridzarin (jin-o-si-an-aw-rid'-za-rin) ,. 



GYNOPLASTIC 



405 



GYRUS 



(C9H2iO-)2KCNOAu3, used in leprosy, tertiary- 
syphilis, tuberculosis, psoriasis, etc. Dose Wqts—sts 
gr. (0.03-0.2 mg.) 3 times daily. 

gynoplastic {jin-o-plas'-tik) [yw-q, woman; ir\ao-o-elv, 
to mould]. Pertaining to a plastic operation on the 
female genitals. 

gynophore (jin'-o-for) [ywri, female; <f>epeZv, to 
bear]. In biology: (a) The stalk of a pistil raising 
it above the receptacle; (b) The branch of a hydroid 
gonoblastidium that bears only generative buds 
containing ova. 

gypsum (jip'-sum) [yvipos, chalk], CUSO4+2H2O. 
Native calcium sulphate. Deprived of its water of 
crystallization it constitutes plaster-of -Paris. 

gyral (ji'-ral) [gyrare, to turn or whirl]. Pertaining 
to a gyrus or to gyri. 

gyration (ji-ra'-shun) [gyrare, to turn or whirl]. 
A turning in a circle; also, giddiness. 

gyre (jir) [gyrus, a circle]. A cerebral convolution. 
And see gyrus.^ 

gyrencephalic (ji-ren-sef-al'-ik). Pertaining to a 
brain having numerous convolutions. 

gyrencephalus (ji-ren-sef'-al-us). Having a brain 
with numerous convolutions. 

gyri (ji'-ri) [pi. of gyrus]. 1. The convolutions 
of the brain. 2. The spiral cavities of the internal 
ear. 

gyroma (ji-ro'-mah) [yvpos, a circle]. Myoma of 
the ovary in which the fibrous tissue presents a wavy 
appearance; it is ascribed to degenerative changes in 
the fibrous tissue surrounding old contracting corpora 
lutea. 

gyromele {ji'-rom-el) [yvpos, a circle; p.e\e, a kind 
of cup]. Of Tiirck, a stomach-tube or probe with a 
rotating center, which can be fitted with various 
attachments and used in estimating the size of the 
stomach, cleansing, massage of the walls, securing 
cultures, etc. 

gyrosa (ji-ro'-sah) [yvpos, a circle]. A variety of 
gastric vertigo in which, when the patient is standing, 
everything turns around him, and he must close his 
eyes to avoid falling. 

gyrospasm (ji'-ro-spazm) [yvpos, circle; 0-1ro.0-p.bs, 
spasm]. A peculiar rotary spasm of the head, and 
sometimes a nodding spasm. 

gyrus {ji'-Tus) [yvpos, a circle; pi., gyri]. A con- 
volution of the brain. See convolution, g. ambiens, 
or circumambiens, a small convolution in the uncus 
at the end of the lateral olfactory stria, g. Andreae 
Retzii, any one of a number of ill-defined gyres 
between the dentate and the hippocampal gyres, in 
front of the splenium. g., angular, the posterior 
part of that one between the intraparietal fissure in 
front and above and the horizontal limb of the 
Sylvian fissure, g., annectant, four small convolu- 



tions connecting the occipital with the temporo- 
sphenoid and parietal lobes, g., ascending frontal, 
that in front of Rolando's fissure, g., ascending 
parietal, that just behind Rolando's fissure, g., 
callosal, the convolution immediately above the 
callosum. g., dentate, in man, a_ rudimentary one 
in the hippocampal fissure, g. epicallosus or supra- 
callosus, the indusium, q. v. g. fasciolaris, the fasci- 
ola, a. v. g. fornicatus, a long convolution on the 
median surface of the brain above the corpus cal- 
losum. g., frontal, the convolutions of the frontal 
lobe, g., hippocampal, that part of the fornicate 
convolution that winds around the splenium of the 
corpus callosum. g., insular, the small gyri com- 
posing the island of Reil. g. intralimbicus, that part 
of the uncus caudad of the dentate gyrus, g. longus 
insulee, the postinsula, a long gyre in the island of 
Reil. g., marginal, the median surface of the- first 
frontal convolution, g., medifrontal, the convolu- 
tion between the superfrontal and subfrontal fissures. 
g., meditemporal, the convolution between the 
supertemporal and the meditemporal fissures, g., 
mesorbital, the convolution between the intercerebral 
and olfactory fissures, g., occipital, the convolutions 
making up the occipital lobe, g., olfactory. See 
stria, olfactory, g., paracentral, one on the mesial 
surface of the brain representing the junction of the 
upper ends of the ascending frontal and ascending 
parietal convolutions, g., parietal, those of the 
parietal lobe, g., postcentral. Same as g., ascending 
parietal, g., postparietal, the convolution between 
the posterior limb of the meditemporal fissure and 
the paroccipital fissure, g., precentral. Same as 
g., ascending frontal, g., preinsular, any one of 
four or five small gyres in the insula or island of Reil. 
g. semilunaris, a small convolution in the uncus at 
the end of the lateral olfactory stria, g., subcal- 
carine, a convolution between the calcarine and the 
collateral fissures, g., subcollateral, a convolution 
between the collateral and the subtemporal fissures. 
g., subfrontal, the convolution between the sub- 
frontal and the Sylvian fissures, g., subtemporal, 
the convolution between the meditemporal and 
the subtemporal fissures. g., superfrontal, the 
convolution between the callosomarginal and the 
superfrontal fissures, g., supertemporal, the con- 
volution between the Sylvian and the supertemporal 
fissures, g., supramarginal, the anterior part of one 
between the intraparietal fissure in front and above 
and the horizontal limb of the Sylvian fissure, g., 
temporal, those of the temporal lobe, g., trans- 
temporal, any one of a number of small gyres on the 
opercular surface of the temporal lobe, g., uncinate, 
the hook-like termination of the fornicate convolu- 
tion. 



H. i. Chemical symbol of hydrogen. 2. Abbrevi- 
ation of hyperopia; of hora, hour; and of haustus, a 
draught. 

Haab's pupil-reflex (hahp) [O. Haab, Swiss 
ophthalmologist, 1850- ]. If a bright object 
already present in the visual field is looked at, the 
pupils contract, while there is no appreciable change 
during convergence or accommodation. This points 
to a cortical lesion. H.'s sign. See H.'s pupil- 
reflex. 

habena (hab-e'-nah) [L., "a rein"]. 1. A frenum. 
2. Habenula (2). 3. A bandage or strip of plaster 
for a wound. 

habenal, or habenar (hab-e'-nal, or hab-e'-nar) 
[habena, a rein]. Relating to the habena. 

habenula (hab-en'-u-lah) [habena, a rein]. 1. A 
frenum. 2. A ribbon-like structure ; a name applied 
to different portions of the basilar membrane of 
the internal ear. 3. A peduncle of the pineal gland. 
h. arcuata, the inner zone of the basilar membrane of 
the cochlea, h. conarii, the peduncle of the pineal 
gland, h., tecta. Same as h. arcuata. habenula?, 
ganglion, a small club-shaped body on the mesial 
surface of the optic thalamus, in which the cor- 
responding peduncle of the pineal gland terminates. 

habenular (hab-en'-u-lar) [habena, a rein]. Per- 
taining to an habenula. 

habit (hab'-it) [habere, to have]. 1. The general 
condition or appearance of an individual, as a full 
habit, a condition of plethora indicated by congestion 
of the superficial vessels and obesity. 2. The 
tendency to repeat an action or condition, h.- 
spasm, h.-chorea, a spasmodic, constantly recurring 
movement of certain voluntary muscles, usually seen 
in children. 

habitat (hab'-il-at) [habitare, to dwell]. The 
natural home of an animal or vegetable species. 

habitus (hab'-it-us) [habere, to have]. Habit; 
general appearance or expression, h. apoplecticus, 
tendency to apoplexy, h. enteroptoticus, the con- 
dition characteristic of enteroptosis; the abdomen is 
long and narrow, and the costal angle is less than oo°. 

habromania (hab-ro-ma'-ne-ah) [&/3pos, graceful; 
(j.avla, madness]. Insanity with pleasant or agree- 
able delusions. 

hachement (hahsh-mon(g)) [Fr., "hacking" or 
"chopping"]. A form of massage consisting of a 
succession of strokes performed with the edge of the 
extended fingers or with the whole hand. 

hacking (hak'-ing). See hachement. 

hadernkrankheit (hah'-dern-kronk-hit) [Ger.]. A 
disease of rag-pickers, by some supposed to be 
anthrax; others look upon it as malignant edema. 

hae-. For words beginning thus, not found below, 
see he-. 

Haeckel's law [Ernst Heinrich Hceckel, German 
naturalist, 1834- ]• The principle that every 
organism, in its ontogeny, goes through a series of 
stages, each of which represents a stage in the evo- 
lution of that class of organisms to which it belongs; 
heredity influencing or securing its palingeny, and 
the environment causing its kenogeny; in other 
words, "that the ontogeny is a short repetition of the 
phylogeny." 

haema- (hem-ah-). See hema-. 

haemal (hem'-al). See hemal. 

hsemamceba (hem-am-e' -bah) . See hemameba. 

haemato- (hem'-at-o-). See hemato-. 

haematoxylin (hem-at-oks' -il-in) . See hematoxylon. 
H. campechianum, American tropical tree, logwood; 
the wood is astringent. 

hasmin {hem' -in). See hemin. 

haemo- (hem'-o). For words thus beginning see 
hemo-. 

Hasmogregarinae (hem-o-greg-ar-i'-ne). See Hcemo- 
sporidia. 

haemorrhage (hem'-or-aj). See hemorrhage. 

Haemosporidi m-o-spor-id'-e-ah) alpia, blood; 



sporidia]. An order of sporozoa which live for a 
part of their life cycle, within the red blood cells of 
their hosts. 

Haeser's coefficient (ha'-zer) [Heinrich Haeser, 
German physician, 1811-1884]. The number 2.33, 
with which the last two figures of the specific gravity 
of the urine are multiplied in order to obtain the 
amount of solids in 1000 c.c. of urine. 

Haffkine's method of immunization against 
cholera (haf-kin) [Waldemar Mordecai Wolff Haff- 
kine, Russian bacteriologist, i860- ]. This con- 
sists in the injection of a definite quantity of sterilized 
culture; 5 days later a small dose, and in 5 days 
more a larger dose, of the living virulent culture. 
H.'s prophylactic fluid, a preparation of plague 
bacilli used by inoculation as a preventive of the 
plague. It is not a serum or a lymph, but a fluid 
culture of pest-bacilli, grown for several weeks under 
conditions most favorable to the development of the 
toxic properties; it is finally deprived of its infective 
quality by being heated to a temperature that is 
fatal to the living bacteria, but which does not alter 
the specific toxin. 

haffkinin (haf'-kin-in). Haffkine's plague serum. 
See Haffkine's prophylactic fluid. 

Hagedorn needle (hag'-ed-orn) [Werner Hagedorn, 
German surgeon, 1 831-1894]. A curved surgical 
needle with flat sides. 

hagiotherapy {ha-je-o-ther'-ap-e) [iiyios, sacred; 
eepairda, treatment]. Treatment of disease by 
means of shrines, relics, the intervention of saints, 
and other similar observances. 

Hahnemannism {hahn' -e-man-izm) [Samuel Chris- 
tian Frederic Hahnemann, German physician, the 
founder of the doctrine of homeopathy, 1755-1843]. 
See homeopathy. 

Haidinger's brushes (hi'-ding-er) [Wilhelm von 
Haidinger, Austrian mineralogist, 1795-187 1]. A 
brush-like image seen on directing the eye toward a 
source of polarized light, due to the doubly refractive 
character of the elements of the macula. 

Haines's coefficient ihanz) [Walter Stanley Haines, 
American chemist and toxicologist, 1850- ]. The 
number 1.1 which when multiplied by the last two 
figures of the specific gravity of urine will give the 
amount of solids in grains for each fluidounce. 
H.'s solution for glucose in urine. Copper sulphate 3. 
potassium hydroxide 9, glycerin 100, water 600. 
Use as Fehling's solution; a red precipitate will be 
formed. 

hair [AS., hcer]. A delicate filament growing from 
the skin of mammals; collectively, all the filaments 
forming the covering of the skin. Hair is a modified 
epidermal structure, and consists of a shaft and a root, 
the latter expanded at its end into the hair-bulb, 
which is concave and caps the hair-papilla, h.-bulb, 
the expanded portion at the lower end of a hair-root. 
h.-cell, an epithelial cell with delicate, hair-like pro- 
cesses, as, e. g., the hair-cells of the organ of Corti. 
h.-follicle, the depression in the corium and sub- 
cutaneous connective tissue containing the root of 
the hair, h.-papilla, a portion of the corium pro- 
jecting upward into the center of a hair-bulb, h.-salt, 
native magnesium sulphate. 

hairy heart. A heart covered with a rough mass 
of exudate, h. tongue, a tongue covered with hair- 
like papillae. 

halakones (hal'-ak-onz). Small cones of stiffened 
gauze, loosely filled with absorbent material which 
may be medicated: they are designed to fit the 
nostril so that all air inhaled must pass through the 
medicated medium. 

hale (hal). Sound; healthy; robust. 

halide, halid (hal' -id). Same as haloid. 

halimeter (hal-im'-et-er) [aXs, salt ; iikrpov, a measure]. 
An instrument for estimating the proportions of 
water in milk by means of its power to dissolve com- 
mon salt. 



HALIMETRY 



407 



HAMILTON'S 



halimetry (hal-im'-et-re) [aXs, salt; fikrpov, a 
measure]. The process of determining the quantity 
of salts in a mixture. 

halisteresis (hal-is-ter-e'-sis) [&Xs, salt; o-rep^ffis, 
privation]. The loss of lime-salts of bone. 

halisteretic (kal-is-ier-et'-ik). Pertaining to, or 
affected with halisteresis. 

halitosis (hal-it-o'-sis) [halitus, exhalation]. Foul 
breath. 

halituous (hal-it'-u-us) [halitus, breath]. Moist, 
as if from having been breathed upon; applied to the 
skin. 

halitus (hal'-it-us) [L.]. A vapor, as that expired 
from the lung. 

Hall's (Marshall) disease (hawl) [Marshall Hall, 
English physician, 1790-1857]. Hydrocephaloid oc- 
curring in infants suffering from severe chronic 
intestinal catarrh. H.'s fades, the prominent 
forehead and small features peculiar to hydro- 
cephalus. H.'s method of artificial respiration. 
The body is turned alternately upon the side or face 
to compress the chest, and then upon the back to 
allow the lungs to expand. 

Haller's ansa (hal'-ler) [Albrecht von Holler, 
Swiss anatomist, 1708-1777]- A loop formed in 
front of the internal jugular vein by a small nerve 
branching off from the facial just below the stylo- 
mastoid foramen, and joining the glossopharyngeal a 
little below Andersch's ganglion. It is not constant. 
H.'s circle. (1) The plexus of vessels formed by 
the short ciliary arteries upon the sclerotic, at the 
entrance of the optic nerve. (2) The circulus veno- 
sus mammae, situated beneath the areola of the 
nipple. H.'s colic omentum, a process of the upper 
right border of the greater omentum which may 
become adherent to the testis during fetal life and 
be included in the sac of an inguinal hernia. H.'s 
cones, the coni vasculosi of the epididymis, small 
conic masses made up of the convolutions of the 
efferent tubules of the testicle. They form part of 
the globus major, and their tubules opening into a 
common duct form the origin of the vas deferens. 
H.'s congenital hernia. See Malgaigne's hernia. 
H.'s fretum. See H.'s isthmus. H.'s habenula, the 
slender cord formed by the obliteration of the canal 
which during early life connects the cavity of the 
peritoneum with that of the tunica vaginalis. H.'s 
isthmus, the constriction which separates the ventricle 
from the aortic bulb during early fetal life. Syn., 
fretum Halleri. H.'s network, the rete vasculosum 
of the testis. H.'s plexus, the network formed by 
branches of the external laryngeal and sympathetic 
nerves on the outer surface of the inferior constrictor 
pharyngis._ Syn., Haller's laryngeal plexus. H.'s 
splendid line, the longitudinal fibrous band of the 
pia corresponding to the site of the anterior median 
fissure of the spinal cord. Syn., linea splendens. 
H.'s tripod, the celiac axis. Syn., tripus Halleri. 
H.'s tunica vasculosa, the lamina vasculosa of the 
choroid. H.'s vas aberrans, a small, convoluted 
duct connected with the tail of the epididymis or 
the beginning of the vas deferens. H.'s venous 
circle, an incomplete circle of superficial veins fre- 
quently seen through the integument of the mamma, 
especially during lactation. 

hallex (hal'-eks) [L.: pi., hallices]. See hallux. 

Hallion's law (hal-yon) [L. Hallion, French physi- 
cian]. "Organic extracts exert on the same organ an 
exciting influence which lasts for longer or shorter 
time; when this organ is insufficient, it is conceivable 
that this influence augments its action and, when it 
is injured, that it favors its restoration." 

Hallopeau's disease (hal-op-o') [Henri Hallopeau, 
French dermatologist, 1842- ]. Chronic pustular 
dermatitis, a form of Neumann's disease. 

hallucal (hal'-u-kal) [hallux]. Pertaining to the 
hallux, or great toe. 

hallucination (hal-lu-sin-a'-shun) [alucinari, to 
wander in mind]. A false sense-perception; it is 
the perception of an object or phenomenon which 
has no external existence, as hallucination of sight, 
sound, smell, taste, or touch. 

hallucinosis (hal-lu-sin-o'-sis). The condition of 
being possessed by more or less persistent hallucina- 
tions. 

hallux (hal'-uks) [L.: pi., halluces]. The great 
toe. h. dolorosus. See h. flexus. h. flexus, a 
condition allied to and perhaps identical with ham- 
mer-toe, in which there is flexion of the first phalanx 
of the great toe. The second phalanx is usually 



extended upon the first, and there is more or less 
rigidity of the metatarsophalangeal joint, h. rigidus. 
See h. flexus. h. valgus, displacement of the great 
toe toward the other toes. h. varus, displacement 
of the great toe away from the other toes. 

halo {ha' -16) [aXcos, a round threshing-floor]. 
1. The areola of the nipple. 2. The luminous circles 
seen about a light, h. glaucomatosus, in glaucoma, 
a white ring surrounding the optic disc, h.-symptom, 
the colored circles seen around lights in glaucoma. 

halobios (hal-o-bi'-os) [aXs, the sea; ptos, life]. 
The totality of the marine flora and fauna in oppo- 
sition to limnobios, the organic world of fresh water, 
and geobios, the totality of the terrestrial plant and 
animal world. 

halogen (hal'-o-jen) [aXs, salt; vwai', to produce]. 
A univalent element that forms a compound of a 
saline nature by its direct union with a metal. The 
halogens are chlorine, iodine, bromine, and fluorine. 
h. acid, an acid formed by the combination of a 
halogen with hydrogen. 

halogenic (hal-o-jen'-ik) [aXs, salt; yewdv, to 
produce]. Salt-producing; producing haloids. 

haloid (hal'-oid) [aXs, salt; elSos, likeness]. Re- 
sembling sea-salt. h. salts, any one of those com- 
pounds that consist of a metal directly united to 
chlorine, bromine, iodine, or fluorine. 

halology (hal-ol'-o-je) [aXs, salt; X670S, science]. 
The chemistry of salts. 

haloscope (hal'-o-skop) [aXs, salt; vKoirelv, to ex- 
amine]. An apparatus for determining the amount 
of salt in a solution. 

Halsted's operation (hol'-sted) [William Stewart 
Halsted, American surgeon, 1852- ]. For the 
radical cure of inguinal hernia: similar to Bassini's 
operation, but Halsted makes a new internal ring 
in addition to transplanting the cord in a new canal. 

Halstern's disease. Endemic syphilis. 

Halteridium {hal-tur-id'-e-um) [aXr-qpes, weights 
held in the hand when leaping]. A genus of para- 
sitic coccidia which infest the blood-corpuscles of 
birds. 

ham [AS., hamm]. 1. The back part of the knee; 
the popliteal space. 2. The buttock, hip, and thigh. 

hamamelin (ham-am-e'-lin). A precipitate from 
a tincture of the bark of witch-hazel, Hamamelis 
virginiana; it is astringent, tonic, and sedative. 
Dose gr. j-iij. 

hamamelis (ham-a-me'-lis) [a/m, together with; 
nijXov, apple]. Witch-hazel, h. bark (hamamelidis 
cortex, U. S. P.), the bark and twigs of Hamamelis 
virginiana, used in the preparation of hamamelis 
water, h. leaves (hamamelidis folia, U. S. P.), 
the leaves of Hamamelis virginiana, used in preparing 
the fluidextract. h. leaves, fiuidextract of (fluidex- 
tr actum hamamelidis foliorum, U. S. P.), frequently 
employed as an astringent gargle in subacute sore 
throat; internally as a hemostatic, and in suppository 
or ointment in the treatment of bleeding piles. 
Dose 5-40 min. (0.3-2.6 Cc). h. water {aqua 
hamamelidis, U. S. P.), an aqueous extract of ham- 
amelis bark; under the name of extract of witch- 
hazel it is a popular household remedy. Dose |-i 
dr. (2-4 Cc). 

hamarthritis (ham-ar-thri'-tis) [ana, together; 
apdpov, a joint; ins, inflammation]. Gout involving 
all of the joints. 

hamartia (ham-ar'-she-ah) [anaorlov, bodily defect]. 
An error of development due to defects in tissue- 
combination. 

hamartoma (ham-ar-to'-mah) [ap.apTiov, bodily 
defect; op.a, tumor]. 1. A tumor due to a failure of 
development. 2. A tumor due to a new growth of 
blood-vessels. 

hamatum (ham-a'-lum) [L. "hooked"]. The 
unciform bone. 

Hamburger's depot reaction (ham' -boor -ger). ■£$ 
c.cm. of a 1 : 10,000 dilution of tuberculin is injected 
just beneath the skin of the forearm or back. If the 
reaction is positive a subcutaneous infiltration ap- 
pears within twenty-four Jiours, and there is a 
reddening at the site where the point of the needle 
rested. 

Hamilton Irving apparatus. An appliance to pre- 
vent a patient (after a suprapubic operation) from 
being wetted by the urine soaking into the dressings. 

Hamilton's test (ham'-il-tun) [Frank Hastings 
Hamilton, American surgeon, 1813-1875]- In dis- 
location of the shoulder-joint a ruler applied to the 



HAMMARSTEN'S 



408 



HARELIP 



dislocated humerus may be made to touch the 
acromion and external condyle at the same time. 

Hammarsten's test for globulin (ham'-ars-ten) 
[Olof Hammarsten, Swedish physiologist, 1841- ]. 
To the neutral solution add powdered magnesium 
sulphate until no more of the salt dissolves. Separate 
the globulin thus precipitated by filtration, and wash 
with a saturated solution of magnesium sulphate. 

hammer (ham'-er) [ME., hamer]. 1. In anatomy, 
the malleus. 2. An instrument for striking, h.- 
bone, the malleus, h., Mayor's, one with rounded 
faces to produce counterirritation on the skin by 
application when heated, h., Neef, h., Wagner, an 
interrupter or circuit-breaker employed with many 
induction-coils, h., percussion-, a plexor, h., 
thermal, a hammer-shaped cautery-iron, h.-toe, a 
term applied to a condition of the second toe in which 
the proximal phalanx is extremely extended while 
the two distal phalanges are flexed. 

hammerman's cramp. A spasmodic, often pain- 
less affection of the muscles of the upper extremity; 
it is seen in those who use a hammer, and is due to 
overuse. 

hammock (ham' -ok) [Span., hamaca, a hanging 
mat]. A couch or bed made of netting or canvas, 
suspended at the ends. It is much used aboard 
vessels and in tropical regions; it has been used 
latterly in the transportation of the sick and wounded. 
Slings for fractured legs, etc., are sometimes called 
hammocks. 

Hammond's disease (ham'-ond) [William Alexander 
Hammond, American neurologist, 1828-1900]. Athe- 
tosis. 

hamose (ham'-os) [hamus, a hook]. Hooked at 
the apex.^ 

hamstring. The tendons bounding the ham above 
on the outer and inner side, h., inner, the tendons 
of the semimembranosus, sartorius, gracilis, and 
semitendinosus muscles, h., outer, the tendons of 
the biceps flexor cruris. 

hamular (ham'-u-lar) [hamus]. Pertaining to or 
shaped like a hook. 

hamulate, hamulose (ham'-u-lat, -los) [hamus, a 
hook]. Hooked or hook-shaped. 

hamulus (ham'-u-lus) [dim. of hamus, a hook]. 
A hook-shaped process, as of a bone. h. of the 
cochlea, the hook-like process of the osseous lamina 
at the cupola. 

Hancock's operation. For amputation through the 
Joot: a modification of Pirogoff's operation, in which 
the sawn surface of the os calcis is brought in contact 
with the transverse 1 section of the astragalus. 

hand [ME.]. The organ of prehension in bimana 
and quadrumana, composed of the carpus, the 
metacarpus, and the phalanges, h., ape-, h., claw-, 
"h., monkey-. See claw-hand, h., battledore, the 
large hand seen in cases of acromegaly, h.-elec- 
trode, an electrode for use in the hand, h., forceps, 
a hand < which has lost the ■ three middle fingers. 
n., trailing, in synchronous writing of both hands, 
that upon which the attention, visual or central, is 
not fixed. 

handkerchief (hang' -ker-chif) [ME., hand; kerchef, 
a kerchief]. A square piece of cloth for wiping the 
face or nose, h.-dressing, a form of temporary 
dressing for wounds and fractures, made of hand- 
kerchiefs^ 

hangnail (hang'-nal). A partly detached piece of 
epidermis at the root of the nail, the friction against 
which as caused inflammation of the abraded 
surface . 

Hankin's defensive proteids. Germicidal globu- 
lins found by Hankin in the blood of certain animals 
and giving immunity to certain toxins. 

Hannover's canal (han'-o-ver). The artificial pas- 
sage produced between the anterior and posterior 
fibers of the zonules of Zinn by the injection of a 
viscous fluid. H.'s intermediate membrane, the en- 
amel membrane; the inner, cellular layer of the en- 
amel-organ of the dental germ of the fetus. 

Hanot's disease (han'-o) [Victor Charles Hanot, 
French physician, 1844-1806]. Hypertrophic cir- 
rhosis of the liver with icterus. 

Hansen's bacillus (han'-sen) [Gerhard Armauer 
Hansen, Norwegian physician, 1841- ]. The 
Bacillus leprce. 

haouwa [E. Ind.]. Synonym, in Bagdad, of 
Asiatic cholera. 

hapalonychia (hap-al-o-nik'-e-ah) [dxaXos, soft to 
the touch; oVu£, nail]. A soft condition of the nails. 



hapantismus (hap-an-tiz'-mus) [airas, entire]. 
Complete adhesion between parts or surfaces. 

haphalgesia (haf-al-je'-ze-ah) [d^, touch; 0X705, 
pain]. A feeling of pain produced by merely touching 
an object. 

haphemetric (haf-e-met'-rik) [a<p-h, touch; ukrpov, 
measure]. Relating to esthesiometry. See esthesio- 
meter. 

haphephobia (haf-e-fo'-be-ah) [d^, contact; <f>6Pos, 
fear]. The morbid dread of being touched; noso- 
phobia. 

haphonosus (haf-on-o'-sus) [d<£f), touch; " voaos, 
disease]. Any disorder of the sense of touch. 

haplobacteria (hap'-lo-bak-te-re-ah) [anXoos, simple; 
bacteria]. Non-filamentous bacteria. 

haplodermatitis (hap-lo-der-mat-i'-tis) [dirXoos, 
simple; Sep^a, skin; ms, inflammation]. A simple 
or uncomplicated skin-inflammation. 

haplodermitis (hap-lo-der-mi'-tis). Haplodermatitis. 

haplodont (hap'-lo-dont) [airXoos, single; 6S6vs, 
tooth]. In biology, applied to animals whose molar 
teeth have simple or single crowns. 

haplolichen (hap-lo-W -ken) [airXSos, single; XeixV, 
lichen]. Same as lichen simplex, q. v. 

haplomelasma (hap-lo-mel-az'-mah) [d7rX6os, simple; 
fieXaafia, a livid spot]. Simple melasma. 

haplopathy (hap-lop'-ath-e) [dirXoos, simple; ir&9os, 
illness]. Any uncomplicated disease. 

haplophyma (hap-lo-fi'-mah) [airXSos, simple; <j>T>na, 
a tumor]. A simple tumor. 

haplopia (hap-lo'-pe-ah) [drrXoos, single; &\]/, vision]. 
Single vision; used in opposition to diplopia. 

haploscope (hap'-lo-skop) [d7rX6os, single; oKonrtlv, 
to see]. An instrument for measuring the visual 
axes, h., mirror, an instrument for observing the 
effects of varying degrees of convergence of the 
visual axes. 

Haplosporidia (hap-lo-spor-id'-e-ah) [airXoos, single; 
sporidia]. An order of sporozoa, with a simple spore 
and one nucleus. 

haplotomia, haplotomy (hap-lo-to'-me-ah, hapt'-lo- 
o-me) [airXoos, simple; 7-0/417, a cut]. A simple 
incision. 

haptic (hap'-tik) [d7rr6s, subject to the sense of 
touch]. Pertaining to touch; tactile. 

haptics (hap'-tiks) [airreiv, to touch]. The science 
of the tactile sense. 

haptine (hap'-ten) [a-Kreiv, to bind]. 1. In Ehr- 
lich's lateral-chain theory, any thrown-off receptor. 
These are of three orders: (1) antitoxins; (2) agglu- 
tinins and precipitins; (3) cy to toxins or lysins. 
2. An antigen. 

haptodysphoria (hap-to-dis-fo'-re-ah) [airros, tactile; 
touched; 8vs, difficult; <£op6s, bearing]. The dis- 
agreeable sensation aroused by touching certain 
objects, as velvet, a peach, or a russet apple. 

haptogen (hap'-to-jen) [airreiv, to bind; yewav, to 
produce]. A pellicle forming around fatty matter 
when Drought into contact with albumin. Syn., 
haptogenic membrane. 

haptophil, haptophile (hap'-to-fil) [o-tttciv, to bind; 
4>t.Xelv, to love]. In Ehrlich's side-chain theory 
applied to a receptor having an affinity for the 
haptophore of a toxin. f 

haptophore (hap'-to-for) [airreiv, to bind; <pkpetv, 
to bear]. That complex of atoms of a toxic unit 
which unites it to the cell-receptor. 

haptophoric, haptophorous (hap-tof-or'-ic, -us). 
Combining; pertaining to haptophores. h. group. 
See haptophore. 

haramaitism (har-am-a'-it-izm) [Anglo-Indian; 
from Haram maiti, the name of an Hindu offender 
in this way]. Child-marriage in India; also, the 
collective physical evils that result from that system. 

hardening (hard' -en-ing) [AS., hearde, hard]. A 
stage in the preparation of tissues for microscopical 
examination in which they are rendered firm, so that 
they may, after embedding, be readily cut. 

Harderian gland (har-de'-re-an) [Johann Jacob 
Harder, Swiss anatomist, 1656-17 n]. A racemose 
gland located at the inner canthus of the eye of 
most vertebrates, and especially of those having a 
well-developed nictitating membrane. 

Hardy-Behier's symptom. See Behier- Hardy's 
symptom. ' 

hare-eye (har'-i). See lagophthalmos. 

harelip. Congenital fissure of the lip, due to 
arrested facial development, h., complicated, that 
with cleft or malformation of the superior maxillary 
bone also, h., double, two clefts of the lip or one of 



HARLEQUIN 



409 



HEALING 



each lip. h. suture, a figure-of-8 suture about a pin 
thrust through the lips of the freshened edges of the 
cleft. 

harlequin (har'-le-kwin). Variegated; party- 
colored, h. fetus, a fetus with congenital ichthy- 
osis, general seborrhea, or diffuse keratoma. Such 
subjects are always born prematurely, and have no 
external ears, eyelids, or lips. 

Harley's disease (har'-le) [George Harley, English 
physician, 1820-1896]. See Dressler's disease. 

harmaline (har'-ma-len). An alkaloid, C13H14N2O, 
from harmel; it is used as a stimulant and anthel- 
mintic. 

harmel (har'-mel). Wild rue, Peganum harmala, 
of Turkey; it is a vermifuge. 

harmonia, harmony (har-mo'-ne-ah, har'-mo-ne) 
[apuovia, harmony]. A form of articulation between 
two bones that are closely and immovably apposed. 

harpoon (har-poon') [Fr., harpon, a grappling-iron]. 
An instrument for the removal of bits of living tissue 
for microscopic examination. 

Harris separator or segregator (har'is) [Malcolm 
L. Harris, American-surgeon]. A double catheter 
is passed into the bladder, and a lever into the rec- 
tum or vagina; this lever lifts up the floor of the 
bladder between the separated ends of the divided 
catheter; the urine from each kidney is thus collected 
serarately and flows out through the catheter on the 
same side. 

Harrison's groove (har'-is-on) [Edward Harrison, 
English physician, 1766-1838]. A curve extending 
from the level of the ensiform cartilage toward the 
axilla, and corresponding to the insertion of the 
diaphragm ; it is pronounced in rickets. 

harrowing (har'-o-ing). The action of teasing the 
fibers of a nerve or tearing them apart with any 
blunt instrument. 

Hartley-Krause operation (hart'-le-krow'-zer) 
[Frank Hartley, American surgeon; Fedor Krause, 
German surgeon, 1857- ]• The removal of the 
entire Gasserian ganglion and its roots for relief of 
facial neuralgia. 

Hartmann's fossa (hart'-man) [Robert Hartmann, 
German anatomist, 1831- ]. A small, infundi- 
bular fossa of the peritoneum lying between Tuffier's 
inferior ligament and the mesoappendix. Syn., 
fossa ileoctzcalis infima. 

hartshorn {harts' -horn) . 1. Cornu cervi, the horn 
of the stag, formerly a source of ammonia, or spirit 
of hartshorn. 2. A name popularly given to am- 
monia-water. 

hishish, hasheesh (hash'-esh). See cannabis. 

Hasner's valve (has'-ner) [Joseph Ritter von 
Hasner, Austrian ophthalmologist, 1810^1892]. 
An inconstant valvular fold of mucosa at the inferior 
meatus of the nasal duct. 

Hassan's bodies (has'-al) [Arthur Hill Hassall, 
English physician, 1817-1894]. Concentrically stri- 
ated corpuscles, apparently of a degenerative char- 
acter, found in the thymus gland. H.'s test, the 
growth of Saccharomyces cerevisia, observed under 
the microscope, is indicative of the presence of 
sugar in the urine. 

Hastings' stain (has'-tings) [Thomas Wood Has- 
tings, American physician, 187 3- ]. Amethylene- 
blue and eosin staining reagent modified from Ro- 
manovsky's stain. 

Hata (hah'-tah) [S. Hata, Japanese physician]. 
See Ehrlich-Hata. 

hatters' disease (hat'-er). A form of constitu- 
tional mercurial poisoning occurring in the makers 
of hats; also a skin-disease, arising from the use of 
mercury and arsenic; also an acute irritation of the 
respiratory tract caused by the fumes of nitrogen 
tetroxide; all of these chemicals being used in hat- 
making, h.'s consumption, a form of pneumonitis 
occurring in hatters from inhalation of the fur and 
dust arising during the process of "finishing and 
pouncing." 

haunch (hawnsh) [Fr., hanche]. The part of the 
body including the hips and the buttocks, h.-bone, 
the ilium. 

haustra coli (haws' '-trah co'-li) [L. ; pi. of haustrum]. 
Sacculations of the colon. 

haustrum (haw' -strum) [L.]. The pouch or de- 
pression of the sacculations of the colon. 

haustus (haws'-tus) [L., a drink or draught]. A 
draught, h.-niger, black draught; the compound 
infusion of senna. 

haut mal (o-mahV). See epilepsy. 



Havers' canals (ha'-verz) [Clopton Havers, English 
anatomist, 1650-1702]. The canals pervading the 
compact substance of bone in a longitudinal direc- 
tion and anastomosing with one another by trans- 
verse or oblique branches. They contain blood- 
vessels and lymphatics. H.'s glands, fatty bodies 
connected with the synovial fringes of most of the 
joints. They were believed by Havers to secrete the 
synovia. Syn., Glandules mucilaginoscs. H.'s lamel- 
lae, the concentric lamella? of bone which form the 
Haversian canals. H.'s spaces, large, irregularly 
shaped spaces found chiefly in growing bones. 
H.'s system, the concentric arrangement of the bony 
lamellae, usually 8 or 10 in number, around a Haver- 
sian canal. 

haw [ME., haw, an excrescence in the eye]. 1. The 
third eyelid, nictitating membrane, or winker of a 
horse. 2. A diseased or disordered condition of the 
third eyelid of the horse. 

hawking (haw'-king) [ME., hauk, to hawk]. 
Clearing the throat by a forcible expiration. 

Hay's method. A method of removing dropsical 
effusions by producing frequent serous evacuations 
by means of saline cathartics combined with a dry 
diet. 

hay-asthma. See hay-fever. 

Hayem's corpuscles, H.'s hematoblasts (a-yem') 
[Georges Hay em, French physician, 1 841- ]. See 
Bizzozero's blood-platelets. H.'s disease, apoplecti- 
form myelitis. H.'s solution, used in the microscopic 
examination of blood; it consists of sodium chloride,. 
1 Gm. ; sodium sulphate, 5 Gm.; mercuric chloride,. 
0.5 Gm.; dissolved in 200 Cc. of distilled water. 

Haygarth's nodes or nodosities (ha'-garth) [John 
Haygarth, English physician, 1740-1827]. Exostoses 
of the joints of the fingers in arthritis deformans. 

hay-fever. An acute affection of the conjunctiva 
and upper air-passages, coming on periodically at 
certain seasons of the year, especially in summer and 
autumn, in persons predisposed to the disease. The 
exciting factor in some cases is the pollen of grasses; 
in others the disease seems to be caused reflexly by 
polypi and other diseased conditions of the nose. 
The chief symptoms are coryza, sneezing, headache,, 
cough, and asthmatic attacks. Syn., hay-asthma ,- 
hay-cold. 

hazeline (ha'-zel-en). Trade name applied to- 
preparations of Hamamelis virginiana. 

hb. Abbreviation of hemoglobin. 

H. D. Abbreviation of hearing distance. 

He. Chemical symbol of helium. 

head (hed) [ME., hed]. 1. The uppermost part 
of the body; that part of the body containing the 
brain, the organs of sight, smell, taste, and hearings 
and part of the organs of speech. 2. The top r 
beginning, or most prominent part of anything, as 
the head of the femur, the head of the muscle, etc. 
h.-drop, a peculiar disease seen in Japan during the 
spring and early summer, supposed to be miasmatic 
in origin. It is attended with inability to hold the 
head erect, paralytic symptoms in the limbs, and 
optic disorders. One attack predisposes to others.. 
h.-gut. See foregut. h.-kidney, pronephron. h.- 
locking, the entanglements of the heads of twins, at 
the time of birth, h.-louse, pediculus capitis. 
h., scald, h., scalled, any scabby disease of the scalp. 
h., swelled, actinomycosis. 

headache (hed' -ok). Pain in the head. The 
following varieties of headache are described: local,, 
general; organic, functional; toxemic — alcoholic, 
caffeinic, diabetic, lithemic, malarial, rheumatic, 
uremic; reflex — gastric, ocular, nasal, uterine; cardiac,, 
pulmonic, anemic, congestive; hysterical, neurasthenic 
Syn., cephalalgia, h., academy. See h., panorama. 
h., bilious, migraine, h., ocular, pain in and about 
the head that results from ametropia, organic disease: 
in, or from impaired function of, any part of the 
visual apparatus, h., panorama, h., sightseer's,, 
headache resulting from the strain of the eyes ex- 
posed to brilliant lights or moving objects, etc. 
h., sick, migraine, h., theater. See h., panorama. 

heal (hel). To make whole or sound; to cure. 
h.-all. See Collinsonia. 

healer (hel'-er). 1. One who effects cures. 2. One 
who without medical education claims to cure by 
some form of suggestion, h., natural, one supposed 
to possess personal magnetism capable of overcoming 
disease. 

healing (he'-ling) [AS., helan, to heal]. The process- 
or act of getting well or of making whole; especially 



HEALTH 



410 



HECTOLITER 



the getting well of an ulcer or wound, h. by first' 
intention, h., primary, the union of two accurately 
apposed surfaces without any visible granulating pro- 
cess, h. by second intention, healing through the 
medium of granulations, which fill up the gap of the 
wound, h. by third intention, that in which the 
two granulating surfaces are approximated so as to 
unite and heal readily. 

health (helth) [see healing]. That condition of 
the body in which all the functions are performed 
normally, h., bill of, the official document issued by 
quarantine or other public health officers, which 
grants freedom from sanitary restraint. French, 
pratique, h., board of, a public body having charge 
of the sanitation of a stated district. 

hear (her). To perceive by the ear. 

hearing (her'-ing) [AS., hyran, to hear]. The 
special sense by which the sonorous vibrations of the 
air are communicated to the mind. The organ of 
hearing is the ear, whence the vibrations are carried 
by the auditory nerve to the center of hearing, 
situated in the temporosphenoid lobe of the cerebrum. 
h.-distance, the distance at which a certain sound 
can be heard, h., double, diplacusis. h., Eitel- 
berg's test for. See Eitelberg. 

heart (hart) [AS., heorte]. A hollow, muscular 
organ, the function of which is to pump the blood 
through the vessels. It is enveloped by a serous sac 
called the pericardium, and consists of two sym- 
metrical halves, a right auricle and ventricle and a left 
auricle and ventricle. The right auriculoventricular 
orifice is guarded by the tricuspid valve; the left by a 
valve with two leaflets--the mitral. These valves 
are broad and thin, consisting of two layers of the 
lining membrane of the heart, the endocardium, 
separated by a slight amount of connective tissue. 
To support them, thin chorda tendinece join their 
free margins to the muscles in the wall of the ventricle 
— the columnce, carnece. The outlet of the right 
ventricle into the pulmonic artery, and the left into 
the aorta, are guarded by stout, short, tricuspid 
valves — the semilunar valves, h.-berg, the thoracic 
portion of the thymus gland of animals. See also 
neck-berg, h., bicycle, cardiac disease due to ex- 
cessive use of the bicycle, h.-block, dissociation of 
auricular and ventricular rhythms due to inter- 
ference with the conduction of the contraction pro- 
cess, h.-b., complete, when the ventricular con- 
tractions are independent of the auricular, h.-b., 
partial or incomplete, when one of the auricular 
contractions regularly excites the ventricles to 
contraction, h.-burn, a burning sensation at the 
epigastrium and lower part of the chest, h.-clot, 
coagulation of blood in the cardiac cavity, h., fatty, 
a name given to two distinct pathologic conditions 
of the heart tissue. In the first there is a true fatty 
degeneration of the muscular fibers of the heart; 
in the second there is an increase in the quantity of 
subpericardial fat — a fatty infiltration, h., hairy. 
See cor villosum. h., icing, Eichhorst's name for a 
heart the whole surface of which is covered with a 
dense, thick, marble-white tissue, h., irritable, a 
peculiar cardiac excitability, marked by pain, 
palpitation, dyspnea, and rapid pulse; it has been 
noted especially among soldiers in the field, in whom 
it has been ascribed to muscular exhaustion, h., 
low, a low position of the heart due to anatomical 
conditions, not to disease. Syn., bathycardia. h., 
luxus, a condition in which a primary dilatation of 
the heart is followed by hypertrophy of the left 
ventricle; often found in gourmands, h., peripheral, 
a term applied to the muscular coat of the blood- 
vessels other than the heart, h., typhoid, over- 
distention and laceration of the blood-vessels of the 
heart, with atrophy of the muscle-fibers, due to 
typhoid fever, h., villous. See cor villosum. 

heartburn (hart'-bern). A burning sensation at 
the epigastrium and lower part of the chest, caused 
by gastric fermentation. 

heat (het) [AS., hcetu]. i. A form of kinetic energy 
communicable from one body to another; it is that 
form of molecular motion which is appreciated by a 
special thermal sense. 2. The periodic sexual 
excitement in animals, h., atomic. See atomic heat. 
h., capacity for, the number of heat-units required 
to raise the temperature of a body i° C. h.-centers, 
centers in the brain for stimulating heat-production 
or heat-elimination, and for regulating the relation 
of these, h., latent, the quantity of heat necessary 
to convert a body into another state without changing 



its temperature, h., molecular, the product of the 
molecular weight of a compound multiplied by its 
specific heat, h., prickly, h.-rash, miliaria, h., 
specific, the amount of heat required to raise the 
temperature of a substance a given number of degrees. 
The unit of specific heat is the Calorie, which is the 
amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 
one gram of water from 4 to 5 C. h.-stroke, the 
symptoms produced by exposure to great heat — 
either that of the sun or that of heated rooms, 
h.-unit, the amount of heat required to raise the 
temperature of one kilogram of water from o° to i° C. ; 
it is technically called a calorie. 

Heath's operation (heth) [Christopher Heath, 
English surgeon, 1835- ]. For fixity of the lower 
jaw: division of the ascending ramus beneath the 
masseter with a saw introduced through the mouth 
by means of a small incision above the last molar 
tooth. 

heaves (hevz) [ME., heven, to raise]. A disease of 
horses, characterized by difficult and laborious 
respiration. It is also called "broken wind." 

hebeosteotomy (he-be-os-te-ot'-o-me). See hebos- 
teotomy. 

hebephrenia (he-be-fre' -ne-ah) [1\$n, puberty; 4>pi)v, 
mind]. A form of mental derangement occurring 
in young persons at or soon after the age of puberty, 
and characterized by mental deterioration and a 
gradually increasing egotism. It may end in a 
permanent dementia. 

hebephreniac (he-be-fre' -ne-ak) . One who is affected 
with hebephrenia. 

hebephrenic (he-be-fren'-ik). 1. Affected with 
hebephrenia. 2. One who is affected with hebe- 
phrenia. 

Heberden's asthma (heb'-er-den) [William Heber- 
den, English physician, 1710-1801]. Angina pectoris. 
H.'s disease, (1) arthritis deformans; (2) angina 
pectoris. H.'s nodes, H.'s nodosities, deformity of 
the fingers in arthritis deformans. 

Heberden-Rosenbach's nodes. See Heberden's 
nodes. 

hebetic (he-bet'-ik) [fifir]TiK6s, relating to puberty]. 
Relating to puberty or to adolescence. 

hebetude (heb'-e-tud) [hebetudo, bluntness]. Dul- 
ness of the special senses and intellect: a condition 
present in grave fevers. 

hebetudinous (heb-e-tu'-din-us) [hebetudo, bluntness]. 
Affected with hebetude. 

hebosteotomy (he-bos-te-ol'-o-me) [ri&y, pubes; 
btrrkov, bone; T0/X17, cutting]. Section through the 
body of the pubis to facilitate labor; pubiotomy. 

hebotomy (he-bot'-o-me) [fjfiri, pubes; rk^veiv, to 
cut]. Van de Velde's operation of sawing the pelvis 
in cases of obstructed delivery; pubiotomy. 

Hebra's disease (ha'-brah) [Ferdinand von Hebra, 
Austrian dermatologist, 1816-1880]. Same as H.'s 
erythema. H.'s erythema. Polymorphous erythema. 
H.'s pityriasis, pityriasis rubra. H.'s prurigo, true 
prurigo. 

hecatomeral, hecatomeric (hek-at-om'-er-al, hek- 
at-o-mer'-ik) [iKarepov, each singly; n'epos, a part]. 
Applied to a neuron the processes of which divide 
into two parts, one going to each side of the spinal 
cord. 

Hecht's test (hekt) [Hugo Hecht, Austrian physi- 
cian]. A modification of Wassermann's reaction for 
syphilis; it is founded on the fact that human blood 
serum can dissolve ten times its volume of a 2 per 
cent, solution of sheep's blood. 

hectargyre (hek'-tar-jir). A compound of hectine 
and mercury; used hypodermically, as an anti- 
syphilitic. 

hectic (hek'-tik) Uktikos, habitual]. 1. Habitual. 
2. Pertaining to phthisis, h. fever, a fever caused 
by absorption of toxic substances formed in the 
process of suppuration, and characterized by daily 
intermissions and frequent drenching sweats. It 
occurs in pulmonary tuberculosis, in pyemia, etc. 
h. flush, the flushed cheek seen in hectic fever. 

hectine (hek'-ten). Sodium benzosulphoparamino- 
phenylarsinate, an arsenical compound said to tje 
less toxic than atoxyl; used in syphilis. 

hecto- (hek-to-) [tua-rov, a hundred]. A prefix sigr 
nifying one hundred. 

hectogram (hek'-to-gram) [hecto-; ypanfjta, an inscrip- 
tion]. One hundred grams, or 1543.2349 grains. 

hectoliter (hek'-to-le-ter) [hecto-; \lrpa, a pound]. 
One hundred liters, equal to 22.009 imperial or 26.4 
United States gallons. 



HECTOMETER 



411 



HELIOTROPIC 



hectometer (hek'-to-me-ter) [hecto-; ukrpov, a 
measure]. One hundred meters, or 328 feet 1 inch. 

hedeoma (he-de-o'-mah) [1756s, sweet; d<rp.r), smell]. 
American pennyroyal. The leaves and tops of H. 
pulegioides, the properties of which are due to a 
volatile oil. It is stimulant, carminative, and 
emmenagogue. It is used in suppression of the 
menses, the flatulent colic of children, and, on account 
of its pungent odor, to drive off fleas and mosquitos. 
h., oil of (oleum hedeomce, U. S. P.). Dose 2-10 min. 
(0.13-0.65 Cc). 

hedgehog crystals. Crystals of ammonium urate, 
found as a urinary deposit in the form of globular 
crystals with spiny projections. 

hediosit (he'-de-o-sit). A white crystalline, odor- 
less powder with a sweet taste, easily soluble in water; 
used in the dietetic treatment of diabetes. 

hedonal (he'-don-al). Methylpropylcarbinol ur- 
ethane; recommended as a safe hypnotic in the milder 
forms of_ insomnia. Dose 20-45 gr. (1.33-2.9 Gm.). 

hedonia (he-do' -ne-ah) [t}8ovt], pleasure]. Abnormal 
cheerfulness; amenomania. 

hedonism (he'-do-nizm) [nbov-q, pleasure]. The 
pursuit of pleasure; in psychic medicine, the un- 
reasoning pursuit of some hobby or whim. 

hedrocele (hed'-ro-sel) [eSpa, breech; K17X77, hernia]. 
1. A hernia through the notch of the ischium. 2. 
Prolapse of the anus. 

hedrosyrinx (hed-ro-si' -rinks) [eSpa, anus, funda- 
ment; avptyg, pipe]. Fistula in ano. 

heel (hel) [AS., hela]. The hinder part of the 
foot, h.-bone, the os calcis. 

Hegar's method of diagnosing fibroma (ha'-gar)- 
TAlfred Hegar, German gynecologist, 1830- ]. 
This consists in drawing downward the uterus with 
a volsellum while the finger is passed into the rectum 
and pressed against the tumor; if it is ovarian, it will 
he immovable; if uterine, there will be great resistance 
to drawing down the cervix. H.'s operation. For 
the relief of cancer of the rectum: the knife is carried 
along the sides of the sacrum, making the letter V. 
He hinges the flap with a chain-saw. H.'s sign, com- 
pressibility of the lower segment of the uterus and 
the upper half of the cervix, noticed on bimanual 
examination during the first two or three months of 
pregnancy. 

hegemony (he-gem' -on-e) [■nyep.div, a leader]. The 
supremacy of one function over a number of others. 

hegonon (heg' -on-on) . A substance obtained by 
treating silver ammonium nitrate with albumose, 
said to contain about 7 per cent, of organically 
combined silver. It is a light brown powder soluble 
in water, and is used as a substitute for silver 
nitrate. 

hegovia (he-go' -ve-ah). A proprietary remedy for 
enuresis said to consist of salol, powdered snails, and 
lithium salicylate. 

Hehner's test for formaldehyde in milk (hd'-ner). 
Place 5 Cc. of the milk in a test-tube and dilute with 
an equal volume of water. Carefully pour down the 
sides of the test-tube strong sulphuric acid containing 
a trace of ferric chloride, so as to form a layer of acid 
below the milk. In the presence of formaldehyde a 
violet ring is formed at the junction of the two 
liquids; 1 part in 100,000 may be detected. The 
acid should be of 1.81 to 1.83 sp. gr., and mus- 
contain a trace of ferric salt. The charring due ot 
the action of the acid on the milk must not be mist 
taken for color-reaction. 

Heidenhain's demilunes (hi'-den-hlnz dem'-e-lun) 
[Rudolf Heidenhain, German physiologist, 1834- 
1897]. Crescentic bodies lying between the cells 
and the membrana propria of an acinus of a salivary 
gland. H.'s rods, H.'s striae, the slender columnar 
cells of the uriniferous tubules. 

Heim-Kreyssig'ssign(/nw-&n'-3*'g). See Kreyssig's 
sign. 

(von) Heine's infantile paralysis. Spastic spinal 
paralysis of infancy. 

'Kemeke-Miku]iczopeta.tion(hi' -nek-eh-mik'-oo-litz) 
[Walter Hermann Heinecke, German surgeon, 1834- 
; Johann von Mikulicz, Austrian surgeon, 1850- 
1905]- Pyloroplasty. 

Heisrath's operation (his' -rath). Excision of the 
tarsus and conjunctiva in cases of trachoma of long 
standing. 

Heister's diverticulum (hi'-sler) [Lorenz Heister, 
German anatomist, 1683-1758]. The sinus of the 
jugular vein. H.'s valves, the transverse valvular 
folds of the cystic duct. 



helcodermatosis (hel-ko-der-mat-o'-sis) [helcoma ; 
Skpfia, skin]. Skin disease with the formation of 
ulcers. 

helcoid (hel'-koid) [helcoma; eloos, likeness]. 
Resembling an ulcer. 

helcology (hel-kol'-o-je) [eX/cos, ulcer; X6705, sci- 
ence]. The pathology and treatment of ulcers. 

helcoma (hel-ko'-mah) [?X/cos, an ulcer]. An ulcer. 

helcomenia (hel-ko-me' -ne-ah) [eX/cos, ulcer; p.r\ v, 
month]. Vicarious menstrual discharge from an ulcer. 

helcoplasty (hel'-ko-plas-te) [helcoma; ir\ao-<reiv, to 
form]. The treatment of ulcers by skin-grafting. 

helcopoiesis (hel-ko-poi-e'-sis) [eX/cos, ulcer; iroir]ffi.s, 
making]. The surgical formation of an issue, for 
counter-irritation. 

helcosis (hel-ko'-sis) [eXwoo-is, ulceration]. The 
formation and development of an ulcer. 

helcosol (hel'-ko-sol). See bismuth pyrogallate. 

Helcosoma tropicum (hel-ko-so '-mah trop'-ik-um) 
[e\Kos, ulcer; o-ayia, a body]. A name proposed by 
Wright for the protozoan parasite of Delhi boil. 

helcotic (hel-kot'-ik) [eX/cos, an ulcer]. Ulcerative; 
of the nature of or accompanied by ulceration. 

helenin (hel'-en-in), CeHgO. A stearoptene from 
Inula helenium ; it is used as an internal and external 
antiseptic. Dose f-§ gr. (o. 01 1-0.022 Gm.). 

helexin (hel-eks'-in). A glucoside, C32H54O11, from 
Hedera helix. 

heliciform (hel-is' -e-form) [helix; forma, form]. 
Spiral; shaped like a snail-shell. 

helicina (hel-is' -in-ah). A mixture of snail mucus 
and sugar; a white powder, soluble in water, and used 
as a pectoral remedy. Syn., saccharated snail-juice. 

helicine (hel'-is-in) [helix]. 1. Spiral in structure. 
2. Pertaining to the helix, h. arteries, spirally 
winding arteries supplying the erectile tissue of the 
penis. 

helicis (hel'-is-is) [helix]. Muscle of the helix of 
the ear. See muscles, table of. 

hehcoid (hel'-ik-oid) [helix; elSos, form]. Spiral; 
coiled like a snail-shell. 

helicopepsin (hel-ik-o-pep'-sin) [<!Xi£, a spirally 
coiled snail; irk-wais, digestion]. A peptic ferment 
found by Krukenberg in snails. 

helicopod (hel'-ik-o-pod) [eXt£, a spirally coiled 
snail; irovs, foot]. A dragging gait in which the foot 
describes a partial curve. 

helicoprotein (hel-ik-o-pro'-te-in). A phosphoglyco- 
protein obtained from the glands of the snail, Helix 
pomatia. It is converted by action of alkalies into a 
gummy, levorotatory carbohydrate called animal 
sinistrin. 

helicotrema (hel-ik-o-tre'-mah) [helix; Tpfip.a, hole]. 
The opening connecting the scalae tympani and 
vestibuli of the spiral canal of the cochlea. 

heliencephalitis (he-le-en-sef-al-i-tis) [ij\ios, sun; 
eyKe<f>a\os, brain; ins, inflammation]. Encephalitis 
caused by exposure to the sun's rays. 

Heliodorus' bandage (hel-e-o-dor'-us) [Heliodorus, 
a Roman surgeon, 1st century]. The T-bandage. 

heliomyelitis (he-le-o-mi-el-i'-tis) [helios; /weXos, 
marrow; ins, inflammation]. Myelitis caused by 
exposure to the sun's rays. 

helionosus (he-le-on'-o-sus) [helios; voaos, disease]. 
Sunstroke. 

heliophag (he'-le-o-fag) [helios; <j>aytlv, to devour]. 
A name given to the animal pigment-cell, as being a 
supposed absorber of the radiant energy of the sun's 
light and heat. 

heliophilia (he-le-of-iV -e-ah) [?}Xios, sun; <$>i\<Tiv, 
to love]. Morbid affinity for the sunlight, resulting 
in ectsacy and muscular contraction. 

heliophobe (he'-le-o-fob) [t)Xios, sun; 06j8os, fear]. 
One who is morbidly sensitive to the effects of the 
sun's rays. 

heliophobia (he-le-o-fo'-be-ah) [77X10S, sun; #6/3os, 
fear]. Morbid fear of exposure to the sun's rays. 

heliosin (he-le-o'-sin). An antisyphilitic mixture 
of various inorganic salts with keratin. 

heliosis (he-le-o'-sis) [t/Xios, sun]. A sun-bath; 
also, sunstroke. 

heliostat (he'-le-o-stat) [77X10$, sun; araros, fixed]. 
A mirror moved by clockwork in such a manner as to 
reflect continuously the sun's rays in a fixed direction. 

heliotherapy (he-le-o-ther'-ap-e) [t?Xios, sun; depa- 
irela, treatment]. The treatment of disease by 
exposure of the body to sunlight. Sun-bathing. 

heliotropic (he-le-ot' -rop-ik) [tJXios, sun; rpkirtiv, 
to turn]. Relating to the movements of protoplasm 
under the influence of light. 



HELIOTROPIN 



412 



HEMADOSTENOSIS 



heliotropin {he-le-ot' -ro-pin) [t}Xios, the sun; Tpk-xeiv, 
to turn], i. See piperonal. 2. A bitter, volatile, 
crystalline, poisonous principle -from Heliotropium 
europceum, a European species of heliotrope. Its 
action is little known. 

heliotropism (he-le-ot'-ro-pizm) [t/Xios, the sun; 
rpkireiv, to turn]. In biology, that property of a 
plant or plant-organ by virtue of which it bends 
toward or away from the sunlight. 

heliotropy (he-le-ot'-ro-pe) [tjXios, the sun; rpoiri}, 
a turning]. Same as heliotropism. 

helium (he'-le-um) [77X105, sun]. A gaseous body, 
a supposed atmospheric element, boiling below 
264 C., which has resisted all attempts to liquefy it. 
It forms compounds with hydrogen, carbureted 
hydrogen, and nitrogen. Symbol He; atomic 
weight 3-99- 

helix (he'-liks) [eXi£, a spiral]. 1. The rounded, 
convex margin of the pinna of the ear. 2. A coil of 
wire as that of an electromagnet. 

hellebore, helleborus (hel'-e-bor, hel-leb'-or-us) 
[eXXe/3opos, hellebore]. A plant of the genus Helle- 
borus, particularly H. niger, black hellebore, the 
root of which contains two glucosides, helleborin, 
C36H42O6, and helleborein, C26H44O15, to which its 
properties are due. It is a drastic hydragogue, 
cathartic, and an emmenagogue, and has been used 
as a drastic purge in insanity, dropsy, and amenor- 
rhea. Dose of the powdered root, as a purge, 10-20 
gr. (0.65-1.3 Gra.). h., white. See veratrum. 

helleborein (hel-eb-or'-e-in) . A poisonous glucoside, 
C26H44O1S, from Helleborus niger and viridis. 

helleborin (hel-eb'-or-in), C36H42O6. A poisonous 
glucoside from black hellebore. 

helleborism (hel'-eb-or-izm). 1. The treatment of 
disease with hellebore. 2. The morbid condition 
induced by the free exhibition of hellebore. 

Heller's plexus (hel'-er) [Johann Florian Heller, 
Austrian physician, 1813-1871]. The network of art- 
eries in the deeper layer of the intestinal submucosa. 
H.'s test]. 1. A test for albumin in the urine. A 
little nitric acid is placed in a test-tube and the urine 
allowed carefully to flow down the side of the tube, so 
as to form a layer on the acid without mixing. The 
development of an opaque white ring indicates 
albumin. 2. A test for the presence of blood-color- 
ing-matter in the urine. The urine is boiled with 
half its volume of caustic potash, whereby the phos- 
phates are precipitated. The precipitate is colored 
red if blood is present. 3. For sugar in the urine, 
see Moore's test. 

Hellmund's ointment (hel'-munt). A narcotic 
ointment composed of acetate of lead, 10 parts; 
extract of conium, 30 parts; balsam of Peru, 30 
parts; Sydenham's laudanum, 5 parts; and cerate, 
240 parts. 

Helmerich's ointment (hel'-mer-ik). An ointment 
used in the treatment of scabies. It consists of 
sublimated sulphur, 1 dram; potassium carbonate, 
\ dram; and lard, 6 J drams. The ointment should 
remain in contact with the diseased surface for four 
or five hours. 

Helmholtz's ligament (helm'-holz) [Hermann 
Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz, German physi- 
ologist, 1 821-1894]. The anterior ligament of the 
malleus that encircles the long process of the latter 
and is inserted into the anterior part of its neck and 
head. H.'s line, the line perpendicular to the 
plane of the axis of rotation of the eyeballs. H.'s 
theory of color-vision. See Young-Helmholtz. 

helminth (hel'-minth) [2X/lu"s, a worm]. 1. A worm. 
2. An intestinal worm. 

helminthagogue, helminthagog (hel-minth'-ag-og). 
See anthelmintic. 

helminthiasis (hel-min-thi'-as-is) [helminth]. The 
diseased condition produced by the presence of worms 
in the body. h. elastica, elastic tumors of the 
axillae and groins due to filaria. 

helminthicide (hel-minth'-is-id) [helminth; ccedere, 
to kill]. See vermicide. 

helminthic (hel-min'-thik). See anthelmintic. 
helminthism (Jtel-minth'-izm) [helminth]. The 
existence of intestinal worms in the body. 

helminthochorton (Jtel-minth-o-kor'-ton) [helminth ; 
\6pros, grass]. Corsican moss. 

helminthogenesis (hel-min-tho-jen'-e-sis). The 
same as helminthiasis. 

helminthoid (hel-min'-thoid) [helminth; elSos, like- 
ness]. Pertaining to or shaped like a worm. 



helminthology (Jiel-min-thol'-o-je) [helminth; X670S, 
science]. The science of worms, especially those 
parasitic within the body. 

helminthoma (hel-min-tho'-mah) [helminth; &na, 
a tumor: pi., helminthomata]. A tumor caused by 
the presence of a parasitic worm. See Bulam boil 
and Guinea-worm. 

helminthoncus (hel-minth-ong'-kus) [helminth ; 
6-ykos, a tumor]. An old term, for a parasitic skin- 
disease. 

helminthophobia {hel-min-tho-fo' -be-ah) [helminth; 
06/Sos, fear]. A nervous state produced by the 
presence or thought of parasitic worms. 

helminthous {hel-min'-thus) [helminth]. Wormy. 

helmitol (hel'-mit-ol) . Hexamethylenetetramine 
anhydromethylene citrate, an analgesic and urinary 
antiseptic. Dose 10-15 gr. (0.64-0.97 Gm.) 3 times 
daily in a wineglassful of water. 

Heloderma (he-lo-der'-mah) [17X05, nail; bkpua* 
skin]. A genus of lizards. H. horridum, of Mexico, 
and H. suspectum, of Arizona (called Gila Monster) , 
are said to be the only known species of venomous 
lizards, v 

helodermatous (he-lo-der'-mat-us) [17X05, a nail, 
wart; depfia, skin]. In biology, having a warty or 
tuberculous skin. 

helodes (he-lo'-dez) [eXos, a swamp]. 1. Swampy, 
or marshy. 2. A fever attended with profuse 
sweating. 3- Marsh-fever. 

helonin (hel'-o-nin) [eXos, a marsh]. A crude 
precipitate from the tincture of Chamcelirion caro- 
linianum or Helonias dioica. It is tonic anthelmintic, 
and diuretic. Caution should be observed in its use. 
Dose, gr. ij-iv. 

helophilous (hel-of-il-us) [£Xos, a marsh; <pl\os, 
loving]. Inhabiting marshes. 

helopyra (hel-o-pi'-rah) [eXos, marsh; irvp, fever]. 
Malarial fever. 

helotic (hel-ot'-ik) [fj\os, a nail]. 1. Relating to 
corns. 2. A vesicant. 

helthin (hel'-thin). An acidulated solution of 
sodium parasulphanilate and of sodium or potassium 
amidonaphthol disulphonate. It is used as a test 
for nitrites in potable waters. 

Helweg's triangular bundle (hel'-veg) [Hans 
Kristian Saxtorph Helweg, Danish physician, 
1847- ]. The triangular or olivary tract situated 
in the ventral part of the anterolateral column of the 
spinal cord. 

hem-, hema-, hemato- {hem-, hem-ah-, hem-at-o-) 
[aiy.a, blood]. Prefixes signifying of or pertaining 
to the blood. 

hemabarometer {hem-ab-ar-om' -et-er) [cu/xa, blood; 
barometer]. An instrument for the determination of 
the specific gravity of the blood. 

hemaboloids (hem-ab'-ol-oidz) . Aproprietary article 
said to contain a vegetable iron with peptone, bone- 
marrow and nuclein. 

hemacelinosis (hem-as-el-in-o'-sis) [hema- ; kv~KIs, 
spot; vdffos, disease]. A synonym of the disease, 
purpura. 

hemachroin (hem-ak-ro'-in) [hema-; xpba., color]. 
Same as emhatosin. 

hemachromatosis (hem-ak-rom-at-o'-sis) [see hem- 
achrome]. General hematogenous pigmentation. 

hemachrome (hem'-ak-rom) [hema-; xp«M«. color]. 
The coloring-matter of the blood; hematin. 

hemachrosis (hem-ak-ro'-sis) [hema-; xp^°"«» 
coloring]. 1. Redness of the blood. 2. Any disease 
in which the blood is abnormally colored. 

hemacyanin (hem-as-i'-an-iri) [hema-; Kvavos, 
blue]. A blue coloring-matter found in the blood 
and the bile. 

hemacyte (hem'-as-lt). See hemocyte. 

hemacytometer (hem-as-i-tom' -et-er). See hema- 
cytometer. 

hemacytozoon {hem-a-si-to-zo' -on) [hema-; kvtos, 
cell; Sioov, animal: pi., hemacytozoa]. A protozoon 
found in the red blood corpuscles. 

hemad {hem' -ad) [hema-; ad, toward]. 1. Toward 
the hemal aspect; opposed to neurad. 2. A blood- 
cell or blood corpuscle. 

hemadenology (hem-ad-en-ol'-o-je) [hem-; iS^v, a 
gland; \6yos, a discourse]. The study of the ductless 
glands, and their diseases. 

hemadonosos (hem-ad-on'-o-sos) [hema-; voaos, dis- 
ease]. A disease of the blood or of the blood-vessels. 

hemadostenosis (hem-ad-o-ste-no'-sis) [<u/zds, blood- 
stream; crevos, narrow]. Stricture or narrowing of a 
blood-vessel. 



HEMADOSTEOSIS 



413 



HEMATINIC 



hemadosteosis (hem-ad-os-te-o' -sis) [alp-as, blood- 
stream; barkov, bone]. Ossification or calcification 
of blood-vessels. 

hemadromograph {hem-ad-rom'-o-graf) [hema-' 
Spo/jLos, course; yphfaiv, to write]. An instrument 
for registering changes in the velocity of the blood- 
stream. 

hemadromometer {hem-a-dro-mom' -et-er) [hema-; 
8p6txos, course; fierpov, a measure]. An instrument 
for measuring the velocity of the blood-current. 

hemadromometry (hem-ad-ro-mom'-et-re) [hema- ; 
dpo/ios, course; n'erpov, measure]. Measurement of 
the speed of the blood-current. 

hemadynamics (hem-ad-i-nam'-iks) [hema-; Swapx, 
power]. The science pertaining to the movements 
involved in the circulation of the "blood. 

hemadynamometer (hem-a-di-na-mom' -et-er) 

[hema-; dwafiis, strength; fikrpov, a measure]. An 
instrument for measuring the tension or pressure of 
blood within the arteries. 

hemafacient (hem-a-fa'-she-ent) [hema-; facere, to 
make]. An agent that increases the quantity and 
quality of the blood. 

hemafecal (hem-af-e'-kal) [hema-; fax, dregs]. 
Characterized by bloody stools, h. jaundice. See 
jaundice. 

hemagglutination, hemoagglutination (hem-ag-loo- 
tin-a'-shun, hem-o-ag-loo-tin-a' -shun) [see hemagglu- 
tinins]. The clumping of red blood-corpuscles. 

hemagglutinins, hemoagglutinins (hem-ag-loo'-tin- 
inz, hem-o-ag-loo' -tin-inz) [hema-; agglutinin]. Ag- 
glutinins which have the power to clump red blood- 
•corpuscles. Syn., erythroagglutinins. 

hemagogue, hemagog (hem'-ag-og) [hema-; hyuybs, 
leading], i. Promoting the menstrual or hemor- 
rhoidal discharge of blood. 2. An agent that pro- 
motes the catamenial or hemorrhoidal flow of blood. 

hemal (he'-mal) [alua, blood]. 1. Pertaining to 
the blood or vascular system. 2. Pertaining to the 
ventral aspect of the body, that part containing the 
b.eart and blood-vessels, h. arch, the arch formed 
by the ribs, sternum, and vertebral bodies, h. spine, 
"the sternum or linea alba. 

hemalbumin (hem-aV -bu-min) [hema-; albumin], 

1. A predigested iron albuminate used in anemic 
•conditions. Dose 15 gr. (1 Gm.) several times daily. 

2. A preparation of the salts and albuminoid con- 
stituents of the blood. 3. A preparation of iron 
■containing hematin, hemoglobin, serum-albumin, 
paraglobulin, and inorganic constituents of the blood. 

hemaleucin (hem-al-oo'-sin) [hema-; XevKos, white]. 
Pibrin; the white portion of a washed blood-clot. 

hemaleukosis (hem-al-oo-ko'-sis) [hema-; Xewcos, 
-white]. The formation of the buffy coat of a clot. 

hemalopia (hem-al-o'-pe-ah) [hema-; &\p, the eye]. 
Effusion of blood in the eye; erythropsia. 

hemalum (hem-al'-um). A stain for bone-tissue 
consisting of hematoxylin and alum. 

hemameba, haemamoeba (hem-am-e'-bah) [hema-; 
ameba: pi., hemameba], 1. A white blood-cell. 
2. A parasitic ameboid microorganism of the blood, 
as the malarial parasite, haemamoeba leukemia? 
magna, h. leukemia? parva, bodies once supposed to be 
of protozoan nature and specific causes of leukemia, 
shown by Tiirck to be artefacts resulting from the 
action of a basic dye upon the mast-cell granules. 

hemamebiasis (hem-am-e-bi' -as-is) . The disease or 
condition due to infection with hemamebae. 

hemanalysis (hem-an-aV -is-is) [hema-; analysis]. 
Analysis of the blood. 

hemangioendothelioma (hem-an-je-o-en-do-the-le-o'- 
mah) [hema-; ayyelov, vessel; endothelioma]. Epi- 
thelial hyperplasia of the capillaries. 

hemangioma (hem-an-je-o'-mah) [hema-; ayyeiov, 
vessel; 6/ia, a tumor: pi., hemangiomata]. An angi- 
oma made up of blood-vessels. 

hemangiomatosis (hem-an-je-o-ma-to'-sis). The 
condition characterized by the presence of multiple 
hemangiomata. 

hemangiosarcoma (hem-an-je-o-sar-ko'-mah) [he- 
ma-; Ayyelop, vessel; sarcoma], A vascular sarcoma. 

hemanthine (hem-an'-thin) [hema-; avdos, a flower]. 
An alkaloid from Hemanlhus coccineus; it is poison- 
ous, with the general properties of atropine. 

Hemanthus (hem-an' -thus) [hema-; avdos, flower]. 
A genus of amaryllidaceous plants; blood-flower. 
H. coccineus, of S. Africa, affords an arrow-poison, 
with the general properties of atropine. The plant 
is a diuretic and cardiant. It affords hemanthine. 



hemanutrid (hem-an-u'-trid) . A liquid preparation 
of hemoglobin, 70 %; glycerol, 20 %; brandy, 10 %. 

hemaphein (hem-af-e'-in) [hema-; <f>ai6s, dusky]. 
A brown coloring-matter from blood, regarded as a 
decomposition-product of hematin. 

hemapheism, haemaphaeism (hem-af -e-izm) [hema-; 
tj>at.6s, dusky]. The passage of reddish-amber colored 
urine, combined with hepatic disorder. 

hemaphobia {hem-af-o'-be-ah). See hematophobia. 

hemapoiesis (hem-ap-oi-e' -sis) . See hematopoiesis. 

hemapoietic (hem-ap-oi-et'-ik). See hematopoietic. 

hemapophysis (hem-ap-off' -is-is) [hema-; airo^beiv, 
to put forth]. That part of an ideal or perfect verte- 
bra which forms the antero-lateral part of the hemal 
arch. In man, all the hemapophyses are either 
cartilaginous or detached. 

hemarthrosis (hem-ar-thro'-sis) [hema-; apOpov, a 
joint]. Effusion of blood into a joint. 

hemastatic (hem-as-tat'-ik) . See hemostatic. 

hemastatics (hem-as-tat'-iks) [hema-; araTiKoS, 
standing]. That branch of physiology treating of 
the laws of the equilibrium of the blood. 

hemasthenosis (hem-as-then-o'-sis) [hema-; &<rdk- 
veia, weakness]. A weakening or deterioration of 
the blood. 

hematachometer (hem-at-ak-om' -et-er). See hemo- 
tachometer. 

hematalloscopy (hem-at-al-os'-ko-pe) [hema-; aXXos, 
other; anoireZv, to examine]. In medical juris- 
prudence the examination of the blood to distinguish 
one kind from another. 

hematangionosus (hem-at-an-je-on'-o-sus) [hema- ; 
ayyelov, vessel; vbtjos, disease]. Disease of blood- 
vessels. 

hematapostasis (hem-at-ap-os'-tas-is) [hema-; airo- 
arao-Ls, a standing away from]. Unequal distribu- 
tion or pressure of blood, with congestion or effusion 
in some part of the body. 

hematapostema (hem-at-ap-os-te'-mah) [hema-; ebro- 
arvp.a, abscess: pi., hemaposiemata]. An abscess 
containing extravasated blood. 

hematedema (hem-at-e-de'-mah) [hema-; old^fxa, 
a swelling]. Swelling due to the effusion of blood. 

hematein (hem-af -e-in) [al/ia, blood], C16H12O6. 
A crystalline principle derived from, and recon- 
vertible into, hematoxylin, h.-ammonium, C10H9- 
O5 . NH4+4H2O, a violet-black granular powder, 
purple in aqueous solution, brown-red in alcoholic 
solution, used as a stain. 

hemateleum (hem-at-el'-e-um) [hema-; eXaiov, oil]. 
A yellow or brownish oily fluid obtained by the dry 
distillation of blood. 

hematemesis (hem-at-em' -es-is) [hema-; emesis]. 
The vomiting of blood. 

hematencephalon (hem-at-en-sef'-al-on) [hema- ; 
lyK.k<t>a\os, brain]. A hemorrhage or bleeding within 
the brain; cerebral apoplexy. 

hematherapy (hem-ah-ther'-ap-e) [hema-; depairda, 
therapy]. 1. The therapeutic use of prepared arterial 
blood of bullocks. 2. Treatment applied to diseases 
of the blood. 

hemathermous (hem-ath-er'-mus) [hema-; 0epp.6s, 
hot]. Having warm blood. 

hemathorax (hem-ah-tho'-raks). See hemothorax. 

hematic (hem-at'-ik) [hema-]. Pertaining to, full of, 
or having the color of, blood. Also, a blood-tonic. 

hematidrosis (hem-at-id-ro'-sis) [hema-; tSpws, 
sweat]. A sweating of blood. 

hematimeter (hem-at-im' -et-er) [hema-; ukrpov, a 
measure]. An instrument for counting the cor- 
puscles in a given volume of blood. 

hematimetry (hem-at-im' -et-re) [hema-; fierpov, 
measure]. The estimation of the number or pro- 
portion of the blood-corpuscles, as by the hemocyto- 
meter or hematimeter. 

hematin (hem'-at-in) [alp.a, blood], C34H3oN4FeOo. 
A decomposition-product of hemoglobin. It is 
bluish-black, amorphous, contains iron, and is soluble 
in dilute alkalies and acids, insoluble in water, in 
alcohol, and in ether, h.-albumin, a fine brown-red, 
tasteless, odorless powder obtained by drying blood 
fibrin. Dose, in anemia, 1-2 teaspoonfuls 3 times 
daily, h., reduced, hemochromogen. h., vegetable, 
aspergillin. 

hematinemia, hematinaemia (hem-at-in-e'-me-ah) 
[hema-; anemia]. The presence of hematin in the blood. 

hematinic (hem-at-in'-ik) [hematin]. 1. Same as 
hematic. 2. Relating to hematin. 3. An agent 
which tends to increase the proportion of hematin or 
coloring-matter in the blood. 



HEMATINOMETER 



414 



HEMATOMPHALOCELE 



hematinometer (hem-at-in-om'-et-er). Same as 
hemoglobinomeler. 

hematinuria (hem-al-in-ii'-re-ah). Same as hemo- 
globinuria. 

hemato- (hem-at-o-) [alfia, blood]. A prefix sig- 
nifying of or pertaining to the blood. 

hematoaerometer (hem-at-o-a-e-rom'-et-ur) [hem- 
ato; af/p, air; nerpov, measure]. An instrument for 
recording the pressure of the gases in the blood. 

hematobious (hem-at-o' -be-us) [hemato-; filos, life]. 
Living in the blood. 

hematobium (hem-at-o' -be-um) [hemato-; /3i'os, life], 
i. A blood-corpuscle. 2. A blood-parasite, hematozoon. 
hematoblast (hem'-at-o-blast) [hemato-; jSXcurros, a 
germ]. A blood-plate; an immature red blood- 
corpuscle. 

hematocatharsis (hem-at-o-kath-ar'-sis) [hemato- ; 
Kadapcns, a cleansing]. The process of expelling 
toxic substances from the blood. 

hematocathartic (hem-at-o-kath-ar'-tik) [hemato- ; 
nadapTiKos, cleansing]. 1. Purifying the blood. 
2. Any remedy that purifies the blood. 

hematocele (hem'-at-o-sel) [hemato-; /07X77, a tumor]. 
A tumor formed by the extravasation and collection 
of blood in a part, especially in the tunica vaginalis 
testis or in the pelvic cavity (pelvic hematocele). 

hematocelia (hem-at-o-se' -le-ah) [hemato-; KoiXia, 
a cavity]. An effusion of blood into the peritoneal 
cavity. 

hematocephalus (hem-at-o-sef -al-us) [hemato- ; 
Ke<j>a\i), head]. 1. An effusion of blood into the 
brain. 2. A monstrosity characterized by an 
effusion of blood into the cerebral hemispheres. 

hematochezia (hem-at-o-ke'-ze-ah) [hemato-; x^^p, 
to defecate]. The passage of bloody stools. 

hematochlorin (hem-at-o-klo'-rin) [hemato-; xXwpos, 
green]. An amorphous green pigment contained in 
the marginal zone of the placenta. 

hematochrosis (hem-at-o-kro' -sis) [hemato-; xp&vi-s, 
coloring; pi., hematochroses]. 1. Any disease charac- 
terized by discoloration of the skin. 2. A discolora- 
tion of the skin. 

hematochyluria (hem-at-o-ki-lu'-re-ah) [hemato- ; 
xiAos, chyle; ovpov, urine]. The presence of blood 
and chylous material in the urine. 

hematocolpos (hem-at-o-kol'-pos) [hemato-; koKttos, 
vagina]. A collection of blood within the vagina. 

hematocrit (hem'-at-o-krit) [hemato-; KpLveiv, 
to separate; to judge]. An instrument for making 
volumetric estimation of the blood-corpuscles by 
separating, by centrifugal action, the corpuscles from 
the plasma. 

hematocryal (hem-at-ok'-re-al) [hemato-; Kpvos, 
cold]. In biology, of or pertaining to the cold- 
blooded invertebrates. 

hematocrystallin (hem-at-o-kris'-tal-in). Same as 
hemoglobin. 

hematocyanosis (hem-at-o-si-an-o'-sis) . Synonym 
of cyanosis. 

hematocyst (hem'-at-o-sist) [hemato-; kvo-tis, 
bladder]. 1. A cyst containing blood. 2. An effu- 
sion of blood into the bladder. 

hematocyte (hem' -at-o-sit) [hemato-; kvtos, cell]. 
A blood-corpuscle. 

hematocytolysis. See hemocytolysis. 
hematocytometer (hem-at-o-si-tom'-et-er). See 
hemacytometer. 

hematocytozoon (hem-a-to-si-to-zo'-on) [hemato-; 
kvtos, cell; $$ov, animal]. A protozoan parasite 
inhabiting the red blood-corpuscles. 

hematocyturia (hem-at-o- si-tu'-re-ah) [hemato-; 
kvtos, cell; ovpov, urine]. The presence of blood- 
cells in the urine. 

hematodes (hem-at-o' -dez) [alp-aTudris, bloody]. 
Bloody; gorged with or appearing like blood. 

hematodiarrhea (hem-at-o-di-ar-e'-ah). Synonym 
of dysentery. 

hematodynamics (hem-at-o-di-nam'-iks) . See hemo- 
dynamics. 

hematodynamometer (hem-at-o-di-nam-om'-et-er) . 
See hemadynamometer . 

hematodyscrasia (hem-at-o-dis-kra'-se-ah) [hem- 
ato-; Svo-Kpao-la, bad temperament]. A diseased or 
dyscrasic state of the blood. 

hematogaster (hem-at-o-gas'-ter) [hemato- ; yao-T-qp, 
stomach]. Extravasation of blood into the stomach. 
hematogen (hem-at'-o-jen) [hemato-; yewav, to 
produce]. 1. A nucleoalbuminoid preparation of 
iron 0.3 %. 2. Defibrinated blood with minute 
percentage of creosote, containing 0.5 % of iron and 



mixed with glycerol and wine; used in anemia. 
1-2 tablespoonfuls. 3. A yellowish powder con- 
taining 7 % of iron or a liquid formed by adding 
ferric citrate and acetic acid to an alkaline solution 
of albumin. Dose of liquid 1-4 teaspoonfuls. 4. A 
decomposition-product of vitellin. 

hematogenesis (hem-at-o-jen'-es-is) [hemato- ; 
yewav, to produce]. The development of blood or 
blood-corpuscles . 

hematogenic (hem-at-o-jen'-ik) [see hematogenesis}. 
Pertaining to the formation of blood. 

hematogenous (hem-at-oj'-en-us) [see hematogene- 
sis]. Derived from or having origin in, the blood, 
hematoglobin (hem-ai-o-glo' -bin) . See hemoglobin.. 
hematoglobulin (hem-at-o-glob'-u-lin). Same ass 
hemoglobin. 

hepatography (hem-at-og'-ra-fe) [hemato-; yp&<f>eiv r 
to write]. A description of the blood; hematology. 
hematohidrosis (hem-at-o-hid-ro'-sis). See hemati- 
drosis. 

hematohiston (hem-at-o-his'-ton). See globin. 
hematoid (hem'-al-oid) [hemato-; eUos, likeness]. 
Resembling blood. 

hematoidin (hem-at-oi'-din) [see hematoid], C16H18- 
NO3. An iron-free derivative of hemoglobin, oc- 
curring in old blood-clots as yellowish-brown rhom- 
bohedral crystals. 

hematokolpos (hem-at-o-kol'-pos). See hematocol- 
pos. 

hematokrit (hem'-at-o-krit). See hematocrit. 
hematol (hem'-at-ol). A sterilized hemoglobin 
mixed with glycerol and brandy. 

hematolin (hem-at'-o-lin) [hemato-], CesHysNsCh. 
An iron-free derivative of hematin. 

hematologist (hem-at-oV -o-jist) [see hematology]. 
One who makes a special study of the blood and is 
skilled in the technic of blood-examinations. 

hematology (hem-at-ol'-o-je) [hemato-; \6yos, sci- 
ence]. The science of the blood, its nature, functions, 
and diseases. 

hematolymphangioma (hem-at-o-limf-an-je-o'-mah} 
[hemato-; lymph; ayyeiov, a vessel; 8(ia, a tumor]. 
A tumor involving blood-vessels and lymph-vessels. 
hematolysis (hem-at-oV -is-is) [hemato-; Xixris, a 
solution]. 1. Destruction or disorganization of the 
blood or of the corpuscles. 2. Diminished coagula- 
bility of the blood. 

hematolytic (hem-at-o-lit'-ik) [see hematolysis]. 
Marked by or tending to blood-impoverishment. 
h. serum. See serum. 

hematoma (hem-at-o' -mah) [hemato-; opa, tumor]. 
A tumor or swelling containing blood, haematoma 
auris, insane ear; an effusion of blood or serum 
between the cartilage of the ear and its covering, 
occurring in various forms of insanity as the result 
of injuries or trophic changes, h. of the dura mater,. 
an effusion of blood beneath the dura mater, forming 
membranous layers, h., pelvic, an effusion of blood 
into the cellular tissue of the pelvis, h.s, valve-, of 
the newborn, those due to imperfect development 
leading to the formation of clefts; they are not pro- 
duced by hemorrhage and have no relation to the 
minute hemorrhages found beneath the pericardium 
and endocardium in cases of death from suffocation. 
hematomancy, hematomantia (hem'-at-o-man-se r 
hem-at-o-man' -she-ah) [hemato-; ptavreLa, divination]. 
The arriving at a diagnosis from examination of the 
blood. 

hematomatous (hem-at-o' -mat-us) [hemato-; 6/ia r 
a tumor]. Relating to or of the nature of a hema- 
toma. 

hematomediastinum (hem-at-o-me-de-as-ti' -num) 
[hemato-; mediastinum, the mediastinum]. An 
effusion of blood into the mediastinal spaces. 

hematometer (hem-at-om' -et-er) . An instrument to* 
estimate the properties or constituents of blood- 
See hemodynamometer ; hemoglobinomeler. 

hematometra (hem-at-o-me'-trah) [hemato-; p,r)Tpa» 
uterus]. An accumulation of blood within the- 
uterine cavity. 

hematometry (hem-at-om' -et-re) [hemato-; ukrpov^ 
measure]. The estimation of the number and kind 
of corpuscles and the quantity of hemoglobin in the 
blood. 

Hematomonas (hem-at-om' -on-as) [hemato-; povAs,, 
monad]. A genus of protozoan parasites inhabiting: 
the blood. 

hematomphalocele (hem-at-om-faV -o-sel) [hemato-? 
6/x<£aX6s, navel; ktjXv, hernia]. An umbilical hernia, 
distended with blood. 



HEMATOMYCES 



415 



HEMATOZYMOSIS 



hematomyces (hem-at-om'-is-ez) [hetnato-; uvktis, 
a fungus]. A bleeding variety of encephaloid cancer; 
medullary sarcoma. Syn., fungus hcematodes. 

hematomyelia (hem-at-o-mi-e'-le-ah) [hemato-; 
fiveXos, marrow]. Hemorrhage into the spinal cord; 
an accumulation of blood in the central canal of the 
spinal cord. 

hematomyelitis (hem-at-o-mi-el-i'-tis) [hemato-; my- 
elitis]. An acute myelitis attended with an effusion 
of blood into the spinal cord. 

hematomyelopore (hem-at-o-mi' -el-o-por) [hemato-; 
AiueXos, marrow; iropos, pore]. A cavity in the 
substance of the myelon resulting from hemorrhage. 

hematoncus (hem-at-ong'-kus) [hemato-; oyicos, 
tumor]. Blood-tumor; hemangioma; hematoma. 

hematopathology (hem-at-o-path-ol'-o-je) [hemato-; 
pathology]. The science dealing with morbid states 
of the blood. 

hematopathy (hem-at-op' -ath-e) [hemato-; irados, 
disease]. Any disease of the blood. 

hematopedesis (hem-at-o-ped-e'-sis) [hemato-; irr)5-n- 
cis, a leaping]. Cutaneous hemorrhage; hemati- 
drosis. 

hematopericardium (hem-at-o-per-ik-ar'-de-um) 

[hemato-; pericardium]. An effusion of blood into 
the pericardium. 

hematopexin (hem-at-o-peks'-in). See hemopexin. 

hematopexis (hem-at-o-pek'-sis). Coagulation of 
the blood. 

hematophagous (hem-at-of'-ag-us) [hemato-; <j>ayelv, 
to eat]. Feeding on blood; blood-sucking. 

hematophilia (hem-at-o-fil'-e-ah). See hemophilia. 

hematophobia (hem-at-o-fo'-be-ah) [hemato-; 06/Sos, 
fear]. Morbid dread of the sight of blood. 

hematophore (hem'-at-o-for) [hemato-; 4>kpeiv, to 
bear]. An instrument used in the transfusion of 
blood. 

hematophthalmia (hem-at-off -thai' -me-ah). See 
hemophthalmia. 

hematophyte (hem'-at-o-flt) [hemato-; <pvrbv, a 
plant]. A vegetable organism, such as a bacterium, 
living in the blood. 

hematopinax (hem-at-op' -in-aks) [hemato-; irLva.%, 
tablet: pi., hematopinaces]. A blood-plaque. 

hematopisis (hem-at-op' -is-is) [hemato-; irveiv, 
to drink], i. The drinking of blood. 2. A morbid 
collection of blood in any cavity of the body. 

hematoplanesis (hem-ai-o-plan-e' -sis) [hemato-; 
TrXavrjaLs, wandering]. See hematoplania. 

hematoplania (hem-at-o-pla' -ne-ah) [hemato-; ir\6.vq, 
a wandering]. Vicarious or aberrant course or flow 
of the blood. 

hematoplasma (hem-at-o-plaz'-mah) [hemato-; 
plasma]. The plasma of the blood. 

hematoplast (hem' -at-o-plast) . Same as hemato- 
blast. 

hematoplastic (hem-at-o-plas'-tik) [hemato-; irXaaTi- 
kos, plastic]. Blood-forming. 

hematoplethora (hem-at-o-pleth' -or-ah) . Synonym 
of plethora. 

hematopneumothorax (hem-at-o-nu-mo-thor'-aks) . 
See pneumothorax. 

hematopoiesis (hem-at-o-poi-e'-sis) [hemato- ; wolr)<jLs, 
a making]. The formation of blood. 

hematopoietic (hem-at-o-poi-et'-ik) [see hemato- 
poiesis]. Relating to the processes of blood-making. 
h. organs, blood-making organs. 

hematoporia (hem-at-o-por'-e-ah) [hemato-; airopia, 
defect]. Deficiency of blood; anemia. 

hematoporphyrin (hem-at-o-por' -fir-in) [hemato- ; 
irop<j>vpa, purple], C68H74N8O12. Iron-free hematin, a 
decomposition-product of hemoglobin occurring in 
the urine in conditions associated with destruction of 
red corpuscles. It is produced by dissolving hematin 
in concentrated sulphuric acid, h., test for. See 
Garrod. 

hematoporphyrinuria (hem-at-o-por -fir -in-u' '-re-ah) 
[hematoporphyrin; ovpov, urine]. The presence of 
hematoporphyrin in the urine. 

hematoporphyroidin (hem-at-o-por -fir -oid' -in) [hem- 
ato-; Tr6p<t>vpos, purple]. A substance similar in 
origin and character to hematoporphyrin, but less 
soluble. Like hematoporphyrin, it is sometimes 
found in the urine. 

hematoposia (hem-at-o-po' -ze-ah) [hemato-; ircxns, 
a drinking]. The drinking of blood. 

hematopostema (hem-at-o-pos' -tem-ah) [hemato- ; 
6.ir6aTT)p.a, abscess]. An abscess containing an effusion 
of blood. 



hematopsia (hem-at-op' -se-ah) [hemato-; kip, eye]. 
An extravasation of blood in the subconjunctival 
tissues of the eye. 

hematorrhachis, hematorachis (hem-at-or' -ak-is) 
[hemato-; pdxis, spine]. Hemorrhage within the ver- 
tebral canal. 

hematorrhea (hem-at-or -e' -ah) [hemato-; pola, a 
flow]. A copious flow or discharge of blood. 

hematorrhosis (hem-at-or-o'-sis) [hemato-; 6pp6s, 
serum]. Separation of the serum of the blood. 

hematosac (hem'-at-o-sak) [hemato-; saccus, a bag]. 
A blood-cyst. 

hematosalpinx (hem-at-o-saV -pinks) [hemato-; aa\- 
7ri7£, a trumpet]. A collection of blood in a Fal- 
lopian tube. 

hematoscheocele (hem-at-os'-ke-o-sel) [hemato-; 
ocrxeov, scrotum; K17X17, tumor]. A hemorrhagic 
tumor or distention of the scrotum. 

hematoscope (hem' -at-o-skop) [hemato-; o-Koweiv, 
to view]. An instrument used in the spectroscopic 
examination of the blood, by means of which the 
thickness of the layer of blood can be regulated. 

hematoscopy (hem-at-os'-ko-pe) [see hematoscope]. 
Visual examination of the blood; examination of the 
blood by means of the hematoscope. 

hematose (hem'-at-os) [hemato-]. Full of blood. 

hematosepsis (hem-at-o-sep'-sis) [hemato-; o-^iy, 
putrefaction]. Septicemia. 

hematosin (hem-af -o-sin) . See hematin. 

hematosis (hem-at-o'-sis) [alpa, blood]. 1. The 
process of the formation of blood and the develop- 
ment of blood-corpuscles. 2. The arterialization 
of the blood. 

hematospectroscope (hem-at-o-spek' -tro-skop) [hem- 
ato-; spectroscope]. A spectroscope adapted to the 
study of the blood. 

hematospectroscopy (hem-at-o-spek-tros'-ko-pe) 

[hemato-; spectrum, an image; o-Ko-welv, to view]. 
The use of the hematospectroscope. 

hematospermatocele (hem-at-o-sper-mat'-d-sel) 

[hemato-; spermatocele]. A spermatocele containing 
blood. 

hematospermia (hem-at-o-sper' -me-ah) [hemato-; 
airepua, seed]. The discharge of bloody semen. 

hematospongus (hem-at-o-spun'-gus) [hemato-; 
airoyyos, sponge]. Medullary sarcoma. 

hematostatic (hem-at-o-stat'-ik). See hemostatic. 

hematotherapy (hem-at-o-ther'-ap-e) [hemato-; ther- 
apy]. The treatment of disease by means of blood 
or some preparation of blood. 

hematothermal (hem-at-o-thur'-mal) [hemato-; 6kp- 
p.ri, heat]. Warm-blooded. 

hematothoracic (hem-at-o-thor-as'-ik). Relating 
to hematothorax. 

hematothorax (hem-at-o-tho'-raks). See hemothorax. 

hematotic (hem-at-ot'-ik). Relating to hematosis. 

hematotoxic (hem-at-o-toks'-ik) [hemato-; t6£ikov, 
a poison]. Pertaining to a poisoned or impure 
state of the blood. 

hematotympanum (hem-at-o-tim' -pan-um) [hemato-; 
rvp.-Ka.vov, drum]. Bloody exudation in the drum- 
cavity. 

hematoxic (hem-at-oks'-ik) [hemato-; to&kov, a 
poison]. The same as hematotoxic. 

hematoxin (hem-at-oks'-in) [hemato-; to^lkov, 
poison]. Any blood-poison or poisonous principle 
developed in the blood. 

hematoxylin (hem-at-oks'-il-in) [hemato-; %b\ov y 
wood], CieHuOe. The coloring-matter of logwood. 
It is a crystalline substance and is used as a stain in 
microscopy. 

hematoxylon (hem-at-oks' -il-on) [see hematoxylin]. 
Logwood. The hcematoxylon of the U. S. P. is the 
heart-wood of Hcematoxylon campechianum ; it con- 
tains tannic acid and a coloring principle, hematoxylin* 
and is a mild astringent, h., decoction of (decoctum 
hcematoxyli, B. P.). Dose 1-2 oz. (32-64 Cc). 
h., extract of (extr actum hcematoxyli, U. S. P.). 
Dose 5-20 gr. (0.32-1.3 Gm.). 

hematozemia (hem-at-o-ze' -me-ah) [hemato-; $np.la r 
a loss]. A gradual or periodic discharge of blood. 

hematozoic (hem-at-o-zo'-ik) [hemato-; £Caov, an 
animal]. Pertaining to a hematozoon. 

hematozoon (hem-at-o-zo'-on) [hemato-; f£op, 
animal; pi., hematozoa]. Any animal parasite in the 
blood. Haematozoon malariae, a hyaline ameboid 
body found in the blood of malarial patients. 

hematozymosis (hem-at-o-zi-mo'-sis) [hemato-; £6- 
poio-is, fermentation]. Fermentation of the blood. 



HEMATOZYMOTIC 



416 



HEMICEREBRUM 



hematozymotic (hem-at-o-zi-mot'-ik) [hemato-; t^nv, 
leaven]. Relating to a blood-ferment, or to fermen- 
tation in the blood of a living organism. 

hematropin {hem-at'-ro-pin). Phenylglycolyltro- 
pein ; a fluid preparation of hemoglobin. 

hematuresis (hem-at-u-re'-sis) [see hematuria]. 
The passage of bloody urine. 

hematuria (hem-at-u'-re-ah) [hemato-; ovpov, urine]. 
The discharge of urine containing blood. When only 
the coloring-matter of the blood is found in the urine, 
it is, termed hemoglobinuria or hematinuria. hema- 
turia aegyptica. See h., endemic, h., chylous, hema- 
tochyluria. h., endemic, a form occurring in tropical 
countries due to parasites peculiar to the particular 
locality, h., false, the discharge of red urine, due to 
the ingestion of food or drugs containing red pigments. 

hemautogram (hem-aw'-to-gram) [hemato-; avros, 
self; ypanna, a tracing]. The tracing made in hem- 
autography. 

hemautograph (Jtem-aw'-to-graf). Same as hem- 
autogram. 

hemautography (hem-aw-tog'-ra-fe) [alfia, blood; 
avrds, self; ypd<j>eiv, to write]. The tracing produced 
by a jet of blood from a divided artery caught upon 
paper drawn in front of it. 

hemelytrometra (hem-el-it-ro-me'-trah) [alfia, blood; 
eXvTpov, a sheath; firirpa, uterus]. An accumulation 
of blood in the uterus and vagina, h. lateralis, a 
collection of menstrual blood in the rudimentary 
half of a double vagina. 

hemendothelioma (hem-en-do-the-le-o'-mah) [alfia, 
blood; endothelioma]. An endothelioma caused by 
proliferation of the endothelium of the blood-vessels. 

hemeralopia (hem-er-al-o'-pe-ah) {fffikpa, day; &\j/, 
eye]. Day-vision or night-blindness; a symptom of 
pigmentary degeneration of the retina, failure of 
general nutrition, etc. Vision is good by day or in a 
strong light, but fails at night. See nyctalopia. 

hemeraphonia (hem-er-af-o'-ne-ah) [yfijkpa, day; &, 
priv. ; (jxavri, voice]. Loss of voice during the day, 
with return of the power of phonation at night. 

hemeropathia (hem-er-o-path'-e-ah) [vfikpa, day; 
vaBos, disease], i. Any disease lasting but one day. 
2. A disease that is more severe during the day. 

hemi- (hem'-e) fa/u-. half]. A prefix signifying half. 

hemiablepsia (hem-e-ab-lep'-se-ah) [hemi-; aPte^ia, 
blindness]. See hemianopsia. 

hemiacephalia (hem-e-ah-sef-a'-le-ah) [hemi-; d, 
priv.; Ke4>a\ij, head]. A monstrosity having a 
shapeless tumor representing the head, in which 
portions of the encephalon are contained. Syn., 
acephalia spuria; hypacephalia. 

hemiacephalus (hem-e-ah-sef-al-us) [hemi-; a, 
priv.; Ke<j>aXr], head]. A variety of omphalositic 
monsters of the species paracephalus. It is the 
lowest grade of development in paracephalus, closely 
approaching true acephalus. 

hemiachromatopsia (hem-e-ah-kro-mat-op'-se-ah) 
[hemi-; a, priv.; xpu>fia, color; 6\(/is, vision]. Color- 
blindness in one-half of the field of vision. 

hemiageusia (hem-e-ah-gu'-se-ah) [hemi-; a, priv.; 
yevcns, taste]. One-sided loss or diminution of the 
sense of taste. 

hemialbumin (hem-e-aV -bu-min) . See antialbumin. 

hemialbuminose Qiem-e-al-bu' -min-os) . The same 
as hemialbumose. ] 

hemialbumose (hem-e-al' -bu-mos) [hemi-; albumen, 
the white of egg]. The most characteristic and most 
frequently obtained by-product of proteid digestion. 
It is the forerunner of hemipeptone. 

hemialbumosuria (hem-e-al-bu-mos-u'-re-ah). The 
presence of hemialbumose in the urine; propep- 
tonuria. 

hemialgia (hem-e-al'-je-ah) [hemi-; a\yos, pain]. 
Unilateral neuralgia. 

hemiamaurosis (hem-e-am-aw-ro'-sis) [hemi-; am- 
aurosis]. A form of transitory blindness in which 
hemianopia is combined with amblyopia in the other 
half of the visual field. 

hemiamblyopia (hem-e-am-ble-o'-pe-ah). See hemi- 
anopsia. 

hemianalgesia (hem-e-an-al-je'-ze-ah) [hemi-; av, 
priv.; ahyo's, pain]. Insensibility to pain throughout 
one lateral half of the body and limbs. 

hemianasarca (hem-e-an-as-ar'-kah) [hemi-; Lvh, 
through; <xap£, flesh]. Edema of one-half of the 
body. 

hemianesthesia (hem-e-an-es-the'-ze-ah) [hemi-; 
avaiadtiaia, want of feeling]. Anesthesia of one 
lateral half of the body, h., alternate, that affecting 



one side of the head and the opposite side of the 
body, h., bulbar, that due to disease of the ob- 
longata, h., cerebral, that due to lesion in one of 
the cerebral hemispheres in the part of the capsula 
between the thalamus and dorsal part of the lenticula. 
h., crossed, i. That associated with motor paralysis 
of the opposite half of the body. 2. See h., alternate. 
h., functional, that due to functional causes rather 
than to cerebral or spinal lesion, h., hysterical, tactile 
and thermal hemianesthesia coming on gradually or 
suddenly and of variable duration in hysterical sub- 
jects, h., organic, that due to lesion in the central 
nervous system, h., saturnine, that due to lead- 
poisoning, h., Turck's, anesthesia affecting the 
functions of the posterior spinal roots of one side, at 
times also those of the nerves of special sense. It is 
caused by lesions of the posterior portion of the 
capsula and the contiguous region of the corona radi- 
ata. 

hemianopsia, hemianopia (hem-e-an-op'-se-ah, hem- 
e-an-o' -pe-ah) [hemi-; av, priv.; 8^-is, sight]. Blind- 
ness in one-half of the visual field. It may be 
bilateral (binocular) or unilateral (unilocular), h., 
binasal, blindness on the nasal side of the visual 
field, usually due to disease of the outer sides of 
the optic commissure, h., bitemporal, blindness on 
the temporal side of the visual field, due to disease of 
the central parts of the commissure, h., crossed, 
h., heteronymous, a general term for either binasal 
or bitemporal hemianopia. h., homonymous, the 
form affecting the inner half of one field and the outer 
half of the other, h., lateral, h. lateralis, a form in 
which the temporal half of one visual field and the 
nasal half of the other visual field are wanting; a 
vertical line through the center of vision sharply 
defining the defect, h., vertical. See h., lateral. 

hemianoptic (hem-e-an-op'-tik) [hemi-; av, priv.; 
6\pis, sight]. Affected with hemianopsia. 

hemianosmia (hem-e-an-oz' -me-ah) [hemi-; anos- 
mia]. Loss of smell in one nostril. 

hemiarthrosis (hem-e-ar -thro' -sis) [hemi-; apSpwan, 
a joining]. A false synchondrosis. 

hemiasynergia (hem-e-as-in-ur'-je-ah) [hemi-; a, 
priv.; vvv, with; epyov, work]. Asynergia affecting 
only one side of the body. 

hemiataxia (hem-e-at-aks' -e-ah) [hemi-; a, priv.; 
ra^is, order]. Ataxia limited to one side of the 
body. 

hemiathetosis (hem-e-ath-et-o'-sis) [hemi-; aderos, 
without fixed position]. Athetosis of one side of the 
body. 

hemiatonia (hem-e-at-o'-ne-ah) [hemi- ; arovla, want 
of tone]. Diminution or loss of muscular or vital 
energy in one-half of the body. h. apoplectica, 
hemihypertonia postapoplectica. 

hemiatrophy (hem-e-at'-ro-fe) [hemi-; arpo<j>la, 
lack of nourishment]. Atrophy confined to one side 
of the body. 

hemiazygous (hem-e-az'-ig-us) [hemi-; a$vyos, 
unpaired]. Partially paired; imperfectly azygous. 
h. veins. See vein. 

hemibranchiate (hem-e-brang'-ke-at) [hemi-; fipay- 
xia, gills]. In biology, having an incomplete 
branchial apparatus. 

hemic (he'-mik) [alfia, blood]. Pertaining to or 
developed by the blood, h. calculus, a concretion 
of coagulated blood, h. murmur, a murmur due to 
anemia. 

hemicanities (hem-e-kan-ish'-e-ez) [hemi-; canities]. 
Canities on one side only. 

hemicardia (hem-e-kar'-de-ah) [hemi-; napUa, 
heart]. Half of a four-chambered heart. 

hemicatalepsy (hem-e-kat'-al-ep-se) [hemi-; cata- 
lepsy]. Catalepsy affecting only one lateral half of 
the subject. 

hemicellulose (hem-e-sel'-u-los) [hemi-; cellula, a 
little cell]. A term for all the carbohydrates in the 
cell-wall which are not colored blue by chlorzinc 
iodide. 

hemicentrum (hem-e-sen'-trum) [hemi-; centrum]. 
Either one of the two lateral elements of the centrum 
of a vertebra. 

hemicephalia (hem-e-sef-a'-le-ah). Synonym of 
hemicrania. 

hemicephalus (hem-e-sef'-a-lus) [hemi-; ice<t>a\r), 
head]. A monster in which the cerebral hemi- 
spheres and skull are lacking. 

hemicerebrum (hem-e-ser-e'-brum) [hemi-; cere- 
brum]. A cerebral hemisphere. 



HEMICHOREA 



417 



HEMIPLEGIA 



hemichorea (hem-e-ko-re'-ah) [hemi-; xopeia, 
chorea]. A form of chorea in which the convulsive 
movements are confined to one side of the body. 

hemichromanopsia (hem-e-kro-man-op'-se-ah). See 
hemiachromatopsia. 

hemichromosome (hem-e-kro'-mo-som) [hemi- ; 
chromosome]. The body formed by the longitudinal 
splitting of the chromosome. 

hemicollin (hem-e-kol'-in) [hemi-; KoXXa, glue], 
C47H70N14O19. A peptone-like substance derived from 
collagen. 

hemicrania (hem-e-kra'-ne-ah) [hemi-; Kpavlov, 
head]. 1. Neuralgia of one-half of the head; mi- 
graine. 2. Imperfect development or absence of 
the anterior or posterior part of the skull. 

hemicranic (hem-e-kra'-nik) [hemi-; Kpavlov, skull]. 
Pertaining to half the skull, h. equivalents, a name 
given to isolated symptoms — flitting scotomata, 
vomiting, vaso-motor disturbances, etc. — in cases of 
aborted migraine. 

hemicraniectomy (hem-e-kra-ne-ek'-to-me) [hemi-; 
craniectomy]. Doyen's operation of sectioning the 
cranial vault near the mesial line, from before back- 
ward, and pressing the entire side outward to expose 
one-half of the brain. 

hemicranin (hem-e-kra'-nin). A proprietary rem- 
edy for neuralgia said to consist of phenacetin, 5 
parts; caffeine, 1 part; citric acid, 1 part. Dose, 
5-15 gr. 

hemicraniosis (hem-e-kra-ne-o'-sis) [hemi-; Kpavlov, 
head]. Enlargement of one half of the cranium or 
face. 

hemicyclic (hem-e-si'-klik) [hemi-; k(jk\os, a 
circle]. In biology, having certain of the floral 
organs arranged in whorls, and others in a spiral. 

hemidesmus (hem-e-dez'-mus) [hemi-; 5e<rp.6s, a 
band]. Indian sarsaparilla. The dried root of H. 
indicus, imported from India. It is a tonic, altera- 
tive, diaphoretic, and diuretic, h., syr. (B. P.). 
Dose 3J- 

hemidiaphoresis Qiem-e-di-af-or-e'-sis) [hemi-; bia- 
<p6pr)<7is, sweating]. Sweating of one lateral half of 
the body. 

hemidrosis (Jtem-id-ro'-sis). See hematidrosis. 

hemidysesthesia Qiem-e-dis-es-the' -ze-ah) [hemi- ; 
Svs-, difficult; alad-qois, sensation]. Dysesthesia of 
a lateral half of the body. 

hemidystropbia (hem-e-dis-tro'-fe-ah) [hemi-; Svs, 
ill; rpoipri, nourishment]. The state of being imper- 
fectly nourished. 

hemiencephalon (hem-e-en-sef -al-on) [hemi-; iyicizp- 
aXos, brain]. Either lateral half of the brain. 

hemiencephalus (hem-e-en-sef -al-us) [hemi-; iyic&p- 
aXos, brain]. A monster without organs of sense, 
but haying otherwise a nearly normal brain. 

hemiepilepsy (hem-e-ep'-il-ep-se) [hemi-; £wt,\i}\[/la, 
epilepsy]. A form of epilepsy in which the con- 
vulsions are confined to one lateral half of the body. 

hemifacial (hem-e-fa'-shal). Pertaining to one 
lateral half of the face. 

hemifornix (hem-e-for'-niks) [hemi-; fornix, an 
arch, vault]. A name used to designate the irregular, 
elongated portion of either paracelian floor, com- 
posed of hippocamp, fimbria, and fornicolumn. 

hemiglossitis (hem-e-glos-i'-tis) [hemi-; yXuxro-a, 
tongue; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of one- 
half of the tongue. 

hemihidrosis (hem-e-hid-ro'-sis) [hemi-; i5po>s, 
sweat]. The same as hemidiaphoresis. 

hemihypalgesia (hem-e-hi-pal-je'-se-ah) [hemi- ; hyp- 
algesia]. Hypalgesia limited to one side of the 
body. 

hemihyperesthesia (hem-e-hi-per-es-the' -ze-ah) 

[hemi-; virep, over; atotfijo-is, sensation]. Hyper- 
esthesia confined to one lateral half of the body. 

hemihypertonia (hem-e-hi-per-to' -ne-ah) [hemi-; 
hypertonia]. Increased muscular tonicity confined 
to one-half of the body. h. postapoplectica, an 
intermittent tonic spasm distributed over one-half 
of the body, affecting at times different groups of 
muscles without loss of power in the muscles affected. 
It follows an apoplectic attack. 

hemihypertrophy (hem-e-hi-per'-tro-fe) [hemi-; hy- 
pertrophy]. Hypertrophy of half of the body. 

hemihypesthesia (hem-e-hi-pes-the' '-ze-ah) [hemi- ; 
inrb, under; alaBijats, perception]. Impairment of 
sensibility in one lateral half of the body. 

hemihypogeusia (hem-e-hi-po-gu'-se-ah). See hemi- 
ageusia. 
15 



hemihypothermia (hem-e-hi-po-ther'-me-ah) [hemi-; 
viro, under; deppy, heat]. Diminution of the tempera- 
ture limited to one side of the body. 

hemihypotonia (hem-e-hi-po-to' -ne-ah) [hemi-; faro, 
under; rbvos, tone]. Partial loss of tonicity of one 
side of the body. 

hemilateral (hem-e-lat'-er-al). Pertaining to one 
lateral half. 

hemilethargy (hem-e-leth'-ar-je) [hemi-; lethargy]. 
A state of partial lethargy. 

hemilingual (hem-e-ling'-wal) [hemi-; lingua, 
tongue]. Pertaining to one lateral half of the 
tongue. 

hemilytic (hem-e-lit'-ik) [hemi- ; Xwns, a loosening]. 
Relating to a condition of retarded change. 

hemimelus (hem-im'-el-us) [hemi-; nk\os, a limb], 
A monster with incomplete or stunted extremities. 

hemimetaboly (hem-e-met-ab'-o-le) [hemi-; fiera- 
0o\ri, transformation]. In biology, incomplete or 
imperfect metamorphosis; hemimetamorphosis. 

hernimetarnorphosis (hem-e-met-am-or'-fo-sis) 

[hemi-; p.eTaii6p<pwo-t.s, transformation]. In biology, 
incomplete metamorphosis; hemimetaboly. 

hemimyasthenia (hem-e-mi-as-the'-ne-ah) [hemi-; 
fivs, muscle; ao-Oeveia, weakness]. Myasthenia of 
one lateral half of the body. 

hemimyoclonus (hem-e-mi-ok'-lo-nus) [hemi-; ftvs, 
muscle; k\6vos, commotion]. Clonic spasm of the 
muscles of one lateral half of the body. 

hemin (hem'-in) [alfia, blood], C32H 3 oN4Fe03 . HC1. 
Crystalline hematin chloride, of which Teichmann's 
crystals, doubly refractive crystals derived from 
blood by heating a drop of blood on a glass slide with 
a little glacial acetic acid, are composed, h., test for. 
See Teichmann. 

hemineurasthenia (hem-e-nii-ras-the' -ne-ah) [hemi- ; 
vevpov, a nerve; aadeveia, weakness]. Neurasthenia 
affecting one lateral half of the body. 

hemiopalgia (hem-e-op-al'-je-ah) [hemi-; &$, eye; 
0X70S, pain]. Hemicrania with pain in one eye. 

hemiopia (hem-e-o'-pe-ah) . See hemianopsia. 

hemiopic (hem-e-o'-pik). Pertaining to hemi- 
anopsia, h. pupillary reaction, Wernicke's reaction. 

hemipagus (hem-ip' -ag-us) [hemi-; -n-nyvvvai, to 
unite]. A monomphalic monstrosity united at the 
thorax, and with a common mouth. 

hemiparaanesthesia (hem-e-par-ah-an-es-the' -ze-ah) 
[hemi-; paraanesthesia]. Paraanesthesia limited to 
one side of the body and due to destructive lesion 
of the lateral half of the spinal cord. 

hemiparaplegia (hem-e-par-ap-le'-je-ah) [hemi- ; 
vapair\j)yia, paralysis of the limbs]. Paralysis of a 
lower limb on one side only. 

hemiparesis (hem-e-par'-es-is) [hemi-; irapeo-n, 
impairment of strength]. Paresis of one side of the 
body. 

hemiparesthesia (Jiem-e-par-es-the' -ze-ah) [hemi-; 
irapa, beside; aiadtiais, sensation]. Numbness or 
paresthesia of one lateral half of the body. 

hemiparetic (hem-e-par-et'-ik) [hemi-; ir&peais, 
impairment of strength]. Affected with hemiparesis. 

hemipeptone (Jtem-e-pep'-ton). See peptone. 

hemiphalacrosis (hem-e-fal-ak-ro'-sis) [hemi-; <j>a\- 
aKpaxris, baldness]. Baldness affecting one lateral 
half of the head. 

hemiphonia (hem-e-fo'-ne-ah) [hemi-; ^wvri,^ voice]. 
Speech having the characteristics of half-voice, half 
whisper; used by patients in great weakness and 
exhaustion. 

hemiplectic (hem-e-plek'-lik). Same as hemiplegic. 

hemiplegia (hem-e-ple'-je-ah) [hemi-; irXriyq, stroke]. 
Paralysis of one side of the body, due usually to a 
lesion in the internal capsule or corpus striatum, 
but at times caused by an extensive lesion of the 
cortex, or a lesion of the crus, pons, medulla, or 
upper part of the spinal cord. If in the brain, the 
lesion is on the side opposite to the paralysis, h., 
alternate, paralysis of the facial muscles upon one 
side, with paralysis of the trunk and extremities 
upon the opposite side of the body, h., bilateral 
spastic. See paraplegia, infantile spasmodic, h., 
cerebral, the ordinary form first described, h., 
choreic, that followed by chorea, especially in 
young adults, h., crossed. Same as h., alternate. 
h., facial, motor paralysis of one side of the face 
h., homolateral, uncrossed hemiplegia, h., spastic, 
a form occurring in infants, in which the affected 
extremities are spastically contracted, h., spinal. 
See Brown-S equard' s paralysis. 



HEMIPLEGIAC 



418 



HEMOGLOBINOMETER 



hemiplegiac (jhem-e-ple'-je-ak). An individual 
affected with hemiplegia. 

hemiplegic (hem-e-plej'-ik). Relating to or affected 
with hemiplegia; hemiplectic. 

hemiprosoplegia (hem-e-pro-so-ple'-je-ah) [hemi-; 
■jrpopuTrov, face; itXtjy^, stroke]. Paralysis of one 
side of the face. 

hemiprotein (hem-e-pro'-te-in). Same as antial- 
bumin.^ 

hemirheumatism (hem-e-ru'-mat-izm) [hemi- ; 

rheumatism]. Rheumatism confined to one lateral 
half of the body. 

hemisection (hem-e-sek'-shun) [hemi-; sectio, a 
cutting]. Bisection; chiefly applied to division into 
two lateral halves. See medi section. 

hemiseptum (Jtem-e-sep'-tum) [hemi-; septum, a 
partition]. The lateral half of a septum, as of the 
heart; the lateral half of the septum lucidum. 

hemisine (hem'-e-sin). Trade name of an active 
principle of suprarenal gland. 

hemisomus (hem-e-so'-mus) [hemi-; o-w/xa, body]. 
A monster with one side of the body imperfectly 
developed. 

hemispasm (hem'-e-spazm) [hemi-; <nra<r(i6s, a 
spasm]. A spasm affecting only one side of the 
body. 

hemisphere (hem'-is-fer) [hemi-; a<palpa, a sphere]. 
Half a sphere, h., cerebellar, either lateral half of 
the cerebellum, h., cerebral, either lateral half of 
the cerebrum. 

hemisystole (hem-e-sis'-to-le) [hemi-; avaroKri, a 
contraction]. A peculiar kind of irregular action of 
the heart-muscle, in which, with every two beats of 
the heart, only one beat of the pulse is felt. 

hemiterata (hem-e-ter'-at-ah) [hemi-; repas, a 
monster]. A class of malformations not grave 
enough to be called monstrous. 

hemiteratic (hem-e-ter-at'-ik). Pertaining to hemi- 
terata. 

hemithennoanesthesia (hem-e-ther-mo-an-es-the'-ze- 
ah) [hemi-; Qkpntj, heat; anesthesia]. Insensibility 
to heat and cold limited to one side of the body. 

hemitis (hem-i'-tis) [hemi-; ins, inflammation]. 
A condition of the blood associated with inflamma- 
tion. 

hemitomias (hem-e-to'-me-as) [hemi-; touIos, one 
who has been castrated]. A man who has been 
deprived of one testis. 

hemitonia (hem-e-to'-ne-ah) [hemi-; rbvos, tension]. 
One-sided tonic muscle-contraction in brain disease. 

hemitoxin (hem-e-toks'-in) [hemi-; toxin]. A toxin 
deprived of half of its original toxicity. 

hemlock (hem'-lok). i. See conium. 2. A tree of 
the genus Tsuga. 

nemo-, haemo- (hem-o-) [alfia, blood]. A prefix 
signifying of or pertaining to the blood. 

hemoagglutination (hem-o-ag-glu-tin-a'-shun). The 
clumping of red blood-corpuscles. Cf. hemato- 
agglutinin. 

hemoalkalimeter (hem-o-al-kal-im'-et-er) [hemo- ; 
alkaline; ukrpov, measure]. An apparatus for 
estimating the degree of alkalinity of the blood. 

hemobilinuria (hem-o-bil-in-u'-re-ah) [hemo-; bilis, 
bile; oipov, urine]. The presence of urobilin in the 
blood. 

hemoblast (hem'-o-blast). See hematoblast. 

hemocatatonistic (hem-o-kat-at-on-is'-tik) [hemo- ; 
Kara, down; tovos, tension]. Tending to diminish 
the cohesion between the hemoglobin and the red 
blood-corpuscles. 

hemocelom (hem-o-se'-lom) [hemo-; noiXia, a 
cavity]. A blood-cyst. 

hemochromatosis (hem-o-kro-mat-o'-sis) [hemo- ; 
xpuna, color]. Discoloration of the tissues, par- 
ticularly the skin, by deposition of a pigment from 
the blood. 

hemochromogen (hem-o-kro'-mo-jen) [hemo-; xpwjua, 
color; yewav, to produce]. i. Hemoglobin. 2. A 
hypothetic substance formed by the decomposition 
of hemoglobin with acids or alkalies in the absence 
of oxygen. 

hemochromometer (hem-o-kro-mom'-et-er) [hemo- ; 
XP&fJ-a., color; ixkrpov, measure]. Colorimeter; an 
instrument for estimating the amount of oxyhemo- 
globin in the blood, by comparing a solution of the 
blood with a standard solution of picrocarminate of 
ammonium. 

hemoclasis (hem-ok' -las-is) [hemo-; icXcuns, de- 
struction]. Hemolysis; destruction of the erythro- 
cytes. 



hemoclastic (hem-o-klas'-lik). Hemolytic. 

hemococcidium (hem-o-koks-id'-e-um). Same as 
Plasmodium. 

hemoconia. See hemokonia. 

hemocryoscopy (hem-o-kri-os'-ko-pe). Cryoscopy 
applied to blood. See cryoscopy. 

hemocrystallin (hem-o-kris'-tal-in). See hemoglobin. 

hemocyanin (hem-o-si'-an-in) [hemo-; nvavos* 
blue]. A coloring-matter found in the blood of 
certain invertebrates. It contains copper, and 
gives to the blood a blue color. 

hemocyte (Jhem'-o-slt). A blood-corpuscle. 

hemocytolysis (hem-o-si-tol'-is-is) [hemo-; kvtos, a 
cell; \vtiv, to unloose]. The dissolution of blood- 
corpuscles. 

hemocytometer (hem-o-si-tom'-et-er) [hemo-; kvtos, 
a cell; ukrpov, a measure]. An instrument for esti- 
mating the number of corpuscles in the blood. 

hemocytotripsis (hem-o-si-to-trip'-sis) [hemo-; kvtos, 
a cell; rpLfciv, to rub]. The breaking up of blood- 
corpuscles under strong pressure. 

hemocytozoon (hem-o-si-to-zo'-on) [hemo-; kvtos, a 
cell; Zibov, an animal]. The Plasmodium of malaria. 

hemodia {hem-o' -de-ah) [al f jLudteii>, to set the teeth 
on edge]. Excessive sensibility of the teeth; the 
"setting the teeth on edge." 

hemodiagnosis (hem-o-di-ag-no'-sis) [hemo-; diag- 
nosis]. Diagnosis by examination of the blood. 

hemodiapedesis (hem-o-di-ap-ed-e'-sis) [hemo-; 
8iairr)57i<ns, an oozing through]. The transudation 
of blood through the skin. 

hemodiarrhea Qiem-o-di-ar-e'-ah). Dysentery. 

hemodiastase (hem-o-di' -as-taz) [hemo-; Siaareuris, 
separation]. The amylolytic enzyme of the blood. 

hemodromograph (hem-o-dro'-mo-graf). See hema- 
dromograph. 

hemodromometer (hem-o-dro-mom'-et-er). See 

hemadromometer. 

hemodynamics (hem-o-di-nam'-iks). See hemo- 
dynamics. 

hemodynamometer (hem-o-di-nam-om'-et-er). See 
hemadynamometer. 

hemof errogen (hem-o-fer'-o-jen) . A dry preparation 
of blood proposed as a remedy in anemic conditions. 

hemof errum (hem-o-fer'-um). 1. See oxyhemoglobin. 
2. The iron in the hemoglobin. 

hemof uscin (hem-o-fus'-in) [hemo-; fuscus, dark]. 
The yellowish-brown, iron-free pigment found in 
hemochromatosis. 

hemogallol (hem-o-gal'-ol) [hemo-; galla, gallnut], 
A proprietary substance occurring as a brownish-red 
powder, and formed by oxidizing the hemoglobin of 
the blood by pyrogallol. It is used in anemia in 
doses of gr. jss-vijss. 

hemogastric (hem-o-gas'-trik) [hemo-; yaarrip, 
stomach]. Pertaining to blood in the stomach. 

hemogenesis {hem-o-jen'-es-is). See hematogenesis. 

hemogenic {hem-o- j en' -ik). See hematogenic. 

hemoglobic (hem-o-glo'-bik). Applied to cells con- 
taining or generating -hemoglobin. 

hemoglobin (hem-o-glo'-bin) [hemo-; globus, a 
ball]. The coloring-matter of the red corpuscles. 
It is an exceedingly complex body, containing iron; 
it crystallizes in rhombic plates or prisms, and is 
composed of hemalin and a proteid substance, called 
globulin. It has a strong affinity for oxygen, and 
the greater part of the oxygen in the blood is in 
combination with it as oxyhemoglobin. When it 
gives up the oxygen to the tissues it becomes reduced 
hemoglobin. It is used in treatment of anemia in 
daily doses of 75-150 gr. (5-10 Gm.). Syn., purple 
cruorin. h., tests for. See Robert, Tallqvist. 

hemoglobinemia (hem-o-glo-bin-e'-me-ah) [hemo- * 
globin; alfxa, blood]. A condition in which the 
hemoglobin is dissolved out of the red corpuscles, 
probably as the result of the destruction of the 
latter, and is held in solution in the serum. The 
blood is "lake" colored. It occurs in some infectious 
diseases and after injecting certain substances into 
the blood. 

hemoglobiniferous (hem-o-glo-bin-if'-er-us) [hemo- 
globin; ferre, to bear]. Yielding or carrying hemo- 
globin. 

hemoglobinocholia (hem-o-glo-bin-o-ko'-le-ah) [hemo- 
globin; xoX^. bile]. The presence of hemoglobin in 
the bile. 

hemoglobinometer {hem-o-glo-bin-om'-et-er) [hemo- 
globin; ukrpov, a measure]. An instrument for the 
quantitative estimation of hemoglobin in the blood, 
h., Dare's, an instrument consisting of a pipet and 



HEMOGLOBINORRHEA 



419 



HEMOPTYSIS 



two glass plates by means of which the undiluted 
blood is arranged into a stratum of exact thickness. 
It is illuminated by direct candle-light, and compared 
with a glass color-scale which is shifted by means of 
an adjusting wheel. The percentage of hemoglobin 
is shown by an indicator, h., Fleischl's, in this a 
certain dilution of the blood is made, and its color 
then compared with that of different thicknesses of a 
sliding wedge of red glass, h., Gowers', in this the 
calculation is made by measuring the amount of 
dilution necessary to make the blood of the same 
shade as a standard solution of carmine in gelatin. 

hemoglobinorrhea {hem-o-glo-bin-or-e'-ah) [hemo- 
globin; poia, a flow]. The escape of hemoglobin 
from the blood-vessels, haemoglobinorrhoea cutis, 
an effusion of hemoglobin into the skin, due to 
venous engorgement. 

hemoglobinuria (hem-o-glo-bin-u'-re-ah) [hemoglo- 
bin; olpov, urine]. The presence of hemoglobin in 
the urine, due either to its solution out of the red 
corpuscles or to disintegration of the red corpuscles. 
h., epidemic, hemoglobinuria of the new-born associ- 
ated with jaundice, cyanosis, and nervous symptoms. 
Syn., Winckel's disease, h., intermittent, h., par- 
oxysmal, a form characterized by recurring periodic 
attacks. It is related to cold, and is also closely 
associated with Raynaud's disease, h., toxic, that 
form occurring in consequence of poisoning by various 
substances. 

hemoglobulin (hem-o-glob' '-il-lin) [hemo-; globus, 
a ball]. Same as hemoglobin. 

Hemogregarina (hem-o-greg-ar-i'-nah) [hemo- ; Greg- 
arina, a genus of Protozoa]. Gregarine-like bodies 
found in the blood of persons affected with malaria. 

hemohydronephrosis (hem -o-hi- dro -nef-ro'- sis) 
[hemo-; vSup, water; ve<f>p6s, kidney]. A cystic 
tumor of the kidney with blood and urine in the 
contents. 

hemoid (hem-oid') [hem-; elSos, likeness]. Have 
the appearance of, or resembling, blood. 

hemokelidosis (hem-o-kel-id-o'-sis) [hemo-; kti\l8ovv, 
to stain]. Contamination of the blood; purpura. 

hemokonia (hem-o-ko'-ne-ah) [hemo-; novia, dust]. 
Minute, colorless, highly refractive, spheroidal or 
dumb-bell-shaped bodies constantly present in normal 
and pathological blood. They are not more than i n 
in diameter, and possess active, limited molecular 
motility, but not true ameboid motion. Syn., blood- 
dust; blood-motes. 

hemol (hem'-oT) [alpa, blood]. A dark-brown 
powder obtained by the action of zinc upon de- 
fibrinated blood, and said to contain i % of soluble 
iron. Dose in anemia if-6 gr. (0.1-0.5 Gm.). 

hemoleukocyte (hem-o-loo'-ko-sit). A white blood- 
corpuscle. 

hemolipase (hem-o-li'-pas). A fat-splitting fer- 
ment found in the blood. 

hemology (hem-ol'-o-je) [hemo-; \6yos, science]. 
The science treating of the blood. 

hemolutein (hem-o-loo' -te-in) [hemo-; luteus, yel- 
low]. A yellow coloring-matter obtained from 
corpora lutea. 

hemolymph {hem'-o-limf) [hemo-; lympha, clear 
water]. 1. Blood and lymph. 2. The circulating 
nutritive fluid of certain invertebrates, h. glands, 
a variety of glands which are a kind of cross between 
the hemogenic glands (e. g. the spleen) and the 
lymphatic glands. The small prevertebral glands 
are examples. 

hemolysin (hem-ol'-is-in) [hemo-; \v<ns, solution]. 
A substance produced in the body of one species of 
animal by the introduction of red blood-corpuscles 
derived from the body of another species. It is 
capable of dissolving the red blood-corpuscles of the 
animal species from which the blood was obtained. 
Syn., erythrolysin. h., bacterial, that formed by 
the action of bacteria. 

hemolysis (hem-ol'-is-is). See hematolysis. 

hemolytic (hem-ol-it'-ik). An agent causing 
destruction of the red blood-corpuscles, h. serum, 
a serum which causes hemolysis. 

hemolyze (hem'-ol-iz). To produce hemolysis. 

hemomanometer (hem-o-man-om' -et-er) [hemo- ; 
lj.avos, thin; p.krpov, a measure]. A manometer used 
in estimating blood-pressure. 

hemomediastinum (hem-o-me-de-as-ti'-num) . See 
hematomediastinum. 

hemomere (hem'-o-mer) [hemo-; y.kpo%, a part]. 
A portion of a metamere derived from the vascular 
system or taking part in its formation. 



hemometer (hem-om'-et-er) . See hemoglobinometer. 

hemometra (hem-o-me'-trah). See hematometra. 

hemometrectasia (hem-o-met-rek-ta'-ze-ah) [hemo-; 
tx-qrpa, uterus; ^crowns, a stretching]. Dilatation of 
the uterus from effusion of blood into its cavity. 

hemometry (hem-om'-et-re) [hemo-; fi'erpov, a 
measure]. Estimation of the amount of hemoglobin 
or of the number of corpuscles in the blood. Normal 
Count: Erythrocytes (red corpuscles), 5,000,000; 
leukocytes (white corpuscles), 6000 to 8000; hemo- 
globin, 100 %. Differential Count of Leuckoytes: 
Polymorphonuclears, 62 to 70 %; small lympho- 
cytes, 20 to 30%; large lymphocytes, 4 to 8%; 
transitionals, 1 to 2%; eosinophiles, 0.5 to 4 %; 
mast-cells, 0.25 to 0.5 %. 

hemonervine (hem-o-nur'-ven). A proprietary 
tonic said to consist of calcium phosphoglycerate, 
hemoglobin, iron, and strychnine. 

hemoophoritis (hem-o-off-or-i'-tis) [hem-; oophori- 
tis]. Oophoritis with hemorrhage. 

hemopathology (hem-o-path-ol'-o-je) [hemo-; path- 
ology]. The pathology of the blood. 

hemopericardium (hem-o-per-ik-ar'-de-um) [hemo-; 
pericardium]. An effusion of blood into the peri- 
cardial cavity. 

hemoperitoneum (hem-o-per-it-on-e'-um). A bloody 
effusion into the peritoneal cavity. 

hemopexia (hem-o-peks'-e-ah) [hemo-; irrjl-is, a 
fixing]. A general name for diseases characterized 
by a tendency of the blood to coagulate. 

hemopexin (hem-o-peks'-in). A ferment capable 
of coagulating blood. 

hemophagic (hem-o-faj'-ik) [hemo-; <f>ayelv, to 
eat]. Feeding upon blood; applied to certain animal 
parasites. 

hemophagocyte (hem-o-fag'-o-slt) [hemo-; <payelv,to 
eat; kvtos, a cell]. Any phagocyte of the blood; a 
white blood corpuscle. 

hemophilia (hem-o-fil' -e-ah) [hemo-; <t>i\elv, to 
love]. Bleeder's disease, an abnormal tendency to 
hemorrhage. It is usually hereditary, and though 
it is most common in males, the hereditary influence 
is transmitted through the mother. 

hemophiliac (hem-o-fil' -e-ak) [see hemophilia]. 
One who is affected with hemophilia. 

hemophobia. See hematophobia. 

hemophotograph (hem-o-fo'-to-graf) [hemo-; photo- 
graph]. A photograph of blood-corpuscles; it is 
used in determining the hemoglobin content. Syn., 
hemaphotograph. 

hemophthalmia (hem-of-thal'-me-ah) [hemo-; 6<j>- 
6a\nbs, eye]. A hemorrhage into the interior of the 
eye. 

hemophthalmos (hem-off-thai' -mos) [hemo-; 6<pda\- 
fios, the eye]. Blood in the vitreous chamber 
characterized by a reddish reflex from the pupil. 

hemophthisis (hem-off-thi'-sis) [hemo-; <pOLois, 
wasting]. Anemia dependent upon undue degener- 
ation of the red blood-corpuscles. 

hemophysallis (hem-o-fis-al'-is) [hemo-; (pwaWLs, 
a bladder]. A pustule or vesicle filled with blood. 

hemoplanesis, hemoplania (hem-o-plan-e'-sis, hem- 
o-pla' -ne-ah) . See hematoplania. 

hemoplasmodium (hem-o-plaz-mo'-de-um) [hemo- ; 
Plasmodium]. The Plasmodium of malaria. 

hemoplastic (hem-o-plas'-tik) [hemo-; v\daativ, 
to form]. Same as hematoplastic. 

hemopneumothorax (hem-o-nu-mo-tho'-raks) [hemo-; 
irveuna, air; flwpdl, the chest]. A collection of air 
and blood within the pleural cavity. 

hemopoiesis (hem-o-poi-e'-sis). See hematopoiesis. 

hemoprecipitin (hem-o-pre-sip'-it-in). See precipitin. 

hemoproctia (hem-o-prok'-te-ah) [hemo-; irpuKros, 
the anus]. Rectal hemorrhage. Bloody discharge 
from hemorrhoids. 

Hemoproteus (hem-o-pro'-te-us). A protozoan para- 
site of malaria found in the blood-corpuscles of birds. 

hemopsonin (hem-op' -son-in). A substance which 
is opsonic for red blood corpuscles. 

hemoptic, hemoptoic (hem-op'-tik, hem-op -to' -ik). 
Relating to or attended by hemoptysis. 

Hemoptyic, hemoptysic (hem-op' -te-ik, hem-op'-tis- 
ik). See hemoptic. 

hemoptysis (hem-op' -tis-is) [hemo-; wrvea', to 
spit]. The spitting of blood from the larynx, trachea, 
bronchi, or lungs, h., parasitic, a disease due to the 
fluke, Paragonimus Westermanii, which lodges in the 
lungs, and exceptionally in other organs. The diag- 
nosis is made by finding the characteristic ova in 
the sputum. 



HEMOQUINONE 



420 



HENLE'S AMPULLA 



hemoquinine (hem-o-kwin-en'). Trade name of a 
preparation said to contain iron, quinine, manganese 
and arsenic. 

hemorrhage Qiem'-or-aj) [hemo-; ptiyvbvai, to 
burst forth]. An escape of blood from the vessels, 
either by diapedesis through intact walls or by 
rhexis through ruptured walls, h., accidental, hemor- 
rhage during pregnancy from premature detachment 
of the placenta when normally situated, h., capil- 
lary, oozing of blood from the capillaries, h., con- 
cealed, a variety of accidental hemorrhage in which 
the bleeding takes place between the ovum and the 
uterine walls, without escape from the genital tract. 
h., consecutive, one ensuing some time after injury. 
h., critical, occurring at the turning-point of a 
disease, h., petechial, hemorrhage under the surface 
in the form of minute points, h., postpartum, hemor- 
rhage occurring shortly after labor, h., primary, 
that immediately following any traumatism, h., 
secondary, that occurring some time after the 
traumatism, h., unavoidable, hemorrhage from 
detachment of a placenta prsevia. h., vicarious, a 
discharge of blood from a part owing to the sup- 
pression of a flow in another part, as vicarious men- 
struation. 

hemorrhagic (Jiem-or-aj'-ik) [hemorrhage]. Relating 
to or accompanied by hemorrhage, h. diathesis. 
See hemophilia, h. infarct. See infarct, hemorrhagic. 

hemorrhagif erous (hem-or-aj-if-er-us) [hemorrhage ; 
ferre, to bear]. Attended by hemorrhage; giving 
rise to hemorrhage. 

hemorrhagin, haemorrhagin (hem-or-aj'-in). Flex- 
ner's name for endotheliolysin, since it causes extra- 
vasations of blood through its direct solvent action 
upon capillary endothelium. 

hemorrhagiparous (hem-or-aj-ip'-ar-us). See hem- 
orrhagif erous. 

hemorrhaphilia (hem-or-af-il'-e-ah) [hemorrhage; 
4>l~Kos, loving]. Synonym of hemophilia. 

hemorrhea Qiem-or-e'-ah) [hemo-; frola, a flow], 
A hemorrhage. 

hemorrhelcosis (hem-or-el-ko'-sis) [aip.oppol's, a 
hemorrhoid; eXxwo-ts, ulceration]. The formation of 
an ulcer upon a hemorrhoid. 

hemorrhinia (hem-or-in'-e-ah) [hemo-; fits, nose]. 
Epistaxis; nose-bleed. 

hemorrhoid {hem'-or-oid) [alfibppoos, flowing with 
blood]. A pile. An enlarged and varicose condition 
of the veins of the lower portion of the rectum and 
the tissues about the anus, h., blind, one that does 
not cause bleeding, h.s, external, those situated 
without the sphincter ani. h.s, internal, those within 
the anal orifice. 

hemorrhoidal (hem-or-oi'-dal) [hemorrhoid], i. Per- 
taining to or affected with hemorrhoids. 2. Applied 
to blood-vessels, nerves, etc., belonging to the anus. 
h. veins, the three veins which form a plexus about 
the lower end of the rectum; through them the 
general venous system and the portal system com- 
municate. 

hemorrhoidectomy (hem-o-roi-dek'-to-me). Exci- 
sion of hemorrhoids. 

hemosalpinx (hem-o-saV -pinks). Same as hemato- 
salpinx. 

hemoscope (hem'-o-skop). Same as hematoscope. 

hemosiderin (hem-o-sid'-er-in) [hemo-; alSrjpos, 
iron]. A granular pigment, a product of the decom- 
position of hemoglobin. It is found where blood is 
extravasated in contact with active cells, and con- 
tains iron. 

hemosiderosis (hem-o-sid-er-o'-sis) [see hemo- 
siderin]. A form of hemochromatosis characterized 
by* the deposit of pigments containing iron in the 
tissues, especially those of the liver and spleen. 

hemosozic (hem-o-so'-zik) [hemo-; a&Zeiv, to save]. 
Preventing hemolysis; relating to a hemosozin. 

hemosozin (hem-o-so'-zin) [hemo-; <ru>$tiv, to save]. 
Antihemolysin; an antiserum which prevents hemoly- 
sis. 

hemospasia {hem-o-spa'-ze-ah) [hemo-; o-ir&eu', to 
draw]. The drawing of blood to a part, as by dry- 
cupping. 

hemospast (hem'-o-spast) [see hemospasia]. A 
device for drawing blood to a part. 

hemospastic (hem-o-spas'-tik) [hemo-; airaeiv, to 
draw]. Effecting or pertaining to hemospasia. 

hemospermatism. See hematospermia. 

Hemosporidium (hem-o-spo-rid'-e-um). Any species 
of sporozoa living in the blood, e. g., the Plasmodium 
malaria. 



hemostasia (hem-os r -las-in). Trade name of a 
preparation of suprarenal extract. 

hemostasis, hemostasia Qiem-os'-ta-sis, hem-o-sta'- 
se-ah) [hemo-; arkavi, a standing], i. Stagnation of 
the blood-current. 2. Arrest of a flow of blood. 

hemostat (hem'-o-stat) [see hemostasia]. 1. Hemo- 
static forceps. 2. A proprietary external remedy 
for nosebleed said to consist of tannin, quinine 
sulphate, and benzoated fat. 

hemostatic (hem-o-stat'-ik). 1. Arresting hemor- 
rhage. 2. An agent or remedy that arrests hemor- 
rhage, h. forceps. See forceps, hemostatic, h., 
Martin's. See Martin's hemostatic, h., Pavesi's, 
a mixture of collodion, 100 parts; phenol, 10 parts; 
pure tannin, 5 parts; benzoic acid, 3 parts. Syn., 
Pavesi's styptic collodion. 

hemostatics (Jiem-o-stat'-iks). See hemastatics. 

hemostatin (hem-o-stat' -in) . An extract from the 
thymus of calves, containing sodium hydroxide and 
calcium chloride. 

hemosterol (hem-os'-ter-ol). A therapeutic com- 
pound from blood of animals. 

hemotachometer Qiem-o-tak-om'-et-er) [hemo-; t&- 
xos, swiftness; ukrpov, a measure]. An instrument 
for measuring the rate of flow of blood. 

hemotachometry (hem-o-tak-om'-et-re) [hemo-; rd- 
xos, swiftness; fierpov, measure]. The estimation 
of the rapidity of blood-circulation. 

hemotelangiosis, hsemotelangeiosis (hem-o-tel-an- 
je-o'-sis) [hemo-; tela, a web; iyyelov, a vessel]. 

1. Disease of the finest capillaries. 2. Telangeiec- 
tasis. 

hemothorax (hem-o-lho'-raks) [hemo-; 0d>pa£, the 
chest]. An accumulation of blood in a pleural 
cavity. 

hemotoxic (hem-o-toks'-ik). See hematoxic. h. 
sensitizer, Metchnikoff's name for the intermediary 
body. 

hemotoxin (hem-o-toks'-in) [hemo-; to£ik6v, a 
poison]. 1. A cytotoxin from defibrinated blood. 

2. A soluble substance secreted by bacteria and cap- 
able of destroying red blood corpuscles. And see 
leukocidin. 

hemotoxis (Jtem-o-toks'-is). Blood-poisoning. 

hemotropic (hem-o-trop'-ik) [hemo-; rpkireiv, to 
turn]. Applied to the haptophore by which the 
intermediary body combines with the corpuscle. 

hemp [ME.]. Cannabis saliva, the bast-fiber of 
which is used for textile purposes, h., Indian. 
See Cannabis indica. 

hemuresis (hem-u-re'-sis). Synonym of hematuria. 

henbane. See hyoscyamus. 

Henke's retrovisceral space (hen'-ker) [Philipp 
Jakob Wilhelm Henke, German anatomist, 1834- 
1896]. The prevertebral space of the thorax which 
is continuous with the cervical space and is filled 
with areolar and fatty tissue. H.'s triangle, or 
trigone, the inguinal triangle, formed by the lateral 
border of the rectus muscle and the descending por- 
tion of the inguinal fold. 

Henle's ampulla (hen'-le) [Friedrich Gustav Jakob 
Henle, German anatomist, 1809-1885]. 1. The 
fusiform dilatation of the vas deferens near its junction 
with the seminal vesicle. 2. The expanded outer 
half of the Fallopian tube. H. canal of, a portion 
of the uriniferous tubules. H.'s cells, large cells 
with granular protoplasm and one or more relatively 
small nuclei in the seminiferous tubules. H.'s 
fenestrated membrane, the subendothelial fibro- 
elastic layer of the tunica intima of an artery. H. 
fibrin of, a light flocculent precipitate which is separ- 
ated when semen is diluted with water. H.'s fissures, 
interstices filled with connective tissue between 
the muscular fibers of the myocardium. H.'s glands, 
tubular glands found in the palpebral conjunctiva. 
H.'s internal cremaster, the smooth muscular fibers, 
remains of the gubernaculum, surrounding the vas 
deferens and the vessels of the spermatic cord. H.'s 
ligament, the inner portion of the conjoined tendon 
which is chiefly attached to the sheath of the rectus 
muscle. H.'s loop, the U-shaped section of a uri- 
niferous tubule which is formed by a descending and 
an ascending loop-tube. H.'s membrane. See 
Bruch's layer. H.'s outer fibrous layer, the zone of 
cone-fibers at the margin of the fovea centralis. 
H.'s sheath. 1. The perineural sheath. 2. The 
cellular layer forming the outer portion of the inner 
root-sheath of the hair. H.'s sphincter, the striated 
muscular fibers which encircle the prostatic and 
membranous portions of the urethra. H.'s spine, 



HENNA 



421 



HEPATO 



suprameatal spine; an inconstant small spine at the 
junction of the posterior and superior walls of the 
external auditory meatus. It serves as a landmark 
in trephining the mastoid process. H.'s stratum 
nerveum. See Bruecke's tunica nervea. H.'s tube, 
looped portion of the uriniferous tube of the kid- 
neys. 

henna (hen f -ah) [Arab., Khanna, henna]. A cos- 
metic much used in the Orient; it is prepared from 
the leaves of Lawsonia alba, and is sometimes used 
externally and internally in leprosy and in skin- 



henocardia (hen-o-kar'-de-ah) [els, h>, one; KapUa, 
heart]. The condition of having but one auricle 
and one ventricle in the heart; it is normal in some 
of the lower animals. 

Henoch's purpura (hen'-oks) [Eduard Henoch, 
German pediatrist, 1820-1010]. A variety of pur- 
pura with gastrointestinal symptoms occurring chiefly 
in young subjects; also a rapidly fatal form of purpura 
(purpura fulminans). 

Henoch-Bergeron's disease. See Bergeron's 
disease. 

henogenesis (hen-o-jen'-es-is) [els, "&>, one; y weens, 
origin]. In biology, the developmental history of an 
individual organism; ontogenesis. 

henosis (hen-o'-sis) [evuais, uniting]. 1. Healing 
or uniting. 2. Symblepharon. 

henotic (hen-ot'-ik) [henosis]. Tending to heal or 
to promote union. 

henpuye (hen-poo' -ye) [West African]. See goun- 
dou. 

henry (hen'-re) [Joseph Henry, American physi- 
cist, 1797-1878]. The unit of electrical induction. 
An electromotive force of one volt is induced by a 
circuit with a variation of current at the rate of one 
ampere a second. 

Henry's law (hen'-re) [William Henry, English 
chemist, 1775-1836]. See Dalton's law. 

Hensen's canal (hen'-sen) [Victor Hensen, German 
physiologist, 1835- ]. The short vertical tube 
(1 mm. long and 0.5 mm. wide) connecting the blind 
extremity of the cochlear canal with the saccule. 
Syn., canalis reuniens. H.'s cells, columnar epi- 
thelial cells found in the organ of Corti. H.'s disc, 
H.'s stria, the colorless transverse band which 
divides a dark (anisotropic), sarcous element in the 
middle. H.'s node, in the embryo, an accumulation 
of cells at the anterior end of the primitive streak, 
through which the neurenteric canal passes from the 
outside into the blastodermic vesicle. 

Hensing's fold or ligament (hen'-sing) [Friedrich 
Wilhelm Hensing, German anatomist, 1719-1745], 
The superior ligament of the cecum. A more or 
less triangular fold of the peritoneum which is 
attached to the abdominal wall, from the lower 
extremity of the kidney to the iliac fossa, by its 
lower border, and to the posteroexternal aspect of 
the colon, at times also to the cecum, by its anterior 
or internal border. The apex is fixed in the lumbar 
fossa, the lower free border extending from the iliac 
fossa to the intestine. Syn., parietocolic fold. 

hepaptosis (hep-ap-to'-sis). See hepatoptosis. 

hepar (he' -par) [yirap, the liver]. 1. The liver. 
2. A substance having the color of liver, as hepar 
sulphuris. h. induratum, an affection differing 
from cirrhosis, occurring after long-continued fevers, 
frequently characterized by melanemic pigmentary 
deposits in or near the capillaries and hyperplasia of 
the interacinous connective tissue, h. lobatum, a 
liver having numerous lobes produced by deep 
fissures, as in syphilitic hepatitis, h. siccatum, the 
dried and powdered liver of swine freed from blood. 
Dose, in atrophic cirrhosis of liver, 300 gr. (20 Gm.) 
daily, h. sulphuris, potassium sulphide; formerly 
much used in medicine, now used mainly by home- 
opathists. 

heparaden (hep-ar' '-ad-en) [hepar; idr/v, a gland]. 
A therapeutic preparation of liver-substance, 2 parts; 
lactose, 1 part. It is used in icterus. Dose 92-154 
gr. (6-10 Gm.) daily. 

hepatalgia (hep-at-aV -je-ah) [hepar; &\yos, pain]. 
Neuralgic pain in the liver. 

hepatalgic (hep-at-al'-jik) [hepar; &.\yos, pain]. 
Relating to or affected with hepatalgia. 

hepatapostema (hep-at-ap-os-le'-mah) [hepar; &ir6- 
c-rrtfia, abscess: pi., hepatapostemata]. An abscess 
of the liver. 

hepatatrophia (hep-at-at-ro'-fe-ah) [hepar; hrpocfria, 
atrophy]. Atrophy of the liver. 



hepatauxe (hep-at-awk'-se) [hepar; oofa, increase]. 
Enlargement of the liver. 

hepatectomize (hep-at-ek' -to-mlz) [hepar; eKTo^, 
an excision]. To excise a part of the liver. 

hepatectomy (hep-at-ek' -to-me) [hepar; Uro^, a 
cutting out]. Excision of the liver, wholly or in 
part. 

hepatemphractic (hep-at-em-frak'-iik) [hepar; ip- 
4>p&£is, obstruction]. Relating to hepatemphraxis. 

hepatemphraxis (hep-at-em-fraks'-is) [hepar; 
ep.4>p6JiLS, obstruction]. Hepatic obstruction. 

hepathelcosis (hep-ath-el-ko'-sis) [hepar; IXkwo-is, 
ulceration]. Ulceration of the liver. 

hepathemia, hepathaemia (hep-ath-e'-me-ah) [hepar; 
alfia, blood]. Sanguineous hepatic congestion. 
Syn., hepatohemia. 

hepatic (hep-at'-ik). Pertaining or belonging to 
the liver, h. aloes. See aloes, h. artery. See 
artery, h. duct. See duct. h. lobes, the natural 
anatomical divisions of the liver, usually designated 
as right, left, quadrate, Spigelian, and caudate lobes. 
h. plexus. See plexus, h. starch, a synonym of gly- 
cogen, h. zones, certain areas in an hepatic lobule. 

hepatica (hep-af -ik-ah) . 1. Agents affecting the 
liver. 2. Liverwort; a genus of ranunculaceous 
plants. H. triloba and H. acutiloba were formerly 
esteemed in the treatment of hepatic, renal, and 
pulmonary complaints. 

hepatico- or hepato- (hep-af -ik-o- or hep'-at-o-) 
[hepar]. Prefixes signifying belonging to or relating 
to the liver. 

hepaticocholecystostcholecystenterostomy (hep-at- 
ik-o-ko-le-sist-ost-ko-le-sist-en-ter-os' -to-me). An an- 
astomosis between the gall-bladder and hepatic 
duct, on one hand, and between the intestine and 
gall-bladder, on the other. 

hepaticocolic, hepaticogastric. See hepatocolic, 
hepatogastric. 

hepaticoduodenostomy (hep-at-ik-o-du-o-den-os'- 
to-me) . The formation of an artificial communication 
between the hepatic duct and the duodenum. 

hepaticoenterostomy (hep-at-ik-o-en-ter-os' -to-me) . 
The formation of an artificial communication be- 
tween the hepatic duct and the intestine. 

hepaticogastrostomy (hep-at-ik-o-gas-tros' -to-me) . 
The formation of an artificial communication be- 
tween the hepatic duct and the stomach. 

hepaticolithotripsy (hep-at-ik-o-lith'-o-trip-se) . 

Crushing a stone in the hepatic duct. 

hepaticopancreatic (hep-at-ik-o-pan-kre-at'-ik) . Re- 
lating to the liver and the pancreas. 

hepaticopulmonary (hep-at-ik-o-pul'-mon-a-re) [hep- 
atico; pulmo, lung]. Relating to the liver and the 
lungs. 

hepaticorenal. See hepatorenal. 

hepaticostomy (hep-at-ik-os' -to-me) [hepar; arona, 
mouth]. The formation of a fistula in the hepatic 
duct. 

hepaticotomy (hep-at-ik-ot'-o-me) [hepatico-; refiveiv, 
to cut]. Incision of the hepatic duct. 

hepatin (hep'-at-in) [hepar]. Glycogen. 

hepatirrhagia (hep-at-ir-a' -je-ah). Same as hepa- 
torrhagia. 

hepatirrhea (hep-at-ir-e'-ah). See hepatorrhea. 

hepatism (hep'-at-izm) [hepar]. Derangement of 
various functions of the body, due or ascribed to 
some functional or other disorder of the liver. 

hepatitic (hep-at-it'-ik) [hepar; wis, inflammation]. 
Affected with or relating to, hepatitis. 

hepatitis (hep-at-i'-tis) [hepar; ins, inflammation]. 
Inflammation of the liver, h., indurative, a form 
marked by formation of fibrous tissue causing the 
liver-cells to atrophy from compression, h., inter- 
stitial, inflammation of the connective tissue of the 
liver leading in some cases to the formation of ab- 
scesses or to softening and atrophy of the glandular 
structure, and in others to induration and cirrhosis. 
h., interstitial, chronic, cirrhosis of the liver, h., 
parenchymatous, acute, acute yellow atrophy of the 
liver, h., suppurative, abscess of the liver. 

hepatization (hep-at-iz-a'-shun) [hepar]. A change 
of a tissue into a condition in which it resembles 
the liver, as hepatization of the lung, h., gray, that 
in which the hepatized lung tissue is gray. h. red, 
that in which it is red from an excess of blood. 

hepatizon (hep-at-i'-zon) [iiiraTl$eiv, to be like the 
liver]. Chloasma. 

hepato- (hep-at-o-) [hepar], A prefix denoting 
relation to the liver. 



HEPATOCACE 



422 



HERAPATHITE 



hepatocace (hep-at-ok'-as-e) [hepar; *ca/c6s, ill]. 
Gangrene of the liver. 

hepatocarcinia (hep-at-o-kar-sin'-e-ah) [hepar ; 
KapKivos, cancer]. Malignant disease of the liver. 

hepatocele (hep'-at-o-sel) [hepato-; kijXtj, a hernia]. 
Hernia of the liver. 

hepatocholangio-enterostomy (hep-at-o-ko-lan-je-o- 
en-ter-os' -to-me) [hepato-; x<>\v, bile; 4776101', vessel; 
evrepov, intestine; arbpa, mouth]. Formation of an 
artificial communication between the liver and the 
intestine. 

hepatocirrhosis (hep-at-o-sir-o'-sis) [hepato-; cir- 
rhosis]. Cirrhosis of the liver. 

hepatocolic (hep-at-o-kol'-ik) [hepato-; colic]. Re- 
lating to the liver and the colon. 

hepatocystic (hep-at-o-sis'-tik) [hepato-; kuotis, 
bladder]. Pertaining to the liver and the gall- 
bladder. 

hepatodidymus (hep-at-o-did'-im-us) [hepato-; dL5- 
vnos, double]. A monster with a double body 
from the liver up. 

hepatoduodenal (hep-at-o-dil-od'-en-al) [hepato-; 
duodenum]. Relating to the liver and the duodenum. 

hepatoduodenostomy (hep-at-o-du-od-en-os' -to-me) 
[hepato-; duodenum; o-ropa, mouth]. The formation 
of an opening from the liver into the duodenum. 

hepatodynia {hep-at-o-din'-e-ah) [hepato-; ddvvrj, 
pain]. Pain in the liver. 

hepatodysentery {hep-at-o-dis'-en-ter-e). Inflam- 
mation of the liver attended with dysentery; hepatic 
dysentery. 

hepatoenteric (hep-at-o-en-ter'-ik) [hepato-; evrepov, 
intestine]. Relating to the liver and the intestine. 

hepatogastric {hep-at-o-gas' -trik) [hepato-; yao-rrjp, 
stomach]. Pertaining to the liver and the stomach. 

hepatogastritis (hep-at-o-gas-tri'-tis) [hepato-; yaa- 
ttjp, stomach; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation 
of both liver and stomach. 

hepatogen (hep-at'-o-jen). A proprietary prepara- 
tion containing desiccated liver substance. 

hepatogenic, hepatogenous (Jiep-at-o-jen'-ik, hep- 
at-oj'-en-us) [hepato-; yewav, to produce]. Produced 
by or in the liver, h. icterus, jaundice caused by 
the absorption of bile from the liver. 

hepatography (hep-at-og'-ra-fe) [hepato-; ypa<pei.v, 
to write]. A description of the liver. 

hepatohemia (hep-at-o-hem'-e-ah). See hepathemia. 

hepatoid (hep'-at-oid) [hepato-; eldos, likeness]. 
Resembling a liver or liver-substance. 

hepatolith (hep'-at-o-lith) [hepato-; Xi0os, stone]. 
Biliary calculus; gall-stone. 

hepatolithectomy (hep-at-o-lith-ek' -to-me) [hepato-; 
X£0os, stone; eKrop.ii, excision]. Surgical removal of 
one or more gall-stones. 

hepatolithiasis (hep-at-o-lith-i'-as-is) [hepato-; lithi- 
asis], A diseased condition characterized by the 
formation of gall-stones in the liver. 

hepatolithic (hep-at-o-lith'-ik) [hepato-; Xi0os, a 
stone]. Affected with biliary calculi. 

hepatology (hep-at-ol'-o-je) [hepato-; \6yos, sci- 
ence]. The science of the nature, structure, func- 
tions, and diseases of the liver. 

hepatolysin (hep-at-ol'-is-in) [hepato-; lysin]. A 
cytolysin acting on liver cells. 

hepatomalacia (hep-at-o-mal-a'-she-ah) [hepato-; 
fia\aKta, softness]. Softening of the liver. 

hepatomegalia (hep-at-o-meg-a'-le-ah) [hepato-; pky- 
os, large]. Enlargement of the liver. 

hepatomelanosis (hep-at-o-mel-an-o'-sis). Melano- 
sis affecting the liver. 

hepatomphalocele (hep-at-om-fal'-o-sel) [hepato-; 
6p<f>a\6s, the navel; #07X17, a hernia]. An umbilical 
hernia with part of the liver contained in the sac. 

hepatomyeloma (hep-at-o-mi-el-o'-mah) [hepato-; 
p.ve\6s, marrow; 6pa, tumor; pi., hepatomyelomata]. 
Medullary carcinoma of the liver. 

hepatoncus (hep-at-ong'-kus) [hepato-; oyKos, a 
tumor]. A tumor or swelling of the liver. 

hepatonecrosis (hep-at-o-ne-kro'-sis) [hepato-; ve*.- 
pco<ris, death]. Gangrene of the liver. 

hepatopathy Qiep-at-op' -ath-e) [hepato-; vaBos, 
disease]. Any disease of the liver. 

hepatoperitonitis (hep-at-o-per-it-on-i'-tis) [hepato- ; 
peritonitis]. Inflammation of the peritoneal or serous 
coat of the liver. 

hepatopexy (hep'-at-o-peks-e) [hepato-; 7r^ts, fixa- 
tion]. Surgical fixation of a floating liver. 

hepatophage (hep'-at-o-faj) [hepato-; <f>ayelv, to 
eat]. A giant-cell peculiar to the liver, which is said 
to destroy liver-cells. 



hepatophlebitis (hep-at-o-fleb-i'-tis) [hepato-; phlebi- 
tis]. Inflammation of the veins of the liver. 

hepatophlebotomy (hep-at-o-fleb-ot'-o-me) [hepato-; 
<p\&l/, a vein; repveiv, to cut]. The aspiration of 
blood from the liver. 

hepatophyma (hep-at-o-fi'-mah) [hepato-; tpvpa, 
growth]. Any tumor of the liver. 

hepatoportal (hep-at-o-por'-tal) [hepato-; portal]. 
Relating to the portal circulation in the liver; portal 
as distinguished from reniportal. 

hepatopostema Qtep-at-o-pos-te'-mah) [hepato-; &tt6- 
o-Tvpa, abscess]. Abscess of the liver. 

hepatoptosis (hep-at-op-to'-sis) [hepato-; irnoo-is, a 
falling]. Synonym of floating liver. 

hepatopulmonary (hep-at-o-pul'-mon-a-re). See 
hepaticopulmonary. 

hepatorenal (hep-at-o-re'-nal) [hepato-; ren, the 
kidney]. Relating to the liver and the kidney. 

hepatorrhagia (hep-at-or-a'-je-ah). Hemorrhage 
from the liver. 

hepatorrhaphy (Jhep-at-or'-a-fe) [hepato-; pa<j>ri, 
suture]. Suture of the liver. 

hepatorrhea (hep-at-or-e'-ah) [hepato-; pola, flow]. 
Morbid or excessive secretion of bile by the liver. 

hepatorrhexis {hep-at-or-eks'-is) [hepato*; prjfrs, a 
rupture]. Rupture of the liver. 

hepatoscirrhus (hep-at-o-skir'-us) [hepato-; o-Klppos, 
an induration]. Scirrhous carcinoma of the liver. 

hepatoscopy (hep-at-os'-ko-pe) [hepato-; o-Koireiv, 
to examine]. Examination of the liver. 

hepatosplenitis (hep-at-o-splen-i'-tis) [hepato- ; 
o-irXrjv, spleen; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation 
of both liver and spleen. 

hepatostomy (hep-at-os' -to-me) [hepato-; o-ropa, a 
mouth]. The establishment in the liver-substance 
of communication between parts of the liver ob- 
structed by concretions. 

hepatotherapy (hep-at-o-ther'-ap-e) [hepato-; ther- 
apy]. The therapeutic use of liver. 

hepatotomy (hep-at-ot'-o-me) [hepato-; repveiv, 
to cut]. Incision of the liver. 

hepatotoxemia (hep-at-o-toks-e'-me-ah) [hepato-; 
toxemia]. Toxemia due to disturbance of the 
hepatic functions. 

hepatotoxin (hep-at-o-loks'-in) [hepato-; to£uc6v, 
a poison]. A cy to toxin found by E. Metchnikoff 
in the liver. 

hepco flour (hep' -co). A flour prepared from 
Soya bean with approximately the following compo- 
sition: protein 42.9; carbohydrate, 23.4 of which less 
than one half readily yields sugar; fat 20.8; ash 5.1; 
fiber 4.2; water 4.6. It is said to be a suitable food 
material in cases in which carbohydrates are contra- 
indicated, as diabetes, amylaceous dyspepsia and in 
obesity. 

hephestic (hef-es'-tik) [''H^aio-ros, Vulcan]. Pre- 
vailing or occurring among hammermen, as hephestic 
cramp. 

hephestiorrhaphy (he-fes-te-or'-af-e) ["'Htfxuoros, 
Vulcan; pa<j>ri, a seam]. The application of the 
actual cautery to the edges of a wound to bring 
about adhesion. 

hepptine (hep'-tin) [Maurice Hepp, French physi- 
cian]. Trade name of pure gastric juice obtained 
from living pigs. 

heptad (hep'-tad) [exrd, seven]. An element 
having a quantivalence of seven. 

heptadicity (hep-tad-is' -it-e) [see heptad]. Septi- 
valence. 

heptane (hep'-tan) [see heptad], C7H16. A liquid 
hydrocarbon of the paraffin group, contained in 
petroleum and also obtained from the resin of Pinus 
sabiniana by dry distillation. Syn., abietene. 

heptatomic (hep-tat-om'-ik) [ewTa, seven; aropos, 
an atom]. Same as heptavalent, q. v. 

heptavalent (hep-tav-a'-lent) [iirrt, seven; valens, 
having power]. In chemistry, equal to seven atoms 
of hydrogen in combining or saturating-power; 
applied to an atom that can be substituted for, or 
replaced by, seven atoms of hydrogen. 

heptoses (hep-tos'-ez) [iirra, seven]. A division 
of the glucoses, of the composition, C7H14O7. They 
are prepared by reducing the corresponding heptonic 
acids, C7H14O3 (their lactones), with sodium amal- 
gam. 

herapathite (her'-ap-ath-it) [W. B. Herapath, 
English chemist, 1820-1868]. An iodide of quinine- 
sulphate, occurring in rhomboidal laminae. It has 
been used as a remedy in scrofula and in febrile cases; 
in microscopy it is employed in polarizing light. 



HERB 



423 



HERNIA 



herb [herba, grass]. A plant the stem of which 
contains but little wood and dies down to the 
ground at the end of the season. 

herbaceous (her-ba'-se-us) [herba, grass]. In 
biology, i. Applied to stems or other organs that 
have a tender, juicy consistence and perish at the 
close of the growing-season. 2. Feeding upon herbs. 

herbal (her'-bal) [herba, grass]. An old name for a 
book on herbs; chiefly designating a book on the 
medicinal virtues of herbs. 

herbalist (her'-bal-ist) [herba, grass]. An herb- 
doctor or simpler; a so-called botanic physician. 

herbarium (her-ba' -re-urn) [herba, grass]. A col- 
lection of dried plants arranged for study; a hortus 
siccus. 

Herbert's operation {her'-bert) [Frederick Herbert, 
American ophthalmologist, i860- ]. An opera- 
tion for acute glaucoma, in which a wedge-shaped 
flap is cut in such a way as to prevent the subsequent 
cicatrization of the two scleral surfaces. 

herbicarnivorous (her-be-kar-niv'-or-us) [herba, 
grass; caro, flesh; vorare, to eat]. Omnivorous; 
living upon both animal and vegetable food. 

herbivora {her-biv'-or-ah) [herba, grass; vorare, to 
devour]. A name given to a division of mammalia. 
Animals that feed on vegetation. 

herbivorous (her-biv'-or-us) [herb; vorare, to 
devour]. Living on vegetable food. 

Herbst's corpuscles (herpst) [Ernst Friedrich 
Gustav Herbst, German anatomist, 1 803-1 893]. A 
variety of sensory end-organs found in the mucous 
membrane of the tongue of the duck; they resemble 
small Vater's corpuscles, but their lamellae are thinner 
and closer to each other, while the axis-cylinder 
within the central core is bordered on each side by a 
tow of nuclei. 

hereditary (he-red' -it-a-re) [heres, an heir]. Trans- 
mitted from parent to offspring, as hereditary disease. 
h. ataxia, a family disease of the young, depending 
on combined posterior and lateral sclerosis of the 
cord. It differs from tabes and ataxic paraplegia 
in the early age of its appearance, its hereditary 
nature, and some other features, h. syphilis. See 
syphilis, hereditary. 

hereditation (her-ed-it-a'-shun) [heredity]. The 
effect or influence of heredity. 

heredity (he-red' -it-e) [hereditas, heredity]. The 
transmission of physical or mental qualities or 
tendencies from ancestor to offspring; the principle 
or force by reason of which the offspring resembles 
the parent. 

heredo- (her-e-do-). In composition, hereditary. 

Hering's law (ha'-ring) [Ewald Hering, German 
physiologist, 1834- ]• The distinctness or purity 
of any sensation or conception depends upon the 
proportion existing between their intensity and the 
sum-total of the intensities of all simultaneous sensa- 
tions and conceptions. H.'s test, on looking with 
both eyes through a tube blackened inside and having 
a thread across one end, if a small round object is 
dropped immediately in front of or behind the thread, 
a subject with binocular vision can at once tell 
whether it has fallen nearer to his eyes or further 
away from them than the thread. In the absence 
of binocular vision a few trials will show that the 
relative distances of the falling object and the 
thread cannot be appreciated. H.'s theory of 
color-sensation, this predicates disassimilation and 
assimilation (decomposition and restitution) of the 
visual substance in vision — white, red, and yellow 
representing the sensation of disassimilation; black, 
green, and blue, that of restitution. 

hermaphrodism, hermaphroditism (her-maf'-ro- 
dizm, her-maf ' -ro-di-tizm) ['Epfiijs, Mercury; 'A<ppo8L- 
rv, Venus]. The coexistence, in a single individual, 
of ovaries and testicles, h., complex, a condition 
in which there are present the internal and the ex- 
ternal organs of both sexes, h., dimidiate or lateral, 
a form in which male organs (especially a testicle) 
are more or less developed on one side, and female 
organs (especially an ovary) on the opposite side. 
h., spurious, a condition in which the individual is 
of one sex, but presents the outward signs of the other. 
h., transverse, an instance in which the external 
organs indicate the one sex, and the internal, the 
opposite, h., unilateral, that in which there are on 
one side an ovary and a testicle, and, on the other, 
an ovary or a testicle. 

hermaphrodite (her-maf -ro-dit) [see hermaphro- 
dism]. An individual affected with hermaphrodism; 



usually the condition is due to some congenital 
malformation of the genital organs, such as epispadias, 
hypospadia, cleft of the scrotum, etc., that makes the 
determination of sex somewhat doubtful. 

hermaphroditic (her-maf -ro-dit' -ik) ['Epixrjs, Mer- 
cury; 'K<j>poUt-o, Venus]. Pertaining to herma- 
phroditism, q. v. See also teratism. 

hermetic (her -met' -ik) ['Epp.ijs, Mercury]. Pro- 
tected from exposure to air; air-tight, as the hermetic 
sealing of a wound. 

hermitine (her' -mit-en) . The proprietary name 
for a surgical antiseptic and disinfectant, said to be 
electrolyzed sea-water. Cf . electrozone. 

hermophenol, hermophenyl (her-mo-fe'-nol, -nil). 
A mercuriosodic phenol disulphonate containing 
40 % of metallic mercury, used as an antiseptic 
and antisyphilitic. On wounds, in a solution of 

1 : 100; injection in syphilis, 64 min. (4 Cc.) of a 
solution of 0.5 eg. to the cubic centimeter every 

2 or 3 days. Syn., sodium mercurophenyl disulpho- 
nate. 

hermophilia (her-mo-fil'-e-ah) ['Epnijs, Mercury; 
(pCktlv, to love]. A predilection for the therapeutic 
use of mercury. 

hernia (her'-ne-ah) [L.]. A protrusion of a viscus 
through an abnormal opening in the wall of the 
containing cavity ; used without qualification, the 
word refers to hernia of the intestine, h., abdominal, 
a protrusion of a portion of the abdominal viscera 
through some portion of the parietes. h. adiposa, 
a liparocele. h. adnata, a congenital hernia, h. 
annularis, umbilical hernia, h. of the bladder, the 
protrusion of a part of the bladder through one of the 
openings of the abdominal cavity, h. of the brain, 
h. capitis, h. cerebri, a protrusion of the brain through 
the skull. Syn., fungus cerebri, h., complete, a 
hernia in which the sac and its contents have passed 
the hernial orifice, h., concealed, one not perceptible 
on palpation, h., congenital, a form of indirect 
inguinal hernia in which, the vaginal process of the 
peritoneum having remained patulous, the bowel 
descends at once into the scrotum, in direct contact 
with the testicle, h., Cooper's. See Cooper's hernia. 
h. cordis, displacement of the heart with encroach- 
ment on the diaphragm or mediastinal wall, h., 
crural. See h., femoral, h., cystic. Same as cysto- 
cele. h., diaphragmatic, a protrusion of a portion 
of some of the abdominal viscera into the thorax, 
through a congenital defect in the diaphragm, or 
through a dilatation or laceration of one of the natural 
openings, h., displaced, one that has been forced 
from the scrotum into the subperitoneal connective 
tissue of the abdomen, h., diverticular, hernia of a 
congenital diverticulum of the intestine; hernia of 
Meckel's diverticulum. Syn., Littre's hernia, h. 
dolorosa, a painful incarcerated hernia, h., duo- 
denojejunal. See h., retroperitoneal, h., encysted, a 
form in which the pouch forming the tunica vaginalis 
is closed at its upper end, but open below. The 
hernia in descending along the inguinal canal enters 
the scrotum behind the tunica vaginalis, and is 
more or less completely surrounded by its posterior 
layer, h., epiploic, h. epiploica. See epiplocele. 
h., fatty. See liparocele and steatocele. h., femoral, 
a hernia through the femoral canal, the tumor ap- 
pearing on the upper inner aspect of the thigh, below 
Poupart's ligament, h., femoroinguinal, a femoral 
hernia coexistent with an inguinal hernia, h., free, 
a reducible hernia, h., funicular, one into the 
umbilical cord, h., Hesselbach's. See Hesselbach's 
hernia, h., Holthouse's. See Holthouse's hernia. 
h., incarcerated, a hernia which has become occluded 
by the accumulation of gas, feces, or undigested food, 
thus causing obstruction of the bowels, h., incom- 
plete, one that has not entirely passed through the 
hernial orifice, h., infantile. See h., encysted, h., 
inguinal, a hernia occupying the inguinal canal. 
h., inguino crural. Same as Holthouse's hernia, q. v. 
h., intercostal, a protrusion through the last costal 
interspaces, due to an intercostal wound, h., inter- 
stitial, a displaced hernia in which the sac has found 
a way between two layers of aponeurosis, h. of iris, 
a protrusion of a portion of the iris after iridectomy, 
trauma, etc. h., irreducible, one in which the 
protruded viscus cannot be returned by manipulation. 
h., ischiatic, a protrusion of the bowel through the 
great sacrosciatic foramen, h.-knif e, a probe-pointed 
knife for incising the constriction of a hernial sac. 
h., labial, a protrusion of the bowel between the 
vagina and the ramus of the ischium into a labium 



HERNIAL 



424 



HETERADENIA 



majus. h., lacrimal, h. of the lacrimal sac, h. lacri- 
malis, protrusion of the mucosa of the lacrimal sac 
through an opening in its anterior wall, h., lateral, 
h. lateralis, diverticular hernia, h., Lavater's. See 
Richter's hernia, h. lienalis, hernia of the spleen. 
h. of Littre. See Littre's hernia, h., Malgaigne's. 
See Malgaigne's hernia, h., mesocolic, a protrusion 
of the bowel between two layers of the mesocolon. 
h., obstructed. See h., incarcerated, h., obturator, 
a protrusion of bowel through the obturator foramen. 
h., omental, a hernia containing omentum; epiplocele. 
h., pectineal, one that, having made its way internal 
to and behind the femoral vessels, rests upon the 
pectineus muscle, h., perineal, a protrusion of the 
abdominal contents between the fibers of the levator 
ani muscle in front of or to one side of the anus. 
h., preperitoneal, one within the abdominal walls in 
front of the peritoneum, h., pudendal. Same as 
h., labial, h., rectal, i. See proctocele. 2. A pro- 
trusion of part of the pelvic or abdominal contents 
through the anus, held in a sac formed by eversion 
of the rectum, h., reducible, one that may be 
returned by manipulation, h., retrocecal, a pro- 
trusion of the bowel occupying an inconstant pouch 
dorsad of the cecum. Syn., Rieux's hernia, h., 
retroperitoneal, a hernia in which the intestine 
lodges in the fossa duodenojejunal, h., Richter's. 
See Richter's hernia, h., Rieux's. See h. t retrocecal. 
h., sacrorectal, posterior proctocele from defective 
ossification of the sacrum, h., scrotal, that form of 
inguinal hernia in which the protrusion has entered 
the scrotum, h., strangulated, a hernia which is so 
tightly constricted at its neck as to interfere with 
its return, with the circulation of blood, and the 
passage of feces, h., umbilical, a protrusion of the 
abdominal contents through the umbilicus, h., 
umbilicovesical, hernia of the bladder through the 
umbilicus, h., vaginal, one protruding into the 
vagina, h., ventral, the name applied to protrusions 
of the abdominal contents through the abdominal 
walls in situations not usually subject to hernia. 

hernial (her'-ne-al). Pertaining to hernia, h. sac, 
the diverticulum of the peritoneum which the hernia 
pushes before it or into which it descends. 

herniate (her'-ne-at). To form a hernia. 

herniation Qier-ne-a'-shun). The formation of a 
hernia. 

hernioceliotomy (her-ne-o-se-le-ot'-o-me) [hernia, a 
rupture; KoiXia, belly]. Abdominal section for the 
relief of hernia. 

hernioenterotomy (her-ne-o-en-ter-ot'-o-me) [hernia, 
a rupture; ivrkpov, bowel; Top.4), a cutting]. Herni- 
otomy combined with enterotomy. 

herniolaparotomy (her-ne-o-lap-ar-ot'-o-me) [hernia, 
a rupture; Xavapa, the flank; ropA], a cutting]. Same 
as hernioceliotomy. 

herniology Qter-ne-ol'-o-je) [hernia, hernia; X670S, 
science]. That department of surgery which treats 
of the causes, diagnosis, and treatment of hernia. 

hernioplasty Qier'-ne-o-plas-te). The operation for 
the radical cure of hernia. 

herniopuncture (her-ne-o-punk'-chur) [hernia; punc- 
tura, a pricking]. The puncture of a hernia. 

herniotome (her'-ne-o-tom) [hernia; to/mtj, a cut- 
ting]. A hernia knife. 

herniotomy {her-ne-ot'-o-me) [see herniotome]. 
Operation for the relief of hernia by section of the 
constriction. 

heroic (Jie-ro'-ik) [r}p«s, a hero]. Bold or daring; 
rash or unusually severe; applied usually to medical 
treatment by large doses or by measures involving 
risk. 

heroin, heroine Qier'-o-in), Ci7Hi7NO(C2H302>2. 
The diacetic-acid ester of morphine. It is anodyne 
and sedative, and is used in coughs, dyspnea, and 
pectoral pains. Dose T V-§ gr. (0.005-0.032 Gm.). 

heromal (her'-om-al). A proprietary remedy for 
respiratory disorders said to contain malt extract, 
hypo phosphites, and heroine. 

Herophilus, torcular of Qter-off'-il-us) [Herophilus, 
Greek physician, 335-280 B. C.]. The dilatation at 
the junction of the superior longitudinal, straight, 
two lateral, and two occipital sinuses. 

heroterpine (her-o-tur'-pen). A combination of 
heroine and terpine hydrate, indicated in bronchitis, 
asthma, etc. 

herpes (her'-pez) [ipveiv, to creep]. An acute 
inflammatory affection of the skin or mucous mem- 
brane, characterized by the development of groups 
of vesicles on an inflammatory base. h. circinatus. 



See tinea circinata. h. exedens, a general term 
for the varieties of herpes and lupus characterized 
by hard vesicles in thronged clusters and containing 
dense reddish or yellow fluid, h. facialis, an acute, 
noncontagious, inflammatory disorder of the skin 
that appears in the form of one or more groups of 
vesicles. It is commonly called fever-blisters, a 
form of herpes appearing especially on the lips. It 
is frequent in "cold," malaria, croupous pneumonia, 
and cerebrospinal meningitis. Syn., herpes febrilis. 
h. febrilis. See h. facialis, h. gestationis, herpes 
of the limbs in pregnancy, h. iris, a form of erythema 
with vesicles growing in a ring. It is usually seen 
on the backs of the hands and feet. h. labialis. See 
h. facialis, h. praeputialis, h. progenitalis, a form of 
herpes in which vesicles, the size of a pin's head to 
that of a small pea, occur upon the glans penis and 
prepuce. h. pyaemicus, impetigo herpetiformis. 
h. tonsurans. See tinea tonsurans, h. zoster, herpes 
in which the lesions are distributed in relation to the 
course of a cutaneous nerve, and, as a rule, unilateral. 
They are usually seen in the line of the intercostal 
nerves, but may follow the course of any nerve. The 
outbreak of the eruption is generally preceded by 
severe neuralgic pain. Syn., ignis sacer; shingles; 
zona; zoster. 

herpetic (her-pet'-ik) [herpes]. Pertaining to 
herpes, h. sore throat. See tonsillitis, herpetic. 

herpetiform Qier-pet'-if-orm) [herpes; forma, form]. 
Resembling herpes. 

herpetism (her'-pet-izm). A constitutional tend- 
ency to eruptions of herpes. 

herpetography Qier-pet-og'-ra-fe). Same as her- 
petology. 

herpetology (her-pet-ol'-o-je) [1] [ipirerov, a reptile; 
\6yos, discourse]. The classified knowledge of 
reptiles. [2] [ipiri]*, herpes; X670S, treatise]. The 
science of skin-diseases, especially those of an 
herpetic nature. 

Herpetomonas (her-pet-om'-on-as) [ipTrerou, a 
reptile; p.ov&'s, unit]. A genus of flagellated in- 
fusorians found in the intestines of insects and in the 
blood of various animals. H. donovani, the parasite 
of kala-azar; it is transmitted by the bite of the 
bedbug. 

Herxheimer's spiral fibers (herks f -hi-mer) [Karl 
Herxheimer, German dermatologist, 1861- ]. 
Spiral fibers found in the rete mucosum of the 
epidermis. H.'s reaction, the appearance of a 
maculo-papular eruption, deafness, or blindness, 
from the sudden onset of neuritis, following the 
treatment of syphilis by salvarsan, or the cacodylates. 

Heryng's benign ulcer (her'-ing) [Theodor Heryng, 
Polish laryngologist, 1847- ]. A solitary ulcer 
situated on the anterior fauces and resembling a large 
herpetic vesicle. H.'s sign, an infraorbital shadow 
observed on introducing an electric light into the 
mouth in empyema of the antrum of Highmore. 

Herzberg's reagent for free hydrochloric acid. 
Moisten paper with a solution of Congo red; when 
dried, it turns blue or bluish-black upon being 
moistened with hydrochloric acid. 

Hesselbach's hernia Qies'-el-bakh) [Franz Kasper 
Hesselbach, German surgeon, 1750-1816]. A lobu- 
lated hernia passing through the cribriform fascia. 
H.'s ligament, the ligamentum interfoveolare; 
a thin, fibrous, band extending from the posterior 
surface of the fascia transversalis, near the plica 
semilunaris, to the pubic bone and Gimbernat's 
ligament; it forms part of the conjoined tendon. 
H.'s triangle, a space bounded by Poupart's ligament 
below, the external border of the rectus abdominis 
internally, and the deep epigastric artery externally. 
Direct inguinal hernia occurs in this space. 

heteracephalous (het-er-a-sef '-al-us) [erepos, other; 
Ke^aXij, head]. _ See heterocephalous. 

heteradelphia (het-er -ad-el' -fe-ah) [hetero-; &5e\<j>6s, 
brother]. Heteradelphous teratism. 

heteradelphous Qiet-er-ad-el'-fus) [hetero-; &8e\<f>6s, 
brother]. Relating to an heteradelphus, or to an 
autosite and its parasite. 

heteradelphus (het-er-ad-el'-fus) [hetero-; &8e\<f>6s, 
brother]. A joined twin monster, consisting of an 
autositic monster with an attached parasite, the 
head of the latter being absent. 

heteradenia (het-er-ad-e'-ne-ah) [hetero-; &Srjp, a 
gland]. 1. Normal glandular structure occurring 
in a part normally not provided with glands. 2. 
Glandular structure departing from the normal 
type. 



HETERADENIC 



425 



HETEROMORPHISM 



heteradenic (het-er-ad-e'-nik) [see heter adenia]. 
Pertaining to or consisting of tissue that is unlike 
normal glandular tissue, or to glandular tissue 
occurring in an abnormal place. 

heteradenoma (het-er-ad-en-o'-mah) [hetero-; &Stjv, 
gland; 6p,a, tumor: pi., heter adenomata], A tumor 
formed of heteradenic tissue. 

heteralius (het-er-a'-le-us) [hetero-; aXcos, a disc], 
A double monster in which the parasite is very in- 
complete, and with no direct connection with the 
umbilical cord of its host. 

heterauxesis Qiet-er-awks-e'-sis) [hetero-; a&^o-ts, 
increase]. In biology, any unsymmetrical growth, 
normal or abnormal. 

heterecious (het-er-e' 'se-us) [hetero-; oTkos, a 
house]. Parasitic upon different hosts at different 
stages of growth. 

heterecism, heteroecism (het-er-e'-sizm) [hetero-; 
oIkos, a house]. Parasitism upon one host during 
one stage of growth or generation, and upon another 
host for the development of another stage or genera- 
tion. 

hetero- (het-er-o-) [erepos, other]. A prefix 
denoting unlikeness. 

heteroagglutinin (het-er-o-ag-lu' -tin-in). An ag- 
glutinin formed in the blood of an animal as the 
result of the injection of an antigen from an animal of 
a different species. 

heteroalbumose (het-er-o-al'-bu-mos) [hetero-; albu- 
mose], A variety of albumose soluble in salt solu- 
tions, insoluble in water, and precipitated by satura- 
tion with sodium chloride or magnesium sulphate. 

heteroalbumosuria (het-er-o-al-bu-mo-su'-re-ah) . 
The presence of heteroalbumose in the urine. 

heteroblastic {het-er-o-blas'-tik) [hetero-; /JXaoros, 
germ; bud]. Arising from tissue of a different kind. 

heterocele (het'-er-o-sel) [hetero-; kt/Xtj, hernia]. 
A hernia existing in some prolapsed organ, as in a 
rectocele. 

heterocelous, heteroccelous Qiet-er-o-se'-lus) [het- 
ero-; koIXos, hollow]. Convexoconcave. 

heterocentric Qiet-er-o-sen'-trik) [hetero-; Kkvrpov, 
center]. Applied to rays that do not meet in a 
common center. 

heterocephalus Qiet-er-o-sef-al-us) [hetero-; K&pa\ri, 
the head]. A fetal monstrosity with two heads of 
unequal size. 

heterochromatosis (het-er-o-kro-mat-o'-sis) [hetero- ; 
xpw/io, color], i. Pigmentation of the skin due to 
substances foreign to the body. 2. See heterochro- 
mia. 

heterochromia (het-er-o-kro'-me-ah) [see hetero- 
chromatosis]. A difference in color, as of the irides 
of the two eyes, or different parts of the same iris. 

heterochromous (Jiet-er-o-kro'-mus) [hetero-; xp^m^, 
color]. In biology, having different colors. 

heterochronia (het-er-o-kro'-ne-ah) [hetero-; xpb"os, 
time]. The production of a structure or the occur- 
rence of a phenomenon at an abnormal period of 
time. 

heterochronic, heterochronous {het-er-o-kron'-ik, 
het-er-ok'-ron-us) [see heterochronia]. Irregular in 
occurrence. Occurring at different times, or at 
other than the proper time. 

heterochylia Qiet-er-o-ki'-le-ah) [hetero-; xi>X6s, 
chyle]. A variable condition of the gastric contents, 
changing suddenly from normal acidity to hyper- 
acidity or anacidity. 

heterocrania {het-er-o-kra'-ne-ah) [hetero-; upaviov, 
skull]. 1. Asymmetry of the cranium. 2. Head- 
ache involving but one side of the head. 

heterocrisis (het-er-o-kri'-sis) [hetero-; icplais, a 
crisis]. An abnormal crisis in disease. 

heterocyclic compound (het-er-o-si'-klik) [hetero-; 
k{ik\os, a circle]. A closed chain organic compound 
in which atoms of elements other than carbon enter 
into the composition of the ring. 

heterodermotrophy (het-er-o-der-mot'-ro-fe) [hetero- ; 
8epp.a, skin; rpcxpri, nutrition]. Disordered or per- 
verted nutrition of the skin. 

heterodesmotic (het-er-o-dez-mot'-ik) [hetero-; Se<x- 
fios, a bond]. Connecting other parts; applied to 
nerve-fibers connecting centers of unequal value or 
associating nervous centers with other parts. 

heterodont Qiet'-er-o-dont) [hetero-; 68o0s, tooth]. 
In biology, having more than one sort of teeth, as 
incisors, canines, molars; the opposite of homodont. 

heterodymus (het-er-od'-im-us) [hetero-; 6"i5upos, 
twin], A double monster, the accessory part being 
but an imperfect head, with a neck and thorax by 



which it is implanted in the anterior abdominal wall 
of its host. 

heteroepidermic (het-er-o-ep-e-dur'-mik) [hetero- ; 
epidermis]. Pertaining to or taken from the skin 
of some other person; a form of skin-grafting (q. v.). 

heterogametous (het-er-o-gam'-e-lus) [hetero-; n&nos, 
marriage]. Pertaining to an individual having both 
dominant and recessive germ-cells. 

heteroganglionic Qiet-er-o-gan-gle-on'-ik) . Relating 
to different ganglia; applied to the connecting nerve- 
fibers between ganglia. 

heterogeneity (het-er-o-jen-e'-it-e) [hetero-; ykvos, 
kind]. The condition or quality of being hetero- 
geneous. 

heterogeneous (het-er-o-je'-ne-us) [hetero-; ykvos, 
kind]. Differing in kind or nature; composed of 
different substances; not homogeneous, h. vaccine, 
a vaccine derived from organisms outside of the 
patient in whose treatment they are to be used. 
See autogenous vaccine. 

heterogenesis (het-er-o-jen'-es-is) [hetero-; ykv&rvs, 
generation]. A mode of reproduction in which the 
living parent gives rise to offspring that pass through 
totally different series of states from those exhibited 
by the parents, and do not return into the cycle of 
the parents. 

heterogenetic (het-er-o-jen-et'-ik) [see heterogenesis]. 
Pertaining to heterogenesis. 

heteroglaucous (het-er-o-glaw'-kus) [hetero- ; y\avK&s, 
bluish-green]. 1. Having one eye blue and the other 
black or gray. 2. Relating to the anomalous pro- 
duction of greenish or glaucous spots. 

heterognathous Qiet-er-o-nath'-us) [hetero-; yvbBos, 
jaw]. Having dissimilar jaws. 

heterogony {het-er-og'-o-ne) [hetero-; yovos, genera- 
tion]. A form of reproduction that consists in the 
occurrence, in the cycle of development, of indi- 
viduals differing in structure from the parent forms 
and existing under special conditions of nutrition. 

heteroid, heteroideous (het'-er-oid, -oid'-e-us) 
[erepos, other]. Formed diversely; applied to 
inclosed structures which differ from their invest- 
ment. 

heteroinfection (Jtet-er-o-in-fek'-shun) [hetero-; in- 
fection], 1. Infection transmitted by a person who is 
himself not affected. 2. Infection of any organism 
by a poison not produced within itself; opposed to 
autoinfection. 

heteroinoculation (Jiet-er-o-in-ok-u-la'-shun) [het- 
ero-; inoculation]. Inoculation of one person by 
another. 

heterolalia (jhet-er-o-la'-le-ah) [hetero-; XaXia, talk]. 
The utterance of words other than those intended by 
the speaker; heterophemy. 

heterologous (Jtet-er-ol'-o-gus) [hetero-; \6yos, rela- 
tion]. Differing in structure or form from the 
normal, h. tumors, tumors constituted of a tissue 
different from that of the part in or on which they 
are situated. 

heterology (het-er-ol'-o-je) [hetero-; X670S, relation]. 
Abnormality in nature, form, or structure; develop- 
ment of an abnormal structure. 

heterotopia, heterolopy (het-er-o-lo'-pe-ah, het-er- 
ol'-o-pe) [hetero-; \0w6s, scale]. The presence of 
abnormal scales, crusts, or scabs. 

heterolysin Qiet-er-ol' -is-iri) [hetero-; Xu<m, solu- 
tion]. A cytolysin produced in the body of one 
species of animal by the introduction of blood from 
a different species. Cf . isolysin. 

heterolysis (hel-er-ol'-is-is) [see heterolysin]. The 
hemolytic action of the blood-serum of one animal 
upon the corpuscles of another species. Cf. isolysis. 

heterolytic (het-er-o-lit'-ik). Pertaining to or pro- 
duced by heterolysis or a heterolysin. 

heteromeral, heteromeric {het-er-om'-er-al, -ik) 
[hetero-; nkpos, part]. Applied to neurons originating 
in one lateral side of the spinal cord and sending 
processes to the other side. Cf. hecatomeral. 

heteromerous (het-er-om'-er-us) [hetero-; p.kpos, a 
part]. 1. Having homologous parts diversely com- 
posed. 2. Unlike in chemical composition 

heterometry (het-er-om'-et-re) [hetero-; /lerpov, a 
measure]. Deviation from the normal state in a 
part, in regard to the amount of its contents. 

heteromorphism (het-er-o-mor'-fizm) [hetero-; fioptpri, 
form]. A condition marked by difference in form, 
as compared with the normal form. In chemistry, 
the property of crystallizing in different forms. In 
biology: 1. A state of deviation from a type or 
norm. 



HETEROMORPHOSIS 



426 



HEXHYDRIC 



2. Exhibiting different forms at different stages in 
the life-history. 

heteromorphosis (het-er-o-mor-fo'-sis) \hetero-; nbp- 
4>wais, formation]. Malformation or deformity; any 
disease characterized by deformity. 

heteromorphous (het-er-o-mor'-fus) [ketero-; fiop<pri, 
form]. Differing from the normal in form. 

heteronephrotrophy {het-er-e-nef-rot'-ro-fe) [hetero- ; 
v&jtpos, kidney; Tp<xpr), nutrition]. Malnutrition or 
degeneration of any part of the kidney. 

heteronomous (het-er-on'-o-mus) [hetero-; vopos, 
law]. In biology, diversification in any series or 
set of morphologically related structures through 
specialization. Abnormal. 

heteronomy (het-er-on'-o-me) [hetero-; v6p.os, law], 
i. Subordination to a law of adaptive modification. 
2. The presence of segmentation. Cf. autonomy 
and homonomy. 

heteronymous (het-er-on'-im-us) [hetero-; 6vop,a, 
name]. On opposite sides; not homonymous; ap- 
plied to crossed double visual images, such as are 
seed when there is a relative divergence of the eyes. 

hetero-osteoplasty Qiet-er-o-os'-te-o-plas-te) [hetero-; 
oareov, bone; irXaaaeiv, to form]. The surgical 
grafting of bone, especially with a graft taken from 
a bone of one of the lower animals. 

heteropagus (het-er-op'-ag-us) [hetero-; irayos, 
fixture]. A double monster in which the parasite, 
having a head and extremities, is attached to the 
anterior abdominal wall of its host. 

heteropathic (Jtet-er-o-path'-ik) [hetero-; -waBos, 
disease]. Pertaining to or making use of heter- 
opathy. 

heteropathy (het-er-op'-ath-e) [hetero-; irados, suffer- 
ing], i. The treatment of a disease by inducing a 
different morbid condition to neutralize it. Al- 
lopathy. 2. Abnormal reaction to stimulus or 
irritation. 

heterophasia (het-er-o-fa'-ze-ah). See helerophemy. 

heterophemia, heterophemy (het-er-o-fe'-me-ah, 
het-er-of'-em-e) [hetero-; <i>j)p.t\, utterance]. The 
saying of one thing while another is intended. 

heterophonia (het-er-o-fo'-ne-ah) [hetero-; <f>03vr), 
voice]. Abnormal quality or perversion of the voice. 

heterophoralgia (het-er-o-for-al'-je-ah) [heterophoria; 
a\yos, pain]. Eye-strain or ocular pain caused by 
heterophoria. 

heterophoria (het-er-o-fo'-re-ah) [hetero-; <j>op6s, 
tending]. A relation of the visual lines of the two 
eyes other than that of parallelism. Esophoria is 
a tending of the lines inward; exophoria, outward; 
hyperphoria, a tending of the right or left visual line 
in a direction above its fellow; hyper esophoria, a 
tending of the visual lines upward and inward; 
hyperexophoria, upward and outward. 

heterophthalmos (het-er-of-thal'-mos). See hetero- 
chromia. 

heterophthongia {het-er-off-thong'-e-ah) [hetero- ; 
<p06yyos, sound]. Synonym of ventriloquism. 

heteroplasia (het-er-o-pla'-ze-ah) [hetero-; irXaaaeLv, 
to form]. The presence, in a part, of a tissue that 
does not belong there normally. 

heteroplasm (het'-er-o-plazm) [see heteroplasia]. 
Abnormal or false tissue. 

heteroplastic (het-er-o-plas'-tik) [hetero-; irA&o-o-eu', 
to form], i. Relating to heteroplasia. 2. Differing 
in structure. 

heteroplastid (het-er-o-plas'-lid) [hetero-; v\6.<raeiv, 
to form]. A surgical graft. 

heteroplasty (Jtet'-er-o-plas-te) [see heteroplasia]. 
I. Heteroplasia. 2. The operation of grafting parts 
taken from another species. 

heteroprosopus (het-er-o-pro-so'-pus) [hetero-; irpo- 
auirov, face]. A fetus with two faces; janus or 
janiceps. 

heteroproteose {het-er-o-pro'-te-os). A product 
of the digestion of syntonin in the stomach. 

heteropsychology (het-er-o-si-kol'-o-je) [hetero-; ifn- 
xh, soul; Xo-yoj, treatise]. The study or science of 
psychology, as based upon facts other than those 
of one's own subjective experiences. 

heteroptics (het-er-op'-tiks) [hetero-; otttikos, be- 
longing to sight], i. Clairvoyance. 2. Perverted 
vision. 

heterorexia (het-er-o-reks'-e-ah) [hetero-; 6pe£is, 
desire]. Perversion of the appetite. 

heteroscope (het'-er-o-skop) [hetero-; okottHv, to 
examine]. An apparatus for the accurate measure- 
ment of the various angles at which a deviating eye 
in strabismus can see. 



heterosexuality (het-er-o-seks-u-al'-it-e) . Perverted 
sexual feeling toward one of the opposite sex. 

heterostomy (het-er-os'-to-me) [hetero-; trrofia, 
mouth]. Lack of symmetry in the two sides of the 
mouth. 

heterotaxia (het-er-o-taks'-e-ah) . See heterotaxis. 

heterotaxis (het-er-o-taks'-is) [hetero-; rd^is, order]. 
The anomalous disposition or transposition of organs. 

heterotonia (het-er-o-to'-ne-ah) [hetero-; rovos, 
tension]. Variable tension. 

heterotopia (het-er-o-to'-pe-ah) [hetero-; towos, 
place]. A misplacement of normal tissue, especially 
a congenital malformation of the brain, in which 
masses of gray matter are found transplanted into 
the white. 

heterotopic (het-er-o-top'-ik). See heterotopous. 

heterotopous (het-er-ot'-o-pus) [hetero*; toitos, 
place]. Characterized by heterotopia; misplaced. 

heterotoxin (het-er-o-toks'-in) [hetero-; toxin]. Any 
poison or toxin introduced into the body from with- 
out. 

heterotrichous {het-er-ot'-rik-us) [hetero-; dpi£, 
hair]. Furnished with two kinds of cilia. 

heterotrophia, heterotrophy {het-er-o-tro'-fe-ah, het- 
er-ot'-ro-fe) [hetero-; rpo<t>ri, sustenance]. Any per- 
version or disorder of nutrition. 

heterotopia (het-er-o-trop'-e-ah). See strabismus. 

heterotypic, heterotypical (het-er-o-tip'-ik, het-er- 
o-tip'-ik-al) [hetero-; twos, pattern]. i. Differing 
from type. 2. Applied to a monstrosity consisting 
Of a well-developed fetus from which grows an 
immature secondary fetus. 

heterotypus (het-er-o-ti'-pus) [hetero-; tvttos, a 
type]. A double monster having the parasitic fetus 
hanging from the ventral wall of the principal sub- 
ject. 

heterovalvate (het-er-o-val'-vat) [hetero-; valva, 
valve]. Having two kinds of valves. 

heteroxanthin (Jtet-er-o-zan'-thin) [hetero-; Zav66s, 
yellow], C6H6N4O2. A leukomaine that can be 
isolated in crystalline form from urine. 

heteroxeny Qiet-er-oks'-en-e) [hetero-; Zkvos, a 
host]. The quality of living upon different hosts. 
Cf . heterecism. 

hetocresol, hetokresol Qtet-o-kre'-sol). See cinna- 
myl-metacresol. 

hetoform (het'-o-form). Bismuth cinnamate. 

hetol (he'-tol). See sodium cinnamate. 

hetraline (het'-ral-en). A compound of hexa- 
methylene tetramine with dioxybenzene. 

hettocyrtosis Qiet-o-sir-to'-sis) [firTov, less; KbpTuins, 
a curvature]. A slight curvature of the spine. 

Heubner's disease (hoyb'-ner) [Johann Otto 
Leonhard Heubner, German pediatrist, 1843- ]. 
Syphilitic endarteritis of the brain. 

heurteloup {her'-tel-oop) [Charles Louis Stanislas 
Heurteloup, French surgeon, 1793-1864]. An arti- 
ficial leech or cupping-apparatus. 

hexa- (heks-ah-) [i£, six]. A prefix signifying six. 

hexabasic {heks-ah-ba'-sik) [e£, six; /3do-is, a base]. 
Denoting an acid having six replaceable hydrogen 
atoms. 

hexad (heks'-ad) [ej, six]. An element the atom 
of which has a quantivalence of six. 

hexadactylism (heks-ah-dak'-til-izm) [hexa-; 8o.ktv- 
Xos, a finger]. Having six fingers or toes. 

hexahydrohematoporphyrin (heks-ah-hi-dro-hem- 
at-o-por'-fi-rin). A reduction-product of hematin-. 

hexamethylenamine Qieks-ah-meth-il-en' -am-in) , 
C6H12N4, the hexamethylenamina of the U. S. P., a 
condensation-product obtained by the action of 
ammonia on formaldehyde. Syn., hexamethylenete- 
tr amine; urotropin. 

hexamethylenetetramine. Same as hexamethylen- 
amine. 

hexane (heks'-an) [££, six], CeHw. The sixth 
member of the paraffin series of hydrocarbons. It 
is a liquid, boiling at about 71 C., found in various 
natural oils. 

hexatomic (heks-at-om'-ik) [hexa-; aro/*os, an 
atom]. Consisting of six atoms; also applied to 
atoms that are hexavalent, and to alcohols or other 
compounds having six replaceable hydrogen atoms. 

hexavalent (heks-av'-al-ent) [hexa-; valens, having 
power]. Having the same combining power as six 
hydrogen atoms. 

hexhydric (heks-hi'-drik) [hexa-; vSap, water]. 

1. Containing six atoms of replaceable hydrogen. 

2. Containing six molecules of water, h. alcohols, 
alcohols containing six hydroxyl groups attached 



HEXIOLOGY 



427 



HIND 



to six different carbon atoms; they approach the 
sugars closely in their properties. Moderate oxida- 
tion converts them into glucoses.. 

hexiology (heks-e-ol'-o-je) [e£is, habit; \6yos, 
science]. The science of the relations of the organism 
to its environment. 

hexone bases (heks'-on). Protein substances 
containing six atoms of carbon and having basic 
properties; these are lysin, arginin, histidin. 

hexose (heks'-os) [e£, six]. Any monosaccharid 
which contains six carbon atoms in the molecule. 

, hexyl (heks'-il) [li-, six; vX-n, substance]. A hypo- 
thetical univalent radical C6H13 occurring in some 
organic compounds. 

hexylarnine (heks-iV -am-en) , C6H15N. A ptomaine, 
found in putrid yeast; it has toxic properties. 

Hey's infantile hernia (ha) [William Hey, English 
surgeon, 1736-1819]. See Cooper's hernia. H.'s 
internal derangement, dislocation of the semilunar 
cartilages of the knee-joint, especially the internal. 
H.'s ligament, the femoral ligament, a falciform 
expansion of the fascia lata. H.'s operation. 1. For 
amputation through the foot: the same as Lisfranc's 
operation, except that the internal cuneiform bone 
is sawn through in a line with the articulation of the 
second metatarsal bone, instead of being disarticu- 
lated. 2. For amputation of the leg: the amputation 
is made in the middle of the leg by a long posterior 
flap, cut by transfixion, and a slightly shorter an- 
terior one. 

Heynsius' test for albumin (hin'-se-oos) [Adrian 
Heynsius, Dutch physician, 1831-1885]. Add to 
the solution acetic acid sufficient to acidify, and 
a few cubic centimeters of a saturated solution of 
sodium chloride and boil. A flocculent precipitate 
is produced by the presence of albumin. 

Hg. Chemical symbol of hydrargyrum, mercury. 

hg. Abbreviation for hectogram. 

hiant (hi' -ant) [hiare, to gape]. Yawning; gaping; 
opening by a fissure. 

hiation (hi-a'-shun) [hiare, to gape]. The act of 
gaping or yawning. Cf . pandiculation. 

hiatus (hi-a'-tus) [L., "a gap"]. 1. A space or 
opening. 2. The vulva, h. aorticus, the aortic 
opening in the diaphragm, h. canalis facialis or 
Fallopii, an oblique opening in the petrous portion 
of the temporal bone; see Fallopius, hiatus of. h. 
maxillaris, one on the inner aspect of the nasal part 
of the superior maxilla, establishing communication 
between the nose and the antrum of Highmore. 
Syn., hiatus supramaxillaris. h. cesophageus, the 
esophageal opening in the diaphragm, h. sacralis, 
an opening in the sacral canal posteriorly due to 
failure of the laminae of the fifth sacral vertebra to 
meet in the median line, h., Scarpa's. See Scarpa's 
hiatus, h. semilunaris, an opening in the deep fascia 
of the arm for the passage of the basilic vein. h. 
subarcuatus, a depression in the petrosa lodging the 
flocculus, h. tendineus, the anterior opening of 
Hunter's canal. 

Hibbs's operation [Russell Aubra Hibbs, American 
surgeon]. 1. For Pott's disease: An osteoplastic 
operation for the elimination of motion by producing 
a fusion of the spinous processes, laminae and lateral 
articulation of the spine. 2. For congenital hip 
disease: A method of reducing congenital hip dislo- 
cation by the aid of a machine, without traumatism 
to muscle or bone. 

hibernation (hi-ber-na' -shun) [hibernus, winter]. 
The dormant condition or winter-sleep of certain 
animals, notably bears, hedgehogs, etc., in which 
animation is almost suspended. 

hiccup, hiccough (hik'-up) [hie, a mimic word; 
cough]. A spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm 
causing inspiration, followed by a sudden closure of 
the glottis. Syn., singultus. 

Hicks' (Braxton) sign [John Braxton Hicks, 
English gynecologist, 1825-1897]. Intermittent uter- 
ine contractions beginning at the end of the third 
month of pregnancy; they may also be produced by 
tumors distending the uterus. 

hidden seizure. A popular name for various forms 
of slight or sudden epileptiform attacks. 

hidebound disease. See scleroderma. 

hidradenitis, hidroadenitis (hi-drad-en-i'-tis, hi- 
dro-ad-en-i' -tis) . See hidrosadenitis. h. suppurativa, 
a condition marked by the formation of tumors 
the size of a pea which tend to develop into ab- 
scesses. 



, hidradenoma (hi-drad-en-o'-mah) [ISp&s, 
adenoma]. Hyperplasia of an existing inflammatory 
tumor of a sweat-gland. 

hidroa (hid-ro'-ah) [ISpus, sweat]. Sudamina; 
any dermal lesion associated with or caused by 
profuse sweating. 

hidrocystoma (hid-ro-sis-to'-mah) [i5pd>s, sweat; 
Kii<rris, a cyst; 5/j.a, a tumor: pi., hidrocystomata]. 
A variety of sudamina appearing on the face, espe- 
cially in women in middle and advanced life. 

hidrodermia (hi-dro-dur'-me-ah) [ISpas, sweat; 
Sepfia, skin]. Anomalies of sweat-secretion. 

hidromancy (hid'-ro-man-se) [iSpcbs, sweat; navrkia, 
divination]. The forming of a prognosis from exami- 
nation of the perspiration. 

hidronosus (hid-ron'-o-sus) [18 pus, sweat; voaos, 
disease]. Any disease of the sweat-glands. 

hidropedesis (hid-ro-ped-e'-sis) [ISp&s, sweat; 
w-fidv/ns, a leaping]. Excessive sweating. 

hidrojAama.- (hid-ro-pla'-ne-ah) [ISp&s, sweat; irXavrj, 
a wandering]. Sweating in an unusual portion of 
the body. 

hidropoiesis (hid-ro-poi-e'-sis) [ISpus, sweat; iroi- 
V<ns, formation]. The formation of sweat. 

hidropoietic (hid-ro-poi-et'-ik) [see hidropoiesis]. 
Relating to hidropoiesis. 

hidrorrhea (hid-ror-e'-ah) [18 pus, sweat; poia, a 
flow]. Excessive flow of sweat. 

hidrosadenitis (hid-ros-ad-en-i'-tis) [I8p&s, sweat; 
&Sriv, gland; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of 
the sweat-glands, h., phlegmonous, a furunculus 
beginning in the coil of a sweat-gland, h., ulcera- 
tive, a variety occurring as superficial ulceration in 
circular or horse-shoe-shaped areas attacking the 
palmar or plantar surfaces; it is prone to relapse. 

hidroschesis (hid-ros'-kes-is) [iSpcbs, sweat; <rx&r«, 
retention]. Retention or suppression of the sweat. 

hidrose (hi'-dros) [i'5p«s, sweat]. Relating to 
sweat. 

hidrosis (hid-ro' -sis) [see hidrose], 1. The forma- 
tion and excretion of sweat. 2. Abnormally profuse 
sweating. 3. Any skin disease marked by disorder 
of the sweat-glands. 

hidrotic (hid-rot'-ik) [18p<j}tlk6s, producing sweat]. 
1. Diaphoretic or sudorific. 2. A medicine that 
causes sweating. 

hidrotopathic (hid-ro-to-path'-ik) [ISpcos, sweat; 
Trados, disease]. Relating to a morbid state of the 
perspiratory function. 

hieralgia (hi-er-al'-je-ah) [lepov, sacred, sacrum; 
aXyos, pain]. Pain in the sacrum. 

hiera-picra (hi-er-ah-pik'-rah) [L., "sacred bitters"]. 
Powder of aloes and canella. (Commonly, but 
incorrectly, called hicra-picra.) 

hieromania (hi-er-o-ma'-ne-ah) [Upos, sacred; 
fiavia, madness]. Religious frenzy. 

hierotherapy (hi-er-o-ther'-a-pe) [Upfc, sacred; 
depaireia, treatment]. The treatment of disease by 
religious practices. 

high operation. 1. Supra-pubic lithotomy. See 
lithotomy. 2. Delivery by forceps of a fetus, the 
instrument being applied at the superior strait. 

Highmore, antrum of (hi'-mor) [Nathaniel High- 
more, English anatomist, 1613-1685]. A cavity in 
the superior maxillary bone communicating with 
the middle meatus of the nose. H., body of, H.'s 
corpus, a thickening of the tunica albuginea at the 
posterior part of the testis, from which connective- 
tissue septa diverge. 

highmoritis (hi-mor-i'-tis). Inflammation of the 
antrum of Highmore. 

hilar (hi'-lar) [hilum, a little thing]. In biology, 
pertaining to the hilum. 

Hildenbrand's disease (hiV -den-brand) [Johann 
Valentin von Hildenbrand, Austrian physician, 
1763-1818]. Typhus fever. 

Hilton's law (hil'-tun) [John Hilton, English sur- 
geon, 1804-1878]. The nerve-trunk supplying a 
joint supplies also the muscles moving the joint, 
and the skin over the insertion of these muscles. 
H.'s line, a white line marking the junction of the 
skin of the perineum with the mucosa of the anus. 
H.'s muscle, the arytenoepiglottideus muscle. H.'s 
sac. See Morgagni's ventricle. 

hilum, hilus (hi'-lum, hi'-lus) [L., "a little thing"]. 
A pit, recess, or opening in an organ, usually for the 
entrance and exist of vessels or ducts. 

hind (hind) [AS., hindan, after; back]. Pertaining 
to the rear or posterior extremity. h.-brain, 
division of the brain in the embryo that becomes the 



HINDENLANG'S 



428 



HISTAFFINE 



cerebellum and the medulla oblongata, h.-gut, 
that part of the embryonic intestine from which the 
cecum, vermiform appendix, colon, and rectum are 
developed, h.-kidney. See metanephros. 

Hindenlang's test for albumin (hin'-den-lang) 
[C. Hindenlang, German physician]. On the addi- 
tion of solid metaphosphoric acid to the liquid to 
be tested a precipitate is formed in the presence of 
albumin. 

hinge-joint (hinj 1 '-joint) . See diarthrosis. 

hip [AS., hype), i. The upper part of the thigh 
at its junction with the buttocks. 2. The hip-joint. 
h.-bath. See bath, hip-, h.-bone, the ischium, h.- 
girdle, the pelvic arch, h.-joint, the articulation of 
the femur with the haunch-bone or innominate 
bone, h.-joint, disease, an inflammation of the hip- 
joint, usually tuberculous, and occurring most com- 
monly in the young, and, according as it begins in 
the head of the femur, the acetabulum, or in the 
synovial membrane and proper structures of the 
joint, divided into femoral, acetabular, and arthritic. 
The symptoms are shuffling gait, pain often referred 
to the inner side of the knee, pain in the hip elicited 
by jarring the heel, deformity, abduction and ever- 
sion of the thigh, slight flexion of the knee, and 
arching of the lumbar spine; later, adduction and 
inversion of the thigh, with flexion of the knee and 
shortening of the limb. Suppuration with formation 
of fistula? occurs in the advanced stages. Syn., 
coxitis. 

hippanthropy (hip-an'-thro-pe) [tiriros, horse; &v- 
Opu-Kos, man]. A form of zoanthropy in which 
the patient believes that he is a horse. 

hippasia (hip-a'-ze-ah) [iwiratrLa, riding]. Horse- 
back exercise. 

hippiater (hip-e-a'-ter) [tiriros, a horse; larpos, a 
physician]. A horse-doctor; a farrier. 

hippiatric (hip-e-at'-ric) [tiriros, a horse; larpos, a 
physician]. Pertaining to veterinary surgery. 

hippiatry (hip-i'-at-re) [1x71-05, horse; larpela, medi- 
cal art]. Veterinary medicine, in so far as it relates 
to the horse; farriery. 

hippocamp (hip'-o-kamp) [see hippocampus]. The 
hippocampus major. 

hippocampal {hip-o-kam'-pal) [see hippocampus]. 
Relating to the hippocampus, h. convolution, a 
convolution on the cerebral mesial surface anterior 
to the lingual lobe. h. fissure, a fissure on the 
cerebral mesial surface above the temporal lobe. 

hippocampus (hip-o-kam'-pus) [tinros, horse; k&hitos, 
a sea-monster: pi., hippocampi]. A name applied to 
two elevations, hippocampus major and hippocampus 
minor, the former situated in the middle, and the 
latter in the posterior, horn of the ventricles of the 
brain. When the term hippocampus is used alone, 
the h. major is meant. 

hippocoryza (hip-o-ko-ri'-zah). Synonym of equi- 
nia. 

hippocras (hip'-o-kras) [twos, horse; kp&tos, 
strength]. An old-fashioned cordial or liquor, made 
of red wine, sweetened and flavored. 

Hippocratic (hip-o-krat'-ik) [Hippocrates, a Greek 
physician of the fifth century B. C.]. Described by 
Hippocrates. H. expression, H. facies, an anxious, 
pinched expression of the countenance, described as 
characteristic of peritonitis, cholera and other fatal 
diseases. H. finger, hypertrophy of the ungual 
phalanx and nail in phthisis and other wasting 
diseases. H. sound, the succussion sound. See 
Hippocratis succussio. 

Hippocratis chorda, H. funis. The Achilles tendon. 
H. morbus sacer, epilepsy. H. succussio, suc- 
cussion employed to obtain a splashing sound in 
seropneumothorax and pyopneumothorax. 

Hippocratism (hip-ok'-rat-izm) [Hippocrates, a 
Greek physician]. Hippocrates' doctrine of imi- 
tating nature in the treatment of disease. 

hippol (hip'-ol). Methylene hippuric acid; it is a 
colorless, crystalline body, recommended as a 
urinary antiseptic. 

hippolith (hip'-o-lith) [tiriros, horse; Xldos, stone]. 
A calculus or bezoar found in the stomach of the 
horse. 

hippology (hip-ol'-o-je) {Liriros, horse; \6yos, 
knowledge]. The anatomy, pathology, etc., of the 
horse. 

Hippomane (hip-om'-an-e) [liriros, horse; y.avla, 
madness; the ancients believed that horses were 
madly fond of a plant called by this name]. A genus 
of euphorbiaceous trees. H. mancinella and H. 



spinosa, the manchineel trees of tropical' America, 
are extremely acrid and poisonous, ,even to the 
touch. They are used locally in medicine, especially 
in skin-diseases. 

hippomelanin (hip-o-mel' -an-in) [tiriros, horse; 
fikXas, black]. A pigment found in melanotic 
tumors in horses. 

hippomyxoma (hip-o-miks-o'-mah) [liriros, a horse; 
fiv^a, mucus]. .The swelling attending farcy and 
glanders. Syn., hippocoryzoma. 

hippopathology (hip-o-path-ol'-o-je) [tiriros, horse; 
irados, disease; \6yos, science]. The science of the 
diseases of the horse. 

hippophagy (hip-off' -a-je) [tiriros, horse; <payelv, to 
eat]. The eating of horse-flesh. 

hipposteology (hip-os-te-ol'-o-je) [tiriros, horse; 
barkov, bone; \6yos, science]. The science of oste- 
ology as applied to the horse. 

hippotomy (hip-ot'-o-me) [liriros, horse; rout), a 
cutting]. The anatomy or dissection of the horse. 

hippurate (hip'-u-rat) [tiriros, horse; olpov, urine]. 
Any salt of hippuric acid, q. v. 

hippuria (hip-u'-re-ah) [i7T7ros, horse; ovpov, urine]. 
Excess of hippuric acid in the urine. 

hippuric acid (hip-u'-rik). See acid, hippuric. 
h. acid, reaction for. See Luecke's reaction for 
hippuric acid. 

hippuris (hip-u'-ris) [licirovpis, horse-tail]. The 
cauda equina, q. v. 

hippus (hip'-us) [tiriros, horse, from analogy to 
the movements of this animal]. Spasmodic pupillary 
movement, independent of the action of light. 

hircismus (her-siz'-mus) [hircus, a goat]. The 
goat-like odor sometimes emitted by the human 
axilla. 

hircus (her'-kus) [L., "goat"]. 1. The tragus. 
2. Hircismus, q. v. 3. A hair growing in the axilla. 

Hirschberg's test (hersh'-berg) [Julius Hirschberg, 
German ophthalmologist, 1843- ]. A rough 
estimate of the amount of strabismus is made by 
observing the position of the corneal reflection of a 
candle-flame held one foot in front of the eye to be 
tested, the examiner placing his own eye near the 
candle and looking just over it. 

Hirschf eld's disease (her sh' -felt). A form of 
diabetes of rapid march, which usually ends in death 
in three months, by progressive cachexia or by com- 
plication. H.'s ganglion, the gyrus hippocampi. 

Hirschsprung's disease (her sh' -sprung) [Harold 
Hirschsprung, Danish physician, 1830- ]. Con- 
genital hypertrophic dilatation of the colon. 

hirsute (her-suf) [hirsutus, shaggy]. Shaggy; 
hairy. 

hirsuties (her-su'-te-ez) [see hirsute]. Excessive 
growth of hair. 

Hirtz's rale. A moist, subcrepitant rale, of a 
somewhat metallic character, pathognomonic of 
tuberculous softening. 

hirudin (hir'-u-din) [hirudo, leech]. The active 
principle of a secretion derived from the buccal 
glands of the pond -leech, Sanguisuga medicinalis; 
it is said to be a secondary albumose, and has the 
property of preventing the coagulation of blood. 

hirudiniculture (hi-roo' -din-e-kul-chur) [hirudo, 
leech; cultura, culture]. The artificial breeding and 
rearing of leeches. 

hirudo (hi-roo' -do) [L.: pl.hirudines]. The leech, 
q. v. 

His' canal [1. Wilhelm His, German anatomist, 
1831-1904; 2. Wilhelm His, Jr., German physician, 
1863- ]. [1] The thyroglossal duct of the fetus, 
of which the cecal foramen of the tongue is the 
vestige and which may persist during postnatal life. 
[1] H.'s germinal cell, any epiblastic cell in the neural 
tube from which a neurone is developed. [2] 
H.'s muscle bundle, a neuromuscular band joining the 
right auricle to the ventricles in the mammalian 
heart. [1] H.'s peripheral veil, the spongy felt-work 
formed by the ectal ends of the spongioblasts of the 
neural tube. [1] H.'s perivascular spaces, lymph- 
spaces surrounding the blood-vessels of the brain and 
spinal cord. [1] H.'s stroma, the trabecular frame- 
work of the mammary gland. [2] H.'s sulcus termin- 
alis, a furrow on the surface of the right auricle; it 
corresponds in position to the crista terminalis of 
His, a vertical ridge in the interior of the right 
auricle. 

histafnne (his'-taf-in) [histo-; affinis, related]. 
1. Having affinity for tissues. 2. A substance 
supposed to be present in the blood-serum in certain 



HISTIC 



429 



HOCK 



diseases such as syphilis and trypanosomiasis; and 
which is said to produce complement fixation. 

histic (his'-tik) [lards, a web]. Relating to tissue. 

histidin (his'-tid-in), C6H9N3O2. A base present 
among the hydrolytic products of casein, albumin, 
blood-serum, and horn, and a constant cleavage- 
product of the more complex plant and animal 
proteids. 

histin (his'-tin) [larlov, a web]. Fibrin. 

histioid (his'-te-oid). See histoid. 

histioma (his-ti-o'-mah) [larlov, a web; 6pa, a 
tumor]. A tissue tumor in which distinct tissues 
may be recognized, but which do not arrange them- 
selves to form organs. 

histo- (his-to-) [Lards, tissue]. A prefix denoting 
relation to tissue. 

histoblast (his'-to-blasf) [histo-; pXaaros, a germ]. 
A cell engaged in the formation of tissue. 

histochemistry (his-to-kem'-is-tre) [histo-; chem- 
istry]. The chemistry of the histological elements of 
the body. 

bistodialysis (his-lo-di-al'-is-is) [histo-; SiaXvais, 
dissolution]. The dissolution of organic tissue. 

histofluorescence (his-to-floo-or-es'-enz). The ad- 
ministration of fluorescing drugs during Roentgen- 
ray treatment. 

histogenesis (his-to- j en' -es-is) [histo-; yeveais, 
generation]. The formation of tissues. 

histogenetic (his-to-jen-et'-ik) [see histogenesis]. 
Relating to histogenesis. 

histogenol (his-to? -en-oV) . A compound of phos- 
phorus and arsenic, each dessertspoonful containing 
\ gr. (0.032 Gm.) of disodic methyl arsenate and 
x\ gr. (0.1 Gm.) of nucleic acid. 

histogeny (his-toj'-en-e). See histogenesis. 

histography (his-tog'-ra-fe) [histo-; ypafaiv, to 
write]. A description or written account of the 
tissues. 

histohematin (his-to-hem'-at-in) [histo-; alp.a, 
blood]. A pigment found in muscles, suprarenal 
capsules, and other organs, and believed to have a 
respiratory function. 

histoid (his'-toid) [histo-; eldos, likeness]. 1. Re- 
sembling tissue. 2. Composed of only one kind of 
tissue. 

histokinesis (his-to-kin-e'-sis) [histo-; Kiv^ais, 
movement]. Movement that takes place in the 
minute structural elements of the body. 

histologi;, histological (his-to-loj'-ik, -al) [see his- 
tology]. Relating to histology. 

histologist (his-tol'-o-jist) [histo-; X6705, science]. 
One who is expert in histology. 

histology (his-tol'-o-je) [histo-; \6yos, science]. 
The minute anatomy of tissues, h., normal, the 
study of sound tissues, h., pathological, the study 
of diseased tissues, h., topographical, the study of 
the minute structure of the organs and especially of 
their formation from the tissues. 

histolysis (his-tol'-is-is) [histo-; Xwris, dissolution]. 
Disintegration and dissolution of organic tissue. 

histolytic (his-tol-it'-ik) [histo-; Xvais, dissolution]. 
Pertaining to histolysis. 

histomorphology (his-to-morf-ol'-o-je) [histo-; p.op<pr), 
form; \6yos, science]. The morphology of the 
histological elements of the body. 

histon (his'-ton) [larbs, tissue]. A protein pre- 
pared from the nuclei of cells. It belongs to the 
group of proteins known as albumoses or propeptones. 

histonomy (his-ton'-o-me) [histo-; vbp.os, a law]. 
The laws of the development and arrangement of 
organic tissue. 

histonuria (his-ton-u'-re-ah). The presence of 
histon in the urine. 

histopathology (his-to-path-ol'-o-je) [histo-; path- 
ology]. The study of minute pathological changes in 
tissues. 

histophysiology (his-to-fiz-e-ol'-o-je) [histo-; physi- 
ology]. The science of the functions of the various 
tissues. 

histopin (his'-to-pin). A staphylococcus extract 
used in the treatment of furunculosis. 

Histoplasma capsulatum (his-to-plaz'-mah cap-su- 
la' turn). A protozoon parasitic in man in Central 
and South America 

histoplasmosis hominis (h s-to-plaz-mo'-sis hom'- 
in-is). The diseased state caused by the invasion 
of the human body by the Histoplasma capsulatum. 

histopsyche (his-to-si'-ke) [histo-; 4>vxv, soul]. 
The tissue soul; according to Haeckel, the higher 
psychological function which gives psychological indi- 



viduality to the compound multicellular organism as 
a true cell commonwealth. 

history (his'-tor-e) [laropla, a learning by inquiry]. 
A narrative; story, h., biological, the life-story of 
any animal, h., medical, the account obtained from 
a patient as to his health, past and present, and the 
symptoms of his disease. 

histosan (his'-to-san). Trade name of guaiacol- 
albuminate; said to be useful in tuberculosis and other 
diseases of the respiratory system. Dose 5 i-iv 
(4-16 gm.). 

histotherapeutics, histotherapy (his-to-ther-ap-u'- 
tiks, his-to-ther'-ap-e) [histo-; depairela, therapy]. 
The remedial use of animal tissues. 

histotome (his'-to-tom) [histo-; repveiv, to cut]. 
An apparatus for cutting tissue for the study of its 
minute structure; a microtome. 

histotomy (his-tof -o-me) [see histotome]. The 
dissection of tissues. 

histotripsy (his-to-trip'-se) [histo-; rptyis, a crush- 
ing]. The crushing of tissue by an ecraseur. 

histotromy (his-tof -ro-me) [histo-; rp6p.os, tremor]. 
Fibrillary contraction. 

histotrophic (his-to-trof-ik) [histo-; rpcxprt, nourish- 
ment]. Concerning the nutrition of the tissues. 

histotropic (his-to-trop'-ik) [histo-; rpoiros, a turn]. 
The property of entering into chemical combination 
with the tissues. 

histozoic (his-to-zo'-ik) [histo-; $&n, life]. Living 
on or within_the tissues; denoting certain protozoan 
parasites. 

histozyme (his'-to-zim) [histo-; ^vy.ti, leaven]. A 
ferment found in the kidneys of pigs, and concerned 
in splitting up hippuric acid. 

histrionic (his-tre-on'-ik) [histrio, an actor]. Dra- 
matic, h. mania, insanity with affectation and lofty 
manner, h. muscles, the muscles of expression of 
the face. h. spasm, spasm of the muscles of ex- 
pression. 

histrionism (his'-tre-on-izm) [histrio, a player]. 
Dramatic action in insanity or in hysteria. 

Hitzig's center (hit'-zig) [Julius Edward Hitzig, 
German physician, 1838- ]. A center in the 
supramarginal gyrus which is supposed to govern the 
voluntary movements of the eyeballs. H.'s zone, a 
hypesthetic zone extending around the trunk in 
tabes dorsalis. 

hives (hivz) [origin uncertain]. 1. Urticaria. 
2. In Great Britain the term is also applied to croup, 
laryngitis, and chicken-pox. 

HI. Abbreviation for latent hypermetropia ; and 
for hectoliter. 

Hm. Abbreviation for manifest hypermetropia; 
and for hectometer. 

H. M. C. Abbreviation for hyoscine-morphine- 
cactine anesthesia. 

hoang-nan, or hwang-nao (ho-ang-nan' ', hwang- 
now']) [Chinese]. A> Chinese preparation obtained 
from the bark of Strychnos gaultheriana. Its proper- 
ties are due to a small percentage of strychnine. It 
is recommended as an alterative in syphilis, leprosy, 
and similar diseases, and is an alleged preventive of 
hydrophobia if given in large doses (gr. xv) during 
the period of incubation. Dose of the powdered 
drug gr. iij-v; of the aceto-alcoholic extract gr. 
£-£ ; of the tinct. nj j-v. 

hoarhound, horehound (hor'-hownd). See mar~ 
rubium. 

hoarse (hors) [ME., hoors, harsh]. Harsh; grating; 
discordant; applied to the voice. 

hoarseness (hors'-nes) [ME., hoorsnesse, hoarse- 
ness]. Harshness of the voice depending on some 
abnormal condition of the larynx or throat. 

hobnail liver. The liver of advanced atrophic 
cirrhosis, so called on account of the small projections 
on the surface. Syn., gin-drinker's liver. 

Hoboken's valves. The secondary windings of 
the vessels of the umbilical cord that form grooves 
externally and valve-like projections internally. 

Hoche, bandelette of (hok). A small bundle of 
nerve-fibers, a part of the fasciculus posterior pro- 
prius. 

Hochsinger's sign (hokh'-zing-er) [Carl Hochsinger, 
Austrian pediatrist]. The existence of indicanuria 
in tuberculosis of childhood. 

hock, hough (hok) [ME., houz, heel]. The joint 
on the hind -leg of a quadruped between the knee 
and the fetlock, corresponding to the ankle-joint in 
man. In man, the back part of the knee-joint; the 
ham. 



HODARA'S 



430 



HOLTZ 



Hodara's disease (ho-dah'-rah) [Menahem Hodara, 
Turkish physician]. A form of trichorrhexis nodosa 
that has been observed by Hodara in women in 
Constantinople. 

Hodge's plane (hodj) [Hugh Lenox Hodge, Ameri- 
can gynecologist, 1796-1873]. A plane parallel to 
that of the pelvic inlet, passing through the upper 
border of the os pubis and the middle of the second 
sacral vertebra. 

Hodgen's apparatus (hod'-gen) [John Thompson 
Hodgen, American surgeon, 1826-1882]. A modifica- 
tion of Smith's anterior splint. 

Hodgkin's disease (hodj'-kin) [Thomas Hodgkin, 
English physician, 1 798-1 866]. Pseudoleukemia; 
progressive hyperplasia of the lymphatic glands 
associated with anemia. 

Hodgson's disease (hodj'-sun) [Joseph Hodgson, 
English physician, 1788-1869]. Senile atheroma of 
the aorta with consequent lesion of aortic valves. 

hodograph (hod'-o-graf) [686s, a path; ypafciv, 
to write]. 1. An instrument for recording loco- 
motor movements. 2. Of Sir Wm. Hamilton, a 
curve demonstrating the velocity of a moving par- 
ticle; it is employed in the study of central forces. 

hoe (ho) [ME., howe, a hoe]. A scraping-instru- 
ment used in operations for cleft-palate, or in den- 
tistry. 

Hoen's degeneration (ho' -en). Degenerative 
change in striated muscles with nuclear proliferation. 

Hoffa's operation (hof'-fer) [Albert Hoffa, German 
orthopedist, 1850-1907]. A "bloody" method of 
reducing congenital dislocation of the hip. 

Hoffmann's anodyne (hof'-man). A compound of 
ether, 30; alcohol, 67; ethereal oil, 3- It is anodyne, 
stimulant, and antispasmodic, and is used in nervous 
irritation, angina pectoris, and asthma. Dose 30 
min.-2 dr. (2-8 Cc). H.'s symptom, increase of the 
mechanical irritability of the sensory nerves in tetany. 
H.'s test for tyrosin, add to the solution to be tested 
mercuric nitrate and boil; then add nitric acid con- 
taining some nitrous acid. If tyrosin is present, a 
beautiful red coloration is produced and a red 
precipitate is formed. H.'s type of progressive 
muscular atrophy. See Char cot-Marie's type of 
progressive muscular atrophy. 

Hofmeister's test for leucin (hof -mister). A 
deposit of metallic mercury is formed on warming a 
solution of leucin with mercurous nitrate. H.'s 
test for peptones, prepare phosphotungstic acid by 
dissolving commercial sodium tungstate in boiling 
water and adding phosphoric acid until acid in 
reaction; acidify strongly with hydrochloric acid after 
cooling, and filter when it has stood 24 hours. On 
adding this to a peptone solution entirely free from 
albumin it yields a precipitate. 

hog cholera. A contagious, febrile, disease of 
hogs, due to Bacillus cholera suist 

Hohl's method (hoi) [Anron Friedrich Hohl, 
German physician, 1789-1862]. A method of pre- 
serving the perineum in labor. It consists in apply- 
ing resistance to the presenting part, the thumb 
being applied anteriorly to the occiput and the index 
and middle fingers posteriorly upon that portion of 
the head lying nearest the commissure. 

holadin (hol'-ad-in) [6\os, entire; &Srjv, gland]. 
Trade name of a preparation of the entire pancreas. 
It is sold in 3 gr. capsules. 

holagogue (hol'-ag-og) [6\os, whole; ayoiyos, lead- 
ing]. A medicine or remedy -that expels or drives 
out the whole of a morbid substance. A radical 
remedy. 

holarthritis (hol-ar-thri'-tis). See polyarthritis. 

Holden's line (hoi' -den) [Luther H olden, English 
surgeon, 1815-1905]. A sulcus below the fold of 
the groin, starting from the femoroscrotal furrow, 
and fading away between the great trochanter and 
the anterior superior iliac spine; it crosses the middle 
of the capsule of the hip. 

holder (hold'-er). A device for holding instru- 
ments, sponges, etc., in surgical operations. 

hold-fast (hold'-fast). A "lumpy-jaw" tumor. 
See actinomycosis. 

holgin (hol'-jin). Trade name of an antiseptic 
compound of menthol, formaldehyde and methyl 
alcohol. 

hollow (hol'-o). 1. Empty within; not solid. 
2. A depression; a vacuity, h.-back, lordosis, h.- 
foot, same as talipes, cavus, q. v. h.-horn, h.-tail. 
Synonym of Texas fever. 

hollyhock (hol'-e-hok). See althea. 



Holmes' operation (holmz) [Timothy Holmes, 
English surgeon, 1825-1907]. For excision of the os 
calcis: an incision is made from the inner edge of the 
Achilles tendon along the upper border of the os 
calcis and the outer border of the foot to the cal- 
caneocuboid joint, and this is joined by another 
incision running across the sole, the peroneal tendons 
being divided. 

Holmgren's test (holm'-gren) [Alarik Frithiof 
Holmgren, Swedish physiologist, 1831-1897]. A test 
for color-blindness. The patient is requested to 
match skeins of different colored worsted, and if 
color-blind, he always selects characteristic shades. 

holo- (hol'-o-) [SXos, entire]. A prefix signifying 
entirety. 

holoblast- (hol'-o-blast) [holo-; /SXcurros, germ]. 
In biology, an ovum that undergoes complete seg- 
mentation while germinating. 

holoblastic (hol-o-blas'-tik) [5\os, whole; P\o.<tt6s, 
germ]. Applied to ova in which the entire yolk is 
included in the process of segmentation; one in 
which there is no separate food-yolk. 

holocaine (hol-o-ka'-in). A crystalline combina- 
tion of paraphenetidin and acetphenetidin. The 
hydrochloride is employed as an anesthetic in 
ophthalmic practice in 1 % solution. 

holocrine (hol'-o-kren) [holo-; Kpivetv, to separate]. 
Applied to a gland the cell of which, after having 
elaborated the material of secretion, falls into disuse 
and disappears. Cf. merocrine. 

holodiastolic (hol-o-di-as-tol'-ik) [holo-; diastole]. 
Relating to the entire diastole. 

holometabolic (hol-o-met-ab-ol'-ik) [holo-; nerafioXri, 
change]. In biology, applied to animals that undergo 
complete metamorphosis or transformation, as in- 
sects. 

holonarcosis (hol-o-nar-ko'-sis) [holo-; vapuwais, 
stupor]. Complete narcosis. 

holopathy (hol-op'-ath-e) [holo-; irddos, disease]. 
1. A general or constitutional disease of which a local 
disorder is but a manifestation. 2. The theory that 
local diseases are manifestations of a general disorder. 

holoplexia (hol-o-pleks'-e-ah) [holo-; 7rXfj£<.s, a 
stroke]. Complete or general paralysis. 

holorhachischisis (hol-o-rak-is'-kis-is) [holo-; paxis, 
spinal column; trxifelv, to cleave]. A congenital 
absence of the vertebral canal. 

holoschisis (hol-os'-kis-is) [holo-; axlo-is, cleavage]. 
Amitotic or indirect cell-division; amitosis. 

holosteosclerosis (hol-os-te-o-skler-o'-sis) [holo-; 
oareov, bone; <tk\t)pos, hard]. General osteosclerosis. 

holosteous (hol-os'-te-us) [holo-; bareov, a bone]. 
In biology, having a completely bony skeleton. 

holosteric (hol-os'-ter-ik) [holo-; arepeos, solid]. 
Not liquid; composed entirely of solids. 

holostomatous (hol-o-sto'-mat-us) [holo-; arofia, 
mouth]. In biology, having the mouth entire, 
neither notched nor with parts missing. 

holosymphysis (hol-o-sim'-fiz-is) [holo-; avpupvais, 
a growing together]. Complete union. 

holosystolic (hol-o-sis-tol'-ik) [holo-; systole]. Re- 
lating to the entire systole. 

holotetanus (hol-o-tet'-an-us) [holo-; rkravos, teta- 
nus]. General tetanus; called also holotonia. 

holotomy (hol-ot'-o-me) [holo-; -rkp.vtiv, to cut]. 
Complete surgical excision of a part or organ. 

holotonia, or holotony (hol-o-to' -ne-ah, hol-ot'-o-ne) 
[holo-; relveiv, to stretch]. Same as holotetanus. 

holotonic (hol-o-ton'-ik) [holo-; reiver, to stretch]. 
Relating to, or characterized by, holotetany. 

holotopic (hol-o-top'-ik) [holo-; tokos, place]. Per- 
taining to the relation of a part to the entire organism. 

holotopy (hol-ot'-o-pe). Waldeyer's term for the 
relation of a part or organ to the whole organism. 
Cf. idiotopy; skeletotopy; syntopy. 

ho-louan (ho-loo-an') [Chinese]. Cholera. 

holozoic (hol-o-zo'-ik) [holo-; $&ov, an animal]. 
In biology, entirely resembling animals in mode of 
nutrition. 

Holthouse's hernia (holt'-hows) [Carsten Holthouse, 
English surgeon, 1810-1890]. An oblique inguinal 
hernia in which, owing to the nondescent of the testis 
or from other causes, the hernia protrudes outward 
along the fold of the groin. 

holting (holt'-ing) [Barnard Holt, English surgeon, 
19th century]. The divulsion of a urethral stric- 
ture by Holt's dilator. 

Holtz machine (holtz) [Wilhelm Holtz, German 
physicist, 1836- ]. A particular form of electro- 
static induction-machine. 



HOLZIN 



431 



HOMOGENY 



holzin (holt'-ziri). Formaldehyde in a 60 % solu- 
tion in methyl-alcohol. An antiseptic and disin- 
fectant. 

holzinol (holt' -zin-oV) . A solution of formaldehyde 
in methyl-alcohol containing a small proportion of 
menthol. Antiseptic and disinfectant. 

homagra (hom-a'-grah). See omagra. 

homalccephalus (hom-al-o-sef -al-us) [&/ia\6s, flat; 
Ke<£aXi7, the head]. Lissauer's term for "flat headed." 

homalocoryphus (hom-al-o-kor'-if-us) [6fia\6s, flat; 
Kopv<f>r), the head]. Lissauer's term for a skull in 
which the angle formed by two lines drawn from 
the bregma and the occipital point to the highest 
point above is between 132 and 142 . 

homalodermatous, homalodermous (Jto-mal-o-dur'- 
mat-us, -dur'-mus) [6na\6s, smooth; depfia, skin]. 
Having a smooth skin. 

homalographic (hom-al-o-graf-ik) [6p,a\6s, level; 
ypa<puv, to write]. Pertaining to homolography. 
h. method, a method of showing the structure of the 
body by means of plane sections of a frozen body. 

homalography (hom-al-og'-ra-fe) [6/iaX6s, level; 
ypa<t>eu>, to record]. Anatomy by sections; the 
representation of structure by means of sketches of 
various sections. 

homalometopus (hom-al-o-met-o'-pus) [6p,a\6s, flat; 
fieTuirov, the space between the eyes]. Lissauer's 
term for a skull having a frontal angle between 
130.5 and 141 . 

homalopisthocranius (hom-al-o-pis-tho-kra'-ne-us) 
[6/xaXoj, flat; oiuoOev, behind; upavlov, the skull]. 
Lissauer's term for a skull in which the angle formed 
by lines joining the external occipital protuberance 
and the occipital point with the highest point of the 
skull is between 140 and 154°. 

homalosternal (hom-al-o-ster'-nal) [6p.a\6s, even, 
level; arkpvov, sternum]. In biology, having a 
raftlike or keelless sternum; as certain birds. 

homaluranus (hom-al-u-ra'-nus) [d/iaXos, flat; 
oiipa, a tail]. Lissauer's term for a skull in which 
the angle formed by lines joining the occipital point 
and the bregma with the highest point of the skull 
is between 147. 5° and 163. 5 . 

homatropine (ho-mat'-ro-pen), C16H21NO3. An 
alkaloid derived from atropine. It causes dilation 
of the pupil and paralysis of accommodation as does 
atropine, but its effects pass off more quickly — 
usually in two or three days. The hydrobromide is 
the salt generally employed, h. hydrobromide 
(homatropince hydrobromidum, U. S. P.), C16H21NO3 .- 
HBr, white crystals used as a^mydriatic and in the 
night-sweats of tuberculosis! Dose t^u-bV gr. 
(0.0005-0.0011 Gm.); maximum dose, single, 50 gr. 
(0.001 Gm.). Application, 1 % solution. 

homaxonial, homaxonic (hom-aks-on'-e-al, hom-aks- 
on'-ik) [homo-; a£o>v, axis]. Having equal axes. 

Home's lobe [Sir Everard Home, English surgeon, 
1763-1832]. A small, glandular structure sometimes 
seen between the caput gallinaginis and the sphincter 
vesicae. It represents the third lobe of the prostate 
and may become considerably enlarged in old people. 

homedric (hom-ed'-rik) [homo-; Upa, a base]. 
Having equal facets. 

homeo- (ho-me-o) [S^ows, like], A prefix signi- 
fying likeness. 

homeochronjus (ho-me-ok' -ro-nus) [homeo-; xpovos, 
time]. 1. Similar in time or periodicity. 2. In true 
onteogenetic sequence; appearing in proper order or 
time. 

homeocyte (ho'-me-o-sit) [homeo-; kvtos, cell]. 
Same as lymphocyte. 

homeomerous (ho-me-om'-er-us) [homeo-; ixkpos, 
part]. In biology, having given organs or parts 
distributed uniformly throughout. 

homeomorphous (ho-me-o-mor'-fus) [homeo-; p.op<pr\, 
form]. Like or similar in form and structure. 

homeo-osteoplasty (ho-me-o-os' -te-o-plas-te) [homeo- ; 
borkov, bone; irXaaaeiv, to mold]. The grafting of a 
piece of bone similar to that upon which it is grafted. 

homeopath (ho'-me-o-path) [see homeopathy], 
Homeopathist. 

homeopathic (ho-me-o-path' -ik) [see homeopathy]. 
Relating to homeopathy. 

homeopathist (ho-me-op'-ath-ist) [see homeopathy], 
A practitioner of homeopathy. 

homeopathy (ho-me-op'-ath-e) [homeo-; iraBos, 
ailment or disease] . A system of treatment of disease 
by the use of agents that, administered in health, 
would produce symptoms similar to those for the 
relief of which they are given. 



homeoplasia {ho-me-o-pla'-ze-ah) [homeo-; irXaaaetv , 
to shape]. The growth of tissue resembling the 
normal tissue, or matrix, in its form and properties; 
also the tissue so formed. 

homeoplastic (ho-me-o-plas'-tik) [homeo-; irXaaaeiv, 
to form]. Pertaining to a neoplasm resembling its 
matrix-tissue in texture. One differing widely in 
this respect is heteroplastic. If separated in posi- 
tion, it is said to be heterotopic; in date, hetero- 
chronic. 

homeoplasty (ho'-me-o-plas-te). See homeoplasia. 

homeosemous (hom-e-o-se'-mus) [homeo-; <rr)p,eloi>, 
a sign]. Similar in import: applied to symptoms. 

homeosis, or homoiosis (ho-me-o' -sis, or ho-moi- 
o'-sis) [homeo-]. The assimilation of nutrient ma- 
terial. 

homeotherapeutics (ho-me-o-ther-ap-u'-liks) [ho- 
meo-; Bepairtbeiv, to treat]. The homeopathic 
doctrine of therapeutics. 

homeothermal, or homoiothermal (ho-me-o-ther'- 
mal, ho-moi-o-ther'-mal) [homeo-; dkpurj, heat]. Per- 
taining to animals that are "warm-blooded," or 
that maintain a uniform temperature despite vari- 
ation in the surrounding temperature. 

homeothermy (ho-me-o-ther'-me) [homeo-; dkppL-q, 
heat]. The condition of having a temperature which 
is not affected by environment. 

homesickness (hom'-sik-nes). Nostalgia. An 
urgent desire to return to one's home. It may be 
accompanied by a morbid sluggishness of the func- 
tions of the various organs of the body, and may 
develop into profound melancholy. 

homicidal (hom-is-i'-dal) [homo, a man; cczdere, to 
kill]. Pertaining to homicide, h. mania, insanity 
characterized by murderous impulses. 

homicide (hom'-is-ld) [homo, a man; cczdere, to 
kill]. The killing of a human being without malice 
or intent, as distinguished from murder or man- 
slaughter. Also, the taking of human life in general 
by another. Also, one who takes the life of another. 

homiculture (ho'-mik-ul-chur) [homo, man; cultura, 
culture]. The improvement of the human species by 
attention to the laws of breeding; stirpiculture. 

homo- (ho-mo-). See homeo-. 

homoarecoline (ho-mo-ar-ek'-o-len), C7Hio(C2Hs)- 
NO2. The ethyl ether of arecaidine (q. v.). A 
yellowish liquid soluble in water or alcohol. The 
hydrobromide forming colorless soluble crystals 
melting at no° C. is recommended as a substitute 
for arecoline. 

homoblastic (ho-mo-blas'-tik) [homo-; /JXatrros, a 
bud, germ]. In biology, derived from like germs or 
cells. 

homocentric (ho-mo-sen'-trik) [homo-; Kkvrpov, 
center]. Concentric; having the same center, h. 
rays, light rays that have a common focus or are 
parallel. 

homocerebrin (ho-mo-ser' -e-brin) [homo-; cerebrum]. 
A substance derived from brain tissue, closely 
resembling cerebrin, but more soluble in alcohol. 

homochronous (ho-mok 1 -ro-nus) [homo-; xpovos, 
time]. Occurring at the same age or period in 
successive generations. 

homocladic (ho-mo-klad'-ik) [homo-; kXoSoj, 
branch]. Referring to an anastomosis between twigs 
of the same artery. 

homodont (ho'-mo-dont) [homo-; 656us, tooth]. 
In biology, having the teeth alike throughout. 

homoeo- (ho-me-o-). For words thus beginning see 
homeo-. 

homogeneity (ho-mo-jen-e'-it-e) [homo-; yevos, a 
kind]. The condition of being homogeneous. 

homogeneous (ho-mo-je'-ne-us) [homo-; y&os, 
kind]. Having the same nature or qualities; of 
uniform character in all parts. 

homogenesis (ho-mo-jen'-es-is) [homo-: ykve<ns, 
birth]. Reproduction in which the offspring passes 
through the same cycle of changes as the parent itself. 

homogenization (ho-mo-jen-iz-a'-shun) [homo-; 
ytwav, to produce]. The act or process of rendering 
or of becoming homogeneous; reduction to a common 
standard; the process of rendering the objects of 
microscopic study transparent and fixed. 

homogenous (ho-moj'-en-us). Pertaining to ho- 
mogeny. 

homogentisic acid (hom-o-jen-tis'-ik). See acid. 

homogeny (ho-moj'-en-e) [6p.oyei>eris, of the same 
race or family]. In biology, an agreement among 
organisms depending on the inheritance of a common 
part or having a common ancestor. See homogenesis. 



HOMOIO 



432 



HORISMASCOPE 



homoio- (ho-moi-o-). For words thus beginning, 
see homeo-. 

homoiosis (ho-moi-o' -sis). See homeosis. 

homoio thermal (ho-moi-o-ther'-mal). i. Warm- 
blooded. 2. Maintaining a uniform temperature. 

homolateral (ho-mo-lat'-er-al) [homo-; latus, side]. 
On or pertaining to the same side. 

homologue, homolog (ho' -mo-log) [homo-; X6?os, 
proportion]. An organ which has the same relative 
structure, position, or development as another. 
The same organ in different organisms under every 
variety of form and function. 

homologous (ho-mol'-o-gus) [see homologue]. Corre- 
sponding in structure, either directly or as referred 
to a fundamental type. In chemistry, being of the 
same type or series; differing by a multiple or an 
arithmetical ratio in certain constituents, h. tissues, 
those identical in type of structure, h. tumor, 
a tumor consisting of tissue identical with that of 
the organ whence it springs, h. vaccine, one derived 
from the microorganism infesting the person to be 
immunized; autogenous vaccine. 

homology (ho-mol'-o-je) [see homologue]. The 
quality of being homologous; also, the morphological 
identity of parts or organs in different animals. 

homomerous (ho-mom' -er-us) [homo-; nkpos, a 
part]. Having the parts alike. 

homomorphism (ho-mo-mor'-fizm) [homo-; p.op4>i], 
form]. In biology, superficial resemblance, without 
true homology; mimicry or adaptive resemblance. 

homomorphous (ho-mo-mor'-fus) [homo-; p.op<f>ri, 
f orm] . In biology, exhibiting superficial resemblance, 
but not truly homologous. 

homonomous (ho-mon' -o-mus) [homo-; voptos, law]. 
Governed by or under the same law. 

homonym (hom'-o-nim) [homo-; ovona, name]. 
That which is homonymous. 

homonymous (ho-mon' -im-us) [homo-; 6vop.a, a 
name]. 1. Having the same sound or name; having 
the same relative position, h. diplopia, a form of 
diplopia in which the image seen by the right eye 
is on the right side and that seen by the left eye is 
on the left side. h. hemianopia. See hemianopia, 
homonymous. 

homophonous (ho-mof'-on-us) [homo-; tpuvi), a 
sound]. Relating to words spelled differently but 
indistinguishable in sound; it is applied to different 
conceptions. 

homoplasmic (ho-mo-plaz'-mik). Same as homo- 
plastic. 

homoplasmy (ho'-mo-plaz-me) [homo-; irXatrtia, a 
thing moulded]. In biology, homoplastic or homo- 
morphic, i. e., showing mimetic resemblances. 

homoplast (ho'-mo-plast) [homo-; ir\a<rr6s, formed, 
moulded]. In biology. 1. One of any aggregate 
or fusion of plastids. 2. An organ or part showing 
mere superficial or mimetic resemblance to another. 

homoplastic (ho-mo-plas'-tik) [homo-; irXatrros, 
formed]. Applied to new growths in which there 
has been no cytomorphosis, the cells resembling those 
of the parent tissue, as in angioma and glioma. 

homoplastid (ho-mo-plas'-tid) [homo-; irXkaaeiv, to 
form]. An organism each cell of which is endowed 
with the power of reproducing the species. 

homoquinine (ho'-mo-kwin-en), C19H22N2O2. A 
crystalline alkaloid soluble in alcohol or chloroform, 
found in the bark of Cinchona pedunculata, and 
Remijia purdieana. 

homosexual (ho-mo-seks'-u-al) [homo-; sexus, sex]. 
Pertaining to the same sex. 

homosexuality (ho-mo-seks-u-aV -it-e) [homo-; sexu- 
alis, of a sex]. That form of sexual perversion, 
acquired or congenital, in which the individual 
conceives a violent sexual passion for one of the 
same sex, and gratifies it either by sodomy, by 
titillation, or platonically. 

homostimulant (ho-mo-stim'-u-lant). A term used 
to indicate the particular action which organic ex- 
tracts and lipoids exert upon the organs to which 
they correspond. See Hallion's law. 

homothermal (ho-mo-ther'-mal) [homo- ; Bkpp,t\, 
heat]. Warm-blooded. 

homothermic (ho-mo-ther'-mik) [homo-; Qkpp.i\, 
heat]. Haying a uniform temperature. 

homotonic (ho-mo-ton'-ik) [homo-; rbvos, tone; 
tension]. Having a uniform or even course. 

homotype (ho' -mo-tip) [homo-; tvitos, a pattern]. 
A part corresponding and similar to another part, as 
the humerus to the femur. 



homotypical (ho-mo-tip'-ik-al) [homo-; t6xos, type]. 
In biology, showing serial correspondence or bilateral 
symmetry. 

homunculus (ho-mun'-ku-lus) [L., dim. of homo, 
man]. The fetus; a dwarf. 

Honduras bark (hon-du'-ras). Cascara amarga. 

honey (hun'-e). See mel. 

honorarium (on-or-a'-re-um) [L.]. A professional 
fee; especially one that is in theory a gift, no formal 
professional charge having been made. 

honthin, hontin (hon'-thin, -tin) [named from the 
town of the discoverer]. A proprietary, odorless, 
tasteless preparation, said to consist of tannin, 
albumin, and keratin; an intestinal astringent. 
Dose 8-20 gr. (0.5-1.3 Gm.) 2 or 3 times daily; 
infants, 4-5 gr. (0.25-0.32 Gm.) 4 times daily. 

hoof. The casing of hard, horny substance 
that sheathes the ends of the digits or in cases the 
foot in many animals, h.-bound, in farriery, having 
a dryness and contraction of the hoof, resulting in 
pain and lameness. This condition is also called 
contracted heels. 

hoof-and-mouth disease. See foot-and-mouth dis- 
ease. 

hook [AS., hoc], A curved instrument, h., blunt, 
an instrument for exercising traction upon the 
fetus in an arrested breech presentation. h.s, 
Malgaigne's. See Malgaigne's h.s. h., Tyrrel's. See 
Tyrrel's h. 

hook-worm. Same as Ankylostoma duodenale and 
Uncinaria americana, q. v. h. disease, uncinariasis, 
ankylostomiasis. 

Hooper's pill (hoop'-er) [John Hooper, English 
apothecary, 18th century]. A pill containing aloes, 
crystallized sulphate of iron, extract of hellebore, 
myrrh, soap, canella, and ginger. 

hooping-cough (hoop'-ing-kof). See whooping- 
cough, pertussis. 

hoose (hooz) [ME., hose, hoarse]. Sheep-cough. 
A disease of sheep, lambs, etc., due to the presence 
of Strongylus jilaria, a nematode worm, in the lungs 
and air-passages, and characterized by a husky cough, 
anorexia, dry muzzle, constipation, and dyspnea. 

hoove, hooven (hoov, hoov'-en) [dial., hooven]. 
Distention of the stomach of a ruminant animal 
with gas, caused by the fermentation of food. It is 
generally due to eating too much green food. 

hop. See humulus. 

Hope's camphor mixture [John Hope, English 
physician, 1725-1786]. A mixture containing nitric 
acid, camphor-water^ and tincture of opium. It is 
used in the treatment of serous or choleraic diarrhea. 
H.'s sign, double cardiac beat noted in aneurysm of 
the aorta. 

Hopmann's polyp. Papillary hypertrophy of the 
nasal mucous membrane, presenting the appearance 
of a papilloma. 

hopogan (hop'-o-gan). The commercial name for a 
peroxide of magnesium. 

Hoppe-Goldfiam's symptom-complex (hop'-er-gold'- 
flam) [Johann Ignaz Hoppe, Swiss physiologist, 
1811-1891; S. Goldfiam]. Myasthenia gravis; see 
Erb's disease. 

Hoppe-Seyler's test for carbon monoxide in blood 
(hop'-er-zi'-ler) [Ernst Felix Immanuel Hoppe-Seyler, 
German physiologist, 1825-1895]. Add to the blood 
twice its volume of caustic soda solution of 1.3 
specific gravity. Ordinary blood thus treated is a 
dingy brown mass which, when spread out on porce- 
lain, has a shade of green. Blood containing carbon 
monoxide, under the same conditions, appears as a 
red mass which, if spread on porcelain, shows a 
beautiful red color. H.S.'s test for xanthin, add the 
xanthin to a mixture of a solution of sodium hydroxide 
and chloride of lime in a porcelain dish; at first a 
dark-green ring, which quickly turns brown and 
disappears, forms about each xanthin grain. 

hordein (hor'-de-in) [hordeum, barley]. A mixture 
of a protein with starch-cellulose; it exists in barley- 
starch, but is not soluble. 

hordeolum (hor-de'-o-lum) [hordeum]. A sty; a 
furuncular inflammation of the connective tissue of 
the lids, near a hair-follicle, h. externum. See 
Zeissian sty. h. internum. See Meibomian sty. 

hordeum (hor'-de-um) [L.]. Barley. 

horehound (hor'-hownd). See marrubium. 

horismascope (hor-iz'-mah-skop) [6pi<rp,a, a deter- 
mination; CKoirelv, to examine]. An instrument 
designed for the detection of albumin, peptones, 
biliary constituents, etc., in urine. 



HORIZONTAL 



433 



HUCKLE-BONE 



horizontal (hor-iz-on'-tal) [6pi$o>v, the horizon]. 
Parallel to the horizon. Referring to planes at right 
angles to vertical planes. 

Horlick's food (hor'-lik). A food for infants. Its 
composition is: Water, 3-39; fat, 0.08; grape-sugar, 
34.09; cane-sugar, 12.45; no starch; soluble carbo- 
hydrates, 87.20; albuminoids, 6.71; ash, 1.28. 

hormion (hor'-me-on) [bpn-q, the first]. See cranio- 
metric points. 

hormonadin (hor-mon'-ad-in). Trade name for a 
pancreatic solution without the enzymes. 

hormonal (hor'-mo-nal). Trade name of a prepara- 
tion made from the spleen, and said to stimulate 
intestinal peristalsis. It has been used in constipa- 
tion. 

hormone (hor'-mon) [6p/idw, I set in motion, arouse]. 
A chemical substance produced in a more or less 
distant organ which, passing into the blood-stream 
and reaching a functionally associated organ, is 
capable of exciting the latter to activity. » 

hormonopoiesis (hor-mo-no-poi-e'-sis) [hormone-; 
7Toi»?<ns, a making]. Hormone producing. 

hormonopoietic (hor-mo-no-poi-et'-ic) [hormone-; 
voi7]n.K6s, productive]. Pertaining to hormono- 
poiesis. 

hormotone (hor' -mo-ton). A preparation con- 
taining hormones of the thyroid, pituitary, ovary, 
testis, pancreas and spleen. 

horn. 1. A substance composed chiefly of keratin. 
2. Cornu. 

Horner's disease (hor'-ner) [William Edmunds 
Horner, American anatomist, 1793-1853]. A slight 
ptosis accompanied by miosis, retraction of the 
eyeball, and flushing of the face of the same side, 
in destructive lesions of the cervical sympathetic. 
H.'s muscle, the tensor tarsi. H.'s ptosis. See H.'s 
disease. H.'s teeth, incisor teeth presenting hori- 
zontal grooves that are due to a deficiency of 
enamel. 

horny (hor'-ne) [horn]. Composed of or resembling 
horn. h. epithelium, horny granulations in trachoma. 
h. layer, the stratum corneum of the skin. 

horopter (hor-op'-ter) [5pos, boundary; dirrrip, an 
observer]. The sum of all the points seen singly by 
the two retina? while the fixation-point remains 
stationary. 

horopteric (hor-op-ter'-ik) [8pos, boundary; dirrrip 
observer]. Pertaining to an horopter. 

horrida cutis (hor'-id-ah ku'-tis) [L.]. Goose-skin. 
Cutis anserina. 

horripilation (hor-ip-il-a'-shun) [horrere, to stand 
on end; pilus, the hair]. Erection of the hairs of 
the skin produced by the contraction of the arrectores 
pili muscles. 

horror autotoxicus (hor'-or aw-to-toks'-ik-us). Ehr- 
lich's term for the non-production of antibodies by 
an animal against its own tissue cells. 

horrors (hor'-orz) [horror, a shaking, terror]. A 
popular name for delirium tremens, q. v. 

horse-chestnut. See ALsculus hippocastanum. 

horse-distemper. Influenza. 

horse-doctor. A farrier; a veterinary surgeon. 
' horse-drench. A dose of physic for a horse. 

horse-foot. See talipes equinus. 

horse-leech. A laige leech, the Hamopis of 
S. Europe and N. Africa; also a horse-doctor. 

horse-power. See unit. 

horse-pox. 1. A pustular disease of horses, which, 
communicated to cows, produces cow-pox. It is 
also called pustular grease. 2. See coitus disease. 

horse-radish (hors'-rad-ish). The plant, Cochlearia 
armoracia, of the order Cruciferce. The root (armo- 
racice radix, B. P.) contains a volatile oil, and is a 
gastric stimulant and diuretic. It is chiefly used as 
a condiment, but has been employed in medicine in 
dropsy, chronic rheumatism, and scurvy. Dose of 
the root \ dr. (2 Gm.) or more. 

horse-shoe fistula. A name applied to a fistulous 
tract surrounding the rectum in a semicircle, either 
in front or behind. 

horse-shoe hymen. See hymen. 

horseshoe-kidney. A kidney having somewhat 
the shape of a horseshoe, due to a fusion of the two 
kidneys at one of their ends, usually the lower. 

horseshoe-magnet. A magnet bent in the shape 
of a horseshoe. 

horse-sickness. See anthrax. 

horse-tail. See Equisetum. 

horseweed. 1. Callinsonia canadensis, an in- 
digenous plant, the root of which (in decoction) is 



used in cystitis, leukorrhea, dropsy, gravel, etc. 
2. Erigeron canadense. 

horsikin (hor' -sik-iri) . A model used in teaching 
the anatomy and surgery of the horse. 

horsine (hors'-in). A French preparation said to 
be made from the juice of the muscle fibres of the 
horse. It has been given in tuberculosis. 

Horsley's method (hors'-le) [Sir Victor Alexander 
Haden Horsley, English surgeon, 1857- ]. A 
method of determining the position of the fissure of 
Rolando by means of an instrument called a cyrto- 
meter, encircling the head, and having an arm fixed 
at an angle of 67 °, which indicates the position of the 
fissure. H.'s test, a test for glucose. The urine 
rendered alkaline is boiled with potassium bichromate; 
if sugar is present, a green color is developed. H.'s 
wax, a compound of phenol 1, oil 2, and wax 7, used 
to plug the diploe in case of hemorrhage from the 
skull. 

hospital (hos'-pit-al) [hospes, a guest]. A building 
for the care and treatment of sick or infirm persons. 
h. fever, fever in hospitals due to unsanitary con- 
ditions, h. gangrene, a contagious, phagedenic 
gangrene occasionally attacking wounds or open 
sores. It is confined mainly to military hospitals, 
and is of microbic origin. 

hospitalism (Jios'-pit-al-izm) [hospital]. The morbid 
conditions arising from the gathering of diseased 
persons in a hospital. 

host (host) [hostis, a stranger; a landlord]. The 
organic body upon which parasites live. 

hot [ME.]. Having or yielding the sensation of 
heat; stimulating; biting, h.-air bath. See bath, 
hot-air. h.-air treatment, the local application of 
superheated dry air, the affected part being introduced 
into a cylinder or chamber, h. bath. See bath, hot. 
h. drops, a term for the tincture of capsicum and 
myrrh, h. eye, congestion of the eye attending gout. 

Hottentot apron. See apron, Hottentot. H. de- 
formity. See steatopygia. 

hottentotism (hot' -en-tot-izm) . An extreme form of 
congenital stammering. 

hough (hok). Hock; the lower part of the thigh. 

hour-glass contraction. A contraction of a hollow 
organ, as the uterus or stomach, near the middle, 
producing a condition resembling an hour-glass. 

house disease. Consumption. 

housemaid's knee. A chronic inflammation of the 
bursa in front of the patella with an accumulation of 
serous fluid. 

house-physician. The resident physician in a 
hospital. 

house-surgeon. The resident surgeon in a hos- 
pital. 

Houston's folds or valves (hows'-tun) [John 
Houston, Irish surgeon, 1802-1845]. Oblique folds, 
three in number, of the mucous membrane of the 
rectum. H.'s muscle, the compressor venae dorsalis 
penis, a fasciculus of the ischiocavernosus, which 
passes over the dorsum of the penis to join its fellow 
of the opposite side. 

hove, hoven (hov, ho'-ven). See hoove. 

Hovius' canal. See Fontana's canal. H.'s mem- 
brane. See membrana ruyschiana. H.'s plexus, H.'s 
vascular circle. See Leber's plexus. 

Howard's method of artificial respiration (how'-ard) 
[Benjamin Douglas Howard, American physician, 
1840-1900]. The patient is placed on his back, 
with his head lower than his abdomen, and pressure 
is exerted upon the lower ribs every few seconds. 

Howship's lacuna? (how'-ship) [John Howship, 
English surgeon, died 1841]. H.'s pits, minute 
depressions or pits in bone undergoing absorption, 
produced by the action of osteoclasts. 

Howship-Romberg's sign. See Romberg's sign. 

h. s. Abbreviation for hora so mni [L.]. Bedtime. 

Ht. Abbreviation for total hyperopia. 

Huchard's disease (hoo-shar') [Henri Huchard, 
French physician, 1844-1910]. Excessive arterial 
tension due to a spasm of the vasoconstrictors, and 
which, according to Huchard, causes general arterio- 
sclerosis. H.'s sign, the difference in the pulse 
between the standing and recumbent posture is less 
in persons with arterial hypertension, and may even 
be the reverse of that of the normal condition. 
H.'s treatment, a method of treating dilatation of 
the stomach by almost excluding liquids from the 
diet. 

huckle-bone (huk'-l-bon) [ME., huccle-bone, the 
astragalus]. The astragalus, q. v. 



HUDSON'S APPARATUS 



434 



HUYGENIAN OCULAR 



Hudson's apparatus. An apparatus to support 
the fingers and hands in the treatment of wrist-drop. 

Huebl's sign. An early sign of pregnancy, con- 
sisting in an abnormal thinness and compressibility 
of the lower segment of the uterus as compared with 
that part above the insertion of the sacrouterine 
ligaments, the bimanual examination being carried 
out with one finger in the rectum. 

Hueck's ligament (hick) [Alexander Friedrich 
Hueck, German anatomist, 1802-1842]. The pecti- 
nate ligament of the iris. 

Hueter's bandage (he'-ter) [Carl Hueter, German 
surgeon, 1838-1882]. A spica bandage for the 
perineum. H.'s sign, absence of transmission of 
osseous vibration in cases of fracture with fibrous 
interposition between the fragments. 

Huguier's canal (hoo-ge-a') [Pierre Charles Huguier, 
French surgeon, 1804-1873]- A small canal in the 
temporal bone running parallel to the Glaserian 
fissure and transmitting the chorda tympani. H.'s 
circle, the anastomosis formed by the branches of 
the uterine arteries around the uterus, at the junction 
of the body with the cervix. It is not constant. 
H.'s disease. 1. Hypertrophic elongation of the 
supravaginal portion of the cervix uteri. 2. Lupus 
of the vulva. Syn., . Esthiomene de la vulve. H.'s 
glands. See Bartholin, glands of. H.'s operation. 
A method of performing colotomy: the right lumbar 
operation. 

hum, venous. A peculiar sound heard in the 
large veins of the neck in some cases of anemia. 
Syn., bruit de diable. 

humanized (hu'-man-lzd) . Applied to viruses which 
have passed through a human being. 

humectant (hu-mek'-tant) [humectare, to make 
moist]. 1. Moistening; like a poultice; diluent. 
2. A diluent; a substance used to moisten. 

humectation (hu-mek-ta'-shun) [see humectant]. 
The act of moistening. 

humeral (hu'-mer-al) [humerus]. Pertaining to 
the humerus. 

humeren (hil'-mer-en) [humerus]. Belonging to the 
humerus in itself. 

humerus (hu'-mer-us) [L.]. The bone of the 
upper arm. 

humid (hu'-mid) [humidus, moist]. Moist; damp. 
h. gangrene. See gangrene, h. tellter. See eczema. 

humidity (hu-mid'-it-e) [humor]. The state or 
quality of being moist; moisture; dampness, h., 
absolute, the actual amount of water present in the 
air at any moment, h., relative, the relative amount 
of water present in air as compared to what the air 
would contain at the existing temperature were its 
condition that of saturation. 

humming-top murmur or sound. See hum, venous. 

humor (hu'-mor) [L., "moisture"]. 1. Any fluid 
or semifluid part of the body. 2. Disposition; 
temperament, as the four humors of Galen — the 
choleric, melancholic, phlegmatic, and sanguine. 
h., aqueous, the transparent fluid of the anterior 
chamber of the eye. h., crystalline. See lens, 
crystalline, h., vitreous, the transparent, gelatin- 
like substance filling the greater part of the globe 
of the eye. 

humoral (hu'-mor-al) [humor]. Pertaining to the 
natural fluids of the body. h. pathology, that system 
of pathology according to which all diseases result 
from a disordered or abnormal condition of the fluids 
or humors of the body. h. reflex, functional activity 
due to the action of a hormone, h. theory, that 
theory which ascribes the production of immunity 
to the antitoxic or bactericidal action of the fluids of 
the body. 

humoralism, humorism (hic'-mor-al-izm, hu'-mor- 
izm). Same as humoral pathology. 

humpback, hunchback (hump'-bak, hunch' -bak). 
See kyphosis. 

humulin (hu'-mu-lin) [humulus, hop]. 1. The 
same as lupulin. 2. A concentrated preparation 
from the tincture and decoction of hops. 

humulus (hu'-mu-lus) [L.]. Hops. The humulus 
of the U. S. P. is the fruit-cones or strobiles of H. 
lupulus, which yield a powder, lupulin, a volatile 
oil, and tannin. Hops are tonic and slightly narcotic, 
and are used internally in dyspepsia, delirium tremens, 
and insomnia; locally, as emollient poultices. Dose 
of the tincture 1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc). 

humus (hu'-mus) [L., the earth, ground, soil]. 
A dark material from decaying vegetable matter. 



Hungarian disease (hung-ga'-re-an) [Hungary]. 
Synonym of typhus fever. 

hunger (hung'-ger) [AS., hungor]. A condition 
marked by a sensation of emptiness of the stomach, 
with a longing for food, h., air-, severe dyspnea or 
breathlessness. h.-cure, treatment by restricted diet. 

Hunt's syndrome [James Ramsay Hunt, American 
neurologist, 1872- ]. 1. A combination of facial 
paralysis, earache and herpes, found when both the 
motor and the sensory fibers of the seventh cranial 
nerve are diseased. 2. An intention tremor begin- 
ning in one extremity, and gradually spreading to 
other parts of the body, at the same time increasing 
in intensity, denotes progressive cerebellar disturb- 
ance. 

Hunter's canal (hun'-ter) [1. John Hunter, Eng- 
lish surgeon, 1728-1793; 2. William Hunter, English 
anatomist, 1718-1783]. [1]. A triangular canal 
formed in the adductor magnus muscle of the thigh; 
it transmits the femoral artery and vein and internal 
saphenous nerve. H.'s gubernaculum. [2]. See 
gubernaculum testis. H.'s ligament, the round liga- 
ment of the uterus. H.'s line, [2] the linea alba. 
H.'s method, [1] a method of treating aneurysm by 
ligating the artery on the proximal side of the sac. 
H.'s operation, [1] for aneurysm: ligation of the 
artery on the cardiac side of the aneurysm at some 
distance from it. 

Hunteri membrana caduca. The decidua. 

Hunterian chancre. See chancre, Hunterian. 

Huntington's chorea (hun' -ting-tun) [George Hunt- 
ington, American physician, 1850- ]. A heredi- 
tary affection of adult or middle life, characterized 
by irregular movements, disturbance of speech, and 
gradual dementia. 

Hunyadi Janos (hoon-yah'-de yah'-nos) [from the 
name of the Hungarian national hero, otherwise 
called John Corvinus]. An aperient mineral water 
from Buda-Pesth, in Hungary, containing sulphates 
of magnesium, potassium and sodium, sodium chloride 
and carbonate, iron oxide, and alumina. It is an 
effective laxative or cathartic. 

Huppert's reaction for bile-pigments. After the 
solution has been treated with milk of lime or with a 
solution of calcium chloride, precipitate with am- 
monia; filter and wash the precipitate, treat with 
alcohol acidified with sulphuric acid, and boil; the 
liquid will assume a green color. 

Huschke's canal (hoosh'-ker) [Emil Huschke, 
German anatomist, 1797-1913]. A canal formed by 
the junction of the tubercles of the annulus tympani- 
cus. This is generally obliterated after the fifth 
year, but may persist through life. H.'s cartilage. 
See Jacobson's cartilage. H.'s foramen, a perforation 
often found near the inner extremity of the tympanic 
plate; it results from an arrest of development. 
H.'s teeth, the serrated projections on the inner 
wall of the lamina spiralis of the cochlea, roofing 
over the internal spiral sulcus. Syn., crista spiralis. 
H.'s valve. See Rosenmueller' s valve. 

Hutchinson's disease (hutsh'-in-sun) [Sir Jonathan 
Hutchinson, English surgeon, 1828-1913]. See 
Tay's choroiditis. H.'s facies, the peculiar facial' 
expression caused by immobility of the eyeballs in 
ophthalmoplegia externa. H.'s patch, a reddish 
(salmon-colored) patch of the cornea in syphilitic 
keratitis. H.'s prurigo, the prurigo of dentition. 
H.'s pupil, a dilated pupil on the injured side in 
traumatic meningeal hemorrhage. H.'s teeth, peg- 
shaped incisor teeth, notched at the cutting-edge, 
frequently seen in congenital syphilis. H.'s theory, 
attributes the origin of leprosy to the eating of fish 
too continuously or in too great quantities. H.'s 
triad, pathognomonic of hereditary syphilis — (1) 
diffuse interstitial keratitis; (2) disease of the laby- 
rinth; (3) Hutchinson's teeth. 

huttoning (hut' -on-ing) [after Hutton, the inven- 
tor]. A method of manipulating a luxated joint, 
introduced by one Hutton, a bone-setter. 

Huxham's tincture (huks'-ham) [John Huxham, 
English physician, 1692-1768]. See cinchona, tinc- 
ture of, compound. 

Huxley's layer, H.'s membrane, H.'s sheath 
[Thomas Henry Huxley, English biologist, 1825- 
1895]. A layer of nucleated, elongated, polygonal 
cells lying within Henle's layer of the inner root- 
sheath of hairs. 

Huygenian ocular (hi-ge'-ne-an) [Christian Huy- 
gens, Dutch physicist, 1629-1695]- A lens con- 
sisting of two planoconvex lenses, the convexities 



HYAL 



435 



HYDRARGYRIA 



being directed toward the objective; the lower lens 
is the field-lens, the upper, the eye-lens. 

hyal (hi'-al). See hyoid. 

hyalin (hi'-al-in) [OaXos, glass]. i. The generic 
term for the soluble substances obtained from 
hyalogens by the action of alkalies or superheated 
water. 2. A translucent substance forming the 
walls of hydatid cysts. 

hyaline (hi'-al-in) [see hyalin], ^ Resembling glass, 
crystalline, translucent, h. cartilage. See cartilage, 
hyaline, h. cast, h. cylinder, a clear, nearly trans- 
parent urinary tube-cast. h. degeneration. See de- 
generation, hyaline. 

hyalinosis (hi-al-in-o'-sis) [vaXos, glass]. Hyaline 
or waxy degeneration. 

hyahnuria (hi-al-in-u'-re-ah) [hyalin; ovpov, urine]. 
The presence of hyalin or hyaline casts in the urine. 

hyalitis (hi-al-i'-tis) [hyaloid; ins, inflammation]. 
Inflammation of the hyaloid membrane of the 
vitreous humor. 

hyalo- (hi-al-o-) [DaXos, glass]. A prefix meaning: 
1. Transparent, 2. Relating to hyalin. 

hyalogen (hi-al'-o-jen) [hyalo-; yewdv, to produce]. 
1. Generic term for insoluble substances resembling 
mucin, found in the walls of hydatid cysts, the vitre- 
ous humor, tubercles, etc.; the mother-substance of 
hyalin. 2. An albuminoid found in cartilage. It is 
readib r changed into hyalin. 

hyaloid (hi'-al-oid) [hyalo-; eUos, like]. Trans- 
parent; glass-like. h. artery, a branch of the arteria 
centralis retinae in the embryo, traversing the vitreous 
humor to the posterior capsule of the lens. h. canal, 
the canal in the vitreous humor transmitting the 
hyaloid artery, h. fossa, the depression for the 
crystalline lens. h. membrane, a delicate, trans- 
parent membrane surrounding the vitreous humor, 
except in front, where it becomes fibrous and strong 
and forms a leaflet of the zonule of Zinn. 

hyaloiditis (hi-al-oid-i'-tis). See hyalitis. 

hyaloma (hi-al-o' -mah) [hyalo-; 6^o, a tumor]. 
The conversion of the eye into a hyaline mass. 

hyalomitome, hyalotome (hi-al-om'-it-om), hi-al'- 
o-tom). See paramitome. 

hyalomucoid (hi-al-o-mii'-koid) [hyalo-; mucus; 
elSos, likeness]. A mucoid found in the fluid of the 
vitreous humor. 

hyalonyxis (hi-al-o-niks'-is) [hyalo-; vvfa, a 
pricking]. Puncture of the vitreous body of the 
eye. 

hyalophagia (hi-al-o-fa'-je-ah) [hyalo-; <f>ayelv, to 
eat]. The practice of eating glass, sometimes seen 
among insane persons. 

hyaloplasm (hi'-al-o-plazm) [hyalo-; ir\6.<rna, plasm]. 
The fluid portion of the protoplasm of a living cell. 

hyaloserositis (hi-al-o-se-ro-si'-tis) [hyalo-; serosa; 
ltis, inflammation]. Chronic* inflammation of the 
serous membranes with formation of a dense, fibrous 
hyaline investment in certain regions. 

hyalosome (hi'-al-o-som) [hyalo-; acbfia, body]. 
A body resembling a nucleolus, but staining slightly 
by either nuclear or plasmatic dyes. 

hyboma (hi-bo'-mah) [i>/36s, humpbacked]. Hump- 
back, gibbosity. 

hybometer (hi-bom'-et-er) [vfios, humpbacked; 
ukrpov, a measure]. An apparatus for measuring 
pathological gibbosities. 

hybrid (hi'-brid) [v&pis, insult]. The offspring of 
two individuals of distinct but closely related species. 

hybridism, or hybridity (hi'-brid-izm, hi-brid' -it-e) 
[u£pis, insult]. Cross-breeding; mixture of races; 
the combination of various diseases. 

hybridization (hi-brid-iz-a' -shun) . Cross-breeding. 

hydaleous (hi-da'-le-us) [iiSaXeos, watery]. Drop- 
sical. 

hydantoin (hi-dan-to'-in), C3H4N2O2. Glycolyl 
urea. A crystalline^ubstance derived from allantoin 
and related to urea. 

hydatenterocele (hi-dat-en-ter'-o-sel) [vdup, water; 
hntpov, bowel; K17X77, tumor]. Hydrocele with 
intestinal hernia. 

hydatic (hi-dat'-ik). Containing hydatids. 

hydatid (hi-dat'-id) [vSarU, vesicle]. 1. A cyst- 
like body with clear contents, especially that formed 
by the larva of the Tania echinococcus. 2. Bulbous 
remnants of embryonic structures. See Morgagni's 
hydatid, h. disease, a disease characterized by the 
presence in various portions of the body of cysts 
containing the embryo of the Tania echinococcus. 
h. fremitus, h. thrill, a fremitus occasionally obtained 
on palpating a hydatid cyst. h. mole. See chorion, 



cystic degeneration of, and mole, hydatid, h. of 
Morgagni. See Morgagni, hydatid of. 

hydatidiform (hi-dat-id'-if-orm) [hydatid; forma, 
form]. Having the form of a hydatid, h. mole. 
See mole, hydatidiform. 

hydatidocele (hi-dat-id'-o-seV) [hydatid; /07X77, 
tumor]. Oscheocele with hydatid cysts. 

hydatidoma (hi-dat-id-o'-mah) [hydatid; opa, a 
tumor]. Any hydatid cyst or tumor. 

hydatidosis (hi-dat-id-o'-sis) [hydatid]. The con- 
dition of being affected with hydatids. 

hydatidostomy (hi-dat-id-os' -to-me) [hydatid; o-rSna, 
mouth]. The opening and evacuation of a hydatid 
cyst. 

hydatism (hi'-dat-izm) [fiSwp, water]. The sound 
caused by the moving of pathological fluid in a body 
cavity. 

hydatogenesis (hi-dat-o-jen'-es-is) [v8up, water; 
yev&ns, production]. The formation of water 
within the tissues or cavities of the body. 

hydatoid (hi-dat'-oid) [hydatid; eUos, likeness]. 

1. Hydatidiform. 2. Watery. 3. The aqueous 
humor. 

hydatoncus (hi-dat-ong'-kus) [vSup, water; oyKos, 
a tumor]. Any cyst, or watery tumor. 

hydatorrhea (hi-dat-or-e'-ah) [Mop, water; pola, 
flow]. A copious flow or discharge of water. 

hydra-, hydro- (hi-drah-, hi-dro-) [S5wp, water]. 
Prefixes signifying the presence of water or of hydro- 
gen. 

hydracetin (hi-dras'-et-in), CeHoNaH-^HsO). A 
coal-tar derivative. It is antipyretic and anti- 
rheumatic. Dose \-2 gr. (0.032-0.13 Gm.). 

hydracid (hi-dras'-id) [hydra-; acidum, acid]. 
An acid containing hydrogen but not oxygen. 

hydradenitis (hi-drad-en-i'-tis) [v8up, water; 6.5-hv, 
gland; vra, inflammation]. 1. Same as hidrosadenitis. 

2. Lymphadenitis, h. destruens suppurativa. See 
hydrosadenitis phlegmonosa. 

hydradenoma (hi-drad-en-o'-ma). Same as hidrad- 
enoma. 

hydradenomes (hi-drad'-en-omz) [hydra-; aS-fjv, 
gland]. A skin disease marked by the formation of 
papules, varying in size from that of a pin-head to 
that of a pea, without subjective symptoms. It is 
attributed to adenoid epithelioma of the sweat-glands. 

hydraemia (hi-dre' -me-ah) . See hydremia. 

hydraeroperitoneum, hydraeroperitonia (hi-drah- 
er-o-per-it-o-ne'-um, -o'-ne-ah) [hydra-; ar/p, air; 
peritoneum]. A collection of gas and fluid in the 
peritoneal cavity. 

hydragogin (hi-drag'-oj-in). A diuretic and cardiac 
tonic containing tincture of digitalis, tincture of 
strophanthus, scillipicrin, scillitoxin, and oxysaponin. 
Dose 10-15 rnin. (0.66-1.0 Cc). 

hydragogue, hydragog (hi'-drag-og) [hydra-; aywySs, 
leading]. 1. Expelling water. 2. A purgative that 
causes copious liquid discharges. 

hydramnios, hydramnion (hi-dram'-ne-os, -on) 
[hydra-; apviov, fetal membrane]. An abnormal 
amount of amniotic fluid. 

hydrangea (hi-dran'-je-ah) [hydra-; ayyeiov, vessel]. 
A genus of saxifragaceous shrubs. The root of H. 
arborescens contains hydrangin and is employed in 
lithiasis. 

hydrangeion (hi-dran'-je-on) [v5ap, water, lymph; 
ayyeiov, vessel; pi., hydrangeia]. A lymphatic vessel. 

hydrangeitis (hi-dran-je-i'-tis) [v8up, water ; ayyeiov, 
a vessel; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of a 
lymphatic vessel; lymphangitis. 

hydrangin (hi-dran'-jin). A crystalline glucoside 
from the root of Hydrangea arborescens. It melts 
at 235 C. and by action of dilute acids decomposes 
into glucose and a resin-like mass. 

hydrangiography, hydrangeiography (hi-dran-ji-og'- 
raf-e) [vSwp, water; ayyeiov, vessel; ypd<t>eiv, to 
write]. A description of the lymphatic vessels, 
their anatomy, nature, functions, diseases, etc. 
Syn., angiohydrography. 

hydrangiology (hi-dran-je-ol'-o-je) [v5up, water; 
ayyeiov, vessel; X670S, science]. The science of the 
nature, functions, and diseases of the lymphatics. 

hydrangiotomy, hydrangeiotomy (hi-dran-je-ot'-o- 
me) [vSup, water; ayyeiov, vessel; rkuveiv, to cut]. 
The dissection of the lymphatics. 

hydrargyrate (hi-drar'-je-rat). Relating to mer- 
cury'; containing mercury. 

hydrargyria, hydrargyriasis, hydrargyrism (hi-drar~ 
ji'-re-ah, hi-drar-je-ri'-as-is, hi-drar' -je-rizm) . Chronic 
mercurial poisoning. See mercurialism. 



HYDRARGYRIC 



436 



HYDROCELE 



hydrargyric (hi-drar'-je-rik). Relating to mercury; 
mercuric. 

hydrargyrol (hi-drar'-je-rol). Mercury paraphenyl- 
thionate. h.-septol. See mercury quinoseptolate. 

hydrargyromania (hi-dr ar-jir-o-ma'-ne-ah). In- 
sanity due to the unwise use of mercury. 

hydrargyrophobia (hi-dr ar-jir-o-fo'-be-ah). Morbid 
dread of mercurial medicines. 

hydrargyrophthalmia (hi-dr ar-jir-off-thal'-me-ah) . 
Ophthalmia due to mercurial poisoning. 

hydrargyrosis (hi-dr ar-ji-ro' -sis), i. See hydrar- 
gyriasis. 2. Mercurial friction or fumigation. 

hydrargyrum (hi-dr ar'-je-rum). See mercury. 

hydrarsan (hi-dr ar'-san). A compound of phena- 
cetin, mercuric chloride, arsenic chloride, and 
potassium iodide; used in syphilis. 

hydrarthrosis (hi-drar-thro'-sis) [hydra-; hpdpov, a 
joint]. An accumulation of fluid in a joint. 

hydrarthrus (hi-drar'-thrus). See hydrarthrosis. 

hydrastine (hi-dr as' -ten) [hydrastis]. 1. An alkaloid 
(hydrastina, U. S. P.) from the root of Hydrastis 
canadensis. 2. A resinous extract from the root of 
H. canadensis ; it is a cholagogue, laxative, alterative, 
antiseptic, etc. h. hydrochloride, an astringent, 
alterative, and hemostatic. Dose £-1 gr. (0.032- 
0.065 Gm.) every two hours if needed. Application 
as astringent 0.1 to 0.5 % solution; in skin diseases 
1 % ointment; in chronic bronchitis 10-20 drops of a 
solution of 15 gr. (1 Gm.) in 5 dr. (18 Cc.) of water 
4 times daily. 

hydrastinine (hi-dr as' -tin-en) [hydrastis]. An 
artificial alkaloid, C11H13NO3, from hydrastine. It is 
used as a hemostatic, vasoconstrictor, cardiac stimu- 
lant, etc. h. hydrochloride (hydrastinince hydro- 
chloridum, U. S. P.), C11H11NO2 . HCI+H2O, used 
as a uterine hemostatic, emmenagogue, and vaso- 
constrictor. Dose £-§ gr. (0.015-0.032 Gm.) 3 or 4 
times daily; maximum daily dose 2 gr. (0.13 Gm.). 
Injection, 8-16 min. (0.5-1.0 Cc.) of 10 % solution. 

hydrastis {hi-dr as' -tis). Goldenseal, a plant of the 
order Ranunculacece. The hydrastis of the U. S. P. 
is the rhizome and roots of H. canadensis, which 
contain the alkaloids hydrastine and berberine. It is 
tonic, antiperiodic, cholagogue, and diuretic, and 
has been employed in leukorrhea, cystitis, consti- 
pation, menorrhagia, gonorrhea, dyspepsia, etc. 
Dose of the hydrastine of commerce, an impure body, 
5-10 gr. (0.32-0.65 Gm.); of the alkaloid f-f gr. 
(0.008-0.022 Gm.). h., fluidextract of {fiuidextr actum 
hydrastis, U. S. P.). Dose |-i dr. (2-4 Cc). h., 
glycerite of (glyceritum hydrastis, U. S. P.). Dose 
§-1 dr. (2-4 Cc). h., tincture of (tinctura hydrastis, 
U. S. P.). Dose 1 dr. (4 Cc). 

hydrastol (hi-dr as' -tol). A proprietary remedy 
said to consist of liquid albolene and the active 
ingredients of hydrastis and cinnamon oil. 

hydrate (hi' -drat) [&3«p, water]. A compound 
containing water in chemical combination. 

hydrated (hi'-dra-ted) [see hydrate]. Chemically 
combined with water. 

hydration (hi-dr a' -shun) [see hydrate]. The pro- 
cess of combining chemically with water, or of con- 
verting into a hydrate. 

hydraulics (hi-draw'-liks) [ySup, water; av\6s, a 
pipe]. The science of liquids in motion. 

hydrazine (hi'-draz-in) [hydra-; azotum, nitrogen]. 
1. H4N2. Diamine; a colorless, stable gas, soluble 
in water, having a peculiar odor and a strong alkaline 
reaction. 2. One of a class of bodies derived from 
hydrazine by replacing one or more of its hydrogen 
atoms by a radical. 

hydrazones (hi'-draz-ons) [v8up, water; azotum, 
nitrogen], Phenylhydrazones ; a group of chemical 
bodies produced by the action of phenylhydrazine 
upon carbonyl compounds. They are usually 
crystalline compounds, insoluble in water. They are 
yellow or brown in color, and almost invariably 
decompose upon fusion. 

hydrectasis (hi-dr ek' -las-is) [hydra-; iKraavs, a 
stretching out]. Distention by water or by a watery 
fluid. 

hydremesis (hi-dr em' -es-is) [hydro-; lpe<ris, vomit- 
ing]. The vomiting of a watery material. 

hydremia (hi-dr e'-me-ah) [hydra-; alfia, blood]. A 
watery condition of the blood. 

hydrencephal (hi-dr en' -sef-al) [hydra-; lynk<j>ahcs, 
brain]. A hydrocephalic brain. 

hydrencephalitis (hi-dr en-sef-al-i' -tis) [hydra- ; iyick<f>- 
oXos, brain; ins, inflammation]. Inflammatory 
hydrocephalus. 



hydrencephalocele (hi-dr en-sef ' -al-o-sel) [hydra-; 
iyKe<pa\os, brain; kt)\tj, hernia]. Hernia of the brain, 
in which the tumor is in part composed of a watery 
fluid. 

hydrencephalus (hi-dr en-sef -al-us). See hydro- 
cephalus. 

hydrenterocele (hi-dr en-ter'-o-sel) [hydra-; Ivrtpov, 
intestine; K17X7?, hernia]. Intestinal hernia, the sac 
of which contains some extravasated fluid. 

hydrenterorrhea (hi-dr en-ter-or-e' -ah) [hydra-; lv- 
repov, intestine; pola, flow]. A watery diarrhea. 

hydrepigastrium (hi-dr ep-e-gas'-tre-um) [hydra- ; 
epigastrium]. A collection of fluid between the 
abdominal muscles and the peritoneum. 

hydriatics (hi-dre-at'-iks). See hydrotherapeutics. 

hydriatric (hi-dr e-at'-rik) [hydra-; larpos, physi- 
cian]. Relating to the treatment of disease with 
water. 

hydriatry (hi'-dre-at-re). See hydrotherapeutics. 

hydric (hi'-drik). Containing water. 

hydride (hi'-drid). A chemical compound con- 
taining hydrogen united to an element or radical. 

hydriodate (hi-dri'-o-dat). A compound of hydri- 
odic acid with an element or radical. 

hydriodic (hi-dre-od'-ik) [hydra-; iodine]. Con- 
taining hydrogen and iodine, h. acid, HI, a heavy, 
colorless gas, with a suffocating odor and an acid reac- 
tion, h. acid, syrup of (syrupus acidi hydriodici, 
U. S. P.), contains 1 % by weight of absolute HI. 
Dose \-2 dr. (2-8 Cc). It is used as an alterative 
in scrofula, rickets, etc. 

hydro- (hi'-dro-) [iiSup, water]. A prefix sig- 
nifying water, or that water forms a structural part; 
also denoting hydrogen. 

hydro (hi'-dro) [v8up, water]. A hydropathic 
establishment. 

hydroa (hi-dr o' -ah) [hydro-; <?6v, egg]. A chronic 
inflammatory disease of the skin characterized by 
erythema, papules, pustules, vesicles, bullae, or com- 
binations of these, and by intense itching. Syn., 
dermatitis herpetiformis ; pemphigus pruriginosus. 

hydroabdomen (hi-dr o-ab-do' -men). See ascites. 

hydroadenitis (hi-dr o-ad-en-i' -tis). See hydradeni- 
tis. 

hydroadipsia (hi-dro-ad-ip'-se-ah) [hydro-; &, priv.; 
bipa, thirst]. Absence of thirst, or of desire for 
water. 

hydroaeric (hi-dro-a-er'-ik) [hydro-; &17P, air]. 
Applied in auscultation to the sound given by cavities 
filled with air and water. 

hydroappendix (hi-dro-ap-en'-diks). The dilatation 
of the vermiform appendix with a watery fluid. 

hydroargentic (hi-dro-ar-jen'-tik) [hydro-; argen- 
tum, silver J. Containing hydrogen and silver. 

hydrobilirubin (hi-dro-bil-e-ru' -bin) [hydro-; bili- 
rubin], C32HMN4O7. A 'brown-red pigment formed by 
treating a solution of bilirubin with sodium amalgam. 
It is probably identical with stercobilin, the coloring- 
matter of the feces, and urobilin, the pigment of the 
urine'. 

hydrobiosis (hi-dr o-bi-o' -sis) [hydro- ; /3tos, life]. 
In biology, the origin and maintenance of life in 
fluid media. 

hydrobromate (hi-dr o-bro' -mat) [hydro-; /3pa>p.os, a 
stench]. A salt of hydrobromic acid. 

hydrobromic (hi-dro-bro'-mik) [see hydrobromate]. 
Composed of hydrogen and bromin. h. acid. See 
acid, hydrobromic. h. ether. See ethyl bromide. 

hydrobromide, hydrobromid (hi-dro-bro'-mid). 
Same as hydrobromate. 

hydrocarbon (hi-dr o-kar'-bon) [hydro-; carbo, char- 
coal]. Any compound composed only of hydrogen 
and carbon, h., satisfied, one that has no free val- 
ences, h., saturated, one that has the maximum 
number of hydrogen atoms. 

hydrocarbonism (hi-dro-kar'-fyn-izm). Poisonmg 
with hydrocarbons, principally observed among 
miners and workers in petroleum refineries and in 
those who have used petroleum internally. It is 
marked by dizziness, cyanosis, loss of consciousness, 
anesthesia, convulsions, loss of reflexes, weakness 
of pulse and of breathing. 

hydrocardia (hi-dr o-kar'-de-ah). See hydropert- 
cardium. 

hydrocele (hi'-dro-sel) [hydro-; ktiXv, tumor]. A 
collection of serous fluid about the testicle or sper- 
matic cord. The term is also applied to serous 
tumors in other locations, h. colli. See Maunoir's 
hydrocele, h. hernialis, a collection of fluid in a 
hernial sac due to obstruction of its neck. 



HYDROCELIA 



437 



HYDROGEN 



hydrocelia (hi-dro-se'-le-ah) [hydro-; kolXLo., belly]. 
Dropsy of the belly or abdominal region. 

hydrocelodes (hi-dro-sel-o'-dez) [hydro-; K17X77, 
tumor; eUos, form]. A tumor resembling hydro- 
cele, but due to an extravasation of urine. 

hydrocenosis (hi-dro-sen-o'-sis) ■ [hydro-; k&oxtis, 
evacuation] An evacuation of water either by the 
use of hydragogue cathartics or by the operation of 
"tapping" the cavity containing the accumulation 
of fluid. See paracentesis. 

hydrocenotic (Jhi-dro-sen-ot'-ik) [hydro-; Kkvuais, 
evacuation]. Relating to or causing hydrocenosis. 

hydrocephalic (hi-dro-sef-al'-ik) [see hydrocephalus]. 
Pertaining to or affected with hydrocephalus. 
h. cry, the loud cry of a child, indicating pain in the 
head. 

hydrocephalocele (hi-dro-sef'-al-o-sel). See hydren- 
cephalocele. 

hydrocephaloid (hi-dro-sef'-al-oid) [hydrocephalus; 
eldos, like]. i. Pertaining to or resembling hydro- 
cephalus. 2. Marshall Hall's disease; a disease of 
infants resembling hydrocephalus. It is a condition 
of nervous exhaustion generally consequent on pro- 
longed illness or premature weaning. It is sometimes 
observed in poorly nourished infants just after 
weaning. The pulse is irregular, the fontanelles 
depressed, and there is little tendency to vomiting. 

hydrocephalus (hi-dro-sef '-al-us) [hydro-; K&t>a\ij, 
head]. A collection of fluid in the cerebral ventricles 
(internal hydrocephalus) or outside the brain-sub- 
stance (external hydrocephalus). The symptoms are 
progressive enlargement of the head, bulging of the 
fontanels, prominent forehead, thinness of hair and 
scalp, distention of the superficial veins, mental 
impairment, muscular weakness, convulsions. Acute 
external hydrocephalus is due to inflammation of the 
meninges, usually tuberculous; acute internal hydro- 
cephalus is caused by ependymitis; chronic hydro- 
cephalus may be congenital or acquired. 

hydrochezia (hi-dro-ke'-ze-ah) [hydro-; xQetv, to 
defecate]. Watery or serous diarrhea. 

hydrochinone (hi-dro-kin'-on). See hydroauinone. 

hydrochinonuria (hi-dro-kin-on-u'-re-ah) [hydro- 
auinone; ovpov, urine]. The presence in the urine 
of hydroquinone due to ingestion of salol, resorcin, 
etc. 

hydrochlorate (hi-dro-klo'-rat). Any salt of hydro- 
chloric acid. 

hydrochloric acid (hi-dro-klo'-rik). See acid, hydro- 
chloric, h. acid in contents of stomach. See Boas, 
Ewald, Guenzburg, Herzberg, v. Jaksch, Luttke, Maly, 
Mohr, Rabuteau, Reoch, Sjoeqvist, Szabo, Uffelmann, 
v. d. Velden, Winkler, Witz. h. acid test for formalde- 
hyde in milk, heat in a test-tube i Cc. of milk with 
4 Cc. of strong hydrochloric acid containing a trace 
of ferric chloride. In the presence of formaldehyde 
a purple color appears, varying from a delicate tint 
to a deep violet. If a yellow color appears, repeat 
the test, using milk that has been diluted, i to io, 
with water. 

hydrochloric ether. See ethyl chloride. 

hydrochloride, hydro chlorid (hi-dro-klo'-rid). Same 
as hydrochlorate. 

hydrocholecystis (hi-dro-ko-le-sis'-tis) [hydro-; x°Xi7. 
bile; kvStis, bladder]. Dropsy of the gall-bladder. 

hydrocinnamic acid (hi-dro-sin-am'-ik). See acid. 

hydrocirsocele (hi-dro-sir'-so-sel) [hydro-; Kipaos, 
venous enlargement; k^Atj, tumor]. Hydrocele 
accompanied with varicose veins of the spermatic 
cord. 

hydrocollidine (hi-dro-koV -id-en) [hydro-; KoWa, 
glue], C8H13N. A highly poisonous ptomaine 
obtained from putrefying mackerel, horse-flesh, 
and ox-flesh, and said to be identical with one 
obtained from nicotine. 

hydrocolpocele (hi-dro-kol'-po-sel) [hydro-; koK-kos.. 
vagina; K17X77, tumor]. A serous tumor of the 
vagina. 

hydrocolpos (hi-dro-kol'-pos) [hydro-; koXttos, 
vagina]. A vaginal retention-cyst containing a 
watery fluid. 

hydroconion, hydrokonion (hi-dro-ko'-ne-on) [hy- 
dro-; Koviev, to fill with dust]. An atomizer; a 
spraying apparatus. 

hydro cotarnine (hi-dro-ko-tar'-nen) [hydro-; cotar- 
nine], C12H15NO3+5H2O. A crystalline alkaloid 
occurring in small amount in opium. It melts at 
50° C, and is readily soluble in alcohol, ether, and 
chloroform. 



hydrocotoine (hid-ro-ko'-to-en) [hydro-; Sp., coto, 
a cubit], Q5H14O4. An alkaloid of coto-bark, oc- 
curring in yellowish crystals without taste. 

Hydrocotyle (hi-dro-kot'-il-e) [hydro-; kotuXjj, a 
cup]. Pennywort; a genus of umbelliferous herbs. 
The leaves of H. asiatica serve as a bitter tonic and 
alterative, and are very serviceable in skin-diseases, 
syphilitic sores, and leprosy. H. centella, of S. 
Africa, H. umbellata, of America, and H. vulgaris, 
of Europe, have been employed in medicine, but 
their properties are little known. H. bonariasis, of 
S. America, is diuretic. 

hydrocrania (hid-ro-kra'-ne-ah). Same as hydro- 
cephalus. 

hydrocyanic (hi-dro-se-an'-ik). See cyanogen, and 
acid, hydrocyanic. 

hydrocyanism (hi-dro-si'-an-izm). Poisoning with 
hydrocyanic acid; in acute cases marked by loss of 
consciousness and a sudden fall, generally by cramp, 
cyanosis, and paralysis. 

hydrocyst (hi'-dro-sist) [hydro-; kv<ttis, bladder]. 
A cyst containing a water-like liquid. Sometimes 
it is synonymous with hydatid. 

hydrocystoma (hi-dro-sis-to'-mah). See hidro- 
cystoma. 

hydroderma (hi-dro-der'-mah) [hydro-; dip/xa, skin]. 
Dropsy of the skin. 

hydrodiarrhea (hi-dro-di-ar-e'-ah) [hydro-; diar- 
rhea]. Serious diarrhea. 

hydrodiascope (hi-dro-di'-as-kop) [hydro-; Sia, 
through; aKowelv, to view]. A device, shaped like a 
pair of spectacles, consisting of two chambers filled 
with physiological salt solution, worn to correct kera- 
toconus and astigmatism. 

hydrodictyotomy (hi-dro-dik-te-ot'-o-me) [hydro-; 
Ukttvov, net; 7-0/417, section]. Surgical incision of the 
retina for the relief of edema. 

hydrodiffusion (hi-dro-dif-u'-shun). The physical 
admixture of two fluids of different densities. 

hydrodiuresis (hi-dro-di-u-re'-sis) [hydro-; dt&, 
through; ovpeeiv, to urinate]. A copious flow of 
watery urine. 

hydrodynamics (hi-dro-di-nam'-iks) [hydro-; Svp- 
aixis, power]. The branch of mechanics treating of 
fluids in motion. 

hydroelectric (hi-dro-e-lek'-trik) [hydro-; electric]. 
Pertaining to electricity developed in connection 
with water, h. bath, a bath in which the metallic 
lining of the tub is connected with one pole of a 
battery, the other pole being in contact with the 
person of the patient. 

hydro electrization (hi-dro-e-lek-tri-za'-shun). Elec- 
trization in which water is used as an electrode. 

hydroencephalocele (hi-dro-en-sef-al'-o-sel). See 
hydrencephalocele. 

hydroenterocele (hi-dro-en-ter' -o-seV) . See hydren* 
terocele. 

hydroepigastrium. See hydrepigastrium. 

hydroepiplocele (hi-dro-ep-ip'-lo-sel). An epiplo- 
cele with water in the sac. 

hydroexostosis (hi-dro-eks-os-to'-sis). An exostosis 
accompanied by an accumulation of water. 

hydroferrocyanate, hydroferrocyanide (hi-dro-fer- 
o-si'-an-at, -Id). A compound of hydroferrocyanic 
acid with a base. 

hydrofluoric acid (hi-dro-fiu-or'-ik). See acid, 
hydrofluoric, and fluorine. 

hydrofluosilicate (hi-dro-flu-o-sil'-ik-at). A salt of 
hydrofluosilicic acid. 

hydrogalvanic (hi-dro-gal-van'-ik). Relating to 
galvanism developed by action of fluids. 

hydrogaster (hi-dro-gas'-tur) [hydro-; yaar-qp, 
stomach]. Ascites. 

hydrogastria (hi-dro-gas'-tre-ah). A gastric dis- 
order from fluid due to constriction of the esophageal 
and pyloric orifices. 

hydrogel (hi'-dro-jeT), An aqueous colloidal 
solution in the gelatinized state. 

hydrogen (hi'-dro-jen) [hydro-; yewav, to produce]. 
Symbol H; atomic weight 1.008; quantivalence I. 
A gaseous element, feebly basic, and occurring in 
nature in greatest abundance combined with oxygen 
in the form of water, H2O. It is present in nearly 
all organic compounds, and is a constant constituent 
of acids, h. acid. See hydracid. h. dioxide, h. 
peroxide, H2O2, an unstable liquid which readily 
yields up an atom of oxygen/ and hence is a powerful 
oxidizer. It is strongly antiseptic. The solution, 
aqua hydrogenii dioxidi (U. S. P.), contains 3 % of 
pure H2O2. It is useful as an antiseptic application 



HYDROGENATION 



438 



HYDROPATHIC 



to inflamed mucous membranes in diphtheria, scar- 
latina, gonorrhea, etc., and as a cleansing agent of 
suppurating cavities. See also Wurster's test for 
hydrogen^ dioxide, h. monoxide, H2O, water, h. 
persulphide, H2S2, a heavy, yellow oil, with a foul, 
pungent odor and acrid taste, giving off irritating 
vapors. It bleaches organic coloring-matters and 
is a powerful antiseptic. 

hydrogenation (hi-dro-jen-a'-shun). The process of 
causing a combination with hydrogen. 

hydrogenesis {hi-dro-jen'-es-is) [hydro-; yewav, to 
produce: pi., hydrogeneses]. 1. The collection or 
formation of a watery fluid. 2. Any disease in 
which there is a predominance or degeneration of 
mucous secretion, fat, bile, or milk. 

hydrogenoid (hi-droj'-en-oid) [hydro-; yewav, to 
produce; elSos, likeness]. Applied to a constitution 
or temperament intolerant of moisture. 

hydrogenous (hi-droj'-en-us). Relating to hydro- 
gen. 

hydrogerous (hi-droj'-ur-us) [hydro-; gerere, to 
bear]. Containing or bearing water. 

hydroglossa (hi-dro-glos'-sah) [hydro-; yXuaara, 
tongue]. Ranula. 

hydrogol (hi'-dro-gol). A proprietary preparation 
said to be an aqueous solution of colloidal silver. It 
is used in gonorrhea. 

hydrohematocele (hi-dro-hem'-at-o-sel) [hydro- ; 
oi/jo, blood; KJ7X77, tumor]. Hematocele associated 
with hydrocele. 

hydrohemia Qii-dro-hem'-e-ah) . Same as hydremia. 

hydrohemostat (hi-dro-hem'-o-stat) [hydro-; alpa, 
blood; araros, stopped]. A device for stopping 
hemorrhage by means of hydrostatic pressure. 

hydrohemothorax (hi-dro-hem-o-jho'-raks) [hydro- ; 
alpa, blood; 0wpa£, thorax]. An effusion of hemor- 
rhagic fluid into the pleural cavity. 

hydrohymenitis (hi-dro-hi-men-i'-tis) [hydro-; bfifiv, 
membrane; ins, inflammation]. Any inflammation 
of a serous membrane or surface. 

hydrohystera (hi-dro-his'-ter-ah). See hydrometra. 

hydroid {hi'-droid) [hydro-; eUos, form]. 1. Like 
water. 2. Living in water. 

hydrokinetics (hi-dro-kin-et'-iks) [hydro-; Kiveiv, 
to set in motion]. The science of the motions of 
fluids and the causative forces. 

hydrolactometer (hi-dro-lak-tom'-et-er) [hydro-; lac, 
milk; p.krpov, measure]. An instrument used in 
estimating the percentage of water in any given 
sample of milk. 

hydrolatum Qii-dro-la' -turn) [hydro-; gen., hydrolati; 
pi., hydrolata]. A medicated water. 

hydrolein (hi-dro'-le-in) [hydro-; oleum, oil]. A 
proprietary emulsion of cod-liver oil with pancreatin 
and borax. 

hydrology (hi-droV-o-je) [hydro-; \6yos, science]. 
A treatise on the nature and uses of water. 

hydrolymph (hi'-dro-limf) [hydro-; lympha, water]. 
A term applied to the blood of certain animals which 
is composed largely of the salt or fresh water in 
which they live, and containing a small amount of 
corpuscular elements. 

hydrolysis (hi-drol'-is-is) [hydro-; \veiv, to loose]. 
The decomposition of water. 

hydrolyst (hi'-dro-list) [hydro-; Xwns, dissolving]. 
A substance that, like sulphuric acid, diastase, 
emulsin, etc., induces hydrolysis; an hydrolytic 
agent. 

hydrolyte (hi'-dro-lit) [hydro-; Xwns, dissolving]. 
The substance hydrolyzed. 

hydrolytic {hi-dro-lit'-ik) [see hydrolysis]. Per- 
taining to the decomposition of water or the liberation 
of water during a chemical reaction, h. ferments, 
those causing a combination with the elements of 
water in the substances which they decompose. 

hydrolyze (hi-dro-liz). To subject to hydrolysis. 

hydroma (Jti-dro'-mah) [hydro-; 6pa, a tumor: 
pi., hydromata]. A tumor containing water. A cyst 
or sac filled with water or serous fluid. Also, an 
edematous swelling. Also, the cystic dilatation of 
a lymphatic vessel of the neck 

hydromania (hi-dro-ma'-ne-ah) [hydro-; pavia, 
madness]. 1. Intense or maddening thirst. 2. 
Mania with desire for suicide by drowning. 

hydromediastinum {hi-dro-med-e-as-W -num) [hy- 
dro-; mediastinum]. A serous effusion into the 
mediastinum. 

hydromel Qii'-dro-mel) [hydro-; pk\i, honey]. A 
mixture of honey and water with or without a 
medicinal substance. 



hydromeningitis Qii-dro-men-in-ji'-tis) [hydro-; 
fiiji>iy£, a membrane; ins, inflammation]. 1. Inflam- 
mation of the membranes of the brain or cord, 
accompanied by effusion of serous fluid. 2. In- 
flammation of the membrane of Descemet. 

hydromeningocele Qii-dro-men-in'-go-sel) [hydro-; 
mviy%, a membrane; k.t\\t\, a tumor], 1. A cystic 
tumor of the meninges protruding through the skull. 
2. A form of spina bifida in which the sac contains 
cerebrospinal fluid. 

hydromeninx Qii-dro-men'-inks) [hydro-; nijvi.y£, a 
membrane]. Dropsy of the membranes of the brain. 

hydrometer (hi-drom'-et-er) [hydro-; p.krpov, a 
measure]. An instrument for determining the specific 
gravity of liquids. 

hydrometra (hi-dro-me'-trah) [hydro-; p-qrpa, the 
womb]. A collection of watery fluid in the uterus. 

hydrometrectasia (hi-dro-me-trak-ta'-ze-ah) [hydro- ; 
unrpa, womb; e/o-ao-is, a stretching out]. Hydro- 
metra causing distention of the uterus. 

hydromicrenocephalia, hydromicrencephaly (hi- 
dro-mi-kren-sef-a'-le-ah, hi-dro-mi-kren-sef'-al-e) [hy- 
dro-; niicpos, small; ice<pa\ri, the head]. Micren- 
cephaly leading to, or complicated by, a serous 
effusion within the cranial cavity. 

hydromphalocele (hi-drom-fal'-o-sel) [hydro-; bp- 
<pd\6s, navel; /07X77, hernia]. Cystic tumor in the sac 
of an umbilical hernia. 

hydromphalus (hi-drom'-fal-us) [hydro-; bp<pa\bs r 
navel]. A tumor at the navel, distended with 
water. 

hydromyelia, hydromyelus (hi-dro-mi-e'-le-ah, hi- 
dro-mi' -el-us) [hydro-; pveXbs, marrow]. Dilatation 
of the central canal of the spinal cord with an accumu- 
lation of fluid. 

hydromyelitis {hi-dro-mi-el-i'-tis) [hydro-; pveKbs, 
marrow; ins, inflammation]. Same as hydrorrhachis 
interna. 

hydromyelocele {hi-dro-mi' -el-o-sel) [hydro-; pve\bs, 
marrow; KoiXia, cavity]. 1. Excessive accumulation 
of fluid in the central canal of the spinal cord. 2. A 
variety of spina bifida in which remains of the 
spinal cord cover the tumor. 

hydromyoma (hi-dro-mi-o'-mah) [hydro-; myoma]. 
A cystic myoma containing serous fluid. 

hydromyringa, hydromyrinx (hi-dro-mir-in'-gah> 
hi-dro-mi' -rinks) [hydro-; myrinx, the tympanic 
membrane], 1. The distention of the membrana 
tympani with water effused within its substance. 
2. Less correctly, the same as hydrotympanum. 

hydronal (hi'-dro-nal). A preparation obtained 
by the action of chloral on pyridin; it is used as a 
hypnotic. Also called viferral. 

hydronaphthol (hi-dro-naf'-thol) [hydro-; naphthoic 
A substance, derived from naphthol, and used as an 
intestinal antiseptic. Dose 3-4 SX- (0.2-0.26 Gm.). 

hydroncus (hi-drong'-kus) [hydro-; oyicos, mass]. 
A distention or swelling caused by an accumulation 
of water. See, also, edema and anasarca. 

hydrone {hi'-dron) [hydro-]. Armstrong's term 
for H2O, the molecule of water. 

hydronephrectasia {hi-dro-nef-rek-ta'-ze-ah) [hydro-; 
ve<f>p6s, a kidney; eKrao- is, distention]. Dropsical 
enlargement of the kidney. 

hydronephros (hi-dro-nef'-ros) [hydro-; ve<f>pos, 
kidney]. A dropsical kidney. Syn., hydronephrec- 
tasia. 

hydronephrosis {hi-dro-nef-ro'-sis) [see hydroneph- 
ros]. A collection of urine in the pelvis of the 
kidney from obstructed outflow. The pressure of the 
fluid causes in time atrophy of the kidney-structure, 
and the whole organ is converted into a large cyst. 

hydronephrotic (hi-dro-nef-rot'-ik) [hydronephrosis]. 
Relating to, affected with, or of the nature of, 
hydronephrosis . 

hydronosos (hi-dron-o'-sus) [hydro-; voaos, disease]. 
A disease attended with dropsy. 

hydro-oligocythemia (hi-dro-ol-ig-o-si-the'-me-ah) 
[hydro-; 6X170$, few; ki>tos, cell; alpa, blood]. A 
form of secondary anemia in which there is an 
increase in the proportion of the serum to the cor- 
puscles of the blood. 

hydroparasalpinx (hi-dro-par-ah-sal' -pinks) [hydro-; 
■jrapa, beside; a&Xinyi, tube]. An accumulation of 
water in the accessory tubes of the oviduct. 

hydroparesis {hi-dro-par'-es-is) [hydro-; 7r<ipe<ns, 
paralysis]. A paretic affection characterized by 
watery effusions, such as are seen in beriberi. 

hydropathic (hi-dro-path'-ik). Pertaining to hydro- 
pathy. 



HYDROPATHY 



439 



HYDROSCOPY 



hydropathy (hi-dr op' -ath-e) [hydro-; iraBcs, disease]. 
The treatment of diseases by the use of water, 
externally and internally. 

hydropedesis (hi-dro-ped-e'-sis) . See hidropedesis. 

hydropericarditis (hi-dr o-per-ik-ar-di'-tis) [hydro-; 
pericarditis]. Pericarditis accompanied by serous 
effusion into the pericardium. 

hydropericardium (hi-dro-per-ik-ar'-de-um) [hydro-; 
pericardium]. A collection of serum within the 
pericardial cavity. 

hydroperididymia (hi-dr o-per-e-did-im'-e-ah) [hy- 
dro-; vepi, around; SlSvpos, testicle]. Hydrocele. 

hydroperion (hi-dro-per'-e-on) [hydro-; irepi, 
around; ubv, egg]. A seroalbuminous liquid existing 
between the decidua vera and the decidua reflexa 
and believed to nourish the embryo at an early 
period. 

hydroperipneumonia (hi-dro-per-e-nu-mo'-ne-ah) 
[hydro-; irepl, around; irvtvfxuv, a lung]. Pneumonia 
with pleural effusion. 

hydroperitoneum (hi-dro-per-it-on-e'-um) [hydro- ; 
peritoneum]. Ascites. 

hydroperitonitis (hi-dr o-per-it-on-i'-tis). Periton- 
itis attended with watery effusion. 

hydrophallus (hi-dro-fal'-us) [hydro-; 4>a\\6s, 
penis]. A dropsical swelling of the penis. 

hydrophilism (hi-dr off '-il-izm) [hydro-; <f>i\eiv, to 
love]. The property of colloids, cells, tissues, etc., 
to attract and hold water. 

hydrophilous {hi-droff'-il-us) [hydro-; <pl\os, lov- 
ing], i. In biology, applied to plants that are 
fertilized through the agency of water. 2. Ab- 
sorbing water. 

hydrophlegrnasia (hi-dro-fleg-ma'-ze-ah) [hydro- ; 
fkeyfxaaia, inflammation]. Any phlegmasia or 
inflammation characterized by serous effusion. 

hydrophlogosis {hi-dro-flo-go'-sis) [hydro-; <£X6-y&><ns, 
a burning]. Inflammation attended with serous 
effusion. 

hydrophobe (hi'-dro-fob) [hydro-; 06/Sos, fear]. 
A person who is affected with rabies. 

hydrophobia (hi-dr o-fo'-be-ah) [hydro-; <j>6pos, fear]. 
1. Fear of water; a symptom of rabies, q. v. 2. Used 
as a synonym of rabies. 

hydrophobic (hi-dro-fo'-bik). Pertaining to, or of 
the nature of, hydrophobia, h. tetanus. See tetanus, 
hydrophobic. 

hydrophobin (hi-dr o-fo' -bin). The virus of hydro- 
phobia; same as lyssin. 

hydrophobophobia (hi-dr o-fo-bo-fo'-be-ah) [hydro- 
phobia; 4>60os, fear]. An intense dread of hydro- 
phobia; a condition producing a state simulating true 
hydrophobia. 

hydrophone (hi'-dro-fon) [hydro-; (pwvfj, the voice]. 
An instrument used in auscultatory percussion, the 
sound being conveyed to the ear through a column 
of water. 

hydrophore (di'-dro-for) [hydro-; fykptiv, to bear]. 
An apparatus consisting of a short grooved catheter 
used as an irrigating dilator of the urethra. 

hydrophthalrnia (hi-drof-thal'-me-ah) [hydro-; 6<pda\- 
nos, eye]. An increase in the fluid contents of the 
eye, causing the organ to become distended, resulting 
in glaucoma, keratoglobus, staphyloma, etc. 

hydrophthlamos (hi-dr off-thai' -mos). See kerato- 
globus. 

hydrophyr (hi'-dro-fer) [hydro-]. A variety of 
peptone insoluble in alcohol. 

hydrophysocele (hi-dro-fi'-zo-sel) [hydro-; 4>vaa, air; 
K77X77, tumor]. Hernia containing both serous fluid 
and a gas. 

hydrophysometra (hi-dro-fi-zo-me'-trah) [hydro-; 
<f>v<ra, wind; p.i]rpa, womb]. An abnormal collection 
of water, or other fluid, and gas, in the womb. 

hydropic (hi-drop'-ik) [hydrops]. Pertaining to 
dropsy; dropsical. 

hydropica (hi-dr op' -ik-ah) [vSponriKos, dropsical]. 
Medicines useful in dropsy; especially diuretic 
remedies. 

hydroplasm (hi'-dro-plazm) [hydro-; plasm]. A 
fluid constituent of protoplasm, or of any plasma. 

hydropleuritis (hi-dro-plu-ri'-tis). Pleurisy at- 
tended with effusion. 

hydropneumatic (hi-dr o-nil-mat'-ik) [hydro-; irvtvua, 
air]. Relating to water and air. 

hydropneumatosis (hi-dr o-nu-mat-o' -sis) [hydro- ; 
■jTvevnaTuais, inflation]. A collection of fluid and 
air or other gas within the tissues. 

hydropneumonia (hi-dro-nu-mo'-ne-ah) [hydro-; 
■Kvtvp.oiv, the lung]. A disease thought to consist 



of a serous infiltration into the lung; pulmonary 
edema; also, an effusion within the pleura sometimes 
accompanying pneumonia. 

hydropneumopericardium (hi-dro-nu-mo-per-ik-ar'- 
de-um) [hydro-; wvevp,a, air; pericardium]. A col- 
lection of serum and air or other gas within the peri- 
cardium. 

hydropneumothorax (hi-dr o-nu-mo-tho'-raks) [hy- 
dro-; irvevtia, air; d&paZ, thorax]. The presence of 
serous fluid and air or gas in the pleural cavity. 

hydropoid (hi'-dro-poid) [vdpw\{/, dropsy; eI5os, 
likeness]. Dropsical. 

hydroposia (hi-dr o-po'-ze-ah) [\>8u>p, water; vocns, 
a drinking]. Water drinking; the use of water alone 
as a beverage. 

hydropotherapy (hi-dro-po-ther'-ap-e) [\18poi\p, drop- 
sy; depaireia, therapy]. The therapeutic use of 
ascitic fluid. 

hydrops (hi' -drops) [ZSpu^, dropsy]. Dropsy. 
h. articuli, a watery effusion into the synovial cavity 
of a joint, h. capitis, hydrocephalus, q. v. h. cys- 
tidis felleae, dropsy of the gall-bladder, h. ex 
vacuo, a condition following inflammation, in which 
the lung is unable to expand and the space between 
the contracted lung and the chest-wall is filled with 
fluid, h. tubae profiuens, hydrosalpinx in which 
the watery discharges are said to occur from the 
uterus and vagina, in gushes, the uterine end of the 
tube from time to time allowing passage of the fluid. 
h. vesicae felleae, dropsy of the gall-bladder. 

hydropyonephrosis (hi-dr o-pi-o-nef-ro' -sis) [hydro-; 
irvov, pus; ve<l>p6s, kidney]. Distention of the pelvis 
of the kidney with urine and pus. 

hydropyopneumothorax (hi-dro-pi-o-nu-mo-tho'- 
raks) [hydro-; irvov, pus; w&ifia, air; d&pa%, chest]. 
Hydropneumothorax, associated with the presence 
of pus. 

hydropyosalpinx (hi-dro-pi-o-sal'-pingks) [hydro-; 
irvov, pus; crdXxi7£, tube]. An accumulation of 
serous fluid and pus in an oviduct. 

hydropyretic (hi-dr o-pi-ret'-ik) [hydro-; irvperds, 
heat]. Pertaining to, or affected with, hydro- 
pyretos. 

hydropyretos (hi-dro-pir'-et-os) [hydro-; miperos, 
heat]. Sweating fever. 

hydroquinine (hi-dro-kwin'-en) [hydro-; quinine], 
C20H26N2O2. An alkaloid obtained from cinchona, 
and frequently contaminating quinine. 

hydroquinone (hi-dro-kwin'-on), C6H6O2. An 
isomer of resorcinol and pyrocatechin, found in 
arbutin, and also obtained from quinine and quinone, 
etc. It is antipyretic and antiseptic. Dose 15-20 
gr. (1. 0-1.3 Gm.). See Uva ursi. 

hydrorenal (hi-dr o-re'-nal) [hydro-; ren, kidney]. 
Relating to dropsy of the kidney. 

hydrorheostat (hi-dro-re'-o-stat). A rheostat in 
which the resistance is furnished by water. 

hydrorrhachiocentesis (hi-dror-rak-e-o-sen-te'-sis) 
[hydro-; pkxis, spine; KevTt)<ns, puncture]. Puncture 
of the spinal meninges in the treatment of hydror- 
rhachis. 

hydrorrhachis (hi-dr or' -ak-is) [hydro-; pdxts. spine]. 
A serous effusion within the spinal canal, h. interna, 
syringomyelia, q. v. 

hydrorrhachitis , (hi-dr or-rak-i' -Us) [hydro-; pax*, 
spine; itls, inflammation]. Hydrorrhachis with 
inflammation. See spina bifida. 

hydrorrhea (hi-dr o-re' -ah) [hydro-; pola, a flow]. 
A flow of watery liquid, hydrorrhoea gravidarum, 
a discharge, from the pregnant uterus, of thin mucus 
that accumulates as a result of excessive secretion of 
the uterine glands. 

hydrosadenitis (hi-dr os-ad-en-i' -lis) [hydro-; adr/v, 
gland; ins, inflammation]. See hidrosadenitis. h. 
phlegmonosa, a furunculus beginning in a sweat- 
coil. It is also called hydradenitis destruens sup- 
purativa, acnitis, and folliculitis exulcerans. 

hydrosalpinx (hi-dr o-sal' -pinks) [hydro-; aa\in.y£, 
trumpet]. A distention of the Fallopian tube with 
fluid. 

hydrosarca (hi-dr o-sar'-kah). See anasarca. 

hydrosarcocele (hi-dro-sar'-ko-sel) [hydro-; aap%, 
flesh; K17X77, hernia]. Sarcocele with hydrocele. 

hydroscheocele (hi-dros'-ke-o-sel) [hydro-; ocrx^ov, 
scrotum; /07X77, a tumor]. Dropsical hernia of the 
scrotum. 

hydroscopy (hi-dros' -ko-pe) [hydro-; oko-kHv, to 
examine]. The investigation of water or watery 
fluids. 



HYDROSOL 



440 



HYGROPHANOUS 



hydrosol (hi'-dro-sol). An aqueous colloidal 
solution. 

hydrosoma (hi-dro-so'-mah) [hydro-; o-wpa, body: 
pi., hydrosomata]. In biology, the entire double- 
walled body of a hydrozoon. 

hydrospermatocyst (hi-dro-sper'-mat-o-sisf) [hydro-; 
oirkpua, seed; Kvans, cyst]. A hydrocele whose 
fluid contains spermatozoa. 

hydrosphygmograph (hi-dro-sfig'-mo-graf) [hydro-; 
o-<pvyp.6s, pulse; ypkfw, to write]. A sphygmo- 
graphic apparatus, in which the registering device 
is actuated by the fluctuations of a body of water. 

hydrospirometer (hi-dro-spi-rom'-et-er). A spiro- 
meter in which a column of water acts as an index. 

hydrostat (hi'-dro-stat) [hydro-; ararbs, standing]. 
An apparatus for preventing the spilling of the 
fluid of electric batteries during transportation. 

hydrostatic (hi-dro-stat'-ik) [see hydrostat]. Relat- 
ing to hydrostatics, h. exploration, M. See's method 
of diagnosing pelvic disease by palpation of the 
abdomen while the patient is extended in a bath 
covering its surface, h. test, a test for live birth in 
which the fetal lungs are floated upon water. 

hydrostatics (hi-dro-stat'-iks) [see hydrostat]. The 
science treating of the properties of liquids in a state 
of equilibrium. 

hydrostomia (hi-dro-sto'-me-ah) [hydro-; arbp.a, 
mouth]. Excessive excretion of water from the 
mouth. 

hydrosudopathy (hi-dro-sii-dop'-ath-e) [hydro-; 
sudor, sweat; iraBos, disease]. The treatment of 
disease by sweating and the use of water internally 
or externally, or both. 

hydrosulphuric acid (hi-dro-sul-fu'-rik). See acid, 
hydrosulphuric. 

hydrosyntasis (hi-dro-sin' -las-is) [hydro-]. The 
swelling of tissues, membranes, or protoplasm, etc., 
by the penetration of water. 

hydrosyringomyelia (hi-dro-sir-in-go-mi-e'-le-ah) 
[hydro-; o~vpiyt-, tube; pveXos, marrow]. Dilatation of 
the central canal of the spinal cord by watery effusion, 
attended with degeneration and the formation of 
cavities. 

hydrotaxis (hi-dro-taks'-is) [hydro-; r&fis, arrange- 
ment]. The determination of the direction of move- 
ment by moisture. Cf. hydrotropism. 

hydrotherapeutics (hi-dro-ther-ap-u'-tiks) [hydro-; 
Bepairebeiv, to heal]. The treatment of disease by 
means of water, or the use of water in the treatment 
of disease. 

hydrotherapy (hi-dro-ther'-ap-e). See hydrothera- 
peutics. 

hydrothermal (hi-dro-ther'-mal) [hydro-; Okpp.t), 
heat]. Pertaining to warm water; said of springs. 

hydrothermostat (hi-dro-ther'-mo-stat) [hydro- ; 
thermostat]. An apparatus for providing a con- 
tinuous degree of heat for therapeutic purposes. 

hydro thion (hi-dro-thi'-on) [hydro-; 6eiov, sulphur]. 
Hydrogen sulphide. 

hydrothionammonemia (hi-dro-thi-on-am-o-ne'-me- 
ah) [hydro-; deiov, sulphur; ammonia; alfia, blood]. 
The condition produced by the presence of am- 
monium sulphide in the blood. 

hydrothionemia (hi-dro-thi-on-e'-me-ah) [hydro-; 
BeZov, sulphur; alpta, blood]. The condition pro- 
duced by the presence of hydrogen sulphide in the 
blood. 

hydrothionuria (hi-dro-thi-on-u'-re-ah) [hydro-; 
6elov, sulphur; ovpov, urine]. The presence of 
hydrogen sulphide in the urine. 

hydrothoracic (hi-dro-tho-ras'-ik) [hydro-; thorax]. 
Pertaining to hydrothorax. 

hydrothorax (hi-dro-tho'-raks) [hydro-; B&paZ, 
chest]. The presence of serous fluid in the pleural 
cavity, due to a passive effusion, as in cardiac, renal, 
and other diseases. 

hydrotimeter (hi-dro-tim'-et-er) [hydro-; p.krpov, 
measure]. An apparatus to determine the amount of 
calcareous salts in water by means of soap. 

hydrotis (hi-dro'-tis) [hydro-; fos, ear]. Dropsy of , 
or effusion into, the ear. 

hydrotomy (hi-drot'-o-me) [hydro-; rkfiveiv, to cut]. 
A method of dissecting tissues by the forcible in- 
jection of water into the arteries and capillaries, 
whereby the structures are separated. 

hydrotropism (hi-drof '-ro-pizm) [hydro-; rpbiros, a 
turn]. In biology, that state of a growing plant or 
organ which causes it to turn either away from or 
toward, moisture. 



hydrotympanum (hi-dro-tim'-pan-um) [hydro- ; tym- 
panum, the ear-drum]. Dropsical effusion into the 
cavity of the middle ear. 

hydroureter (hi-dro-u'-re-ter) . Dropsy of the ureter, 
hydrovarium (hi-dro-va'-re-um) [hydro-; ovarium, 
ovary]. Ovarian dropsy, or cystoma. 

hydroxide (hi-droks'-ld) [hydro-; 8£vs, sharp]. A 
metallic or basic radical combined with one or 
more hydroxyl groups. Hydroxides may be re- 
garded as formed from water (HOH) by the sub- 
stitution for one of its hydrogen atoms of a metal 
or basic radical. 

hydroxyl (hi-droks'-il) [see hydroxide]. The uni- 
valent radical, OH, the combination of which with 
basic elements or radicals forms the hydroxide. 

hydroxylamine (Jii-droks-il'-am-in) [hydroxide; 
amine], NH2OH. A basic substance, known only in 
solution in water or in combination with acids. Its 
hydrochloride has been used as a substitute for 
chrysarobin in skin diseases. 

hydrozone (hi'-dro-zon) [hydro-; ozone]. An aque- 
ous solution of chemically pure hydrogen dioxide; 
it is used as a bactericide and healing agent. 

hydruresis (hi-dru-re'-sis) [hydro-; ovpov, urine]. 
The passage of a relatively large proportion of water 
in the urine. 

hydruret (hi'-dru-ret). See hydride. 
hydruria (hi-dru'-re-ah) [hydro-; ovpov, urine]. 
The discharge of a large quantity of urine of low 
specific gravity. 

hydrymenitis (hi-dri-men-i'-tis). See hydrohy- 
menitis. 

hygeia, hygieia Qti-je'-ah, hi-je-i'-ah) [iyleia, 
health]. The state or condition of health. 

hygiama (hi-je-am'-ah). A dietetic said to consist 
of milk, cereals, and cacao. 

hygieinism (hi'-je-in-izm) [vyieia, health]. Sani- 
tation. 

hygieinization (hi-je-in-i-za'-shun). The establish- 
ment of sanitary conditions. 

hygiene (hi'-je-en) [vyieivbs, good for the health]. 
The science that treats of the laws of health and 
the methods of their observance. 

hygienic Qii-je-en'-ik) [see hygiene]. Pertaining to 
hygiene, as hygienic treatment, that which simply 
guards against infraction of the laws of health. 

hygienist (hi-je-en'-ist). One who is a student of, 
or an expert in, hygiene. 

hygieology (hi-je-ol'-o-je) [vyltia, health; \byos, 
science]. The science of health; hygiene, 
hygiology {hi-je-ol'-o-je). See hygieology. 
hygrechema (hi-grek-e'-mah) [vypbs, moist; 'nxv^o.t 
sound: pi., hygrechemata]. The peculiar sound pro- 
duced by a liquid, as heard upon mediate or im- 
mediate auscultation. 

hygric (hi'-grik) [vypos, moist]. Pertaining or 
relating to moisture. 

hygrine (hi'-grin) [vypos, moist], C12H13N. A 
liquid alkaloid derived from coca. 

hygro- (hi-gro-) [vypbs, moist]. A prefix denoting 
moist or relating to moisture. 

hygroblepharic (hi-gro-blef'-ar-ik) [vypos, moist; 
p\&papov, eyelid]. Serving to moisten the eyelid, 
as a hygroblepharic duct. 

hygrocele (hi'-gro-sel) [vypbs, moist; k^v, a 
tumor]. Same as hydrocele. 

hygrodermia (hi-gro-der'-me-ah) [vypos, moist; 
8ipp.a, skin]. An edematous non-inflammatory skin- 
affection. 

hygrol Qii'-grol). Colloidal mercury. 
hygrology {hi-groV -o-je) [vypos, moist; X6t<w, 
science]. The science of the fluids, or so-called 
humors, of the body. 

hygroma {hi-gro' -mah) [hygro-; 8p,a, tumor]. A 
bursa, or newly formed sac. distended with fluid. 

hygromatous (hi-gro' -mat-us) [vypos, moist; op.a, 
tumor]. Pertaining to, or characterized by, a 
hygroma. 

hygrometer (hi-grom'-et-er) [hygro-; perpov, a 
measure]. An instrument for determining quantita- 
tively the amount of moisture in the air. 

hygrometric (hi-gro-met'-rik) [see hygrometer]. 
1. Pertaining to hygrometry. 2. Readily absorbing 
water; hygroscopic. 

hygrometry (hi-grom'-et-re) [see hygrometer]. The 
measurement of the moisture of the air. 

hygrophanous (hi-grof -an-us) [vypos, moist; <$>b.vi\s, 
show]. In biology, applied to such plant-structures 
as are transparent when wet, but opaque when 
dry. 



HYGROPHOBIA 



441 



HYPAMNIOS 



hygrophobia (hi-gro-fo'-be-ah) [vypbs, moist; <£6/3os, 
fear]. Insane dislike of water or of moisture. 

hygroscope (hi'-gro-skop) [vypbs, moist; aicoireii>, 
to inspect]. An instrument that indicates variations 
in the moisture of the air. 

hygroscopic (Jti-gro-skop'-ik) [hygro-; crKoirelv, to 
see]. Having the property of absorbing moisture 
from the air. # 

hygrostomia (hi-gro-sto'-me-ah) [hygro-; arb/ia, 
mouth]. Chronic salivation. 

hyla (hi'-lah). See paraqueduct. 

hyle (hi'-le) [SX17, matter]. The primitive un- 
differentiated matter, mass, or body in nature. Cf. 
protyle. 

hylephobia (hi-le-fo' -be-ah) [hyle; <j>b&os, fear]. 
Insane dread of materialistic doctrines. 

hylic (hi'-lik). 1. Relating to primitive matter. 
2. Adami's name for primal pulp-tissue. 

hylogenesis (Jhi-lo-jen'-es-is) [8X77, matter; ykv&iis, 
formation]. The formation of matter. 

hylogeny (hi-loj'-en-e). Same as hylogenesis. 

hylology (hi-lol'-o-je) [vKrj, matter; \byos, science]. 
The science of elementary or crude material. 

hyloma (hi-lo'-mah) [vXrj, matter; fyta, tumor], 
A tumor originating in one of the primal pulp- 
tissues; subdivided into epihyloma, hypohyloma, and 
mesohyloma. 

hylopathism (hi-lop'-ath-izm) [&X17, matter; iraBos, 
disease]. Any disease arising from defect or disorder 
of the body-substance. 

hylozoism Qii-lo-zo' -izm) [8X77, matter; £&H7, life]. 
The theory that all matter is endowed with life. 

hymen Qii'-men) [v^v, membrane]. The fold of 
mucous membrane that partially occludes the vaginal 
entrance, h., imperforate, a congenital abnormality, 
the hymen not having an opening, and thus closing 
the vaginal outlet or inlet, h., forms of. 1. Bi- 
fenestrate, or hymen biforis, with two openings. 2. 
Bilobate, with two lobes. 3. Circular, with a small 
foramen. 4. Cribriform, with many holes. 5. Den- 
ticular, with a serrate edge. 6. Double (rare). 
7._ Fimbriate, with fringed edges. 8. Horseshoe, 
with its convexity downward. 9. Imperforate. 
10. Normal. 11. Semilunar, same as 10, or normal. 
12. Hymen septus, divided across by a slit. 13. 
Hymen subseptus, covering only the anterior and 
posterior portions of the passage. 

hymenal {hi'-me-nal). Pertaining to the hymen. 
h. tubercles, the carunculce myrtiformes, q. v. 

hymenitis (hi-men-i'-tis) [hymen; iris, inflamma- 
tion]. Inflammation of the hymen or of any mem- 
branous structure. 

hymenography (hi-men-og'-ra-fe) [ifiriv, membrane; 
ypa<peiu, to write]. Same as hymenology. 

Hymenolepis (hi-men-ol'-ep-is). A genus of 
Cestoda or tape worms. H. diminuta, a tapeworm 
of rats and mice, occasionally found in man. H. 
lanceolata, a tapeworm of ducks and geese; rarely 
found in man. H. nana, a diminutive tapeworm 
about 1 inch long sometimes found in the human 
intestines; also called Taenia nana. 

hymenology (hi-men-ol'-o-je) [hymen; \6yos, sci- 
ence]. The science of the nature, structure, func- 
tions, and diseases of membranes. 

hymenomalacia (Jti-men-o-mal-a'-se-ah) [vp.r)v, 
membrane; fxaKada, softness]. An abnormal soften- 
ing of membranous tissues. 

Hymenoptera Qii-men-op' -ter-ah) [vpL-qv, membrane; 
nrepdv, wing]. An order of insects distinguished by 
two pairs of membranous wings. It includes ants, 
bees, wasps, ichneumons, flies, etc. 

hymenorrhaphy (hi-men-or'-a-fe) [vy.i)v, hymen; 
pa4>T), suture], 1. Closure, more or less complete, 
of the vagina by suture at the hymen. 2. Suture of 
any membrane. 

hymenotome (jii-men'-o-tom) [vpi\v, membrane; 
Tkp.vtiv K to cut], A cutting instrument used in 
operations upon membranes. 

hymenotomy Qii-men-ot'-o-me) [17157". membrane; 
rk\ivuv, to cut], 1. Surgical incision of the hymen. 
2. Dissection or anatomy of membranes. 

hyo- (hi'-o-) [voeibys, hyoid], A prefix denoting 
attachment to or connection with the hyoid bone. 

hyobasioglossus Qii-o-ba-se-o-glos'-us). See basio- 
glossus. 

hyocholalic (hi-o-ko-la'-lik) [5s, a pig; X0X17, bile]. 
Derived from pig's bile, as hyocholalic acid. 

hyoepiglottic, hyoepiglottidean (hi-o-ep-e-glot'-ik, 
hi-o-ep-e-glot-id'-e-an) [hyoid; epiglottis}. Relating to 
the hyoid bone and the epiglottis. 



hygolossal (hi-o-glos'-al) [hyoid; y\u<raa, tongue]. 
1. Pertaining to the hyoglossus. 2. Extending 
from the hyoid bone to the tongue. 

hyoglossus Qii-o-glos'-us). See under muscle. 

hyoid (hi'-oid) [T, or v the Greek letter upsilon; elSos, 
form]. Having the form of the Greek letter upsilon. 
h. bone, a bone situated between the root of the 
tongue and the larynx, supporting the tongue and 
giving attachment to its muscles. 

hyolaryngeal (hi-o-lar-in'-je-al). Related to or 
connected with the hyoid bone and the larynx. 

hyomandibular (hi-o-man-dib'-u-lar). Relating to 
the hyoid bone and the inferior maxilla. 

hyomental (Jii-o-ment'-al). Relating to the hyoid 
bone and the chin. 

hyopharyngeus (hi-o-far-in'-je-us). The middle 
pharyngeal constrictor. 

hyoscine (hi'-o-sin) C17H21NO4. A liquid alkaloid 
found in hyoscyamus. It is a powerful depressant 
of the cerebrum and the motor centers of the cord, 
and is employed in insomnia, mania, and excessive 
sexual excitement, h. hydrobromide (hyoscince hydro- 
bromidum, U. S. P.), the most commonly adminis- 
tered form. Dose ris—sTs SX- (0.0005-0.0008 Gm.). 

hyoscyamine (hi-o-si'-am-in) C17H23NO3. An al- 
kaloid occurring in hyoscyamus. It is isomeric 
with atropine, is a mydriatic, narcotic, and seda- 
tiye. Dose t^j gr. (0.0005 Gm.), h. hydrobro- 
mide (hyoscyamince hydrobromidum, U. S. P.), 
yellowish- white, amorphous masses, with nauseous 
taste and odor of tobacco. It is mydriatic, hyp- 
notic, and sedative. Dose jhr~is §?"• (0.0005-0.001 
Gm.) several times daily; as hypnotic for insane §-J 
gr. (0.008-0.016 Gm.). h., pseudo-, C17H23NO3, that 
obtained from Duboisia myoporoides. It is sedative 
and antispasmodic. Dose for the sane Ao - J is SX- 
(0.0005-0.001 Gm.); injection for insane a V~-A SX- 
(0.002-0.006 Gm.). h. sulphate {hyoscyamince sul- 
phas, U. S. P.), the neutral sulphate of an alkaloid 
obtained from hyoscyamus. Dose j^g gr. (0.0005 
Gm.). 

hyoscyamus (hi-o-si'-am-us). Henbane; a plant 
of the order Solanacece. The leaves and flower- 
ing tops of H. niger yield the alkaloids hyoscy- 
amine and hyoscine. It is sedative to the nervous 
system, and has been employed in hysteria, cough, 
and colic, and to relieve pain in rheumatism, head- 
ache, and malignant tumors, h., extract of (extrac- 
tum hyoscyami, U. S. P.). Dose 1-2 gr. (0.065-0.13 
Gm.). h., fluidextract of (fluidextr -actum hyoscyami, 
U. S. P.). Dose 5-10 min. (0.32-0.65 Cc). h. juice 
(succus hyoscyami, B. P.). Dose |-i dr. (2-4 Cc). 
h., tincture of (Jtinctura hyoscyami, U. S. P.). Dose 
i-i dr. (2-4 Cc). 

hyospondylotomy (hi-o-spon-dil-ot'-o-me) [hyo-; 
cir6v8v\os, vertebra; reftveir, to cut]. In veterinary 
practice, puncture of the laryngeal pouch. 

hyosternal (Jii-o-ster'-nal) [hyo-; arkpvov, sternum]. 

1. Relating to the hyoid bone and the sternum. 

2. In biology, the second lateral piece of the plastron 
of a turtle; it is also called hyoplastron. 

hyovertebrotomy (hi-o-vur-te-brot'-o-me). See hyo- 
spondylotomy. 

hyp (hip) [vtto, under]. A popular name for hypo- 
chondriasis, or persistent depression of spirits; hypo. 

hypacidemia (hi-pas-id-e'-me-ah) [inro, under; 
acid; at/xa, blood]. Deficiency of acid in the blood. 

hypacidity Qiip-as-id'-it-e) [hypo-; acidity]. Sub- 
acidity; deficiency in acid constituents. 

hypacousis, hypacusia, hypacusis (hip-ah-koo'-sis, 
hip-ah-ku' -ze-ah) [hypo-; aicovais, hearing]. Im- 
pairment of hearing. 

hypactic (hi-pak'-tik) [virayeiv, to carry down]. 
Slightly purgative. Syn., hypagogue. Cf. lapactic. 

hypaesthesia (hip-es-the' -ze-ah). See hypesthesia. 

hypagogue (hi'-pah-gog). See hypactic. 

hypalbuminosis {hip-al-bu-min-o' -sis) [hypo-; albu- 
min]. Diminution in the proportion of albumin in 
the blood. 

hypalgesia (hip-al-je' -ze-ah) v-n-6, under; 4X7770-15, 
painfulness]. Diminished sensitiveness to pain. 

hypalgia (hip-al'-je-ah) [wo, under; aKyos, pain]. 
Slight or moderate pain; diminished sensibility to 
pain. 

bypalgic (hip-al'-jik) [vt6, under; &\yos, pain]. 
Slightly painful; experiencing slight pain. 

hypamnios, hypamnion (hi-pam'-ne-os, hi-pam'- 
ne-on) [hypo-; amnion]. Diminution in the amount 
of amniotic fluid. 



HYPANAKINESIS 



442 



HYPERCHROMA 



hypanakinesis (hi-pan-ak-in-e'-sis) [hypo-; avaicL- 
vi)<n%, a swaying to and fro]. Diminution in the 
movements of the stomach or intestines. 

hypanisognathism (hip-an-is-og' -nath-izm) [hypo-; 
avitros, unequal, uneven; yv&dos, the jaw]. In biology, 
a lack of correspondence between the teeth of the 
opposite jaws. Cf . anisognathism and epanisognathism. 

hypanisognathous (hip-an-is-og' -na-thus) [hypo-; 
avuros, unequal, uneven; yvABos, the jaw]. In biology, 
having the upper teeth broader than the lower. 

hypaphorine (hi-paf'-or-en). A crystalline alkaloid 
derived from the seeds of Erythrina lithosperma. 

hypapophysis (hip-ap-off'-is-is) [hypo-; apophysis: 
pi., hypapophyses). An anterior or ventral apophysis 
from the centrum of a vertebra in the human skele- 
ton; the atlas is held by some to have an hypophysis, 
which is blended with the ring of that vertebra. 

hypapoplexia (hip-ap-o-pleks'-e-ah) [hypo-; awoir\r)£- 
ta, apoplexy]. A slight apoplexy. 

hyparterial (hi-par-te'-re-al) [hypo-; artery]. Situ- 
ated beneath an artery. 

hypasthenia (hip-as-the' -ne-ah) [hypo-; ao-deveia, 
weakness]. Loss of strength in a slight degree. 

hypatmism (Jti'-pat-mizm) [hypo-; arp.6s, vapor]. 
Fumigation. 

hypatonia (hip-at-o' -ne-ah) [hypo- ; atony]. A slight 
amount of atony. 

hypaxial (hi-paks'-e-al) [hypo-; axis]. Situated 
beneath or ventrad of the body-axis. Cf. epaxial. 

hypectasia, hypectasis (hi-pek-ta' -ze-ah, hi-pek'- 
ta-sis) [hypo-; &ra<rts, a stretching]. Slight or 
moderate distention. 

hypemia (hip-e'-me-ah). See hyphemia. 

hypencephalon (hi-pen-sef'-al-on) [hypo- ; ey/cec^aXos, 
brain]. The corpora quadrigemina, pons and 
medulla. 

hypendocrisia (hi-pen-do-kris'-e-ah). Same as 
hypoendocrinism. 

hypeosinophil (hi-pe-o-sin'-o-fil) [hypo- ; eosinophil]. 
i. A histological element which does not stain com- 
pletely with eosin. 2. Staining imperfectly with 
eosin. 

hyper- (hi-per-) [virep, over]. A Greek prefix 
signifying above, beyond, or excessive. 

byperabduction (hi-pur-ab-duk'-shun). See super- 
abduction. 

hyperacanthosis (hi-per-ak-an-tho'-sis) [hyper- ; 
&Kav6a, thorn]. Abnormal growth of the prickle- 
cell layer of the epidermis, as in warts and condy- 
lomata. 

hyperacid (hi-per-as'-id). Excessively acid. 

hyperacidity (hi-per-as-id'-it-e) [hyper-; acidity]. 
Excessive acidity. 

hyperacousis, hyperacusia, hyperacusis (hi-per- 
nh-koo'-sis, hi-per-ah-koo' -ze-ah) [hyper-; aicovais, 
hearing]. Morbid acuteness of the sense of hearing; 
auditory hyperesthesia. 

hyperactivity (hi-per -ak-tiv'-it-e) [hyper-; activity]. 
Excessive or abnormal activity. 

hyperacuity (hi-per-a-ku'-e-te) [hyper-; acuitas, 
sharpness of vision]. Abnormal or morbid acuity. 

hyperadenoma (hi-pur-ad-en-o'-mah) [hyper-; over; 
aSr/v, gland]. An enlarged lymph-gland. 

hyperadenosis (hi-per-ad-en-o'-sis) [hyper-; &8r)v, 
gland; vbaos, disease]. Enlargement of the lymph- 
glands; Hodgkin's disease. 

hyperaemia (hi-per-e'-me-ah). See hyperemia. 

hyperaeration (hi-per-a-er-a'-shun) [hyper-; ar/p, 
air]. The condition of being furnished with excess 
of ozone. 

hyperesthesia (hi-per -es-the' -ze-ah). See hyper- 
esthesia. 

hyperalbuminemia (hi-per-al-bu-min-e'-me-ah) . 

Pernicious anemia characterized by more than the 
normal percentage of albumin in the blood. 

hyperalbuminosis (hi-per-al-bil-min-o'-sis) [hyper- ; 
albumin]. An increase in the amount of albumin in 
the blood. 

hyperalgesia (hi-per-al-je' -ze-ah) [hyper-; d.\yri<ns, 
pain]. Excessive sensibility to pain, h., acoustic, 
h., auditory, a painful sensation in the ear caused by 
noises. Syn., hyperesthesia acustica. h., muscular, 
muscular fatigue and exhaustion attending certain 
diseases, h., olfactory, painful sensitiveness of the 
olfactory apparatus to certain odors. 

hyperalgesic (hi-per-al-je' -zik) [hyper-; ahyr)<ns, 
pain]. Exhibiting or appertaining to hyperalgesia. 

hyperalgia (hi-per-al'-je-ah) [hyper-; aXyrjo-is, 
pain]. Excessive pain. h., acoustic, excessive 
hyperacousis. 



hyperalimentation (hi-per-al-e-men-ta'-shun). See 
superalimentation . 

hyperalimentosis (hi-per-al-e-men-to' -sis) . A mor- 
bid condition due to superalimentation. 

hyperalkalescence (hi-per-al-kal-es'-ens). Exces- 
sive alkalinity. 

hyperalonemia (hi-per-al-on-e'-me-ah) [hyper-; aXs, 
salt; alfia, blood]. Excess of blood-salts. 

hyperamnesia (hi-per-am-ne' -ze-ah). See hyperm- 
nesia. 

hyperanabolism (hi-per-an-ab'-o-lizm) [hyper-; ava- 
(3a\\eiv, to build up]. Hypertrophy or excess of 
construction of a tissue or part. 

hyperanakinesis (hi-per -an-ak-in-e' -sis) [hyper- ; 
&i>aicivr}(Tis, a moving upward; excitement]. Ex- 
cessive activity of a part. h. ventriculi, exaggerated 
activity of the gastric functions. 

hyperanarthric (hi-per-an-ar'-thrik) [hyper-; a, 
priv.; apdpov, a joint]. Excessively defective in the 
joints. 

hyperaphia (hi-per-a'-fe-ah) [hyper-; atp-q, touch]. 
Excessive sensitiveness to touch. 

hyperaphic (hi-per -af-ik) [hyper-; &<j>ri, touch]. 
Having morbid sensitiveness to touch. 

hyperaphrodisia (hi-per-af-ro-diz'-e-ah) [hyper-; 
aphrodisia]. An over-strong venereal appetite. 

hyperapophyseal (hi-per-ap-o-fis'-e-al) [hyper-; 
&7r60uats, apophysis]. Pertaining to a hyperapo- 
physis. 

hyperapophysis (hi-per-ap-off'-is-is) [hyper-; apo- 
physis]. A process projecting backward from a 
neural spine. 

hyperarithmous (hi-pur-ar-ith'-mus) [hyper-; &pid- 
p.6s, a number]. Supernumerary. 

hyperarthric (hi-pur-ar'-thrik) [hyper-; apdpov, 
joint]. Having supernumerary joints. 

hyperarthritic (hi-pur-ar-thrit'-ik). Relating to 
hyper arthritis. 

hyperarthritis (hi-per-arth-ri'-tis) [hyper-; apdpov, 
joint; ins, inflammation]. Severe arthritis. 

hyperasthenia (hi-per-as-the' -ne-ah) [hyper-; aoOk- 
veia, weakness]. Extreme weakness. 

hyperauxesis (hi-per-awks-e'-sis) [hyper-; aC^o-is, 
increase]. Extreme increase in the size of a part. 

hyperazoturia (hi-per-az-ot-u' -re-ah) [hyper-; azote; 
ovpov, urine]. Excess of nitrogenous matter in the 
urine. 

hyperbolic (hi-per-bol'-ik) [hyper-; (iaWeiv, to 
throw]. Exaggerated. 

hyperbrachycephalic (hi-per-brak-e-sef-al'-ik) [hy- 
per-; flpaxvs, short; K&paXr), head]. Extremely 
brachycephalic. 

hyperbrachycephaly (hi-per-brak-e-sef'-al-e) [hyper- ; 
(ipaxvs, short; K^pa\i], head]. Extreme brachycephaly. 

hyperbulia (hi-per-bu'-le-ah) [hyper-; /3ouX^, will]. 
Exaggerated wilfulness; abnormal development of 
will-power. 

hypercardia (hi-per-kar'-de-ah) [hyper-; icapSla, 
the heart]. Cardiac hypertrophy. 

hypercardiotrophy (hi-pur-kar-de-ot'-ro-fe) [hyper-; 
napUa, heart; rpo^rj, nourishment]. Hypertrophy 
of the heart. 

hypercatabolism (hi-per -hat-ab' -o-lizm) [hyper-; 
Kara, down; /3aXXet»', to throw]. Wasting or excess 
of destruction of a tissue or part. 

hypercatharsis (hi-per-kath-ar'-sis) [hyper-; KaBao- 
o-ls, cleansing]. Excessive purging. 

hypercedemonia (hi-per -se-de-mo' -ne-ah) [hyper- ; 
K-nhep-ovla, anxiety]. 1. Extreme anxiety or grief. 
2. Excessive care on the part of the physician. 

hypercele (hi'-per-sel) [hyper-; noikia, belly]. 
The dorsal portion of the epicele. 

hypercementosis (hi-pur-sem-en-to'-sis). See exo- 
stosis, dental. 

hypercenosis (hi-per-sen-o'-sis) [hyper-; Kkvuavs, 
evacuation]. Excessive evacuation, as by purging 
or bleeding. 

hyperchlorhydria (hi-per-klor-hi'-dre-ah) [hyper-; 
chlorhydria]. Excess of hydrochloric acid in the 
gastric secretion. Rossbach's disease. 

hypercholesteremia (hi-per -ko-les-ter-e'-me-ah) [hy- 
per-; X0X17, bile; arkap, fat; alp.a, blood]. Excess of 
cholesterin in the blood. 

hypercholia (hi-per-ko'-le-ah) [hyper-; xoKn, bile]. 
An excessive secretion of bile. 

hyperchondroma (hi-per-kon-dro'-mah) [hyper- ; 
chondroma]. A cartilaginous tumor. 

hyperchroma (hi-per-kro'-mah) [hyper-; xp&p- a > 
color]. -The excessive formation of the pigment of 
the skin, as in phthiriasis or syphilis. 



HYPERCHROMASIA 



443 



HYPERGLYCISTIA 



hyperchromasia (hi-per-kro-ma'-ze-ah) [hyper- ; 
~xp<i>na, color], A condition characterized by excess 
of pigment. 

hyperchromatic (hi-per-kro-mat'-ik) [hyper-; xp^m«. 
color]. Exhibiting hyperchroma. 

hyperchromatism (Jhi-per-kro'-mat-izm). Same as 
hyperchroma. 

hyperchromatosis (hi-per-kro-mat-o'-sis) [hyper-; 
xpco/ia, color]. Excessive pigmentation, as of the 
•skin. 

hyperchylia (hi-per-ki'-le-ah) [hyper-; xi/X6s, juice]. 
Excess of secretion; excessive formation of chyle. 

hypercinesia (Jti-per-sin-e'-ze-ah). See hyper- 
kinesia. 

hypercinesis (hi-pur-sin-e'-sis). See hyperkinesis. 

hypercompensation Qii-per-kom-pen-sa'-shun). The 
formation of more plastic material than is necessary 
to compensate for loss. 

hypercrinia (hi-per-krin'-e-ah) [hyper-; nplveiv, to 
separate]. Abnormal or excessive secretion. 

hypercritical Qii-pur-crit'-ik-al). Relating to a 
crisis of excessive severity. 

hypercryalgesia (hi-pur-kri-al-je'-ze-ah) [hyper-; 
jcpvos, cold; aXyrio-is, pain]. Abnormal sensitiveness 
to cold. 

hypercusia (hi-per-ku'-ze-ah). See hyperacusia. 

hypercyesis (hi-per-si-e'-sis) [hyper-; K\rq<ns, con- 
ception]. I. Superfetation. 2. The condition in 
which conceptions follow each other rapidly. 

hypercyrtosis (hi-per-sir-to'-sis) [hyper-; Kvprwais, 
curvature]. Extreme curvature, as of the back or a 
limb. 

hypercythemia (Jhi-per-si-the'-me-ah) [hyper-; /euros, 
cell; al/xa, blood]. Increase in the blood-corpuscles 
compared with the serum. 

hyperdacryosis (hi-pur-dak-re-o'-sis) [hyper-; Saicpv, 
a tear]. An excessive secretion of tears. 

hyperdactylia {hi-per-dak-til'-e-ah) [hyper-; 5d/erv- 
Xos, finger]. Polydactylism. 

hyperdermatosis (hi-per-der-mat-o'-sis) [hyper-; 
Sepp,a, skin]. Hypertrophy of the skin. 

hyperdesmosis (hi-per-dez-mo'-sis) [hyper-; 5e<rp,6s, 
a bond]. Hypertrophy of the connective tissue. 

hyperdiacrisis (hi-pur-di-ak'-ris-is) [hyper-; Sia- 
«pi<ris, a separating]. An abnormally severe crisis. 

hyperdicrotic (hi-per-di-krot'-ik) [hyper-; dUporos, 
a double beat]. Affected with marked or delayed 
dicrotism; a condition in which the aortic notch is 
below the base-line. 

hyper dicrotism (hi-per-dik'-rot-izm) [hyper-; SUpo- 
tos, a double beat]. Strongly marked or excessive 
dicrotism. 

hyperdiemorrhysis (hi-per-di-e-mor'-e-sis) [hyper- ; 
3id, through; alp.a, blood; pvats, flowing]. Excessive 
circulation of the blood through the veins. 

hyperdistention (hi-per-dis-teri -shun) [hyper-; dis- 
tendere, to stretch]. Forcible or extreme distention. 

hyperdiuresis {hi-per-di-u-re' -sis) [hyper-; diovpeeiv, 
to pass urine]. Excessive secretion of urine. 

hyperdontogeny (hi-per-don-toj'-en-e) [hyper-; 6Sovs, 
tooth; yevi>ai>, to produce]. The occurrence of a 
third dentition in mature life. 

hyperdynamia (hi-per-di-nam'-e-ah) [hyper-; dwa- 
/tts, energy]. Excessive strength of exaggeration of 
nervous or muscular function. 

hyperdynamic (hi-per-di-nam'-ik) [hyper-; Svvap.ts, 
energy]. Pertaining to, or marked by, hyperdy- 
namia. 

hypereccrisia, hypereccrisis (hi-per-ek-kris'-e-ah, 
hi-per-ek'-kris-is) [hyper-; e/e, out; uplvtiv, to separate]. 
Excessive excretion. 

hypereccritic, hyperecritic {hi-per-ek-rit'-ik). Re- 
lating to hypereccrisis. 

hyperechema (hi-per-ek-e'-mah) [hyper-; vxvfia, 
sound; pi., hyperechemata]. A normal sound ab- 
normally exaggerated. 

hyperechesis (hi-per-ek-e'-sis) [hyper-; vxv<r<-s, 
sound]. Abnormal loudness of voice. 

hyperemesis (hi-per-em'-es-is) [hyper-; ep.tats, 
vomiting]. Excessive vomiting, h. gravidarum. See 
morning sickness, h. lactantium, intractable vomit- 
ing of nurslings. 

hyperemetic (hi-per-em-et'-ik) [hyper-; exeats, 
vomiting]. Pertaining to, or characterized by, 
excessive vomiting. 

hyperemia {hi-per-e'-me-ah) [hyper-; alp.a, blood]. 
Excessive blood in a part, h., active, that caused by 
an excessive supply of blood going to a part, h., 
arterial, that due to increase of the blood-current 
from dilatation of the arterioles, h., Bier's passive. 



See Bier's h. h., collateral, h., compensatory, con- 
gestion, either arterial or venous, in one part, com- 
pensatory to anemia in another part through trans- 
ferred blood-pressure, h., latent, the condition 
following continued light-treatment, marked by 
distinct redness appearing after very slight stimulation 
and consisting in dilatation of the cutaneous vessels, 
exudation, and local leukocytosis, h., passive, that 
caused by an impediment to the removal of the 
blood, h. of stasis. See h., passive, h., venous, 
that due to diminution of the velocity of the 
current, from obstruction of the outflow through 
the veins. Syn., hypercemia venosa. 

hyperencephalus {hi-per-en-sef'-a-lus) [hyper-; iy- 
Ke<pa\os, brain]. A variety of single autositic 
monsters in which the upper portion of the skull is 
entirely lacking. 

hyperendocrinism Qti-per-en-dok'-rin-izm) [hyper-; 
tvbbv, within; npivtiv, to separate]. Abnormal in- 
crease of an internal secretion; the opposite of hy- 
poendocrinism. 

hyperenergy Qii-per-en'-er-je). Excessive energy 
or action. 

hyperenteritis (Jii-per-en-ter-i'-tis) [hyper-; Ivnpov, 
intestine; ins, inflammation]. Acute intestinal 
inflammation; severe enteritis. 

* hyperenterosis (hi-per-en-ter-o'-sis) [hyper- ; evrepov, 
bowel]. Hypertrophy of the intestines. 

hyperephidrosis ' (hi-per-ef-hid-ro'-sis) [hyper- ; i<p- 
Lbpwavs, perspiration]. Excessive or long-con- 
tinued sweating. 

hypererethisia, hypererethism {hi-per-er-eth-iz'- 
e-ah, hi-per-er' -eth-izm) [hyper-; lpe8i<rp.6s, irrita- 
tion]. Excessive nervous or mental irritability. 

hyperergasia Qii-per-er-ga' -se-ah) [hyper-; epyaaia, 
work]. Increased work or functional activity. 

hyperergia {hi-per-er' -je-ah) [hyper-; Ipyov, work]. 
Increased functional activity. 

hypererythrocythemia {hi-per-er-ith-ro-si-the'-me- 
ah) [hyper-; epvdpos, red; /euros, cell; alfia, blood]. 
Excess of red corpuscles in the blood. 

hyperesophoria (hi-per-es-o-fo'-re-ah). See hetero- 
phoria. 

hyperesthesia (hi-per-es-the'-ze-ah) [hyper-; aladr]- 
o-is, sensation]. Excessive sensibility. 

hyperesthetic Qii-per-es-thet'-ik) [hyper-; atadr)<ns, 
sensation]. Pertaining to hyperesthesia. 

hyperesophoria (hi-per-eks-o-fo'-re-ah). A turning 
of the eyes upward and outward. 

hyperextension (hi-per-eks-ten'-shun). Excessive 
extension for the correction of orthopedic deformi- 
ties. 

hyperfecundation {hi-per-fe-kun-da'-shun). Same 
as super jecundation. 

hyperflexion {hi-per-fiek'-shun) [hyper-; flexio, a 
bending]. Overflexion, as of a limb. This is one 
method of treating aneurysm. 

hypergasia {hi-per-ga'-se-ah) [hypo-; Ipydcrta, work . 
Diminished work or functional activity. 

hypergastritis (ht-per-gas-tri'-tis). Very severe 
gastritis. 

hypergenesis (hi-per-jen'-es-is) [hyper-; ykveffiK, 
generation]. Excess or redundancy of the parts or 
organs of the body. 

hypergenetic (hi-per-jen-et'-ik) [hyper-; ykvt<rvs, 
generation]. Marked by enlargement or increase of 
size. See also teratism. 

hypergenitalism (hi-per-jen'-it-al-izm) [hyper-; 
genital]. Abnormal activity of the internal secretions 
of the genital organs, producing undue development 
of the genitals, and precocious puberty. 

hypergeusesthesia {hi-pur-gu-ses-the' -ze-ah) . See 
hypergeusia. 

hypergeusia (hi-per-gu'-se-ah) [hyper-; yev<ri.s, 
taste]. Abnormal acuteness of the sense of taste. 

hypergigantosoma (hi-per-ji-gant-o-so'-mah) [hy- 
per-; 71-yas, a giant; au>p.a, body]. Extraordinary 
gigantism. 

hyperglobulia (hi-per-glo-bu'-le-ah) [hyper-; globus, 
a ball]. An increase in the number of red blood- 
corpuscles. 

hyperglucosic (hi-per-gloo-ko'-sik). A term applied 
to any diabetic diet containing an amount of carbo- 
hydrates larger than the patient's tolerance. 

hyperglycemia (hi-per-gli-se'-me-ah) [hyper-; yXvKvs, 
sweet; alfia, blood]. Excess of sugar in the blood. 

hyperglycistia (hi-per-gli-sis'-te-ah) [hyper-; yXvKvs, 
sweet; 1<ttos, tissue]. Excess of glucose in the 
tissues. 



HYPERGLYCOGENIA 



444 



HYPEROIC 



hyperglycogenia (hi-per-gli-ko-je'-ne-ah) [hyper-; 
y\vKvs, sweet; yevr/s, producing]. The excessive 
production of glycogen. 

hyperhedonia (hi-per-hed-o' -ne-ah) [hyper-; vSovl), 
pleasure]. Extreme delight in the gratification of a 
desire. 

hyperhematosia, hyperhematosis (hi-per-hem-at-o'- 
ze-ah, hi-per-hem-at-o'-sis). i. Extraordinary activity 
or pressure of the blood. 2. Excess of blood. Syn., 
hyperematosis; hyperemosis. 

hyperhemia, hyperhsemia (hi-per-he'-me-ah). See 
hyperemia. 

hyperhidrosis, hyperidrosis (hi-per-hid-ro'-sis, hi- 
per-id-ro' -sis) [hyper-; ISpus, sweat]. Excessive 
sweating. 

hyperhydremia (hi-per-hi-dre'-me-ah) [hyper-; vSwp, 
water; alp.a, blood]. Excess of water in the blood. 

hyperhypnosis (hi-per -hip-no' 'sis) [hyper-; virvos, 
sleep]. Excessive or frequent drowsiness and sleep. 

Hypericum (hi-per' -ik-um). St. John's wort; a 
genus of plants, mostly herbs or shrubs, with a 
resinous juice. H. perforatum, one of the commonest 
of the 160 species, has styptic, stimulant, and diuretic 
properties, but is now used mainly in domestic 
practice. Dose of the ext., gr. x-xx; of the fid. ext., 
5 j-ij. 

hypendeation (hi-per-i-de-a'-shun) [hyper-; idea] u 
Excessive or morbid mental activity. 

hyperidrosis (hi-per-id-ro'-sis). See hyperidrosis. 

hyperino-epithelioma (hi-per-' in-o-ep-ith-e-le-o'- 
mah) [hyper-; is, a fiber; eirl, upon; drfKii, nipple; 
6jua, tumor: pi., hyperino-epitheliomata]. Scirrhous 
carcinoma with an abundance of fibrous elements. 

hyperinosemia (hi-per-in-o-se' -me-ah) [hyper-; is, 
fiber; alfia, blood]. An exaggerated tendency to the 
formation of fibrin in the blood. 

hyperinosis (hi-per-in-o'-sis) [hyper-; is, fiber]. An 
excessive increase in the fibrin-factors in the blood. 

hyperinotic (hi-per-in-ol'-ik) [hyper-; is, fiber]. 
Characterized by hyperinosis. 

hyperinvolution (hi-per-in-vo-lw '-shun) [hyper-; in- 
volvere, to roll around]. Excessive involution of an 
organ after enlargement, as of the uterus after 
pregnancy, resulting in a reduction below the normal 
size. 

hyperisotonia (hi-per-is-o-to' -ne-ah) [hyper-; iaos, 
equal; tovos, tone]. Unusual equality of tone or 
tension ^applied to muscles. 

hyperisotonic (hi-per-is-o-ton'-ik) [hyper-; io-os, 
equal; tovos, tone]. Applied to a solution of greater 
density than the blood or some other fluid taken as a 
standard. 

hyperisotonicity (hi-per-is-o-ton-is'-it-e). The con- 
dition of infusions having too great a saline per- 
centage. 

hyperkeratinization (hi-per-ker-at-in-i-za'-shun). A 
hypertrophy of the epithelium seen in the palms 
and soles in chronic arsenical poisoning. 

hyperkeratomycosis (hi-per-ker-at-o-mi-ko'-sis) [hy- 
per-; Kkpas, horn; hvktjs, fungus]. Hyperkeratosis 
caused by a parasitic fungus. 

hyperkeratosis (hi-per-ker-at-o'-sis) [hyper-; Kkpas, 
cornea; horn]. 1. Hypertrophy of the cornea. 
2. Hypertrophy of the horny layer of the skin. 
h. lacunaris pharyngis, a condition characterized by 
numerous hard white masses sometimes developing 
into long horny spines, projecting from the follicles 
of the lymphoid ring about the pharynx. 

hyperkinesia (hi-per-kin-e'-ze-ah) [hyper-; kLvtjo-is, 
energy]. Excessive movement, as that associated 
with muscular spasm. 

hyperkinetic (hi-per-kin-et'-ik) [hyper-; riv-no-is, 
energy]. Pertaining to, or marked by, hyperkinesia. 

hyperkoria (hi-per-ko'-re-ah) [hyper-; Kopos, sati- 
ety]. The condition of being quickly satisfied. 

hyperlactation (hi-per -lak-ta' -shun) [hyper-; lactare, 
to give milk]. Prolongation of lactation beyond the 
ninth month. 

hyperleukocythemia (hi-per-lu-ko-si-the'-me^ah) . 
See hyperleukocytosis. 

hyperleukocytosis (hi-per-lu-ko-si-to'-sis) [hyper-; 
leukocyte]. An increase in the number of leukocytes 
in the blood. 

hyperlipemia (hi-per-lip-e'-me-ah) [hyper-; \iiros, 
fat; alp.a, blood]. Excess of fat in the blood; lipemia. 

hyperliposis (hi-per-lip-o'-sis) [hyper-; \L1r0s, fat]. 
An excess of fat-splitting ferment (lipase) in the blood. 

hyperlithuria (hi-per-lith-u'-re-ah) [hyper-; \Ldos, 
stone; oZpov, urine]. Excess of lithic acid in the 
urine. Same as lithuria. 



hyperlogia (hi-per-lo'-je-ah) [hyper-; \6yos, speech]. 
Excessive or maniacal loquacity. 

hyperlymphia (hi-per-limf'-e-ah) [hyper-; lympha. 
water]. An increase in the amount of lymph in the 
body. 

hypermastia (hi-per-mas'-te-ah) [hyper-; fiao-rbs, 
breast]. Excessive development of the mammary 
gland. 

hypermature (hi-per-ma-tur'). Overmature, over- 
ripe, as a cataract. 

hypermedication (hi-per-med-e-ka'-shun). Exces- 
sive employment of drugs. 

hypermegalia, hypermegaly (hi-per-meg-a'-le-ah, 
-meg'-al-e) [hyper-; jue7as, large]. Excessive enlarge- 
ment. 

hypermegasoma (hi-per-meg-as-o'-mah). Sezhyper- 
gigantosoma. 

hypermegasthenic (hi-per-meg-as-then'-ik) [hyper- ; 
p.eyas, great; o-Bkvos, strength]. Abnormally or 
excessively strong. 

hypermesosoma (hi-per-mes-o-so'-mah) [hyper- ; 
ixko-os, middle; <rw/*a, body]. A stature measurably 
in excess of the ordinary. 

hypermetamorphic (hi-per-met-ah-morf-ik). Un- 
dergoing frequent transformations. 

hypermetamorphosis (hi-per-met-am-or-fo'-sis) [hy- 
per-; metamorphosis]. In biology, applied to insects 
that undergo transformation more completely or 
having more stages than ordinary. 

hypermetrope (hi'-per-met-rop). See hyperope. 

hypermetropia (hi-per-me-tro'-pe-ah). Same as 
hyperopia. 

hypermetropic (hi-per-me-trop'-ik) [hyper-; p.krpov, 
a measure; &rp, sight]. Affected with, or pertaining 
to, hyperopia. 

hypermicrosoma (hi-per-mik-ro-so'-mah) [hyper-; 
ixiKpbs, small; <rup.a, body]. Extreme dwarfishness. 

hypermnesia, hypermnesis (hi-perm-ne'-ze-ah, hi- 
perm-ne' -sis) [hyper-; p.vr\ais, memory]. Abnormal 
exaltation of the power of memory. 

hypermotility (hi-p'er-mo-til'-it-e) [hyper-; motilis, 
motile]. Excessive action, h., gastric, excessive 
churning action of the gastric walls, often accom- 
panied with hyperacidity due to increased secretion 
of HC1. 

hypermyelohemia (hi-per-mi-el-o-he'-me-ah) [hyper-, 
p.ve\6s, marrow; atp.a, blood]. Hyperemia of the 
spinal marrow. Syn., myelyperemia. 

hypermyotonia (hi-per-mi-o-to'-ne-ah) [hyper-; p.vs, 
muscle; tovos, tone]. Excessive tonicity of the 
muscles. 

hypermyotrophy, hypermyotrophia (hi-per-mi-of- 
ro-fe, hi-per-mi-ot-ro'-fe-ah) [hyper-; p.vs, muscle; 
Tpo<p-q, nourishment]. Hypertrophy of the muscular 
tissue. 

hypernanosoma (hi-per-nan-o-so'-ma) hyper-; va- 
vos, a dwarf; aufia, body], A person of low 
stature, but larger than a dwarf. 

hypernea, hypernoia (hi-per-ne'-ah, hi-per-noi'-ah) 
[hyper-; voeetv, to think]. Excessive or abnormal 
mental activity; also, the uncontrolled and incon- 
gruous activity of the imagination in some cases of 
insanity. 

hypernephroid (hi-per-nef'-roid) [hyper-; vetppos, 
kidney; eI5os, likeness]. Suprarenal, h. tumors, 
such as are derived from aberrant suprarenal tissue. 
See hypernephroma. 

hypernephroma (hi-per-nef-ro'-mah). See Grawitz's 
umor. 

hypernephrotrophy (hi-per-nef-rot'-ro-fe) [hyper-; 
ve<pp6s, kidney; Tpo<f>ri, nourishment]. Hypertrophy 
of the kidney. Syn., nephrypertrophia. 

hyperneuria (hi-per-nu-re-ah) [hyper-; vevpov, 
nerve]. Excessive nerve-action. 

hyperneuroma (hi-per-nu-ro'-mah) [hyper-; vevpov, 
nerve; 3/x<*. tumor]. An exuberant growth of 
nervous tissue. 

•hyperneurosis (hi-per-nu-ro'-sis). Excessive de- 
velopment of nervous tissue. 

hypernidation (hi-per-nid-a'-shun). See superni- 
dation. 

hypernormal (hi-per-nor'-mal). Exceeding the 
normal state. 

hypernutrition. See super nutrition. 

hyperodontogeny (hi-per-o-don-toj'-en-e) [hyper-; 
68ovs, tooth; yewav, to beget]. The phenomenon 
of a third dentition late in life. 

hyperoic (hi-per-o'-ik) [vwepua, the palate]. Re- 
lating to the palate. 



HYPEROITIS 



445 



HYPERSOMNIA 



hyperoitis (Jii-per-o-i'-tis) [virep&a, palate; ins, 
inflammation]. Inflammation of the palate. 

hyper oncosis (hi-per-on-ko'-sis) [hyper-; 6yicos, a 
tumor]. Excessive swelling. 

hyperonychia (hi-per-o-nik'-e-ah) [hyper-; 5w£, 
nail]. Hypertrophy of the nails. 

hyperonychosis Qii-per-on-ik-o'-sis). See hyper- 
onychia. 

hyperope (Jii'-per-op) [hyperopia]. One who is 
affected with hyperopia. 

hyperopia or hypermetropia (hi-per-o'-pe-ah or 
hi-per-me-tro'-pe-ah) [hyper-; &\J/, sight]. The con- 
dition of the refractive media of the eye in which, 
with suspended accommodation, the focus of parallel 
rays of light is behind the retina. It is due to an 
abnormally short anteroposterior diameter of the 
eye, or to a subnormal refractive power of its media. 
h., absolute, that which cannot be corrected com- 
pletely by accommodation, so that there is indistinct 
vision even for distance, h., axial, that due to 
abnormal shortness of the anteroposterior diameter 
of the eye, the refractive power being normal, h., 
curvature, a form often combined with astigmatism, 
due to changes in curvature of the cornea or lens. 
h., facultative, that which may be corrected by the 
accommodation, so that there is distinct vision at a 
distance, h., index, that developing in old age from 
sclerosis of the lens, h., latent, that part of the 
total hyperopia that cannot be overcome by the 
accommodation, or the difference between the mani- 
fest and the total hyperopia, h., manifest, the 
amount of hyperopia represented by the strongest 
convex lens which a person will accept without 
paralysis of the accommodation, h., relative, a 
high hyperopia in which distinct vision is possible 
only when excessive convergence is made, h., total, 
the entire hyperopia, both latent and manifest. 

hyperorexia (hi-per-or-ek'-se-ah) [hyper-; 5pe£is, 
appetite]. Bulimia. 

hyperorthognathy {hi-per-or-thog'-na-the) [hyper- ; 
6p66s, straight; yvaffos, the jaw]. Excessive orthog- 
nathy; the condition of having a cranial index greater 
than 91 . 

hyperosmia (hi-per-oz'-me-ah) [hyper-; 6ap.r\, smell]. 
An abnormally acute sense of smell. 

hyperosphresis {hi-per-os-fre'-sis) [hyper-; 6<r<ppt\ovs, 
the power of smelling]. Exaggeration of the sense of 
smell. 

hyperosteogeny {hi-per-os-te-oj'-en-e) [hyper-; 6a- 
rkov, bone; -ytwav, to produce]. Excessive 
development of bone. 

hyperosteopathy (hi-per-os-te-op'-ath-e) [hyper-; 
borkov, bone; iraffos, disease]. An excessively 
diseased condition of the bones. 

hyperostosis (hi-per-os-to'-sis) [hyper-; 6arkov, 
bone]. Exostosis or general hypertrophy of bony 
tissue. 

hyperoxemia (hi-per-oks-e'-me-ah) [hyper-; b£vs, 
sharp; alpa, blood]. Extreme acidity of the blood. 

hyperparasite (hi-per-par'-as-it) [hyper-; parasite]. 
In biology, a parasite including in itself another para- 
site. 

hyperparasitism {hi-per-par' -as-lt-izm) [hyper- ; 
parasite]. The infestation of parasites by other 
parasites. 

hyperpathia (hi-per-path'-e-ah) [hyper-; iraJdos, 
disease, sensibility], i. Extreme illness. 2. Ex- 
treme sensibility. 

hyperpelvic {hi-per-pel'-vik). Located above the 
pelvis. 

hyperpepsia (hi-per-pep'-se-ah) [hyper-; -irtyis, 
digestion]. Dyspepsia characterized by an excess 
of chlorides in the gastric juice, without an excess of 
free hydrochloric acid. 

hyperpepsinia Qii-per-pep-sin'-e-ah). Excessive 
secretion of pepsin in the stomach. 

hyperperistalsis (hi-per-per-is-tal'-sis). Peristaltic 
unrest; a condition characterized by persistent rapid 
contractions of the stomach in close succession ap- 
pearing after meals. Syn., tormina ventriculi ner- 
vosa. 

hyperperitonitis (hi-per-per-it-on-i'-tis). Very se- 
vere or acute peritonitis. 

hyperphagia {hi-per-fa'-je-ah) [hyper-; <payeZv, to 
eat]. Excess in eating. See bulimia. 

hyperphalangia (hi-per-fa-lan'-je-ah) [hyper-; phal- 
anx]. Abnormal length of one or several of the 
phalanges. 

hyperpharyngeal Qii-per-far-in'-je-al). See supra- 
pharyngeal. 



hyperphasia (hi-per-fa'-se-ah) [hyper-; <j>6.avs, say- 
ing]. Hyperlogia; insane volubility; lack of control 
over the organs of speech. 

hyperphenomenal (hi-per-fe-nom'-en-al). Real. 

hyperphleboectasy (hi-per-fleb-o-ek'-ta-se) [hyper-; 
tpXty, vein; &To<r«, a stretching]. Excessive dila- 
tation of the veins. 

hyperphlebosis (hi-per-fleb-o'-sis). See hyperve- 
nosity. 

hyperphlogosis (hi-per-flo-go'-sis) [hyper- ; <p\6yu>avs, 
a burning]. < Violent inflammation. 

hyperphoria (hi-per-fo'-re-ah) , See heterophoria. 

hyperphoric (hi-per-fo'-rik). i. Relating to hyper- 
phoria. 2. One who is affected with hyperphoria. 

hyperphrasia (Jii-per-fra'-ze-ah) [hyper-; <ppa.au, 
utterance]. The incoherent and exaggerated utter- 
ance of an insane person. 

hyperphrenia (.hi-per-fre'-ne-ah) [hyper-; <ppi]v, 
mind]. Passionate mental exaltation of the insane. 

hyperphysemia (hi-per-fi-se'-me-ah) [hyper-; <pvaa, 
air; at/ia, blood]. Excess of gases in the blood, or the 
abnormal conditions associated with such excess. 

hyperpicrous (hi-per-pik'-rus) [hyper-; iriKpbs, 
bitter]. Excessively bitter. 

hyperpiesis (Jti-per-pi-e'-sis) [hyper-; irUais, a 
pressing]. An abnormally high pressure, as of the 
blood. 

hyperpigmentation (hi-per-pig-men-ta'-shun). Ex- 
cessive pigmentation. 

hyperpimelic (hi-per-pim'-el-ik) [hyper-; inne\r)s, 
fat]. Relating to obesity. 

hyperpituitarism (Jti-per-pit-u'-it-ar-izm) [hyper-; 
pituitary]. A condition due to excessive activity 
of the pituitary gland, and marked by gigantism and 
hypertrichosis. 

hyperplasia (hi-per-pla'-ze-ah) [hyper-; 7rX<i<ris, 
molding]. Excessive formation of tissue; an increase 
in the size of a tissue or organ owing to an increase 
in the number of cells. Syn., numerical hypertrophy. 

hyperplastic (Jii-per-plas'-tik). Pertaining to hy- 
perplasia. 

hyperplerosis (hi-per-ple-ro'-sis) [hyper-; irX-fipwan, 
fulness]. Excessive repletion or fulness. 

hyperplexia Qii-per-pleks'-e-ah) [hyper-; ttXtj^s, 
stroke]. I. Ecstasy. 2. Melancholia with stupor. 

hyperpnea (hi-per-pne'-ah) [hyper-; ttvoit), breath- 
ing]. Painting or exaggerated respiration. 

hyperporosis (hi-per-po-ro'-sis) [hyper-; ir&poxns, 
cementing or uniting]. An excessive formation of 
callus in the reunion of fractured bones. 

hyperpraxia {hi-per-praks'-e-ah) [hyper-; irpa£is, 
exercise]. The restlessness of movement charac- 
terizing certain forms of mania. 

hyperpresbyopia {hi-per-pres-be-o'-pe-ah) [hyper- ; 
7rpeo-/3os, old; &if/, eye]. Excessive presbyopia. 

hyperprochoresis (hi-per-pro-ko-re'-sis) [hyper- ; 
irpoxupeiv, to advance]. Excessive motor action of 
the stomach. Cf . hyperperistalsis. 

hyperpromethia Qii-per-prom-e'-the-ah) [hyper-; 
irponrideia, foresight]. Supernormal power of fore- 
sight. 

hyperprosexia (hi-per-pro-seks'-e-ah) [hyper-; irpo- 
o-e£is, attention]. Entire absorption of the 
attention by a single process. 

hyperpselaphesia (hi-per-sel-af-e'-se-ah) [hyper-; 
\J<r}\6<pricns, touch]. Abnormal increase of tactile 
sensibility. 

hyperpyretic (hi-per-pi-ret'-ik). Pertaining to hy- 
perpyrexia. 

hyperpyrexia (hi-per-pi-reks'-e-ah) [hyper-; s-uperos, 
fever]. Excessively high body temperature. By 
some the term is used only when the temperature is 
above io6° F. 

hyperresonance (hi-per-res'-o-nans) [hyper-; reso- 
nance]. Increased resonance on percussion. 

hyperrhinencephalia (hi-per-rin-en-sef-al'-e-ah) [hy- 
per-; pis, the nose; iyidxpaXos, the brain]. A con- 
genital deformity characterized by undue frontal 
predominance and excessive development of the 
olfactory bulbs. 

hypersarcosis, hypersarcoma (hi-per-sar-ko'-sis, 
hi-per-sar-ko'-ma) [hyper-; <rap£, flesh; 6p.a, a tumor], 
i. Excessive granulation, fungosity, or proudflesh. 
2. Obesity; hypertrophy. 

hypersecretion (hi-per-se-kre'-shun) [hyper-; secre- 
tion]. Excessive secretion. 

hypersensitive Qii-per-sen'-sit-iv). Abnormally 
sensitive. 

hypersomnia (hi-per-som'-ne-ah) [hyper-; somnus, 
sleep]. Excessive sleep. 



HYPERSPASMIA 



446 



HYPNOBAT 



hyperspasmia (hi-per-spaz'-me-ah). Synonym of 
convulsions. 

hypersplenia (hi-per-sple'-ne-ah). See splenome- 
galia. 

hypersplenotrophy (hi-per-splen-ot'-ro-je). See 
splenomegalia. 

hypersteatosis (hi-per-ste-at-o'-sis) [hyper-; steato- 
sis]. Excessive secretion of fat. Syn., aleipsis 
acuta. 

hypersthenia (hi-per-sthen'-e-ah) [hyper-; crdevos, 
strength]. A condition of exalted strength or tone 
of the body. 

hypersthenic (hi-per-sthen'-ik) [hyper-; o-Qkv^, 
strength]. Characterized by hypersthenia. 

hypersusceptibility (hi-per-sus-sep-tib-il'-it-e). i. 
Extreme liability to infection. 2. Anaphylaxis. 

hypersynergia {hi-per-sin-ur'-je-ah) [hyper-; <rwep- 
yla, a working together]. Excessive coordination; 
excessive energy in the organs in spreading disease 
throughout the system. 

hypersystole (hi-per-sis'-to-le) [hyper-; systole]. 
An excessively strong systole. 

hypertension (hi-per-ten'-shun) . Excessive tension ; 
supertension. 

hyperthelia (hi-per-the'-le-ah) [hyper-; 077X17, a 
nipple]. The presence of supernumerary nipples. 

hyperthermalgesia (hi-per-therm-al-je'-se-ah) [hy- 
per-; dkpuri, heat; 0X705, pain]. Abnormal sensi- 
tiveness to heat. 

hyperthermia {hi-per-ther'-me-ah). Elevation of 
temperature above the normal. 

hyperthermoesthesia (hi-per-therm-o-es-the'-ze-ah) . 
See hyperthermalgesia. 

hyperthymia (hi-per-thi'-me-ah) [hyper-; 6vp.6s, 
mind]. 1. Mental hyperesthesia; morbid over- 
sensitiveness. 2. Vehement cruelty or foolhardiness 
as a symptom of mental disease. 3. Moral insanity. 

hyperthymization (hi-per-thi-miz-a'-shun). Exag- 
gerated activity of the thymus gland and the patho- 
logical condition resulting from it. 

hyperthyrea (hi-per-thi'-re-ah). The condition 
arising from excessive functional activity of the 
thyroid gland. 

hyperthyroidation (hi-per-thi-roid-a'-shun). Ab- 
normal action or overaction of the thyroid gland. 

hyperthyroidism (hi-per-thi'-roid-izm). An ab- 
normal condition brought about by an excessive or 
depraved functional activity of the thyroid gland. 

hyperthyrosis (hi-per-thi-ro'-sis). The condition 
in which there is excess of thyroid substance in the 
body. 

hypertonia (hi-per-to'-ne-ah) [hyper-; rovos, tone]. 
1. Excess of muscular tonicity. 2. Increased intra- 
ocular tension. 

hypertonic (hi-per-ton'-ik\. Exceeding in strength 
or tension, h. salt solution, one whose osmotic 
tension exceeds that of the blood-serum. 

hypertonicity (hi-per-ton-is'-et-e). See hypertonia. 

hypertoxicity (hi-per-toks-is'-it-e). The quality of 
being excessively toxic. 

hypertrichiasis, hypertrichosis (hi-per-trik-i'-as-is, 
hi-per-trik-o'-sis). Excessive growth of hair of a 
part or the whole of the body. 

hypertromos (hi-per' '-tro-mos) [hyper-; rponos, 
tremor]. Excessive tremor or fear. 

hypertrophia {hi-per-tro'-fe-ah) [hyper-; rpo^, 
nourishment]. Same as hypertrophy, h. cordis, 
hypertrophy of the heart. 

hypertrophic (hi-per-trof-ik) [hyper-; rpo^rj, nour- 
ishment]. Marked by hypertrophy or excessive size. 

hypertrophous (hi-per' -trof -us). Marked by or 
exhibiting hypertrophy. 

hypertrophy (hi-per' -tro-fe) [hyper-; rpotp-q, nourish- 
ment]. An increase in the size of a tissue or organ 
independent of the general growth of the body, h., 
compensatory, that resulting from the increased 
activity of an organ to make up some deficiency in a 
paired organ or in itself, h., concentric (of the heart) , 
increase in the thickness of the walls, without increase 
in the size of the organ, but with diminution in the 
capacity of its chambers, h., eccentric (of the heart), 
hypertrophy with dilatation, h., false, an increase in 
some one constituent tissue of an organ, usually the 
connective tissue, h., moriform, a mulberry-like 
enlargement, as of the posterior ends of the lower 
turbinals. h., numerical, hypertrophy due to an 
increase in the number of cells, h., physiological. 
Same as h., compensatory, h., simple. 1. That in 
which there is increase in the size of the individual 
cells. 2. Of the heart, increased thickness of the 



walls, the size of the cavities remaining unchanged, 
h., true, an increase of all the component tissues of 
an organ, giving increased power. 

hypertropia (hi-per-tro'-pe-ah). See strabismus. 

hypertypic (hi-per-tip'-ik). Exceeding the type; 
excessively atypic. 

hyperuremia (hi-per-u-re-'-me-ah) [hyper-; olpov > 
urine; alp.a, blood]. Excess of urea in the blood. 

hyperuresis (hi-per-u-re'-sis). Same as polyuria- 
and enuresis. 

hyperuricemia (hi-per-u-ris-e'-me-ah) [hyper-; ov~ 
pov, urine; alp.a, blood]. Excess of uric acid in the 
blood. 

hypervaccination (hi-per-vak-sin-a'-shun) . A 
second or subsequent inoculation of an immunized 
person or animal; it is done with the idea of obtaining; 
(in the case of an animal) a powerful antitoxin. 

hypervenosity (hi-per-ve-nos'-it-e). 1. Excessive 
development of the venous system. 2. See super- 
venosity. 

hyperventilation (hi-per-ven'-til-a-shun) [hyper-, - 
ventilare, to fan]. A method of treating some 
diseases by exposing the body to drafts of air. 

hyperviscosity (hi-per-vis-kos'-it-e). Exaggeration 
of adhesive properties; observed in the erythrocytes, 
in inflammatory diseases, in anemias, or when they 
are subjected to the action of poisons, notably snake- 
poison. 

hypesthesia (hip-es-the'-ze-ah) [vtto, under; aiotfeo-is,. 
sensation]. Impairment of sensation; lessened tac- 
tile sensibility. 

hypesthetic (hip-es-thet'-ik). Pertaining to or 
affected with hypesthesia. - 

hypha (hi'-fah) [tyr), a weaving; web; pi., hyphce]. 
The filament or thread of a fungus; the matted 
hyphae form the mycelium. 

hyphedonia (hip-hed-o'-ne-ah) [hypo-; iiSovq, plea- 
sure]. Morbidly diminished pleasure in the grati- 
fication of desires. Cf. hyperhedonia. 

hyphemia (hi-fe'-me-ah) [faro, under; at/to, blood]. 
1. Oligemia; deficiency of blood. 2. Hemorrhage 
in the anterior chamber of the eye. 

hyphidrosis (hip-hid-ro'-sis) [hypo-; tSpaats, sweat- 
ing]. Deficiency of perspiration. 

hyphogenous (hi-foj'-en-us) [i><j>r), a web; -yewaiv 
to produce]. Due to the hypha? of some parasitic 
fungus. 

hyphology (hi-fol'-o-je) [i>4>ii, web; X670S, science]- 
Same as histology. 

Hyphomycetes (hi-fo-mi-se'-tez) [iMprj, web; /tfa^s,. 
fungus]. A group of fungi having the spores orn 
prominent threads; the molds. 

hyphostroma (hi-fo-stro'-mah) [v<f>r), a web; orpwjua,. 
a bed]. Same as mycelium. 

hyphotomy (hi-fot'-o-me) [i<t>v, a web; ro/tij, a 
cutting]. The dissection of tissues. 

hypinosis (hip-in-o'-sis) [hypo-; is, fiber]. A 
deficiency of fibrin-factors in the blood. 

hypinotic (hip-in-ot'-ik) [hypo-; U, fiber]. Per- 
taining to, or affected with, hypinosis. 

hypisotonic (hip-is-o-ton'-ik). See hypoisotonic. 

hypisotonicity (hip-is-o-ton-is'-it-e) . The quality- 
of having a diminished saline percentage. 

hypnacetin (hip-nas'-et-in), C . EUCO-NH-CeHU- 
OCH3-CO-C6H5. Acetophenonacetylparaamidophe- 
nol ether. It is hypnotic and antiseptic. Dose 3-4. 
gr. (0.2-0.25 Gm.). Syn., hypnoacetin. 

hypnagogic (hip-nag-oj'-ik) [Cxws sleep; £70)765 ,. 
leadingj. 1. Inducing sleep; pertaining to the incep- 
tion of sleep. 2. Induced by sleep. 

hypnagogue (hip'-nag-og) [871-1/05, sleep; &7C070S,. 
leading]. Hypnotic. 

hypnal (hip'-nal) [inrvos, sleep]. A drug composed, 
of antipyrin and chloral hydrate and used as a_ 
hypnotic. _ Dose 15 gr. (1 Gm.). 

hypnal gia (hip-nal'-je-ah) [inrvos, sleep; 0X705,. 
pain]. Pain recurring during sleep. 

hypnepagogue (hip-nep'-ag-og) [virvosi sleep; iira- 
70760-, enticing]. A medicine that induces sleep; am 
hypnotic. 

hypniater (hip-ne'-a-ter) [vttvos, sleep; larvp, prac- 
titioner], A somnambulistic or clairvoyant doctor;, 
a hypnotizer or mesmerist. 

hypnic (hip'-nik) [vitvikos, producing sleep]- 
1. Pertaining to or inducing sleep. 2. An agent- 
that induces sleep. . 

hypno- (hip-no-) [inrvos, sleep]. A prefix denoting: 
relation to sleep or to hypnotism. 

hypnobat, or hypnobate (hip' -no-bat) [hypno-? 
Paros, walking]. A sleep-walker; somnambulist. 



HYPNOBATIA 



447 



HYPODERMATIC 



hypnobatia (Jtip-no-ba'-she-ah) [hypno-; faros, 
walking]. Somnambulism. 

hypnocyst {hip' -no-sist) [hypno-; kwttis, bladder]. 
In biology, an encysted unicellular organism not 
undergoing sporulation. 

hypnogenetic, hypnogenic, hypnogenous {hip-no- 
jen-et'-ik, hip-no-jen'-ik, hip-noj' -en-us) [hypno-; 
yewav, to produce], i. Producing or inducing sleep. 
2. Inducing hypnotism, h. spots, surface-areas of 
the body, stimulation of which produces sleep. 

hypnography {hip-nog' -ra-fe). Same as hypnology. 

hypnolepsy {hip'-no-lep-se) [hypno- ;\ij^ is, seizure]. 
Excessive or morbid sleepiness; narcolepsy. 

hypnology {hip-nol'-o-je) [hypno-; \6yos, science]. 
The science dealing with sleep or with hypnotism. 

hypnone {hip' -non). See acetophenone. 

hypnopathy {hip-nop'-ath-e) [hypno-; iraBos, dis- 
ease]. Sleep due to a diseased or morbid condition 
of the body, brain, or mind; also, narcolepsy; sleepy 
disease. 

hypnophobia {hip-no-fo'-be-ah) [hypno-; <£6/3os, 
fear]. Morbid dread of sleep; also, nightmare or 
night-terror. 

hypnopompic {hip-no-pomp' -ik) [hypno-; irojiirri, a 
procession]. Applied to visions seen at the moment 
of awakening from sleep or prior to complete awaken- 
ing, as when a dream figure persists in waking life. 

hypnopyrine {hip-no-pi' -r en). A proprietary hyp- 
notic and antipyretic preparation said to be a chlorine 
derivative of quinine. Dose, 4 gr. (0.25 gm.) 3 or 4 
times daily. 

hypnoscope {hip'-no-skop) [hypno-; o-icoireZv, to 
examine]. An apparatus to determine if a patient is 
hypnotized. 

hypnosia {hip-no' -ze-ah) [uirws, sleep]. A condi- 
tion of morbid drowsiness. 

hypnosis {hip-no' -sis) [see hypnosia]. 1. The 
condition produced by hypnotizing. 2. The pro- 
duction of sleep; also, the gradual approach of sleep. 

hypnotherapy {hip-no-ther'-ap-e) [hypno-; dtpaireia, 
healing]. _ Hypnotic treatment of disease. 

hypnotic {hip-not 1 -ik) [hypnosis]. 1. Inducing sleep. 
2. Pertaining to hypnotism. 3. A remedy that 
causes sleep. 

hypnotism {hip' -not-izm) [hypnosis]. A state of 
artificial somnambulism or trance, induced in certain 
persons by concentrating the gaze on a small object 
or on a revolving mirror, or by complete subjection of 
their will to that of another, at whose command the 
hypnotic state develops. Three stages are described 
— the cataleptic, the lethargic, and the somnambu- 
listic. 

hypnotization {hip-not-iz-a' -shun) [hypnotism]. The 
induction of hypnotism. 

hypnotize {hip'-not-iz). To bring into a hypnotic 
condition. 

hypnotoid {hip' -not-oid) [hypno-; elSos, form]. 
Resembling hypnotism. 

hypnoval {hip'-no-val). Amido-chloral-bromo-iso- 
valerate; said to be a hypnotic. 

hypo {hi'-po). 1. A common abbreviation of 
hypochondriasis. 2. Sodium thiosulphite. 

hypo- {hi-po-) [viro, under]. A prefix denoting: 
1. Deficiency or lack. 2. Below or beneath, opposed 
to epi-, upon. 3. Of acids and salts, denoting those 
having a smaller number of atoms of oxygen than 
other compounds of the same elements. 

hypoacidity {hi-po-as-id'-it-e). See hypacidity. 

hypoactivity {hi-po-ak-tiv'-it-e). Diminished ac- 
tivity. 

hypoalonemia {hi-po-al-o-ne'-me-ah) [hypo-; &\s, 
salt; alfia, blood]. A deficiency of the salts of the 
blood. 

hypoazoturia {hi-po-az-ot-u' -re-ah) [hypo-; azoturia]. 
A diminished amount of urea in the urine. 

hypoblast {hi'-po-blast) [hypo-; /SXootos, sprout]. 
The internal layer of the blastoderm, also called the 
endoderm, endoblast, or entoderm. From it is 
developed the intestinal epithelium (except that of 
the mouth and anus) and that of the glands opening 
into the intestine, and the epithelium of the air- 
passages. 

hypoblastic {hi-po-blas'-tik). Pertaining to the 
hypoblast. 

hypoblepharon {hi-po-blef'-ar-on) [hypo-; fi\k<t>a.pov, 
lid]. 1. An artificial eye. 2. A swelling under the 
eyelid. 

hypobromite {hi-po-bro'-mit) [hypo-; 0po>fios, 
stench]. A salt of hypobromous acid. h. method, 
a method of estimating the quantity of urea in urine, 



based upon the fact that when urea is acted upon 
by sodium hypobromite it is decomposed into nitro- 
gen, carbon dioxide, and water. From the volume 
of nitrogen evolved the quantity of urea can be 
determined. 

hypobulia {hi-po-bu'-le-ah) [hypo-; /3ouXi7, will]. 
Deficiency of will-power. 

hypocardia {hi-po-kar'-de-ah) [hypo-; KapUa, heart]. 
Downward displacement of the heart. 

hypocatalepsis {hi-po-kat-al-ep' -sis) [hypo-; Kara, 
down; XafiPapeiv, to seize]. Slight catalepsy, or 
epilepsy. 

hypocatharsis {hi-po-kath-ar'-sis) [hypo-; KaBalpt\.v y 
to purge]. A gentle purgation. 

hypocelom, hypocoelom {hi-po-se' -lorn) [hypo-; 
KoiXuna, a cavity]. The ventral part of the celom. 

hypochlorhydria {hi-po-klor-hi'-dre-ah) [hypo- ; 
xXwpos, green; &5wp, water]. A condition in which 
there is a diminished amount of hydrochloric acid 
in the gastric juice. 

hypochlorite {hi-po-klo'-rit) [hypo-; xXwpos, green]. 
Any salt of hypochlorous acid, HCIO. The most 
important are those of calcium and sodium. 

hypochlorization {hi-po-klo-riz-a'-shun). A method 
of treating epilepsy and nephritis by reduction of the 
sodium chloride consumed by the patient to one- 
half. 

hypocholesteremia {hi-po-ko-les-ter-e'-me-ah) [hy- 
po-; xoXt), bile; oreap, fat; aZfia, blood]. Decrease or 
deficiency of the cholesterin of the blood. 

hypochondria {hi-po-kon'-dre-ah) [hypo-; xpbvSpos* 
cartilage]. 1. The regions below the costal arches 
on either side. 2. Same as hypochondriasis. 

hypochondriac {hi-po-kon'-dre-ak) [hypochondrium]. 
1. Pertaining to the hypochondrium. 2. A person 
who is affected with hypochondriasis. 

hypochondriasis {hi-po-kon-dri'-as-is) [hypochon- 
drium]. A condition in which the patient believes 
himself suffering from grave bodily diseases. 

hypochondrium {hi-po-kon'-dre-um) [hypo- ; xpwSpos* 
cartilage]. The upper lateral region of the abdomen 
beneath the lower ribs. 

hypochromatemia {hi-po-kro-mat-e'-me-ah) [hypo-; 
XP&m, color; alp.a, blood]. Deficiency of the coloring- 
matter of the blood. 

hypochromatic {hi-po-kro-mat'-ik) [hypo-; xp&na-r 
color]. Deficient in coloring-matter. 

hypochromatism {hi-po-kro'-mat-izm) [hypo-; chro- 
matin]. Deficiency of chromatin in the nucleus of a 
cell. 

hypochromatosis {hi-po-kro-mat-o'-sis). The patho- 
logical diminution of the chromatin in a cell-nucleus 

hypochromemia {hi-po-kro-me'-me-ah) [hypo-; 
xpco/m, color; alua, blood]. Anemia with an abnorm- 
ally low color index. 

hypochromia {hi-po-kro'-me-ah) [hypo-; xp«mq* 
color]. Abnormal pallor or transparency of the 
skin, occurring in certain skin-diseases. 

hypochrosis {hi-po-kro'-sis) [hypo-; xp«<^s, color- 
ing]. Abnormal paleness: lack of normal coloration. 

hypochylia {hi-po-ki'-le-ah) [hypo-; x^Xos, juice]. 
Deficiency of secretion; deficiency of chyle. 

hypochyma {hi-po-ki'-mah) [hypo-; x^eiv, to pour]. 
An old name for cataract. 

hypocinesia, hypocinesis {hi-po-sin-e' -ze-ah, -e'-sis). 
See hypokinesis. 

hypoclysis {hip-ok'-lis-is) [hypo-; kXuo>i6s, a clys- 
ter]. The administration of an enema. 

hypocratous {hip-ok'-rat-us) [hypo-; kp&tos+ 
strength]. Lacking in strength. 

hypocrinia {hip-o-krin'-e-ah) [hypo-; uplveiv, to- 
separate]. Deficiency of secretion. 

hypocyrtosis {hi-po-sir-to'-sis) [hypo-; KvpToxns> 
curvature]. A slight amount of curvature. 

hypocystotomy {hi-po-sis-tot' -o-me) [hypo-; kvotis^ 
bladder; rop-j, a cut]. Perineal cystotomy. 

hypocytosis {hi-po-si-to' -sis) [hypo-; kvt&s, cell]. 
Diminution of the number of blood-corpuscles. 

hypoderm {hi'-po-derm) [hypo-; Skp^a, skin]. 
1. Subcutaneous tissue. 2. A hypodermatic injec- 
tion. 3. In biology, applied to the epithelial mem- 
brane lining the cuticular, crustaceous, or chitinous- 
investment of arthropods; also called hypodermis. 

hypoderma {hi-po-der'-mah) [hypo-; 8ipp.a, skin]. 
In biology: 1. A layer of cells, usually collenchyma, 
just beneath the epidermis of a leaf or stem. 2. A. 
genus of dipterous insects, the bot-flies. 

hypodermatic, hypodermic {hi-po-der-mat'-ik, hi-po- 
der'-mik) [hypo-; 6epp.a, skin]. Placed or intro- 
duced beneath the skin, as hypodermatic injection. 



HYPODERMATOCLYSIS 



448 



HYPOMESOSOMA 



hypodermatoclysis, hypodermoclysis (hi-po-der- 
mat-ok'-lis-is, hi-po-der-mok'-lis-is) [hypodermatic; 
Khbffis, injection]. The introduction into the sub- 
cutaneous tissues of large quantities of fluids, espe- 
cially of normal saline solution. 

hypodermatomy Qii-po-der-mat'-o-me) [hypo-; bkpp.a, 
skin; rkp.vnv, to cut]. Subcutaneous surgical sec- 
tion of parts. 

hypodermotherapy (hi-po-der-mo-ther'-ap-e) [hypo-; 
bkpixa, skin; depaweia, therapy]. Subcutaneous medi- 
cation. 

hypodicrotous (hi-po-dik'-ro-tus) [hypo-; SUporos, 
double beat]. Dicrotic in a small degree. 

hypodipsia (hip-o-dip'-se-ah) [hypo-; 8tyis, drink- 
ing]. The drinking of too little water or fluid. 

hypodynamic (hi-po-di-nam'-ik). See adynamic. 

hypodynia Qii-po-din'-e-ah) [hypo-; dSiwij, pain]. 
Slight or trifling pain. 

hypoemia (hi-po-e' -me-ah) [hypo-; alp,a, blood]. 
Insufficiency of blood. 

hypoendocrinism (hi-po-en-dok'-rin-izm) [hypo-; 
ivbbv, within: npivuv, to separate], Deficiency of in- 
ternal secretion. 

hypoeosinophilia (hi-po-e-o-sin-o-fil'-e-ah). De- 
crease in the number of eosinophil leukocytes in the 
blood. 

hypoepinephry (hi-po-ep-e-nef'-re) [hypo-; tin, 
upon; ve<j>pos, kidney]. Insufficiency of the adrenal 
secretion. 

hypoerythrocythemia (hi-po-er-ith-ro-si-the' '-me-ah) 
[hypo-; ipvdpos, red; kvtos, cell; alp.a, blood]. De- 
ficiency in the normal number of red corpuscles in 
the blood. 

hypoesophoria (hi-po-es-o-fo'-re-ah) [hypo-; eso- 
phoria]. A tendency of the visual axis of one eye to 
deviate downward and inward. 

hypoexophoria (hi-po-eks-o-fo'-re-ah) [hypo-; exo- 
phoria]. A tendency of the visual axis of one eye to 
deviate downward and outward. 

hypof unction (hi-po-funk'-shun). Insufficiency of 
function. 

hypogastralgia Qii-po-gas-tral'-je-ah) [hypo- ; yaarrip, 
Stomach; &\7os, pain]. Pain in the hypogastrium. 

hypogastrectasia, hypogastrectasis (hi-po-gas-trek- 
ta'-ze-ah, -trek' -ta-sis) [hypogastrium; hi.Ta.avi, stretch- 
ing]. Dilatation of the hypogastrium. 

hypogastric (hi-po-gas'-trik) [hypogastrium]. Per- 
taining to the hypogastrium. h. artery, same as in- 
ternal iliac artery; see under artery, h. plexus, a 
sympathetic nerve-plexus in the pelvis, h. region, 
the hypogastrium. 

hypogastrium. (hi-po-gas'-tre-um) [hypo-; yaarijp, 
the belly]. The lower median anterior region of the 
abdomen. 

hypogastrocele (hi-po-gas'-tro-sel) [hypo-; yaarrip, 
stomach; k7]\ti, hernia]. A hernia in the hypogastric 
region. 

hypogastrodidymus (hi-po-gas-tro-did'-im-us) [hy- 
po-; under; yaaryp, stomach; 8Lovp.os, twin]. A 
double monstrosity in which the two fetuses are united 
at the hypogastrium. 

hypogastrohemia (hi-po-gas-tro-he' -me-ah) [hypo-; 
yaarrip, stomach; alpa, blood]. Hemorrhage in the 
hypogastrium. 

hypogastropagus (hi-po-gas-trop'-ag-us) [hypogastri- 
um ; w&yos, anything solid]. A genus of twin monsters 
characterized by having the union in the region of 
the hypogastrium. 

hypogastrorrhagia (hi-po-gas-tror-a'-je-ah). Same 
as hypogastrohemia. 

hypogastrorrhea (hi-po-gas-tror-e'-ah) [hypo- ; 
yaar-qp, stomach; fata, a flow]. A slight amount of 
gastrorrhea. 

hypogastrorrhexis (hi-po-gas-tror-eks'-is) [hypo-; 
yaarrjp, stomach; /^is, rupture]. Eventration. 

hypogenesis (hi-po-jen'-es-is) [hypo-; ykveais, 
production, generation]. In biology, direct develop- 
ment, without alternation of generations. 

hypogenous (hi-poj'-en-us) [hypo-; yevris, pro- 
duced]. In biology, growing below the surface or on 
the under side. 

hypogeusia (hi-po-gil'-se-ah) [hypo-; ytvais, taste]. 
Diminution in the sense of taste. 

hypogigantosoma (hi-po-ji-gant-o-so'-ma) [hypo- ; 
ylyas, large; cw/za, body]. A condition of great physi- 
cal development not amounting to true gigantism. 

hypoglobulia (hi-po-glob-u'-le-ah). See oligocythemia. 

hypoglossal (hi-po-glos'-al) [see hypoglossus]. Situ- 
ated under the tongue, h. nerve. See under nerve. 
h. nucleus. See nucleus.. 



hypoglossiadenitis (hi-po-glos-e-ad-en-i'-tis) [hypo-; 
y\u><ro-a, tongue; aorjv, gland; ins, inflammation]. 
Inflammation of the sublingual gland. 

hypoglossis (hi-po-glos'-is). See hypoglottis. 

hypoglossitis (hi-po-glos-i'-tis) [hypo-; y\S)<r<ra, 
tongue; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the 
tissue under the tongue. 

hypoglossus (hi-po-glos'-us) [hypo-; y\Ssaaa, 
tongue]. The hypoglossal nerve. 

hypoglottis Qti-po-glot'-is) [see hypoglossus]. i. The 
under part of the tongue. 2. A swelling at the 
under part of the tongue, as a ranula. 

hypoglucosic (hi-po-gloo-ko'-sik) . A term applied to 
any diabetic diet containing an amount of carbo- 
hydrates lower than the patient's tolerance. 

hypoglycemia (hi-po-gli-se' -me-ah) [hypo-; y\vKvs, 
sweet; alua, blood]. Deficiency of sugar in the blood. 

hypognathadenitis (hi-pog-nath-ad-en-i'-tis) [hypo-; 
yvbfios, jaw; aofy, gland; ins, inflammation]. In- 
flammation of the submaxillary gland. 

hypognathous (hi-pog'-na-thus) [see hypognathus]. 
Having the lower mandible longer than the upper. 

hypognathus (hi-pog'-na-thus) [hypo-; yvft&os, jaw]. 
A double monstrosity in which the parasite is at- 
tached to the inferior maxillary bone. 

hypohaemia Qii-po-he' -me-ah). See hypohemia. 

hypohematosis (hi-po-hem-at-o' -sis) [hypo-; alp.a, 
blood]. A diseased condition marked by hyphemia, 
or deficiency in the amount of blood; also, the pro- 
duction, or process of inducing such a condition. 

hypohemia Qii-po-he' -me-ah). An extravasation 
of blood in the eye. 

hypohemoglobinemia (hi-po-hem-o-glob-in-e' -me- 
ah). See oligochromemia. 

hypohepatic (hi-po-hep-at'-ik). Relating to hepatic 
insufficiency. 

hypohidrosis (hi-po-hid-ro'-sis) [hypo-; tbpavvs, 
sweating]. Scanty perspiration. 

hypohydremia (hi-po-hi-dre' -me-ah) [hypo-; v8up, 
water; alp.a, blood]. Deficiency of water in the 
blood. 

hypohyloma (hi-po-hi-lo'-mah). See under hyloma. 

hypohypnosis (hi-po-hip-no'-sis) [hypo-; Zirvos, 
sleep]. Imperfect or partial sleep. 

hypoinosemia (hi-po-in-o-se' -me-ah) [hypo-; is, 
fiber; alua, blood]. Decrease in the tendency to the 
formation of fibrin in the blood. 

hypoisotonic (hi-po-is-o-ton'-ik) [hypo-; isotonic]. 
Applied to a solution the osmotic pressure of which 
is lower than blood-plasma or some other solution 
taken as a standard. 

hypokinesia, hypokinesis (hi-po-kin-e'-ze-(ih, hi-po- 
kin-e'-sis) [hypo-; kIviio-vs, motion]. Deficiency in 
motor reaction under stimulation. 

hypolepidoma (hi-po-lep-id-o'-mah). See under 
lepidoma. 

hypoleukocythemia (hi-po-lu-ko-si-the' -me-ah) [hy- 
po-; Xewc6s, white; kStos, a cell; alp.a, blood]. De- 
ficiency of white corpuscles in the blood. 

hypoleukocytosis (hi-po-lu-ko-si-to'-sis) [hypo-; leu- 
kocyte]. A diminution of the number of leukocytes 
in the blood. 

hypolipemia (hi-po-lip-e'-me-ah) [hypo-; \l1r0s, fat; 
alfia, blood]. Deficiency of fat in the blood. 

hypoliposis (hi-po-lip-o'-sis). A deficiency of fat- 
splitting ferment (lipase) in the blood-^erum. Cf. 
hyperliposis. 

hypologia (hi-po-lo'-je-ah) [hypo-; \6yos, work]. 
Poverty of speech as a symptom of cerebral disease. 

hypolympha Qii-po-lim'-fah) [hypo-; lympha, water]. 
An extravasation of plastic lymph into the anterior 
chamber of the eye. 

hypolymphia (hi-po-lim'-fe-ah). Insufficiency of 
lymph. 

hypomania (hi-po-ma'-ne-ah) [hypo-; p.avla, mad- 
ness]. A moderate degree of maniacal exaltation. 

hypomastia, hypomazia (hi-po-mas'-te-ah, hi-po- 
ma'-ze-ah) [hypo-; fiaa-rSs, the breast]. Abnormal 
smallness of the mammary gland. 

hypomegasoma (hi-po-meg-as-o'-mah) [hypo-; (iky as, 
great; <rw/ia, body]. A tall stature, but quite below 
gigantism. Cf. megasoma. 

hypomelancholia (hi-po-mel-an-ko'-le-ah) [hypo- ; 
melancholia]. Moderate melancholia; melancholia 
without delusions. 

hypomenous (hi-pom'-en-us) [hypo-; n'eveiv, to 
remain]. Same as hypogenous. 

hypomesosoma (hi-po-mes-o-so'-ma) [hypo-; neaos, 
middle; ov>p.a, body]. A stature slightly below the 
medium. 



HYPOMETROPIA 



449 



HYPOTONIA 



hypometropia (hi-po-me-tro'-pe-ah) [hypo-; fierpov, 
a measure; &$, vision]. Myopia. 

hypomicrone (hi-po-mik'-ron) [hypo-; tnicrone]. A 
particle capable of being recognized by the ultra- 
microscope, but not by the ordinary microscope. 

hypomicrosoma (hi-po-mik-ro-so'-mah) [hypo-; m- 
Kpos, small; a&fia, body]. The lowest stature 
which is not dwarfism. 

hypomoria (hi-po-mo'-re-ah) [hypo-; /xwpia, folly]. 
Slight mental disorder. 

hypomyosthenia Qii-po-mi-os-the'-ne-ah) [hypo- ; 
nvs, muscle; adevos, strength]. Deficiency in muscu- 
lar power. 

hypomyotonia (hi-po-mi-o-to'-ne-ah) [[hypo-; fivs, 
muscle; twos, tone]. Deficiency in muscular 
tonicity. 

hyponanosoma Qii-po-nan-o-so'-mah) [hypo-; row, 
dwarf; aibfia, body]. Extreme dwarfishness. 

hyponeuria (hi-po-nu'-re-ah) [hypo-; vevpov, nerve]. 
Slight or diminished nerve-power. 

hyponoetic (hi-po-no-et'-ik) [hypo-; v6i]ti.kos, 
understanding]. Under the control of the will. 

hyponomous (hi-pon-o'-mus) [hypo-; vkfieiv, t to 
feed] . Spreading or eating below the surface ; applied 
to certain ulcers, etc. 

hyponychium (Jti-pon-ik'-e-um). See nail-bed. 

hypoparathyreosis (hi-po-par-ah-thi-re-o'-sis). A 
pathological state brought about by partial loss or 
insufficiency of parathyroid tissue. 

hypopepsia (Jii-po-pep'-se-ah) [hypo-; irhf^ts, diges- 
tion]. Subnormal digestive power. 

hypopepsinia (hi-po-pep-sin'-e-ah). Diminution in 
the amount of pepsin secreted by the stomach. 

hypophoria (hi-po-fo'-re-ah) [hypo-; <popfc, tending]. 
A tendency of the visual axis of one eye to deviate 
below that of the other 

hypophosphite (hi-po-fos'-fit) [hypo-; phosphorus]. 
A salt of hypophosphorous acid. Those of calcium, 
iron, manganese, potassium, and sodium are official. 
h.s; emulsion of cod-liver oil with (emulsum olei 
morrhucB cum hypophosphitibus, U. S. P.), an emulsion 
made of cod-liver oil, acacia, calcium, potassium, 
and sodium hypophosphites, syrup, oil of gaultheria, 
and water. Dose 2 dr. (8 Cc). h.s, syrup of (syru- 
pus hypophosphitum, U. S. P.), contains calcium, 
potassium, and sodium hypophosphites. Dose 2 dr. 
(8 Cc). h.s, syrup of, compound (syrupus hypo- 
phosphitum compositus, U. S. P.), contains five hypo- 
phosphites, hypophosphorous acid, quinine, and 
strychnine. Dose 2 dr. (8 Cc). Both syrups are 
used in wasting diseases, in scrofula, rickets, etc. 

hypophosphorous acid (hi-po-fos-for'-us). See acid, 
hypophosphorous. h. acid, dilute (acidum hypo- 
phosphorosum dilutum, U. S. P.). Dose 10-30 min. 
(0.65-2.0 Cc). 

hypophrasia (hi-po-fra'-ze-ah) [hypo-; <f>pa<ns, 
phrase, utterance]. M eagerness or poverty of 
speech, as a sign of cerebral disease. 

hypophrenic (hi-po-fren'-ik). See subdiaphrag- 
matic. 

hypophysectomy (hi-pof-is-ek'-to-me) [hypophysis; 
£KTOfj.r), excision]. Surgical removal of the hypo- 
physis cerebri or pituitary body. 

hypophysemia (hi-po-fi-se'-me-ah) [hypo-; <f>vo-a, air; 
alfia, blood]. Deficiency of gaseous elements in the 
blood. 

hypophysin (hi-pof'-is-in). An organotherapeutic 
remedy from the hypophysis of the ox. It is used 
as an adjuvant to iodothyrin in the treatment of 
akromegaly. Dose 2-5 gr. (0.1-0.3 Gm.) several 
times daily. 

hypophysis (hi-pof'-is-is) [hypo-; <pveiv, to grow]. 
An outgrowth, h. cerebri, the pituitary body. 

hypopituitarism (hi-po-pit-u'-it-ar-izm). A condi- 
tion due to decreased activity of the pituitary body, 
and marked by increase of fat, atrophy of the genitals, 
and loss of sexual power. 

hypoplasia (hi-po-pla'-ze-ah) [hypo-; irXdo-trew, to 
mold]. Defective development of any organ or 
tissue. 

hypoplasty {hi'-po-plas-te) [hypo-; ir\a<raeiv, to 
form]. Diminished formative power. 

hypopraxia {hi-po-praks'-e-ah) [hypo-; 7rpa£tj, 
doing]. Inactivity; listlessness; inefficiency as a 
sign or result of cerebral disorder. 

hypopselaphesia (hi-pop-sel-af-e'-ze-ah) [hypo- ; 
^rj\64>r}ais, touch]. Diminution of sensitiveness to 
tactile impressions. 

hypoptyalism {hi-pop-ti'-al-izm) [hypo-; ptyalism], 
A mild or slight ptyalism. 



hypopyon (hi-po'-pe-on) [hypo-; irvov, pus]. A 
collection of pus in the anterior chamber of the 
eye. 

hypoquebrachine (hi-po-kweb'-rak-en) [hypo-; que- 
bracho], C21H26N2O2. An alkaloid of quebracho, 
occurring in yellow masses, melting at about 8o° C, 
and soluble in alcohol and ether. 

hypoquinidol (hi-po-kwin'-id-ol). A proprietary 
preparation of quinine and phosphorus. 

hyporrhea (Jti-por-e'-ah) [hypo-; pdv, to flow]. A 
slight hemorrhage. 

hyposarca {hi-po-sark'-ah). See anasarca. 

hyposcheotomy Qii-pos-ke-ot'-o-me) [hypo-; bcx*>v, 
scrotum; rkp-vuv, to cut]. The surgical puncturing 
of a hydrocele at the lower part of the tunica vaginalis. 

hyposialadenitis {hi-po-si-al-ad-en-i'-tis) [hypo- ; 
a-laXov, saliva; 6.8-hv, a gland]. Inflammation of the 
submaxillary salivary gland. 

hyposmia Qii-poz'-me-ah) [hypo-; b<rp.r\, smell]. 
Diminution of the sense of smell. 

hypospadia, hypospadias (hi-po-spa'-de-ah, hi-po- 
spa'-de-as) [hypo-; airav, to draw]. A condition in 
which the urethra opens upon the under surface of 
the penis. 

hyposphyxia (hi-po-sfik'-se-ah) [hypo-; <T<f>i>£is, pulse]. 
Diminished blood pressure with venous stasis and 
general circulatory sluggishness. 

hypostaphylitis (hi-po-staf-il-i'-lis) [hypo-; ara<pv\U, 
uvula; ins, inflammation]. Slight inflammation of 
the uvula. 

hypostasis (hi-pos'-tas-is) [hypo-; stasis]. 1. Feces. 
2. A settling; also, the sediment. 3. Deposit. 
4. The settling of blood in the dependent parts of 
the body. 

hypostatic (hi-po-stat'-ik) [see hypostasis]. Due 
to, or of the nature of, hypostasis, h. congestion. 
See hypostasis (2). h. pneumonia. See pneumonia, 
hypostatic. 

hyposthenia (hi-po-sthe'-ne-ah) [hypo-; aBkvos, 
strength]. Weakness; subnormal strength. 

hypostheniant (hi-po-sthe'-ne-ant) [hyposthenia]. 
Reducing the strength; lowering the vital forces. 

hyposthenic (hi-po-stben' -ik) [hyposthenia]. 1. 
Tendency to, or characterized by, hyposthenia; 
applied to diseases that are more than ordinarily 
enfeebling. 2. A medicine that reduces the action 
of the heart without affecting its rhythm. 

hyposthenuria (hi-po-sthen-u'-re-ah) [hyposthenia; 
ovpov, urine]. 1. Suppression of the urine from 
inability of the kidney to eliminate. 2. Diminution 
of solids in the urine. 

hypostyptic (hi-po-stip'-tik) [hypo-; vtvtttlkos, 
astringent]. 1. Moderately or mildly styptic. 2. A 
mildly styptic medicine. 

hyposynergia (hi-po-sin-er'-je-ah) [hypo-; awepyia, 
cooperation]. Defective coordination. 

hyposystole {hi-po-sis'-to-le) [hypo-; systole]. De- 
ficiency of the cardiac systole. 

hypotaxia (hi-po-taks'-e-ah) [hypo-; T<i|ts, arrange- 
ment]. A condition of weakened or imperfect co- 
ordination. 

hypotension (hi-po-ten'-shun) [hypo-; tensio, a 
stretching]. Diminished or abnormally low tension; 
hypotonia. 

hypothalamus {hi-po-thaV -am-us) [hypo-; OaXa/jtos, 
thalamus]. A group of prominences and aggrega- 
tions of ganglia lying on the ventral side beneath the 
thalamus. Syn., subthalamus. 

hypothenar (hi-poth'-en-ar) [hypo-; devap, palm]. 
The fleshy eminence on the palm of the hand over 
the metacarpal bone of the little finger. Also, the 
prominences on the palm at the base of the fingers. 

hypothermal (hi-po-ther'-mal) [see hypothermia]. 
Slightly hot; tepid. 

hypothermia, hypothermy {hi-po-ther'-me-ah, hi-po- 
ther'-me) [hypo-; Oepp.y, heat]. Subnormal tempera- 
ture ; deficiency in the heat of the body. 

hypothesis (hi-poth'-es-is) [hypo-; 0«ris, a position]. 
A supposition set forth for discussion or demonstra- 
tion. A theory assumed as true. 

hypothyreosis, hypothyroidation, hypothyroidea, 
hypothyroidism. Deficient functional activity of the 
thyroid gland. 

hypothyroidism (hi-po-thi'-roid-izm). A morbid 
condition attributed to deficient activity of the 
thyroid gland. 

hypothyrosis Qti-po-thi-ro' -sis) . Reduced func- 
tional activity of the thyroid gland. 

hypotonia, hypotonus (hi-po-to'-ne-ah, hi-pot'-o- 
nus) [hypo-; rbvos, tension]. Decrease of normal 



HYPOTONIC 



450 



HYSTERODYNIA 



tonicity or tension; especially diminution of intra- 
ocular pressure. 

hypotonic (hi-po-lon'-ik). i. Below the normal 
strength or tension. 2. Less than isotonic. 

hypotoxicity (hi-po-toks-is'-it-e) [hypo-; to£lk6v, 
poison]. A reduced toxicity. 

hypotrichosis (hip-o-trik-o'-sis) [hypo-; 0pl£, hair]. 
A rare congenital anomaly, of entire absence of hair 
or growth delayed beyond the normal time. 

hypotrophy (hi-pol'-ro-fe) [hypo-; rpkcpeiv, to 
nourish]. Defective nutrition. 

hypotympanic (hi-po-tim-pan'-ik). Located be- 
neath the tympanum. 

hypouremia (hi-po-u-re'-mc-ah) [hypo-; ovpov, 
urine; alfia, blood]. Diminution of the urea normally 
present in the blood. 

hypourocrinia (hi-po-il-ro-krin'-e-ah) [hypo-; ovpov, 
urine; Kpiveiv, to separate]. A deficient or too 
scanty secretion of urine. 

hypovenosity (hi-po-ven-os'-it-e) [hypo-; venosus, 
venous]. A condition in which there is incomplete 
development of the venous system in a given area, 
resulting in atrophy and degeneration in the muscles. 

hypoxanthine (hi-po-zan'-thin) [hypo-; xanthin], 
C5H4N4O. A nonpoisonous leukomaine. It occurs, 
accompanying adenin and guanin, in nearly all the 
animal tissues and organs rich in nucleated cells. In 
minute quantities it is a normal constituent of urine. 
It has also been found in plants, seeds, ferments, and 
wines. It is a crystalline body, soluble in cold and 
boiling water, insoluble in cold alcohol or ether. 
Hypoxanthine appears to be one of the products 
formed by the decomposition and successive oxida- 
tion of proteid matter previous to the formation 
of uric acid and urea. It is produced from adenin by 
the action of nitrous acid. Syn., sarcine. h., test 
for. See Kossel's test for hypoxanthine. 

hypoxemia (hi-poks-e'-me-ah) [hypo-; oxygen; 
alfia, blood]. Insufficient oxygenation of the blood. 

hypsicephalic (hip-sis-ef-al'-ik) [tn//i, high; ne<i>a\ri, 
head]. Having a skull with a cranial index over 
75.1°. 

hypsicephaly (hip-sis-ef'-M-e) [v\pt, on high; Ke<j>a\r), 
head]. The condition of a skull with a cranial index 
of over 7S.i°. 

hypsiloid (hip'-sil-oid) [viraihov, the Greek letter v, u; 
elSos, resemblance]. Hyoid. 

hypsistenocephalic (hip-sist-en-o-sef-al'-ik). See 
hypsicephalic. 

hypsocephalic, hypsocephalous (Jtip-so-sef-al'-ik, 
-us]). See hypsicephalic. 

hypsocephaly (hip-so-sef'-al-e). See hypsicephaly. 

hypsonosus (hip-son' -o-sus) [v\pos, height; voo-os, 
illness]. Mountain-sickness; balloon-sickness; char- 
acterized by nausea, headache, epistaxis, etc. 

hypsophobia (hip-so-fo'-be-ah) [fyos, height; <£6/Sos, 
fear]. Morbid dread of being at a great height; 
aerophobia. 

hypsopisthius (hip-so-pis'-the-us) [v\pi, on high; 
birioBiov, occiput]. Lissauer's term for a skull in 
which the angle included between the radius fixus 
and the line joining the hormion and lambda is 
between 33° and 41 . 

hypurgia, hypurgesis (hi-pur'-je-ah, hi-pur-je'-sis) 
[virovpyia, vvovpyria-is]. Medical attendance. 

hypurgic, hypurgous {hi-pur'-jik, hi-pur'-jus). 
Helping, aiding, administering. 

hyrgol, hyrgolum (hur'-gol, hur'-gol-um). Col- 
loidal mercury, an allotropic form of solid mercury. 

Hyrl's anastomosis or loop [Joseph Hyrtl, Austrian 
atanomist, i8ii-i8q4]- The transection of two 
arteries. Syn., dehiscentia decussantium. H.'s sphincter. 
See Nelaton's sphincter. 

hyssop (his'-op) [yaauiros, an aromatic plant]. The 
leaves and tops of Hyssopus officinalis, an aromatic 
stimulant, carminative, and tonic, employed in 
chronic catarrh of the respiratory tract. Dose of 
the fluid 'extract 1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc). 

hyster- (his-ter-) [varkpa, uterus]. Prefix sig- 
nifying relation to the uterus or to hysteria. 

hystera (his'-ter-ah) [varkpa, womb]. The uterus 
or womb. 

hysteralgia (his-ter-al'-je-ah) [hyster-; &X70S, pain]. 
Neuralgic pain in the uterus. 

hysteranesis (his-ter-an'-es-is) [hyster-; ave<ns, 
relaxation]. Relaxation and atony of the uterus. 

hysteratresia (his-ter -at-re'-ze-ah) [hyster-; arperos, 
imperforate]. An imperforate or impervious con- 
dition of the mouth of the womb. 

hysterauxesis (his-ier-awks-e'.-sis) [hyster-; av£ri<ns, 



enlargement]. Enlargement of the uterus, normal 
(as in pregnancy) or abnormal. 

hysterectomy (his-ter-ek'-to-me) [hyster-; ticro/ir), a 
cutting out]. Excision of the uterus through the 
abdomen (abdominal hysterectomy) or the vagina 
(vaginal hysterectomy). 

hysteredema, hysteroedema (his-ter-e-de'-mah) [hys- 
ter-; oldrina, edema]. Edema of the womb-substance. 

hysterelcosis (his-ter-el-ko'-sis) [hyster-; eXxwais, 
ulceration]. Ulceration of the uterus. 

hysteremphysema (his-ter-em-fiz-e'-mah). See 
physometra. 

hysterergia (his-ter-ur'-je-ah) [uorepos, later; 
epyovi work]. The after-results of a remedy or 
method of treatment. 

hysteria (his-te'-re-ah) [varepa, womb, from the 
ancient belief that the condition depended upon 
uterine disease]. A diseased state of the mind 
manifesting itself in countless disturbances of the 
psychic, sensory, motor, and vasomotor functions. 
The etiology is not definitely known; heredity and 
mental shock play an important part. All ages and 
both sexes are subject to the disease, but it is most 
common in young women. The psychic disturbances 
consist in increased irritability, tendency to exag- 
geration, a heightened imagination, hallucinations, 
and somnambulistic and hypnotic states'. Among 
sensory symptoms are various neuralgias, as clavus, 
hemicrania, and coccygodynia; anesthesias; hyper- 
esthesias; diminution of the visual field; diplopia; 
deafness; loss of the sense of taste, etc. The motor 
symptoms comprise paralyses and contractures of the 
limbs, tremor, convulsions, catalepsy, aphonia, etc. 
The chief vasomotor phenomena are cyanosis, cutane- 
ous hemorrhages, and edema. In addition to these 
symptoms many others are at times noted, as anor- 
exia, vomiting, salivation, polyuria, anuria, etc. 
h. major, hysteroepilepsy. h. minor, a mild form of 
the disease. 

hysteric, hysterical (his-ter' -ik, his-ter' -ik-al). 
Pertaining to hysteria, h. ataxia, a hysterical state 
marked by loss of sensation in the skin and in the 
leg muscles, h. chorea, a form of hystetia with 
choreiform movements. 

hystericism (his-ter' -is-izm) [hyster-]. The hys- 
terical diathesis or temperament; proneness to the 
exhibition of hysterical symptoms. 

hystericoneuralgic (his-ter-ik-o-nil-ral'-jik). Like 
neuralgia but of hysterical origin. 

hysterics (his-ter' -iks). A popular term for the 
hysterical attack. 

hysteriencephalitis (his-ter-e-en-sef-al-i'-iis) [hys- 
ter-; iyne<f>a\ov, brain; ins, inflammation]. Encepha- 
litis and meningitis following repeated attacks of 
hysteria. 

hysteritis (his-ter-i'-tis). See metritis. 

hystero- (his'-ter-o-) [vcrrepa, uterus]. A prefix 
signifying relation to the uterus, or to hysteria. 

hysterobubonocele (his-ter -o-bu-bon'-o-s el) [hys- 
tero-; fiovfi(avoK-i)\r), an inguinal hernia]. An inguinal 
hysterocele. 

hysterocatalepsy (his-ter-o-kat'-al-ep-se) [hystero-; 
catalepsy], A form of hysteria accompanied by 
catalepsy. 

hysterocele (his'-ter-o-sel) [hystero-; K17X17, hernia]. 
A hernia containing all or part of the uterus. 

hysterocleisis (his-ter-o-kli'-sis) [hystero-; <cXeI<ri$, 
closure]. The closure of the uterus by suturing the 
edges of the os. 

hysterocyesis (his-ter-o-si-e'-sis) [hystero-; nvrjo-is, 
pregnancy]. Uterine pregnancy. 

hysterocystic (his-ter-o-sist'-ik) [hystero-; kvctvs, 
the bladder]. Relating to the uterus and bladder. 

hysterocystocele (his-ter-o-sis'-to-sel) [hystero-; 
kvotis, bladder; Kr)\ri, hernia]. Hysterocele compli- 
cated by cystocele; hernia of the womb and the 
bladder, or parts of them. 

hysterocystocleisis (his-ter-o-sist-o-kli'-sis) [hys- 
tero-; kvotvs, bladder; xXeiais, closure]. Boze- 
man's operation for relief of vesicouterovaginal fistula, 
consisting in turning the cervix uteri into the bladder 
and suturing it. 

hysterocystopexy (his-ter-o-sist'-o-peks-e). See ven- 
trovesicofixation. 

hysterodynamometer (his-ter-o-din-am-om'-et-er) 
[hystero-; Swafiis, power; ukrpov, a measure]. An 
apparatus to record the number, intensity, and 
variations of uterine contractions. 

hysterodynia (his-ter -o-din'-e-ah) [hystero-; odwrj, 
pain]. Pain in the womb. 



HYSTEROEPILEPSY 



451 



HYTHER 



hysteroepilepsy (his-ter-o-ep'-e-lep-se) [hystero-; 
epilepsy]. A form of hysteria accompanied by con- 
vulsions resembling those of epilepsy. 

hysteroepileptogenous {his'-ter-o-ep-il-ep-toj'-en-us) 
[hystero-; epilepsy; yewav, to produce]. Producing 
hysterical epilepsy. 

hysterofrenic (his-ter-o-fren'-ik) [hysteria; frcenum, 
a curb]. Capable of checking an attack of hysteria; 
opposed to hysterogenic. 

hysterogastrorrhaphy (his-ter-o-gas-tror'-af-e). See 
hysteropexy. 

hysterogenic, hysterogenous (his-ter-o-jen'-ik, his- 
ter-oj'-en-us) [hystero-; yewav, to beget]. Causing 
or producing a hysterical attack, as hysterogenic zones, 
certain regions pressure upon which excites a hyster- 
ical paroxysm. 

hysterogeny (his-ter-oj'-en-e) [hystero-; ytwav, to 
produce]. The induction of the hysterical state or 
paroxysm. 

hysteroid (his'-ter-oid) [hystero-; elSos, like]. I. Re- 
sembling hysteria. 2. Pertaining to hystero-epilepsy. 

hysterokataphraxis (his-ter-o-kat-ah-fraks'-is) [hys- 
tero-; Kara<j>pa.KTvs, a coat of mail]. An operation for 
including the uterus within supporting metal struc- 
tures as a medium of replacement. 

hysterolaparotomy (his-ter-o-lap-ar-ot'-o-me) [hys- 
tero-; Xairapa, the abdominal wall; ripveiv, to cut]. 
Abdominal hysterectomy. 

hysterolith (his'-ter-o-lith) [hystero-; \idos, stone]. 
Calculus or stone in the womb. 

hysterolithiasis (his-ter-o-lith-i'-as-is) [hystero-; 
Xttitaais, the formation of calculi]. The formation 
of hysteroliths. 

hysterology (his-ter-ol'-o-je) [hystero-; \6yos, sci- 
ence]. The anatomy, physiology, and pathology of 
the uterus. 

hysteroloxia (his-ter-o-loks'-e-ah) [hystero-; Xo£tos, 
oblique]. Oblique displacement or position of the 
uterus. 

hysterolysis (his-ter-oV-is-is) [hystero-; Xueiv, to 
loose]. Severing the attachments of the uterus. 
h., vaginal, the operation of detachment of the 
uterus first from its posterior adhesions and then 
from its anterior adhesions by posterior and anterior 
colpotomy and concluding with vaginofixation. 

hysteroma (his-ter-o'-mah) . A fibroid tumor of the 
uterus. 

hysteromalacia (his-ter-o-mal-a'-se-ah) [hystero- ; 
naXaicla., softness]. Softening of the tissues of the 
womb. 

hysteromalacoma (his-ler-o-mal-ak-o'-mah) [hys- 
tero-; naXaicos, soft]. Softening of the womb or of 
any part of it. 

hysteromania (his-ter-o-ma'-ne-ah) [hystero-; pavla, 
madness]. Hysterical insanity; also, nymphomania. 

hysterometer (his-ter-om'-et-er) [hystero-; pkrpov, 
measure]. An instrument for measuring the length 
of the intrauterine cavity. 

hysterometry (his-ter-om'-et-re) [hystero-; pkrpov, 
measure] . The measurement of the size of the uterus. 

hysteromyoma (his-ter-o-mi-o'-mah) [hystero-; my- 
oma: pi., hysteromyomata]. Myoma or fibro-myoma 
of the uterus. 

hysteromyomectomy {his-ter-o-mi-o-mek '-to-me) 
[hystero-; myoma; tKTopi], excision]. Removal of a 
fibroid uterus. 

hysteromyotomy (his-ter-o-mi-ot'-o-me) [hystero- ; 
pvs, muscle; ri/ivetp, to cut]. Incision into the uterus 
for removal or enucleation of a solid tumor. 

hysteroncus (his-ter-ong'-kus) [hystero-; 6yxos, a 
tumor]. A tumor or swelling of the uterus. 

hysteroneurasthenia (his-ter-o-nu-ras-tke'-ne-ah) 
[hystero-; neurasthenia). 1. Neurasthenia resulting 
from womb-disease. 2. The stage where neuras- 
thenia ceases and hysteria begins. 

hysteroneurosis (his-ter-o-nu-ro'-sis) [hystero-; neu- 
rosis]. A reflex neurosis resulting from irritation of 
the uterus. 

hystero-oophorectomy (his' -ter-o-o-off-or-ek' -to-me) 
[hystero-; wcxpopos, egg-bearing; kx.Top.ri, a cutting out]. 
The surgical removal of the uterus and ovaries 
together. 

hystero-ovariotomy (his-ler-o-o-va-re-ot'-o-me). See 
hystero-oophurectomy. 

hysteroparalysis (his-ter-o-par-al'-is-is) [hystero-; 
paralysis]. Paralysis or weakness of the walls of the 
womb. 

hysteropathic (his-ter-o-path'-ik) [hystero-; iraBos, 
disease]. Of the nature of, or pertaining to, hystero- 
pathy. 



hysteropathy (his-ter-op'-ath-e) [hystero-; irfflos, 
disease]. Any disease or disorder of the uterus. 

hysteropexy {his' -ter-o-peks-e) [hystero-; ir^vs, a 
fastening]. Fixation of the uterus by a surgical 
operation to correct displacement. 

hysterophore (his'-ter-o-for) [hystero-; <f>op6s, bear- 
ing]. A form of uterine pessary. 

hysterophrenic (his-ter-o-fren'-ik) [hystero-; <t>pi)v, 
the mind]. Opposed to hysterogenic. 

hysteroplegia (his-ler-o-ple'-je-ah) [hystero-; ir\r)yri, 
a stroke]. Same as hysteroparalysis. 

hysteropnix (his-ter-op'-niks) [hystero-; irvl£, suffo- 
cation]. Globus hystericus. 

hysteropsophy (his-ter-op'-so-fe) [hystero-; \p64>os, 
sound, utterance]. The escape of air from the uterus 
with an audible sound. 

hysteropsychopathy (his-ter-o-si-kop'-ath-e) [hys- 
tero-; \pvxv, the mind; ttoBos, disease]. Mental dis- 
order secondary to disease of the uterus. 

hysteropsychosis (his-ter-o-si-ko'-sis) [hystero-; fw 
xv> the mind]. Mental disorder associated with 
uterine disease. 

hysteroptosis (his-ter-op-to'-sis) [hystero-; irTuxns, 
a falling]. Falling or inversion of the uterus. 

hysterorrhagia (his-ter-or-aj'-e-ah). See metror- 
rhagia. 

hysterorrhaphy (his-ter-or'-a-fe) [hystero-; pa<j>ri, 
suture].. 1. The closure of a uterine incision or 
rent by suture. 2. Hysteropexy. 

hysterorrhea (his-ter-or-e'-ah) [hystero-; pola, 
flow]. A discharge from the uterus. 

hysterorrhexis (his-ter-or-eks'-is) [hystero-; prjfa, 
rupture]. Rupture of the womb. 

hysterosalpingo-oophorectomy (his-ter-o-sal-pin-go- 
o-of-or-ek' -to-me). Excision of the uterus, oviducts, 
and ovaries. 

hysterosalpinx (his-ter-o-sal'-pingks) [hystero-; <rdX- 
7riy£, a pipe]. A Fallopian tube or oviduct. 

hysteroscope (his' -ter-o-skop) [hystero-; o-Kotrtlv, 
to view]. A uterine speculum, with a reflector. 

hysteroscopy (his-ter-os'-ko-pe) [hystero-; aKowtlv, 
to examine]. Inspection of the uterus. 

hysterospasm (his'-ter-o-spazm) [hystero-; spasm]. 
Uterine spasm. 

hysterostomatome (his-ter-o-sto'-mat-om) [hystero-; 
0-rop.a, mouth; Top.ii, section]. A knife for use in 
hysterostomatomy. 

hysterostomatomy, or hysterostomatotomy (his-ter- 
o-sto-mat'-o-me, or his-ter-os-to-mat-ot'-o-me) [hystero-; 
OTopa, mouth; Topij, section]. Surgical incision of 
the os uteri, or its enlargement by a cutting operation. 

hysterosyphilis (his-ter-o-sif'-il-is). Hysterical 
manifestation due to syphilis. 

hysterotabetism (his-ter-o-ta'-bet-izm). Combined 
tabes and hysteria. 

hysterotokotomy (his-ter-o-to-kot'-o-me) [hystero-; 
tokos, birth; Top-q, section]. Cesarean operation, or 
delivery through an incision into the womb. 

hysterotome (his'-ter-o-tom) [hystero-; Top.ii, a 
cutting]. A hysterotomy-knife or cutting-instru- 
ment for use in hysterotomy. 

hysterotomotocia Qiis-ter-o-to-mo-to'-se-ah) [hys* 
tero-; Topi], cutting; tokos, birth]. An incision into 
the womb for the removal of a fetus; hysterotoko- 
tomy. 

hysterotomy (his-ter-ot'-o-me) [hystero-; Topii, a 
cutting]. Incision of the uterus. 

hysterotrachelorrhaphy (his-ter-o-trak-el-or'-a-fe) 
[hystero-; rpdx»/Xos, neck; patpi), suture]. A plastic 
operation for the restoration of a lacerated cervix 
uteri. 

hysterotrachelotomy (his-ter-o-trak-el-ot'-o-me) [hys- 
tero-; rpdxnXos, neck; Topi\, section]. Surgical 
incision of the neck of the womb. 

hysterotraumatism (Jtis-ter-o-traw'-mat-izm) [hys- 
tero-; Tpavpa, wound]. Hysterical symptoms due to 
or following traumatism. 

hysterotrismus (his-ter-o-triz'-mus) [hystero-; rpiv 
pos, a creaking]. Spasm of the uterus. 

hystrichiasis (his-trik-i'-as-is) [vo- T pi£, a hedgehog]. 
A disease of the hair in which it stands out stiffly 
like the spines of the hedgehog. 

hystriciasis, hystricism (his-tris-i'-as-is, his'-tris- 
izm). 1. A disease of the hairs in which they stand 
erect. 2. Ichthyosis hystrix. 

hystrix (his'-triks) [vo-Tpi£, porcupine]. Same as 
ichthyosis hystrix. 

hyther (hi'-thur) [Mwp, water; depp-q, heat]. The 
combined effect of moisture and temperature of the 
atmosphere upon human beings. 



I. The chemical symbol for iodine. 

i. Abbreviation for optically inactive. 

iamatology (i-am-at-oV -o-je) [tana, remedy; \6yos, 
science]. The science of remedies, or of therapeutics; 
aceology. 

iasis (i-a'-sis) [Wis, treatment, cure]. Medical 
or surgical treatment. 

-iasis. A termination denoting a process or its re- 
sult (as lithiasis from Xi0os a stone). And see -osis. 

iatraliptic (i-at-rah-lip'-tik) [larpos, physician; 
dXeiirrTjj, an anointer]. Curing by using ointments 
and frictions. 

iatreusiology (i-at-roo-se-ol'-o-je) [l&rpevais, prac- 
tice of medicine; X670S, science]. The science of 
medical or surgical treatment; therapeutics. 

iatreusis (i-at-roo'-sis) [larpevais, treatment]. 
Medical or surgical treatment. 

iatric {i-at'-rik) [larpmos medical]. Pertaining 
to the physician or to the science of medicine. 

iatro- (i-at'-ro-) [larpos, physician]. A Greek 
prefix signifying relation to medicine or to physicians. 

iatrochemical, iatrochemic (i-at-ro-kem'-ik-al, i-at- 
ro-kem'-ik) [iatro-; chemistry]. Pertaining to the 
obsolete chemical school of therapeutists; spagiric. 

iatrochemist (i-at-ro-kem'-ist) [iatro-; chemist], 
A follower of iatrochemical or spagiric doctrines. 

iatrochemistry (i-at-ro-kem'-ist-re) [larpds, physi- 
cian; xvuda, chemistry]. 1. The application of 
chemistry to therapeutics; the treatment of disease 
by chemical means. 2. The theory that disease and 
its treatment are explicable on a chemical basis. 

iatrol (i'-at-rol), Oxy-iodo-methyl-anilide; an 
odorless and non-toxic antiseptic agent, said to be 
three times as effective, weight for weight, as iodo- 
form. 

iatroleptica (i-at-ro-lep' -tik-ah) [iatro-; &\el<f>eiv, 
to oil the skin]. The treatment of disease by anoint- 
ing, friction, and exercise. 

iatroliptic (i-at-ro-lip'-tik). See iatraliptic. 

iatrology (i-at-roV -o-je) [iatro-; Xoyos, science]. 
The science of medicine; an account of, or treatise 
on, physicians. 

iatrophysics (i-at-ro-fiz'-iks) [larpds, physician; 
«pv<nn6s, pertaining to nature]. 1. The treatment 
-of disease by physical measures. 2. The theory that 
■disease and its treatment are explicable on a materi- 
alistic or physical basis. The materialistic explana- 
tion of disease ; applied especially to an obsolete theory 
of the seventeenth century that sought to explain 
physiological and therapeutic facts by means of the 
principles of physics (dynamics and statics). 

iatrosophist (i-at-ro-sof'-ist) [iatro-; <ro<pos, skilful]. 
A physician skilled in the theory of medicine. 

latrotechnics (i-at-ro-tek'-niks) [larpos, physician; 
-rkxvn, art]. The art of healing. 

ibit (ib'-it). See bismuth oxyiodotannate. 

-ic. A suffix denoting the higher of two valencies 
assumed by an element, and incidentally in many 
cases a larger amount of oxygen. 

icaja, icaya (ik'-aj-ah). An ordeal poison with 
action similar to nux vomica obtained from the stem 
of Strychnos icaja. 

icajine (ik'-aj-en) [African, icaja], A poisonous 
alkaloid derived from an African ordeal-drug called 
icaja. It somewhat resembles brucine and is prob- 
ably derived from some species of Strophantus. 

ice (is) IAS., Is]. Water in its solid state, which 
it assumes at a temperature of o° C, or 32 F. It is 
used externally in the form of applications, and inter- 
nally as a refrigerant and to combat nausea, i.-bag, 
i.-cap, i.-compress, measures for applying ice to 
reduce temperature, to lessen inflammatory action, 
to check hemorrhage, and to relieve pain. 

Iceland moss (Is' -land). See cetraria (2). I. spar, 
a crystalline form of calcium carbonate, having doubly 
refracting properties, and used in instruments for 
studying polarized light. 



ichnogram (ik' -no-gram) [txvos, a track, footstep; 
yph(peiv, to write]. In forensic connection, the record 
of a footprint. 

ichor (i'-kor) [ix&P. serum or pus]. An acrid, thin, 
discharge from an ulcer or wound. 

ichoremia, ichoraemia. See ichorrhemia. 

ichorization (i-kor-iz-a'-shun) [ichor]. The con- 
version of tissue into ichor. 

ichorous (i'-kor-us) [ichor]. Resembling or relating 
to ichor. 

ichorrhea (i-kor-e'-ah) [ly&p, pus; pola, a flow]. 
A copious flow of ichor. 

ichorrhemia, ichorrhaemia (i-kor'-e-me-ah) [ichor; 
atp.a, blood]. The presence of septic master in the 
blood. 

ichthalbin (ik-thal'-bin). Ichthyol albuminate; 
used in gastrointestinal diseases. Dose 15-30 gr. 
(1-2 Gm.) 3 times daily. 

ichthargan (ik-thar'-gan). A combination of silver 
and ichthyol-sulphonic acid containing 30 % of the 
former. It is used in acute gonorrhea in injections 
containing i-i£ gr. in 8 oz.; irrigation with solutions 
of 1 : 4000-1 : 750. 

ichthidin (ik'-thid-in) [IxObs, fish]. A substance 
resembling lardacein, but obtained from the eggs of 
cyprinoid fishes. 

ichthin (ik'-thin) [IxBvs, fish]. An albuminous 
substance obtained from the eggs of some fishes, 
and also from cartilaginous fishes and frogs. 

ichthoform (ik'-tho-form), Ichthyol formaldehyde; 
it is used as an intestinal disinfectant, antiphlogistic, 
and as a vulnerary. Dose 15-20 gr. (1. 0-1.3 Gm.) 
daily. 

ichthosin (ik'-tho-sin). A compound of ichthyol 
and eosin used in skin diseases. 

ichthulin (ik'-thu-lin) [IxOvs, a fish; 6Xj?, matter]. 
A lardaceous substance, found in the eggs of fishes 
and in salmon. It is akin to ichthin and ichthidin. 

ichthyiasis (ik-the-i'-as-is). Same as ichthyosis. 

ichthyism (ik'-the-izm). See ichthysmus. 

ichthyo- (ik-the-o-) [ix^vs, fish]. A prefix meaning 
fish. 

ichthyocolla (ik-the-o-kol'-ah) [ichthyo-; icbWa, glue]. 
Isinglass. The air-bladder of the sturgeon, A cipenser 
huso, occurring in horny, translucent, white sheets 
that form a jelly with hot water. It is a form of 
gelatin, and is used as a food, for clarifying liquids, 
and as a test for tannic acid. It forms the basis of 
English court-plaster (emplastrum ichthyocolla). 

ichthyography (ik-the-og'-ra-fe) [ichthyo-; ypafaiv, 
to write]. A description of fishes; ichthyology. 

ichthyoid (ik'-the-oid) [ichthyo-; el8os, like]. Fish- 
like. 

ichthyol (ik'-the-ol) [ichthyo-; oleum, oil]. 1. The 
ammonium or sodium salt of a tarry substance 
obtained in the distillation of a bituminous mineral 
containing fossil fish. The chemical formula is 
C28H 3 6S306(HN4)2, or C28H36S30eNa2. It contains 
about 15 % of sulphur, and is used as an alterative 
and antiphlogistic, especially in eczema, acne, lupus, 
and other dermal diseases. Internally it has been 
employed in rheumatism, syphilis, leprosy, tubercu- 
losis, etc. Dose 10-30 gr. (0.65-2.0 Gm.) in 24 hours. 
2. Ammonium ichthyol sulphonate, (NKU)2C2sH36S3- 
Oe, soluble in water, glycerol, and a mixture of 
alcohol and ether; freely miscible in oils. Dose as 
alterative 3-10 min. (0.2-0.65 Gm.) 3 times daily. 
Application, s to so % ointment; 2 % solution in 
gonorrhea, i. albuminate. See ichthalbin. i. form- 
aldehyde. See ichthoform. i., lithium, Li2C2sH36S306, 
a dark-brown mass used in 50 % ointment. Syn., 
Lithium ichthyol sulphonate. i. silver, ichthargan. 
i., sodium. See ichthyol (1). i., zinc, zinc ichthyol 
sulphonate, a black, tarry mass, used in injections. 

ichthyology (ik-the-oV -o-je) [ichthyo-; \6yos, sci- 
ence]. The science of fishes, their anatomy, distri- 
bution, and biology. 



ICHTHYOPHAGOUS 



453 



IDEOLOGY 



ichthyophagous (ik-the-of'-ag-us) [ichthyo-; <payelv, 
to eat]. Fish-eating. 

ichthyosis (ik-the-o'-sis) [ix^vs, fish]. A chronic 
skin disease characterized by the development of 
epidermal plates somewhat resembling the scales of 
a fish. i. follicularis, a form in which the sebum 
and epithelium are heaped around the orifices of the 
hair follicles. L hystrix, a form characterized by 
warty growths, consisting of elongated and hyper- 
trophied papillae, covered by greatly thickened epi- 
dermis, i. sebacea, seborrhea, i. simplex, the 
common form of ichthyosis, in which the surface 
has a tessellated appearance, from being covered 
with large, finely corrugated, papery scales. 

ichthyotic (jk-the-ot'-ik) [ichthyo-]. Relating to or 
affected with ichthyosis. 

ichthyotomy (ik-the-ot'-o-me) [ichthyo-; tout), a 
cutting]. The dissection or anatomy of fishes. 

ichthyotoxicon (ik-the-o-toks'-ik-on) [ichthyo- ; 
to£ucov, poison]. I. The toxin present in the serum 
of certain fishes, as in that of the eel. 2. A general 
term for the active agent in poisoning by eating fish. 

ichthyotoxicum (ik-the-o-toks'-ik-um) [ichthyo-; 
t6£ikov, poison]. A name loosely given to poisoning 
from eating the flesh of certain fish, and also to the 
poisonous principle. It may be a natural poisonous 
principle or the result of putrefactive fermentation 
of the substance of the fish. It is probably a pto- 
maine. 

ichthyotoxin (ik-the-o-toks'-in). A basic poison 
generated in fish by growth of bacteria or fungi. 

ichthyotoxism (ik-the-o-toks'-izm). See ichthysmus. 
Cf. siguatera. 

ichthysmus (ik-thiz'-mus) [IxOvs, fish]. Poisoning 
due to the absorption of mytilotoxin from fish. 

ichtol (ik'-iol). A proprietary mixture said to 
consist of lanolin, iodoform, glycerol, phenol, oil of 
lavender, and oil of eucalyptus, used in skin diseases. 

icing-liver. Chronic perihepatitis resulting in the 
formation of an exudate resembling the icing on a 
cake. 

icon (i'-kon) [eU&v, image]. An image or model. 

iconography (i-kon-og'-ra-fe) [ein&v, image; ypa<peiv, 
to write]. A description by means of pictorial 
illustration. 

icterencephalotyphus (ik-ter-en-sef-al-o-ti'-fus) [ic- 
terus; eyice<pa\os, the brain; rv<pos, typhus]. Typhoid 
fever with marked cerebral symptoms combined with 
jaundice. 

icterepatitis (ik-ter-ep-a-ti'-tis) [icterus; fjirap, liver; 
ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the liver with 
jaundice. 

icteric (ik-ter'-ik) [icterus]. Pertaining to or char- 
acterized by jaundice, i. fever, a form of remittent 
or relapsing malaria in which jaundice is a marked 
symptom. 

icteritious (ik-ter-ish'-us) [icterus]. 1. Affected 
with or resembling icterus. 2. Yellow, as the skin 
in jaundice. 

icterode (ik'-ter-od) [Urepudris, jaundiced]. Ic- 
teroid. 

icterogenic, icterogenous (ik-ter-o-jen'-ik, ik-ter-oj'- 
en-us) [icterus; ytwav, to produce]. Causing icterus. 

icterohematuria (tk-ter-o-hem-at-u'-re-ah) [icterus; 
hematuria]. Jaundice with hematuria. 

icterohemoglobinuria (ik-ter-o-hem-o-glo-bin-u'-re- 
ah). Combined icterus and hemoglobinuria. 

icteroid (ik'-ter-oid) [icterus; «I5os, form]. Re- 
sembling the color of, or having the nature of, 
jaundice. 

icterophthisis (ik-ter-off'-this-is) [icterus; <j>0l<ns, 
wasting]. Pulmonary tuberculosis with yellow 
discoloration of the skin. 

icterus (ik'-ter-us) [Urepot, jaundice]. Jaundice. 
i., acholuric, a condition characterized by more or 
less pigmentation of the skin in certain areas or over 
the whole surface, absence of bile-pigments in the 
urine and their presence in the blood-serum. L, 
diffusion, that due to the hepatic cells having lost 
their power of holding back the bile, which conse- 
quently diffuses into the fluids of the body. i. 
febrilis. See Weil's disease, i. gravis, acute yellow 
atrophy of the liver, an acute disease characterized 
by jaundice, marked nervous symptoms, diminution 
in size of the liver, and a rapidly fatal termination. 
The urine > contains bile and crystals of leucin and 
tyrosin. i. neonatorum, that which is sometimes 
observed in infants during the first few days after 
birth. The causes are obscure, particularly in the 
mild form; it may be due to the absorption of biliary 



pigment from the meconium and its entrance into 
the circulation through an open ductus venosus; a 
severe form is due to absence of the large bile-ducts 
or to septic infection, i., pancreatic. 1. A condition 
arising from stenosis of the pancreatic duct, when the 
system becomes deluged with pancreatic secretions. 
2. That which results from removal of the pancreas. 
i. saturninus, jaundice from lead poisoning. 

ictometer (ik-tom'-et-er) [ictus, stroke; p.krpov, 
measure]. An instrument to measure the cardiac 
impulse. 

ictus {ik'-tus) [L., "a stroke"]. A sudden attack. 
i. epilepticus, an epileptic fit. i., laryngeal, an 
apoplectiform attack occurring during a severe 
paroxysm of coughing and passing off in a few 
seconds. i. paralyticus, a paralytic stroke. i. 
sanguinis, apoplexy, i. solis, sun-stroke. 

id [Wios, one's own]. In biology, according to 
Weismann's theory of the germ-plasm, a vital unit 
of the third degree, having a definite structure of 
determinants, which in their turn are made up of 
biophores; an "ancestral germ- plasm," or unit con- 
taining all the primary constituents of the species. 
Each id represents an individuality, and is probably 
identical with the "microsome" of the nuclear rod. 
Cf. idioplasm: idant. 

idant (i'-dant) [see id]. In biology, according to 
Weismann's theory of the germplasm, a vital unit of 
the fourth degree; a group of ids, differing from the 
latter in not being perfectly invariable quantities, but 
only relatively constant, their constitution being 
modified from time to time, so that the ids which 
previously belonged to the idant Amay later take part 
in the composition of the idant B or C. A chromosome 
(chromatosome) or nuclear rod, composed of vital units 
or ancestral plasms, termed ids or microsomata (micro- 
somes). 

-ide, -id. A suffix used in chemistry to denote a 
combination of two elementary substances, or a 
radical and an element. 

idea (i-de'-ah) [idea, form or semblance]. A 
mental representation of something perceived. L- 
chase, a condition in acute mania in which dis- 
connected ideas and fancies flow rapidly through the 
mind. It is a term much used by German authors. 
i., fixed, that form of mania in which one dominant 
idea controls all actions, i., imperative, a morbid 
idea or insane suggestion imperiously demanding 
notice, the patient often being painfully conscious 
of its domination over his will. 

ideal (i-de'-al). Pertaining to an idea. i. para- 
plegia, reflex emotional paraplegia. 

ideation (i-de-a '-shun) [idea, form or semblance]. 
1. The formation of a mental conception; the cerebral 
action by which, or in accord with which, an idea is 
formed. 2. An impression which conveys some dis- 
tinct notion, but not of a sensory nature. 

ideational insanity (i-de-a'-shun-al). A form of 
insanity characterized by perversion of ideation. 

identical (i-den'-tik-al) [idem, the same]. Being; 
the same; corresponding exactly, i. points, corre- 
sponding points of the two retinae, upon which the 
rays from an object must be focused in order that it 
may be seen as one. 

identification (i-den-tif-ik-a'-shun) [see identical], 
A method of so describing and registering a person 
by certain physical peculiarities that he or his body 
may be identified, i., anthropometric. See i., 
Bertillon system of. i., Bertillon (Alphonse) system 
of, consists in the use of those measurements which 
depend on skeletal parts remaining practically un- 
changed after adult life is reached. Syn., anthropo- 
metric identification, i., Galton system of, is based 
upon imprints of the epidermic patterns found upon 
the balls of the thumbs and fingers. The records 
used are the printed impressions of the ten digits 
placed in definite order upon a card, i., palm and 
sole system of, an extension of the Galton system to 
the palmar and plantar surfaces. 

ideodynamism (i-de-o-di' -nam-izm) [idea, idea; 
8vvap,is, force]. * The domination of an idea; the 
control exercised by a suggested idea over the subse- 
quent acts of a person who is, or has been, hypnotized. 

ideoglandular (i-de-o-glan'-du-lar). Relating to 
glandular activity as evoked by a mental concept. 

ideography (i-de-og'-raf-e) [idea, an idea; ypa<pei.i>, 
to write]... 1. A description of ideas. 2. An ex- 
pression of ideas by writing, printing, or hieroglyphics. 

ideology (i-de-ol'-o-je) [ibka, idea; \6yos, science]. 
The science of thought. 



IDEOMETABOLIC 



454 



IGNIPEDITES 



ideometabolic (i-de-o-met-ab-ol'-ik). Relating to 
metabolic action induced by some idea. 

ideomotion (i-de-o-mo'-shun) [ISea, idea; motio, a. 
moving]. Motion or action due to some idea, and 
neither purely voluntary nor reflex. 

ideomotor (i-de-o-mo'-tor) [idea; mover e, to move]. 
Pertaining conjointly to ideation and movement. 
i. center, that part of the cortex which, influenced 
by ideation, excites muscular movement, i. move- 
ments, unconscious movements due to impulses of 
the mind when the attention is otherwise absorbed. 

ideomuscular (i-de-o-mus'-kii-lar). Relating to 
influence exerted upon the muscular system by a 
mental concept. 

ideopegma (i-de-o-peg'-mah) [ISea, idea; irr}yij.a, a 
thing fixed; pi., ideopegmata]. A fixed or dominant 
idea that colors all the thoughts of the patient and 
thus creates a monomania. 

ideophrenia (i-de-o-fre'-ne-ah) [idea; <ppr/v, mind]. 
Insanity with marked perversion of ideas. 

ideophrenic (i-de-o-fren'-ik) [ISea, form; fypty, 
mind]. Relating to, or marked by ideophrenia. 

ideoplastic (i-de-o-plas'-lik) [idea, idea; vXaooeiv, 
to form]. Giving shape to the ideas; that stage of 
hypnotism in which the idea impressed on the brain 
of the subject is translated into action. 

ideosynchysia, ideosynchysis (i-de-o-sin-ki'-ze-ah, 
i-de-o-sin'-kis-is) [ISea, idea; ovyxyois, a pouring 
together]. Confusion of ideas; delirium. 

ideovascular {i-de-o-vas'-ku-lar). Relating to a 
vascular change resulting from a dominant idea. 

idiempresis (id-e-em-pre'-sis) [Z5ios, own; efiirprjois, 
burning]. Spontaneous combustion. Also, spon- 
taneous inflammation. 

idio- (id-e-o-) [ISios, one's own]. A prefix signi- 
fying pertaining to one's self, peculiar to the indi- 
vidual. 

idioagglutinin (id-e-o-ag-gloo' -tin-in) [idio-; agglu- 
tinin}. An agglutinin having a spontaneous origin. 

idioblast (id'-e-o-blast) [idio-; jSXaoTos, offshoot], 
i. In biology, a histological cell having a character 
different from that of the surrounding cells, owing to 
a difference either in its form or its contents, e. g., 
the stellate hair in the interior of the tissue of Nymph- 
aacea. 2. See biophore. 

idiocrasia, idiocrasis (id-e-o-kra'-ze-ah, -kra'-sis) 
[idio-; Kpa<ris, temperament]. Idiosyncrasy. 

idiocrasy (id-e-ok'-ras-e). Same as idiosyncrasy. 

idiocratic {id-e-o-krat'-ik). Relating to an idio- 
syncrasy. 

idioctonia (id-e-ok-to'-ne-ah) [idio-; ktovos, killing]. 
Self-murder; suicide. 

idiocy (id'-e-o-se) [iSiwttjj, a private person]. 
A congenital condition of mental deficiency, usually 
accompanied by physical defects, and characterized 
by an almost total absence of intelligence. 

idiogenesis (id-e-o-jen'-es-is) [idio-; yewav, to 
produce]. The origin of idiopathic diseases. 

idioglossia (id-e-o-glos'-e-ah) [idio-; y\uooa, tongue]. 
Extremely defective utterance, but one in which the 
same sound is used to express the same idea, even 
though the sounds used belong to no known language. 

idioheteroagglutinin (id-e-o-het-er-o-ag-gloo'-tin-in) 
[idio-; erepos, other; agglutinin]. An agglutinin in 
normal blood having the property of agglutinating 
foreign cells and the blood-corpuscles of other species 
of animals. 

idioheterolysin (id-e-o-het-er-ol' -is-in) [idio-; erepos, 
other; Xveiv, to loose]. A lysin in normal blood 
capable of dissolving foreign cells and the blood- 
corpuscle of another species of animal. 

idiohypnotism (id-e-o-hip'-no-tizm). Self-induced 
hypnotism. 

idioisoagglutinin (id-e-o-is-o-ag-gloo' -tin-in) [idio-; 
loos, equal; agglutinin]. An inborn nonhereditary 
substance present in normal blood, due to inter- 
changeable immunization between mother and fetus. 

idioisolysin {id-e-o-is-oV -is-in) [idio-; isolysin]. An 
inborn, nonhereditary isolysin due to. an interchange- 
able immunization between mother arid fetus. 

idiologism {id-e-oV -o-jizm) [idio-, ;~X6yoi, utterance]. 
A characteristic expression or form .of Utterance 
peculiar to any person, especially to an insane 
person. 

idiolysin (id-e-ol' -is-in). A lysin found normally 
in the blood and having a spontaneous origin. 

idiometritis (id-e-o-me-tri'-tis) [idio- ; *• metritis]. 
Inflammation of the parenchymatous substance of 
the uterus. 

idiomiasma (id-e-o-mi-az'-mah) [idio-; filaona, 



stain, defilement; pi., idiomiasmata}. A term for 
any noxious exhalation from the body. 

idiomology (id-e-o-mol'-o-je) [lSlu>p,a, a peculiar 
phraseology, idiom; \kyeiv, to speak]. The study of 
the peculiarities of speech of various races. 

idiomuscular (id-e-o-mus'-ku-lar) [idio-; musculus, 
musele]. Peculiar to muscular tissue; not involving 
any nerve-stimulus or any function of the organism 
except those of the muscle itself, i. contraction, 
contraction of a tired or weakened muscle under 
certain conditions of extraneous stimulus. 

idioneurosis (id-e-o-nu-ro'-sis) [idio-; neurosis]. 
An affection due to some disturbed or abnormal 
condition of the nerves supplying the affected part; 
a simple neurosis. 

idiopathic (id-e-o-palh'-ik) [idio-; ttoJ&os, disease]. 
Not dependent upon another disease or upon a known 
or recognized cause, i. anemia, pernicious anemia, 
i. disease, a self-existing disease. 

idiopathy (id-e-op'-ath-e) [idio-; irados, disease]. 
I. An idiopathic disease or condition. 2. The fact 
or quality of being idiopathic. 

idiophrenic (id-e-o-fren'-ik) [idio-; <ppr)i>, mind]. 
Due to disease of the brain; applied to certain forms 
of insanity. 

idioplasm (id'-e-o-plazm) [idio-; ir\6.op.a, a thing 
formed]. A reproductive substance not contained 
in the body of the cell, but in the chromosomes of 
the nucleus, controlling and determining the actual 
characters of the particular cell, and also those of all 
of its descendants. 

idiopsychology (id-e-o-si-kol'-o-je) [idio-; ^v\v, 
soul]. Psychology based upon introspective study 
of one's own mental acts. Cf. heteropsychology. 

idioretinal (id-e-o-ret'-in-al) [idio-; retina]. Pecu- 
liar or proper to the retina. 

idiosome (id'-e-o-som). See idioblast. 

idiospasm {id'-e-o-spazm) [idio-; owaop.6s, spasm]. 
A spasm confined to one part. 

idiospastic {id-e-o-spas'-tik) [idio-; o-iraoriKos, 
stretching]. Pertaining to idiospasm. 

idiosthenia (id-e-o-sthe'-ne-ah) [idio-; od'evos, 
strength]. Having innate or spontaneous strength 
or power. 

idiosyncrasia (id-e-o-sin-kra'-ze-ah). Same as 
idiosyncrasy. 

idiosyncrasy (id-e-o-sin'-kra-se) [idio-; ovv, to- 
gether; kpolois, a mingling]. 1. Any special or pecu- 
liar characteristic or temperament by which a person 
differs from other persons. 2. A peculiarity of 
constitution that makes an individual react differ- 
ently from most persons to drugs or other influences. 

idiosyncratic _ (id-e-o-sin-krat'-ik). Pertaining to 
idiosyncrasy, i. coryza, a synonym of hay-fever. 

idiot (id'-e-ot) [ISi&ttjs, a private person]. A per- 
son congenitally almost destitute of intelligence. 

idiotcy, idiotism, idiotry (id'-e-ot-se, id' -e-ot-izm, 
id' -e-ot-ry) . Same as idiocy, q. v. 

idiotia (id-e-o' -she-ah). A state of idiocy; idiotism. 

idiotopy (id-e-ot'-op-e) [idio-; tokos, place]. Topo- 
graphic description pertaining to the relation of 
different parts of the same organ. 

idolum (id-o'-lum) [eiSwXoe, an image]. An 
illusion or halucination. 

idorgan (id-or'-gan) [ISios, own; opyavov, an 
organ]. Haeckel's ;name for a morphological unit 
made up of two or more plastids and not possessing 
the positive characteristics of the stock. 

idromania (id-ro-ma'-ne-ah) [vSup, water; p.avla, 
mania]. Hydromania; insane desire for water, or 
to commit suicide by drowning. 

idrosis (id-ro'-sis). See hidrosis. % 

igasurine {ig-as-u'-ren) [Malay, igasur; ignatia]. 
An alkaloid from ignatia, said to be more poisonous 
than brucine. Its existence as a definite compound 
has been denied. 

igazol (ig'-az-ol). A proprietary gaseous antiseptic 
said to contain iodoform and formaldehyde. It is 
used in tuberculosis. 

ignatia (ig-na'-she-ah). St. Ignatius' bean. The 
seed of Strychnos ignatii, containing the alkaloids 
strychnine and brucine. Its therapeutic effects are 
similar to those of nux vomica. Dose of the abstract 
|-i gr. (0.032-0.065 Gm.) ; of the tincture 2-10 min. 
(0.13-0.65 Cc). 

igniextirpation {ig-ne-eks-ter-pa'-shun) [ignis; ex- 
tirpare, to root out]. Hysterectomy by cauterization. 

ignipedites (ig-ne-ped-i'-tez) [ignis; pes, foot]. 
Hot-foot; a disorder marked by an intense burning 
sensation in the soles of the feet. 



IGNIPUNCTURE 



455 



ILLINITION 



ignipuncture (ig'-ne-punk-tur) [ignis; punctura, 
puncture]. Puncture with platinum needles heated 
to whiteness by the electric current. 

ignis (ig'-nis) [L.]. Fire. i. .sacer, erysipelas. 
i. sancti Antonii, Saint Anthony's fire, an old name 
for erysipelas and for anthrax. 

ignition (ig-nish'-un) [ignis, fire]. The process of 
heating solids, especially inorganic compounds, until 
all volatile matter has been driven off. 

ikota (ik-o'-tah). A religious mania occurring 
among women in Siberia. 

I. K. therapy [German immunkorper, immune 
bodies]. Spengler's method of treating tuberculosis. 

ileac (il'-e-ak) [ileum]. Pertaining to ileus, i. 
passion, a disorder marked by severe griping pain, 
fecal vomiting, with spasm of the abdominal muscles. 
Syn., ileus. 

ileadelphus (il-e-ad-el'-fus). See iliadelphus. 

ileectomy (il-e-ek'-to-me) [ileum; eKTo/ir], a cutting 
out]. Excision of the ileum. 

ileitic (il-e-it'-ik). Pertaining to or affected with 
ileitis. 

ileitis (il-e-i'-tis) [ileum; ins, inflammation]. In- 
flammation of the ileum. 

ileo- (il-e-o-). A prefix signifying relation to the 
ileum. 

ileocecal (il-e-o-se'-kal) [ileo-; cecum]. Pertaining 
to both ileum and cecum, i. fossa, a depression in 
the lower part of the small intestine at the base of 
the vermiform process, i. valve, a valve, consisting 
of two folds of mucosa, that guards the passage 
between the ileum and cecum. 

ileocecum (il-e-o-se'-kum). The ileum and cecum 
regarded as one. 

ileocleisis (il-e-o-kli'-sis) [ileo-; Kkkuiv, to lock]. 
Obstruction or closure of the ileum. 

ileocolic (il-e-o-kol'-ik) [ileo- ; colon]. Pertaining 
conjointly to the ileum and the colon. 

ileocolitis (il-e-o-ko-li'-tis) [ileo-; colon; iris, in- 
flammation]. Inflammation of the ileum and the 
colon. 

ileocolonic (il-e-o-kol-on'-ik). See ileocolic. 

ileocolostomy (il-e-o-ko-los'-to-me) [ileo-; colon; 
vrofia, mouth]. The establishment of an artificial 
communication between the ileum and the colon. 

ileocolotomy (il-e-o-ko-lot'-o-me) [ileo-; colon; 
Tkuveiv, to cut]. A surgical operation on the ileum 
and colon. 

ileodicliditis (il-e-o-dik-lid-i'-tis) [ileo-; SWKis, 
valve; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the 
ileocecal valve. 

ileoileostomy (il-e-o-il-e-os'-to-me) [ileo-; arbna, 
mouth]. The operation of establishing an artificial 
communication between two different parts of the 
ileum. 

ileology (il-e-ol'-o-je) [el\eiv, to roll; Xoyos, science]. 
The anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the ileum. 

ileoparietal (il-e-o-par-i'-et-al). Relating to the 
walls of the ileum. 

ileopisolitis (il-e-o-pis-o-li'-tis) [ileo-; pisum, a pea; 
tns, inflammation]. Inflammation of Peyer's 
patches or glands. 

ileoproctostomy (il-e-o-prok-tos' -to-me) [ileo-; irpun- 
t6s, rectum; aro/ia, mouth]. The surgical formation 
of a fistula between the ileum and rectum. 

ileorectostomy (il-e-o-rek-los' -to-me). See ileo- 
proctostomy. 

ileosigmoidostomy (il-e-o-sig-moid-os' -to-me). The 
surgical formation of a fistula between the ileum and 
sigmoid flexure. 

ileostomy (il-e-os' -to-me) [ileo-; orby-a., mouth]. 
The surgical formation of a passage through the ab- 
dominal wall into the ileum, or from the ileum to some 
other hollow organ. 

ileotomy (il-e-ot'-o-me) [ileo-; rkfiveiv, to cut]. 
Incision of the ileum through the abdominal wall. ■ 

ileotyphus (il-e-o-ti'-fus) [ileo-; typhus]. Enteric 
or typhoid fever. 

ileum (il'-e-um) [etXeiv, to roll]. The lower por- 
tion of the small intestine, terminating in the cecum. 

ileus (il'-e-us) [IXibs, a severe kind of colic]. Ileac 
passion; intestinal obstruction. 

ilia (il'-e-ah) [L.: pi. of ilium]. The iliac bones; 
the flanks or loins. 

iliac (il'-e-ak) [ileum]. Pertaining to the ilium or 
to the flanks, i. artery. See under artery, i. crest, 
the upper free margin of the ilium to which the 
abdominal muscles are attached, i. fascia, the 
fascia lining the posterior part of the abdominal cavity 
and covering the psoas and iliacus muscles, i. fossa. 



See fossa, iliac, i. muscle. See iliacus under 
muscle, i. passion. See ileac passion, i. region, 
the region external to the hypogastric region. See 
abdomen. 

iliaco- (il-i'-ak-o-) [ilia, the loins]. A prefix 
signifying relation to the loins, i.-femoral, relating 
to the ilium and the femur, i.-trochanteric, relating 
to the ilium and the great trochanter of the femur. 

iliacus (il-i'-ak-us). See muscles, table of. 

iliadelphus (il-e-ad-el'-fus) [ilia; &8e\<f>6s, brother]. 
A monstrosity double from the pelvis upward. 

ilial (il'-e-al). See iliac. 

ilicin (il'-is-in) [ilex, the holm-oak]. A crystalline 
febrifugal principle from the leaves of Ilex aqui- 
folium. 

ilien (il'-e-en) [ilia, the loins]. Belonging to the 
ilium in itself. 

ilio- (il-e-o-). A prefix denoting relation to the 
ilium. 

iliocolotomy (il-e-o-ko-lot'-o-me) [ilio-; colon; to^, 
a cutting]. Incision of the colon in the iliac region. 

iliocostal (il-e-o-kos'-tal) [ilio-; costa, rib]. Per- 
taining to the ilium and ribs. See muscles, table of. 

iliocostalis (il-e-o-kos-ta'-lis). Iliocostal. See 
muscles, table of. 

iliodorsal (il-e-o-dor'-sal) [ilio-; dorsum, the back]. 
Relating to the dorsal surface of the ilium. 

iliofemoral (il-e-o-fem'-or-al) [ilio-; femur]. Per- 
taining conjointly to the ilium and the femur, i. 
ligament. See ligament, ileofemoral. 

iliohypogastric (il-e-o-hi-po-gas'-trik) [ilio-; hypo- 
gastric]. Pertaining conjointly to the ilium and the 
hypogastrium. i. nerve. See nerves, table of. 

ilioinguinal (il-e-o-in'-gwin'-al) [ilio-; inguen, groin], 
i. Pertaining to the ilium and the groin. 2. Lying 
partly within the iliac and partly within the inguinal 
region. 

iliolumbar (il-e-o-lum' -bar) . Pertaining to the 
iliac and lumbar regions. 

iliolumbocostoabdominal (il-e-o-lum-bo-kos-to-ab- 
dom'-in-al). Pertaining to the iliac, lumbar, costal, 
and abdominal regions. 

iliopectineal (il-e-o-pek-tin-e'-al) [ilio-; pecten, 
comb]. Pertaining conjointly to the ilium and the 
pubes. i. line. See line, iliopectineal. 

iliopelvic (il-e-o-pel'-vik). Pertaining to the iliac 
region and the pelvis. 

ilioperoneal (il-e-o-per-o-ne'-al). Relating to the 
ilium and the peroneal region. 

iliopsoas (il-e-o-so'-as) [ilio-; \j/6a, loin]. Pertaining 
conjointly to the ilium and the loins, i. muscle, the 
psoas and iliacus muscles considered as a single muscle. 

iliosacral (il-e-o-sa'-kral). Relating to the ilium 
and the sacrum. 

iliosciatic (il-e-o-si-at'-ik). Relating to the ilium 
and the ischium, i. notch, the sacrosciatic notch. 

ilioscrotal (il-e-o-skro'-tal). Relating to the ilium 
and the scrotum. 

iliospinal (il-e-o-spi'-nal). Pertaining to the ilium 
and the spinal column. 

iliotibial (il-e-o-tib'-e-al) [ilio-; tibia]. Pertaining 
to or connecting the ilium and the tibia, i. band, 
a thickened portion of the fascia lata extending from 
the outer tuberosity of the tibia to the iliac crest. 

iliotrochanteric (il-e-o-tro-kan-ter'-ik). Pertaining 
to the ilium and the great trochanter of the femur. 

ilium (il'-e-um) [L.]. 1. The flank. 2. The 
superior broad portion of the os innominatum, prop- 
erly the os ilii. 

ill (il). Sick; diseased; unwell. 

illacrimation (il-lak-rim-a' -shun) [lacrima, a tear]. 
Same as epiphora. 

illaqueation (il-ak-we-a'-shun) [illaqueare, to in- 
snare]. A method of changing the direction of mis- 
placed cilia by withdrawing them by means of a 
loop through an opening in the tissue of the lid. 

illegitimacy (il-e-jit' -im-a-se) [in, not; legitimus, 
according to law]. The condition of being unlawful, 
or not legitimate. 

illegitimate (il-e-jit' -im-at) [in, not; legitimus, 
according to law]. Not in accordance with statutory 
law. i. child, one^born out of lawful wedlock; a. 
bastard. 

illicium (il-is'-e-um) [illicere, to entice]. Star- 
anise. The fruit of Illicium verum or Illicium ani- 
satum, of the natural order Magnoliacea. It is the 
source of star-anise. /. religiosum and /. parviflorum 
are poisonous. 

illinition (il-in-ish'-un) [illinere, to smear]. In- 
unction. 



ILLNESS 



456 



IMMUNITY 



illness (il'-nes). Sickness; disease; an attack of 
disease. 

illumination (il-u-min-a'-shun) [illuminare, to 
make light], i. The act of illuminating or lighting 
up. 2. The quantity of light thrown on an object. 
i., axial, illumination by light conveyed in the direc- 
tion of the axis of the microscope, i., central, in 
microscopy, an illumination producted by the rays 
of light reflected from the mirror passing perpendi- 
cularly through the object on the stage, i., critical, 
in microscopy, an illumination in which the lamp- 
flame is focused on the object, i., direct, illumination 
of an object by light thrown upon it from in front. 
i., focal, that in which the light is concentrated on 
an object by means of a lens or mirror, i., lateral. 
See i., oblique, i., oblique, illumination of an object 
by throwing light upon it obliquely, usually by means 
of a lens. 

illuminator, Abbe's. See Abbe's condenser. 

illusion (il-u'-zhun) [illusio, a mocking]. A false 
interpretation by the mind of a real sensation. 

illusional (il-u'-zhun-al). Of the nature of an 
illusion. 

illutation (il-lu-ta'-shuri) [in, in; lutum, mud]. 
Treatment of disease by the mud-bath. 

im-. A prefix used in chemistry to indicate the 
bivalent group NH. 

ima (i'mah) [im-us, -a, -um, lowest, deepest]. The 
lowest, as thyroidea ima, the lowest thyroid artery. 

image (im'-aj) [imago, a likeness], i. A more or 
less accurate representation of an object. 2. The 
picture of an object formed by rays of light reflected, 
refracted, or passed through a small aperture, i.s, 
after-. See after-images, i., direct, i., erect, a 
picture obtained from rays that have not yet come 
to a focus. L, false. See under false, i., inverted, 
one turned upside down. Nearly all real images are 
inverted, i., real, that formed at the place where 
the rays meet, i., virtual, an apparent image formed 
in the direction in which the rays enter the eye, the 
rays not actually converging at the point where the 
image is seen. The images formed by plane or con- 
vex mirrors and by concave lenses, when the object 
is placed within the principal focus, are virtual. 

imagination (im-aj-in-a'-shun) [imaginatio, imag- 
ination]. The picture-making power of the mind. 
The faculty by which one creates ideas or mental 
pictures by means of the data derived from experience, 
ideally revivified, extended, and combined in new 
forms. 

imago ^ (im-a'-go) [L.; gen., imaginis]. 1. An 
image. 2. The final, adult, or reproductive stage 
of an insect. 

imapunga (im-ap-ung'-gah) [South African]. A 
disease^occurring to a limited extent among South 
African cattle closely related in pathology to South 
African horse-sickness 

imbalance (im-baV -ans) [in, not; bilanx, a 
balance]. Lack of balance; lack of the power of 
keeping the erect position; lack of muscular balance 
(as between the muscle of the eyes). 

imbecile (im'-bes-il) [imbecillis, weak]. Feeble in 
mind. 

imbecility (im-bes-il'-it-e). Mental weakness or 
defect, similar to that of idiocy, but of less degree, 
i., acquired. Synonym of dementia proecox. 

imbed (im-bed'). In histology, to treat a tissue 
with some substance, as paraffin or celloidin, which 
shall give it support during the process of section- 
cutting. 

imbedding (im-bed' -ing) [imbed]. The fixation of 
a tissue-specimen in a firm medium, in order to keep 
it intact during the cutting of thin sections. 

imbibe (im-blb') [imbibere, to drink in]. To drink 
or suck in. 

imbibition (im-bi-bish'-un) [in, in; bibere, to drink]. 
The act of sucking up moisture; the absorption of 
fluids. 

imbricated (im'-brik-a-ted) [imbrex, a tile]. Over- 
lapping, like shingles or tiles on a roof. 

imide, imid (im'-id). Any compound of the 
radical NH united to a divalent acid radical. 

imidiode (im-id'-e-od). Glossy crystals obtained 
by interaction of paraethoxyphenyl succinimide, 
iodine, and potassium iodide in the presence of 
acetic acid; it is used as a wound antiseptic. 

imido (im'-id-o). A prefix denoting an imide. 

imidoxanthin (im-id-o-zan'-ihiri). See guanine. 

imitation (im-it-a'-shun) [imitari, to imitate]. A 
production that is similar, to, or a copy of, another 



object or process. L, morbid, the occurrence of a 
convulsive or mental affection brought about by 
observing a similar affection in another; mental 
contagion. 

Imlach's fat-plug (im'-lak) [Francis Imlach, 
Scotch physician]. A mass of yellowish fat frequently 
found at the mesial angle of the external inguinal 
ring, for which it constitutes a landmark during 
operations. 

immaculate (im-ak'-u-ldt) [in, not; macula, a spot]. 
Pure; spotless. 

immature (im-at-ur') [in, not; maturus, ripe]. 
Unripe; not yet of an adult age or growth. 

immediate (im-e'-de-at) [in, not; mediatus, medi- 
ate]. Direct; without the intervention of anything. 
i. agglutination. See i. union, i. auscultation, 
auscultation performed with the ear against the 
surface, i. contagion, that from personal contact. 
i. union, union by first intention. 

immedicable (im-med'-ik-ab-l) [in, not; medicare, 
to cure]. That which does not yield to medicine or 
treatment. Incurable. 

immersion (im-er'-shun) [in, in; merger e, to dip]. 
The plunging of a body into a liquid, i.-bath, a 
plunge-bath, i., homogeneous, a fluid between the 
objective of a microscope and the cover-glass, 
having about the same refractive and dispersive 
power as the glass, i.-lens, a lens, usually of high 
power, the lower end of which is immersed in a drop 
of some liquid, such as water or oil, that has nearly 
the same refractive index as glass, and is placed on 
the cover-glass of the object under examination. 

imminence (im'-in-ens) [imminere, to overhang]. 
An impending or menacing, i., morbid, the period 
immediately preceding the incubation stage of a 
disease. 

immiscible (im-is'-ib-l) [in, not; miscere, to mix]. 
Not capable of being mixed. 

immissio (im-ish'-e-o) [L.]. Insertion, i. cathe- 
teris. See catheterism. i. penis, introduction of the 
penis into the vagina. 

immobilization (im-o-bil-iz-a' -shun) [in, not; mov- 
ere, to move]. The act of making firm or of rendering 
motionless, as immobilization of a joint. 

immune (im-un r ) [in, not; munis, serving]. 1. Safe 
from attack; protected against a disease by a natural 
or an acquired peculiarity. 2. A person who is 
protected against any special virus, i. animal, an 
animal in a control experiment rendered immune 
by inoculation with some antispecific agent, i. body. 
See body, immune, i. proteids, substances resulting 
from combination in the living body of the enzymes 
of pathogenic bacteria with certain albuminous bodies, 
probably those derived from the leukocytes, i. sys- 
tem, the combination of antigen, amboceptor and 
complement. 

immunity (im-u'-nit-e) [see immune]. Exemption 
from disease; the condition of the body wherein it 
resists the development of morbid processes; resis- 
tance to infection. See Behring's law. i., acquired. 
See i., active, i., active, that possessed by an indivi- 
dual after recovering from certain infectious diseases; 
or that induced by direct treatment with filtered or un- 
filtered cultures resulting in the production in the body 
of anti-bacterial or antitoxic substances, i., antitoxic, 
immunity against toxins. L, congenital, i., natural, 
that with which the individual is born. L, passive, 
that conferred by the introduction of antitoxins or 
vaccines. L, theory of, Buchner's humoral, this 
supposes that a reactive change has been brought 
about in the integral cells of the body by the primary 
affection from which there has been recovery, and 
this change is protective against similar invasions of 
the same organism, i., theory of, Chauveau's re- 
tention, proposed that bacteria, [instead of removing 
certain essential food-principles from the body, left 
within the body certain excretory products, and that 
the accumulation of these products tended to prevent 
the subsequent invasion of the same species of 
bacteria. 1., theory of, Ehrlich's side-chain, con- 
siders the individual cells of the body analogous in a 
certain sense to complex organic substances, and 
that they consist essentially of a central nucleus to 
which secondary atom-groups having distinct 
physiological functions are attached by side-chains 
such as chemists represent in their attempts to illus- 
trate the reactions which occur in the building up or 
pulling down of complex organic substances. The 
cell-equilibrium is supposed to be disturbed by 
injury to any of the physiological atom-groups, as 



IMMUNIZATION 



457 



IMPRESSION 



by a toxin, and this disturbance results in an effort 
at compensatory repair during which plastic material 
in excess of the amount required is generated and 
finds its way into the blood. This Ehrlich regards 
as the antitoxin which is capable of neutralizing the 
particular toxin to which it owes its origin, if this is 
subsequently introduced into the blood. In this 
theory a specific combining relation is assumed to 
exist between various toxic substances and the 
secondary atom-groups of certain cellular elements 
of the body. The atom-groups which, in accordance 
with this theory, combine with the toxin of any 
particular disease-germ Ehrlich calls the toxiphoric 
side-chain, i., theory of, Emmerich and Low's, 
based upon the conclusion that many bacteria 
generate enzymes capable of digesting the organism 
by which they were generated and sometimes other 
organisms as well, i., theory of, exhaustion hypothe- 
sis, Pasteur's theory that immunity often afforded 
to the tissues by an attack of infection or following 
vaccination against infection is due to an abstraction 
from the tissues by the organism concerned in the 
primary attack of something necessary to the growth 
of the infecting organism. It is opposed to the 
retention theory of Chauveau. i., theory of, lateral 
bond. See i., theory of, Ehrlich's side-chain, i., 
theory of, MetchnikofFs phagocytic. See under 
Metchnikoff. 

► immunization (im-u-niz-a'-shun) [see immune]. 
The act of rendering immune, i., Haffkine's method 
of (against cholera), consists in the injection of a 
definite quantity of sterilized culture; 5 days later a 
small dose, and in 5 days more a larger dose, of 
the living virulent culture. 

immunizator (im-u-niz-a' -tor) . That which renders 
immune. 

immunize (im'-u-niz). To give immunity. 

immunizing unit. See unit, serum-. 

immunochemistry (im-u-no-kem'-is-tre). That 
branch of chemistry which treats of immunity and 
the reactions connected therewith. 

immunologist (im-u-noV -o-jist) . One versed in the 
science of immunity. 

immunology (im-u-nol'-o-je). That branch of 
science which is concerned with the study of im- 
munity. 

immunoprotein (im-u-no-pro' -te-in) . A protein 
with bacteriolytic power, formed when attenuated 
bacterial cultures are injected into animals. 

immunotoxin (im-u-no-toks'-in). Any antitoxin. 

impact (im'-pdkt) [impingere, to drive into or 
against]. A forcible striking against. 

impacted (im-pak'-ted).^ Driven against and re- 
tained, as a wedge, i. fracture. See fracture, 
impacted. 

impaction (im-pak'-shun) [see impact]. 1. Con- 
cussion. 2. The state of being impacted or fixed in a 
part, as impaction of the feces or impaction of a 
fragment of bone into another fragment. 

impalpable (im-pal '-pa-bT) [in, not; palpare, to 
feel]. Not capable of being felt; unappreciable by 
touch, i. powder, a powder so fine that its separate 
particles cannot be felt. 

impaludism (im-pal' -u-dizm) [in, in; palus, a 
marsh]. Chronic malarial poisoning. 

impar (im'-par) [in, not; par, equal]. Odd or 
unequal, or without a fellow, i., ganglion, a small 
ganglion on the coccyx. 

imperative (im-per-'at-iv) [imperare, to command]. 
Peremptory; absolute; compulsory; binding, i. 
conception, a conception or thought that dominates 
the actions of an individual, although the falsity of 
the conception may be recognized. 

Imperatoria (im-per-at-o'-re-ah) [imperatorius, be- 
longing to a commander]. A genus of umbelliferous 
plants; masterworts. I. ostruthium, false pellitory 
of Spain, is an aromatic stimulant, once prized as a 
polychrest remedy, but now little used. 

imperfection (im-per-fek'-shun) [imperfectus, im- 
perfect]. A physical defect. 

imperforate (im-per'-for-at) [in, not; perforare, to 
pierce]. Without opening; not open or pervious, as 
imperforate anus. 

imperf oration (im-per-for-a'-shun) [in, not; per- 
forare, to bore through]. Occlusion; applied espe- 
cially to the anus, hymen, vagina, etc. 

imperial (im-pe'-re-aV) [imperialis, pertaining to an 
empire]. Sovereign^ commanding, i.-blue. Same 
as spirit-blue. i. drink or draft, potus imperialis, 
a solution of a half-ounce of potassium bitartrate 



in three pints of hot water, to which are added four 
ounces of sugar and half an ounce of fresh lemon- 
peel. It is a good ' diuretic and refrigerant drink. 
i. granum, a farinaceous food for infants. Its com- 
position is: Water 5.49, fat 1.01, a trace each of grape- 
sugar and cane-sugar, starch 78.93, soluble carbo- 
hydrates 3-56, albuminoids 10.51, gum, cellulose, 
etc., 0.50, ash 1.16. i.-green. Same as Schweinfurth- 
green. i.-violet. Same as rosanilin-violet. i. weights 
and measures, those adopted in Great Britain; the 
old weights and measures in opposition to the 
metric system. See Weights and Measures. 

impermeable (im-per' -me-a-bl) [in, not; per, 
through; meare, to go]. Not permitting passage: 
not capable of being traversed. 

impervious (im-per' -ve-us) [in, not; pervius, 
capable of passage]. Not permitting passage, especi- 
ally passage of fluids. 

impetiginoid (im-pet-ij'-in-oid). Same as impeti- 
ginous. 

impetiginous (im-pet-ij'-in-us) [impetigo]. Affected 
with or resembling impetigo. 

impetigo (im-pet-i'-go) [impetere, to attack]. An 
acute inflammatory disease of the skin characterized 
by discrete, rounded pustules, unattended, as a rule, 
by itching or other subjective symptoms, i. adenosa, 
an acute contagious, febrile, cutaneous disease charac- 
terized by glistening pustules containing a yellow 
fluid and surrounded by a bright yellow zone. It is 
attended by pain in the joints, protracted vomiting, 
chills, and enlarged lymph-glands, i. contagiosa, 
an acute inflammatory contagious disease, charac- 
terized by the appearance of vesicles or blebs that 
dry into flat, straw-colored crusts, i. herpetiformis, 
a rare disease of the skin, characterized by the 
formation of superficial miliary pustules that may 
be discrete, but tend to form circular groups. It is 
most common in pregnant women, i. syphilitica, a 
syphilitic eruption having the characters of small 
flat pustules, i. variolosa, that occurring among the 
pustules of smallpox when they are drying up. 

impetus (im'-pe-tus) [L.]. 1. Force or momen- 
tum. 2. The onset or attack of a disease, or of a 
paroxysm. 

implacental (im-pla-sen'-tal) [in, not; placenta]. 
Without a placenta. 

implantation (im-plan-ta'-shun) [in, in; plantar e t 
to set]. The act of setting in, as the transplantation 
of a tooth from the jaw of one person to that of 
another; the ingrafting of epidermis from the skin 
of one person upon the body of another; the repair 
of a wounded intestine by uniting the divided ends. 
i., hypodermic, the introduction of a medicine under 
the skin. L, parenchymatous, the introduction of 
remedial agents into a neoplasm. L, teratologic, a 
monstrosity consisting of an imperfect, joined to a 
perfect, fetus. 

imponderable (im-pon'-der-a-bV) [in, not; pondus, 
weight]. Incapable of being weighed; without 
weight, i., fluids, an ancient term, formerly applied 
to light, heat, and electricity. 

importation (im-por-ta'-shun) [in, in; portare, to 
carry]. Transference from another locality or 
foreign country, i. of disease, the carrying of the 
contagion of disease. 

impotence (im'-po-tens) [in, not; potens, powerful]. 
Lack of power, especially lack of sexual power in the 
man. 

impotency (im'-po-ten-se). See impotence. 

impregnate (im-preg'-nat) [impregnare, to make 
pregnant]. 1. To render pregnant. 2. To saturate 
or charge with. 

impregnation (im-preg-na'-shun) [see impregnate]. 
1. The act of rendering pregnant; fecundation. 2. 
The process of saturating with or charging with. 

impressio (im-presh'-e-d) [L.]. An impression, 
i. cardiaca, a shallow depression on the upper surface 
of the liver for the heart, i. colica, an impression on 
the under surface of the right lobe of the liver for the 
hepatic flexure of the colon, i. duodenalis, an im- 
pression on the liver made by the duodenum, i. 
gastrica, an impression made on the liver by the 
stomach, i. pylorica, an impression made on the 
liver by the pyloric end of the stomach, i. renalis, 
an impression on the under surface of the liver for 
the right kidney and suprarenal capsule, i. supra- 
renalis, a depressed area on the liver made by the 
suprarenal gland. 

impression (im-presh'-un) [imprimere, to press 
upon]. 1. A hollow or depression. 2. The effect 



IMPRESSIONABLE 



458 



INCISURA 



produced upon the mind, the body, or a disease by 
external influence, i.s, digital, small roundish pits 
on the inner surface of the bones of the skull. Syn., 
impressiones digitatce. i.s, maternal, the effects sup- 
posed to be produced upon the fetus in the uterus by 
mental impressions received by the mother during 
pregnancy, i.-preparation, a cover-glass upon which 
an entire bacterial colony has been fixed by pressing 
the glass lightly upon the colony. Syn., Klatschpra- 
parat. 

impressionable (im-presh'-un-a-bl). Readily sus- 
ceptible to impressions, i. heart, the condition of 
the heart in which it is very liable to functional 
disturbance. 

impressorium (im-pres-o'-re-um) [L.]; The seat of 
impressions; sensorium. 

improcreance (im-pro'-kre-ans) [in, not; procreare, 
to beget]. The natural or acquired condition of being 
unable to procreate, e. g., after the menopause; re- 
moval of the ovaries; lack of spermatozoa. 

improcreant (im-pro'-kre-ant). Incapable of pro- 
creating. 

impuberal (im-pu'-ber-al) [in, not; pubes, pubes]. 
Destitute of hair on the pubes. Not of adult age. 

impulse (im'-puls) [impeller e, to drive against]. 

1. A push or communicated force. 2. A sudden 
mental feeling that urges onward to an action. 
i., cardiac, the beat of the heart felt in the fifth inter- 
costal space to the left of the sternum. L, morbid, 
a sudden, almost uncontrollable desire to do an un- 
lawful act- 
impulsion (im-pul'-shun) [impellere, to impel]. 

The act of driving or urging onward, either mentally 
or physically. 

impunctate (im-punk'-tat) [in, not; punctate]. 
Not pricked with dots; not punctate. 

impurity (im-pu'-rit-e) [in, not; purus, pure or 
clean]. 1. Want of purity or cleanliness. 2. Adult- 
eration in chemistry, the condition of containing some 
substance other than that desired. In medicine, a 
want of clearness in the sounds of the heart, but not 
sufficient to cause a murmur. 3. The substance 
which causes uncleanness or adulteration by its 
presence, i., respiratory, the excess of carbon 
dioxide in the air of a room over that in the outside 
air. 

imputability (im-pu-tab-il'-it-e). In legal medicine, 
that degree of mental soundness that makes one 
responsible for his own acts. 

In. Chemical symbol of indium. 

in- [L.]. 1. A prefix signifying in or within. 

2. A prefix signifying negation. 3. A prefix signify- 
ing intensive action. 4. [Is, fiber], a prefix denoting 
fibrin or fibrous tissue. 

-in. A termination of no precise significance, 
mostly applied to bodies the structure of which is 
not yet known. In materia medica the names of 
glucosides and neutral principles terminate in -in, and 
are thus distinguished from alkaloids which have the 
termination -ine. 

inacidity (in-as-id'-it-e) [in-; acidity]. Want of 
acidity; applied to deficiency of hydrochloric acid in 
the gastric juice. 

inaction (in-ak'-shun). Diminution or lack of 
response to a stimulus. 

inactivate (in-ak'-tiv-at). To render inactive; 
usually applied to a hemolytic or immune serum the 
complement of which has been destroyed by heat. 

inactivation (in-ak-tiv-a'-shun). The destruction 
of the activity of a body fluid, such as serum. 

inactose (in-ak'-tos). An optically inactive 
vegetable sugar. 

inadequacy (in-ad'-e-kwa-se) [in-; adcequare, to 
make equal]. Insufficiency. 1., renal, that state of 
the kidney in which it is unable to remove from the 
blood a sufficient proportion of the effete matters 
that are normally excreted by it. 

inalimental (in-al-im-en'-tal) [in- ; alimentum, food]. 
Not nourishing; not suitable for food. 

inanagenesis (in-an-aj-en'-es-is) [is, fiber; &v&, 
again; ykvtcns, production]. The renewal or regen- 
eration of muscular fiber. 

inanaphysis (in-an-af'-is-si) [is, fiber; &va, again; 
4>i)<ns, growth]. Same as inanagenesis. 

inangulate (in-ang'-u-lat). Having no angles. 

inanimate (in-an'-im-at) [in-; animus, life]. Not 
animate; dead; without life. 

inanition (in-an-ish'-un) [inanire, to make empty]. 
Emptiness; want of food; wasting of the body from 
starvation. 



inappetence (in-ap'-et-ens) [in- ; appetere, to desire]. 
Loss of appetite. 

inarticulate (in-ar-tik'-u-lat) [in-; articulus, a 
joint]. 1. Not jointed or articulated. 2. Vocal 
sounds not capable of arrangement into syllables, or 
of being understood. 

in articulo mortis (in ar-tik'-u-lo mor'-tis). [L]. At 
the point of death. 

inassimilable (in-as-im'-il-a-bl) [in-; ad, to; simi- 
lar e, to make like]. Incapable of assimilation. 

inaxon, inaxone (in-aks'-on) [Is, fiber; &£a>v, axis]. 
A neuron with a long axon; its axis-cylinder processes 
for the most part are inclosed within a sheath. 

inca bone. The interparietal bone. Syn., in- 
carial bone, q. v. 

incallosal (in-cal-o'-sal) [in, priv.; callosum]. 
Without a callosum. 

incanate, incanous (in'-kan-at, in'-kan-us) [in- 
canus, hoary]. Hoary white. 

incandescent (in-kan-des'-ent) [incandescere, to 
become white-hot]. Glowing; emitting luminous 
heat-rays; heated to the degree of emitting light. 
i. light, one in which light is produced by the passage 
of an electric current through a strip of carbon or 
platinum suspended in a vacuum. 

incapsuled (in-kap'-suld) [in-, in; capsula, a small 
box]. Inclosed in a capsule; capsulated. 

incarcerated (in-kar'-ser-a-ted) [incarcerare, to 
imprison]. Imprisoned; held fast, as incarcerated 
hernia. 

incarceration (in-kar-ser-a'-shun) . The imprison- 
ment of a part, as of the placenta. 

incarial bone (in-ka'-re-al) [Peruvian, inca, a 
prince]. The interparietal bone; usually in adult 
man a part of the occipital bone. It is called incarial, 
because, in the skeletons of ancient Peru, the land of 
the Incas, it is often persistent as a distinct bone. 

incarnant (in-karn'-ant) [incarnare, to make flesh]. 

1. Flesh-forming; promoting granulation. 2. A rem- 
edy or agent which produces flesh or promotes granu- 
lation. 

incarnatio (in-kar-na'-sjte-o) [L.]. Conversion into 
flesh, i. unguis, the ingrowing of a nail. See 
onychogryphosis. 

incarnation (in-kar-na'-shuri). 1. Becoming flesh. 

2. Granulation. 

incarnification (in-kar-nif-ik-a'-shun). Same as 
incarnation. 

inceal (in'-se-al). See incudal. 

incest (in'-sest) [incestus, not chaste]. Sexual 
intercourse between persons of near relationship. 

inch. The twelfth part of a foot; it equals 25.39954 
millimeters. 

incidence (in'-sid-ens) [incidere, to fall upon]. 
A falling upon. The direction in which one body 
strikes another, i., angle of, in optics, the angle at 
which a ray of light strikes a reflecting or refracting 
surface, i., line of, the path of a ray or a projectile. 
i., point of, the point upon which a ray or projectile 
strikes a reflecting or refracting surface. 

incident (in'-sid-ent) [see incidence]. 1. Falling 
upom 2. Same as afferent. 

incineration (in-sin-er-a'-shun) [in, in; cineres, 
ashes]. The process of heating organic substances 
until all organic matter is driven off and only the 
ash remains; cremation. 

incipient (in-sip'-e-ent) [incipiens, beginning]. 
Beginning to exist. 

incisal (in-si'-zal) [incisio, a cutting]. Applied to 
the cutting-edge of incisors. 

incised (in-sizd'). Cut or notched, i. wound, 
a cleanly cut wound, one made by a sharp-edged 
instrument. 

incision (in-sizh'-uri) [incisio, a cutting]. 1. The 
act of cutting into anything. 2. A wound made with 
a cutting instrument, i., confirmatory, i., diagnostic, 
i., exploratory, section for diagnostic purposes. 
L, crucial, a cross-shaped incision, consisting of two 
incisions crossing each other at right angles. 

incisive (in-si'-siv) [see incision]. 1. Cutting. 
2. Pertaining to the incisor teeth, i. bone, that part 
of the superior maxilla between the two clefts in 
double harelip. Syn., intermaxillary bone. 

incisor (in-si'-zor) [see incision]. 1. Anything that 
cuts, especially an incisor tooth. See under tooth. 
2. That which supplies the incisor teeth, as the 
incisor nerve. 

incisura (in-si-su'-rah) [see incision], A notch; an 
incision, i., acetabuli, the cotyloid notch, i. cardi- 
aca, a notch in the anterior border of the left lung. 



INCISURE 



459 



INDEX 



i. cerebelli, the sulcus dividing the cerebellar hemi- 
spheres, i. cerebelli anterior, the notch separating 
the hemispheres of the cerebellum in front, i. 
cerebelli posterior, the notch separating the hemi- 
spheres of the cerebellum behind, i. intertragica, 
the notch between the tragus and antitragus. i. 
Rivini, notch at the upper border of the inner end of 
the external auditory meatus, i. Santorini, either 
one of the two notches in the cartilaginous portion 
of the external auditory meatus, i. temporalis, the 
ectorhinal sulcus, a notch half-way between the 
temporal pole and the uncus, i. tentorii, a deep 
notch in the tentorium cerebelli for the mid- 
brain. 

incisure (in-si'-zhur) [see incision]. A slit or notch. 
i.s of Lantermann, i.s of Schmidt, oblique lines 
running across the white substance of the internodal 
segments of medullated nerve-fibers. 

inclination (in-klin-a'-shuri) [indinare, to incline]. 
i. A propensity; a leading. 2. The deviation of the 
long axis of a tooth from the vertical, i. of uterus, 
obliquity of the uterux. 

inclinometer (in-klin-om'-et-er) [indinare; iikrpov, 
a measure]. A device for determining the diameter 
of the eye from the horizontal and vertical lines. 

inclusio fcetalis (in-kloo'-ze-o fe-ta'-lis). See in- 
dusion, fetal. 

inclusion (in-kloo'-zhun) [indusio, a shutting up]. 
1. The state of being shut in. 2. The act of shutting 
in. 3. That which is shut in. i. body, the granular 
substance of a red blood-corpuscle, said to be the 
remnant of a nucleus, i., fetal, a monstrosity in 
which one fetus is included in and overgrown by the 
tissues of the other fetus. 

incoagulable {in-ko-ag'-u-la-bl) [in, not; coagulare, 
to curdle]. That which will not curdle or coagulate. 

incoercible (in-ko-er'-sib-l). Uncontrollable, i. 
vomiting, pernicious vomiting. 

incoherence (in-ko-her'-ens) [in, not; cohcerere, to 
cling together]. The quality of being incoherent; 
absence of connection of ideas or of language ; incon- 
gruity or inconsequence of diction. 

incoherent {in-ko-he'-rent) [in-; cohcerere, to stick 
together]. Not connected; without proper sequence. 

incombustible (in-com-bus'-tib-l) [in, not; comburere, 
to burn up]. Incapable of burning. 

incombustibility (in-com-bus-tib-il'-it-e) [in, not; 
comburere, to burn up]. The state of being incom- 
bustible. 

incompatibility (in-kom-pat-ib-il'-it-e). [see incom- 
patible]. The state of being incompatible. It may 
be chemical or physiological or therapeutic. 

incompatible (in-kom-pat'-ib-l) [in-; compatible]. 
Of two substances, not miscible without chemical 
change that destroys the usefulness of either or both; 
nor capable of being administered together on account 
of antagonistic properties. 

incompetence, incompetency (in-kom'-pe-tens, in- 
kom'-pe-ten-se) [in-; competens, sufficient]. In- 
capacity; inadequacy; inability to perform the 
natural functions, i. of the cardiac valves, an 
imperfect state of the valves of the heart in which 
they permit the return of blood into the cavity from 
which it came. 

incongruence (in-kon'-groo-ens) [incongruens, in- 
consistent]. Lack of congruence, i., retinal, lack 
of correspondence in the situation of the percipient 
elements of the two retinae. 

incongruity (in-kon-groo'-it-e) [in, not; congruere, 
to go together]. Absence of agreement or of needful 
harmony. 

inconscient (in-kon'-she-ent) [in, priv.; conscius, 
aware of]. Done without consciousness; applied to 
impulsive muscular action. 

inconstant (in-kon'-stant) [in, priv.; constare, to 
stand together]. Changeable; not constant. 

incontinence {in-kon' -tin-ens) [in-; continere, to 
contain]. 1. Inability to control the escape of 
anything, as of the feces or the urine; involuntary 
evacuation. 2. Venereal indulgence; lewdness. 

incoordination (in-ko-or-din-a'-shun). Inability 
to produce voluntary muscular movements in proper 
order or sequence. 

incorporation (in-kor-por-a'-shtm) [in-; corpus, a 
body]. The process of intimately mixing the 
particles of different bodies into a practically homo- 
geneous mass. 

incrassate (in-kras'-at) [in, in; crassare, to make 
thick]. Thickened or swollen. 

incrassation {in-kras-a'-shun) [in, in; crassus, 



thick]. The process of making thick, as by inspissa- 
tion; enlargement of a part, due to fatness. 

increment {in'-kre-ment) [in-; crescere, to grow]. 
Increase or growth. 

incremental (in-kre-men'-tal) [incrementum, 
growth]. Pertaining to increment or growth. 
i. lines. See Salter's lines. 

incrustation (in-krus-ta'-shuri) [in-; crusta, crust]. 
The formation of a crust, especially a crust-like 
deposit of mineral salts. 

incubation {in-ku-ba'-shun) [in-; cubare, to lie]. 

1. The process of sitting upon eggs to favor hatching. 

2. The period of a disease between the implanting of 
the contagium and the development of the symptoms. 

3. The process of development of a fecundated ovum. 

4. The keeping of a culture in an incubator to obtain 
the maximum bacterial growth. 

incubator (in'-ku-ba-tor) [see incubation]. A device 
for the artificial hatching of eggs or for the culti- 
vation of bacteria; a contrivance for rearing prema- 
turely born children. 

incubus (in'-ku-bus) [L., "nightmare"]. 1. Night- 
mare. 2. Anciently, a male demon supposed to have 
sexual connection with women in their sleep. 

incudal (ing'-ku-dal) [incus]. Relating to the 
incus. 

incudectomy {ing-ku-dek' -to-me) [incus; Iktoixt], a 
cutting out]. The surgical removal of the incus. 

incudiform (in-ku'-dif-orm) [incus, anvil; forma, 
form]. Shaped like an anvil. 

incudomaJleal (ing-ku-do-mal'-e-al) [incus; malleus]. 
Relating to the incus and the malleus. 

incudostapedial {ing-ku-do-sta-pe' -de-aV) [incus; 
stapes]. Relating to the incus and the stapes. 

incuneation (in-ku-ne-a'-shun) [incuneatio, a wedg- 
ing]. 1. The impaction of a fracture or of the fetal 
head. 2. The same as gomphosis. 

incurable {in-ku'-ra-bl) [in-; curabilis, curable]. 
Not curable. 

incurvation (in-ker-va'-shun) [incurvare, to bend}. 
The state of being bent or curved in. 

incurvorecurved (in-ker-vo-re-kervd') . Curved in- 
ward and then backward. 

incus (ing'-kus) [L., "an anvil"]. The middle one 
of the chain of bones in the middle ear, so termed 
from^ts resemblance to an anvil. 

incustapedic (ing-ku-stap-e'-dik). See incudosta- 
pedial. 

in d. Abbreviation for in dies [L.] daily. 

indagation {in-da-ga' -shun) [indagare, to trace out]. 
1. Close investigation. 2. Digital examination. 

indecent (in-de' '-sent) [indecens, unbecoming]. Not 
decent; obscene, i. exposure. See exhibitionism. 

indecision {in-de-sizh'-un). Morbid irresolution; 
want of firmness or of will; abulia or hypobulia. 

indehiscent (in-de-his'-ent) [in, not; hiscere, to 
gap]. In biology, not opening spontaneously. 

indentation (in-den-la' -shun) [in-; dens, a tooth]. 

1. A notch, dent, or depression. 2. A condition of 
being notched or serrated, i. of tongue, the notching 
of the borders of the tongue made by the teeth. 

index (in'-deks) [L.]. 1. The first or fore-finger. 

2. The relation or ratio of one part to another taken 
as a standard, i., alveolar, the degree of prominence 
of the jaws, measured by the basialveolar length 
multiplied by 100 and divided by the basinasal 
length. When the alveolar index is less than 98, 
the skull is orthognathic; when more than 103, 
prognathic; when intermediate, mesognathic. i. t 
cephalic, the breadth of a skull multiplied by 100 
and divided by its length. When this is below 75. 
the skull is called dolichocephalic; when above 80, 
it is called br achy cephalic; between these limits, 
mesaticephalic. i., cerebral, the ratio of the greatest 
transverse to the greatest anteroposterior diameter 
of the cranial cavity, multiplied by 100. i., color, 
the amount of hemoglobin contained in each red 
blood corpuscle; the quotient of the hemoglobin per- 
centage divided by the percentage of red cells, i. of 
diffusion, as applied to agar jelly containing stain and 
other substances — the sum of its diffusion-delaying 
ingredients subtracted from its diffusion-accelerating 
constituents added to the quantity of stain in the 
jelly, i.-finger, the first finger, i., gnathic, the 
ratio of the distance between the basion and the alve- 
olar point to the distance between the basion and 
the nasal point, multiplied by 100. i., hemorenal 
salt, tbe ratio of the amount of inorganic salts 
in the urine to that in the blood. i., length- 
breadth. See *., cephalic, i. movement. See under 



INDEXOMETER 



460 



-INE 



movement, forced, i., obturator (of the pelvis), the 
transverse diameter multiplied by ioo and divided 
by the vertical diameter, i., opsonic. See opsonic. 
L, palatine, the ratio of the maximum breadth of the 
palatine arch to its maximum length, i., pelvic. 
See pelvic index, i. of refraction, the ratio of the 
sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle 
of refraction when a ray of light passing from one 
medium to another is refracted, i., refractive, the 
coefficient of refraction, i., thoracic, the ratio of 
the anteroposterior diameter to the transverse, ex- 
pressed in percentage, i., vertical, the ratio of the 
vertical diameter of the skull to the maximum antero- 
posterior diameter, multiplied by ioo. i., volume, 
the relation of the volume of the red corpuscles to 
their number. 

indexometer (in-deks-om' -et-ur) [index; p.krpov, 
measure]. An instrument to determine the index of 
refraction of liquids. 

Indian corn (in'-de-an). See zea mays. I. hemp. 
See cannabis indica. I. poke. Veratrum viride, q. v. 
I. tobacco. See lobelia. 

India ink method. A method of making the 
Spirochceta pallida visible under the microscope by 
means of India ink. 

India-rubber. See caoutchouc. 

indican (in'-dik-an) [indigo], i. C26H31NO17. A 
glucoside occurring in indigo-plants, and by the 
decomposition of which indigo is produced. 2. Po- 
tassium indoxyl-sulphate, CsHeNSO^K, a substance 
occurring in urine and sweat, and formed from indol. 
For tests, see Jaffe, MacMunn, Obermeyer, Weber. 

indicanidrosis (in-dik-an-id-ro'-sis) [indican; iSp&s, 
sweat]. The presence of indican in the perspiration. 

indicant (in'-dik-ant) [indicare, to indicate]. 

1. Serving as an index or as an indication. 2. A 
fact or symptom that indicates a certain treatment; 
an indication. 

indicanuria (in-dik-an-u'-re-ah) [indican; ovpov, 
urine]. Morbid excess of indican in the urine. See 
Jaffe, MacMunn, Obermeyer , Weber. 

indication (in-dik-a'-shun) [indicare, to point out]. 
That which points out; a guide, especially that which 
points out the course of treatment. 

indicator (in'-dik-a-tor). 1. The index-finger. 

2. The extensor indicis muscle. 3. In chemistry, 
a substance used to show by a color-change when a 
change of reaction has taken place or a chemical 
affinity has been satisfied. 4. A mechanism like 
the hand of a dial to register movements or processes. 

indicium (in-dish' -e-um) [L.: pi., indicia]. A 
symptom or sign; a discrimination or diagnostic mark. 

indicophose (in'-dik-o-foz). A blue-colored phose. 

indifferent (in-dif'-er-ent) [in-; differ ens, different]. 
1. Not differentiated; not tending to build up tissue, 
as indifferent cells. 2. Not readily acted upon by 
agents. 3. Neutral. 

indifferentism (in-dif'-er-ent-izm) [in, not; differ ens, 
different]. Lack of special differentiation. 

indigenous (in-dij'-en-us) [indu, within; gignere, 
to beget]. Native; originating or belonging to a cer- 
tain locality or country. 

indigestion (in-di-jes'-chun) [in-; digerere, to 
digest]. Imperfect digestion. 

indigitation (in-dij-it-a'-shun) [in-; digitus, a 
finger]. 1. A displacement of a part of the intestine 
by intussusception. 2. Invagination. 

indiglucin (in-de-gloo'-sin) [indigo; j\vkvs, sweet], 
CeHioOe. A yellow syrup, one of the decomposition- 
products of indican. 

indigo (in'-dig-o) [LvSikov, indigo], C16H10N2O2. A 
blue pigment formed by the decomposition of the 
indican contained in various species of Indigofera 
(Indigofera tinctoria, I. anil, I. argented), or in the 
urine and sweat, i.-blue, C16H10N2O2, a blue pig- 
ment from indigo. Syn., indigotin. i.-carmin, 
potassium or sodium sulphindigotate, used as a stain 
in microscopy and as a test for sugar, i.-carmin 
paper, paper charged with indigo-carmin and sodium 
carbonate used as a test for sugar in urine, i.-red. 
See indirubin. i. white, indigogen, a substance 
obtained by the reduction of indigo-blue. 

indigogen (in'-dig-o-jen). See indigo-white and 
uroxanthin. 

indigotin (in-dig-o'-tin). See indigo-blue. 

indigouria (in-dig-o-u'-re-ah) [indigo ; ovpov, urine]. 
The presence of indigo in the urine; it is due to a 
decomposition of indican. See cyanurin. 

indirect (in'-di-rekt) [in-; directus, straight]. Not 
direct; not in a direct line; acting through an inter- 



vening medium, i. cell-division. See karyokinesis. 
i. vision, vision by some other part of the retina than 
the macula. 

indirubin (in-di-roo' -bin) [indigo; rubrum, red], 
C16H10N2O2. A substance isomeric with indigo-blue 
and very similar to it. It is produced by condensing 
indoxyl with isatin by means of a dilute soda solution. 
Syn., indigo-red. See Rosenbach, rosin. 

indisposition (in-dis-po-zish'-un) [in-; dispositio, 
disposition]. A slight illness not confining the 
patient to bed. 

indium (in'-de-um) [indicum, indigo, so-called from 
its indigo-blue spectral line]. A rare metal. Sym- 
bol In, atomic weight, 114.8. It is very soft, and 
resembles lead in its properties. See elements, 
table of. 

indol (in'-dol) [indigo], CsHvN. A substance pro- 
duced in pancreatic digestion, in intestinal putre- 
faction, and in certain bacterial cultures. It occurs 
in the feces, giving to them in part their odor, and 
is eliminated in the urine in the form of indican, being 
especially increased in intestinal obstruction. See 
Baeyer, Nencki, Salkowski. 

indolaceturia (in-dol-as-e-tu'-re-ah). Presence of 
indolacetic acid in the urine. 

indolemia {in-do-le'-me-ah) [Ivbbs, Indian; Xoijuos, 
pestilence]. Asiatic cholera. 

indolent (in' -do-lent) [in, not; dolere, to feel pain]. 
Sluggish, without pain; applied to ulcers, tumors, 
etc. 

indoxyl (in-doks'-il) [indigo; 6£i>s, sharp], CsH6- 
(OH)N. The product derived from indol by oxi- 
dation, as it takes place in the liver, i.-sulphate, 
indican, CsHeNSCUK, a combination of indoxyl 
with a sulphate and found in the urine. 

indoxylsulphuric acid (in-doks-il-sul-fu f -rik). See 
acid, indoxylsulphuric, and indican. 

indoxyluria (in-doks-il-u'-re-ah) [indoxyl; ovpov, 
urine]. Excess of indoxyl in the urine. 

induced (in-diisd') [see induction]. 1. Produced by 
induction, as induced electricity. 2. Produced arti- 
ficially, as induced labor. 

induction (in-duk'-shun) [inducer e, to lead in]. 
1. The act of bringing on. 2. The process of draw- 
ing general conclusions from special facts. 3- The 
production of electricity or magnetism in a body by 
proximity to another body, which is electrified or 
magnetized, but not in direct contact with it. i.- 
balance, an instrument used for detecting the presence 
of metallic bodies by the electric disturbance which 
they cause, i.-coil, a wire wound around a bobbin, 
used for conducting a galvanic current, by means of 
which electricity is induced in a second coil. 

inductogram (in-duk'-to-gram). See skiagram. 

inductometer (in-duk-tom'-et-er) [induction; p'erpov, 
a measure]. An apparatus for estimating the degree 
of electric induction. 

inductorium (in-duk-to'-re-um) [L., "a covering"]. 
An apparatus for producing induced currents, 
i., DuBois-Reymond's, an induction apparatus with 
a primary and secondary coil in which the primary 
current is never opened, it being short-circuited. 
It is used in physiological laboratories. 

indulin {in'-du-lin). A coal-tar dye, used as a 
tissue stain in histology. 

induiinophil (in-du-lin'-o-fil) [indulin; <f>i\eiv, to 
love]. Staining with indulin. 

indurated (in'-du-ra-ted) [see induration]. Hard- 
ened, as indurated chancre. 

induration (in-du-ra'-shun) [in-; durus, hard]. 
Hardening of a tissue or part; the state of being or 
becoming hard ; a hardened mass or lump, i., black, 
the hardened, pigmented condition of the lung in 
anthracosis. i., brown, a form of interstitial pneu- 
monia in which there is, in addition to the new- 
growth of fibrous tissue, a deposit of altered blood- 
pigment. L, fibroid. See i., gray, and cirrhosis. 
i., gray, the appearance of the lung in chronic pneu- 
monia, the cut surface being smooth, glistening, gray, 
and dense, i., red, an interstitial pneumonia in 
which the lung is red from congestion. 

indurative (in'-du-ra-tiv) . Pertaining to induration. 

indurescent (in-du-res'-ent). Gradually becoming 
hardened. 

indusium (in-du'-ze-um) [induere, to put onj pi., 
indusia]. 1. A membranous covering. 2. The am- 
nion. 3- A marginal layer of gray matter on the 
corpus callosum, also called i. griseum. 

-ine. A termination used in forming (1) the 
names of the elements bromine, chlorine, fluorine, 



INEBRIANT 



461 



INFLECTED 



and iodine; (2) the names of the alkaloids. And 
see -in. 

inebriant (in-e'-bre-ant) [see inebriety], 1. Intoxi- 
cant; causing inebriation. 2. An agent that causes 
inebriation. 

inebriation (in-e-bre-a'-shun) [see inebriety]. The 
condition of drunkenness. 

inebriety (in-e-bri'-et-e) [inebriare, to make drunk]. 
Habitual drunkenness. 

inedia (in-e'-de-ah) [in, not; edere, to eat]. Syn- 
onym of fasting. 

inenucleable (in-e-nu' -kle-a-bV) [in, not; enucleare, 
to shell out]. Not removable by enucleation. 

inertia (in-er'-she-ah) [iners, inactive]. Sluggish- 
ness; inability to move except by means of an ex- 
ternal force. In physics, that property of matter 
by virtue of which it is incapable of changing its 
condition of rest or motion. L, uterine, sluggishness 
of uterine contractions during labor. 

in extremis (in eks-tre'-mis) [L.]. At the end; at 
the last; at the point of death. 

infancy (in'-fan-se) [infans, not able to speak, a 
little child]. Early childhood, i., diseases of, those 
to which infants are peculiarly liable. 

infant (in'-fant) [infans, not able to speak, a little 
child], 1. A babe. 2. According to English law, one 
not having attained the age of 21. 

infanticide (in-f ant' -is-td) [infant; ccedere, to kill]. 
1. The murder of an infant. 2. The murderer of an 
infant. 

infantile (in'-fan-til) [infant]. Pertaining to in- 
fancy, i. hernia, oblique inguinal hernia behind the 
funicular peritoneal process, i. paralysis, acute 
anterior poliomyelitis, i. uterus, an undeveloped 
womb. 

infantilism (in-f ant' -il-izm) [infantile]. The per- 
sistence of childish characteristics into adult life. 
L, Lorain's type of, represented by an individual 
small in stature but of the adult type, with pubic and 
axillary hair wanting, and with fair intelligence. 
i., myxedematous, a type characterized by chubby 
face, prominent lips and abdomen, rudimentary 
genitals, high-pitched voice, second dentition re- 
tarded or absent, and infantile mental state. 

infarct (in'-farkt) [infarcire, to stuff in]. A wedge- 
shaped area, either of hemorrhage into an organ 
(hemorrhagic infarct), or of necrosis in an organ 
(anemic infarct), produced by the obstruction of a 
terminal vessel, i., uric-acid, the deposition of 
crystals of uric acid in the renal tubules of the new- 
born. 

infarction (in-f ark' -shun) [see infarct]. The pro- 
duction of an infarct; also the infarct itself. 

infect (in-fekt') [inficere, to put in, or corrupt]. 
To communicate or transmit the specific virus or 
germs of disease. 

infecting (in-f ek' -ting) [infection]. Causing infec- 
tion, as an infecting embolus. 

infection (in-f ek' -shun) [infectio, from in, into; 
facere, to make]. 1. The communication of disease 
from one body to another, or from one part to another 
part of the same individual (autoinfection) . 2. The 
material conveying _ the disease ; the disease-pro- 
ducing agent, i.-atrium, the point of entrance of an 
infection, i., consecutive, septic infection implanted 
upon an already established morbid process, i., 
mixed, infection by more than one kind of bacterium 
at the same time, i., secondary, same as »., consecu- 
tive. 

infectious (in-fek'-shus) [see infection]. 1. Com- 
municating disease. 2. Caused by an infection. 

infective (in-fek'-tiv) [infectio, infection]. Infec- 
tious, i. angioma. See angioma serpiginosum. 

infectivity (in-fek-tiv'-it-e) [inficere, to infect]. 
Infectiousness; the quality of being infectious. 

infecundity (in-fe-kun'-dit-e) [in-; fecundus, fruit- 
ful]. Sterility; barrenness. 

mferent (in'-fer-ent). Same as afferent. 

inferior (in-fe-'re-or) [comp. of inferus, low]. 
Lower. 

inferocostal (in-fer-o-kos'-ial) [inferior; costa, a 
rib]. Relating to the lower border of a rib or the 
region beneath it. 

inf erofrontal (in-fer-o-front'-al) [inferior ; frons, the 
forehead]. Relating to the inferior part of the 
frontal lobe. 

inferolateral (in-fer-o-lat'-er-al) [inferus, low; latus, 
side]. Situated below and to one side. 

inferoposterior (in-fer-o-pos-te'-re-or) [inferus, low; 
Posterius, posterior]. Situated backward and below. 



infertility (in-fer-til'-it-e) [in, not; fertilis, fertile]. 
Same as sterility. 

infestation (in-f es-ta' -shun). The state or condi- 
tion of being infested. The term is used with refer- 
ence to the presence of animal parasites in or on the 
human body. 

innbulation (in-fib-u-W -shun) [in- ; fibula, a clasp]. 
The operation of fastening the prepuce over the glans- 
penis, or of fastening together the labia of the vagina. 

infiltrate (in'-fil-trat) [see infiltration], 1. To ooze 
into the spaces of a tissue. 2. The substance that 
has oozed out. 

infiltration (in-fil-ira'-shun) [in-; filtrare, to strain]. 
1. The entrance into the tissue-spaces or into the 
tissue-elements of some abnormal substance or of a 
normal substance in excess. 2. The material thus 
deposited, i.-anesthesia, local anesthesia from 
cocaine-injections, i., calcareous, the deposit of lime 
and magnesium salts in the tissues, i., cellular, an 
infiltration of the 'tissues with round-cells, i., 
circumferential, in surgery, cutting off the area of 
operation from all nerve communication with sur- 
rounding parts by a wall of anesthetizing edema, 
i., fatty, the deposit of fat in the tissues; the presence 
of oil- or fat-globules in the interior of a cell, i., 
glycogenic, the deposit of glycogen-granules in the 
cells, i., pigmentary, the deposit of pigment in the 
tissues, derived either from without or from within. 
i., purulent, the presence of scattered pus-cells in a 
tissue, i., serous, an infiltration of the tissues with 
diluted lymph, i., tuberculous, a confluence of 
tuberculous nodules, i., urinous, the effusion of 
urine into a tissue, i., waxy, a deposit of waxy 
substance. 

infinite (in' -fin-it) [in-; finis, boundary]. Im- 
measurable or innumerable; unlimited, when com- 
pared with any known or conceivable quantity. L 
distance, a term in optics practically taken as twenty 
feet. Rays from an object at that distance and 
entering the eye are practically parallel, as they 
would be completely if coming from a point at a 
really infinite distance. 

infinitesimalism (in-fin-it-es' -im-al-izm) [infinitus, 
boundless]. The doctrine that favors the infini- 
tesimal dilution of drugs with the view of potentizing 
them, or developing their power over disease. 

infirm (in-ferm') [in-; firmus, firm]. Weak or 
feeble. 

infi r mary (in-f er' -ma-re) [infirmarium, an in- 
firmary], A hospital; an institution where ill and 
infirm persons are maintained during the period of 
treatment. 

infirmity (in-fer'-mit-e) [infirm], 1. Weakness * r 
feebleness. 2. A disease producing feebleness. 

inflame (in-flam') [inflammare, to set on firel. 
To undergo inflammation. To become unduly- 
heated and turgid with blood, owing to a morbid 
condition. 

inflammation (in-flam-a'-shun) [inflammare, to set 
on fire; to inflame]. A morbid condition with hyper- 
emia, pain, heat, swelling, and disordered function^ 
It is accompanied by overfilling of the blood-vessels ,. 
alteration in the blood-vessel walls, outwandering of 
leukocytes, exudation of plasma, and multiplication 
of the cells of the surrounding connective tissue. 
i., acute, that in which the processes are active; 
usually this form is characterized by the cardinal 
symptoms of inflammation — heat, redness, swelling, 
and pain, i., catarrhal, one occurring on a mucous 
surface and causing the shedding of its epithelium. 
i., chronic, that in which there is a building-up of new 
connective tissue, i., interstitial, one affecting 
chiefly the connective tissue of an organ. L, paren- 
chymatous, one affecting chiefly the parenchyma of 
an organ. i., plastic. Same as *'., productive, u 
productive, that accompanied by the formation of 
new tissue, i., reactive, an inflammation set up 
around a focus of degeneration to limit the spread of 
the degenerative process; also the inflammation 
around a foreign body, i., specific, one due to a 
special microorganism, and characterized by the 
formation of a tumor-like nodule that tends to 
degenerate, i., suppurative, that attended by the 
formation of pus. i., toxic, that due to poison. 

inflammatory (in-flam' -at-o-re) [inflammare, to 
inflame]. Pertaining to inflammation. 

inflation (in-fla'-shun) [inflare, to blow up]. Dis- 
tention with air. 

inflected (in-flek'-ted) [in, in; fleeter e, to bend]. 
Bent inward or downward. 



INFLECTION 



462 



INFUSORIA 



inflection, inflexion (in-flek'-shun). i. A bending 
inward. 2. Modification of the pitch of the voice 
in speaking. 

indexed (in-fleksf) [inflectere, to bend]. Bent. 
Same as inflected. 

influenza (in-floo-en'-zah) [Ital., "an influence"]. 
An epidemic affection characterized by catarrhal 
inflammation of the mucous membrane of the 
respiratory tract, accompanied by a mucopurulent 
discharge, fever, pain in the muscles, and prostration. 
At times symptoms referable to the gastrointestinal 
system predominate; at others the symptoms are 
mainly referred to the nervous system. The cause 
of the disease is Bacillus influenza, discovered by 
Pfeiffer and Canon. Complications are common, 
pneumonia being the most frequent; pleurisy, otitis 
media, and neuritis also occur. An occasional 
sequel is insanity. Syn., grip; la grippe. 

influenzin (in-floo-en'-zin). A proprietary remedy 
said to be a mixture of phenacetin, caffeine, quinine, 
salicylate, and sodium chloride; used in influenza. 

influx {in'-fluks) [in, in; fluere, to flow]. An in- 
flow. The act of flowing in. 

infra- (in-frah-) [infra, below]. A prefix meaning 
below or beneath. 

infraaxillary (in-frah-aks'-il-a-re) [infra-; axilla, 
the armpit]. Below the armpit. 

infrabranchial (in-frah-brang'-ke-al) [infra-; bran- 
chice, gills]. Beneath or below the gills. 

infrabuccal (in-frah-buk'-al )[infra-; bucca, the 
cheek]. In molluscs beneath the buccal mass. 

infraclavicular (in-frah-klav-ik'-u-lar) [infra-; clavi- 
cula, the collar-bone]. Below the collar-bone. i. 
region, the space on the chest between the clavicle 
and the third rib. 

infracommissure (in-frah-com'-is-ur) [infra-; com- 
mitter e, to unite]. The inferior commissure of the 
brain. 

infraconscious (in-frah-kon-shus) [infra-; conscius, 
aware of]. Subconscious. 

infraconstrictor (in-frah-kon-strik'-tor) [infra-; con- 
stringer e, to bind together]. The inferior constrictor 
of the pharynx. See muscles, table of. 

infracortical (in-frah-kor'-tik-al) [infra-; cortex, a 
bark]. Lying beneath the cortical substance of the 
brain or kidney. 

infracostal (in-frah-kos'-tal) [infra-; costa, a rib]. 
Below the ribs. 

infracostales (in-frah-kos-ta'-lez). See muscles, 
table of. 

infracotyloid (in-frah-kot'-il-oid). Below the coty- 
loid cavity or acetabulum. 

infraction (in-frak'-shuri) [in-; fr actio, breaking]. 
Incomplete fracture of a bone. 

infradiaphragmatic {in-frah-di-af -rag-mat' -ik) [in- 
fra-; diaphragm]. Situated below the diaphragm. 

infragenual (in-frah-jen'-u-al) [infra-; genu, the 
knee]. Subpatellar. 

inf raglenoid {in-frah-gle'-noid) [infra- ; yXyvn, cavity ; 
eldos, likeness]. Located below the glenoid cavity. 

infraglottic (in-frah-glot'-ik) [infra-; glottis]. Be- 
low the glottis. 

infrahyoid {in-frah-hi'-oid) [infra-; hyoid]. Situ- 
ated below the hyoid bone. 

infrainguinal {in-fra-in'-gwin-al) [infra-; inguen, 
groin]. Below the inguinal region. 

infralemnisc (in-frah-lem'-nisk) [infra-; lemniscus, 
a pendent ribbon]. Wilder's term for the lower 
lamina of the lemniscus. 

inframammary (in-frah-mam'-ar-e) [infra- ; mamma, 
the breast]. Situated beneath the mamma, i. 
region, the area on the chest below the sixth rib. 

inframarginal {in-frah-mar'-jin-al). See submar- 
ginal. i. convolution, the inferior temporal gyrus. 

inframaxillary (in-frah-maks'-il-a-re) [infra-; max- 
illa, the jaw]. Below or under the jaw. 

intraoccipital (in-frah-ok-sip'-et-al). See subocci- 
pital. 

inf raocclusion (in-frah-ok-loo'-zhuri) . Failure of ap- 
position of one or more teeth when the jaws are closed. 

infraorbital (in-frah-or'-bit-al) [infra-; orbita, orbit]. 
Beneath or below the floor of the orbit, i. canal, 
the canal in the superior maxillary bone that trans- 
mits the infraorbital vessels and nerve, i. foramen. 
See foramen, infraorbital. 

infrapatellar (in-frah-pa-teV-ar). Pertaining to 
parts below the patella. 

infraprotein (in-frah-pro'-te-in). See metaprotein. 

infrapubic (in-frah-pu'-bik). Pertaining to parts 
below the pubis. 



infrarectus (in-frah-rek'-tus) [infra-; rectus, 
straight]. The inferior rectus muscle of the eye. 
See muscles, table of. 

infrascapular (in-frah-skap'-u-lar) [infra-; scapula]. 
Below the shoulder-blade. 

infraspinatus (in-frah-spi-na'-tus). See muscles, 
table of. 

infraspinous (in-frah-spi'-nus) [infra-; spina, a 
spine]. Beneath a. spine, as of the scapula or a 
vertebra, i. fascia, the dense membranous fascia 
covering the infraspinous muscle, i. fossa, the 
shallow depression on the dorsal surface of the scapula, 
below the spine, and lodging the infraspinatus muscle. 
i. muscle. See infraspinatus under muscle. 

infrastapedial (in-frah-sta-pe'-de-al) [infra-; stapes]. 
Below .the stapes. 

infrasternal (in-frah-ster'-naty [infra-; sternum]. 
Below the sternum, i. depression, the depression of 
the ensiform cartilage. 

infratemporal (in-frah-tem' '-po-ral) [infra-; tempora, 
the temple]. Situated beneath the temporal bone. 

intrathoracic (in-frah-tho-ras'-ik) [infra-; thorax]. 
Below the thorax. 

infratonsillar (in-frah-ton' -sil-ar) [infra-; tonsilla, 
the tonsil]. Below the tonsil. 

infratrochlea {in-frah-trok'-le-ah) [infra-; trochlea, 
a pulley]. Below the trochlea, i. nerve. See 
nerves, table of. 

infratrochlear (in-frah-trok'-le-ar). See subtro- 
chlear. 

infraturbinal (in-frah-tur'-bin-al) [infra-; turbo, a 
wheel, top]. Inferior turbinal. See bones, table of. 

infraumbilical (in-frah-um-bil'-ik-al). Situate be- 
low the umbilicus. 

infra vaginal (in-frah-vaj'-in-al) [infra-; vagina]. 
Situated below the vaginal vault. 

infriction (in-frik'-shun) [infrictio, a rubbing in]. 
The rubbing of a surface with an ointment or lini- 
ment. 

infundibula (in-fun-dib'-u-lah) [L.]. Plural of 
infundibulum, q. v. 

infundibular (in-fun-dib'-u-lar) [infundibulum]. 
Pertaining to a funnel or resembling one; infundibuli- 
form. 

infundibuliform (in-fun-dib-u'-le-form) \infundi- 
bulum; forma, a form]. Funnel-shaped, i. fascia, 
the funnel-shaped membranous layer that invests the 
spermatic cord. 

infundibulin {in-fun-dib f -u-lin) . An extract of the 
posterior lobe of the pituitary body. 

infundibuloovarian (in-fun-dib-u-lo-o-va'-re-an) [in- 
fundibulum; ovarium, ovary]. Relating to the ovi- 
duct and to the ovary. 

infundibulopelvic (in-fun-dib-u-lo-pel'-vik). Re- 
lating to the oviduct and the pelvis. 

infundibulum (in-fun-dib'-u-lum) [L., "a funnel"]. 
A funnel-shaped passage or part. i. of brain, a 
tubular mass of gray matter attached to the pituitary 
body. i. of cochlea, a small cavity at the end of the 
modiolus, i. of ethmoid bone, a canal connecting 
the anterior ethmoid cells with the middle meatus 
of the nose. i. of heart, the arterial cone from which 
the pulmonary artery arises, i. of kidney, one of the 
primary divisions of the pelvis of the kidney, i. of 
lung, one of the air-spaces into which a terminal bron- 
chiole divides, and which is composed of an aggre- 
gation of air-vesicles, i. of oviduct, the cavity formed 
by the fringes at the ovarian end of an oviduct. 

infundin (in-fun'-din). Trade name of a prepara- 
tion of the posterior lobe of the pituitary body. 

infused (in-filzd') [inf under e, to pour in]. Ex- 
tracted; steeped, i. oils. See olea infusa. 

infusible (in-fii'-zib-l). Incapable of being fused. 

infusion {in-fu'-zhun) [infusum]. 1. The process 
of extracting the active principles of a substance by 
means of water, but without boiling. 2. The 
product of such a process, known in pharmacy as 
infusum (q. v.). 3. The slow injection of liquid into 
a vein, i., dural, the use of the lumbar puncture 
for immediate applications in cerebrospinal diseases. 

infusodecoction, infusodecoctum (in-fu-zo-de-kok'- 
shun, -turn). A combination of a decoction of a 
substance with an infusion of it. 

infusor (in-fu'-zor) [L.]. An instrument by means 
of which water or a medicated liquid may be made to 
flow slowly into a vein, or into the parenchymatous 
tissues. 

Infusoria (in-fu-zo'-re-ah) [infusum]. A class of 
Protozoa so called because they often develop in 
great numbers in organic infusions. 



INFUSUM 



463 



IN-KNEE 



infusum {in-fu'-zum) [in-; fundere, to pour]. An 
infusion, i. digitalis (U. S. P.), infusion of digitalis. 
Dose 2 dr. (8 Cc). i. pruni virginianae (U. S. P.)., 
infusion of wild cherry. Dose 2 oz. (6o Cc). i. 
sennae compositum (U. S. P.), compound infusion 
of senna; black draught. Dose 4 oz. (128 Cc). 

ingesta {in-jes'-tah) [in-; gerere, to carry]. Sub- 
stances introduced into the body, especially foods. 

ingestion {in-jes'-chun) [ingesta], 1. The act of 
taking substances, especially food, into the body. 
2. The process by which a cell takes up foreign 
matters, such as bacilli or smaller cells. 

ingestol {in-jes'-tol). A proprietary remedy for 
use in gastric and intestinal diseases. Syn., amarol. 

ingluvial {in-gloo' -ve-al) [ingluvies, the crop]. Per- 
taining to the ingluvies. 

ingluvies {in-gloo' -ve-ez) [L.]. 1. The crop or craw 
of birds. 2. The paunch or rumen of ruminating 
mammals. 

ingluvin {in'-gloo-vin) [ingluvies]. A preparation 
obtained from the gizzard of a fowl, Pullus gallinaceus, 
used as a substitute for pepsin and pancreatin, and 
also in the vomiting of pregnancy. Dose 10-20 gr. 
(0.65-1.3 Gm.). 

Ingrassias, processes of, I., wings of {in-gras'-e-as) 
[Giovanni Filippo Ingrassias, Italian physician, 1510- 
1580]. The lesser wings of the sphenoid bone. 

ingravescent {in-grav-es'-ent) [ingravescere, to be- 
come heavier]. Increasing in weight or in severity, 
as ingravescent apoplexy. 

ingravidation {in-grav-id-a'-shun). See impregna- 
tion. 

ingredient {in-gre'-de-ent) [ingredi, to step into]. 
Any substance that enters into the formation of a 
compound. 

ingrowing nail. See nail, ingrowing. 

inguen (in'-gwen) [L.]. The groin. 

inguinal {in'-gwin-al) [inguen]. Pertaining to the 
groin, i. canal, the canal transmitting the spermatic 
cord in the male and the round ligament in the female. 
It is situated parallel to and just above Poupart's 
ligament, i. glands, the superficial and the deep 
glands of the groin, i. hernia. See hernia, inguinal. 
i. ligament, Poupart's ligament, q. v. 

inguino- {in' -gwin-o-) [inguen, the groin]. In 
composition, pertaining to the groin. 

inguinoabdominal. Pertaining conjointly to the 
groin and the abdomen. 

inguinocrural. Relating to the groin and the 
thigh. 

inguinocutaneous. Relating to the integument of 
the groin. 

inguinodynia {in-gwin-o-din' -e-ah) [inguen; 68vvri, 
pain]. Pain in the groin. • 

inguinointerstitial {in-gwin-o-in-ter-stish'-al) [in- 
guen ; interstitial]. Within the tissues of the inguinal 
region. 

inguinolabial {in-gwin-o-la'-be-al). Relating to the 
groin and a labium majus. 

inguinoscrotal {in-gwin-o-skro'-tal). Relating to 
the groin and the scrotum. 

ingulation {in-gu-la' -shun) [in, into'; gula, the 
throat]. The introduction of anything into the 
throat. 

ingurgitation {in-gur-jit-a' -shun) [ingurgitatio, a 
swallowing]. 1. The act of swallowing; deglutition. 
2. Excess in eating or drinking. 

inhalant, inhalent (in-ha'-lant, -lent). 1. See 
inhalation (2). 2. Useful for inhalation. 

inhalation {in-ha-la' -shun) [inhalare, to draw in]. 
1. The breathing in of air or other vapor. 2. A 
medicinal substance to be used by inhalation, i.- 
diseases, those due to the inspiration of air containing 
dust or any finely divided matter, i.-therapy, treat- 
ment of a disease by inspiration of medicated vapors. 

inhale (in'-hal) [inhalare, to breathe in]. To 
inspire or draw air or other vapor into the lungs. 

i nhal er (in-ha'-ler). An instrument for inhaling a 
gas or vapor. 

inherent {in-her' -ent) [in, to; hcerere, to cleave]. 
Innate; natural to the organism. 

inheritance {in-her' -it-ans) . 1. The act of inherit- 
ing. 2. Transmitted characteristics, i., amphigo- 
nous, of Haeckel, characteristics transmitted from 
both parents, i., homochronous, Haeckel's name for 
a characteristic in an offspring, shown at an age 
identical with that in which it was manifest in the 
parent, i., homotopic, of Haeckel, the inheritance 
of acquired characteristics, i., particulate, the re- 
appearance of single peculiarities in the offspring. 



L, use, the inheritance of acquired characters; the 
acquisition by the offspring of changes in the body- 
cells of the parent. 

inherited {in-her' -it-ed) [in, in, to; heres, heir]. 
Derived from an ancestor, i. disease, a disease that 
has been transmitted to a child by its parent. 

inhibit {in-hib'-it) [inhibere, to check]. To check, 
restrain, or suppress. 

inhibition {in-hib-ish'-un) [inhibere, to check]. 
The act of checking or restraining; a restraint. 

inhibitory {in-hib'-it-o-re) [see inhibition]. Check- 
ing; restraining. 

inhibitrope {in-hib'-it-rop) [inhibere, to check]. 
An individual in whom certain stimuli cause a 
partial arrest of function. 

inhumation {in-hu-ma' -shun) [inhumare, to put 
in the ground]. Burial of the dead in the ground. 

iniac, inial {in'-e-ak, in'-e-al) [inion]. Pertaining 
to the inion. 

iniad {in'-e-ad) [Iviov, the occiput]. Toward 
the inial aspect. 

inien {in'-e-en) [iviov, occiput]. Belonging to the 
inion in itself. 

iniencephalus {in-e-en-sef -al-us) [inion; iyic&paXos, 
brain]. A fetal monstrosity in which there is a pos- 
terior fissure of the skull, with protrusion of the brain- 
substance, combined with spinal fissure. 

iniodymus {in-e-od' -im-us) [iviov, occiput; SiSvfios, 
double]. A teratism with one body and two heads 
joined at the occiput. 

iniofacial {in-e-o-fa'-shal). Relating to the inion 
and the face. 

inioglabellar {in-e-o-gla-beV -ar) [iviov, occiput: 
glaber, smooth]. Relating to or joining the inion 
and the glabella. 

iniomesial {in-e-o-me'-ze-al). Relating to the 
inion and to the meson. 

inion {in'-e-on) [iviov, occiput]. The external 
protuberance of the occipital bone. See under 
craniometric point. 

iniops {in'-e-ops) [iviov, occiput; ty, face]. A 
catadidymous monstrosity with the parts below the 
navel double, the thoraces joined into one, and one 
head with two faces, the one incomplete. 

inirritative {in-ir' -it-a-tiv) [in, not; irritare, to 
irritate]. Not irritant; soothing. 

initial {in-ish'-al) [in, into; ire, to go]. Beginning; 
early; primary, as the initial lesion of syphilis — the 
chancre, i. cells, germ-cells, i. sclerosis, the hard 
chancre. 

initis {in-i'-tis) [is, muscle; fiber; ins, inflamma- 
tion]. 1. Inflammation of fibrous or muscular 
tissue. 2. Inflammation of a tendon; tenontitis. 

inj. Abbreviation for injectio [L.], injection. 

inject {in-jekt') [see injection]. To throw or force 
in, as to inject fluids into the tissues; also, to fill the 
vessels of an organ. In pathology, to produce a 
condition of distention of the capillaries with biood. 

injecta {in-jek' -tah) [L.]. Things introduced, as 
into the alimentary canal (correlated with ejecta). 

injection {in-jek' -shun) [in, into ; jacere, to throw]. 
1. The act of injecting or throwing in. 2. The 
substance injected. According to the organ into 
which the injection is made, different terms are 
employed, as urethral, intramuscular, uterine, vaginal 
injection, etc. In the British Pharmacopoeia in- 
jectiones are solutions of active substances used for 
hypodermatic injection, i., anatomical, filling the 
vessels of a cadaver or of an organ with preservative 
or coagulating solutions, for purposes of dissection, 
i., coagulation, injection of coagulating solutions into 
the cavity of an aneurysm, i., hypodermic, into 
the subcutaneous connective tissue, by means of a 
syringe. L, nutrient, injection of nutritive fluids 
into the rectum or other cavity of the body, i., 
opaque, naked-eye, for anatomical or microscopical 
purposes, made of plaster of Paris, tallow, vermilion 
and gelatin, plumbic acetate and potassium bichro- 
mate (yellow injection), or plumbic acetate and 
sodium carbonate (white), i., transparent micro- 
scopical, made with carmine for red, potassium bichro- 
mate for yellow, i.-pneumonia, a condition of the 
lung somewhat resembling pneumonia, following in- 
jections of Koch's tuberculin. 

injector {in-jek' -tor). An apparatus used in inject- 
ing. 

injury {in'-joo-re) [in, not; jus, law]. A harm or 
hurt to the body. 

in-knee {in'-ne). Knock-knee, or genu valgum, 
q.v. 



INLAY 



464 



INSANITY 



inlay (in'-la). In dentistry applied to fillings 
first made and then inserted into a cavity with 
cement; also applied to any filling occupying but one 
surface of a tooth. 

inlet (in' -let). The place where the air of venti- 
lation is admitted into a room. i. of the pelvis, the 
heart-shaped space within the brim of the pelvis; 
the superior pelvic strait. 

Inman's disease (in' -man) [Thomas Inman, Eng- 
lish physician, 1820-1876]. Myalgia. 

innate (in-nat' or in'-nat) [innatus, born in]. 
Congenital; native to the organism; intrinsic. 

innervation (in-er-va'-shun) [in, in; nervus, nerve], 
1. Nerve-supply. 2. A discharge of nervous force. 

innocent (in'-o-sent) [in, not; nocere, to harm]. 
Benign, not harmful. 

innocuous (in-ok'-u-us) [innocuus, harmless]. 
Not injurious. * 

innominata (in-nom-in-a'-tah). 1. [Plural of 
innominatum]. The innominate bones. 2. [Feminine 
of inomnominatus]. The innominate artery. 

innominate (in-om'-in-at) [see innominatum]. Un- 
named; unnamable. i. artery. See under artery. 
i. bone, the irregular bone forming the sides and 
anterior wall of the pelvic cavity, and composed of 
the ilium, ischium, and pubis. 

innominatum (in-om-in-a' -turn) [L., "nameless"; 
os, bone, understood]. The innominate bone. 

innoxious (in-ok'-shus) [in, not; noxius, harmful]. 
Harmless, not injurious; same as innocent, q. v. 

innutrition (in-u-trish'-un) [in, not; nutrition]. 
Want of nutrition or nourishment. 

inoblast (in'-o-blast) [is, fiber; j8Xa<rr6s, germ]. 
Any one of the cells from which connective tissue is 
derived. 

inocarcinoma (in-o-kar-sin-o'-mah) [is, fiber; icap- 
kIvos, a crab; opa, tumor: pi., inocarcinomata]. 
A carcinoma with a preponderance of fibrous tissue. 

inoccipitia (in-ok-sip-it'-e-ah) [in, negative; occi- 
put]. Deficiency of the occipital lobe of the brain. 

inochondritis (in-o-kon-dri'-tis) [is, fiber; xbvdpos, 
cartilage; ins, inflammation]. Conjoined inflamma- 
tion of tendons and cartilages. 

inoculability (in-ok-u-la-bil '-it-e) [see inoculation]. 
The quality of being inoculable. 

inoculable (in-ok'-u-la-bl) [see inoculation]. Cap- 
able of being inoculated; communicable by inocu- 
lation. 

inoculation (in-ok-u-la'-shun) [in, into; oculus, a 
bud]. 1. The act of introducing the virus of a 
disease into the body. 2. Specifically, the intentional 
introduction of a virus for the purpose of producing 
a mild form of a disease which is severe when spon- 
taneously introduced, as the inoculation of small- 
pox virus. This is known as preventive inoculation. 

inoculator (in-ok'-u-la-tor) [inoculatio, an ingraft- 
ing]. One who or that which inoculates; an instru- 
ment used in inoculation. 

inocyst (in'-o-sist) [is, a fiber; kvotvs, bladder]. 
A fibrous capsule. 

inoendothelioma (in-o-en-do-the-le-o'-mah) [is, fiber; 
endothelioma; pi., inoendotheliomata]. Round-celled 
fibrosarcoma. 

inoepithelioma (in-o-ep-ith-e-le-o'-mah) [is, fiber; 
epithelioma]. Medullary carcinoma containing fi- 
brous tissue. 

inogen (in'-o-jen) [is, fiber; yewav, to produce]. 
A hypothetical substance believed to occur in 
muscular tissue and to be decomposed, during 
contraction, into carbon dioxide, sarcolactic acid, and 
myosin. 

inogenesis (in-o-jen'-es-is) [is, a fiber; ykveovs, 
generation]. The formation of fibrous or muscular 
tissue. 

inohyirienitis (in-o-hi-men-i'-tis) [is, fiber; vfiri v, 
membrane; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of 
fibrous tissue. * 

inoleiomyoma (in-o-li-o-mi-o'-mah) [is, fiber; Xelos, 
smooth; myoma]. Myoma made up of or containing 
unstriped muscular fibers. 

inolith (in'-o-lith) [is, fiber; Xi0os, a stone]. A 
fibrous concretion. 

inoma (in-o'-mah) [is, a fiber; opa, a tumor: pi., 
inomata]. Same as fibroma. 

inomyxoma (in-o-miks-o'-mah) [is, fiber; nvlia., 
mucus; 8/ia, tumor: pi., inomyxomata]. Same as 
fibro-myxoma. 

inopectic (in-o-pek'-tik). Pertaining to inopexia. 
inoperable (in-op'-ur-a-bl). That which should 
not be operated upon. 



inopexia (in-o-peks'-e-ah) [U, fiber; irrj^is, coagu- 
lation]. A tendency in the blood toward spontaneous 
coagulation. 

inophlogosis (in-o-flo-go'-sis) [is, fiber; <£\6yw<ris, 
inflammation]. Inflammation of any fibrous tissue, 
inopolypous (in-o-poV -ip-us) [is, fiber; polypus]. 
Of the nature of an inopolypus. 

inopolypus (in-o-poV -ip-us) [is, fiber; polypus]. 
A fibrous polyp. 

inorganic (in-or-gan'-ik). Not organic; not pro- 
duced by animal or vegetal organisms, as an inorganic 
compound, i. chemistry, chemistry dealing with 
inorganic compounds, i. compound, a compound 
not containing carbon. 

inorrhabdomyoma (in-or-ab-do-mi-o'-mah) [is, fiber; 
pd/35os, rod; /xCs, muscle; 8p,a, tumor: pi., inorrhab- 
domyomata], A fibrous rhabdomyoma. 

inoscleroma (in-o-skle-ro'-mah) [is, fiber; aKXypuna, 
induration]. _ Hardened fibrous tissue. 

inosclerosis (in-o-skle-ro'-sis) [is, fiber; a/cXripos, 
hard]. Sclerosis or hardening of fibrous tissue. 

inoscopy (in-os'-ko-pe) [is, fiber; aicoireZv, to exam- 
ine]. A method of bacterial investigation designed 
to set free microorganisms which have become 
entangled in the fibrin of organic fluids by dissolving 
the fibrin with a pepsin digestive mixture, when they 
may be centrifuged for examination. 

inosculate (in-os'-ku-lat) [see inosculation]. To 
unite by small openings; to anastomose. 

inosculation (in-os-kii-la'-shun) [in, in; osculum, a 
small mouth]. The joining of blood-vessels by direct 
communication. 

inose (in '-6s). Inosite. 

inosemia (in-o-se'-me-ah). 1. [is, fiber; alua, 
blood]. An excess of fibrin in the blood. 2. [inose; 
alfia, blood]. The presence of inosite in the blood. 
inosis (in'-o-sis). See inogenesis. 
inosite, inosit (in'-o-sit) [ira, fiber], CeHwOe-r- 
2H2O. Muscle-sugar; a saccharine substance oc- 
curring in muscles, rarely in urine. For tests for, 
see Gallois, Scherer, Seidel. 

inosituria (in-o-sit-u'-re-ah) [inosite; olpov, urine]. 
The presence of inosite in the urine. 

inosteatoma (in-o-ste-at-o'-mah) [is, fiber; steatoma]. 
A steatoma with fibrous elements. 

inosuria (in-o-su'-re-ah). See inosituria. 
inotagmata (in-o-tag' -mat-ah) [is, strength, force; 
rayna, a regular arrangement, as of soldiers]. The 
contractile elements that generate the force of proto- 
plasmic motion; they are held to be uniaxial and 
doubly refractive; also written isotagmata. 

inotropic (in-o-trop'-ik) [in, in; rpe-n-eiv, to turn]. 
Pertaining to influences which modify the con- 
tractility of the heart. 

inquest (in'-kwest) [in, into; queer ere, to ask]. A 
judicial inquiry, especially one for the purpose of 
determining the cause of death of one who has died 
by violence or in some unknown way. 

inquination (in-kwin-a' -shun) [inquinatio, pollu- 
tion]. Pollution; infection; corruption. 

inquisition (in-kwiz-ish'-un) [see inquest]. An 
inquiry, especially one into the sanity or lunacy of a 
person. 

insaccation (in-sak-a'-shun) [in, in; saccus, sac]. 
Encystment; enclosure in a sac. 

insalivation (in-sal-iv-a'-shun) [in, in; saliva, the 
spittle]. The mixture of the food with saliva during 
mastication. 

insalubrious (in-sal-u'-bre-us) [in, not; saluber, 
healthful]. Unhealthy. 

insalubrity (in-sal-u'-brit-e) [in, not; salubris, 
wholesome]. Unwholesomeness of air or climate. 

insanability (in-san-ab-iV -it-e) [in, not; sanabilis, 
curable] . Incurableness ; the quality or state of being 
incurable. 

insane (in-san') [in, not; sanus, sound]. Deranged 
or diseased in mind. i. ear. See hamatoma auris 
under hematoma. 

insanitary (in-san' -it-a-re) [in, not; sanitas, health]. 
Not sanitary; not in a proper condition as respects 
the preservation of health. 

insanitation (in-san-it-a'-shun) [in, not; sanitas, 
health]. Lack of proper sanitary conditions; defect 
of sanitation. 

insanity (in-san' -it-e) [see insane]. A derangement 
of the mental faculties, with or without loss of 
volition and of consciousness. Insanity may be due 
to defective development, to acquired disease, or to 
natural decay. It is characterized, according to its 
form, by a variety of symptoms, the most common 



INSANITY 



465 



INSPISSANT 



of which are change of character and habits, morose- 
ness, confusion, elation, melancholia, mania, delu- 
sions, and hallucinations. Melancholia, mania, de- 
lusional insanity, and dementia are the four princi- 
pal types of the affection, i., acquired, that arising 
after a long period of life of mental integrity, i., 
affective, a form affecting only the emotions, as 
melancholia, i., alcoholic, that induced by alcoholic 
excess, usually a result of hereditary tendencies. 
L, alternating. See **., circular, i., anemic, that due 
to anemia, i., arthritic, that due to rheumatism or 
gout, i., circular, a form of insanity recurring in 
cycles varying in length from a few days to many 
months. The arrangement of the cycle varies in 
different individuals, but is constant in a given case. 
Thus melancholia may be followed by mania, and 
this by a lucid interval, the passage from one mental 
condition to the other being abrupt or gradual. 
Syn., alternating insanity; cyclothymia, i., climac- 
teric, insanity occurring at or near the menopause. 
i., communicated, that transmitted by association 
with an insane person, i., compound, that in which 
two or more groups of mental faculties are involved. 
L, concurrent, that caused by general diseases. 
i., confusional, an acute insanity produced by 
nervous shock or exhausting disease, without distinct 
emotional depression or exaltation, with marked 
failure of mental power or complete imbecility, often 
accompanied by hallucinations and loss of physical 
power. Recovery is usually complete, i., congeni- 
tal, that existing from birth, i., consecutive, that 
following some disease or injury not of the brain. 
i., constitutional, insanity due to some pathological or 
physiological condition affecting the general system. 
L, cyclic. Same as i., circular, i., depressive, 
melancholia. L, deuteropathic, that caused by 
disorders of or developmental changes in organs other 
than the brain, i., diabetic, that due to diabetes. 
L, diathetic, inherited insanity, i., doubting, a form 
closely allied to delusional insanity, consisting in an 
uncontrollable doubt and indecision regarding the 
occupations, duties, or events of the day, of religion, 
etc. i., egressing, that growing out of a former 
disease, i., emotional, insanity characterized by 
derangement of the emotions, either depressing or 
exalting in character, i., epidemic, a form occa- 
sionally manifested among a number of persons in 
common association, as in convents or schools. 
i., erotic. See nymphomania, i., general, a general 
term for mania and melancholia. L, hereditary, 
that transmitted from parent to child, and not 
induced by other apparent cause, i., homicidal, 
that marked by a desire to destroy human life. 
L, hysterical, chronic insanity secondary to hysteria 
and preserving the simulative tendencies of hysteria. 
L, ideal, a general term embracing all the forms in 
which ideas dependent upon the senses are perverted. 
i., imitative, a form of communicated insanity marked 
by mimicry of the insane characteristics of another. 
L, imposed, delirious ideas imposed by one maniac 
upon another individual weaker than himself. 
L, impulsive, a form in which the patient possesses 
an uncontrollable desire to commit acts of violence. 
i., intermittent. The same as *., recurrent, i., 
ischemic, that due to persistent cerebral anemia. 
L, melancholic, melancholia, i., menstrual, that 
occurring at the menstrual period; and see *., periodic. 
i., moral, a form marked by perversion and depravity 
of the moral sense, apparently without impairment 
of the reasoning and intellectual faculties, i., 
notional, a form in which the patient sees objects as 
they exist, but conceives grossly erroneous ideas 
concerning them, i., paroxysmal, that marked by 
temporary paroxysms of mental aberration, i., 
perceptional, a form characterized by illusions and 
hallucinations, i., periodic, a condition dependent 
upon original or acquired psychopathy, in which 
attacks of insanity occur at regular or irregular inter- 
vals. If occurring in women at the menstrual epoch, 
it is called menstrual insanity, i. of pregnancy, a 
form occurring during pregnancy, characterized by 
melancholia, suicidal intent, and abhorrence of 
friends and relatives, i., primary, a form, often 
congenital, that arises with the development of the 
body. It may also proceed from injury or disease 
of the brain in early life. i. of puberty. See hebe- 
phrenia, i., puerperal, a term sometimes applied to 
the delirium of childbirth, but more properly to the 
insanity occurring after delivery, i., recurrent, that 
marked by recurrent attacks of mental aberration 



with intervening lucid intervals. L, religious, that 
associated with religious subjects, i., senile, that 
due to old age. i., stuporous, a primary acute form 
of dementia, characterized by a tendency to stupor; 
a disease chiefly met in youth and early maturity. 
i., surgical, that coming on after surgical operations. 
i., toxic, an acute form due to systemic poisoning by 
certain drugs, i., traumatic, insanity marked by 
perversity, violence, and brief spells of maniacal 
self -exaltation, progressing slowly with remissions 
to dementia; it is attributed to injury. 

insatiable (in-sa'-she-ab-l) [insatiabilis, that which 
cannot be satisified]. Inordinately greedy; incapable 
of being satisfied, i. appetite. See bulimia. 

insatiability (in-sa-she-ab-iV -it-e) [in, not; satiare, 
to satisfy]. The property of being insatiable. See 
acoria. _ 

inscription (in-skrip'-shun). The body or main 
part of a prescription, which contains the drugs and 
amounts to be used. 

inscriptiones tendineae {in-skrip-she-o'-nez ten-din'- 
e-e). The linear transversa? of the rectus abdominis 
muscle. 

insect (in'-sekt) [in, into; secare, to cut]. Any 
member of the class of animals called Insecta. i.- 
powder, a powder employed to destroy or ward off 
insects, and consisting usually of the powdered 
flowers of species of Pyrethrum. 

insecticide (in-sek'-tis-id) [insect; cadere, to kill]. 
A substance that is destructive to insects. 

insectiform (in-sek'-tif-orm) [insectum, an insect; 
forma, form]. Resembling an insect. 

insemination (in-sem-in-a'-shun) [inseminare, to 
plant seed], i. The planting of seed. 2. The intro- 
duction of semen. 3- Impregnation. 

insenescence {in-sen-es'-ens) [insenescentia ; in, 
not, or upon; senex, old]. 1. Vigorous age; old age 
without its ordinary infirmities. 2. The approach 
of old age. 

insensible (in-sen'-sib-V) [in, not; sentire, to feel]. 
1. Incapable of being perceived or recognized by the 
senses. 2. Unconscious. 

insensibility (in-sens-ib-il'-it-e) [in, not; sentire, to 
feel]. The condition or state of being insensible; 
absence of consciousness; anesthesia. 

insertion (in-ser'-shuri) [inserere, to set in]. 1. The 
act of setting or placing in. 2. That which is set in. 
3. The point at which anything, as a muscle, is 
attached; the place or the mode of attachment of 
an organ to its support, i., velamentous, the attach- 
ment of the umbilical cord to the margin of the 
placenta. 

insidious (in-sid'-e-us) [insidice, ambush]. Coming 
on stealthily or imperceptibly, i. disease, one the 
onset of which is gradual or inappreciable. 

insipid (in-sip'-id) [insipidus, unsavory]. Taste- 
less. 

insitio dentis {in-sish'-e-o den'-tis). Implantation 
of a tooth. 

in situ {in si'-tu) [in, in; situs, position]. In a given 
or natural position. 

insolation {in-so-la'-shun) [in, in; sol, sun]. 1. Ex- 
posure to the rays of the sun. 2. Sunstroke or heat- 
stroke; a condition of prostration and fever due 
to exposure to the direct rays of the sun or to ex- 
treme heat. 

insoluble (in-sol'-u-bT) [in, not; solubilis, that can 
be loosed]. Incapable of being dissolved. 

insolubility (in-sol-u-bil'-it-e). The quality of 
being insoluble; lack of solubility. 

insomnia (in-som'-ne-ah) [in, not; somnus, sleep]. 
Want of sleep; inability to sleep. 

inspection (in-spek'-shun) [inspicere, to look]. 
In medicine, the examination of the body or any 
part of it by the eye. 

inspergation (in-sper-ga'-shun) [inspergere, to 
sprinkle upon]. The act of sprinkling or dusting 
with fine powder. 

inspersion (in-spur'-shun). See inspergation. 
inspiration (in-spir-a'-shun) [in, in; spirare, to 
breathe]. The drawing in of the breath. 

inspirator (in'-spir-a-tor) [in, in; spirare, to 
breathe]. An inhaler. 

inspiratory (in-spi'-ra-to-re) [see inspiration]. 
Pertaining to the act of inspiration. 

inspirometer (in-spi-rom'-et-er) [see inspiration; 
ixerpof, measure]. An instrument for measuring the 
amount of air inspired. 

inspissant (in-spis'-ant) [in, in; spissare, to thick- 
en]. 1. Tending to thicken; thickening the blood 



INSPISSATE 



466 



INTERCEREBRAL 



or other fluids. 2. An agent that tends to increase 
the thickness of the blood or some other fluid. 

inspissate {in'-spis-at) [inspissare, to thicken]. 
To make thick by evaporation or by absorption of 
fluid. 

instauration {in-staw-ra'-shun) [instauratio, re- 
newal]. The first appearance of a physiological 
condition; the establishment of a new function. 

instep {in'-step) [in, in; step]. The arch on the 
upper surface of the foot. 

instillation {in-stil-a' -shun) [instillare, to put in 
little by little]. The pouring of a liquid into a 
cavity drop by drop. 

instillator {in'-stil-a-tor) [instillare, to pour in by 
drops]. An instrument for pouring a liquid by drops. 

instinct {in'-stingkt) [instinguere, to impel]. A 
natural impulse, which, though unassociated with 
reason, prompts a useful act. 

instinctive {in-stingk'-tiv) [see instinct]. Prompted 
or determined by instinct; of the nature of instinct. 

institutes of medicine. The philosophy of the 
science of medicine, of physiology, pathology, thera- 
peutics, and hygiene, or the general and elementary 
principles of the same. The term is used sometimes 
as a synonym of physiology. 

instrument {in'-stroo-ment) [in, in; struere, to build]. 
Any mechanical tool or device used to assist in the 
performance of a certain act. 

instrumental {in-stroo-men'-tal) [instrument]. Per- 
taining to or performed with instruments, as instru- 
mental labor. 

instrumentarium {in-stroo-men-ta'-re-um) [L.]. A 
supply or collection of surgical, dental, or other 
instruments. 

instrumentation {in-stroo-men-ta'-shun) [instrument]. 
The care or employment of instruments. 

insuccation {in-suk-a' -shun) [in, into; succus, 
juice]. The steeping of a drug for a considerable 
time in water before using it in any pharmaceutical 
process. 

insufficiency {in-suf-fish'-en-se) [insufficiens, in- 
sufficient]. The state of being inadequate ; incapacity 
to perform a normal function, i. of the cardiac 
valves, imperfect closure of the valves, permitting 
regurgitation. Depending upon the valve affected, 
the insufficiency # may be aortic, mitral, tricuspid, 
or pulmonary, i. of a muscle, inability on a part 
of a muscle to contract "sufficiently to produce the 
normal effect. The term is applied especially to the 
eye muscles. Insufficiency of the externi, a condition 
in which the contraction of the externi muscles of the 
eye is weak and is overbalanced by that of the interni, 
producing esophoria. Insufficiency of the interni, 
defective power on the part of the interni muscles, 
producing exophoria. 

insufflation {in-suf-fta' '-shun) [in, in; sufflare, to 
puff]. The act of blowing into, as the insufflation 
of a powder into a cavity; also, the blowing of air 
into a cavity, as insufflation of the middle ear. 
i., mouth-to-mouth, the blowing of air into the 
mouth of a person, usually a newborn infant, to 
distend the lungs and counteract asphyxia. 

insufflator (in-suf -la-tor') [see insufflation]. An 
instrument for blowing air or powders into a cavity. 

insula (in'-su-lah) [L. "an island"]. 1. In ana- 
tomy, the island of Reil. 2. Any detached part or 
exclave of an organ. 3. A blood-islet, or island. 
See island. 

insular {in'-su-lar) [insula]. 1. Pertaining to tne 
island of Reil. 2. Isolated; occurring in patches. 
i. sclerosis. See sclerosis, multiple. 

insulate {in'-su-lat) [insula]. To isolate or separate 
from surroundings. In electricity, to surround a 
conductor with a nonconducting substance. 

insulation {in-su-la' -shun) [insulare, to make like 
an island]. The process of insulation; the state or 
quality of being insulated. 

insulator (in'-sil-la-tor) [insulatus, made into an 
island]. A nonconducting substance by means of 
which insulation is effected. 

insusceptibility (in-sus-sep-tib-il'-it-e) [insuscepti- 
bilis, not susceptible]. Absence of contagious qual- 
ity; want of susceptibility; immunity. 

integral {in'-te-gral) [integer, whole]. Entire; 
essential. 

integration {in-te-gra'-shun) [integralio, a renewing]. 
The blending of separate parts into one, as in the 
embryo; assimilation; anabolism. 

integrity {in-teg' -rit-e) [integer, whole]. Wholeness; 
entirety. Also, virginity. 



integument {in-teg' -U-ment) [in, upon; tegere, to 
cover]. A covering, especially the skin. L, fetal, 
the fetal membranes. 

integumentary (in-teg-u-men'-ta-re). Pertaining to 
the skin. 

intellect {in'-tel-ekt) [intellectus, understanding]. 
The mind or the reasoning power. 

intelligence (in-tel'-ij-ence). The understanding 
that comes from the perception of qualities and 
attributes of the objective world, and is manifested 
in the purposive employment of means to attain an 
end. 

intemperance (in-tem'-per-ans) [in, not; temper are, 
to moderate]. Want of moderation; immoderate 
indulgence, especially in alcoholic beverages. 

intemperant {in-tem'-per-ant). An intemperate 
person. 

intensification {in-ten-sif-ik-a' -shun) [see intensity]. 
The act of making intense or of increasing the 
strength of anything. 

intensity (in-ten'-sit-e) [intensus, stretched tight]. 
1. The state of being intense or high-strung. 2. The 
degree to which a force is capable of rising. 3. A 
high degree of energy or power. 

intensive (in-ten'-siv) [see intensity]. Gradually 
increased in force or intensity, as the intensive 
method of inoculation. 

intention (in-ten'-shun) [intentus, intend]. The 
end or purpose. See under healing, i.-tremor, a 
tremor coming on when attempts at voluntary 
motion are made. 

inter- (in-ter-) [inter, between]. A prefix signi- 
fying between. 

interaccessory (in-ter-ak-ses'-or-e) [inter-; accedere, 
to go to]. Situated between accessory processes 
of the vertebrae, i. muscles, short lumbar muscles 
connecting the accessory processes of the vertebrae. 

interacinous {in-ter -as' -in-us) [inter-; acinus, a 
berry]. Situated between acini. 

interangular (in-ter-ang'-gu-lar). Occurring be- 
tween angles. 

interannular (in-ter-an'-u-lar). Located between 
rings or constrictions. 

interarticular {in-ter-ar-tik'-u-lar) [inter-; articulus, 
a joint]. Situated between joints, i. fibre-cartilage, 
the flattened cartilaginous plates between the 
articular cartilages of certain joints. 

interarytenoid {in-ter-ar-it'-en-oid). Between the 
two arytenoid cartilages, i. muscle. See muscles, 
table of. 

interauricular {in-ter-aw-rik'-u-lar) [inter- ; auricula, 
auricle]. Situated between the auricles. 

interbody (in'-ter-bod-e). A substance found in 
blood-serum, corresponding to the amboceptor of a 
specific serum. 

interbrain {in'-ter-bran). See thalamencephalon. 

inter cadence {in-ter -ka' -dens) [inter-; cadere, to 
fall]. An irregular beating of the pulse, in which 
an additional beat is interposed between two pulsa- 
tions. 

intercadent {in-ter -ka' -dent). Exhibiting the qual- 
ity of intercadence. 

intercalary, intercalated {in-ter' -kal-a-re, in-ter'- 
kal-a-ted) [inter-; calare, to insert]. Placed or in- 
serted between. 

intercalatum {in-ter -kal-a' -turn) [inter-; calare, to 
insert]. Substantia nigra; locus niger; a dark mass 
of crescentic outline situated between the ventral 
crusta and the dorsal tegmentum of the crus 
cerebri. 

intercapillary {in-ter -kap'-il-a-re) [inter-; capillus, 
a hair]. Between capillaries. 

intercarotic {in-ter-kar-ot'-ik) . Same as inter carotid. 

intercarotid {in-ter -kar -of -id) [inter-; carotid]. 
Situated between the external and internal carotid 
arteries, as the intercarotid ganglion; see under 
ganglion. 

intercartilaginous {in-ter -kar -til-aj' -in-us). See in- 
terchondral. 

intercavernous {in-ter-kav-er'-nus) [inter-; caverna, 
a cave]. Situated between two antra, or between 
the two cavernous sinuses. 

intercellular {in-ter -sel' -u-lar) [inter-; cellula, a 
small Cell]. Between cells, as intercellular substance 
of tissue. 

intercentral {in-ter -sen' -tral) [inter-; centrum, a 
center]. Between nerve-centers. 

intercerebral {in-ter -ser'-e-bral) [inter-; cerebrum, 
cerebrum]. Between the right and left cerebral 
hemispheres. 



INTERCHONDRAL 



467 



IXTERMAXILLA 



interchondral (in-ter-kon'-dral) [inter-; xbvSpos, 
cartilage]. Between cartilages. 

intercidence {in-ter' -sid-enz). See inter cadence. 

intercident {in-ter' -sid-ent). i. See intercalary. 
2. See intercadent. 

intercilium {in-ter -sil' -e-um) . See glabella. 

interclavicular {in-ter -klav-ik' -u-lar) [inter-; clavi- 
cula, the collar-bone]. Between the clavicles. 

interclinoid (in-ter-kli'-noid) [inter-; kXiptj, bed; 
elSos, resemblance]. Between the clinoid processes 
of the sphenoid bone. 

intercoccygeal, intercoccygean {in-ter -kok-sij' -e-al, 
-an). Interposed between the coccygeal vertebra?. 

intercolumnar {in-ter-kol-um' -nar) [inter-; columna, 
-column]. Between pillars, as the intercolumnar 
fascia, between the pillars of the external abdominal 
ring. 

intercondylar, intercondyloid {in-ter-kon'-dil-ar, 
in-ter-kon' '-dil-oid) [inter-; condyle]. Between con- 
dyles, i. eminence, the spine or knob separating the 
two condylar portions of the tibia, i. fossa, the 
notch between the condyles of the femur, i. line, 
a transverse line crossing above the intercondyloid 
fossa, and joining the condyles, i. notch. Same as 
i. fossa. 

intercoronoideal {in-ter-kor-o-noid' -e-al) . Lying 
between the coronoid processes. 

intercostal (in-ter-kos'-tal) [inter-; costa, a rib]. 
Between the ribs. i. arteries, the arteries of the 
intercostal spaces. See under artery, i. muscles. 
See under muscle, i. nerves, the anterior divisions 
of the dorsospinal nerves, i. spaces, spaces between 
adjacent ribs. 

intercostales {in-ter-kos-ta'-lez). See muscles, 
table of. 

intercostohumeral {in-ter -kos-to-hu' -mer-aX) [inter- ; 
costa, rib; humerus]. Pertaining to the arm and the 
-space between the ribs, as the intercostohumeral nerve. 

intercourse (in'-ter-kors) [intercursus, commerce]. 
Communication, i., carnal, sexual connection; 
coitus, i. sexual. Same as i., carnal. 

intercoxal {in-ter-koks'-al) [inter-; coxa, hip]. 
Situated between the coxa? or hips. 

intercranial {in-ter-kra'-ne-al). Endocranial, re- 
lating to the interior of the skull or to the endo- 
cranium. 

intercricothyrotomy (in-ter-kri-ko-thi-rot'-o-me) . A 
cut into the larynx by transverse section of the 
cricothyroid membrane. 

intercristal {in-ter-kris' -tal) [inter-; crista, crest]. 
Between the surmounting ridges of a bone, organ, 
or process. 

intercrural {in-ter -kroo'-raV) [inter-; crus, the leg]. 
Situated between the legs or the crura. 

intercuneal, intercuneiform {in-ter -ku-ne'-al, in- 
ter -ku'-ne-e- form) [inter-; cuneus, a wedge]. Between 
the cuneiform bones. 

intercurrent {in-ter-kur'-ent) [inter-; currere, to 
run]. Occurring or taking place between, i. 
disease, a disease arising or progressing during the 
existence of another disease in the same person. 

intercus (in-ter'-kus) [L.; pi., intercutes], i. See 
anasarca. 2. Subcutaneous. 

intercutaneomucous {in-ter -ku-ta-ne-o-mu '-kus) . 
Between the skin and mucosa. 

intercutaneous {in-ter -ku-ta'-ne-us). Subcutaneous. 

interdeferential {in-ter-def-er-en'-shal). Between 
the vasa deferentia. 

interdental {in-ter -den' -tal) [inter-; dens, a tooth], 
i. Between the teeth. 2. An interdentium. i. 
splint, a splint used in fracture of the jaw, consisting 
of a metallic frame at the neck of the teeth, held 
by wire sutures passing between the teeth. 

interdentium {in-ter-den'-she-um) [inter-; dens, a 
tooth]. The space between any two of the teeth. 

interdiction {in-ter-dik' -shun) [interdictio, a pro- 
hibiting]. A judicial or legal process that deprives 
an insane person or one suspected of insanity of the 
management of his own affairs or of the affairs of 
others. 

interdigital (in-ter-dij'-it-al) [inter-; digitus, a 
finger]. Between the fingers. 

interdigitation {in-ter-dij-it-a'-shun) [see inter- 
digital]. The locking or dovetailing of similar parts, 
as the fingers of one hand with those of the other; 
or of the ends of the obliquus externus muscle with 
those of the serratus magnus. In dentistry, denot- 
ing that in closure of the buccal teeth the cusps of 
one denture strike fairly into the occluding sulci of 
the other denture. 



intereruptive (in-ter-e-rup'-liv). Between two out- 
breaks of eruption. 

interfascicular {in-ter-fas-ik' -u-lar) [inter-; fasci- 
culus, a bundle]. Situated between fasciculi. 

interfemoral {in-ter-fem'-or-al) [inter-; femur, the 
thigh]. Between the femora or thighs. 

interfere (in-ter-fer') [inter-; ferire, to strike]. 
In horses, to strike one hoof or the shoe of one hoof 
against the opposite leg or fetlock. 

interference {in-ter-fe'-rens) [inter-; ferire, to 
strike]. The act of interfering or preventing, i. of 
light, the mutual neutralization of w T aves of light, 
when the crest of one wave falls upon the trough of 
another, i. of sound, the neutralization of two 
sound-waves, one by the other. 

interfibrillar {in-ter -fi'-bril-ar) [inter-; fibrilla, a 
small fiber]. Situated between the fibrils of tissues. 

interfilar {in-ter -fi'-lar) [inter-; filum, a thread]. 
Existing between the filaments of a reticulum. 

interfollicular {in-tur-fol-ik' -u-lar). Between two 
follicles. 

interganglionic {in-ter-gan-gle-on'-ik) [inter-; yay- 
y\Lov, a ganglion]. Connecting one ganglion with 
another; lying between ganglia. 

interglandular {in-ter -gland' -u-lar) [inter-; glandula, 
a gland]. Situated between glands. 

interglobular {in-ter -glob' -u-lar) [inter-; globulus, a 
ball]. Situated between globules, i. spaces, irregu- 
lar cavities seen in a section of dentine, after the 
earthy matter has been removed by putting a tooth 
in dilute acid. They are so called because surrounded 
by minute globules of dentine. 

intergluteal {in-ter-gloo'-te-aV). Between the but- 
tocks. 

intergonial {in-ter - go' -ne-al) [inter-; yuvla, an angle]. 
Between the two gonia (angles of the lower jaws). 

intergranular {in-tur-gr an' -u-lar) [inter-; granulum, 
a small grain]. Between granules. 

intergyral {in-ter -ji'-ral) [inter-; gyrus, a gyre]. 
Situated between two or more gyri. 

interhemal {in-ter -hem' -aV) [inter-; at/xa, blood]. 
Between the hemal arches or spines. 

interhemicerebral {in-ter -hem-e-ser'-e-bral) [inter-; 
vm, half; cerebrum, cerebrum]. Situated between 
the cerebral hemispheres. 

interhemispheric {in-ter-hem-is-fer'-ik) [inter-; j/u, 
half; <70aipa, sphere]. Situated between hemispheres. 

interhuman {in-ter -hu' -man) [inter-; humanus, 
human]. Applied to infection transmitted from 
one human being to another. 

interinhibitive {in-ter -in-hib'-it-iv) [inter-; inhibere, 
to inhibit]. Mutually inhibitory. 

interjected {in-ter -j ect' -ed) [interjicere, to cast 
between]. Same as interposed. 

interjectional {in-ter-jek' -shun-aV) [inter-; jacere, 
to throw]. Interjected; thrown between, i. speech, 
the expression of emotions by inarticulate sounds. 

inter jugal {in-ter-joo'-gal) [inter-; jugum, a yoke]. 
Between the jugal processes of the skull. 

interlabial {in-ter-la'-be-al) [inter-; labium, lip]. 
Between the lips, or between the labia. 

interlamellar {in-ter -lam-el' -ar) [inter-; lamella, a. 
layer]. Between lamella?. 

interlarninar {in-ter -lam' -in-ar) [inter-; lamina, a 
leaf]. Situated between lamina?. 

interligamentous {in-ter -lig-a-ment' -us) [inter-; liga- 
mentum, a ligament]. Between ligaments. 

interlobar {in-ter -lo' -bar) [inter-; lobus, a lobe]. 
Situated between lobes, as interlobar pleurisy. 

interlobular {in-ter -lob' -u-lar) [inter-; lobulus, a 
lobule]. Between lobules. 

intermalar {in-ter -ma' -lar) [inter-; mala, the cheek- 
bone]. Situated between the malar bones. 

intermalleolar {in-ter-mal-e'-o-lar). Between the 
malleoli. 

intermammary {in-ter-mam' -ar-e) [inter-; mamma, 
breast]. Between the breasts. 

intermammillary {in-ter-mam' -il-ar-e) [inter-; mam- 
milla, nipple, breast]. Between the nipples; between 
the breasts. 

intermarginal {in-ter -mar '-jin-al) [inter-; mar go, 
a margin]. Lying between two margins. 

intermarriage {in-ter -mar' -aj) [inter-; marriage]. 
i. Marriage between persons related by consanguin- 
ity. 2. Marriage between persons of different races. 

intermastoid {in-ter -mas' -toid^) [inter-; fiaaros, 
breast; eI5os, likeness]. Situated between or con- 
necting the two mastoid processes. 

intermaxilla {in-ter -maks-il' -ah) [inter-; maxilla, 
jaw]. The premaxilla; the intermaxillary bone. 



INTERMAXILLARY 



468 



INTERRADIAL 



intermaxillary (in-ter-maks'-il-a-re) [inter-; maxilla, 
jaw-bone]. Between the maxillary bones, i. bone, 
the small bone that receives the incisors, situated 
between the superior maxillary bones of the fetus. 

intermediary amputation (in-ter-me'-de-a-re). Am- 
putation during the inflammatory fever, i. body. 
See intermediate body. i. hemorrhage, hemorrhage 
following a primary hemorrhage, i. nerve, the nerve 
of Wrisberg; see under nerve. 

intermediate (in-ter-me'-de-at) [inter-; medius, 
middle]. Situated between, i. body, the comple- 
mentary substance essential to the proper perfor- 
mance of a physiological function — such as enabling 
the "end-body" or bactericidal substance to combine 
with the bacteria in typhoid in the production of 
immunity. Cf. body, immune. 

intermediolateral (in-ter-me-de-o-lat'-er-al) [inter-; 
medius, middle; lotus, side]. Both lateral and 
intermediate, as the intermediolateral tract of the 
spinal cord, lying between the anterior and posterior 
horns. 

intermedium (in-ter-me'-de-um) [inter-; medius, the 
middle; pi., intermedia], I. Any intermediary sub- 
stance. 2. In pharmacy, an emulsifying or suspend- 
ing ingredient. 

intermembral iin-ter-mem'-bral) [inter-; membrum, 
a limb]. Existing between the members or limbs of 
an organism. 

intermembranous (in-ter-mem'-bran-us). Lying 
between membranes. 

intermeningeal (in-ter-men-in'-je-al) [inter-; tmvvyji, 
membrane]. Between the dura and the arachnoid, 
or between the latter and the pia. i. hemorrhage, a 
hemorrhage between the meninges of the brain or 
spinal cord. 

intermenstrual (in-ter-men'-stroo-al) [inter-; mensis, 
month]. Between the menstrual periods. 

interment (in-ter'-ment) [in, in; terra, the earth]. 
The burial of the body. 

intermesenteric (in-ter-mes-en-ter'-ik). Between 
the mesenteries. 

intermesoblastic (in-ter-mes-o-blast'-ik). Between 
the layers or between the lateral plates of the meso- 
blast. 

intermetacarpal (in-ter-met-a-kar'-pal) [inter- ; meta- 
carpus]. Between the metacarpal bones. 

intermetatarsal (in-ter-met-at-ar'-sal). Between 
the metatarsal bones. 

intermission (in-ter-mish'-un) [see intermittent]. 
An interval, as between the paroxysms of a fever 
or between the beats of the pulse. 

intermittent (in-ter-mit'-ent) [inter-; mittere, to 
send or occur]. Occurring at intervals; charac- 
terized by intermissions or intervals, as intermittent 
fever, intermittent insanity, intermittent pulse, inter- 
mittent sterilization. 

intermural (in-ter-mu'-ral) [inter-; murus, a wall]. 
Occurring or lying between the walls of an organ. 

intermuscular (in-ter-mus'-ku-lar) [inter- ; musculus, 
a muscle]. Situated between muscles. 

intern (in' -tern) [Fr., interne]. An in-door or 
resident physician in a hospital; a member of an 
in-door staff of physicians. 

internal (in-ter'-nal) [internus, inward]. Situated 
within or on the inside, i. capsule, the band of 
white nerve-matter between the optic thalamus 
and caudate nucleus on the inner, and the lenticular 
nucleus on the outer, side. It is the continuation of 
the crus cerebri, and consists of an anterior and a 
posterior limb joined at an angle, termed the knee. 
It is composed of fibers coming from and going to 
the cortex cerebri, i. ear, the labyrinth, q. v. i. 
medicine, that branch of medicine which treats of 
diseases which can not be treated surgically, i. 
oblique. See obliquus internus under muscle. _ i. rec- 
tus. See rectus internus under muscle, i. resistance. 
See resistance, internal. 

internarial (in-ter-na'-re-al) [inter-; nares, nostrils]. 
Situated between the nostrils. 

internasal (in-ter-na'-zal) [inter-; nasus, the nose]. 
Between the nasal bones. 

interne (in'-tern) . Same as intern, q. v. 

interneural (in-ter-nu'-ral) [inter-; vevpov, nerve]. 
Situated between neural spines. 

interneuronal (in-tur-nu'-ron-al). Between neu- 
rons. 

internist (in-ter'-nist). A physician, in contradis- 
tinction to a surgeon. 

internodal (in-ter-no'-dal). Situated between two 
nodes. See internode. 



internode (in'-ter-nod) [inter-; nodus, a knot]. The 
space between two nodes of a nerve-fiber, as the 
internode between the nodes of Ranvier. Syn., 
internodal segment. 

internuclear (in-ter-nu'-kle-ar) [inter-; nucleus, a 
kernel]. Situated between nuclei. 

internuncial (in-ter-nun'-she-al) [inter-; nuncius, a 
messenger]. Serving as a connecting or announcing 
medium, as internuncial fibers, nerve-fibers con- 
necting nerve-cells. 

internus (in-ter'-nus). i. See internal. 2. The 
rectus internus muscle of the eye. 

interol (in'-ter-ol). Trade name of a mineral oil 
used to lubricate the intestinal tract. 

interolivary (in-tur-ol'-iv-a-re). Between the olives. 

interoptic (in-ter-op'-tik) [inter-; -opticus, optic]. 
Between the optic lobes, tracts or nerves of the brain. 

interorbital (in-ter-or'-bit-al) [inter-; orbita, the 
orbit]. Situated between the orbits. 

interosseal (in-ter-os'-e-al). Same as interosseous. 

interosseous (in-ter-os'-e-us) [inter-; os, a bone]. 
Between bones, as interosseous arteries, membranes, 
muscles, or nerves. 

interpalpebral (in-ter-paV -pe-bral) [inter-; palpebra, 
the eyelid]. Between the palpebrae. i. spot. See 
Pinguecula, i. zone, that part of the cornea and of 
the scleral conjunctiva that ordinarily is not covered 
by the lids. 

interpapillary (in-ter-pap'-il-a-re) [inter-; papilla, 
a papilla]. Between papilla. 

interparietal (in-ter-par-i'-e-tal) [inter-; paries, a 
wall]. Between walls; between the parietal bones, as 
interparietal suture; between parts of the parietal 
lobe, as interparietal fissure, i. bone, a name some- 
times given to the upper, squamous, and non- 
cartilaginous part of the occipital bone. i. fissure. 
See fissure, i. suture, the sagittal suture, or that 
formed by the approximation of the parietal bones. 

inter paroxysmal (in-tur-par-oks-iz'-mal). Between 
paroxysms. 

interpeduncular (in-ter-pe-dung'-kii-lar) [inter-; 
Pedunculus, a little foot]. Situated between the 
cerebral or cerebellar peduncles, i. space, the pons 
Tarini, or posterior perforated space that forms the 
posterior portion of the floor of the third ventricle. 

interpellated, interpellatus (in-ter-pel-a'-ted, in-ter- 
Pel-a'-tus) [interpellare, to interrupt]. Applied by 
Paracelsus to diseases marked by irregular paroxysms. 

interphalangeal (in-ter-fa-lan'-je-al) [inter-; 4>6.\ay£, 
a finger]. Between the fingers or the toes. 

interpial (in-ter-pi'-al). Between the layers of the 
pia. 

interplacental (in-ter-plas-en'-tal) [inter-; placenta]. 
Between the placental lacunae. 

interpleuricostal (in-ter-ploo-re-kos'-tal). Between 
the pleura and ribs. i. muscles, the internal pleuri- 
costal muscles. 

inter polar (in-ter-po'-lar). 1. See intrapolar. 
2. Between the poles of an electric battery; applied 
to the effect of the current acting through the whole 
region of the body between the two poles as con- 
trasted with the polar effect taking place at the 
point of application of the electrode. 

interpolated (in-ter'-po-la-ted). See intercalary. 

interpolation (in-ter-po-la'-shun) [interpolare, to 
furbish up]. The surgical transfer of tissue to a new 
part, or from one subject to another. 

interposition (in-ter-po-zish'-uri) [inter positio, ^ a 
placing between]. The development of anatomical 
structures between existing ones. 

interpositum (in-ter-pos'-it-um). Same as velum 
nterpositum, q. v. 

interprotometamere (in-ter-pro-to-met'-a-mer) [in- 
ter-; irpuros, first; nerd, among; nkpos, a part]. The 
part lying between the primary segments of the 
embryo. 

interproximal (in-ter-prok'-sim-al) [inter-; proximus, 
next]. Between adjoining surfaces. 

inter proximate (in-ter-prok'-sim-at). In dentistry,, 
the space between two adjacent teeth. 

interpterion (in-ter-te'-re-on) [inter-; pterion, a. 
craniometric point]. Between the pteria. 

interpterygoid (in-ter-ter'-e-goid). Lying between, 
the pterygoid processes. 

interpubic (in-ter-pu'-bik) [inter-; pubis]. Situated 
between the pubic bones. 

interpyramidal (in-ter-pir-am'-id-al). Between 
the pyramids. 

interradial (in-ter-ra' '-de-al) [inter-; radius, a ray].. 
Situated between two rays. 



INTERRAMAL 



469 



INTRA- 



interramal {in-ter -r a' -mat). Between the rami of 
the mandible. 

interrenal {in-ter -re'-nal) [inter-; ren, the kidney]. 
Situated between the kidneys. 

interrupted (in-ter-up'-ted) [see interrupter]. Dis- 
continuous; broken; irregular. 

interrupter {in-ter -up' -ter) [interrumpere, to break 
apart]. That which interrupts; specifically, a device 
for breaking an electric current. 

interscapular {in-ter -skap'-u-lar) [inter-; scapula, 
the shoulder-blade]. Between the shoulder-blades. 

interscapulum {in-ter-skap'-u-lum) [inter-; scapulae, 
shoulder-blades: pi., inter scapula). i. The region 
of the back between the shoulder-blades. 2. Bartho- 
lin's name for the spine of the scapula. 3. A fossa 
on the dorsal aspect of the scapula. 

inter sigmoid {in-ter -sig' -moid). Pertaining to the 
space in the loop of the sigmoid. 

interspace {in'-ter-spas) [inter-; spatium, a space]. 
An interval between the ribs, or between the fibers 
or lobules of a tissue or organ. 

interspinal {in-ter -spi'-nal) [inter-; spina, a spine]. 
Between spines; specifically, between the spines of the 
vertebra?, i. muscles. See muscles, table of. 

interspinous (in-ter-spi'-nus) [inter-; spina, a 
spine]. Situated between spinous processes, as of 
the vertebrae. 

interstices {in-ter' -stis-ez) [inter stitium, a space 
between]. _ Spaces or intervals; also, pores. 

interstitial {in-ter -stish'-al) [see interstices]. 1. Sit- 
uated between important parts; occupying the 
interspaces or interstices of a part. 2. Pertaining 
to the interstitial or connective tissue, i. inflamma- 
tion, inflammation of the interstitial or connective 
tissue, i. keratitis. See keratitis, interstitial, i. 
kink, an abnormal angulation in or constriction of 
the intestine, resulting in a narrowing of the lumen 
and delay in the progress of the feces, i. nephritis. 
See nephritis, interstitial, i. pneumonia. See pneu- 
monia, interstitial, i. pregnancy, pregnancy in the 
Fallopian tube where it passes through the uterine 
wall. i. tissue, the intercellular connective tissue. 

intersuperciliary {in-ter-su-per-sil'-e-a-re). Be- 
tween the superciliary ridges. 

intersystole {in-ter-sis'-to-le). The interval be- 
tween the end of the auricular systole and the be- 
ginning of the ventricular one. 

intertarsal (in-ter-tar'-sal). Located between 
adjacent tarsal bones. 
intertragicus {in-ter-traj'-k-ius). See musclse table of. 

intertransversales {in-ter-trans-ver-sa'-les) [see inter- 
transverse]. Short bundles of muscular fibers ex- 
tending between the transverse processes of contigu- 
ous vertebrae. 

intertransverse {in-ter -trans-vers') [inter-; irans- 
versus, turned across]. Connecting the transverse 
processes of contiguous vertebrae. 

intertriginous {in-ter -trij'-in-us) [inter-; terere, to 
rub]. Of the nature of or affected with intertrigo. 

intertrigo {in-ter -tri' -go) [inter-; terere, to rub]. 
An erythematous eruption of the skin produced by 
friction of adjacent parts, i. ani, i. podicis, chafing 
of the anus. 

intertrochanteric {in-ter -tro-kan-ter' -ik) [inter-; tro- 
chanter]. Between the trochanters, i. line. See 
line, intertrochanteric. 

intertubular {in-ter -tu' -bu-lar) [inter-; tubulus, a 
tube]. Between tubes, i. substance, the translu- 
cent, granular substance of the dentine of the tooth. 

interureteric {in-ter-u-re-ter'-ik) [inter-; ovprjrrjp, 
ureter]. Situated between the ureters. 

interuteroplacental {in-ter-u-ter-o-plas-ent'-aV). Be- 
tween the uterus and the placenta. 

intervaginal {in-ter -vaj' -in-al) [inter, between; 
vagina, sheath]. Between sheaths, i. space, that 
found within the sheaths of the optic nerve. 

interval {in'-ter-val) [inter-; vallum, a rampart]. 
A space or lapse, either of time or distance, as the 
interval between the paroxysms of a fever, i., cardio- 
aortic, the interval between the apex-beat and the 
arterial pulse, i. focal, the distance between the 
anterior and posterior focal points. 

intervallary {in-ter -val'-a-re) [see interval]. Occur- 
ring between paroxysms of a disease. 

intervascular {in-ter -vas'-ku-lar) [inter-; vasculum, 
a small vessel]. Located between vessels. 

interventricular {in-ter -ven-trik'-u-lar) [inter-; ven- 
triculum, a ventricle]. Situated between ventricles. 
i. septum, the partition between the ventricles of the 
heart. 



interversion {in-ter-ver' -shun) [inter-; verier e, to 
turn]. Evolution. 

intervertebral {in-ter-ver' -te-bral) [inter-; vertebra, 
a bone of the spine]. Between the vertebrae, i. 
discs, the discs of fibrocartilage between the adjacent 
surfaces of the bodies of the vertebrae, i. foramen. 
See foramen, intervertebral, i. notch, the notch at 
the base of the pedicle on the sides of the body of 
each vertebra, i. substance. Same as i. discs. 

intervillous {in-ter -vil' -us) [inter-; villus, a tuft of 
hair]. Situated between villi. 

interzonal {in-ter-zo'-nal) [inter-; zona, zone]. 
In dentistry, applied to the line between enamel and 
dentine, at the periphery of the latter. 

intestin {in-tes'-tin). See bismuthnaphthalin ben- 
zoate. 

intestinal {in-tes' -tin-al) [see intestine]. Pertaining 
to the intestine, i. absorption, the absorption of the 
products of digestion by the capillaries, veins, and 
lacteals of the mucous membrane of the intestine. 
i. anastomosis. See anastomosis, intestinal, i. canal, 
the entire intestinal passage from the beginning of 
the duodenum to the anus. i. concretion. See 
enterolith, i. juice, the secretion of the intestinal 
glands, a pale-yellow fluid, alkaline in reaction, having 
a specific gravity of ion, and possessing diastasic 
and proteolytic properties. It also, to a certain 
extent, emulsifies and decomposes fats. Syn., succus 
entericus. i. obstruction, arrest of or interference 
with the progress of the feces, i. stasis, constipation. 

intestine {in-tes'-tin) [intestinum, intestine, from 
intus, within]. The part of the digestive tube 
extending from the beginning of the pylorus to the 
anus. It consists of the small and large intestine. 
The former is about 6f meters (20 feet) in length, 
and extends from the pylorus to its junction with the 
large intestine at the cecum. Three divisions are 
described — the duodenum, 22 cm. long, is the most 
important; the jejunum, 2.2 meters long, and the 
ileum, 4 meters long. The large intestine is about 
•1.6 meters (5 feet) long, and consists of the cecum 
(with the vermiform appendix), the colon, and the 
rectum. The wall of the intestine is made up of four 
coats — a serous, muscular, submucous, and mucous. 
Embedded in the wall are minute glands, and pro- 
jecting from the surface, in the small intestine, are the 
villi. The function of the intestine is to continue and 
complete the changes begun in the mouth and 
stomach and to remove the waste-matter, or feces. 

intestinulum {in-tes-tin' -u-lum) [L., a small intes- 
tine; pi., intestinula). 1. The small intestine. 2. A 
cerebral convolution or gyrus. 3- The umbilical 
cord or navel-string. 

intestinum {in-tes-ti'-num) [see intestine], i., 
caecum, the caecum, i. crassum, the large intestine. 
i. ileum, the ileum, i. jejunum, the jejunum, i. 
rectum, the rectum, i. tenue, the small intestine. 
i. tenue mesenteriale, that portion of the small 
intestine which has a mesentery, namely the jejunum 
and ileum. 

intima {in'-tim-ah) [intimus, inmost]. The inner- 
most^ the three coats of a blood-vessel. 

intimal {in'-tim-al). Pertaining to the intima. 

intimitis {in-tim-i'-tis). Inflammation of an intima. 

intoe {in' -to). Hallux valgus. 

intoeing {in-to'-ing). A condition in which a 
person (usually a child) walks, with the toes pointing 
inward, so that when he attempts to run he trips over 
his feet or falls. 

intolerance {in-tol'-er-ans) [in, not; tolerare, to 
bear]. Want of endurance or ability to stand pain. 
Impatience. Also, the inability to endure the action 
of a medicine, i. of light. See photophobia. 

intonation {in-to-na' -shun) [intonare, to thunder]. 
1. The tone of the voice. 2. The rumbling or 
gurgling sound produced by the movement of flatus 
in the bowels. 

intort {in' -tort). To turn inward. 

intoxicant {in-toks'-ik-ant) [intoxicare, to intoxi- 
cate]. 1. Intoxicating; capable of producing intoxi- 
cation or poisoning. 2. A drug or agent capable of 
producing intoxication. 

intoxication {in-toks-ik-a'-shun) [in, in; to£ik6v, 
poison]. 1. Poisoning. 2. The acute state produced 
by overindulgence in alcohol. 

intoxications {in-toks-ik-a' -shuns) [see intoxication]. 
A general name for the group of diseases due to 
the administration of poisons generated entirely 
outside of the body. 

intra- {in-trah-) . A prefix signifying within or during. 



INTRA-ABDOMINAL 



470 



INTRASPINAL 



intra-abdominal (in-lrah-ab-dom'-in-al) [intra-; ab- 
domen]. Within the cavity of the abdomen. 

intra-acinar, intra-acinous (in-trah-as'-in-ar, -us) 
[intra- ; acinus, a berry]. Situated or occurring with- 
in an acinus. 

intra-arachnoid (in-trah-ar-ak'-noid). Within or 
underneath the arachnoid. 

intra-arterial (in-trah-ar-te'-re-al). See endarterial. 

intra-articular (in-trah-ar-tik'-u-lar) [intra-; articu- 
lus, a joint]. Within a joint. 

intrabronchial (in-trah-brong'-ke-al). Within a 
bronchus. 

intracapsular (in-trah-kap'-su-lar) [intra-; capsula, 
a capsule]. Within the capsular ligament of a joint, 
as intracapsular fracture. 

intracardiac (in-trah-kar'-de-ak) [intra-; KapSLa, 
heart]. Situated or produced within the heart 
cavity. 

intracartilaginous (in-trah-kar-til-aj'-in-us) [intra- ; 
cartilago, cartilage]. Within a cartilage, as intra- 
cartilaginous ossification; endochondral. 

intracellular (in-trah-sel'-u-lar) [intra-; cellula, a 
little cell]. Within a cell. 

intracerebellar (in-trah-ser-e-bel'-ar). Within the 
cerebellum. 

intracerebral (in-trah-ser'-e-bral) [intra-; cerebrum]. 
Within the cerebrum. 

intracervical (in-trah-ser'-vik-al) [intra-; cervix]. 
Within the cervical canal of the uterus, or any other 
cervical canal. 

intraciliary (in-trah-sil'-e-a-re) [intra-; cilium, an 
eye-lashj. Situated within the ciliary region. 

intracisor (in-trah-si'-zor) [intra-; cadere, to cut]. 
A hemostatic forceps which cuts or crushes the 
intima of an artery and removes the necessity of 
a ligature. 

iatra.colic(in-lrah-kol'-ik). Within the colon. 

intracranial {in-trah-kra'-ne-al) [intra-; icpaviov. 
the skull]. Wi.thin the skull. 

intracutaneous (in-trah-ku-ta'-ne-us) [intra-; cutis, 
the skin]. Within the skin-substance. 

intracystic (in-trah-sis'-tik) [intra-; /cixrm, a cyst]. 
Situated or occurring within a cyst or bladder. 

intrad {in' -trad). See entad. 

intradermic (in-trah-der'-mik) [intra-; bkpixa, skin]. 
Within the skin. 

intradural (in-trah-du'-ral) [intra-; dura]. Situ- 
ated or occurring within the dura. 

intraepidermal, intraepidermic (in-trah-ep-i-derm'- 
al, -ik). Within the substance of the epidermis. 

intra-epithelial (in-tra-ep-e-the'-le-al). Within the 
epithelium. 

intraf aradization (in-trah-far-ad-i-za'-shun). Fara- 
dization applied to the inner surface of a body- 
cavity. 

intraf ascicular (in-tra-fas-ik'-u-lar). Within a 
fascicle. 

intraf etation (in-trah-fe-ta'-shun) [intra-; fetus]. 
The formation of a fetus within another fetus. 

intrafilar (in-trah-fi'-lar) [intra-; filum, thread]. 
Situated within the meshes of a network, i. mass. 
The paramitome, q. v. 

intrafistular (in-tra-fis'-tu-lar). Within a fistula. 

intrafusal (in-trah-fu'-zal) [intra-; fusus, a spindle]. 
Pertaining to the striated muscular fibers contained 
in a muscle-spindle. 

intragalvanization (in-trah-gal-van-i-za'-shun). The 
application of galvanism to the inner surface of an 
organ. 

intragastric (in-trah-gas'-trik). Located or occur- 
ring within the stomach. 

intraglandular (in-trah-glan'-dil-lar). Within a 
gland. 

intraglobular (in-trah-glob'-u-lar). Within a blood- 
corpuscle; intracorpuscular. 

intragyral (in-trah-ji'-ral) [intra-; gyrus, a gyre]. 
Within a gyre of the brain. 

intrahepatic (in-trah-he-pat'-ik) [intra-; rjv ap, liver]. 
Within the liver-substance. 

intrajugular (in-trah-joo'-gu-lar). Within or inter- 
nal to the jugular foramen, vein, or process. 

intralamellar (in-trah-lam-el'-ar) [intra-; lamella, a 
thin plate]. Within the lamellae. 

intralaryngeal {in-trah-lar-in'-je-al). Within the 
larynx. 

intraligamentous (in-trah-lig-am-en'-tus) [intra- ; 
ligamentum, a ligament]. Within or between the 
folds of a ligament, as an intraligamentous cyst. 

intralingual {in-trah-ling'-gwal) [intra-; lingua, 
tongue]. Within the substance of the tongue. 



intralobular (in-trah-lob'-u-lar) [intra-; lobulus, a 
little lobe]. Within a lobule, as the intralobular vein 
of the liver. 

intralocular (in-trah-lok'-ii-lar). Within the loculi 
of a structure. 

intramammary (in-trah-mam'-ar-e). Within the 
breast. 

intramarginal (in-trah-mar'-jin-al). Located within 
a margin. 

intramastoiditis (in-trah-mas-toid-i'-tis). See endo- 
mastoiditis. 

intramatrical (in-trah-maf '-rik-al) . Inside of a 
matrix. 

intramedullary (in-trah-med'-u-lar-e) [intra-; med- 
ulla, marrow]. Within the medulla. 

intramembranous (in-trah-mem'-bran-us) [intra-; 
membrana, a membrane]. Developed or taking 
place within a membrane, as intramembranous 
ossification. 

intrameningeal (in-trah-men-in'-je-al) [intra- ; p.rjviy^, 
membrane]. Situated within the substance of 
the membranes of the brain or spinal cord. 

intramural (in-trah-mu'-ral) [intra-; murus, a wall]. 
Within the substance of the walls of an organ, as- 
intramural fibroid of the uterus. 

intramuscular (in-trah-mus'-ku-lar) [intra-; muscu- 
lus, a muscle]. Within the substance of a muscle. 

intramolecular (in-trah-mo-lek'-u-lar) [intra-; mole- 
cula, a molecule]. Within the molecules of a sub- 
stance. 

intramyocardial (in-trah-mi-o-kar'-de-al). Within 
the myocardium. 

intranasal (in-trah-na'-sal) [intra-; nasus, nose]. 
Within the cavity of the nose. 

intranatal (in-trah-na'-tal). Occurring during: 
birth, or at the time of birth. 

intraneural (in-trah-nu'-ral). Within a nerve. 

intranuclear (in-trah-nu'-kle-ar) [intra-; nucleus, a 
kernel]. Within a nucleus. 

intraocular (in-trah-ok'-u-lar) [intra-; oculus, eye J 
Within the globe of the eye, as intraocular hemor- 
rhage. 

intraoral (in-trah-or'-al) [intra-; os, oris, a mouth]. 
Within the mouth. 

intraorbital (in-trah-or'-bit-al) [intra- ; orbita, orbit]. 
Within the orbit. 

intraosseous {in-trah-os'-e-us) [intra-; os, ossis, a 
bone]. Within the substance of a bone. 

intraovarian (in-trah-o-va'-re-an) [intra-; ovarium, 
ovary]. Within the ovarian stroma. 

intraparenchymatous (in-trah-par-en-ki'-mat-us} 
[intra-; parenchyma]. Within the parenchyma; be- 
tween the elements of a tissue. 

intraparietal (in-trah-par-i'-e-tal) [intra-; paries, a 
wall]. I. Within the wall of an organ. 2. Within 
the parietal region of the cerebrum, as the intra- 
parietal fissure. 

intra partum (in'-trah par' -turn) [L.]. During child- 
birth or delivery. 

intrapelvic (in-trah-pel'-vik) [intra-; pelvis, basin]. 
Within the pelvic cavity. 

intraperitoneal (in-trah-per-it-on-e'-al) [intra-; peri- 
toneum]. Within the peritoneum. 

intrapial (in-trah-pi' -tal) . Within the pia mater. 

intraplacental (in-trah-plas-en'-tal) [intra-; pla- 
centa]. Within the placental tissue. 

intrapleural (in-trah-ploo'-ral) [intra-; pleura]. 
Within the pleural cavity. 

intrapolar (in-trah-po'-lar) [intra-; polus, pole]. 
Between two poles. 

intrapontine (in-trah-pon'-tln) [intra-; pons]. Situ- 
ated within the pons Varolii. 

intrapulmonary (in-trah-pul'-mon-a-re) [intra-; pul- 
monary]. Within the substance of the iung. 

intrapyretic (in-trah-pi-ret'-ik) [intra-; irvperds^ 
feverish]. Occurring during the febrile stage. 

intrarachidian (in-trah-rak-id'-e-an). Intraspinal. 

intrarectal (in-trah-rek'-tal). Within the rectum. 
intrarenal (in-trdh-re'-nal) [intra-; ren, kidney]. 
Within the kidney. 

intraretinal (in-trah-rel'-in-al) [intra-; retina].. 
Within the substance of the retina. 

intrarrhachidian (in-trar-rak-id'-e-an). Intra- 
spinal. 

intrascleral (in-trah-skle' -ral) [intra-; sclera]. Situ- 
ated, occurring, or performed within the sclera. 

intrascrotal (in-trah-skro'-tal) [intra-; scrotum]* 
Within the scrotal sac. 

intraspinal (in-trah-spi'-nal) [intra-; spina, spine]. 
Within the spinal canal. 



INTRATESTICULAR 



471 



INVERTIN 



intratesticular (in-trah-tes-tik'-u-lar). Within the 
testicle. 

intrathoracic (in-trah-tho-ras'-ik) [intra-; dwpa£, 
chest]. Situated or occurring within the thorax. 

intratonsillar (in-trah-ton-sil'-ar). Situated within 
the tonsil. 

intratubal (in-trah-tii'-bal) [intra-; tuba, a trumpet]. 
Within a Fallopian tube. 

intratympanic {in-trah-tim-pan'-ik) [intra-; tym- 
panum]. Within the tympanic cavity. 

intraurethral (in-trah-u-rl'-thal) [intra-; urethra]. 
Within the_ urethra. 

intrauterine (in-trah-u'-ter-in) [intra-; uterus]. 
Within the uterus. 

intravaginal (in-trah-vaj'-in-al) . Within the vagina. 

intravasation (in-trav-as-a'-shun) [intra-; vas, 
vessel]. The entrance of extraneous matter, as pus, 
into a blood-vessel. Cf. extravasation. 

intravascular (in-trah-vas'-ku-lar) [intra- ; vasculum, 
a small vessel]. Within the blood-vessels. 

intravenous (in-trah-ve'-nus) [intra-; vena, a vein]. 
Within or into the veins, i. injection, the intro- 
duction of a solution directly into a vein. 

intraventricular (in-trah-ven-trik'-u-lar). Located 
or occurring within a ventricle. 

intravertebral (in-trah-ver-te' -bral) [intra-; vertebra]. 
Same as intraspinal. 

intravesical (in-trah-ves'-ik-aV) [intra-; vesica, 
bladder]. Within the bladder. 

intravillous (in-trah-vil'-us). Situated within a 
villus. 

intravital, intra vitam (in-trah-vi'-tal, -tarn) [intra-; 
vita, life]. Occurring during life. i. stain, one that 
will act upon living material. 

intravitreous {in-trah-vit'-re-us) . Within the vitre- 
ous humor. 

intrinsic (in-trin'-sik) [intrinsecus, on the inside]. 
Inherent; situated within; peculiar to a part, as the 
intrinsic muscles of the larynx. 

intro- (in-tro-). A prefix signifying within. 

introcession (in-tro-ses'-shun) [introcedere, to go 
into]. A depression or sinking in, as of a surface. 

introducer (in-tro-du'-sur) [introducere, to lead into]. 
An instrument used in inserting anything; an intu- 
bator. 

introfiexion (in-tro-fiek'-shun) [intro-; flexio, a 
bending]. A bending in; inward flexion. 

introgastric (in-tro-gas'-trik) [intro-; yaarvp, 
stomach]. Conveyed or passed into the stomach. 

introitus (in-tro' -it-us) [intro-; ire, to go]. An 
aperture _ or entrance, i. pelvis, the inlet of the 
pelvis, i. vaginae, the entrance to the vagina. 

intromission (in-tro-mish'-un) [intro-; mitten, to 
send]. The introduction of one body into another, 
as of the penis into the vagina. 

introspection (in-tro-spek'-shun) [intro-; spicere, to 
look]. The act of looking inward, i., morbid, the 
morbid habit of self-examination; insane, or quasi- 
insane, dwelling upon one's own thoughts, feelings, 
impulses, fears, or conduct. 

introsusception (in-tro-sus-sep'-shun) [intro-; sus- 
cipere, to receive]. Intussusception. 

introversion (in-tro-ver'-shun) [intro-; verier e, to 
turn]. A turning within, as a sinking within itself 
of the uterus. 

intubation (in-tu-ba' -shun) [in, in; tuba, a pipe], 
i. The introduction of a tube into a part, particularly 
of a tube into the larynx, to allow the entrance of 
air into the lungs, as in diphtheria. 2. Catheterism. 

intubationist (in-tiL-ba' -shun-ist). One who is 
expert in performing intubation of the larynx. 

intubator (in'-tu-ba-lor). An instrument used in 
introducing a tube in intubation. 

intumescence (in-tu-mes'-ens) [intumescere, to 
swell]. A swelling, of any character whatever. Also, 
an increase of the volume of any organ or part of 
the body. 

intumescentia (in-tu-mes-en' -she-ah) [L.]. A swell- 
ing, i. cervicalis, the cervical enlargement of the 
spinal cord. i. gangliformis, the reddish, gangliform 
swelling of the facial nerve in the aqueduct of Fal- 
lopius. i. lumbalis, the lumbar enlargement of the 
spinal cord. i. semilunaris. See ganglion, Gasserian. 

intussusception (in-lus-sus-ep'-shun) [intus, within; 
suscipere, to receive]. Invagination or slipping of 
one part of the intestine into the part beyond. It is 
most frequent in the young, occurring, as a rule, on 
the right side, the ileum slipping into the ascending 
colon, carrying the ileocecal valve in front of it. The 
condition is characterized by pain, tenesmus, frequent 



small bloody stools, the presence of a sausage-shaped 
tumor in the flank, and often, on rectal examination, 
of a mass in the rectum, i., ascending, i., regressive, 
i., retrograde, that form in which the lower part of 
the intestine is invaginated in the upper, i., de- 
scending, i., progressive, that form in which the 
upper part of the intestine is invaginated in the lower. 

intussusceptum (in-tus-sus-sep' -turn) [see intus- 
susception]. In intussusception, the invaginated 
portion of intestine. 

intussuscipiens (in-tus-sus-sip'-e-enz). In intus- 
susception, the invaginating segment of the intestine. 

inula (in'-u-lah) [L.]. Elecampane. The root of 
/. helenium, a plant of the natural order Composites, 
containing a principle resembling starch and termed 
inulin, a crystalline body, alantic acid (C15H20O2), 
alantol (C10H16O), and helenin (CeHgO). Elecam- 
pane is tonic, stimulant, diaphoretic, diuretic, em- 
menagogue, and expectorant, and has been used in 
amenorrhea, dropsy, and in scaly skin diseases. Dose 
20 gr.-i dr. (1.3-4.0 Gm.). 

inulase (in'-u-las). An enzyme found in the roots 
of Inula helenium and in the bulb of squill. It 
decomposes inulin, but has no action on starch, and 
is destroyed by excessive alkalinity or acidity. 

inulin (in'-u-lin) [inula]. 1. C6H10O5. A carbo- 
hydrate from elecampane and other plants. 2. A 
precipitate from the tincture of the root of Inula 
helenium; an aromatic stimulant, tonic, and expec- 
torant. Dose 1-3 gr. (0.06-0.2 Gm.). 

inulol (in'-u-lol). See alantol. 

inunction (in-ungk'-shun) [inungere, to anoint]. 
The act of rubbing an oily or fatty substance into 
the skin; also, the substance used. 

inustion (in-us'-chun) [inustio, a burning in]. A 
burning in; deep or thorough cauterization. 

invaccination (in-vak-sin-a'-shun). Accidental in- 
oculation with some other disease during vaccination. 

invagination (in-vaj-in-a'-shun) [in, in; vagina, a 
sheath]. The act of insheathing or becoming 
insheathed. 

invalid (in'-val-id) [in, not; validus, strong]. 1. Not 
well. 2. One who is not well, especially one who is 
chronically ill or whose convalescence is slow. 3. 
Suitable for an invalid person, as invalid diet, invalid 
chair. 

invaliding (in'-val-id-ing) [in, not; valere, to be 
well]. The placing of a soldier or officer on the 
list of invalids, and thus excusing him from active 
duty. 

invalidism (in'-val-id-izm) [in, not; valere, to be 
well]. Chronic ill-health; the state or condition of 
being an invalid. 

invasion (in-va'-zhun) [in, upon; vadere, to go]. 
The onset, especially that of a disease; also, the 
manner in which the disease begins its attack. 

mverrnination (in-ver-min-a'-shun) [in, in; vermis, 
worm]. A condition of having intestinal worms; 
ill-health due to parasitic worms; helminthiasis. 

inverse temperature. A complete reversal of the 
usual course of the temperature, so that the morning 
temperature exhibits the maximum, and the evening 
temperature the minimum. It is not infrequently 
seen in acute tuberculous affections, and rarely in 
typhoid fever. 

inversion (in-ver' -shun) [in, in; vertere, to turn]. 

1. The act of turning inward. 2. A turning upside 
down. 3. In chemistry, the conversion of a dex- 
trorotatory compound into one that is levorotatory. 
i. of bladder, a condition, occurring only in females, 
in which the bladder is in part or completely pushed 
into the dilated urethra, i., sexual, sexual instinct 
and attraction towards one of the same sex; homo- 
sexuality, q. v. 

inversive (in-ver '-siv). Applied to ferments which 
convert canesugar into glucose. 

invert (in' -vert). A person addicted to homosex- 
uality. 

invertase (in-ver '-las). Same as invertin. 

invertebral (in-vurt'-e-bral) [in, not; vertebra, back- 
bone]. Without a spinal column. 

invertebrata (in-ver-te-bra'-tah) [in, not; vertebra]. 
Animals that have no spinal column. 

invertebrate (in-verf '-e-brat) [in, not; vertebra, 
backbone]. 1. Without a spinal column ; invertebral. 

2. An animal without a vertebra. 

invertin (in-ver' -tin) [in, not; vertere, to turn], 
A ferment found in the intestinal juice, and pro- 
duced by several species of yeast-plant; it converts 
cane-sugar in solution into invert-sugar. 



INVERTOR 



472 



IODITE 



invertor (in-ver'-tor). A muscle which rotates a 
part inward. 

invertose (in'-ver-tos). Invert-sugar. 

invert-sugar. A sugar that turns rays of polarized 
light to the left. The term is usually applied to 
levulosepr to a mixture of dextrose and levulose. 

investing (in-ves'-ting) [investire, to invest]. En- 
sheathing, surrounding. In dentistry, embedding a 
denture in what is known as investing-material, 
for the purpose of soldering the linings or backings 
of the teeth to the plate. 

investiture, investment (in-vest'-i-chur, in-vest'- 
ment) [in, in; vestire, to clothe]. A sheath; a covering, 
i., fibrous, (of the suprarenal capsule), a sheath of 
connective tissue composed of an outer loose portion 
and an inner part adhering closely to the capsule; 
its deeper layers contain unstriped^ muscle-fiber. 
Syn., involucrum rents succenturiati. i., myelin, the 
medullary sheath. 

inveterate (in-vet'-er-at) [in, with an intensive 
force ; vetus, old ] . Long established ; chronic ; resisting 
treatment; obstinate; as an inveterate skin disease. 

invious {in'-ve-us) [in, not; via, a way]. Impene- 
trable; impervious. 

invirility (in-vir-iV -it-e) [in, not; virilis, of a man]. 
Lack of manly qualities, especially lack of virile 
power; male impotency. 

inviscation (in-vis-ka'-shun) [in, in; viscum, bird- 
lime]. < Insalivation. 

in vitro {in vit'-ro) [L.]. Within glass, especially 
within test-tubes. Also applied to a method of 
observing under the microscope reproduction and 
life processes in living cells on a prepared glass slide. 

in vivo (in vi'-vo) [L.]. Within the living body, as 
distinguished from occurrences observed in vitro. 

involucre (in'-vo-lii-ker). Same as involucrum, q. v. 

involucrum (in-vo-lu'-krum) [involvere, to inwarp; 
pi., involucra]. The covering of a part. The sheath 
of bone enveloping a sequestrum. 

involuntary (in-voV -un-ta-re) [in, not; voluntarius, 
willing]. Performed or acting independently of the 
will. i. muscles, those that are not governed by 
the will. 

involute (in'-vo-lut) [involvere, to roll up, to wrap 
up]. In biology, rolled up, as the edges of certain 
leaves in the bud. 

involution (in-vo-lu'-shun) [involvere, to roll upon]. 
I. A turning or rolling inward. 2. The retrogressive 
change to their normal condition that certain organs 
undergo after fulfilling their functional purposes. 
L, buccal, the T folding in of the epiblast which forms 
the cavity of the mouth, i.-forms, a term applied 
to microorganisms that have undergone degenerative 
changes as a result of unfavorable environment. 
i.,I pituitary, the ingrowth of the epiblast of the 
mouth cavity which forms the hypophysis. L, senile, 
senile atrophy, i. of the uterus, the return of the 
uterus after gestation to its normal weight and con- 
dition. 

inward (in' -ward). Toward the center, i. con- 
vulsions. Synonym of laryngismus stridulus. 

inyloma (in-il-o'-mah) [Is, fiber; iXrj, matter]. 
A fibrous tumor; inhyloma. 

iaymenitis (in-im-en-i'-tis). See inohymenitis. 

iodacetanilide (i-o-das-et-an'-il-id). See iodoace- 
tanilide. 

iodacetyl (i-o-das'-et-il). See acetyl iodide. 

iodal (i'-o-dal), C2I3HO. A compound formed on 
the type of chloral, but containing iodine instead of 
chlorine. It is reported to resemble chloral in its 
sedative qualities, but is seldom used as a remedy. 

iodalbacide (i-o-dal'-bas-id). Iodine (10 %) com- 
bined with albumin. In treatment of syphilis, dose, 
IS gr. (1 Gm.) 3 to 6 times daily. 

iodalbin (i-o-dal'-bin). Trade name of a compound 
of iodine and blood albumin, used like the iodides. 
Dose, 5-8 gr. (0.3-0.5 gm.). 

iodamyl (i-o-dam'-il). 1. See amyl iodide. 2. See 
iodamylum. i.-formol, a combination of formalde- 
hyde, starch, thymol, and iodine. 

iodamylum (i-od-am'-il-um). Iodized starch; 
employed internally in the'' proportion of 5 parts of 
iodine to 95 parts of starch. Dose 3-10 gr. (0.2- 
0.6 Gm.) ; externally in sluggish ulcers. 

iodanisol (i-o-dan' -is-ol) , CeH4(OCH3)I. A pro- 
posed antiseptic forming a yellow or red crystalline 
mass soluble in alcohol and ether, melting at 47 ° C. 
iodanitin, iodanitol (i-od-an'-it-in, -ol). A combina- 
tion of iodine and anitin; a bactericide. 

iodanthrak (i-od-an'-thrak) . An absorption product 



of iodine and animal charcoal, containing 20 per cent., 
of iodine; used as an antiseptic. 

iodantifebrin. See iodoacetanilide. 

iodantipyrin (i-o-dan-tip-i'-rin). See iodopyrin. 

iodate (i'-o-dat). Any salt of iodic acid. 

iodated (i'-o-da-ted). Charged with iodine. 

iodatum (i-o-da'-tum). Charged with iodine. 

iodcaffeine. See iodocaffeine. 

iodethane, iodethyl (i-od'-eth-an, -il). See ethyl 
iodide. 

iodethylformin (i-od-eth-il-form'-in) , C6Hi2N«(C2- 
H5I). A proposed substitute for iodides for internal 
use. 

iodhydrate (i-od-hi'-drat). Synonym of hydriodate. 

iodia (i-o'-de-ah). A proprietary remedy said to 
contain stillingia, menispermum, etc., with five 
grains of potassium iodide and two grains of iron 
phosphate in each fluidram. Dose as an alterative, 
5 i-ij- 

iodic (i-od'-ik). Obtained from or containing 
iodine; also due to the use of iodine, i. acid. See 
acid, iodic. 

iodid. See iodide. 

iodide, iodid (i'-o-did) [see iodine}. A compound 
of iodine with another element or radical. 

iodidum (i-o-di'-dum). An iodide. 

iodimetry (i-o-dim'-et-re) [iodine; ixerpov, measure]. 
The determination of the quantity of iodine in a 
compound or mixture. 

iodin (i'-o-din). See iodine. 

iodine, iodum (i'-o-din, i-o'-dum) [i&Svs, violet- 
colored, from lov, a violet; eUos, like]. Symbol I; 
atomic weight 126.92; quantivalence I; specific 
gravity 4.948 at 17 C. (62. 6° F.). A nonmetallic 
element with metallic luster, volatilizing at a low 
temperature, and giving off an irritating, crimson- 
purple vapor. It occurs in most marine plants, in 
shell-fish, and in cod-liver oil. It is soluble in alcohol 
and in solutions of potassium iodide and of sodium 
chloride. It is a powerful irritant, and is used 
chiefly as an alterative in scrofula and rickets; as an 
absorbent in goiter and lymphatic enlargements; as 
a counterirritant, and to produce inflammatory 
reaction in hydrocele and other cysts. The long- 
continued use of iodine and its preparations produces 
a form of poisoning termed iodism. See iodism. 
i.-green, a green pigment derived from coal-tar, used 
in histological work. i. liniment (linimentum iodi, 
B. P.), is used locally, i. ointment (unguentum iodi, 
U. S. P.), used locally as an absorbent, i. pentoxide. 
See acid, iodic, i.-phosphor, a combination of phos- 
phorus, ^V gr-. hi 20 min. of iodipin of 25 % strength. 
It is used hypodermatically in neurasthenia.^ spinal 
sclerosis, gout, etc. Dose 20 min. (1.2 Cc). i. reac- 
tion, iodophilia developed by exposing a dried 
blood-smear to the action of a solution containing 
3 parts of potassium iodide and 1 part of iodine 
in 100 parts of water, brought to syrupy consistence 
by adding lumps of gum-arabic. L, solution of, 
compound (liquor iodi compositus, U. S. P.), Lugol's 
solution. Dose 1-10 min. (0.065-0.65 Cc). i., 
tincture of (tinctura iodi, U. S. P.). Dose 5-1 5 min. 
(0.32-1.0 Cc). It is chiefly used locally, i. tri- 
bromide, IBr3, a dark-brown fluid recommended for 
spraying in diphtheritic sore throat of children: 1 part 
in 300 of water, i. vapor (vapor iodi, B. P.) is 
used for inhalation. 

iodinophil (i-o-din'-o-fil) [iodin; <f>t,\elv, to love]. 
Having an affinity for iodine stain. A histological 
element staining readily with iodine. 

iodinophilia (i-o-din-o-fil'-e-ah). See iodophilia. 

iodiodoformin (i-o-di-o-do-form'-in), CsHnN*- 
CHI3. A light-brown, insoluble powder obtained 
from hexamethylentetramine by action of iodine; 
it is recommended as a substitute for iodine. 

iodipin (i-o'-di-pin). An addition-product _ of 
iodine, 10 to 25 %, and sesame oil; used in syphilis, 
sciatica, etc. Dose, by mouth, 1-4 dr. (3.7-15.0 
Cc.) of 10 % solution; enema, 5-7 oz. (148-207 Cc); 
subcutaneous injection, 1-2 dr. (3.7-7.5 Cc) of 25 % 
solution. 

iodipsol (i-o-dip'-sol). A compound of iodine used 
as a substitute for iodoform. 

iodism (i'-o-dizm) [iodine). A condition arising 
from the prolonged use of iodine or iodine compounds, 
marked by frontal headache, coryza, ptyalism, and 
various skin-eruptions, especially acne; rarely by a 
cachexia with atrophy of the sexual organs and 
marked nervous symptoms. 

iodite (i'-o-dit). A salt of iodous acid. 



IODIZED 



473 



IODOSERUM 



iodized (i'-o-dizd) [iodine]. Impregnated with 
iodine. 

iodoacetanilide (i-o-do-as-et-an'-il-id), CsHsINO. 
An inert substance forming white, tasteless, flaky- 
crystals, insoluble in water, obtained from acetanilide 
in acetic acid by action of iodine chloride. Syn., 
iodantefebrin ; iodacetanilide. 

iodoalbumin (i-o-do-aV -bu-min) . A compound of 
iodine and albuminoids used in myxedema. 

iodoamylene (i-o-do-am' -il-en) , C5H9I. A reaction- 
product of valerylene with fuming hydroiodic acid; 
a clear liquid soluble in alcohol, boils at 142 C. 
Syn., valerylene hydroiodide. 

iodoamylum. See iodamylum. 

iodocaffeine (i-o-do-kaf'-e-in). Colorless crystals, 
soluble in water, decomposing in hot water, obtained 
from a solution of potassium iodide and caffeine by 
action of sulphureted hydrogen. 

iodocasein (i-o-do-ka'-se-in). An antiseptic yellow 
powder with odor of iodine, prepared from iodine and 
casein; it is used as a vulnerary. 

iodochloroxyquinolin (i-o-do-klor-oks-e-kwin'-ol-in) . 
A bactericide used in surgery as a substitute for 
iodoform. Syn., vioform. 

iodocin {i-o' -do-sin). A proprietary antiseptic, 
analgesic, and styptic. 

iodocol, iodokol (i-o'-do-kol). A compound of 
iodine and guaiacol; used in tuberculosis, croupous 
pneumonia, etc. Dose 3-6 gr. (0.2-0.4 Gm.) 4 or 5 
times daily. 

iodocresol (i-o-do-kre'-sol), C7H7IO. A compound 
of iodine and cresol; an odorless yellow powder 
proposed as a substitute for iodoform. Syn., 
traumatol. 

iodocrol (i-o'-do-krol) . See carvacrol iodide. 

iodocyanide (i-o-do-si'-an-id). A double salt made 
up of a cyanide and an iodide of the same base. 

iododerma (i-o-do-derm'-ah) [iodine; Sep/xa, skin]. 
Skin diseases due to use of iodine and its prepara- 
tions. 

iodoeugenol (i-o-do-u' -jen-ol) , C10H11IO2. A com- 
pound of iodine and eugenol-sodium ; a yellow, 
inodorous, insoluble powder, melting at 150° C. 
It is used as an antiseptic. 

iodoform, iodoformum (i-o' -do-form, i-o-do-form' - 
um) [iodine; forma, form], CHI3. A yellow, finely 
crystalline substance having a peculiar penetrating 
odor, and containing about 96.7 % of iodine by 
weight. It is readily soluble in chloroform and 
ether, less readily in alcohol, and but slightly in 
water. Iodoform is antispetic and anesthetic, and 
is used as a dressing to wounds and syphilitic and 
chancroidal ulcers, either in powder or in the form of 
iodoform gauze. In tuberculous affections, when it 
can be directly introduced, it has yielded good results, 
being in such cases usually employed in the form of an 
emulsion in olive-oil or as an ethereal solution. 
Internally it has been used as an alterative in goiter, 
rickets, pulmonary tuberculosis, and syphilis. Dose 
i-3 gr. (0.065-0.2 Gm.). The use of large quantities 
locally has led to the production of toxic symptoms, 
which resemble those of meningitis, and to fatty 
degeneration of the internal organs. Syn., formyl 
triiodide; triiodomethane. L, deodorous, a combina- 
tion of iodoform and thymol. Syn., anozol. i. gauze, 
gauze impregnated with iodoform, i. ointment 
(unguentum iodoformi, U. S. P.), used as a local anti- 
septic and stimulant, i. oleate, a mixture of 2 % 
of iodoform in oleic acid. It is used as an external 
antiseptic on ulcers and abrasions, i.-salol, a mixture 
of iodoform and phenyl salicylate; used as an anti- 
septic in old wounds and in cavities, i. suppositories 
(suppositoria iodoformi, B. P.), used after rectal 
operations and in fissure of the anus. 

iodoformagen (i-o-do-for'-maj-en). See iodof or- 
mogen. 

iodof ormal (i-o-do-form' -al) , C6H12N4 . C2H5I . - 
CHI3. A yellow powder produced by the combina- 
tion of ethyl-hexamethylentetramine hydriodide and 
iodoform. It is used as a substitute for iodoform. 

iodofonnin (i-o-do-form' -in), (CH2)eN4 . CHI3. An 
inodorous compound of iodoform, 75 %, with hexa- 
methylentetramine. i.-mercury, a yellowish, in- 
soluble powder recommended as an antiseptic. 

iodof ormism (i-o'-do-form-izm). Poisoning with 
iodoform. 

iodof ormize (i-o'-do-form-lz). To impregnate with 
iodoform. 

iodof ormogen (i-o-do-form' -o-j en). A compound 
of iodoform, 10 %, and albumin, forming a bright 



yellow, very light powder, insoluble in water and 
sterilizable at ioo° C. 

iodoformum (i-o-do-form' -um). Iodoform. 

iodogallicin (i-o-do-gaV -is-in) . See bismuth-oxyi- 
ododmethyl gallol. 

iodogene, iodogenin (i-o'-do-jen, i-o-doj' -en-in) . 
A disinfectant, said to be a mixture of charcoal and 
potassium iodate, molded into cones. Iodine is 
liberated on combustion. 

iodogenol (i-o-doj' -en-ol). A compound of iodine 
and peptonized albumin proposed as a succedaneum 
for the iodine preparations ordinarily employed 
internally. 

iodoglandin (i-o-do-gland'-in). A preparation of 
thyroid gland said to contain no thyroidin. 

iodoglobulin (i-o-do-glob'-u-lin). A substance 
derived from the thyroid gland, said to be more 
soluble than thyroidin. 

iodohemol (i-o-do-he'-mol). A compound consist- 
ing of iodine and hemol. See hemol. 

iodohydrargyrate (i-o-do-hi-drar'-ji-rat). A combi- 
nation of mercuric iodide with the iodide of another 
metallic element. 

iodol, iodolum (i'-o-dol, i-o'-do-lum), dU . NH. 
An odorless, grayish-brown powder, soluble in alcohol 
and in ether, and used as a substitute for iodoform, 
and also in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Dose 
§-5 gr. (0.032-0.32 Gm.). Syn., tetraiodopyrrol. 
i.-caffeine, C8H10N4O2 . C4I4NH, a light-gray, crystal- 
line powder, insoluble in water, containing 74-6 % of 
iodol and 25.4 % of caffeine. It is a surgical anti- 
septic. Syn., caffeinated iodol. i.-menthol, a mix- 
ture of 1 part of menthol with 99 parts of iodol. 

iodolen, iodolene, iodoline (i-o'-do-len, -len). An 
iodol albumin compound said to contain 36 % of 
iodine. It is a yellowish, granular powder, without 
odor or taste, soluble in hot alkaline solutions. It 
is a succedaneum for iodides internally and a non- 
irritant external antiseptic. In tertiary syphilis, 
dose, 30 gr. (2 Gm.) 6 to 10 times daily. 

iodomethane (i-o-do-meth'-an). Methyl iodide. 

iodometric (i-o-do-met'-rik). 1. Relating to iodo- 
metry. 2. In chemical analysis relating to the 
process or act of determining the quantity of a sub- 
stance by its reaction with a standard solution of 
iodine. 

iodometry (i-o-dom'-et-re) [iodine; iikrpov, a 
measure]. The estimation of the iodine-content in a 
compound. 

iodomuth (i-o'-do-muth), B18C7H7I2O5. A reddish- 
brown powder containing bismuth and 25 % of 
iodine. It is siccative, antiseptic, and alterative. 
Dose 1-10 gr. (0.06-0.6 Gm.). 

iodonaftan (i-o-do-naf -tan) . An ointment-base 
containing 3 % of iodine. 

iodonaphthol (i-o-do-naf -thol). See naphthol- 
aristol. 

iodone (i'-o-don). Trade name of an antiseptic; 
it is a periodide of phthalic anhydride. 

iodophen (i-o' -do-fen). See nosophen. 

iodophenacetin (i-o-do-fe-nas'-et-in). See iodo- 
phenin. 

iodophenin (i-o-do-fe'-nin) [iodine; phenyl], C20H25- 
I3N2O4. A combination of iodine and acetphene- 
tidin. It is an effective bactericide. 

iodophenochloral (i-o-do-fe-no-klor'-al). A brown 
fluid used in skin diseases due to parasites; it is said 
to consist of equal parts of phenol, tincture of iodine 
and chloral hydrate. 

iodophenol (i-o-do-fe'-nol). A solution of 20 parts 
of iodine in 76 parts of fused phenol with 4 parts 
of glycerol. 

iodophil (i-o'-do-fil). See iodinophil. 

iodophilia (i-o-do-fil'-e-ah) [iodine; <pi.\eZv, to love]. 
A pronounced affinity for iodine; the term is applied 
to the protoplasm of leukocytes in purulent condi- 
tions. 

iodophosphide (i-o-do-fos' -fid) . A combination of 
an iodide with a phosphide. 

iodophthisis (i-o-doff'-this-is). The emaciation, or 
local or general wasting that may result from free 
use of iodine as a remedy. 

iodopyrin (i-o-do-pi'-rin). Iodantipyrin. A chemi- 
cal compound of iodine and antipyrine with the 
composition, C11H11IN2O. It is an antipyretic in 
doses of from one to five grains. 

iodoserum (i-o-do-se'-rum). A solution of sodium 
chloride, 6 parts, and potassium iodide, 2 parts, in 
1000 Cc. of water; it is used as a sedative and in 
syphilis. 



IODOSIN 



474 



IRIDIZATION 



iodosin, iodosinum {i-o' -do-sin, i-o-do-si'-num). A 
compound of iodine, 15 %, and albumin; it is pro- 
posed as a succedaneum for iodothyrin. 

iodospongin {i-o-do-spon'-jin). A substance con- 
taining iodine and possessing thyroid properties, 
isolated from bath-sponge. 

iodostarin {i-o-do-star'-in). An organic prepara- 
tion of iodine containing 47.5 % of iodine. It is in- 
soluble in water, and is odorless and tasteless; it is 
said to be less toxic than iodoform. 

iodotannin {i-o-do-tan'-in). An aqueous mixture 
of iodine and tannin. 

iodoterpin {i-o-do-ter' -pin) , C10H16I. A combina- 
tion of iodine, 50 %, and terpin; a dark-brown liquid 
with the odor of turpentine. It is used as a substi- 
tute for iodoform. 

iodotheine {i-o-do-the'-in). Colorless crystals or 
white powder obtained from sodium iodide with 
theine by action of sulphureted hydrogen; it is soluble 
in water, decomposes in hot water. It is used to 
increase systolic action and arterial pressure of the 
heart. Dose 2-8 gr. (0.13-0.52 Gm.) 2 to 6 times 
daily in cachets. 

iodotheobromine {i-o-do-the-o-bro'-min). A reac- 
tion-product of theobromine, a solution of potassium 
iodide and sulphureted hydrogen. It is diuretic, 
stimulant, and alterative, and is used in cardiac 
affections. Dose 5-8 gr. (0.32-0.52 Gm.). 

iodotherapy {i-o-do-ther'-ap-e). The treatment or 
cure of disease by the use of iodine or its compounds. 

iodothymoform {i-o-do-thi' -mo-form). Iodothymol 
formaldehyde, a condensation-product of thymol 
and formaldehyde; it is used as a wound antiseptic. 

iodothymol {i-o-do-thi' -mol). See aristol. 

iodothyrin {i-o-do-thi' -rin). A lactose trituration 
of the active constituents of thyroid glands of sheep. 
One grain contains 0.3 mg. of iodine. It is alterative 
and discutient. Dose 15-30 gr. (1-2 Gm.) daily. 
Syn., thyrein; thyreoiodine ; thyroiodine. 

iodothyroglobulin {i-od-o-thi-ro-glob'-u-lin). An 
iodine-containing globulin found in the thyroid 
gland. 

iodovasogen {i-o-do-vas'-o-jeri). A solution of 
iodine in vasogen; it is recommended in infiltrated 
and spreading ulcers of the cornea. 

iodovasol {i-o-do-vas'-ol). A combination of vasol 
and 7 % of iodine. 

iodozen {i-o'-do-zen), CeH2l2(COOCH3 . ONa). An 
iodine derivative of methyl salicylate used as an 
external antiseptic and discutient. 

iodozone {i-o'-do-zon). A combination of iodine 
and ozone; it is used as a mouth- wash and as an 
inhalation in tuberculosis. 

iodum {i-o'-dum) . See iodine. 

ioduret {i-od'-u-ret) [iodine]. An iodide. 

iodyloform {i-o-diV -o-form) . Trade name of a 
combination of iodine and gelatin used as a substi- 
tute for iodoform. 

iolin {i'-o-lin). A preparation for external use 
containing 20 % of iodine; it is said not to stain the 
skin. 

ion {i'-on) [ibv, going]. An atom or group of 
atoms set free by electrolysis, and classified as an 
anion or kation, according as it is set free at the 
positive or negative pole. 

ionic medication. See medication. 

ionium {i-o'-ne-um) [ion]. A recently discovered 
element of radio-active properties. 

ionization {i-on-i-za' -shun) [ion]. Electrolytic 
dissociation; the production of ions. 

ionize {i'-on-lz). To dissociate into ions; said of 
an electrolyte. 

ionone {i'-on-on). A hydroaromatic ketone pre- 
pared synthetically from citral, the odorous principle 
of lemon oil. It has the odor of violets. 

ionophose {i-on'-o-foz). A violet phose. 

iontophoresis {i-on-to-fo-re'-sis) [ion-; <j>6pn<ns, a 
carrying]. The introduction of ions into the body 
by the electric current, for therapeutic purposes. 
Medical ionization; cataphoresis. 

iophobia {i-o-fo'-be-ah) [L6s, poison; <£6/3os, fear]. 
A morbid dread of poisons. 

iotacism {i-o'-tas-izm) [tiara, the Greek letter I.] 
Inability to pronounce distinctly the proper sound 
of the letter i. 

iothion {i-o-thi'-on). Diiodhydroxypropane, a 
yellow, oily fluid, containing 80 per cent, of iodine; 
used in place of the iodides. 

ipecac, ipecacuanha {ip'-e-kak, ip-e-kak-u-an'-ah) 
jBraz., ipecaaguen]. The dried root of Cephaelis 



ipecacuanha, a plant of the order Rubiacece, con- 
taining an alkaloid, emetine, C28H40N2O5, and ipeca- 
cuanhic acid. In large doses ipecac is emetic; in 
small doses, diaphoretic and expectorant; and in 
minute doses, a gastric stimulant. It is used as an 
emetic, especially in narcotic poisoning, and, in 
children, to dislodge membranes and secretions in 
croup and capillary bronchitis; as a diaphoretic in 
acute colds, as an expectorant in bronchitis, as a 
sedative (in minute doses in vomiting), and in 
dyspepsia as a stimulant. It is said to be a specific 
in tropical dysentery. Emetine is emetic in doses 
of 5-4 gr. (0.008-0.016 Gm.), but irritant in large 
doses, i., fluidextract of {fluidextr actum ipecacuanha, 
U. S. P.). Dose 5-30 min. (0.32-2.0 Cc). i. and 
opium, powder of {pulvis ipecacuanha et opii, U. S. 
P.; pulvis ipecacuanha compositus, B. P.), Dover's 
powder. Dose 2-15 gr, (0.13-1.0 Gm.). i. and 
opium, tincture of {tinctura ipecacuanha et opii, 
U. S. P.). Dose 5-10 min. (0.32-0.65 Cc). i., 
syrup of {syrupus ipecacuanha, U. S. P.). Dose, as 
an emetic, 30 min.-i dr. (2-4 Cc.) for a child; |-i oz. 
(16-32 Cc.) for an adult; as an expectorant, 5 min.- 
1 dr. (0.32-4.0 Cc). i., wine of {vinum ipecacuanha, 
U.S. P.). Dose 1 min.-i dr. (0.065-4.0 Cc). 

ipomein {ip-o-me'-in). A glucoside, C78H132O36, 
from the root of Ipomaa fastigiata. 

ipsilene {ip'-sil-en). A gas used as a disinfectant, 
obtained from iodoform by action of ethyl chloride 
with heat and pressure. 

ipsolateral {ip-so-lat'-er-al) [ipse, same; latus, side]. 
Situated on the same side, indicating paralytic or 
similar symptoms which occur on the same side as 
the cerebral lesion causing them. 

Ir. Chemical symbol of iridium. 

ir. Abbreviation for internal resistance. 

iralgia {i-ral'-je-ah). See iridalgia. 

irascibility {i-ras-ib-il'-it-e) [irasci, to be angry]. 
The quality of being choleric, irritable, or of hasty 
temper. It is a frequent symptom in some varieties 
of insanity and in neurasthenia, and in some cases it 
amounts to a species of insanity. 

iretol {i'-ret-ol) [Iris, a genus of plants], C7H8O4. 
A phenol obtained by fusing irigenin with potash; 
it melts at 186° C. Syn., methoxyphloroglucin. 

iridadenosis {ir-id-ad-en-o'-sis) [iris; adr/v, gland]. 
A glandular affection of the iris. 

iridaemia {ir-id-e' -me-ah) . See iridemia. 

iridal {ir'-id-al) [iris]. Relating to the iris. 

iridalgia {ir-id-al'-je-ah) [irido-; a\yos, pain]. 
Pain referable to the iris. 

iridauxesis {ir-id-awks-e'-sis) [irido-; a&^o-is, 
increase]. Auxesis or tumefactionTof the iris. 

iridavulsion {ir-id-av-ul'-shun) [irido-; avellere, to 
tear away]. Surgical avulsion of the iris. 

iridectome {ir-id-ek' -torn) [irido-; Iktom, a. cutting 
out], A cutting instrument used in iridectomy. 

iridectomize {ir-id-ek' -tom-iz) [iridectomy]. To 
excise a part of the iris; to perform iridectomy. 

iridectomy {ir-id-ek' -to-me) [iris; i/crow, excision]. 
The cutting out of a part of the iris. 

iridectropium {ir-id-ek-tro '-pe-um) [irido- ; eKrpoiriov, 
eversion]. Eversion of a part of the iris. 

iridemia {ir-id-e' -me-ah) [irido-; alfia, blood]. 
Hemorrhage from the iris, 

iridencleisis, iridenkleisis {i-rid-en-kli'-sis). See 
iridodesis. 

iridentropium {ir-id-en-tro' -pe-um) [irido-; ivrpoirri, 
a turning in]. Inversion of a part of the iris. 

irideremia {i-rid-er-e' -me-ah) [iris; ipynia, lack]. 
Total or partial absence of the iris. 

iridescence {ir-id-es'-ens) [iridescere, to shine with 
rainbow-colors]. The property of breaking up light 
into the spectral colors. 

iridesis {ir-id-e' -sis). See iridodesis. 

iridian {ir-id'-e-an) [iris]. Relating to the iris; iridal. 

iridic {ir-id'-ik) [iris]. Pertaining to the iris, 

iridicolor {ir-id'-ic-ul-or) [iris, a rainbow; color]. 
In biology, iridescent; exhibiting prismatic colors. 

iridin {i' -rid-in) [iris]. 1. A precipitated extract of 
blue flag. See iris (2). 2. A glucoside from the 
rhizome of Iris florentina. 

iridium {i-rid'-e-um) [iris]. A platinoid metal; 
alloyed in small percentage with platinum it confers 
rigidity upon the latter. The alloy is used as plate 
in mechanical dentistry. Symbol, Ir. ; atomic weight, 
I93..I. 

iridization {ir-id-iz-a' -shun) [irido-]. The sub- 
jective appearance, as of an iridescent halo seen by 
persons affected with glaucoma. 



irido- 



475 



IRON 



irido- (i-rid-o-) [iris]. A prefix meaning relating to 
the iris. 

iridocapsulitis (ir-id-o-kap-su-li'-tis). Inflamma- 
tion involving the iris^and the capsule of the lens. 

iridocele (ir-id'-o-sel) [irido-; k^Xjj, hernia]. Pro- 
trusion of part of the iris through a wound or 
ulcer. 

iridochoroiditis (ir-id-o-ko-roid-i'-tis) [irido-; cho- 
roid; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of both the 
iris and the choroid of the eye. 

irido cine sis (ir-id-o-sin-e'-sis). See iridokinesis. 

iridocoloboma (ir-id-o-kol-o-bo'-mah) [irido-; ko\6- 
(tuna, a mutilation], i. The portion of iris removed in 
iridectomy. 2. See coloboma. 

iridocyclectomy (ir-id-o-si-klek' '-to-me) [irido-; nb- 
#c\os, circle; iKTonrj, excision]. Excision of the 
iris and of the ciliary body. 

iridocyclitis (ir-id-o-sik-li'-tis) [irido-; kvkXos, a 
circle; iris, inflammation]. Inflammation of the 
iris and the ciliary body. 

iridocyclochoroiditis (ir-id-o-sik-lo-ko-roid-i'-tis) 
[irido-; kvkXos, circle; x&pwv, chorion; eUos, like- 
ness; ins, inflammation]. Combined inflammation 
of the iris, the ciliary body, and the choroid. 

iridocystectomy (ir-id-o-sist-ek' -to-me) [irido- ; 
Khans, bladder; Uronij, excision]. Knapp's opera- 
tion for making a new pupil when iridocyclitis or 
iridocapsulitis following cataract operations or 
trauma has closed the cold. 

iridocyte (ir'-id-o-sil) [irido-; kvtos, cell]. Any 
cell that produces color, either by means of its 
structure or its contents. 

iridodesis (ir-id-od'-es-is) [irido-; 8k<ns, a binding 
together]. An operation for the purpose of altering 
the position of the pupil by drawing the iris into one 
or two small openings in the cornea and preventing 
its return by a loop of silk placed around it. 

iridodialysis (ir-id-o-di-al'-is-is). 1. See coredi- 
alysis. 2. The separation of the iris from its attach- 
ments. 

iridodonesis (ir-id-o-do-ne'-sis) [irido-; 86i>r)<ris, a 
trembling]. _ Tremulousness of the iris; hippus. 

iridokinesis (ir-id-o-kin-e'-sis) [irido-; Kiv-qais, 
movement]. Any movement of the iris, normal or 
otherwise. 

iridol (i'-rid-ol) [Iris, a genus of plants], C7H5- 
(OCH3)20H. A phenol obtained from distillation of 
iridic acid (CiqH^Oe) from orris-root. 

iridoleptynsis (ir-id-o-lep-lin'-sis) [irido-; Xkirrwo-LS, 
attenuation]. Attenuation or atrophy of the iris. 

iridomalacia (ir-id-o-mal-a'-se-ah) [irido-; ii.aXa.KLa, 
softness]. Morbid softening of the iris. 

iridomotor (ir-id-o-mo'-tor) [irido-; movere, to 
move]. Promoting the motion of the iris. 

iridoncosis (ir-id-ong-ko'-sis) [irido-; 6yKwcns, a 
puffing out]. Thickening of the iris. 

iridoncus (ir-id-ong'-kus) [irido-; 67/cos, mass]. 
A tumor or swelling of the iris. 

iridoparalysis (ir-id-o-par-al'-is-is) [irido-; paraly- 
sis)^ Paralysisof the iris. 

iridoparelkysis (ir-id-o-par-el'-kis-is) [irido-; irap- 
eXiceiv, to draw aside]. An induced prolapse of the 
iris to effect displacement of the pupil. 

iridoparesis (ir-id-o-par'-es-is) [irido-; vapiois, a 
letting go]. # A slight or partial paralysis of the iris. 

iridoplania (ir-id-o-pla'-ne-ah) [irido-; irXaMj, a 
wandering]. Same as hippus. 

iridoplasma (ir-id-o-plaz'-mah) [irido-; -rrXaana, any- 
thing formed]. A form of degeneration of the iris. 

iridoplatinum (ir-id-o-plat'-in-um). An alloy of 
iridium and platinum; used in making electrodes, 
etc. 

iridoplegia (ir-id-o-ple' -je-ah) [irido- ; irX^yi], stroke]' 
Paralysis of the sphincter of the iris. 

iridoptosis (ir-id-op-to'-sis) [irido-; vtuois, a 
falling]. Prolapse of the iris. 

iridopupillary (ir-id-o-pu' -pil-a-re) [irido-; pupilla, 
the pupil of the eye]. Pertaining to the iris and 
the pupil. 

iridorhexis (ir-id-o-reks'-is) [irido-; p^£is, a break- 
ing]. Rupture of the iris. 

iridoschisis, iridoschisma (ir-id-os'-kis-is, ir-id-os- 
kiz'-mah) [irido-; ffxiVis, axio-fxa, cleft]. Coloboma 
of the iris. 

iridoscler»tomy (ir-id-o-skler-ot'-o-me) [irido- ; 
<tk\i)p6s, hard; renveiv, to cut]. Puncture of the 
sclera with division of the iris. 

iridosis (ir-id-o'-sis). See iridodesis: 

iridosteresis (ir-id-o-ster-e'-sis) . See aniridia and 
irideremia. 



iridotome (ir'-id-o-tom) [irido-; ro/ir], a cutting], 
A cutting-instrument employed in iridotomy. 

iridotomy (ir-id-ot'-o-me) [irido-; toutj, section]. 
An incision into the iris. 

iridotromos (ir-id-ot' -ro-mos) [irido-; rpo/ios, tre- 
mor]. Hippus; tremor of the iris. 

iregenin (i-rij'-en-in), CioHigOs. A resolution- 
product of the glucoside iridin by action of dilute 
suphuric acid. It has the properties of a phenol, 
forms crystals melting at 186 C., and gives an in- 
tense violet color with ferric chloride. 

iris (i'-ris) [Ipis, a halo or rainbow]. 1. A colored 
circular membrane placed between the cornea and 
the lens, and having a central perforation; the pupil. 
It is about half an inch in breadth, and consists 
principally of two sets of unstriped muscular fibers, 
the sphincter of the iris, or spincter pupillcz, a narrow 
zone of circular fibers surrounding the pupil, and the 
dilator of the iris, or dilator pupilla, a radiate band 
of fibers extending from the pupil to the border of the 
iris. 2. A genus of plants of the natural order 
Iridece. The rhizome of Iris versicolor (blue flag) 
is cathartic, emetic, and diuretic. Dose 10-20 gr. 
(0.65-1.3 Gm.). i. bombe, a condition in which the 
iris bulges forward due to an increasein the intra- 
ocular fluid in the posterior chamber, i.-contraction. 
See under reflex, i., Florentine, orris-root, the root 
of Iris florentina, emetocathartic and diuretic. At 
present it is used chiefly as an ingredient of tooth- 
powders, i.-pigment, the chemically pure pigment of 
the bovine eye; triturated with water it is used for 
tattooing corneal opacities. 

Irish ague. Synonym of typhus fever, q. v. 

I. button, syphilis. 

I. moss. See chondrus. 

irisin (i'-ris-in). Same as iridin. 

irisol (i'-ris-ol). A proprietary disinfectant, said 
to contain iodoform, 50 %, and boric acid, 45 %■ 

iritic (ir-it'-ik) [iritis]. Of the nature of, pertaining 
to, or affected with iritis. 

iritis (ir-i'-tis) [iris; ins, inflammation]. Inflam- 
mation of the iris. 

iritoectomy (ir-it-o-ek' -to-me) [iris; 6*7-0/117, a 
cutting out]. The removal of a portion of the iris 
and iritic membrane for occlusion of the pupil. 

iritomy (ir-it'-o-me). See iridotomy. _ 

iron (i'-ern). See ferrum. i. albuminate, contains 
5 % ferric oxide or 10 % ferric chloride. Dose 
10-30 gr. (1.3-2.0 Gm.). i. and ammonium acetate, 
solution of (liquor ferri et ammonii acetatis, U. S. P.) . 
Dose 4 dr. (16 Cc). i. ammonium alum. See ferric 
ammonium sulphate, i. and ammonium citrate. 
See ferric citrate, soluble, i. and ammonium tartrate. 
See ferric ammonium tartrate, i. arseniate (Jerri 
arsenias, B. P.), chiefly valuable for the arsenic it 
contains. Dose tV"I IP"- (0.006-0.008 Gm.). i. 
bromide, used in solution in doses of 20 min. (1.2 
Cc.) 3 times daily, as an alterative tonic in chorea 
and scrofula, i. cacodylate, used in chlorosis, etc. 
Dose 2-4 gr. (0.13-0.26 Gm.) daily; hypodermatically 
|-i| gr. (0.03-0.09 Gm.). i.-casein, i. caseinate, a 
flesh-colored precipitate without taste or odor, 
obtained from casein of milk with iron lactate, 
containing 5.2 % of ferric oxide; it is used as a nutri- 
tive. Dose 2-10 gr. (0.13-0.65 Gm.) 3 times daily. 
Syn., ferrum caseinatum; iron nucleoalbuminate. 
i. ferrocyanide, dark-blue powder or lumps obtained 
from ferric salts with potassium ferrocyanide; it is 
used as a tonic, antiperiodic, and cholagogue. Dose 
2-5 gr. (0.13-0.32 Gm.). Syn., Berlin blue; ferric 
ferrocyanide; insoluble iron cyanide; Prussian blue. 
i. glycerinophosphate, FeP04C 3 H 6 (OH.)2+2H 2 0, yel- 
low scales, soluble in water. It is used in neuras- 
thenia, phosphaturia, Addison's disease, etc. Dose 
2 gr. (0.13 Gm.) 3 times daily, i. lactate, ferrous 
lactate, a salt occurring in minute whitish-green 
crystals. Dose 5 gr. (0.32 Gm.). i. mixture, com- 
pound (mistura ferri composita, U. S. P.), Griffith's 
mixture. Dose 1-2 oz. (30-60 Cc). 1. nucleoal- 
buminate. See i.-casein. i. oleate, a brownish- 
green, sticky substance containing Fe(Ci8H3302)2 
It is soluble in ether and is used as a tonic inunction, 
i. oxalate. Dose 2-3 gr. (0.13-0.2 Gm.). i. oxide, 
hydrated. See ferric hydroxide, i., oxide of, mag- 
netic (Jerri oxidum magneticum, B. P.). Dose 5-20 
gr. (0.32-1.3 Gm.). i. paranucleinate, a nutritive 
preparation of casein of cows' milk, containing 
22 % of iron and 2.5 % of phosphorus. Dose 5 gr. 
(0.3 Gm.) 3 'times daily. Syn., triferrin. i. pepton- 
ate, contains 5 % of red iron oxide with peptone; 



IRONAL 



476 



ISCHIATIC 



a fine yellow-brown powder. Dose 2-8 gr. (0.13- 
0.52 Gm.). i. perchloride. See ferric chloride, i. 
persulphate. See *'. sulphate, ferric, i. phosphate 
{Jerri phosphas, B. P.). Dose 5-10 gr. (0.32-0.65 
Gm.). i. phosphate, ferric, Fe2(P04)2, white powder, 
soluble in acids; used externally in solution with 
dilute phosphoric acid for carious teeth. Ointment 
10 to 20 % in carcinoma, i. phosphate, soluble. 
See ferric phosphate, soluble, i. phosphosarcolactate. 
See carniferrin. i. and potassium tartrate (ferri et 
potassii tartras, U. S. P.). Dose 4 gr. (0.25 Gm.). 
i. and quinine citrate (ferri et quinines citras, U. S. P.). 
Dose 5-15 gr. (0.32-1.0 Gm.). i. and quinine 
citrate, soluble (ferri et quinines citras solubilis, U. 
S. P.). Dose 5-10 gr. (0.32-0.65 Gm.). i., quinine, 
and strychnine, glycerite of the phosphates of 
(glyceritum ferri, quinines et strychnines phosphatum, 
U. S. P.). Dose 15 min. (1 Cc). i., quinine, and 
strychnine phosphates, elixir of (elixir ferri, quinina 
et strychnines phosphatum, U. S. P.). Dose 1 dr. 
(4 Cc). L, quinine, and strychnine phosphates, 
syrup of (syrupus ferri, quinines et strychnines phos- 
phatum, U. S. P.). Dose 1 dr. (4 Cc). i., reduced. 
See ferrum reductum. i. and strychnine citrate (ferri 
et strychnines citras, U. S. P.). Dose 1-3 gr. (0.065- 
0.2 Gm.). i. succinate, Fe(OH)C4H404, amorphous, 
reddish-brown powder, tonic and alterative, used 
as solvent in biliary calculi. Dose 1 teaspoonful of 
the salt with 10 drops of chloroform 4 to 6 times daily. 
Syn., ferric succinate, i. sulphate, ferric, Fe2(S04)3, 
a grayish-white powder used as a disinfectant and 
bactericide. Syn., iron persulphate; iron sesquisul- 
phate; iron ter sulphate; normal ferric sulphate, i. 
tannate, a salt in crimson scales. Dose 8-30 gr. 
(0.52-2.0 Gm.) in 24 hours, i. valerianate, a dark- 
red, amorphous powder. Dose 2-5 gr. (0.13-0.32 
Gm.). i. vitellinate, a preparation of iron and yolk 
of egg. i., wine of (vinum ferri, U. S. P.). Dose 2 
dr. (8 Cc). i., wine of, bitter (vinum ferri amarum, 
U. S. P.), made from the soluble citrate of iron and 
quinine. Dose 1-4 dr. (4-16 Cc). See also under 
ferric, ferrous, and ferrum. 

ironal, ironol (i'-ron-al, -ol). A preparation said 
to contain 80 % of absorbable iron. 

ironcosis (i-ron-ko'-sis). See iridoncosis. 
m irone (i'-ron) [Iris, a genus of plants; -one, suffix 
signifying ketone], C13H20O. A substance isolated 
from Iris florentina, believed to be the mother- 
substance of the odorous constituents of orris-root. 

irotomy (i-rot'-o-me). Same as iridotomy. 

irradiating (ir-ra'-de-a-ting) [irradiare, to emit 
rays in every direction]. Radiating from a center, 
as a pain arising from a definite focus of irritation. 

irradiation (ir-a-de-a' -shun) [in, on; radiare, to 
radiate]. 1. A phenomenon in which, owing to the 
difference in the illumination of the field of vision 
or its background, obiects appear much larger than 
they really are. 2. Diffusion in all directions from a 
common center; applied to nerve impulses, stellate 
fractures, pains felt in some position in undemon- 
strable anatomical connection with an affected organ, 
etc. 

irreducible (ir-e-du'-si-bl) [in, not; reducer e, to 
lead back]. Not reducible; not capable of being 
replaced in a normal position, as an irreducille 
hernia. 

irregular (ir-eg'-u-lar) [in, not; regula, rule]. Not 
regular; not normal or according to rule; not rhyth- 
mic; not recurring at proper intervals, as an irregular 
pulse. 

irreinoculability (ir-e-in-ok-u-la-UV-it-e) [in, not; 
re, again; inoculatio, an engrafting]. Insuscepti- 
bility to contagion due to previous inoculation. 

irrespirable (ir-es-pi'-ra-bl) [in, not; respirare, to 
breathe]. Not capable of being breathed. 

irrhythmia (ir-ith'-me-ah). See arrhythmia. 

irrigant (ir'-ig-ant) [irrigare, to lead water to]. 
A substance or wash used in or by irrigation. 

irrigation (ir-ig-a'-shun) [irrigare, to lead water to]. 
The act of washing out by a stream of water, as 
irrigation of the bladder, i., continuous, the con- 
tinuous passage of a stream of water over a surface 
in order to reduce or limit inflammation. 

irrigator (ir-ig-a'-tor) [irrigare, to lead water to]. 
An apparatus, or device, for accomplishing the 
irrigation of a part, surface, or cavity. 

irritability (ir-it-ab-il'-it-e) [irritare, to excite]. 
1. The state of being irritable or of responding to 
stimuli. 2. A functional disturbance of a part on; 
account of which it reacts excessively to slight stimu- 



lation, as irritability of the bladder, a condition in 
which the urine is voided in small quantities at short 
intervals, i., contact, a phenomenon shown by 
Loeb in muscular movement by action of various 
salts, e. g., a frog's muscle 'previously treated with a 
Na salt the anion of which precipitates Ca is excited 
by contact with such substances as oil, water, air, 
etc., unlike a normal muscle, i., faradic, the state 
in which the faradic current will cause muscular 
contraction. L, galvanic, the state in which the 
galvanic current will cause muscular contraction, 
i., muscular, the inherent contractile quality of a 
muscle, i., nervous, the property of a nerve to 
transmit impulses upon stimulation. 

irritable (ir'-it-a-bl) [see irritability], 1. Reacting 
to stimuli. 2. Easily excited, i. bladder, a condi- 
tion of the bladder marked by constant desire to 
void urine, i. breast, a neuralgic condition of the 
mammary gland, usually associated with uterine 
affections, or with intercostal neuralgia, i. heart, 
a peculiar condition of the heart characterized by 
precordial pain, dyspnea on exertion, palpitation, 
and irregularity of the heart's action, i. spine, a 
condition of spinal anemia frequently occurring in 
young hysterical females. There is pain along the 
spine with tenderness on pressure, and vertigo, 
nausea, palpitation and neuralgia, i. testicle. See 
testicle, i. tongue, the clean, very red tongue, with 
enlarged red papillae about its tip, seen in the dys- 
pepsia of drunkards. 

irritant (ir'-it-ant) [see irritability]. 1. Causing 
or giving rise to irritation. 2. An agent that induces 
irritation. 

irritation (ir-it-a' -shun) [see irritability]. 1. A 
condition of undue excitement. 2. The act of 
irritating or stimulating. 3. The stimulus necessary 
to the performance of a function. 

irritative (ir'-it-a-tiv) [see irritability]. Charac- 
terized by or dependent on irritation, i. fever, a 
febrile condition dependent upon the presence in 
the body of irritating substances. 

irrumation (ir-oo-ma'-shun) [irrumare, to give 
suck]. Sexual perversion where gratification is found 
by mouth; same as fellatio. 

isadelphia (is-a-del'-fe-ah) [Laos, equal; &8e\<f>6s, a 
brother]. A twin monstrosity in which each body 
is normal in the development of all essential organs 
but united by unimportant tissues. 

isadelphous (is-ad-el'-fus) [Laos, equal; d5eX<£6s, 
brother]. In biology, having an equal number of 
stamens in each bundle or brotherhood. 

Isambert's disease (e-zahm-bair) [Emile Isambert, 
French physician, 1827-1876]. Tuberculous ulcera- 
tion of the mouth, fauces, and pharynx. 

isapiol (is-ap'-e-ol) [Laos, equal; apiol], C12H14O4. 
An isomer of apiol obtained from it by action of 
alcoholic solution of potassium hydroxide with heat. 
In physiological properties it differs but slightly 
from apiol. 

isatin (i'-sat-in) [lo-hns, woad], C8H5NO2. A sub- 
stance obtained by the oxidation of indigo with 
HNOs. 

isatropylcocaine (is-at-ro' -pil-ko-ka' -in) , C19H22NO4. 
An amorphous alkaloid from coca leaves. It has 
no anesthetic properties, but is said to be an active 
cardiac poison. 

ischemia (is-ke'-me-ah) [to-xtf, to check; alua, 
blood]. Local anemia. 

ischemic (is-kem'-ik) [see ischemia]. Affected with 
or relating to ischemia. 

ischeocele (is'-ke-o-sel). See ischiocele. 

ischesis (is'-kes-is) [Zo-xew, to check]. Retention 
or suppression of a discharge or secretion. 

ischia (is'-ke-ah). Plural of ischium. 

ischiadic (is-ke-ad'-ik). Same as ischiatic. 

ischiagra \is-ke-a'*-grah) [LaxLov, hip; ay pa, seizure]. 
Gout in the hip. ; 

ischial (is'r-ke-dfyl} ^Pertaining or belonging to the 
ischium. 

ischialgia (is-ke^til'-je-ah) [ischium; aXyos, pain]. 
Sciatica; neuralgia of the hip. 

ischialgic (is-ke-aV-jik) [laxlov, hip; 4X705, pain]. 
Relating to or affected with ischialgia. 

ischias, ischiasis (is'~ke-as, is-ki'-a-sis). See 
ischialgia, ischias scoliotica (sko-le-ot'-ik-ah). A 
transitory scoliosis due to a painful affection of the 
muscles or nerves about the back. 

ischiatic (is-ke-at'-ih) $sehium]s> Pertaining to the 
ischium. rldaal >*r '« 



ISCHIATITIS 



477 



ISODYNAMIC 



ischiatitis (is-ke-at-i'-tis) [LaxLov, hip; ms, inflam- 
mation]. Inflammation of the sciatic nerve. 

ischiatocele (is-ke-at'-o-sel). See ischiocele. 

ischidrosis (is-kid-ro'-sis) [Laxw, to suppress; 
tSpus. sweat]. Suppression of sweat. 

ischidrotic (is-kid-rot'-ik) [i<rx«". to suppress; 
iSpoos, sweat]. Causing a retention or suppression 
of the sweat. 

ischien (is'-ke-en) [LaxLov, hip]. Belonging to the 
ischium in itself. 

ischigalactic (is-ke-gal-ak' '-tik) [Lax^Lv, to restrain; 
-ydXa, milk], i. Tending to check the flow of milk. 
2. An antigalactic agent or medicine. 

ischio- (is-ke-o-) [ischium]. A prefix indicating 
relationship to the ischium or the hip. 

iscnioanal (is-ke-o-a'-nal) [ischio-; anus]. Per- 
taining to the ischium and anus. 

ischiobulbar (is-ke-o-bul'-bar) [ischio-; /36X/3os, a 
bulb]. Pertaining to the ischium and the bulb 
of the urethra. 

ischiocapsular (is-ke-o-kap'-sii-lar) [ischio-; cap- 
sula, a capsule]. Pertaining to the ischium and 
the capsular ligament of the hip. 

ischiocavernosus (is-ke-o-kav-er-no'-sus) [ischio-; 
caverna, cavern]. The erector penis (or erector 
clitoridis). 

ischiocele (is'-ke-o-sel) [ischio-;, K17X17, hernia]. 
Hernia through the sciatic notch. 

iscbiococcygeus {is-ke-o-kok-sij'-e-us) [ischio-; coc- 
cyx]. The coccygeus muscle. 

ischiodidymus (is-ke-o-did'-im-us) [iax<-ov, hip; 
SLdvuos, double]. A double monstrosity united at 
the hips. 

ischiofemoral (is-ke-o-fem'-o-ral) [ischio-; femur]. 
1. Pertaining to the ischium and the femur. 2. The 
adductor magnus muscle. 

ischiomenia (is-ke-o-me'-ne-ah). See ischomenia. 

ischiomyelitis (is-ke-o-mi-el-i'-tis) [LaxLov, hip, loins; 
/xueXos, marrow; i-m inflammation]. Lumbar my elitis ; 
osphyomyelitis. 

ischioneuralgia (is-ke-o-nu-ral'-je-ah) [ischio-; neu- 
ralgia]. Sciatica. 

ischiopagus (is-ke-op'-ag-us) [LaxLov, hip; Kayos, 
united]. A monomphalic monstrosity united by 
the coccyges and the sacra, i. tetrapus, one with 
four legs. i. tripus, one with three legs. 

ischiopagy (is-ke-op'-aj-e) [ischio-; irayos, anything 
which has become solid]. A double monstrosity 
in which the two bodies are united at the coccyx and 
sacrum. 

ischioperineal (is-ke-o-per-in-e'-al) [ischio-; peri- 
neum]. 1. Pertaining to both ischium and peri- 
neum; pertaining to the space between the anus 
and the scrotum. 2. See Transversus perinczi under 
muscle. 

ischiophthisis (is-ke-off'this-is) [LaxLov, hip; <l>6Lais, 
a wasting]. Emaciation associated with or due to 
hip-joint disease. 

ischioprostatic (is-ke-o-pros-tat'-ik) . 1. Relating to 
the ischium and the prostate. 2. The transversus 
perinaei muscle. 

ischiopubic (is-ke-o-pu'-bik). Relating to the 
ischium and the pubes. 

ischiopubiotomy (is-ke-o-pii-be-ot'-o-me). Division 
of the ischial and pubic rami in otherwise impossible 
labor. 

ischiorectal (is-ke-o-rek'-tal) [ischio- ; rectum]. Per- 
taining to both ischium and rectum, i. abscess, 
an inflammation of the areolar tissue of the ischio- 
rectal fossa, i. fossa. See fossa, ischiorectal. 

ischiosacral (is-ke-o-sa'-kral). Pertaining to the 
ischium and sacrum. 

ischium (is'-ke-um) [LaxLov, hip]. The inferior 
part of the os innominatum; the bone upon which 
the body rests in sitting. 

ischnogyria (isk-no-ji' -re-ah) [LaxvSs, feeble; yvpos, 
curve]. A condition attended with slight develop- 
ment of the cerebral convolutions. 

ischo- (is'-ko-) [i<rx«i« , I to suppress]. A prefix 
meaning suppressed, stopped, or checked. 

ischoblennia (is-ko-blen'-e-ah) [Lax^v, to suppress; 
p\evvos, mucus]. The suppression of a mucous 
discharge. 

ischocenosis (is-ko-sen-o'-sis) [Laxeiv, to suppress; 
Kevwais, discharge]. The suppression of any 
established or normal discharge. 

ischocholia (is-ko-ko'-le-ah) [Laxeiv, to suppress; 
XoX^, bile]. A suppression of the flow of bile. 

ischochymia (is-ko-ki'-me-ah) [Laxw, to suppress; 
xbftos, juice]. Dilatation of the stomach. 



ischogalactia (is-ko-gal-ak'-te-ah) [laxeiv, to sup- 
press; yd\a, milk]. Suppression of the natural flow 
of milk. 

ischogyria (is-ko-ji'-re-ah) [Laxw, to suppress; 
yvpos, a curve]. The small convolutions produced 
by senile atrophy. Cf. ischnogyria. 

ischolochia (is-ko-lo'-ke-ah) [laxa-v, to suppress; 
\6xia, lochia]. Suppression of the lochia! flow. 

ischomenia (is-ko-me'-ne-ah) [Lax^-v, to suppress; 
p.r\v, month; menses]. Suppression of the menstrual 
flow. 

ischophonia (is-ko-fo'-ne-ah) [Laxeiv, to suppress; 
<povri, voice]. Aphonia. An impediment in speech. 

ischopyosis (is-ko-pi-o'-sis) [Laxeiv, to suppress; 
■kvov, pus]. The checking of any discharge of pus. 

iscnospermia (is-ko-sper' -me-ah) [Laxeiv, to check; 
o-irkpua, seed]. Suppression of semen. 

ischuretic (is-ku-ret'-ik) [see ischuria]. 1. Relating 
to or relieving ischuria. 2. A remedy or agent 
that relieves retention or suppression of urine. 

ischuria (is-ku'-re-ah) [Laxeiv, to suppress; ovpov, 
urine]. Retention or suppression of urine. 

ischyomy elitis (is-ke-o-mi-el-i'-tis). See ischio- 
myelitis. 

isinglass (i'-zing-glas). See ichthyocolla. i., 
vegetable. See agar. 

island (i'-land). See insula and blood-islands. 
i.s, Langerhans'. See under Langerhans. i. of 
Reil. See under Reil. 

isletin (iz' -let-in). Trade name for a preparation 
containing internal secretions of pancreas and spleen 
with spermin and sodium cacodylate. 

iso- (i-so-) [Laos, equal]. A prefix signifying 
equality, or, in chemical nomenclature, isomeric. 

isoagglutinin (i-so-ag-gloo' -tin-in) [iso-; agglutinin]. 
An agglutinin in the blood of an individual capable 
of agglutinating the blood-corpuscles of another 
individual of the same species. 

isoamylamine (i-so-am-il'-am-in) [iso-; amylum, 
starch; amin], A ptomaine obtained in the distilla- 
tion of horn with potassium hydroxide. It also 
occurs in the putrefaction of yeast. 

isoamylene (is-o-am'-il-en). See pental. 

isoapiol (i-so-a'-pe-ol) [iso-; apium, parsley; 
oleum, oil]. A substance obtained from apiol, 
exercising a powerful influence upon the vasomotor 
system. 

isobar (i'-so-bar) [iso-; jSapos, weight]. In mete- 
orology, a term denoting a line drawn through points 
haying the same synchronous barometric pressure. 

iso-bodies (i-so-bod'-ez). See isoagglutinin, iso- 
cytolysin, isohemolysin, etc. 

isocholesterin (i-so-ko-les'-ter-in) [iso-; cholesterin], 
C26H44O. A substance isomeric with cholesterin, 
and found in distilled sheeps' fat; it melts at 138 C. 

isocholin (i-so-ko'-lin) [iso-; X0X17, bile], C5H15NO2. 
A body isomeric with cholin; it is found in fly- 
agaric, and may be formed by oxidizing cholin. 

isochromatic (i-so-kro-mat'-ik) [iso-; xp^o-, color]. 
Having the same color throughout. 

isochronism (i-sok'-ro-nizm) [iso-; xpbvos, time]. 
The quality of occurring at equal intervals of time, 
or lasting for equal periods of time. 

isochronous (i-sok'-ro-nus) [iso-; xpovs, time]. 
Occurring at or occupying equal intervals of time. 

isocoria (i-so-ko'-re-ah) [iso-; Kopt), pupil]. Equal- 
ity in diameter of the two pupils. 

isocreatinin (i-so-kre-at'-in-in), C4H7N3O. An 
isomer of creatinin isolated from decomposing flesh. 

isocytolysin (i-so-si-tol'-is-in) [iso-; kvtos, cell; 
Xueu', to loose]. A cytolysin from the blood of an 
animal, capable of acting against the cells of other 
animals of the same species. Cf. isohemolysin. 

isodactylous (i-so-dak'-til-us) [Laos, equal; SojctvXos, 
digit]. In biology, having the fingers and toes alike. 

isodiametric (i-so-di-am-et'-rik) [iso-; Sid, through; 
nerpov,a. measure]. Having equal diameters. 

isodimorphism (i-so-di-morf'-ism) [Laos, equal; 
SLnop<pos, two-formed]. A form of dimorphism, 
characterized by the appearance of a substance in 
two similar but incompatible forms. 

isodont (i'-so-dont) [Laos, equal; oSovs, tooth], 
Having teeth of the same size and shape. 

isodulcite (i-so-dul'-sit). See rhamnose. 

isodynamia (i-so-di-nam'-e-ah) [Laos, equal; bvva- 
tiis, force]. The property of being isodynamic. 

isodynamic (i-so-di-nam'-ik) [iso-; Swapis, force]. 
Having or generating equal amounts of force. 1. 
foods, those that produce an equal amount of heat 
in undergoing the chemical changes of digestion. 



ISOELECTRICAL 



478 



ISSAEFF'S PERIOD 



isoelectrical (i-so-e-lek' -trik-aV) [iso-; ffkenrpov, am- 
ber]. Having the same electrical properties through- 
out. 

isoerytbxoagglutinin (i-so-er-ith-ro-ag-gloo' -tin-in) . 
See isoagglutinin. 

isoform (i'-so-form). An antiseptic dusting powder 
composed of equal parts of para-iodoxyanisol and 
calcium phosphate. 

isogamous (i-sog'-am-us) [laos, equal; ya/ios, marri- 
age]. A term used to designate that mode of repro- 
duction in which the uniting gametes are of equal 
size. The same as conjugating. 

isogamy (is-og'-am-e) [laos, equal; y&p.os, marriage]. 
The production of gametes of uniform size and 
incapable of being distinguished as macrogametes or 
microgametes. In biology, conjugation of similar 
gametes. 

isoglucosic (i-so-gloo-ko'-sic). A term applied to a 
diabetic diet containing an amount of carbohydrates 
equal to the patient's tolerance. 

isogonic {i-so-gon'-ik) [ laos, equal; yovos, offspring]. 
In biology, characterized by isogonism. 

isogonism (i-sog'-o-nizm) [Laos, equal; yovos, off- 
spring]. In biology, the production by different 
stocks of sexual organisms of identical structure. 

isohemoagglutinin (i-so-hem-o-ag-gloo' -tin-in). See 
isoagglutinin. 

isohemolysin (i-so-hem-oV-is-in) [iso-; alfia, blood; 
\v%iv, to loose]. In Ehrlich's lateral-chain theory, 
a hemolysin capable of acting against the blood of 
other animals of the same species as the one pro- 
ducing it, but capable of hemolizing the red blood- 
corpuscles only of such as have red blood-corpuscle 
receptors very similar to or identical with the re- 
ceptors of the blood giving rise to the hemolysin. 
Cf. isocytolysin. 

isoidiolysin (i-so-id-e-ol'-is-in). See idioisolysin. 

isolactose (i-so-lak'-tos). A disaccharid or true 
sugar formed by the action of an enzyme on lactose or 
milk-sugar. 

isolate (is'-o-lat) [insula, an island]. To separate; 
to place apart. 

isolation (is-o-la'-shun). The act or process of 
isolating, or the state of being isolated; separation 
of those ill of contagious diseases from other 
persons. 

isologous (i-sol'-o-gus) [laos, equal; \6yoe, method, 
ratio, or system]. Having similar relations or pro- 
portions. A qualification applied to compounds 
containing a like number of carbon-atoms, with a 
gradually decreasing number of hydrogen-atoms. 

isolophobia (is-o-lo-fo' -be-ah) [insula, an island; 
<£60os, fear]. Morbid dread of being alone. 

isolysin (i-sol'-is-in) [iso-; \ietv, to loose]. A 
cytolysin produced by injecting red blood-cells into 
an animal of the same species. An isolysin will 
destroy the red blood-cells of any animal of the same 
species except those of the immunized individual. 
Cf. heterolysin. 

isolysis (i-sol'-is-is). The hemolytic action of the 
blood-serum of an animal of one species upon the 
corpuscles of another individual of the same species. 

isolytic (i-so-lit'-ik). Pertaining to or caused 
by isolysis or an isolysin. 

isomaltose (i-so-mawl'-tos), C12H22O11. A sac- 
charose formed by the action on starch of an enzyme 
capable of producing maltose. It occurs in small 
quantity in the urine. 

isomer (i'-som-er) [iso-; p.kpos, a part]. An 
isomeric body. See isomeric. 

isomeric (i-so-mer'-ik) [see isomer]. Of a chemical 
substance, composed of the same elements united 
in the same proportions by weight; in a restricted 
sense, composed of the same elements and having 
the same molecular weight as another substance. 

isomerism {i-som'-er-izm) [see isomer]. The 
quality of being isomeric. Isomerism is of two 
kinds — (1) substances may have the same per- 
centage-composition and the same molecular weights; 
these are termed metameric; (2) they may have the 
same percentage-composition, but different molecular 
weights; these are termed polymeric. Ammonium 
cyanate, CON . NH4, and urea, CON2H4, are meta- 
meric; acetylene, C2H2, benzene, C6H6, and styrene, 
CsHs, are polymeric, i., physical, the form in which 
bodies that are isomeric and do not differ chemically 
present different physical properties, such as their 
action toward polarized light. 

isometric (i-so-met'-rik) [iso-; p.krpov, a measure]. 
Of the same dimensions, i. muscular act, the preser- 



vation of the length of a muscle when stimulated, the 
muscle undergoing change in tension only. 

isometropia (i-so-met-ro'-pe-ah) [iso-; y.krpov, a 
measure; &4>, eye]. Equality of kind and degree in 
the refraction of the two eyes. 

isomorphic (i-so-mor'-fik) [iso-; /j.op4>rj, form]. 
Having the same form; of crystals, crystallizing in 
the same form. 

isomorphism (i-so-mor'-fizm) [see isomorphic]. 
Similarity in crystalline form. 

isomorphous (i-so-mor'-fus). See isomorphic. 

isonaphthol (i-so-naf'-thol). A compound from 
naphthalene; a local antiseptic. 

isonomic (i-so-nom'-ik). In chemistry, applied to 
isomorphism existing between two compounds of like 
composition. 

isopathotherapy (i-so-path-o-ther'-ap-e). Same as 
isopathy, q. v. 

isopathy (i-sop'-ath-e) [iso-; ir&Bos, suffering}. 
The treatment of disease by the administration of 
the causative agent or of its products, as the treat- 
ment of smallpox by the administration of variolous 
matter. 

isopelletierine (i-so-pel-et'-e-er-in). See pelletierine. 

isopepsin (i-so-pep'-sin) [iso-; pepsin]. 1. A body 
formed by heating pepsin to a point between 104 
and 140 F. (40°-6o° C). It changes albumin into 
parapeptqne. 2. Same as parapeptone. 

isophoria (i-so-fo'-re-ah) [iso-; 4>6pos, a tending]. 
A condition in which the eyes lie in the same hori- 
zontal plane, the tension of the vertical muscles of 
each eye being equal, and the visual lines lying in 
the same plane. 

isopia (i-so'-pe-ah) [laos, equal; cty-, eye]. Equal 
acuteness of vision in the two eyes. 

isopilocarpine (i-so-pi-lo-kar'-pin). An alkaloid 
from jaborandi isomeric with pilocarpine and similar 
to it in physiological effect, but weaker. 

isopleural (i-so-ploo'-ralj [laos, equal; irXevpa, a 
rib]. Bilaterally symmetrical. 

isopral (i'-so-pral). Trichlorisopropyl alcohol. A 
hypnotic substance with odor of camphor. 

isoprecipitin (i-so-pre-sip'-it-iri). A precipitin 
which is only active against the serum of animals of 
the same species as that from which it is derived. 

isopters (i-sop'-terz) [iso-; birr-hp, observer]. The 
curves of relative visual acuity of the retina, at differ- 
ent distances from the macula, for form and for color. 

isoscope (i'-so-skop) [taos, equal; o-noireiv, to see]. 
An instrument consisting of two sets of parallel 
vertical wires, one of which can be superimposed on 
the other; it is designed to show that the vertical 
lines of separation of the retina do not correspond 
exactly to the vertical meridians. 

isostemonous (i-so-stem'-o-nus) [laos, equal; arri- 
fiov, a stamen]. In biology, having the stamens of 
the same number as the parts of the calyx or corolla. 

isotherapeutics (i-so-ther-ap-u'-tiks). Same as 
isopathotherapy. 

isothermal (i-so-ther'-mal) [iso-; depfiv, heat]. 
Of equal or uniform temperature, i. lines, lines 
drawn through places having the same average 
temperature for a given period of time. 

isotonia (i-so-to'-ne-ah) [laos, equal; tovos, tension]. 
Equality of tension. 

isotonic (i-so-ton'-ik) [iso-; tovos, tension]. 1. 
Having uniform tension or tonicity. 2. Applied 
to a solution of equal density, as the blood or some 
other fluid taken as a standard, i. muscle, a muscle 
that contracts on stimulation, its tension remaining 
the same. i. salt solution, one having the same 
osmotic tension as the blood-serum ; a 0.9 % or "physi- 
ological salt solution." 

isotonicity (is-o-ton-is'-it-e). 1. Same as isotonia. 
2. Equality of osmotic pressure in different fluids. 

isotoxin (i-so-toks' -in) [iso-; to£lk6v, poison]. 
A toxin elaborated in the blood of an animal and toxic 
for animals of the same species. 

isotropic, isotropous (i-so-trop'-ik, i-sot' -ro-pus) 
[see isotropy]. 1. Having the same shape and appear- 
ance, from whatever point observed. 2. Being 
singly and uniformly refractive. 

isotropy (i-sot' -ro-pe) [iso-; rpoirrj, turning]. 1. The 
condition of having equal or uniform properties 
throughout. 2. In embryology, Pfliiger's term for 
absence of predetermined axes. 

Issaeff's period of resistance. A temporary power 
of resistance to inoculation by virulent cultures of 
bacteria, conferred by the injection of various 
substances, such as salt solution, urine, serum, etc. 



ISSUE 



479 



IZAL 



issue (ish'-u) [Ft., issue, from exire, to go out]. 
I. An ulcer or fistulous passage made and kept up 
artificially for purposes of counter-irritation. 2. Off- 
spring. 3. A discharge or flux. i. pea, a pea-shaped 
foreign body, as of ivy-wood or orris-root, inserted 
into an issue to keep up suppuration. 

istarin (is' -tar-in). A nitrogenous, phosphorized 
substance of complex structure occurring in brain- 
tissue. 

isthmian, isthmic (is'-me-an, is'-mik) [ladnos, a 
narrow passage]. Pertaining to any isthmus, as that 
of the fauces. 

isthmitis (is-mi'-tis) [latinos, a narrow passage; 
ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the fauces. 

isthmo- (is' -mo-) [iV0/i6s, a neck]. A prefix 
signifying the fauces. 

isthmocatarrhus (is-mo-kat-ar'-us). A catarrh of 
the faucial isthmus. 

isthmocholosis (is-mo-kol-o'-sis) [isthmus; xoK-h, 
bile]. Angina accompanied with bilious disorder. 

isthmodynia (is-mo-din'-e-ah) [isthmo-; odvvij, 
pain]. Pain in the faucial isthmus. 

isthmoid (is' -moid) [latinos, a neck; eldos, like- 
ness]. Resembling an isthmus. 

isthmopathy (is-mop'-ath-e). A disease of the 
faucial isthmus. 

isthmoplegia (is-mo-ple'-je-ah). Paralysis of the 
faucial tract. 

isthmopolypus (is-mo-pol'-ip-us). A polyp of the 
fauces. 

isthmopyra (is-mo-pi'-rah) [isthmus; irvp, fire]. 
Inflammation of the mucosa of the fauces. 

isthmorrhagia (is-mor-a'-je-ah). Hemorrhage from 
the throat. 

isthmospasm (is'-mo-spazm). Spasm of the isth- 
mus of the fauces. 

isthmus (is'-mus). The neck or constricted part 
of an organ. The part of the brain which, situated 
axially, serves to unite the forebrain, the cerebellum, 
and the spinal cord. i. cerebri, the midbrain, i., 
gyral, a narrow gyrus connecting two adjoining gyri; 
an annectant convolution or pli de passage, i. of 
fauces, the space between the arches of the palate. 
i. rhombencephali, the constriction between the 
third primary brain-vesicle and the midbrain. 
i. of thyroid gland, the narrow transverse part con- 
necting the lobes of the thyroid body. 

istizin (is'-tiz-in). A laxative preparation said to 
be dioxyanthiachinone. Dose 5 grains, dissolved in 
water. 

isutan (is'-u-tan). A proprietary compound said 
to consist of bismuth, resorcin, and tannic acid; 
used in diarrhea of children. Dose, 1-3 gr. (0.065- 
0.2 gm.) every 2 hours. Syn., bismutan. 

Italian leprosy. See pellagra. I. rhinoplasty. 
See operation, Italian. 

Itard's catheter (e'-tar) [Jean Marie Gaspard 
Itard, Parisian otologist, 1 774-1 838]. A Eustachian 
catheter. 

itch (ich) [AS., giccan, to itch]. 1. An irritating 
sensation in the skin. 2. A name for various skin 
diseases accompanied by itching, particularly scabies. 
i., barber's. See sycosis parasitaria. L, coolie, a 
superficial vesicular dermatitis confined entirely to 
the lower extremities, caused by the larva? of JJnci- 
naria duodenalis. It is endemic in Assam and other 
tropical regions among the laborers in tea-gardens 
and in damp soil, i., Cuban, a disease supposed to 
be a mild form of smallpox introduced by soldiers 
returning from the Cuban war. i., dhobie, a form 
of ringworm locating itself under the arms and 
between the legs when the skin is moist; very trouble- 
some to soldiers in the tropics. Syn., Manila itch. 
i., frost, pruritus hiemalis. i.-mite. See Acarus 
scabiei. 



itching (ich'-ing). An irritable tickling of the 
skin; pruritus. 

itchol (itch' -61). A proprietary ointment said to 
consist of lanolin, vaselin, iodoform, glycerin, phenol 
and oils of eucalyptus and lavender. 

-ite (-it). 1. A suffix employed in mineralogy to 
denote a mineral or of mineral origin. 2. A suffix 
employed in chemistry for the salt of an acid that 
has the suffix -ous. 

iter (i'-ter) [L.]. A passageway, i. ad infundi- 
bulum, the passage between the third ventricle of 
the brain and the infundibulum. i. a tertio ad quar- 
tum ventriculum, the aqueduct of Sylvius, extending 
from the third ventricle to the fourth, i. chordae 
anterius, the aperture through which the chorda 
tympani nerve leaves the tympanum, i. chordae pos- 
terius, the aperture through which the chorda tym- 
pani nerve enters the tympanum, i. dentium, the 
canal of the permanent dental sac opening behind 
the corresponding temporary tooth and through which 
the permanent tooth rises, i. femineum, the peri- 
neum, i. seminarium, the vas deferens, i. urinae, 
i. urinarium, the urinary passages. 

iteral (i'-ter -al) [iter]. Relating to an iter or 
passage, particularly the Sylvian aqueduct. 

ithycyphes, ithycyphos (ith-e-si'-fez, -fos) [Wvkv<j>tis, 
curved directly outward]. Having a backward 
angular projection of the spinal column. 

itinerarium (i-tin-er-a'-re-um) [iter]. A lithotomy 
staff. 

-itis (-i-tis) [ins, inflammation]. A suffix now used 
to denote inflammation; originally it had no such 
limited meaning, but was applied to any morbid 
condition. 

itrol (it'-rol). Silver citrate. See under silver. 

itrosyl (it'-ro-sil). Concentrated nitrous ether. 

IU. Abbreviation for immunizing unit. 

ivaine (i'-va-en) [iva, Latin name of Achillea 
moschata], C21H12O5. An alkaloid obtained from 
Achillea moschata. 

iva-oil (i'-vah-oil). A blue-green, volatile oil, of 
strong penetrating smell and taste of peppermint, 
obtained from iva, Achillea moschata. Its principal 
constituent is ivaol. 

ivaol (i'-vah-ol), C10H20O. A pale yellow oily liquid 
of bitter taste and pleasant smell, the principal con- 
stituent of iva-oil (q. v.). 

ivory (i'-vor-e) [eboreus, made of ivory, from ebur, 
ivory]. The hard, bone-like substance chiefly ob- 
tained from the tusks of elephants, i.-black, animal 
charcoal, i., decalcified, ivory treated with acid and 
deprived of inorganic constituents, i., dental, dentin. 

ivy (i'-ve). An evergreen (Hedera helix), not used 
in medicine, i.-pea, an issue-pea made of the wood 
of the ivy. i., poison. See rhus. 

Iwanoff's edema of the retina. Cystoid degenera- 
tion of the retina. 

Ixodes (iks-o'-dez) [i£6s, bird-lime; eldos, form]. 
A genus of the order Acarida, including most of the 
parasitic ticks. 

ixodiasis (iks-o-di'-as-is). Lesions and symptoms 
due to the presence of ticks of the genus Ixodes; 
tick fever. 

ixodic (iks-od'-ik) [see Ixodes]. Due to or derived 
from ticks. 

ixodin (iks'-od-in) [see ixodes], A ferment found 
in an extract of wood-ticks, obtained by means of a 
physiological salt solution. This substance injected 
intravenously in large quantities reduces blood- 
pressure and arrests cardiac action. 

ixyomyelitis (iks-e-o-mi-el-i'-tis) [l£vs, waist; nvtkbs, 
marrow; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the 
lumbar portion of the spinal cord. 

izal (i'-zal). Trade name of a proprietary dis- 
infectant obtained in the process of coke-formation. 



J 



j. As a Roman numeral it is used as the equiva- 
lent of i for one, or at the end of a number, as j, ij, 
iij, vj, vij, etc. 

J. Symbol of Joule's equivalent. 

jabber (jab'-er) [ME., jaber, to chatter]. To talk 
rapidly and indistinctly ; to chatter. 

jaborandi (Jab-or-an'-de). See pilocarpus. 

jaborandine (Jab-o-ran'-den). Synonym of pilo- 
carpine. 

jaboridine (jab-or' '-id-en), C10H12N2O3. An alkaloid 
derived from jaborandi. 

jaborine (jab'-or-en), C22H32N4O4. An alkaloid 
from jaborandi, a white amorphous powder with 
properties like those of atropine. 

Jaboulay's button (zjab-oo-la') [Mathieu Jaboulay, 
French surgeon, 1860-1913]. An arrangement of 
two cylinders which fit together and are used in 
lateral intestinal anastomosis. J.'s operation, exo- 
thyropexy. 

Jacaranda (jak-ar-an'-dah). A genus of bignoni- 
aceous plants of tropical America, several species of 
which are employed in syphilis in Brazil. J. caroba 
is antisyphilitic and is of service in the treatment of 
urethritis, rheumatism, and skin diseases. Dose of 
the fluidextract 16 min.-i dr. (1-4 Cc). J. lanci- 
foliata is used by the natives of Brazil in urethritis. 
Dose of a 1:8 tincture 15 min. (1 Cc); of the 
fluidextract 16-30 min. (1-2 Cc). J. procera is 
indigenous to South America, and furnishes Caraiba 
bark, used in diarrhea and dysentery. The leaves 
are tonic, diaphoretic, and diuretic, and used in 
gonorrhea, gout, etc. 

Jaccoud's dissociated fever (zjak-kooz') [Sigis- 
mond Jaccoud, French physician, 1830- ]. Fever 
with irregularity and slowness of the pulse in tubercu- 
lous meningitis of adults. J.'s sign. 1. A lateral 
displacement and rolling movement of a portion of 
the thoracic wall in adherent pericardium, especially 
when this is associated with extrapericardiac ad- 
hesions. 2. Prominence of the aorta in the region 
of the suprasternal notch in cases of aortic dilation. 

jack (jak). A popular term for horse-flesh salted 
and subsequently washed in order to deprive it of 
its peculiar taste, j.-knife posture, the patient 
reclines on his back with shoulders elevated, legs flexed 
onthighs, and thighs at right angles to abdomen. 

jacket (jak'-et) [Fr., jacque, a coat of mail]. A 
short coat, j., bark, a jacket stuffed with powdered 
cinchona, j., cotton, a jacket lined with cotton, 
sometimes used in the treatment of pneumonia. 
j., plaster-of-Paris, a mould of plaster-of-Paris cast 
upon body or part, for keeping it rigid and fixed in 
a desired position in sprain or dislocation of the 
spine, etc. j.-poultice, a poultice placed between two 
folds of gauze or other material and applied about the 
whole surface of the thorax; it is sometimes used in 
the treatment of pneumonia, j., Sayre's, a plaster 
of Paris jacket used to support the spinal column. 
j., strait, a system of leather straps used to bind 
violently insane persons in order to prevent self- 
inflicted injury, j., Willock's respiratory, a jacket 
used in pulmonary emphysema. * 

Jackson's membrane or veil (jak'-sun) [Jabez 
North Jackson, American surgeon, 1868- ]. A 
thin membrane extending from the parietal peri- 
toneum of the right side across the front of the 
ascending colon to the inner side and continuous 
above with the transverse mesocolon. 

Jackson's pectoral syrup [Samuel Jackson, of 
Philadelphia]. A cough medicine containing mor- 
phine hydrochloride, oil of sassafras, and syrup of 
acacia; one fluidrachm contains & grain of morphine 
hydrochloride. Dose 1 fluidrachm (4 cc). 

Jackson's syndrome (jak'-sun) [John Hughlings 
Jackson, English physician, 1834-1911]. Associated 
paralysis of the soft palate and larynx, accompanied 
by paralysis of the trapezius, the sternomastoid, and 
one-half of the tongue. 



Jacksonian (jak-so'-ne-an). Described by John 
Hughlings Jackson, English physician, 1834-1911. 
J. epilepsy, focal, cortical, or symptomatic epilepsy; 
a spasm limited to a single group of muscles in the 
face, arm, or leg, due generally to irritative lesion of 
the motor area of the brain; the spasm may also in- 
volve other groups of muscles; consciousness is usually 
retained; there is danger of the convulsions becoming 
general. 

Jacob's cataract needle (ja'-kub) [Arthur Jacob, 
Irish ophthalmologist, 1 790-1 874]. A needle with a 
slightly curved point, used in treating cataract. 
J.'s membrane, the layer of rods and cones of the 
retina. J.'s operation, for trichiasis; scalping of 
the edge of the lid, including the cilia and the hair- 
bulbs. J.'s ulcer, same as rodent ulcer. J.'s 
wound, chancroidal ulcer. 

Jacobson's anastomosis [Ludwig Levin Jacobson, 
Danish anatomist, 1783-1843]. The tympanic 
plexus. J.'s canal, the tympanic canal that opens 
on the lower surface of the petrous portion of the 
temporal bone and transmits Jacobson's nerve. J.'s 
cartilage, a strip of hyaline cartilage extending from 
the nasal spine upward and backward between the 
nasal septum and vomer; it is well developed in 
certain animals, but rudimentary in man. J.'s 
nerve, the tympanic branch of the glossopharyngeal 
nerve. J.'s organ, a short, rudimentary canal, 
extending along the septum of Stenson's duct, and 
ending in a culdesac J.'s plexus, the tympanic 
plexus. J.'s retinitis, diffuse syphilitic retinitis. 
J.'s sulcus, the vertical sulcus for the tympanic 
nerve on the promontory of the tympanum. 

Jacquart's angle (zjak-ar'). The facial angle; that 
angle between the line joining the subnasal point 
and the glabella, and the line joining the subnasal 
and auricular points. 

Jacquemier's sign (zjak-me-a') [Jean Marie 
Jacquemier, French obstetrician, 1 806-1 879]. Blue 
coloration of the vaginal mucosa appearing about 
the twelfth week of pregnancy. 

Jacquemin's test for phenol (zjak-man). Add to 
the solution an equal amount of anilin and then a 
solution of sodium hypochlorite; a blue color is pro- 
duced. 

jactitation (jak-tit-a'-shun) [jactitare, to pour 
forth]. A tossing about, great restlessness, a con- 
dition at times present in grave diseases, j., peri- 
odic, chorea. 

jaculiferous (jak-u-lif'-ur-us) [jaculum, a dart; 
ferre, to bear]. Prickly, bearing spines. 

Jadassohn's disease (yah' -das-son) [Josef Jadas- 
sohn, Swiss dermatologist, 1863- ]• A maculo- 
papular erythema. 

jadelot's lines, J.'s furrows (zjad'-lo) [Jean Fran- 
cois Nicolas Jadelot, French physician, -1830]. 
Certain furrows of the face observed in conditions of 
disease. Three sets are distinguished: The genal 
and nasal furrows are said to indicate disease of the 
gastrointestinal tract or abdominal viscera; the 
former runs from the mouth toward the malar bone, 
the latter from the nasal alae in a semicircle about 
the mouth; the labial furrow, from the angle of the 
mouth outward to the lower part of the face, indi- 
cates disease of the lungs; the oculozygomatic furrow, 
beginning at the inner canthus of the eye, and passing 
outward below the lower lid, to be lost on the cheek; 
it is said to point to disorders of the nervous system. 

Jaeger's test types (ya'-ger) [Edward Jaeger von 
Jastthal, Austrian ophthalmologist, 1818-1884]. 
A series of types of varying size, for testing the power 
of vision. 

Jaffe's reaction for creatinin (yaf-fay') [Max Jaffi, 
German physician, 1841- ]. Add to the solution 
a solution of picric acid and a few drops of sodium 
hydroxide solution, and warm. The presence of 
creatinin is evinced by a red coloration, which changes 
to yellow if acid is added. Acetone and glucose give 



JAIL-FEVER 



481 



JAUNDICE 



a similar reaction. J.'s sign, the flow of pus from a 
tube inserted into a subdiaphragmatic abscess is more 
abundant during inspiration than during expiration; 
if the collection is thoracic, the inverse holds true. 
Paralysis of the diaphragm prevents the manifesta- 
tion of this sign. J.'s test for indican, add to the 
suspected liquid an equal amount of concentrated 
hydrochloric acid to which has been added a few 
drops of sodium hypochlorite. A blue color denotes 
the presence of indican. 

jail-fever. Typhus fever. 

(von) Jaksch's disease (yaksh) [Rudolf von Jaksch, 
Austrian physician, 1855- ]. Infantile pseudo- 
leukemia, v. J.'s test for free hydrochloric acid in 
gastric juice, saturate filter-paper with a solution 
of benzopurpurin 6 B, and dry; this gives, with 
dilute solutions of HC1, a beautiful violet color. 
If it assumes a dark-blue color, the solution contains 
more than 0.4 Gm. of HC1 in 100 Cc. of the solu- 
tion, v. J.'s test for glucose in urine, to 6-8 Cc. 
of urine add 2 parts of phenylhydrazin hydrochlorate 
and 3 parts of sodium acetate; warm, place the tube 
in boiling water for from 20 to 30 minutes, then in 
cold water. The presence of glucose is shown 
by a precipitate consisting of groups of yellow needles 
of phenylglucosazone. In doubtful cases determine 
the melting-point of these crystals to be 204°-20S° 
C. v. J.'s test for melanin, treat the liquid to be 
tested with a few drops of a concentrated solution of 
ferric chloride. If melanin is present, it will turn gray, 
and more ferric chloride being added, the precipitate, 
consisting of the coloring-matter and the phosphates, 
is redissolved. v. J.'s test for uric acid, allow 
the powder to heat gently on a watch-glass with a 
drop or two of chlorine or bromine water. A red 
residue is formed which, when cold, turns a purple 
red when ammonia is added. 

jalap, jalapa (jal'-ap, -a) [from Xalapa, a city 
of Mexico]. The tuberous root of Exogonium purga, 
a plant of the natural order Convolvulacece. Its active 
principle is a resin which contains a glucoside, con- 
volvulin, C31H50O16. Jalap is an active hydragogue 
cathartic, and is used to remove dropsical effusions 
by the bowel. Combined with calomel it is a favor- 
ite remedy in bilious fever. Dose of powdered jalap 
5-30 gr. (1-2 Gm.). j., compound powder of (pulvis 
jalapa compositus, U. S. P.). Dose 10 gr.-i dr. 
(0.65-4.0 Gm.). j., resin of (resina jalapa, U. S. P.) 
Dose 4-8 gr. (0.26-0.52 Gm.). 

jalapin {jal'-ap-in) [jalap]. 1. A purgative gluco- 
side, from various kinds of jalap. 2. C34H56O16. The 
precipitate from a tincture of jalap; dose 3 gr. 

jalapinol (jal-ap'-in-ol). A crystalline decomposi- 
tion product of jalapin. 

jalon (jal'-on). A proprietary liquid preparation 
of colloidal silver for internal administration, in 
gastric and intestinal disorders. 

Jamaica dogwood. See Piscidia erythrina. 

jamaicin (jam-a'-is-in). A bitter cathartic sub- 
stance from the bark of the cabbage-tree, Andira 
inermis, identical with berberin. 

jambul (jam'-bul) [E. Ind., jambu]. The dried 
and powdered fruit-stones of Syzygium jambolanum, 
a shrub of the order Myrtaceoe, growing in Western 
India. It is a valuable astringent in the diarrheas 
of children, and has also been found to lessen the 
amount of sugar and urine excreted in diabetes. 
Dose gr. ij-x; of the fluid extract of the seeds, np v-x. 
Unof. 

James' pill [Robert James, English physician, 1705- 
1776]. A pill containing equal parts of James' 
powder, ammoniac, and pill of aloes and myrrh. 
J.'s powder. See antimony, powder of. 

Jamestown weed. See Stramonium. 

Jamieson's salve. Lanolin, 3 parts; oil of sweet 
almond, \ part; distilled water, § part. A base for 
eye-ointments. 

Janet's method (zjan-a'). The treatment of 
gonorrhea by irrigation with potassium permanga- 
nate. 

Janeway's pill [Edward Gamaliel Janeway, 
American physician, 1841-1911]. A pill of aloes, 
podophyllum, belladonna and nux vomica. 

Janeway's sphygmomanometer [Theodore C. Jane- 
way, American physician, 1872- ]. An apparatus 
for determining the blood pressure. 

janiceps (jan'-is-eps) [Janus, a two-faced divinity; 
caput, head]. A syncephalic monstrosity with two 
faces, j. asymmetrus, a j. with the two faces un- 
equally developed. 
17 



janitor (jan'-it-or) [L., doorkeeper]. The pylorus. 

janitrix (jan'-i-trix) [L., fem. of janitor]. The 
portal vein. 

Janosik's embryo (yahn'-o-sik). A human embryo 
described by Janosik as having two gill-pouches and 
three aortic arches. 

Jansen's operation (yahn'-sen) [Albert Jansen, 
German otologist]. It consists of curettage of the 
frontal sinus after removing the lower wall and the 
lower part of the anterior wall of that sinus. 

janus (Ja'-nus). See janiceps. 

japaconine (jap-ak'-on-en), C26H41NO10. A de- 
composition-product of japaconitine. 

japaconitine (jap-ak-on' -it-en), C66H88N2O21. The 
most poisonous of the known aconite alkaloids. It is 
obtained from Aconitum japonicum. On saponi- 
fication it splits up into benzoic acid and japaconine. 

Japanese (jap-an-ez') [Japan, an island on the 
east coast of Asia]. Pertaining to Japan or its 
inhabitants. J. fanning. See J. method of resusci- 
tation. J. hot-box, a device for applying dry-heat 
to a part, as the eyes. J. method of resuscitation, 
it consists in drawing forward the tongue and making 
rapid passes with paper fans soaked in water and 
aqua ammonia?. The object is to get as much of 
the vapor of ammonia into the lungs as possible. 
This method is also called Japanese fanning. J. 
river fever. See kedani disease. 

jar. A small earthen or glass vessel without handle 
or spout, j., Leyden, an electric condenser consisting 
of a glass jar lined, externally and internally, in its 
lower two-thirds with tin. 

jardon (jar' -don). A tumor or exostosis on the 
outer and lower part of the leg of a horse, below the 
bending of the ham. 

jargon (jar'-gon). Confused, unintelligible talk, 
gibberish, babble, characteristic of some forms of 
idiocy and insanity, j. aphasia, j. paraphasia. See 
aphasia, gibberish. 

jargonize (jar' -gon-iz) . To utter unintelligible 
sounds. 

Jarisch's ointment (yah'-rish) [O. Jarisch, Austrian 
physician, 1850- ]. An ointment containing 
pyrogallic acid, one dram, and lard, one ounce. J.'s 
reaction. See Herxheimer's reaction. 

Jarjavay's muscle (zjar-zjav-a') [Jean Francois 
Jarjavay, French physician, 1815-1868]. The de- 
pressor urethra?, a fasciculus of the constrictor 
urethrae that passes transversely over the urethra 
and joins the fibers of the constrictor vagina?. 

Jarvis's adjuster (jar' -vis). An appliance formerly 
used for reducing dislocations. 

Jarvis's snare (jar'-vis) [William Chapman 
Jarivs, New York physician, 1855-1895]. A snare 
used for removing polypoid growths in the nose and 
throat. _ 

jasmine (jas'-min). See gelsemium. 

jaswa (jas'-weh) [Siberian]. Local name of 
anthrax. 

Jatropha (jat'-ro-fah) [larpos, a physician; rpo<f>ri, 
nourishment]. A genus of euphorbiaceous plants. 
J. curcas is the source of purging-nuts. J. gossy- 
pifolia, the tua-tua plant, indigenous to South 
America, West Indies, and Africa, has purgative 
leaves used in colic and bilious affections. It is highly 
extolled in Venezuela as a cure for leprosy. J. 
manihot yields tapioca. 

jaundice (jawn'-dis) [Fr., jaunisse, from jaune, 
yellow]. A yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous 
membranes, and secretions, due to the presence of 
bile-pigments in the blood. See icterus, j., acathec- 
tic, j., akathektic, a name given by Liebermeister to 
the majority of cases usually classified as hema- 
togenous icterus, but which he holds to be due to a 
disturbed activity of the liver-cells, which, in conse- 
quence of injury, lose their ability to secrete bile in 
the direction of the bile-ducts, a consequence of 
which is the diffusion of the bile into the blood-vessels 
and lymph-vessels of the liver. Syn., diffusion 
icterus; functional jaundice, j., acute febrile. See 
Weil's disease, j., acute infective. See Weil's 
disease, j., black, an extreme degree of jaundice. 
j., black of the Tyrol, an endemic disease, due, 
according to Melinkow-Raswedenkow, to Echino- 
coccus alveolaris. He proposes the name alveolar 
echinococcus disease, j., Budd's. Rokitansky's dis- 
ease, j., catarrhal, that due to swelling of the 
bile-ducts from catarrh, j., functional. See j., 
acathectic. j., green, that in which the discoloration 
of the skin is green or olive-colored. Syn., icterus 



JAVAL'S OPHTHALMOMETER 



482 



JEQUIRITOL 



viridis. j., hematogenous, that form due to excessive 
destruction of blood-corpuscles, j., hepatogenous, 
that due to obstruction to the flow of bile from the 
liver. By some all forms of jaundice are considered 
hepatogenous, since bile is made only in the liver. 
j., lead, the earthy yellow hue of the skin in saturnine 
cachexia, j., malignant, acute yellow atrophy of the 
liver. See icterus gravis, j., Murphy's law of, 
jaundice due to gall-stones is always preceded by 
colic; jaundice due to malignant disease, or catarrh 
of the ducts accompanied by infection, is never 
preceded by colic, j. of the new-born. See icterus 
neonatorum, j., obstructive, that due to permanent 
obstruction of the common bile-duct. It is per- 
sistent and deep, and accompanied by irritability, 
depression, and later coma, delirium or convulsions, 
a slow pulse, and subcutaneous hemorrhages, j., 
paradoxic, Addison's disease, j., red, a non-febrile 
diffused redness of the skin, j., retention. See j., 
obstructive, j., saturnine, jaundice occurring in 
lead-poisoning, j., vernal, mild catarrhal jaundice 
occurring oftenest in spring and fall because of the 
atmospheric changes, j., white. Synonym of chlo- 
rosis. 

Javal's ophthalmometer (zjav-aV) [Louis Emile 
Javal, French ophthalmologist, 1839-1907]. See 
ophthalmometer. J.'s orthoptic treatment, exercises 
with prisms, for use in strabismus. 

Javelle water (zjav-el') [Javelle, a town in France]. 

1. A solution of potassium or sodium hypochlorite. 

2. Liquor potass^ chlorinate (N. F.),. 

jaw [ME.]. 1. Either of the two parts of the 
face (upper or lower jaw) serving the purpose of 
seizing or masticating the food. 2. Also the bone 
(jaw-bone or jaw) that forms the framework of the 
jaw. j., big, actinomycosis of cattle, j., bone, a 
maxilla, especially the superior maxilla, the inferior 
being called the mandible, j., disease, a term for 
phosphorus-necrosis, j.-fall, dislocation of lower jaw. 
j.-jerk, j.-clonus, a reflex contraction of the muscles 
of mastication produced by suddenly depressing the 
lower jaw. See under reflex, j. lever, an instrument 
used for opening the mouth of, and administering 
medicine to cattle, j., lock-, j., locked. See lock- 
jaw, j., lumpy, actinomycosis of cattle, j., phossy, 
necrosis of the jaw produced in those who work in 
phosporus, as in match factories. Syn., phossy 
mouth, j., pier, the os quadratum or hinge segment 
of the reptilian mandible; it becomes the incus or 
anvil bone of mammals, j., pig, abnormal promi- 
nence of the upper jaw and enlargement of the teeth 
in the horse, j., tooth, a molar tooth, j., wolf, cleft 
palate. 

Jaworski's corpuscles (yah-vor'-ske) [Valery Jawor- 
ski, Polish physician, 1849- ]. Spiral bodies of 
mucus found in the gastric secretion in cases of pro- 
nounced hyperchlorhydria. J.'s sign. Seen in 
"paradoxical dilatation" of the stomach and in hour- 
glass stomach, in which, though splashing may be 
elicited, no fluid can be recovered by the stomach 
tube. 

jecoral (jek'-or-al), jecorary (jek'-or-a-re), jecorose 
(jek'-or-os) [L. jecur, jecoris, liver]. Hepatic, relat- 
ing to the liver. 

jecorin (jek'-or-in) [jecur]. 1. Q05H186N5SP3. A 
body found in liver-substance; it resembles lecithin, 
but reduces Fehling's solution. It occurs also in 
the spleen, muscle, brain, etc. 2. A proprietary 
substitute for cod-liver oil. 

jecorol (jek'-or-ol). A proprietary preparation 
said to consist of the active constituents of cod-liver 
oil, and offered as a substitute for it. 

jecur (je'-ker) [L.]. The liver. 

Jeffersonia (jef-er-so'-ne-ah) [Thomas Jefferson, 
American statesman, 1743-1826]. A genus of ber- 
beridaceous plants. J., diphylla, a N. American 
plant, useful in rheumatism, and a good substitute 
for senega. It is tonic and in large doses expectorant; 
it is also called rheumatism-root and twin-leaf. 

jejunal (jej-oo'-nal) [jejunum]. Pertaining to the 
jejunum. 

jejunectomy (jej-oo-nek'-to-me) [jejunum; iKToy.i), 
excision]. Excision of part or all of the jejunum. 

jejunitas (jej-oo'-nit-as) [L.]. Fasting. 

jejunitis (jej-oo-ni'-tis) [jejunum; wis, inflamma- 
tion]. Inflammation of the jejunum. 

je junocolostomy (jej-oo-no-ko-los'-to-me) [jejunum ; 
ko\ov, colon; arSfia, mouth]. The formation of an 
artificial passage between the jejunum and the colon. 

jejunoileitis (Jej-oo-no-il-e-i'-tis) [jejunum; ileum; 



ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the jejunum 
and the ileum. 

jejunoileostomy (jej-oo-no-il-e-os'-to-me) [jejunum; 
ileum; arofia, mouth]. The formation of an arti- 
ficial communication between the jejunum and the 
ileum. 

jejunoileum - (jej-oo-no-iV -e-um) [jejunum; ileum]. 
That part of the small intestine extending from the 
duodenum to the cecum. 

jejunostomy (jej-oo-nos'-to-me) [jejunum; arona, 
mouth]. The making of an artificial opening through 
the abdominal wall into the jejunum. 

jejunotomy (jej-oo-not'-o-me) [jejunum; rkfiveiv, to 
cut]. Incision into the jejunum. 

jejunotyphoid (jej-oo-no-ti'-foid) [jejunum; typhoid]. 
Typhoid fever with involvement of the jejunum or 
its glands. 

jejunum (jej-oo'-num) [jejunus, empty, because 
usually found empty after death]. The second 
division of the small intestine extending between the 
duodenum and the ileum, and measuring about 8 
feet (2.2 meters) in length. 

jell (J el) [gelare, to freeze]. The precipitation 'of 
colloidal solutions. 

Jellinek's sign (yel'-en-ek) [Samuel Jellinek, Austri- 
an physician]. The brownish pigmentation of the 
eyelids often found in cases of hyperthyroidism. 

jelloid (jel'-oid). A form of pill coated with 
jujube mass. 

jelly {jel'-e) [gelare, to freeze]. A soft, gelatinous, 
tremulous substance, j., bacterial, the gelatinous 
matrix which causes certain bacteria to adhere to 
one another in masses or pellicles. See zooglea. 
j., coefficient, a 2 per cent, agar solution, containing 
citric acid, sodium citrate, and sodium chloride, used 
in the in vitro method of studying induced cell-pro- 
duction, j.-glycerin, a mixture of glycerin, jelly, 
and zinc oxide, j., kinetic, coefficient jelly to which 
a dye, sodium bicarbonate, and atropine sulphate 
have been added to excite ameboid movement in 
leukocytes, j.-leaf, the mucilaginous leaf of Sida 
rhombifolia, used in making poultices, j. method of 
in vitro staining, the use of an agar solution contain- 
ing a dye and other ingredients, spread on a glass 
slide, in studying living cells under the microscope, 
j., mineral or j., petroleum, vaseline, j., oat-, a 
dietetic preparation used in infant-feeding. It is 
prepared by soaking 4 ounces of coarse oatmeal in a 
quart of cold water for 12 hours. The mixture is 
then boiled down to 1 pint and allowed to cool, 
j., Wharton's. See Wharton's jelly. 

Jendrassik's maneuver (yen-dras'-sik) [Ernst 
Jendrassik, Hungarian physician, 1858- ]. Inter- 
locking of the fingers and forcible drawing apart of 
the hands, to facilitate the production of the knee- 
jerk. 

Jenner's stain for blood [Louis Jenner, English 
physician]. Preparation of the neutral stain: in an 
open beaker mix equal parts of 1.2 or 1.25 % aqueous 
solution of eosin (Grubler), 1 % aqueous solu- 
tion of methylene-blue (Grubler). Let stand for 
24 hours. Filter. Dry the precipitate obtained. 
Wash the precipitate with distilled water and dry 
again. The staining solution: For use dissolve 0.5 
Gm. of the precipitate in 100 Cc. pure methylalcohol. 
Method of staining: Stain in the solution for 1 to 3 
minutes, covering with a watch-crystal. Pour off 
stain quickly and rinse in water until film is pink 
(5 to 10 seconds). Staining reaction: Leukocytes: 
nuclei, blue"; granules, neutrophil, red; granules, 
basophil, dark violet; granules, eosinophil, brilliant 
crimson; malarial parasites, bacteria, and filaria, 
blue. 

Jennerian (jen-e'-re-an). Pertaining to Edward 
Jenner, English physician, 1749-1823, the discoverer 
of vaccination against smallpox. J. vaccination, 
arm-to-arm vaccination. 

jennerization. The process of jennerizing. 

jennerize (jen'-er-tz) [Edward Jenner, English 
physician, 1749-1823]. To induce immunity against 
a disease by repeated inoculation with attenuated 
cultures of the pathogenic organism producing the 
disease. 

Jensen's fissure {yen' -sen). An inconstant fissure 
near the end of the fissure of Sylvius; called also the 
intermedial fissure. 

jequiritin (je-kwir'-it-in). A soluble active principle 
obtained from the jequirity seeds. 

jequiritol (Je-kwir'-it-ol). An active principle of 
jequirity in a sterile solution of glycerin. 



JEQUIRITY 



483 



JUGULOCEPHALIC 



jequirity (je-kwir'-it-e). See abrus. 

jerk. A sudden, spasmodic movement. See 
chin-jerk, elbow-jerk, jaw-jerk, knee-jerk, toe-jerk, etc. 
j.-finger, a disease in which the flexion or extension 
of a finger is accomplished by a jerk. 

jerks. Irregular and spasmodic movements of 
features or limbs; they are involuntary. 

jervin (jer'-vin). See veratrum. 

jessamine (Jes'-am-en). See gelsemium. 

Jesuits' balsam. Compound tincture of benzoin. 
J.s' bark. Peruvian bark; the bark of several species 
of cinchona. J.s' drops, compound tincture of ben- 
zoin. J.s' nut, seed of Trapa natans. J.s' powder, 
powdered cinchona bark. J.s' tea, an infusion of 
leaves of Psoralea glandulosa. 

Jez's antityphoid extract. An extract obtained 
rom thymus gland, spleen, bone-marrow, brain, and 
spinal cord of rabbits immunized by frequent inocu- 
lations with cultures of typhoid bacilli; this is tri- 
turated in a solution of sodium chloride, alcohol, 
glycerol, and a minute quantity of phenol; a more 
recent formula contains peptone. 

jigger. See Pulex. 

Jimson-weed {jim' -son-wed). See Stramonium. 

jinked (jinkd). In veterinary practice, sprained 
in the back. 

Jobert's fossa (zjo-bair') [Antoine Joseph Jobert de 
Lamballe, French surgeon, 1 799-1 867]. A hollow 
in the popliteal region, formed above, by the adductor 
magnus, below, by the sartorius and gracilis. It is 
well seen when the knee is bent and the thigh rotated 
strongly outward. J.'s suture. See suture. 

Joffroy's symptom (zjof-roy) [Alexis Joffroy, French 
physician, 1844- ]. 1. Absence of facial contrac- 
tion when the patient suddenly turns his eyes upward, 
seen in exophthalmic goiter. 2. Rhythmic twitching 
of the glutei on pressure upon the gluteal region in 
cases of spastic paraplegia and sciatica. Syn., 
Phenomene de la hanche. 

joha (yo'-hah). A mixture of salvarsan with 
iodipin and sterile wool fat, used for intramuscular 
injections in the treatment of syphilis. 

johimbine, johimbin (yo-him'-ben). See yohimbine. 

Johne's bacillus (yo'-neh) [Albert Johne, German 
physician] . The specific bacillus of enteritis chronica 
pseudotuberculosa bovis. J.'s disease, enteritis 
chronica pseudotuberculosa bovis. 

Johnson's test for albumin in urine [Sir George 
Johnson, English physician, 1818-1896]. A con- 
centrated solution of picric acid is poured upon the 
surface of the urine in a test-tube. A ring of white 
precipitate occurs at the junction of the two liquids; 
this increases on heating. Peptones and albumoses 
are precipitated by this reagent, but the precipitate 
redissolves on heating. 

Johnstoni area. See Celsus' area. 

joint. See articulation, j.-bodies. See arthrolith. 
j., Brodie's, hysterical arthroneuralgia. j., Charcot's. 
See Charcot's disease (2). j.-mice. See arthrolith. 
j.-oil, synovial fluid, j.-water, synovial fluid. 

Jolles's test for bile pigments in urine (yol'-la) 
[Adolf Jolles, Austrian chemist, 1862- ]. Put in a 
stopper cylinder 50 c.c. of urine, and add a few drops 
of 10 per cent, hydrochloric acid and an excess of a 
barium chloride solution with 5 c.c. of chloroform, 
and shake for several minutes. Then by means of a 
pipet remove the chloroform and the precipitate, 
place in a test-tube, and heat on the water-bath to 
about 80 C. When the chloroform has evaporated, 
carefully decant the liquid from the precipitate and 
let three drops of concentrated sulphuric acid, con- 
taining one-third fuming nitric acid, flow down the 
sides of the test-tube. If bile pigments be present, 
the characteristic coloration results. 

Jolly's electric reaction [Friedrich Jolly, German 
physician, 1844- I« When the contractility of a 
muscle is exhausted by the faradic current, it can 
still be excited by the influence of the will, and, 
inversely, when voluntary movements are impossible, 
the muscle can contract itself by faradization. This 
phenomenon is observed in certain amyotrophies. 

Jones' method of treating fractures of the elbow- 
joint [Robert Jones, English surgeon]. It consists in 
placing the arm in a position of acute flexion and 
retaining it in this position without passive motion 
until complete consolidation results. 

Jones' solution for the detection of albumin in the 
urine [Henry Bence Jones, English physician, 1814- 
1873]- Corrosive sublimate, 10 parts; sodium chloride, 
10 parts; succinic acid, 20 parts; distilled water, 500 



parts. J.'s test for bile-pigments in urine, put in a 
stopper cylinder 50 Cc. of urine, and add a few 
drops of 10 % hydrochloric acid and an excess of a 
barium chloride solution with 5 Cc. chloroform, and 
shake for several minutes. Then, by means of a 
pipet, remove the chloroform and the precipitate, 
place in a test-tube, and heat on the water-bath to 
about 8o° C. When the chloroform has evaporated, 
decant the liquid from the precipitate carefully and 
let three drops of concentrated sulphuric acid, con- 
taining one-third fuming nitric acid, flow down the 
sides of the test-tube. If bile-pigments are present, 
the characteristic coloration results. 

Jonnesco's fossa (yon-es'-ko) [Thomas Jonnesco, 
Roumanian surgeon, 1861- ]. A fossa in the 
angle between the duodenum and jejunum. J.'s 
method of anesthesia, the producing of general 
anesthesia by injection of a solution of stovaine, 
strychnine or other alkaloid into the subarachnoid 
space in the dorsal or lumbar region of the spinal 
cord. J.'s operation, excision of the sympathetic 
ganglion on each side of the neck, for exophthalmic 
goiter. 

Jorissen's test for formaldehyde in milk. To 
several drops of a 10 % aqueous solution of phloro- 
glucinol add 10 Cc. of the suspected milk in a test- 
tube, shake well, and add a few drops of caustic soda 
or caustic potash. In the presence of formaldehyd 
a delicate red color appears. 

Jorissenne's sign (zjor-is-en') [Gustave Jorissenne, 
Belgian physician]. During the early stage of preg- 
nancy the change of position of the woman from the 
horizontal to the erect does not increase the pulse-rate. 

Josseraud's sign. A peculiar loud, metallic 
sound, heard over the pulmonic area, and preceding 
the friction-sound in acute pericarditis. 

Joule (Jool) [James Prescott Joule, English 
physicist, 1818-1889]. 1. A unit of electric energy, 
equivalent to the work expended when a current of 
one ampere flows for one second against a resistance 
of one ohm. 2. A small calory — the amount of heat 
required to raise the gram of water i° C. 

Joule's equivalent. The mechanical equivalent of 
heat or the amount of work that, converted into 
heat, will raise the temperature of 1 pound of water 
i° F. It is equivalent to 772 foot-pounds. 

jugal (joo'-gal) [jugum, a yoke]. 1. Connecting or 
uniting, as by a yoke. 2. Pertaining to the zygoma. 
j. bone, the malar bone. j. point, the point situated 
at the angle that the posterior border of the frontal 
branch of the malar bone makes with the superior 
border of its zygomatic branch, j. process, the 
zygomatic process. 

jugate (joo'-gat) [jugum, a yoke]. 1. Having 
ridges. 2. Coupled together; yoked. 

juglandin (Joo-glan'-din) [juglans, a walnut]. A 
precipitate from a tincture of the root-bark of 
butternut, Juglans cinerea. 

juglans (Joo'-glanz) [L., "walnut"]. Butternut. 
The bark of the root of J. cinerea, of the natural 
order J uglandacea. It is a mild cathartic, and has 
also been used in intermittent and remittent fever. 

jugomaxillary (joo-go-maks'-il-a-re) [jugum; maxilla, 
the jaw]. Relating to the jugular vein and the 
maxilla, j. muscle, the masseter. 

jugular (joo'-gii-lar) [jugulum, the throat]. Pertain- 
ing to the throat, j. foramen. See foramen, jugular. 
j. fossa, a notch in the posterior border of the petrous 
portion of the temporal bone, which, with a similar 
notch in the occipital bone, forms the foramen 
lacerum posterius. j. ganglion, the superior ganglion 
of the glossopharyngeal nerve, j. notch, the de- 
pression on the upper surface of the manubrium, 
between the two clavicles, j. process, a rough pro- 
cess external to the condyle of the occipital bone, 
j. veins, the internal jugular vein collects the blood 
from the brain, part of the face and neck, and unites 
with the subclavian vein to form the vena innomi- 
nata; the external jugular vein carries the blood from 
the exterior of the cranium and parts of the face and 
empties into the subclavian vein. 

jugulate (jug'-u-lat) [jugulum]. To check or stop 
any process promptly. 

jugulation (jug-u-la'-shun) [jugulatio, a killing]. 
The swift arrest of disease by therapeutic means; 
also the arrest of an epidemic by prompt and effec- 
tive measures. 

jugulocephalic (jug-u-lo-sef-al'-ik) [jugulum, the 
throat; Kt<j>a\-q, head]. Pertaining to the throat and 
the head. 



JUGULUM 



484 



JUXTAPYLORIC 



jugulum (jug'-u-lum) [L.: pi., jugula]. The collar- 
bone; also the throat. 

jugum (Joo'-gum) [L. pl.,juga], i. A yoke. 2. A 
ridge, j. penis, a compressor of the penis, j. 
petrosum, an arched elevation on the anterior surface 
of the petrous portion of the temporal bone over the 
superior semicircular canal. 

juice (joos) [jus, broth]. 1. The liquid contained 
in vegetable or animal tissues. 2. Any of the secre- 
tions of the body, as the intestinal or pancreatic juice. 
j. -canals, spaces within the connective tissue form- 
ing the origin of the lymphatic vessels, j., cancer, a 
milky juice which exudes from cancerous tissue when 
cut. j., gastric, j., intestinal, j., pancreatic. See 
gastric, etc. 

jujube (joo'-joob) [L., jujuba]. The fruit of the 
jujube tree, Zizyphus jujuba. j.-paste, a paste 
containing the pulp of jujubes and used in pulmonary 
disorders. It is now made of gum-arabic or of gela- 
tin, variously flavored. 

julep (joo'-lep) [Pers., julab, a sweet drink]. A 
sweetened drink containing aromatic alcoholic, or 
medicinal substances. 

jumentous (joo-men'-tus) [jumentum, a beast of 
burden]. Like a beast of burden; horse-like: applied 
to the odor of urine. 

jumpers (jum'-perz). Persons afflicted with a 
peculiar neurosis by reason of which they do what- 
ever they are told, and perform sudden leaping or 
jumping movements. See lata; palmus. 

junction, myoneural. The place where a motor 
nerve joins the muscle which it supplies. 

junctura (junk-tu' -rah) [L. a joining; pi., junctures]. 
An articulation; a suture (of bones). 

Jungbluth's vessels (yoong'-bloot) [Hermann Jung- 
bluth, German physician]. Nutrient vessels lying 
immediately beneath the amnion and disappearing 
usually at an early period of embryonic life. 

jungle fever. A severe remittent fever of India. 

juniper, juniperus (ju'-nip-er,ju-nip'-er-us). 1. An 
evergreen shrub or tree belonging to the genus 
Juniperus. Juniperus sabina yields savin (sabina, 
U. S. P.). The tops of J. virginiana, red cedar, are 
used as a substitute for savin. 2. The fruit or berry 
of J. communis, containing a volatile oil and an amor- 
phous substance, juniperin. The oil is a stimulant 
to the genitourinary mucous membrane and is used 
in nephritis, pyelitis, and cystitis, j., fluidextract of 
(fiuidextr actum juniperi, N. F.). Dose 60 min. 
(4 cc). j., oil of (oleum juniperi, U. S. P., B. P.). 
Dose 1-4 min. (0.065-0.26 Cc). j., spirit of (spiritus 
juniperi, U. S. P., B. P.). Dose 30 min.-i dr. (2-4 
Cc). j., spirit of, compound (spiritus juniperi 
compositus, U. S. P.). Dose 1-4 dr. (4-16 Cc). 
j., tar, oil of. See cade, oil of. 

junk. A quilted cushion forming a sling in which 
to suspend a fractured limb. 

junket (junk'-et). "Curds and whey," prepared 
by coagulating milk with rennet. 

Junod's boot (zjoo'-no) [Victor Theodore Junod, 
French physician, 1809-1881]. A boot-shaped case, 
usually of stiff leather, made to inclose the leg, so 
that, the air being exhausted, the blood rushes to 
the inclosed part. It has been employed to relieve 
inflammation and congestion of the viscera. 

jurisprudence (joo-ris-proo' -dens) [jus, law; pruden- 
tia, skill]. The science of the interpretation and 



application of the law. j., medical, the application of 
medical knowledge to the principles of common law. 

jury (joo'-re) [jurare, to swear]. A body of men 
legally appointed to determine the guilt or innocence 
of a prisoner, or to determine the facts in judicial 
inquiries, j.-leg, a wooden leg. j.-of matrons, a 
body of twelve matrons, formerly empaneled in 




Sayre's Jury-mast. 

England to determine if a murderess, for whom such 
plea was made, were pregnant, j.-mast, a steel 
shaft with curved iron rods attached, sometimes 
employed to support the head in disease of the 
upper vertebrae; it is mainly used in connection with 
Sayre's treatment of spondylitis. 
h* jusculum (jus'-ku-lum) [L. a decoction]. A soup, 
or broth; gruel or porridge. 

justo (jus' -to). Ablative of justum, that which is 
right, or normal, j. major, greater than normal, 
larger in all dimensions than normal; applied to 
a pelvis, j. minor, abnormally small. 

Justus' test (jus'-tus) [J, Justus, Austrian dermato- 
logist]. Transient reduction of hemoglobin following 
the administration of mercury by inunction or 
hypodermatic injection in syphilis. 

jute (joot) [Beng., jut, matted hair]. The bast- 
fiber of several species of the genus Corchorus, grown 
chiefly in India and Ceylon. Jute is used as an 
absorbent dressing. 

juvantia (joo-van'-she-ah) [L., "aiding"]. Adjuvant 
remedies or medicines. 

juxta-articular (Juks-tah-ar-tik'-u-lar) [juxta, near; 
articulus, a joint]. Near a joint. 

juxtaposition (juks-tah-po-zish'-un) [juxta; positio, 
position]. Situation adjacent to another; in close 
relationship the act of placing near; apposition. 

juxtapyloric (juks-tah-pi-lor'-ik) [juxta, near; py- 
lorus]. Near the pylorus. 



K. The chemical symbol for potassium (kalium). 

k., ka. Abbreviations of kathode or of kathodic. 

Kader's method of gastrotomy (kah'-der) [Bronis- 
law Kader, Polish surgeon]. Consists in the pro- 
duction of a funnel which projects into the stomach 
by suturing two sections on either side of a tube 
placed vertically into the stomach. Each pair of 
sutures increases the amount of peritoneum about the 
tube and further depresses its point of entrance. 

Kaes-Bechterew's layer. See Bechterew' s layer. 

Kahlbaum's disease (karl'-bowm) [Karl Ludwig 
Kahlbaum, German physician, 1828-1899]. Kata- 
tonia; a form of insanity progressing to imbecility. 

Kahler's disease (kah'-ler) [Otto Kahler, Austrian 
physician, 1 840-1 893]. A constitutional affection 
characterized by the formation of round-celled neo- 
plasms in the skeleton, paroxysms of pain, a tendency 
to spontaneous fractures, especially of the ribs, 
enlargement of the spleen and lymphatic glands, 
and the presence of Bence Jones' bodies in the urine. 
K.'s law, the ascending branches of the posterior 
spinal nerve-roots, after entering the cord, pass suc- 
cessively from the root-zone toward the mesial plane. 

Kahler-Singer's law. See Kahler's law. 

kaif (kif) [Arab.]. Languor; dreamy enjoyment; 
sensuous tranquillity, such as follows the use of 
certain drugs (like opium, or hashish). 

kainogenesis (ki-no-jen'-e-sis) [kclivos, new, fresh; 
yevevis, generation]. A renewal or improvement by 
infusion of fresh material. 

kainophobe (ki'-no-fob) [kclivos, new; #6/3os, fear]. 
A person that fears anything new. 

kairin (Jki'-rin) [icaipos, the right time], C10H13- 
NO . HC1 . H2O. Oxychinolin-ethyl hydrochloride; 
antipyretic, diaphoretic, emetic, and has been used 
as a substitute for quinine. Dose 5-15 gr. (0.32- 
1.0 Gm.). k., ethyl, kairin a, C 9 Hio(C2H 5 )NO . HC1, 
recommended as antipyretic in doses of 8-25 gr. 
(0.5-16 Gm.). 

kairolin (ki'-ro-lin) [kairin], C10H15N. Methyl- 
quinolin hydride. An antipyretic resembling kairin, 
but less efficient. 

kakatrophy. See cacotrophy. 

kaki (kak'-e). The fruit of Diospyros kaki, Japa- 
nese persimmon; used in vomiting of pregnancy and 
in diarrhea. 

kakidrosis (kak-id-ro'-sis) [kclkos, bad; LSp&s, 
sweat]. Fetid perspiration. 

kakke (kak'-ka) [Chinese for "leg disease"]. Epi- 
demic and endemic multiple neuritis, or beriberi. 

kako- (kak'-o-). See caco-. 

kakodyl # (&a&'-o-<2*7). See cacodyl. 

kakosmia (kak-oz'-me-ah). See cacosmia. 

kakotrophia (kak-ot-ro'-fe-ah). See cacotrophy. 

kala-azar. An obscure fatal disease, prevalent 
in Assam, due to a protozoan parasite, the Leishman 
Donovan body. 

kaladana (kal-ad-a'-nah) [origin unknown]. An 
East Indian convolvulaceous plant, Ipomoea (Phar- 
bitis) nil. Its seeds are a safe and good cathartic. 
Dose of the powdered drug, gr. xxx-xl; of the resin, 
gr. iv-viij. 

kalaf (kal'-af). A medicinal fluid obtained from 
leaves of Salix capensis. 

kali (ka'-li) [At., qali, potash]. Potash. 

kaligenous (kal-ij'-en-us) [kali; generare, to pro- 
duce]. Yielding potash. 

kaligraph (kal'-ig-raf) [/caXos, beautiful; ypdtpeiv, 
to write]. An instrument for the use of those 
afflicted with writers' cramp. It is essentially a 
pantograph, so arranged that by making the letters 
very large at one point, they are reproduced of a 
natural size at another. 

kalimeter (kal-im'-et-er). See alkalimeter. 

kalimetry (kal-im'-et-re). See alkalimetry. 

kalium (ka'-le-um). Potassium. 

kalla k (kal'-ak). A pustular dermatitis occurring 
among the Eskimos. 



kamala, kamela (kam-a'-lah, -e'-lah) [Hind., 
kamila}. Rottlera. The glands and hairs from the 
capsules of Mallotus philippinensis {Rottlera tinctoria), 
native to southern Asia and Abyssinia. It is purga- 
tive and anthelmintic, and is used for the expulsion 
of lumbricoid worms and tape-worms. 

kamalin, kamilin. See rottlerin. 

kambi (kam'-be) [E. Ind.]. An aromatic gum, like 
elemi, from Gardenia lucida, a plant of India. 

Kandahar sore (kan'-da-har). See furun cuius 
orientalis. 

kangaroo. A marsupial mammal of Australia and 
the neighboring islands, k. tendon, a tendon 
derived from the tail of the kangaroo and used for 
surgical ligatures. 

kangri-burn (kang'-gre). A squamous epithelioma 
frequent on the skin of the abdomen and thighs of 
the natives of Kashmir and attributed to the irri- 
tation caused by charcoal heaters worn beneath the 
clothing in cold weather. 

kaolin, kaolinum (ka'-o-lin, ka-o-li'-num) [Chin., 
kaoling, "high ridge"]. Aluminum silicate. The 
kaolinum of the U. S. P. is obtained from the decom- 
position of feldspar. It is sometimes used as a 
protective application in eczema and as a coating for 
pills. .Syn., China-clay ; white clay. 

kaolinosis (ka-ol-in-o'-sis). A pneumoconiosis 
occurring in workers in kaolin. 

Kaplan's test Qzap'-lan) [David M. Kaplan, Ameri- 
can physician]. For albumin in cerebrospinal fluid: 
0.5 cc. of cerebrospinal fluid is boiled in a test tube, 
then 2 drops of a 5 per cent, solution of butyric acid 
are added, the fluid is then boiled again, and 5 cc. of 
supersaturated solution of ammonium sulphate are 
underfloated; a cheesy ring in not more than 20 
minutes denotes albumin. 

Kaposi's disease (ka-po'-se) [Moritz Kohn Kaposi, 
Austrian dermatologist, 1837-1902]. See xeroderma 
pigmentosum. 

Karell cure (kar-el') [Philip Karell, Russian 
physician]. In heart disease: Rest in bed, and a 
light diet of milk and eggs; the milk is limited to i^ 
or 2 pints a day, and the treatment is continued for 
one week. 

karnosin (kar-no'-sin). See carnosin. 

karyaster (kar-e-as'-ter) [karyon; &crH)p, a star]. 
The radiate arrangement of the chromosome during 
karyokinesis. Syn., aster. 

karyenchyma (kar-e-en'-ke-mah) [karyon; iv, in; 
xelv, to pour]. The clear ground-substance occupying 
the meshes of the nuclear reticulum. Syn., karyo- 
lymph; nuclear sap. 

karyo- (kar-e-o-) [karyon]. A prefix signifying 
relating to the karyon or cell-nucleus. 

karyochromatophil (kar-e-o-kro-mat'-o-fil) [karyo-; 
xp«m<i, color; <f>i\elv, to love]. 1. Having a stainable 
nucleus. 2. A stainable nucleus. 

karyochrome (kar'-e-o-krom) [karyo-; xp&p-a, color]. 
A nerve-cell the nucleus of which stains best. 

karyoclasis (kar-e-ok' -las-is). See karyorrhexis. 

karyogamic (kar-e-o-gam'-ik) [karyo-; ydp.os, mar- 
riage]. Pertaining to the blending of nuclei, as in 
reproduction. 

karyogamy (kar-e-og'-am-e) [karyo-; yap.os, mar- 
riage]. A conjugation of cells characterized by a 
fusion of the nuclei. Cf. plastogamy. 

karyokinesis (kar-e-o-kin-e'-sis) [karyo-; niveau, 
movement; change]. Indirect cell-division, the 
common mode of reproduction of cells. It depends 
upon complicated changes in the mitome of the cell- 
nucleus that may be divided into the following steps: 
1. The nucleus becomes larger; the mitome filaments 
thicken and form a close skein, or spirem. 2. The 
fibrils become less convoluted and more widely 
separated, forming the loose skein; at the same time 
the nuclear spindles, two cone-shaped striated bodies, 
appear in the achromatin. 3. The mitome fibrils 
split longitudinally. 4. The segments migrate 



KARYOKINETIC 



486 



KENESTHESIS 



toward the poles of the new nuclei, constituting 
daughter- wreaths, or asters. 5. Transformation of 
asters into fully developed nuclei. 6. Division of the 
cell-protoplasm. 

karyokinetic (kar-e-o-kin-et'-ik) [see karyokinesis]. 
Pertaining to karyokinesis, as karyokinetic figures, 
the forms assumed by the mitome in karyokinesis. 

karyoklasis (kar-e-ok' -las-is) [karyo-; /cAdcrts, 
a breaking]. See karyorrhexis. 

karyolymph (kar'-e-o-limf). See karyenchyma. 

karyolysis (kar-e-ol'-is-is) [karyo-; \veiv, to loose]. 
The segmentation of the nucleus of the cell. 

karyolytic (kar-e-o-lit'-ik) [karyo-; Xvetv, to loose]. 
Relating to karyolysis. 

karyomicrosoma (kar-e-o-mik-ro-so'-mah). See nu- 
cleo-microsomata, under nucleoplasm. 

karyomite(kar'-e-o-mit). See chromosome. 

karyomitoic (kar-e-o-mit-o'-ik) [karyo-; uLtos, a 
thread]. Relating to karyomitosis. 

karyomitoma (kar-e-o-mit-o'-mah). See cell-body. 

karyomitome (kar-e-om'-it-om) [karyo-; fiLros, 
thread]. The mitome threads of the nucleus. 

karyomitosis (kar-e-o-mit-o'-sis) [see karyomitome], 
Karyokinesis. 

karyomitotic (kar-e-o-mit-ot'-ik) [see karyomitome]. 
Relating to karyomitosis. 

karyon (kar'-e-on) [k&pvov, nucleus]. The cell- 
nucleus. 

karyophage (kar'-e-of-aj). See karyophagus. 

karyophagus (kar-e-of'-ag-us) [karyo-; <j>ayelv, to 
eat; pi., karyophagi], A cytozoon which destroys 
the nucleus of the infected cell. 

karyoplasm (kar'-e-o-plazm) [karyo-; TrXaaaeiv, to 
form]. 1. The nuclear substance of a cell. 2. The 
more fluid material in the meshes of the chromoplasm. 

karyorrhexis (kar-e-or-ek'-sis) [karyo-; p^ts, rup- 
ture]. Fragmentation or splitting up of a nucleus 
into a number of chromatin particles which become 
scattered in the cytoplasm; it occurs in the cells of 
the disappearing follicles of the ovary. 

karyosome, karyosoma {kar-e-o-som, kar-e-o-so'- 
mah) [karyo-; aw/ia, a body; pi., karyosomata], A 
nuclear microsoma; a round body resembling a 
nucleolus, contained in the segmentation-nucleus of 
the ovum. 

karyostasis (kar-e-os'-ta-sis) [karyo-; arhavs, a 
stoppage]. The resting-stage of nuclei of cells. It is 
opposed to karyokinesis. 

karyostatic (kar-e-o-stat'-ik). Pertaining to karyo- 
stasis. 

karyostenosis (kar-e-o-ste-no'-sis) [karyo-; vrevos, 
narrow]. The simple division of the nucleus of a 
cell. This process is called also akinetic, or direct 
division. 

karyota (kar-e-o'-tah) [karyon]. Nucleated cells. 

karyotheca (kar-e-o-the'-ka) [karyo-; 017**7, case]. 
Nuclear membrane. 

kasagra (kas-ag'-rah). A proprietary preparation 
of cascara sagrada. 

kasena (kas'-e-nah). An aromatic preparation of 
cascara and senna. Dose 1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc). 

kasyl (kas'-il). A germicide said to consist of 
creosol and green soap. 

kata- (kat-ah-). A prefix denoting down or inten- 
sive. For words thus beginning see cata-. 

katelectrotonus (kat-el-ek-trot'-o-nus). See catelec- 
trotonus. 

katex (kat'-eks). An abbreviation of kathode 
excitation. 

katharol (Jtath' '-ar-ol) . A solution of hydrogen 
peroxide. 

katharophore (kath-ar'-o-for) [ko.6o.p6s, clean; 
4>epeiv, to carry]. An instrument for cleansing the 
urethra. 

kathetometer (kath-et-om'-et-er) [*d0eros, a plumb- 
line; p.krpov, measure]. 1. An instrument for 
ascertaining the level of fluids. 2. An apparatus for 
use in craniometry. 

kathion (kath'-e-on). See cation. 

kathodal (kath-o'-dal). See cathodal. 

kathode (kath'-od) [kata-; 656s, way]. See cathode. 

kathodic (kath-od'-ik). See cathodal. 

kation (kal'-e-on). See cation. 

katochus (kat-o'-kus) [k&toxos, catalepsy]. An 
unconscious condition, resembling sleep with* open 
eyes, observed in intermittent fever, etc. 

kava, kava-kava (kah'-vah) [Hawaiian]. 1. An 
intoxicating beverage prepared in the Sandwich 
Islands from the root of Piper methysticum. 2. The 
root of Piper methysticum, containing a resin, kavin, 



and an alkaloid, kavaine. The resin is a motor de- 
pressant, locally at first an irritant, later an anes- 
thetic; it is also a cardiac stimulant. Kava-root has 
been used in gonorrhea, leukorrhea, and incontinence 
of urine. Dose of fluidextract 15 min.-i dr. (1-4 
Cc). 

kavaine (kah'-va-en) [Hawaiian, kava]. An alka- 
loid obtained from the roots of kava-kava; also called 
methysticine. 

kawaine (kah'-wa-en). See kavaine. 

Keating-Hart's method (ke' -ting-hart') [Walter 
Valentine de Keating- Hart, French physician]. The 
treatment of external cancer by fulguration. 

kedani disease (ked-an'-e). A disease common in 
Japan, due to inoculation with Proteus hauseri by 
the bite of a mite called kedani; also called Japanese 
river fever. The symptoms resemble those of ab- 
dominal typhus. 

Keeley cure (ke'-le) [Leslie E. Keeley, American 
physician, 1832-1900]. A secret method of treating 
drunkenness. Gold was said to be administered (by 
the physician). 

Keen's sign [William Williams Keen, American 
surgeon, 1837- ]. Increased diameter through 
the leg at the malleoli in Pott's fracture. 

kefir, kefyr (kef'-ir). See kephir. 

Keisselbach's spot (ki'-sel-bakh). A point in the 
anterior and lower part of the nasal septum, about ? 
inch from the nostril; a favorite site for bleeding 
from the nose. 

keistein, keistin. See kyestein. 

Keith's bundle (keth) [Arthur Keith, English 
anatomist, 1861- ]. Sinoatrial or sinoauricular 
bundle. K.'s node, sinoatrial or sinoauricular node. 

kelectome (ke'-lek-tom) [/07X77, a tumor; Ik, out; 
re/ivetv, to cut]. A cutting instrument introduced 
into a tumor, by means of a canula, in order to 
obtain a part of the substance for examination. 

kelene (kel'-en). Trade name of ethyl chloride. 

kelis (ke'-lis) [kt)\Ls, spot; pi., kelides]. 1. The 
same as morphea or scleroderma. 2. See keloid. 

Keller's tuberculin test plate {kel'-er). A piece of 
adhesive plaster in the middle of which is a small 
circle of an ointment-like material supposed to con- 
tain tuberculin. Its action is much like that of the 
Moro test. 

Kelley's sign {kel'-e). Of pleural effusion in 
children: a preference for lying upon the back or 
propped up high in bed and avoidance of bending 
toward or pressing upon the affected side. 

kellin (kel'-in). A glucoside from the fruit of 
Ammi visnaga. It is said to affect the respiration 
and the pulse, and to have a paralyzant effect upon 
the lower extremities. 

Kelling's test for lactic acid (kel'-ing) [George 
Kelling, German physician]. A weak solution of 
ferric chloride becomes much deeper in color when 
lactic acid is added to it. 

Kellock's sign. Increased vibration of the ribs 
on sharply percussing them with the right hand, the 
left hand being placed flatly and firmly on the lower 
part of the thoracic wall, just below the nipple; it is 
elicited in pleural effusion. 

keloid (ke'-loid) [from ktjXi's, a scar, or K17X17, a claw; 
eUos, likeness]. A tumor-like fibrous outgrowth, 
usually occurring at the site of a scar. It is elevated, 
whitish or pink in color, and sends prolongations into 
the surrounding tissues resembling the claws of a 
crab. By many it is not considered a true tumor, but 
merely a hyperplastic scar. It affects the colored 
race more frequently than the white. Syn., Alibert's 
keloid ; cheloid ; kelis. k. of Addison, morphea. 

keloplasty (kel-o-plas'-te). See chiloplasty. 

kelos (ke'-los). Same as keloid. 

kelosoma (kel-o-so'-mah). See celosoma. 

kelotomy (ke-lot'-o-me). Herniotomy. 

kelp [origin obscure]. 1. Burnt sea-weed, from 
which iodine is obtained. 2. The Fucacea laminar ia 
and other large sea-weeds. 

kelpion {kelp' -e-on) [kelp, sea-weed yielding 
iodine]. An ointment containing iodine, which is 
volatilized when the ointment is warmed. 

kelvin (kel'-vin) [William Thompson, Lord Kelvin, 
British physicist, 1824- ]. A commercial unit 
of electricity; one thousand watt-hours. 

Kendall's fever. Yellow fever. 

kenencephalocele {ken-en-sef -al-o-sel) . See cenen- 
cephalocele. 

kenesthesia (ken-es-the'-ze-ah). See cenesthesia. 

kenesthesis (ken-es-the'-sis). See cenesthesis. 



KENNEDY'S SIGN 



487 



KERATOLEUKOMA 



Kennedy's sign of pregnancy (ken'-ed-e). The 
umbilical or funic souffle. 

kenogenesis (ken-o-jen'-e-sis). Vitiated individual 
development in which the phylogenetic development 
is not truly epitomized. 

kenophobia (ken-o-fo'-be-ah) [icevos, empty; <£6/3os, 
fear]. A fear of large empty spaces. 

kenosis (ken-o'-sis) [tcevucns, a draining]. i. An 
evacuation. 2. Inanition. 

kenotic (ken-ot'-ik) [kenosis]. 1. Drastic, purga- 
tive. 2. A drastic drug or agent. 

kenotoxin (ken'-e-toks-in). A poisonous substance 
developed in the tissues during their activity and 
responsible for their fatigue. 

Kentmann's test for formaldehyde. Morphine 
hydrochloride 0.1 Gm. is dissolved in 1 Cc. of sul- 
phuric acid in a test-tube, and an equal volume of the 
solution to be examined is added without mixing; 
in the presence of formaldehyde the aqueous solution 
will be clear red violet in color after a lapse of a few 
minutes. The reaction is sensitive to 1: 6000 to 
1 : 5000. 

kentrokinesis (ken-tro-kin-e'-sis) [nkvrpov, center, 
spur; nivriavs, motion]. The influence of any motor 
nerve-center; exci to-motor action. 

kephaldol (kef-al'-dol). Trade name of a prepara- 
tion said to be a compound of citric and salicylic 
acids with phenetidin, to which some quinine is 
added; it is an antipyretic. 

kephalin (kef'-al-in). See cephalin. 

kephalometer (kef-al-om'-et-er). See cephalometer. 

kephir, kephyr (kef-ir) [Caucasian]. A nutritious 
substance obtained by a peculiar fermentation of 
cow's milk produced by certain fungi, k., arsenical, 
a combination of kephir and Fowler's solution, k., 
iodo-, a combination of kephir and sodium iodide. 
k.-seed, a substance containing the ferment (Bacillus 
caucasicus) of kephir. It is used in preparing the 
genuine kephir. 

keracele (ker'-as-el) [/cepas, horn; K17X77, tumor]. 
A horny tumor on the hoof of horses. 

keraphyllocele (ker-aj-iV -o-sel) [ K kpas, horn; <j>v\\ov, 
leaf; K17X77, tumor]. A horny growth between the 
covering of the horse's hoof and the deeper tissues. 

keraphyllous (ker-af'-il-us) [icepas, horn; <pv\\oi>, 
leaf]. Composed of horny layers. 

kerasene, kerasin (ker'-as-en, ker'-as-in) [icepas, 
horn], C46H91NO. A nitrogenous substance; one of 
the cerebrins obtained from brain-substance. 

kerat-, kerato- (ker-at-, ker-at-o-) [«epas, horn; 
cornea]. Prefixes denoting relation to the cornea or 
to horn. ' 

keratalgia (ker-at-al'-je-ah) [kerat-; 0X705, pain]. 
Pain in the cornea. 

keratectasia (ker-at-ek-ta'-se-ah) [kerat-; ecra<ris, 
extension]. A bulging forward of the cornea. 

keratectomy (ker-at-ek'-to-me) [xepas, horn, cornea; 
iKTop.ii, a cutting out]. Surgical excision of a part 
of the cornea. 

keratiasis (ker-at-i'-as-is) [xepas, horn]. A morbid 
condition characterized by the growth of horny 
excrescences. 

keratic (ker-at'-ik) [nkpas, horn]. Horny. 

keratin (ker'-at-in) [nkpas, horn]. The basis of 
horny tissues, hair, nails, feathers, etc. It is a mix- 
ture of various complex substances and contains 
sulphur. Decomposed, it yields leucin and tyrosin. 
It is used in pharmacy to coat pills. 

keratinization (ker-at-in-iz-a'-shun) [nkpoia, horn]. 

1. The development of a horny quality in a tissue. 

2. The coating of pills with keratin. 

keratinoid (ker'-at-in-oid). Trade name of a 
keratin coated pill. 

keratinous (ker-at' -in-us). 1. Relating to keratin. 
2. Horny. 

keratitis (ker-at-i'-tis) [kerat-; im, inflammation]. 
Inflammation of the cornea, k. arborescens, k., 
dendritic, k., furrow, k., mycotic, a superficial form 
attributed to a specific organism and characterized 
by a line of infiltration of the corneal tissue near the 
surface and developing later into an arborescent 
formation, k. bullosa, the formation of large or 
small blebs upon the cornea of an eye, the seat of 
iridocyclitis, interstitial keratitis, or glaucoma. 
k., fascicular. See k., phlyctenular, k., interstitial, 
a form of keratitis in which the entire cornea is 
invested with a diffuse haziness, almost completely 
hiding the iris. The surface of the cornea presents 
a ground-glass appearance. Later, from ciliary 
injection, blood-vessels form in the superficial layers 



of the cornea, and produce a dull-red color — the 
"salmon patch" of Hutchinson. The entire cornea 
may become cherry-red. The disease is most fre- 
quent between the ages of 5 and 15, and occurs in 
syphilitic individuals, k. neuroparalytica, keratitis 
following lesion of the trifacial nerve. Its cause is 
loss of trophic influence, aided by mechanical irrita- 
tion and drying of the cornea, k., oyster-smickers', 
a form due to corneal traumatism from pieces of 
embedded oyster-shell, k., phlyctenular, a variety 
characterized by the formation of small papules or 
pustules, often associated with similar lesions upon 
the conjunctiva. It is marked by severe local con- 
gestion lacrimation, and intense photophobia, k. 
punctata, a secondary affection of the cornea in asso- 
ciation with affections of the iris, choroid, and vitre- 
ous. It is characterized by the formation of opaque 
dots, generally arranged in a triangular manner upon 
the posterior elastic lamina of the cornea. It is 
sometimes designated as descemetitis. k. puru- 
lenta, that accompanied by the formation of pus. 
k. reapers', that due to the irritation from grain- 
awns, k., sclerosing, an interstitial form associated 
with scleritis. k., trachomatous. See pannus. k., 
traumatic, that consequent upon wounds or other 
injury of the cornea. 

keratoangioma (ker-at-o-an-je-o'-mah) . See angio- 
keratoma. 

keratocele (ker'-at-o-sel) [kerato-; K17X77, hernia]. 
A hernia of Descemet's membrane through the cornea. 

keratocentesis (ker-at-o-sen-te'-sis) [kerato-; Kevr-q- 
<ns, a pricking]. Corneal puncture. 

keratochromatosis (ker-at-o-kro-mat-o' -sis) [kerato- ; 
Xpup-a, color]. Discoloration of the cornea. 

keratoconjunctivitis (ker-at-o-kon-junk-tiv-i'-tis) . 
Simultaneous inflammation of the cornea and the 
conjunctiva. 

keratoconometer (ker-at-o-ko-nom'-et-er) [kerato- ; 
Kuvos, cone; pkrpov, measure]. An instrument for 
estimating astigmatism by the images reflected from 
the cornea. 

keratoconus (ker-at-o-ko'-nus) [kerato-; k&vos, 
cone]. A conic protrusion of the cornea. 

keratocricoid (ker-at-o-kri'-koid) [kerato-; kpUos, 
ring; ei5os, like]. The cricothyroid muscle. 

keratoderma (ker-at-o-der'-mah) [kerato-; Sepp,a, 
skin]. 1. The cornea. 2. A horny condition of the 
skin. 

keratodermatitis (ker-at-o-der-mat-i'-tis) [kerato-; 
depfia, skin; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of 
the keratoderma; keratitis. 

keratodermatocele (ker-at-o-der-mat' -o-sel) [ker- 
ato-; Sepp.a, skin; K17X1J, tumor]. See keratocele. 

keratodermatomalacia (ker'-at-o-der-mat-o-mal-a'- 
se-ah) [kerato-; Skpp.a, skin; yuaXawa, softness]. 
Softening of the cornea. 

keratodermatosis (ker-at-o-der-mat-o'-sis) [kerato- ; 
8epp,a, skin; voaos, disease]. A skin-affection charac- 
terized by alteration in the horny elements of the skin. 

keratodermia (ker-at-o-der'-me-ah) [kerato-; Skpfia, 
skin]. See keratoderma. k. erythematosa sym- 
metrica, tylosis of the soles and palms, in which the 
horny patches show a broken-up surface. 

keratodermites (ker-at-o-der-mi'-tez) [kerato-; Skpp.a, 
skin; itis, inflammation]. A group of inflammatory 
scaly skin-affections. 

keratogenesis (ker-at-o-jen'-e-sis) [kerato-; yewdv, 
to produce]. The formation of horny material or 
growths. 

keratogenous (ker-at-oj'-en-us) [see keratogenesis]. 
Producing a horny or horn-like substance. 

keratoglobus (ker-at-o-gW -bus) [kerato-; globus, a 
ball]. A globular protrusion of the cornea. 

keratoglossus (ker-at-o-glos'-us) . See under muscle. 

keratohelcosis (ker-at-o-hel-ko'-sis) [kerato- ; «Xkcoo-is, 
ulceration]. Ulceration of the cornea. 

keratohyal (ker-at-o-hi'-al) [kerato-; hyoid]. Re- 
lating to a cornu of the hyoid bone. 

keratohyalin (ker-at-o-hi'-al-in) [kerato-; SaXos, 
glass]. A peculiar substance occurring in granules 
in the deeper layers of the skin. 

keratohyaline (ker-at-o-hi'-al-en). Both horny 
and hyaline in structure. 

keratoid (ker'-at-oid) [kerato-; eldos, like]. Horn- 
like. 

keratoiritis (ker-at-o-i-ri'-tis) [kerato-; iritis]. Com- 
bined inflammation of the cornea and the iris. 

keratoleukoma (ker-at-o-lii-ko'-mah) [kerato-; Xeu- 
k6s, white: pi., keratoleukomata]. A leukoma or 
whitish opacity of the cornea. 



KERATOLYSIS 



488 



KIDNEY 



keratolysis (ker-at-ol'-is-is) [kerato-; Xforis, solu- 
tion]. A shedding of the skin; a rare condition in 
which the skin is shed periodically, that of the limbs 
coming off as a glove or stocking. 

keratolytic (ker-at-o-lit'-ik) [kerato-; Xforis, solu- 
tion]. Pertaining to keratolysis. 

keratoma (ker-at-o'-mah) [kerato-; lp.a, tumor]. 
i. See callosity. 2. Congenital ichthyosis; the pres- 
ence of horny plates upon the integument. 

keratomalacia (ker-at-o-mal-a'-she-ah) [kerato-; 
jttaXa/cia, softness]. A softening of the cornea. 

keratome (ker'-at-om) [kerato-; rop.r), a cutting]. 
A knife with a peculiar trowel-like blade, used for 
making the incision into the cornea in the operation 
of iridectomy. 

keratometer (ker-at-om'-et-er) [kerato-; ukrpov, a 
measure]. An instrument for measuring the curves 
of the cornea. 

keratometry (ker-at-om'-et-re) [see keratometer]. 
The measurement of curves of the cornea. 

keratomycosis (ker-at-o-mi-ko'-sis) [kerato-; my- 
cosis]. A fungoid growth of the cornea. 

keratoncus (ker-at-ong'-kus) [kerato-; 6jkos, a 
tumor]. Any horny tumor. 

keratonosis (ker-at-on'-o-sis). See keratosis. 

keratonosus (ker-at-on'-o-sus). Any disease of the 
cornea. 

keratonyxis (ker-at-o-niks'-is) [kerato-; vbfa, a 
pricking]. The needling of a soft cataract by punc- 
ture through the cornea; also, the old operation of 
couching a cataract with the needle. 

keratophagia (ker-at-of-a'-je-ah). See onychomy- 
cosis. 

keratoplasia (ker-at-o-pla'-ze-ah) [kerato-; irXao-aeiv, 
to form]. The reparative renewal of the horny layer 
of the skin. 

keratoplastic (ker-at-o-plas'-tik). Pertaining to 
keratoplasty. 

keratoplasty (ker'-at-o-plas-te) [kerato-; TrXao-o-eiv, 
to form]. Plastic operation upon the cornea, 
especially the transplantation of a portion of cornea 
from the eye of a lower animal to that of man. 

keratorrhexis (ker-at-or-eks'-is) [kerato-; prj^is, 
rupture]. Rupture of the cornea, due to ulceration 
or traumatism. 

keratoscleritis (ker-at-o-skle-ri'-tis) [kerato- ; <nc\rip6s, 
hard; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the 
cornea and the sclera. 

keratoscope (ker'-at-o-skop) [kerato-; oko-kHv, to 
view]. An instrument for examining the cornea and 
testing the symmetry of its meridians of curvature. 

keratoscopy (ker-at-os'-ko-pe) [see keratoscope]. 

1. Examination of the cornea with the keratoscope. 

2. Retinoscopy or skiascopy. 

keratose (ker'-at-os) [kerato-]. Horny. 

keratosis (ker-at-o'-sis) [/cepas, cornea]. Any dis- 
ease of the skin characterized by an overgrowth of 
the horny epithelium, k. follicularis, a form of 
acne in which horny, prominent projections occur 
about the sebaceous follicles; they are firmly adherent 
and produce a roughness comparable to that of a 
nutmeg-grater, k. pilaris, a chronic affection of the 
skin marked by hard, conical elevations investing the 
hair-follicles, and somewhat resembling goose-flesh. 
k. senilis, a cornification of the skin of old people, 
often limited to certain definite regions, as the face 
and dorsal surfaces of the hands and feet. 

keratotome (ker'-at-o-tom) . See keratome. 

keratotomy (ker-at-ot'-o-me) [kerato-; rkp-veiv, to 
cut]. Incision of the cornea. 

keraunics (ker-awn'-iks) [nepawos, a thunderbolt]. 
The branch of physics treating of heat and electricity. 

keraunographic (ker-aw-no-graf'-ik) [icepavvos, a 
thunderbolt; ypa^eiv, to write]. Pertaining to the 
pictorial impressions of near objects sometimes seen 
upon the body of a person who has been struck by 
lightning. 

keraunoneurosis (ker-aw-no-nu-ro'-sis) [icepavvos, 
a thunderbolt; vevpov, nerve; vbaos, disease]. Nervous 
disease due to lightning-stroke. 

keraunophobia (ker-aw-no-fo'-be-ah) [nepawos, 
a thunderbolt; 06/Sos, fear]. A morbid fear of light- 
ning. 

kerectomy (ker-ek'-to-me). See keratectomy. 

kerion (Jke'-re-on). See tinea kerion. 

keritherapy (ker-e-ther'-ap-e) [nepas, wax; therapy]. 
Treatment by means of paraffin baths. 

Kerkring's folds (kerk'-ring) [Theodor Kerkring, 
Dutch anatomist, 1640-1693]. Same as K.'s valves. 
K.'s ossicle, a point of ossification in the occipital 



bone, immediately behind the foramen magnum. 
K.'s valves, the valvulae conniventes of the small 
intestine. 

kermes (Jter'-mez) [Pers., qirmiz, crimson]. A red 
dyestuff resembling cochineal, made from the bodies 
of the dried insects, Coccus ilicis, found on the 
kermes-oak. k.-mineral, a mixture of antimony 
trioxide and trisulphide. 

Kerner's reaction for creatinin. Add to a solu- 
tion of creatinin acidified with a mineral acid a solu- 
tion of phosphotungstic or phosphomolybdic acid; a 
crystalline precipitate will be formed. 

Kernig's sign {ker'-nig) [Waldemar Kernig, Russian 
physician, 1840- ]. Contracture or flexion of 
the knee- and hip-joint, at times also of the elbow, 
when the patient is made to assume the sitting pos- 
ture ; it is noted in meningitis. 

keroid (ker-oid') [Kepas, horn, or cornea; eUos, like]. 
1. Horny. 2. Like the cornea. 

kerosene oil (ker'-o-sen) [ktjpos, wax]. A liquid 
hydrocarbon, or oil extracted from bituminous coal. 

kestin (kes'-tin). A proprietary antiseptic and 
deodorant said to contain trinitrophenol, ammonium 
chloride, orthoboric acid, and formic aldehyde. 

ketogenesis (ke-to-jen'-es-is). The production of a 
ketone, or of acetone. 
, ketol (ke'-tol). See indol. 

ketols (ke'-tolz). In chemistry, ketone-alcohols, 
containing both the ketone and alcohol groups. 

ketone (ke'-tori) [an arbitrary variation of acetone]. 
An organic compound derived by oxidation from a 
secondary alcohol; it contains the group =C =0. 

ketoses (ke-to'-ses). In chemistry, a generic name 
applied to carbohydrates containing the ketone 
group CO. 

key (ke). 1. An instrument for opening or fasten- 
ing a lock. 2. A device for making and breaking an 
electric circuit. 3. In a system of classification a 
table containing the principal divisions and their 
distinguishing characteristics, k., Du Bpis-Rey- 
mond's, an electric switch by means of which the 
circuit may be either closed or the current short- 
circuited, k.-forceps, Elliot's, two instruments are 
so called, the one having beaks of forceps and the 
handle of a key, for the extraction of teeth; the 
other is designed for the extraction of roots of teeth 
that present but one side above the alveolus. They 
are now but little used. k. of Garengeot, an instru- 
ment for the extraction of teeth, composed of a shank 
with a movable clasp and a cross-bar. The clasp 
is applied to the inner surface of the tooth, and the 
extraction is accomplished by turning the handle. 
k., tetanizing. See k., DuBois-Reymond's. k., 
tooth. See k. o£ Garengeot. 

Key and Retzius' corpuscles {ke' , ret'-ze-us) [Ernst 
Axel Henrik Key, Swedish physician, 1832-1901; 
Magnus Gustav Retzius, Swedish histologist, 1842- 
]. Encapsulated corpuscles found in the bill of 
some aquatic birds and representing transition forms 
between Herbst's and Pacini's corpuscles. K. and 
R.'s foramina. See Luschka's foramina. 

Kg. Abbreviation for kilogram. 

kibe (kib). A broken, or ulcerated, chilblain. 

kibisitome (ki-bis-it-dm) [Ki/3«ns a pouch; 
Tkp.veiv, to cut]. A cystitome. 

kidney (kid'-ne) [ME., kidnere]. One of the two 
large glandular organs situated in the upper and 
posterior portion of the abdominal cavity, and con- 
cerned in the excretion of the urine. It consists of 
an outer cortical substance and an inner medullary 
substance. The medulla consists of from 8 to 18 
pyramids (pyramids of Malpighi), the apices of 
which, the papilla, project into the calyces of the 
ureter. The pyramids are striated, and in places 
send narrow projections into the cortex — the medul- 
lary rays, or pyramids of Ferrein. Between the 
pyramids are extensions from the cortex — the columns 
of Bertini. The cortex, by the penetration into it 
of the medullary rays, is divided into medullary rays 
and the labyrinth. The secreting structure of the 
kidney consists of long tubes, beginning in an ex- 
panded extremity — the capsule of Bowman — which 
invests a tuft of blood-vessels, the glomerulus, and 
constitutes, together with this, a Malpighian body; 
extending from this is the proximal convoluted tubule; 
then comes the spiral tubule, then the loop of Henle, 
consisting of a descending and an ascending limb; 
then the distal convoluted tubule, which terminates in 
the collecting tubule. The blood-vessels of the kidney 
divide into two sets of branches, one supplying the 



KIENBOCK'S DISEASE 



489 



KINO 



cortex, the other the medulla. The kidney weighs 
about 150 Gm. k., amyloid, a kidney the seat of 
amyloid degeneration, k., confluent, a single kidney 
formed by fusion of twin kidneys or other congenital 
malformation, k., fatty, one the seat of extensive 
fatty degeneration, k., floating. See floating kidney. 
k., gouty, k., granular, the small kidney resulting 
from chronic interstitial nephritis, k., horseshoe-. 
See horseshoe-kidney, k., large white, that of the 
advanced stage of chronic parenchymatous nephritis. 
k., massage, a state of uremia and renal incompetence 
due to improper massage of the kidney, k., movable, 
floating kidney, k., pigback, the large congested 
kidney found in alcoholic subjects, k. of pregnancy, 
an anemic kidney with fatty infiltration of the epi- 
thelial cells, but without any acute or chronic inflam- 
mation, occurring in pregnant women, k., red 
contracted. See k., gouty, k., sacculated, a con- 
dition due to hydronephrosis and absorption of the 
chief part of the kidney, leaving the irregularly ex- 
panded capsule, k., small white, the final stage of 
the large white kidney after loss of its substance from 
atrophy or degeneration, k., surgical, pyelonephritis. 
k., wandering. See k., floating, k., waxy. Same as 
k., amyloid. 

Kienbock's disease (ke'-en-bok). Traumatic mal- 
acia of the semilunar bone of the wrist. 

Kiernan's spaces (ker'-nan) [Francis Kiernan, 
English physician, 1 800-1 874]. The interlobular 
spaces of the liver. 

Kiesselbach's place (ke'-sel-bakh) [Wilhelm Kiessel- 
bach, German laryngologist, 1830- ]. The point 
at which the nasal septum, owing to its thinness, is 
especially liable to perforation. 

Kiesselbachii, locus. See Kiesselbach's place. 

Kilian's line (kil'-e-an) [Hermann Friedrich Kilian, 
German obstetrician, 1800-1863]. The line of the 
promontory of the sacrum. K.'s pelvis, the osteo- 
malacic (halisteretic) pelvis. 

Killian's operation {kil'-e-an) [Gustav Killian, 
German laryngologist, i860- ]. Removal of the 
anterior wall of the frontal sinus and curettage of the 
frontal sinus and ethmoid cells. 

kilo (kil'-o) . A contraction of kilogram. 

kilocalory (kil-o-kal'-or-e). See calory, great. 

kilogram (kil'-o-gram) [xiXun, a thousand; gram]. 
One thousand grams, or 2.2 pounds avoirdupois. 

kilogrammeter (kil-o-gram-et'-er) [xiXioi, one 
thousand; gram; p.krpov, a measure]. A term denot- 
ing the energy required to raise one kilogram one 
meter in height; equivalent to 7.233 foot-pounds. 

kiloliter (kil'-o-le-ter) [kilo; liter]. One thousand 
liters, or 35-31 cubic feet. 

kilometer (kil'-o-me-ter) [kilo; meter]. One thou- 
sand meters, or 1093.6 yards. 

kilostere (kil'-o-ster) [kilo; arepeos, solid]. One 
thousand cubic meters. 

kilowatt (kil'-o-wot) [xiXioi, thousand; watt]. 
One thousand watts of electricity; same as the 
kelvin. 

kilurane (kil'-u-ran) [xiXuh, a thousand; urane], 
A thousand uranes; a unit of radioactivity. 

kinesthesia (kin-es-the'-ze-ah). See kinesthesia. 

kinase (kin' -as) [niveau, motion]. See activator. 

kinazyme (ki'-na-zlm). Trade name of a prepara- 
tion of the liver, and the tryptic enzyme of the 
pancreas. It is said to improve digestion and 
nutrition, and to induce leukocytosis. 

kinematics (kin-em-at'-iks) [mveiv, to move]. 
The science of motion. 

kinematograph (kin-e-mat' -o-graf) [idvri<ns, move- 
ment; yp6.<j>eiv, to write]. An apparatus used to 
make a continuous record of a body in movement. 

kineplasty. A plastic amputation with the object 
of making a stump useful for locomotion. 

kinepock (kin'-pok). Synonym of vaccinia, q. v. 

kinesalgia (kin-es-al'-je-ah) [kinesis; a\yos, pain]. 
Local pain following muscular contraction. 

kinescope (kin'-es-kop) [nivelv, to move; anoirziv, 
to view]. A device to regulate with accuracy the 
width of an aperture through which rays of light are 
allowed to pass in measuring ametropia. 

kinescopy (kin-es'-ko-pe). A form of retinoscopy 
requiring cooperation on the part of the patient; 
subjective retinoscopy. 

kinesialgia (kin-e-si-al'-je-ah) [Klvyns, movement; 
0X705, pain]. The condition of a muscle giving rise 
to pain on contraction. Cf . kinesalgia. 

kinesiatric (kin-es-e-at'-rik) Ulvrjaris, movement; 
larpiKCK, therapeutic]. Relating to kinesitherapy. 



kinesiatrics (kin-es-e-at'-riks). Same as kinesi- 
therapy. 

kinesic (kin-ez'-ik). See kinetic. 

kinesiesthesiometer (kin-es-e-es-the-ze-om'-et-er) 
[kinesis; ala-^wts, perception; y.krpov, a measure]. 
An instrument for testing the muscular sense. It 
consists of wooden balls of the same size but of differ- 
ent weights. 

kinesimeter (kin-es-im'-et-ur). See kinesiometer. 

kinesiology (kin-es-e-ol'-o-je) [kinesis; \6yos, sci- 
ence]. The science of movements, considered espe- 
cially as therapeutic or hygienic agencies. 

kinesiometer (kin-es-e-om' -et-er) [kinesis; p.krpov, 
a measure]. An instrument for determining quanti- 
tatively the motion of a part. 

kinesiometric (ki-nes-e-o-met'-rik) [/a^o-is, move- 
ment; nerpov, measure]. Relating to the measure- 
ment of motion. 

kinesioneurosis (kin-es-e-o-nu-ro'-sis) [kinesis; neu- 
rosis]. A functional nervous disease associated with 
disorders of motion, k., external, that affecting the 
external muscles, k., internal, k., visceral, that 
affecting the muscles of the viscera. 

kinesionosos (kin-es-e-on'-o-sos) [/aV^trts, move- 
ment; vdffos, disease]. Any disease marked by 
impairment of the power of motion. 

kinesiotherapy (kin-es-e-o-ther'-ap-e). See kineto- 
therapy. 

kinesipathic (kin-es-ip-ath'-ik) [Kivqcns, motion; 
iraBoi, disease]. Pertaining to kinesipathy. 

kinesipathist (kin-es-ip' -ath-ist) [nivrivis, motion; 
iraBos, disease]. One who practises the gymnastic 
treatment of disease. 

kinesipathy (kin-es-ip'-ath-e) [kinesis; iraBos, dis- 
ease]. Kinetotherapy. 

kinesis (kin-e'-sis) [kIvt)(tis, motion]. The general 
term for all physical forms of energy. 

kinesitherapy (kin-es-e-ther'-ap-e) [nLvr)<ns, motion; 
depaweia, care, cure]. See Swedish movements. 

kinesodic (kin-es-od'-ik) [kinesis; 656s, way]. Per- 
taining to the motor pathways. 

kinesotherapy (kin-es-o-ther'-ap-e). Same as^. kin- 
esitherapy. 

kinesthesia, kinesthesis (kin-es-the'-ze-ah, kin-es- 
the'-sis) [kinesis; alixd^ais, sensation]. 1. That 
quality of sensations whereby we become aware of 
our position in space, our movements, and that gives 
us our impression of weight and resistance. 2. The 
morbid impulse that impels one looking from a 
height to throw himself down. 

kinesthetic (kin-es-thet'-ik) [kiVtjo-ij, movement; 
aio-077<ris, sensation]. Relating to kinesthesia. 

kinesia (kin-e'-ze-ah) [/dvncns, movement]. Move- 
ment-cure; systematic use of motion for therapeutic 
or hygienic purposes. 2. See kinetia. 

kinetia (kin-e'-she-ah) [nivrjais, motion]. A term 
applied to all forms of motion-sickness. It includes 
such disorders as sea-sickness and car-sickness. 

kinetic (kin-et'-ik) [kinesis]. Pertaining to motion; 
producing motion, as kinetic energy, k. jelly. See 
under jelly, k. system, Crile's term for the brain, 
thyroid, adrenals and muscles. 

kinetics (kin-et'-iks) [Kivrjan, movement]. The 
science of force as developing motion. 

kinetographic (kin-et-o-graf'-ik) [icivri<ns, move- 
ment; ypa<t>tiv, to write]. Relating to the recording 
of movements. 

kinetoplasm (kin-et' -o-plazm) . See hyaloplasm. 

kinetoscope (kin-ef -o-skop) [kZj'tjo-is, movement; 
anoirelv, to view]. An apparatus for producing 
stereoptic pictures of objects or beings in motion; a 
vitascope. 

kinetotherapeutic (kin-et-o-ther-ap-u'-tik) [kineto- 
therapy]. Relating to the therapeutic use of syste- 
matic movements and exercises. 

kinetotherapy (kin-et-o-ther'-ap-e) [kinesis; depaweia, 
therapy]. The treatment of disease by systematic, 
active or passive movements. 

king's evil. Scrofula, on account of a belief that 
it could be cured by the touch of the king, k.'s 
yellow. See arsenic trisulphide. 

kink (kingk). 1. The whoop in whooping-cough. 
2. A synonym of whooping-cough. 3. A flexion or a 
twist, k.-cough, a synonym of whooping-cough. 
k.-host, a synonym of whooping-cough, k., Lane's. 
See Lane's kink. 

kino (ki'-no) [E. Ind.J. 1. The inspissated juice 
of Pterocarpus marsupium, found in India, and 
similar in action to tannic acid; it is used mainly as a 
constituent of gargles and diarrhea mixtures. 2. A 



KINOMETER 



490 



KNOT 



general term for the astringent inspissated juice of a 
tree, as furnished by many species of Eucalyptus. 
k., tincture of (tinctura kino, U. S. P.). Dose 10 
min.-2 dr. (0.65-8.0 Cc). 

kinometer (kin-om'-et-er) [nlvriais, movement; 
ukrpov, measure]. An instrument to measure the 
amount of displacement of the uterus in case of tumor 
or cellular inflammation of the pelvis, 
kinone (kin' -on). See quinone. 
kinoplasm (kin'-o-plazm) [iaveiv, to move; ir\afffj.a, 
a thing molded]. Strasburger's term for the proto- 
plasm peculiar to the centrosome; the archoplasm 
of Boveri. 

kinotannic acid. A variety of tannic acid found 
in kino. p 

kinoyin (kin'-o-vin). See quinovin. 
kionitis (ki-on-i'-tis). Same as staphylitis. 
kionorrhaphy (ki-on-or'-af-e). Same as staphylor- 
rhaphy. 

kiotome (ki'-o-tom) [kLwv, the uvula; rofios, cut- 
ting]. An instrument for amputating the uvula, or 
for dividing strictures of the bladder or rectum. 

kiotomy (ki-ot'-o-me) [see kiotome}. Excision of 
the uvula. 

Kissingen salts (kis'-ing-en). Effervescing salts 
from the mineral springs of Kissingen. K. water, a 
laxative tonic mineral water of Kissingen, in Bavaria. 
kite-tail plug. A tampon used in controlling 
uterine hemorrhage. It is made by tying rolls of 
cotton to a string at intervals, the whole resembling a 
kite-tail. 

Kittel's method {kit'-el) [M. J. Kittell, German 
physician]. Treatment of gout by massage of the 
effected joints. 

Kl. Abbreviation for kiloliter. 
klang [Ger.]. See timbre. 

Klatsch-preparation (klatsh-prep-ar-a'-shun) [Ger., 
Klatschpraparat]. A cover-glass preparation made 
by pressing the cover-glass lightly on a bacterial 
colony in plate-culture. 

Klebs-Loeffler bacillus (klebs'-leff'-ler) [Edwin 
Klebs, German bacteriologist, 1834-1913; Friedrich 
August Johannes Loeffler, German physician, 1852- 
1915]. The bacillus diphtheria. 

kleidarthrocace (klid-ar-throk'-as-e) [n\ds, clavi- 
cle; apdpov, joint; KaKrj, evil]. Spontaneous luxation 
of the clavicle. ^ 

klemmolin (klem'-ol-in). A proprietary remedy 
for rheumatism said to be prepared from pine tops 
and poplar buds. 

kleptomania (klep-to-ma'-ne-ah) [KXkirreip, to steal; 
fiavia, madness]. A form of emotional insanity 
manifested by a morbid desire to commit theft. 

kleptophobia (klep-to-fo'-be-ah) [KKkirretv, to steal; 
<£6/3os, fear]. 1. A morbid dread of thieves. 2. A 
morbid dread of becoming a kleptomaniac. 
klinocephalus. See clinocephalus. 
klinostat (kli'-no-stat). See clinostat. 
KlippePs disease (klip'-el) [Maurice Klippel, 
French physician, 1858- ]. General paralysis 
occurring in arthritic patients. 

kliseometer (klis-e-om'-et-er). Same as cliseometer . 
klopemania (klop-e-ma' -ne-ah) [kKo-wtj, theft; fiavia, 
madness]. Same as kleptomania. 

klopsophobia (klop-so-fo' -be-ah) [/cXcb^, thief; <£6/3os, 
fear]. Same as kleptophobia. 

Klumpke's paralysis (kloomp'-keh) [A. Dejerine 
Klumpke, French neurologist]. Paralysis and atro- 
phy of the muscles of the forearm and hand, with 
sensory and oculopupillary disturbances; it is due to 
a lesion of the seventh and eighth cervical and first 
dorsal nerve-roots. 

Km. Abbreviation for kilometer. 
Knapp's angioid streaks (nap) [Hermann Knapp, 
American ophthalmologist, 1832-1911]. Pigment 
streaks appearing occasionally in the retina after 
. hemorrhage. K.'s forceps. A forceps with roller 
blades used in the treatment of trachoma on the 
palpebral conjunctiva. K.'s operation. For cata- 
ract-extraction: a broad iridectomy and peripheral 
opening of the capsule; the lens is expelled by gentle 
pressure on the lower part of the cornea. 

Knapp's test for glucose in the urine. A solution 
is made of 10 Gm. of mercuric cyanid dissolved in 
100 Cc. of caustic soda solution, of a specific gravity 
of 1.14s, and diluted to one liter. When this solution 
is diluted with water and heated with a glucose 
solution, a reduction of metallic mercury takes place. 
Ten Cc. of this solution are reduced by 0.025 Gm. of 
glucose. 



kneading (ne'-ding). The same as petrissage, q. v. 
See also malaxation. 

knee (ne) [AS., cnedw]. The articulation between 
the femur and the tibia, k.-cap, the patella, k., 
housemaid's. See housemaid's knee, k., in-. See 
genu valgum, k. of internal capsule, the angle of 
junction of the anterior and posterior limbs of the 
internal capsule, k.-jerk, k.-refiex, k.-phenomenon, 
a contraction of the quadriceps extensor femoris 
muscle as a result of a light blow on the patellar 
tendon. Syn., patellar tendon-reflex. See also under 
reflex, k.-joint, a hinge-joint consisting of the 
articulation of the condyles of the femur with the 
upper extremity of the tibia and the posterior surface 
of the patella, k., knock-. See genu valgum. 
k., out-. See genu varum, k.-pan, the patella. 

Kneippism (ni'-pizm) [E. H. Sebastian Kneipp, 
German priest, 1821-1897]. Hydrotherapy applied 
in a great variety of ways — baths, lotions, wet 
compresses, packs, cold affusions, and walking bare- 
footed in the morning dew. 

knife (nlf) [AS., cnif]. An instrument for cutting* 
In surgery, knives are of various shapes and sizes, 
according to their use. k.-needle, a needle with a 
cutting edge, used in the discission of cataracts. 
k.-rest crystals, peculiarly indented crystals of triple 
phosphate occasionally found in urine. 

knitting (nit'-ing). The union and becoming 
rigid of a fracture. 

knock-knee (nok'-ne). See genu valgum. 

knock-out-drops. A strong aqueous solution of 
chloral used by criminals to deprive their victims of 
consciousness. 

knot (not) [ME., knotte]. An interlacement of 
ends or parts of one or more cords or threads so that 
they cannot be readily separated, k., clove-hitch, 
a knot consisting of two single, contiguous loops, the 
free ends toward each other, k., double. Same as 
k., friction, k., false. Same as k., granny, k., 
friction, one in which the ends are wound twice 
around each other before they are tied, k., Gerdy's 




Granny, false, or Reef or sailor's knot, 
double knot. 




Staffordshire or 
Tait's knot. 



Combined surgeon's or 
reef knot. 



extension, resembles the clove-hitch, k., granny, 
a tie of a cord in which in the second loop the end 
of one cord is over, and the other under, its fellow, 
so that the two loops do not lie in the same line. 
k., reef, a knot so formed that the ends come out 
alongside of the standing parts and the knot does not 
jam. k., sailor's. Same as k., reef, k., square. 
Same as k., reef, k., Staffordshire, a knot used in 
ligating the pedicle in ovariotomy. The ligature is 
passed through the pedicle, and withdrawn so as to 



KNUCKLE 



491 



KOPREMIA 



leave a loop, which is passed over the tumor, and one 
of the free ends is then drawn through the loop; 
both ends are then passed through the pedicle, 
tightened, and tied, k., stay, formed by two or 
more ligatures in the following way: on each ligature 
separately is made the first hitch of a reef knot, which 
is tightened so that the loop lies in contact with the 
vessel, without constricting it; then taking the two 
ends on one side together in one hand, and the two 
ends on the other side in the other hand, the vessel is 
constricted sufficiently to occlude it, after which the 
reef knot is completed, k., surgical, a double knot 
made by passing the thread twice through the same 
loop, k., Tait's. See k., Staffordshire. 

knuckle (nuk'-l). i. An articulation of the pha- 
langes with the metacarpal bones or with each other. 
2. A loop of intestine. 

Kobelt's cyst (ko'-belt) [Georg Ludwig Kobelt, 
German physician, 1804-1857]- A small peduncu- 
lated cyst formed in one of Kobelt's tubes. K.'s 
tubes, the upper ducts of the Wolffian body which 
end in a culdesac. 

Kobert's test for hemoglobin (ko'-bert) [Eduard 
Rudolf Robert, German chemist, 1854- ]• Treat 
the solution with one of zinc sulphate or shake it 
with zinc powder, when a precipitate of zinc hemo- 
globin is formed. Alkalies color this precipitate red. 

KOC. Abbreviation for cathodal opening contrac- 
tion. 

Koch's bacillus (kok) [Robert Koch, German 
bacteriologist, 1843-1910]. 1. The Bacillus tuber- 
culosis. 2. The Spirillum choleras, asiaticce. K.'s 
eruption, a morbilliform eruption following the injec- 
tion of tuberculin. K.'s law, K.'s postulates, the 
specificity of a microorganism is conclusively demon- 
strated when the following conditions are fulfilled: 
(1) The microorganism must be present in all cases 
of the disease; (2) it must be cultivated in pure 
culture; (3) its inoculation must produce the disease 
in susceptible animals; (4) from such animals it must 
be obtained and again cultivated in pure culture. 
K.'s lymph. See tuberculin. K.'s method of ster- 
ilization, a method of interrupted heating. The 
culture-mediums are heated for a short time daily 
for from three to five successive days, usually in the 
steam sterilizer. 

Koch-Weeks bacillus [see Koch; John Elmer 
Weeks, American ophthalmologist, 1853- ]. A 
bacillus which causes pink-eye or acute contagious 
conjunctivitis. 

Kocher's operation (kok'-er) [Theodor Kocher, 
Swiss surgeon, 1841- ]. 1. For excision of the 
ankle-joint: the incision is made beneath the external 
malleolus, and is followed by division of the peroneal 
tendons after being secured with threads, and opening 
of the joint with removal of the diseased parts; the 
foot is replaced and the tendons sutured. 2. For 
the relief of cancer of the rectum: a long integumentary 
incision is made, freely exposing the bone. With a 
chisel each side of the sacrum is grooved along the 
inner side of the foramina, beginning at the third. 
The segment, which he calls the "knockenspange," 
is removed. This exposes the sacral canal and makes 
certain the protection of the nerves. 

kodozonol (kod-o-zo'-nol). Ozonized cod-liver oil, 
an antiseptic dressing for wounds, burns, etc. 

Koebner's multiple papillary tumors. See mycosis 
fungoides. 

Koehler's disease (ke'-ler) [Albert Koehler, 
German surgeon, 1850- ]. Softening of the 
scaphoid bone of the foot resulting from traumatism. 

von Koelliker's cells (kel'-ik-er) [Rudolf Albert von 
Koelliker, German anatomist, 1817-1905]. 1. Little 
cells of the seminiferous tubules which are trans- 
formed into spermatozoa. 2. See myeloplax. v. 
K.'s fibrous layer, the layer of fibrous connective 
tissue which forms the substantia propria of the iris. 
v. K.'s glands. See Bowman's glands, v. K.'s 
musclebuds. See Kuehne's muscle-spindles, v. K.'s 
nucleus, the gray matter surrounding the canal of 
the spinal cord. v. K.'s reticulum, the neuroglia. 
v. K.'s tract-cells, ganglion-cells, the axons of which 
pass as longitudinal fibers into the white columns of 
the spinal cord. 

Koenig's symptom (ker'-nig) [Franz Koenig, Ger- 
man surgeon, 1832- ]. Blue-blindness in granular 
kidney. K.'s symptom-complex, alternation, for a 
long period of constipation and diarrhea, and irre- 
gular attacks of colic, which are generally of short 
duration and terminate suddenly. During these 



attacks the abdomen is distended, there exists fre- 
quently a visible peristalsis, and a loud gurgling is 
heard in the ileocecal region. These symptoms are 
characteristic of tuberculous stenosis of the cecum. 

Koerte-Ballance operation (ker'-teh bal'-ans) [Wer- 
ner Koerte, German surgeon, 1853- ; Charles 
Alfred Ballance, English surgeon]. 1. Anastomosis 
of the facial and hypoglossal nerves for the relief of 
facial palsy. 2. Anastomosis of the facial and spinal 
accessoiy nerves. 

Kohlrausch's fold {kol'-rowsh) [Otto Ludwig Bern- 
hard Kohlrausch, German physician, 1811-1854], 
A semilunar, transverse fold of the rectal mucosa, 
situated about 6 cm. above the anus in the anterior 
and right wall of the rectum. K.'s veins, the super- 
ficial veins that pass from the surface of the penis 
upward to empty into the dorsal vein. 

koilonychia {koi-lo-nik'-e-ah) [koZXos, hollow; 
5w£ , nail]. A condition in which the outer surface 
of the nail is concave; spoon-nail. 

kola (ko'-lah). See k.-nut. k.-cardinette, a pro- 
prietary cordial containing from 30 to 60 gr. of kola- 
nut to each fluidounce. A nerve-tonic and stimu- 
lant. Dose 1-4 tablespoonfuls (16-60 Cc.) 5 or 6 
times daily, k.-nut, the seed of Cola acuminata, 
used in Central Africa as a substitute for tea and 
coffee. It contains an alkaloid similar to caffeine and 
is a cerebral stimulant and cardiac tonic, k.-tannin, 
a compound of caffeine and tannin obtained from 
kola-nut. 

kolabon (ko'-lah-bon) [kola; bonbon]. A confection 
prepared from undried kola-nut, containing kolanin, 
caffeine, and theobromine. It is recommended in 
treatment of sea-sickness. 

kolanin (ko'-lan-in). The physiologically active 
glucoside from kola-nut; a thick extract, containing 
80 to 90 % of the pure glucoside, is used in the treat- 
ment of neurasthenia and neurasthenic weakness of 
the heart. 

Kolk's (Schroeder van der) law. A spinal nerve 
endows the muscles with motion through its motor 
branches and the parts moved with sensation through 
its sensory branches. 

kollonema (kol-on-e'-mah) [/coXXa, glue; %a, 
tissue]. Same as myxoma, q. v. 

kolopexy. See colopexy. 

kolotyphus (ko-lo-ti'-fus). Typhoid fever. 

kolp-. For words beginning, thus, see colp-. 

kolpo- (kol-po-). See colpo-. 

kolypeptic (ko-le-pep'-tik) [kuXw, to hinder; 
ireirriKos, conductive to digestion]. Hindering or 
checking digestive processes. 

kolyseptic (ko-le-sep'-tik) [kwXw, to hinder; 
aij-KTeiv, to putrefy]. 1. Preventing putrefaction. 
2. An agent that hinders a septic process. 

kombe {kom'-ba) [African]. An African arrow- 
poison {kombe inee) extracted from Strophanthus 
kombe. 

Kondoleon's operation (kon-do'-le-on) [Emmanuel 
Kondoleon, Greek surgeon]. Excision of pieces of 
connective tissue for the relief of elephantiasis. 

koniantron {kon-e-an'-tron) [kovis, dust; avrpov, 
antrum]. An instrument for spraying fluid into the 
tympanic cavity. 

koniosis (kon-e-o'-sis) [kovis, dust]. A morbid 
condition due to inhalation of dust. 

koniscope (kon'-is-kop) [/com, dust; okovHv, to 
examine]. An instrument for determining the 
quantity of dust in the atmosphere. 

konseal (kon'-sel). A form of cachet. 

koosso, koosoo (koo'-soo). See cusso. 

kopf tetanus (kopf'-tet-an-us) [Ger.]. Cephalic te- 
tanus. See tetanus, cephalic. 

kophemia (ko-fe'-me-ah) [icu<f>av, to deafen]. See 
deafness, word. 

kopiopia (kop-e-o'-pe-ah) [koitos, a straining; wip, 
eye]. Eye-strain; weariness of the eyes. k. hys- 
terica, a term applied to those symptoms that indi- 
cate hyperesthesia of the trigeminus and optic 
nerves. 

Koplik's sign, K.'s spots {kop'-lik) [Henry Koplik, 
American physician, 1858- ]. Minute bluish- 
white spots surrounded by a reddish areola; they are 
observed on the mucous membrane of the cheeks and 
lips of the patient during the prodromal stage of 
measles. 

Kopp's asthma [Johann Heinrich Kopp, German 
physician, 1777-1858]. Laryngismus stridulus. 
Syn., Kopp's thymic asthma. 

kopremia, kopraemia. See copremia. 



KOPRIKIN 



492 



KUEHNE'S MUSCLE-SPINDLES 



koprikin (kop'-rik-in) [kottpos, dung]. Undigested 
animal matter in the feces. 

koprostearin (kop-ro-ste'-ar-in). A modified choles- 
terol found in the feces. 

Koranyi's auscultation (ko-rahn'-ye) [Baron F. von 
Koranyi, Austrian physician, 1829- ]. Auscul- 
tation with percussion upon the second joint of the 
forefinger applied perpendicularly to the part. 
K.'s sign. See Grocco's sign. 

kore- (kor'-e-). See core-. 

koronion (ko-ro'-ne-on). The apex of the coronoid 
process of the inferior maxilla. 

koroscopy (kor-os'-ko-pe). See retinoscopy. 

Korsakoff's psychosis (kor'-sak-off) [Sergius Kor- 
sakoff, Russian neurologist, 1853-1900]. Mental 
derangement, in the form of delirium, observed in 
cases of polyneuritis. 

kosher (ko'-shur) [Heb., lawful]. Pure, lawful. 
k.-meat, the flesh of animals that have been slaught- 
ered and inspected according to the laws of the 
Jewish rabbis. 

kosin (ko'-siri) [Abyssinian, cusso], C31H36O10. 
Same as koussin. See cusso. 

kosotoxin (ko-so-toks' -in) [koso, the fertile flowers 
of Br ay era anthelmintica ; to£ik6v, poison], C26H34O10. 
An active principle from the ethereal extract of cusso 
flowers. It is a strong muscle poison, but exerts 
little influence on the central nervous system. 

Kossel's test for hypoxanthin. Treat the solution 
with hydrochloric acid and zinc and add an excess 
of sodium hydroxide. The presence of hypoxanthin 
is evinced by a ruby -red color. 

koumiss (koo'-mis). See kumiss. 

koussin (koos'-in). See under cusso. 

kousso (koos'-o). See cusso. 

Kovalevski, canal of (kof-a-lef-ske) [Pavel Ivano- 
vich Kovalevski, Russian embryologist, 1845- ]. 
The neurenteric canal; in the embryo, a passage 
leading from the posterior part of the medullary tube 
into the archenteron. 

Kowarski's test for sugar in the urine {ko-var'-ske). 
Shake in a test-tube 5 drops of phenylhydrazin with 
10 drops of strong acetic acid, add 1 Cc. of saturated 
sodium chloride solution and 2 Cc. or 3 Cc. of urine, 
and heat for 2 minutes; then cool slowly. If the 
amount of sugar present is as high as 0.2 %, char- 
acteristic crystals will form in a few minutes; if less, 
the formation of crystals will require a longer time — 
5 to 30 minutes. 

Koyter's muscle (koi'-ter) [Volcherus Koyter, 
Dutch anatomist, 1 534-1600]. The corrugator 
supercilii. Syn., musculus Coiteri. 

Kr. Chemical symbol of krypton. 

Kramer's frontal band. A head-band with appli- 
ances to hold a Eustachian catheter in place so that 
the surgeon's hands may be free. 

Krameria (kra-me'-re-ah) [J. G. H. Kramer, 
Austrian physician]. A genus of polypetalous herbs. 
The krameria of the U. S. P. is the dried root of 
K. triandra (ratany-root) and K. ixina, shrubs native 
to South America; it possesses the same astringent 
qualities as tannic acid. It is used in serous diar- 
rheas. Dose 15 gr. (1 Gm.). k., extract of (ex- 
tr actum krameria, U. S. P.). Dose 5-10 gr. (0.32- 
0.65 Gm.). k., fiuidextract of (fluidextractum kram- 
eria, U. S. P.). Dose 5 min.— § dr. (0.32-2.0 Cc). 
k., infusion of (infusum krameria, B. P.). Dose 1-2 
oz. (32-64 Cc). k., syrup of (syrupus krameria, 
U. S. P.), contains of the fiuidextract, 35; syrup, 65. 
Dose 7 dr.-| oz. (2-16 Cc). k., tincture of {tinctura 
krameria, U. S. P.). Dose 5 min.-i dr. (0.32-4.0 
Cc). k., troches of {trochisci krameria, U. S. P.), 
each troche contains 1 gr. (0.065 Gm.) of the extract. 

Kraske's operation (kras'-keh) [Paul Kraske, 
German surgeon, 1851- ]. Removal of the coc- 
cyx and left part of the sacrum prior to resection 
of the rectum in case of malignant disease. 

kraurosis (kraw-ro'-sis) [icpavpos, dry]. Shriveling 
and dryness, especially of the vulva. 

Krause's corpuscles, K.'s end-bulbs {krow'-zer) 
[1. Wilhelm Krause, German anatomist, 1833- ; 
2. Fedor Krause, German surgeon, 1857- ]• 
[r]. Spheroid nerve-corpuscles resembling Pacinian 
corpuscles, but having a more delicate investment. 
They are found especially in the conjunctiva and the 
genitals. K.'s disc, K.'s membrane. [1]. The dark 
transverse band that divides a transparent (isotropic) 
sarcous element in the middle. K.'s glands. [1]. 
Acinous glands found in the conjunctiva near the 
fornix, especially of the upper lid. K.'s muscle. 



[1]. The coracocervicalis muscle. K.'s nerve. [1]. 
The ulnar collateral branch of the musculospiral nerve 
that descends along with the ulnar nerve and enters 
the lower short fibers of the inner head of the tri- 
ceps. K.'s respiratory tract. [2]. The solitary fasci- 
cle of the oblongata. K.'s valve. [1]. See Beraud's 
valve. K.'s ventricle. [1]. The terminal ventricle 
of the spinal cord. 

kreatin (kre'-at-in). See creatin. 

kreatinin (kre-at'-in-in). See creatinin. 

krelos (Jkre'-los). Trade name of a disinfectant 
said to be a solution of cresols and rosin soap. 

kreolin (kre'-o-lin). See creolin. 

kreosolid (kre-o-sol'-id). See creosote-magnesia. 

kreotoxicon (kre-o-toks'-ik-on) [icpkas, meat; to^ikov, 
poison]. A general term for the active agent in 
poisonous meat. 

kreotoxin (kre-o-toks'-in). Any basic poison gener- 
ated in meat by bacteria. 

kreotoxism (kre-o-toks'-izm) [see kreotoxicon]. 
Poisoning by infected meat. 

kreozonal (kre-o-zo'-nal). Ozonized oil of tar for 
external use in skin diseases. 

kreplinum (krep'-li-num). A proprietary cosmetic 
said to be quillaya bark in dilute (25 per cent.) 
alcohol to which is added oil of rosemary, lavender, 
or other perfuming oils. 

kresamine (kres'-am-en). See ethylenediamine- 
tricresol. 

kresaprol (kres'-ap-rol). See cresin. 

kresin (kre'-sin). See cresin. 

kresoform (kres'-o-form). A condensation-product 
of formaldehyde and creosote. 

kresofuchsin (kres-o-fook'-sin). An amorphous 
powder of gray-blue color. It is soluble in acetic 
acid and acetone, less readily but quite soluble in 
alcohol, only very slightly so in water. The alcoholic 
solution appears blue, the aqueous red. It is used 
as a histological stain. 

Kretzschmann's space (kretsh'-man). A small 
pocket in the attic of the middle ear situated below 
Prussak's space. 

Kreysig's sign (kri'-zig) [Friedrich Ludwig Krey- 
sig, German physician, 1770-1839]. Retraction of 
the epigastrium and the contiguous portion of the 
false ribs with each systole, in adherent pericar- 
dium. 

Krishaber's disease (kres-hah-bair') [Maurice 
Krishaber, French physician, 1836-1883]. A neu- 
rosis resembling neurasthenia, and characterized by 
a rapid onset, predominant cerebral symptoms 
(insomnia, vertigo, etc.), neuralgia, and circulatory 
disturbances. Syn., neuropathie cerebrocardiaque. 

Krisowski's sign (kre-sof'-ske). Radiating lines 
about the mouth, and the union of the hard palate 
with the posterior pharyngeal wall by fibrous tissue; 
found in congenital syphilis. 

kristallin. See cristallin. 

Kroenlein's hernia (kren'-lln) [Rudolf Ulrich 
Kroenlein, Swiss surgeon, 1847-1910]. Preperito- 
neal inguinal hernia. 

Kronecker's inhibitory center (kron'-ek-er) [Hugo 
Kronecker, Swiss physiologist, 1839-1914]. A point 
in the interventricular septum, puncture of which 
causes incoordinate fibrillary contractions of the 
heart. K.'s solution, a 5 per cent, solution of sodium 
chloride with sodium carbonate used in the micro- 
scopical examination of fresh tissues. 

kronethyl (kron-eth'-il). An ethereal extract of 
Chinese cantharides. Applied in gout and neuralgia, 
6-10 drops on a wet bandage. 

krymotherapy. See crymotherapy. 

kryofine (kri'-o-fen). Phenetidin methylglycolate, 
a condensation-product of paraphenetidin and 
methylglycolic acid. It is antipyretic and anti- 
neuralgic Dose 5-8 gr. (0.3-0.5 Gm.). 

kryoscopy. See cryoscopy. 

kryptidin (kript'-id-in) [kpv-ktov, concealed], C11- 
H12N. A base from coal-tar. Syn., cryptidin. 

krypto- (krip'-to-). See crypto. 

krypton (krip'-ton) [upvirrbs, hidden]. A gaseous 
element found by Ramsay in liquefied air. See 
elements, table of. 

krystallose (kris'-lal-os). Sodium saccharinate. 

kubisagari, kubisgari (koo-bis-ah-gah'-re, koo-bis- 
gah'-re). An endemic paralytic vertigo which prevails 
in Japan. 

Kuehne's muscle-spindles (ke'-ner) [Willy Kuh- 
ne, German histologist, 1837-1900]. Peculiar, fusi- 
form enlargements occurring at the entrance of certain 



KUELZ'S CASTS 



493 



KYTOPLASM 



nerves into a muscle-bundle. K.'s muscular phe- 
nomenon. See Porret's phenomenon. 

Kuelz's casts. Very short, generally hyaline, but 
sometimes granular, casts, occurring at the onset 
and during the course of diabetic coma, disappearing 
with the coma, and considered by Kulz as diagnostic 
of impending coma. 

Kuemmell's disease (kim'-el) [Hermann Kuemmell, 
German surgeon, 1852- ]. Traumatic spondylitis. 
K.'s kyphosis. Kyphosis resulting from trauma, but 
in which the symptoms are delayed. 

Kuester's sign (kes'-ter) [Otto Ernst Kuester, 
German gynecologist, 1850- ]. The presence of 
a cystic tumor in the median line anterior to the 
uterus, disclosed by palpation and inspection; usually 
indicates ovarian dermoids. 

Kuestner's law. Torsion of the pedicle of an 
ovarian tumor takes place toward the right if the 
tumor is left-sided, and toward the left if it is right- 
sided. 

Kuhn's tube (kun). A flexible tube containing a 
spiral of steel wire, which moves freely within the 
metal elastic tube, and terminates in a knob. It is 
used as a duodenal or intubation tube. 

Kuhnt's spaces {koont') [Hermann Kuhnt, German 
ophthalmologist, 1850- ]. The recesses of the 
posterior chamber; a series of radial spaces which 
communicate anteriorly with the posterior chamber 
of the eye and contain aqueous humor. 

kumbecephalic, kumbokephalic (kum-be-sef-al'-ik, 
kum-bo-kef-al'-ik). See cymbocephalic. 

kumiss, kumyss {koo'-mis) [Tartar, kumiz, fer- 
mented mares' milk]. An alcoholic drink originally 
made by the fermentation of mares' milk. At 
present cows' milk is used in making it. 

von Kupffer's cells (koop'-fer) [Karl Wilhelm von 
Kupffer, German anatomist, 1829- ]. Stellate 
endothelial cells of the liver-capillaries having a large 
round or ovoid nucleus and frequently containing 
pigmentary matter. 

Kurloff's bodies (koor'-lof) [Mikhail Georgiyevitch 
Kurloff, Russian physician]. Nucleoids or inclusion 
bodies of unknown significance, found in the large 
mononuclear leukocytes of the guinea pig. 

Kussmaul's aphasia (koos'-mowl) [Adolf Kuss- 
maul, German physician, 1822-1902]. Voluntary 
mutism, simulating aphasia, which sometimes affects 
the insane, particularly paranoiacs, with mystic 
ideas. K.'s coma, diabetic coma. K.'s disease, 
acute anterior poliomyelitis; acute atrophic spinal 
paralysis. K.'s paradoxic pulse, a pulse which be- 
comes weaker or disappears during deep inspiration; 
it is observed in cases of adherent pericardium and 
mediastinal adhesions or tumor. K.'s respiration, 
the deep, labored respiration of diabetic coma. K.'s 
symptom, swelling of the cervical veins during inspira- 
tion in adherent pericardium and mediastinal 
tumor. 

Kussmaul-Landry's paralysis. See Landry's par- 
alysis. 



kusso (koo'-so). See cusso. 

kuttarasome (kut-ar'-as-om) [Kvrrapos, any hollow 
cavity; a&fia, body]. A body found by Ira van 
Gieson at the neck of the cone of the retina, composed 
of a series of parallel bars presenting a gridiron appear 
ance. The bars had lateral anastomoses and at the 
top joined in a semicircular manner. 

ky anopsia {ki-an-op' -se-ah) . See cy anopsia. 

kyestein {ki-es'-te-in) [nvelv, to be pregnant; icrdris, 
a garment]. A filmy deposit upon decomposing 
urine, once thought to be diagnostic of pregnancy. 

kyllopodia (kil-o-po' -de-ah) [avWbs, twisted; irovs, 
foot]. See club-foot. 

kyllosis (kil-o'-sis) [wAAos, twisted]. Same as 
club-foot. 

kymograph, kymographion (ki'-mo-graf, ki-mo- 
graf-e-on) [mpa, a wave; ypafoiv, to write]. An 
instrument for reproducing graphically the variations 
in blood-pressure. 

kymoscope (ki'-mo-skop) [kvhcl, a wave; aKowelv, 
to inspect]. A device used in the observation and 
study of the blood-current. 

kynocephalous (ki-no-sef'-a-lus). See cynocepha- 
lous. 

kynophobia (ki-no-fo'-be-ah). See Gynophobia. 

kynurin (ki-nu'-rin). See cynurin. 

kyphoscoliorachitic (ki-fo-sko-le-o-rak-it'-ik). Ky- 
phoscoliotic. 

kyphoscoliosis (ki-fo-sko-le-o'-sis) [kyphosis; scoli- 
osis]. Kyphosis combined with scoliosis. 

kyphoscoliotic (ki-fo-sko-le-ot'-ik) [see kyphoscoli- 
osis]. Characterized by or pertaining to kypho- 
scoliosis. 

kyphosis (ki-fo'-sis) [ki>4>03<tis, humpbacked]. 
Humpback. Angular curvature of the spine, the 
prominence or convexity turned dorsad. 

kyphotic (ki-fot'-ik) [kyphosis]. Relating to, of 
the nature of, or affected with kyphosis. 

kyphotone (ki'-fo-ton) [ku<£6s, a crookedness; tovos, 
a brace]. An apparatus for the forcible reduction 
of deformity in Pott's disease. 

kyrtometric {kir-to-met'-rik) [xupros, curved; fierpov, 
a measure]. Relating to the measurements of the 
body-curves. Syn., cyrtometric. 

kysthitis (kis-thi'-tis) [kv<t8os, a hollow; ins, in- 
flammation]. Vaginitis. 

kysthoproptosis (kis-tho-prop-to'-sis) [icvaOos, a 
hollow; irp67rTuai.s, a falling forward]. Prolapse of 
the vagina. 

kysthoptosis (kis-thop-to'-sis). Preferred term for 
kysthoproptosis. 

kysto- (kis'-to-). See cysto-. 

kystoma (kis-to'-mah). See cystoma. 

kythemolytic (ki-them-o-lit'-ik) [/euros, cell; alfia, 
blood; Averts, solution]. Pertaining to, characterized 
by, or causing, the destruction of blood-cells. 

kytomitome (ki-tom'-it-6m) [/euros, cell; fiiros, 
thread]. The network in the body of the nucleus of 
the cell. 

kytoplasm (ki'-to-plazm). See cytoplasm. 



L. Abbreviation for Latin, for limes, a boundary 
or threshhold (see L+, and Lo). 

1. Abbreviation of left, of libra, a pound, of liter, 
of lethal. 

Lo. Ehrlich's symbol for the quantity of toxic 
bouillon which is completely neutralized by one 
antitoxin unit. 

L+. Ehrlich's symbol for the minimum quantity 
of toxic bouillon which will kill an experimental 
animal. 

La. Chemical symbol of lanthanum. 

lab, lab-ferment. The ferment of rennet, pro- 
ducing coagulation of milk. 

Labarraque's solution (lab-ar-ak') [Antoine Ger- 
main Labarraque, French chemist, 1777-1850]. A 
solution of sodium carbonate, 10; chloride of lime, 8; 
water, 100; it is a disinfectant. Liquor soda? chlori- 
nate. 

Labbe's vein (lab-a') [Leon Labbe~, French surgeon, 
1832- ]. The anastomotic vein that extends 
from the lateral sinus to Trolard's vein or to the 
superior longitudinal sinus. 

labdacism (lab'-das-izm). Same as lambdacism. 

labdanum (lab'-dan-um). See ladanum. 

labia (la'-be-ah) [L.: plural of labium, lip]. The 
lips. 1. majora, two cutaneous folds from the mons 
Veneris to the perineum. 1. minora, the nymphae, 
q. v. 

labial (la'-be-al) [labium, a lip]. Pertaining to the 
iips or to a labium. 

labialism (la'-be-al-izm) [labium, a lip]. The 
tendency to pronounce any articulate sounds as if 
they were labials; the addition of a labial or labio- 
dental quality to an articulate sound. 

labidometer (lab-id-om'-et-er) [XajSts, forceps; 
fikrpov, a measure]. A forceps for measuring the 
fetal head in the pelvis. 

labile (lab'-il) [labi, to glide]. 1. Gliding to and 
fro : applied to an electric current when the electrode 
is moved from place to place over the skin. 2. In 
chemistry, unstable. 1. elements of the body, 
epithelial and connective tissue cells, in contradis- 
tinction to muscle and nerve cells. 

lability (la-bil'-i-te) [labile]. 1. In electrothera- 
peutics, the quality of being labile. 2. Instability. 

labimeter (lab-im'-et-er). Same as labidometer. 

labio- (la-be-o-) [labium, lip]. A prefix meaning 
pertaining to the lip. 

labioalveolar (la-be-o-al-ve'-o-lar) [labio-; alveolus, 
a small hollow]. Pertaining to the lip and to one 
or more dental alveoli. 

labiochorea (la-be-o-ko-re'-ah) [labio-; xopeto, 
dancing]. A choreic affection of the lips and the 
stammering that results from it. 

labiodental (la-be-o-den'-tal) [labio-; dens, a tooth]. 
Pertaining to the lips and the teeth. 

labioglossolaryngeal (la-be-o-glos-o-lar-in'-je-al) [la- 
bio-; y\<L<T<ra, tongue; larynx]. Pertaining conjointly 
to lips, tongue, and larynx. 1. paralysis. See 
paralysis, bulbar. 

labioglossopharyngeal (la-be-o-glos-o-far-in'-je-al) 
[labio-; y\r„<raa, tongue; pharynx]. Pertaining con- 
jointly to lips, tongue, and pharynx. 

labiograph (la'-be-o-graf) [labio-; ypa<peiv, to 
write]. An instrument for recording the labial 
movements in speaking. 

labiomancy (la-be-o-man'-se) [labio-; navrda, 
divination]. The faculty of understanding what is 
said by observing the motions of the lips in speech, 

labiomental (la-be-o-men'-tal) [labio-; mentum. 
chin]. Relating to lip and chin. 

labiomycosis (la-be-o-mi-ko'-sis) [labio-; mycosis]. 
Any affection of the lips due to fungal origin. 

labionasal (la-be-o-na'-sal) [labio-; nasus, nose]. 
Labial and nasal; pertaining to lip and nose. 

labiopalatine (la-be-o-pal'-at-in) [labio-; palatum 
palate]. Relating to lip and palate in common. 

labioplastis (la-be-o-plas'-tik) [labio-; ir\a.<T<reiv, 



to form]. Pertaining to an operation for restoring 
the lip, after injury or partial destruction of the same; 
cheiloplastic. 

labioplasty (la-be-o-plas'-te) [labio-; 7rXA<r<reij>, to 
form]. Plastic surgery of the lips. Cheiloplasty. 

labiotenaculum (la-be-o-ten-ak'-ii-lum) [labio-; ten- 
aculum, a holder]. An instrument for holding the 
lips or labia in a position required for examination 
or operation. 

labitome (lab'-it-om) [Xa/3«, forceps; 7-0/417, cutting]. 
Cutting-forceps. 

labium (la'-be-um) [L.; pi., labia]. A lip. 1. 
cerebri, the margin of the cerebral hemisphere which 
overlaps the callosum. 1. majus, 1. pudendi majus, 
one of two folds of skin of the female external genital 
organs, arising just below the mons Veneris, surround- 
ing the vulval entrance, and meeting at the anterior 
part of the* perineum. 1. minus, 1. pudendi minus, 
the nympha; one of two folds of mucous membrane 
at the inner surfaces of the labia majora. 1. tym- 
panicum, the portion of the lamina spiralis forming 
the lower border of the sulcus spiralis, labia urethrae, 
the lateral margins of the external urinary meatus. 
1. vestibulare, the overhanging extremity of the 
lamina spiralis that forms the upper part of the 
sulcus spiralis. 

lablab (lab' -lab). The genus Dolichos. 1. seeds, 
the seeds of Dolichos lablab; used as food and also 
as a stomachic and antiperiodic. 

labor (la'-bor) [L., "work"]. Parturition; the 
bringing forth of young. 1., artificial, that effected 
or aided by other means than the forces of the 
maternal organism. 1., dry, that in which there is a 
deficiency of the liquor amnii, or in which there has 
been a premature rupture of the bag of waters. 1., 
induced, labor brought on by artificial means. 1., 
instrumental, one requiring instrumental means to 
extract the child. 1., mechanism of, the mechanism 
by which a fetus and its appendages traverse the 
birth-canal and are expelled. 1., missed, retention 
of the dead fetus in the uterus beyond the period of 
normal gestation, l.-pains, the pains consequent 
upon the contractions of the uterus during labor. 
1., postponed, delayed beyond nine months. 1., 
precipitate, labor in which the expulsion of the 
fetus and its appendages takes place with undue 
celerity. 1., premature, labor taking place before 
the normal period of gestation, but when the fetus is 
viable. 1., protracted, labor prolonged beyond the 
usual limit (10-20 hours in primipara?, 2-6 hours in 
multiparas). 1., spontaneous, that requiring no 
artificial aid. 1., stages of, arbitrary divisions of the 
period of labor — the first begins with dilatation of the 
os and ends with complete dilatation; the second ends 
with the expulsion of the child; the third (placental) 
consists in the expulsion of the placenta. 

laboratory (lab'-or-a-to-re) [Ifiborare, to work]. A 
room or place designed for experimental scientific 
work. 

Laborde's method of artificial respiration (lab-ord') 
[Jean Baptiste Vincent Laborde, French physician, 
1830-1903]. The tongue is seized either by forceps 
or with thumb and finger, and rhythmical tractions 
are made in order to stimulate the respiratory center. 

labordin (lab-or'-din). See analgen. 

labrum (la'-brum) [L., a lip-edge, margin: pi., 
labra]. In biology, a lip-like structure, usually the 
upper, when two ' are present, the lower being the 
labium. 1. cartilagineum, 1. glenoideum, 1. glenoidale, 
the cartilaginous edge or border of a cavity forming 
part of an articulation; as the fibrous ring bordering 
the glenoid cavity of the scapula. 

labyrinth (lab'-ir-inth) [Xafivpivdos, a maze]. 1. A 
name given to the series of cavities of the internal 
ear, comprising the vestibule, cochlea, and the 
semicircular canals. 2. The parts of the cortex of 
the kidney between the medullary rays. See kidney. 
1., bony. See /., osseous. 1., cortical, the tortuous 



LABYRINTHAL 



495 



LACTOL 



tubules and blood-vessels in the intervals of the cortex 
of the kidney. 1., ethmoid, 1., olfactory, the lateral 
portions of the ethmoid bone. 1., membranous, the 
membranous cavity within the osseous labyrinth, 
from which it is partly separated by the perilymph. 
1., osseous, the bony portion of the internal ear. 

labyrinthal, labyrinthic, labyrinthine (lab-er-in'- 
thal, lab-er-in'-thik, lab-er-in'-thin) [labyrinth]. Per- 
taining to a labyrinth. 1. vertigo. See Meniere's 
disease. 

labyrinthitis (lab-ir-in-thi'-tis) [labyrinth; ins, 
inflammation]. Inflammation of the labyrinth; otitis 
interna. 1., primary. See Voltolini's disease. 

labyrinthus {lab-ir-in' -thus) [L.: pi., labyrinthi]. 
A labyrinth. 

lac (lak) [L.]. Milk. 1. sulphuris, milk of sulphur, 
or precipitated sulphur. 

laccase [laccol; suffix ase]. An oxidizing ferment 
or diastase present in many plants, and capable of 
oxidizing laccol and other aromatic substances. It 
changes the colorless sap of the Japanese lac-tree by 
oxidation to black Japanese lacquer. 

lacerable (las' -ur-a-bl) [lacerare, to tear]. Liable 
to become torn; capable of being torn. 

lacerated (las'-er-a-ted) [L., lacerare, to tear]. 
Torn. 

laceration (las-er-a'-shun) [lacerare, to tear]. A 
tear. 1. of perineum, a tearing through the wall 
separating the lower extremity of the vagina and 
rectum, occurring occasionally during child-birth. 

lacerator (las'-er-a-tor) [lacerare, to tear]. An 
instrument used in effecting surgical laceration. 

lacerti, lacertuli cordis. See columnce carnece. 

lacertus (las-er'-tus) [L.]. i. The muscular part 
of the arm from the shoulder to the elbow. 2. A 
muscle or fibrous fascicle. 1. fibrosus, an aponeurotic 
band from the biceps-tendon to the fascia of the 
forearm; semilunar or bicipital fascia. 

lachesis (lak'-e-sis) [Xaxevis, destiny, fate], i. A 
genus of venomous South American reptiles. 2. The 
venom of L. mutus (the bushmaster snake]), and also 
a homeopathic preparation of the poison. 

lachrymal (lak'-rim-al). See lacrimal. 

laciniate (las-in'-e-dt) [lacinia, a flap]. Jagged, 
fringed; cut into narrow flaps. 

lacmoid (lak' -moid). A compound of resorcin and 
sodium nitrite, used in alkalimetry. 

lacmus (lak'-mus) . See litmus. 

lacrimal (lak'-rim-al) [lacrima, a tear]. Pertaining 
to the tears or to the organs secreting and conveying 
the tears. 1. apparatus, the lacrimal gland, ducts, 
canal, sac, and nasal duct. 1. artery, the first branch 
of the ophthalmic artery, supplying the gland. 1. 
bone, a bone upon the nasal side of the orbit, articu- 
lating with the frontal, the ethmoid, and superior 
maxillary bones, in which begin the lacrimal groove 
and nasal duct. 1. canals, 1. canaliculi, superior and 
inferior, extend from the lacrimal punctum to the 
sac, and serve to convey the excess of tears from the 
eye to the nose. 1. caruncle. See caruncle, lacrimal. 
1. ducts, 7 to 14 ducts extending obliquely from the 
gland to the fornix conjunctivae, carrying the tears 
to the conjunctival surface of the eyeball. 1. fistula, 
a fistula communicating with a lacrimal duct. 1. 
fossa, a depression at the upper and outer angle of 
the orbit. 1. gland, the gland secreting the tears, 
situated in a depression of the frontal bone. 1. lake, 
the inward prolongation of the palpebral fissure of 
the eyelids. 1. papilla. See papilla, lacrimal. 1. 
probe, a probe for exploring or dilating the canaliculi 
and nasal duct. 1. puncta, the minute orifices of the 
canaliculi upon the eyelids near the inner canthus. 
1. sac, a saccular enlargement of the upper part of 
the nasal duct, into which the canaliculi empty. 
1. style, a probe used in stricture of the nasal duct. 

lacrimation (lak-rim-a' -shun) [see lacrimal]. An 
excessive secretion of tears. 

lacrimatome (lak-rim'-at-om) [lacrima, tear; 1-0/117, 
cutting]. A cutting-instrument used in dilating the 
nasal duct or the canaliculi; a syringotome. 

lacrimotomy (lak-rim-ot'-o-me) [lacrima, tear; roy.i\, 
cutting]. The division of strictures of the lacrimal 
passages. 

lactaciduria (lak-tas-id-u'-re-ah) [lactic acid; ovpov, 
urine]. The presence of lactic acid in the urine. 

lactagogue (lak'-tag-og). See galactagogue. 

lactagol (lak'-ta-gol). Trade name of a galacta- 
gogue, made from cotton-seed. 

lactalbumin (lak-tal-bu'-min) [lac; albumin]. A 
protein contained in milk; it resembles serum- 



albumin, and coagulates at a temperature of from 
70 to 8o° C. 

lactamide (lak'-tam-id) [lac, milk; amide], C3H7NO2. 
A substance formed by the union of ethyl lactate and 
ammonia. 

lactampoule (lak'-tam-pool) [lac; ampoule]. A 
culture of the true Bulgarian bacillus especially 
designed for souring milk with the optimum of 
acidity. 

lactant (lak'-tant) [lactare, to suckle]. Suckling. 

lactase (lak'-tds). A soluble enzyme found in the 
animal body which hydrolyzes lactose. 

lactate (lak' -tat). A salt of lactic acid. 

lactation (lak-ta'-shun) [lactare, to suckle]. 1. 
Suckling; the period during which the child is nour- 
ished from the breast. 2. The formation or secre- 
tion of milk. 

lacteal (lak'-te-al) [lac]. 1. Pertaining to milk. 
2. Any one of the lymphatics of the small intestine 
that take up the chyle. 

lactein (lak'-te-in) [lac, milk]. Same as lactolin. 

lactescence (lak-tes'-ens) [lactescere, to turn to 
milk]. Milkiness (often applied to the chyle). 

lactescent (lak-tes'-ent) [lactescere, to turn to 
milk]._ Milky, or secreting a milk sap or fluid. 
_ lactic (lak'-tik). Pertaining to milk or its deriva- 
tives. 1. acid. See acid, lactic. 1. acid, test for. 
See Uffelmann. 1. fermentation, the souring of 
milk. 

lactiferous (lak-tif'-er-us) [lac; ferre, to carry]. 
Conveying or secreting milk. 1. ducts, the ducts of 
the mammary gland. 1. glands, the mammary 
glands. 

lactific (lak-tif'-ik) [lac, milk; facer e, to make]. 
Producing milk. 

lactiform (lak'-tif-orm) [lac, milk; forma, form]. 
Resembling milk. 

lactifuge (lak'-tif-uj) [lac; fugare, to drive away]. 
1. Lessening the secretion of milk. 2. A drug or 
agent that causes a lessening in the secretion of milk 

lactigenous (lak-tij'-en-us) [lac; yewav, to pro- 
duce]. Milk-producing. 

lactigerous (lak-tij'-er-us). See lactiferous. 

lactin (lak' -tin). See lactose. 

lactinated (lak'-tin-a-ted). Containing lactose. 

lactiphagous (lak-tif'-ag-us) [lac, milk; <payelv, to 
eat]. Consuming milk. 

lactipotous (lak-tip'-o-tus) [lac, milk; potare, to 
drink] ; Milk-drinking. 

lactis (lak'-tis) [gen. of lac, milk]. Pertaining to 
milk. 1. redundantia, an excessive flow of milk. 
1. retentio, suppression of the flow of milk. 

lactivorous (lak-tiv' -or-us) [lac; vorare, to devour]. 
Subsisting on milk. 

lacto- (lak-to-) [lac, milk]. A prefix denoting 
relation to milk. 

lactobacilline (lak-to-bas' -il-en) . A preparation of 
lactic-acid bacilH used to cause lactic-acid fermenta- 
tion, or to counteract intestinal putrefaction. 

lactobutyrometer (lak-to-bu-tir-om'-et-er) [lac, milk; 
povTvpov, butter; ukrpov, measure]. An instrument 
used in estimating the proportion of butter in milk. 

lactocele (lak'-to-sel). See galactocele. 

lactocholin (lak-to-kol'-in) [lac, milk; x°Xi?. bile]. 
A substance obtained from an aqueous solution of 
cholin by prolonged heating. 

lactochrome (lak'-to-krom) [lacto-; xp^m^, color], 
CeHisNOe. An alkaloidal substance from milk. 

lactocin (lak'-to-sin). A sedative and hypnotic 
obtained from the juice of Lactuca virosa. Dose 
1-5 gr. (0.065-0.32 Gm.). 

lactocrit (lak'-to-krit) [lac, milk; Kpir-qs, a judge]. 
An apparatus for testing the quantity of fatty sub- 
stance in a sample of milk. 

lactodensimeter (lak-to-den-sim'-et-er) [lac, milk; 
densus, dense; p.krpov, measure]. A variety of lacto- 
meter. 

lactoglobulin (lak-to- glob' -u-lin) [lacto-; globulin]. 
One of the proteins of milk. 

lactoglucose (lak-to-gloo'-kos) [lac, milk; y\vKi>s. 
sweet]. A saccharine substance, produced in the 
fermentation-fluid along with galactose. It is 
probably the same as glucose. 

lactoglycose (lak-to-gW -kos) [lacto-; yXvKvs, sweet]. 
A dry powder prepared from Mellin's food and 
milk, free from starch, and with the casein mechani- 
cally broken up. 

lactol (lak'-tol), C10H7O . OC . CH(OH)CH 3 , beta- 
naphthol lactate, an intestinal antiseptic used as a 
substitute for benzonaphthol. It is decomposed in 



LACTOLA 



496 



LAFAYETTE MIXTURE 



the intestine into lactic acid and naphthol. Dose 
35-8 gr. (0.25-0.5 Gm.). Syn., lactonaphthol. 

lactola (lak-to'-lah). A factitious milk made from 
skimmed milk, sugar, and a slight percentage of 
cotton-seed oil. 

lactolin (lak'-to-lin) [lac, milk; oleum, oil]. Con- 
densed milk. 

lactometer (lak-tom'-et-er) [lacto-; nerpov, a measure]. 
An instrument for determining the specific gravity of 
milk. 

lactonaphthol (lak-to-naf'-thol). See lactol. 

lactone (lak'-ton), CioHsCu. 1. An aromatic, 
colorless, inflammable fluid, obtained in the dry 
distillation of lactic acid. 2. Trade name of lactic acid 
bacilli tablets. 

lactopeptin (lak-to-pep'-tin). The proprietary 
name for a mixture of pepsin, diastase, and pancre- 
atin with lactic acid and hydrochloric acid. 

lactophenin (lak-to-fen' -in) [lacto-; <t>olvi%, purple 
red]. A. derivative of phenetidin with lactic acid. 
It is a white powder used as an antipyretic and 
analgesic. Dose 8-15 gr. (0.5-1.0 Gm.). 

lactophosphate (lak-to-fos'-fat) [lacto-; phosphate]. 
A salt composed of a base united to lactic and phos- 
phoric acid. 

lactoprotein (lak-to-pro'-te-in) [lacto-; protein]. 
A protein said to exist in milk. 

lactoscope (lak'-to-skop) [lacto-;, aicoweiv, to ex- 
amine]. An instrument for estimating the propor- 
tions of water and fat-globules in milk. 

lactose (lak'-tos) [lac], CuHnOu +H2O. Milk- 
sugar (saccharum lactis, U. S. P.) : a sugar found in 
the milk of mammals, and at times in the urine of 
nursing women. It forms white, hard, rhombic 
crystals, soluble in water, and has a sweetish taste. 
Its chief use is as a vehicle. Syn., lactin. 

lactoserum (lak-to-se'-rum) [lacto-; serum, whey]. 
I. The whey of milk. 2. The blood-serum of an 
animal inoculated with the milk of another animal, 
whereby the serum is rendered capable of precipi- 
tating casein in the milk of the variety used in the 
inoculation. 

lactosin (lak'-to-sin), C3SH62O31. A crystallizable 
polysaccharide. 

lactosomatose (lak-to-so'-mat-os). A powder, 
consisting of the albuminous principles of milk com- 
bined with 5 % of tannic acid; used in gastrointestinal 
disorders. Dose 1-3 teaspoonfuls. 

lactosuria (lak-tos-u'-re-ah) [lactose; ovpov, urine]. 
The presence of lactose in the urine. 

lactotoxin (lak-to-toks'-in) [lac, milk; to£ik6i>, 
poison]. A poisonous substance found in milk. 

lactovegetarian (lak-to-vej-e-ta'-re-an). Consisting 
of milk and vegetables. 

Lactuca (lak-tu'-kah) [L., "lettuce"]. A genus of 
composite-flowered herbs, the lettuces. L. sativa 
is the common garden lettuce. L. virosa is a Euro- 
pean species, the source of lactucarium. 

lactucarium (lak-tu-ka'-re-um) . The concrete milky 
juice of Lactuca virosa. It contains a substance, 
lactucin, to which its properties are thought to be 
due, is sedative and anodyne, and has been used in 
cough and nervous irritability. 1., syrup of (syrupus 
lactucarii, U. S. P.). Dose 2 dr. (8 Cc). 1., tincture 
of (tinctura lactucarii, U. S. P.). Dose 1 dr. (4 Cc). 

lactucerin (lak-tu'-ser-in) [lactuca, lettuce; cera, 
wax]. A crystalline substance existing in lactucarium 
q. v. 

lactucerol (lak-lu'-ser-ol) [lactuca, lettuce; oleum, 
oil], C36H60O2. A crystalline substance existing in 
lactucerin; it occurs in two isomeric forms. 

lactucin (lak-tu'-sin) [lactuca, lettuce]. A crystal- 
lizable extractive of lettuce and of lactucarium. 

lactucism (lak'-tu-sizm). Poisoning from over- 
dosage of hypnotic preparations from species of 
Lactuca. It is characterized by headache, dizziness, 
dilatation of the pupils, ataxic gait, and dyspnea. 

lactucol (lak'-tu-kol) [lactuca, lettuce], O3H20O. 
A substance crystallizing in needles, formed when 
lactucerin and potassium hydroxide are melted 
together. 

lactumen (lak-tu'-men) [lac, milk: pi., lactumina]. 
A synonym of Porrigo larvalis. Also, applied to that 
form of aphtha? in which the spots have a fanciful 
resemblance to clots of curd. 

lactyl (lak'-til), C3H4O. A radical found in lactic 
acid, l.-phenetidin. See lactophenin. l.-tropein, 
CsHmNO . CO . CH(OH) . CH3. obtained from tropin 
by action of lactic acid or ethyl lactate. It is a 
cardiac tonic. 



lacuna (la-ku'-nah) [lacus, a lake; pi., lacuna]. 
A little hollow space. A mucous or lymphatic 
follicle. 1., absorption. See Howship's lacuna. 
1. amatorum, the vertical groove in the center of the 
upper lip. 1., bone. See bone. 1. of cementum, 
spaces in the cement of the teeth analogous to those 
in bone. 1. cerebri, the infundibulum of the brain. 
1. of cornea, spaces between the laminae of the cornea. 
1. Graafianae, Graafian follicles. 1., Haversian. See 
bone. 1., Howship's. See Howship's l. 1. inter- 
villous (of placenta), the spaces in the maternal por- 
tion of the placenta filled with blood, and in which 
the fetal villi hang. 1. labii superioris. See I. 
amatorum. 1. laterales sinus superioris, depressions 
along the groove of the superior longitudinal sinus. 
1. magna, the largest of the orifices of the glands of 
Littre, situated on the upper surface of the fossa 
navicularis. 1. Morgagni. See Morgagni's I. 1. 
pharyngis, a depression at the opening of the Eusta- 
chian tube in the pharynx. 1. of tongue, the foramen 
caecum. 1. of urethra, follicular depressions in the 
mucous membrane of the urethra, most abundant 
along the floor, especially in the region of the bulb. 
Their mouths are directed forward. 

lacunal (la-ku'-nal) [lacuna]. Pertaining to the 
lacunae. 1. spaces, the irregular fissures between 
the fasciculi of connective tissue, forming the be- 
ginnings of the lymphatic vessels. 

lacunar (la-ku'-nar) [lacuna], 1. Pertaining to 
the lacunae, as lacunar tonsillitis. See tonsillitis, 
lacunar. 2. See valve of Vieussens. 

lacunose (la-ku'-nos) [lacuna]. The condition of 
having pits, depressions, or spaces. 

lacunosity (lak-u-nos'-it-e) [lacuna, a pit]. The 
condition of having pits, depressions, or spaces. 

lacunosoreticulate (la-ku-no-so-re-tik'-u-lat) [lacu- 
na; reticulum, a network]. Both reticulate and 
lacunose. 

lacunosorugose (la-ku'-no-so-roo'-gos) [lacuna, pit, 
hollow; ruga, a wrinkle]. Deeply pitted or wrinkled, 
as the stone of a peach. 

lacunula (lak-u'-nu-lah) [dim. of lacuna, a lake: pi., 
lacunulce]. A small or minute lacuna; an airspace, 
such as is seen in a gray hair when magnified. 

lacus (la'-kus) [L., "lake"]. A small hollow or 
cavity in a tissue. 1. derivatibnis, one of the venous 
spaces in the tentorium cerebelli communicating with 
the superior longitudinal and lateral sinuses. 1. lacri- 
malis, the space at the inner canthus of the eye, near 
the punctum, in which the tears collect. 1. san- 
guineus, the uteroplacental sinus. 

ladanum (lad'-an-um). The concrete gummy and 
resinous juice of various species of Cistus, growing in 
the Mediterranean region; as C. ladaniferus, C. 
creticus, C. salvifolius, C. cyprius, C. ledon, and 
C. villosus. It is a greenish-gray solid, of bitter 
taste, formerly in high esteem. It is now chiefly 
used in making pastils for fumigation. 

Ladendorff's test for blood (lad' -en-dor f) [August 
Ladendorff, German physician]. Treat the liquid 
with tincture of guaiacum and then with oil of 
eucalyptus; in the presence of blood the upper layer 
becomes violet and the lower layer blue. 

ladol (la'-dol). Trade name of a preparation said 
to be a hemostatic and uterine sedative. 

ladrerie (lah-dra-re') [Fr.]. 1. See measles. 2. 
Leprosy. 3. A leprosarium. 

lady's bed-straw. Cheese-rennet. The herb 
Galium verum, a refrigerant and diuretic. Dose, 
fld.ext. 5 ss-j. l.'s slipper. See cypripedium. 

Lady Webster's pills. Laxative pills of aloes and 
mastic. 

laemoparalysis (le-mo-par-al'-is-is). See lemo- 
paralysis. 

Laennec's catarrh (len-nek') [Rene Theophile 
Hyacinthe Laennec, French physician, 1781-1826]. 
A form of asthmatic bronchitis with scanty, viscous, 
"pearly" expectoration. See L.'s perles. L.'s cir- 
rhosis, L.'s disease, alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver; 
hobnail liver. L.'s perles, roundish, gelatinous 
masses forming the sputum in bronchial asthma. 
L.'s rale, a modified subcrepitant rale due to mucus 
in the bronchioles; it is heard in pulmonary emphy- 
sema. L.'s thrombus, a globular thrombus formed in 
the heart, especially when the heart is the seat of 
fatty degeneration. 

laev-, laevo- Qe'-vo). For words so commencing, 

see lev-, levo- 

Lafayette mixture (laf-a-et'). A mixture employed 
in gonorrhea. It contains copaiba, cubeb, solution 



LAGAM-BALSAM 



497 



LAMINA 



of potassium hydroxide, sweet spirit of niter, and 
is known also as the compound copaiba mixture. 

lagam-balsam (lag'-am-bawl'-sam). A variety of 
gurjun-balsam brought from Sumatra. 

lagarous (lag'-ar-us) [kayapfc, lax]. Lax, loose, or 
soft. 

lagena (laj-e'-nah) [Xdywos, a flask, bottle; pi., 
lagence]. The flask-like extremity of the cochlea in 
certain vertebrates. The third upper extremity of 
the scala media. 

lageniform (lai-en'-if-orm) [lagena, a flask; forma, 
form]. Flask-shaped. 

lagentomum (laj -en' -to-mum) [Xa-yws, hare; h>, in; 
TOfiv. a putting]. Hare-lip. Cf. lagochilus. 

lagmi {lag' -me). A fermented wine or liquor made 
by the Arabs from the juice of the date-palm. 

lagnea, lagneia (lag-ne'-ah, lag-ni'-ah) [Xayvela, 
coition, lust], i. Same as satyriasis or nympho- 
mania. 2. Coitus. 3. The semen. 

lagnesis (lag-ne'-sis) \\ayvrjs, lewd]. Same as 
satyriasis or nymphomania. 1. furor, unconquerable 
lust. 

lagnosis (lag-no' -sis). Same as lagnesis. 

lagocephalous (lag-o-sef'-al-us) [Xdyajs, hare; Ke<pa\r), 
head]. Having a head like a hare. 

lagochilus, lagochilos (Jag-o-ki'-lus, lag-o-ki'-los) 
[Kaydis, hare; xeiXos, lip]. Hare-lip. Cf. lagento- 
mum. 

lagophthalmic (lag-off -thai' -mik) [Xa-yws, hare; 
bipddkubs, eye]. Pertaining to or affected with lagoph- 
thalmos. 

lagophthalmos (lag-of-thal'-mos) [XaYtos, hare; 
6<l>0a\n6s, eye: from the popular notion that a hare 
sleeps with open eyes]. A condition in which the 
eyes cannot be closed. 

Lagoria's sign (la-gor'-e-ah). Relaxation of the 
extensor muscles in intracapsular fracture of the 
neck of the femur. 

lagostoma (lag-os'-to-mah) [Xcryws, hare; arSfia, 
mouth]. See hare-lip. Cf. lagochilus and lagen- 
tomum. 

Lagrange's operation (la-grahnj') [Felix Lagrange, 
French physician]. A combination of sclerectomy 
and iridectomy performed in cases of glaucoma. 

la grippe (lah-grip'). See influenza. 

lag tooth. A delayed tooth. A name for the 
molar or wisdom tooth. 

L. A. H. Abbreviation for Licentiate of the 
Apothecaries' Hall (of Dublin). 

laibose (la' -bos). Trade name of a food said to 
be composed of the solids of pure whole milk and the 
entire digestible substance of whole wheat, in a dry 
granular form. 

laiose (la'-os). A body found by Leo in diabetic 
urine in certain cases and regarded by him as a sugar. 
Syn., Leo's sugar. 

laity (la'-it-e) [Xaos, the people]. The non-pro- 
fessional public. 

lake-colored, laky [Fr., laque, rose-colored, from 
Pers. lak]. Applied to blood that is dark red and 
transparent from a solution of the hemoglobin in 
the serum. 

lakmoid, lacmoid (lak'-moid) [lac, milk; elSos, like]. 
A delicate reagent in alkalimetry, made by acting 
on resorcin with sodium nitrate. 

lalia (lal'-e-ah) [XaXi'a, talking]. Speech. 

lallation (lal-a'-shun) [XdXos, prattle]. Any un- 
intelligible stammering of speech, such as the prattling 
of a babe. 

Lallemand-Trousseau's bodies (lahl-mon(g)-troo- 
so') [Claude Frangois Lallemand, French surgeon, 
1790-1853; Armand Trousseau, French physician, 
1801-1867]. Gelatinous masses found in the secre- 
tion of the seminal vesicles. 

lalling (lal'-ing) [lallare, to babble]. Lallation; 
prattle; baby-talk. 

laloneurosis (lal-o-nu-ro'-sis) [XdXos, prattle; neu- 
rosis). An impairment of speech arising from spas- 
modic action of the muscles. It includes stammering 
and aphthongia. 

lalopathy (lal-op'-ath-e) [XdXos, prattle; iraBos, dis- 
ease]. Any disorder of speech. 

lalophobia (lal-o-fo'-be-ah) [XdXos, prattle; 0d/3os, 
fear]. Stutter-spasm, leading to or complicated 
with a dislike of speaking. 

laloplegia (lal-o-ple'-je-ah) [XdXos, talking; irXijyri, 
a stroke]. Paralysis of speech, not due, however, 
to paralysis of the tongue. 

Lalouette's pyramid (lal-oo-ef) [Pierre Lalouette, 
French physician, 1711-1742]. A prolongation of 



the upper portion of the thyroid gland, generally 
to the left of the median line; it is not constant. 

lambda (lam'-dah) [XdM/SSa, the Greek letter A 
or X]. The angle of junction of the sagittal and 
lambdoid sutures. 

lambdacism (lam'-das-izm) [KanffSaicurnos, a fault 
in pronunciation of the letter lambda]. 1. Difficulty 
in uttering the sound of the letter I. 2. Too frequent 
use of the I sound, or its substitution for the r sound. 

lambdoid, lambdoidal (lam'-doid, lam-doi'-dal) 
[lambda; eI<5os, resemblance]. Resembling the Greek 
letter X. 1. suture, the suture between the occipital 
and the two parietal bones. 

Lamblia intestinalis (lam'-ble-ah in-tes-tin-a' -lis) . 
A flagellate protozoan parasite with a pear-shaped 
body, found in the intestine of man and various 
animals. Called also Cercomonas intestinalis, Dimor- 
phus muris and Megastoma entericum. 

lame (lam). Crippled; halting; limping. 

lamel (lam-el') [lamella, dim. of lamina, a plate]. 
A medicated disc, made with some soluble basis; 
it is used in the dosimetric application of drugs to the 
eye, etc. 

lamella (lam-el'-ah) [dim. of lamina, a plate]. 
1. Same as lamel. 2. A thin scale or plate. 1. of 
bone, one of the concentric rings surrounding the 
Haversian canals. 1., concentric, one of the plates 
of bone surrounding the Haversian canal. 1., inter- 
mediate, one of the plates filling the spaces between 
the concentric layers of bone. 1., periosteal, 1., 
peripheral, a superficial lamella of bone lying under 
the periosteum. 1., triangular, a fibrous layer con- 
necting the choroid plexuses of the diacele. 1., 
vascular, the endochorion. 1., vitreous, the lamina 
basalis of the choroid. 

lamellar (lam-el'-ar). Having the nature of or 
resembling a thin plate; composed of lamellae or 
thin plates. 1. cataract. See cataract, lamellar. 

lameness (lam'-nes) [ME., lame]. Limping; weak- 
ness of a limb. 1., intermittent. See claudication, 
intermittent. 

laminage (lahm-in-ahzj') [Fr.]. Flattening; the 
compression or flatwise crushing of the fetal head to 
facilitate delivery. 

laminal, laminar (lam'-in-al, lam'-in-ar) [lamina, a 
layer]. Composed of lamina?; having the form of a 
lamina. 1. tissue, a synonym of connective tissue. 

lamine (la' -men) [lamium, the dead-nettle]. An 
alkaloid from Lamium album. The sulphate is 
used hypodermatically as a powerful hemostatic in 
uterine and other internal hemorrhages. 

lamina (lam'-in-ah) [L., "a plate or scale": pi., 
lamina]. A thin plate or layer. 1. affixa, the line 
of union of the hemisphere with the thalamus. 
1. basalis, a structureless membrane on the inner 
surface of the lamina capillaris: Bruch's membrane. 
1. basilaris, the decidua serotina. 1. choriocapillaris, 
the inner layer of the choroid consisting of a capillary 
plexus. 1. cinerea, the connecting layer of gray 
matter between the corpus callosum and the optic 
chiasm. 1., cribriform, the cribriform plate of the 
ethmoid. '. cribrosa. 1. That portion of the 
choroid which is perforated for the passage of the 
optic nerve. 2. The fascia covering the saphenous 
opening. 3. The anterior or posterior perforated 
space of the brain. 4. The perforated plates of 
bone through which branches of the cochlear or 
auditory nerve pass. 1., dental, an epithelial sheet 
formed by a flattening of the base of the dental band, 
from which the buds forming the enamel-organs of 
the teeth are given off. 1. denticulata, a cartilaginous 
plate on the superior and external portion of the 
osseous spiral lamina. 1. elastica anterior. See 
Bowman's membrane. [1. elastica posterior. See 
Descemet's membrane. 1., external elastic, the 
innermost layer of the advent? tia, consisting of 
fibers of elastic tissue blending externally with the 
adventitia proper. 1. fusca, the pigmentary tissue 
of the inner layer of the sclera, forming the outer 
layer of the perichoroid sinus. 1. lateralis processus 
pterygoidei, the externa Ipterygoid plate. 1. medialis 
processus pterygoidei, the internal pterygoid plate. 
1., muscle. See myocomma. 1., papyracea, the os 
planum of the ethmoid. 1., periclaustral, a layer of 
white matter between the claustrum and the cortex 
of the insula. 1. perpendicularis, the vertical plate 
of the ethmoid or mesethmoid. 1. propria, the middle 
or fibrous layer of the tympanic membrane. 1. 
quadrigemina, the part of the midbrain from which 
the corpora quadrigemina and the brachia are de- 



LAMINAR 



498 



LANGERHANS' BODIES 



veloped. 1., reticular, the hyaline membrane of the 
inner ear, extending between the conjoined head of 
Corti's rods and the supporting cells. 1. rostralis, 
the thin continuation of the rostrum of the callosum 
into the lamina cinerea. 1. spiralis, a thin plate in 
the ear, osseous in the inner part and membranous 
in the outer, which divides the spiral tube of the 
cochlea into the scala tympani and the scala yesti- 
buli. 1. spiralis secundaria, a short partition pro- 
jecting from the cochlear wall in its lower part only. 
1. suprachoroidea, the delicate connective-tissue 
membrane uniting the choroid and sclerotic coats 
of the eye. 1. vasculosa chorioidea, the layers of 
large vessels and of capillaries of the choroid con- 
sidered as one. 1. velamentosa, the organ of Corti. 
1., vitreous, a homogeneous membrane covering the 
inner surface of the choroid. Syn., membrane of 
Bruch. 

laminar (lam'-in-ar). See laminal. 

Laminaria (lam-in-a'-re-ah) [lamina], i. A genus 
of seaweeds of the order Laminariacece. 2. The stems 
of L. cloustoni or L. digitata. 1. tent, a tent made of 
the stem of the laminaria plant formerly used for 
dilatation of the cervix uteri and other canals. 

laminated (lam'-in-a-ted). See laminar. 

lamination (lam-in-a'-shun) [lamina], i. Arrange- 
ment in plates or layers. 2. An operation in em- 
bryotomy consisting in cutting the skull in slices. 

laminectomy (lam-in-ek'-to-me) [lamina; i/crow, 
excision]. The operation of removing the posterior 
vertebral arches. 

laminiform (lam-in' -e-f or m) . See laminar. 

laminitis (lam-in-i'-tis) [lamina, plate; wis, in- 
flammation]. Inflammation of the laminae, parti- 
cularly the laminae of a horse's hoof; founder. 

laminoids (lam'-in-oidz). Blaud's tablets, made in 
two layers — one of ferrous sulphate and one of 
sodium bicarbonate — united by pressure. 

Lamium (la'-me-um) [L., "dead-nettle"]. A genus 
of plants. L. album is a species furnishing the 
alkaloid lamine. 

lamnectomy (lam-nek' -to-me). Same as laminec- 
tomy. 

Lamotte's drops (lam-of). Ethereal tincture of 
ferric chloride. 

lampas (lam'-pas) [Fr., lampas, lampas]. A con- 
gestive swelling of the fleshy lining of the roof of the 
mouth, in the horse. 

lampblack (lamp'-blak). A fine black substance, 
almost pure carbon, made by burning coal-oils in 
an atmosphere deficient in oxygen, or by allowing a 
gas-flame to impinge on a cold surface. 

lamprophonia, lamprophony (lam-pro-fo'-ne-ah, 
lam-proff'-o-ne) [Kanwpos, sounding; (pwh, voice]. 
A sonorous, ringing quality of the voice. 

lampsis (lamp'-sis) [Xaju^ts, a shining]. Splendor, 
brilliancy. 

lana (lan'-ah) [L.]. Wool. 

lanain (lan'-a-in) [lana, wool]. Purified wool-fat. 

Lancaster black-drop. Acetum opii; vinegar of 
opium. 

lance (lans) [lancea, a lance or spear], i. A 
lancet. 2. To open, as with a lancet or bistoury. 
1., Mauriceau's, a lance-shaped knife for opening the 
fetal head in embryotomy. 

Lancereaux's interstitial nephritis (lan-ser-o') 
[Etienne Lancereaux, French physician, 1829-1910]. 
Interstitial nephritis due to rheumatism. L.'s law, 
marantic thromboses always occur at the points where 
there is the greatest tendency to stasis; that is, where 
the influence of the cardiac propulsion and of thoracic 
aspiration is least. L.'s treatment (in aneurysm of 
the aorta), consists in subcutaneous injections of 
serum gelatin. 

lancet (lan'-set) [dim. of lancea, a lance]. A knife 
having a double-edged, lance-shaped blade, for 
incising tumors, abscesses, etc. 1., gum-, a small 
lancet in which the cutting portion has a convex 
edge and is at right angles to the shaft; it is used for 
cutting the gums. 1., spring, one in which the 
blade is thrust out by means of a spring controlled 
by a trigger. 1., thumb, one with a double-edged, 
broad blade. 

lancinate (lan'-sin-at) [lancinare, to tear]. To 
lacerate, to pierce, or tear. 

lancinating (lan'-sin-a-ting) [lancinare, to tear]. 
Tearing; shooting. 1. pains, rending, tearing, or 
sharply cutting pains, common in posterior spinal 
sclerosis. 

Lancisi, nerves of (lan-se'-ze) [Giovanni Maria 



Lancisi, Italian physician, 1654-1720]. The striae 
longitudinales. The mesial longitudinal striae situ- 
ated on each side of the raphe of the corpus callosum. 
L.'s sign, very feeble heart-beats, amounting to a 
trembling of the heart, perceived by palpation in 
grave myocarditis. 

Landau's color test for syphilis (lan-do). A modi- 
fication of Wassermann's reaction. The reagent 
used is a 1 per cent, solution of iodine in carbon 
tetrachloride. L.'s form of enteroptosis, enteroptosis 
due to relaxation of the abdominal walls and pelvic 
floor. 

landmarks (land' -marks). Superficial marks (such 
as eminences, lines, and depressions) that serve as 
guides to, or indications of, deeper-seated parts. 

Landolphi's or Landolfi's paste. A caustic appli- 
cation composed of the chlorides of zinc, antimony, 
bromine and gold, which is used pure, or weakened 
by mixing with basilicon ointment in varying pro- 
portions. It should be spread on the surface with 
a spatula, or applied on charpie, and allowed to 
remain for 24 or 48 hours. 1 

Landolt's bodies (lan-doW) [Edmond Landolt, 
French oculist, 1846- ]. Small, elongated, 
clavate bodies lying between the rods and cones and 
resting upon the outer nuclear layer of the retina. 

Landolt's test for phenol. Treat the solution with 
bromine water; a white, crystalline precipitate of 
tribromphenol is produced. 

Landouzy's disease (lahn-doo'-ze) |Louis Landouzy, 
French physician, 1845- ]. Weil's disease, a. v. 
L.'s ischialgia, neuralgia of the sciatic nerve, with 
atrophy of the muscles of all or part of the affected 
leg. L.'s purpura, a iorm of purpura with grave 
systemic symptoms. 

Landouzy-Dejerine : s type of progressive muscular 
atrophy (lahn-doo'-ze-da-zjer-en') [Louis Landouzy, 
French physician, 1845- ; Joseph Jules Dejerine, 
French neurologist, 1849- ]. A form in which 
there is atrophy of the muscles of the face and those 
of the scapulohumeral group. 

Landry's disease, L.'s paralysis (lahn'-dre) [Jean 
Baptiste Octave Landry, French physician, 1826- 
1865]. A form of paralysis characterized by loss 
of motor power in the lower extremities, gradually 
extending to the upper extremities and to the centers 
of circulation and respiration without sensory mani- 
festations, trophic changes, etc. Syn., acute ascend- 
ing paralysis. 

land-scurvy. Purpura haemorrhagica. See pur- 
pura. 

Landzert's fossa. A fossa in the peritoneal cavity 
that is bounded behind by the parietal peritoneum 
covering the psoas, the renal vessels, the ureter, and 
a part of the left kidney, and below by the mesocolic 
fold. Syn., paraduodenal fossa; recessus venosus. 

Lane's kinks (Ian) [Sir William Arbuthnot Lane, 
English surgeon]. Bends or twists of the intestine 
at certain parts due to the upright position of the 
body, and the descent of the cecum. L.'s operation. 
Short-circuiting the large intestine, for chronic 
obstruction, constipation or colitis; the lower end 
of the ileum is anastomosed with the rectum; 
ileosigmoidostomy.^ 

lanesin, lanessin (lan'-es-in) [lana, wool]. A~ 
proprietary preparation of wool-fat similar to 
lanolin. 

Lanfranc's collyrium. A stimulant application to 
ulcers, containing aloes and myrrh, each. 5 parts; 
acetate of copper, 10 parts; trisulphide of arsenic, 
15 parts; rose-water, 380 parts, and white wine, 1000 
parts. 

Lang's fixative and hardening fluid. Mercuric 
chloride, 5 parts; sodium chloride, 6 parts; acetic 
acid, s parts; water 100 parts. 

Lang's reaction for taurin. A white combination 
appearing as a precipitate on boiling a solution of 
taurin with freshly precipitated mercuric oxide. 

Langer's axillary arch (lahng'-er) [Carl Ritter von 
Edenberg von Longer, German anatomist, 1819- 
1887]. The thickened border of fascia which forms 
a bridge across the bicipital groove. 

Langerhans' bodies (lahng'-er-hans) [Ernst Robert 
Langerhans, German histologist, 1859-* ]. "1. 
Certain modified epithelial cells forming the simplest 
nerve endings. 2. See cells, centroacmar. L.'s 
granular layer, the stratum granulosum; the layer of 
epidermal cells above the rete mucosum. L., islands 
of, little cellular masses in the interstitial connective 
tissue of the pancreas, subject to various interpreta- 



LANGHANS' CELLS 



499 



LAPARONEPH ROTOM Y 



tions. L.'s stellate corpuscles. Terminations of 
nerve fibers which have been observed in the rete 
mucosum of the epidermis. 

Langhans' cells (lahng'-hans) [Theodor Langhans, 
German pathologist, 1839- ]. The polygonal 
epithelial cells, with distinct nuclei and cell-walls, 
constituting Langhans' layer. L.'s giant-cell, the 
giant-cell of a tuberculous granuloma. L.'s layer, 
the inner of the two layers of cells covering the 
chorion; it is derived from the ectoderm. 

Langier's apparatus (lon-je-a'). A form of im- 
movable splint for a limb. It is composed of strips 
of brown paper impregnated with starch-paste. 
L.'s bandage, a many tailed paper bandage. 

language (lang'-gwaj) [lingua, the tongue]. The 
articulate sounds, signs, or symbols whereby thought 
is communicated. 1., center for. See aphasia. 

languor (lang'-gwor) [L., faintness]. Lassitude. 
Disinclination to take bodily exercise, or to exert 
oneself. 

lanichol (lan'-ik-ol). A proprietary preparation 
of wool-fat. 

lanigallol (lan-e-gal'-ol). A triacetate of pyrogallic 
acid. 

lank. Lean, thin, attenuated. 

laniol (lan'-e-ol) A proprietary wool-fat. 

lannaiol (lan-a-i'-ol). An iodocresol proposed as a 
substitute for iodoform. 

Lannelongue's tibia {lan-e-long') [Odilon Marc 
Lannelongue, French surgeon, 1840- ]. The 
deformed tibia of inherited syphilis. 

lanoform (lan'-o-form). An antiseptic preparation 
of lanolin and 1 % of formaldehyde 

lanolin (lan'-o-lin) [lana, wool; oleum, oil]. A 
cholesterin fat (adeps lana, U. S. P.) obtained from 
sheep's wool, and used as a basis for ointments. 
l.-roUk, a mixture of lanolin, 10 parts; borax, 1 part; 
rose-water, 100 parts, and medicated soap, 2.5 parts. 
1. powder, lanolin combined with zinc oxide, mag- 
nesium carbonate, and starch. 1., sulphurated, 
thilanin. 

lantanine {Ian' -tan-en). An alkaloid from Lantana 
braziliensis. It is a white, bitter powder, used as an 
antipyretic instead of quinine in intermittent fever. 
Dose 15-30 gr. (1-2 Gm.) daily. 

Lantermann's incisions. Partial or complete inter- 
ruptions of the medullary sheath of a nerve-fiber 
existing at irregular intervals in an interannular 
segment. L.'s segments, the cylindrical or conical 
segments of the medullary sheath between Lanter- 
mann's incisions. 

lanthanum, lanthanium (lan'-than-um, lan-tha'- 
ne-um) [Xavdaveiv, to conceal; lanthanum was a 
substance concealed from the knowledge of chemists]. 
A rare metallic element; symbol La, atomic weight, 
139. Little is known of its medicinal properties. 
See elements, table of. 

lanthopine (lan'-tho-pen) [Xavdaveiv, to conceal], 
C24H25NO4. A finely crystalline alkaloid of opium. 
It occurs in white crystals fusible at 200 C. 

lanuginose, lanuginous (lan-u'-jin-os, lan-u'-jin-us) 
[lanuginosus, wooly]. In biology, wooly, downy, 
lanate, lanose, lanigerous. 

lanugo (lan-u'-go) [L., "down"]. 1. The down- 
like hair that appears upon the fetus at about the 
fifth month of gestation. 2 The downy growth 
often seen upon the face of women and girls. 

lanulous {lan'-u-lus). Covered with short hair. 

lanum da' -num.). See lanolin. 

lapactic (lap-ak'-tik) [Xairclaaet.i>, to empty], 1. 
Emptying; evacuant. 2. Any purgative substance. 

lapara (lap'-ar-ah) [Xairapa, the flank, loins]. 
1. The loins; loosely applied to the abdomen. 2. Di- 
arrhea. 

laparacele (lap'-ar-as-el). See laparocele. 

laparectomy (Jap-ar-ek'-to-me). See enter ectomy. 

laparelytrotomy {lap-ar-el-it-rot'-o-me). Same as 
laparo-elytrotomy. 

laparo- (lap-ar-o-) [Xairapa, loins]. A prefix de- 
noting pertaining to the abdomen; properly, referring 
to the loin or flank. See celiotomy. 

laparocele (lap'-ar-o-sel) [Xairapa, loin; Kr/Xij, 
tumor]. Lumbar or abdominal hernia. 

laparocholecystotomy (lap-ar -o-ko-les-is-tot' -o-me) 
[Xairapa, loin; xoX-h, bile; marts, bladder; rop.ii, cutting]. 
Laparotomy conjoined with cholecystotomy. 

laparoclysis (lap-ar-ok'-lis-is) ]Xawapa, loin; kXG<t«, 
a drenching]. An injection into the peritoneal cavity. 

laparocolectomy (lap-ar-o-ko-lek'-lo-me). Same as 
colectomy. 



laparocolostomy (lap-ar-o-ko-los'-to-me) [laparo- ; 
kSXov, colon; arbp.a, mouth; rop.ii, a cutting]. Abdomi- 
nal colostomy : the formation of a permanent opening 
into the colon by incision through the abdominal 
wall. 

laparocolotomy (lap-ar-o-ko-lot'-o-me) [laparo-; ko- 
Xov, colon; rop.it, a cutting]. Inguinal or abdominal 
colotomy. 

laparocolpotomy (lap-ar-o-kol-pot'-o-me) See lap- 
aro-elytrotomy. 

laparocystectomy (lap-ar-o-sis-tek'-to-me) [laparo- ; 
Kvaris, cyst; iKrop.ii, excision]. An operation per- 
formed in advanced extra-uterine pregnancy for 
removal of the fetus and the entire gestation-sac. 

laparocystidotomy (lap-ar-o-sist-id-ot'-o-me). See 
laparocystotomy. 

laparocystotomy (lap-ar-o-sis-tot'-o-me) [laparo- ; 
Kvans, cyst; rop.ii, a cutting]. 1. Suprapubic cysto- 
tomy. 2. An operation in advanced extrauterine 
pregnanes'- for the removal of the fetus, the sac 
being allowed to remain. 

laparocystovariohysterotomy (lap-ar-o-sisl-o-va-rc- 
o-his-ter-ot'-o-me). Combined ovariotomy and hys- 
terotomy through an abdominal incision. 

laparoelytrotomy (lap-ar-o-el-it-rot'-o-me) [laparo- ; 
eXvrpov, sheath; rop.ii, a cutting]. An operation con- 
sisting in an incision over Poupart's ligament, dis- 
secting up the peritoneum until the vagina is reached, 
incising the latter transversely, dilating the cervix, 
and extracting the child through the os uteri. 

laparoenterostomy (lap-ar-o-en-ter-os'-to-me) [lap- 
aro-; evrepov, intestine; arbp.a, mouth]. The forma- 
tion of an artificial opening into the intestine through 
the abdominal wall. 

laparoenterotomy (lap-ar-o-en-ter-ot'-o-me) [lap- 
aro-; evrepov, intestine; Top.ii, a cutting]. An opening 
of the intestine through an abdominal incision. 

laparogastrostomy (lap-ar-o-gas-tros'-to-me) [lap- 
aro-; yaarijp, stomach; crbp-a, mouth]. The forma- 
tion of a permanent gastric fistula through the 
abdominal wall. 

laparogastrotomy (lap-ar-o-gas-trqt'-o-me) [laparo-; 
yaa-rijp, stomach; rop.ii, a cutting]/ The opening of 
the stomach through an abdominal incision. 

laparohepatotomy (lap-ar -o-hep-at-ot' -o-me) [lap- 
aro-; tfirap, liver; rop.ii, a cutting]. Incision of the 
liver through the abdominal wall. 

laparohysterectomy (lap-ar o-his-ter-ek'-to-me) [lap- 
aro-; varkpa, womb; iKrop.ii- a. cutting out]. The 
removal of the uterus through an incision in the 
abdominal walls. 

iaparohystero-oophorectomy (lap-ar-o-his-ter-o-o- 
of-or-ek'-to-me) [laparo-; varkpa, womb; uo<t>bpos, 
ovary; iicTop.ii, a cutting out]. Removal of the uterus 
and ovaries through an incision in the abdominal 
wall. 

laparohysteropexy (lap-ar-o-his'-ter-o-peks-e) [lap- 
aro-; varkpa, womb; irplis, a fixing in]. Ventrofixa- 
tion. 

laparohysterosalpingo-oophorectomy (lap-ar-o-his- 
ter-o-sal-pin-go-o-of-or-ek'-to-me) [laparo-; varkpa, 
womb; aaXiny£, tube; &o<pbpos, ovary; i/crop-ii, a cutting 
out]. Excision of the uterus, oviducts, and ovaries 
by the abdominal route. 

laparohysterotomy {lap-ar -o-his-ter -of -o-me) [lap- 
aro-; varkpa, uterus; rop.ii, a cutting]. The operation 
of cutting into the uterus through an abdominal 
incision, as for the purpose of removing a fetus. 

laparoileotomy (lap-ar-o-il-e-ot'-o-me) [laparo-; ile- 
um; Top.ii, a cutting]. The operation of cutting into 
the ileum through an abdominal incision. 

laparokelyphotomy (lap-ar-o-kel-if-ot'-o-me) [lap- 
aro-; KkXv<pos, egg-shell; rop.ii, a cutting]. Same as 
laparocystotomy. 

laparokolpotomy (lap-ar-o-kol-pot'-o-me). See lap- 
aroelytrotomy. 

laparomyitis (lap-ar-o-mi-i'-lis) [laparo-; pvs, 
muscle; wis, inflammation]. Inflammation of the 
muscular portion of the abdominal wall. 

laparomyomectomy (lap-ar-o-mi-o-mek'-to-me) [lap- 
aro- ; nvs, muscle; iKrop.ii, a cutting out]. Removal of 
a myoma through an abdominal incision. 

laparomyotomy (lap-ar-o-mi-ot'-o-me). See laparo- 
myomectomy. 

laparonephrectomy (lap-ar-o-nef-rek'-to-me) [lap- 
aro-; v&j>pbs, kidney; iKrop.ii, a cutting out]. Nephrec- 
tomy by an incision in the loins. 

laparonephrotomy (lap-ar-o-nef -rot' -o-me) [laparo-; 
i>e<ppfc, kidney ; rop.ii, a cutting]. Nephrotomy through 
an incision in the loins. 



LAPARORRHAPHY 



500 



LARYNGOCATARRH 



laparorrhaphy (lap-ar-or'-af-e) [laparo-; (>a<j>ij, 
suture]. Suture of the abdominal wall. 

laparosalpingectomy (lap-ar-o-sal-pin-jek'-to-me) 
[laparo-; (rtihiriyi-, tube; £ktohti, a cutting out]. Re- 
moval of a Fallopian tube through an abdominal 
incision. 

laparosalpingo-oophorectomy (lap-ar-o-sal-ping-go- 
o-of-o-rek'-to-me). The removal of the ovaries and 
oviducts by an incision through the abdomen. 

laparosalpingotomy (lap-ar-o-sal-pin-got'-o-me) [lap- 
aro-; <r6.\inyt, tube; ronv, a cuttingl. i. Cutting into 
an oviduct through an abdominal incision. 2. 
Laparosalpingectomy. 

laparoscope (lap'-ar-o-skop) [laparo-; <ri<oireZv, to 
examine]. An instrument for examining the ab- 
domen. 

laparoscopy (lap-ar-os'-ko-pe) [laparo-; aicoireiv, 
to examine]. Examination of the abdomen by 
instrumental means. 

laparosplenectomy (lap-ar-o-splen-ek'-to-me) [lap- 
aro-; <rir\7)v, spleen; £ktoht), a cutting out]. Removal 
of the spleen through an abdominal incision. 

laparosplenotomy (lap-ar-o-splen-ot'-o-me) [laparo-; 
<Tir\i}v, spleen; ronv, a cutting]. Surgical entrance 
upon the spleen through the abdominal walls. 

laparotome (lap-ar-o-tom) [laparo-; rofiri, a cutting]. 
A cutting-instrument used in laparotomy. 

laparotomist (lap-ar-ot'-o-mist) [see laparotomy]. 
A surgeon who performs laparotomies. 

laparotomize (lap-ar-ot'-om-tz). To make an in- 
cision in the abdominal wall ; to perform laparotomy; 

laparotomy (lap-ar-ot'-o-me) [laparo-; roy.i), a cut- 
ting]. 1. An incision through the abdominal wall; 
celiotomy is the preferable term. 2. The operation 
of cutting into the abdominal cavity through the 
loin or flank. 

laparotyphlotomy (lap-ar-o-tif-lot'-o-me). Synonym 
of typhlotomy. 

laparo-uterotomy (lap-ar-o-u-ter-oi'-o-me). Incision 
of the uterus through the abdomen: laparohystero- 
tomy. 

laparovaginal {lap-ar-o-vaj'-in-al) [laparo-; vagina, 
sheath]. Pertaining to the abdomen and the vagina. 

laparozoster (lap-ar-o-zos'-tur). Zoster affecting 
the abdomen. 

lapathin {lap' -ath-iri) [Lapathum, the genus Rumex], 
Chrysophanic acid. 

lapaxis (lap-aks'-is) [X£7ra£is, evacuation]. Evacu- 
ation. 

lapilliform (lap-il'-i-form) [lapillus, a little stone; 
forma, form]. Presenting the appearance of little 
stones. 

lapis (la' -pis) [L.]. A stone; an alchemic term 
applied to any nonvolatile substance. 1. divinus, 
aluminated copper. 1. imperialis, 1. lunaris, silver 
nitrate. 1. infernalis, silver nitrate. 1. lazuli, a 
beautiful blue stone of complex composition, formerly 
employed as a purgative and emetic and in epilepsy. 
1. mitigatus, diluted silver nitrate. 

lappa (lap' -ah) [L.]. The root of the common 
burdock, Arctium lappa, containing a bitter principle, 
a resin, and tannin. It is aperient, diuretic, and 
alterative, and has been employed in gout, scorbutus, 
syphilis, and various skin diseases. The dose of the 
root is 1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc); in infusion or tincture 10 
min.-i dr. (0.65-4.0 Cc). 1., fluidextract of (fluid- 
extr actum lappa, U. S. P.). Dose 30 min.-i dr. 
(2-4 Cc). 

lapsus (lap'-sus) [labi, to fall]. A fall; ptosis. 
1. palpebral superioris, ptosis of the eyelid. 1. 
pilorum, alopecia. 1. unguium, falling of the nails. 

laquear (lak'-we-ar) [L., "a fretted ceiling"; pi., 
laquearia]. 1. vaginae, the vaginal vault. 

laqueus (lak'-we-us) [L., "a noose"]. 1. A noose- 
shaped bandage. 2. See fillet (2). 

larch. See larix. 

lard (lardum, lard]. The fat of the interior of the 
abdominal cavity of the hog, constituting adeps 
(U. S. P.). Lard is much used in pharmacy as a 
basis for ointments. See adeps. 

lardacein (lar-da'-se-in) [lard]. An amyloid sub- 
stance, formed in amyloid degeneration of various 
organs, particularly the liver, kidney, and spleen. 
It is a protein, but insoluble in the ordinary solvents, 
is not acted upon by the gastric juice, does not readily 
undergo putrefaction, and gives a mahogany-brown 
color with iodine and a blue color with iodine and 
sulphuric acid. 

lardaceous (lar-da'-se-us) [lard]. Amyloid. 1. 
kidney. See Bright' s disease. 



lardeous, lardiform (lar'-de-us, -form) [lard; forma, 
form]. Having a fatty appearance. 

lardum, laridum (lard'-um, lar'-id-um) [L.]. Lard. 

largin (lar'-jin). Silver protalbin, a compound 
containing 11 % of silver. It is a grayish-white 
powder, readily soluble in water and glycerol. It is 
a bactericide, used in gastric ulcers and gonorrhea. 
Dose 5-8 gr. (0.33-0.5 Gm.) in pill; in gonorrhea a 
0.25 to 1.5 % solution is employed. 

laricin (lar'-is-in) [larix, larch]. Agaricin obtained 
from the larch agaric, Polyporus officinalis. 

larinoid (lar'-in-oid) [\apwos, fat; elSos, like]. 
Lardaceous; as larinoid carcinoma. 

larix (lar'-iks) [L.]. Larch. A genus of coniferous, 
deciduous trees. The cortex (laricis cortex, B. P.) 
is astringent and stimulant, and has been used in 
purpura, hemoptysis, bronchitis, and locally in skin 
diseases. Dose of the tincture 20-30 min. (1.3- 
2.0 Cc). 

larkspur (lark' -spur). The plant Delphinium 
consolida, the seeds of which are diuretic and emmena- 
gogue. Dose of the fluidextract 1-10 min. (0.065- 
0.65 Cc). 

Larrey's amputation (lar'-e) [Dominique Jean 
Larrey, French surgeon, 1766-1842]. Double-flap 
amputation at the shoulder-joint or hip-joint. 
L.'s bandage, a form of many tailed bandage, the 
edges being glued together. L.'s spaces, spaces 
between the parts of the diaphragm attached to the 
sternum and those that are attached to the ribs. 

larva (lar'-vah) [larva, a ghost: pi., larva]. The 
young stage of such animals as undergo transforma- 
tion- The form that insects take in emerging from 
the egg, commonly known as the caterpillar or "grub" 
stage. Also, applied to the immature form dis- 
tinguishing many of the lower vertebrates before 
maturity. 

larvaceous (lar-va'-she-us) [larva, a mask]. Cover- 
ing the face like a mask. 

larval (lar'-val) [larva, a ghost]. 1. Pertaining to 
or existing in the condition of a larva. 2. Same as 
larvaceous. 1. paludism. See dumb ague. 1. pneu- 
monia. See pneumonia. 1. scarlatina, a mild case 
of scarlet fever in which the rash is absent. 

larvate (lar'-vat) [larvatus, masked]. Concealed; 
masked; applied to diseases and conditions that 
are hidden by more obvious conditions, Or by some 
peculiarity of their symptoms. 

larvicide (lar' -vis-id) [larva; ccedere, to kill]. Any 
agent destroying insect larvae. 

laryngalgia (lar-in-gal'-je-ah) [larynx; &\yos, pain]. 
Pain or neuralgia of the larynx. 

laryngeal (lar-in'-je-al) [larynx]. Pertaining to the 
larynx. 1. crisis, an acute laryngeal spasm occurring, 
in the course of tabes dorsalis. L edema, edema, 
caused by infiltration of a fluid or semifluid into the 
submucous connective tissue of the larynx. 1- 
mirror, a small circular mirror affixed to a long 
handle, used in laryngoscopy. 

laryngectomy (lar-in-jek'-to-me) [larynx; iKrofir), 
a cutting out]. Extirpation of the larynx. 

laryngemphraxis (lar-in-jem-fraks'-is) [larynx; in- 
vpafa, stoppage]. Closure or obstruction of the 
larynx. 

laryngismal (lar-in-jiz'-mal) Relating to laryn- 
gismus. 

laryngismus (lar-in-jiz'-mus) [larynx]. A spasm of 
the larynx. 1. stridulus, a spasmodic affection of 
the larynx, characterized by sudden arrest of respira- 
tion, with increasing cyanosis, followed by long, loud,, 
crowing inspirations. It is most common in rhachitic 
children, but may also occur as a symptom of laryn- 
geal catarrh. 

laryngitic (lar -in- jit' -ik). Pertaining to or caused. 
by laryngitis. 

laryngitis (lar-in-ji'-tis) [larynx; ins, inflammation]. 
Inflammation of the larynx. It may be acute or 
chronic, catarrhal, suppurative, croupous (diphther- 
itic), tuberculous, or syphilitic. Chronic catarrhal, 
laryngitis is divided into a hypertrophic and an atro- 
phic stage. The symptoms of acute catarrhal 
laryngitis, the most common form, are hoarseness,, 
pain, dryness of the throat, dysphagia, and cough. 
1., dry, a form characterized by heat and fatigue in 
the throat, persistent cough, and sometimes aphonia. 
Syn., laryngitis sicca. 

laryngo- (lar-in-go-) [larynx]. A prefix denoting 
relation to the larynx. 

laryngocatarrh (lar-in-go-kat-ar'). Catarrh of the 
larynx. 



LARYNGOCELE 



501 



LATERAD 



laryngocele (lar-in' -go-s el) [laryngo-; ktjXv, a tumor]. 
A saccular dilatation of the mucosa of the larynx 
between the hyoid bone and the cricoid cartilage. 

laryngocentesis (lar-in-go-sen-te'-sis) [laryngo- ; 
Kevrriais, puncture]. Puncture ot the larynx. 

laryngocrisis (ldr-in-go-kri' -sis) . The paroxysmal 
laryngeal cramp occurring in tabes dorsalis. 

laryngofissure (lar-in-go-fish'-ur) [laryngo-; finder e, 
to cleave], i. Division of the larynx for the removal 
of tumors or foreign bodies. 2. The aperture made 
in the operation of laryngofissure. 

laryngograph (lar-in' -go-graf) [laryngo-; ypa<peiv, 
to write]. An instrument for recording laryngeal 
movements. 

laryngography (lar-in-gog'-ra-fe) [laryngo-; ypa<peiv, 
to write]. A description of the larynx. 

laryngologic, laryngological (lar-in-go-loj'-ik, lar- 
in-go-loj'-ik-al) [laryngo-; \byos, science]. Pertaining 
to laryngology. 

laryngologist (lar-in-gol'-o-jist). One versed in 
laryngology. 

laryngology (lar-in-gol'-o-je) [laryngo-; \6yos, sci- 
ence]. The science of the anatomy, physiology, and 
diseases of the larynx. 

laryngometry {lar-in-gom'-et-re) [laryngo-; p.erpov, 
measure]. The systematic measurement of the 
larynx. 

laryngonecrosis (lar-in-go-ne-kro'-sis) [laryngo-; 
vbcpuais, death]. Necrosis of any portion of the 
larynx. 

laryngoparalysis (lar-in-go-par-aV -is-is) [laryngo-; 
irapaXvais, palsy]. Paralysis of the laryngeal muscles. 

laryngopathy (lar-in-gop'-ath-e) [laryngo-; irafios, 
suffering]. Any disease of the larynx. 

laryngophantom (lar-in-go-fan' -torn) [laryngo- ; 
<j>avTa<Tna, an apparition]. An artificial larynx de- 
signed for illustrative purposes. 

laryngopharyngeal (lar-in-go-far-in'-je-al). Per- 
taining conjointly to the larynx and pharynx. 

laryngopharyngeus (lar-in-go-far-in'-je-us). The 
inferior constrictor of the pharynx. 

laryngopharyngitis (lar-in-go-far-in-ji'-tis). 1. In- 
flammation of the laryngopharynx. 2. Inflamma- 
tion of the larynx and the pharynx. 

laryngopharynx (lar-in-go-far'-inks) [laryngo-; 
<papvy£, pharynx]. The inferior portion of the 
pharynx. It extends from the greater cornua of the 
hyoid bone to the inferior border of the cricoid 
cartilage. 

laryngophony (lar-in-gof'-o-ne) [laryngo-; <t>wh, 
voice]. The sound of the voice observed in auscul- 
tation of the larynx. 

laryngophthisis (lar-in-go-ti'-sis) [laryngo-; <p9l<ri$, 
wasting]. Laryngeal tuberculosis. 

laryngoplasty (lar-in' -go-plas-te) [laryngo-; irXaa- 
aeiv, to shape]. Plastic operation upon the larynx. 

laryngoplegia (lar-in-go-ple'-je-ah) [laryngo-; irXrjyri, 
stroke]. Paralysis of one or more muscles of the 
larynx. 

laryngorhinology (lar-in-go-ri-nol'-o-je). Combined 
laryngology and rhinology. 

laryngorrhagia (lar-in-gor-a'-je-ah) [laryngo-; 
ptjyvvvai, to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from the 
larynx. 

laryngorrhea, laryngorrhoea (lar-in-gor-e'-ah) [laryn- 
go- ; poia, a flow]. Excessive secretion of the laryngeal 
mucosa, especially on attempting to use the organ. 

laryngoscleroma (lar-in-go-skle-ro'-mah) [laryngo- ; 
<jKh-npwna, an induration]. Scleroma affecting the 
larynx. 

laryngoscope (lar-in' -go-skop) [laryngo-; o-Ko-n-eZv, to 
examine]. A mirror attached to a long handle for 
examining the interior of the larynx. 

laryngoscopic (lar-in-go-skop'-ik). Pertaining to 
laryngoscopy. 

laryngoscopist (lar-in-gos'-ko-pist) [see laryngo- 
scope]. An expert in laryngoscopy. 

laryngoscopy (lar-in-gos'-ko-pe) [see laryngoscope]. 
Examination of the interior of the larynx by means 
of the laryngoscope. 

laryngospasm (lar-in' -go-spazm) [laryngo-; a-rras- 
nbs, spasm]. Spasmodic closure of the glottis. 

laryngostasis (lar-in- gos'-tas-is) [laryngo-; oTcuns, 
stagnation]. Synonym of croup. 

laryngostenosis (lar-in-go-sten-o'-sis) [laryngo-; 
orkvuiovs, contraction]. Contraction or stricture of 
the larynx. 

laryngostomy (lar-in- gos'-to-me) [laryngo-; arop-a, 
mouth]. The establishing of a permanent opening 
into the larynx through the neck and trachea. 



laryngostroboscope (lar-in-go-stro'-bo-skop) [laryn- 
go-; crrpoffos, a twisting; o-ko-khIv, to examine]. A laryn- 
goscope combined with an adjustable intermittent 
source of illumination, used in the observation of the 
vocal bands. 

laryngostroboscopy (lar-in-go-stro-bos'-ko-pe) . The 
inspection of the vibration of the vocal chords by 
means of a laryngostroboscope. 

laryngosyrinx (lar-in-go-si' -rinks) [laryngo-; <rvpiy£, 
pipe: pi., laryngosyringes]. A laryngeal tube. 

laryngotome (lar-in' -go-tom) [laryngo-; rop-h, a 
cutting]. A cutting-instrument used in laryngo tomy. 

laryngotomy (lar-in-gof -o-me) [laryngo-; Ttpvew, 
to cut]. The operation of incising the larynx. 
1., complete, incision of the larynx through its whole 
length. 1., median, incision of the larynx through 
the thyroid cartilage. 1., subhyoid, 1., superior, 1., 
thyrohyoid, incision of the larynx through the thyro- 
hyoid membrane. 

laryngotracheal (lar-in-go-tra'-ke-al) [laryngo- ; 
Tpaxeia, the windpipe]. Pertaining conjointly to the 
larynx and the trachea. 

laryngotracheitis (lar-in-go-tra-ke-i'-tis) [laryngo- ; 
trachea; vrvs, inflammation]. Inflammation of the 
larynx and the trachea. 

laryngotracheotomy (lar-in-go-tra-ke-ot'-o-me) [lar- 
yngo-; trachea; rop.it, a cutting]. That form of 
tracheotomy in which the cricoid cartilage and one 
or more of the upper rings of the trachea are divided. 

laryngotyphoid, laryngotyphus (lar-in-go-ti'-foid, 
lar-in-go-ti'-fus) [laryngo-; typhoid]. Typhoid fever 
associated with marked laryngeal complications. 

laryngoxerosis (lar-in-go-zer-o'-sis) [laryngo-; xero- 
sis]. Dryness of the larynx. 

laryngydrops (lar-in' -jid-rops) [laryngo-; v8pu\J/, 
dropsy]. Laryngeal edema. 

larynx (lar'-inks) [\apvy£, larynx]. The organ of 
the voice, situated between the trachea and the base 
of the tongue. It consists of a series of cartilages — 
the thyroid, the cricoid, and the epiglottis — and three 
pairs of cartilages — the arytenoids and those of 
Santorini and of Wrisberg — which are lined by 
mucous membrane and are moved by the muscles 
of the larynx. The mucous membrane is, on each 
side, thrown into two transverse folds that constitute 
the vocal bands, the upper being the false, the lower 
the true, vocal band. By the approximation or 
separation of the vocal bands the changes in the 
pitch of the voice are produced. The space between 
the vocal bands is termed the glottis. 

lascivia (las-iv'-e-ah). Satyriasis, nymphomania. 

lascivious (las-iv'-e-us) [lascivia, wantonness]. Lib- 
idinous. Wanton. Having an unlawful desire. 

Lasegue's law (las-ag') [Ernest Charles Lasegue, 
French physician, 1816-1883]. Superficial lesions 
or simple functional troubles of an organ increase 
the reflexes, while more or less pronounced organic 
lesions suppress them. L.'s sign. 1. Incapacity 
of the anesthetic hysterical individual to move the 
extremity which he is prevented from seeing. 2. To 
differentiate sciatica from hip-joint disease: in the 
case of the former, flexion of the thigh upon the hip 
is painless or easily accomplished when the knee is 
bent. L.'s type of mania of persecution, typical 
paranoia. 

lash [LG., lasche, a flap]. 1. An eyelash. 2. A 
flagellum. 

Lassar's paste (las'-ar) [Oscar Lassar, German 
dermatologist, 1849-1908]. A paste used in the 
treatment of erythema intertrigo, consisting of sali- 
cylic acid, 30 gr.; zinc oxide and powdered starch, 
each, 6 dr.; vaselin, 2 oz. 

lassitude (las'-it-ud) [lassus, tired]. A state of 
exhaustion or weakness, arising from causes other 
than fatigue. 

lata, latah (lah'-tah) [Jav.l. A hysterical neurosis 
prevalent in Java, and nearly identical with the 
disorder of the jumpers in Maine and Canada, and 
with the miryachit of Siberia. 

latency (la'-iens-e) [latere, to be hid]. The con- 
dition of being latent or concealed. 

latent (la'-tent) [latere, to be hid]. Concealed; 
not manifest; potential. 1. heat, that which appar- 
ently disappears when a liquid is vaporized or a 
solid melted. 1. period. 1. The time required for 
the incubation of a disease. 2. In physiology, the 
time intervening between the application of a stimu- 
lus and the appearance of the resulting phenomenon. 

laterad (lat'-er-ad) [latus, the side; ad, toward]. 
Toward the lateral aspect. 



LATERAL 



502 



LAVERAN'S CRESCENT 



lateral (lat'-er-al) [latus], I. At, belonging to, or 
pertaining to the side; situated on either side of the 
median vertical plane. 2. Referring to structures 
further away from the median plane than those desig- 
nated medial. 1. chain. See receptor, l.-chain 
theory of Ehrlich, this theory presupposes that 
the stimulating substances introduced into the circu- 
lation have the power of combining with certain 
groups of molecules in the protoplasm of certain cells, 
which combination is succeeded by a regeneration of 
the lateral chains. When more of the combining 
substance is injected and the combining lateral chains 
again consumed, another still more copious regenera- 
tion occurs, and so on until the particular lateral 
chains are present in great excess and pass out of the 
cells into the blood, where they are known as anti- 
toxin. See immunity, theory of, Ehrlich's side-chain. 
1. column, that column of the spinal cord between the 
anterior and posterior horns. 1. operation, that form 
of lithotomy in which the opening is made on the 
right or the left side of the perineum. 1. sclerosis, 
amyotrophic, a disease of the lateral columns and 
anterior gray matter of the cord. It is characterized 
by motor weakness and a spastic condition of the 
limbs, associated with atrophy of the muscles and 
final involvement of the nuclei in the medulla ob- 
longata. 1. sclerosis, primary, a sclerotic disease of 
the crossed pyramidal tracts of the cord, charac- 
terized by paralysis of the limbs, with rigidity, 
increased tendon-reflexes, and absence of sensory 
and nutritive disorders. A peculiar characteristic 
jerking gait is produced, and clonus of the lower 
limbs may be readily excited. 1. sinuses, the two 
veins of the dura mater situated in the attached 
margin of the tentorium cerebelli. 1. ventricles. 
See ventricles, lateral. 

lateralization {lat-er-al-iz-a'-shun) [lateralis, lateral]. 
The localization of a disease upon one or the other 
side of the body. 

lateralized (lat'-er-al-izd) [lateralis, lateral]. Local- 
ized on one side ; directed to one side. 

lateren (lat'-er-en) [latus, side]. Belonging to the 
lateral aspect in itself. 

latericumbent (lat-er-ik-um'-bent) [latus, side; 
cumbere, to lie]. Lying on the side 

lateriflection, lateriflexion (lat-er-if-lek'-shun). See 
later o flection. 

laterigrade (lat'-er-ig-rad) [latus, side; gradus, step]. 
Progressing sideways. * 

lateritious, latericeous (lat-er-ish'-us) [later, a 
brick]. Resembling brick-dust, as the lateritious 
sediment of the urine. 

lateriversion (lat-er-if-er'-shun). See later oversion. 

latero- (latus, side]. A prefix signifying to one 
side; lateral. 

lateroabdominal (lat-er-o-ab-dom'-in-al) [latero- ; 
abdominalis, pertaining to the abdomen]. Pertaining 
both to the side and to the abdomen. 1. posture, 
Sims' posture. 

laterocervical (lat-er-o-ser'-vik-al) [latero-; cervix, 
the neck]. At or about the side of the neck. 

laterodeviation (lat-er-o-de-ve-a'-shun) [latero-; devi- 
are, to deviate]. Slight displacement or deviation 
to one side. 

lateroduction (lat-er-o-duk'-shun) [latero-; ducere, 
to lead]. Lateral movement of the eye. 

lateroflexion (lat-er-o-flek'-shun) [latero-; flectere, 
to bend]. Flexion or bending to one side. 

lateromarginal (lat-er-o-mar'-jin-al) [latero-; mar go, 
edge]. Placed on the lateral edge 

lateronuchal (lat-er-o-nu'-kal) [latero-; nucha, 
nape]. Situated at the side of the nape of the neck. 

lateroposition (lat-er-o-po-zish'-un) [latero-; ponere, 
to place]. Displacement to one side. 

lateropulsion (lat-er-o-pul' -shun) [latero-; pellere, 
to drive]. An involuntary motion to one side. 

laterotorsion (lat-er-o-tor'-shun) [latero-; lorquere, 
to turn]. A twisting to one side. 

lateroversion (lat-er-o-ver'-shun) [latero-; verier e, 
to turn]. A turning to one side, as lateroversion of 
the uterus. 

latex (la'-teks) [L., liquid: pi., latices]. The sap 
or the juice of the tubes or vessels of plants, l.-cells, 
cells giving rise to latex or milky juice. 

Latham's circle (la'-tham) [Peter Mere Latham, 
English physician, 1789-1875]- A point midway 
between the left nipple and the lower end of the 
sternum is made the center of a circle two inches in 
diameter; this circle corresponds to the area of 
pericardial dulness. 



lathyrin {lath'-ir-in) [\63vpn, pulse]. A bitter 
extractive of lathyrus. 

lathyrism (lath'-ir-izm) [\60vpos, a kind of pulse]. 
An affection produced by the use of meal from 
varieties of vetches, chiefly Lathyrus sativus and L, 
cicera. It is a form of spastic paraplegia- with tremor, 
involving chiefly the legs Syn., lupinosis. 

latibulum (la-tib'-il-lum) [latere,- to lie hid]. A 
lurking-place for disease, infection, or poison. 

latissimus (lat-is'-im-us) [superl. of latus, wide]. 
An adjective signifying widest. 1. colli, the platysma 
myoides; see under muscle. 1. dorsi. See under 
muscle. 

latrine (la-tren') [Fr.]. A water-closet or privy, 
especially one in trough form and capable of accom- 
modating several persons at the same time. 

lattice-work of the thalamus. The formatio 
reticularis, q. v. 

laudable (law'-da-bl) [laudare, praise]. Praise- 
worthy. _ 1. pus. See pus, laudable. 

laudanine (lawd'-an-en) [laudanum], C20H25NO4. 
One of the alkaloids of opium. 

laudanon (law'-dan-on) . A combination of various 
alkaloids of opium. It contains morphine, codeine, 
papaverine, thebaine, narceine and narcotine. 

laudanosine (law-dan' -o-sen) [KaSavov, a gum], 
C21H26NO4. A crystallizable alkaloid of opium. 

laudanum (lawd'-an-um) [Pers., ladan, a shrub]. 
Tincture of opium. 1., Sydenham's, wine of opium. 

laugh (lahf). 1. To make an audible expression 
of mirth. 2. The audible expression of mirth. 
1., canine, 1., sardonic. Synonyms of risus sardoni- 
cus, q. v. 

laughing, laughter (lahf'-ing, lahf'-ter) [AS., 
hlehhan, to laugh]. A succession of rhythmic, 
spasmodic expirations with open glottis and vibra- 
tion of the vocal bands, and expressing mirth, l.-gas, 
nitrous oxide or nitrogen monoxide. See nitrous 
oxide under anesthetic, general. 

Laugier's hernia (lo-zje-a') [Stanislas Laugier, 
French surgeon, 1799-1872]. Femoral hernia through 
a gap in Gimbernat's ligament. 

Laumonier's ganglion (lo-mon-e-a') [Jean Baptiste 
Laumonier, French surgeon, 1749-1818]. The carotid 
ganglion. 

Laura's nucleus (low' -rah). See Deiters' nucleus. 

laurel (law'-rel). See cherry-laurel and laurus. 
l.-water, a medicinal water distilled from leaves of 
the cherry-laurel. See cherry-laurel. 

laureol (law'-re-ol). The proprietary name for a 
mixture of cocoanut-oil and palm-oil. 

laurocerasus (law-ro-ser'-as-us). See cherry-laurel. 

laurotetanine (law-ro-tef -an-en), C19H23NO5. An 
alkaloid from the bark of Litsea citrata and a number 
of other plants of the order Laurinece. It is said to 
be a powerful poison, acting like strychnine on the 
spinal cord. 

laurus (law'-rus) [L.]. A tree of the Laurinece. 
L. nobilis, the true laurel, is indigenous in the south 
of Europe. Its fragrant oils (one essential, from the 
leaves, and the other fixed, from the berries) are 
chiefly used in liniments. 

Lauth's canal (lout) [Thomas Lauth, German 
anatomist, 1758-1826]. See Schlemm's canal. 

lautissimus (law-tis'-im-us) [lautus, washed]. 
Most thoroughly purified or rectified. 

lavage (lav-ahzj) [Fr.]. The irrigation or washing 
out of an organ, such as the stomach, the bowel, 
etc. 1. of the blood, washing toxic products from the 
blood-stream by intravenous injection of artificial 
serum in large doses. 

lavamentum (lav-am-en'-tum) [lavare, to wash]. 
An injection. 

lavandula (lav-an'-du-lah). See lavender 

lavation (lav-a'-shun) [lavare, to wash]. Lavage. 

lave (lav) [lavare, to wash]. To wash; bathe. 

lavement (lav'-ment) [lavare, to wash]. 1. A wash; 
the act of washing. 2. A clyster or enema. 

lavender (lav'-en-der) [lavanda, a washing]. The 
flowers of Lavandula vera, a plant of the order 
Labiatce. The active principle is a volatile oil. 
1. flowers, oil of (oleum lavandulce florum, U. S. P.), 
used in the preparation of the spirit. 1., spirit of 
(spiritus lavandulce, U. S. P.). Dose 30 min.-i dr. 
(2-4 Cc). 1., tincture of, compound (tinctura lavan- 
dulce composita, U. S. P.). Dose 30 min.-i dr. (2-4 
Cc). Both the spirit and tincture are stimulant and 
carminative. 

Laveran's crescent (lav-er-an') [Charles Louis 
Alphonse Laveran, French physician, 1845- ]. 



LAVIPEDIUM 



503 



LECITHIN 



The sickle-shaped Plasmodium found in the esti- 
voautumnal form of intermittent fever. L.'s Plas- 
modium, the hematozoon of malaria; see Plasmodium 
malaria. 

lavipedium (lav-ip-e'-de-um) [lavare, to wash; pes, 
foot]. A foot-bath; a pediluvium. 

law (law) [AS., lagu, a law]. A general rule; a 
constant mode of action of forces or phenomena. 
A rule of action prescribed by authority. 1., Aran's, 
Bastian's, etc. See under the proper names. 1. of 
definite proportions, when two or more chemical 
substances unite to form a compound, they do so in 
a fixed and constant proportion. 1. of multiple pro- 
portions, two substances uniting to form a series of 
chemical compounds do so in proportions that are 
simple multiples of one another or of one common 
proportion. 1. of reciprocal proportions, two ele- 
ments combining with a third do so in proportions 
that are simple multiples or simple fractions of those 
in which they combine with each other. 1. of re- 
fraction, rays of light entering a denser medium are 
deflected toward a perpendicular drawn through the 
point of incidence, and those entering a rarer medium 
are deflected away from the same perpendicular. 

lawn-tennis arm. Displacement of the tendon, or 
body (or both) of the pronator radii teres. Common 
in lawn-tennis players, l.-t. knee, an affection occur- 
ring in tennis players, probably due to a contusion or 
laceration of the internal semilunar cartilage, l.-t. 
leg, tendinous, fascial, or muscular rupture in the 
calf or sura. 

lax (laks) [laxus, loose]. Loose; not tense. 

laxaphen (laks' -af -en). Trade name of a cathartic 
containing phenolphthalein and salicylic acid. 

lasarthrus (laks-ar'-thrus) [laxus, loose; apOpov, 
joint]. Luxation of a joint. 

laxative (laks'-a-tiv) [laxare, to loosen], i. Aperi- 
ent; mildly cathartic. 2. An agent that loosens the 
bowels; a mild purgative. 

laxatol (laks'-at-ol). Trade name of a preparation 
of phenolphthalein. 

laxator (laks-a'-tor) [laxare]. That which loosens 
or relaxes. A name applied to various muscles. 
1. tympani. See under muscle. 

laxiquinine (laks-e-kwin'-en). A proprietary reme- 
dy said to be quinine combined with laxatives. 

laxitas (laks'-it-as) [L., looseness]. 1. alvi, diarrhea. 
1. gingivarum, spongy gums. 1. intestinorum, diar- 
rhea. 1. ventriculi, atony of the stomach. 

laxity (laks'-it-e) [laxitas, looseness]. Lack or loss 
of tone or tension; a relaxed, loose, or spongy state 
of a tissue. 

laxol (laks'-ol). Castor-oil combined with sac- 
charin and oil of peppermint. 

layer (la'-er) [ME., leyer]. A mass of uniform, or 
nearly uniform, thickness, spread over a considerable 
area. 1., bacillar, 1., bacillary, the layer of rods and 
cones of the retina. 1., cellular, the endothelial 
layer of the blood-vessels and lymph- vessels, com- 
posed of flattened nucleated cells. 1., cortical, the 
cerebral cortex. 1., cuticular, a striated, hyaline, 
refractive layer at the free end of a columnar cell. 
1., ganglionic, a layer of angular cells of the cerebral 
cortex, best developed in the motor area. 1., horny, 
the superficial layer of the skin. 1., large pyramid- 
cell, the third layer of the cerebral cortex, composed 
of pyramidal cells larger than those of the small 
pyramid-cell layer, increasing in size from above down- 
ward and attaining a diameter of 40 p.. 1., molecular, 
the outermost layer of the cerebral cortex, made up 
of neuroglia, a few small ganglion-cells, and a reticu- 
lum of medullated and nonmedullated nerve-fibers. 
1., oophorous, the outer portion of the ovary, in which 
the ovules are formed. 1., osteoblastic, 1., osteo- 
genetic, the lower layer of periosteum, connected 
with the formation of bone. 1. of rods and cones. 
See /., bacillar. 1., serous, the inner layer of the 
pericardium. 1., small pyramid-cell, the second layer 
of the cerebral cortex, made up of small pyramidal 
cells, with a diameter of about 10 p. 1., Waldeyer's, 
internal or vascular layer of the ovary. 

layette (lay-ef) [Fr.]. The full outfit of garments, 
bedding, etc., for a new-born child. 

layman (la'-man) [Xaoj, the people]. A member 
of the laity; a person not a physician or not pro- 
fessionally educated. 

lazar (laz'-ar) [Lazarus, a biblical name]. An old 
name for a leper, or for any person having a repulsive 
disease. 

lazaretto (laz-ar-et'-o) [Ital., "a pest-house," from 



lazar, a leper]. A quarantine establishment; a pest- 
house; also, a place for fumigation and disinfection. 

lb. Abbreviation for Latin libra, a pound. 

L. D. Abbreviation for perception of light differ- 
ence. 

L. D. A. Abbreviation for left dorsoanterior 
position of the fetus. 

L. D. P. Abbreviation for left dorsoposterior 
position of the fetus. 

L. D. S. Abbreviation of Licentiate of Dental 
Surgery. 

L. E. Abbreviation for left eye. 

leaching (le'-ching). The process of causing water 
or any fluid to percolate through some substance. 

lead (led) [AS.]. See plumbum. 1., black-, 
graphite, l.-colic. See colic, lead-, l.-encephalo- 
pathy, the cerebral manifestations of chronic lead- 
poisoning. They consist of epilepsy, acute delirium, 
and hallucinations, and may terminate in insanity. 
l.-line, the line of discoloration on the gums in cases 
of chronic lead-poisoning. Syn., blue line, l.-pipe 
contraction, the condition of the limbs in the catalep- 
tic state, in which they maintain any position that is 
given them. 1. plaster, an adhesive plaster con- 
taining lead oxide, l.-poisoning, a form of poisoning 
due to the introduction of lead into the system. The 
symptoms are disturbed nutrition, anemia, a blue 
line on the gums, lead-colic, constipation, pains in 
the limbs, local muscular paralysis (wrist-drop) and 
wasting, lead-encephalopathy, etc. Syn., plumbism; 
saturnism. 1., red, red oxide of lead, PbsCM, a poison- 
ous red powder used in salves. 1., sugar of, Pb(C2- 
1*302)2, lead acetate, used as an astringent and 
styptic. 1., test for, in system, paint a small area 
of the skin with a 6 % solution of sulphite. If lead 
is present, the painted area will darken after a few 
days. [Cicconardi.] 1., test for, in the urine, ad- 
minister potassium iodide for four days, collecting 
the urine. Evaporate to a pint (500 Cc.) and filter. 
Pass hydrogen sulphide gas through the urine thus 
concentrated, when a black precipitate will form if 
lead is present. [White.] 1., test for, in water. See 
Blythe. 1., white, lead carbonate, 2PbCC>3 . Pb(OH) 2 . 
It is used in skin diseases. 

leader (le'-der) [AS., Icedere]. A sinew or tendon. 

leading (led'-ing). Among smelters a popular term 
for chronic lead-poisoning. 

leaping (lep'-ing). Springing; jumping. 1. ague, a 
synonym of dancing mania. 

leathery ■ (leth'-er-e) [AS., lether]. Resembling 
leather, as leathery arteries, arteries thickened and 
feeling like cords of leather. 

Lebbin's test, for formaldehyde in milk. Boil a 
few Cc. of the suspected milk with 0.05 Gm. resor- 
cinol, to which half, or an equal volume of a 5 % 
solution of sodium hydroxide is added. In the pres- 
ence of formaldehyde the yellow solution changes to a 
fine red color, which becomes more apparent on 
standing. 

leben (leb'-en) [Ar., leban]. A variety of fer- 
mented milk of the Arabs. It corresponds to the 
"matzoon" of the Turks. 

Leber's corpuscles (la'-ber) [Theodor Leber, 
German ophthalmologist, 1840- ]. See Gierke's 
corpuscles. L.'s disease, hereditary optic atrophy. 
L.'s plexus, a plexus of venules in front of Schlemm's 
canal, with which it communicates. 

lecane (lek'-an-e) [Aecaj^, a little pan]. 1. A 
basin. 2. The pelvis. 

lecanic (lek-an'-ik). Pelvic. 

Lecat's gulf (lek-ah') [Claude Nicolas Lecat, 
French surgeon, 1700-1768]. The dilated bulbous 
portion of the urethra. 

lechopyra (lek-op'-ir-ah) [Xexw, a lying-in woman; 
irvp, fire, fever]. Puerperal fever. 

lecibrin (les'-ib-rin). Trade name of a nucleo- 
protein containing lecithin. 

lecithalbumins (les-ith-aV -bu-minz) . More or less 
stable compounds of albumin and lecithin, found in 
the mucosa of the stomach, in the lungs, liver, kidney, 
and spleen, differing from nucleoproteids and nucleo- 
albumins in that there is no metaphosphoric acid 
split off and that they yield no xanthin bases. 

lecithigenous (les-ith-ij'-en-us) [lecithin; y&>va.v, 
to beget]. Producing lecithin. 

lecithin (les'-ith-in) [A«ci0os, yolk of egg], C44H90- 
NPO9. A complex nitrogenous fatty substance, 
occurring widely spread throughout the animal 
body. It is found in the blood, bile, serous fluids, 
brain, nerves, yolk of egg, semen, pus, and white 



LECITHINOSE 



504 



LENHOSSEK 



blood-corpuscles. It is a colorless, slightly crystalline 
substance, soluble in alcohol, and chemically is 
looked upon as the glycerophosphate of neurin, in 
which two atoms of hydrogen are replaced by two 
atoms of stearic, palmitic, or oleic acid. It is used 
as a nutritive in tuberculosis. Dose 1-5 gr. (0.1- 
0.3 Gm.). 

lecithinose (les-ith'-in-os). Trade name of a 
lecithin preparation made from the yolk of eggs. 

lecithoblast (les-ith'-o-blast) [lecithin; /SXao-Tos, 
a germ]. One of the cells of the yolk-cavity in the 
mammalian ovum. Syn., lecithophore. 

lecithoid (les'-ith-oid) [lecithin; eldos, like]. Re- 
sembling lecithin. 

lecithophore (les-ith'-o-for). See lecithoblast. 

lecithoprotein (les-ith-o-pro'-te-iri). A compound 
of lecithin with a protein molecule. 

lecithymen (les-ith-i'-men) [Xe*«0os, yolk; vufy, 
membrane]. The vitelline membrane. 

Leclanche's battery (lek-lahn-sha') [ Leclan- 

che, French engineer]. Positive element, zinc; 
negative element, carbon; exciting agent, ammonium 
chloride; depolarizing agent, manganese dioxide; 
E.M.F., 1.42 volts. 

lectual (lek'-tu-al) [lectus, a bed]. Pertaining to a 
bed or couch. 1. disease, a disease that confines one 
to bed. 

Ledoyen's disinfecting-fluid. A solution of lead 
nitrate. 

Leduc current (led-ook') [Stephane Armand Nicolas 
Leduc, French physicist]. A form of direct electric 
current, used in the production of electric narcosis. 

leech {lech) [AS., lace, physician]. 1. An old 
term for a physician. 2. A blood-sucking worm, 
the Sanguisuga of Hirudo medicinalis, found in 
Europe, and the Hirudo decora, the American 
leech. Leeches are used for the local abstraction of 
blood. A European leech draws from |-i oz. (16-32 
Cc.) of blood. 1., artificial, an apparatus for cupping. 

leeches (lech'-ez). A mycotic disease of mules and 
cattle. 

lees (lez) [Ft., lie, dregs]. The dregs of vinous 
liquors. 

leeting (let'-ing). The exudation on the surface 
of the skin in eczema. 

left. Sinistral; opposite of right. The left-hand 
side, l.-brained, having the speech-center in its 
normal situation, in the left third frontal, or sub- 
frontal convolution, l.-eared, preferring the sinistral 
ear, as the one with which to hear sounds, l.-eyed, 
preferring the sinistral eye as the dominant one. 1.- 
footed, the power is furnished and governed by the 
sinistral foot, l.-handed, preferring the sinistral 
hand for the more expert or intellectual tasks. 1.- 
handedness, the quality of being left-handed. 

leg. The lower extremity, especially that part 
from the knee to the ankle. 1., badger, inequality 
in the length of legs. 1., bakers'. See genu valgum. 
1., bandy. Same as I., bow. 1., Barbados, elephanti- 
asis of the leg. 1., bayonet, uncorrected backward 
displacement of the leg-bones. 1., black, sympto- 
matic anthrax. 1., bow-, a curving outward of the 
legs. 1., milk-, phlegmasia alba dolens. 1., scissor, 
a crossing of the axes of the legs. 

legal (le'-gal) [lex, legis, law]. Pertaining to law. 
1. medicine, medical jurisprudence. 

Legal's disease (la'-gal) [Emmo Legal, German 
physician]. Paroxysmal pains and tenderness of 
the scalp in the region supplied by the auriculo- 
temporal nerve, associated with pharyngotympanic 
catarrh. Syn., cephalalgia pharyngotympanica. L.'s 
test for acetone in urine, acidulate the urine with 
hydrochloric acid and distil. To the distillate add 
a few drops each of sodium nitroprusside and solution 
of potassium hydroxide. This produces a ruby-red 
color, which changes to purple on the addition of 
acetic acid. Creatinin gives a similar color, but it 
disappears when acetic acid is added. 

Le Gendre's nodosities (leh-zjandr'). See Bou- 
chard's nodosities. 

legitimacy (le-jit'-im-as-e) [legitimus, lawful]. 
Born within wedlock, or within a period of time 
necessary to gestation, which may elapse after the 
death of the father. 

Legroux's remissions (leh-groo') [Treves de 
Legroux]. Lengthy remissions which sometimes 
occur in the course of pulmonary tuberculosis. 

legume (leg'-um, leg-um') [legere, to gather (so- 
called because it may be gathered by the hand)]. 
In biology, the fruit of plants of the pea or pulse 



family, a pod splitting along both sutures, and formed 
from a simple pistil. 

legumelin (leg-u'-mel-in) [legumin]. An albumin 
found in most leguminous seeds. 

legumin (leg-u'-min) [legumen, pulse]. A proteid 
found in the seeds of many plants belonging to the 
natural order of Leguminosce. 

Lehman's sign {la' -man). In the administration of 
chloroform, to prognosticate as to a ready or difficult 
anesthesia, if the eyelids closed by the anesthetizer 
reopen at once, wholly or in part, the anesthesia 
will be difficult. The eyelids will remain closed 
from the beginning in those who take chloroform well. 

leiocephalous (li-o-sef'-al-us) [XeTos, smooth; Ke</>a\ri, 
head]. Having a smooth head. 

leiodermatous (.li-o-der'-mat-us) [Xetos, smooth; 
bkpua, skin]. Smooth-skinned. 

leiodermia (li-o-der'-me-ah) [XeTos, smooth; depua, 
skin]. A disease of the skin marked by abnormal 
glossiness, and by atrophy. 

leiomyofibroma (li-o-mi-o-fi-bro'-mah) [XeTos, 
smooth ; p,vs, muscle ; fibra, fiber]. A tumor presenting 
the characteristics of a leioma, a myoma, and a 
fibroma. 

leiomyoma {li-o-mi-o'-mah) [XeTos, smooth; /uOs, 
muscle; 6p.a, a tumor: pi., leiomyomata]. A tumor 
consisting largely of unstriped muscle-fibers. 

leiotrichous, liotrichous (li-ot'-rik-us) [XeTos, 
smooth; 0p££, hair]. Having smooth or straight hair. 
See lissotrichous. 

leiphemia (li-fe f -me-ah) [Xelireiv, to fail; aitm, 
blood]. Failure, poverty, or a depraved state of the 
blood. 

leipodermia (li-po-der'-me-ah) [Xelireiv, to leave; 
Skp/ia, skin]. Deficiency of the skin. 

leipomeria (li-po-me'-re-ah) [Xelireiv, to leave; 
juepos, part]. A monstrosity with absence of one or 
more limbs. 

leipopsychia (li-po-psi'-ke-ah) [Xelireiv, to fail; 
ipvxv, spirit]. Fainting; weakness; asphyxia. 

leipothymia (li-po-thi'-me-ah) [Xelireiv, to fail; 
0up6s, mind].^ A fainting or syncope. 

leipothymic (li-po-thi'-mik) [Xelireiv, to fail; 017x6$, 
mind]. Faint; affected with or pertaining to leipo- 
thymia. 

leipyria (li-pi'-re-ah) [Kelireiv, to fail; irvp, fire]. 
Coldness, as of the extremities, during a high fever. 

Leishman-Donovan bodies (lish' -man-don' -o-van) 
[Sir William B. Leishman, British army surgeon; 
C. Donovan, British army surgeon]. Small parasite- 
like bodies on the liver and spleen of those suffering 
from kala-azar. Also known as Piroplasma donovani ; 
Leishmania donovani. 

Leishmaniosis (Itsh-man-e-o'-sis). A disease due 
to infection with any species of Leishman-Donovan 
body. 

leistungskern (li'-stung-skern) [Germ.]. The 
central chemical nucleus or active center of a cell. 

Leiter's coil, L.'s tubes (li'-ter). Tubes of soft, 
flexible metal designed for application about any 
part of the body. Cold water is passed through the 
tubes, thereby reducing the temperature of the 
parts incased. 

lema (le'-mah) \\fifiri, rheum]. The collection of 
dried matter sometimes seen at the canthus of the 
eye. 

Lembert suture (lam-bar') [Antoine Lembert, 
French surgeon, 1802-1851]. An intestinal suture 
for wounds in which the needle is passed transversely 
to the wound through the peritoneal and muscular 
coats, and out again on one side of the wound, and 
then carried across the wound and made to penetrate 
the two outer coats as before. 

lemma (lem'-ah) {Xknna, peel; pi., lemmata]. A 
general name for a limiting or ensheathing membrane; 
e. g., neurilemma, sarcolemma, etc. It is mostly 
used in composition. In embryology, the outer layer 
of the germinal vesicle. 

lemniscus (lem-nis'-kus). See fillet (2). 

lemon (lem'-on). See limo. 

lemonade, sulphuric-acid. Solution of sugar in 
water containing sulphuric acid. Used in lead 
manufactories^ prevent lead-poisoning. 

lemoparalysis (le-mo-par-al'-is-is) [Xcnpos, gullet; 
irap&Xvais, palsy]. Paralysis of the esophagus. 

lemostenosis (le-mo-ste-no'-sis) [XaipAs, gullet; 
ffTevuais, stricture]. Constriction of the pharynx or 
esophagus. 

Lenhossek, bundle of. The ascending root of 
the vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves. 



LENICEPS 



505 



LEPOTHRIX 



leniceps (len'-is-eps) [lenis, mild; caper e, to seize]. 
A form of obstetric forceps, with short handles; 
it is so called because it was designed to be safer in 
use than the ordinary forms. 

lenicet (len'-is-et). A preparation of aluminum 
acetate. 

lenient (le'-ne-ent) [leniens, softening], i. Leni- 
tive; emollient. 2. An emollient medicine or appli- 
cation. 

lenigallol (len-e-gal'-ol). Pyrogallol triacetate; a 
white, nontoxic powder, soluble in aqueous alkaline 
solutions. It is used in psoriasis and eczema in 0.5 
to 5 % ointment; it does not affect the healthy 
skin. 

leniment (len'-im-ent) [lenire, to soothe]. A lini- 
ment or soothing application. 

leniol (len'-e-ol). Trade name of a preparation of 
cod-liver oil. 

lenirenin (len-e-ren'-in). A preparation containing 
aluminum acetate, cocaine and adrenin. It is used 
as a snuff in catarrhal conditions of the nose. 

lenirobin (len-ir'-o-bin). Chrysarobin tetracetate. 
It is used in the treatment of skin diseases. 

lenitis (len-i'-tis). A term for phlegmonous 
gastritis, or suppurative inflammation of the areolar 
tissue of the stomach. 

lenitive (len'-it-iv) [lenitivus, soothing]. Emollient 
or demulcent; laxative or aperient. 2. An emollient 
remedy or application; an aperient or mildly cathartic 
agent. 1. electuary, confectio sennae. 

Lennander's incision. An incision to the right or 
left of the median line of the abdomen down to the 
rectus; the inner edge of this muscle is then re- 
tracted and the posterior layer of its sheath incised 
as well as the peritoneum. 

lennesin (len'-es-in). A cholagogue, said to be 
a glucoside from a species of Conyza. 

Lennhoff ' s sign. In cases of echinococcus-cyst on 
deep inspiration a furrow forms above the tumor 
between it and the edge of the ribs. 

lens (lenz) [L., "a lentil"]. 1. A piece of glass or 
crystal for the refraction of rays of light. 2. The 
crystalline lens of the eye. 1., achromatic. See 
achromatic lens. 1., apochromatic. See apochromatic 
lens. 1., biconcave (negative or minus ( — ) lens), 
a thick-edged lens having concave spherical surfaces 
upon its opposite sides; it is used in spectacles to 
correct myopia. 1., biconvex (positive or plus (+) 
lens), a thin-edged lens; it has two convex surfaces, 
and is used to correct hyperopia. 1., bifocal. See 
bifocal lens. 1., convergent, 1., converging, a double 
convex or planoconvex lens that focuses rays of light. 
1., convexoconcave, a lens having a convex and a 
concave surface, which would not meet if continued. 
Its properties are those of a convex lens of the same 
focal distance. 1., crystalline, the lens of the eye, a 
biconvex transparent body lying in its capsule im- 
mediately behind the pupil of the eye and kept in 
place by its suspensory ligament. It serves to refract 
the rays of light entering the pupil and impinging on 
its surface so as to bring them to a focus upon the 
retina. 1., cylindrical (either minus or plus) , one with 
a plane surface in one axis and a concave or convex 
surface in the axis at right angles to the first. 1., 
decentered, one with the optic center not opposite 
to the pupil of the eye. 1., dispersing, a concave lens. 
1., orthoscopic, one which gives a flat, undistorted 
field of vision. 1., periscopic, one with concavoconvex 
or convexoconcave surfaces, the opposite sides being 
of different curvatures; such lenses are called meniscus 
lenses. 1., spherical, one the curved surface of which, 
either concave or convex, is a segment of a sphere. 
1., Stokes'. See Stokes' lens. 

lenticel (len'-tis-el) [lenticella; dim; of lens, lentil]. 
Any one of the little mucous follicles or crypts at the 
base of the tongue; any lenticular gland. 

lenticonus (len-tik-o'-nus) [lens; conus, a cone]. 
A rare, usually congenital, anomaly of the lens in 
which there is a conical prominence upon its anterior 
or, more rarely, upon its posterior, surface. 

lenticula (len-tik' -u-lah) [L., "a lentil"]. 1. The 
lenticular nucleus. 2. A freckle. 

lenticular (len-tik' -u-lar) [lenticula]. 1. Pertaining 
to or resembling a lens. 2. Pertaining to the 
crystalline lens. 3. Pertaining to the lenticular 
nucleus of the brain. 4. Having the shape of a 
lentil; lentiform. 1. arteries, the arteries supplying 
the lenticular nucleus. 1. ganglion, the ophthalmic 
ganglion. 1. nucleus, a mass of gray matter, the 
extraventricular portion of the corpus striatum, 



situated to the outer side of the internal capsule of 
the brain. Syn., lenticula. 

lenticulate (len-tik' -u-lat) [lens]. Lens-shaped; 
lentil-shaped. 

lenticulo-optic (len-tik-u-lo-op'-tik) [lenticula; optic]. 
Relating to the lenticular nucleus and the thalamus. 

lenticulostriate (len-tik-u-lo-stri'-at) [lenticula; stri- 
ates, striated]. Pertaining to the lenticular nucleus 
of the corpus striatum, as lenticulostriate artery. 

lenticulothalamic (len-tik-u-lo-thal'-am-ik) See 
lenticulo-optic. 

lentiform (len'-tif-orm) [lens ; Jorma, form]. Lens- 
shaped or lentil-shaped. 

lentigines (len-tij'-in-ez) [lens, a lentil]. See 
lentigo. 1. leprosse, the pigmented spots of macular 
leprosy. 

lentiginose, lentiginous (len-tij'-in-os, len-tij' -in-us) 
[lentiginosus, freckled]. Affected with lentigo. 
Speckled or freckled. 

lentigo (len-ti'-go) [L. f "a lentil-shaped spot"; 
pi., lentigines]. A freckle; a circumscribed patch 
of pigment, small in size, occurring mainly on face 
and hands, and due to exposure to the sun. 1. aestiva, 
summer freckles. 

lentitis (len-ti'-tis). See phakitis. 

lentor (Jen' -tor) [lentus, adhesive]. Viscidity of a 
liquid; slowness of any function, or process. 1. 
cordis, sluggishness of the heart. 

lenus (le'-nus) [Xtjvos, a depression]. A depression; 
the torcular Herophili, q. v. 

Leo's sugar. See laiose. 

leontiasis (le-on-ti'-as-is) [Kewv, a lion]. A lion-like 
appearance of the face, seen in leprosy, elephantiasis, 
and leontiasis ossea. 1. ossea, 1. ossium, an over- 
growth of the bones of the face, through which the 
features acquire a lion-like appearance. Syn., 
megalocephaly . 

leontodin (le-on' -to-din) [Xewp, a lion; 65ovs, a 
tooth]. The precipitate from a tincture of the 
root of dandelion, Leonlodon taraxacum; it is a tonic, 
diuretic, aperient, and hepatic stimulant. Dose 
2-4 gr. (0.13-0.26 Gm.). 

leontodon (le-on'-to-don). See taraxacum. 

Leopold's law (le'-o-pold) [Christian Gerhard 
Leopold, German physician, 1846- ]. Insertion 
of the placenta into the posterior uterine wall pushes 
the Fallopian tubes forward, so that they assume a 
convergent direction on the anterior wall; insertion 
into the anterior wall causes them to turn backward 
and parallel to the longitudinal axis of the recum- 
bent woman. 

leper (lep'-er) [Xewpos, scaly]. One affected with 
leprosy. 

lepidic (lep-id'-ik) [Keirls, a scale; a husk]. Applied 
to the tissues of lining membranes characterized by 
absence of definite stroma between the individual 
cells. 1. tumor, lepidoma, q. v. 

lepido- (lep-id-o-) [Xeiris, a scale]. A prefix sig- 
nifying a scale or scaly. 

lepidoma (lep-id-o' -mah) [Xe7ris, a husk]. A term 
proposed by Adami for a tumor springing from the 
tissue of a lining membrane and distinguished as 
epilepidoma, hypolepidoma, mesolepidoma, and 
endolepidoma, according to the origin of the neo- 
plasm from the epiblastic, hypoblastic, mesothelial, 
or endothelial structures. 

lepidoid (lep'-id-oid) [Xeiris, scale]. Having the 
appearance of a scale. Squamous. 

lepidoplastic (lep-id-o-plas'-tik) [Xeiris, scale; ttXcut- 
tretv, to form]. Forming scales. 

lepidoptera (lep-id-op'-ter-ah) \\eirls, scale; wrepov, 
a wing]. An order of insects distinguished by feather- 
like scales and spirally-coiled suctorial apparatus. 
The order includes butterflies and moths. 

lepidosarcoma (lep-id-o-sar-ko'-mah). A sarcoma 
covered with scales, occurring in the mouth. 

lepidosin (lep-id'-o-sin) [Keiris, scale]. A substance 
in the scales of fishes analogous to dentine. 

lepidosis (lep-id-o' -sis). Same as ichthyosis. Also 
a synonym of lepra and of pityriasis. 

lepine (le'-pen). An antiseptic fluid said to con- 
sist of mercuric chloride 0.00 1 Gm.; phenol and 
salicylic acid, each, 0.1 Gm.; benzoic acid and 
calcium chloride each, 0.05 Gm.; bromine, 0.01 Gm.; 
quinine hydrobromide, 0.2 Gm.; chloroform, 0.2 
Gm.; distilled water, 100 parts. 

lepocyte (lep'-o-slt) [Xe7ris, a scale, a husk; kvtos, 
a hollow], A nucleated cell possessing a cell-wall. 
Cf. gymnocyte. 

lepothrix (lep'-o-thriks) [Xeiros, a scale; 6pi£, a hair]. 



LEPRA 



506 



LESION 



A condition in which the hairs of the axillae or scrotum 
are incased in a sheath of hardened sebaceous matter. 

lepra (lep'-rah) [\eirpa, leprosy], i. Leprosy. 
2. A form of psoriasis. 1. anaesthetica, leprosy in 
which anesthesia predominates. 1. asturiensis, 
pellagra. 1. maculosa, the stage of true leprosy 
marked by the presence of pigment-spots. 1. mu- 
tilans, the final stage of true leprosy, marked by loss 
of members. 1. tuberculosa, a form of leprosy char- 
acterized by the presence of tubercles. 

lepraphobia. See leprophobia. 

leprelcosis (lep-r el-ko' -sis) [Keirpa, lepra; eX/ccoo-ts, 
ulceration]. Leprous ulceration. 

lepriasis (lep-ri'-as-is) [Keirpa, leprosy]. A syno- 
nym of leprosy and of psoriasis; an old term vaguely 
used to designate various scaly diseases of the skin. 

lepric (lep'-rik). Pertaining to lepra. 

leprid (lep'-rid). A skin-lesion of leprosy. 

leprolin (lep'-ro-lin). A vaccine used in the 
treatment of leprosy. 

leprologist (lep-rol'-o-jist) [Keirpa, leprosy; X670S, 
science]. An expert or specialist in leprology. 

leprology (lep-r ol'-o-je) [Keirpa, leprosy; X670S, 
science]. The special study of leprosy. 

leproma (lep-ro'-mah) [lepra]. The specific lesion 
of tubercular leprosy. 

leprophobia (lep-r o-fo'-be-ah) [Keirpa, leprosy; 
<j>68os, fear]. Morbid or insane dread of leprosy. 

leprophthalmia (lep-r off-thai' -me-ah) [Xk-irpa, leprosy; 
6<pdd\p.6s, the eye]. Ophthalmia of a leprous character. 

leprosarium (lep-r o-sa'-re-um) [L.]. A leper-house ; 
leprosery. 

leprosery (lep'-ro-ser-e) [Fr., leproserie]. Same as 
leprosarium. 

leprosis (lep-ro'-sis). Leprosy. 

leprosity (lep-ros'-it-e). Leprousness; the state of 
being leprous. 

leprosy (lep'-ro-se) [lepra]. An endemic, chronic, 
infectious disease, due to Bacillus leprae. Two 
forms of leprosy are described — a tubercular and an 
anesthetic form. The first begins with a well- 
defined erythema (macular leprosy), which is suc- 
ceeded by the formation of papules, and later of 
nodules, although in some cases the erythematous 
stage is followed by a disappearance of the pigment 
without nodulation (lepra alba). The nodules 
eventually break down and ulcerate. The anesthetic 
form begins with pains and hyperesthesia; a macular 
eruption appears, but later subsides, leaving spots of 
anesthesia; trophic lesions develop and lead to the 
loss of the fingers or toes, with marked deformity. 

leprotic, leprous (lep-r of -ik, lep'-rus). Affected 
with, or relating to, leprosy. 

leptandra (lep-tan'-drah) [Keirros, thin; avqp, male]. 
A former genus of plants. The leptandra of the U. S. 
P. is the rhizome and rootlets of Veronica virginica. 
Its properties are thought to be due to a glucoside 
leptandrin. It is tonic, laxative, and cholagogue, and 
is used in indigestion and chronic constipation. 
Syn., culver' s-root. L, extract of (extr actum leptandra, 
U. S. P.). Dose 1-3 gr. (0.065-0.2 Gm.). 1., fluid- 
extract of (fluidextr actum leptandra, U. S. P.). Dose 
20 min.-i dr. (1.3-4.0 Cc). 

leptandrin (lep-tan'-drin). See leptandra. 

lepthymenia (lep-thi-me' ne-ah) [Keirros, thin; 
vp.iiv, membrane]. Delicacy or thinness of mem- 
brane. 

lepto- (lep-to-) [Keirros, thin]. A prefix meaning 
thin. 

leptocephalia (lep-to-sef-a'-le-ah) [lepto-; Ke<paKri, 
head]. Abnormal smallness or narrowness of the 
skull. 

leptocephalic, leptocephalous (lep-to-sef-al'-ik, lep- 
to-sef'-al-us) [lepto-; Ke<paKri, head]. Having an 
abnormally small head. 

leptocephalus (lep-to-sef -al-us) [lepto-; Ke^aK-h, 
head]. A monster with an abnormally small head 
from premature union of the frontal and sphenoid 
bones. 

leptochasmus (lep-to-kaz'-mus) [lepto-; x <">>*<*, 
chasm]. Lissauer's term for a skull in which the 
angle formed by two lines drawn from the punctum 
alas vomeris to the posterior nasal spine and the 
anterior margin of the foramen magnum respectively 
is between 94 and 114 . 

leptochroa (lep-tok' -ro-ah) [lepto-; xp° a . skin]. 
Delicacy of the skin. 

leptochymia (lep-to-kim'-e-ah) [lepto-; xmos, juice]. 
Abnormal thinness or meagerness of the fluids of 
the body. 



leptodactylous (lep-to-dak'-til-us) [lepto-; 8o.ktv\os, 
digit]. Characterized by slenderness of the fingers 
or toes, or both. 

leptodermic, leptodermous (lep-to-der'-mik, lep-to- 
der'-mus) [lepto-; b'epp.a, skin]. Having a delicate 
skin. 

leptodontous (lep-to-don'-tus) [lepto-; 68ovs, tooth]. 
Having thin or slender teeth. 

leptomeninges (lep-to-men-in'-jes) [lepto-; p.rjvi.y£, 
a membrane]. The arachnoid and pia, or the pia 
alone. 

leptomeningitis (lep-to-men-in-ji'-tis) [lepto-; pyv- 
i/y£, membrane; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of 
the pia and arachnoid of the brain or the spinal cord. 

leptomeninx (lep-to-men'-ingks) [lepto-; p.r)vt,y£, 
membrane: pi., leptomeninges]. The pia or the arach- 
noid; in the plural (leptomeninges), usually the arach- 
noid and pia taken together. 

leptophonia (lep-to-fo' -ne-ah) [lepto-; (puv-q, voice]. 
Delicacy, gentleness, or weakness of the voice. 

leptophonic (lep-to-fon'-ik) [lepto-; <puvf], voice]. 
Having a weak voice. 

leptoprosope (lep-top'-ro-sop) [lepto-; irpoauirov, 
face]. A person, or a head, with a long, narrow face. 

leptoprosopia (lep-to-pro-so'-pe-ah) [lepto- ; irpoauirov, 
face]. Narrowness of the face. 

leptoprosopic, leptoprosopous (lep-to-pro-sop'-ik, 
lep-to-pros'-o-pus) [lepto-; irpoaairov, face]. Having 
a long, narrow face. 

leptorrhine (lep'-tor-in) [lepto-; pis, nose]. Having 
a slender nose or proboscis. 

leptorrhinia (lep-tor-in'-e-ah) [lepto-; pis, nose]. 
Narrowness of the nasal bones, or smallness of the 
nasal index. 

Leptothrix (lep'-to-thriks) [lepto-; 0pi£, hair]. A 
genus of bacteria, the elements of which form straight 
filaments, often of great length. L. buccalis. Syn., 
Leptothrix gigantea, Miller; Leptothrix pulmonalis; 
Rasmussenia buccalis, Saccardo. Found in the 
mouth of man and animals. Falsely considered the 
cause of dental caries. L. epidermidis. Syn., 
Bacillus epidermidis, Bizzozero ; Microsporon minutis- 
simum, Burchardt. Found on the epidermis between 
the toes, and held by Bizzozero to be nonpathogenic, 
but by Boeck to be the cause of erythrasma. L. 
gigantea, Miller. Found on the teeth of dogs, 
sheep, cattle, and other animals affected with pyor- 
rhoea alveolaris. Some consider it identical with 
L. buccalis. L. innominata. See L. buccalis. L. 
pulmonalis. See L. buccalis. L. vaginalis, found in 
the vagina of animals and women. L. variabilis, 
found in saliva of healthy persons. 

leptotrichia (lep-to-trik'-e-ah) [lepto-; dpi£, hair]. 
Abnormal or excessive fineness and delicacy of the 
hair. 

Leptus (lep'-tus) [Keirros, thin]. A genus of beetles. 
L. autumnalis, a parasite that burrows under the 
skin, causing lesions like the itch. Syn., harvesl-bug; 
mower's mite. 

leptynol (lep'-tin-ol). A preparation said to contain 
colloidal palladium hydroxide in liquid paraffin; 
it is said to be of value in reducing obesity. 

leptystic (lep-tis'-tik) [Keirrvveiv, to make thin]. 
Relating to or affected with emaciation. 

lerema (ler-e'-mah) [Kripr)p,a, idle talk; pi., leremata]. 
An idle or childish utterance, as in senility, idiocy, 
or dementia. 

leresis (ler-e'-sis) [Kriprjo-is, a speaking foolishly]. 
Garrulousness ; insane or senile loquacity. 

leros (le'-ros) [Kijpos, foolish speaking]. Slight 
delirium, with talkativeness. 

Lesbian love (lez'-be-an) [Lesbos, an island be- 
longing to Greece]. See tribadism. 

lesbianism (lez'-be-an-izm). The doctrine and prac- 
tice of Lesbian love. 

leschenema (les-ken-e'-mah) [\ko-xn, talk]. Insane, 
senile, or hysterical loquacity. 

lesion (le'-zhun) [lasio, an injury]. An injury, 
wound, or morbid structural change. 1., discharging, 
a brain lesion that causes sudden discharge of nervous 
motor impulses. 1., Ebstein's. See Ebstein's lesion. 
1., focal, in the nervous system, a circumscribed 
lesion giving rise to distinctive and localizing symp- 
toms. 1., functional, L, molecular, a very fine lesion, 
not discernible by the microscope or discoverable 
by chemistry, but causing loss or excess of functional 
activity and attributed to alteration of the molecular 
equilibrium of that part. 1., indiscriminate, one 
affecting two distinct systems. 1., initial, of syphilis, 
the chancre. 1., irritative, in the nervous system, a 



LESSER'S TRIANGLE 



507 



LEUKOCYTE 



lesion exciting the functions of the part wherein it is 
situated. 1., peripheral, a lesion of the nerve-trunks 
or of their terminations. L, primary, of the skin, 
the change in the skin occurring in the developing 
stage of a skin disease. 1., secondary, i. In the 
skin, the change occurring in the primary lesion, due 
to irritation or other causes. It comprises erosions, 
ulcers, rhagades, squamae, cicatrices or scars, crusts, 
and pigmentation. 2. One of the secondary mani- 
festations of syphilis. 1., structural, one working a 
manifest change in tissue. 1., systematic, one con- 
fined to a system of organs, with a common function. 
1., toxic, a change in the tissues due to sepsis. 1., 
vascular, a lesion of a blood-vessel. 

Lesser's triangle. A triangular space bounded 
above by the hypoglossal nerve, its sides being formed 
by the bellies of the digastric. 

Lesshaft's space (les'-haft) [Pyotr Frantsovich 
Lesshaft, Russian physician, 1839- J. A locus 
minoris resistentiae existing in the region of the twelfth 
rib in some individuals, which allows the pointing 
of an abscess or the protrusion of a hernia. It is 
bounded, in front, by the external oblique; behind, 
by the latissimus dorsi; above, by the serratus 
posticus inferior; and below, by the internal oblique. 
Syn., Lesshafti rhombus. 

lethal (le'-thal) [letum, or lethum, death]. Deadly; 
pertaining to or producing death. 

lethality (le-thal'-it-e) [lethalitas, from letum, 
death]. Deadliness. 

lethargic (leth-ar'-jik) [K-ndrj, a forgetting]. Re- 
lating to, affected with, or of the nature of, lethargy. 

lethargogenic (lelh-ar-go-jen'-ik). Giving rise to 
lethargy. 

lethargus (leth-ar'-gus). See African lethargy. 

lethargy (leth'-ar-je) [\r)dri, forgetfulness]. A con- 
dition of drowsiness or stupor that cannot be over- 
come by the will; also, a stage of hypnotism. 1., 
African. See African lethargy. 

lethe (le'-the) [Xijdrj, forgetfulness]. Total loss of 
memory; amnesia. 

letheomania (le-the-o-ma'-ne-ah) [\-qdr), oblivion; 
fxavLa, madness]. Morbid longing for narcotic drugs. 

letheon (le'-the-on) [K-qdij, forgetfulness]. An old 
trade name for ethylic ether, used as an anesthetic. 

lethiferous (leth-if'-er-us) [K-ndrj, forgetfulness; 
ferre, to bear]. Producing sleep or death. 

lethin (le'-thin). The proprietary name for an 
alcoholic solution of camphor, acetic acid, ethereal 
oils, and chloroform. 

lettuce {let' -us). See lactucarium. 

Leube Riegel test-dinner (loy'-beh re'-geV) [W. O. 
von Leube, German physician, 1842- ; F. Riegel, 

German physician, 1843- ]. A dinner to ascer- 
tain the condition of the secretory function of the 
stomach. It consists of 400 c.c. of beef-soup, 200 
grams of beefsteak, 50 grams of white bread, and 
200 c.c. of water. 

leucemia (lu-se'-me-ah). See leukemia. 

leuchemia (lu-ke'-me-ah). See leukemia. 

leucic (lu'-sik). Relating to or derived from 
leucin, as leucic acid. 

leucin (lu'-sin) [Xewcos, white], C6H13NO2. A sub- 
stance formed during pancreatic digestion, and also 
found in the urine, together with tyrosin, in acute 
yellow atrophy of the liver. Leucin crystallizes 
from the urine in the form of yellowish-brown balls. 
See Hofmeisier, Scherer. 

leucinosis (lu-sin-o'-sis). 1. Abnormally excessive 
proportion or production of leucin, as in the liver. 
2. Acute yellow atrophy of the liver. 

leucinuria (lu-sin-u'-re-ah) [leucin; ovpov, urine]. 
The occurrence of leucin in the urine. 

leucism, leucismus (lu'-sizm, lu-siz'-mus) [KevKos, 
white]. In biology, whiteness resulting from bleach- 
ing or etiolation; albinism. 

leucitis (lu-si'-tis). Same as scleritis. 

leuco- (lu-ko-). For words beginning thus see 
leuko-. 

leucohaemia. See leukemia. 

leucomaine (lu' -ko-man) . See leukomaine. 

leucomma. See leukoma. 

leucotoxic (lu-ko-toks'-ik). Destructive to leuko- 
cytes. 

leucotoxin (lic-ko-toks'-in) [leuko-; to£ik6v, poison]. 
A cytotoxin obtained by E. Metchnikoff from lym- 
phatic ganglia. Cf. hemotoxin, hepatotoxin, nephro- 
toxin, neurotoxin, spermatoxin, trichotoxin. 

Leudet's bruit {loo-da') [Theodore Emile Leudet, 
French physician, 182 5-1 887]. A fine crackling 



sound in the ear, audible to both the observer and the 
patient, in catarrhal and nervous affections of the 
ear. It is attributed to spasm of the external peri- 
staphylinus muscle. 

leukaethiopia (lu-ke-the-o'-pe-ah) [leuko-; Aldioxp, 
Ethiopian]. Albinism in an African. 

leukaethiops (lu-ke' -the-ops) [leuko-; AldLo\p, Ethi- 
opian]. Analbino of the black race. 

leukanemia (lu-kan-e'-me-ah) [leukemia; anemia], 
A blood disease having features of leukemia and 
marked anemia. 

leukangeitis (lu-kan-je-i'-tis). Synonym of lymph- 
angitis, q. v. 

leukasmus (lu-kaz'-mus). See leukoderma. 1., 
acquired. See leukoderma. 1., congenital. See al- 
binismus. 

leukemia (lu-ke'-me-ah) [\cvk6s, white; alpa, blood]. 
A disease of the blood and the blood-making organs, 
characterized by a permanent increase in the number 
of white blood-corpuscles and by enlargement of the 
spleen, the lymphatic glands, and the marrow of 
bone, together or separately. The etiology is ob- 
scure; by some the disease is considered to be in- 
fectious. 1., acute, a generally fatal form, charac- 
terized by rapid development, high temperature, 
great enlargement of the spleen and lymphatics, and 
softening of the bone-marrow, leukaemia cutis, 
1. of the skin, a state of the skin characterized by 
formation of lymphatic enlargements of its deeper 
layers, leukaemia lienalis, splenic leukemia. 1., 
lienomedullary, 1., lienomyelogenous. See I., spleno- 
medullary. 1., lymphatic, the most common form, 
characterized by enlargement of the lymphatic 
glands, with perhaps slight changes in the spleen. 
1., medullary, 1., myelogenous, 1., osseous, 1., poly- 
morphocyte, a form in which the tissue of the bone- 
marrow is principally affected and obliteration of 
many of the small blood-vessels takes place. Syn., 
myelemia. 1., pseudo-, 1., pseudosplenic. See pseu- 
doleukemia. 1., splenic, that in which the blood- 
changes are principally due to disorders of the 
spleen. 1., splenomedullary, the form characterized 
by excessive enlargement of the spleen and prolifera- 
tion of the marrow of the bones without manifest 
change in the lymphatic glands. 

leukemic (lu-kem'-ik or lu-ke'-mik) [leukemia]. 
Pertaining to leukemia. 

leukethiopia (lu-ke-the-o'-pe-ah) [Xeu/cos, white; 
AlBlo\p, Ethiopian]. Albinism in an African. 

leukine (lit' -kin). An endocellular bactericidal 
substance found in leukocytes ; an endolysin. 

leuko- (lu-ko-) [XevKos, white]. A prefix meaning 
white. 

leukoblast (lu' -ko-blast) [leuko-; ffKaaros, a germ]. 
1. The germ of a leukocyte. 2. A cell in bone- 
marrow, of a type which is believed to develop into a 
red blood-corpuscle. 

leukochroos, leukochrus (lii-kok'-ro-os, lu-kok'-rus) 
[leuko-; xp^s, skin]. Having a white skin. 

leukocidin (lu-ko' -sid-in) [leukocyte; ccedere, to 
kill]. A cytolytic toxin capable of destroying leuko- 
cytes. See hemotoxin (2). 

leukocrystallin (lu-ko-kris'-tal-in) [leuko-; KpvaraX- 
\os, clear ice]. Peculiar crystals occasionally found 
in the blood of leukemic patients. 

leukocyte (lu'-ko-sit) [leuko-; kItos, cell]. The 
colorless or white corpuscle of the blood. Leuko- 
cytes have ameboid movement and are formed in the 
lymphadenoid tissue of the spleen, lymphatic glands, 
intestinal tract, bone-marrow, etc., and probably 
also in the lymph and blood. Their average diameter 
is 0.0 1 mm. (Wtro inch). In normal blood several 
forms are distinguished : lymphocytes, large uni- 
nuclear leukocytes, transitional forms, and multi- 
nuclear cells; according to the granules contained in 
their protoplasm, three varieties are described — the 
neutrophil, the eosinophil, and the basophil, l.s, 
Ehrlich's theory concerning, all varieties may be 
classed into two groups having separate origins, 
functions, and relations. The first group would 
comprise all lymphocytes, which are produced solely 
by the lymphatic tissues; and the second, the mono- 
nuclear leukocytes and transitional forms, the 
polynuclear neutrophils, the eosinophils, and the 
basophils, all of which cells are produced exclusively 
by the marrow. 1., polymorphonucleic, 1., poly- 
nuclearneutrophilic, one derived primarily from 
lymphocytes and secondarily from a myelocyte; 
originating in red bone-marrow, in the lymph-glands, 
or spleen, l.s, polymorphous, l.s, polynuclear, cells 



LEUKOCYTHEMIA 



508 



LEUKOPSIN 



in which the nucleus is either lobed or made up of 
several portions united by such delicate nuclear 
filaments as to give the impression of a multinucleated 
cell in distinction to mononuclear, eosinophil, and 
neutrophil leukocytes and lymphocytes. 1., Uskow's 
theory concerning, all leukocytes except the baso- 
philic cells are but different developmental stages of 
the same cell. The youngest form of leukocyte, 
the small lymphocyte, originates in the lymph-glands, 
the lymphocytic bone-marrow, and the spleen. 

leukocythemia (lii-ko-si-the'-me-ah). See leukemia. 

leukocythemic {lu-ko-si-the' '-mik) [leuko-; kvtos, 
cell; alfia, blood]. Pertaining to leukemia. 

leukocytic (lu-ko-sit'-ik) [leukocyte]. Relating to 
or characterized by leukocytes. 

leukocytogenesis (lu-ko-si-to-jen'-es-is) [leukocyte ; 
yewav, to beget]. The formation of leukocytes. 

leukocytoid (lu'-ko-si-toyd) [leukocyte; eWos, re- 
semblance]. Resembling a leukocyte. 

leukocytolysin (lu-ko-si-tol'-is-in) [see leukocyto- 
sis]. A cytolysin produced by inoculation with 
leukocytes. 

leukocytolysis (lii-ko-si-tol'-is-is) [leukocyte; Xdo-is, 
solution]. The destruction of leukocytes. 

leukocytolytic (lu-ko-si-to-lit'-ik). Relating to the 
destruction of leukocytes. 

leukocytoma (lu-ko-si-to'-mah) [leukocyte; op.a, 
tumor]. A tumor-like mass composed of leukocytes, 
as the tubercle, the gumma, etc. 

leukocytometer (Jiu-ko-si-tom'-et-er) [leukocyte; p.kr- 
pov, a measure]. A graduated capillary tube used for 
counting leukocytes. 

leukocytopenia (lu-ko-si-to-pe'-ne-ah). See leuko- 
penia. 

leukocytoplania. See leukoplania. 

leukocytosis (lu-ko-si-to'-sis) [leukocyte]. An in- 
crease in the number of colorless blood-corpuscles in 
the blood. It is physiological during digestion and 
pregnancy; pathologic in certain anemias, especially 
leukemia, in some of the infectious fevers, in cachexias, 
and after hemorrhage. 1., inflammatory, that in 
which the lymph is concentrated in the cells while the 
blood is normal. 1., pure, a leukocytosis in which 
the increase of white cells affects the multinuclear 
form. 

leukocytotaxis (lu-ko-si-to-tak'-sis). See leuko- 
taxis. 

leukocytotic (lu-ko-si-tot'-ik) [leuko-; kvtos, cell]. 
Pertaining to leukocytosis. 

leukocytozoa (lu-ko-si-to-zo'-ah) [leukocyte; $$ov, 
animal]. Infusorian parasites of the white blood- 
corpuscles. 

leukocyturia (lii-ko-si-tu'-re-ah) [leuko-; kvtos, 
cell; olpov, urine]. The presence of colorless blood- 
corpuscles in the urine. 

leukoderma (lu-ko-der'-mah) [leuko-; 5epp.a, skin]. 
A condition of defective pigmentation of the skin, 
especially a congenital absence of pigment in patches 
or bands. See achroma, albinism. 1., acquired, 
vitiligo. 

leukodermic (lu-ko-der'-mik) [leuko-; depfia, skin]. 
Exhibiting or pertaining to leukoderma. 

leukodiagnosis (lu-ko-di-ag-no'-sis) [leukocyte ; diag- 
nosis], A method of diagnosis by examining the 
leukocytes. Specifically used in the diagnosis of 
cancer. 

leukodontous (lu-ko-don'-tus) [leuko-; 686vs, tooth]. 
Having white teeth. 

leukoencephalitis (lu-ko-en-sef-al-i'-tis) [leuko-; 
eyKk<pa\os, brain]. An epizootic disease of horses 
characterized by drowsiness, imperfect vision, partial 
paralysis of the throat, twitching of the muscles of 
the shoulder, unsteady gait, and softening of the white 
substance of the frontal lobes; also called forage 
poisoning. 

leukogasterous (lu'-ko-gas'-ter-us) [leuko-; yaarrip, 
belly]. White-bellied. 

leukogene (lu'-ko-jen) [leuko-; yew&p, to beget]. 
A substance containing sodium bisulphite, used 
as a bleaching agent. 

leukohemia (lu-ko-hem'-e-ah). See leukemia. 

leukohemic (lu-ko-hem'-ik). See leukemic. 

leukokeratosis {lu-ko-ker-at-o'-sis). See leuko- 
plakia. 

leukol, leukolin (lii'-kol, lu'-ko-lin). Quinolin, q. v. 

leukolysis (lu-kol'-is-is). See leukocytolysis. 

leukolytic. See leukocytolytic. 

leukoma (Jlu-ko'-mah) [KevKos, white]. i. An 
opacity of the cornea the result of an ulcer, wound, 
or inflammation, and presenting an appearance of 



ground glass. 2. The term has also been used for 
albumin. See leukoplakia. 

leukomaine (lu-ko'-mah-en) [\cvk6s, white]. The 
name applied ,to any one of the nitrogenous bases 
or alkaloids normally developed by the metabolic 
activity of living organisms, as distinguished from 
the alkaloidal bodies developed in dead bodies, 
and called ptomaines. From their chemical affinities 
leukomaines may be divided into two groups — the 
uric-acid group, comprising adenine, carnine, guanine, 
heteroxanthine, hypoxanthine, paraxanthine, pseudo- 
xan thine, spermine, xanthine; and the creatinine 
group, in which are classed amphicreatinine, craso* 
creatinine, xanthocreatinine, and others. 

leukomainemia {lu-ko-ma-in-e'-me-ah) [leukomaine; 
alp.a, blood]. The presence of leukomaines in the 
blood; the retention or imperfect elimination of the 
various excretory products of the living cells of the 
organism. 

leukomainic {lu-ko-ma-in'-ik). Pertaining to, or 
of the nature of, a leukomaine. 

leukomatoid (Jlu-ko'-mat-oid). See leukomatous. 

leukomatorrhea (lu-ko-mat-or-e'-ah) [leuko- ;^ fata, 
a flow]. An excessive whitish secretion. 1. salivalis, 
salivation. 1. urinalis, albuminuria. 1. vaginalis, 
leukorrhea. 

leukomatosis {lu-ko-mat-o'-sis) [leuko-; voaos, 
disease]. Abnormal increase of albumin in a part, 
as in the cornea, the lens, the joints; also amyloid 
degeneration. 

leukomatous (lu-ko'-mat-us) [leukoma]. Having 
he nature of or affected with leukoma. 

leukomyelitis (lil-ko-mi-el-i'-tis) [leuko-; fiveKos, 
marrow; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the 
white substance of the spinal cord. 

leukomyelopathy {lu-ko-mi-el-op'-ath-e) [leuko-; 
p.ve\bs, marrow; iraBos, disease]. Any disease of the 
white substance of the myelon or spinal cord. 

leukonecrosis (lu-ko-ne-kro'-sis) [leuko-; necrosis], 
A form of dry gangrene, the slough having a light 
color. 

Leukonostoc (lil-ko-nos'-tok) [leuko-; Nostoc], A 
genus of schizomycetes having its elements disposed 
in chains and enveloped in a sheath of tough jelly. 

leukonuclein (lu-ko-nu'-kle-in). A decomposition- 
product of nucleohiston by action of hydrochloric 
acid. 

leukonychia (lu-kon-ik'-e-ah) [leuko-; 8vv£, nail].. 
A whitish discoloration of the nails owing to the 
presence of air beneath them. 

leukopathic (.lu-ko-path'-ik) [leuko-; iraOos, disease]. 
Relating to or affected with leukopathia. 

leukopathy, leukopathia (lu-kop'-ath-e, lu-ko-pa'- 
the-ah) [leuko-; iraOos, suffering]. Any deficiency of 
coloring-matter; albinism. See leukoderma. 

leukopenia (lil-ko-pe'-ne-ah) [leuko-; irevla, poverty], 
A decrease below the normal standard in the number 
of leukocytes in the peripheral blood. 

leukophlegmasia (lu-ko-fleg-ma'-ze-ah) [leuko-; 
<t>\kyp.a, inflammation], i. A condition marked by a 
tendency to dropsy, accompanied by a pale flabby 
skin and general edema of the whole body; solid 
edema. 2. Phlegmasia alba dolens. 1. dolens 
puerperarum, phlegmasia alba dolens. 

leukophthalmous (lu-koff-thal'-mus) [leuko-; 6<p6a\- 
juos, eye]. Having unusually white eyes. 

leukopin (lu'-ko-pin). Visual white, produced 
from rhodopsin by the action of light. 

leukoplakia {lu-ko-pla'-ke-ah) [leuko-; irXat, sur- 
face]. Whitening of a surface. 1. buccalis, 1. 
lingualis, a disease characterized by the presence 
of pearly-white or bluish-white patches on the 
surface of the tongue or the mucous membrane of 
the cheeks, due to a hyperplasia of the epithelium. 

leukoplania {lu-ko-pla'-ne-ah) [leuko-; ir\avrj, a 
wandering]. The wandering of leukocytes or their 
passage through a membrane. 

leukoplasia (lu-ko-pla'-ze-ah). See leukoplakia. 

leukoplast, leukoplastid {lu-ko-plasf , lu-ko-plast'- 
id) [leuko-; irhaoaeiv, to form]. A starch-forming, 
colorless, protein bodies found in cells not exposed 
to light; amyloplast. 

leukopoiesis (lil-ko-poy-e'-sis) [leuko-; iroUiv, to 
make]. The formation of leukocytes. 

leukoprotease (lii-ko-pro'-te-as). An enzyme of 
the polymorphonuclear leukocytes capable of prote- 
olytic digestion in any except an acid medium. 

leukopsin (lu-kop'-sin) [leuko-; Sfis, sight]. Visual 
white, produced from rhodopsin by the action of 
light. 



LEUKORRHAGIA 



509 



LEYDEN-MOEBIUS' TYPE 



leukorrhagia (lu-kor-a'-je-ah) [leuko-; priyvbvai, to 
burst forth]. An excessive leukorrheal flow. 

leukorrhea (lu-kor-e'-ah) [leuko-; poia, a flow]. A 
whitish, mucopurulent discharge from the female 
genital canal, popularly called "the whites." 

leukorrheal (lu-kor-e'-al) [leukorrhea]. Of the 
nature of or pertaining to leukorrhea. 

leukosarcoma (lu-ko-sar-ko'-mah) [leuko-; sarcoma]. 
A nonpigmented sarcoma. 

leukosin (lu'-ko-sin) [leuko-]. A principle said by 
some to be present in asthma-crystals, and in crystals 
found in the blood in certain cases of leukemia. 

leukosis (lu-ko'-sis) [Xewcos, white], i. Any disease 
of the lymphatics. 2. Abnormal pallor of the skin. 
3. The development and progress of leukoma. 

leukotactic (lii-ko-tak'-tik) [leuko-; regis, arrange- 
ment]. Relating to leuko taxis. 

leukotaxis (lu-ko-taks'-is). The arranging and 
ordering function of leukocytes. 

leukotic (lu-kot'-ik) [leuko-]. Relating to leukoma. 

leukotin (lu-ko'-tin) [leuko-], C21H20O6. A crystal- 
line substance found in Paracoto; it is soluble in 
alcohol, ether, and chloroform. 

leukotoxic (lil-ko-toks'-ik). Destructive to leuko- 
cytes. 

leukotoxin (lu-ko-toks'-in) [leuko-; to£ik6v, poison]. 
A cytotoxin obtained by Metchnikoff from lymphatic 
ganglia. 

leukotrichia (lii-ko-trik'-e-ah) [leuko-; Opl%, hair]. 
Whiteness of the hair; canities. 

leukotrichous (lu-kot'-rik-us) [leuko-; 0pi£, hair]. 
White-haired. 

leukourobilin (lu-ko-u-ro-bil'-in) [leuko-; olpov, 
urine; bills, bile]. A colorless decomposition-product 
of bilirubin. 

leukous (lu'-kus) [leuko-]. White. 

leukozon (lu'-ko-zon). A disinfecting powder 
consisting of approximately equal parts of calcium 
perborate and talcum. 

leukuresis (lu-ku-re'-sis) [leuko-; otpov, urine]. 
Albuminuria. 

leusin (lu'-sin) . See leucin. 

Levaditi method (lev-ah-de'-te) [Constantin Leva- 
diti, French physician]. A modification of Cajal's 
method of staining nerve-fibers used for staining the 
Treponema pallidum in sections; a solution of silver 
nitrate is used, which stains the treponema a dense 
black. 

Levant wormseed. See santonica. 

levator (le-va'-tor) [L., "a lifter": pi., levatores]. 
1. That which raises or elevates, as certain muscles. 
See muscles, table of. 2. An instrument used for 
raising a depressed portion of the skull. 

lever (le'-ver) [levare, to elevate]. 1. A vectis or 
one-armed tractor, used in obstetrics. 2. A dental 
instrument, used in lifting out decayed stumps. 
1., Davy's, an aorta-compressor. It is a wooden bar, 
which is introduced into the rectum. 

levicellular (lev-e-sel'-u-lar) [levis, smooth; cellula, 
cell]. Smooth-celled, as a levicellular myoma, or a 
levicellular muscle-fiber. 

levico-ochre (lev-ik-o-o'-ker). A mud containing 
iron and arsenic, obtained from the springs at Levico 
in the Tyrol. It is applied in the form of a hot 
poultice in chronic inflammation. 

levigable (lev'-ig-a-bl) [Icevigare, to make smooth]. 
Susceptible of being levigated, or reduced to fine 
powder by a mechanical process. 

levigate (lev'-ig-at) [Icevigare, to make smooth]. 
1. To reduce to a fine powder by rubbing or grinding; 
to triturate. 2. Smooth. 3. Uniform: applied to 
the reddening in skin diseases. 

levigation (lev-ig-a'-shun) [Icevigare, to make 
smooth]. The trituration of a substance made into 
a paste with water or other liquid. When performed 
with a muller on a slab of porphyry it is called 
porphyrization. 

Levis's splint (le'-vis). A perforated metal splint 
extending from below the elbow almost to the distal 
ends of the metacarpal bones. It is hollowed to 
fit the forearm and palm, and the metacarpal joints 
are flexed over it. 

Levisticum (lev-is' -tik-um). A genus of plants 
containing but one species, L. officinale, indigenous 
to middle Europe. The root, plant, and fruit are 
diuretic and are used in dropsy and amenorrhea. Dose 
of fluidextract 15-60 min. (0.0-3.7 Cc). See lavage. 

levitation (lev-it-a'-shun) [levitas, lightness]. 1. The 
pretended elevation of the body into the air without 
support, a feat professedly performed by various 



modern thaumaturgists. 2. The subjective sense 
of being aloft, and without support; a symptom in 
certain cases of insanity. 

levity (lev'-it-e) [levitas, lightness]. The antithesis 
of gravity. 

levoduction (lev-o-duk'-shun) [Icevus, left; ducere, to 
lead]. The movement of the eye to the left. 

levoglucosan (lev-o-glu'-ko-san) [Icevus, left; y\vicv%, 
sweet]. A derivative of picein obtained by heating 
the latter with baryta. 

levoglucose (le-vo-glu'-kos). Levulose. 

levogyrate (le-vo-ji'-rat). See levorotatory. 

levophoria (le-vo-fo'-re-ah) [Icevus, left; <pepeiv, to 
bear]. A tending of the visual lines to the left. 

levorotatory (le-vo-ro'-tat-o-re) [Icevus, left; rotare, 
to turn]. Causing to turn toward the left hand: 
applied to substances that turn the rays of polarized 
light to the left. 

levotorsion (le-vo-tor'-shun) [Icevus, left; torquere, to 
twist]. A turning or twisting toward the left. 

levoversion (le-vo-ver'-shun). See levotorsion. 

Levret's law (lev-ra') [Andre Levret, French 
obstetrician, 1 703-1 780]. Marginal insertion of the 
umbilical cord in placenta praevia. 

levulan (lev'-u-lan) [Icevus, left], C6H10O5. An 
anhydride of levulose obtained from beet-sugar 
molasses. 

levulin (lev'-u-lin) [Icevus, left]. A carbohydrate 
identical with synanthrose, occurring in immature 
grain and the tubers of certain composite flowers. 

levulinic acid (lev-u-lin'-ik). See acid, levulinic. 

levulosan (lev-u-lo'-san) [levulose], C6H10O5. A 
carbohydrate prepared by heating levulose. 

levulose (lev'-u-los) [Icevus, left], C6H12O6. Fruit- 
sugar, the natural sugar of fruits. It is a colorless, 
syrupy liquid, and rotates the plane of polarized light 
to the left. It occurs normally in the intestine, and 
rarely in the urine in disease. See invert-sugar. 

levulosemia (lev-u-lo-se'-me-ah) [levulose; alp.a, 
blood]. The presence of levulose in the blood. 

levulosuria (lev-u-lo-su'-re-ah) [levulose; ovpov, 
urine]. The presence of levulose in the urine. 

levuretin (lev-u' -re-tin) [Fr., levure, yeast]. A 
preparation of dried brewers' yeast used in skin 
diseases. Dose 1 teaspoonful (5 Cc.) in milk 3 times 
daily. 

levurin (lev'-u-rin) [see levuretin]. A dried extract 
of beer-yeast; used in cases of sepsis. Dose 1 tea- 
spoonful (5 Cc.) 3 times daily. 

Lewin's erythema of the larynx (lu'-in). Simply 
syphilitic catarrh of the larynx. 

lewinin (lu'-in-in) [after Dr. Lewin], A local 
anesthetic resin from kava. 

Lewisohn's method of blood transfusion (loo'-is-on) 
[Richard Lewisohn, American physician]. A method 
of blood transfusion, in which a 10 per cent, solution 
of sodium citrate is used to prevent coagulation during 
the process. 

lexipharmac (leks-if-ar'-mak) [Xt?£«, cessation; 
tpa.pp.aKov, poison]. An alexipharmac. 

lexipyretic (leks-ip-i-ret'-ik) [X^fts, cessation; 
■nvperds, fever]. 1. Febrifugal; antipyretic. 2. A 
febrifugal medicine. 

Leyden battery (li'-den) [Leyden, a town in Hol- 
land]. A series of Leyden jars connected tandem. 
L. jar, a glass jar coated within and without with 
tin-foil, reaching nearly to the neck, and surmounted 
by a knobbed conductor in connection with the inner 
coating. It is designed for the temporary accumu- 
lation of electricity, with which the inner foil may be 
charged. 

Leyden's ataxia (li'-den) [Ernst Victor von Leyden, 
German physician, 1832-1910]. Pseudotabes. L.'s 
cells, large, mononuclear epithelioid cells found in 
the anterior horns of the spinal cord in cases of an- 
terior poliomyelitis. They are also met in other 
inflammatory affections of the cord. L.'s crystals. 
See Char cot- Leyden's crystals. L.'s neuritis, a 
variety of neuritis in which the nerve-fibers are re- 
placed by fatty tissue. Syn., lipomalous neuritis. 
L.'s sign, in cases of subphrenic pyopneumothorax 
manometric observation shows that the pressure in 
the abscess-cavity rises during inspiration and falls 
during expiration. The reverse was held by Leyden 
to occur in true pneumothorax. 

Leyden-Charcot's crystals. See Char cot-Ley den' s 
crystals. 

Leyden-Moebius' type of progressive muscular 
atrophy. A type commencing in the calves and 
often assuming the character of Duchenne's paralysis. 



LEYDENIA GEMMIPARA 



510 



LIFE 



Leydenia gernmipara (li-de'-ne-ah jem-ip'-ar-ah) 
[see Leyden's ataxia]. The large round or poly- 
morphous cells with lively ameboid movement dis- 
covered by v. Leyden in the ascitic fluid in cancer 
patients. 

Leydig's cells (li'-dig) [Franz von Leydig, German 
anatomist, 1821-1908]. See Rente's cells. L.'s 
duct, the Wolffian duct. 

L. F. A. Abbreviation denoting the left fronto- 
anterior position of the fetus in utero. 

L. F. P. Abbreviation denoting the left fronto- 
posterior position of the fetus in utero. 

L. F. P. S. Abbreviation for Licentiate of the 
Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons (of Glasgow). 

Li. The chemical symbol of lithium. 

lianthral (li-an'-thral). A proprietary preparation 
said to be an extract of coal-tar and casein. 

liantrol (li-an'-trol). A coal-tar preparation, used 
externally in cases of eczema. 

libanotus (lib-an-o'-tus) [Xi/Sewos, frankincense]. 
An old name for olibanum. 

libanus (lib'-an-us) [Xi'/3aj/os, frankincense]. Frank- 
incense, or olibanum. 

liberation (lib-er-a'-shun) [liber are, to make free]. 
The act of freeing. 1. of the arms, in breech-presenta- 
tions, the bringing down of the arms of the fetus when 
they have become extended along the sides of the 
child's head. 

liberomotor (lib-er-o-mo'-tor) [liberare, to disen- 
gage; motor, mover]. Setting free or disengaging 
motor energy. 

libidinous (lib-id' -in-us) [libidinosus, lustful]. 
Characterized by strong sexual desire. 

libido (lib-i'-do) [L.]. Desire; lust. 1. intestini, 
desire for defecation. 1. sexualis, lust. 1. urinae, 
desire to urinate. 

libra (li'-brah) [libra, a balance]. A pound. A 
weight of twelve troy ounces, or 5760 grains. Also, 
applied to the avoirdupois pound of sixteen ounces, 
or 7000 grains. 

libradol (lib'-rad-ol). The proprietary name for a 
soft, greenish ointment recommended for relief of 
pain. 

lice (lis). Plural of louse. See pediculus. 

license (li'-sens) [licentia, license]. An official 
permit or authority conferring on the recipient the 
right and privilege of exercising his profession. 

licentiate (li-sen'-she-at) [licentiatus, one licensed]. 
A term sometimes applied to a person who practises 
a profession by the authority of a license. 

lichen (li'-ken) [Keixhv, a lichen]. A generic term 
for a group of inflammatory affections of the skin 
in which the lesions consist of solid papules. 1. 
acuminatus, a variety of lichen ruber in which the 
papules are acuminate. It is usually very acute, and 
is accompanied by grave constitutional symptoms 
(rigors, pyrexia, sweats, prostration) and by itching. 
1. agrius, eczema papulosum. 1. disseminatus, a 
form with scattered lesions. 1. pilaris, an inflamma- 
tory disease of the hair-follicles in which a spinous 
epidermic peg occupies the center of the papules. 
1. planus, an inflammatory skin disease, with an 
eruption made up of papules that are broad and angu- 
lar at the base, flat and apparently glazed on the sum- 
mit, slightly umbilicated, and of a dull, purplish- 
red color. The papules may be discrete or may coal- 
esce, and itching may be slight or severe. 1. ruber, 
a rare skin disease, with lesions consisting in the be- 
ginning, of discrete, miliary, conical papules, but, as 
the disease advances, becoming aggregated and form- 
ing continuous red, infiltrated, and scaly patches. 
The whole surface may eventually become involved. 
The nails of the fingers and toes become affected, 
being of a dirty-brown color, rough, flaky, and break- 
ing off short. The etiology and pathology are 
obscure. 1. scrofulosus, a form occurring in strumous 
children. The eruption is situated on the trunk, 
especially upon the back, either diffusely or in 
patches. The papules are very small, pale, conical, 
and surmounted by fine scales; they cause no itching, 
and on fading leave a rather persistent yellowish 
pigmentation. 1. strophulosus. See strophulus. 1. 
tropicus, prickly heat. 

licheniasis (li-ken-i' -as-is) . 1. The formation of 
lichen. 2. The condition of one affected by one of 
the forms of lichen. 1. strophulus. See strophulus. 

lichenification (li-ken-i-fi-ka' -shun) . The change of 
an eruption into a form resembling lichen. 

lichenin (li'-ken-in), CeHioOo or C12H20O10. Moss- 
starch; a starch-like body found in lichens. Iodine 



imparts a dirty-blue color to it. It is insoluble in 
cold water, but forms a jelly with hot water. See 
cetraria. 

lichenization (li-ken-i-za'-shun). The develop- 
ment of lesions of lichen. 

lichenoid (li'-ken-oid) [lichen; eldos, like]. Re- 
sembling lichen. 

licorice (lik'-or-is). See glycyrrhiza. 

lid. See eyelid. 

Lieben's test for acetone in urine (modified by 
Ralfe) (le'-ben) [Adolf Lieben, Austrian chemist,. 
1836- ]. Dissolve 20 gr. of potassium iodide in 
a dram of solution of potassium hydroxide and boil; 
then carefully float the urine on its surface in a test- 
tube. A precipitation of phosphates occurs at the 
point of contact which, in the presence of acetone, 
will become yellow and studded with yellow points 
of iodoform. 

Lieberkuehn's ampulla (le'-ber-kin) [Johann Na- 
thaniel Lieberkuehn, German anatomist, 1711-1756]. 
A cavity that was supposed by Lieberkuehn to exist 
in an intestinal villus and to communicate at the apex 
with the lumen of the intestine and at the base 
with the lacteals. L.'s crypts, L.'s follicles, L.'s 
glands, minute tubular glands in the mucosa of the 
large and small intestine. 

Liebermann's test for proteids (le'-ber-man) [Leo 
von Szentlorincz Liebermann, Austrian physician, 
1852- ]. Wash the proteid with alcohol and 
ether, and treat with fuming hydrochloric acid; a 
beautiful violet-blue coloration is produced. 

Liebermann-Burchard's test for cholesterin (W- 
ber-man-boork'-hart). Allow the substance to dis- 
solve in acetic anhydride, then add a few drops of 
concentrated sulphuric acid, when a beautiful violet 
coloration is produced, changing quickly to green if 
cholesterin is present. 

Liebig's extract (le'-big) [Baron Justus von Liebig r 
German chemist, 1803-1873]- A variety of beef- 
extract. L.'s test for cystin, boil the substance with 
caustic alkali containing lead oxide. In the presenc- 
of cystin a precipitate of black lead sulphide is 
formed. 

lien (li'-en) [L.]. The spleen. 1. accessorius, 
accessory spleen. 

lienaden (li-en'-ad-en) [lien; &dv", gland]. The 
proprietary name of a preparation made from the 
spleen of animals. 

lienal (li'-en-al) [lien]. Relating to the spleen. 

lienculus (li-en' -kii-lus) [dim. of lien]. A detached 
part or exclave of the spleen. 

lienic (li-en'-ik) [lien, a spleen]. Pertaining to the 
spleen. 

lienitis (li-en-i'-tis) [lien; ins, inflammation]. 
Splenitis. 

lieno- (li-en-o-) [lien]. A prefix meaning relating 
to the spleen. 

lienocele (li-en'-o-sel) [lien, a spleen; /07X17, hernia]. 
Hernia of some part or of all of the spleen. 

lienointestinal (li-en-o-in-tes' -tin-al) [lieno-; in- 
testine]. Relating to the spleen and intestine. 

lienomalacia (li-en-o-mal-a'-she-ah) [lieno- ; /xaXa/cia, 
softening]. Morbid softening of the spleen. 

lienomedullary (li-en-o-med'-ul-ar-e). See lieno- 
myelogenous. 

lienomyelogenous (li-en-o-mi-el-oj'-en-us) [lieno- ; 
nve\6s, marrow; yewav, to produce]. Derived from 
both spleen and marrow. 

lienomyelomalacia (li-en-o-mi-el-o-mal-a'-she-ah) 
[lieno-; fivekos, marrow; nahaida, softening]. Soften- 
ing of the spleen and bone-marrow. 

lienopancreatic (li-en-o-pan-kre-at'-ik). Relating 
to the spleen and pancreas. 

lienorenal (li-en-o-re'-nal) [lieno-; ren, kidney]. 
Relating to the spleen and the kidney. 

lienteric (li-en-ter'-ik) [lientery]. Pertaining to or 
affected with lientery. 

lientery (li'-en-ter-e) [Xeios, smooth; ivrepov, intes- 
tine]. A form of diarrhea in which the food passes 
rapidly through the bowel without undergoing 
digestion. 

lienunculus (li-en-un' -ku-lus) [dim. of lien]. A 
detached part of the spleen. 

Lieutaud's body (lu-to') [Joseph Lieutaud, French 
physician, 1703-1780]. Same as L.'s triangle. 
L.'s sinus. The straight sinus. L.'s triangle, the 
trigonum vesicae. L.'s uvula. A longitudinal mesial 
ridge in the trigone of the bladder. 

life (llf) [AS., llf]. 1. The sum of properties that 
enables an organism to adapt itself to surrounding 



LIGAMENT 



511 



LIGAMENT 



conditions. 2. The characteristic phenomena mani- 
fested by living beings. 3. The force or principle 
underlying or causing the phenomena presented by 
organized beings. 4. The period between birth and 
death. 1., animal, the manifestations depending 
directly on the cerebrospinal nervous system and 
the voluntary muscles, as distinguished from vegeta- 
tive life — that is, the functions of digestion, respira- 
tion, reproduction, etc. 1., antenatal, the life of the 
fetus before birth. 1., change of, that period in the 
life of a woman at which menstruation ceases. Syn., 
climacteric; menopause. 1., embryonic, the period 
beginning with the differentiation of the blastoderm 
and ending about the end of the second month. 
1., expectation of, the average number of years which 
a person may expect to live, as calculated from life- 
tables. 

ligament, ligamentum (lig'-am-ent, lig-am-en' -turn) 
[ligare, to bind]. 1. A band of flexible, compact 
connective tissue connecting the articular ends of 
the bones, and sometimes enveloping them in a 
capsule. 2. Certain folds and processes of the 
peritoneum. L, accessory, one that strengthens 
another. 1., acromioclavicular, a ligament covering 
the acromioclavicular articulation and extending 
from the clavicle to the acromial process of the 
scapula. 1., adipose, the mucous ligament of the 
knee-joint. 1., alar. 1. One of the two folds of 
synovial membrane on each side of the mucous liga- 
ment of the knee-joint. 2. See L, odontoid. 1., 
annular (of ankle), the broad ligament covering 
the anterior surface of the ankle-joint. 1., annular 
(of wrist), a strong ligament extending from the 
trapezium to the unciform bone, confining the flexor 
tendons. 1., arcuate, one of the arched ligaments 
extending from the body of the diaphragm to the 
last rib and to the transverse process of the first 
lumbar vertebra. 1., atloaxoid, that joining the atlas 
and the axis. 1., atlooccipital, that joining the atlas 
and the occiput, l.s, auricular, three ligaments 
uniting the external ear to the head, ligamentum 
bifurcatum, the Y-ligament. 1. of Bigelow. See 
I., iliofemoral. 1., broad. 1. A fold of peritoneum 
extending laterally from the uterus to the pelvic wall. 
2. A ligament supporting the liver. 1., capsular, a 
heavy fibrous structure surrounding an articulation, 
and lined by synovial membrane. 1., central. See 
filum terminale. 1., check. See I., odontoid. 1., 
ciliary, the tissue at the junction of the cornea and 
sclera forming the root of the iris, ligamenta coli, 
three longitudinal bands on the surface of the large 
intestine, due to thickening of the longitudinal 
muscle-fibers. 1., conoid, the inner portion of the 
coracoclavicular ligament. It is attached to the 
coracoid process of the scapula and the conoid tubercle 
of the clavicle. 1., coracoclavicular, one extending 
from the coracoid process of the scapula to the 
clavicle. 1., coracohumeral, that joining the coracoid 
process of the scapula and the upper and posterior 
portion of the capsule of the shoulder-joint and the 
upper part of the humerus. 1., coronary, a peritoneal 
fold extending from the posterior edge of the liver to 
the diaphragm. 1., costoclavicular. See I., rhomboid. 
1., costocoracoid, that joining the first rib and the 
coracoid process of the scapula. 1., costocolic, a 
peritoneal fold joining the diaphragm and the 
splenic flexure of the colon. 1., cotyloid, a ring of 
fibrocartilaginous tissue at the margin of the aceta- 
bulum. 1., crucial, anterior, the smaller crucial 
ligament of the knee, extending from the upper 
surface of the tibia to the inner surface of the external 
condyle of the femur. 1., crucial, posterior, one 
attached below to the back part of the depression 
behind the spine of the tibia, to the popliteal notch, 
and to the external semilunar fibrocartilage, and 
above to the inner condyle of the femur. 1., cruci- 
form, that formed by the transverse ligament of the 
atlas and a vertical ligament running from the middle 
of this to the body of the axis. 1., crural. See 
Poupart's I., 1., deltoid, lateral internal ligament of 
the ankle. 1., Denuce's. See Denuce's ligament. 
l.s, elastic, yellow, highly elastic ligaments lying at 
the back of the spinal canal, appearing in pairs 
between the lamina? of contiguous vertebra? from 
the axis to the interval between the last lumbar 
vertebra and the sacrum. 1., falciform. 1. A sickle- 
shaped expansion of the great sacrosciatic ligament, 
extending along the inner margin of the tuberosity 
and inferior ramus of the ischium. 2. The broad 
ligament of the liver. 1., femoral. See Key's I., 



1., Flood's. See Flood's ligament, l.s, funicular, 
band-like ligaments accessory to capsular ligaments 
surrounding movable joints; they are made up of 
parallel bundles of flexible fibrous tissue, but without 
elasticity. 1., Gimbernat's. See Gimbernat's liga- 
ment. 1., glenohumeral, a portion of the coraco- 
humeral ligament, attached to the inner and upper 
portion of the bicipital groove. 1., glenoid. 1. A 
ring of fibrocartilaginous tissue attached to the rim 
of the glenoid fossa. 2. One of those joining the 
phalanges of the metacarpal bones. 1., glenoideo- 
brachial, the thickened part of the capsular ligament 
of the shoulder which is inserted into the lesser 
tuberosity of the humerus. 1., Hey's, a sickle-shaped 
expansion of the fascia lata. Syn., femoral ligament. 
1., iliofemoral, a strong ligament extending from the 
anterior inferior iliac spine to the lesser trochanter and 
the intertrochanteric line. 1., iliotibial. See Mais- 
siat's band. 1., iliotrochanteric, a portion of the 
iliofemoral ligament. 1., interclavicular, one joining 
the clavicles and the sternum. 1., interfoveolar, a 
thin, fibrous band extending from the posterior surface 
of the fascia transversalis, near the plica semilunaris, 
to the pubic bone and Gimbernat's ligament; it forms 
part of the conjoined tendon. 1., lateral, one of the 
peritoneal folds between the sides of the liver and 
the inferior surface of the diaphragm. 1., Lockwood's. 
See Lockwood's ligament. 1., Mauchart's. See 
Mauchart's ligament. 1., mucous (of the knee-joint), 
a fold of synovial membrane extending from the 
intercondyloid fossa to the lower margin of the 
patella. 1., nuchal, one at the nape of the neck, 
connecting the two trapezius muscles. 1., odontoid, 
any one of the broad, strong ligaments arising on 
each side of the apex of the odontoid process and 
connecting the atlas with the skull. 1., orbicular 
(of radius), that surrounding the head of the radius. 
1., palpebral, external, that joining the outer margin 
of the orbit and the tissues of the eye-lid. 1., palpe- 
bral, internal, one extending from the nasal process 
of the superior maxilla to the lacrimal spine of the 
lacrimal bone and the inner end of the tarsal cartilage. 
ligamentum patellae, a strong fibrous structure, 
extending from the tubercle of the tibia upward to 
become the tendon of the quadriceps extensor muscle ; 
it embraces the patella, ligamentum pectinatum, 
the spongy tissue at the junction of the cornea and 
sclera in the sinus of the anterior chamber of the eye. 
It forms the root of the iris. 1., Poupart's, the liga- 
ment extending from the anterior superior spine of 
the ilium to the spine of the pubis and the pectineal 
line. It is the lower portion of the aponeurosis of 
the external oblique muscle. 1., pterygomaxillary, 
one joining the apex of the internal pterygoid plate 
of the sphenoid bone and the posterior extremity of 
the internal oblique line of the lower jaw. 1., pterygo- 
spinous, a ligamentous band extending from the ex- 
ternal pterygoid plate to the spine of the sphenoid. 
1., pubic, inferior, a triangular ligament extending 
from the symphysis pubis to the rami of the pubic 
bones. 1., pylorocolic, Glenard's name for the 
attachment of the transverse colon to the pylorus. 
1., reticular, one holding a muscle to a bone. 1., 
rhomboid, one joining the cartilage of the first rib 
and the tuberosity of the clavicle. 1., round (of hip). 
See ligamentum teres femor is. 1., round (of forearm), 
one joining the coronoid process of the ulna and the 
tuberosity of the radius. 1., round (of liver), a 
fibrous cord running from the umbilicus to the notch 
in the anterior border of the liver. It represents the 
remains of the obliterated umbilical vein. 1., round 
(of uterus), a ligament running from the anterior 
surface of the cornu of the uterus through the in- 
guinal canal to the mons Veneris. 1., sacrosciatic, 
great, a ligament extending from the sacrum, coccyx, 
and inferior iliac spine to the tuberosity of the 
ischium. 1., spinoglenoid, one extending between the 
spine of the scapula and the glenoid cavity. 1., 
splenophrenic, the suspensory ligament of the spleen. 
1., spring, one joining the os calcis and scaphoid bone. 
1., sternoclavicular, the capsular ligament of the arti- 
culation between the sternum and clavicle, l.s 
sternopericardiac, connecting bands between the 
sternum and the pericardium. 1., stylohyoid, a 
fibrous cord extending from the apex of the styloid 
process of the temporal bone to the lesser cornu of 
the hyoid bone. 1., stylomaxillary, a ligament joining 
the styloid process of the temporal bone and the 
inferior surface of the posterior margin of the ramus 
of the inferior maxilla. 1., subpubic. See I., pubic, 



LIGAMENTAL \ 



512 



LIMBUS 



inferior. 1., supraspinal cervical. See I., nuchal. 
1. suspensory (of crystalline lens), the zonule of Zinn. 
L, suspensory (of eyeball). See Lock-wood's ligament. 
1., sutural. i. A thin lamina of fiber occurring in the 
cranial sutures. 2. A thin lamina of fibrous tissue 
often interposed between the articulating surfaces 
of bones united by suture, l.s, synovial, synovial 
folds resembling ligaments, ligamentum teres, a 
rounded fibrous cord attached to the center of the 
articular surface of the head of the femur, and 
extending to the margin of the cotyloid notch of the 
acetabulum, l.s, thyroarytenoid, the vocal bands. 
1., thyroarytenoid, inferior, one of the inferior or 
true vocal bands. 1., thyroarytenoid, superior, one 
extending between the inner surface of the upper 
portion of the thyroid cartilage and the anterior 
surfaces of the apices of the arytenoid cartilages. 
1., transverse (of atlas), one attached to two small 
tubercles on the inner surface of the atlas, and 
surrounding the odontoid process of the axis. 1., 
transverse (of hip- joint), one extending across 
the cotyloid notch of the acetabulum. 1., transverse 
(of knee-joint), one extending from the anterior 
margin of the external semilunar fibrocartilage to the 
anterior extremity of the internal fibrocartilage. 
1., trapezoid, the anterior or external portion of the 
coracoclavicular ligament, extending from the upper 
surface of the coracoid process of the scapula to the 
under surface of the clavicle. 1., triangular (of the 
urethra), a tendinous band of triangular shape, 
attached by its apex to the reflected portion of 
Poupart's ligament, and passing inward beneath the 
spermatic cord and behind the inner pillar of the 
external abdominal ring, to join the tendon of the 
opposite side. 1., uterovesicaj, one of the peritoneal 
folds connecting the bladder and the uterus. 1., 
vesicoumbilical. Same as urachus. 1., Winslow's, 
the posterior ligament of the knee-joint. 1., Y-shaped 
(of Bigelow), the iliofemoral ligament. 

ligamental, ligamentary {jiig-am-en'-tal, lig-am-en'- 
ta-re) [ligare, to bind]. Of the nature of a ligament. 

ligamentopexis (lig-am-en-to-peks'-is) [ligament; 
7rjj£«, fixation]. Beck's operation of suspension of 
the uterus on the round ligaments. 

ligamentous (lig-am-en'-tus) [ligament]. Of the 
nature of, or pertaining to, a ligament. 

ligamentum (lig-am-en'-tum). See ligament. 1. 
denticulatum, a notched ligament on each side of 
the myelon. 1. dentis, that portion of the gum which 
is attached to the neck of a tooth. 1. inguinale, 
Poupart's ligament, q. v. 1. interfoveolare. See 
Hesselbach's ligament. 1. mucosum, a synovial fold. 

1. nuchas, one at the nape of the neck, connecting the 
two trapezius muscles. 1. patellae, the ligament 
securing the patella to the tibia. 1. spirale, the 
thick part of the cochlear basilar membrane. 1. teres, 
a round ligament. See ligament, round. 1. teres 
f emoris, a fibrous cord extending from the head of the 
femur to the margin of the cotyloid notch of the 
acetabulum. 

Ligar's line. 1. A line drawn from the posterior 
superior iliac spine to a point midway between the 
tuberosity of the ischium and greater trochanter; 
the upper point of trisection of this line corresponds 
to the point of emergence of the gluteal artery. 2. A 
line drawn from the posterior superior iliac spine to 
the inner point of trisection of a line between the 
tuberosity of the ischium and the greater trochanter; 
the middle of this line indicates the point of emergence 
of the sciatic artery. 

ligate (li'-gat) [ligare, to bind]. To apply a liga- 
ture. 

ligation (li-ga'-shun) [ligate]. The operation of 
tying, especially of tying arteries. 

ligator (li-ga'-tor) [ligare, to bind]. An instrument 
used in placing and fastening ligatures. 

ligature (lig'-at-ur) [ligatura, a band]. 1. A cord 
or thread used for tying about arteries or other parts. 

2. Ligation. 1., double, the application of two liga- 
tures to a vessel, between which it is divided. 1., 
elastic, a narrow band or thread of rubber applied 
tightly to a part so as to destroy the tissues and by 
compression to lead to separation. It is used in the 
treatment of hemorrhoids, anal fistula, and in the 
removal of pedunculated growths. 1., Erichsen's, 
one consisting of a double thread, one half of which 
is white, the other half black; it is used in the ligation 
of nsevi. 1., interlacing, 1., interlocking, one for 
securing a pedicle in which several loops interlace. 
1., intermittent, a tourniquet applied above a poisoned 



wound to interrupt the blood-current; it is occasion- 
ally relaxed to allow of renewal of the circulation. 
1., lateral, partial occlusion of the lumen of a vessel 
by a loose ligature. 1., provisional, a ligature applied 
during an operation, with the intention of removing 
it before the completion of the operation. 1., Wood- 
ridge's, the isolation of the ventricles by drawing 
a silk ligature tightly about the auricles at their 
junction with the ventricles. 

light (lit) [AS., leoht]. Wave motions of the 
luminiferous ether that give rise to the sensation 
of vision when the rays impinge upon the retina. 
1., axial, light-rays that are parallel to each other and 
to the optic axis. 1., central. See I., axial. In- 
difference, the difference between the two eyes in 
respect to their sensitiveness to light. 1., diffused, 
that reflected simultaneously from an infinite number 
of surfaces, or that which has been scattered by means 
of a concave mirror or lens. 1., Finsen, light from 
which the heat-rays are excluded and only the blue 
and violet rays remain; it is used in phototherapy. 
1., oblique, light falling obliquely on a surface. 1., 
polarization of. See polarization. 1., reflected, 
light thrown back from an illuminated object. 1., 
refracted, light-rays that have passed through an 
object and have been bent from their original course. 
1., refrigerated. See I., Finsen. l.-sense, sensibility 
of the retina to luminous impressions, l.-stroke, 
narcosis or death due to exposure to light. 1., trans- 
mitted, the light passing through an object. 1.- 
treatment. See actinotherapy, phototherapy, and 
radiotherapy. 

lighterman's bottom. Inflammation of the bursa 
over the tuberosity of the ischium, from prolonged 
sitting. 

lightning pains. The lancinating pains of loco- 
motor ataxia, coming on and disappearing with 
lightning-like -rapidity . 

lign aloes (lln al'-oz) [lignum aloes]. Same as 
Agallochum and eagle-wood, q. v. 

ligneous (lig'-ne-us) [lignum, wood]. Woody, or 
having a woody texture. 

lignin (lig'-nin) [lignum], C19H24O10 (?). A modi- 
fication of cellulose, constituting the greater part of 
the weight of most dry wood. 

lignosulphin (lig-no-sul'-fin). A product occurring 
in the manufacture of sulphocellulose, containing 
free sulphurous acid combined with the volatile 
products of wood. It is used in the disinfection of 
dwellings. 

lignosulphite (lig-no-sul'-flt). A liquid by-product 
obtained in the manufacture of cellulose from pine 
wood; used in laryngeal tuberculosis in inhalations 
of 10 to 30 % solution. 

lignum (lig'-num) [L.]. Wood. 1. benedictum, 
guaiac-wood. 1. cedrium, cedar-wood. l.-vitae, 
the tree, Guaiacum officinale. See guaiacum. 

ligroin (lig' -ro-in) . A product obtained from 
petroleum; it is used in pharmacy as a solvent and 
for burning in sponge-lamps. 

ligula (lig'-u-lah) [dim. of lingua, a tongue]. 1. A 
small tongue-shaped organ. 2. The strip of white 
matter on the margin of the fourth ventricle. See 
lingula. 

ligule (lig'-ul) [ligula, a variety of lingula, a little 
tongue; a strap]. Same as ligula. 

ligusticum (li-gus'-tik-um). See lavage. 

Lilienfeld's theory of blood-coagulation. This 
attributes to the nucleoproteid the power of splitting 
the fibrinogen into globulin and thrombosin, the 
thrombosin uniting with calcium to form fibrin. 

lUy-of-the-valley. See under convallaria. 

liman (li'-man) [XijuV. a marshy lake]. A sheet 
of water isolated from the sea and converted into a 
salt lake. 1. cure, the treatment of diseases by bath- 
ing in limans at Odessa. 

limanol (li'-man-ol). An extract obtained from 
boiling the mud of the limans at Odessa. It is used 
as an application in gout. 

limatura (lim-at-u'-rah) [limare, to file]. Filings. 
1. chalybis, 1. ferri, iron filings. 

limb (Urn) [AS., lint]. 1. One of the extremities 
attached to the sides of the trunk and used for 
prehension or locomotion. 2. An elongated structure 
resembling a limb, as the limbs of the internal capsule. 

limbic (lim'-bik) [limbus, a border]. Marginal; 
pertaining to a border. 1. fissure. See fissure. 
1. lobe, that surrounding the corpus callosum. 

limbus (Urn' -bus) [L.]. A border; the circum- 
ferential edge of any flat organ or part. 1. acetabuli, 



LIME 



513 



LINE 



the cotyloid ligament. 1. alveolaris, the alveolar 
process. 1. conjunctivae, the rim of conjunctiva that 
overlaps the corneal epithelium. 1. corneas, the edge 
of the cornea at its junction with the sclerotic coat. 
1. fossae ovalis, the annulus ovalis. 1. laminae spiralis, 
the spiral membranous cushion at the border of the 
osseous spiral lamina of the cochlea. 1. luteus. See 
macula lutea. 1. sphenoidalis, the sharp anterior 
edge of the groove on the sphenoid bone for the 
optic commissure. 1. Vieussenii. The limbus fossae 
ovalis. 

lime (Itm) [Pers., limu, a lemon], i. The fruit of 
several species of Citrus, as C. limetta. 2. [AS., lim, 
cement.] Calcium oxide, CaO {quicklime) . Calcium 
oxide has a great affinity for water and for CO2. 
On contact with the former, slaked lime is formed, 
with the evolution of heat. On living tissues it 
acts as a caustic. See also calcium and calx. 1., 
chlorinated {calx chlorinata, U. S. P., B.P.), the 
chloride of lime of commerce. It is not a distinct 
chemical compound; its chief constituent, and the 
one on which its disinfectant properties depend, is 
calcium hypochlorite, which liberates chlorine. 
l.-juice, the juice of the lime. 1., milk of, a milky 
fluid consisting of calcium hydroxide suspended in 
water. 1., slaked, a common term for lime; correctly, 
it is lime which has been acted on by water. 1., sul- 
phureted. See calx sulphurata. 1., syrup of {syrupus 
calcis, U. S. P.), contains 5 % lime, 30 % sugar, 
65 % water. It is the antidote to poisoning by 
phenol or oxalic acid. Dose \-2 dr. (2-8 Cc). 
l.-water {liquor calcis, U. S. P.), a solution con- 
taining about 1 5 parts of lime in 1000 of water. 
Dose 5-2 oz. (15-60 Cc). It is used as an antacid. 

limen insulae {li'-men) [L.; pi., limina]. The 
imaginary line separating the anterior perforated 
substance from the island of Reil. 1. nasi, the bound- 
ary-line between the osseous and cartilaginous por- 
tions of the nasal cavity. 

limes death {li'-mez) [limes, boundary, limit]. 
The smallest amount of toxin which after being 
mixed with an antitoxin unit, will cause the death 
of a guinea pig within four or five days. 1. zero, 
the dose of toxin which is just neutralized by one 
antitoxin unit. 

limic {li'-mik) [Xi/z6s, hunger]. Pertaining to 
hunger. 

litninal {Um'-in-aT) [limen, threshold]. Pertaining 
to the threshold, especially pertaining to the lowest 
limit of perception. 

limiting membrane, external. The thin layer be- 
tween the outer nuclear layer of the retina and that 
of the rods and cones. 1. membrane, internal, in the 
eye, the inner layer of the retina. 

limitrophes {lim-W -ro-fez) [limes, a boundary; 
Tp<xt>7], nourishment]. The sympathetic ganglia and 
their connections. 

limitropbic {lim-it-rof'-ik). Regulating the pro- 
cesses of nutrition; a qualification sometimes applied 
to the great ganglionic cord of the sympathetic 
nerve-system, or to that system at large; pertaining 
to the sympathetic nerves. 

limnemic {lim-ne'-mik) [\lnvri, marsh]. Pertaining 
to, or caused by the influence of, a marsh. 

limnobios {lim-no' -be-os) {Kifivq, a lake; /St'os, life]. 
The organic world of fresh water. 

limnomephitis {lim-no-me-fi'-tis) [XLnvrj, marsh; 
mephitis, noxious odor]. Any miasm or noxious 
odor arising from marshy ground or swamps. 

limo {li'-mo) [L.]. Lemon. The fruit of Citrus 
limonum, a tree of the order Rutacece. The pulp 
contains a large amount of citric acid, limonis 
cortex (U. S. P.), the rind of lemon, yields an essential 
oil and a glucoside, hesperidin, C22H26O12. limonis, 
oleum (U. S. P.), oil of lemon. Dose 1-5 min. 
(0.065-0.32 Cc). limonis succus (U. S. P.), lemon- 
juice, is refrigerant and antiscorbutic. Locally it 
has been used in pruritus, sunburn, and as a gargle 
in diphtheria, limonis, syrupus (B. P.), is used as a 
refrigerant and vehicle. 

limoctonia {lim-ok-to'-ne-ah) [\l/j.6s, hunger; Kreivew, 
to destroy]. Death from hunger; suicide by hunger. 

limonin {lim'-o-nin) [limo], C26H30O8 (?). A gluco- 
side from seeds of apples and lemons. 

limophthisis {lim-off'-this-is) [Xi/ios, hunger; <t>diais, 
wasting]. The wasting of the body due to privation 
and lack of food. 

limophoitos, limophoitosis {lim-o-fo'-it-os, lim-o-fo- 
it-o'-sis) [Xi/x6s, hunger; <j>oIto%, madness]. Insanity 
due to hunger or lack of nutrition. 
18 



limophoitosic {lim-o-fo-it-o'-sik) [limophoitos]. In- 
sane from hunger or underfeeding. 

limopsora {lim-op-so'-rah) [\infc, hunger; xf/upa, 
itch]. A kind of scabies (or pruritus?) asserted to 
attack man and other animals after long deprivation 
of food. 

limopsorus {lim-op-so'-rus) [Xi^os, hunger; \pupa, 
itch]. A disease, like scurvy, pellagra, or famine- 
fever, due to poor or insufficient food. 

limoseric {lim-o-ser'-ik) [Xi^os, hunger]. Pertaining 
to or caused by hunger. 

limo sis {lim-o'-sis) [Xifios, hunger]. 1. Unnatural 
appetite. 2. A disease distinguished by depraved 
appetite. 

limotherapy {lim-o-ther'-ap-e) [\ifj.6s r hunger; depa- 
ireia, treatment]. The treatment of disease by partial 
or total deprivation of food. It has been used in 
the treatment of aneurysm. 

limp. A halting gait. See claudicatio. 

limping {limp'-ing). Walking with a halting gait. 
1., intermittent. See claudication, intermittent. 

linadin {lin'-ad-in). An insoluble, dark-brown 
powder containing 1 % of iron and 0.023 % of iodine, 
prepared from the spleen of animals. Dose in malari- 
al cachexia 150-385 gr. (10-25 Gm.). 

linagogue, linagogus {lin'-ag-og, lin-ag-o'-gus) 
[linum, thread; ayuyos, leading]. An instrument used 
in guiding the course of a suture. 

linalool {lin-al'-o-ol), CioHisO. A fragrant liquid 
occurring in oils of lign aloe, lavender, and bergamot. 

linamarin {lin-am-ar'-in) [linum, flax; amara, 
bitter]. The toxic glucoside of common flax. 

lincture {link'-tur) [lingere, to lick]. A medicine 
to be taken by licking; an electuary. 

linctus {link'-tus) [L.]. Same as lincture. 

line, linea {lin, lin'-e-ah) [linea, a line]. 1. Ex- 
tension of dimension having length, but neither 
breadth nor thickness. 2. The ^ part of an inch. 
3. In anatomy, anything resembling a mathematical 
line in having length without breadth or thickness; 
a boundary or guide-mark. 1., abdominal. See 
abdominal, linea alba. 1. A tendinous raphe 
extending in the median line of the abdomen from the 
pubes to the ensiform cartilage; it is formed by the 
blending of the aponeuroses of the oblique and 
transversalis muscles. 2. Hunter's line, the anterior 
peduncles of the pineal gland, lineae albicantes, 
glistening white lines in either iliac region of the 
abdomen, seen in distention of the abdomen from 
pregnancy, ascites, or tumors. 1., alveolobasilar, 
a line joining the basion and the alveolar point. 
1., alveonasal, a line joining the nasal and alveolar 
points, linea aspera, a rough longitudinal ridge on 
the posterior surface of the middle third of the 
femur, dividing below into two and above into 
three ridges. 1., auriculobregmatic, a line passing 
from the auricular point to the bregma, and dividing 
the preauricular from the postauricular part of the 
cranium, l.s, axillary, anterior and posterior, 
vertical lines extending downward from the axilla 
on the side of the trunk. 1., base, a line running 
backward from the infraorbital ridge through the 
middle of the external auditory meatus, and pro- 
longed; to the middle line of the head posteriorly. 
1., basiobregmatic, the line joining the basion and 
the bregma. 1., Baudelocque's. See Baudelocque's 
line, l.s, Beau's. See Beau's line. 1., biauricular, 
the line separating the anterior from the posterior 
portion of the skull; it extends from one auditory 
foramen over the vertex to the other. 1., blue, the 
blue line at the dental margin of the gums in chronic 
lead-poisoning. 1., Bryant's. See Bryant's line. 
1., Camper's. See Camper's line. 1., Clapton's. 
See Clapton's line. 1., Conradi's. See Conradi's 
line. 1., Corrigan's. See Corrigan's line. 1., costo- 
articular, a line drawn between the sternoclavicular 
articulation and the point of the eleventh rib. 1., 
costoclavicular. See I., parasternal. 1., curved, 
inferior (of the ilium), a line extending from the 
upper part of the anterior inferior spinous process of 
the ilium, and terminating at the middle of the great 
sciatic notch. 1., curved, inferior (of the occipital 
bone), a ridge extending transversely across the 
outer surface of the occipital bone a short distance 
below the superior curved line. 1., curved, middle 
(of the ilium), a line commencing about an inch or 
an inch and a half behind the anterior superior spine 
of the ilium and arching backward and downward to 
the upper margin of the great sciatic notch. 1., 
curved, superior (of the ilium), a line commencing 



LINE 



514 



LINGULA 



about two inches in front of the posterior extremity 
of the crest of the ilium and curving downward and 
forward toward the posterior part of the great sciatic 
notch. 1., curved, superior (of the occipital bone), 
a semicircular line, passing outward and forward 
from the external occipital protuberance. 1. of 
demarcation, a line of division between healthy and 
gangrenous tissues, l.s, Eberth's. See Eberth's 
lines. 1., Ellis'. See Ellis' line. 1., embryonic, 
the primitive trace in the center of the germinal area 
of the ovum, linea eminens (of the cricoid cartilage), 
a mesial ridge on the dorsal half of the cricoid carti- 
lage, linea eminens (of the patella), a ridge on the 
posterior surface of the patella, dividing that surface 
into two unequal parts, the outer of which is the 
larger. 1., epiphyseal, the thin layer of cartilage at 
first separating the borders of the diaphysis and 
epiphysis. 1., facial, i. A straight line tangential 
to the glabella and some point at the lower portion 
of the face. 2. See Camper's line. 1. of fixation, 
an imaginary line drawn from the object viewed 
through the center of rotation of the eye. l.s, 
Fraunhofer's. See Fraunhofer's lines, l.s, From- 
mann's. See Frommann's lines. 1., genal, a line 
seen in the faces of children, in certain diseases, 
running downward from the region of the malar bone 
to join the nasal line. See Jadelot's lines. 1., 
gingival, Burton's, a reddish streak or margin at the 
reflected edge of the gums. 1. of Haller. See linea 
splendens of Haller. 1., Hilton's. See Hilton's line. 
1., Holden's. See Holden's line. 1., Hunter's. See 
linea alba (2). 1., iliopectineal, the bony ridge 
marking the brim of the true pelvis, situated partly 
on the ilium and partly on the pubis. 1., incremental, 
Salter's, a curved line in dentin, supposed to indicate 
the laminar structure, and to correspond to the 
successive laminae or strata of dentin. 1., inter- 
trochanteric, anterior, a line upon the anterior surface 
of the femur, separating the neck and shaft, extending 
between the tubercle and a point close to and in 
front of the lesser trochanter. 1., intertrochanteric, 
posterior, a ridge on the posterior surface of the 
femur, extending between the greater and lesser 
trochanters. 1., intertubercular, an imaginary trans- 
verse line drawn around the abdomen at the level 
of the tubercles, on the iliac crests, that is about two 
inches behind the anterior superior iliac spines, l.s, 
Jadelot's. See Jadelot's lines, l.s, Kirchoff's. See 
Fraunhofer's lines. 1., Ligar's. See Ligar's line. 
1., mammary. 1. A line from one nipple to the other. 
2. Often, but incorrectly used, for I. mamillary, a. v. 
1., mammillary, a vertical line passing through the 
center of the nipple. 1., mylohyoidean. See I., 
oblique, internal (of the inferior maxilla). 1., naso- 
basUar, the line drawn through the basion and the 
nasal point. 1., Nelaton's. See Nelaton's line. 
1., nigra, a dark pigmented line often present in preg- 
nant women and extending from the pubes upward 
in the median line. 1., nipple-. Same as I., mam- 
millary. 1., nuchal, inferior, the inferior curved 
line of the occiput. 1., nuchal, median, the external 
occipital protuberance. 1., nuchal, superior, the 
superior curved line of the occiput. 1., oblique (of 
the fibula), a prominent ridge on the internal surface 
of the shaft of the fibula, commencing above at the 
inner side of the head, and terminating in the inter- 
osseous ridge at the lower fourth of the bone. 1., 
oblique (of the radius), a prominent ridge running 
from the lower part of the bicipital tuberosity, down- 
ward and outward, to form the anterior border of 
the bone. 1., oblique (of the thyroid cartilage), a 
line extending downward and outward from the tu- 
bercle of the thyroid cartilage. 1., oblique (of the 
tibia), a rough ridge that crosses the posterior surface 
of the tibia obliquely downward from the back part 
of the articular facet for the fibula to the internal 
border. 1., oblique, external (of the inferior maxilla), 
a prominent ridge on the external surface of the 
inferior maxilla just below the mental foramen 
from which it runs outward, upward, and backward 
to the anterior margin of the ramus. 1., oblique, 
internal (of the inferior maxilla), a ridge on the 
internal surface of the lower jaw, commencing at the 
posterior portion of the sublingual fossa, continuing 
upward and outward so as to pass just below the 
last two molar teeth. 1., oculozygomatic, one of 
Jadelot's lines indicative of spinal disease. 1., 
Ogston's. See Ogston's line. 1., parasternal, a line 
midway between the nipple-line and the border of 
the sternum. 1., pectineal, the portion of the ilio- 



pectineal line that is formed by the pubic bone. 
1., primitive, the primitive streak of the embryo. 
1., profile, of Camper. See Camper's line. 1., quad- 
rate, an eminence on the femur commencing about 
the middle of the posterior intertrochanteric line, 
and descending vertically for about two inches along 
the posterior surface of the shaft. 1. of regard, in 
optics, the line connecting the center of rotation of 
the eye with the point of fixation or of regard. 1., 
respiratory, the line connecting the bases of the up- 
ward strokes in a tracing of the pulse. 1., Roser's. 
Same as Nelaton's line. 1., Salter's. See incre- 
mental line. 1., scapular, a vertical line downward 
from the lower angle of the scapula. 1., semicircular, 
Douglas', the curved lower edge of the internal layer 
of the aponeurosis of the internal oblique muscle of 
the abdomen, where it ceases to cover the posterior 
surface of the rectus muscle. 1., semilunar, of 
Spigelius, a curved tendinous condensation of the 
aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle of the 
abdomen, running along the outer border of the rectus 
abdominis. 1. of sight, an imaginary line drawn from 
the object viewed to the center of the pupil, liuea 
splendens of Haller, a longitudinal fibrous band 
extending along the middle, line of the anterior 
surface of the spinal pia mater. 1., sternal, the 
median line of the sternum. 1., sternomastoid, a 
line drawn from a point between the two heads of 
the sternomastoid muscle to the mastoid process. 
1., subcostal, an imaginary transverse line drawn 
around the abdomen at the level of the lower border 
of the tenth costal cartilage. 1., supraorbital, a line 
extending horizontally across the forehead im- 
mediately above the root of the external angular 
process of the frontal bone. 1., test-, a line for 
detecting shortening of the neck of the femur. If 
two lines are drawn to meet at right angles, one of 
them backward from the anterior superior spinous 
process of the ilium, and the other upward from the 
top of the trochanter major, the latter is the test- 
line; its length is to be compared with the same line 
on the uninjured side. Syn., Bryant's line. 1., 
Thompson's. See Thompson's line. 1., transverse 
(of the abdomen), the tendinous intersections in the 
course of the rectus abdominis muscle. 1., trapezoid, 
the line of attachment of the trapezoid ligament on 
the inferior surface of the outer portion of the clavicle. 
1., Virchow's. See Virchow's line. 1., visual, an 
imaginary line, drawn from a point looked at, 
through the nodal point of the eye, to the macula 
lutea. 

lineage (lin'-e-aj) [linea, a line]. The line of 
descent from an ancestor; ancestry. 

lineal (lin'-e-al) [linea, line]. Pertaining to 
lineage. See also linear. 

lineament (lin'-e-am-ent) [lineamentum ; linea, a 
line]. The outline of the face, or of any of its 
features. Also, the outline of the embryo. 

linear (lin'-e-ar) [linea, a line]. Resembling or 
pertaining to a line. Applied in biology to an organ 
that is narrow, many times longer than broad, and 
that has parallel margins. 1. craniectomy. See 
craniectomy. 1. extraction. See cataract. 1. frac- 
ture, one forming a line, and attended with little or 
no displacement of the fragments. 

Ling's system [Pier Henrik Ling, Swedish physi- 
cian, 1776-1839]. A method of treatment of disease 
by gymnastic and other rhythmical movements of 
the body. Syn., kinetotherapy. 

lingam (lin'-gam). See phallus, 

Lingism (ling'-izm). See Ling's system. 

lingua (ling'-gwah) [L.]. The tongue. 1. exigua, 
the epiglottis. 1. fraenata, tongue-tie. 1. geograph- 
ica, the geographical tongue. See tongue, geographical. 
1. nigra. See glossophytia. 

lingual (ling'-gwal) [lingua]. Pertaining to or 
shaped like the tongue. 1. artery. See under 
artery. 1. bone, the hyoid bone. 1. delirium. See 
delirium. 1. lobule. See subcalcarine convolution. 
1. nerve. See under nerve. 1. tonsil, a quantity of 
lymph tissue at the base of the tongue. 

lingualis (ling-gwa'-lis). See muscles, table of. 

linguiform (ling'-gwif-orm) [lingua, tongue; forma, 
form]. Shaped like a tongue. 

lingula (ling'-gu-lah) [dim. of lingua]. A small 
lobule between the valve of Vieussens and the central 
lobule of the cerebellum. Syn., linguetta laminosa. 
1. auriculae, the cartilaginous projection toward or 
into the upper portion of the lobe of the ear. 1. 
mandibularis, the prominent, thin scale of bone 



LINGULAR 



515 



LIPOMA 



partly surrounding the inferior dental foramen of 
the lower jaw. 1. sphenoidalis, a small, tongue-like 
process extending backward in the angle formed 
by the body of the sphenoid and one of its greater 
wings. 1. of Wrisberg, the connecting fibers of the 
motor and sensory roots of the trifacial nerve. 

lingular (ling'-gu-lar) [lingula, a little tongue]. 
Of or pertaining to a little tongue. 

lingulate (ling'-gu-lat) [lingula]. Tongue-shaped. 

liniment, linimentum (lin'-i-ment, lin-im-en' -turn) 
[liner e, to smear]. A liquid intended for application 
to the skin by gentle friction. The following are 
official in the U. S. P.: linimentum ammonia or 
volatile liniment; I. belladonna; I. calcis or Carron 
oil; I. camphor a or camphorated oil; I. chloroformi ; 
I. saponis; I. saponis mollis or tincture of green soap; 
I. terebinthince. 1., St. John Long's, liniment of 
turpentine and acetic acid (linimentum terebinthince 
aceticum, B. P.). 

linin (li'-nin) [linum, flax], i. A strongly purga- 
tive principle obtainable from Linum catharticum, 
or purging flax. 2. In biology, minute threads ex- 
tending between the individual microsomata (ids) 
in a cell-nucleus. The achromatin of the nuclear 
network; par achromatin, less correctly called nucleo- 
hyaloplasm. 

linition (lin-ish'-un) [see liniment]. The process 
of applying a liniment. 

linitis (li-ni'-tis) [\lvov, web; wis, inflammation]. 
Inflammation of the network of filamentous areolar 
tissue surrounding the gastric vessels. 1. plastica, 
fibrinous infiltration of the pylorus. 

linolein (lin-o'-le-in) [linum; oleum, oil]. The 
neutral fat contained in linseed-oil, and to which its 
drying property is due. 

linseed (lin'-sed). See linum. l.-oil. See lini, 
oleum, under linum. 

lint [linum]. A loosely woven or partly felted 
mass of broken linen fibers, made by scraping or 
picking linen cloth. It is used as a dressing for 
wounds. 1., common, lint that is twilled on one 
side and woolly on the other. In the spreading of 
an ointment the twilled side is used. 1., patent, 
lint that is scraped on both sides, a soft finish being 
thus given the two surfaces. Syn., English charpie. 

lintin (lin'-tin). Absorbent cotton rolled or com- 
pressed into sheets. 

linum (li'-num) [L.]. The seed of L. usitatissimum, 
a plant of the order Linea, containing a fatty sub- 
stance, linolein, which is the glycerid of linoleic acid. 
It is a demulcent, emollient, and expectorant, useful 
in inflammations of mucous membranes. Syn., 
flaxseed; linseed, lini, cataplasma (B. P.), a poultice 
made from linseed meal. 1. catharticum, an active 
purgative and vermifuge, lini farina (B. P.), flax- 
seed meal, used as a poultice, lini, infusum (B. P.), 
flaxseed tea. Dose indefinite, lini, oleum (U. S. P.), 
the fixed oil of flaxseed, a glycerid of linoleic acid. 
Dose |-2 oz. (16-64 Cc). lini semina (B. P.), 
linseed or flaxseed. 

liodermia (li-o-der'-me-ah) [Xelos, smooth; okpp.a, 
skin]. A condition of abnormal smoothness and 
glossiness of the skin. 

liomyofibroma (li-o-mi-o-fi-bro'-mah) [liomyoma ; 
fibroma]. A tumor presenting the characteristics 
of a liomyoma and a fibroma. 

liomyoma (li-o-mi-o'-mah) [XeZos, smooth; myoma]. 
A tumor composed of unstriped muscular tissue. 

liotrichous (li-ot'-rik-us). See leiotrichous. 

Liouville's icterus (le-oo-veV) [Henri Liouville, 
French physician, 1837-1887]. Icterus neonatorum. 

lip [AS., lippa]. 1. One of the two fleshy folds 
surrounding the orifice of the mouth. 2. One of 
the labia majora or labia minora. See labium. 
3. The border of a wound. 

lipa (li'-pah) [L.]. Fat. 

lipacidemia (lip-as-id-e' -me-ah) [Xi-n-os, fat; al/xa, 
blopd]^ Presence of fatty acids in the blood. 

lipaciduria (lip-as-id-u'-re-ah) [Xiiroj, fat; acid; 
ovpov, urine]. The presence of fatty acids in the urine. 

lipaemia (lip-e' -me-ah) . See lipemia. 

lipanin (lip'-an-in). A substitute for cod-liver 
oil, consisting of pure olive-oil and 6 % of oleic acid. 
Dose 2 to 6 tablespoonfuls daily. 

lipara (lip'-ar-ah) [\urap6s, fatty]. An emollient 
plaster. 

liparia (lip-a'-re-ah) [Xnrapta, fatness]. Fatness; 
obesity. 

liparocele (lip'-ar-o-sel) [XtVos, fat; k^Xtj, a tumor], 
A fatty tumor or cyst ; a hernia containing fatty tissue. 



liparoid (lip'-ar-oid) [\1wap65, fatty; elSos, like]. 
Resembling fat. 

liparomphalos (lip-ar-om'-fal-os) [Knrapos, fat; 
6n<pa\6s, the navel]. A fatty tumor situated at the 
navel, or involving the umbilical cord. 

liparoscirrhus (lip-ar-o-skir'-us) [Knrapos, fat; ova'p- 
pos, a carcinomatous growth]. A fatty, scirrhous 
tumor. 

liparotrichia (lip-ar-o-trik'-e-ah) [Xtwapos, fat; dpU-, 
hair]. Abnormal greasiness of the hair. 

liparous (lip'-ar-us) [Xtir apos, fat]. Fat; obese. 

lipase (lip'-as) [Xi7ros, fat]. A fat-splitting en- 
zyme contained in the pancreatic juice, in blood- 
plasma, and in many plants. 

lipectomy (lip-ek'-to-me) [XiVos, fat; ocro/^, exci- 
sion]. Excision of fatty tissue. 

lipemania (li-pe-ma'-ne-ah). See lypemania. 

lipemia (lip-e' -me-ah) [Xlwos, fat; alp.a, blood]. 
The presence of an emulsion of fine oil-globules in 
the blood, sometimes found in diabetes. 

liphemia (li-fe' -me-ah) . See oligemia. 

lipin (li'-pin) [XiVos, fat]. A general term for 
fats, fatty acids, lipoids, soaps, etc. 

lipiodol (lip-i'-o-dol). An oil containing 40 % of 
iodine in each cubic centimeter. 

Lipliawsky's test (lip-le-aw'-ske). For diacetic 
acid in the urine: two solutions are needed: (a) a 1 % 
solution of paramidoacetophenon with addition of 
2 Cc. of concentrated HO shaken thoroughly; 
(b) a 1 % aqueous solution of potassium nitrite; 
6 Cc. of the first is mixed with 3 Cc. of the second, 
an equal volume of urine added, and a drop of am- 
monia. To 10 drops to 2 Cc. of this mixture add 
15 to 20 Cc. of concentrated HC1, 3 Cc. of chloro- 
form, and 2 to 4 drops of iron chloride solution. 
If the test-tube is corked and gently but repeatedly 
inverted, in the presence of diacetic acid the chloro- 
form will show a characteristic violet color — the 
deepness of the color depending upon the amount 
present. 

lipo- (lip-o-) [Xt7ros, fat]. A prefix meaning fat or 
fatty. 

lipobromol (lip-o-bro'-mol). Oil of poppyseed 
combined with 33.3 % of bromine; a bland, almost 
tasteless preparation. 

lipocardiac (lip-o-kar'-de-ak) [lipo-; icapbla, the 
heart]. Pertaining to a fatty heart. 

lipocele (lip'-o-sel). Synonym of liparocele, q. v. 

lipochondroma (lip-o-kon-dro'-mah) [lipo-; chon- 
droma]. A combined fatty and cartilaginous 
tumor. 

lipochrin (lip'-o-krin) [XiVos, fat; &xp6s, sallow]. 
A yellow pigment obtained from the fat-globules in 
the retinal epithelium. 

lipochrome (lip'-o-krom) [lipo-; xpw»*. color]. 
Any one of a special group of fatty pigments found 
in animal tissues. 

lipoclastic (lip-o-klas'-tik) [lipo-; /cXden', to break]. 
Fat splitting. 

lipodermatous (lip-o-der' -mat-us) [Keiireiv, to leave; 
8kpp.a, skin]. Affected with lipodermia. 

lipodermia (li-po-der' -me-ah). See leipodermia. 

lipodystrophy (lip-o-dis' -tro-fe) . A disturbance of 
fat metabolism. 

lipoferous (lip-of-er-us) [lipo-; ferre, to carry]. 
Fat carrying. 

lipofibroma (lip-o-fi-bro'-mah) [lipo-; fibroma]^ 
A combined fatty and fibrous tumor. 

lipogenesis (lip-o- j en' -es-is) [lipo-; ykveais, birth]. 
The formation or deposit of fat. 

lipogenin (lip-oj'-en-in). An ointment-base oc- 
curring in solid and liquid form, said to consist of a. 
mixture of fatty acids. 

lipogenous (lip-oj'-en-us) [\ltt6s, fat; yewav, to 
beget]. Fat-producing. 

lipoid (lip'-oid) [Xiiros, fat; elSos, like]. Resembling 
fat or oil. A name given by Overton to a group of 
substances in the protoplasm of all cells, especially 
in the outer layer or cell membrane; they are soluble 
in ether or alcohol. 

lipolysis (lip-ol'-is-is) [lipo-; Xveiv, to loose]. The 
decomposition of fat. 

lipolytic (lip-ol-it'-ik). Fat-splitting. 

lipoma (lip-o' -mah) [lipo-; 6na, a tumor]. A fatty 
tumor. 1., diffuse, a tumor consisting of an irregular 
mass of fatty tissue without a capsule. 1. mixtum, 
a fatty tumor, the thick capsule of which causes it 
to resemble fibrous growths. 1., osseous, a fatty 
tumor the fibrous septa of which have become ossi- 
fied. 



LIPOMASIA 



516 



LISTING'S LAW 



lipomasia (lip-o-ma'-ze-ah). i. A softened con- 
dition of bone. 2. A condition of cancellous bone, 
in which the spaces are widened and filled with 
fatty marrow, which is anemic; the bone is soft and 
brittle, and fractures and cuts easily. 

lipomatoid (lip-o'-mat-oid). See lipomatous. 

lipomatosis (lip-o-mat-o'-sis) [lipoma]. A general 
deposition of fat; obesity. 

lipomatous (lip-o'-mat-us). Of the nature of a 
lipoma. 

lipomeria (lip-o-me'-re-ah) [XeUeiv, to leave; nepos, 
a part]. A monstrosity having one limb absent. 

lipomphalus (lip-om'-fa-lus) [Upo-; 6n<f>a\6s, the 
navel]. A fatty umbilical hernia. 

lipomyoma (lip-o-mi-o'-mah) [Upo-; myoma]. A 
myoma with fatty elements. 

lipomyxoma (lip-o-miks-o'-mah) [Upo-; myxoma]. 
A myxoma combined with fatty tissues. 

lipophrenia (lip-o-fre'-ne-ah) [Kelireiv, to fail; <f>pr)v, 
mind]. Failure of mental capacity. 

lipoprotein (Up-o-pro'-te-in) [Upo-; protein]. A hy- 
pothetical combination of a protein with a fatty acid. 

lipopsychia (lip-o-si'-ke-ah). See asthenia. 

liporhodin (lip-o-ro'-din) [Upo-; f>68ov, a rose]. 
A red-colored lipochrome. 

liposarcoma (lip-o-sar-ko'-mah) [Upo-; sarcoma]. 
Sarcoma with fatty elements. 

liposarcous (lip-o-sar'-kus) \\direiv, to leave; <rdp£ , 
flesh]. Lean; emaciated. 

liposic (lip'-o-sik). See lipolytic. 

liposis (lip-o'-sis). See lipomatosis. 

lipospongosis (lip-o-spun-go'-sis) [Xiiros, fatty; 
(nroyyos, sponge]. The formation of a fatty or sr>onge- 
like outgrowth. 

lipostomatous (lip-o-sto'-mat-us) [Xeiwew, to leave; 
aropa, mouth]. Having no mouth. 

lipostomosis (lip-o-sto-mo'-sis) [Xetweiv, to leave; 
to be lacking; arbp.a, mouth]. In biology, absence 
of the oral aperture. 

lipostomy (lip-os'-to-me) [\diret,i>, to leave; arbpa., 
mouth]. Atrophy of the mouth. 

lipothymia (Up-o-thi'-me-ah) [Xtiveiv, to fail; 
Ovpbs, life]. Faintness. 

lipotrichia (lip-o-trik'-e-ah) [Xeiireiv, to fail; 0pi£, 
hair]. Falling out of the hair. 

lipoxanthin (lip-o-zan'-thin) [Upo-; xanthin]. A 
yellow lipochrome. 

lipoxenous (lip-oks'-en-us) [\eiireu>, to leave; 
tkvos, host]. Applied to a parasite that leaves its 
host and completes its existence independently. 

lipoxeny (lip-oks'-en-e) [Xei-rreLv, to fail; |ews, a 
host]. Desertion of a host by a parasite. 

lipoxysm (lip-oks'-izm) [Upo-; b£vs, sharp]. Poison- 
ing by means of oleic acid. 

lippa (Up' -ah). Lippitudo, q. v. 

lippiol (lip'-e-ol) [lippia; oleum, oil]. A medicinal 
camphor derivable from Lippia mexicana. 

lippitude, lippitudo (lip'-e-tud, lip-e-tu'-do) [lippus, 
blear-eyed]. The state of being blear-eyed, a con- 
dition marked by ulcerative marginal blepharitis. 

lipsis (Up' -sis) [\tiffs, a leaving]. Cessation; 
ending. 1 animi, fainting. 

lipsotrychia (lip-so-trik'-e-ah) \\eiir€i.v, to leave; 
«0pif, hair]. Falling out of the hair. 

lipuria (lip-u'-re-ah) [XLiros, fat; ovpov, urine]. The 
presence of fat in the urine. 

liquable (lik'-wah-bl) [liquare, to render liquid]. 
Capable of being liquefied. 

hquamen (lik'-wam-en) [liquare, to render liquid]. 
The liquid obtained by melting solids. 

liquarium (lik-wa'-re-um) [liquarius, pertaining to 
liquids]. Simple syrup of sugar. 

' liquate (lik'-wat) [liquare, to make liquid]. To 
liquefy. 

liquation (lik-wa'-shun) [liquare, to render liquid]. 
The process of melting. 

liquefacient (lik-we-fa'-shent) [liquefaciens, lique- 
fying]. 1. Having the power to liquefy or soften. 
2. An agent which has the power to liquefy a hard 
deposit or growth. 

liquefaction (lik-we-fak'-shun) [see liquefacient]. 
The process of changing or being changed into a 
liquid, l.-necrosis. See necrosis, liquefactive. 

liquef active (lik-we-fak'-tiv) [see liquefacient]. 
Pertaining to, causing, or characterized by lique- 
faction. 

liquescent (lik-wes'-ent) [liquescere, to become 
liquid]. Becoming, or tending to become, liquid. 

liqueur (lik-ur') [Fr.]. An aromatic alcoholic 
drink. 



liquid (lik'-wid) [liquere, to melt]. 1. Fluid; 
flowing. 2. A substance that flows readily and 
takes the shape of the containing vessel. 1. cuticle, 
collodion. 1. smoke, pyroligneous acid. 

Liquidambar (lik-wid-am'-bar) [liquid; ambar, 
from Ar., anbar, ambergris]. A genus of trees of 
the Hamamelidece. L. altingia and L. orientalis 
are species that afford a portion of commercial 
styrax. L. styraciflua, of North America, contains 
a stimulant gum, and is useful in diarrheas, coughs, 
and colds. Syn., bilsted; copalm; sweet-gum. 

liquidity (lik-wid'-it-e) [liquidus, liquid]. Fluidity; 
the state of being liquid. 

liquiform (Uk'-wif-orm) [liquor, liquid; forma, 
form]. Of the nature of a liquid. 

liquor (li'-kwor, lik'-or) [L.]. 1. Any liquid. 
2. An aqueous solution of a nonvolatile substance. 
1. amnii, the liquid contained in the amniotic sac. 
1. amnii spurius, the oxidation products formed by 
the Wolffian bodies contained as a fluid in the sac of 
the allantois. Syn., allontoic fluid. 1. Bellostii, 
a solution of 1 gm. of mercurous nitrate in 8 gm. of 
water and 2 gm. of nitric acid. It has been used 
as a test for helminthiasis and also for paralysis, as 
the substances excreted in the urine in these con- 
ditions are said to be precipitated or stained black 
by this reagent. 1. carbonis detergens, a mixture 
of coal-tar and tincture of soap-bark. 1. carnis 
ferropeptonatus. See carniferrol. 1. Cotunnii, the 
perilymph of the internal ear. 1. folliculi, the 
fluid filling the follicle or space about the develop- 
ing ovum in the Graafian follicle. 1. puris, the liquid 
portion of pus. 1. sanguinis, the blood-plasma. 
1. Scarpae, the endolymph. 1. ^seminis, the liquid 
portion of semen. 

liquorice (lik'-or-is). See glycyrrhiza. L, wild. 
See abrus. 

lirellate (lir'-el-at) [lira, a ridge]. Marked with 
linear ridges or furrows; ridge-like; furrow-like. 

lirelliform, lirelline, lirellous (lir'-el-e-form, lir'- 
el-en, -us). See lirellate. 

Lisfranc's amputation (lis-frank') [Jacques Lis- 
franc, French surgeon, 1790-1847]. A disarticulation 
of the metatarsal bones from the tarsus. L.'s joint, 
the tarsometatarsal articulation. L.'s tubercle, a 
rough spot on the anterior surface of the first rib 
near the superior border. It serves for the attach- 
ment of the scalenus anticus muscle. 

lisp. To imperfectly pronounce the sibilant letters. 

lisping (lisp'-ing) [AS., wlispian, to lisp]. A 
defect of speech in which sibilant letters are sounded 
like Unguals, especially 5 as th. 

Lissauer's parietal angle (lis'-ow-er) [Heinrich 
Lissauer, German neurologist, 1861-1891]. That 
included between lines drawn from "the bregma 
and lambda to the most prominent point of the 
parietal bone. L.'s tract, the narrow bridge of white 
substance between the apex of the posterior horn and 
the periphery of the spinal cord; it is traversed by 
some of the root-fibers. Syn., Lissauer's marginal 
zone. 

lissencephalous (lis-en-sef'-al-us) [Xuro-os, smooth; 
<=y/ce0aXos, the brain]. Having a brain with few or no 
convolutions. 

lissotrichous (lis-ot'-rik-us) \\iacrbs, smooth; OpL£, 
hair]. In biology, having straight, smooth hair; 
less correctly written leiotrichous and liotrichous. 

Lister's double salt (lis'-ter) [Lord Joseph Lister, 
English surgeon, 1827-1912]. The cyanide of 
mercury and of zinc. L.'s dressing, gauze impreg- 
nated with phenol in some other antiseptic, or plain 
aseptic gauze, used as a dressing for wounds. L.'s 
method, Listerism, q. v. 

listenne (lis'-ter-en) [Lord Joseph Lister, English 
surgeon, 1827-1912]. A proprietary antiseptic 
preparation said to contain thymol, eucalyptus, 
baptisia, gaultheria, mentha arvensis, benzoic and 
boric acids. A similar preparation is the liquor 
antisepticus of the U. S. P. 

Listerism (lis'-ter-izm). A general name for the 
antiseptic and aseptic treatment of wounds according 
to the principles first enunciated by Lord Lister. 

Listing's law (lis' -ting) [John Benedict Listing, 
German physicist]. When the line of sight passes 
from its primary position into any other position, 
the angle of rotation of the eyeball in this second 
position is the same as if the eyeball had been rotated 
about a fixed axis, perpendicular to both the first 
and the second direction of the line of sight. L.'s 
plane, the vertical transverse plane perpendicular 



LISTOL 



517 



LITHOMALACIA 



to the anteroposterior axis of the eyeball, which 
passes through the center of motion of the eyes and 
in which lie the vertical and transverse axes of normal 
voluntary rotation. L.'s reduced eye, a scheme 
for simplifying optical problems by representing the 
two nodal points and the two principal points of the 
eye by a mean nodal point and a mean principal 
point. 

listol (lis'-tol). An antiseptic said to consist of 
thymol and iodine. 

liter (le'-ter) [litra, a pound]. The unit of capacity 
in the metric system, equal to 0.88036 of an imperial 
quart, or 1.056 U. S. quarts; it is the volume of one 
kilogram of water at its maximum density. 

lithagogectasia (lith-ag-o-jek-ta'-ze-ah) [\Ldos, stone; 
ayuyos, leading; e/cTaais, a stretching out]. Lithec- 
tasy. 

lithagogue (lith'-ag-og) [Kidos, a stone; iyayos, 
leading]. 1. Expelling calculi. 2. Any agent tend- 
ing to expel calculi from the bladder. 

lithangiuria (lith-an-je-u'-re-ah) [Kidos, a stone; 
ayyeiov, vessel; ovpov, urine]. A diseased condition 
of the urinary tract due to the presence of calculi. 

litharge (lith'-arj). See plumbi oxidum under 
plumbum. 

lithargyrium (lith-ar-ji'-re-um). Litharge. 

lithargyrius (lith-ar-ji'-re-us) [L.]. A litharge of 
a yellowish hue ; gold litharge. 

lithargyrum (lith-ar' -ji-rum) [L.]. Litharge. 

lithargyrus (lith-ar' -ji-rus) [L.]. Litharge, particu- 
larly silver litharge. 

lithate (lith'-at) [Kidos, a stone]. A salt of lithic 
(uric) acid; a urate. 

lithecboly (lith-ek'-bo-le) [Kidos, a stone; e«/3o\i7, a 
throwing out]. Expulsion of a calculus by contrac- 
tion of the bladder and dilatation of its neck. 

lithectasy (lith-ek'-las-e) [Kidos, a stone; earao-is, 
a stretching out]. Dilatation of the urethra and 
neck of the bladder for the removal of calculi. 

lithectomy (lith-ek'-to-me) [litho-; i/crony, a cutting 
out]. Same as lithotomy. 

lithemia, lithaemia (lith-e'-me-ah) [litho-; alfia, 
blood]. A condition in which, owing to defective 
metabolism of the nitrogenous elements, the blood 
becomes charged with deleterious substances, princi- 
pally, perhaps, of the uric-acid group, although their 
exact chemical nature is not determined. 

lithemic (lith-e'-mik) [lithemia]. Pertaining to or 
suffering from lithemia. 

lithepsy (lith-ep'-se). See lithodialysis. 

lithia (lith'-e-ah) [lithium], LbO. Lithium oxide, 
l.-water, mineral water containing lithium salts in 
solution. 

lithiasis {lith-i'-as-is) [Kidos, a stone]. The forma- 
tion of calculi in the body. 

lithiatry (lith-i'-at-re). The medicinal treatment of 
calculus. 

lithic (lith'-ik). 1. Pertaining to calculi. 2. Per- 
taining to lithium. 1. acid. See acid, uric. 1. dia- 
thesis, the tendency to gout. 

lithica (lith'-ik-ah). Agents counteracting lithiasis. 

lithiolaxine (lith-e-o-laks'-en). A proprietary 
effervescing preparation containing lithium citrate, 
5 grains, and sodium phosphate, 30 grains, in each 
teaspoonful. It is used as an hepatic stimulant. 

lithiopiperazin (lith-e-o-pip' -er-az-in) . A combina- 
tion of lithium and piperazin which forms a granular 
powder readily soluble in water. It is antiarthritic. 
Dose 15-45 gr. (1-3 Gm.) daily. 

lithium {lith'-e-um) [Kidos, a stone]. Symbol Li; 
atomic weight 6.94; quantivalence 1. A soft, silver- 
white metal belonging to the group of alkalies. It is 
the lightest solid element, having a specific gravity 
of 0.585. The salts of lithium are used in medicine 
for their solvent power of uric acid, with which 
they form easily soluble salts. They are, therefore, 
employed in rheumatic and gouty affections. 1. ace- 
tate, LiC2H302+2H20, colorless crystals soluble in 
water; diuretic. Dose 8-24 gr. (0.52-1.6 Gm.). 
1. arsenate, 2Li3As04 +H2O, an alterative. Dose <JV- 
^gr. (0.001-0.004 Gm.). 1. benzoate (lithii benzoas, 
U. S. P.). Dose 5-30 gr. (0.32-2.0 Gm.). 1. bitar- 
trate, LiCjHsOe . H2O. It is diuretic and laxative, 
and is used in gout. Dose 5 gr. (0.3 Gm.). 1. bro- 
mide (lithii bromidum, U. S. P.), has the action of the 
bromides. Dose 15-30 gr. (1-2 Gm.). 1. carbonate 
(lithii carbonas, U. S. P.). Dose 5~i5 gr. (0.32-1.0 
Gm.). l.-carmin, a solution of carmin in lithium 
carbonate, used as a stain for tissue. 1. citrate (lithii 
citras, U. S. P.). Dose 10-30 gr. (0.65-2.0 Gm.). 



1. citrate, effervescent (lithii citras effervescens, U. S. 
P.). Dose 1 dr. (4 Gm.). 1. dithiosalicylate, LL-Cu- 
H8S2O6, used in gout and rheumatism. Dose 3-10 
gr. (0.2-0.65 Gm.). l.-diuretin. Same as uropherin. 
1. formate, LiCHC^+ILO; used in rheumatism and 
gout. Dose I oz. (15 Cc.) 1 % aqueous solution. 

1. glycerophosphate, 1. glycerophosphate, LbPOv 
C3H5(OH)2; a nerve-tonic. Dose 8-15 gr. (0.5-1.0 
Gm.). 1. iodate, LHO3, used in gout. Dose i|-3 gr. 
(0.1-0.2 Gm.). 1. iodide, Lil, used in chronic sciatica 
and gout. Dose 1-5 gr. (0.06-0.32 Gm.). 1. salicy- 
late (lithii salicylas, U. S. P.). Dose 20-40 gr. (1.3- 

/OH 
2.6 Gm.). 1. sozoiodolate, C6H2— 12 white 

\S03Li, 
plates; used as an antiseptic. 1. sulphoichthyolate, 
used in rheumatism. Dose 8 gr. (0.5 Gm.). 1. 
valerate, 1. valerianate, LiCsH^, antispasmodic, 
antilithic. Dose 5-15 gr. (0.32-1.0 Gm.). 

lithiuria (lith-e-u'-re-ah) [litho-; olpov, urine]. 
Lithuria, q. v. 

litho- (lith-o-) [Kidos, a stone]. A prefix denoting 
relation to stone or to calculi. 

lithobexis (lith-o-beks'-is) [litho-; (Mil-, cough]. 
Cough with expectoration of calcareous particles. 

lithobiotic (lith-o-bi-ot'-ik). See cryptobiotic. 

lithocenosis (lith-o-sen-o'-sis) [litho-; Kevuais, evacu- 
ation]. The extraction of the fragments of calculi 
that have been crushed. 

lithoclast (lith'-o-klast): See lithotrite. 

lithoclastic (lith-o-klas'-tik) [litho- ; KKaeiv, to break]. 
Relating to the surgical crushing of a calculus in the 
bladder. 

lithoclasty (lith'-o-klas-te). Lithotrity, q. v. 

lithoclysmia (lith-o-kliz'-me-ah) [litho-; kKvo-ho., 
clyster]. An injection of solvent liquids into the 
bladder for the removal of calculi. 

lithocystotomy (lith-o-sis-tof -o-me) [litho-; kvo-tis, 
bladder; row, a cut]. Lithotomy, q. v. 

lithocysturia (lith-o-sis-tu'-re-ah) [litho-; kvo-tis, 
bladder; ovpov, urine]. Disease of the bladder caused 
by lithuria. 

lithodectasy (lith-o-dek'-tas-e). Lithectasy, q. v. 

lithodialysis (lith-o-di-al'-is-is) [litho-; SloKvclv, to 
dissolve]. 1. The solution of calculi in the bladder. 

2. The operation of breaking a vesical calculus previ- 
ous to its removal. 

lithodialytic (lith-o-di-al-it'-ik) [litho-; SiaKveiv, 
to dissolve]. Relating to or causing lithodialysis. 

lithofellic (lith-o-fel'-ik) [litho-; fel, the gall- 
bladder]. Relating to biliary lithiasis. 

lithogenesis (lith-o-jen'-es-is) [litho-; ykveais, gene- 
sis]. The formation of calculi or stones. 

lithogenous (lith-oj'-en-us) [litho-; yewav, to beget]. 
Pertaining to or causing the formation of calculi 
or stones. 

lithogeny (lith-oj'-en-e). See lithogenesis. 

lithoid, lithoidal (lith'-oid, lith-oid'-al) [litho-; 
eUos, like]. Resembling a stone. 

lithokelyphopedion (lith-o-kel-if-o-pe'-de-on) [litho- ; 
nkKv<pos, shell; vaibiov, child]. Calcification of the 
fetus and the fetal membranes. 

lithokelyphos (lith-o-kel'-if-os) [litho-; k£Kv<pos, an 
eggshell]. See lithopedion. 

lithokonion (lith-o-ko' -ne-on) [litho-; kovl&v, to 
pulverize]. An instrument formerly used in pulver- 
izing vesical calculi. 

litholabe (lith' -o-lab) [litho-; Kafieiv, to seize]. An 
instrument for grasping and holding a vesical calculus 
during an operation for its removal. 

litholaby (lith-ol'-a-be). See lithotrity. 

litholapaxy (lith-ol-ap-ak'-se) [litho-; Kaira^s, 
removal]. An operation for crushing a stone in the 
bladder and removing the fragments at the same sit- 
ting. 

litholein (lith-o' -le-in) [litho-; oleum, oil]. A sub- 
stance similar to vaselin, and, because of its anti- 
septic and antiparasitic qualities, proposed as a sub- 
stitute for it. It is oily, of neutral reaction, without 
smell or taste, and contains no fat. 

lithology (lith-ol'-o-je) [litho-; Kbyos, science]. The 
science of the nature and treatment of calculi. 

litholysis (Uth-oV -is-is) . See lithodialysis. 

litholyte (lith'-o-lit) [litho-; Kveiv, to loose]. A 
catheter used in the litholytic treatment of calculi. 

litholytic (lilh-o-lit'-ik) [litho-; Kvea>, to loosen]. 
Pertaining to litholysis, or the dissolving of calculi 
in the bladder. 

lithomalacia (lith-o-mal-a'-se-ah) [litho-; na.Ko.Kla. 



LITHOMETER 



518 



LITUATE 



softness]. The softening of a stone in the bladder; 
the softening of any calculus. 

lithometer (lith-om'-et-er) [litho-; p.krpov, measure]. 
An instrument for estimating the size of a vesical 
calculus. 

lithometra (lith-o-me'-trah) [litho-; \xi\rpa., womb]. 
Ossification or concretion of, or within, the uterus. 

lithomyl {lith'-o-mil) [litho-; p.vkr), mill]. An 
instrument for pulverizing a calculus. 

lithonephria (lith-o-nef'-re-ah) [litho-; ve<pp6s, kid- 
ney]. Disease due to renal calculus. 

lithonephritis (lith-o-nef-ri'-tis) [litho-; ve<ppbs, kid- 
ney; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the kidney 
due to the presence of renal calculi. 

lithonephrosis (lith-o-nef-ro'-sis). See nephrolithi- 
asis. 

lithonephrotomy {lith-o-nef-rot'-o-me) [litho-; ve<ppb%, 
kidney; tow, a cutting]. Incision of the kidney for 
the removal of a renal calculus. 

lithontripsy (lith-on-trip'-se) [litho-; rplfieiv, to rub]. 
Synonym of lithotripsy, q. v. 

lithontriptic (lith-on-trip'-tik) [litho-; rpl0eiv, to 
rub]. See lithotriptic and antilithic. 

lithontriptor (lith-on-trip'-tor) [litho-; Tpifietv, to 
rub]. A lithotrite. 

lithopedion (lith-o-pe'-de-on) [litho-; iraiUov, child]. 
A retained fetus that has undergone calcareous 
infiltration. 

lithophone {lith'-o-fon) [litho-; <j>uvri, sound]. An 
instrument for detecting by sound the presence of 
calculi in the bladder. 

lithoplatomy (lith-o-plat'-om-e) [litho-; irXaros, 
wide]. Removal of a vesical calculus by dilating 
the urethra. 

lithoplaxy (lith-o-plaks'-e). See lithotrity. 

lithoprion (lith-op'-re-on) [litho-; -wplwv, a saw]. 
An instrument for sawing instead of crushing a 
vesical calculus. 

lithoprisy (lith-op'-riz-e) [litho-; wplais, sawing]. 
The operation of sawing through a stone in the 
bladder. 

lithopthisis (lith-off'-this-is) [litho-; <j>6L<ns, phthisis]. 
Tuberculosis of the lungs with calcareous concre- 
tions. 

lithoscope (lith'-o-skop) [litho-; o-Koirelv, to ex- 
amine]. An instrument for the detection and ex- 
amination of calculi in the bladder. 

lithosis (lith-o'-sis) [\ldos, a stone]. A diseased 
condition of the lung caused by the inhalation and 
deposition in the lung tissue of particles of silica or 
aluminum silicate. Syn., grinders' lung. 

lithotecnon (lith-o-tek'-non) [litho-; rkuvov, child]. 
Same as lithopedion, q. v. 

lithoterethrum, lithoteretron (lith-o-ter'-eth-rum, 
lith-o-ter' -et-ron) [litho-; rkperpov, gimlet]. A litho- 
trite. 

lithothlibia (lith-o-thlib'-e-ah) [litho-; 6\l&eiv, to 
press]. The operation of crushing a vesical calculus 
between a sound introduced into the bladder and a 
finger in the rectum or vagina. 

lithothryptic (lith-o-thrip'-tic) [litho-; Opvittlkos, 
breaking]. Same as lithotritic. 

lithothryptist (lith-o-thrip' -list) [litho-; Qpb-wrtiv, 
to break]. One who practises lithotrity. 

lithothryptor {lith-o-thrip' -tor) [litho-; Opvirreiv, to 
break]. An instrument used in lithotrity. 

lithothrypty (lith-o-thrip' -te) [litho-; Opvirreiv, to 
break]. Lithotrity; the operation of crushing a 
calculus. 

lithotome (lith'-o-tom) [litho-; ropy, a cutting]. 
A cutting-instrument for use in lithotomy. 

lithotomist (lith-ot'-o-mist) [see lithotome], A 
surgeon who performs lithotomy. 

lithotomy (lith-ot'-o-me) [see lithotome]. Incision 
into the bladder to remove a calculus. 1., bilateral, 
a lithotomy performed by a curved transverse 
incision just in front of the rectum. 1., high. See 
/., suprapubic. 1., Italian, median lithotomy. 1., 
lateral, one in which the incision is made in front of 
the rectum and to one side, generally the left, of the 
raphe. 1., lithontriptic, a perineal incision following 
lithotrity for removal of debris of calculi. 1., median, 
1., marian, one in which the incision is made in the 
median line in front of the anus. 1., mediolateral, 
that in which the perineal incision is made in the 
median line, and the prostatic incision laterally. 
1. position, a position in which the patient rests 
on his back with the thighs flexed on the abdomen 
and the legs flexed on the thighs, the knees being 
widely abducted. 1., quadrilateral, a modification 



of bilateral lithotomy with four incisions of get 
prostate. 1., rectal, that done by an incision throuhh 
the rectum. 1., spontaneous, expulsion of a calculus 
by ulceration through the bladder and perineum. 
1., suprapubic, lithotomy in which the incision is 
made above the pubis, at a point where the bladder 
is not covered by peritoneum. 1., vaginal, one in 
which the incision is made through the vaginal wall. 

lithotony (lith-ot'-o-ne) [litho-; relveiv, to stretch]. 
Removal of a vesical calculus through an artificial 
fistula, which is gradually dilated. 

lithotresis (lith-o-tre'-sis) [litho-; rprja-is, a boring]. 
The drilling of holes through a calculus, as a step in 
its destruction and removal. 

lithotripsy (lith'-o-trip-se) [litho-; rplfieiv, to crush]. 
The operation of crushing calculi in the bladder. 

lithotriptic (lith-o-trip'-tik) [see lithotripsy], i. Re- 
lating to lithotripsy. 2. Capable of dissolving vesi- 
cal calculi. 

lithotriptor {lith-o-trip'-tor) [see lithotripsy]. An 
instrument for crushing calculi in the bladder. 

lithotrite (lith'-o-trit) [litho-; terere, to rub]. An 
instrument for crushing a vesical calculus. 

lithotritic (lith-o-trit'-ik) [litho-; terere, to rub]. 
Pertaining to lithotrity. 

lithotrypterion (lith-o-trip-ter'-e-on) [litho- ; rpifieiv, 
to rub]. A small lithotrite. 

lithotrity (lith-of -rit-e) [see lithotrite]. The process 
of crushing a stone in the bladder, with the lithotrite, 
into fragments small enough to pass through the 
urethral canal. 

lithous (lith'-us). Having the nature of a stone. 

lithoxyduria (lilh-oks-id-u'-re-ah) [litho-; 6|i/s, acid; 
ovpov, urine]. The morbid presence of xanthic oxide 
in the urine. 

lithuresis (lith-u-re'-sis) [Kldos, a stone; ovpycns, 
urination]. The voiding of small calculi with the 
urine. 

lithureteria {lith-u-re-te'-re-ah) [\L6os, a stone; 
ovpriTrjp, a ureter]. A diseased condition of the 
ureter due to the presence of calculi. 

lithuria (lith-u'-re-ah) [lithium; ovpov, urine]. A 
condition marked by excess of lithic acid or its salts 
in the urine. 

litigation symptoms. Various vague manifesta- 
tions of nervous shock following injury, concerning 
which the question of malingering arises, and which 
may become the subject of medico-legal inquiry. 

litmus (lit'-mus) [Dutch, lack, lac; moes, pulp]. 
A blue pigment obtained from Roccella tinctoria, a 
lichen. It is employed for determining the presence 
of acids and alkalies, l.-paper, blue, unsized paper 
steeped in a solution of litmus; it turns red on contact 
with acid solutions, l.-paper, red, unsized colored 
paper steeped in a solution of litmus colored red with 
acid; it turns blue on contact with alkaline solutions. 

litrameter (Jit-ram' -et-er) [\irpa, pound; pkrpov, 
measure]. An instrument for ascertaining the speci- 
fic gravity of fluids. 

litre (le'-ter). See liter. 

Litsea (lit'-se-ah) [Japanese]. A genus of plants 
of the order Laurinece. L. cubeba is used as a con- 
diment and stomachic. L. trinervia is a species 
resembling myrrh. The entire plant has stimulant 
and diuretic properties. The root is used as a vermi- 
fuge and emmenagogue. The berries yield an oil 
used as a remedy in skin diseases and on old wc unds. 

Litten's sign (Jit' -en) [Moritz Litten, German 
physician, 1845-1907]. Retraction of the lateral 
portion of the thorax, where the diaphragm is in- 
serted, the retracted portions being lowered during 
inspiration and arising during expiration. It is 
absent in pleuritic adhesions, effusion into the pleural 
cavity, emphysema, etc. Syn., diaphragmatic phe- 
nomenon. 

litter (lit'-er) [lectus, a couch]. A stretcher or 
couch with handles for carrying the sick or wounded. 

Little's disease (lit'-el) [William John Little, 
English surgeon, 1810-1894]. Congenital muscular 
rigidity; spastic cerebral diplegia of infancy. 

Littre's colotomy (le-tra') [Alexis Littre, French 
surgeon, 1658-1726]. The making of an opening 
into the colon through the left iliac region. L.'s 
glands, the small racemose muciparous glands in 
the mucous membrane of the urethra. L.'s hernia, 
a hernia in which only a diverticulum of the bowel is 
affected. The term is improperly applied to Richter's 
hernia. „ L.'s sinus, the transverse sinus. 

lituate (lit'-u-at) [lituus, an augur's staff]. Forked, 
with the points bent slightly outward. 



LIVE 



519 



LOBELINE 



live (liv). Living; animate; manifesting life, 
l.-birth, birth characterized by "the manifestation 
of some certain sign or signs of life by the child after 
it is completely born." l.-blood, the name given to 
the sensation of fluttering in the eyelid, due to 
spasmodic action of the orbicularis palpebrarum 
muscle. 

live (liv). To continue in being. To have life. 

livedo (liv-e'-do) [liver e, to grow black]. Same as 
Uridity. 

liver (liv'-er) [AS., lifer] The largest gland in the 
body, situated on the right side of the abdominal 
cavity, just below the diaphragm, and forming an 
appendage of the digestive tract. Its functions are: 
the secretion of bile; the formation and storage of 
glycogen; the production, at least at a certain period 
of development, of blood-corpuscles; the destruction 
of blood-corpuscles; the formation of a large quantity 
of urea; the retention and destruction of certain 
poisonous substances absorbed from the intestinal 
tract. Anatomically, it consists of five lobes — the 
right, the left, the lobus Spigelii, the lobus quad- 
ratus, and the lobus caudatus. These lobes are 
made up of lobules or acini, and these again of hepatic 
cells, capillaries, arteries, veins, lymphatics, and 
biliary channels, each lobule being surrounded by 
connective tissue. The weight of the liver is between 
50 and 60 ounces. 1., albuminoid. See I., amyloid. 
1., amyloid, one the seat of amyloid degeneration. 
L, beavertail, one the left lobe of which resembles in 
form a beaver's tail. 1., biliary cirrhotic, one the 
seat of chronic inflammation, the result of obstruc- 
tion and distention of the bile-ducts. 1., cardiac, 
hepatic congestion with pulsation accompanied by 
disease of the right side of the heart. 1., cirrhotic, 
one the seat of chronic inflammation, with over- 
growth of the connective tissue and atrophy of the 
parenchyma. 1., degraded, a human liver divided 
into an unusual number of lobes, l.-dextrin, a 
carbohydrate found in the liver. 1., fatty, one with 
marked fatty infiltration and degeneration. 1., 
floating, a movable condition of the liver, with 
displacement, l.-fiuke, a hepatic parasitic worm. 
1., foam-, a liver containing many gas-filled cavities 
which give it a spongy or foamy texture. It is due 
to Bacillus aerogenes capsulatus. 1., gin-drinkers', 
the liver of atrophic cirrhosis. 1., hobnail. See 
hobnail liver. 1., icing-. See icing-liver. 1., nut- 
meg, a condition of the liver occurring in heart dis- 
ease, fatty infiltration, and amyloid disease. The 
surface of a section has a peculiar mottled appear- 
ance, the center of the lobules being dark, the peri- 
phery light, in color. 1., scrofulous, an albuminoid 
fiver, l.-spot, chloasma. 1., syphilitic, one the seat 
of gummata, which, on healing, leave scars, or of a 
diffuse inflammation that may lead to cirrhosis, with 
atrophy or, especially in hereditary syphilis, enlarge- 
ment. 1., tightlace, one in which the right lobe 
is thickened vertically from compression, marked 
by the ribs, and atrophic from constant pressure by 
tight stays. Syn., corset-liver. 1., wandering, a dis- 
placed liver. 1., waxy. See I., amyloid. 

liverwort (liv'-er-wert). See hepatica. 

livid (liv' -id) [liver e, to be dark]. Discolored from 
the effects of congeston or contusion; black and blue; 
pale lead-color. 

lividity (liv-id'-it-e) [livid]. The state of being 
livid. 1., cadaveric, 1., postmortem, the reddish or 
bluish discoloration in the dependent parts of a corpse, 
due to the gravitation of the blood. 

livor (li'-vor) [livid]. Lividity. 

livores mortis (li-vor'-ez mor'-tis) [L.]. Livid 
blotches seen on cadavers. 

liriviation (liks-iv-e-a'-shun) [see lixivium]. The 
process of leaching ashes. Also, the process of separ- 
ating by solution any alkaline salt from the insoluble 
impurities with which it is mixed. 

lixivium (liks-iv'-e-um) [lixivia, lye]. The filtrate 
obtained by leaching ashes; practically a solution 
of an impure potassium hydroxide. 

Lizars' operation (Jti'-zarz) [John Lizars, Scotch 
surgeon, 1787-1860]. A method of exposing the 
upper jaw by cutting through the cheek, from the 
angle of the mouth to the malar bone. 

L. K. Q. C. P. I. Abbreviation of Licentiate of 
the King and Queen's College of Physicians of 
Ireland. 

llareta (lar-e'-tah). A remedy recommended in 
the treatment of blennorrhagia, said to be the fluid- 
extract of Haplopappus slarcta, of Chili. 



LL.B. Abbreviation of Legum Baccalaureus, 
Bachelor of Laws. 

LL.D. Abbreviation of Legum Doctor, Doctor of 
Laws. 

L. M. A. Abbreviation for left mentoanterior 
position of the fetus in utero. 

L. M. P. Abbreviation for left mentoposterior 
position of the fetus in utero. 

L. M. R. C. P. Abbreviation for Licentiate in 
Midwifery of the Royal College of Physicians. 

L. M. S. Abbreviation for Licentiate in Medicine 
and Surgery. 

L. M. S. S. A. Abbreviation for Licentiate in 
Medicine and Surgery of the Society of Apothecaries 
(of London) . 

L. O. A. Abbreviation for left occipitoanterior 
position of the fetus in utero. 

loam (lorn). A mixture of clay, sand, and humus. 

lobar (lo'-bar). Pertaining to a lobe. 1. pneu- 
monia. See pneumonia, lobar. 

lobate (lo'-bdt). Having lobes. 

lobe (lob) [lobus, a lobe]. A more or less rounded 
part or projection of an organ, separated from neigh- 
boring parts by fissures and constrictions, as the 
lobes of the liver, of the brain, etc. 1., biventral, the 
lateral continuation into the hemisphere of the 
pyramidal lobe. 1., cacuminal, the superior semi- 
lunar lobe of the cerebellum. 1., caudate, the tail- 
like process of the liver. 1., central. 1. The island 
of Reil. 2. One of the lobes of the cerebellum. 
l.s of the cerebellum, each cerebellar hemisphere is 
divided into the following lobes: on the upper surface, 
the anterior or square lobe and the posterior or 
semilunar lobe; on the under surface, the flocculus 
or subpeduncular lobe, the amygdala or tonsil, the 
digastric lobe, the slender lobe, and the inferior 
posterior lobe, l.s of the cerebrum, the primary 
lobes into which each cerebral hemisphere is divided; 
they are: the frontal, parietal, occipital, temporo- 
sphenoidal, and central, or island of Reil. See brain 
and convolution. 1., clival, the parts of the cere- 
bellum between the preclival and postclival fissures. 
1., crescentic, anterior and posterior, two lobes on 
the upper surface of each cerebellar hemisphere. 
1., culminal, a part of the prevermis of the cerebellum. 
1., frontal, that part of the cerebral hemisphere in 
front of the central and above the Sylvian fissures. 
1., gracile, the anterior and posterior slender lobules 
of the cerebellum combined, l.s of the liver. See 
liver. 1., marginal, the first frontal convolution run- 
ning along the margin of the longitudinal fissure. 
1., nodular, the nodulus and flocculus of the cere- 
bellum combined. 1., olfactory, the rhinencephalon. 
l.s, optic, the corpora quadrigemina. 1., orbital, 
that part of the frontal lobe which rests on the 
orbital plate of the frontal bone. 1., parietal, that 
part of the cerebral hemisphere back of the central 
and above the Sylvian fissures. 1., pyramidal, that 
part of the cerebellum making up the prominence of 
the postvermis. 1., quadrate. 1. The anterior and 
posterior crescentic lobes of the cerebellum combined. 
2. An oblong lobe on the inferior surface of the liver. 
1., slender, the fourth of the five lobes on the under 
surface of each hemisphere of the cerebellum. 1., 
Spigelian. See lobus Spigelii. 1., temporal, that 
part of the cerebral hemisphere below the Sylvian 
and in front of the exoccipital fissures. 1., tuberal, 
the inferior semilunar and slender lobes of the cere- 
bellum combined. 1., uvular, the uvula and amygdala 
of the cerebellum combined. 

lobectomy (lo-bek'-to-me) [lobe; i/cropr), excision]. 
Excision of a lobe of an organ or gland. 

lobelia (lo-be'-le-ah) [de Lobel, French botanist]. 
The lobelia of the U. S. P. is the leaves and tops of 
L. inflata, of the order Lobeliacece. It contains a 
liquid alkaloid, lobeline; an acid, .lobelic acid; an 
acrid body, lobelacrin; and a crystalline substance, 
inflatin. Lobelia is expectorant, antispasmodic, 
and emetic, and has been used in asthma, whooping- 
cough, and other bronchial affections. A North 
American species, L. syphilitica, has been used as 
an antisyphilitic. 1., fiuidextract of (fluidextr actum 
lobelia, U. S. P.), an acetic acid menstruum. Dose 
8 min. (0.5 Cc). 1., tincture of (tincture lobelia, 
U. S. P.). Dose 10-30 min. (0.65-2.0 Cc). 

lobeline (lo-be'-len) [lobelia]. 1. A precipitate from 
the tincture of Lobelia inflata; an emetic, nervine, 
antispasmodic, resolvent, and relaxant. Dose, as 
an emetic, 1-3 gr. (0.06-0.2 Gm.) in warm water, 
repeated in 10 minutes if necessary; as a diaphoretic 



LOBENGULISM 



520 



LOCULUS 



and expectorant, J-| gr. (0.016-0.032 Gm.). 2. An 
actively poisonous alkaloid from Lobelia inflata. 
1. hydrobromide, used in pseudoangina pectoris and 
asthma. Dose, adults, f-6 gr. (0.05-0.4 Gm.) 
daily; children, |-f gr. (0.01-0.05 Gm.) daily. 1. 
sulphate, used in asthma, epilepsy, etc. Dose 1 gr. 
(0.06 Gm.) daily, gradually increasing to 3-8 gr. 
(0.2-0.52 Gm.) daily. 

lobengulism (lo-ben'-gu-lizm). A condition marked 
by a general increase of subcutaneous fat, associated 
with partial or complete abeyance of sexual function. 
In men there is an enlargement of the mammary 
glands with failure of sexual appetite, and in women 
a cessation of menstruation. 

lobopodium (lo-bo-po'-de-um) [pi., lobopodia]. A 
pseudopodium which is broad and thick. Cf. filo- 
podium. 

Lobstein's cancer (ldb'<-stin) [Johann Georg Chris- 
tian Friedrich Martin Lobstein, German pathologist, 
1777-1835]. Retroperitoneal sarcoma. L.'s dis- 
ease, osteopsathyrosis; fragility of the bones. L.'s 
ganglion, a small gangliform swelling of the great 
splanchnic nerve a short distance above the dia- 
phragm. 

lobular (lob'-u-lar) [lobulus]. Pertaining to, 
resembling, or composed of lobules. 1. pneumonia, 
bronchopneumonia. 

lobulated (lob'-u-la-ted) [lobule]. Consisting of 
lobes or lobules. 

lobule (lob'-ul) [see lobulus]. A small lobe. 1., 
cuneate. See cuneus. 1., fusiform, the subcollateral 
gyrus. L, paracentral, the superior connecting 
convolution of the ascending frontal and ascending 
parietal gyri. 1., parietal, one of the two parts (in- 
ferior and superior) into which the parietal lobe is 
divided by the horizontal portion of the intraparietal 
fissure. 

lobulet (lob'-u-lef) [dim. of lobulus, a lobule]. A 
minor lobule, especially of the lung; a group, or series 
of groups, of five or six air-sacs connected with the 
dilated end of a bronchiole. 

lobulus (lob'-u-lus) [dim. of lobus; pi., lobuli). 
A lobule. 1. auriculae, the lobe of the ear. 1. bi- 
venter, the biventral lobe. 1. caudatus, the tailed 
lobe of the liver that separates the right extremity 
of the transverse fissure from the commencement 
of the fissure for the inferior vena cava, lobuli 
cerebelli spinales, Gordon's name for amygdalae 
cerebelli. 1. cerebelli tener, 1. gracilis, the slender 
lobe. 1. parietalis exterior or superior, the superior 
parietal gyrus. 1. parietalis inferior, the subparietal 
gyrus. 1. posteroparietalis, the ascending parietal 
gyrus. 1. quadratus, the square lobe upon the inferior 
surface of the right lobe of the liver, lobuli renales, 
the Malpighian pyramids. 1. rolandicus anterior, 
the ascending frontal gyrus. 1. rolandicus posterior, 
the ascending parietal gyrus. 1. Spigelii, the lobule 
projecting from the posterior portion of the inferior 
surface of the liver, lobuli testiculi, 1. testis, pyra- 
midal or conoid lobules varying in size and number 
(250-400) and converging to the mediastinum, which 
make up the glandular substance of the testis. 
Each lobule consists of from one to six seminiferous 
tubules. 

lobus (lo'-bus) [L., a lobe]. A lobe. Any well- 
defined, rounded part of an organ. 1. caudatus, 
the caudate lobe; see lobulus. 1. opertus, the insula 
of the brain. 1. quadratus. See lobulus. 1. Spigelii, 
a prominent oblong lobe on the posterior surface of 
the liver. 

local (lo'-kal). Limited to a part or place; not 
general. 1. asphyxia, a stage of Raynaud's disease, 
q. v. 

localization (lo-kal-iz-a'-shun) [local]. 1. The 
determination of the seat of a lesion. 2. The 
limitation of a process to a particular place; the 
opposite of generalization. 3. The faculty of locating 
sensory impressions. 1., cerebral, the determination 
of the position of the centers in the brain that preside 
over certain physiological acts or of the seat of patho- 
logical conditions interfering with the proper function 
of these centers. 1., experimental, the localization 
of brain-centers through experiments on animals. 

localized (lo'-kal-lzd). Confined to a particular 
place. 

locative (lok'-at-iv) [locare, to place]. Indicating 
relative position in a series. 1. name, one that indi- 
cates the location of an organ or part; e. g., post cava. 

lochia (lo'-ke-ah) [Xoxios, pertaining to child-birth]. 
The discharge from the genital organs during the 



first few weeks (from two to four) after labor. 
1. alba, the whitish flow that takes place from about 
the seventh day. 1. cruenta, 1. rubra, the sanguineous 
flow of the first few days. 1. serosa, the serous 
discharge taking place about the fifth day. 

lochial (Jio'-ke-al) [lochia]. Pertaining to the 
lochia. 

lochiometra (lo-ke-o-me'-trah) [lochia; nvrpa, uter- 
us]. A collection of lochia in the uterus. 

lochiometritis (lo-ke-o-me-tri'-tis) [lochia; metritis]. 
Puerperal metritis. 

lochiopyra (lo-ke-op'-ir-ah) [lochia-; tn>p, fire, 
fever]. Puerperal fever. Same as lochopyra. 

lochiorrhagia (lo-ke-or-a'-je-ah) [lochia; p-qyvvvai, 
to burst forth]. An excessive flow of the lochia. 

lochiorrhea (lo-ke-or-e'-ah) [lochia; pola, a flow]. 
An abnormal flow of the lochia. 

lochioschesis (lo-ke-os'-kes-is) [lochia; ffx&ris, re- 
tention]. Suppression or retention of the lochia. 

lochodochium (lo-ko-do'-ke-um) [Xoxos, child-birth; 
Sexeadai, to receive]. A lying-in hospital; a mater- 
nity. 

lochometritis (lo-ko-me-tri'-tis) [lochia; p-vrpa, 
womb; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the 
uterus consequent upon delivery; puerperal metritis. 

lochometrophlebitis (lo-ko-me-tro-fle-bi'-tis) [lochia ; 
nvrpa, womb; 0X6/-, vein; ins, inflammation]. Phle- 
bitis of the uterine veins in puerperal women. 

lochoperitonitis (lo-ko-per-it-on-i'-iis). Inflamma- 
tion of the peritoneum following child-birth. 

lochopyra (lo-kop'-ir-ah) [lochia; irvp, fire, fever]. 
Puerperal fever. 

lochotyphus (lo-ko-ti'-fus) [lochia; rixpos, stupor]. 
Puerperal fever of a typhoid type. 

Lockard's treatment of typhoid. Continuous 
application of ice-bags to the axilla, popliteal space, 
back of neck, wrist, and ankle, to reduce temperature. 

lock-finger. A peculiar affection of the fingers in 
which they suddenly become fixed in a flexed posi- 
tion, due to the presence of a small fibrous growth 
in the sheath of the extensor tendon. 

lock-hospital. An English term for a hospital for 
the treatment of venereal diseases; it was originally 
kept with locked doors, whence the name. 

lockjaw. Tetanus; trismus. 

lock-spasm. A spasm of the fingers in which 
they become firmly flexed upon the object in their 
grasp, as upon the pen in writing. It is sometimes 
seen in writer's cramp. 

Lockwood's ligament (lok'-wood) [Charles Barrett 
Lockwood, English surgeon, 1858-1914]. The sus- 
pensory ligament of the eyeball, a curved fibrous 
band connected with Tenon's capsule, and supporting 
the eyeball on each side of the orbit. 

loco {lo'-ko) [Sp., "crazy"]. Loco-weed, various 
species of leguminous plants poisonous to cattle and 
horses, l.-disease, a local epizootic disease of cattle 
and horses induced by eating any of the plants 
called loco. 

locoed (lo'-kod). Affected with locoism. 

locoism(lo'-ko-izm). See loco-disease. 

locomotion (lo-ko-mo'-shun) [locus, place; mover e, 
to move]. Animal movement. 1. of an artery, the 
straightening out of a curved artery under the 
impulse of the pulse-wave. 

locomotive (lo-ko-mo'-tiv) [locus, a place; mover e, 
to move]. Moving from place to place; able to 
change its place; pertaining to locomotion. 1. pulse. 
See Corrigan's pulse. 

locomotivity (lo-ko-mo-tiv'-it-e) [locus, place; movere, 
to move]. The power to move from one place to 
another. 

locomotor (lo-ko-mo'-tor) [locus, a place; motor, a 
mover]. Pertaining to locomotion. 1. ataxia, 1. 
ataxy. See ataxia, locomotor, and tabes. 

locomotorial (lo-ko-mo-to'-re-al). Relating to the 
locomotorium. 

locomotorium (lo-ko-mo-to'-re-um) [locus, a place; 
motor, mover: pi., locomotoria]. In biology, the 
motive apparatus of an organism; the bones, muscles, 
and tendons. 

locomotory (lo-ko-mo'-tor-e) [locus, place; movere, 
to move]. Pertaining to locomotion. 

locum tenens (lo'-kum te'-nenz)' [L. "holding the 
place"]. A physician who temporarily takes charge 
of the patients and practice of another physician. 

locular, loculated (lok'-u-lar, lok'-u-la-ted) [loculus]. 
Divided into loculi. 

loculus (lok'-u-lus) [dim. of locus; pi., loculi]. A 
small space or compartment. 



LOCUS 



521 



LOOP 



locus (lo'-kus) [L.]. A place, spot, or organ. 
1. cinereus, 1. caeruleus, 1. ferrugineus, a bluish- 
tinted eminence on the fasciculi teretes of the fourth 
ventricle of the brain. 1. minoris resistentiae, a spot 
of diminished resistance. 1. niger, a dark area in the 
center of a section of the crus cerebri. 1. perforatus, 
a name given to the anterior and the posterior perfor- 
ated space at the base of the brain through which 
blood-vessels pass. 1. ruber, the red nucleus of the 
tegmentum. 

lodal (lo'-dal) . Trade name of an oxidation product 
of laudanosine, used to control uterine hemorrhage. 

Loebisch's formula (le'-bish). The product ob- 
tained by multiplying the last two figures of the 
specific gravity of the urine by 2.2 indicates the 
number of grams of solids in 1000 Cc. of urine. 

Loeffler's alkaline solution (lef'-ler) [Friedrich 
August Johannes Loeffler, German bacteriologist, 
1852-1915]. A mixture of 30 parts of a concentrated 
alcoholic solution of methyl ene-blue and 100 parts 
of a 1 : 10,000 aqueous solution of potassium hy- 
droxide. L.'s bacillus, the bacillus of diphtheria. 
See Klebs-Loeffler bacillus. L.'s blood-serum mixture, 
a mixture consisting of one part of neutral meat- 
infusion bouillon containing 1 % of glucose and 
three parts of blood-serum; it is used as a culture- 
medium. L.'s toluol solution, a solution recom- 
mended by Loeffler for the local treatment of diph- 
theria. It consists of menthol, 10 Gm.; toluol, 
sufficient to make 36 Cc; absolute alcohol, 60 Cc; 
solution of ferric chloride, 4 Cc. Another formula is: 
menthol, 10 Gm.; toluol, sufficient to make 36 Cc; 
creolin, 2 Cc; absolute alcohol, 65 Cc 

loeffleria (lef-le'-re-ah). A disease marked by the 
presence of Bacillus diphtheria. (Klebs and Loeffler), 
without diphtheritic symptoms. 

Loehlein's diameter. The distance between the 
center of the subpubic ligament and the antero- 
superiqr angle of the great sacrosciatic foramen. 

lcemia (lem'-e-ah). See loimia. 

lcemic (lem'-ik). See loimic. 

loemography (lem-og'-ra-fe) [Kolhos, plague; ypa<pet.v, 
to write]. See loimology. 

Icemoid (lem'-oid). See loimic. 

Icemology (lem-ol'-o-je). See loimology. 

lcemophtnalmia (lem-off-thal'-me-ah) [Xoi.uos, plague; 
ophthalmia]. A contagious ophthalmia. 

Loewe's ring (le'-veh). A bright circle which may 
appear in the visual field when the illumination is 
changed from blue to white. It surrounds the posi- 
tion of the dark ring that marks the macula lutea. 

Loewenberg's canal (le'-ven-berg) [Benjamin Benno 
Loewenberg, German laryngologist, 1836- ]. 
That portion of the cochlear canal situated above the 
membrane of Corti. 

Loewenthal's reaction (le'-ven-tahl) [Wilhelm 
Loewenthal, German physician, 1850-1894]. The 
agglutination of Spirochcetce Obermeieri, by the blood- 
serum of an individual affected with relapsing fever. 
L.'s test for glucose, a glucose solution boiled with a 
solution of ferric chloride, dissolved in tartaric acid 
and sodium carbonate, becomes dark and deposits 
an abundant precipitate of iron oxide. This test is 
not applicable to urine. L.'s tract, the descending 
anterolateral tract of the spinal cord. 

Loewitt's bodies (le'-vit). See lymphogonia. 

logadectomy (log-ad-ek'-to-me) [hoy&des, whites of 
the eyes; kuTopA), excision]. Excision of a piece of 
the conjunctiva. 

logades (log'-ad-ez) [KoyaSes]. The whites of the 
eyes; the sclerotic coats of the eyes. 

logaditis (log-ad-i'-lis) [\oyo8es, whites of the eyes; 
tTiy, inflammation]. Same as scleritis. 

logadoblennorrhea (log-ad-o-blen-or-e'-ah) [XoyaSes, 
whites of the eyes; &\kwa, mucus; pola, flow]. Con- 
junctival blennorrhea. 

logagnosia, logagnosis (log-ag-no'-ze-ah, -sis) [\6yos, 
a word; &, priv.; ypuais, a recognizing]. Aphasia; 
word-blindness. 

logagraphia (log-ag-raf'-e-ah) . Same as agraphia, q. v. 

logamnesia (log-am-ne'-ze-ah) [\6yos, a word; 
b.p.vT\ala, forgetfulness]. Word-deafness; word-blind- 
ness. 

loganin (log'-an-in) , CkHmOu. A glucoside ex- 
tracted from the seeds of Strychnos nux vomica. 

logo- (lo-go-) [X670S, a word]. A prefix meaning 
relating to words or speech. 

logodiarrhea (log-o-di-ar-e'-ah) [X670S, word; Sidp- 
fioia, a flowing through]. Excessive or maniacal 
loquacity. 



logograph (log'-o-graf) [\6yos, a word; ypacpeiv, to 
write]. 1. A written word. 2. Barlow's name for a 
device for recording spoken words. 

logographic (log-o-graf'-ik) [\6yos, word; ypa<ptiv, 
to write]. Pertaining to written words. 1. alalia, 
that in which the thoughts cannot be expressed in 
writing. 

logokophosis (log-o-kof-o'-sis) [logo-; kw<£w<us, 
deafness]. Word-deafness; incapacity to understand 
spoken language. 

logomania (log-o-ma'-ne-ah) [\6yos, word; p.avla, 
madness]. 1. Insanity chracterized by talkativeness. 
2. Aphasia. 

logoneurosis (log-o-nu-ro'-sis) [logo-; neurosis]. 
1. A neurosis marked by a speech-defect. 2. A 
neurosis attended with impairment of the mental 
powers. 

logopathy (log-op' -ath-e) [logo-; ira9os, disease]. 
A disease affecting the speech. 

logoplegia (log-o-ple' -je-ah) [logo-; irXriyri, stroke]. 
Loss of the power of uttering articulate speech. 

logorrhea (log-or-e'-ah) [logo-; poia, a flow]. Ex- 
cessive loquacity. 

logospasm (log'-o-spazm) [logo-; <nraxrp.os, spasm]. 
Spasmodic enunciation of words. 

logwood (log' -wood). See Hematoxylon. 

loimia (loi'-me-ah) [\oip.6s, plague]. A pestilence 
or plague. 

loimic (loi'-mik) [\01p6s, plague]. Pertaining to 
the plague or to any pestilence. 

loimography (loi-mog'-ra-fe) [Kolhos, plague; ypa<pet.v, 
to write]. A description of the plague. 

loimology (loi-mol'-o-je) [\oip.6s, plague; \6yos, 
science]. The science of contagious epidemic dis- 
eases. 

loimopyra (loi-mop'-ir-ah) [Koi/ios, plague; vvp, 
fire]. Pestilential fever. 

loin (lumbus, loin]. The lateral and posterior 
region of the body between the false ribs and the top 
of the pelvis. 

loka (lo'-ka). An arrow-poison, probably of the 
nux yomica group. 

lolism (lol'-izm). Poisoning by seeds of Lolium 
temulentum, which have found their way among 
grain and which contain a poisonous glucoside, 
loliin. It is marked by narcotic symptoms, vomiting, 
and diarrhea. 

lolium (lo'-le-um) [L., darnel]. A genus of grasses, 
one of which, L. temulentum, a poisonous darnel, is 
remarkable as one of the few grasses that appear to 
have poisonous qualities. Its seeds in particular 
are said to have narcotic qualities. 

Lombardy leprosy. Pellagra. 

loment (lo'-ment) [lomentum, a mixture of bean- 
meal and rice]. A legume that when ripe breaks 
transversely into joints. 

lomentum (lo-men' -turn) . Same as loment. 

lomilomi (lo'-me-lo'-me) [Hawaiian]. A kind of 
shampoo or massage, practised by the Polynesians. 

London paste. A caustic paste containing equal 
parts of caustic soda and unslaked lime. 

Long's coefficient [John Harper Long, American 
chemist, 1856- ]. The figures 2.6, by which the 
last two figures of the specific gravity of the urine 
are multiplied to obtain the number of grams of solids 
in 1000 Cc. of urine. 

longevity (lon-jev'-it-e) [longa, long; vita, life]. 
Long life. 

longimanus (lon-je-ma'-nus) [longus, long; manus, 
hand]. Long-handed. 

longing (long'-ing). The earnest desire for any- 
thing; it is a condition often present in the female 
during pregnancy. 

longipedate (lon-je-pe'-dat) [longus, long; pes, foot]. 
Long-footed. 

longissimus (lon-jis'-im-us) [superl. of longus, 
long]. Longest. 1. capitis, 1. cervicis. See trachelo- 
mastoid under muscle. 1. dorsi. See under muscle. 

longitudinal (lon-je-tu' -din-al) [longitudo, length]. 
Lengthwise; in the direction of the long axis of a 
body. 1. fissure. See fissure, interlobular. 

long-sightedness (long-sW -ed-nes) . See hyperopia. 

longus (lon'-gus) [L.]. Long. 1. capitis, the rectus 
capitis anticus major muscle. 1. colli. See under 
muscle. 

loop [Irish and Gael., lub, a bend]. 1. A bend in 
a cord or cord-like structure. 2. A platinum wire, 
in a glass handle, and with its extremity bent in a 
circular form; used to transfer bacterial cultures. 
1. of Henle. See Henle's loop. 



LOOSE 



522 



LUCIFERIN 



loose (loos). Lax; wanting power of restraint; 
as loose bowels. 1. ligature. See ligature. 

looseness (loos' -nes). Popular name for diarrhea. 
1. of the teeth, odontoseisis ; odontosismus ; this results 
from disease of the gums and the gradual destruction 
of the alveolar processes. 

L. O. P. Abbreviation for left occipitoposterior 
position of the fetus in utero. 

lophia (lo'-fe-ah) [X6<pos, the back of the neck]. 
The upper part of the back near the first dorsal 
vertebra. 

lophius (lo'-fe-us) [X6<£os, a ridge]. The ridge 
between two furrows or sulci of the ventricular 
surface of the brain. 

lophocomous (lo-fok'-om-us) [\6<t>os, a tuft; ko/xt), 
the hair of the head]. Having the hair in tufts. 

lophotrichea (lo-fo-trik'-e-ah). Bacteria with lo- 
photrichous ciliation. 

lophotrichous (lo-fof -rik-us) [\txpos, tuft; 0pi'£, hair]. 
Applied to that type of ciliation in microorganisms 
characterized by a tuft of flagella at each pole. 

loquacity (lo-kwas'-it-e) [loquacitas; loquax, talka- 
tive]. Volubility of speech; talkativeness; a condi- 
tion that is frequently excessive in various forms of 
mental disorder. 

Lorain type of infantilism (lor-dn'). Arrested 
physical development of unknown cause. 

lordoma (lor-do' -mah) [KopSow, to bend inward]. 
The anterior or forward incurvation of the spine. 

lordoscoliosis (lor-do-sko-le-o'-sis). Lordosis with 
scoliosis. 

lordosis (lor-do' -sis) [XopSow, to bend back]. 
A curvature of the spine with a forward convexity. 

lordotic (lor-dot'-ik). Bent with the convexity 
turned ventrad ; applied to the spinal column. 

Lorenz bloodless operation (lor'-enz) [Adolf 
Lorenz, Austrian surgeon, 1854- ]. For congenital 
dislocation of the hip: this consists in the reduction of 
the dislocation and fixation of the head of the femur 
against the rudimentary acetabulum until a socket 
is formed. L.'s hip-redresseur, an apparatus to 
correct faulty position and contraction of joints and 
hold the limb while fixation bandages are applied. 

Loreta's operation (lor-a'-tah) [Pietro Loreta, 
Italian surgeon, 1 831-1889]. 1. The forcible dilata- 
tion of the pylorus for the relief of stricture. 2. The 
treatment of aneurysm by the introduction of metal 
wire into the sac, through which an electric current 
is then passed. 

loretin (lor'-et-in), C9H6IO4SN. A nontoxic anti- 
septic used as a dusting-powder or in 5 to 10 % oint- 
ment or in 0.1 to 0.2 % aqueous solution. 

loripes (lor'-ip-ez) [lorum, a thong; pes, the foot]. 
1. Limber-footed. 2. Crook-footed; bandylegged. 
3. Talipes varus. 

losophan (lo'-so-fan). Triiodometacresol, C7H5I3O; 
a proprietary powder used in parasitic dermatoses. 

Lostorfer's corpuscles (los'-tor-fer). Granular 
masses said to have been found in the blood of 
syphilitic patients. 

lotio (lo'-she-o) [L.]. A lotion. 1. hydrargyri flava 
(B. P.), yellow mercurial lotion; yellow wash. 1. 
hydrargyri nigra (B. P.), black mercurial lotion; 
black wash. 

lotion (lo'-shun) [lotio). A medicinal solution for 
bathing a part; a wash. 

lotofiavin (lo-to-fla'-vin). A yellow pigment pro- 
duced by the lysis of lotusin. 

Lotus (lo'-tus) [Xwtoj, the lotus]. A genus of 
leguminous plants. L. arabicus yields a toxic gluco- 
side; lotusin, and a pigment, lotofiavin. 

lotusin (lo'-tus-in). A toxic glucoside in Lotus 
arabicus; it is derived from maltose and gives rise 
to prussic acid when acted upon by a hydrolytic 
enzyme. 

Louis' angle (loo'-e) [Antoine Louis, French 
surgeon, 1723-1792]. An angular projection existing 
in some individuals at the junction of the manubrium 
and body of the sternum. Syn., Angulus Ludovici. 

Louis' law (loo'-e) [Pierre Charles Alexander Louis, 
French physician, 1787-1872]. The lungs always 
contain tubercles when tuberculosis exists elsewhere 
in the body. 

louse (lows). See pediculus. 

lousiness (low'-ze-nes). See pediculosis. 

lousy (low'-ze). Affected with pediculosis. 

loutrotherapy (low-tro-ther'-ap-e) [Kovrpos, a bath; 
Bepairela, therapy]. The therapeutic use of artificial 
carbonated and Nauheim baths. 

lovage (luv'-aj) [OF., levesche, from ligusticum. 



lovage]. The root of Ligusticum levisticum and 
Levisticum officinale, plants of the order Umbellifera. 
Lovage is stimulant, aromatic, carminative, and em- 
menagogue. Dose of the fluidextract 1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc). 

Lower's tubercle (lou'-er) [Richard Lower, English 
anatomist, 1630-1691]. A slight prominence in the 
right auricle between the openings of the superior 
and the inferior venae cavae. 

loxa bark (loks'-ah). Pale cinchona; the bark of 
Cinchona officinalis. 

loxarthron (loks-ar'-thron) [Xo|6s, slanting; apdpov, 
a joint]. Any oblique or abnormal direction of a 
joint, not caused by spasm or luxation. 

loxarthrosis (loks-ar-thro'-sis) [Xo£6s, awry; &p6poi>, 
joint]. Distortion of a joint. 

loxia (loks'-e-ah). See torticollis. 

loxic (loks'-ik) [Xo£6s, oblique]. Distorted; awry; 
twisted. 

loxocyesis (loks-o-si-e'-sis) [Xo£6s, awry; Kv-qats, 
pregnancy]. Oblique displacement of the gravid 
uterus. 

loxodont, loxodontous (loks'-o-dont, loks-o-don'-tus) 
Xo£6s, aslant; 68ovs, tooth]. Having teeth placed at 
abnormal angles with the jaw. 

loxophthalmos (loks-off-thal'-mos). Synonym of 
strabismus, q. v. 

Loxopterygium (loks-o-ter-ij'-e-um) [Xo£6s, oblique; 
TrrepvZ, wing]. A genus of anacardiaceous trees. 
The bark of L. lorentzii and L. sagotii, the red que- 
bracho, is used as a substitute for cinchona. 

loxotomy (loks-ot'-o-me) [Ko£6s, oblique; ToyA], a 
cutting]. Amputation by oblique section. 

lozenge (loz'-enj) [OF., losenge]. A medicated 
tablet with sugar as a basis. 

L. R. C. P. Abbreviation of Licentiate of the 
Royal College of Physicians. 

L. R. C. S. Abbreviation of Licentiate of the 
Royal College of Surgeons. 

L. S. A. 1. Abbreviation of Licentiate of the 
Society of Apothecaries. 2. Abbreviation for left 
sacroanterior position of the fetus in utero. 

L. S. P. Abbreviation for left sacroposterior 
position of the fetus in utero. 

L. S. S. Abbreviation for Licentiate in Sanitary 
Science. 

L. S. Sc. Abbreviation for Licentiate in Sanitary 
Science. 

Lubarsch's crystals (loo'-barsh) [Otto Lubarsch, 
German pathologist, i860- ]. Minute crystals 
found postmortem in the epithelial cells of the testis 
and regarded as distinct from Boettcher's and 
Charcot's crystals. 

lubraseptic (lu-brah-sep'-tik). A disinfectant con- 
taining chondrus, boric acid, and formaldehyde. 

lubricant (lu'-brik-ant) [lubricare, to make smooth]. 
Making smooth, oily, or slippery. 

lubrication (lu-brik-a'-shun) [lubricare, to make 
smooth]. The process of making smooth or slippery 
by the application of a lubricant. 

lubrichondrin (lu-brik-on'-drin). A lubricant said 
to consist of Chondrus crispus, oil of eucalyptus, and 
formaldehyde. It is used in surgery. 

lubricity (lu-bris'-it-e) [lubricare, to make slippery]. 
A synonym of lasciviousness. 

lubricous (lu'-brik-us) [lubricus, lubricare, to make 
smooth]. Smooth, slippery. 

Luca's horizontal plane. One passing through the 
axis of the zygomatic arches. 

Lucas' sign (loo'-kas) [Richard Clement Lucas, 
English surgeon, 1846-1915].. Distention of the 
abdomen, an early sign of rickets. 

Lucas-Championniere's disease (loo-kah'-shom- 
pe-on-e-ar') [Just Marie Marcellin Lucas-Champi- 
onniere, French physician, 1843-1913]- Chronic 
pseudomembranous bronchitis. 

lucent (lu'-sent) [lucere, to shine]. Bright, shining. 

lucid (lu'-sid) [lucidus, clear]. Clear; shining; 
not obscure. 1. interval, the transitory return of the 
normal mental faculties in insane or delirious con- 
ditions. 

lucidification (lu-sid-if-ik-a'-shun) [lucid; facere, 
to make]. A clearing-up, especially a clearing-up 
of the protoplasm of cells. 

lucidity (lil-sid'-it-e) [lucidus, clear]. Clearness; 
lucid interval. 

lucidum (lu'-sid-um) [lucidus, clear]. Clear. 1., 
septum. See septum. 

luciferin (lu-sif'-er-in) [lux, lucis, light; ferre, to 
bear], A crystalline body obtained from the light- 
producing organs of certain animals. 



LUCIFER-MATCH 



523 



LUNULA 



lucifer-match disease or l.-match maker's disease. 
Necrosis of the iaw due to phosphorus-poisoning. 

lucifonn (lu'-sif-orm) [lux, light; forma, form]. 
Resembling light. 

lucifugal (lu-sif'-u-gal) [lux, light; fugere, to flee]. 
Fleeing from or avoiding light. 

Lucke's operation (loo'-keh). Excision of the 
infraorbital nerve by the pterygomaxillary route. 

lucomania (lu-ko-ma'-ne-ah) [Auras, wolf; navla, 
mania]. Same as lycanthropy, q. v. 

lucotherapy (lu-ko-ther'-ap-e) [lux, light; therapy]. 
Therapeutic use of light-rays. 

luetic (luk'-tik) [luctus, sorrow]. Sorrowful, giving 
evidence of suffering. 

Ludovic's angle (lood'-ov-ik). See Louis' angle. 

Ludwig's angina (lood'-vig) [Wilhelm Friedrich von 
hud-wig, German surgeon, 1790-1865]. Phlegmonous 
cellulitis of the neck, generally secondary to specific 
fevers, scurvy, etc. Syn., angina Ludovici. 

Ludwig's ganglion (lood'-vig) [Karl Friedrich 
Wilhelm Ludivig, German physiologist 1816-1895]. 
A collection of nerve-cells in the wall of the right 
auricle. 

ludyl (loo'-diV). An arsenical compound, said to 
be of benefit in syphilis. 

Luecke's reaction for hippuric acid (le'-keh) [Georg 
Albert Luecke, German surgeon, 1820-1804]. Add 
to the substance nitric acid at boiling temperature, 
and evaporate to dryness: an intense odor of nitro- 
benzol is produced on heating the residue. 

lues (lu'-es) [L.]. Formerly a pestilential disease; 
at present used as a euphemism for syphilis. 1. 
venerea, syphilis. 

luesan (lu'-es-an). An organic compound of mer- 
cury and glidine, said to be useful in syphilis. 

luetic (lu-et'-ik) [lues]. Affected with or relating 
to lues; syphilitic. 1. serum. See serum. 

luetin (lu'-et-in) [lues]. An extract of the killed 
cultures of several strains of the Treponema pallidum 
used in the Xoguchi reaction for syphilis, l.-reaction. 
See Xoguchi reaction. 

Luffa (luf'-ah) [Arab]. A genus of cucurbitaceous 
plants. L. acutangula, the strainer vine, of India, 
having an edible fruit, a purgative and emetic root, 
and oil-bearing seeds. L. amara has similar uses. 
L. cylindrica, the "wash-rag," "towel gourd," or 
"vegetable sponge," bears a fruit which when dry 
contains a sponge-like network of fibers. This is 
sometimes used as a substitute for a sponge or towel. 
L. echinata, the irritant poisonous fruit, is used in 
cholera and for colic. L. purgans, of S. America, 
affords a strongly purgative resin. 

Lugol's caustic (loo'-goT) [J. G. A. Lugol, French 
physician, 1786-1851]. A solution of iodine and 
potassium iodide, of each, one part, in water two 
parts. L.'s solution, a compound solution of iodine, 
containing iodine 5. potassium iodide 10, distilled 
water to 100; dose 3-6 itjj (0.2-0.4 Cc). 

lukewarm. Tepid; about the temperature of the 
body. 

lumbago (lum-ba'-go) [lumbus]. Pain in the loins. 

lumbar (lum'-bar) [lumbus]. Pertaining to the 
loins. 1. colotomy, colotomy performed in the 
lumbar region. 1. puncture. See puncture, lumbar. 
1. region. See under abdomen. 1. vertebra. See 
vertebra, lumbar. 

lumben (lum'-ben) [lumbus, the loin]. Belonging 
to the loin in itself. 

lumbifragium (lum-bif-ra'-je-um) [lumbus, loin; 
fr anger e, to break]. Lumbar hernia. 

lumbiplex (lum'-be-pleks). The lumbar plexus. 

lumbo- (lum-bo-) [lumbar]. A prefix meaning 
relating to the loins. 

lumboabdominal (lum-bo-ab-dom'-in-al) [lumbo-; 
abdomen]. Pertaining to the loin and the abdomen. 

lumbocolostomy (lum-bo-ko-los' -to-me) . Colostomy 
after lumbar incision. 

lumbocolotomy (lum-bo-ko-lot'-o-me) [lumbo-; k6\ov, 
colon; TOfi-fj, a cutting]. Incision of the colon through 
the loins. 

lumbocostal (lum-bo-kos'-tal) [lumbo-; costa, a rib]. 
Pertaining to the loins and ribs. 

lumbodorsal (lum-bo-dor'-sal) [lumbo-; dorsum, 
back]. Pertaining to the lumbar and dorsal regions. 

lumbodynia (lum-bo-din'-e-ah) [lumbo-; oSvmrj, 
pain]. Same as lumbago. 

lumboinguinal (lum-bo-in' -gwin-al) [lumbo-; inguen, 
groin]. Pertaining to the lumbar and inguinal 
regions. 

lumbosacral (lum-bo-sa'-kral) [lumbo-; sacrum]. 



Pertaining to the lumbar vertebra? and to the 
sacrum. 

lumbrical (lum'-brik-al). Relating to or resemb- 
ling a worm of the genus Lumbricus. 

Lumbricales (lum-brik-a'-lez). A genus of in- 
testinal worms. 

lumbricales (lum-brik-a'-lez) . See under muscle. 

lumbricide (lum'-bris-id) [lumbricus, earth-worm; 
ccedere, to kill]. A drug fatal to lumbricoid worms. 

lumbriciiorm (lum-bris'-if-orm). See lumbricoid. 

lumbricoid (lum'-brik-oid) [lumbricus; eldos, like- 
ness]. Pertaining to or resembling a lumbricus. 

lumbricosis (lum-brik-o'-sis). The condition of 
being infected with lumbricoids. t 

Lumbricus (lum'-brik-us) [L.]. A genus of worms, 
including the common earthworm and certain in- 
testinal worms. The latter are now termed Ascarides. 

lumbus [L.]. The loin. 

lumen (lu'-men) [L., "light"; pi., lumina]. The 
space inside of a tube, e. g., the lumen of a thermo- 
meter, blood-vessel, etc. 

lumina (lil'-min-ah). Plural of lumen, q. v. 

luminal (lu'-min-al). 1. Pertaining to the lumen of 
a blood-vessel or other tubular structure. 2. Trade 
name for a hypnotic said to consist of phenj-lethyl- 
barbituric acid. 

lurniniferous (lu-min-if -er-us) [lumen; ferre, to 
bear]. Conveying or bearing light. 

luminosity (lii-min-os' -it-e) [luminosus, full of 
light]. The property of emitting light. 

lump. 1. A small mass; a protuberant part. 
2. A dull person. 3. In the plural, a popular term 
for strumous enlargement of the cervical glands. 

lumpy-jaw. See actinomycosis. 

lunacy (lu'-nas-e) [luna, the moon]. Insanity, 
from the superstitious belief that it was influenced 
by the moon. 

lunar (lu'-nar) [luna]. Pertaining to the moon or 
to silver (luna of the alchemists). 1. caustic, silver 
nitrate. 

lunare, or os lunare (lu-na'-re) [luna, moon]. 
The semilunar bone of the carpus. 

lunaria (lu-na'-re-ah) [lunaris, pertaining to the 
moon]. Menstruation. 

lunate bone (lu'-nat). Semilunar bone, os luna- 
tum. 

lunatic (lu'-nat-ik) [see lunacy]. 1. Pertaining to 
or affected with insanity. 2. An insane person. 

lunella (lu-nel'-ah) [dim. of luna, moon]. Same as 
hypopyon. 

lunet, lunette (loo-net') [Fr.]. A spectacle-lens. 

lung [AS., lungen]. The organ of respiration, in 
which the impure venous blood is oxidized by the 
air drawn through the trachea and bronchi into the 
air-vesicles. There are two lungs, a right and a 
left, the former consisting of three, the latter of 
two, lobes. The lungs are situated in the thoracic 
cavity, and are enveloped by the pleura. At the 
root or hilum the bronchus and its arteries and the 
pulmonary artery and nerves enter, and the pulmo- 
nary and bronchial veins and lymphatics leave. 
The lung proper consists of minute air-vesicles held 
in place by connective-tissue trabecular. Capillaries 
traverse the walls of the air-vesicles and bring the 
circulating blood in close proximity to the air. The 
average weight of the adult right lung is 22 ounces; 
that of the left, 20 ounces, l.-capacity, breathing 
capacity. 1., cardiac, proliferation of the connective 
tissue of a lung, producing thickening of the alveolar 
walls and finally obliteration of their cavity, due to 
organic lesions in certain heart diseases. 1., carnined, 
a lung from which the blood and air have been driven 
out by effusion, causing it to present a slaty-gray 
color, l.-fever, croupous pneumonia. 1., saccular, 
a condition of the lung marked by globular pouches 
at the periphery or through the whole or greater part 
of the lobe, l.-stone, a calcification of lung-tissue. 

lungwort (lung'-wert). See verbascum. 

lunfierous (lu-nif -er-us) [luna; ferre, to bear]. 
Crescent-shaped. 

luniform (lu'-ne-form) [luna; forma, form]. Same 
as luniferous. 

lunula (lu'-nu-lah) [dim. of luna, moon]. 1. The 
white semilunar area of a nail near the root. 2. A 
structure resembling the lunula of a nail. 1. of the 
cardiac valves, the delicate edges of the leaflets of 
the semilunar valves. 1. of Gianuzzi. See Gianuzzi, 
crescents of. 1. lacrymalis, a small crest of bone 
separating the antrum of Highmore from the lacrymal 
groove. 1. scapulae. See notch, suprascapular. 



LUPANINE 



524 



LUTIDIN 



lupanine (lu' -pan-en), C15H24N2O. A bitter liquid 
alkaloid from the seeds of Lupinus reticulatus. 

luperine (lu'-per-en). A remedy for dipsomania 
said to be a mixture of powdered gentian, calumba, 
and quassia. 

lupetazin (lu-pef -az-in) , HN(CH 2 CH . CH 3 ) 2 NH. 
A white, crystalline powder similar to piperazin in 
action, application, and dosage. 1. tartrate, lycetol. 

lupia (lu'-pe-ah) [lupus]. A name given to several 
kinds of malignant tumor, phagedenic ulcer, and 
fungoid growth. 

lupiform (lu'-pe-form) [lupus; forma, form]. Re- 
sembling lupus. 

lupigenin (lu-pij'-en-in) [lupus, a wolf], C17H12O6. 
A substance* resulting from the decomposition of 
lupiin by acids. 

lupiin (lu'-pe-in) [lupus, a wolf], C29H32O16+7H2O. 
A bitter principle found in germinating lupine seeds. 

lupine (lu'-pen) [lupus], A plant of the genus 
Lupinus. Lupinus albus and other species contain 
a bitter glucoside, lupinin (C29H32O16), while from L. 
luteus an alkaloid, arginine (C6H14N4O2), is obtained. 
The bruised seeds of L. albus have been used as an 
external application to ulcers. 

lupinidine (lu-pin' -id-en) [lupine], CsH^N. A 
liquid alkaloid obtained from Lupinus luteus. 

lupinosis (lu-pin-o'-sis). See lathyrism. 

lupinotoxin (lu-pin-o-toks'-in) [lupinus, lupine; 
Tofynov, poison]. A resinoid derived from certain 
poisonous species of lupine, and said to be capable 
of producing the symptoms of lupinosis. 

lupinus (lu-pi'-nus). See lupine. 

lupoid (lu'-poid). Having the nature of lupus. 
1. sycosis. See ulerythema sycosiforme. See lupiform. 

lupoma (lu-po'-mah). The primary nodule of 
lupus. 

lupomania (lu-po-ma'-ne-ah) [lupus, wolf; navia, 
madness]. Rabies. 

lupotome (lu'-po-tom) [lupus, wolf; tow, a cutting]. 
A cutting or scarifying instrument sometimes used 
in the treatment of lupus. 

lupous (lu'-pus) [lupus, wolf]. Affected with or 
pertaining to lupus. 

lupulin, lupulinum (lu'-pu-lin, lu-pu-li' -num) 
[lupulus, hop]. The lupulinum of the U. S. P. is 
the glandular powder obtained from the strobiles of 
Humulus lupulus. It is antispasmodic and sedative, 
and is used in sexual excitement, delirium tremens, 
renal and vesical irritation, and spermatorrhea. 
Dose 5-15 gr- (0.32-1.0 Gin,). 1., extract of (extrac- 
tum lupulini, B. P.). Dose 5-10 gr. (0.32-0.65 Gm.). 
1., fluidextract of (fluidextr actum lupulini, U. S. P.). 
Dose 8 min. (0.5 Cc). 1., infusion of (infusum 
lupulini, B. P.). Dose 1-2 oz. (32-64 Cc). 1., 
oleoresin of (oleoresina lupulini, U. S. P.). Dose 
3 gr. (0.2 Gm.). 

lupulus (lu'-pii-lus). See humulus. 

lupus (lu'-pus) [L., "a wolf"]. A chronic tubercu- 
lous disease of the skin and mucous membranes, 
characterized by the formation of nodules of granu- 
lation tissue. It passes through a number of phases, 
and terminates by ulceration or atrophy, with scar- 
formation. The cause of the disease is the tubercle 
bacillus. Syn., lupus exedens; lupus vulgaris. 1., 
disseminated follicular, a variety of lupus confined 
to the face, especially in the situations usually occu- 
pied by acne. The papules are from a large pin- 
head to a pea in size, conical and deep red. 1. ery- 
thematosus, a form not due to the tubercle bacillus. 
It occurs, as a rule, in multiple patches, with a ten- 
dency to symmetrical arrangement, chiefly about the. 
face and head, occasionally on the extremities, and 
rarely on the trunk. The patches are sharply defined 
at the border, flat, very slightly raised, and with a 
tendency to the formation of crusts. The color is 
bright-red, and there are no nodules. It is most 
common in women of adult or middle age. Syn., 
Cazenave's lupus; lupus erythematodes. 1. erythe- 
matosus sebaceus, a form with special involvement 
of the sebaceous glands. 1. exedens. Synonym of 
lupus. 1. hypertrophicus, that variety of lupus in 
which new connective-tissue formation predominates 
over the destructive process, and markedly raised, 
thick patches result. 1. maculosus, a variety of 
lupus characterized by the eruption of very soft, 
smooth, brownish-red, semitranslucent miliary nod- 
ules that develop in the connective tissue of otherwise 
healthy skin without subjective sensations. 1. 
nonexedens, lupus without ulceration. 1. serpigi- 
nosus, that which spreads peripherally while cica- 



trizing centrally. 1. tumidus, a form with edematous 
infiltration. 1. vegetans, 1. verrucosus, the formation 
in the lupus process of a warty-looking patch liable 
to become inflamed. 1. vulgaris, lupus. 

lupuscarcinoma (lu-pus-kar-sin r o'-mah). A carci- 
noma developing from lupus. 

lura (lu'-rah) [L., the mouth of a bag]. The con- 
tracted orifice of the infundibulum after removal of 
the hypophysis. 

lural (lii'-ral). Relating to the lura. 

luridity (lu-rid'-it-e) [luridus; luror, yellow color]. 
A pale-yellow color met with in certain cachectic 
conditions; also in atrophied paralyzed limbs. 

Luschka's bursa (loosh'-keh) [Herbert von Luschka, 
German anatomist, 1820-1875]. A crypt, larger and 
more clearly defined than the neighboring crypts, 
frequently located in the lower part of the pharyngeal 
tonsil, and regarded as a vestige of the communica- 
tion existing during early fetal life between the 
pharynx and the hypophysis. L.'s cartilage, an 
inconstant, small, cartilaginous nodule, inclosed in 
the front part of the true vocal cord. L.'s fold, 
ileocolic fold; a semilunar fold of the peritoneum 
which is attached to the anterior layer of the mesen- 
tery, the anterior aspect of the ascending colon, and 
the cecum as far as the vermiform appendix. L.'s 
foramina, two small openings in the lateral recesses 
of the pia covering the fourth ventricle; they trans- 
mit the choroid plexus. L.'s fossa, a narrow fossa 
bounded by the ileocolic fold in front, and by the 
enteric mesentery, the ileum, and a small portion of 
the upper and inner walls of the cecum behind. Syn., 
ileocolic fossa. L.'s gland. 1. The pharyngeal 
tonsil. 2. The coccygeal gland. 3. The carotid 
gland; the intercarotid gland, a minute body of 
glandular structure and unknown function, situated 
at the bifurcation of the common carotid artery. 
L.'s line, an imaginary line extending from the 
middle of the internal palpebral ligament to the 
space between the first and second molars, and 
indicating the course of the lacrimal sac and nasal 
duct. L.'s subpharyngeal cartilage, a small body 
of hyaline cartilage situated in the areolar tissue of 
the lower part of the faucial tonsil. It represents a 
vestige of the third postoral arch of the embryo and 
is occasionally the seat of morbid growths. L.'s 
tonsil, the adenoid tissue normally existing between 
the orifices of the Eustachian tubes, analogous in 
structure to the lymphoid constituents of the tonsil. 

luscitas (lus'-it-as) [luscus, one-eyed]. 1. The 
state of being blind in one eye. 2. Strabismus, 
especially when caused by paralysis or rheumatism. 

lusis (lu'-sis) [Kovais, a washing]. A washing. 

Lusk's contraction ring [William Thompson Lusk, 
American obstetrician, 1838-1897]. Same as Bandl's 
ring, q. v. 

lusus naturae (lu'-sus na-tii'-re) [lusus, a play; 
natura, nature]. A freak of nature. 

lust. Carnal desire; sexual appetite; concupis- 
cence. 

Lustig's plague serum (loos'-tig) [Alessandro 
Lustig, Italian pathologist]. An antitoxic and 
bactericidal serum obtained by immunizing horses 
with injections of plague bacilli and collecting the 
serum from the blood of these animals. 

lustramentum (lus-tram-en'-tum) [lustrare, to 
purify]. A purge. 

lutarious (lu-ta'-re-us) [lutum, mud]. Relating to, 
like, or living in mud. 

lutation (lu-ta'-shun) [lutum, mud]. The hermetic 
sealing of a vessel. 

Lutaud's lotion {loo' -to). A lotion for pruritus of 
the vulva. It consists of eucalyptus oil, 10 parts; 
cocaine hydrochloride, 1 part; chloral hydrate, 10 
parts; distilled water, 500 parts. 

lute (.lilt) [lutum, mud]. A composition for sealing 
vessels hermetically or for closing joints in apparatus. 
It may be made of lime and white of egg, linseed- 
meal, and starch, or of clay and drying oil. 

lutecium, or lutetium (loo-te'-shum). A new chemi- 
cal element, discovered in 1907; symbol Lu, atomic 
weight 174- 

lutein (lu'-te-in) [luteus, yellow]. 1. A yellow 
pigment obtained from the corpora lutea by extrac- 
tion with chloroform. 2. An internal secretion of 
the ovary. 

lutidin (lu'-tid-in), C7H9N. A toxic liquid distilled 
from bituminous shale. 1., beta-, C7H9N, a toxic, 
colorless liquid obtained by distillation of cinchonine 
with potassium hydroxide. It is narcotic and 



LUTREXANTHEMA 



525 



LYMPHANGIOMA 



antispasmodic, and recommended as an antidote to 
strychnine. 

lutrexanthema (lu-treks-an'-the-mah) [\ovrpdv, a 
bath; exanthema]. An eruption due to bathing. 

Luttke's test for free hydrochloric acid in gastric 
juice (loot'-keh). The quantitative determination 
successively of the total chlorine, the chlorine of the 
fixed chlorides, and that of the free and combined 
hydrochloric acid. 

luxatio erecta. A dislocation of the shoulder- 
joint in which the head of the humerus is in the axilla 
and the shaft is directed upward against the head of 
the patient. 1., imperfecta, incomplete dislocation, 
sprain. _ 

luxation (luks-a'-shun). See dislocation. 

luxus (luks'-us) [L.]. Excess, l.-consumption, a 
term applied to the metabolism of certain surplus 
protein material, which, though inside the body, 
does not form a component part of any of its tissues, 
but constitutes a kind of reservoir of force upon 
which the organism may draw. 1., heart, cardiac 
dilatation with hypertrophy of the left ventricle. 

Luys' body, L.'s nucleus (lez) [Jules Bernard Luys, 
French physician, 1828-1897]. An almond-shaped 
mass of gray matter with pigmented ganglion-cells 
in the subthalamic region. 

Luys separator (lez) [Georges Luys, French 
physician]. An apparatus consisting of a diaphragm 
attached to a sound by means of which the bladder is 
divided into two parts, thus allowing the urine from 
each ureter to be collected separately. 

lycanthrope (li'-kan-throp) [Xwcos, wolf; avdpuiros, 
man]. A person affected with lycanthropy. 

lycanthropic (li-kan-throp'-ik) [Xwcos, wolf; avOpuiros, 
man]. Pertaining to or affected with lycanthropy. 

lycanthropy (li-kan'-thro-pe) [Xwos, a wolf; avdpuiros, 
man] . A form of mania in which the patient imagines 
himself a wild beast. 

lycetal, lycetol (lis'-et-al, -ol), C6H14N2C4H6O6. 
A derivative of dimethylpiperazin combined with 
tartaric acid. It is used in gout. Dose 15-45 gr. 
(0.97-2.9 Gm.) well diluted in carbonated water. 

Lychnis (lik'-nis) [Xvx^'s. the lampfiower]. A genus 
of plants of the order Caryophyllacece. L. githago, 
corn-cockle, is a species of Europe naturalized here. 
The seeds are diuretic, expectorant, and anthelmintic. 

lyciiorm (lis' -e-form) . See lycoform. 

lycine (li'-sin). Same as betaine, q. v. 

lycoctonine (lik-ok'-ton-en). An alkaloid extracted 
from Aconitum lycoctonum. It is crystallizable, very 
soluble in alcohol, and but slightly so in ether or water. 

lycodes (li-ko'-dez) [\vkos, wolf]. A chronic form 
of tonsillitis. See lycoides. 

lycoform (li'-ko-form). A proprietary combination 
of alcoholic potash soap solution and formaldehyde. 

lycoid (li'-koid) [\vkos, wolf; dSos, like]. Re- 
sembling a wolf. 

lycomania (li-ko-ma'-ne-ah). See lycanthropy. 

Lycoperdon (li-ko-per'-don) [\vkos, wolf; ircpSeotfat, 
to break wind]. A genus of fungi. L. bovista, the 
fist-ball, puff ball, or devil's snuff-box, has been used 
as a styptic, and is now employed to some extent 
in nervous diseases. 

lycopin (li'-ko-pin) [\vkos, wolf; irovs, foot]. A 
precipitate from a tincture of Lycopus virginicus, an 
astringent, styptic, sedative, and tonic. Dose 
from 1 to 4 grains. 

lycopodium (li-ko-po'-de-um) [Xwcos, wolf; xous, 
foot]. The spores of L. clavatum and other varieties, 
official in the U. S. P., and occurring in the form of a 
light, fine, yellowish powder. It is used as a desic- 
cant and absorbent on moist and excoriated surfaces, 
and as an inert powder in which to embed pills to 
prevent their adhering to one another. Syn., club- 
moss; witch-meal; wolf's-claw. 

lycopus (li'-ko-pus) [Xwcos, wolf; 71-ous, foot]. Bugle 
weed, the Lycopus virginicus; it is an astringent and 
hemostatic. 

lycorexia, lycorrhexy (li-kor-eks'-e-ah, li'-kor-eks-e) 
[Xukos, wolf; 5pe|is, appetite]. A wolfish or canine 
appetite; bulimia. 

lycostoma (li-kos'-to-mah) [Xwcos, wolf; arotia, 
mouth]. Cleft palate. 

lycresol (li'-kre-sol). A soap solution containing 
crude cresol. 

lye (li) [AS., ledh]. 1. An alkaline solution ob- 
tained by leaching ashes. 2. Any alkaline solution. 

lyencephalous (li-en-sef'-al-us) [Xveiv, to loosen; 
ijKe<pa\os, brain]. Having cerebral hemispheres that 
are loosely united. 



lygismus {li-jiz'-mus) [KvyiauSs, a bending]. A 
melodious, flexible voice; also, dislocation. 

lying-in. 1. Being in confinement. 2. The puer- 
peral state. 

lyma (li'-mah) [\vp.a, washings: pi., lymata]. 
1. Filth, or sordes. 2. Lochia. 

lymph (limf) [lympha, water]. 1. The fluid in the 
lymphatic vessels, the product of the filtration of the 
liquid portion of the blood through the walls of the 
capillaries. 2. The coagulable exudate on an in- 
flamed surface. 3- The liquid material used for 
vaccination; vaccine-lymph. 1., animal, vaccine- 
lymph obtained from an animal, l.-cell, l.-corpuscle, 
a leukocyte occurring in the lymph, l.-channel. 
See l.-space. 1., fibrinous, transparent, tenacious 
lymph that coagulates spontaneously. It is almost 
colorless and contains a large amount of fibrin and 
but few corpuscles, l.-follicles, small collections of 
lymphadenoid tissue occurring in mucous membranes. 
l.-hearts, certain organs found in the frog and in 
some fishes, which are to the lymph-stream what the 
blood-heart is to the blood-stream. 1., humanized, 
vaccine from a human being. 1., inflammatory, that 
thrown out as a product of inflammation in wounds, 
etc. 1., Koch's, tuberculin. 1., plastic, fibrinous 
lymph; that forming embryonic tissue. 1. reservoir, 
the receptaculum chyli. l.-scrotum, an enlarged 
scrotum due to distention of the lymphatic vessels 
and hyperplasia of the tissues, l.-sinus. Same as 
l.-space. l.-spaces, the lacunae occurring in connec- 
tive tissue and containing lymph. 1., vaccine-. 
See vaccine-lymph. 

lymphaden (Jim-fa' -den) [lympha, water; 6.5-qv, 
gland]. Any lymphatic gland. 

lymphadenectasis (lim-fad-en-ek'-tas-is) [lymph; 
&5i7J>, gland; acraais, distention]. Dilatation of the 
sinuses of a lymph-gland producing a tumor-like 



lymphadenhypertrophy (lim-fad-en-hi-per'-tro-fe) 
[lymph; dd-qv, gland; hypertrophy]. Hypertrophy 
of the lymphatic glands. 

lymphadenia (lim-fad-e'-ne-ah) [lympha, lymph; 
a8r)i>, gland]. A general hyperplasia of the lymphatic 
tissue with or without leukocytosis. 

lymphadenism (lim-fad' -en-izm) [lympha, lymph; 
0.5171', gland]. The general condition of disease that 
accompanies lymphadenoma. 

lymphadenitis (lim-fad-en-i'-tis) [lymph; &8r}v, 
gland; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of a lymph- 
atic gland. 1. calculosa, that combined with cal- 
careous degeneration. 1., scrofulous, the small-celled 
caseous or suppurative hyperplasia of the lymph- 
glands. 1., tuberculous, the formation of tubercles 
in the lymph-glands. 

lymphadenoid (lim-fad' -en-oid) [lymph; adenoid]. 
Resembling, or of the nature of, a lymphatic gland 
or lymphatic tissue. 

lymphadenoma (lim-fad-en-o' -mah) [lymph; ade- 
noma]. Hyperplasia of the lymphatic glands. See 
Hodgkin's disease. 

lymphadenosis (lim-fad-en-o' -sis) [lympha, lymph; 
adrjv, gland; vbaos, disease]. General lymphadenoma. 

lymphasduct (lim'-fe-dukt). See lympheduct. 

lymphasmia (lim-fe'-me-ah). See lymphemia. 

lymphagogue (lim'-fag-og) [lymph; &yuy6s, lead- 
ing]. 1. Stimulating the flow of lymph. 2. An 
agent that stimulates the flow of lymph. 

lymphangeitis (lim-fan-je-i'-tis). See lymphan- 
gitis. 

lymphangiectasis, lymphangiectasia (lim-fan-je-ek'- 
tas-is, -ek-ta'-ze-ah) [lymph; hyyelov, vessel; hcraais, 
widening]. 1. Dilatation of the lymphatic vessels. 
2. Elephantiasis. 

lymphangiectodes (lim-fan-je-ek-to'-dez). See 

lymphangioma circumscriptum. 

lymphangienchysis (lim-fan-je-en'-kis-is) [lympha, 
lymph; kyytlov, vessel; I7XWJ-1S, a pouring in]. Injec- 
tion of the lymphatic vessels. 

lymphangioendothelioma (lim-fan-je-o-en-do-the- 
le-o'-mah). An endothelioma originating in lymph- 
vessels. 

lymphangiofibroma (lim-fan-je-o-fi-bro'-mah) . 

Lymphangioma combined with fibroma. 

lymphangiography (lim-fan-je-og'-ra-fe) [lympha, 
water; byyelov, vessel; ypkytiv, to write]. A descrip- 
tion of the lymphatics. 

lymphangiology (lim-fan-je-ol'-o-je)[lymph; kyy iiov, 
vessel; X670S, science]. The anatomy, physiology, 
and pathology of the lymphatics. 

lymphangioma (lim-fan-je-o'-mah) [lymph; angi- 



LYMPHANGIOMYOMA 



526 



LYMPHORRHAGIA 



oma; pi., lymphangiomata], A dilated or varicose 
condition or tumor of the lymphatic vessels. 1. 
capillare varicosum. Synonym of I. circumscriptum. 
1. cavernosum. Synonym of I. circumscriptum. 1. 
circumscriptum, lymphangiectodes; lupus lymphati- 
cus, a very rare disease of the skin occurring in early 
life. It is marked by the formation of straw-yellow 
vesicles, deeply situated in the skin, with thick and 
tense walls, and connected with the lymphatics. 
Its cause is unknown. 1. tuberosum multiplex, a 
very rare disease of the skin, probably congenital, 
characterized by the formation of large, brownish- 
red papules or tubercles, the size of lentils, not 
arranged in groups or clusters, but scattered indis- 
criminately over the trunk. 

lymphangiomyoma (lim-fan-je-o-mi-o'-mah). See 
myoma. 

lymphangion (lim-fan'-je-on) [lympha, lymph; &y- 
yelov, vessel]. A lymphatic vessel. 

lymphangiophlebitis (lim-fan-je-o-fleb-i'-tis) 

[lymph; AyyeZov, vessel; phlebitis]. Inflammation of 
the lymphatic vessels and veins. 

lymphangioplasty (lim-fan-je-o-plas'-te) [lymph; 
&yyelop, vessel; ifKaaaeiv, to form]. Operative forma- 
tion of artificial lymphatics by means of silk threads. 

lymphangiopyra (lim-fan-je-op'-ir-ah) [lympha, 
lymph; ayyelov, vessel; vvp, fire]. Fever due to or 
accompanying a disease of the lymphatics. 

lymphangiosarcoma (lim-fan-je-o-sar-ko'-mah) . 

Lymphangioma attended with sarcoma. 

lymphangioscopy (lim-fan-je-os'-ko-pe) [lympha, 
lymph; hyy eZov, vessel; anoweZv, to inspect]. In- 
spection or observation of the lymphatics. 

lymphangiotomy (lim-fan-je-ot'-o-me) [lympha, 
lymph; ayyelov, vessel; toiiv, a cutting]. Dissection 
or anatomy of the lymphatics. 

lymphangitis (lim-fan-ji'-tis) [lymph; hyytZov, 
vessel; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of a 
lymphatic vessel. 

lymphangpncus (lim-fan-gon'-kus) [lympha, lymph; 
&yyeiot>, vessel; oyicos, a tumor]. A firm swelling of 
the lymphatic vessels. 

lymphapostema (lim-fap-os-te'-mah) [lympha, 
lymph; 6.Tr6aTrip.a, abscess: pi., lymphapostemata]. 
A lymphatic abscess. 

lymphatic (lim-fat'-ik) [lymph]. Pertaining to 
lymph; containing or characterized by lymph. 
1. gland. See gland. 1. leukemia, leukemia of 
lymphatic origin. 1. system, a system of vessels and 
glands accessory to the blood-vascular system, con- 
veying lymph. It begins as innumerable capillaries 
in interspaces of tissues. These form plexuses 
studded with lymph-glands that act as filters and 
finally all those below the diaphragm unite in the 
recaptaculum chyli on the second lumbar vertebra. 
From this the thoracic duct leads upward to empty 
into the junction of the left subclavian and internal 
jugular veins. The lymph from the upper right half 
of the body and head enters the right lymphatic duct, 
which empties into the junction of the right internal 
jugular and subclavian veins. 1. vessel, a tube for 
conveying lymph. 

lymphaticosanguine (lim-fat-ik-o-san'-gwin) 

t[lympha, lymph; sanguis, blood]. Both lymphatic 
;and sanguine. See temperament. 

lymphaticosplenic (lim-fat-ik-o-splen'-ik) . Relat- 
ing to the lymphatics and the spleen. 

lymphatics (lim-fat'-iks) [lymph]. The capillary 
-tubes pervading the body, which convey lymph. 

lymphatism (lim'-fat-izm). The lymphatic tem- 
• perament ; scrofula. See status lymphaticus. 

lymphatitis (lim-fat-i'-tis). See lymphangitis. 

lymphatocele (lim-fat'-o-sel) [lympha, lymph; icf/Xif, 
ttumor]. A tumor composed of dilated lymph-vessels. 

lymphatology {lim-fat-ol'-o-je). See lymphology. 

Jymphectasia (lim-fek-ta'-ze-ah) [lymph; en-cum, 
widening]. Dilatation with lymph. 

lymphedema (lim-fe-de'-mah) [lymph; otSr/na, 
edema]. Serous edema. 

lympheduct (lim'-fe-dukt) [lympha, lymph; ducere, 
to lead]. A lymphatic vessel or duct. 

lymphemia (lim-fe'-me-ah) [lymph; al/xa, blood]. 
Leukemia characterized by enlargement of the 
lymphatic glands. 

lymphendothelioma (lim-fen-do-the-le-o'-mah). A 
newgrowth characterized by a soft myxomatous 
tissue containing cysts and tubules lined with flat, 
scale-like cells, resembling the endothelium of the 
lymphatics. 

lymphenteritis (lim-fen-ter-i'-tis) [lympha, lymph; 



evrepov, bowels; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation 
of the bowels attended with serous infiltration. 
2. Inflammation of the serous coat of the intestine; 
peritonitis. 

lymphepatitis (limf-hep-at-i'-tis) [lympha, lymph; 
rjirap, liver; trw, inflammation]. Inflammation of 
the peritoneal coat of the liver. 

lympheurysma (lim-fu-riz'-mah). See lympha- 
neurysma. 

lymphexosmosis (lim-feks-os-mo'-sis). Exosmosis 
of lymph; passage of lymph outward, through the 
coats of the lymph-vessels. 

lymphitis (lim-fi'-tis). See lymphangitis. 

lymphization (lim-fiz-a'-shun). The formation of 
lymph. 

lympho- (lim-fo-) [lymph]. A prefix meaning re- 
lating to lymph or to the lymphatic glands. 

lymphoadenoma (lim-fo-ad-en-o'-mah). A uterine 
neoplasm involving the interstitial lymph-tissue and 
the glands. 

lymphoblast (lim'-fo-blast) [lympho-; p\a<rr6s, 
germ]. Any cell with a nutritive function. 

lymphocele (lim'-fo-sel) [lympho-; Krj\-q, tumor]. 
A tumor containing an abnormal collection or quan- 
tity of lymph. 

lymphocyte (lim'-fo-stt) [lympho-; kvtos, a cell]. 
i. A lymph-cell. 2. One of Ehrlich's classes of 
leukocytes, comprising those small cells having large 
nuclei and a very small amount of protoplasm. See 
leukocyte. 

lymphocythemia (lim-fo-si-the'-me-ah) [lymphocyte; 
alfia, blood]. An excess of lymphocytes in the 
blood. 

lymphocytosis (lim-fo-si-to'-sis). See lymphocy- 
themia. 

lymphocytotoxin {lim-fo-si-to-toks'-in) [lymphocyte; 
to^ikov, poison]. A bacterial product having specific 
action on the lymphocytes. 

lymphodermia (lim-fo-der'-me-ah) [lympho-; 8kpp.a, 
skin]. _ An affection of the lymphatics of the skin. 
1. perniciosa, leukemic enlargement of the glands. 

lymphoduct (lim'-fo-dukt). See lympheduct. 

lymphofiuxion (lim-fo-fluk'-shun) [lympho-; fiuere, 
to flow]. The increased flow of lymph induced by 
certain stomachics. 

lymphogenous (lim-foj'-en-us) [lympho-; yewav, to 
beget]. Producing lymph. 

lymphoglandula (lim-fo-glan'-du-lah) [lympho- ; 
glandula, gland]. BNA term for a lymphatic gland. 

lymphogonia (lim-fo-go'-ne-ah) [lympho-; ybvos, 
offspring]. Large lymphocytes having a relatively 
large nucleus deficient in chromatin, and a faintly 
basic nongranular protoplasm, observed in lymphatic 
leukemia. 

lymphogranulomatosis (lim-fo-gran-u-lo-mah-to'-sis) 
[lympho-; granuloma]. Hodgkin's disease. 

lymphography (lim-fog'-ra-fe) [lympho-; ypa<peiv, 
to write]. A description of the lymphatics. 

lymphoid (lim'-foid) [lympho-; elSos, like]. Having 
the appearance or character of lymph. 

lymphology (lim-fol'-o-je) [lympho-; \6yos, science]. 
The study of the anatomy and physiology of the 
lymphatic system. 

lymphoma {lim-fo' -mah) [lympho-; 6fia, tumor]. 
A tumor composed of lymphadenoid tissue. The 
term includes also formations not strictly tumors, 
as hyperplasia of the tissues proper to lymphatic 
glands. 1., malignant. Synonym of Hodgkin's 
disease. 

lymphomatosis (lim-fo-mat-o'-sis) [lymphoma]. A 
condition characterized by general lymphatic engorge- 
ment. 1. diffusa, Hodgkin's disease. 

lymphomatous (lim-fo' -mat-us) [lymphoma]. Of 
the nature of, or affected with, lymphoma. 

lymphomyeloma (lim-fo-mi-el-o'-mah). i. A my- 
eloma involving the lymphatic system. 2. A sar- 
coma containing small round-cells. 

lymphomyxoma (lim-fo-miks-o'-mah) [lympho- ; 
myxoma]. A new-growth, usually benign, consisting 
of adenoid tissue. 

lymphoncus (lim-fong'-kus) [lympho-; oyKos, tumor]. 
A hard lymphatic swelling. 1. iridis. See iridauxesis. 

lymphopathy (lim-fop'-ath-e) [lympho-; iraffos, 
disease]. Any disorder of the lymphatic organs. 

lymphopenia (lim-fo-pe'-ne-ah) [lympho; irevia, 
poverty]. A deficiency of lymphocytes in the 
circulating blood. 

lymphorrhagia (lim-for-a'-je-ah) [lympho-; fayvbvai, 
to burst forth]. A flow of lymph from a ruptured 
lymphatic vessel. 



LYMPHORRHEA 



527 



LYTTA 



lymphorrhea (lim-for-e'-ah) [lympho-; pola, a flow]. 
A discharge of lymph from a wound, internally or 
externally. 

lymphosarcoma (lim-fo-sar-ko'-mah). A sarcoma 
having some of the structural elements of a lymphatic 
gland. 1. malignum multiplex. Same aslymphadenoma. 

lymphosarcomatosis (lim-fo-sar-ko-mat-o'-sis) 

[lympho-; o-dpKUfj.a, fleshy mass]. A condition or 
diathesis marked by the development of lympho- 
sarcoma; also, the process of such development. 

lymphosis (lim-fo'-sis) [lympha, lymph]. The 
elaboration of lymph. 

lymphostasis (lim-fos'-tas-is) [lympho-; araais, 
a placing]. Stasis or stoppage of the flow of lymph. 

lymphotome (lim'-fo-tom) [lympho-; rkuveiv, to 
cut]. An instrument, on the principle of the tonsil- 
lotome, with a flexible cutting-blade for removing 
adenoids. 

lymphotomy (lim-fot' -o-me) . See lymphangiotomy . 

lymphotorrhea (lim-fot-or-e'-ah) [lympho-; ovs, 
ear; pola, a flow]. A serous or watery discharge from 
the ear. 

lymphotoxemia (lim-fo-toks-e'-me-ah). See status 
lymphaticus. _ 

lymphotoxic (lim-fo-toks'-ik). Pertaining to or 
characteristic of a substance having toxic action on 
the lymphatic tissue. 

lymphotoxin (lim-fo-toks'-in) [lympho-; to^ikov, 
poison]. A cyto toxin having specific action on lymph- 
atic tissue. 

lymphotrophy {lim-fot' -ro-fe) [lympho-; rpo^-f], 
nourishment]. Nourishment of the cells by the 
lymph in regions of imperfect vascularization. 

lymphous (Urn' -f us). Relating to, containing, or 
consisting of lymph. 

lymphuria (lim-fu'-re-ah) [lympha, lymph; ovpov, 
urine]. A condition in which the urine spontane- 
ously coagulates, but contains no fat, as it does in 
chyluria. 

lynx (links) [\vy£, a sobbing]. Hiccough; violent 
sobbing. 

lypemania (li-pe-ma'-ne-ah) [\vinj, sadness; fiavla, 
madness]. A form of dementia accompanied by pro- 
found mental depression and refusal to take food. 

lyperophrenia (li-per-o-fre'-ne-ah) [Xvirvpos, distress- 
ing; <t>p-f]v, mind]. Melancholia. 

lypothymia (li-po-thi' -me-ah) [Kvirrj, sadness; dvp.6s, 
mind]. Melancholia; severe mental prostration from 
grief. This condition is not to be confounded with 
leipothymia, q. v. 

lyptol (lip'-tol). An ointment said to consist of 
mercuric chloride, eucalyptus oil, formaldehyde, 
and benzoboric acid. It is used as a dressing for 
ulcers, cutaneous diseases, etc. 

lyra (li'-rah). Certain longitudinal, transverse 
and oblique lines on the inferior surface of the 
fornix, the arrangement of which bears a fanciful 
resemblance to a lyre. 

lysargin (li-sar'-jin). Colloidal silver, used as an 
antiseptic. 

lysatin (lis'-at-in), C6H13N3O2. An alkaloid from 
casein. 



lysatinin (lis-at'-in-in), C6H11N3O or C6H13N3O2. 
A mixture of equal molecules of arginin and lysin. 

lysemia (li-se' -me-ah) [Xfaris, solution; al/ia, blood]. 
A dissolution of the blood, or a losing of the integral 
parts of it. 

lysidine (li'-sid-en), C4H8N2. A base obtained 
from dry distillation of sodium acetate with ethylene 
diamine hydrochloride. It is recommended in cases 
of uric-acid diathesis. Dose 15-75 gr. (1-5 Gm.) 
of the crystals daily in a pint of cold water. Syn., 
ethylene-ethenyldiamine ; methylglyoxalidin. 

lysimeter (li-sim'-et-er) [Kvo-is, solution; iikrpov, 
measure]. An apparatus for determining the solu- 
bility of a substance. 

lysin (li'-sin) [Kveiv, to loose]. 1. CeHuNzO^. A 
histon base discovered among the cleavage-products 
of casein and produced by the tryptic digestion of 
fibrin. 2. A cell-dissolving substance found in the 
blood-serum. 

lysinosis (lis-in-o'-sis) [Kvacs, \veu>, to loose (a 
ravelling or shred; v6<ros, a disease]. A disease of 
the lungs due to the inhalation of cotton-fibers. 

lysis (li'-sis) [ see lysin]. 1. The gradual decline of a 
disease, especially of a fever. 2. The action of a lysin. 

lysoform (li'-so-form). A combination of lysol 
and formaldehyde, soluble in water and alcohol. 
It is used as an antiseptic in 1 to 3 % solutions. 

lysogen (li'-so-jen) [lysin; yewav, to produce]. 
A substance or body which produces a lysin. 

lysogenic (li-so-jen'-ik) [lysis; yewav, to produce]. 
Giving rise to lysins or producing lysis. 

lysol (li'-sol) [\veii>, to loose]. A brown liquid 
substance obtained by boiling tar-oils with alkalies 
and fats. It is used as an antiseptic in surgery, in 
lupus, gonorrhea, and as a gargle in sore throat. 

lysosolveol (lis-o-sol'-ve-ol). A disinfectant said 
to be a mixture of potassium linoleate, cresols, and 
water. 

lyssa (lis' -ah) [\vo~o-a, madness]. A synonym of 
hydrophobia or rabies. 

lyssic (lis'-ik) [Kvcraa, madness]. Pertaining to 
rabies j due to rabies. 

lyssin (lis'-in) [lyssa]. The specific virus of 
hydrophobia. 

lyssodexis (lis-o-deks'-is) [\vo-cra, madness; baKveiv, 
to bite]. The bite of a rabid dog. 

lyssoid (Us'-oid) [\v<ro-a, rabies; eI5os, like]. Re- 
sembling rabies; resembling madness. 

lyssophobia (lis-o-fo'-be-ah) [lyssa; <£6/3os, fear]. 
Morbid dread of rabies; pseudohydrophobia'. 

lysulfol (li-sul'-fol). Trade name of a compound 
of sulphur (10 %) and lysol forming a black mass. 
It is used in skin diseases. 

lyterian (li-te'-re-an). Indicative of a lysis, or of a 
favorable crisis, terminating an attack of disease. 

lytic (lit'-ik) [lysis]. 1. Relating to a lysis or to a 
solution. 2. Relating to a lysin. 

lytta (lit'-ah). Synonym of hydrophobia. 

Lytta (lit'-ah). A genus of vesicant coleoptera 
established by Fabricius. L. vesicatoria. See 
cantharides. L. vittata, the potato-fly, containing one 
per cent, or more of cantharidin. 



M 



M. The abbreviation of musculus, myopia, my- 
opic, mille, and misce (mix), as a numeral it represents 
the number iooo. 

m. An abbreviation for meter, and minim. 

m-. An abbreviation in chemistry for meta-. 

p. Greek equivalent of m. Used as abbreviation 
for a micron. 

M.A. Abbreviation for Master of Arts. 

ma. An abbreviation of milliampere. 

M +Am. Abbreviation for compound myopic 
astigmatism. 

mabi (mor'-be). A beverage, common in the 
West Indies, prepared from the leaves of the Colubrina 
reclinata. 

Mac, Mc, M\, beginning proper names will be 
found as if spelled Mac, and in strict alphabetical 
order. 

mac. An abbreviation of macera, macerate. 

macaco worm (mah-kah'-ko wurm) [from a Mala- 
gasy name]. The larva of a S. American fly, Derma- 
tobia noxialis, which infests the skin of men and 
animals. 

macaja, or macaya butter. The solid oil obtained 
from the fruit of the macaw-palm, Acrocomia sclero- 
carpa. 

macalline (mak-al'-en). An amorphous alkaloid 
without taste, from macallo-bark, sparingly soluble 
in amyl alcohol and in chloroform, insoluble in 
alcohol, ether, or water. 

macaroni (mak-ar-o'-ne) [Ital.]. i. Slender tubes 
made of flour-paste; a favorite dish in Italy and also 
in the U. S. 2. An active purgative used in lead- 
colic. Antimony sulphide is one of the ingredients. 

McBurney's point [Charles McBurney, American 
surgeon, 1845-1913]. The point of tenderness in 
appendicitis, five or six centimeters above the right 
anterior superior iliac spine, on a line drawn from 
this point to the umbilicus. 

McClintock's rule [Alfred Henry McClintock, 
Irish physician, 1822-1881]. A pulse of 100 or more 
beats a minute, after parturition, indicates impending 
postpartum hemorrhage. 

McDonald's solution [Ellice McDonald, American 
gynecologist]. An antiseptic solution consisting of 
acetone (commercial) 40, denatured alcohol 60, 
and pyxol 2 parts. 

Macdowel's frenum. The intermuscular expan- 
sions given off by the posterior layer of the tendon 
of the pectoralis major. 

mace (mas). A spice derived from the dried 
covering of the nutmeg, q. v. 

macene (mas'-en) [macis, mace], C10H16. An 
essential oil resulting from the distillation of the 
flowers of nutmeg. The hydrochloride on distillation 
yields a camphor. 

maceration (mas-er-a' -shun) [macerare, to make 
soft]. The process of softening a solid substance, 
or of converting into a soft mass by soaking in a 
liquid, as maceration of the fetus. 

macerator (mas' -er-a-tor) [macerare, to make soft]. 
A vessel used for macerating a substance. 

Macewen's osteotomy (mak-u'-en) [Sir William 
Macewen, Scotch surgeon, 1848- ]. Supracondy- 
loid division of the femur from the inner side for 
genu valgum. M.'s space. See M.'s triangle. M.'s 
symptom, increased resonance on combined percus- 
sion and auscultation of the skull in certain gross 
lesions of the intracranial contents — e. g., in cerebral 
abscess or overdistended lateral ventricles. M.'s 
triangle, the suprameatal triangle; the triangular 
space bounded by the upper half of the posterior 
wall of the external auditory meatus, by the supra- 
mastoid crest, and by an imaginary line dropped from 
the latter at the level of the posteroinferior wall of 
the external meatus. It is the space selected for 
trephining in cases of otitic abscess of the temporo- 
sphenoidal lobe. 

Mache unit (mah'-keh) [Heinrich Mache, Austrian 



physicist, 1876- J. A term used to express the 
concentration of radium emanations. It is the satur- 
ation ionization current due to the radium emanation 
from a liter of solution or gas, expressed in electro- 
static units multiplied by 1000. 

macies (ma'-se-ez) [macies, a wasting]. Atrophy, 
leanness, wasting, m. infantum. Synonym of tabes 
mesenterica. 

macilent (mas' -il-ent) [macilentus, lean]. Meager; 
thin; lean. 

macis (ma' -sis). Same as mace; see nutmeg. 

Mackenzie's eye-lotion. Corrosive sublimate, 
1 gr.; ammonium chloride, 6 gr.; cochineal, § gr.; 
alcohol, 1 dr. ; water, 8 oz. 

mackintosh (mak'-in-tosh) [Charles Mackintosh, 
the inventor]. A fabric of silk or cotton, rendered 
waterproof and airproof by a coating of India rubber; 
it is used in antiseptic surgery and in obstetrics. 

maclayin (mak-la'-in), C17H32O11. A powerful 
local irritant said to be a glucoside from Bassia 
maclayana. 

McLeod's capsular rheumatism (mak-lowd') [Rod- 
erick McLeod, Scotch physician, 1795-1852]. Rheu- 
matoid arthritis attended with considerable effusion 
into the synovial sacs, sheaths, and bursas. 

MacMunn's test for indican in the urine. Boil 
equal parts of urine and hydrochloric acid and a few 
drops of nitric acid; cool, and shake with chloroform. 
The chloroform becomes violet and shows an ab- 
sorption band before D, due to indigo-blue, and one 
after D, due to indigo-red. 

macradenous (mak-rad'-en-us) [p.a.Kpb%, large; 
6.5-qv, gland]. Having large glands. 

macrencephalic, macrencephalous (mak-ren-sef- 
al'-ik, mak-ren-sef'-al-us) [p.a.Kp6s, long; iyKe<pa\os, 
brain]. Having a large or long skull. 

macrencephalus (mak-ren-sef'-al-us) [tianpos, large; 
iyK€<f>a\os, brain]. Lissauer's term for a skull in 
which the angle formed by the junction of the lines 
drawn from the hormion to the nasion and to the 
inion is between 156. 5° and 170 . 

macrencranus (mak-ren-kra'-nus) [nanpos, large; 
iv, in; upavlov, skull]. Lissauer's term for a skull 
having a large cerebellar sector (from 20 to 27.5°). 

macritas (mak'-rit-as) [macer, lean]. Emaciation, 
leanness. 

macro- (mak-ro-) [/m/cpos, large]. A prefix meaning 
large, long, or great. 

macrobacteria (mak-ro-bak-te'-re-ah) [macro-; bac- 
terium]. Bacteria of very large size. Same as 
megabacteria. 

macrobiosis (mak-ro-bi-o'-sis) [macro-; /3tos, life]. 
Longevity. 

macrobiotic (mak-ro-bi-ot'-ik) [macro-; /Sios, life]. 
Pertaining to long life; long-lived. 

macroblast (mak'-ro-blast). See megaloblast. 

macrobrachia (mak-ro-bra' -ke-ah) [macro-; fipaxluv, 
arm]. Abnormal size of the arms. 

macrocephalia, macrocephaly (mak-ro-sef-a'-le-ah, 
mak-ro-sef'-al-e) [macro-; Ke<j>a\r), head]. Abnormal 
largeness of the head. 

macrocephalous (mak-ro-sef -al-us) [see macro- 
cephalia]. Characterized by an abnormally large 
head. 

macrocephalus (mak-ro-sef -al-us) [macro-; /ce<paXi7, 
the head]. A fetus with excessive development of 
the head. 

macrocephaly. See macrocephalia. 

macrocheilia (mak-ro-ki'-le-ah) [macro-; x«^°s. 
lip]. Excessive development of the lips, a charac- 
teristic of certain negro tribes. It occurs also in 
cretinoid states, when the lips and cheeks are the 
seat of lymphangioma. 

macrocheiria (mak-ro-ki'-re-ah) [macro-; x«p. 
hand]. Great enlargement of the hands. 

macrochemistry (mak-ro-kem'-is-tre) [macro- ; chem- 
istry]. Chemistry in which the reactions are ob- 
servable with the naked eye. Cf. microchemistry. 



MACROCOCCUS 



529 



MAD 



macrococcus (mak-ro-kok'-us) [macro-; kokkos, 
a berry: pi., macrococci]. A term applied to cocci 
that are larger than the average. 

macrocolia (mak-ro-ko'-le-ah) [macro-; ku\ov, limb]. 
The possession of long limbs. 

macrocolous (mak-rok' -o-lus) [macro-; kuKov, limb]. 
Having long limbs. 

macrocoly (mak-ro-ko'-le) [macro-; k&Kov, colon]. 
Simple excessive length of the colon. 

macrocomous (mak-ro-ko'-mus) [macro-; kohi), the 
hair]. Having long hairs or filaments. 

macrocornea (mak-ro-kor'-ne-ah) [macro-; cornea]. 
Keratoglobus. 

macrocosm (mak'-ro-kozm) [macro-; Koo-fios, world]. 
The world or cosmos, in contradistinction to man, 
the microcosm, or little universe. 

macrocosmic (mak-ro-koz'-mik) [macro- ; Koo-fios, 
world]. Pertaining to the macrocosm. 

macrocyst (mak'-ro-sist) [macro-; wans, a cyst]. 
An abnormally large cyst. 

macrocytase (mak-ro-si'-tase). An enzyme found 
in leukocytes and capable of digesting cells and 
other elements of animal origin. 

macrocyte (mak'-ro-sit) [macro-; kvtos, cell]. I. A 
giant red blood-corpuscle found in the blood in 
certain anemias, especially pernicious anemia. 
2. A large lymphocyte. 

macrocythemia (mak-ro-si-the'-me-ah). The pres- 
ence of macrocytes in the blood. 

macrocytosis (mak-ro-si-to'-sis) [macro-; kvtos, cell]. 
The formation of macrocytes. 

macrodactylia (mak-ro-dak-til'-e-ah) [macro-; S&k- 
tuXos, finger]. An abnormally great length, or size, 
of fingers or toes. 

macrodactylism imak-ro-dak'-til-izm). See macro- 
dactylia. 

macrodactyly (mak-ro-dak'-til-e). See macrodacty- 
lia. 

macrodontia (mak-ro-don'-she-ah) [macro-; 6Sovs, 
tooth]. Abnormally large teeth. 

macroesthesia (mak-ro-es-the'-ze-ah) [macro-; ata- 
6t)<tis, sensation]. A disturbance of the tactile and 
stereognostic sense in consequence of which objects 
touched or handled appear much larger than they 
really are. 

macrogamete (mak-ro-gam'-et) [macro-; yap-erri, 
a wife]. The mature female cell in propagative 
reproduction in sporozoa. 

macrogametocyte (mak-ro-gam-et'-o-sit). The en- 
larged merozoite before maturation into the female 
cell in propagative reproduction in sporozoa. 

macrogamy (mak-rog'-am-e). Conjugation of two 
adult protozoan cells. 

macrogastria (mak-ro-gas'-tre-ah) [macro-; yaarrip, 
belly]. Dilatation of the stomach. 

macrogastrous (mak-ro-gas'-trus) [macro-; yao-T-qp, 
stomach]. Having a large stomach or belly. 

macrogenesis imak-ro-jen' -es-is) [macro-; ytwav, 
to beget]. Excessive development of an organ or 
part. 

macroglossia (mak-ro-glos'-e-ah) [macro-; yXaiaaa, 
tongue]. Enlargement of the tongue, a condition 
seen in cretins, in whom it is probably due to lymph- 
angioma. 

macrognathic (mak-rog-nath'-ik) [macro-; yvaBos, 
jaw]. Having long jaws; prognathous. 

macromania (mak-ro-ma'-ne-ah) [ynacro-; navla, 
madness]. A mania characterized by the delusion 
that objects are larger than they really are; or that 
one's own body or members are much larger than they 
are. 

macromastia (mak-ro-mas'-te-ah) [macro-; naaros, 
breast]. Abnormal enlargement of the breast. 
macromazia (mak-ro-ma'-ze-ah). See macromastia. 
macromelia (mak-ro-me'-le-ah) [macro-; p.e\os, organ 
or member]. The excessive development of any or- 
gan or member. 

macromelus {mak-rom' -el-us) [macro-; neXos, organ 
or member], i. Same as macromelia, q. v. 2. One 
having excessively large limbs. 

macromere (mak'-ro-mer) [macro-; y.kpos, part]. 
A large blastomere. 

macromerozoite (mak-ro-me-ro-zo'-it) [macro-; me- 
rozoite]. AJarge merozoite. 

macronosia (mak-ro-no'-ze-ah) [macro-; voaos, ill- 
ness]. A protracted or chronic disease. 

macronucleus (mak-ro-nu'-kle-us). A large nucleus. 
macronychia (mak-ro-nik'-e-ah) [macro-; Sw£, nail]. 
Excessive size of the nails. 

macropathology (mak-ro-path-ol'-o-je) [macro-; path- 



ology]. Pathology which includes no microscopic 
investigation. 

macrophage (mak'-ro-fdj) [macro-; <j>ayelv, to 
devour]. A large phagocyte. 

macrophagocyte (mak-ro-fag'-o-slt) [macro-; (payeiv, 
to devour; kvtos, a cell]. A large-sized phagocyte, 
possessed of a single nucleus, and derived from some 
fixed connective-tissue element. 

macrophallus (mak-ro-fal'-us) [macro-; <£aXX6s, 
penis]. A penis abnormally large or long. 

macropharynx {mak-ro-far'-ingks) [macro- ; pharynx]. 
A large pharynx. 

macro phonous (mak-roff'-o-nus) [macro-; <j>wvr), 
sound]. Loud-voiced. 

macrophotograph (mak-ro-fo'-to-graf) [macro-; pho- 
tograph]. A large photograph, i. e., a macroscopic 
photograph of an object, whether the object is small 
or large. 

macroplasia (mak-ro-pla'-ze-ah) [macro-; irXao-is, 
a moulding]. Excessive development of portions of 
the body. 

macropodia (mak-ro-po'-de-ah) [macro-; ttovs, foot]. 
Excessive size of the feet. 

macropomous (mak-rop'-o-mus) [macro-; irCoiia, a 
lid]. Possessing a large operculum. 

macroporous (mak-rop'-or-us) [macro-; iropos, a 
passage]. Having large pores. 

macroprosopus {mak-ro-pro-so'-pus) [macro-; vpo- 
o-wiroi>, face]. A monster with abnormal develop- 
ment of the face. 

macropsia (mak-rop'-se-ah) . See megalopsia. 
macrorrhinia (mak-ro-rin' -e-ah) [macro-; pis, nose]. 
Congenital hypertrophy of the nose. 

macroscelia (mak-ro-se'-le-ah) [macro-; o-Kk\os, leg]. 
Excessive development of the legs. 

macroscopic (mak-ro-skop'-ik) [macro-; o-KoireZv, 
to see]. Large enough to be seen by the naked eye; 
gross ; not microscopic. 

macrosis (mak-ro'-sis) [naKpds, large]. A state of 
increase in volume. 

macrosmatic (mak-roz-mat'-ik) [macro-; 6<r naeadai, 

to smell]. Having well-developed olfactory organs. 

macrosomia, macrosomatia (mak-ro-so'-me-ah, mak- 

ro-so-ma' -she-ah) [macro-; o-ibfia, body]. Excessive 

size of the body. 

macrospore {mak'-ro-spor) [macro-; awopa, seed]. 
In biology: (a) a spore of relatively large size; (b) one 
of the larger anisospores arising in the reproduction 
of colony -forming Radiolarians. 

macrostomia (mak-ro-sto'-me-ah) [macro-; arona, 
mouth]. Excessive size, or width, of the mouth, or 
of the oral fissuie. 

macro tia (mak-ro' 'she-ah) [macro-; ovs, the ear]. 
Excessive length of the ears. 

macrotin (mak'-ro-tin) [macrotys, cimicifuga]. A 
resin obtained by the precipitation of tincture of 
cimicifuga with water. 

macula (mak'-il-lah) [L.: pi., macules]. A macule. 
maculae acusticae, the terminations of the auditory- 
nerve in the saccule and utricle, m. arcuata, the ar- 
cus senilis, maculae atrophicae cutis, linear atrophy of 
the skin. in. corneae, a permanent corneal opacity 
from an ulcer or keratitis, m. cribrosa, a name for 
the perforations of the fossa hemisphaerica for the 
passage of the filaments of the auditory nerve. 
m. flava, the yellow spot of the retina, m. lutea, 
the yellow spot of the retina. It is the point of 
clearest vision, m. Solaris, a freckle, m. tendineae, 
thin white patches of new fibrous tissue found on the 
surface of the pericardium in some cases of peri- 
carditis. 

macular (mak'-u-lar) [macule]. Characterized by 
or resembling macules. 

maculate (mak'-u-lat). Spotted. 
maculation {mdk-u-la' -shun) [macule]. The state 
or quality of being spotted; the formation of ma- 
cules. 

macule (mak'-ul). A spot, especially one upon 
the skin, not elevated above the surrounding level. 
See also macula. 

maculopapular (mak-u-lo-pap'-u-lar). Having the 
characteristics of a macule and a papule. 

MacWilliam's test for albumin [John Alexander 
MacWilliam, English physician, 1857- ]• To 20 
Cc. of the liquid add a drop or two of a saturated solu- 
tion of salicyl-sulphonic acid; in the presence of albu- 
min a cloudiness or precipitate will be formed. If 
peptones or albumoses are present, this precipitate 
disappears on boiling, but reappears on cooling. 
mad. 1. Insane. 2. Affected with rabies; rabid. 



MADAR 



530 



MAGNET 



madar (mad'-ar). The plant Calotropis gigantea; 
the bark and root are used as a dye. 

madarosis (mad-ar-o'-sis) [y.a8a.puxns, a making 
bald]. Loss of the eyelashes or eyebrows. 

madarotic, madarous (mad-ar-ot'-ik, mad'-ar-us) 
{na.8a.p6s, bald]. Affected with or relating to mada- 
rosis. 

madder (mad'-er). See rubia. 

Maddox test, or Maddox glass-rod test (mad'-uks) 
[Ernest Edmond Maddox, English ophthalmologist]. 
A test of heterophoria by means of a short cylinder 
of transparent glass about one-eighth of an inch long, 
fitted into a slot in an opaque disc to be set in the trial- 
frame before one eye, with a colored piano lens 
before the other eye. The rod converts the image 
of a distant flame into a thin line of light. The rela- 
tive position of the two images thus formed permits 
the measure of imbalance of the muscles. 

madefaction (mad-e-fak'-shun) [madefacere, to 
moisten]. The act of moistening. 

madeira (mad-a'-rah). A fine sherry wine from 
the island of Madeira. 

Madelung's deformity (mad'-el-oong) [Otto Wil- 
helm Madelung, German surgeon, 1846- ]. Pro- 
gressive subluxation of the wrist joint, caused by 
relaxation of the ligaments or abnormality in the 
radial epiphysis. M.'s neck, diffuse lipoma of the 
neck. Syn., Madelung's fetthals. 

madema (mad-e'-mah). See madarosis. 

madescent (mad-es'-ent) [madescere, to become 
wet]. Becoming moist. 

madesis (mad-e'-sis). Synonym of madarosis. 

madidans (mad'-id-anz) [L.]. Weeping, oozing. 
See eczema madidans. 

madisterion, madisterium (mad-is-ter'-e-on, mad- 
is-ter'-e-um) [p.aU$eiv, to pluck bare]. Epilating- 
forceps. 

madness (mad'-nes) . See insanity and mania. 

madreporic, madreporiform (mad-re-por'-ik, -e- 
form) [Madrepora, a genus of corals]. Pierced with 
minute openings. 

madstone (mad'-ston). A small stone, believed 
to have the power of absorbing poison from wounds. 

Madura-foot (ma-doo'-rah-foot) [Madura, a district 
in India]. A disease occurring chiefly in India, and 
characterized by the formation, on the foot (some- 
times on the hand), of a tender purplish swelling, 
which in time suppurates, the pus being evacuated 
through one or more sinuses. These sinuses dis- 
charge a seropurulent liquid containing peculiar 
bodies resembling gunpowder-grains or fish-roe. 
The disease is chronic, but remains local, and is 
believed to be due to an organism allied to the 
Actinomyces fungus. Syn., mycetoma. 

mageiric (maj-i'-rik) [p.aytLpuibs, fit for cookery]. 
Relating to dietetics or the culinary art. 

Magendie's foramen (ma-zjon'-de) [Francois 
Magendie, French physiologist, 1783-1855]. A 
foramen of communication between the fourth ven- 
tricle and the subarachnoid space at the tip of the 
calamus scriptorius. M.'s law. See Bell's law. 
M.'s solution, a solution of morphine sulphate, 16 
grains to the ounce. M.'s spaces, imperfectly closed 
lymph-spaces formed by the separation of the 
arachnoid from the pia and corresponding to the 
cerebral sulci. 

magenta (ma-jen'-tah) [from Magenta, Italy]. A 
coal-tar dye from which fuchsin and a large number 
of other dyes are prepared. 

magistery (maj-is'-ter-e) [magisterium, master- 
piece]. Formerly, a preparation considered to have 
especial virtue as a remedy, m. of bismuth, the 
subnitrate of bismuth, m. of tin (M. Jovis), precipi- 
tated stannous oxide. 

magistral (maj'-is-tral) [magister, a master]. 
Applied to medicines prepared on prescription. 

magma (mag'-mah) [p.6,-yp.a, mass]. Sediment; 
dregs; any pulpy mass. 

magnalium (jnag-na'-le-um). An alloy of mag- 
nesium and aluminum; specific gravity 2 to 3, melting- 
point 6oo° to 700 C. It is similar in quality to brass 
and bronze when the quantity of magnesium varies 
from 5 % to 30 %. 

Magnan's sign (man'-yan) [Valentin Magnan, 
French neurologist, 1835- ]. A hallucination ot 
general sensation which takes the form of the sen- 
sation of a round foreign body beneath the skin; 
it is noted in chronic cocainism. 

magnesia (mag-ne' -ze-ah) [from Magnesia, a district 
in Thessaly]. Magnesium oxide, MgO. m., black, 



black oxide of manganese, m., calcined. See mag- 
nesium carbonate, m., white, magnesium carbonate. 
See also magnesium. 

magnesic (mag-ne' -zik). Pertaining to or con- 
taining magnesium. 

magnesite (mag'-nez-U). Native magnesium 
carbonate. 

magnesium (mag-ne' -ze-um) [see magnesia]. Sym- 
bol Mg; atomic weight 24.32; quantivalence II; 
specific gravity 1.75. A bluish-white metal of the 
group to which calcium and barium belong. It is 
abundantly distributed throughout inorganic and 
organic nature; its salts are used in the arts and in 
medicine. The source of magnesium and its salts is 
chiefly the minerals dolomite and Jcieserite. m. 
acetate, Mg(C2H 3 2 )2 +441*20, cathartic. Dose 
5-60 gr. (0.32-4.0 Gm.). m. benzoate, Mg(C7H 5 02)2: 
used in gout. Dose 3-20 gr. (0.2-1.3 Gm.). m. 
bisulphate, MgH 2 (SO.j)2; cathartic. Dose 5-20 gr. 
(0.32-1.3 Gm.). m. borate, Mg(B0 2 ) 2 . 2Mg(OH) 2 + 
7H2O; antiseptic. Dose 5-20 gr. (0.32-1.3 Gm.). 
m. borocitrate, a compound of citric acid, magnesium 
carbonate, and borax; used in lithiasis, gout, etc. 
Dose 15-30 gr. (1-2 Gm.). m. bromide, MgBr2 + 
6H2O; sedative. Dose 10-20 gr. (0.65-1.3 Gm.). 
m. carbonate (magnesii carbonas, U. S. P.), (MgCOa)4. 
Mg(OH)2+5H^O; exists in two forms — as light 
(magnesii carbonas levis) and as heavy magnesium 
carbonate (magnesii carbonas ponderosa). It is 
antacid, laxative, and antilithic. Dose 30-60 gr. 
(2-4 Gm.). m. carbonate, solution of (liquor mag- 
nesia, carbonatis, B. P.). Dose 1-2 oz. (32-64 Cc). 
m. chloride, MgCl2+6H20; aperient and cathartic. 
Dose 240-465 gr. (16-30 Gm.). m. citrate, effer- 
vescent, is cathartic. Dose 1-3 dr. (4-12 Cc). 
m. citrate, solution of (liquor magnesii citratis, U. S. 
P.). Dose 4-8 oz. (128-256 Cc). m. copaivate, 
antiseptic, diuretic, laxative, and stimulant. Dose 
10-20 gr. (0.65-1.3 Gm.). m. creosotate. See 
creasote-magnesia. m. dioxide, Mg02, used in 
anemia. Syn., biogen. m. ergotate, used in amenor- 
rhea and epilepsy. Dose f-i gr. (0.04-0.065 Gm.). 
m. fluoride, MgF2, an antiseptic, m. hydrate, m. 
hydroxide, Mg(OH)2. It is antacid, antilithic, and 
cathartic. Dose 60-120 gr. (4-8 Gm.). m. hypo- 
phosphite, Mg(H2P02)2 +6H2O, a nerve-stimulant. 
Dose 10-20 gr. (0.65-1.3 Gm.). m. ichthyolate, a 
combination of freshly calcined magnesia, 100 parts; 
ichthyol, 775 parts. Mixed with talc it is used 
as an antiseptic dusting-powder, m. iodide, Mgl2, 
alterative and sialagogue. Dose 2-10 gr. (0.13-0.65 
Gm.). m. lactate, Mg(C3H 5 03)2+3H20; a laxative. 
Dose 15-45 gr. (1-3 Gm.). m. oxide (magnesii 
oxidum, U. S. P.), MgO, is obtained by calcining 
magnesium carbonate, and exists in two forms — 
as light magnesia and as heavy magnesia (magnesii 
oxidum ponder osum, U. S. P.). It is used as an 1 ant- 
acid and laxative, as a dusting-powder, and as an 
antidote to arsenic. Dose 10 gr.-i dr. (0.65-4.0 Gm.). 
m. oxide, ferric hydroxide with (ferri hydroxidum 
cum magnesii oxido, U. S. P.). Dose as arsenical 
antidote 4 oz. (120 Cc). m. oxide, heavy. See 
under m. oxide, m. phenolsulphonate, an antiseptic 
purgative. Dose 15-30 gr. (1-2 Gm.). m. salicy- 
late, Mg(C7H503)2+H20, an intestinal antiseptic 
and antirheumatic. Dose 15-120 gr. (1-8 Gm.). 
m. sclerotinate. See m. ergotate. m. silicate, 
Mg2Sis08+2H20, absorbent, astringent, and anti- 
septic Dose 60-150 gr. (4-10 Gm.). m. sozoiodo- 
late, (C6H2l2(OH)S03)2Mg+8H 2 0, an antiseptic. 
m. sulphate (magnesii sulphas, U. S. P.), MgS04 + 
7H2O, Epsom salt, is an active cathartic, especially 
useful in inflammatory affections. Dose 1 dr.-i oz. 
(4-32 Gm.). m. sulphate, effervescent (magnesii 
sulphas effervescens, U. S. P.), cathartic. Dose 
2 dr.-i oz. (8-32 Gm.). m. sulphophenate. See 
m. phenolsulphonate. m. tartrate, MgdPUOe, is 
cathartic and used in diseases of the spleen with 
neuralgic symptoms. Dose 8-15 gr. (0.52-1.0 Gm.). 

magnet (mag' -net) [Mdyvnaaa, stone of Magnesia, 
in Thessaly, where lodestone was fust found]. 1. 
Lodestone, a magnetic iron oxide. 2. A body having 
the power to attract iron bodies, m., electro-. 
See electromagnet, m., giant, m., Haab, a large 
powerful stationary magnet for extracting particles 
of steel from the eye. m., horseshoe, an iron magnet 
having the shape of a horse-shoe. m. operation, 
the operation of removing foreign bodies of steel 
from the eye by means of a magnet, m., permanent, 
one the magnetic properties of which are permanent, 



MAGNETIC 



531 



MALAR 



in contradistinction to a temporary magnet, m., 
temporary, one which derives its magnetism from 
another magnet or from a galvanic current. 

magnetic (mag-net' -ik) [magnet]. Pertaining or 
belonging to a magnet. Possessing the property of 
magnetism. 

magnetism (mag'-net-izm) [magnet]. The power 
possessed by a magnet to attract or repel other 
masses, m., animal, hypnotism. 

magnetization (mag-net-iz-a'-shun) [magnet]. The 
process of rendering a substance magnetic. 

magnetoelectricity (mag-net-o-e-lek-tris'-it-e) [mag- 
net; electricity]. Electricity produced by means of a 
magnet. 

magnetograph (mag-net' -o-graf) [magnet; ypcupeiv, 
to write]. An instrument for determining the in- 
tensity of magnetic action. 

magnetoinduction (mag-net-o-in-duk' -shun) [mag- 
net; inductio, induction]. The production of an 
induced current by the insertion of a magnet within a 
coil of wire. 

magnetometer (mag-net-om'-et-r) [magnet; nerpov, 
a measure]. A series of magnets suspended so as to 
record graphically variations in direction and in- 
tensity of magnetic force. 

magneto-optic (mag-net-o-op'-tik). Relating to 
magnetism and light. 

magnetotherapy (mag-net-o-ther'-ap-e) [magnet; 
depaireia, treatment]. The treatment of diseases by 
magnets. 

magniductor (mag-ne-duk' -tor) [magnus, great; 
ductor, a leader]. The adductor magnus of the thigh. 

magnification (mag-nif-ik-a'-shun) [magnus, large; 
facere, to make]. Enlargement, especially the en- 
largement of the image of an object by means of 
lenses. 

magnifying (mag'-nif-i-ing) [see magnification]. 
Enlarging; making greater, m. power, the power 
of a lens to increase the diameters of the image of an 
object. 

magnum, m., os. See bones, table of. 

mahamari (mah-hah-mah'-re) [E. Ind.]. Synonym 
of the plague, q. v. 

Maher's disease (mah'-er). Paracolpitis. 

Mahler's sign (mah'-ler) [Richard A. Mahler, 
German obstetrician]. A gradual increase of pulse- 
rate in the puerperium, without rise of temperature, 
is characteristic of venous thrombosis. 

maidalakri (mi-dal-ak'-re). The bark of Litsea 
salicifolia, used in the East Indies in diarrhea. 

maidenhead, i. Virginity. 2. The hymen. 

maidismus (ma-id-iz'-mus) [mays, maidis, maize]. 
Maize-poisoning, or pellagra. 

Maier's sinus (mi'-er) [Rudolf Maier, German 
physician, 1824-1888]. A small, infundibular de- 
pression in the wall of the lacrimal sac near the 
opening of the lacrimal ducts. 

maieusiomania (ma-u-se-o-ma'-ne-ah) [/daUvais, de- 
livery; fiavla, madness]. Puerperal insanity. 

maieusiophobia (ma-u-se-o-fo'-be-ah) [nalevais, 
childbirth; <£6/3os, fear]. Morbid dread of child- 
birth. 

maieutics (ma-u'-tiks) [naieurrjs, an obstetrician; 
naLevriKT), obstetrics]. Midwifery; obstetrics. 

maim (mam) [OF., mehaigner, to maim]. To 
cripple by injury or removal of a limb. 

main-en-griff e (mang-on(g)-gref). See claw-hand. 
m. succulente, edema of the hands. 

maintenance (man' -ten-ans) [manus, hand; tenere, 
to hold]. The relationship which exists between 
increment and excrement, after a body has reached 
maturity. 

Maisonneuve's bandage (ma-zon-nerv') [Jacques 
Gilles Thomas Maissonneuve, French surgeon, 1809- 
1897]- A variety of plaster-of-Paris bandage formed 
from cloths folded, these being supported by other 
bandages. 

Maissiat's band (ma-ze-ah') [Jacques Maissiat, 
French anatomist, 1805-1878]. The iliotibial liga- 
ment, a fibrous band in the fascia lata that extends 
from near the anterior superior spine of the ilium 
to the outer tuberosity of the tibia. 

maize (maz) [W. Ind., mahiz]. Indian corn. See 
zea mays. 

maizole (ma'-zol). Trade name of an emulsion of 
cod oil, suggested as a substitute for cod-liver oil. 

maizolithium (ma-zo-lith' -e-um) . A diuretic and 
sedative said to consist of a combination of maizenic 
acid from cornsilk and lithium. Dose 1-2 dr. 
(4-8 Cc). 



make (mak) [AS., macian, to make]. In elec- 
tricity — (1) to establish the flow of an electric current; 
(2) the establishing of the flow of an electric current. 

makro- (mak'-ro-). See macro-. 

mal [Fr., from malum, evil; disease]. Disease. 
m. de caderas, a disease of horses, mules, and swine 
in South America, characterized by fever, emaciation, 
and general paresis which first appears in the hind 
legs. m. de coit. See dourine. m. de mer, sea- 
sickness, m. des bassines, a dermatitis affecting 
those engaged in winding silkworm cocoons, due to a 
toxic substance in the urinary product of the silk- 
worm moths, m., grand. See grand mal. m. 
perforant, perforating ulcer of the foot; a trophic 
lesion of tabes, m., petit. See petit mal. m. del 
pinto or de los pintos, Mexican contagious psoriasis. 

mal- [malus, bad]. A prefix meaning bad. 

mala (ma'-lah) [L.]. The cheek-bone or the 
cheek. 

Malabar itch (mal'-ab-ar). A cutaneous disease 
of the Malabar coast. M. leprosy of. Synonym of 
elephantiasis Arabum. M. nut. See adhatoda vasica. 
M. ulcer. See phagedena tropica. 

Malacarne's pyramid (mal-ak-ar'-na) [Michele 
Vincenzo Giacintos Malacarne, Italian surgeon, 
1744-1816]. A crucial projection formed by the 
union of the vermis inferior of the cerebellum, at the 
junction of its posterior and middle thirds, with two 
transverse prolongations which pass into the corre- 
sponding hemispheres. M.'s space. See Tarinus' 
fossa. 

malachite-green (mal'-ak-it). A salt of tetraethyl- 
diparaamido-triphenyl-carbinol. It is used as a 
stain and as a means of differentiating the colon 
bacillus from the typhoid bacillus; it has also been 
used in the treatment of trypanosomiasis. 

malacia (mal-a'-se-ah) [fiaXada, a softening]. 1. A 
morbid softening of tissue. 2. A depraved appetite. 
m. cordis, a softening of the heart muscle, m., 
vascular, a form marked by excessive new formation 
of vessels. 

malacocataracta (mal-ak-o-kat-ar-ak'-tah) [ptaXaicos, 
soft; KarapaxTris, cataract]. A soft cataract. 

malacogaster (mal-ak-o-gas'-ter) [p-aXa/da, a soften- 
ing; yaffTTjp, stomach]. Softening of the gastric 
walls. A synonym of gastromalacia. 

malacoma (mal-ak-o'-mah) [/xaXaicos, soft; pi., 
malacomata]. The softening of any organ or part 
of the body. 

malacopeous, malacopoeous (mal-ah-ko'-pe-us) 
[tiahaKoiroielv, to make soft]. Softening; enervating; 
emollient. 

malacophonous (mal-ak-off'-o-nus) [paXaKos, soft; 
<j>wvi), voice]. Soft-voiced. 

malacosarcosis (mal-ak-o-sar-ko'-sis) [paXa/cbs, soft; 
aap£, flesh]. Softness of tissues, as of muscle. 

malacosis (mal-ak-o'-sis) [paXaKos, soft]. The 
condition distinguished by the abnormal softening 
of the tissues of any part of the body. Also, the 
process of malacoma. m. cordis. See myomalacia. 

malacosomous (mal-ak-o-so'-mus) [paXaicos, soft; 
<rG>na, body]. Soft-bodied. 

malacosteon, malacosteosis (mal-ah-kos'-te-on, mal- 
ah-kos' -te-o-sis) . See osteomalacia. 

malacotomy (mal-ah-kot'-o-me) [fj.aXa.1c6s, soft; 7-0/117, 
a cutting]. Incision of the abdomen; celiotomy. 

malacozoon (mal-ak-o-zo'-on) [paXaicds, soft; $c$ov, 
animal]. A soft animal; a mollusc. 

malactic (mal-ak'-tik) [paXaubs, soft]. Emollient; 
softening. 

malady (mal'-ad-e) [malum, evil]. Disease. 

malagma (mal-ag'-mah) [naXayna, a poultice: pi., 
malagmata], A poultice, q. v. 

malaise (mal-az') [Fr.]. A general feeling of ill- 
ness, accompanied by restlessness and discomfort. 

malakin (mal'-ak-in). A synthetic product allied 
to acetphenetidin and recommended as an antirheu- 
matic, antipyretic, and antineuralgic. Dose 60-90 
gr. (4-6 Gm.) daily. 

malanders (mal-and'-urz). See malandria. 

malandria (mal-an'-dre-ah). 1. An affection related 
to leprosy or elephantiasis. 2. Malanders or malen- 
ders, a disease of the horse characterized by a fur- 
furaceous eruption at the bend of the knee and on 
the inside of the hock. It is called malenders when 
affecting the foreleg and salenders when affecting the 
hind leg. 

malar (ma'-lar) [mala, cheek]. Pertaining to the 
malar bones, m. arch, the zygoma, m. bones, the 
two cheek bones, m. point. See point. 



MALARIA 



532 



MALOMAXILLARY 



malaria (mal-a'-re-ah) . See malarial fever. 

malarial (mal-a'-re-al) [malaria, bad air]. Per- 
taining to malaria, m. cachexia, a chronic form of 
malaria characterized by anemia, general failuie of 
health, a sallow complexion, and enlargement of the 
spleen, m. fever, a disease associated with the pres- 
ence in the blood of a protozoan parasite, the Plas- 
modium vivax, the Plasmodium malaria, and the 
Plasmodium prcecox; it is characterized by peri- 
odicity, enlargement of the spleen, and the presence 
in the blood, free or within the red corpuscles, 
of parasites (plasmodia) that exert a deleterious 
influence upon the red cells. The paroxysms 
may be intermittent, remittent, or irregular. If 
repeated daily, the fever is designated quotidian; if 
on alternate days, tertian; if with an interval of two 
days, quartan. If two paroxysms occur daily, the 
fever is designated a double quotidian. There may 
be a tertian form, a paroxysm occurring daily, but 
only those of alternate days being alike; a double 
quartan form, and others. A typical malarial par- 
oxysm consists of a cold stage, a hot stage, and a 
sweating stage, occurring in the sequence given. 
Intermittent fever is characterized by the occurrence 
of a complete intermission of the symptoms in the 
interval between two paroxysms, the temperature 
becoming normal or subnormal. In remittent fever 
there is only an amelioration of the symptoms in the 
intervals. In certain localities in which the malarial 
organisms are exceedingly numerous or intensely 
virulent the attack displays a pernicious tendency. 
Of this type there may be a cerebral form, charac- 
terized either by delirium and excitement or by 
coma and depression; a thoracic form, in which the 
respiration is acceleiated and there is an urgent sense 
of the need of air; a gastrointestinal form, attended 
with nausea, vomiting, jaundice, and diarrhea; or an 
asthenic or algid form, in which there is a condition 
of marked debility with a striking coldness of the 
surface and of the breath. To the h regular mani- 
festations of malarial poisoning, which do not at 
any time present the classic association of chill, 
fever, and sweat, the designation of "dumb ague" 
is given. The enlargement of the spleen in chronic 
malaria is sometimes designated "ague-cake." Syn., 
marsh-fever, m. hematuria, the presence of blood 
in the urine as a result of malarial poisoning, m. 
neuralgia, neuralgia due to malarial intoxication. 

malarilabialis (mal-a-re-la-be-a'-lis). See zygo- 
maticus major under muscle. 

malarin (maV -ar-in) . See acetophenonephenetidin. 

malarious (mal-a'-re-us). See malarial. 

Malassez' disease {mal-as-a') [Louis Charles 
Malassez, French physiologist, 1842-1910]. Cystic 
disease of the testis. 

malassimilation (mal-as-im-il-a'-shun) [mal-; as- 
similation]. Defective assimilation. 

malate (mal' -at). A salt of malic acid. 

malaxation (mal-aks-a'-shun) [naXiuraeiv, to soften]. 

1. The act of kneading. 2. A form of massage. 
malcious (mal'-shus) [ixclKklos, freezing]. Benumb- 
ing; causing to freeze; becoming congealed. 

male (mal'-e) [paXr)]. The axilla. 
male (mal) [masculus, a male]. 1. Pertaining to 
the male sex, or that which impregnates the female. 

2. A member of the male sex. 3. Of a double- 
bladed instrument, the blade which is received into 
a hollow of the other (female) blade, m.-fern. See 
Aspidium. m. organ, the penis. 

maleic (mal-e'-ik). Relating to or derived from 
malic acid. 

malemission (mal-e-mish'-un) [mal-; e, out; 
mittere, to send]. Failure of the semen to be ejected 
from the penis during coitus. 

malen (ma'-len) [mala, cheek]. Belonging to the 
malar bone in itself. 

Malerba's test for acetone (mahl-er'-bah) [Pasquale 
Malerba, Italian physician]. Add to the acetone a 
solution of dimethylparaphenylendiamine; a red 
coloration results. 

malformation (mal-for-ma'-shun) [mal-; formatio, 
a forming]. An abnormal development or formation 
of a part of the body. 

Malgaigne's hernia (mahl-gan') [Joseph Francois 
Malgaigne, French surgeon, 1806-1865]. Hernia of 
infancy ; descent of the intestine into the open vaginal 
process of the peritoneum. M.'s hooks, two pairs of 
hooks connected by a screw for approximating the 
fragments of a fractured patella. M.'s triangle, the 
superior carotid triangle. 



malgenic (mal-jen'-ik) [malum, evil; yewav, to 
beget]. Producing disease. 

maliasmus (mal-e-az'-mus). Synonym of glanders. 

malic acid (ma'-lik). See acid, malic. 

maliform (maV -e-form) [malum, an apple; forma, 
form]. Shaped like an apple. 

malign (mal-in'). See malignant. 

malignancy (mal-ig'-nan-se) [see malignant]. The 
quality of being malignant. 

malignant (mal-ig'-nant) [mal-; gignere, to begetj. 
Virulent, compromising or threatening life. m. 
cholera, Asiatic cholera, m. edema. See edema, 
malignant, m. fever, typhus fever, m. pustule, 
anthrax, m. tumor, a tumor that destroys life. 
Malignant tumors recur and give rise to metastasis. 
m. vesicle, anthrax. 

malignin (ma-lig'-nin). A hypothetical ferment 
credited with being the cause of the malignancy of 
cancer. 

malimali (mah'-le-mah'-le). A convulsive tic 
prevalent in the Philippines. 

malingerer (mal-in' -jer-er) [Fr. malingre, sickly, 
from malus, bad; cBger, ill; sick]. One who feigns 
illness or defect. 

malingering, malingery (mal-in' -jer-ing, mal-in'- 
jer-e) [see malingerer]. The feigning of disease. 

malis (ma' -lis). A name vaguely applied to 
various diseases, generally of the skin, and especially 
to such as are due to vermin, or to parasitic worms 
that burrow in the skin. 

malleable (mal'-e-a-bl) [malleus, hammer]. Cap- 
able of being beaten or rolled into thin sheets. 

malleability (mal-e-ab-iV -it-e) [malleus, hammer]. 
The quality of being malleable. 

malleal, mallear (mal'-e-al, -ar) [malleus]. Re- 
lating to the malleus. 

malleation (mal-e-a'-shun) [malleus], A spasmodic 
action of the hands, consisting in continuously striking 
any near object. 

malleiform (mal'-e-if-orm) [malleus; forma, form]. 
Hammer-shaped. 

mallein (mal'-e-in) [malleus, farcy]. A fluid 
obtained from cultures of Bacillus mallei, the micro- 
organism of glanders. When injected into the 
circulation of a glanderous animal, it causes an ele- 
vation of temperature, and has been recommended 
for use in the early diagnosis of farcy or glanders. 

malleinization (mal-e-in-i-za'-shun). Inoculation 
with mallein. 

mallenders (mal'-en-derz). A kind of eczema or 
scab above the fore-foot and about the knee of the 
horse; and see malandria. 

malleoincudal (mal-e-o-ing'-ku-dal) [malleus; incus, 
anvil]. Relating to the malleus and the incus. 

malleolar (mal'-e-o-lar) [malleolus]. Relating to a 
malleolus. 

malleolus (mal-e'-o-lus) [dim. of malleus; pi., 
malleoli]. A part or process of bone having a ham- 
mer-head shape, m., external, the lower extremity 
of the fibula, m., internal, a process on the internal 
surface of the lower extremity of the tibia, m. 
lateralis. Same as m. external, m. medialis. Same 
as m. internal, m. radialis, the styloid process of the 
radius, m. ulnaris, the styloid process of the ulna. 

malleotomy (mal-e-ot'-o-me) [malleus, or malleolus; 
tout), incision]. 1. Incision or division of the malleus. 
2. Division of the ligaments attached to the malleoli. 

mallet finger (mal'-et). See finger, m. toe, a 
deformity of a toe characterized by deficient ex- 
tension or undue flexion of the terminal phalanx; 
hammer-toe. 

malleus (mal'-e-us) [L., "hammer"]. 1. One of 
the ossicles of the internal ear having the shape of a 
hammer. 2. Glanders. 

mallotoxin (mal-o-toks'-in). See rottlerin. 

Mallotus (mal-o'-tus) [naWos, wool]. A genus 
of euphorbiaceous trees and shrubs. M. philippi- 
nensis, a species of India, yields the dyestuff kamila. 
The leaves and fruit are used in the treatment of 
snake-bites; the root, in contusions. 

mallow (mal'-o). See malva. m., marsh-. See 
althcea. 

malnutrition (mal-nu-trish'-un) [mal-; nutrition]. 
Imperfect nutrition or sustenance. 

malocclusion (mal-ok-loo'-shun) [mal-; occluder e, 
to shut up]. The occlusion of the teeth in positions 
not conformable to anatomical rule. 

malomaxillary (ma-lo-maks'-il-a-re) [mala, cheek; 
maxilla]. Relating to the cheek or malar bone and 
the maxilla. 



MALONYL 



533 



MANCINISM 



malonyl (mal'-on-il), CH 2 <£q. The bivalent 

radical of malonic acid. m. urea, barbituric acid. 

maloplasty (mal'-o-plas-te) [mala, cheek; irXaa-aeiv, 
to form]. Plastic surgery of the cheek. 

Malpighian body (mal-pe'-ge-an) [Marcello Mal- 
pighi, Italian anatomist, 1628-1694]. The com- 
mencement of a uriniferous tubule, consisting of the 
glomerule of vessels (the Malpighian tuft) and the 
membranous envelope (Bowman's capsule). M. 
capsule. See Bowman's capsule. M. cells, M. vesi- 
cles, the pulmonary alveoli. M. corpuscle, any one 
of the minute whitish nodules of lymphadenoid tissue 
in the red substance of the spleen along the course of 
the blood-vessels. M. pyramids, conical masses, 
eight to ten in number, in the medullary portion of 
the kidney, having their apices directed toward the 
pelvis and their bases toward the cortex. M. rete 
mirabile, the network formed by the ultimate rami- 
fications of the pulmonary artery. M. stigmata, 
the orifices of the capillary veins that join the branches 
of the splenic vein at right angles. M. stratum, the 
rete mucosum of the epidermis. M. tuft, a glomerule 
of the kidney. 

malposition (mal-po-zish'-un) [mal-; position]. An 
abnormal position of any part or organ, especially 
of the fetus. 

malpractice (mal-prak'-tis) [mal-; practice]. Im- 
proper treatment through carelessness, or ignorance, 
or intentionally; treatment of a disease by a method 
contrary to that taught by experience; also, the un- 
lawful production of an abortion. 

malpraxis (mal-prax'-is). Same as malpractice. 

malpresentation (mal-pre-sen-ta' -shun) [mal-; pre- 
sentation]. In obstetrics, such a position of the 
child at birth that delivery is difficult or impossible. 

malt, maltum (mawlt, mawl'-tum) [AS., mealt]. 
Grain which has been soaked, made to germinate, and 
dried. The maltum of the U. S. P. is the grain of 
common barley, Hordeum distichon, made to germi- 
nate by warmth and moisture, and then baked so as 
to arrest the germinating process. The germinated 
grains contain diastase, dextrin, and maltose, as 
well as proteids. Malt is used as a nutrient in wast- 
ing diseases, m. extract (extractum malti, U. S. P.). 
Dose 1-4 dr. (4-16 Cc). m. fluidextract of. Dose 
|-2 oz. (15-60 Cc). m.-liquors, infusions of malt 
fermented so as to contain alcohol. Those in com- 
mon use are beer, ale, and porter. Beer is made by a 
comparatively slow fermentation, and contains about 
2.5 % of alcohol. Ale and porter are fermented more 
rapidly, and contain about 4.7 % of alcohol. The 
malt used in making porter is browned, giving the 
liquor a darker color, m.-sugar, maltose. 

Malta fever. See fever, Mediterranean. 

maltase (mawl-tds'). An enzyme found in the 
saliva and pancreatic juice which converts maltose 
into dextrose. 

Malthus, doctrine of (mal'-thus) [Thomas Robert 
Malthus, English political economist, 1 766-1 834]. 
The doctrine that the increase of population is pro- 
portionately greater than the increase of subsistence. 
Syn., Malthusianism. 

maltine (mawl'-ten) [malt]. A name given to 
various proprietary preparations of malted wheat or 
barley, useful as food for invalids. 

maltobiose (mawl-to-bi'-os) . Maltose. 

maltodextrin (mawl-to-deks'-trin). A form of 
dextrin convertible into malt. 

maltol (mawl'-tol), CeHeOs. A constituent of 
malt caramel, an odorless substance soluble in hot 
water. 

maltopepsine (mawl-to-pep'-sin). Trade name of 
a preparation containing malt and pepsin. 

maltosazone (mawl-to' -saz-on) . An osazone formed 
from maltose. 

maltose (mawl'-tos) [malt], C12H22O11+H2O. A 
variety of sugar formed, together with dextrin, by 
the action of malt diastase upon starch. 

maltosuria (mawl-ids-u'-re-ah) [maltose; ovpov, 
urine]. The presence of maltose in the urine. 

maltova (mawl-to'-vah). A concentrated food said 
to be a combination of the proteids of egg. 

maltoyerbin (mawl-to-yer'-bin). An expectorant 
said to consist of malt and yerba santa. 

malturned (mal-turnd') . Term applied to a tooth 
so turned on its central axis as to stand in malposi- 
tion. 

maltzyme (mawlt'-zim). A concentrated diastasic 
extract of malt; indicated in starchy indigestion. 



Dose 1-2 tablespoonfuls (15-30 Cc.) during or after 
meals. 

malum (ma'-lum) [malum, evil]. Disease, m. 
JEgyptiacum, diphtheria, m. articulorum. Synonym 
of rheumatism and of gout. m. articulorum senilis. 
Synonym of arthritis deformans, m. caducum, the 
falling sickness, or epilepsy, m. Cotunnii, sciatica. 
m. coxae. Synonym of hip disease, m. perforans 
pedis, perforating ulcer of the foot. m. pilare, 
trichinosis, m. primarium, a primary or idiopathic 
disease, m. Rustii, a form of cervical Pott's disease 
described by Rust. m. arteriarum senilis, senile 
endarteritis deformans, m. venereum. Synonym 
of syphilis. 

malunion (mal-u'-nyon). Incomplete union or 
union in a faulty position of the fragments of a 
fractured bone. 

Malva (mal'-vah) [L., "mallow"]. The mallow; 
a genus of malvaceous plants. The leaves of M. 
alcea, M. rotundifolia, and M. sylvestris are used as 
demulcents. 

Maly's test for hydrochloric acid in stomach- 
contents (mah'-le) [Richard Leo Maly, Austrian 
chemist, 1839-1864]. Place the filtered contents 
of the stomach'in a glass dish, and add ultramarine 
sufficient to make it blue. Suspend a piece of lead- 
paper in the upper part of the dish, and cover with a 
watch-glass. Warm this on the water-bath for 15 
minutes, and in the presence of HC1 the blue color 
will change to brown and the lead-paper will become 
dark, owing to the development of H2S. 

mamanpian (mah-mahn-pe-ahn') [Fr.]. The promi- 
nent ulcer of frambesia. 

mamelon (mam'-el-on). A nipple; boss; hemi- 
spherical projection. 

mamelonated (mam'-el-on-a-ted). Having nipple- 
like elevations. 

mamma (mam' -ah) [L.: pi., mamma]. The breast; 
the milk-secreting gland of the mother, m. aberrans, 
supernumerary breast, m. erratica, supernumerary 
breast, m. yirilis, the male breast. 

mammalgia (mam-al'-je-ah) [mamma; akyos, pain]. 
Pain in the mamma. 

Mammalia (mam-a'-le-ah) [mamma]. A division 
of the class of vertebrates including all animals that 
suckle their young. 

mammary (mam'-a-re) [mamma]. Pertaining to 
the mammae, m. artery. See under artery, m. 
gland. See gland, mammary. m. line, the vertical 
line passing through the nipple. 

mammate (mam' -at) [mamma, breast]. Having 
mammae or breasts. 

mammiform (mam'-if-orm) [mamma, breast; forma, 
shape]. Breast-shaped; shaped like a cone whose 
apex is rounded. 

mammilla (mam-il'-ah) [dim. of mamma], A small 
prominence or papilla, m. of breast, the nipple or 
teat. 

mammillaplasty (mam-iV -ap-las-te) [mammilla ; 
■xKaaaeiv, to mold]. A plastic operation for the pur- 
pose of elevating a depressed nipple. 

mammillary (mam'-il-a-re) [mammilla]. Nipple- 
shaped; pertaining to a nipple. 

mammillated (mam' -il-at-ed) . Covered upon the 
surface with nipple-like protuberances. 

mammillation (mam-il-a' -shun) [mammilla], A 
granulation, especially on some mucous surface. 

mammilliplasty (mam-iV -ip-las-te) [mammilla, nip- 
ple; irX<We»>, to shape]. Plastic surgery of the 
nipple. 

mammilloid (mam'-il-oid) [mammilla, nipple; 
eldos, like]. -Nipple-shaped. 

mammillose (mam'-il-os). Having many nipples 
or nipple-shaped processes. 

mammin (mam'-in) [mamma, breast]. A prepara- 
tion of mammary glands. 

mammitis (mam-i'-tis). See mastitis. 

mammose (mam'-os) [mamma]. Having full or 
abnormally large breasts. 

mammotomy (mam-ot'-o-me). See mastotomy. 

mamos (mam'-os). Trade name applied to a 
preparation of mammary gland substance. 

manaca (man'-ak-ah) [Braz., manacan]. The root 
of Franciscea or Brunfelsia uniflora, known in Brazil 
as "vegetable mercury." It is used as an antisyphil- 
itic, diuretic and cathartic. 

manchineel (man-chin- el'). See Hippomane man- 
cinella. 

mancinism (man'-sin-izm) [mancus, imperfect, 
maimed]. Left-handedness. 



MENDEL'S TEST FOR PROTEINS 534 



MANNKOPFF'S SIGN 



Mandel's test for proteins {man' -del) [John A. 
Mandel, American chemist]. Add to the proteid 
solution a 5 % solution of chromium trioxide and a 
precipitate will be formed. 

Mandelbaum's reaction (man'-del-bowm) [M. 
Mandelbaum, German physician]. The thread- 
reaction. 

mandible, mandibula (man'-dib-l, man-dib' -u-lah) 
[mandere, to chew]. The inferior maxillary bone. 

mandibular (man-dib' -u-lar) [mandible]. Pertain- 
ing to the mandible, or lower jaw. 

mandioca (man-de-o'-kah) . See manioc. 

mandragora (man-drag-o'-rah) \jiav8paybpas, the 
mandrake]. The mandrake. A genus of solanaceous 
plants. M. officinalis has been used as a narcotic 
and hypnotic. It and other species contain an 
alkaloid, mandragorine, Q7H23NO3, resembling atro- 
pine in action. 

mandrake (man'-drak). See mandragora and 
podophyllum. 

mandrel, mandrin (man'-drel, man'-drin) [Ger.]. 
The firm guide or stylet (usually of metal) that gives 
rigidity to a flexible catheter while it is being inserted. 

manducation (man-du-ka' -shun) [manducatio, a 
chewing]. The chewing or mastication of food. 

manducatory (man-du'-kat-or-e) [manducare, to 
chew]. Pertaining to manducation. 

manganese, manganum (man'-gan-ez, man'-gan- 
um) [an altered form of magnesium]. Symbol Mn; 
atomic weight 54-93; quantivalence II, IV, VI. 
A brittle, hard, grayish-white metal, having a specific 
gravity of 7.2, and resembling iron in properties. It 
forms several oxides, the highest of which, MmCh, 
forms an acid, HMnOi, from which salts, the per- 
manganates, are produced, m. albuminate, used in 
chlorosis and anemia, m. arsenate, MnHAs04, 
alterative and tonic. Dose aV-f gr. (0.002-0.013 
Gm.). m. carbonate, MnC03, used as a tonic in 
anemia and chlorosis. Dose 8-40 gr. (0.52-2.6 
Gm.). m. citrate, MnHCeHsO, used as a tonic and 
astringent instead of iron citrate. Dose 1-3 gr. 
(0.065-0.2 Gm.). m. dioxide, precipitated (mangani 
dioxidum prcecipitatum, U. S. P.), MnO"2, black 
oxide of manganese, is tonic and alterative, and has 
been used in syphilis, chlorosis, in various skin 
diseases, and in certain forms of dyspepsia. Dose 
3-20 gr. (0.2-1.3 Gm.). It is employed in the 
arts, and in laboratories for the purpose of obtaining 
chlorine and oxygen, m. glycerophosphate, MnP04- 
C3H5(OH)2+H20, used in neurasthenia. Dose 2 gr. 
(0.13 Gm.) 3 times daily, m. hypophosphite (man- 
gani hypophosphis, U. S. P.), Mn(H2P02)2+H 2 0. 
Dose 10-20 gr. (0.65-1.3 Gm.). m. lactate, Mn- 
(C3H5O3) +3H2O, tonic. Dose 1-5 gr. (0.065-0.32 
Gm.). m. oleate, Mn(Ci8H3302)2, used in chlorosis 
and anemia, m. oxalate, MnC204+2H20, a desic- 
cant. m. peptonate, is used as a tonic in anemia and 
chlorosis. Dose 20-60 gr. (1.3-4.0 Gm.). m. sac- 
charate, used as a tonic in anemia, m. salicylate, 
Mn(CvH503)2, tonic, alterative, and antirheumatic. 
Dose 2-10 gr. (0.13-0.65 Gm.). m. sulphate (man- 
gani sulphas, U. S. P.), MnS04+4H20, has been 
used as a substitute for iron in anemia, and as a 
cholagogue. Dose 5-20 gr. (0.32-1.3 Gm.). m. 
sulphite, MnS03, tonic, cholagogue, and antiseptic. 
Dose 5-20 gr. (0.32-1.3 Gm.). m. sulphocarbolate, 
Mn(C6H5S04)2+7H 2 0, tonic and antiseptic. Dose 
3-15 gr. (0.2-1.0 Gm.). 

manganicopotassic (man-gan-ik-o-po-tas'-ik). Con- 
taining manganese as a bivalent radical and potas- 
sium. 

manganization (man-gan-iz-a' -shun) [p.6.yyavov, phil- 
ter]. Adulteration of drugs. 

mangasol (man'-gas-ol). Magnesium chlorphenol- 
sulphonate, used as an antiseptic powder. Dose, 
10-20 gr. (0.6-1.2 gm.). 

mange (manj) [Fr., manger, to eat], A parasitic 
skin disease of horses, cattle, and dogs, resembling 
scabies, and due to various species of acarus. 

mango (man'-go) [PI., manga, mango]. The fruit 
of Mangifera indica; the seeds are said to be anthel- 
mintic; and the bark is said to be astringent and 
tonic to the mucous membranes. 

mangosteen (man' -go-sten) [Pg., manga, mango], 
C10H22O5. A crystalline, bitter principle found in the 
pericarp of Garcinia mangostana. 

mania (ma'-ne-ah) [pavla, madness]. A form of 
insanity marked by great mental and emotional 
excitement, by hallucinations, delusions, physical 
excitement, and often a tendency to violence, m., 



alcoholic, acute mania of alcoholic origin. It differs 
from delirium tremens, although the term is some- 
times used synonymously with it. m. a potu. See 
delirium tremens, m., Bell's, an acute delirium 
running a rapidly fatal course, with slight fever, and 
in which postmortem no lesions are found sufficient 
to account for the symptoms. There are the wild- 
est hallucinations, insomnia, and intense excitement, 
followed by a condition called typhomania, with 
elevation of temperature, dry tongue, and rapid, 
feeble pulse, m., dancing, an epidemic of choreic 
or convulsive movements, m., epileptic, a maniacal 
outburst in an epileptic, often associated with a 
destructive tendency, m., paroxysmal, a par- 
oxysmal neurosis in which the attacks take the form 
of transitory mania, m., puerperal, a form of mania 
or abnormal mental action sometimes following 
childbirth, m., religious, mania in which the central 
idea is religious in character, or in which a powerful 
religious emotion has been the exciting cause, m., 
transitory, frenzied attacks of short duration. 

maniac (ma'-ne-ak) [mania]. An insane person; 
one affected with mania. 

manic (man'-ik). Pertaining to mania, m. de- 
pressive insanity, cyclothymia; see insanity, circular. 

manicure (man'-ik-ur) [manus, the hand; cura r 
care]. 1. The processes employed in caring for and 
beautifying the hand. 2. One who professionally 
attends to the care of the hands and nails. 

manigraph (man'-ig-raf) [pavia, mania; ypaiptiv, 
to write]. An alienist; one who is an expert in 
insanity. 

manigraphy (man-ig'-ra-fe) [navla, madness; ypa<pij, 
writing]. A treatise on, or the science of, insanity. 

Manihot (man'-e-hot) [L.]. A genus of euphorbi- 
aceous plants, yielding cassava and tapioca. 

manikin (man'-ik-in) [OF., manequin, a puppet]. 
A model of the body, made of plaster, papier-mache, 
or other material, and showing, by means of movable 
parts, the relations of the organs. 

maniluvium (man-il-oo'-ve-um) [ manus, hand; 
lavare, to wash]. A hand-bath; a wash or lotion for 
the hands. 

manioc (man'-e-ok) [Sp., mandioca]. The cassava- 
plant or its product, tapioca. See manihot. 

maniple (man'-ip-l) [manipulus, from manus r 
hand]. A handful, or pugil. 

manipulation (man-ip-u-la'-shun) [see maniple]. 
A handling; the use of the hands for the purpose of 
performing some work in a skilful manner, such as 
reducing a dislocation, returning a hernia into its 
cavity, or changing the position of a fetus. 

manipulus (man-ip'-u-lus). See maniple. 

Mann's sign. Diminished resistance of the scalp 
to the galvanic current in traumatic neuroses. 

Mann's sign [John Dixon Mann, English physi- 
cian, 1840-1912]. A disturbance of the normal 
balance of the muscles in the two orbits so that one 
eye appears to be on a lower level than the other; 
it is seen in exophthalmic goiter and other affections 
characterized by tachycardia. 

manna (man'-ah) [uawa, manna]. The concrete, 
saccharine exudation of the flowering ash, Fraxinus 
ornus, and other trees. Manna contains a sweet 
principle, mannite or mannitol, C6H14O6, a sugar, a 
purgative principle, and a mucilage. Some speci- 
mens contain also a glucoside, fraxin. Manna is a 
mild laxative. Dose 1-2 oz. (32-64 Cc). 

Mannaberg's sign (mah'-nah-bairg). Accentuation 
of the second pulmonic sound of the heart is fre- 
quently found in abdominal disease, especially in 
appendicitis. 

Manning's exanthem. A septicemic exanthem 
occurring as a grave complication of scarlatina and 
diphtheria. 

mannitan (man'-it-an) [jiawa, manna], C6H12O5. 
A sweet, syrupy substance produced by the action of 
sulphuric acid on mannite. m. diacetate, a compound 
of mannitan and acetic acid. Syn., acetite. 

mannite (man' -it). See manna and mannitol. 

mannitol (man'-it-ol). See under manna, m. 
hexanitrate, a vasodilator, m. pentanitrate, a body 
resulting from action of pyridine on mannitol, hexa- 
nitrate. It reduces blood-pressure. 

mannitose (man'-it-os) [fiavva, manna], C6H12O6. 
An amorphous substance, isomeric with levulose, 
but optically inactive, obtained from mannite by 
oxidation. 

Mannkopff' s sign, M.-Rumpf's sign [Emil Wilhelm 
Mannkopff, German physician, 1836- ]. Ac- 



MANNOSE 



535 



MARITONUCLEUS 



celeration of the pulse on pressure over painful points 
in traumatic neuroses. 

mannose (man'-os) [manna], C6H12O6. The alde- 
hyde of mannitol. It exists in three forms, dextro- 
mannose, levo-mannose, and inactive mannose. 

manol (man'-ol). A proprietary remedy for whoop- 
ing-cough said to consist of cane-sugar, phenol, oil of 
anise, alcohol, and water. Syn., Succus anisi ozo- 
natus. 

manola (man-o'-lah) . Trade name of a preparation 
of cod-liver oil, alcohol, coca, quinine, phosphates 
and other substances. 

manolymph (man'-o-limf) [pav6s, rare, single or 
separate; lympha, lymph]. Warthin's term for 
certain hemolymph glands. See gland, hemolymph. 

manometer (man-om'-et-er) [p.av6s, rare; nerpov, a 
measure]. An instrument for measuring the tension 
of liquids and gases, consisting either of a bent 
tube filled with mercury (mercurial manometer), or 
of a spring (spring manometer), connected with a 
writing-style ; 

manometric (man-o-met'-rik) [manometer]. Per- 
taining to a manometer; pertaining to tracings ob- 
tained by means of a manometer, m. flames, flames 
of different heights and characters seen in a rotating 
mirror and due to the reflection of a pulsating gas- 
flame when the supplying gas is set in motion by 
sound-waves. Syn., Koenig's flames. 

manoscope (man'-o-skop) [p.a.v6s, thin; aico-reiv, 
to view]. An instrument for determining the density 
of air. 

mansa (man'-sah). The rhizome of Houttuynia 
calif ornica; it is used in malaria and dysentery. 

mantle (man'-tl). That portion of the brain sub- 
stance including the convolutions, corpus callosum, 
and fornix; also called brain mantle, and pallium. 

manual (man'-u-al) [manus]. Pertaining to the 
hands; performed by the hands. 

manubrial (man-u'-bre-al). Pertaining to a manu- 
brium. 

manubriate (man-u'-bre-at) [manubrium]. Fur- 
nished with a handle or handle-shaped process. 

manubrium (man-u'-bre-um) [L.]. 1. A handle. 
2. The first or upper piece of the sternum, m. of 
malleus, the handle-shaped process of the malleus 
of the ear. m. manus, the radius, m. of sternum, 
m. sterni. See manubrium (2). 

manuduction (man-u-duk'-shun) [manus, hand; 
ductio, a leading]. The operations performed by the 
hands in surgical and obstetrical practice. 

manus (ma'-nus) [L.]. The hand. m. curta, m. 
distorta, club hand. 

manustupration (man-u-stu-pra'-shun) [manus ; 
stuprare, to ravish]. Masturbation. 

manyplies (men'-ip-hz) [AS., manig, many; plicare, 
to fold]. The third compartment in the stomach 
of ruminants. Syn., omasum; psalterium. 

Manz's glands [Wilhelm Manz, German ophthal- 
mologist, 1833- ]. Utricular glands found in the 
orbital conjunctiva near the margin of the cornea. 

manzanita (man-zan-e'-tah). The Arctostaphylos 
glauca, a Californian plant whose leaves are said to 
be tonic and diuretic. 

M.A.O. Abbreviation for Master of the Art of 
Obstetrics. 

mappy tongue (map'-e tung'). See geographical 
tongue. 

Maragliano's endoglobular degeneration (mah- 
rahl-yah'-no) [Edoardo Maragliano, Italian physi- 
cian, 1840- ]. Vacuole-like areas seen in red 
blood-celis after exposure to the air. These areas are 
probably the result of coagulation necrosis. 

maransis (mar-an'-sis). Synonym of marasmus. 

maranta (mar-an'-tah). See arrowroot. 

marantic (mar-an'-tik) [napaivtiv, to make lean]. 
Pertaining to marasmus, m. clot, a blood-clot pro- 
duced by slowing of the circulation in depressed 
states of the system, m. thrombosis, thrombosis 
due to general malnutrition. 

maraschino (mar-as-ke' -no) [Sp.]. A cordial made 
from marasca cherries. 

marasmatic (mar-az-mat'-ik). Synonym of maras- 
mic. 

marasmic (mar-az'-mik) [marasmus]. Affected 
with marasmus. 

marasmoid (mar -az' -moid) [p.apaapx>s, decay; eldos, 
like]. Resembling or simulating marasmus. 

marasmopyra (mar-az-mop'-ir-ah) [jxapa<rp.6s, wast- 
ing; m>p, fire]. Hectic fever. 

marasmus (mar-az'-mus) [p.apalvtiv, to grow lean]. 



A gradual wasting of the tissues of the body from 
insufficient or imperfect food-supply. There is 
either no organic lesion or gastrointestinal catarrh. 

marc (mark) [Fr., "dregs"]. 1. A by-product in 
the manufacture of wines, consisting of the stems, 
skins, and stones of the grapes. 2. The residue 
remaining after the expression of the oil from certain 
fruits. 

Marchi's bundle, M.'s tract (mar'-tshe) [Vittorio 
Marchi, Italian physician]. See Loewenthal's tract. 

marcid (mar'-sid) [marcidus, marcere, to wither]. 
1. Shrunken; wasted. 2. Accompanied or charac- 
terized by wasting. 

marcor (mar'-kor). See marasmus. 

Marechal test for bile-pigments (mar-a-shaV) 
[Louis Eugene Marechal, French physician]. See 
Smith's reaction. 

mareo (mar'-e-o) [Span.]. Mountain sickness. A 
malady characterized by nausea and violent head- 
ache, occasionally overcoming persons who , ascend 
to high altitudes. 

Marey's law (ma'-re) [Etienne Jules Marey, 
French physiologist, 1830-1004]. A high-tension 
pulse is a slow pulse. 

margarate (mar' -gar -at). The product of margaric 
acid and a base. 

margaric acid (mar-gar '-ik). See acid, margaric. 
m.-acid crystals, needle-shaped crystals consisting 
of compounds of the fatty acid, found in foci of fatty 
degeneration, in the urine, etc. 

margarin (mar'-gar-in) [jiapyapos, the pearl-oyster]. 
1. A margarate of glyceryl, especially glyceryl tri- 
margarate, C3Ho(Ci7H3202)3, found in butter. 2. An 
artificial substitute for butter. See oleomargarin. 
m.-needles, fatty crystals found in putrid bronchitis 
and pulmonary gangrene. 

margaritoma (mar-gar-it-o'-mah) [p,dpyapos, the 
pearl-oyster; 6p.a, a tumor]. Virchow's term for a 
true primary cholesteatoma-formation in the auditory 
canal. 

margarone (mar'-ga-ron). See palmitone. 

Margaropus annulatus (mar-gar-o'-pus an-nu-la'- 
tus). A. cattle tick which spreads the Babesia 
bigeminum, the cause of Texas fever in cattle. 

marginal (mar'-jin-al) [mar go, margin]. Pertaining 
to the margin or border, m. convolution. See 
convolution, marginal. 

marginoplasty (mar-jin-o-plas'-te) [mar go, margin; 
irkaaaeiv, to shape]. Plastic surgery of the marginal 
portion of the eyelid. 

margo (mar' -go) [L., pi., margines]. A margin, 
edge, or border. 

Marie's disease (mar-ee') [Pierre Marie, French 
physician, 1853- ]• 1. Akromegaly. 2. Hered- 
itary cerebellar ataxia. 3. Hypertrophic pulmonary 
osteoarthropathy. 4. Spondylosis rhizomelica; an- 
kylosis of the spinal column and of the coxofemoral, 
less frequently also of the scapulohumeral articula- 
tions. The affection is identified with Struempell's 
disease (2). M.'s quadrilateral, a four-sided space 
bounded in front by the anterior limiting sulci of 
the island of Reil, behind by the posterior limiting 
sulci of the island of Reil, internally by the wall of 
the lateral ventricle, and externally by the surface 
of the island of Reil. M.'s symptom, tremor of the 
extremities or the whole body in exophthalmic 
goiter. 

Marie-Kahler's symptom. See Marie's symptom. 

Marie-Robinson's syndrome. A variety of dia- 
betes with melancholia, insomnia, impotence, and the 
presence in the urine of a levulose that disappears 
rapidly on the suppression of carbohydrates. 

Marie Struempell disease. See Marie's disease (4). 

marigold (mar '-ig- old). See calendula. 

Mariotte's blind spot (mar-e-of) [Edme Mariotte, 
French physicist, 1620-1684]. The optic papilla. 
M.'s experiment, to demonstrate the existence of 
the blind spot a sheet of paper, on which a cross and 
a circular spot are marked, is held a short distance 
in front of the eyes, the left eye being directed steadily 
on the cross while the right eye is closed. On 
moving the paper away slowly a point will be reached 
where the spot is no longer visible, but it reappears 
when the distance is increased. M.'s law. See 
Boyle's law. 

mariscous (mar-is' -kus) [marisca, hemorrhoid]. 
Pertaining to hemorrhoids. 

maritonucleus (mar-it-o-nu'-kle-us) [maritus, mar- 
ried; nucleus, a little nut]. The nucleus of an ovum 
after fecundation. 



MARJOLIN'S ULCER 



536 



MASSAGE 



Marjolin's ulcer (mar-zjo-lan') [Rene Marjolin, 
French physician, 1812-1895]. A slowly progressive, 
malignant ulcer with peculiar, wart-like growths 
commencing on a cicatrix. 

marjoram {mar' -jo-ram). See origanum. 

mark. Birth-mark, or mother's mark; nevus. 
m., portwine. See nevus. 

markasol (mar'-kas-ol). Bismuth borophenate, 
used as a substitute for iodoform. 

marl. A mixture of clay, sand, and amorphous 
calcium carbonate. 

Marmorek's serum (mar'-mo-rek) [Alexander 
Marmorek, Austrian physician, 1865- ]. A 
polyvalent serum obtained by the inoculation of 
animals with streptococci of various origin. 

marmorekin (mar-mor'-e-kin). r. Streptococcus 
antitoxin. 2. Marmorek's serum. 

Marochetti's vesicles. Small vesicles sometimes 
seen on the under surface of the tongue in cases of 
rabies. 

marrol (mar' -61). A dietetic said to contain ox- 
marrow and extract of hops and of malt. 

marrow (mar'-o) [AS., mearh]. The fatty sub- 
stance contained in the medullary canal of long bones 
and in the interstices of cancellous bone. In early life 
the marrow of all bones is red (red marrow) , but later 
that within the shafts of long bones assumes a light 
color (yellow marrow). Red marrow is composed of 
a delicate reticulum of connective tissue containing 
blood-vessels, large connective-tissue cells, some of 
which in growing bone become osteoplasts (marrow- 
cells), giant-cells (myeloplaxes) , and red corpuscles in 
various stages of formation. In yellow marrow most 
of the cells have been transformed into fat-cells. 
The function of bone-marrow is probably the forma- 
tion of red corpuscles. In certain forms of anemia 
the marrow undergoes profound changes; .that of the 
shafts of the long bones may return to its embryonic 
condition. Bone-marrow has been used in the 
treatment of pernicious anemia, m.-space, a cavity 
in the cancellous tissue of bone, containing marrow. 
m., spinal, the spinal cord. 

marrubiin (mar-oo 1 '-be-in) [marrubium, horehound]. 
The crystalline, neutral, bitter substance found in 
horehound. 

marrubin (mar-oo' -bin). A glycerin extract of 
red bone marrow. 

marrubium (mar-oo' -be-um) [L.]. Hoarhound. 
The marrubium of the U. S. P. is the dried leaves 
and tops of M. vulgar e, of the order Labiates. It 
contains a volatile oil, a bitter principle, marrubiin, 
tannin, resin, and lignin. At present hoarhound is 
mainly employed in the form of candy or syrup in 
catarrhal affections of the respiratory tract. 

Marsden's mucilage or paste (marz'-den) [Alex- 
ander Edwin Marsden, English surgeon, 1832-1902]. 
A caustic paste consisting of one part of white arsenic 
to two of gum arabic; formerly used in the treat- 
ment of cancer. 

Marsh's disease [Sir Henry Marsh, Irish physician, 
1 790-1 860]. Exophthalmic goiter. 

Marsh's test for arsenic [James Marsh, English 
chemist, 1794-1846]. Introduce the substance into 
a flask with dilute sulphuric acid and zinc. Light 
a jet, and permit it to impinge on cold porcelain, or 
heat the delivery-tube, when a steel-white mirror 
of metallic arsenic is deposited. This may be dis- 
tinguished from a similar deposit of antimony by the 
solubility of the arsenical mirror in potassium 
hypochlorite. 

Marshall's oblique vein (mar'-shal) [Andrew 
Marshall, Scotch anatomist, 1742-1813]. A partially 
obliterated vein that passes along the posterior aspect 
of the left auricle and opens into the coronary sinus 
near its termination. M.'s vestigial fold, a fold of 
the pericardium extending from the left branch of the 
pulmonary artery to the left superior pulmonary 
vein. It contains a fibrous cord that represents the 
lower part of the left superior vena cava, a vessel 
commonly found in mammals, but rarely in man. 

Marshall-Hall's disease. See Hall's disease. 

marsh-fever. See malarial fever. 
marsh-gas. See methane. 
marshmallow. See althea. 

marsitriol (mar-sit'-re-ol). A proprietary prepara- 
tion of iron (ferrum glyceroarsenate]. Dose f gr. 
(0.01 Gm.). 

marsupia patellaria (mar-sic' -pe-ah pat-el-a'-re-ah). 
The alar ligaments of the knee-joint. 

marsupialization (mar-su-pe-al-i-za' -shun) [nap<n- 



ttos, a pouch]. The operation, recommended in 
certain cases of ovarian tumor, of raising the borders 
of the evacuated tumor-sac to the edges of the ab- 
dominal wound and stitching them there so as to 
form a pouch. 

marsyle (mar'-sil-e). A commercial name for iron 
cacodylate. 

Martegiani's area (mar-te-zje-ah'-ne). The slight 
widening of the hyaloid canal at its beginning in 
front of the optic disc. 

martial (mar'-shal) [mars, iron]. Containing iron. 
. Martin's bandages (mar'-tin) [Henry Austin 
Martin, American surgeon, 1824-1884]. Rubber 
bandages, from 5 to 21 feet in length, used for making 
compression of a limb for the cure of ulcers, varicose 
veins, etc. M.'s depilatory, calcium sulphhydrate. 
M.'s hemostatic, surgeons' agaric impregnated with 
ferric chloride. 

Martinotti's cells (mar-tin-ot'-e) [Giovanni Mar- 
tinotii, Italian physician]. Ganglion-cells of the 
cerebral cortex, giving off a short axis-cylinder 
process at right angles to the surface. 

martol (mar'-tol). A semifluid extract obtained 
from the shells of cacao-bean, consisting of carbo- 
hydrates, phosphates, iron tannate, etc. 

Maruta (ma-roo'-tah) [L.]. A genus of herbs of 
the order Composites. M. cotula, may-weed, or dog's- 
fennel, is used as a substitute for camomile. 

maschaladenitis (mas-kal-ad-en-i'-tis) [/xaaxaKv. 
axilla; &8r]p, gland; ins, inflammation]. Inflamma- 
tion of the glands of the axilla. 

maschale (mas'-kal-e) [p.aaxa\-n, axilla]. Axilla, 
armpit. 

maschaleous (mas-kal'-e-us) [paaxoXr], axilla]. 
Pertaining to the axilla. 

maschale phidrosis (mas-kal-ef-id-ro'-sis) [fiaax^Vt 
armpit; i<pidpcocns, sweating]. Sweating in the axillae. 

maschaliatria (mas-kal-e-a'-tre-ah) [juao-xaXij, axilla; 
larpeia, treatment]. Treatment by inunctions in 
the axilla. 

maschalister (mas-kaV -is-ier) [/tao-xaXio-rifa, girth, 
girdle]. The second cervical vertebra, the axis. 

maschaloncus (mas-kal-ong'-kus) [paaxa^V, axilla; 
ojkos, tumor]. _ An axillary tumor. 

maschalyperidrosis (mas-kal-ip-er-id-ro'-sis) [p,aa- 
xaX?7, axilla; vwep, over; tdpwa-is, sweating]. Excessive 
sweating in the armpits. 

(von) Maschke's reaction for creatinin (mash'-keh). 
Add a few drops of Fehling's solution to the creatinin 
dissolved in a cold saturated solution of sodium 
carbonate. An amorphous, flocculent precipitate is 
formed in the cold, but better on warming to 50° to 
6o°C. 

masculine, masculous (mas'-ku-lin, mas'-ku-lus) 
[dim, of mas, a male]. Of the male sex. 

masculonucleus (mas-ku-lo-nil'-kle-us). The male 
pronucleus. 

mask [Fr., masque, a mask]. 1. A bandage 
applied to the face in case of erysipelas, burns or 
scalds, eczema, etc. 2. Synonym of chloasma. 

masked (maskt) [mask]. Covered with a mask; 
concealed, m. disease, one that is concealed by 
concomitant symptoms. 

masochism (mas' -o-kizm) [Leopold von Sacher- 
Masoch, an Austrian writer]. Sexual perversion in 
which the pervert takes delight in being subjected 
to degrading, humiliating, or cruel acts on the 
part of his or her associate. 

masochist (mas'-o-kist). One addicted to maso- 
chism. 

masrium (maz'-re-um) [Arab, masr, Egypt]. A 
metal described as a new element, found in Egypt in 
a mineral first called "Johnsonite," but later masrite. 

mass, massa (mas, mas'-ah) [massa, a mass]. 
1. An aggregation of particles of matter. 2. A 
cohesive substance that can be made into pills, m. 
action, chemical action as determined by the masses 
of the respective substances interacting, m. action, 
law of, chemical action is determined by the respective 
amounts of the substances acting in unit-volume, or 
by the degree of the concentrations present, m., 
blue- (massa hydrargyri, U. S. P.). See mercury 
mass, m., copaiba, copaiba, 6 parts, mixed with 
magnesia, 94 parts, and water; diuretic and stimulant. 
Dose 10-30 gr. (0.65-2.0 Gm.). m., Vallet's (massa 
jerri carbonatis, U. S. P.), mass of ferrous carbonate. 

massage (mas-ahzj), massaging [Fr., from ixa<r<reiv, 
to knead]. A method of rubbing, kneading, or 
stroking of the superficial parts of the body by the 
hand or an instrument, for the purpose of modifying 



MASSALIS 



537 



MATERNAL 



nutrition, restoring power of movement, breaking 
up adhesions, etc. m., cannon-ball, the rolling of a 
three-pound to five-pound cannon-ball covered 
smoothly with chamois skin or flannel over the 
course of the colon, m., electrovibratory, that per- 
formed by means of an electric vibrator, m., thermic, 
stroking or pressing an affected part with a heated 
object, m., vapor, treatment of a cavity by inter- 
mittent forcing of a medicated vapor into it. m., 
vibratory, light, rapid percussion either by hand or 
by an electric apparatus. 

massalis (mas-a'-lis) [mass]. Mercury. 

massesis (mas-e'-sis) . Synonym of mastication. 

masseter (mas'-e-ter) [paarjTrip, chewer]. One of 
the muscles of mastication. See muscle. 

masseteric (mas-et-er'-ik) [masseter]. Pertaining 
to the masseter muscle. 

masseur (mas-ur') [Ft.]. A man who practises 
massage. Fern., masseuse. 

masseuse (mas-ur z') [Fr.]. A woman who 
practises massage. 

massicot (mas'-ik-ot) [Fr.], PbO. Lead oxide; 
litharge. 

massive (mas'-iv). Heavy, m. pneumonia, pneu- 
monia with absolute filling of the air-cells and bronchi 
with exudate. 

massol (mas'-ol). The bark of Massoia aromatica; 
it is used in colic, diarrhea, and spasms. 

massotherapy (mas-o-ther'-ap-e) [massage; depawela, 
therapy]. Treatment by massage. 

mastaden (mas' -ta-den) [jjkhttos, breast; ah-qv, 
gland]. The mammary gland. 

mastadenitis (mas-tad-en-i'-tis) [naaros, breast; 
abi)v, gland; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of 
the mammary gland. 

mastalgia (mas-tal'-je-ah) [fiaaros, breast; aXyos, 
pain]. Pain in the breast. 

mastatrophia (mast-at-ro' -fe-ah) [jxacrrbs, breast; 
irpoipLa, atrophy]. Atrophy of the breast. 

mastauxe (mas-tawks' -e) [fiao-rfc, breast; av^t), 
growth]. Increase in size, or excessive size, of the 
breast. 

mast-cells. See cells, mast-. 

mastecchymosis (mas-tek-im-o'-sis) [fj-aaros, breast; 
ecchymosis]. Ecchymosis of the breast. 

mastelcosis (mast-el-ko'-sis) [fiao-ros, breast; IX/cowns, 
ulceration]. Synonym of masthelcosis. 

masthelcosis (mas-thel-ko'-sis) [paa-ros, breast; 
eXxwo-is, ulceration]. Ulceration of the breast. 

mastic, mastiche (mas'-tik, mas'-tik-e) [p.aa-Ttxv , 
mastic]. The resin flowing from the incised bark of 
the Pistacia lentiscus, a tree of the Terebinthacece. 
It is used as a styptic, as a filling for teeth, and as a 
microscopic varnish. 

mastication (mas-tik-a'-shun) [masticare, to chew]. 
The act of chewing. 

masticatory (mas'-tik-a-to-re) [mastication]. 1. Per- 
taining to mastication or to the muscles of mastica- 
tion. 2. A remedy to be chewed but not swallowed, 
used for its local action on the mouth, m. spasm, 
spasm of the muscles of mastication; trismus. 

mastiche (mas'-ti-ke). See mastic. 

Mastigophora (mas-tig-of'-o-rah) [poo-Tig, whip; 
<t>kpeiv, to bear]. A class of protozoa with flagella. 

mastigophorous (mas-tig-off '-o-rus) [naariyovopos, 
bearing a whip]. Flagellate, as certain infusoria or 
zoospores. 

mastigosis (mas-tig-o'-sis) [piaa-Tiyow, to whip]. 
Flagellation as a therapeutic measure. 

mastitis (mas-ti'-tis) [naards, breast; ms, inflamma- 
tion]. Inflammation of the breast, m.,' interstitial, 
inflammation of the connective tissue of the breast. 
m., parenchymatous, inflammation of the proper 
glandular substance of the breast. 

masto- (mas-to-) [tiwurbs, breast]. A prefix signi- 
fying relating to the breast. 

mastocarcinoma (mas-to-kar-sin-o'-mah) . Mam- 
mary carcinoma. 

mastochondroma (mas-to-kon-dro'-mah) [masto- ; 
xovSpos, cartilage]. A cartilaginous tumor of the 
breast. 

mastodealgia (mas-to-de-al'-je-ah) [fiaaruSris, mas- 
toid; a\yos, pain]. > Pain in the mastoid process. 

mastodeocentesis (mas-to-de-o-sen-te'-sis) [uaar- 
Io>5tis, mastoid; KkvTi)<rvs, a thrust]. Surgical perfora- 
tion of the mastoid process. 

mastodynia (mas-to-din' -e-ah) [masto-; 65vvrj, pain]. 
Pain in the breast. 

mastoid (mas'-toid) [masto-; eZSos, like]. 1. Nipple- 
shaped, as the mastoid process of the temporal bone. 



2. The mastoid process. 3- Pertaining to the 
mastoid process, as mastoid foramen, mastoid opera- 
tion, m. abscess, an abscess of the mastoid cells. 
m. antrum, a cavity in the mastoid portion of the 
temporal bone. m. bone. See mastoid process. 
m. cells, the hollow air-spaces in the mastoid process 
communicating with the middle ear. m. disease, 
inflammation of the mastoid cells; mastoiditis, m. 
foramen. See foramen, mastoid. m. operation, 
paracentesis or eradication of the mastoid cells. 
m. portion, the lower posterior portion of the mastoid 
bone. m. process, the protruding part of the tem- 
poral bone felt behind the ear. m. sinus, the mastoid 
cells. 

mastoidal, mastoideal, mastoidean (mas-toi'-dal, 
mas-toi-de'-al, mas-toi-de' -an) [masto-; elSos, like]. 
Pertaining to the mastoid process. 

mastoidealgia (mas-toi-de-al'-je-ah) [masto-; SXyos, 
pain]. Synonym of mastodealgia. 

mastoidectomy (mas-toi-dek' -to-me) [mastoid; bc- 
TOfir], excision]. Excision of the mastoid cells. 

mastoideocentesis (mas-toi-de-o-sen-te'-sis) [mas- 
toid; Kevr-qa-is, a thrust]. Surgical perforation of the 
mastoid process. 

mastoiditis (mas-toid-i'-tis) [mastoid; ins, inflam 
mation]. Inflammation of the mastoid cells, m. 
Bezold's. See Bezold's mastoiditis. 

mastoidotomy (mas-toid-ot'-o-me) [mastoid; rkuveiv 
to cut]. Incision of the mastoid cells to relieve 
suppurative mastoiditis. 

mastologist (mas-tol'-o-jist). A specialist in dis 
eases of the mammary apparatus. 

mastology (mas-tol'-o-je) [masto-; \6yos, treatise] 
A treatise on the mammary apparatus, its anatomy 
and diseases.^ 

mastomenia (mas-to-me'-ne-ah) [masto-; nfy, 
month]. Vicarious menstruation from the breast. 

mastoncus (mas-ton' -kus) [masto-; 07*05, tumor] 
Any tumor of the mammary gland or nipple. 

mastooccipital (mas-to-ok-sip'-it-al) [mastoid; occi- 
put]. Pertaining to the mastoid process and the 
occipital bone. 

mastoparietal (mas-to-par-i' -et-aV) [mastoid; paries, 
wall]. Pertaining to the mastoid process and the 
parietal bone. 

mastopathy (mas-top' -ath-e) [masto-; -waBos, disease] 
Any disease or pain of the mammary apparatus. 

mastopexy (mas' -to-peks-e) [masto-; irij^Ls, a fixing] 

Surgical fixation of a pendulous breast. 

mastorrhagia (mas-tor-a'-je-ah) [masto-; fayvwcu 
to break forth]. Hemorrhage from the breast. 

mastoscirrhus (mas-to-skir'-us) [masto-; aiclppos 
hard]. A hard cancer of the breast. 

mastosis (mas-to'-sis) {jxaa-ros, breast]. Enlarge- 
ment of the breast. 

mastospargosis (mas-to-spar-go' -sis) [masto-; airdp- 
yoitris, swelling]. Enlargement or swelling of a breast, 
especially that due to excess of milk. 

mastosyrinx (mas-to-si' -rinks) [masto-; avpiyi-, 
pipe]. A mammary fistula. 

mastotomy (mas-tot'-o-me) [masto-; rkfiveiv, to 
cut]. Incision of a breast. 

mastous (mas'-tus) \jjlo.<tt6s, breast]. Having large 
breasts. 

masturbation (mas-ter-ba'-shun) [masturbari, to 
pollute one's self]. Production of the venereal or- 
gasm by friction of the genitals. 

mastzellen (mast-tsel-en) . See cells, mast. 

Matas' band (mat'-as) [Rudolph Malas, American 
surgeon, i860- ]. An appliance for occluding 
blood-vessels while the condition of the collateral 
circulation is being tested. M.'s operation. For 
the radical cure of aneurysm: consists in arrest of the 
circulation in the sac, opening, evacuating, and 
cleansing the sac, and closing the openings by con- 
tinuous fine sutures; endoaneurysmorrhaphy. 

mate (mah'-ta) [Sp., mate, a vessel]. The leaves of 
Ilex Paraguay ensis, used in South America as a 
substitute for tea and coffee. Its properties are due 
to thein. Syn., Paraguay tea. 

materia medica (mat-e'-re-ah med'-ik-ah) [L., 
"medical matter"]. The science that treats of the 
sources and preparations of the drugs and agents 
used in medicine.^ 

materies morbi (mat-e'-re-ez mor'-bi) [L., "matter 
of disease"]. The material that is the cause of a 
disease. 

maternal (ma-ter'-nal) [mater, mother]. Pertaining 
to the mother, m. impressions. See impressions, 
maternal. 



MATERNITY 



538 



MAZOLYTIC 



maternity (ma-ter'-nit-e) [see maternal], i. Mother- 
hood. _ 2. A lying-in hospital. 

matico (mat-e'-ko) [Sp.]. The leaves of Piper 
angustifolium, of the order Piperaceee. It is aromatic 
and stimulant, and has been used as a local and 
general hemostatic and as an alterative stimulant 
to mucous membranes. Dose 60 gr. (4 Gm.). m., 
fluidextract of (fluidextr actum matico, U. S. P.). 
Dose §-1 dr. (2-4 Cc). m., tincture of. Dose 
1 dr. (4 Cc). 

matlazahuatl (mat-lahz-ah-what'-l) [Aztec word]. 
A form of typhus fever found in Mexico; tabardillo. 

matrass (mat' -r as) [Fr., matras, a chemical vessel]. 
A glass vessel with a long neck and a round body 
used in various chemical manipulations. 

matricaria (mat-rik-a'-re-ah) [matrix]. German 
chamomile; the flower- tops of M. chamomilla, of the 
order Composites. Matricaria contains a volatile 
oil and a bitter extractive principle, and is a mild 
tonic, and in large doses emetic and antispasmodic. 

matriculate (mat-rik'-u-lat) [matricula, a register]. 
To receive admission and to enroll one's self as a 
member of a college or university. 

matrix (ma'-triks) [L., "a mold in which any- 
thing is cast"]. 1. A mold; the cavity in which 
anything is formed. 2. That part of tissue into 
which any organ or process is set, as the matrix of a 
tooth or of a nail. 3. The intercellular substance 
of a tissue, as of cartilage. 4. The uterus. 

matrixitis (ma-triks-i'-tis). Same as onychia. 

matter (mat'-er) [materia, matter]. 1. Physical 
substance. 2. Pus. 

mattoid (mat'-oid) [mattus, drunk, stupid; eldos, 
like]. A person half-crazed; a crank, or paranoiac. 

matula (mat'-u-lah) [L.]. A urinal. 

maturate (mat'-u-rat) [mature]. To suppurate. 

maturation (mat-u-ra' -shun) [mature]. Ripening, 
as the ripening ofthe ovum or of a cataract. 

mature (ma-tur') [maturare, to ripen]. 1. To 
ripen. 2. Ripe. 

maturity (ma-tu'-rit-e) [maturitas; maturare, to 
ripen]. Full development; the quality or period of 
complete growth. 

matutinal (ma-tu'-tin-al) [Matuta, goddess of the 
morning]. Occurring in the morning, as matutinal 
nausea. 

matzol (mat'-zol). A mixture of cod-liver oil, so 
parts; matzoon, 45 parts; emulsifying ingredients, 
5 parts. 

matzoon (mat'-zoon). Milk fermented with a 
peculiar ferment obtained from Asiatic Turkey. It 
is used like kumiss in irritated states of the gastro- 
intestinal tract. 

Mauchart's ligaments (mow'-shar) [Burkhard 
David Mauchart, German anatomist, 1696-1751]. 
The lateral or alar odontoid ligaments. 

Maumene's test for sugar (mom-na') [Edme Jules 
Maumene, French chemist, 1818- ]. A strip of 
flannel saturated with a 33 i % solution of stannous 
chloride is dipped into the liquid; on heating it to 
nearly 150° C. it will turn brownish-black. 

Maunoir's hydrocele (mo-nwar') [Jean Pierre 
Maunoir, French , surgeon, 1768-1861]. A cystic 
tumor occurring in the neck between the angle of the 
inferior maxilla and the mastoid process. Syn., 
hydrocele colli. 

Maurer's dots or clefts (mow'-rer). Large irregu- 
lar formations, of uncertain significance, found in the 
red blood corpuscles in subtertian malaria. 

Mauriceau's lance (mo-ris-o') [Francois Mauriceau, 
French obstetrician, 1637-1709]. An instrument for 
perforating the fetal head in craniotomy. 

Mauthner's sheath (mowt'-ner) [Ludwig Mauthner, 
Austrian physician, 1 840-1 894]. The thin, longi- 
tudinally striated, protoplasmic layer surrounding 
the axis-cylinder of a nerve-fiber. M.'s test for 
color vision, 33 small bottles filled with different 
pigments — some with one, others with two (pseudo 
isochromatic and anisochromatic) , pigments — are 
employed in the manner of Holmgren's worsteds. 

mauvein (maw'-ve-in) [Fr., mauve, mallow], 
C25H24N4. A base derived from anilin. 

maxilla (maks-il'-ah) [L. ; pi., maxilla]. 1. The 
bone of the upper or lower jaw. 2. Specifically, the 
upper jaw-bone. . 

maxillary (maks'-il-a-re) [maxilla]. Pertaining to 
the maxillae or jaws. m. bones, the bones of the 
jaws, consisting of the lower and upper jaw. m. 
fissure, the cleft in the upper maxilla for the maxillary 
process of the palate bone. m. nerve, inferior. See 



under nerve, m. nerve, superior. See under nerve. 
m. sinus, the antrum of Highmore in the superior 
maxilla. 

maxillate (maks'-il-at). Furnished with jaws. 

maxillen (maks'-il-en) [maxilla, jaw-bone]. Be- 
longing to the maxillary bone in itself. 

maxilliferous (maks-il-if'-er-us). See maxillate. 

maxillitis (maks-il-i'-tis) [maxilla, jaw; ltls, in- 
flammation]. 1. Inflammation of a maxilla. 2. In- 
flammation of a maxillary gland. 

maxillodental (maks-il-o-den'-tal). Pertaining to 
the jaw and the teeth. 

maxillojugal (maks-il-o-joo'-gal). Pertaining to the 
maxilla and the zygoma. 

maxillomandibular (maks-il-o-man-dib'-u-lar). Per- 
taining to the upper jaw and the lower jaw. 

maxillomuscular (maks-il-o-mus'-ku-lar). Relating 
to the maxillary muscles. 

maxillopalatine (maks-il-o-pal'-at-in). Pertaining 
to the maxilla and the palatine bone. 

maxillopharyngeal (maks-il-o-far-in'-je-al) . Per- 
taining to the jaw and the pharynx. 

maxillosuprafacial (maks-il-o-su-prah-fa'-shal). Re- 
lating to the maxilla and the upper portion of the 
face. 

maxilloturbinal (maks-il-o-tur'-bin-al). Pertaining 
to the maxilloturbinal bone. m.-t. bone, the inferior 
turbinate bone. 

maximal (maks'-im-al) [maximum]. Pertaining to 
the maximum; highest; largest, m. thermometer, 
one registering the highest point reached by the 
temperature. 

maximum (maks'-im-um) [L., neuter of maximus, 
the greatest]. The greatest or highest degree or 
amount of anything; the highest point attained or 
attainable by anything, m. dose, the largest dose 
of a medicament that may be given safely, m. 
temperature, the temperature above which bacterial 
growth does not occur. 

Maxwell's experiment (maks'-well) [James Clerk 
Maxwell, English physicist, 1831-1879]. On looking 
through a chrome alum solution an oval purplish 
spot, due to the pigment of the macula lutea, is 
seen. 

Maxwell's ring. See Loewe's ring. 

May-apple. See Podophyllum. 

maydis (ma'-dis). See under ustilago. 

Maydl's method (madl) [Karl Maydl, German 
surgeon, 1853-1903]. The transplantation of the 
ureters into the rectum in the treatment of exstrophy 
of the bladder. 

mayhem (ma'-hem) [OF., mehaigner, to hurt]. 
Maiming. 

mayidism (ma'-i-dizm). Pellagra. 

mayidismus (ma-id-iz'-mus). Same as pellagra. 

mayol (ma' -61). A meat-preservative introduced 
by May, of Budapest, and said to be a mixture of 
boric acid, ammonium fluoride, glycerol, and alcohol 
(methyl and ethyl) . 

Mayor's sign of pregnancy (mar). The hearing 
of the fetal heart-sounds. 

Mayo-Robson's point [Arthur William Mayo- 
Robson, English surgeon]. A spot slightly above the 
umbilicus where pressure causes tenderness in cases 
of pancreatic disease. 

mays (maz) [L.]. The genus zea, q. v. 

Maytenus (ma'-ten-us) [Mayten, Chilian name]. 
A genus of shrubs of the order Celastrinece. M. 
boariasis is indigenous to Chili; the leaves are used 
on inflammatory swellings, especially in poisoning 
by species of Rhus. 

maza (ma'-zah) [/xaf a, a cake]. The placenta. 

mazalgia (ma-zaV -ge-ah) [fia^6s r breast; 0X705, 
pain]. Mastalgia, or mastodynia. 

mazalysis (ma-zal'-is-is) [na£a, cake; &, priv.; 
Xwm, a loosing]. Retention of the placenta. Some- 
times used as synonym of mazolysis, q. v. 

mazic (ma'-zik) [na£a, placenta]. Pertaining to 
the placenta. 

mazischesis (ma-zis'-kes-is). Synonym of mazaly- 
sis. 

mazocacothesis (ma-zo-kak-oth' -es-is) [na£a, cake; 
kclkos, ill; Beats, placing]. Faulty implantation of 
the placenta. 

mazodynia (ma-zo-din'-e-ah). See mastodynia. 

mazoitis (ma-zo-i'-tis). See mastitis. 

mazology (ma-zol'-o-je). Same as mastology. 

mazolysis (ma-zol'-is-is) [/i£fa, cake; Awns, loosing]. 
Separation of the placenta. 

mazolytic (ma-zo-lit'-ik). Pertaining to mazolysis. 



MAZOPATHY 



539 



MEDEA 



mazopathy (ma-zop'-ath-e) i. [p.a£a, cake, placenta; 
■waBos, illness]. Any disease of the placenta. 2. 
I/zaf6s, breast; iraffos, illness]. Same as mastopathy. 

mazopexy (ma'-zo-peks-e) [p.a£6s, breast; irrj^s, 
fixation]. Surgical fixation of a pendulous breast; 
mastopexy. 

Mazzoni's corpuscle (mad-zo'-ne) [Vittorio Maz- 
zoni, Italian physician]. A peripheral ending of a 
sensory nerve closely resembling Krause's end-bulb. 

M.B. Abbreviation of Medicines Baccalaureus, 
Bachelor of Medicine. 

M.C. Abbreviation for Magister Chirurgice, Mas- 
ter of Surgery. 

M.C.D. Abbreviation for Doctor of Compara- 
tive Medicine. 

M.Ch. Abbreviation for Magister Chirurgice, 
Master of Surgery. 

M.D. Abbreviation of Medicince Doctor, Doctor of 
Medicine. 

M.D.S. Abbreviation of Master of Dental Surgery. 

meable (me'-a-bl) [meabilis, easily penetrating]. 
Capable of being readily traversed or passed through. 

mead (mid). Dilute, fermented honey or syrup 
flavored. See hydromel and metheglin. 

meadow-saffron. See colchicum. 

measle (mez'-el). An individual Cysticercus cellu- 
losce. m. of pork. See cysticercus. m.-worm, cysti- 
cercus. 

measles (mez'-elz) [Du., maselin, measles]. 1. An 
acute, infectious disease, characterized by a peculiar 
eruption and by catarrhal inflammation of the mu- 
cosa of the conjunctiva and of the air-passages. 
After a period of incubation of nearly two weeks the 
disease begins with a chill, fever, coryza, cough, and 
conjunctivitis; on the third or fourth day a dusky- 
red, papular eruption appears, arranged in the form 
of crescentic groups. After having reached its 
maximum, in three or four days, the eruption gradu- 
ally fades, and is followed by a branny desquamation. 
The disease affects principally the young, is exceed- 
ingly contagious, and one attack of it confers almost 
perpetual immunity. Its cause is thought to be a 
bacillus. 2. A disease of hogs, cattle, and sheep, 
due to the presence in the body of Cysticercus cellu- 
loses and larvae of other tape-worms. 3. The cysti- 
cerci themselves, m., black, m., hemorrhagic, a 
grave variety of measles in which the eruption is 
hemorrhagic and the constitutional symptoms pro- 
found, m., German. See rubella. 

measly (mez'-le) [measles]. Containing measles 
(cysticerci) . 

meat (met) [AS., mete]. The muscular tissues of 
an animal, used as food. ' 

meatal (me-at'-al). Pertaining to a meatus. 

meatometer (me-at-om' -et-er) [meatus, meatus; 
fierpov, measure]. An instrument used in measuring 
the caliber of any meatus, specifically of the meatus 
urinarius. 

meatorrhaphy (me-at-or'-af-e) [meatus; pa<p-q, su- 
ture]. Suture of the cut end of a meatus, generally 
the urinary meatus, after a meatotomy. 

meatoscope (me-at'-o-skop) [meatus, meatus; oxo- 
weiv, to inspect]. A speculum used in the examina- 
tion of a meatus, specifically the distal portion of the 
male urethra. 

meatotome (me-at'-o-tom) [meatus, meatus; ropy, 
a cutting]. A cutting instrument used in performing 
meatotomy. 

meatotomy (me-at-ot'-o-me) [meatus, meatus; 
rofiri, section]. Surgical incision of a meatus, par- 
ticularly the meatus urinarius. 

meatox (met'-oks). Trade name of a preparation 
of beef in powder form. 

meatus (me-a'-tus) [meare, to flow or pass; pi., 
meatus]. An opening or passage, m. auditorius 
externus, the canal extending from the concha to 
the membrana tympani. m. auditorius internus, 
the internal auditory canal, m. nasi communis, 
the part of the nasal cavity into which the three 
meatus of the nose open. m. nasopharyngeus, that 
part of the nasal cavity communicating with the 
pharynx beneath the body of the sphenoid, m. of 
nose, one of the three passages into which the turbinal 
bones divide the nasal cavity, m. urethrae, m. uri- 
narius, the orifice of the urethra. 

Mecca balsam. See balm of Gilead. 

mechanic, mechanical (me-kan'-ik, me-kan' -ik-al) 
\jir)xo.vrt, a machine]. Pertaining to mechanics or 
to physical forces, not to chemical or vital forces. 
m. theory, Virchow's theory of tumor-formation, 



according to which tumors are due primarily to local 
irritation. 

mechanics (me-kan' -iks) [mechanic]. The science 
that treats of the influence and effects of force upon 
matter, and that may be divided into statics, the 
science treating of matter at rest, and dynamics, that 
treating of matter in motion. 

mechanism (mek'-an-izm) [mechanic], 1. An 
aggregation of parts arranged in a mechanical way to 
perform the functions of a machine. 2. The manner 
in which a mechanical act is performed, as the mechan- 
ism of labor. 

mechanotherapy (mek-an-o-ther'-ap-e) [mechanic; 
6epaireia, treatment]. The use of mechanical agencies 
in the treatment of injury or disease. 

meche (mash) [Fr., wick]. A piece of gauze used 
as a surgical tent, or drain. 

mecism (me'-sizm) [pjjicos, length]. A condition 
marked by abnormal prolongation of one or more 
parts of the body. 

Meckel's cartilage (mek'-el) [1. Johann Friedrich 
Meckel, German anatomist, 1717-1774; 2 - Johann 
Friedrich Meckel, German surgeon, 1781-1833]. 
[2]. The axis of the first branchial arch (mandibular 
arch) of the fetus. It disappears during the fifth 
or sixth month, with the exception of its posterior 
(tympanic) portion, which becomes the incus, 
malleus, and Folian process. A vestige of this 
cartilage (pinnal cartilage) is occasionally found 
in tumors of the parotid gland. M.'s cavity. [1]. A 
recess in the dura over the summit of the petrosa for 
the reception of the two roots of the fifth cranial 
nerve after their exit from the pons. Syn., cavum 
Meckelii. M.'s crural arch. [1]. See Poupart's 
ligament. M.'s diverticulum. [1]. The remains of 
the vitelline duct, frequently met as a small elongated 
pouch attached to the lower portion of the ileum. 
M.'s ganglion. [1]. The sphenopalatine ganglion. 
M.'s rod. Same as M.'s cartilage. M.'s space. 
[1]. A dural space lodging the Gasserian ganglion. 

meckelectomy (mek-el-ek' -to-me) [Meckel' s ganglion; 
iKTop.ri, excision]. Excision of Meckel's ganglion. 

mecometer (me-kom' '-et-er) [py-cos, length; pkrpov, 
measure]. An instrument used in measuring new- 
born infants. 

mecon (me'-kon) [L.]. 1. The poppy. 2. Opium. 

meconalgia (me-kon-aV '-je-ah) [mecon; aXyos, pain]. 
Pain or neuralgia following the disuse of opium. 

meconarceine (mek-o-nar'-se-in) [mecon]. A mix- 
ture of alkaloids of opium, free from morphine, 
having sedative properties. Recommended in bron- 
chial affections and neuralgia. Dose £-J gr. (0.01- 
0.03 Gm.). 

meconate (mek'-on-at) [mecon]. A salt of meconic 
acid. 

meconeuropathia (mek-on-u-ro-pa'-the-ah) [m^/cow, 
opium; vevpov, nerve; waBos, illness]. Nervous dis- 
order due to the abuse of opium, or its narcotic 
derivatives. 

meconic (mek-on'-ik). Pertaining to opium, m. 
acid. See acid, meconic. 

meconidine (mek-on' -id-en) [pvkuv, poppy], C21H23- 
NO4. An amorphous alkaloid of opium. 

meconin (mek'-on-in) [mecon], C10H10O4. A crystal- 
line substance that is obtained on boiling narcotine 
with water. It is hypnotic. Dose 1 gr. (0.06 
Gm.). 

meconiorrhea (mek-on-e-or'-e-ah) [p^kwvlov, me- 
conium; poia, flow]. A morbidly free discharge of 
meconium. 

meconium (mek-o'-ne-um) [mecon]. The first fecal 
discharges of the newborn, a dark-green, viscid 
substance, composed of the secretion of the liver 
with exfoliated epithelium from the bowel. 

meconoiosin (mek-on-oi' -o-sin) [pyKUP, poppy], 
CSH10O2. A derivative of opium, crystalline in 
character and giving a dark-red color with sulphuric 
acid. 

meconism (mek'-on-izm) [meconismus; p-qKwv, 
poppy]. The opium-habit; opium-poisoning, especi- 
ally of the chronic kind. 

meconology (mek-on-ol'-o-je) [pyicuv, opium; \6yos, 
science]. The botany and pharmacology of opium, 
its allies and derivatives. 

meconophagism (mek-on-off 1 -aj-izm) [pfiKwv, opium; 
<f>ayelv, to eat]. The habit of opium-eating. 

meconophagist (mek-on-off' -aj-ist) [pvkup, opium; 
<paye~u>, to eat]. An opium-eater. 

medea (me'-de-ah) [M-ndeta, Medea, a sorceress]. 
1. The genital organs. 2. Aphrodisiacs. 



MEDIA 



540 



MEDIODORSAL 



media (me'-de-ah) [fem. of medius, middle]. The 
middle coat of a vein, artery, or lymph-vessel. 

media (me'-de-ah) [L.]. Plural of medium, m., 
transparent, of eye, the cornea, aqueous humor, 
lens, and vitreous humor. 

mediad (me'-de-ad) [median]. Toward the median 
plane or line. 

medial (me'-de-al). i. See median. 2. Internal, 
as opposed to lateral (external). 

median (me'-de-an) [medius, middle]. Situated 
or placed in the middle; mesal or mesial, m. artery. 
See under artery, m. nerve. See under nerve. 

mediastinal (jne-de-as-ti'-nal). Pertaining to the 
mediastinum. ^ 

mediastinitis (me-de-as-tin-i'-tis) [mediastinum ; 
iris, inflammation]. Inflammation of the cellular 
tissue of the mediastinum. 

mediastinopericarditis (me-de-as-tin-o-per-ik-ar-di'- 
tis) [mediastinum; pericarditis]. Combined inflamma- 
tion of the mediastinum and the pericardium, m., 
callous, that attended with fibrous thickening of the 
pericardium. 

mediastinotomy (rne-de-as-tin-ot'-o-me) [mediasti- 
num; rofiT], an incision]. Incision into the mediasti- 
num. 

mediastinum (me-de-as-ti'-num) [in medio stare, 
to stand in the middle]. 1. A partition separating 
adjacent parts. 2. The space left in the middle 
of the chest between the two pleurae, divided into 
the anterior, middle, posterior, and superior medi- 
astinum. The anterior mediastinum contains the 
origins of the triangularis sterni muscles, the internal 
mammary vessels of the left side, loose areolar tissue, 
lymphatic vessels, and a few lymphatic glands. 
The middle mediastinum contains the heart and 
pericardium, the ascending aorta, the superior vena 
cava, the bifurcation of the trachea, the pulmonary 
arteries and veins, and the phrenic nerves. The 
posterior mediastinum contains a part of the aorta, 
the greater and lesser azygos veins, the pneumogastric 
and splanchnic nerves, the esophagus, the thoracic 
duct, and some lymphatic glands. The superior 
mediastinum, that part lying above the pericardium, 
contains the origins of the sternohyoid and sterno- 
thyroid muscles, and part of the longus colli muscles, 
the transverse portion of the aortic arch, the in- 
nominate, left carotid, and subclavian arteries, the 
superior vena cava and the innominate veins, the 
left superior intercostal vein, the pneumogastric, 
cardiac, phrenic, and left recurrent laryngeal nerves, 
the trachea, esophagus, thoracic duct, the remains of 
the thymus gland, and lymphatics, m. testis, a 
septum in the posterior portion of the testicle formed 
by a projection inward of the tunica albuginea. 

mediate (me'-de-dt) [media]. Indirect; performed 
through something interposed, as mediate percussion, 
percussion on a pleximeter. 

medibasilic vein (me-de-bas-il'-ik). The median 
basilic vein. See vein. 

medicable (med'-ik-a-bl) [medicari, to heal]. 
Amenable to cure. 

medical (med'-ik-al) [medicine]. Pertaining to 
medicine, m. diseases, diseases treated by the 
physician, as distinguished from surgical diseases. 
m. ethics, those principles of justice, honor, and 
courtesy that regulate the intercourse and conduct 
of physicians, m. jurisprudence. See jurisprudence, 
medical. 

medicament (med-ik'-am-ent) [medicine]. A medi- 
cinal substance. 

medicamentum (med-ik-am-en'-tum). See medica- 
ment, m. arcanum, a proprietary or secret remedy. 

medicaster (jned-ik-as'-ter). Old term for a quack. 

medicated (med'-ik-a-ted). Impregnated with a 
medicinal substance. 

medication (med-ik-a'-shun) [medicus]. 1. Im- 
pregnation with a medicine. 2. Treatment by 
medicines; the administration of medicines, m., 
endermic. See cataphoresis. m., hypodermatic, 
treatment by the introduction of medicines beneath 
the skin, usually by means of a hypodermatic syringe, 
m., ionic. See cataphoresis. 

medicephalic (me-de-sef-al'-ik) [medius, middle; 
Ke<pa\t), head]. Median cephalic. See vein. 

medicerebellar (me-de-ser-e-bel'-ar) [medius, middle; 
cerebellum]. Pertaining to the intermediate region 
of the cerebellum. 

me dicer ebral (me-de-ser'-e-bral) [medius, middle; 
cerebrum, brain]. Pertaining to the central portion 
of the cerebrum. 



medicinal (med-is'-in-al) [medicine]. Pertaining 
to, or having the nature of, a medicine, m. rashes, 
eruptions on the skin following the internal adminis- 
tration of certain drugs. 

medicine (med'-is-in) [medicari, to heal]. I. Any 
substance given for the cure of disease. 2. The 
science of the treatment of disease; the healing art. 
In a restricted sense, that branch of the healing art 
dealing with internal diseases, m., anatomical, 
that system which deals with the anatomical changes 
in diseased organs and their connection with symp- 
toms manifested during life, m., clinical, the study 
of disease by the bedside of the patient, m., experi- 
mental, that based upon experiments on animals and 
the observation of pathological changes in diseases 
induced in them and the effect of drugs administered. 
m., forensic, m., legal, medical jurisprudence, or 
medicine in its relation to questions of law. m., 
patent, medicine the manufacture of which is pro- 
tected by letters patent, m., practice of, the practi- 
cal application of the principles taught by the theory 
of medicine, m., preventive, that which aims at 
the prevention of disease, m., proprietary, one the 
manufacture of which is limited or controlled by 
an owner, because of a patent, a copyright, or secrecy 
as regards its constitution or method of manufacture. 
m., spagyric, that of the school of Paracelsus, m., 
state, medical jurisprudence, m., vibratory, a 
method of treating nervous diseases, paralysis agitans, 
etc., by mechanical shaking or percussion, by means 
of journeys on railroad or wagon or specially devised 
apparatus for methodical shaking of the body. 

medicinerea (me-de-sin-e'-re-ah) [medius, middle, 
and cinereus, ashen]. The gray matter of the 
claustrum and lenticula of the brain, lying between 
the cortex or ectocinerea and the entocinerea. 

medicisterna (med-e-sis-tur'-nah) [medius, middle; 
cisterna, a vessel]. The cisterna vense magnse cerebri. 

medicochirurgical (med-ik-o-ki-rur'-jik-al) [medi- 
cine; chirurgicus, a surgeon]. Pertaining conjointly 
to medicine and surgery. 

medicolegal (med-ik-o-le'-gal) [medicine; legalis, 
legal]. Relating both to medicine and to the law. 

medicomechanical (med-ik-o-me-kan'-ik-al). Medi- 
cal and mechanical. 

medicommissure (jne-de-kom'-is-ur) [medius, mid- 
dle; commissura, commissure]. The middle com- 
missure of the third ventricle. The junction of the 
mesal surfaces of the thalami. It is in a direct line 
between the porta and the aqueduct, and just dorsad 
of the aulix. It consists mainly of cells, and is so 
soft as commonly to be torn during the removal of 
the brain. 

medicon (med'-ik-on) [ixribwov]. A harmful or 
noxious drug. 

medicophysical (med-ik-o-fiz'-ik-al). Both medical 
and physical. 

medicopsychological (med-ik-o-si-ko-loj'-ik-al) 

[medicus physician; \pvxy, mind; Xoyos, science]. Per- 
taining to medicopsychology. 

medicopsychology (med-ik-o-si-kol'-o-je) [medicus, 
physician; ^/vxoKoyia, the science of the mind]. 
The study of mental diseases. 

medicornu (me-de-kor'-nu) [medius, middle; cornu, 
horn]. ■ The middle horn of the lateral ventricle. 

medicostatistic (med-ik-o-stat-is'-tik). Relating to 
medicine as connected with statistics. 

medicus (med'-ik-us) [L.]. A physician. 

medifixed (me'-de-fikst) [medius, middle; fixus, 
fixed]. Attached by the middle. 

medifrontal (me-de-fron'-tal) [medius, middle ;frons, 
forehead]. Middle of the forehead. 

mediglycin (me-de-glis'-in). A liquid glycerol soap 
used as a vehicle. 

medinal (med'-in-al). Trade name of the sodium 
salt of veronal, used as a hypnotic in doses of 5-10 
gr. (0.3-0.6 gm.). 

Medina-worm (me-di' -nah-wurm) . See Filar ia 
medinensis. 

medio- (me-de-o-) [medius, middle]. A prefix 
meaning middle. 

mediocarpal (me-de-o-kar'-pal) [medius, middle; 
carpus]. Pertaining to the articulation between the 
two rows of carpal bones. 

mediocolic (me-de-o-kol'-ik) [medius, middle; kQ>\ov, 
colon]. Pertaining to the middle portion of the 
colon. 

mediodorsal (me-de-o-dor'-sal) [medius, middle; 
dorsum, back]. Both median and dorsal; on the 
mesial line of the back. 



MEDIOFRONTAL 



541 



MEGALOMANIA 



mediofrontal (me-de-o-frun'-tal) [medius, middle; 
frons, forehead]. Pertaining to the middle of the 
forehead. 

mediolateral (me-de-o-lat'-er-al) [medio-; latus, 
side]. Pertaining to the middle and to a side. 

mediopalatine (me-de-o-pal'-at-in). Relating to 
the center of the palate. 

mediopontine (me-de-o-pon'-tin) [medio-; pons, 
bridge]. Pertaining to the oentral portion of the pons. 

mediotarsal {me-de-o-tar' -sal) [medio-; tarsus]. 
Pertaining to the middle articulation of the tarsal 
bones. 

medipeduncle (me-de-pe-dung'-kl) [medius, middle; 
pedunculus, peduncle]. The middle peduncle of 
the cerebellum; the lateral intermediate continuation 
of the cerebellum to the pons. 

mediscalenus (me-de-ska-le'-nus) [medius, middle; 
scalenus]. Synonym of scalenus medius; see muscles, 
table of. 

medisect (me-de-sekt') [medius, middle; secare, to 
cut]. To make a medisection, q. v. 

medisection (me-de-sek'-shun) [medius, middle; 
sectio, from secare, to cut]. Section of the body, or 
of any symmetrical part, at the median longitudinal 
anteroposterior plane. 

Mediterranean fever {med-it-er-a'-ne-an). See 
fever, Mediterranean. 

meditrina (med-it-ri'-nah). A concentrated germi- 
cidal electrozone. 

medium {me'-de-um) [neuter of medius, middle; 
pi., media], i. That in which anything moves or 
through which it acts. 2. The soil upon which any- 
thing grows, especially a substance used for cultivat- 
ing bacteria; culture or nutrient medium. 

medius (me'-de-us) [medius, middle]. 1. The 
middle. 2. The middle finger. 

medoblennorrhea, medoblennorrhcea (me-do-blen- 
or-e'-ah). Synonym of gonorrhea and gleet. 

medol (med'-ol). Trade name of a preparation of 
creolin ; chiefly used in veterinary practice. 

medorrhea, medorrhcea (me-dor-e'-ah) [fj-nSea, 
genitals; poia, a flow]. A discharge from the repro- 
ductive organs, m. urethralis, gonorrhea, m. 
virilis, gonorrhea of the male urethra. 

medorrhoic (me-dor-o'-ik) [nr)5ea, genitals; poia, 
flow]. Pertaining to medorrhea. 

medulla (me-dul'-ah) [L., "marrow"]. 1. The 
marrow. 2. The medulla oblongata. 3. Anything 
resembling marrow in structure or in its relation to 
other parts — as a fatty substance or marrow occupy- 
ing certain cavities. Also the central parts of certain 
organs as distinguished from the cortex. 4. The 
same as corpus medullare or corpus dentatum. m. of 
kidney. See under kidney, m. of nerve-fiber, the 
white substance of Schwann. See under nerve-fiber. 
m. oblongata, the upper enlarged part of the spinal 
cord, extending from the cord opposite the foramen 
magnum to the pons Varolii, m. ossium, bone 
marrow, m. ossium rubra, red bone-marrow; 
recommended in the treatment of skin diseases and 
in anemia, m. spinalis, the spinal cord or marrow. 

medulladen (med-ul-ad'-en). A preparation of 
bone-marrow of beef; it is used in anemia, gout, etc. 
Dose 30-45 gr. (2-3 Gm.). 

medullar (me-dul'-ar). Synonym of medullary. 

medullary (med'-ul-a-re) [medulla], 1. Pertaining 
to the marrow; resembling marrow. 2. Pertaining 
to any medulla, as that of the brain. 3. Pertaining 
to the medulla oblongata, m. canal, the hollow 
interior of long bones in which the marrow lies. m. 
carcinoma, a soft carcinoma very rich in cells, m. 
foramen, a nutrient foramen, m. groove, a longi- 
tudinal groove at the anterior part of the embryonal 
shield of the blastoderm, m. rays. See under kid- 
ney, m. sheath, the semifluid white matter between 
the enveloping sheath and central axis-cylinder of a 
nerve. 

medullated (med'-ul-a-ted) . Containing or covered 
by medulla or marrow, m. nerve-fibers, nerve- 
fibers provided with a medullary sheath, the white 
substance of Schwann. 

medullation (med-u-la'-shun). The process of 
acquiring a medulla, as in the case of many nerve- 
fibers in the course of their development. 

medullin (med-ul'-in) [medulla, marrow]. 1. A 
variety of cellulose obtained from the pith or medulla 
of certain plants. 2. The extract of the spinal cord 
of the ox; it is used in ataxia. 

medullispinal (med-ul-e-spi'-nal) [medulla; spine]. 
Relating to the spinal cord. 



medullitis (med-ul-i'-tis) [medulla; it«, inflamma- 
tion]. 1. Inflammation of marrow. 2. Myelitis. 

medullization (med-ul-iz-a'-shun) [medulla]. Con- 
version into marrow, as the softening of bone-tissue 
in the course of osteitis. 

medulloarthritis (med-ul-o-ar-thri'-tis) [medulla, 
marrow; apdpov, joint; wis, inflammation]. Inflam- 
mation of the marrow-elements of the cancellated 
articular portion of a bone. 

medullocell (med-ul'-o-sel) [medulla, marrow; 
cellula, cell]. A marrow-cell; myelocyte. 

medulloencephalic (med-ul-o-en-sef-al'-ik) [medulla, 
marrow; iyi<e<pd\6s, brain]. Pertaining to the 
medulla and the encephalon; myeloencephalic. 

medullose, medullous {med-ul'-os, -us). Contain- 
ing much pith or marrow. 

mega-, megalo- (meg-ah-, meg-al-o-) [pkyas, large]. 
Prefixes signifying large; also, indicating a unit 
1,000,000 times greater than the unit to which it is 
prefixed. 

megabacteria (meg-ah-bak-le'-re-ah) [mega-; Paicr-fi- 
pu>p, bacterium]. The largest kind of bacteria; a 
group of the coccobacteria. 

megacephalia (meg-ah-sef-a'-le-ah) [mega-; KeipaXi), 
head]. The megacephalic condition. 

megacephalic, megacephalous (meg-ah-sef-al'-ik, 
meg-ah-sef'-al-us). See megalocephalic. 

megacheilus (meg-ah-ki'-lus) [mega-; x^os, lip]. 
Large-lipped. 

megacoccus (meg-ah-kok'-us) [mega-; kokkos, a 
berry]. A large-sized coccus. 

megacoly (meg-ak'-ol-e). See megalocoly. 

megadyne {meg'-ah-din) [mega-; 8vvap.is, power]. 
A unit equal to a million dynes. 

megafarad (meg-ah-far'-ad) [mega-; Faraday]. 
An electric unit equal to a million farads. 

megagamete {meg-ag-am'-et). Same as macro- 
gamete. 

megagastria (meg-ah-gas'-lre-ah) [mega-; yaarhp, 
belly]. Auxesis, or abnormal enlargement of the 
abdomen. 

megagnathus (meg-ah-na'-thus) [mega-; yvaBos, 
jaw]. Large-jawed. 

megakaryocyte, megacaryocyte (meg-ah-kar'-e-o- 
sit) . See myeloplax. 

megalgia (meg-al'-je-ah) [mega-; aXyos, pain]. 
Excessively severe pain. 

megalo. See mega. 

megaloblast (meg'-al-o-blast) [megalo-; 0\ao-r6s, 
a germ]. A giant-corpuscle of the blood. The term 
is restricted to embryonic or germinal cells as distin- 
guished from megalocite, wyhch pertains to adult life. 

megalocardia imeg-al-o-kar' -de-ah) [mega-; napMa, 
heart]. Auxesis, or enlargement of the heart. 

megalocephalic (meg-al-o-sef-al'-ik) [megalocephaly]. 
Large-headed; applied to a skull the capacity of 
which exceeds 1450 Cc. 

megalocephaly {meg-al-o-sef -al-e) [megalo-; K&pah-h, 
head]. 1. The condition of having a very large head. 
2. A disease characterized by progressive* enlarge- 
ment of the head, face, and neck, involving both the 
bony and the soft tissues. Syn., leontiasis ossea. 

megalocerus (meg-al-os'-er-us) [mega-; nepas, horn]. 
A monstrosity with horn-like projections on the 
forehead. 

megalocheirous (meg-al-o-ki'-rus) [megalo-; x&Pt 
hand]. Large-handed; having large antennae. 

megalocoly (meg-al-ok'-ol-e) [megalo-; k6\ov, colon]. 
A uniform increase in the internal diameter of the 
colon, with thickening of the walls. 

megalocornea (meg-al-o-kor'-ne-ah) [megalo-; cor- 
nea]. An enlarged condition of the cornea. 

megalocyte (meg'-al-o-sit) [megalo-; kvtos, cell]. 
An abnormally large red blood-corpuscle. 

megalocytosis (meg-al-o-si-to'-sis) [megalocyte]. The 
presence of large numbers of greatly enlarged ery- 
throcytes in the blood. 

megalodactylous (meg-al-o-dak'-til-us) [megalo-; 
5clktvKos, digit]. Having abnormally large fingers 
and toes. 

megalogastria {meg-al-o- gas' -tre-ah) [megalo-; yaa- 
rt)p, belly]. Abnormal enlargement of the abdomen. 

megaloglossia (meg-al-o-glos'-e-ah). See macro- 
glossia. 

megalokaryocyte (meg-al-o-kar'-e-o-sit). 1. A cell 
having a large nucleus. 2. A cell of the bone- 
marrow having a large, irregular, coiled nucleus. 

megalomania (meg-al-o-ma'-ne-ah) [megalo-; p.avla, 
madness]. 1. Mania characterized by delusions of 
grandeur. 2. The delirium of grandeur. 



MEGALOMELIA 



542 



MELANEMIA 



megalomelia (meg-al-o-me' -le-ah) [megalo-; fiekos, 
limb]. A monster with excessively large limbs. 

megalonychosis (meg-al-on-ik-o'-sis) [megalo-; 6w%, 
nail]. Universal noninflammatory enlargement of 
the nails. 

megalopenis (meg-al-o-pe'-nis). Excessive size of 
the penis. 

megalophonic, megalophonous (meg-al-o-fo'-nik, 
meg-al-off'-o-nus). Synonym of macrophonous. 

megalophthalmus (meg-al-of-lhal'-mus) [megalo-; 
6<pdo.\y.6%, eye]. Excessively large eyes. 

megalopia (meg-al-o'-pe-ah). Synonym of mega- 
lopsia. 

megalopodia (meg-al-o-po'-de-ah) [megalo-; tto-js, 
foot]. The condition of having large feet. 

megaloporous {meg-al-op'-or-us). Characterized 
by large pores. 

megalopsia (meg-al-op'-se-ah) [megalo-; 6^is, sight]. 
A disturbance of vision in which objects seem larger 
than they are. 

megaloscope (meg'-al-o-skop) [megalo-; aKoireZv, 
to inspect]. A magnifying endoscope or speculum. 

megaloscopy (meg-al-os' -ko-pe) [megalo-; o-Ko-neiv, 
to inspect]. Inspection by means of the megalo- 
scope. 

megalosplanchnos (meg-al-o-splangk'-nos) [megalo- ; 
airXayxvov, viscus]. Possessing large viscera, especi- 
ally a large liver. 

megalosplenia (meg-al-o-sple'-ne-ah) [megalo- ; 
spleen]. Enlargement of the spleen. 

megalosporon (meg-al-os' -po-ron) [megalo-; airdpos, 
seed: pi., megalospora]. A fungus, parasitic upon 
the hair; trichophyton. 

megalosyndactyly (meg-al-o-sin-dak'-til-e). Syn- 
dactylism attended by hypertrophy. 

meganucleus (meg-an-u'-kle-us). Same as macro- 
nucleus. 

megaphone (meg'-ah-fon) [mega-; <pwvfi, sound]. 
An instrument used for assisting the hearing of the 
deaf, by means of large reflectors of the sound-waves. 

megarrhizin (meg-ar-iz'-in). A bitter glucoside 
from the root of Echinocystis fabacea. It is said to 
be an active cathartic. 

megascope (meg-ah-skop) [mega-; VKoiretv, to in- 
spect]. A microscope for examining objects ot com- 
paratively large size. 

megaseme (meg'-as-em) [mega-; aijp.a, sign]. With 
an orbital index more than 8o°. 

megasoma (meg-ah-so'-mah) [mega-; 0-cbp.a, body]. 
Abnormal size and staturenot reaching gigantism. 

megaspore (meg'-ah-spor) [mega-; awopos, seed]. 
Same as macrospore. 

megasthenic (meg-ah-sthen'-ik) [mega-; aOevos, 
strength]. Powerful; having great bodily strength. 

Megastoma (meg-ah-sto'-mah) [mega-; arbna, 
mouth]. A genus of infusorians. M. entericum, 
M. intestinale, a species found in the intestinal canal 
of the cat and of certain mice, and in human feces. 
It is probably identical with Cercomonas intestinalis. 

megavolt (meg'-ah-volt). A unit equal to 1,000,000 
volts. 

Meglin's palatine point (ma-glan') [J. A. Meglin, 
French physician, 1 756-1824]. The point of emer- 
gence of the large palatine nerve from the palato- 
maxillary canal; it constitutes at times one of the 
painful points in neuralgia of the superior maxillary 
branch of the trigeminus. 

megohm (meg'-om) [mega-; ohm]. An electrical 
unit equal to one million ohms. 

megophthalmus (meg-of-thal'-mus). See kerato- 
globus. 

megoxycyte (meg-ok'-se-sit) [mega-; 6£vs, sharp; 
kvtos, cell]. A large oxyphile cell, one of the coarsely 
granular eosinophile cells or a-granules of Ehrlich. 

megrim (me' -grim). See migraine. 

Mehu's test for albumin (ma'-hoo) [Camille Jean 
Marie Mehu, French chemist, 1835-1887]. Treat 
the solution with 2 or 3 % of its volume of nitric 
acid, and add 10 volumes of a solution of 1 part 
phenol and 1 part acetic acid in 2 parts of 90 % alcohol 
and shake. 

Meibomian calculus (mi-bo' -me-an) [Heinrich 
Meibom, German anatomist, 1638-1700]. The 
hardened secretion of the Meibomian glands that may 
accumulate on the inner surface of the eyelids. M. 
cyst, M. tumor, chalazion. M. foramen, the cecal 
foramen of the tongue. M. glands, tarsal glands; 
sebaceous follicles embedded in the tarsal plates 
of the eyelids. M. sty, one produced by suppuration 
of a Meibomian gland. Syn., hordeolum internum. 



Meigs' capillaries. The capillary blood-vessels 
found between the muscular fibers of the heart. 

Meinert's form of enteroptosis (mi'-nert). Enter- 
optosis occurring in chlorotic subjects. 

meio- (mi'-o-). For words beginning thus, see 
mio-. 

meiostagmin reaction (mi-o-stag'-min). A serum 
reaction based upon the lowering of the surface 
tension of a liquid when a specific antigen is added 
to a specific serum. 

Meissner's corpuscles (mls'-ner) [Georg Meissner, 
German histologist, 1829-1003]. Ovoid, laminated 
corpuscles connected with medullated nerve-fibers 
which wind around the lower pole before entering 
them; they are found in the papilla? of the volar 
surfaces of the fingers and toes. M.'s ganglia, the 
ganglionic nodes in Meissner's plexus. M.'s plexus, 
a plexus of nerves found in the submucous layer of 
the small intestine. 

Meissner-Billroth's plexus. See Meissner's plexus. 

mel [L.]. Honey. The product of the honey- 
bee, Apis mellifera, and a few other hymenopterous 
insects. It contains a large amount of dextrose and 
levulose, and has the same properties as sugar. In 
medicine it is used as a vehicle, especially in gargles, 
and as an application to foul ulcers, m. boracis 
(B. P.), honey of borax, is used as a mouth-wash in 
thrush and aphthae, m. depuratum (U. S. P.), 
clarified honey, m. despumatum, clarified honey. 
m. rosse (U. S. P.), honey of rose, is used as an addi- 
tion to gargles in ulcerated conditions of the mouth 
and throat. 

melachol (mel'-ak-ol). Sodium citrophosphate, 
consisting of sodium phosphate, 100 parts; sodium 
nitrate, 2 parts; citric acid, 13 parts, rubbed together 
and mixed with 100 parts of water; used in liver 
complaints. 

melada (mel-a'-dah) [Sp., fem. of melar, candy]. 
A moist brown sugar, produced like the muscovado, 
but not drained free of molasses. 

melaena (mel-e'-nah). See melena. 

melagra (mel-a'-grah) [jieXos, limb; ay pa, seizure]. 
Pain or gout in the limbs. 

melaleuca (mel-al-u-kah) . See cajuput. 

melalgia (mel-al'-je-ah) [pehos, limb; &X70S, pain]. 
Pain or neuralgia in the extremities. 

melamphonous (mel-am'-fo-nus) [/zeXas, dark; <pwvri, 
voice]. Hoarse- voiced. 

melampyrin, melampyrit (mel-am'-pi-rin, -rit). 
See dulcit. 

melansemia (mel-an-e' -me-ah) . See melanemia. 

melanagogue (mel-an'-ag-og) [melano-; &7W76S, 
leading]. 1. Causing an expulsion of dark feces, or 
of bile. 2. A remedy that causes the expulsion of 
dark stools or of bile; formerly, a medicine of service 
in the treatment of choler, or melancholy. 

melancholia, melancholy (mel-an-ko'-le-ah, mel'- 
an-kol-e) [/xeXas, black; X0X17, bile]. A disorder of the 
mind characterized by a profound emotional de- 
pression and a tendency toward introspection, im- 
pairment of the mental and physical faculties, with 
or without delusions, m., affective, that in which 
the emotional nature is at fault, m. agitata, a form 
associated with excessive motor excitement. The 
patient rushes about, wringing his hands and lament- 
ing loudly, m. attonita, a form in which the patient 
is peifectly motionless, lies in bed or sits up with his 
eyes open and fixed, and is absolutely indifferent to 
everything about him. Syn., stuporous melancholia. 
m., climacteric, that occurring at the menopause, 
m., convulsive, that associated with Jacksonian 
epilepsy, m., panphobic, that associated with the 
dread of everything, m., paretic, that preceding 
paresis, m. passiva, m., passive, a chronic form of 
slow development and gradual failure of the physical 
powers, m., simple, a mild form without delusions. 
Syn., hypomelancholia ; melancholia without delirium. 
m. simplex, a mild form without delusions, m. 
stuporosa. Same as m. attonita. m., stuporous. 
See m. attonita. 

melancholiac (mel-an-ko'-le-ak) [see melancholia], 
1. Suffering from melancholia. 2. A person affected 
with melancholia. 

melancholic (mel-an-kol'-ik) [melano-; x°M> bile]. 
Sad; depressed; affected with melancholy. 

melanedema (mel-an-e-de'-mah) [p.k\as, black; 
ol5i)na, swelling]. Melanosis of the lungs. 

melanemia, melansemia (mel-an-e' -me-ah) [jaeXas, 
black; aljua, blood]. The presence in the blood- 
plasma or in the corpuscles, or in both, of dark pig- 



MELANEPHIDROSIS 



543 



MELLITA 



ment-granules due to the disintegration of the hemo- 
globin. Syn., hemachromatosis. 

melanephidrosis (mel-an-ef-id-ro'^sis) [pk\as, black; 
&f>iSpoxns, excessive perspiration]. Black perspiration. 

melangeur (ma-lon-zjer') [Fr.]. The graduated 
pipet of the hemocytometer. 

melanicterus (mel-an-ik'-ter-us) [melano-; Urepos, 
jaundice]. Black jaundice. 

melanidia (mel-an-id'-e-ah). See miner's phthisis. 

melanidrosis (mel-an-id-ro'-sis). See melanephi- 
drosis. 

melanin (mel'-an-in) \jxe\as, black]. A black pig- 
mentary matter occurring naturally in the choroid 
coat of the eye, the skin, the hair, the muscles, and, 
pathologically, in the skin in Addison's disease and 
in melanotic tumors. Melanin usually contains sul- 
phur and rarely iron. It is a product of cell-activity 
and belongs to the socalled metabolic pigments. 

melanism (mel'-an-izm) [melanin]. The abnormal 
deposition of dark pigment in an organ or organism. 

melano- (mel-an-o-) [jueXas, black]. A prefix sig- 
nifying black or dark-colored, or relating to melanin. 

melanoblastoma (mel-an-o-blas-to'-mah) [melano- ; 
blastoma]. Same as melanosarcoma. 

melanocancroid (mel-an-o-kang'-kroid). Synonym 
of melanocarcinoma. 

melanocarcinoma (mel-an-o-kar-sin-o'-mah). A 
carcinoma containing melanin. 

melanochlorosis (mel-an-o-klo-rc'-sis) [melano- ; 
xXcopos, green]. Chlorosis in which the skin has a 
blackish-green hue. Also the same as melanicterus. 

melanochroic, melanochroous (mel-an-o-kro'-ik, 
mel-an-ok' -ro-us) [melano-; xpoa, color]. Having a 
dark color or complexion. 

melanocomous {mel-an-ok' -o-mus) [melano-; now, 
hair]. Black-haired. 

melanocyte {mel'-an-o-sit) [melano-; kvtos, a cell]. 
A wandering lymph-cell which has become discolored 
by the absorption of dark pigment-granules. 

melanoderma, melanodermia (mel-an-o-der'-mah, 
mel-an-o-der' -me-ah) [melano-; 8epp.a, skin]. Black 
pigmentation of the skin, m., parasitic. See vaga- 
bond's disease. 

melanogen (mel-an'-o-jen) [melano-; yewav, to 
produce]. A material which becomes melanin on 
receiving the appropriate stimulus. 

melanoid (mel'-an-oid) [melano-; eldos, like]. Dark- 
colored; of the nature of melanosis. 

melanoma (mel-an-o' -mah) [melano-; 6p.a, tumor: 
pi., melanomata]. A tumor containing melanin. 

melanomyces (mel-an-o-mi'-sez) [melano-; nvK-qs, 
fungus]. A black fungous growth. 

melanopathy (mel-an-op'-ath-e) [melano-; irados, 
disease]. A disease attended with a deposit of dark 
pigment. 

melanoplakia (mel-an-o-pla'-ke-ah) [melano-; ir\a£, 
surface]. Pigmentation of the mucous membrane 
of the mouth. 

melanorrhagia (mel-an-or-a'-je-ah) [melano-; fay- 
vbvai, to burst forth]. The copious discharge of 
blackened feces. 

melanorrhea (mel-an-or-e'-ah) [melano-; polo., a 
flow]. Synonym of melena. 

melanosarcoma (mel-an-o-sar-ko'-mah) [melano- ; 
sarcoma]. A sarcoma containing melanin. 

melanosar c omat o sis (mel-an-o-sar-ko-mat-o'-sis) . 
The formation of melanosarcomata or the conditions 
favoring their formation. 

melanoscirrhus (mel-an-o-skir'-us). A form of 
scirrhous scarcinoma characterized by pigmentation. 

melanosis (mel-an-o' -sis) [melano-; voaos, disease]. 
A general tendency to the formation in the blood, and 
the deposition in organs, of a dark granular pigment 
which is usually derived from the hemoglobin of the 
blood, m. lenticularis progressiva. See xeroderma 
pigmentosum. 

melanosity (mel-an-os'-it-e) [melano-; voaos, dis- 
ease]. The condition of being melanous; darkness, 
as of hair, eyes, or skin. 

melanotic (mel-an-ot'-ik) [melanosis]. Pertaining 
to or characterized by melanosis or by a deposit of 
melanin. 

melanotrichous (mel-an-ot' -rik-us) [melano-; 6pl%, 
hair]. Black-haired. 

melanous (mel'-an-us) [melanosis]. Pigmented, 
dark complexioned, characterized by melanosis. 

Melanthera (mel-an'-ther-ah) OueXas, black; avdnpos, 
blossoming]. A genus of composite plants. M. 
brownei is an African plant the leaves of which in 
infusion are recommended as a substitute for quinine. 



melanthin (mel-an'-thin). A glucoside, found 
in the seeds of Nigella sativa. 

melanuria (mel-an-u'-re-ah) [p.i\as, black; ovpov, 
urine]. The presenceof black pigment in the urine. 

melanurin (mel-an-u'-rin) [melano-; ovpov, urine]. 
A dark pigment found in the urine in melanuria; it 
is sometimes associated with the presence in the 
body of melanotic tumors. 

melasicterus (mel-as-ik'-ter-us) [peXas, black; 
ucrepos, jaundice]. Black jaundice; jaundice with 
great discoloration of the skin. 

melasma (mel-az'-mah) [p.k\as, black]. A deposit 
of dark pigment in the skin. m. suprarenale, 
Addison's disease. 

melatrophy (mel-at'-ro-fe) [p.k\os, limb; &Tpo<pia, 
lack of nutrition]. Wasting of the limbs. 

melena, melaena (mel-e'-nah) [/xeXas, black]. The 
discharge of stools colored black by altered blood. It 
is quite common in the newborn, melaena neona- 
torum, an extravasation of blood into the stomach 
and intestines of the newborn infant, occurring most 
often in the first few hours of life. 

melenemesis (mel-en-em' -es-is) [melano-; ejue<ns, 
vomiting]. Black vomit. 

melenic (mel-en'-ik) [p.e\as, black]. Pertaining to 
melena. 

melenorrhagia (mel-en-or-a'-je-ah). Synonym of 
melena. 

melezitose (mel-ez'-it-os) [Fr., meleze, larch], 
C18H32O16-I-2H2O. A sugar found in European 
false manna, or Briancon manna. 

Melia (me'-le-ah) [jxehia, the ash]. A genus of the 
order Meliacece. M. azadirachta is indigenous to 
Asia, but naturalized in southern Europe and Ameri- 
ca. The entire plant is bitter and narcotic, in small 
doses purgative and anthelmintic; the leaves and 
blossoms are vulnerary and stomachic; the bark, 
called margosa, is tonic and emmenagogue, the root 
bark is used in lepra and scrofula and as an emetic; 
the oil of the seeds is antiseptic. M. azedarach is 
indigenous to Asia and naturalized in the United 
States. The root bark is anthelmintic. Dose of 
fluidextract 10-30 min. (0.6-1.8 Cc). The oil from 
the seeds is used in skin diseases and as a vulnerary. 

melicera, meliceris (mel-is-e'-rah, mel-is-e'-ris) 
[mel; tempos, wax]. A cyst containing a substance 
having a honey-like appearance. 

Mefllotus (mel-il-o'-tus) [mel; \wt6s, lotus]. A 
genus of leguminous herbs. M. officinalis, the sweet 
clover, is official in the G. P. It contains coumarin 
(C9H6O2), melilotic acid (C9H10O3), and coumaric 
acid (C9H8O3), of which coumarin is the anhydride. 

melinous (mel'-in-us) [jutJXu'os]. Quince-colored. 

Melissa (mel-is'-ah) [p.e\io-o-a, a bee]. A genus of 
labiate plants. M. officinalis, balm or lemon-balm, 
is a species growing in southern Europe. Balm is 
used as a drink in febrile affections and as a flavoring 
agent. 

melissic (mel-is'-ik) [mel]. Obtained from honey 
or from beeswax. 

melitagra (mel-it-a'-grah) [mel; ay pa, seizure]. 
Eczema associated with the formation of soft, honey- 
colored crusts. 

melitagra (mel-it-a'-grah) [pekos, limb; ay pa, 
seizure]. Any arthritic or rheumatic pain in the 
limbs. 

melitemia, melitaemia (mel-it-e' -me-ah) [mel; al/xa, 
blood]. The presence of an excess of sugar in the 
blood. 

melitis (mel-i'-tis) [p.ij\ov, cheek; ins, inflamma- 
tion]. _ Inflammation of a cheek. 

melitoptyalismus (mel-it-o-ti-al-iz'-mus) [p.k\i, 
honey; irrvaXov, saliva]. The production of melito- 
ptyalon. 

melitoptyalon (mel-it-o-ti'-al-on) [jueXi, honey; 
iTTva\ov, saliva]. A saliva containing glucose said 
to be secreted by persons suffering from hectic fever. 

melitose (mel'-it-os) [mel], C12H22O11. A crystalline 
sugar occurring in Australian manna, flour of cotton- 
seeds, sugar-beets, and in the molasses obtained in 
the manufacture of sugar. 

melituria (mel-it-u'-re-ah) [melitose; ovpov, urine]. 
Diabetes mellitus. m. inosita, the presence of inosit 
in the urine. 

Mellin's food. A variety of Liebig's food for 
infants. Its composition is: Water 5.0, fat 0.15, 
grape-sugar 44.69, cane-sugar 3.51, starch none, 
soluble carbohydrates 85.44, albuminoids 5-95, 
ash 1.89. 

mellita (mel-i'-tah) [p.e\i, honey]. Pharmaceutical 



MELLITE 



544 



MEMBRANE 



preparations known as honeys. They consist of 
honey, either natural, clarified, or flavored. There 
are three official mellita. 

mellite (mel'-it). See mellitum. 

mellithemia (mel-ith-e'-me-ah). See melitemia. 

mellitum {mel-i'-tum) [mel]. In pharmacy, a 
honey; a preparation in which honey is the menstru- 
um, m. rosae. See mel roses. 

melmaroba (mel-mar-o'-bah). A liquid preparation 
said to contain Brunfelsia uniflora, caroba, stillingia, 
and potassium iodide; it is used in syphilis, chronic 
skin diseases, and rheumatism. Dose 1-2 dr. (3.75- 
7-5 Cc). 

melocampyle (mel-o-kam'-pil-e) [nehos, limb; KanwOXtj, 
crooked staff]. Deformity of the limbs from bending. 

melodidymus (mel-o-did'-im-us) [nk\os, limb; 
bldvuos, double]. A monstrosity with double limbs. 
Melodidymia are twins united by the limbs. 

melol (mel'-ol) [mel; oleum, oil]. Disguised castor- 
oil. 

melomania (mel-o-ma'-ne-ah) frieXos, song; ixavla, 
madness]. Inordinate devotion to music. 

melomaniac (mel-o-ma'-ne-ak) [jik\os, song; fiavla, 
madness]. One who is affected with melomania. 

melomelus (mel-om'-el-us) [/xeXos, limb]. A mon- 
ster with supernumerary limbs. 

melon (mel'-on) [firj\ov, an apple]. 1. See citrullus 
and cucumis. 2. A proprietary cicatrizant and 
vulnerary, m.-root, the root of muskmelon, Cucumis 
melo. Dose of cultivated root 6 dr. (25 Gm.) ; of wild 
root 8-11 gr. (0.51-0. 71 Gm.). m.-seed bodies, 
fibrous bodies, resembling melon-seeds in size, 
sometimes found in joints and cysts of tendon- 
sheaths. 

meloncus (mel-ong'-kus) \pfiKov, cheek; 6ynos, 
tumor]. A tumor of the cheek. 

melonemetin (mel-on-em'-et-in). See melonenem- 
etin. 

melonenemetin (mel-on-en-em'-et-in). A bitter 
brown substance from the root of musk-melon 
Cucumis melo. It is used as an emetic and purgative. 
Dose f-i- gr. (0.05-0.07 Gm.). 

meloplastic (mel-o-plas'-tik) [firjXov, cheek; irkaaaeiv, 
to form]. Pertaining to meloplasty. 

meloplasty (me'-lo-plas-te) [fj.fj\ov, cheek; irXaaaeiv, 
to form], A plastic operation on the cheek. 

melos (me'-los) [/*e\os, a limb]. Limb. 

melosalgia (mel-os-al'-je-ah). See melalgia. 

meloschisis (mel-os'-kis-is) [nij\oi>, cheek; <rx£<ns, 
cleft]. A congenital cleft of the cheek. 

melosis {me-lo'-sis) [nn^v, probe]. The process of 
probing. 

melotis (mel-o'-tis) [firjXr], probe; ovs, ear]. An 
aural probe. 

melotridymus (mel-o-trid' -im-us) [fik\os, limb; 
rpldvfios, threefold]. A fetal monstrosity with three 
pairs of limbs. 

melting-point. The degree of temperature at 
which solids pass into the liquid state. 

Meltzer's method (melt'-zer) [Samuel James 
Meltzer, American physician, 1851- ]. The 
introduction of an anesthetic vapor into the trachea. 
M.'s sign, normally, on auscultation of the heart 
(at the side of the xiphoid appendix) there is heard, 
after swallowing, a first sound produced by the 
flowing of fine drops, and six or seven seconds after, 
a "glou-glOu." According to Meltzer, the second 
sound fails in the case of occlusion or pronounced 
contraction of the lower part of the esophagus. 

melubrin (mel'-u-brin). Trade name of an anti- 
pyrin derivative, used in acute articular rheumatism, 
sciatica, etc. Dose 15-30 gr. (1 to 2 Gm.). 

melulose (mel'-u-los). A concentrated extract of 
malt. 

member (mem'-ber) [membrum, a limb]. A part 
of the body, especially a projecting part, as the leg 
or the arm. 

membra (mem'-brah) [L.]. Plural of membrum. 

membral (mem'-bral) [membrum, limb]. Per- 
taining to a limb or member. 

membrana (mem-bra' -nah) [L.; pi., membrance]. A 
membrane, m. abdominis, the peritoneum, m. ad- 
ventitia, the adventitia of blood-vessels; also, the de- 
cidua reflexa. m. agnina, the amnion, m. basilaris. 
See m. propria, m. caduca, the decidua. m. capsu- 
laris, a capsular ligament, m. decidua. See decidua. 
m. eboris, the cellular covering of tooth pulp. m. 
elastica laryngis, the cricothyroid membrane with 
the membrana quadrangularis. m. flaccida. See 
ShrapnelV s membrane, m. germinativa, the blasto- 



derm, m. granulosa, the layer of small polyhedral 
cells within the theca folliculi of the Graafian follicle. 
m. limitans, the limiting layer of the retina. There 
are two — the internal and the external. See limiting 
membrane, m. propria, the delicate membrane upon 
which the epithelium of mucous membranes rests; 
the basement-membrane, m. quadrangularis, one 
of the elastic membranes of the larynx, m. reuniens, 
the fused somatopleuric layers between the recti 
abdominis in the embryo, m. Ruyschiana, the 
middle or capillary layer of the choroid, m. sacci- 
formis, the synovial membrane of the inferior radi- 
oulnar articulation, m. Schneideriana, the pituitary 
membrane, m. serotina, the part of the decidua 
entering into the formation of the placenta, m. 
tectoria, a delicate membrane of the internal ear. 
Syn., Corti's membrane. See under ear. m. tensa, 
the tympanic membrane proper, exclusive of Shrap- 
nell's membrane, m. tenuis, the arachnoid, m. 
tympani. See membrane, tympanic, m. vestibularis. 
See Reissner's membrane, m. vibrans. Same as m. 
tensa. 

membranaceous (mem-bran-a'-ce-us) [membrum, 
member]. Pertining to, consisting of, or of the 
nature of, a membrane. 

membrane (mem'-bran) [membrana, from membrum, 
member]. A thin layer of tissue surrounding a 
part or separating adjacent cavities, m., animal, 
a membrane made from animal tissues, used in di- 
alyzing. m., basement-, a delicate membrane, made 
up of flattened cells, underlying the epithelium of 
mucous surfaces, m. basilar. See basilar, m.- 
bone, any bone that originates, not in cartilage, but 
in membrane, as some of the cranial bones, m. of 
Bruch. See Britch's membrane, m. Cargile's. See 
Cargile's membrane, m., cell, the cell wall, m., 
cloacal, the ventral wall of the cloaca of the embryo, 
m., compound, one made up of two distinct lamina?, 
as seromucous and serofibrous membranes, m. of 
Corti. See membrana tectoria. m., costocoracoid, 
a dense layer of fascia extending between the sub- 
clavius muscle and the pectoralis minor, and forming 
the anterior portion of the sheath of the axillary 
vessels, m., cricothyroid, the membrane connecting 
the thyroid and cricoid cartilages of the larynx, m., 
croupous, the yellowish-white membrane forming in 
the larynx in croup, m., Debove's. See Debove's 
membrane. m. of Descemet. See Descemet's 
membrane, m., diphtheritic, a fibrinous layer 
formed on a mucous membrane or cutaneous surface 
and extending downward for a variable depth. 
It is the result of coagulation-necrosis, generally 
brought about by the bacillus of diphtheria, m., 
drum-, the tympanic membrane, m., elastic, one 
composed of elastic fibrous tissue, m., false. See 
m., diphtheritic, m., fenestrated, the elastic mem- 
brane of the intima of arteries. Syn., fenestrated 
membrane of Henle. m., fetal, a name given to the 
chorion, amnion, or allantois. m., germinal, the 
blastoderm, m. hyaline, (1) basement membrane; 
(2) the membrane between the inner fibrous layer of a 
hair follicle and its outer root-sheath, m., hyaloid, 
a delicate membrane investing the vitreous humor 
of the eye. m., intrachoroidal, an ependymal mem- 
brane below the choroidal fissure in the embryo. 
m., Jacob's. See Jacob's membrane, m., Krause's. 
See Krause's membrane, m., limiting. See limiting 
membrane, m., meconic, a layer within the rectum 
of the fetus, supposed to invest the meconium, m., 
medullary. Same as endosteum. m., mucous, the 
membrane lining those cavities and canals com- 
municating with the air. It is kept moist by the 
mucus secreted by the goblet-cells and mucous 
glands, m. of Nasmyth. See Nasmyth's membrane. 
m., nictitating, the winking membrane of the lower 
animals, represented in the human eye by the plica 
semilunaris, m., obturator, the fibrous membrane 
closing the obturator foramen, m., otolith, membrane 
formed of otoliths and a mesh-work of fibrous tissue 
in the utricle and saccule, m., palatine, the mem- 
brane covering the roof of the mouth, m., persistent 
pupillary. See m., pupillary, m., periodontal, a 
fibrous layer covering the cement of teeth, m., 
pseudoserous, one presenting the moist, glistening 
surface, etc., of a serous membrane, but differing 
from it in structure; e. g., the endothelium of the 
blood-vessels, m., pupillary, a delicate, transparent 
membrane closing the pupil in the fetus. It disap- 
pears between the seventh and eighth months; when 
it persists after birth it is termed persistent pupillary 



MEMBRANIFEROUS 



545 



MENINGITIS 



membrane, m., pyogenic, the lining of an abscess- 
cavity or a fistulous tract. The term should be 
restricted to the lining of an abscess that is spreading 
and in which the membrane produces pus. m., 
pyophylactic, a protective membrane lining an 
abscess cavity, m. of Reissner. See Reissner's 
membrane, m., reticular, the membrane covering 
the space of the outer hair-cells of the cochlea. 
m. of Ruysch. See Ruysch's membrane. m., 
Schneiderian, the mucosa lining the nasal fossa?. 
m., secondary tympanic, the membrane closing the 
fenestra rotunda, m., serous, a delicate membrane 
covered with flat endothelial cells lining closed 
cavities of the body, e. g., the peritoneum and the 
pleura, m., Shrapnell's. See Shrapnell's membrane. 
m., sutural, fibrous tissue passing through the 
sutures of the cranium between the periosteum and 
the external layer of the dura, m., synovial, a 
membrane co'jsering the articular extremities of bones 
and the inner surface of ligaments entering into the 
formation of a joint, m., Tenon's. See Tenon's 
capsule, m., thyrohyoid, the membrane joining 
the thyroid cartilage and hyoid bone, m., tympanic, 
the drum-membrane; the membrane separating the 
external from the middle ear. It consists of three 
layers : an outer or skin layer, a fibrous layer, and an 
inner mucous layer, m., vitelline, the true cell-mem- 
brane of the ovum, lying within the zona pellucida. 

membranif erous (mem-bran-if '-er-us) [membrane ; 
erre, to bear]. Having a membranous expansion. 

membranif orm (mem-bran'-if-orm). See mem- 
branous. 

membranins, membranin bodies (mem'-bran-inz). 
A special group of proteins containing sulphur, 
which blackens lead; insoluble in water, salt solution, 
or dilute acids or alkalies, but soluble in the last two 
with warmth. Like mucins, they yield a reducing 
substance by action of dilute mineral acids with 
heat. They give a beautiful red coloration with 
Millon's reagent. Membranins constitute the sub- 
stance of Descemet's membrane and of the capsule 
of the crystalline lens. 

membranocarneous (mem-bra-no-kar'-ne-us) [mem- 
brane; carneus, belonging to flesh]. Both membran- 
ous and fleshy. 

membranocartilaginous (mem-bra-no-kar-til-aj'- 
in-us). Both cartilaginous and fleshy. 

membranocranium (mem-bran-o-kra'-ne-um) [mem- 
brana, membrane; apaviov, skull]. The membranous 
skull of the fetus, prior to ossification. 

membranoid (mem'-bran-oid) [membrana, mem- 
brane; ddos, like]. Resembling membrane. 

membranous (mem'-bran-us). Pertaining to, 
having the nature of, or consisting of, a membrane. 
m. labyrinth. See labyrinth, membranous. m. 
urethra, the part of the urethra between the two 
layers of the triangular ligament. 

membrum (mem' -brum) [L.: pi., membra]. Same 
as member, m. muliebre, the clitoris, m. seminale, 
m. virile, the penis. 

memory (mem'-o-re) [memor, mindful]. That 
faculty of the mind by which ideas and sensations 
are recalled, m. anterograde (an'-ter-o-grad). Mem- 
ory for events long past but amnesia in regard to 
recent occurrences. 

menacme (men-ak'-me) [p.i)v, month; ducpri, prime]. 
The period of a woman's life during which menstru- 
ation persists. 

menagogue (men'-ag-og). Synonym of emmena- 
gogue. 

menarche (men-ar'-ke) [fir)i>, month; &pxrj, be- 
ginning]. The period at which menstruation is 
inaugurated. 

Mendel's law (men'-dl) [Johann Gregor Mendel, 
Austrian naturalist, 1822-1884]. A first cross will 
result in offspring resembling one or the other parent, 
and possessing in an undeveloped form, termed "re- 
cessive," the attributes of the other. The second 
cross will result in fixed types possessing respectively 
the character of one parent, "dominant," and of 
both parents in varying degrees. 

Mendeleeff's law (men-del' -yef) [Dimitrii Ivano- 
vich Mendeleeff, Russian chemist, 1834-1907]. The 
properties of an element are a periodical function 
of its atomic weight. Also called periodic law. 

Mendelism (men' -del-izm) . The theory proposed 
by Mendel and comprised in his law of dichotomy 
in plant hybridization. See Mendel's law. 

mendosus (men-do' -sus) [mendax, false]. False; 
incomplete. 
19 



menelcosis (men-el-ko'-sis) [fj.ijves, menses; IXkwo-is, 
ulceration]. Ulceration of the leg, with vicarious 
menstruation from the sore. 

menellipsis (men-el-ip'-sis) [fifjves, menses; eXXei^w, 
a falling off]. Menopause. 

menhidrosis, menidrosis (men-hid-ro'-sis, men-id- 
ro'-sis) [n-qv, month; tdpuvis, sweat]. The replace- 
ment of the menstrual flow by a bloody sweat. 

Meniere's disease (men-e-ar') [Prosper Meniere, 
French physician, 1799-1862]. Aural vertigo. A 
disease of the middle ear characterized by sudden 
deafness and symptoms of apoplexy. Its cause is 
thought to be effusion or hemorrhage into the semi- 
circular canals of the ear. 

meningarthrocace (men-in-gar-throk'-as-e) [/^tyf, 
membrane; apdpov, joint; k<j.k6s, evil]. Inflammation 
of joint-membranes. 

meningeal (men-in'-je-al) [meninges]. Pertaining 
to the meninges. 

meningematoma (men-in-je-mat-o'-mah) . Hema- 
toma of the dura. 

meningeocortical (men-in-je-o-kor'-tik-al). Relat- 
ing to the meninges and the cortex of the brain. 

meningeorrhaphy (me-nin-je-or'-af-e) [meninges ; 
pa<pri, suture]. 1. Suture of membranes. 2. Suture 
of the meninges of the brain or spinal cord. 

meninges (men-in'-jez) [Plural of meninx, q. v.]. 
A name applied to the membranes of the brain and 
spinal cord; the dura, pia, and arachnoid, m., 
lepto-, the pia and arachnoid. 

meninghematoma (men-ing-he-mat-o'-mah). See 
meningematoma. 

meningina (men-in-ji'-nah) [p.rjviy%, membrane]. 
The pia and arachnoid considered as the proper 
meninges, and apart from the dura; the pia-arach- 
noid. 

meningism (men'-in-jizm) [meninges]. 1. Simple 
circulatory disturbances of the meninges, of toxic or 
hysterical origin. 2. Pseudomeningitis accompanied 
by symptoms similar to those of tuberculous menin- 
gitis. 

meningitic (men-in-jit'-ik) [meningitis]. Per- 
taining to, or affected with, meningitis, m. streak. 
See tache meningeale. 

meningitiform (men-in-jit'-e-form) [meningitis; 
forma, form]. Resembling meningitis. 

meningitis (men-in-ji'-tis) [meninges; ms, inflam- 
mation]. Inflammation of the membranes of the 
brain or cord; that of the dura is termed pachy- 
meningitis; that of the pia-arachnoid, leptomeningitis, 
or simply meningitis. Meningitis of the membranes 
of the brain is classified into acute and chronic, the 
former being subdivided into serous and purulent, 
the latter into fibrous, ossifying, and deep, or en- 
cephalomeningitis. According to location, two vari- 
eties are spoken of — that of the vertex and that of 
the base, m., acute cerebral, that due to traumatism, 
to extension of inflammation from adjacent struc- 
tures, especially from the middle ear, the orbit, the 
nasal sinuses, or to tuberculosis (tuberculous men- 
ingitis); it may be secondary to acute infectious 
processes elsewhere in the body, as pneumonia, 
erysipelas, typhoid fever, influenza, smallpox, or it 
may be a primary disease, as in cerebrospinal menin- 
gitis, m., acute spinal, a form that may occur in 
tuberculosis, as a secondary process in acute infec- 
tious diseases, such as smallpox, scarlatina, pneu- 
monia, as a part of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis, 
as' the result of extension of inflammation from 
neighboring parts, and as the result of exposure to 
cold and wet. The symptoms are chill, fever, 
pain in the back and limbs, rigidity of the muscles, 
dyspnea, exaggerated reflexes, later paralyses, m., 
cerebrospinal, inflammation of the membranes of the 
brain and spinal cord. The symptoms are fever, 
slow pulse, later rapid pulse, headache, delirium, 
rigidity and retraction of the neck, convulsions, 
vomiting, a scaphoid abdomen, constipation, optic 
neuritis; in advanced stages various palsies occur, 
such as ptosis, squint, and facial paralysis. In 
epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis there is usually a 
characteristic eruption. See under exanthem. m., 
chronic cerebral, a form due to syphilis or tubercu- 
losis, or it may be associated with disease of the brain 
in encephalomeningitis (paretic dementia). The 
main symptoms are, in the first two, headache, 
convulsions, and rigidity of the muscles of the neck, 
m., chronic spinal, a variety due to syphilis, trauma- 
tism, and the excessive use of alcohol. It is also 
frequently an accompaniment of the scleroses of the 



MENINGITOPHOBIA 



546 



MENTAL 



spinal cord. The symptoms are pain, hyperesthesia 
along the spinal nerves, increased reflexes, paralyses. 
m., focal, that confined to a very limited area and 
usually due to traumatism or syphilis, m., mechani- 
cal, that due to traumatism, m., occlusive, infantile 
leptomeningitis leading to the occlusion of the fora- 
men of Magendie. m., otitic, that complicating an 
attack of otitis, m., septicemic, that due to an 
infectious process, m., tuberculous, inflammation 
of the pia of the brain with effusion of lymph and 
pus; acute hydrops. 

meningitophobia (men-in-jit-o-fo'-be-ah) [menin- 
gitis; <t>6fios, fear]. A pseudomeningitis due to fear 
of that disease. 

meningium (men-in'-je-um). See arachnoid. 

meningo- (men-in-go-) [meninges]. A prefix mean- 
ing relating to the meninges. 

meningobacterin (men-in-go-bak'-ter-in). Trade 
name of a vaccine for use in the prophylaxis of 
cerebrospinal meningitis. 

meningocele (men-in'-go-sel) [meningo-; K17X17, 
hernia]. A protrusion of the cerebral or spinal 
meninges through a defect in the skull or vertebral 
column. It forms a cyst filled with cerebrospinal 
fluid. 

meningocephalitis (men-in-go-sef-al-i'-tis). See 
meningoencephalitis. 

meningocerebritis (men-in-go-ser-e-bri'-tis). See 
meningoencephalitis. 

meningococcus (men-in-go-kok'-us) [meningo-; coc- 
cus]. A name for the coccus of cerebro-spinal fever. 
See micrococcus inter cellular is meningitidis. 

meningocortical (men-in-go-kor'-tik-al). Relating 
to the meninges and the cortex. 

meningoencephalitis (men-in-go-en-sef-al-i'-tis) . 
Inflammation of the brain and its membranes. 

meningoencephalocele (men-in-go-en-sef '-al-o-sel) 
[meningo-; kyKk<pa\ov, brain; K17X77, hernia]. Hernia 
of the brain and its meninges. 

meningo-encephalomyelitis (men-in-go-en-sef-al-o- 
mi-el-i'-tis). Combined inflammation of the menin- 
ges, brain, and spinal cord. 

meningomalacia (men-in-go-mal-a'-se-ah) [men- 
ingo-; jtxaXa/a'a, softness]. A softening of the cerebral 
or spinal meninges, or other membranes. 

meningomyelitis (men-in-go-mi-el-i'-tis). Inflam- 
mation of the spinal cord and its meninges. 

meningomyelocele (men-in-go-mi' -el-o-sel) . A pro- 
trusion from the spinal column of a portion of the 
cord and membranes. 

meningo-osteophlebitis (men-in-go-os-te-o-fleb-i'-tis) 
[meningo-; barkov, bone; phlebitis]. Periostitis com- 
bined with phlebitis of the veins of the bone. 

meningorrhachidian (men-in-go-rak-id'-e-an) [men- 
ingo-; pdxw. spine]. Relating to the spinal men- 
inges. 

meningorrhea, meningorrhoea (men-in-gor-e'-ah) 
[meningo-; bola, a flow]. Meningeal hemorrhage, or 
extravasation of blood. 

meningorrhagia (men-in-gor-a' -je-ah) [meningo- ; 
b-qyvbvai, to burst forth]. Meningeal hemorrhage. 

meningosis (men-in-go' -sis) [meninges]. The 
union of bones by a membranous attachment. 

meningotyphoid (men-in-go-ti'-foid). Typhoid with 
symptoms of meningitis. 

meninguria (men-in-gu' '-re-ah) [nyviyZ, membrane; 
ovpov, urine]. The passage or presence of mem- 
branous shreds in the urine. 

meninx (men'-ingks) [tivviyZ, membrane; pi., 
meninges]. A membrane, especially one of the 
brain or spinal cord ; the meninges covering the brain 
and spinal cord consist of the dura, pia, and arach- 
noid. 

menischesis (men-is' -ke-sis). See ischomenia. 

meniscitis (men-is-i'-tis) [nrjviaKos, crescent; iris, 
inflammation]. An inflammation of any interarticu- 
lar cartilage, especially of the semilunar cartilages of 
the knee-joint. 

meniscoid (men-is' -koid) [/i^iV/cos, crescent; eI5os, 
like]. Resembling a meniscus; crescent-shaped. 

meniscus (men-is'-kus) [wviaicos, a crescent]. A 
crescent or crescentic body, especially an inter- 
articular fibrocartilage. Also a concavoconvex 
(positive meniscus) or convexoconcave lens (negative 
meniscus), m. lateralis, the external semilunar 
fibrocartilage of the knee-joint, m. medialis, the 
internal semilunar fibrocartilage of the knee-joint. 
m., tactile, a form of nerve-ending with a concave 
surface turned ectad, each concavity containing a 
tactile cell. 



menispermin (men-is-per'-min). A resinoid ob- 
tained from Menispermum canadense; dose about 2 gr. 
(0.125 Gm.). 

menispermum (men-is-per'-mum) [nyvr), moon; 
a-rrkpfxa, seed]. Yellow parilla; Canadian moonseed. 
The rhizome and roots of M. canadense, of the order 
Menispermacece. It is alterative and is used as a 
substitute for sarsaparilla. 

meno- (men-o-) [menses]. A prefix meaning 
relating to the menses. 

menocelis (men-o-se' -lis) [meno-; kijXis, spot]. 
Dark erythematous or hemorrhagic spots occurring 
upon the skin in failure of menstruation. 

menolipsis (men-o-lip'-sis) [meno-; Xetyis, an 
omission]. The retention or absence of the menses. 

menometastasis (men-o-met-as' -tas-is) [meno-; met- 
astasis]. Vicarious menstruation. 

menopad (men'-o-pad) [meno-]. A pad for catching 
the menstrual blood. ^ 

menopause (men'-o-pawz) [meno-; wav&is, cessa- 
tion]. The physiological cessation of menstruation, 
usually occurring between the forty-fifth and fiftieth 
years. Syn., climacteric. 

menophania (men-o-fa'-ne-ah) [meno-; 4>aLveiv, 
to appear]. The first appearance of the menses. 

menoplania (men-o-pla'-ne-ah) [meno-; ir\6.vq, 
deviation]. A discharge of blood occurring at the 
menstrual period, but derived from some other part 
of the body than the uterus. 

menorrhagia (men-or-a'-je-ah) [meno-; fayvvvai, 
to burst forth]. An excessive menstrual flow. 

menorrhea, menorrhoea (men-or-e'-ah) [meno-; 
bola, a flow]. The normal flow of the menses; also, 
excessive menstruation. 

menoschesis (men-os'-kes-is) [meno-; o-x«ns, re- 
tention]. Retention of the menses. 

menosepsis (men-o-sep'-sis) [meno-; o-^is, putrid- 
ity]. A putrid quality of the menses. 

menostasia, menostasis (men-os-ta'-ze-ah, men-os'- 
tas-is) [meno-; araais, standing]. A suppression of 
the menstrual flow. 

menoxenia (men-oks-e'-ne-ah) [meno-; Jew, strange, 
foreign]. Irregularity of menstruation; vicarious 
menstruation. 

mens (menz) [L.: gen., mentis]. Mind. Compos 
mentis, of sound mind. Non compos mentis, of 
unsound mind. 

mensa (men'-sah) [L.]. A table; the upper surface 
of the molars. 

mensalis (men-sa'-lis) . See trapezius under muscle. 

menses (men'-sez) [mensis, a month]. The re- 
current monthly discharge of blood from the genital 
canal of a woman during sexual life. 

menstrua (men'-stroo-ah) [L.: pi., of menstruus, 
monthly]. 1. The menses. 2. Plural of menstruum, 
q. v. m. alba. Synonym of leukorrhea. 

menstrual (men' -stroo-al) [see menstruation]. Per- 
taining to menstruation, m. colic, uterine colic 
due to menstruation. 

menstruant (men'-stroo-ant) [menstruus, monthly]. 
1. Subject to, or capable of, menstruating. 2. One 
who menstruates, or is capable of menstruating. 

menstruate (men' -stroo-at) [menstruare; from men- 
struus, monthly]. To discharge the menstrual 
flow. 

menstruation (men-stroo-a'-shun) [menstruus, 
monthly, from mensis, a month]. A periodic dis- 
charge of a sanguineous fluid from the uterus, oc- 
curring during the period of a woman's sexual ac- 
tivity, from puberty to the menopause, m. supple- 
mentary, a menstrual flow from the uterus and also 
from some other site. m. suppressed, a form of 
amenorrhea in which the patient has formerly men- 
struated, but menstruation now fails to appear, m., 
vicarious, the discharge of blood at the time of 
menstruation from some organ or part other than 
the vagina. 

menstruous (men'-stroo-us) [menstruus, monthly]. 
Having, or pertaining to, the monthly flow. 

menstruum (men'-stroo-um) [menstruus], A solvent. 

mensuration (men-su-ra'-shun) [mensurare, to 
measure]. The act of measuring; one of the methods 
of physical diagnosis. 

mentagra (men-ta'-grah). See sycosis. 

mentagrophyton (men-tag-rof -it-on) [mentagra, sy- 
cosis; <t>vrbv, a plant]. A fungus, Microsporon 
mentagrophytes, thought to be the cause of sycosis. 

mental (men'-tal) 1. [mens, the mind]. Pertaining 
to the mind. 2. [mentum, the chin.] Pertaining to 
the chin. 



MENTALIS 



547 



MERCURY 



mentalis (men-ta'-lis). The levator labii inferioris. 
See muscles, table of. 

mentality (men-taV -it-e) [mens, mind]. Mental 
activity and power; intellect. 

Mentha (men'-thah) [L.]. A genus of labiate 
plants — the mints. M. piperita (U. S. P.), pepper- 
mint, the dried leaves and flowering tops of M. 
piperita. It is an aromatic stimulant, and is used to 
relieve nausea, flatulence, and spasmodic pain in the 
stomach and bowel, menthse piperitae, aqua (U. 
S. P.), peppermint water. Dose indefinite, menthae 
piperita, oleum (U. S. P.), oil of peppermint. Dose 
1-5 min. (0.065-0.32 Cc). menthae piperitae, 
spiritus (U. S. P.), spirit of peppermint. Dose 10- 
30 min. (0.65-2.0 Cc). m. pulegium, pennyroyal. 
m. viridis (U. S. P.), spearmint, the dried leaves and 
flowering tops of M. spicata. Its properties and 
uses are similar to those of M. piperita, menthae 
viridis, aqua (U. S. P.), spearmint water. Dose 
indefinite, menthae viridis, oleum (U. S. P.), x oil of 
spearmint. Dose 2-5 min. (0.13-0.32 Cc). menthae 
viridis, spiritus (U. S. P.), spirit of spearmint. 
Dose 10-40 min. (0.65-2.3 Cc). 

menthene (men'-then) [mentha], CioHis. A liquid 
hydrocarbon produced when menthol is distilled 
with phosphorus pentoxide. 

menthiodol (men-thi'-o-dol). A local application 
for neuralgia made by triturating together four 
parts of menthol heated in a capsule with one part 
of iodine. 

menthoform (men'-tho-form). A combination of 
formaldehyde, glycerol, and menthol. 

menthol (men'-thol) [mentha], C10H19OH. A crys- 
talline stearopten derived from oil of peppermint, 
and used as an anodyne and rubefacient in neuralgia, 
in skin diseases associated with itching, and in rhinitis. 
Syn., mint-camphor, m. valerate, validol. 

mentholeate (men-tho' -le-at) . A solution used in 
skin diseases, consisting of menthol, 200 gr., heated 
with oleic acid, 4 dr. 

mentholin (men' -thol-in) . A proprietary remedy 
for coryza said to consist of menthol, 1 part; pul- 
verized coffee and boric acid, each, 10 parts. 

mentholyptine (men-thol-ip' -ten) . A proprietary 
external antiseptic said to consist of menthol and 
eucalyptol. 

menthophenol (men-tho-fe'-nol). An antiseptic 
fluid obtained by fusing together one part of phenol 
and three parts of menthol. It is used in the treat- 
ment of burns and wounds, and diluted (15 drops to 
a glass of water) as a mouth-wash; also as a local 
anesthetic (3 to 5 % in warm water). 

menthorol (men'-thor-ol). A mixture of para- 
chlorphenol and menthol used in tuberculosis of 
upper air-passages. 

menthoxol (men-thoks'-ol). An antiseptic fluid 
mixture of 3 % solution of hydrogen dioxide, 32 to 
38 % alcohol, and 1 % menthol. It is innocuous and 
deodorizing, and is used in suppurating wounds, 
ozena, etc. 

menthyl (men'-thil), C10H19. The hypothetical 
radical of menthol. m. acetoacetate, CHaC(OH): 
CH . COOC10H19, a bactericide. 

mentoanterior (men-to-an-te'-re-or) [mentum; an- 
terior, before]. Having the chin toward the front. 

mentobregmatic (men-to-breg-mat'-ik) [mentum ; 
bregma]. Extending from the chin to the bregma. 

mentohyoid (men-to-hi'-oid) [mentum; hyoid]. 
Relating to the chin and the hyoid bone. 

mentolabial (men-to-la'-be-al) [mentum, labium, 
lip]. Relating both to the chin and the lip. 

mentoposterior (men-to-pos-te' -re-or) [mentum ; poste- 
rior, after; behind]. Having the chin toward the back. 

mentula (men'-tu-lah) [L.]. The penis. 

mentulagra (men-tu-la'-grah) [mentula, penis; 
d7pa, seizure]. p Painful priapism; chordee. 

mentulomania (men-tu-lo-ma '-ne-ah) . Synonym 
of masturbation. 

mentum (men'-tum) [L.]. The chin. 

Menyanthes (men-e-an'-thez) [p.rjv, month; avdos, 
flower, from its reputed emmenagogue properties]. 
A genus of plants of the Gentianece. M. trifoliata, 
or buckbean, contains a bitter principle, menyanthin 
(C33H50O14), and has been used in malaria, scrofula, 
dropsy, jaundice, rheumatism, etc. Dose of the 
powdered leaves 20-30 gr. (1.3-2.0 Gm.). 

Menzer's serum (ment'-ser) [Arthur August 
Ludwig Menzer, German bacteriologist, 1871- ]. 
An antirheumatic serum prepared from strepto- 
coccus strains derived from rheumatic patients. 



mephitic (mef-it'-ik) [mephiticus, pestilential]. 
Foul or noxious; stifling; noisome, m. air, carbon 
dioxide, m. gangrene, necrosis of bone associated 
with the evolution of offensive odors, m. gas, carbon 
dioxide. 

meralgia (me-ral'-je-ah) [p.rjp6s, thigh; SXyos, pain]. 
Neuralgic pain in the thigh, m. paraesthetica. See 
Bernhardt' s paresthesia. 

meramaurosis (mer-am-aw-ro'-sis) [pkpos, part; 
&navp6et.i>, to darken]. Partial amaurosis. 

meranesthesia (mer-an-es-the'-ze-ah) [p.epos, part; 
anesthesia]. Partial or local anesthesia. 

meratrophy (mer-at'-ro-fe) [pkpos, part; &rpo<pia, 
want of nourishment]. 1. Partial atrophy. 2. 
Atrophy of a limb. 

mercaptal (mer-kap'-tal) [mercury; captans, seiz- 
ing]. A thioacetal; a product of the union of a 
mercaptan and an aldehyde. 

mercaptan (mer-kap'-tan) [mercurius, mercury; 
captans, seizing, on account of combining readily 
with mercury]. A derivative of an alcohol in which 
the oxygen of the latter is replaced by sulphur. 

mercauro (mer-kaw'-ro). A proprietary alterative 
compound of an equal amount of the bromides of 
gold, arsenic, and mercury; it is used in syphilis and 
scrofula. Dose 5-15 min. (0.3-1.0 Cc.) 3 times daily 
after meals. 

Mercier's bar (mer-se-a') [Louis Auguste Mercier, 
French urologist, 1811-1882]. The transverse curved 
ridge joining the openings of the ureters on the inner 
surface of the bladder; it forms the posterior boundary 
of the trigonum vesicae. Syn., bar of the bladder; 
interureteric bar; plica ureterica. M.'s valve, a 
valvular projection that may be formed at the vesi- 
courethral orifice by the hypertrophied internal 
sphincter vesicae. 

mercolint (mer'-ko-lint). A proprietary article 
consisting of canton flannel impregnated with metallic 
mercury very finely divided. 

mercuralgam (mer-ku-raV -gam) . An amalgam of 
mercury, aluminum, and magnesium. It is used as 
a substitute for mercurial ointment. 

mercurette (mer-ku-ref) Trade name of a solid 
preparation consisting of 30 grains of mercury in 
cacoa butter; used for inunction in cases of syphilis. 

mercurial (mer-ku' -re-al) [mercury]. 1. Pertaining 
to or caused by mercury. 2. Any preparation of 
mercury or its salts, m. ointment (unguentum 
hydrargyri, U. S. P.), a salve containing mercury, 
oleate of mercury, suet, and benzoinated lard. m. 
palsy, m. tremor, paralysis or an involuntary spas- 
modic twitching of the voluntary muscles as a result 
of mercurial intoxication, and intensified on volun- 
tary motion, m. plaster. See mercury plaster. 
m. rash, an eczema from the use of mercury. 

mercurialism (mer-ku' -re-al-izm) [mercury]. Pois- 
oning due to absorption of mercury. 

mercurialization (mer-ku-re-al-iz-a'-shun) [mer- 
cury]. The act of bringing under the influence of 
mercury. 

mercuriate (mer-ku' -re-at). A salt of mercury. 

mercuric (mer-ku' -rik) [mercury]. Pertaining to 
mercury as a bivalent element, m. chloride. See 
mercury bichloride. 

mercuricum (mer-ku' -rik-um) [mercury]. Mercury 
when acting as a bivalent radical. 

Mercurio's position (mer-ku' -re-o) [Geronimo 
Scipione Mer curio, Italian obstetrician, 1 550-1595]. 
Same as Walcher's position, q. v. 

mercuriol (mer-ku' -re-ol) . See mercuralgam. 

mercurius (mer-ku' -re-us) [see mercury], m. 
corrosivus, corrosive sublimate, m. dulcis, calomel. 

mercuroiodohemol (mer-ku-ro-i-o-do-hem'-ol). A 
combination of hemol, metallic mercury, and iodine; 
it is used in syphilis. 

mercurol (mer'-ku-rol). A compound of nucleic 
acid and mercury (10 %). It is used in chronic 
ulcers in 2 to 5 % solution; in gonorrhea 0.5 to 2 % 
injection; in syphilis internally. Dose f-i£ gr. 
(0.05-0.1 Gm.) twice daily. Syn., mercury nucleid. 

mercuroseptol (mer-ku-ro-sep'-tol). See mercury 
quinoseptolate. 

mercurosum (mer-ku-ro'-sum) [mercury]. Mercury 
when acting as a univalent radical. 

mercurous (mer'-ku-rus) [mercury]. Pertaining 
to compounds that contain mercury as a univalent 
radical, m. chloride, calomel. See mercury sub- 
chloride. 

mercury (mer'-ku-re) [Mercurius, a Latin divinity, 
the god of traffic]. Symbol Hg; atomic weight 



MERCURY 



548 



MERCURY 



200; quantivalence II. Hydrargyrum. A shining, 
silver-white, liquid, volatile metal, having a specific 
gravity of I3-55- It is insoluble in the ordinary 
solvents, in hydrochloric acid, and in sulphuric acid 
in the cold; it dissolves in the last when boiled with it, 
and is readily soluble in nitric acid. It boils at 
357-25° C, and solidifies at — 39-4° C. Mercury is 
found pure, but is chiefly obtained as the native 
sulphide, or cinnabar. It forms two classes of 
compounds — the mercurous, those in which two 
atoms of the metal, and the mercuric, those in which 
one atom, is combined with a bivalent radical. 
The mercuric salts are more soluble and more poison- 
ous than the mercurous. The uses of mercury and 
its salts are as follows: as a purgative and cholagogue 
(calomel, blue-mass, mercury with chalk), as an 
alterative in chronic inflammations, as an antisyphil- 
itic, an antiphlogistic, an intestinal antiseptic, a 
disinfectant, a parasiticide, a caustic, and an astrin- 
gent. The absorption of mercury in sufficient quan- 
tity causes poisoning, characterized by a coppery 
taste in the mouth, ptyalism, loosening of the teeth, 
sponginess of the gums; in severer cases, ulceration 
of the cheeks, necrosis of the jaws, marked emaci- 
ation; at times neuritis develops, and a peculiar tre- 
mor. The soluble salts when taken in excess act 
as intense gastrointestinal irritants, m. albuminate, 
dry, a compound of albumin with 4 % of mercury 
bichloride; a white powder, soluble in water with 
turbidity. Triturated with milk-sugar it is used 
as an antiseptic dressing for wounds, m. albuminate, 
liquid, a slightly opalescent liquid containing 1 % 
of mercury bichloride; it is used hypodermatically 
in syphilis. Injection 8-15 min. (0.5-1.0 Cc). 
m., ammoniated (hydrargyrum ammoniatum, U. S. 
P.), NtkHgCl, white precipitate; mercuric am- 
monium chloride; it is used chiefly locally, m., 
ammoniated, ointment of (unguentum hydrargyri 
ammoniati, U. S. P.), an ointment made of ammoni- 
ated mercury, white petrolatum, and hydrous wool- 
fat, m. arsenate, 2Hg2HAs04+H20, used in 
syphilis, m. and arsenic iodides, solution of (liquor 
arseni et hydrargyri iodidi, U. S. P.), Donovan's 
solution. Dose 5 min. (0.32 Cc). m. asparaginate, 
Hg(C4H?N203)2, obtained from mercury oxide, and 
a hot aqueous solution of asparagin; it is alterative 
and antiseptic, and is used hypodermatically in 
syphilis. Dose iV~! gr. (0.005-0.01 Gm.) daily. 
m. benzoate, HgtCeHsCOO^+HjO, used in in- 
jection in gonorrhea, m. bichloride (hydrargyri 
chloridum corrosivum, U. S. P.), HgCh, corrosive 
sublimate. Dose as tonic T_hnti> gr. (0.0006-0.001 1 
Gm.); as an antisyphilitic sV-sV gr. (0.001 1-0.003 
Gm.). It is also a valuable antiseptic, m. bichloride, 
peptonized. 1. A yellowish powder containing 10 % 
of mercury bichloride, soluble in water. Dose 
i-i§ gr. (0.032-0.1 Gm.). 2. A clear yellow liquid 
■containing 1 % of mercury bichloride. Used hypo- 
dermatically in syphilis. Dose 15 min. (1 Cc), 
properly diluted, daily, m. biniodide (hydrargyri 
iodidum rubrum, U. S. P.), Hgl2, red iodide of mer- 
■cury. Dose ife-f gr. (0.004-0.016 Gm.). m. borate, 
Hg2B407, a brown antiseptic powder used as a dust- 
ing-powder and ointment (1 : 50) for wounds, m. 
bromide, Hg2Br2, mercurous bromide. Dose 1 gr. 
(0.065 Gm.) daily, m. bromide, mercuric, HgBr2. 
alterative. Dose ig-\ gr. (0.004-0.016 Gm.). m, 
bromide, mercurous, HgBr2, a white powder; altera- 
tive and antiseptic. Dose 1 gr. (0.065 Gm.) in 
divided doses increasing gradually, m. carbolate, 
Hg(C 6 H 5 0)2. Dose |-| gr. (0.02-0.032 Gm.). 
m. with chalk (hydrargyrum cum creta, U. S. P.), 
gray powder. Dose 5 gr-§ dr. (0.32-2.0 Gm.). 
m.-ethylenediamine citrate, a salt of mercury used in 
3 : 1000 solution for disinfection of hands. Syn., 
mercuramin. m., extinguished, a trituration of 
metallic mercury with some fatty substance until no 
globules of the mercury can be discovered with a 
magnifying-glass of low power, m. formamidate, 
Hg(HCONH)2, a solution of formamide and mercury 
oxide; each cubic centimeter corresponds to 0.0 1 
Gm. of mercury bichloride. Injection in syphilis 
16 min. (1 Cc.) daily, m. gallate, HgtCvHsOsH, a 
greenish-black powder containing about 37 % of 
mercury; alterative and antisyphilitic. Dose i|~3 
gr. (0.1-0.2 Gm.) daily in pills, m. iodate, Hg(I0 3 )2, 
used subcutaneously in syphilis. Dose | gr. (0.01 
Gm.). m. iodotannate, used hypodermatically. 
m. mass (massa hydrargyri, U. S. P.), blue-mass; blue 
pill. Dose 3 gr. (0.2 Gm.). m., metallic, mercury 



in its pure state, m. naphtholate, Hg(CioH70) 2 , a 
lemon-colored antiseptic powder containing 30.8 % 
of mercury. Dose 1 gr. (0.065 Gm.). m. nitrate, 
mercuric, Hg(N03)2, a white, deliquescent, poisonous 
powder, soluble in water; alterative and antiseptic 
Dose sVl gr. (0.001-0.008 Gm.). m. nitrate, 
mercurous, normal, Hg2(NOs)2+2H20; antisyphilitic, 
antiseptic, and caustic. Dose 3*5-4 gr. (0.002-0.016 
Gm.); maximum dose £ gr. (0.016 Gm.), single; 

I gr. (0.065 Gm.) daily, m. nitrate, ointment of 
(unguentum hydrargyri nitratis, U. S. P.), citrine 
ointment, is used in chronic skin diseases, m. 
nitrate, solution of (liquor hydrargyri nitratis, U. S. 
P.), contains about 60 % of mercury nitrate, m. 
nucleid. See mercurol. m. ointment. See mercurial 
ointment, m. ointment, dilute (unguentum hydrar- 
gyri dilutum, U. S. P.), blue ointment, m., oleate of 
(oleatum hydrargyri, U. S. P.), contains yellow 
mercury oxide, oleic acid, and water, m. oxide, red 
(hydrargyri oxidum rubrum, U. S. P.), HgO, red 
precipitate, is used locally, m. oxide, red, ointment 
of (unguentum hydrargyri oxidi rubri, U. S. P.), 
ointment of red mercuric oxide, m. oxide, yellow 
(hydrargyri oxidum flavum, U. S. P.), HgO, is used 
locally in eye diseases, m. oxide, yellow, ointment 
of (unguentum hydrargyri oxidi flavi, U. S. P.), 
yellow mercuric oxide ointment, m. oxycyanide, 
HgO . HgCy2, a white, antiseptic powder, soluble 
in water; application for wounds and surgical opera- 
tions, 0.6 % solution, m. paraphenylthionate, Cg- 
H4 . OH . SOsHg, a stable crystalline, noncaustic 
compound used as a substitute for corrosive subli- 
mate. Syn., hydrargyrol. m. peptonate, used hypo- 
dermatically. m. plaster (emplastrum hydrargyri, 
U. S. P.), mercurial plaster, is used to disperse 
indolent swellings, and is applied over the liver in 
chronic hepatitis, m. protiodide (hydrargyri iodidum 
flavum, U. S. P.), Hg2l2, yellow mercurous iodide. 
Dose I gr. (0.033 Gm.) daily, m. quinoseptolate, 
C9H 5 .N.OH.S03Hg-)-2NaCl, a compound of 
quinosol and mercury with sodium chloride. It is 
an odorless mass resembling the yolk of an egg, 
which in water swells into a slimy mass. It is used 
in syphilis. Syn., mercuroseptol. m. resorcinace- 
tate, a yellow, crystalline powder, containing 68.9 % 
of mercury; it is antisyphilitic. Dose for hypo- 
dermatic use 3 min. (0.2 Cc) of a solution of 85 gr. 
(5.6 Gm.) of the salt in 85 gr. (5.6 Gm.) of liquid 
paraffin and 30 gr. (2 Gm.) anhydrous lanolin, once 
a week. m. saccharate, a trituration of 1 part of 
pure mercury and 1 or 2 parts of powdered sugar; 
it is used as a vermifuge, m. salicylate. Dose £ gr. 
(0.01 Gm.). m. silicofiuoride, Hg2SiF6-f-2H20, 
prismatic crystals, soluble in water; it is used as a 
wound antiseptic in solution of 1 : 1000 and as 
ointment in 1 : 2000. m.-sozoiodol, m. sozoiodolate, 
HgC6H2l20 . SO3, a fine powder obtained as a precipi- 
tate from mixing aqueous solutions of sodium sozoi- 
odol and mercury nitrate; it is soluble in 500 parts of 
water and in solution of sodium chloride. It is 
alterative and antiseptic and is used locally (oint- 
ment 3 to 5 %) and subcutaneously in syphilis; 
injection i£ gr. (0.08 Gm.) a dose in solution of 
potassium iodide, m. subchloride (hydrargyri chlori- 
dum mite, U. S. P.), HgiCb, mild mercurous chloride; 
calomel. Dose as alterative |-i gr. (0.032-0.065 
Gm.); as sedative to stomach and bowels §-£ gr. 
(0.008-0.016 Gm.); as purgative \-% gr. (0.016- 
0.032 Gm.) every hour; or 5-15 gr. (0.32-1.0 Gm.); 
added to lime-water, 1 dr. to 1 pint, it forms lotio 
nigra, or black-wash. m. subsulphate, Hg(HgO)2S04 
basic mercuric sulphate; turpeth mineral. Dose as 
an emetic 2-5 gr. (0.13-0.32 Gm.). m. succinimide, 
Hg(C4HtN02)2, soluble in 25 parts of water, slightly 
soluble in alcohol; it is recommended as a hypo- 
dermatic antisyphilitic (1.3 : 100). Dose | gr. 
(0.013 Gm.). m. sulphide, red, cinnabar, vermilion, 
is used only by fumigation, m. sulphoicnthyolicum, 
Unna's mixture of sodium sulphoichthyolate, 10 
parts, corrosive sublimate, 3 parts, m. suppositories 
(suppositoria hydrargyri, B. P.), each contains 5 gr. 
of mercurial ointment, m. tannate. Dose 3 gr. 
(0.2 Gm.) dailv. m. thymolacetate, HgCioHi3- 
O.C2H 3 2 -|-Hg(C2H302)2, used in tuberculosis, 
syphilis, etc., by intramuscular injection. Dose 

I I gr. (0.1 Gm.) every 3 to 5 days in liquid paraffin 
or glycerol, m. thymolate, a basic salt variable in 
its composition; it is used in syphilis as is mercury 
thymolacetate. m. thymolsulphate, OoHisOHg2S04, 
a white, insoluble powder. It is used hypoder- 



MERD 



549 



MESENTERITIS 



matically in syphilis. Dose ^-^ gr. (0.005-0.01 
Gm.). m. tribromophenolacetate, employed sub- 
cutaneously in syphilis, tuberculosis, etc. Dose 
5 gr. (0.32 Gm.), dissolved in liquid paraffin once a 
week. m. and zinc cyanide, Zn4Hg(CN)io, is used 
locally as an antiseptic. 

merd [merda, feces]. Feces, m. diaboli, asafetida. 

meremphraxis (mer-em-fraks'-is) [jikpos, part; 
en<ppa£is, stoppage]. Partial obstruction. 

mergal (mer'-gal). Trade name of a mixture con- 
sisting of albumin tannate and mercuric cholate. 

meridian (mer-id'-e-an) [meridies, midday]. A 
great circle surrounding a sphere and intersecting 
the poles, m. of the eye, a line drawn around the 
globe of the eye and passing through the poles of the 
vertical axis (vertical meridian), or through the 
poles of the transverse axis (horizontal meridian). 

meridional (mer-id' -e-on-al) [meridies, midday]. 
Relating toa meridian. 

meridrosis (mer-id-ro'-sis) [pepos, part; iSpws, 
sweat]. Local perspiration. 

merismopedia (mer-is-mo-pe'-de-ah) [pepto-pos, di- 
vision; 7rcus, child]. A genus of bacteria multiplying 
by two rectangular divisions, thus forming a tablet- 
like group of four cells in one plane. 

merispore (mer'-is-por) [nkpos, a part; o-iropa, seed]. 
A spore resulting from division of another spore. 

merista (mer-is'-tah). See merismopedia. 

meristem (mer'-is-tem) [pepto-ros, verbal adj. of 
nepL?eiv, to divide]. In biology, the actively growing, 
undifferentiated cell-tissue of the growing tips of 
plants; the formative tissue of the cambium layer. 

meristiform (mer-is'-te-form). Having the shape 
of merismopedia; sarcinic. 

Merkel's corpuscles (mer'-kel) [Karl Ludwig 
Merkel, German anatomist, 1812-1876]. See Gran- 
dry's corpuscles. M.'s line, an imaginary line 
extending from the middle of the internal palpebral 
ligament to the space between the last bicuspid and 
first molar teeth, and indicating the course of the 
lacrimal sac and nasal duct. M.'s muscle, the 
keratocricoid muscle. 

merlusan (mer'-lu-san). A mercury-albumen com- 
pound, used in syphilis, and in gonorrhea. 

mero- (me-ro-) [jikpos, a part]. A prefix meaning 
part. 

meroacrania (mer-o-ak-ra'-ne-ah) [mero-; a, neg.; 
Kpaviov, skull]. Congenital absence of a part of the 
cranium. 

meroblast (mer'-o-blast) [pepos, a part; P\o.o-t6s, 
a germ]. In embryology, an ovum that contains 
beside the formative protoplasm or yolk, more of less 
food-yolk or nutritive protoplasm. 

meroblastic (mer-o-blas'-tik) [mero-; 0\cl<tt6s, a 
germ]. Dividing only in part, as meroblastic ova, 
those in which the process of segmentation is con- 
fined to one portion of the ovum. 

merocele (mer'-o-sel) [p.rip6s, thigh; /07X77, hernia]. 
Femoral hernia. 

merocoxalgia (mer-o-koks-al'-je-ah) [pi/pos, thigh; 
coxa, hip; &X70S, pain]. Pain affecting the thigh and 
hip. 

merocrania (mer-o-kra'-ne-ah) [mero-; Kpaviov, 
the skull]. A condition of monstrosity marked by 
absence of part of the skull. 

merocrine (mer'-o-kren) [mero-; Kplveiv, to separate]. 
Applied to glands the cells of which, having elabor- 
ated materials of secretion, evacuate them and 
continue alternately to secrete and evacuate new 
material. Cf. holocrine. 

merodialysis (mer-o-di-al'-is-is) [mero-; SidXveus, 
separation]. Partial decomposition. 

merodiastolic (mer-o-di-as-tol'-ik) [mero-; diastole]. 
Relating to a part of the diastole. 

merogastrula (mer-o-gas'-troo-lah) [mero-; yaa-T-qp, 
belly: pi., merogastrula]. In biology, the gastrula 
of a meroblastic ovum. 

merogenesis (mer-o-jen'-es-is) [mero-; ykveais, 
generation]. Reproduction by segmentation. 

merology (mer-ol'-o-je) [mero-; \6yos, science]. 
General anatomy; the science of elementary tissues. 

meropia (mer-o'-pe-ah) [mero-; «^, sight]. Partial 
blindness; obscuration of vision. 

merorrhachischisis (mer-or-rak-is'-kis-is) [mero-; 
pdx«, the spine; o-xl<ns, fissure]. Partial rachischisis. 

meros (me'-ros) [p.kpos, a part]. 1. A part. 2. 
[pripbs, thigh]. The thigh or femur. 

merosome (mer'-o-som) [mero-; o-a>p.a, body]. 
In biology, one of the serial parts of a segmented 
organism ; a somite or metamere. 



merosystolic (mer-o-sis-tol'-ik) [mero-; owtoXi^, 
systole]. Relating to a part of the systole. 

merotomy (mer-ot'-o-me) [mero-; Top.ii, a cutting]. 
The section of a living cell for the study of the 
ulterior transformation of the segments; by extension 
it is also applied to experimental division of amoeba?, 
etc. 

merozoite (mer-o-zo'-lt) [mero-; £2>ov, an animal]. 
Any one of the segments resulting from the splitting 
up of the schizont in the asexual form of reproduction 
of protozoa. 

Merseburg triad (mers'-berg) [Merseburg, a town 
in Germany]. The three classical symptoms of 
exophthalmic goiter: the goiter, exophthalmos, and 
rapid heart beat. 

Merulius (mer-u'-le-us) [merus, bright, glistening]. 
A genus of fungi of the order Basidiomycetes. The 
mycelium of M. lacrymans, causes dry rot in timber, 
and diseases (sometimes fatal) of the respiratory 
passages are attributed to the inhaled spores. 

Mery's glands (ma-re') [Jean Mery, French anato- 
mist, 1645-1722]. See Cowper's glands. 

merycic (mer-is'-ik) [merycism]. Relating to 
merycism; ruminating. 

merycism (mer'-is-izm) [pripvKiapos, rumination]. 
Rumination; chewing the cud — a normal process in 
the ruminating animals, and sometimes occurring in 
man. 

merycole (mer'-ik-6V) . An individual who practises 
merycism. 

me sad (mes'-ad) [p.eaos, middle; ad, to]. Toward 
the median line or plane. 

mesal (mes'-al) [p.i<ros, middle]. Pertaining to 
or situated in the middle line or plane. 

mesameboid (mes-am-e'-boid) [peaos, middle; 
ameboid]. 1. A nonepithelial ameboid cell derived 
from the mesoderm. 2. A leukocyte. 

mesaortitis (mes-a-or-ti'-tis) [pecros, middle; aortitis]. 
Inflammation of the middle coat of the aorta. 

mesaraic (mes-ar-a'-ik) [jxkaos, middle; dpcud, belly]. 
Mesenteric.^ 

mesarteritis (mes-ar-ter-i'-tis) [pkaos, middle; arteri- 
tis]. Inflammation of the middle coat of an artery. 

mesaticephalic (mes-at-e-sef-al'-ik). With a ceph- 
alic index between 75 and 79. 

mesaticephalus (mes-at-e-sef -al-us) [peo-aros, medi- 
an; Ke<t>a\ri, head]. In craniometry, a term applied 
to a skull having a cephalic index of between 75 
and 79- 

mesatipelvic (mes-at-ip-el'-vik) [jiko-aros, median; 
pelvis]. A term applied to a pelvis whose index 
ranges between 90 and 95°. 

mescal buttons. The dried tubercles from a species 
of cactus, Anhalonium lewinii, capable of producing 
inebriation and hallucinations. 

mescaline (mes'-kal-en). An alkaloid from mescal 
buttons. 

mesembryo (mes-em'-bre-o) [meso-; embryo]. The 
blastula stage of the ova of metazoans. 

mesencephal (mes-en'-sef-al). Same as mesen- 
cephalon. 

mesencephalic (mes-en-sef-al'-ik) [meso- ; eyKe<pa\oi>, 
the brain]. Relating to the mesencephalon. 

mesencephalon (mes-en-sef'-al-on) \jxkaos, middle; 
encephalon]. The midbrain; that part of the brain 
developed from the middle cerebral vesicle; the 
corpora quadrigemina, the crura cerebri, and the 
aqueduct of Sylvius. 

mesenchyma (mes-eng'-kim-ah) [pkaos, middle; 
lyxvp-a, an infusion]. The portion of the mesoderm 
that produces all the connective tissues of the body, 
the blood-vessels, and the blood, the entire lymphatic 
system proper, and the heart; the nonepithelial 
portions of the mesoderm. 

mesenna (mes-en'-ah) . The bark of the Abyssinian 
tree Albizzia anthelmintic a ; it is said to be a powerful 
teniafuge. 

mesenteric (mes-en-ter'-ik) [mesentery]. Pertaining 
to the mesentery. 

mesentericomesocolic (mes-en-ter-ik-o-mes-o-koV- 
ik). Relating to the mesentery and the mesocolon. 

mesenteriolum (mes-en-ter-e-o'-lum) [dim. of mesen- 
tery]. A little mesentery; especially the fold of 
peritoneum that sometimes connects the vermiform 
appendix with the mesentery. 

mesenteritic (mes-en-ter-it'-ik) [mesentery; ins, 
inflammation]. Pertaining to or affected with mes- 
enteritis. 

mesenteritis (mes-en-ter-i'-tis) [mesentery; ins, 
inflammation]. Inflammation of the mesentery. 



MESENTERIUM 



550 



MESOPEXY 



mesenterium (mes-en-ter'-e-um) [L.: pi., mesen- 
terial. A mesentery. 

mesenteroid (mes-en' -ter-oid) [mesentery; elSos, like]. 
Resembling the mesentery. 

mesenteron (mes-en' -ter-on) [mesentery]. The 
middle portion of the primitive digestive tube, lined 
by entoderm, and giving rise to the part of the 
alimentary tract between the pharynx and the lower 
third of the rectum. 

mesentery (mes'-en-ter-e) ukaos, middle; evrepov, 
bowel]. A fold of the peritoneum that connects 
the intestine with the posterior abdominal wall; 
that of the small intestine is termed mesentery 
proper; that of the colon, cecum, and rectum, meso- 
colon, mesocecum, mesorectum, respectively. 

mesentoderm, mesendoderm (mes-en'-to-derm, mes- 
en' -do-derm) \meso-; kvrbs, within; Sepua, skin]. The 
ental or entodermal division of the mesoderm; also, 
the indifferent tissue from which both entoderm and 
mesoderm are developed. 

mesethmoid (mes-eth' -moid) [meso-; ethmoid]. 
The mesal element of the ethmoid bone, forming a 
separate bone in some of the lower animals. 

mesh. A network, as of vessels or nerves. 

mesiad (mes'-e-ad). Same as mesad. 

mesial (mes'-e-al). Same as mesal. 

mesiobuccal (mes-e-o-buk'-al) [mesial; bucca, 
cheek]. Pertaining to surfaces between the mesial 
and buccal aspects of the teeth. 

mesiolingual (mes-e-o-lin'-gwal) [mesial; lingua, 
tongue]. Relating to surfaces between the mesial 
and lingual aspects of the teeth. 

mesion (mes'-e-on). See meson. 

mesiris (mes-i'-ris) [meso-; iris]. The middle 
layer of the iris, lying between the ectiris and the 
entiris. 

mesmeric (mes-mer'-ik) [mesmerism]. Pertaining 
to or induced by mesmerism, as mesmeric sleep. 

Mesmerism (mes'-mer-izm) [Friedrich Anton 
Mesmer, German physician, 1734-1815]. Hypno- 
tism. 

meso- (mes-o-) [ukaos, middle]. A prefix signi- 
fying middle or pertaining to the mesentery. 

mesoappendix (mes-o-ap-en'-diks) [meso-; appen- 
dix]. The mesentery of the vermiform appendix. 

mesoarium (mes-o-a' -re-um) [meso-; coapiov, dim. 
of u>ov, egg; pi., mesoaria]. In biology, that fold of 
the peritoneum in certain animals (e. g., fishes) 
which forms the mesentery of the ovary. See 
mesovarium. 

mesobacteria (mes-o-bak-te'-re-ak) . Medium-sized 
bacteria. 

mesoblast (mes'-o-blast) [meso-; pXaaros, a germ]. 
The middle layer of the blastoderm, probably derived 
from both the ectoderm and the entoderm, and 
giving rise to the vascular, muscular, and skeletal 
systems, the generative glands, and the kidneys. 

mesoblastic (mes-o-blas'-tik) [meso-; pXacrros, 
sprout]. Pertaining to the mesoblast. 

mesobronchitis (mes-o-bron-ki'-tis) [meso- ; Ppoyxos, 
bronchus; it«, inflammation]. An inflammation of 
the middle coat of the bronchial tubes. 

mesocardia (mes-o-kar'-de-ah) [meso-; napbla., 
heart]. The position of the heart in the central and 
anterior part of the chest, a situation that is normal 
at an early stage of development. 

mesocardium (mes-o-kar' -de-um) [meso-; Kap8ia, 
heart]. A mesoblastic fold attached to the heart. 

mesocecum, mesocaecum (meso-se'-kum) [meso-; 
cecum]. The mesentery that in some cases connects 
the cecum with the right iliac fossa. 

mesocele (mes'-o-sel) [meso-; KoiXia, a cavity]. 
The aqueduct of Sylvius. Syn., iter a tertio ad 
quartum ventriculum. 

mesocephalon (mes-o-sef-al-on). See pons Varolii. 

mesochoroidea (mes-o-ko-roid'-e-ah) [meso-; cho- 
roid]. The middle coat of the choroid. 

mesococcus (mes-o-kok'-us). A coccus inter- 
mediate in size between a micrococcus and a mega- 
coccus. 

mesocolic (mes-o-kol'-ik) [mesocolon]. Pertaining 
to the mesocolon, m. band, a longitudinal muscular 
band corresponding to the insertion of the mesocolon. 

mesocolon (mes-o-ko'-lon) [meso-; k6\ov, colon]. 
The mesentery connecting the colon with the pos- 
terior abdominal wall. It is divided into ascending, 
descending, and transverse portions. 

mesocolopexy (mes-o-ko' '-lo-peks-e) [mesocolon ; 
irvbs, fixation]. Same as mesocoloplication. 

me socolo plication (mes-o-ko-lo-pli-ka' -shun) [meso- 



colon; plication]. An operation for shortening the 
mesocolon, which is accomplished by folding and 
suturing it. 

mesocord (mes'-o-kord) [meso-; chorda, cord]. 
An umbilical cord not inserted directly into the 
placenta, but received into a fold of the amnion. 

mesocornea (mes-o-kor'-ne-ah) [meso-; cornea]. 
The proper substance of the cornea lying between 
the ectocornea and the entocornea. 

mesocranium (mes-o-kra'-ne-um). The vertex of 
the skull. 

mesocuneiform (mes-o-ku'-ne-if-orm) [meso-; cunei- 
form]. The middle cuneiform bone of the tarsus. 

mesocyst (mes'-o-sist) [meso-; kvo-tls, bladder]. 
A double fold of peritoneum attaching the gall- 
bladder to the liver. 

mesoderm (mes'-o-derm). See mesoblast. 

mesodiastolic (mes-o-di-as-tol'-ik) [meso-; diastole]. 
Occurring in the middle of the diastolic period. 

mesodme (mes-od'-me). See mediastinum. 

mesodmitis (mes-od-mi'-tis). See mediastinitis. 

mesoduodenum (mes-o-du-o-de'-num) [meso-; duo- 
denum]. That part of the mesentery that sometimes 
connects the duodenum with the posterior wall of 
the abdominal cavity. Normally, the true duodenum 
has no mesentery, at least in its fully developed state. 

mesoepididymis (mes-o-ep-id-id'-im-is) [meso-; epi- 
didymis]. The fold of the tunica vaginalis attaching 
the epididymis to the upper posterior part of the 
testis. 

mesogaster (mes-o-gas'-ter) [see mesogastrium]. 
The part of the primitive gut giving rise to the 
duodenum, the liver, the pancreas, the jejunum, and 
the ileum. 

mesogastric (mes-o-gas'-lrik) [see mesogastrium]. 
Pertaining to the umbilical region. 

mesogastrium (mes-o-gas'-tre-um) [meso-; yaarr\p, 
stomach]. 1. The umbilical region of the abdomen. 
2. A fold of mesentery that in early fetal life con- 
nects the stomach with the posterior abdominal wall. 

mesogluteus (mes-o-gloo-te'-us) [meso-; y\ovr6s, the 
buttock]. The middle gluteal muscle. 

mesognathic (mes-og-na'-thik) [see mesognathion]. 
1. Relating to the mesognathion. 2. See under 
index, alveolar. 

mesognathion (mes-og-na'-the-on) [meso-; yvados, 
jaw]. The intermaxillary bone; a fetal bone lying 
behind the fore part of the superior maxilla, with 
which it becomes fused. 

mesognathous (mes-og' -na-thus) [meso-; yvaBos, 
jaw]. Having a gnathic index between 98 and 103 . 

Mesogonimus (mes-o- gon'-im-us). A genus of 
flukes, same as Paragonimus. 

mesoileum (mes-o-iV -e-um) . The mesentery of 
the ileum. 

mesojejunum (mes-o-je-joo'-num). The mesentery 
attached to the jejunum. 

mesolepidoma (mes-o-lep-id-o'-mah). See under 
lepidoma. 

mesolobe, mesolobus (mes'-o-lob, mes-ol'-o-bus) 
[meso-; Xo/36s, lobe]. The corpus callosum. 

mesologic (mes-o-loj'-ik) [meso-; \6yos, science]. 
Pertaining to environment in its relation to life. 

mesometritis (mes-o-me-tri'-tis) [meso-; fivrpa, 
womb; wis, inflammation]. Inflammation of the 
parenchyma of the womb. 

mesometrium (mes-o-me' '-tre-um) ' [meso- ; mrpa., 
womb]. The broad ligaments. 

meson (mes'-on) [nko-os, the middle]. The im- 
aginary plane dividing the body into the right and 
left halves. 

mesonasal (mes-o-na'-sal) [meso-; nasus, nose]. 
Pertaining to the median region of the nose. 

mesonephric (mes-o-nef'-rik) [meso-; v&j>pbs, kid- 
ney]. Pertaining to the mesonephron. 

mesonephron, mesonephros (mes-o-nef'-ron, mes- 
o-nef'-ros) [meso-; vt(j>pbs, kidney]. 1. The Wolffian 
body, the middle division of the segmental organs. 
It precedes in the embryo the development of the 
permanent kidney. 2. A fold of peritoneum by 
which a floating kidney is attached to the abdominal 
wall. 

mesoneuritis (mes-o-nu-ri'-tis) [meso-; neuritis]. 
Inflammation of the structures contained between a - 
nerve and its sheath, m. nodular, a form in which 
there are nodular thickenings on the nerve. 

meso-omentum (mes-o-o-men'-tum). The mesentery 
of the omentum. 

mesopexy (mes'-o-peks-e) [meso-; tttj^is, a folding]. 
The operation of shortening an elongated mesentery. 



MESOPHILIC 



551 



METACHYSIS 



mesophilic (mes-o-fil'-ik) [meso-; <j>LXelv, to love]. 
Applied to microorganisms which develop best at 
about body-temperature — 35°-38° C. 

mesophlebion, mesophlebium (mes-o-fleb'-e-on, mes- 
o-fleb'-e-um) [meso-; 4>X&p, vein], i. The middle 
coat of a vein. 2. The space between two veins. 

mesophlebitis (mes-o-fle-bi'-tis) [meso-; <j>Xbp, 
vein; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the mid- 
dle coat of a vein, or mesophlebion. 

mesophryon (mes-of'-re-on) [meso-; 6<i>pvs, eye- 
brow]. The glabella. 

mesopleura {mes-o-ploo'-rah) [meso-; irXevpa, rib]. 
An intercostal space. 

mesopneumon (mes-o-nu'-mon) [meso-; irvevyMv, 
lung]. The fold of the pleura attached to the lung. 

mesopsyche (mes-op-si'-ke) [meso-; ij/vxv, soul]. 
Haeckel's term for the mesencephalon. 

mesorchium (mes-or'-ke-um) [meso-; opx^, testicle]. 
A fold of the peritoneum containing the fetal testes 
at about the fifth month of embryonic life. 

mesorectum (mes-o-rek'-tum) [meso-; rectum]. The 
narrow fold of the peritoneum connecting the upper 
part of the rectum with the sacrum. 

mesoretina (mes-o-ret'-in-ah) [meso-; retina]. The 
middle layer of the retina, composed of the nuclear 
and the rod-and-cone layer. 

mesoropter (mes-o-rop'-ter) [meso-; 6pos, boundary; 
ottttip, one who sees] . The normal position of the eyes 
when their muscles are at rest, m., muscular, the 
angle formed by the visual axes of the eyes when 
the external ocular muscles are at rest. 

mesorrhachischisis (mes-o-rak-is'-kis-is) . Partial 
rhachischisis ; incomplete cleft of the spinal cord. 

mesorrhine {mes'-or-in) [meso-; pis, nose]. Having 
a nasal index between 48 and 52 . 

mesosalpinx (mes-o-sal'-pingks) [meso-; aaXinyt, 
a trumpet]. The upper part of the broad ligament 
which surrounds the Fallopian tube. 

mesoscapula (mes-o-skap'-u-lah) [meso-; scapula, 
shoulder-blade]. The scapular spine. 

mesoseme (mes'-o-sem) [meso-; <rr)na, sign]. 
With an orbital index of 84°-8o°. 

mesosigmoid (mes-o-sig'-moid) [meso-; sigmoid]. 
The mesentery of the sigmoid flexure of the colon. 

mesostaphyline (mes-o-staf'-il-in) [meso-; otcnjSuXt?, 
the uvula, when swollen]. A skull with a palatal 
index of from 8o° to 85°. 

mesostate (mes'-o-stat) [meso-; crraros, placed]. 
A generic term for the intermediate substances formed 
in metabolic processes. 

mesosternum (mes-o-ster'-num) [meso-; sternum]. 
The gladiolus, or second piece of the sternum. 

mesosystolic (mes-o-sis-tol'-ik) [meso-; systole]. 
Relating to the middle of the systole. 

mesotan (mes'-o-lan). The methyloxymethylester 
of salicylic acid; used in treatment of rheumatism 
by dermal absorption. Application 1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc.) 
mixed with olive-oil or castor-oil. 

mesotendon (mes-o-ten'-don) [meso-; tendon]. 
Folds of synovial membrane extending to tendons 
from their fibrous sheaths. 

mesothelioma (mes-o-the-le-o'-mah) [meso^; #77X77, 
nipple; 5fia, a tumor]. A variety of epithelioma 
supposed to be developed from the mesoblast. 

mesothelium (mes-o-the' -le-um) [meso-; #77X77, the 
nipple]. The lining of the wall of the primitive body- 
cavity situated between the somatopleure and 
splanchnopleure. It is the precursor of the endo- 
thelium. 

mesothenar (mes-o-the' -nar) [meso-; dkvap, palm]. 
The muscle drawing the thumb toward the palm of 
the hand; the adductor pollicis. 

mesosthenic (mes-o-sthen'-ik) [meso-; adkvos, 
strength]. Having a moderate degree of muscular 
force. 

mesothermal (mes-o-ther'-mal) [meso-; depprj, heat]. 
Of medium warmth. 

mesothorium (mes'-o-thor-e-um). A product re- 
sulting from the disintegration of thorium, it is 
intermediate between radiothorium and thorium. 

mesotropic (mes-o-trop'-ik) [meso-; rpeireiv, to turn]. 
Turned or situated mesad. 

mesovarium (mes-o-va' -re-um) [meso-; ovarium, 
ovary]. A peritoneal fold connecting the ovary and 
the broad ligament; in the embryo with the Wolffian 
body. 

mesoventral (mes-o-ven'-tral) [meso-; venter, belly]. 
Both median and ventral. 

mesoxalylurea (mes-oks-al-il-u'-re-ah). Same as 
alloxan. 



mesozoa (mes-o-zo'-ah) [meso-; %&ov, animal]. A 
class of animals intermediate between the protozoa 
and the metazoa. 

Mesua (mes'-u-ah) [J. Musuah, Arabian physician]. 
A genus of guttiferous trees. M. ferrea, an Indian 
tree of the order Guttiferce. An attar is distilled from 
the flowers, and the oil of the seeds is used in rheuma- 
tism. 

mesuranic (mes-u-ran'-ik) [meso-; ovpavlanos, the 
roof of the mouth]. See mesostaphyline. 

meta- (met'-ah-) [nera, over, among, beyond, after, 
or between]. 1. A prefix signifying over, beyond, 
among, between, change, or transformation. 2. In 
chemistry, a prefix denoting unsymmetrical deriva- 
tives of the benzene ring. 

meta-amidophenylparamethoxyquinolin (met-ah- 
am-id-o-fen-il-par-ah-meth-oks-e-kwin'-ol-in) . An an- 
tiperiodic and antipyretic drug used instead' of 
quinine. Dose 4-8 gr. (0.26—0.52 Gm.). 

metabasis (met-ab'-as-is) [meta-; Paivew, to go]. 
Change. 

metabiosis (met-ah-bi-o'-sis) [meta-; (ilos, life]. 
A form of symbiosis, in which only one of the or- 
ganisms is benefited; the other may remain unin- 
fluenced or injured. 

metabolic (met-ah-bol'-ik) [metabolism]. Pertaining 
to metabolism, m. equilibrium, the equality be- 
tween the absorption and assimilation of food and 
the excretion of end-products. 

metabolin (met-ab'-o-lin) [peTaPoX-h, change]. A 
product of metabolism; a metabolite or mesostate. 

metabolism (met-ab'-o-lizm) [jierafioXr), change]. 
The group of phenomena whereby organic beings 
transform food-stuffs into complex tissue-elements 
(constructive metabolism, assimilation, anabolism) and 
convert complex substances into simple ones in the 
production of energy (destructive metabolism, disassimi- 
lation, katabolism). 

metabolite (met-ab'-o-lit) [see metabolism]. A 
product of metabolic change. 

metabolize (met-ab'-o-liz) [fierafioX-n, change]. To 
transform by means of metabolism. 

metabolon (met-ab' -o-lon) [metabolism]. A purely 
transitory form of matter found in emanations from 
certain radioactive substances. 

metacarpal (met-ah-kar'-pal) [metacarpus]. Per- 
taining to the metacarpus, or to a bone of the meta- 
carpus. 

metacarpen (met-ak-ar' -pen) . Belonging to the 
metacarpus in itself. 

metacarpophalangeal (met-ah-kar-po-fa-lan'-je-al) 
[metacarpus; phalanges]. Belonging to the meta- 
carpus and the phalanges. 

metacarpus (met-ah-kar'-pus) [meta-; icapiros, wrist]. 
That part of the hand between the carpus and the 
phalanges and consisting of five bones. 

metacasein reaction. The coagulation of milk on 
boiling, after treatment with pancreatic extracts. 

metacele, metacoele, metacelia (met'-as-el, met-as- 
e'-le-ah) [meta-; koiXIo., cavity]. The caudal or 
metencephalic portion of the fourth ventricle. 

metacetone (met-as'-et-on). Diethyl-ketone. 

metacheirisis, metacheirismus (met-ak-i'-ris-is, 
met-ak-i-riz' -mus) [meta-; x«tp, hand]. Manipulation 
in the treatment of disease. 

metachloral (met-ak-lo'-ral). A tasteless, poly- 
meric form of chloral, said to have properties not 
unlike those of chloral hydrate. 

metachoresis (met-ak-o' -res-is) [meta-; x&p-qcns, 
a going]. Metastasis; dislocation. 

metachromasia (met-ak-ro-ma'-ze-ah) [meta- ; xp«Ma. 
color]. The chemico-chromatic changes induced in 
cells by the staining substances employed in histo- 
logical technique. 

metachromatic (met-ah-kro-mat'-ik) [meta-; xp^Ma, 
color]. Relating to a change of colors; staining with 
a different shade than that of the other tissues, as 
the mast-cell granules with basic anilin dyes. m. 
bodies, small granules in bacterial cells staining differ- 
ently from the surrounding cytoplasm. 

metachromatism (met-ah-kro'-mat-izm) [see meta- 
chromatic]. The quality of being different in color 
from other parts. 

metachrosis (met-ak-ro'-sis) [meta-; xpwfei*', to 
tinge, to stain]. In biology, applied to the change 
or play of colors seen in the squid, chameleon, and 
other animals. 

metachysis (met-ak'-is-is) [meta-; \ixns, effusion]. 
The transfusion of blood. Also the introduction 
of any substance into the blood by mechanical means. 



METACINESIS 



552 



METAPLASTIC 



metacinesis (met-ah-sin-e'-sis) . See metakinesis. 

metacism (met'-as-izm) [nvraKia/xos, from ixv, 
letter m]. Repetition of the letter m. 

metacondyle {met-ah-kon'-dil) [meta-; kovSvKos, 
knuckle]. The distal phalanx of a finger, or the bone 
thereof. 

metacone (met'-ak-on) [meta-; kqvos, cone]. The 
outer posterior cusp of an upper molar tooth. 

metaconid (met-ak-o'-nid) [metacone]. The inner- 
anterior cusp of a lower molar tooth. 

metaconule (met-ak-o'-nill) [metacone]. The pos- 
terior intermediate cusp of an upper molar tooth. 

metacresol (met-ah-kre'-sol) [meta-; cresol], C7H8O2. 
A liquid derivative of coal-tar, used as an antiseptic 
and disinfectant. It is stronger than phenol and 
less toxic. Dose 1-3 min. (0.06-0.2 Cc). Applied 
in 0.5 % solution, m.-anitol, a 40 % solution of 
metacresol in anitol; recommended as an application 
in erysipelas, m. bismuth, BKCtHtOK an anti- 
septic and astringent used in dysentery, m.-cin- 
namic-ester, an antituberculous compound of meta- 
cresol, 25 parts; cinnamic acid, 35 parts; dissolved 
in toluol and heated with phosphorus oxychloride, 
20 parts. 

metacyesis (met-as-i-e'-sis) [meta-; kwjo-w, gesta- 
tion]. Extra-uterine gestation, especially that 
which is begun in the oviduct and continued in the 
abdominal cavity. 

metadermatosis (met-ad-er-mat-o'-sis) [meta- ; hkpp.a, 
skin; voaos, disease]. A pathological production of 
epidermis. 

metadiiodanilin (met-ah-di-i-od-an'-il-in). See di- 
iodoanilin. 

metadiphtheritic (met-ah-dif-ther-it'-ik). Accom- 
panying diphtheria. 

metadrasis (met-ad-ra'-sis) [meta-; 8pa<ns, exertion]. 
Overwork of body or mind. 

metaelements (met-ah-eV -e-ments) . A hypotheti- 
cal group of elemental substances intermediate be- 
tween the elements as now known to us and 
protyl. 

metafacial (met-af-a'-shal) [meta-; fades, face]. 
Posterior to the face. 

metagaster (met-ah-gas'-ter) [meta-; yaar-fip, belly]. 
The permanent intestinal canal, succeeding the 
primitive canal, or protogaster. 

metagastrula (met-ah-gas'-iroo-lah) [see metagaster]. 
A modification of segmentation, producing a form 
of gastrula differing from the simple gastrula of the 
amphioxus. 

metagenesis (met-ah-jen'-es-is). See generation, 
alternate. 

metagrippal (met-ah-grip'-al). Occurring as a 
consequence of influenza; postgrippal. 

metaicteric (met-ah-ik'-ter-ik). Occurring as a 
consequence of jaundice; posticteric. 

metakinesis (met-ah-kin-e'-sis) [meta-; K.Lvr)<ns, 
movement; change]. The term applied to that 
stage of cell-division in which the secondary threads 
or loops tend to pass toward the two poles of the 
nuclear spindle. 

metal (met'-al) [ukraXXov, a metal]. An elementary 
substance characterized by malleability, ductility, 
fusibility, luster, its electric affinities, and the basic 
character of its oxides, m., D'Arcet's. See D'Arcet's 
metal. 

metalbumin (met-al-bu'-min) . See paralbumin. 

metaldehyde (met-aV -de-hid), C6H12O3. White 
needles, obtained from aldehyde by action of hydro- 
chloric or sulphuric acid at a temperature below o° C. 
It is sedative and hypnotic. Dose 2-8 gr. (0.13-0.52 
Gm.). 

metalepsy (met'-al-ep-se) [per a\ij\p is, participation]. 
In chemistry, change or variation produced by the 
displacement of an element of radical in a compound 
by its chemical equivalent. It is the same as sub- 
stitution, q.v. 

metaleptic (met-al-ep'-tik) [p.eTa\r)\J/Ls, participation]. 
Relating to metalepsy; also applied to a muscle, 
associated in its movement with another. 

metallesthesia {met-al-es-the'-ze-ah) [metal; aL<r- 
6r\<ri.s, perception by the senses]. An alleged form 
of sensibility enabling hysterical or hypnotized sub- 
jects to distinguish between the contacts of various 
metals. 

metallic (met-al'-ik). Similar to or resembling a 
metal, m. tinkling, peculiar metallic or bell-like 
sounds heard over a pneumothorax or large pul- 
monary cavity. The sounds are produced by 
coughing, speaking, or deep breathing. 



metallodynia (met-al-o-din'-e-ah) [metal; 65 w^, 
pain]. Pain caused by metallic poisoning. 

metalloid (met'-al-oid) [metal; elSos, like]. 1. Re- 
sembling a metal. 2. Any nonmetallic element. 

metallophagia, metallophagy (met-al-o-fa'-je-ah, 
met-al-off'-a-je) [metal; <paye£v, to eat]. The insane 
impulse to swallow metallic objects. 

metallophobia (met-al-o-fo'-be-ah). The fear of 
touching a metallic object. 

metalloscopy (met-al-os'-ko-pe) [metal; aKoirelv, 
to examine]. The determination of the effects pro- 
duced by the application of metals to the surface of 
the body. See also metallotherapy. 

metallotherapy (met-al-o-ther'-ap-e) [metal ; depairela, 
therapy]. The treatment of certain nervous diseases, 
particularly hysteria, by the application of different 
metals to the affected part. 

metallotoxemia (met-al-o-toks-e'-me-ah) [metal ; 
to^ikov, poison; alfia, blood]. Toxemia, or blood- 
poisoning, due to the ingestion of a metal. 

metamer {met'-am-ur). A metameric substance. 
See isomeric. 

metamere (met'-ah-mer) [meta-; nepos, a part]. 
Any one of the theoretical segments of a vertebrate 
animal. 

metameric (met-ah-mer'-ik). Pertaining to meta- 
merism; see isomeric. 

metamerid (met-am'-er-id) [metamere]. A met- 
americ substance; a group of metameric bodies. 

metamerism (met-am'-er-izm) [metamere]. A 
variety of isomerism. See isomerism. 

metamorphic (met-am-or'-fik) [metamorphosis]. Per- 
taining to metamorphosis; also synonymous with 
metamorphous. 

metamorphology (met-am-or-fol'-o-je) [metamorpho- 
sis; X670J, science]. In biology, the science of the 
changes of form passed through by individual 
organisms in the course of their life-histories. 

metamorphopsia (met-am-or-fop'-se-ah) [peranop- 
<t>ovv, to change shape; 6\pis, sight]. A defect of 
vision in which, owing to disease of the retina or 
imperfection of the media, objects appear distorted. 

metamorphosing (met-am-or-fo'-zing) [see meta- 
morphosis]. Altering; changing, m. breath-sound. 
See respiration, metamorphosing. 

metamorphosis (met-am-or'-fo-sis) [juerajuop^wo-is^ 
a transformation]. A structural change or trans- 
formation. In pathology, a degeneration. m.» 
fatty, fatty degeneration, m., regressive, m., retro- 
grade, a disintegrating change; a degeneration, m., 
viscous, the agglutination of blood-platelets in the 
process of thrombosis. 

metamorphous (met-am-or'-fus) [meta-; nop<p6eip r 
to change]. Amorphous, but with a tendency to 
crystallize. 

metanephric (met-an-ef'-rik) [meta-; ve<ppos, kidney]. 
Pertaining to the metanephros. 

metanephros, metanephron {met-ah-nef'-ros, met- 
ah-nef'-ron) [meta-; i>e<f>p6s-, kidney]. The posterior 
of the three segmental bodies of the fetus, which is 
transformed into the permanent kidney and ureter. 

metanucleus (met-ah-nu'-kle-us) [meta-; nucleus]. 
The egg-nucleus after its extrusion from the germinal 
vesicle. 

metapeptone (met-ah-pep'-ton) [meta-; irtyis, diges- 
tion]. A substance obtained by Meissner from the 
fluid resulting from the acid peptic digestion of any 
proteid after the parapeptone has been removed; it 
is said to be intermediate between parapeptone and 
dyspeptone. 

metaphases (met-af-a'-zes) [meta-; <j>a<ris, a phase]. 
In biology, the final phase or set of phenomena of 
karyokinesis, from the division of the nuclear fibrils- 
to the separation of the daughter-nuclei. 

metaphlogosis {met-af-lo-go'-sis) [meta-; jiXoyuais,. 
a burning]. Severe inflammation with much engorge- 
ment, but of short duration. 

metaphosphoric acid (met-ah-fos-for'-ik). See acid Y 
phosphoric. § 

metaplasia (met-ah-pla'-ze-ah) [meta-; ■n-'Kaaaeiv, to- 
form]. A transformation of a tissue into another 
•without the intervention of an embryonal tissue, as- 
the conversion of cartilage into bone. 

metaplasis (met-ap' -las-is) [metaplasia]. Fulfilled 
growth and development seen in the stage between 
anaplasis and cataplasis. 

metaplasm (met'-ah-plazm). That portion of the 
protoplasm of a cell containing the products of 
secretion or excretion. 

metaplastic (met-ah-plas'-tik) [see metaplasia]* 



METAPLEX 



553 



METHEMOGLOBINEMIA 



Pertaining to metaplasia, m. bone, a bone formed 
from periosteum. 

metaplex, metaplexus {met'-ah-pleks, met-ah-pleks'- 
us) [meta-; plexus], a twining. The choroid plexus 
of the fourth ventricle. 

metapneumonic (met-ah-nu-mon'-ik) [meta-; pneu- 
monia]. Secondary to, or consequent upon, pneu- 
monia. 

metapophysis (met-ah-pof-is-is) [meta-; &ir6<pvai.s, 
a process]. A mammillary process, such as is seen 
upon the lumbar vertebrae. 

metapore (met'-ap-or) [meta-; iropos, passage]. 
Magendie's foramen (q. v.). 

metaprotein (met-ah-pro'-te-in). A derivative by- 
hydrolysis of a native protein. 

metapsyche (met-ap-si'-ke) [meta-; foxVi soul]. 
The hind-brain or metencephalon. 

metaptosis (met-ap-to'-sis) [meta-; -wroxris, a fall- 
ing]. Metastasis; sudden metabolic change. 

metapyretic (jnet-ah-pi-ret'-ik) [meta-; -nvperos, fev- 
er], i. Occurring during fever. 2. Occurring after 
the decline of fever. 

metargon (met-ar'-gon) [meta-; argon]. A gaseous 
element believed to exist in atmospheric air. 

metasol (met'-ah-sol). Soluble metacresol-anitol, 
containing 40 % of metacresol. A surgical dis- 
infectant. 

metastasis (met-as'-tas-is) [meta-; o-raros, placed]. 
The transfer of a diseased process from a primary 
focus to a distant one by the conveyance of the 
causal agents through the blood-vessels or lymph- 
channels. 

metastasize (met-as' -tas-iz) . To transfer disease 
into a distant part by metastasis. 

metastate (jnet-as-taf) [meta-; ararbs, placed]. 
Any substance produced by a metabolic process; an 
anastate or a catastate. Same as mesostate. 

metastatic (met-ah-stat'-ik) [see metastasis]. Char- 
acterized by or pertaining to metastasis, m. abscess, 
the secondary abscess in pyemia, m. calcification, 
calcareous infiltration due to an excess of lime-salts 
in the blood in diseases associated with rapid dis- 
integration, of bone. 

metasternum (met-ah-ster'-num). The xiphoid 
cartilage of the sternum. 

metasyncrisis (met-as-in'-kris-is). 1. An induced 
crisis. 2. The restoration of diseased tissues. 

metasyphilis {met-ah-sif -il-is) . That form of 
inherited syphilis presenting only the syphilitic 
diathesis, i. e., the degenerations and general diffuse 
changes in which localized lesions are absent. 

metatarsal {met-ah-tar'-sal) [metatarsus]. Per- 
taining to the metatarsus. 

metatarsalgia {met-ah-tar-saV -je-ah) [metatarsus ; 
akyos, pain]. Morton's disease; a painful affection 
of the plantar digital nerves caused by pressure or 
pinching of them by portions of the metatarso- 
phalangeal articulations. 

metatarsen (met-at-ar'-sen). Belonging to the 
metatarsus in itself. 

metatarsometatarsal (met-ah-tar-so-met-ah-tar'-sal) . 
Relating to the metatarsal bones in their position 
to each other. 

metatarsophalangeal {met-ah-tar-so-fa-lan'-je-al) 
[metatarsus; phalanges]. Pertaining to the meta- 
tarsus and the phalanges. 

metatarsus (met-ah-tar'-sus) [meta-; rapaos, tarsus]. 
The bones of the foot, five in number, situated 
between the tarsus and the phalanges. 

metatela (met-at-e'-lah) [meta-; tela, tissue]. The 
tela of the metencephal; the velum medullare pos- 
terius, or inferior choroid tela. It constitutes the 
roof of the metacele. 

metathalamus {met-ah-thaV -am-us) [meta-; thala- 
mus]. A term including the pregeniculum and 
postgeniculum. 

metathesis (mel-alh'-es-is) [meta-; ridevai, to place]. 
1. The act of changing the seat of a disease process 
from one part to another. 2. In chemistry, double 
decomposition. 

metathetic (met-ath-et'-ik) [meta-; rddkvai, to place]. 
Of the nature of a metathesis. 

metatocia (met-at-o'-ke-ah) [meta-; tokos, birth]. 
Birth by any other than the normal process, as by 
cesarean section. 

metatroph {met'-ah-trof). See saprophyte. 

metatropbia (met-ah-tro'-fe-ah) [meta-; rpocp-h, 
nourishment]. Any morbid condition or process of 
nutrition. 

metatrophic (met-ah-tro'-fik). Applied to sapro- 



phytic organisms which cannot exist in the presence 
of living tissues, m. method, a therapeutic method 
of modifying the nutrition by changes in the food — 
with a view of administering some drug; e. g., sup- 
pression of sodium chloride in food of epileptics in 
order to reinforce the action of bromides. 

Metazoa (met-ah-zo'-ah) [meta-; $u>ov, animal]. 
Animals the development of which is characterized 
by segmentation of the ovum. They comprise all 
animals except the Protozoa. 

Metchnikoff' s larva (metsh'-ne-kof) [Elie Metchni- 
koff, Russian biologist, 1845- ]. The parenchy- 
mula: the embryonic stage immediately succeeding 
that of the closed blastula. M.'s phagocytic theory, 
that microorganisms and other solid elements are 
destroyed or taken up by living cells, as by colorless 
blood-corpuscles. 

metecious, metoecious (met-e'-she-us) [meta-; oIkos, 
a house]. See heterecious. 

metecism, metcecism {met'-es-izm). See heterecism. 

metempiric (met-em-pe'-rik) [meta-; ipireipla, ex- 
perience]. Opposed to empiric; not based on experi- 
ence. 

metencephal (met-en'-sef-al). Same as meten- 
cephalon. 

metencephalic (met-en-sef-al'-ik). Pertaining to 
the metencephalon. 

metencephalon (met-en-sef'-al-on) [meta-; iyKe<j>a\os, 
brain]. 1. The after-brain; the postoblongata, or 
most caudal portion of the brain. 2. Of Huxley, 
the cerebellum and the pons. 

meteoric (me-te-or'-ik) [perewpi^eiv, to elevate]. 
Pertaining to meteorism; also, pertaining to the 
atmosphere. 

meteorism (me'-te-or-izm) [fiereo)pl£eiv, to elevate]. 
Distention of the abdomen with gas; tympanites. 

meteorograph ime-te-or' -o-graf) [pereupov, a meteor; 
ypaxpetv, to write]. An apparatus for securing a 
continuous record of the pressure, temperature, 
humidity, and velocity of the wind. 

meteorology (me-te-or-ol'-o-je) [meteor; \6yos, a 
treatise]. The science of the phenomena of the 
atmosphere and the laws of its motions. 

metepencephalon {met-ep-en-sef -al-on) [meta-; eiri, 
upon; £yKe<f>a\os, brain]. The metencephalon and 
epencephalon considered together. It includes the 
cerebrum, the oblongata, and the pons. 

metepicele (met-ep'-is-el) [meta-; lirl, upon; koiKIo., 
hollow]. The fourth ventricle of the brain. 

meter (me'-ter). The unit of linear measure of 
the metric system, 39-37 inches. See metric system. 
m.-angle, the angle of the visual axes, the object 
being one meter distant. 

-meter (me-ter) [perpov, a measure]. A termination 
denoting an instrument for measuring. 

metergasis, metergasia (met-er' -gas-is, met-er-ga'- 
se-ah) [meta-; iypao-ia, work]. Change of function. 

metestrous (met-es'-trus). Pertaining to the 
period in which the activity of the generative organs 
is gradually subsiding in female animals. 

methacetin (meth-as'-et-in) [meta-; acetum, vine- 
gar], C9H11NO2. An analogue of phenacetin, having 
the same antipyretic, qualities as the latter, and more 
soluble. Dose from 2 to 4 grains exhibited with 
great caution. 

methal (meth'-al) [meta-; SX77, matter], C14H30O. 
An alcohol, not yet isolated, occurring in spermaceti. 

methanal (meth'-an-al). Same as formaldehyde. 

methane (meth'-an) [see methal], CH4. Marsh-gas. 
The first member of the homologous series of par- 
affins, CnH2n + 2. It occurs wherever decomposition 
of organic matter is going on, especially in marshes, 
and is also found at times in the stomach and in- 
testine. It is a colorless, odorless, inflammable gas. 

methanol (meth'-an-ol). Methyl alcohol. 

metheglin (meth-eg'-lin). Mead; a drink made 
from honey by the addition of yeast and boiling water. 

methemerine (meth-em'-er-en) [meta-; ■fipepa, a 
day]. Quotidian. 

methemoglobin, methaemoglobin (met-hem-o-glo'- 
bin) [meta-; hemoglobin], A body similar in com- 
position to hemoglobin, but having its oxygen more 
firmly united with it. It is prepared from hemo- 
globin by the action of potassium ferricyanide, potas- 
sium chlorate, sodium nitrite, etc. In poisoning with 
potassium chlorate, the nitrites, acetanilid, and other 
bodies, the blood contains methemoglobin. 

methemoglobinemia, methaemoglobinaemia (mel- 
hem-o-glo-bin-e' -me-ah) [methemoglobin; alpa, blood]. 
The presence of methemoglobin in the blood. 



METHEMOGLOBINURIA 



554 



METOPON 



methemoglobinuria, methsemoglobinuria (met-hem- 
o-glo-bin-u'-re-ah) [methemoglobin ; olpov, urine]. The 
presence of methemoglobin in the urine. 

methenyl (meth'-en-il), CH. A hypothetical triva- 
lent radical, m.-orthoanisidin, a compound of 
orthoanisidin and orthoformic acid ester; it is a local 
anesthetic, m. tribromide, bromoform. m. tri- 
chloride, chloroform, m. triiodide, iodoform. 

methethyl (meth-eth'-il). A local anesthetic said 
to consist chiefly of ethyl chloride with a small 
quantity of methyl chloride and chloroform. 

methetic (meth-et'-ik) [p.We£is, participation]. In 
psychology applied to communications between the 
different strata of a man's intelligence. 

methogastrosis (meth-o-gas-tro'-sis) [peOv, wine; 
yaarrip, stomach; vdaos, disease]. Digestive dis- 
turbances consequent upon alcoholic excess. 

methol (meth'-ol) [meta-; v\rj, matter]. One of 
the names of methylic alcohol. 

methomania (meth-o-ma'-ne-ah) [nWv, strong drink; 
y.avLa, madness]. I. Same as mania a potu. 2. (More 
often) the irresistible desire for strong drink; dipso- 
mania. 

methonal (meth'-on-al), (CHs^CCSCkCHsH A 
hypnotic differing from sulphonal in containing 
methyl mercaptan instead of ethyl mercaptan. 
Dose 15-30 gr. (1-2 Gm.). Syn., dimethyl sulphone- 
dimethylmethane. 

methoxycaffeine (meth-oks-e-kaf'-e-in), C9H12N4O3. 
A white powder melting at 117 C. It is used hypo- 
dermatically as a local anesthetic and in neuralgia. 
Dose 4 gr. (0.26 Gm.). 

methoxyl (meth-oks'-il). The characterizing group 
of the primary alcohols, CH2OH. 

methozine (meth'-o-zen). Same as antipyrine. 

methyl (meth'-il) [pkBv, mead; v\v, matter], CH3. 
A univalent hydrocarbon radical, the first of the 
univalent hydrocarbons of the marsh-gas series; 
the radical of methyl-alcohol, m. acetate, C3H6O2, 
a fragrant liquid obtained from crude wood-vinegar. 
m.-alcohol, CH3OH, a colorless, narcotic liquid, 
obtained in the destructive distillation of wood. 
Syn., carbinol, wood-alcohol; wood-spirit, m. alde- 
hyde, formaldehyde, m.-blue, an antiseptic used 
as a local application in diphtheria (not to be con- 
founded with methylene blue), m. chloride, CH3CI, 
a liquid local anesthetic, m. chloroform, CH3CCI3, 
a volatile liquid, obtained by chlorinating ethyl 
chloride. It is anesthetic, m. ether, C2H6O; 
dimethyl oxide, an inflammable gas; also a salt of 
methyl, m.-glyoxalidin. Seelysidine. m.-green, an 
anilin dye, used in staining tissues, also as an anti- 
periodic, m.-guanidin, C2H7N3; a colorless, crystal- 
line, strongly alkaline base, formed by the oxidation 
of creatin and creatinin, and also found in decom- 
posing horseflesh and in cultures of the comma 
bacillus and the bacillus of anthrax. It is highly 
poisonous, m.-hydantoic acid, a crystalline sub- 
stance occurring in the urine after the ingestion 
of sarcosin; it is also obtained by heating sarcosin 
and urea together for several days in baryta-water. 
m. hydrate, methyl-alcohol, m. hydride, CH4; 
methane or marsh-gas. m. iodide, C3HI, a reaction- 
product of methyl-alcohol with iodine and phos- 
phorus; used as a vesicant instead of cantharides. 
m.-phenol, cresol. m.-propyloxybenzol, thymol, m. 
pyridin. See picolin. m. pyridin sulphocyanate, 
an energetic, noncaustic, nontoxic antiseptic em- 
ployed in 1 % solution, m. pyrocatechin, guaiacol. 
m.-quinolin, a substance occurring with quinolin 
and quinalidin in coal-tar. m. salicylate (melhylis 
salicylas, U. S. P.), CsHgOs; synthetic oil of winter- 
green; an oily liquid of a peculiar odor, identical 
with the essential constituent of the oil of winter- 
green; it is used in rheumatism like the natural oil 
of gaultheria. m.-salol, CH 3 (OH)(CH3)C0 2 . CeHs, 
a crystalline substance, insoluble in water, soluble 
in ether, chloroform, or hot alcohol; used in rheu- 
matism, m.-theobromin, caffeine, m.-uramin. See 
m.-guanidin. m.-violet, an anilin dye used for 
staining bacteria. Under the name of pyoktanin it 
is used as an antiseptic. m.-xanthin. See hetero- 
xanthin. 

methylacetanilid (meth-il-as-et-an'-il-id). See exal- 
gin. 

methylal (meth'-il-al) [methyl; alcohol], C3H8O2. 
A substance prepared by distilling methyl-alcohol 
with sulphuric acid. It is hypnotic and antispas- 
modic. Dose 1 dr. (4 Cc). 

methylamine (meth-il'-am-in) [methyl; amine], 



N(CHs)H2. A colorless basic gas occurring in 
herring-brine and in cultures of the comma bacillus. 
methylate (meth'-il-at) [methyl]. A compound 
formed from methyl-alcohol by the substitution of 
the hydrogen of the hydroxyl by a base. 

methylated {meth'-il-at-ed). Containing methyl- 
alcohol, m. spirit. See methyl-alcohol. 

methylation (meth-il-a'-shun). The process of 
mixing a substance with methyl-alcohol. 
methylbenzol (meth-il-ben'-zol) . Toluene. 
methylene (meth'-il-en) [methyl], CH2. A bivalent 
hydrocarbon radical, m. bichloride, CH2CI2; a 
general anesthetic, used instead of chloroform, m.- 
blue (methylthionince hydrochloridum, U. S. P.), 
C16H18N3SCI; a blue anilin dye used as a stain in 
microscopy. It has also been employed as a local 
application in diphtheria, tonsillitis, scarlatinal 
sore throat, and other inflammatory conditions, 
and internally in malaria and neuralgia. Dose 
2-4 gr. (0.13-0.25 Gm.). m. chloride (of Richard- 
son), a colorless liquid consisting of 1 volume of 
methyl-alcohol and 4 volumes of chloroform; it is 
used in inhalation-anesthesia. Syn., methyl bichloride. 
m. creosote, a nontoxic, yellowish powder devoid of 
taste or odor. • It is used in the treatment of tubercu- 
losis. Dose 8-30 gr. (0.5-2.0 Gm.). m. oxide, 
formaldehyde. 

methylenophil, methylenophilous {meth-il-en'-of-il, 
meth-il-en-of'-il-us) [methylene; <f>i\elv, to love]. 
Having an affinity for methylene-blue. 

methylguanidine (meth-il-gwan'-id-en). A poison- 
ous ptomaine derived from creatinine. 

methylic {meth-il'-ik). Containing methyl, 
methylil (jneth'-il-il). Trade name of a local 
anesthetic; said to be a mixture of ethyl chloride, 
chloroform, and methyl chloride. 

methylphenacetin (meth-il-fen-as'-et-in). A hyp- 
notic compound obtained by treating phenacetin- 
sodium with methyl iodide. 

methylpurin (meth-ii-pu'-rin). Any compound 
in which one or more methyl radicals have been 
substituted in the purin nucleus. 

methylsalol imeth-il-sa'-lol). A crystalline sub- 
stance used in rheumatism. 

methylthionine hydrochloride {meth-il-thi'-o-nin). 
See methylene-blue. 

methysis (meth'-is-is) [fiWv<ns, intoxication]. In- 
toxication. 

methystic (meth-is'-tic). 1. Intoxicant. 2. An in- 
toxicating agent. 

methysticin {meth-is' -tis-in) [pe9vartK6s, intoxicat- 
ing]. A glucoside, C15H14O5. from Piper methysti- 
cum, kava-root. 

metoarion (met-o-a'-re-on) [meta-; bapiov, the 
ovule]. The corpus luteum. 

metodontiasis (met-o-don-ti'-as-is) [meta-; oSovridv, 
to cut teeth]. The second dentition; also, abnor- 
mality of teething. 

metol (met'-ol). Trade name for methylpara- 
amino phenol sulphate; it is used as a developer by 
photographers, and is capable of producing a derma- 
titis accompanied by ulceration and obstinate fissures 
of the skin. 

metopagus (met-op'-ag-us) [fikrunrov, the forehead; 
irayos, joined]. A twin monstrosity with united 
foreheads. 

metopantralgia (met-o-pan-tral'-je-ah) [ukruirov, 
forehead; avrpov, cave; 0X70$, pain]. Pain or neural- 
gia of the frontal sinus. 

metopantritis (met-o-pan-tri'-tis) [pkruirov, forehead; 
avrpov, cave; rm, inflammation]. Inflammation of 
the metopantron. 

metopantron, metopantrum (met-o-pan'-tron, met- 
o-pan'-trum) [fikruirov, forehead; avrpov, cave]. The 
frontal sinus. 

metopic (met-op'-ik) [ukrwirov, forehead]. 1. Re- 
lating to the forehead; frontal. 2. A name applied 
to a cranium having a medio-frontal suture, m. 
points. See craniometric points. 

metopion (met-o'-pe-on) [pkruirov, forehead]. See 
craniometric points. 

metopism (met'-o-pizm) [fikruirov, forehead]. Per- 
sistence of the frontal suture in adult life. See 
metopon. 

metopium (met-o'-pe-um) . Synonym of metopon. 
metopodynia (met-o-po-din'-e-ah) [fikruirov, fore- 
head; bobvq, pain]. Frontal headache. 

metopon (met'-o-pon) [pikruirov, forehead; from 
nera, between; &\f/, eye]. Forehead; also an old name 
for galbanum. 



METOPOPLASTY 



555 



METROFIBROMA 



metopoplasty (met-op'-o-plas-te) [ukruirov, the fore- 
head; xXdcro-eiJ', to form]. Plastic surgery of the 
forehead. 

metoposcopy (met-op-os'-ko-pe) [fierwirov, forehead; 
oKoirelv, to examine]. A variety of phrenology in 
which the character on the future of an individual 
is supposed to be determined by an inspection of the 
forehead. 

metoxenous (met-oks'-en-us). See heterecious. 

metra (me'-irah) [pyTpa, uterus]. The uterus. 

metralgia (met-ral'-je-ah) [metra; a\yos, pain]. 
Metrodynia (q. v.). 

metramine {met' -ram- en). Trade name for a 
brand of hexamethylenamine. 

metranastrophe (met-ran-as'-tro-fe) [metra; avao-- 
rpcxfrri, a turning upside down]. Inversion of the 
uterus. 

metranemia, metranaemia (met-ran-e'-me-ah) [metra ; 
anemia]. Uterine anemia. 

metraneurysm {met-ran' -u-rizm) [metra; &vevpvapa, 
dilatation]. Dilatation of the uterus or vulva. 

metranoikter (met-rah-no-ik'-ter). A uterine dilator 
with two or four branches; used when a wide, pro- 
longed uterine dilatation is indicated. 

metratome (met'-rat-om) [metra; rop.fi, a cutting]. 
An instrument for incising the uterus. 

metratonia (met-rat-o'-ne-ah) [metra; arovla, atony]. 
Atony of the uterus. 

metratresia (met-rat-re'-ze-ah) [metra; (j.rpr\aia, 
atresia]. Atresia or imperf oration of the womb. 

metratrophia (jnet-rat-ro'-fe-ah) [metra; 6.rpo4>ia, 
atrophy]. Atrophy of the uterus. 

metrauxe (met-rawks'-e) [metra; avfy, increase]. 
Hypertrophy or enlargement of the uterus. 

metre (me'-ter). See meter. 

metrechoscope (met-rek' -o-skop) [jikrpov, measure; 
r)xv. sound; o-Kotrelv, to inspect]. An instrument for 
applying metrechoscopy. 

metrechoscopy (met-rek-os'-ko-pe) [pLerpov, measure; 
vxv, sound; o-Koirelv, to inspect]. Combined ausculta- 
tion and mensuration. 

metrectasia (met-rek-ta'-ze-ah) [metra; acraais, a 
stretching]. Dilatation of the uterus. 

metrectatic (met-rek-tat'-ik). Affected with, or 
pertaining to, metrectasia. 

metrectomy (met-rek' -to-me) [metra; eKroprj, ex- 
cision]. Excision or surgical removal of the uterus. 

metrectopia, metrectopy (met-rek-to' -pe-ah, met- 
rek' -to-pe) [metra; Zktottos, displaced]. Displacement 
of the womb. 

metrelcosis (met-rel-ko'-sis) [metra; ?Xkos, ulcer]. 
Uterine ulceration. 

metremia (met-re'-me-ah) [metra; alfia, blood]. 
Congestion of the uterus. 

metremorrhagia (met-rem-or-a'-je-ah). Synonym 
of metrorrhagia. 

metremorrhoid (met-rem'-or-oid) [metra; hemor- 
rhoid]. A hemorrhoid of the uterus. 

metremphraxis (met-rem-fraks'-is) [metra; ip<ppdo-- 
aeiv, to obstruct]. Congestion, or infarction, of the 
uterine tissues. 

metremphysema (met-rem-fis-e'-mah). Synonym of 
physometra. 

metreurynter (met-roo-rin'-ter) [metra; eiipwew 
to widen]. A form of colpeurynter. 

metreurysis (met-roo'-ris-is). See colpeurysis. 

metreurysma (met-roo-riz'-tnah) [metra; evpvs, 
wide]. Morbid dilatation, or width of the uterus. 

metria (me'-tre-ah) [metra]. Any uterine affection. 
The term is used also as a synonym of puerperal 
fever. 

metric {met'-rik) [fierpov, a measure]. Pertaining 
to the system of weights and measures, of which the 
meter is the basis, m. system, a decimal system 
of weights and measures employed in France, Ger- 
many, and other countries, and used generally in the 
sciences. The standard is the meter, the ten-mil- 
lionth part of the distance from the equator to the 
north pole. The actual standard unit is the distance 
between two lines on a platinum-iridium rod pre- 
served in the archives of the International Metric 
Commission at Paris, and is equivalent to 39-37079 
inches; in the United States the length of the meter is 
assumed as 39-37 inches. The standard of capacity 
is the liter, a cubic volume ^ meter in each dimen- 
sion. The standard of weight is the gram, the weight 
of rihru liter (one cubic centimeter) of distilled water 
at its maximum density. As the unit of microscopic 
measurement the thousandth part of a millimeter 
has been adopted. It is called micromillimeter, or 



micron; its symbol is p.. The multiples in the metric 
system are expressed by the prefixes deca-, hecto-, 
and kilo-; the subdivisions by the prefixes deci-, 
centi-, and milli-. 

iooo meters = i kilometer. 

ioo meters = i hectometer. 

io meters = i decameter. 

.1 meter = i decimeter. 

.oi meter = i centimeter. 

.ooi meter = i millimeter. 



ooo liters 


= i kiloliter. 


ioo liters 


= i hectoliter. 


io liters 


= i decaliter. 


.1 liter 


= i deciliter. 


.oi liter 


= i centiliter. 


.ooi liter 


= i milliliter. 



iooo grams = i kilogram, 
ioo grams = i hectogram, 
io grams = i decagram. 
.1 gram = i decigram, 
.oi gram = i centigram, 
.ooi gram = i milligram. 
In common practice, however, the following divisions 
only are used, the others being expressed in figures: 
io millimeters = i centimeter, 

ioo centimeters = i meter, 

iooo meters = i kilometer. 

iooo cubic centimeters = i liter. 

iooo milligrams = i gram, 

iooo grams = i kilogram. 

The following are the equivalent values: 
i meter = 39-37 inches, 
i liter = i quart h gill, U. S. measure. 
I gram = 15. 43 grains. 
1 minim = 0.061 cubic centimeter. 
See also, weights and measures. 

metriocephalic (met-re-o-sef-al'-ik) [juerptos, moder- 
ate; Ke<paXri, head]. Applied to a skull in which the 
arch of trie vertex is moderate in height, neither 
akrocephalic (pointed) nor platycephalic (q. v.). 
Cf. scaphocephaly, tapeinocephalic. 

metritic (met-rit'-ik) [metra; ir«, inflammation]. 
Pertaining to, or affected with, metritis. 

metritis (met-ri'-tis) [metra; ins, inflammation]. 
Inflammation of the uterus, m. dissecans, an 
inflammatory affection of the uterus accompanied 
by the sloughing away of portions of it. 

metro- (met-ro-) [metra], A prefix meaning re- 
lating to the uterus. 

metroblennorrhea (met-ro-blen-or-e'-ah) [metro-; 
(JXewa, mucus; pola, a flow]. Uterine blennorrhea. 

metrocampsis (met-ro-kamp'-sis) [metro-; /caputs, 
bending]. Obliquity or curvation of the uterus. 

metrocase (met-rok'-as-e) [metro-; kclkos, evil]. 
Same as metrelcosis. 

metro carcinoma (met-ro-kar-sin-o'-mah) [metro- ; 
carcinoma]. Carcinoma of the uterus. 

metrocele (met'-ro-sel) [metro-; 107X77, hernia]. 
Hernia of the uterus. 

metroclyst (met'-ro-klist) [metro-; kKv^lv, to wash 
out]. An instrument for giving uterine douches. 

metrocolpocele (met-ro-kol '-po-sel) [metro-; koKttos, 
vagina; K7jXT7, hernia]. Protrusion of the uterus into 
the vagina, the wall of the latter being pushed in 
advance. 

metrocystosis (met-ro-sis-to'-sis) [metro-; kvo-tis, 
a cyst]. The formation of uterine cysts or the con- 
dition giving rise to them. 

metrocyte {met' '-ro- sit) [metro-; kvtos, cell]. A large 
uninuclear spheroidal cell the protoplasm of which 
contains hemoglobin, and which is supposed to be the 
source of the red corpuscles of the blood. 

metrodynamometer (met-ro-di-nam-om'-et-er) [met- 
ro-; 8wap.is, power; pkrpov, measure]. An instrument 
for measuring uterine contractions. 

metrodynia (met-ro-din'-e-ah) [metro-; bbvmj, pain]. 
Pain in the uterus. 

metrodystocia (met-ro-dis-to'-ke-ah) [metro-; Sva- 
TOKia, painful delivery]. Dystocia whose cause re- 
sides in the uterus. 

metroectasia (met-ro-ek-ta'-ze-ah). Synonym of 
metrectasia. 

metroendometritis (met-ro-en-do-mel-ri'-lis). Com- 
bined inflammation of the uterus and endometrium. 

metrofibroma (met-ro-fi-bro'-mah) [metro-; fibroma, 
fibrous tumor]. Uterine fibroid tumor. 



METROLEUKORRHEA 



556 



MHO 



metroleukorrhea (met-ro-lii-kor-e'-ah) [metro-; \ev- 
kos, white; ?>oLa, flow]. Uterine leukorrhea. 

metrology {met-rol'-o-je) [pkrpov, measure; \byos, 
science]. The science of measures and of measure- 
ments. 

metroloxia (met-ro-loks'-e-ah) [metro-; Xo£6s, ob- 
lique]. Obliquity of the uterus; hysteroloxia. 

metrolymphangitis (met-ro-lim-fan-ji'-tis) [metro-; 
\i>n<pa, lymph; iyyeiov, vessel; itis, inflammation]. 
Inflammation of the lymphatic vessels of the uterus. 
Uterine lymphangitis. 

metromalacosis (met-ro-mal-ak-o'-sis) [metro-; juaX- 
eucos, soft]. Softening of the tissues of the uterus. 

metromania (met-ro-ma' -ne-ah) . 1. See hystero- 
mania and nymphomania. 2. [y.krpov, measure; 
navla, mania). A mania for writing poetry. 

metromaniac {met-ro-ma' -ne-ak) [jikrpov, measure; 
fiaula, mania]. One insanely fond of writing verses. 

metronania (met-ro-na' -ne-ah) [metro-; vavos, dwarf]. 
Abnormal smallness of the uterus. 

metroricus(met-rong'-kus). See hysteroncus. 

metroneuria (met-ro-nu'-re-ah) [metro-; vevpov, 
nerve]. A nervous affection of the uterus. 

metroneurosis (met-ro-nu-ro'-sis) [metro-; neurosis]. 
Any neurosis caused by uterine disease. 

metronome (met'-ro-nom) [ukrpov, measure; v6p.os, 
law]. An instrument for measuring time in music; 
also one for testing the hearing. 

metroparalysis (met-ro-par-al'-is-is) [metro-; par- 
alysis]. Uterine paralysis. 

metropathic (met-ro-path'-ik) [metro-; wados, dis- 
ease]. Pertaining to affections of the uterus. 

metropathy (met-rop' -ath-e) [metro-; irados, suffer- 
ing]. Any uterine disease. 

metroperitonitis (met-ro-per-it-on-i'-tis) [metro- ; 
peritonitis]. 1. Combined inflammation of the 
uterus and the peritoneum. 2. Peritonitis secondary 
to inflammation of the uterus. 3. Inflammation of 
the peritoneum about the uterus. 

metropexia, metropexy (met-ro-peks'-e-ah, met'-ro- 
peks-e). See hysteropexy. 

metrophlebitis (met-ro-fleb-i'-tis) [metro-; phlebitis]. 
Inflammation of the veins of the uterus. 

metrophlogosis (met-ro-flo-go'-sis). Synonym of 
metritis. 

metrophyma (met-ro-fi'-mdh) [metro-; <t>vp.a, a 
growth]. A tumor of the uterus. 

metropolypus (met-ro-pol'-ip-us) [metro-; polypus]. 
Uterine polyp. 

metroptosis (met-rop-to'-sis) [metro-; ittuktls, fall]. 
Prolapse of the uterus. 

metrorrhagia (met-ror-a'-je-ah) [metro-; p-riyvvvai, 
to burst forth]. Uterine hemorrhage independent 
of the menstrual period. 

metrorrhea, metrorrhoea (met-ror-e'-ah) [metro-; 
poia, a flow]. Any morbid discharge from the uterus. 

metrorrhectic (met-ror-ek'-tik). Pertaining to 
metrorrhexis. 

metrorrhexis (met-ror-eks'-is) [metro-; frij^is, rup- 
ture]. Rupture of the uterus. 

metrorthosis (met-ror-tho'-sis) [metro-; bpdovv, 
to set straight]. The correction of a displaced uterus. 

metrosalpingitis (met-ro-sal-pin-ji'-tis) [metro-; sal- 
pingitis]. Inflammation of the uterus and oviducts. 

metrosalpingorrhagia (met-ro-sal-ping-or-a'-je-ah) 
[metro-; aa\iny£, tube; fayvvvai, to burst forth]. 
Hemorrhage from the oviducts. 

metrosalpingorrhexis (met-ro-sal-ping-or-eks'-is) 
[metro-; <r&\iny£, tube; £??£«, rupture]. Rupture of 
an oviduct. 

metrosalpinx (met-ro-saV -pinks) [metro-; <ra\iriy%, 
tube]. An oviduct or Fallopian tube. 

metroscirrhus (met-ro-skir'-us) [metro-; aalppos, 
hard]. A scirrhous tumor of the uterus. 

metroscope (met'-ro-skop) [metro-; anoireiv, to 
observe]. An instrument for examining the uterus. 

metrostaxis (met-ro-staks'-is) [metro-; <tto£is, a 
dropping]. Slight but persistent uterine hemorrhage. 

metrostenosis (met-ro-sten-o'-sis) [metro-; arevwcns, 
contraction]. Contraction of the cavity of the 
uterus. 

metrosteresis (met-ro-ster-e'-sis) [metro-; orkp-qvis, 
deprival]. Removal or absence of the uterus. 

metrotome (met'-ro-tom) [metro-; rop.i), a cutting]. 
An instrument for incising the uterine neck. 

metrotomy (met-rot'-o-me). See hysterotomy. 

metrotoxin (met-ro-tok'-sin). A hypothetical 
hormone from the pregnant uterus which is assumed 
to have an inhibitory action on the ovaries. 

metrourethrotome (met-ro-u-re'-thro-tom) [jikrpov, 



measure; ovpr)6pa, urethra; tow, a cutting]. A form 
of urethrotome that will cut a stricture to the desired 
caliber; a graduated urethrotome. 

metrypercinesis {met-ri-per-sin-e'-sis) [metra; vwkp, 
over; Kivrjats, movement]. Excessive uterine con- 
traction. 

metryperemia, metryperaemia (met-ri-per-e'-me-ah). 
Synonym of metremia. 

metryperesthesia, metryperesthesia (met-ri-per-es- 
the'-ze-ah) [metra; virkp, over; oia^ais, perception]. 
Hyperesthesia of the uterus. 

metrypertrophia {met-ri-per-tro'-fe-ah). Synonym 
of metrauxe. 

Meunier's sign of measles (moo-ne-a'). A daily 
loss of weight noticed four or five days after contagion. 
This may amount to so Gm. daily, commencing five 
or six days before the appearance of catarrhal or 
febrile symptoms. 

Mexican typhus. See tabardillo. 

Meyer's disease (mi'-er) [Georg Hermann Meyer, 
German anatomist, 1815-1892]. Hypertrophy of the 
pharyngeal tonsil ; adenoid vegetations of the pharynx. 
M.'s law, mature and normal bone possesses a definite 
internal structure, which in every part represents the 
lines of greatest pressure on traction, and is so 
arranged as to afford the greatest resistance with the 
smallest amount of material. M.'s rings, the faint 
rings seen to surround a candle-flame or a similar 
source of light against a dark background; they 
appear more distinct, as Woehler has shown, when 
the eyes are exposed for a short time to the fumes of 
osmic acid. The phenomenon is due to the diffrac- 
tion of light by cellular elements on the surface of 
the cornea. M.'s sign, numbness of the hands or 
feet associated with formication; it is observed in 
the eruptive stage of scarlatina. 

Meyer- Woehler's rings. See Meyer's rings. 

Meynert's bundle (mi'-nert) [Theodore Meynert, 
Austrian anatomist, 1833-1892]. A tract of nerve- 
fibers forming part of the capsula; it passes between 
the external geniculate body and posterior border 
of the putamen, and ends in the lower part of the 
occipital and temporosphenoid lobes. M.'s com- 
missure, a tract of nerve-fibers crossing dorsally 
to the mesial half of the chiasm from the tuber 
cinereum to the opposite side; it is probably con- 
nected with Luys's body. M.'s dorsal tegmental 
decussation, one of the fountain decussations; it is 
situated between the red nuclei and dorsal to them. 
M.'s fibers, a tract of nerve-fibers connecting the 
anterior corpus quadrigeminum with the nuclei of 
the ocular muscles. M.'s field, the reticular forma- 
tion of the pons. M.'s layer, the layer of pyramidal 
cells in the cerebral cortex. M.'s radiations, fibers 
in the radiary zone of the cortex cerebri. . M.'s 
solitary cells, giant pyramidal cells arranged in a 
single row in the visual area of the cortex cerebri. 

Meynet's nodosities (ma-na') [Paul Claude Hya- 
cinthe Meynet, French physician, 1831-1892]. 
Nodular growths connected with the capsules of 
joints, tendons, and tendon-sheaths, and sometimes 
seen in cases of rheumatism, especially in children. 

mezcal, mescal (mez-kahl') [Mex.]. An intoxicant 
spirit distilled from pulque, the fermented juice of 
various Mexican species of Agave. 

mezereon (mez-e'-re-on). See mezereum. 

mezereum (mez-e'-re-um) [Ar., mazariyun, the 
camellia]. An old world shrub. The mezereum of 
the U. S. P. is the dried bark of Daphne mezereum 
and other species of Daphne, of the. natural order 
Thymeleacece. It contains a glucoside, daphnin, and 
an acrid resin. Locally applied, mezereum is an 
irritant and vesicant, and has been used to stimulate 
indolent ulcers. Internally, it has been employed 
in syphilis, scrofula, chronic rheumatism, and 
various skin diseases. Dose 10 gr. (0.65 Gm.). 
m., fluidextract of (fluidextr actum mezerei, U. S. P.). 
Dose 2-5 min. (0.13-0.32 Cc). It is used chiefly 
in ointments, m. oleoresin, ethereal extract of the 
bark of Daphne mezereum and other species. It is 
alterative, stimulant, and rubefacient. Dose |-i 
min. (0.03-0.06 Cc). 

mezquit (mes-kef) [Sp.]. The tree or shrub 
Prosopis juliflora of the S. W. United States and 
Mexico. Its gum resembles gum arabic. 

Mg. Chemical symbol of magnesium. Also ab- 
breviation for milligram. 

mho {mo') [anagram of ohm]. The unit of electrical 
conductivity; conductivity at the resistance of one 
ohm. 



MIASM 



557 



MICROCRYSTALLINE 



miasm, miasma {mi'-azm, mi-az'-mah) [puaiveiv, 
to pollute: pi., miasmata], i. A term loosely applied 
to the floating germs of any form of microbic life, 
especially those generating in marshy localities. 
2. A noxious effluvium or emanation. 

miasmal (mi-az'-mal) [miasm]. Containing, re- 
lating to, or depending upon, miasm. 

miasmatic (mi-az-mat'-ik) [miasm]. Pertaining 
to or having the nature of miasm, m. diseases, 
diseases produced by miasmata. 

miasmatology (mi-az-mat-ol'-o-je) [miasm; \6yos, 
science]. The science or study of miasmata. 

miasmifuge (mi-az'-mif-uj) [miasm; fugere, to put to 
flight]. Preventing or banishing miasmatic diseases. 

Mibelli's disease (mib-el'-le) [Vittorio Mibelli, 
Italian physician]. Porakeratosis. 

mica (mi'-kah) [L.]. i. A crumb. 2. A mineral 
occurring in the form of thin, shining, transparent 
scales, m. panis, bread-crumb. 

micaceous (mi-ka'-she-us) [mica, crumb]. Re- 
sembling mica; composed of crumbs; friable. 

Micajah's wafers. A preparation said to consist 
of mercury bichloride, T V gr.; zinc sulphate, 5 gr.; 
bismuth subnitrate, 15 gr.; acacia, 5 gr.; phenol, 
3 gr. ; water, a sufficient quantity. 

mication (mi-ka'-shun) [micare, to glitter]. Quick 
motion; a winking; systolic contraction. 

micella (mi-sel'-ah) [dim. of mica, a crumb, grain; 
pi., micella]. One of the fundamental structural 
units of organized bodies; it is microscopically 
invisible. 

Michailow's test for proteins. Add ferrous 
sulphate to the solution, and underlay with con- 
centrated sulphuric acid; then add carefully very 
little nitric acid. Besides a brown ring, a red color- 
ation will be produced. 

micracoustic (mi-krah-koo'-stik) [ninpbs, small; 
Slkovvtikos, pertaining to hearing]. 1. Assisting in 
hearing very faint sounds. 2. An instrument 
possessing this property. 

micranatomy (mi-kran-at'-o-me) [fwcp6s, small; 
anatomy]. Minute anatomy; histology. 

micrangiopathy (mi-kran-je-op'-ath-e) [jilkpos, small; 
iyyelov, a vessel; irados, disease]. Disease of the 
capillaries. 

micrangium (mi-kran'-je-um) [fiiKpos, small; ayy elov, 
a vessel]. A capillary. 

micrencephalon (mi-kren-sef-al-on) [jiikp&s, small; 
iyice<t>a\os, brain], i. A small brain, as in cretinism. 
2. The cerebellum. 

micrencephalous (mi-kren-sef-al-us). Having a 
small brain. 

micrencephalus (mi-kren-sef'-al-us) [puxpos, small; 
iyice<i>a\os, encephalon]. Lissauer's term for a skull 
in which the angle formed between lines drawn 
from the hormion to the nasion and to the inion 
respectively is between 129 and 142. 5 . 

micrencranus (mi-kren-kra'-nus) [pnnpos, small; 
iv, in; Kpavlov, skull]. Lissauer's term for a skull 
with a cerebellar sector of from 8.5 to 15 . 

micro- (mi-kro-) [pu/cpos, small]. 1. A prefix sig- 
nifying minute. 2. A prefix generally used to signify 
a unit one-thousandth, sometimes one-millionth, 
part of the unit to which it is prefixed. 

microaudiphone (mi-kro-aw'-dif-on) [pnnpos, small; 
audire, to hear; fuvq, voice]. An instrument used 
for rendering audible sounds that are very slight. 

microbacteria (mi-kro-bak-te'-re-ah). Bacteria of 
very small size. 

microbe (mi'-krob) [micro-; filos, life]. A living 
organism of very small size. The term is generally 
used synonymously with bacterium. 

microbemia (mi-kro-be'-me-ah). See microbiohemia. 

microbian (mi-kro' -be-an) [microbe]. 1. Pertaining 
to or of the nature of a microbe. 2. A microbe. 

microbicidal (mi-kro-bis-i'-dal) [microbe; ccedere, 
to kill]. Destructive to microbes. 

microbicide (mi-kro' -bis-id) [microbe; ccedere, to 
kill]. 1. Destructive to microbes. 2. An agent 
that destroys microbes. 

microbicidin (mi-kro-bis-'id-in). See microcidin. 

microbiohemia, microbiohaemia (mi-kro-bi-o-hem'- 
e-ah) [microbe; alyta, blood]. A diseased condition 
resulting from the presence of microorganisms in the 
blood. 

microbiologist (mi-kro-bi-ol'-o-jist) [micro-; (3los, 
life; X670S, science]. An expert in the study of mi- 
crobes. 

microbiology (mi-kro-bi-ol'-o-je). The science of 
the nature, life, and actions of microorganisms. 



microbion, microbium (mi-kro' -be-on, mirkro'- 
be-um). Same as microbe. 

microbiophobia (mi-kro-bi-o-fo'-be-ah) [microbe; 
<£6/3os, fear]. Morbid fear of microbes. 

microbioscope (mi-kro-bi' -o-skop) [microbe; oko-kHv, 
to view]. A microscope for the study of the changes 
that take place in living tissues or for the study of 
microorganisms. 

microbiosis (mi-kro-bi-o'-sis). The morbid con- 
dition due to infection with pathogenic micro- 
organisms. 

microbism (mi'-kro-bizm). The presence of active 
pathogenic microorganisms in the system, m., 
latent, the presence in the system of inactive patho- 
genic organisms ready to become aggressive under 
favorable conditions. 

microblast (mi'-kro-blast) [micro-; /SXcurros, a 
germ]. 1. An immature blood-corpuscle. 2. A 
small, nucleated, red blood-corpuscle. 

microblepharia, microblepharon (mi-kro-blef-a'- 
re-ah, mi-kro-blef'-ar-on) [micro-; blepharon]. Small- 
ness of the eyelids. 

microblepharism, microblephary (mi-kro-blef'-ar- 
izm, mi-kro-blef-ar-e) . See microblepharia. 

microbrachia (mi-kro-bra'-ke-ah) [micro-; fipaxUov, 
arm]. Abnormal congenital smallness of the arms. 

microbrachius (mi-kro-bra'-ke-us) [micro-; fipaxUov, 
arm]. Smallness of the arms. 

microbrachycephalia (mi-kro-bra-ke-sef-a'-le-ah) 
[micro-; /3paxw, short; Ke<pa\r), head]. Brachy- 
cephalia combined with microcephalia. 

microcardia (mi-kro-kar'-de-ah) [micro-; Kapdta, 
heart]. Congenital smallness of the heart. 

microcentrum (mi-kro-sen'-trum). The dynamic 
center of the cell. 

microcephal (mi-kro-sef -al) [micro-; K€<pa\rj, head]. 
A person affected with microcephaly. 

microcephalia (mi-kro-sef -a' -le*ah) [micro-; Kt<pakfit 
head]. An abnormal smallness of the head. 

microcephalic (mi-kro-sef-al'-ik) [see microcephalia]. 
Having a small head. 

microcephalism (mi-kro-sef'-al-izm). Synonym of 
microcephaly. 

microcephalon (mi-kro-sef ' -al-on) [see microcepha- 
lia]. An abnormally small head. 

microcephalus (mi-kro-sef -al-us) [micro-; Ke<pa\ri, 
head]. A person with a small head. 

microcephaly (mi-kro-sef -al-e) [micro-; Ke<pa\ri, 
head]. Abnormal smallness of the head. 

microcheilia (mi-kro-ki'-le-ah) [micro-; x«iX°s, lip]. 
Abnormal congenital smallness of the lips. 

microchemistry (mi-kro-kem'-is-tre) [micro-; chem- 
istry]. 1. The chemistry of the minute organisms 
and substances of nature. 2. The study of chemical 
reactions with the aid of the microscope. 

microcidin (mi-kros' -id-in) [micro-; ccedere, to 
kill]. Sodium naphtholate, an antiseptic powder. 

microclysm (mi'-kro-klism) [micro-; kXihthcl, clys- 
ter], A small clyster; a clyster effective in small 
amounts. 

micrococcus (mi-kro-kok'-us) [micro-; kokkos, kernel]. 
A genus of bacteria the individuals of which have a 
spherical shape. When united in such a way as to 
resemble a bunch of grapes, they are called staphylo- 
cocci; when united in couples, they are called diplo- 
cocci; when string-like they are called streptococci. 
See table on page 558. 

microconidium (mi-kro-kon-id'-e-um) [micro-; kopls, 
dust: pi., microconidia]. In biology, a relatively 
small-sized conidium. 

microcoria (mi-kro-ko'-re-ah) [micro-; xopij, pupil]. 
Same as miosis. 

microcornea (mi-kro-kor'-ne-ah) [micro-; cornea]. 
Abnormal smallness of the cornea. 

microcosm (mi'-kro-kozm) [micro-; Koa/ws, world]. 
Man in contradistinction to the universe, or the 
macrocosm. 

microcosmic (mi-kro-koz'-mik) [microcosm]. Per- 
taining to the microcosm, m. salt, sodium am- 
monium phosphate; so-called because formerly 
derived from the urine of man, "the microcosm." 

microcoulomb (mi-kro-koo'-lom) [micro-; coulomb]. 
The one-millionth part of a coulomb, q. v. 

microcoustic (mi-kro-koo'-stik or mik-ro-kows'-tik). 
Synonym of micracoustic. 

microcrith (mi'-kro-kriih) [micro-; KptB-q, barley]. 
A unit of molecular weight, equivalent to the weight 
of an atom of hydrogen. 

microcrystalline (mi-kro-kris'-tal-ln) [micro-; crys- 
talline]. Composed of crystals of microscopic size. 



MICROCOCCUS 



558 



MICROCOCCUS 



TABLE OF MICROCOCCI 



Name. 



M. "Coccus A" (Foutin) 

M. (Strepto-) acidi lactici (Groten- 

felt). 
M. (Pedio-) acidi lactici (Lindner) . . 

M. acidi lactici (Marpmann) 

M. acidi lactici liquefaciens (Kriiger) 
M. acidi paralactici (Nencki) 



M. of Adametz, Nos. I-VI 

M. aerogenes (Miller) 

M. agilis (Ali-Cohn) 

M. agilis citreus (Menge) 

M. (Sarcina) alba (Eisenberg) 

M. (Diplo-) albicans amplus 

(Bumm). 
M. (Diplo-) albicans tardissimus 

(Eisenberg and Bumm). 
M. (Diplo-) albicans tardus (Unna 

and Tommasoli). 

M. albidus (Roze) 

M. (Strepto-) albus (Maschek) 

M. (Staphylo-) albus 



M. (Pedio-) albus (Lindner) 

M. (Strepto-) of Aleppo boil 

(Nicolle and Noury). 
M. (Strepto-) apthicola (Hallier and 

Schottelius) . 

M. aquatilis (Bolton) 

M. aquatilis invisibilis (Vaughan) . . 
M. area celsii (Buchner and Sehlen) . 
M. (Strepto-) articulorum (Loffler). . 
M. (Sarcina) aurantiaca (Lindner 

and Koch). 
M. (Pedio-) aurantiacus (Cohn and 

Schroeter) . 
M. aurantiacus sorghi (Bruyning) . . 
M. (Sarcina) aurea (Mace) 



M. (Staphylo-) aureus 

M. "Coccus B" (Foutin) 

M. (Asco-) billrothii (Cohn) 

M. (Staphylo-) biskrae (Hydenreich) 

M. (Strepto-) bombycis (Bechamp) . 



M. (Strepto-) of Bonome 

M. (Asco-) botryogenes (Bollinger 

and Rabe). 

M. (Sarcina) Van den Corpat 

M. of Bovine Pneumonia (Poels 

and Nolen). 
M. ( Hcemato-) bovis 



Where Found. 



M. of Bronchitis (Picchini) 

M. butyri aromafaciens (Keith) .... 
M. (Strepto-) cadaveris (Sternberg). 

31. candicans (Flxigge) 

3L (Sarcina) Candida (Reincke) .... I 

31. candidus (Cohn) 

31. eapillorum 

31. carneus (Zimmermann) 

M. casei amari (Freudenreich) .... 

:M. catarrhalis 

:M. (Mycotetraedron) cellare (Hans- 

girg). 
31- iMycacantho-) cellaris (Hans- 

&**)• • „■ , 
M. cerasinus siccus (List) 

M. (Staphylo-) cereus albus (Passet) 

M. (Staphylo-) cereus aureus 

(Schroeter and Winkler). 
M. (Staphylo-) cereus flavus (Passet) 
M. (Pedio-) cerevisiae (Francke 

and Balcke). 
M. of Chicken-pox. See M. viridis 

flavescens. 

M. chlorinus (Cohn) 

M. (Strepto-) cinnabareus (Flugge) 



M. citreus (List) 

M. (Diplo-) citreus conglomeratus 
(Bumm). 



Hail . 

Milk 

Milk v 

Milk 

Butter and cheese 

Air, water, milk 

Emmerthaler cheese 

Water; alimentary tract 

Water 

Water 

Air, water 

Vaginal secretions 

Vaginal secretions 

Skin in eczema 

Potato scab 

Water 

Human milk; pus in osteo- 
myelitis. 

Well-water 

Pus in Aleppo boil 

Vesicular eruptions in sheep, 
cattle, and pigs. 

Water 

Water 

Diseased hairs in Alopecia areata 
Mucous membrane in diphtheria. 
Air, water, "Weissbier" 

Air, water, soil 

Blighted sorghum 

Pulmonary exudates in pneumo- 
nia cadaver. 

Carcinoma 

Hail : 

Saccharine fluids 

Water, air, pus in Aleppo boil 
and Biskra button. 

Silkworms with "la flecherie" or 
"schlafsucht." 

Meningeal exudates in cerebro- 
spinal meningitis. 

Mykodesmoids of horses 

Tainted sausage 

Lungs of cattle with infectious 

pleuro-pneumonia. 
Blood and viscera of cattle with 

hemoglobinuria. 

Sputum in bronchitis 

Butter 

Liver of yellow-fever cadaver 

Air, water 

Water and air about breweries . . . 

Water 

Scalp 

Water (Chemnitz) 

Bitter Swiss cheese 

Nasal and bronchial secretions . . . 
Cellar dust and soil 

Cellar dust 

Water 

Pus, water 

Nasal secretions in coryza 

Acute abscesses 

Turbid beer 

Water 

Air, water, red milk 

Water 

Air, dust, gonorrheal pus 



Primary Characters. 



Saprophytic. 
Zymogenic. 

Zymogenic. 
Zymogenic. 
Zymogenic. 
Symbiotic-zymogenic with Bacillus 

chauvei. 
Zymogenic. 

Chromogenic (yellowish). 
Chromogenic (pink-red). 
Chromogenic (yellow). 
Zymogenic. 
Saprophytic. 

Saprophytic. 

Pathogenesis undetermined. 

Saprophytic. 
Saprophytic. 
Saprophytic. 

Saprophytic. 
Pathogenic. 

Pathogenesis undetermined. 

Saprophytic. 
Saprophytic. 

Pathogenesis undetermined. 
Pathogenic. 

Zymogenic, chromogenic (orange- 
yellow; linoxanthine) . 
Chromoparous (orange-yellow) . 

Phytopathogenic. 
Zymogenic; chromogenic (golden- 
yellow). 
Saprophytic. 
Pathogenic. 
Zymogenic. 
Pathogenic. 

Pathogenic. 

Pathogenic. 

Pathogenic. 

Pathogenic. 
Pathogenic. 

Pathogenic. 

Pathogenic. 

Zymogenic. 

Saprophytic. 

Saprophytic. 

Zymogenic. 

Saprophytic. 

Chromogenic (red-yellow) . 

Chromogenic (red). 

Zymogenic. 

Pathogenic. 

Saprophytic. 

Saprophytic. 

Chromogenic (cherry-red). 
Chromogenic (gray). 
Chromogenic (orange-red). 

Chromogenic (lemon-yellow). 
Zymogenic. 



Chromophorous (green). 
Chromoparous (brick-red to ver- 
milion). 
Chromoparous (yellow). 
Chromogenic (lemon-yellow). 



MICROCOCCUS 



559 



MICROCOCCUS 



TABLE OF MICROCOCCI.— (Continued.) 



Name. 



M. (Diplo-) citreus liquefaciens 
(Unna and Tommasoli). 

M. (Strepto-) coli gracilis (Esch- 
erich). 

M. concentricus (Zimmermann) . . . . 

M. conglomeratus (Weichselbaum) . 

M. (Strepto-) conglomeratus (Kurth) 

M. (Strepto-) corona tus (Flugge) . . . 

M. (Diplo-) coryza? (Klebs and 
Hajek). 

M. (Strepto-) coryza? contagiosa? 
equorum (Schutz). 

M. cremoides (Zimmermann) 

M. cumulatus tenuis (Von Besser) . . 

M. cyaneus (Schroeter) 

M. decalvans (Schroeter) 

M. delacourianus (Roze) 

M. (Staphylo-) of Dengue (Mc- 
Laughlin). 

M. of Disse and Taguchi 

M. (Strepto-) endocarditidis rugatus 

(Weischselbaum) . 
M. (Staphylo-) epidermidis albus 

(Welch). 
M. (Strepto-) erysipelatis (Fehleisen) 

M. erythromyxa (Lafar) 

M. fervidosus (Adametz) 

M. finlayensis (Sternberg) 

M. fioccii 

M. (Sarcina) flavus (De Bary) 

M. flavidus 

M. flavus conjunctivae 

M. flavus desidens (Flugge) 

M. flavus liquefaciens (Flugge) 

M. flavus liquefaciens tardus (Unna 

and Tommasoli). 
M. flavus tardigradus (Flugge) 

M. (Diplo-) fluorescens fcetidus; 

(Klamann and Rosenbach). 
M. of Foot and Mouth Disease 

(Schottelius). 
M. of Forbes 

M. freudenreichii (Guillebeau) 

M. (Staphylo-) fulvus (Cohn) 

M. (Sarcina) fuscescens (Falken- 

heim). 
M. fuscus (Maschek) 

M. gelatinogenus (Brautigam) 

M. gelatinosus 

M. ghadialli 

M. gingivae pyogenes (Miller) 

M. gonorrhoeae (Neisser) 

M. "Gray Coccus" (Maschek) 

M. gummosus (Happ) 

M. haematodes (Babes) 

M. (Staphylo-) haemorrhagicus 
(Klein). 

M. (Strepto-) havaniensis (Stern- 
berg). 

M. (Strepto-) hollandicus (Weich- 
mann). 

M. humuli lauensis (Mohl) 

M. (Sarcina) hyalina (Kutzing) . . . . 

M. imperatoris (Roze) 

M. (Strepto-) insectorum (Burrill) . . 

M. (Sarcina) intestinalis (Zopf) . . . . 

M. (Diplo-) intracellularis menin- 
gitidis (Weichselbaum). 

M. of Kirchner 

M. (Diplo-) lacteus faviformis 
(Bumm). 

M. (Sphcero-) lactis acidi (Marp- 
mann). 

M. lactis viscosus (Conn) , 

M. lardarius (Krassilochtchik) 

M. latericeus (Dobrzyniecki) 



Where Found. 



Skin in eczema seborrhceicum 

Feces 

Water (Chemnitz) 

Water 

Cases of scarlet-fever 

Air 

Nasal secretions 

Pus of lymphatic glands in horses 
having infectious pneumonia. 

Water (Chemnitz) 

Nasal mucus (man) 

Air, water 

Scalp in alopecia areata 

Potatoes with black gangrene 
Blood in cases of dengue 

Blood and secretions in broad 
condyloma. 

On the valvular vegetations of 
ulcerative endocarditis. 

An almost constant inhabitant 
of the epidermis. 

Lymph channels in cases of ery- 
sipelas. 

Water (Halle) 

Water 

Viscera of yellow-fever cadaver. . . 

Conjunctival sac 

Beer, cheese, etc 

Potato scab 

Human conjunctiva 

Air, water 

Air, water 

Skin in cases of eczema sebor- 
rhceicum. 
Air, water 

Human nares 

Vesicular eruptions in cattle, 
pigs, and sheep. 

Diseased larvae of cabbage butter- 
fly, Pieris rapas. 

Ropy milk 

Dung of horses and rabbits 

Human stomach 

Water 

Ropy infusion of digitalis 

Ropy milk 

Water 

Alveolar abscess 

Gonorrheal pus 

Water 

Ropy infusion of senega 

Red sweat 

Vesicular eruption in sheep with 

"gargle." 
Vomit of yellow-fever patients 

Ropy milk 

Hops , 

Marsh water 

Potato scab 

Diseased Chinch-bugs and other 
insects. 

Intestines of fowls 

Exudates in cerebrospinal men- 
ingitis. 

Sputum in cases of influenza. . . .* 

Normal vaginal mucus 

Milk 

Bitter milk 

Grasserie of silk-worms 

Mouth 



Primary Characters. 



Chromogenic (lemon-yellow). 

Saprophytic. 

Chromogenic (brownish-yellow) . 

Saprophytic. 

Pathogenic. 

Saprophytic. 

Saprophytic. 

Pathogenic. 

Chromogenic (yellow). 
Saprophytic. 
Chromogenic (blue). 
Pathogenic. 
Phy topathogenic . 
Pathogenesis undetermined. 

Pathogenesis undetermined. 

Pathogenic. 

Pathogenic. 

Pathogenic. 

Chromogenic (red [liporhodinel] 

and yellow) . 
Chromogenic (faint-yellow). 
Chromogenic (pale-yellow). 
Pathogenic. 

Zymogenic; chromogenic (yellow). 
Saprophytic. 
Pathogenic. 

Chromogenic (yellowish-brown). 
Chromoparous (yellow). 
Chromogenic (yellow). 

Chromoparous (olive-green-yel- 
low). 
Chromogenic (grass-green- violet) . 

Pathogenic. 

Pathogenic. 

Zymogenic. 
Chromogenic (rose). 
Zymogenic. 

Zymogenic; chromogenic (dark- 
brown). 

Zymogenic. 

Zymogenic. 

Saprophytic. 

Pathogenic. 

Pathogenic. 

Chromogenic (bluish-gray-green) ; 
zymogenic. 

Zymogenic. 

Chromogenic (blood-red). 

Pathogenic. 

Pathogenesis undetermined. 

Zymogenic. 

Zymogenic. 
Zymogenic. 
Saprophytic. 
Pathogenic. 

Zymogenic. 
Pathogenic. 

Pathogenic. 
Saprophytic. 

Zymogenic. 

Zymogenic. 
Pathogenic. 
Chromogenic (brick-red). 



MICROCOCCUS 



560 



MICROCOCCUS 



TABLE OF MICROCOCCI.— (Continued.) 



Name. 



M. (Strepto-) liquefaciens (Stern- 
berg). 

M. liquefaciens conjunctivae 

M. (Sarcina) litoralis (Oersted) 

M. loewenbergii 

M. (Sarcina) lutea (Schroeter) .... 

M. (Diplo-) luteus (Adametz) 

M. luteus (Schroeter) 

M. lyssae (Neisser) 

M. (Slrepto-) manfredii 

M. (Strepto-) of Manneberg 

M. (Strepto-) of Marmorek 

M. (Strepto-) mastobius (Nocard, 
Malereau, and Kitt). 

M. (Sarcina) maxima (Lindner) 

Meningococcus. See M. intracellu- 
lars meningitidis. 

M. melitensis (Bruce) 

M. (Asco-) mesenterioides (Cien- 
kowski and Van Tieghem). 

M. (Coleothrix) methystes (Veley) . . 

M. (Sarcina) minuta (De Bary) 

M. (Strepto-) mirabilis (Roscoe and 
Lunt). 

M. (Strepto-) monomorphous (Buj- 
wid and Heryng). 

M. (Strepto-) morbillosus (Klebs 
and Keating). 

M. (Sarcina) morrhua? 

M. (Sarcina) of Mouth and Lungs 
(Fischer) . 

M. (Diplo-) of Mumps (Von Ley- 
den). 

M. (Strepto-) of Mycosis fungoides 
(Rindfleisch and Auspetz). 

M. nasalis (Hack) 

M. neoformans 

M. nitrificans (Van Tieghem) 

M. (Sarcina) nobilis (Maurea) 

M. nuclei (Roze) 

M. (Strepto-) ochroleucus (Prove 

and Legrain). 
M. orbicularis flavus (Ravenel) . . . . 
M. (Diplo-) orchitidis (Hugouneng 

and Eraud). 

M. osteomyelitidis (Becker) 

M. ovalis (Escherich) 

M. (Diplo-) of Ozena (Loewenberg) . 
M. (Sarcina) paludosa (Schroeter).. 

M. pellucidus (Roze) . . . 

M. (Diplo-) of Pemphigus acutus 

(Gibier). 
M. (Strepto-) peritonitidis equi 

(Hamburg) . 
M. (Diplo-) of Pertussis (Ritter) . . . 

M. petrolei (Renault) 

M. pfluegeri (Ludwig) 

M. phosphoreus (Conn) 

M. plumosus (Brautigam) 

M. (Diplo-) of Pneumonia (Fraen- 

kel). 

M. porcellorum 

M. of Progressive Abscess-formation 

in Rabbits (Koch). 
M. of Progressive Lymphoma of 

Animals. 
M. of Progressive Tissue Necrosis 

in Mice (Koch). 

M. pseudocyanus (Cohn) 

M. (Strepto-) psittaci (Eberth and 

Wolf). 
M. (Sarcina) pulmonum (Hauser).. 

M. putatus (Ravenel) 

M. putridus 

M. of Pyemia in Rabbits (Koch) . . . 

M. (Strepto-) pyogenes (Rosenbach) 
M. (Staphylo-) pyogenes albus 

(Rosenbach). 
M. (Staphylo-) pyogenes aureus 

(Rosenbach). 



Where Found. 



Liver of yellow-fever cadaver 

Normal human conjunctiva 

Sea-water 

Nose in ozena 

Water, potatoes, conjunctival sac 

Water 

Air, water, soil 

Spinal cord of rabid animals 

In progressive granuloma forma- 
tion; pneumonia sputum. 

Urine in acute nephritis 

In erysipelas 

Milk of sheep with gangrenous 
mastitis. 

Malt mashes 

Malta fever 

Beet-root-sap; molasses 

Faulty rum 

Sour milk /. 

Sewage 

Benign pharyngeal ulcers 

Blood and exudates in measles . . . 

Codfish 

Human mouth and lungs 

Parotid saliva 

Tissues in cases of granuloma fun- 
goides. 

Nasopharynx 

Malta fever 

Soil 

Old ascitic fluid 

Potatoes 

Human urine 

Soil 

Orchitis 

Osteomyelitis 

Meconium and feces of infants . . . 

Nasal secretions 

Marsh-water 

Potato scab . : 

Bullas of pemphigus 

Exudates in horses dead of peri- 
tonitis. 

Sputum of whooping-cough 

"Boghead" coal 

Luminous meat 

Fish 

Water 

Pulmonary exudate in acute lobar 
pneumonia. 

Swine with hepatitis 

Exudates of rabbits inoculated 
with putrid blood. 

Sputa of pneumonia after measles. 

Exudates of mice inoculated with 
putrid blood. 

Air 

Disease of gray parrots 

Sputum 

Soil 

Water 

Exudates of rabbits inoculated 
with putrid flesh. 

Pus .... . 

Stitch abscess . 

Air, soil, water, pus 



Primary Characters. 



Saprophytic. 

Saprophytic. 

Zymogenic; chromogenic (red). 
Pathogenic. 

Zymogenic; chromoparous (yel- 
low). 
Chromogenic (lemon-yellow). 
Chromoparous (sulphur-yellow) . 
Insufficiently studied. 
Pathogenic. 

Pathogenic. 
Pathogenic. 
Pathogenic. 

Zymogenic. 



Pathogenic. 
Zymogenic. 

Zymogenic. 
Zymogenic. 
Saprophytic. 

Saprophytic. 

Pathogenesis undetermined. 

Zymogenic. 
Zymogenic. 

Pathogenic. 

Pathogenesis undetermined. 

Saprophytic. 
Pathogenic. 
Zymogenic. 

Zymogenic; chromogenic (brick- 
red). 
Saprophytic. 
Chromoparous (sulphur-yellow). 

Saprophytic. 
Pathogenic. 

Pathogenic; zymogenic. 

Saprophytic. 

Saprophytic. 

Zymogenic. 

Phytopathogenic. 

Pathogenic. 

Pathogenic. 

Pathogenesis undetermined. 

Saprophytic. 

Photogenic. 

Photogenic. 

Chromogenic (yellowish). 

Pathogenic. 

Pathogenic. 
Pathogenic. 

Pathogenic. 

Pathogenic. 

Chromogenic (verdigris-green). 
Pathogenic. 

Zymogenic. 
Saprophytic. 
Zymogenic. 
Pathogenic. 

Pathogenic. 
Pathogenic. 

Pathogenic; zymogenic; chromo- 
genic (orange-yellow). 



MICROCOCCUS 



561 



MICROCOCCUS 



TABLE OF MICROCOCCI.— (Continued.) 



Name. 



M. (Staphylo-) pyogenes citreus 

(Passet) 
M. (Strepto-) pyogenes maligni 

(Krause and Fliigge). 
M. pyogenes tenuis (Rosenbach) . . . 
M. (Diplo-) pyogenes urea? (Rdrs- 

ing). 
M. (Diplo-) pyogenes urea? flavus 

(Rorsing) . 
M. (Staphylo-) pyosepticus (Richet) 

M. (Strepto-) radiatus (Fliigge) 

M. (Sarcina) reitenbachii (Caspary) 

M. (Sarcina) renis (Hepworth) 

M. rheumaticus (Poynton and 

Payre). 

M. of Rhine Water (Burri) 

M. rhodocrous 

M. (Sarcina) rosea (Menge and 

Schroeter) . 
M. of Rose-red Disease of Wheat 

(Prillieux). 

M. rosettaceus (Zimmermann) 

M. (Diplo-) roseus (Bumm) 

M. roseus (Maggiora) 

M. (Strepto-) rubiginosus (Eding- 

ton). 
M. (Staphylo-) salivarius pyogenes 

(Biondi). 
M. (Strepto-) sanguinis canis (Pit- 
field). 

M. saprogenes vini (Kramer) 

M. scarlatinosus (Cose and Feltz) . . 



M. of Schmidt-Mulheim 

M. of. Schiitz 

M. (Strepto-) of Septicemia in 

Rabbits (Koch). 

M. (Strepto-) septicus (Fliigge) 

M. (Strepto-) septicus liquefaciens 

(Babes). 
M. (Strepto-) septopyaemicus (Bi- 
ondi). 

M. sialosepticus 

M. sordidus (Dyar) 

M. sornthalii (Adametz) 

M. stellatus (Maschek) 

M. (Diplo-) subflavus (Flugge) 

M. of Syphilis (Haberkon and 

Marcus). 
M. tetragenus (Achard and Gaillard) 
M. tetragenus (Bosc and Galarielle) 

M. tetragenus (Gaffky) 

M. tetragenus (Marotta) 

M. tetragenus febris flavse (Finlay 

and Sternberg). 
M. tetragenus mobilis ventriculi 

(Mendosa). 
M. tetragenus subflavus (Von 

Besser). 
M. (Strepto-) toxicatus (Burrill) 
M. of Trachoma (Sattler and 

Michel). 
M. (Diplo-) of Trachoma (Sny- 

daeker) . 

M. uberis (Dinwiddie) 

M. unnae (Lareddo) 



Where Found. 



Pus. 



M. ureae (Pasteur and Cohn) 

M. (Strepto-) ureas liquefaciens 
(Fliigge). 

M. (Sarcina) urinas (Welcker) 

M. urinae albus olearius (Doyen) . . . 
M. urinae flavus olearius (Doyen) . . . 

M. urinae major (Doyen) 

M. urinalbus (Doyen) 



M. (Strepto-) varians (Ewart) 

M. (Strepto-) variolas et vaccinae 

(Cohn). 
M. (Sarcina) ventriculi (Goodsir) . . 

M. (Strepto-) vermiformis (Mas- 
chek). 
M. versatilis 



Leukemic spleen. 



Pus 

Purulent urine . 



Purulent urine . 



Carcinomatous tumor of dog 

Air, water 

Decaying water-plants 

Lungs in tuberculous cadavers 

Blood and synovial fluid in acute 
rheumatic fever. 

Water (Rhine) 

Stomach of goose 

Air, red milk, beer 



Bacteriosis of wheat . 



Water (Chemnitz) , 

Air 

On the skin 

Case of scarlatina. 



Saliva of child with scarlatina . . . 
Blood of dogs 



Wine 

Blood, skin, mouth, etc., of scar- 
let-fever patient. 

Milk... 

Slimy milk 

Exudates of rabbits inoculated 
with putrid flesh. 

Soil 

Case of septicemia 



Phlegmonous angina . 



Primary Characters. 



Saliva in case of septicemia 

Water 

Puffy Sornthal cheese 

Water 

Vaginal mucus 

White blood-corpuscles in case of 
syphilis. 

Variolous vesicle 

Gangrenous pulmonary cavity 

Acute angina, "Angine sableuse" . 

Vesicles in small-pox 

Case of yellow-fever 



Stomach 

Nasal mucus . 



On poison ivy 

Secretions and nodules in tra- 
choma. 
Secretions in trachoma 



Milk 

Vesicles in acute and chronic 
eczema. 

Air, water, ammoniacal urine 

Urine 



Urine 

Urine of cystitis 

Urine of cystitis 

Urine of cystitis 

Urine in cystitis and pyelone- 
phritis. 

Water 

Lymph of vaccine pustules 



Diseased stomach .... 

Water 

Yellow-fever cadaver. 



Pathogenic; chromogenic (lemon- 
yellow). 
Pathogenic. 

Pathogenic. 
Saprophytic. 

Saprophytic. 

Pathogenic. 

Chromogenic (yellow- green). 

Saprophytic. 

Zymogenic. 

Pathogenic. 

Saprophytic. 

Chromogenic (red), liporhodine. 

Chromogenic (intense red). 

Phytopathogenic. 

Chromogenic (grayish-yellow). 
Chromogenic (pink). 
Chromogenic (pink). 
Saprophytic. 

Pathogenic. 

Pathogenic. 

Zymogenic. 

Pathogenesis under termined. 

Zymogenic. 
Zymogenic. 
Pathogenic. 

Pathogenic. 
Pathogenic. 

Pathogenic. 

Pathogenic. 

Zymogenic. 

Zymogenic. 

Chromogenic (brownish-yellow) . 

Pathogenic. 

Chromogenic (red). 

Chromogenic (yellow). 

Pathogenic. 

Zymogenic; pathogenic. 

Zymogenic. 

Chromogenic (lemon-yellow) . 

Zymogenic. 

Saprophytic. 

Pathogenic. 
Saprophytic. 

Saprophytic. 

Zymogenic. 
Pathogenic. 

Zymogenic. 
Zymogenic. 

Saprophytic. 

Saprophytic. 

Chromogenic (golden-yellow). 

Saprophytic. 

Saprophytic. 

Chromophorous (green). 
Pathogenic. 

Zymogenic; chromoparous (faint- 
yellow) . 
Chromogenic (yellow). 

Saprophytic. 



MICROCOCCUS 



562 



MICROPATHOLOGY 



TABLE OF MICROCOCCI.— (Concluded.) 



Name. 

M. versicolor (Fliigge) 

M. (A sco-) vibrans (Van Tieghem) . 

M. (Strepto-) vini perda 

M. (Sarcina) violaceus (Kutzing) . . . 

M. violaceus (Cohn) 

M. violaceus (Schroeter) 

M. (Staphylo-) viridis flavescens 
(Guttmann). 

M. viscosus (Pasteur) ....". 

M. viticulosus (Katz and Fliigge) . . 

M. of Weigmann 

M. (Sarcina) welckerii (Rossmann). 
M. of Whooping-cough (Letzerich) . 
M. (Crypto-) xanthogenicus (Freire) . 



Where Found. 

Air, water 

Water 

Spoiled wine 

Water 

Water 

Air, water 

Lymph of varicella pustules 

Ropy wort and beer 

Air, water 

Slimy milk, "langerwei". . . 

Urine 

Sputum in whooping-cough . 
Yellow-fever 



Primary Characters. 



Chromogenic (green-yellow). 

Saprophytic. 

Zymogenic. 

Chromogenic (violet). 

Chromoparous (violet-blue). 

Chromo parous (violet). 

Chromogenic (greenish-yellow). 

Zymogenic. 

Saprophytic. 

Zymogenic. 

Zymogenic. 

Pathogenesis undetermined. 

Pathogenic. 



microcyst (mi'-kro-sist) [micro-; kvo-tis, a cyst]. 
A cyst ot very small size. 

microcytase (mi-kro-si'-tase). An enzyme found 
in leukocytes and capable of digesting microorgan- 
isms. 

microcyte (mi'-kro-sit) [micro-; kvtos, a cell]. A 
small red blood-corpuscle. 

microcythemia, microcythaemia (mi-kro-si-the'-me- 
ah) [microcyte; alpa, blood]. A condition of the 
blood characterized by abnormally small erythro- 
cytes. 

microcytosis (mi-kro-si-to'-sis). Same as micro- 
cythemia. 

microdactylia (mi-kro-dak-til'-e-ah) [micro-; Sax- 
tuXos, finger]. Abnormal smallness of the fingers. 

microdont (mi'-kro-dont) [micro-; odovs, tooth]. 
Having small teeth. 

microdontism (mi-kro-don'-tizm) [micro-; 65ovs, 
tooth]. Abnormal smallness of the teeth. 

microelectrometer (mi-kro-e-lek-trom'-e-ter) [micro- ; 
electrometer]. An apparatus for estimating minute 
amounts and intensities of electricity. 

microfarad (mi-kro-far'-ad). The one-millionth 
part of a farad, q. v. 

microgalvanic (mi-kro-gal-van'-ik). Relating to 
very small galvanic currents. 

microgamete (mi-kro-gam'-et) [micro-; yapos, 
marriage]. A male sexual cell among sporozoa. 

microgametocyte (mi-kro-gam-ef -o-sit) . The cell 
which produces the microgametes in Protozoa. 

microgamy (mi-krog'-am-e) [micro-; ya.fj.os, mar- 
riage]. Conjugation between young protozoan cells. 

microgastria (mi-kro-gas'-tre-ah) [micro-; yao-Trjp, 
stomach]. Smallness of the stomach. 

microgenesis (mi-kro-jen'-es-is) [micro-; y'&tavi, 
origin]. Abnormally small development of a part. 

microgenia (mi-kro-je'-ne-ah) [micro-; yeveiov, 
chin]. Abnormal or congenital smallness of the 
chin. 

microglossia (mi-kro-glos'-e-ah) [micro-; y\u>aro-a, 
tongue]. Abnormal smallness of the tongue. 

micrognathia (mi-krog-na'-the-ah) [micro-; yvados, 
jaw]. Abnormal smallness of the jaws, especially 
of the lower jaw. 

microgonidium (mi-kro-go-nid'-e-um) [micro-; yovi}, 
generation, seed: pi., microgonidia]. In biology, a 
relatively small-sized gonidium. 

microgram (mi'-kro-gram) [micro-; gram]. A 
millionth part of a gram. 

micrograph (mi'-kro-graf) [micro-; ypa<peii>, to 
delineate], i. A device for enabling one to draw 
sketches on a very small scale. 2. An instrument 
that magnifies the vibrations of a diaphragm and 
records them on a moving photographic film. 

micrography (mi-krog'-ra-fe) [micro-; ypafaiv, to 
write]. 1. A description of bodies that are studied 
under the microscope. 2. Very minute writing. 

microgyria (mi-kro-ji'-re-ah) [micro-; yvpos, gyrus]. 
Smallness of the convolutions of the brain. 

microhistology (mi-kro-his-tol'-o-je). Synonym of 
micristology. 

microhm (mi'-krom) [micro-; ohm]. The millionth 
part of an ohm. 

microkinesis (mi-kro-kin-e'-sis) [micro-; Kivr/cns, 
motion]. Involuntary muscular movements, espe- 
cially in infants. 

microlentia (mi-kro-len'-te-ah) [micro-; lens]. The 
state of having an abnormally small crystalline lens. 



microliter (mi'-kro-le-ter) [micro-; liter]. The 
millionth part of a liter. 

microlith (mi'-kro-lith) [micro-; \lOos, stone]. A 
microscopic calculus. 

micrology '(mi-krol'-o-je) [micro-; \6yos, a treatise]. 
A treatise on minute objects, especially microscopic 
objects. 

micromania (mi-kro-ma'-ne-ah) [micro-; mania]. 
A form of insanity in which the patient believes 
himself diminutive in size and mentally inferior. 

micromazia (mi-kro-ma'-ze-ah). An abnormal 
smallness of the breasts. 

micromelia (mi-kro-me'-le-ah) [micro-; pk\os, limb]. 
Abnormal smallness of the limbs. 

micromelus (mi-krom'-el-us) [micro-; pe\os, a 
limb]. A single autositic monster of the species 
ectromelus, characterized by the presence of ab- 
normally small limbs. 

micromerology (mi-kro-me-rol'-o-je) [micro-; pkpos, 
part; X670J, science]. The science of anatomical 
segments. 

micrometer (mi-krom'-et-er) [micro-; pkrpov, a 
measure]. An instrument designed for measuring 
minute objects seen through the microscope, m., 
eyepiece, m., ocular, a micrometer to be used with 
the eyepiece of a microscope, m.-screw, a fine 
screw with a scale attached showing the distance 
passed at each fraction of a revolution, m., stage-, 
a micrometer attached to the stage of a micro- 
scope. 

micrometry (mi-krom'-et-re) [micrometer]. The 
measurement of objects by a micrometer. 

micromil (mi'-kro-mil). An abbreviation of micro- 
millimeter. m 

micromillimeter (mi-kro-miV '-im-e-ter) [micro-; mil- 
limeter]. 1. The one-millionth part of a millimeter. 
2. More commonly used to denote the one- thousandth 
part of a millimeter or the one-millionth part of a 
meter. It is the unit of microscopic measurements, 
and is the equivalent of sdta?? of an English inch. 
Symbol p.. Syn., micron. 

micrommatous (mi-krom'-at-us) [micro-; oppa, 
eye]. Small-eyed. 

micromotoscope (mi-kro-mo'-to-skop) [micro-; mov- 
ere, to move; a-Koirelv, to view]. An apparatus for 
photographing and exhibiting motile microorganisms. 

micromyelia (mi-kro-mi-e'-le-ah) [micro-; pveXSs, 
marrow]. Abnormal smallness of the myel, or 
spinal cord. 

micron (mi'-kron). See micromillimeter (2). 

micronemous (mi-kron' -em-us) [micro-; vrjpa, a 
thread]. Furnished with short filaments. 

micronucleus (mi-kro-nu'-kle-us) [micro-; nucleus], 
A small or minute nucleus. In biology, Maupas' 
term for the paranucleus, or the nucleolus of other 
authorities. 

micro-organism (mi-kro-or'-gan-izm) [micro- ; organ- 
ism] . A microscopic being of the animal or vegetable 
kingdom, especially the vegetable group known as 
bacteria. 

microparasite (mi-kro-par'-as-it) [micro-; irapaxnTos, 
a parasite]. A parasitic bacterium or other micro- 
organism. 

micropathological (mi-kro-path-o-loj'-ik-al) [micro- ; 
■n-affos, disease; \6yos, science]. Pertaining to micro- 
pathology. 

micropathology (mi-kro-path-ol'-o-je) [micro-; path- 
ology]. 1. The study of minute pathological changes. 



MICROPENIS 



563 



MIDGUT 



2. The study of microorganisms in their relation 
to disease. 

micropenis (mi-kro-pe'-nis). Abnormal smallness 
of the penis. 

microphage (mi'-kro-fdj) [micro-; <bayeiv, to devour]. 
A small phagocyte. 

microphagus {mi-krof'-ag-us). A microphage. 

microphonia (mi-kro-fo'-be-ah) . See microbiophobia. 

microphone {mi'-kro-fon) [micro-; <buvh., sound]. 
An instrument that amplifies feeble sounds and 
renders them audible. 

microphonograph (mi-kro-fo'-no-graf). A combi- 
nation of the microphone and the phonograph. 

microphonoscope (mi-kro-fo'-no-skop) [micro-; fyutvi), 
sound; aKo-welv, to view]. A binaural stethoscope 
with a membrane in the chest-piece to accentuate 
the sound. 

microphotograph {mi-kro-fo'-to-graf) [micro-; photo- 
graph}, i. A photograph of microscopic size. 2. See 
photomicrograph. 

microphthalmus (mi-krof-thal'-mus) [micro-; cxbddh- 
Itbs, eye], 1. The condition of having an ab- 
normally small eye. 2. A person having such an 
eye. 

microphyte (mi-kro'-fit) [micro-; <j>vr6v, a plant]. 
Any microscopic plant, especially one that is para- 
sitic. 

micropia (mi-kro'-pe-ah). See micropsia. 

microplanar (mi-kro-pla'-nar) [micro-; planus, 
flat]. The name given to anastigmatic objectives 
of the most perfect correction, and designed especially 
for use in photographing small objects, like embryos, 
and for microprojection. 

microplasia {mi-kro-pla'-ze-ah) [micro-; vXcutls, 
a molding]. Arrested development. 

micropolariscope (mi-kro-po-lar'-is-kop) [micro-; 
Polaris, polar; oko-kHv, to view]. A polariscope used 
in connection with a microscope. 

microprojection {mi-kro-pro-jek'-shun). The pro- 
jection of the image of microscopic objects on a 
screen. 

microprosopa (mi-kro-pro-so'-pah) [micro-; irpoau- 
■kov, face]. Congenital smallness of the face. 

microprotein (mi-kro-pro'-te-in). See mycoprotein. 

micropsia (mi-krop'-se-ah) [micro-; 6\J/is, sight]. 
A defective state of vision in which objects appear 
very small. 

micropsychia (mi-kro-si'-ke-ah) [micro-; ipvxv, 
mind]. Weak-mindedness. 

micropus (mi-kro'-pus) [micro-; irovs, foot]. Ab- 
normal smallness of the feet; a congenital defect. 

micropyle (mi'-kro-pil) [micro-; itiiXtj, gate; orifice]. 
The small opening in an ovum through which the 
spermatozoon may penetrate. 

microrrhinia (mi-kro-rin'-e-ah) [micro-; pis, nose]. 
Congenital atrophy or smallness of the nose. 

microscelous {mi-kros'-el-us) [micro-; oxeAos, leg]. 
Short-legged. 

microscope (mi'-kro-skop) [micro-; aKowelv, to 
view]. An apparatus through which minute objects 
are rendered visible. It consists of a lens or group 
of lenses by which a magnified image of the object 
is produced, m., binocular, a microscope having 
divergent oculars, one for each eye, so that the 
object is seen with both eyes, m., compound, one 
that consists of two or more lenses or lens-systems, 
of which one, the objective, placed near the object, 
gives an enlarged and inverted real image; the other, 
the ocular, acting like a simple microscope, gives an 
enlarged virtual image of the real image, m., simple, 
one consisting of one or more lenses or lens-systems 
acting as a single lens. The rays of light that enter 
the eye of the observer, after refraction through 
these lenses, proceed directly from the object 
itself. 

microscopic (mi-kro-skop'-ik) [microscope]. 1. Per- 
taining to the microscope. 2. Visible only with the 
aid of a microscope. 

microscopist (mi-kros'-ko-pist) [microscope]. One 
who is skilled in the use of the microscope. 

microscopy (mi-kros'-ko-pe) [microscope]. The 
use of the microscope; examination with the micro- 
scope. 

microseme (mi'-kro-sem) [micro-; <rrjp.a, sign; 
index]. Having the orbital index less than 83. 

microsmatic (mi-kros-mat'-ik) [micro-; 607x17, a 
smell]. Having ill-developed olfactory organs. 

microsol (mi'-kro-sol). Trade name of an anti- 
septic mixture of copper sulphocarbolate, copper 
-sulphate and diluted sulphuric acid. 



microsoma (mi-kro-so'-mah) [micro-; acbua, body]. 
In biology, small chromatin-granules in the cell- 
nuclei. 

microsomia (mi-kro-so'-me-ah) [see microsoma]. 
Abnormal smallness of the whole body. 

microspectroscope (mi-kro-spek'-tro-skop) [micro-; 
spectrum; aicoirelv, to view]. A spectroscope used 
in connection with the ocular of a microscope, and 
by means of which the spectra of microscopic objects 
can be examined. 

microsphyxia (mi-kro-sfiks'-e-ah) [micro-; <r<pv%i$, 
pulse]. Weakness or smallness of the pulse. 

Microspira (mi-kros'-pir-ah) [micro-; arwelpa, a 
coil]. A genus of Spirillacece with rigid cells, and 
one, rarely two or three polar flagella. 

Microspironema (mi-kro-spi-ro-ne'-mah) . A genus 
of protozoa, same as Spironema, q. v. 

microsplanchnus {mi-kro-splangk' -nus) [micro-; 
airKayxvov, viscus]. Having small viscera. 

Microsporidia (mi-kro-spor-id'-e-ah) [micro-; airopos, 
seed]. A genus of the class of Sporozoa, occurring 
as parasites in the muscles of the frog, the marsh- 
tortoise, worms, and insects. 

microsporon (mi-kro-spo'-ron) [see microsporidia]. 
A fungus to which several diseases of the skin and 
hair are believed to be due. m. furfur. See tinea 
versicolor. 

microstat (mi'-kro-stat) [micro-; ararbs, fixed]. 
The stage and finder of the miscrocope. 

microstethophone {mi-kro-steth'-o-fon) [micro-; 
crTrjdos, chest; ip&irq, sound]. A stethoscope which 
magnifies the sounds heard. 

microstethoscope (mi-kro-steth'-o-skop) [micro-; 
stethoscope]. A stethoscope which magnifies the 
sounds heard. 

microsthenic {mi-kro-sthen'-ik) [micro-; trdevos, 
power]. Having feeble muscular power. 

microtesia (mi-kro-te'-ze-ah) [puKporris, smallness]. 
Congenital smallness of part of the body. 

microstomia (mi-kro-sto'-me-ah) [micro-; <rr6xta, 
mouth]. Abnormal smallness of the mouth. 

microtherm (mi'-kro-therm) [micro-; Bkpp.^, heat]. 
An organism in which the life-processes are carried 
on at a low temperature. 

microtia (mi-kro'-she-ah) [micro-; ovs, ear]. Ab- 
normal smallness of the external ear. 

microtome (mi'-kro-tom) [micro-; Tkpv&.v, to cut]. 
An instrument for making thin sections for micro- 
scopic examination, m., freezing, one in which the 
tissue is frozen, in order to secure the hardness re- 
quired for properly cutting sections. 

microtomy (mi-krot'-o-me) [microtome]. Section- 
cutting. 

microtrichia (mi-kro-trik'-e-ah) [micro-; 0pl£, hair]. 
Shortness or fineness of the hair. 

microunit (mi-kro-u' -nit) . A unit of minute 
measurements; the one-millionth part of an ordinary 
unit. 

microvolt (mi'-kro-volt). One-millionth of a volt. 

microxycyte (mi-kroks'-is-it) [micro-; 6£us, sharp; 
kvtos, a cell], A cell containing fine oxyphil granules 
and a more or less pigmented nucleus, occurring in 
the peritoneal fluid of infected subjects. 

microxyphil (mi-kroks'-e-fil) . See microxycyte. 

microzyme (mi'-kro-zim) [micro-; fu/ij/, leaven]. 
One of certain minute particles of living matter that 
are by some supposed to be living organisms capable 
of an independent existence, and which are the cause 
of normal and pathological fermentation; the real 
agents of the functions of the organism, the perversion 
of whose function constitutes disease. 

miction (mik'-shun) . Same as micturition. 

mictocystis (mik-to-sis'-tis) [piktos, mixed; kvcttls, 
a bag]. An organic sac made up of different textures. 

mictopyous (mik-top'-e-us) [jiiktos, mixed; irvov, 
pus]. Mixed with pus. 

micturition (mik-tu-rish'-un) [micturire, to urinate]. 
The act of passing urine, m.-center, the center 
governing the act of micturition; it is situated in the 
lumbar region of the spinal cord. 

mid- [AS., mid, middle; with]. A prefix meaning 
middle; also with. 

midaxilla (mid-aks-il'-ah) . The center of the axilla. 

midbody (mid'-bod-e). A mass of granules formed 
in the equator of the spindle during the anaphase of 
mitosis. 

midbrain. The mesencephalon. 

midfrontal. Pertaining to the middle of the fore- 
head. 

midgut. See mesogasler. 



MIDOL 



564 



MILK 



midol (mid'-ol). A proprietary headache remedy 
containing pyramidon and caffeine. 

midriff [mid-; hrif, belly]. The diaphragm. 

midsternum (mid-ster'-num) [mid-; sternum]. The 
mesosternum. 

midwife [mid; wif, a woman]. A female nurse, 
or other woman, who attends women in childbirth. 

midwifery [midwife]. Obstetrics. 

Miescher's tubes (me'-sher) [Johann Friedrich 
Miescher, German pathologist, 1811-1887]. Proto- 
plasmic masses (Sarcosporidia) surrounded by a 
distinct cuticle, and breaking up into a series of 
spores when mature; they are met in the muscular 
tissue of domestic animals. 

migraf (mi'-graf). A portable microscope and 
camera combined, designed for the observation of 
microscopic objects and for making a quick and 
permanent record of the same. 

migrainator (mig'-ra-ria-tor). An apparatus for 
the relief of migraine consisting of two plates held 
by a spring for the compression of the temporal 
arteries and regulation of the circulation of the blood 
in the head. 

migraine {me' -gran) [Fr., from ^tn> half; upavlov, 
skull]. A paroxysmal affection characterized by 
headache, usually unilateral, and by gastric, vaso- 
motor, and visual disturbances. 

migrainin (mig'-ra-nin) [migraine]. A name given 
to a mixture of antipyrine, citric acid, and caffeine. 
It is used for the treatment of migraine, of the head- 
ache of influenza, and of that due to alcohol, tobacco, 
and morphine. Dose 15-45 gr. (1-3 Gm.) in 24 
hours. 

migration (mi-gra'-shun) [migrare, to wander]. 
A wandering, m., external (of the ovum), the 
passage of the ovum from an ovary to the tube 
of the opposite side, m., internal (of the ovum), 
the passage of the ovum through the tube related 
to the ovary from which the ovule was discharged, 
into the uterus and across into the opposite tube. 
m. of ovum, the passage of the ovum from the ovary 
to the Fallopian tube. m. of white corpuscles, one 
of the phenomena of inflammation, consisting in the 
passage of the white corpuscles of the blood through 
the vessel-wall. 

migratory (mi'-grat-o-re) [migrare, to wander]. 
Characterized by wandering, or changing locality. 
m. pneumonia. See -pneumonia migrans. 

migrol (mig'-rol). A proprietary remedy for 
migraine, said to consist of caffeine, sodium bicarbo- 
nate, and guaiacetin. 

migrosine (mig'-ro-sin). A mixture of menthol 
and acetic ether used in migraine. 

mika operation (mi'-kah) [African]. A method 
in vogue among certain African tribes for the purpose 
of preventing impregnation. It consists in the 
formation of a permanent urethro-perineal fistula 
in the male. 

mikozone (mi'-ko-zon). A variety of chlorodyne, 
used as a hypnotic and sedative. 

mikro- (mi'-kro-). See micro-. 

mikron (mi'-kron). Same as micron. 

Mikulicz's cells (mik'-oo-lits) [Johannes von 
Mikulicz, Polish surgeon, 1850-1005]. Vesicular 
cells found in the diseased tissue in cases of rhino- 
scleroma and containing Bacillus rhinoscleromatis. 
M.'s dictum, that it is highly dangerous to give a 
general anesthetic to a patient whose hemoglobin 
percentage is below 30. M.'s disease, chronic 
hypertrophic enlargement of the lacrimal and 
salivary glands. M.'s drain, a method of draining 
the abdominal cavity after operation. A piece of 
iodoform-gauze, with a string tied to its center, is 
placed in the cavity, and into this improvised sac 
considerably more gauze is packed. Pressure is thus 
induced while the capillary action of the sac secures 
drainage. M.'s operation. 1. For the removal of 
tonsillar tumors: it is done by an incision through the 
neck, the cut extending from the mastoid process 
downward and forward as far as the great cornu of 
the hyoid bone; the ascending ramus of the jaw is 
then resected and the wall of the pharynx is divided ; 
a preliminary tracheotomy is performed. 2. For 
larsectomy: the same as Wladimiroff's operation, but 
independently designed. 

mil [mille, a thousand]. 1. The one-thousandth 
part of an inch. 2. The one-thousandth part of a 
liter; the modern equivalent of a cubic centimeter. 
m., circular, the area of a circle the one-thousandth 
of an inch in diameter. 



milammeter {mil-am' -et-ur). Same as milliampere- 
meter. 

milchlin (miltsh'-lin). A condensed skimmed 
milk; when diluted with water it is said to resemble 
ordinary milk. 

mildew (mil'-du) [AS., melededw, honey-dew]. A 
common name for minute fungi parasitic on plants, 
and also found on dead vegetable substances. 

mildiol (mil'-di-ol). A disinfectant said to consist 
of a mixture of creosote and petroleum. 

milfoil (mil' -foil). See Achillea. 

miliaria (mil-e-a'-re-ah) [milium]. An acute in- 
flammatory disease of the sweat-glands, the lesions 
consisting of vesicles and papules, accompanied by a 
pricking or tingling sensation. It occurs especially 
in summer, is due to excessive sweating, runs an 
acute or subacute course, and is followed by slight 
desquamation. Relapses are common, m. alba, 
m. arthritica, a form occurring only in those affected 
with gouty or rheumatic cardiac disease, m. crystal- 
lina, a variety of miliaria in which the sweat accumu- 
lates under the superficial horny layers of the epi- 
dermis to form small, clear, transparent vesicles. 
Syn., sudamina crystallina. m. papulosa, the well- 
known "prickly heat." m. rubra. See miliaria. 

miliary (mil'-e-a-re) [milium]. 1. Of the size of a 
millet-seed, as miliary aneurysm, miliary tubercle. 
2. Attended or characterized by the formation of 
numerous lesions the size of a millet-seed, as miliary 
tuberculosis, m. fever. See miliaria, m. tubercu- 
losis. See tuberculosis, miliary. 

milium (mil'-e-um) [L., "millet-seed"]. 1. A 
disease of the skin characterized by the formation of 
small, pearly, noninflammatory elevations (milia) 
situated mainly on the face. It is due to the occlu- 
sion of the ducts of sebaceous follicles, the secretion 
of which accumulates and distends the follicles. 
2. One of the elevations characteristic of milium. 
m., amyloid. Synonym of molluscum contagiosum r 
a. v. m., colloid, a rare skin-disease characterized 
by the presence, especially on the bridge of the nose, 
forehead, and cheeks, of minute, shining, flat, or 
slightly raised lesions of a pale-lemon or bright- 
lemon color. It is a form of colloid degeneration of 
the skin, affecting persons of middle or advanced age. 

milk. The opaque white secretion of the mam- 
mary glands of the female of mammalia. Cream 
from which the fatty matter has been removed 








5 


8 

s 

s 


i 


-§ 

^ 


1 

"3 


1 


Human milk. . . 


2.90 


2.4O 


0.57 


5.87 


0.16 


12.00 


88.OO 


Cow's milk .... 


3-50 


3.98 


0.77 


4.00 


0.17 


13-13 


86.87 


Camel's milk. . . 


2.90 


3 


84 


5.66 


0.66 


13.06 


86.94 


Goat's milk. . . . 


4.20 


3.00 


0.62 


4.00 


0.56 


12.46 


87.54 


Ass's milk 


1.02 


1.09 


0.70 


5-50. 


0.42 


8.83 


91.17 


Mare's milk . . . 


2.50 


2.19 


0.42 


5.5o 


0.50 


11.20 


88.80 


Sheep's milk . . . 


5-30 


6.10 


1. 00 


4.20 ! 1. 00 


17-73 


82.27 



is known as buttermilk. Skimmed milk is that 
from which the cream has been removed, m.- 
catalase, an enzyme of cow's milk capable of decom- 
posing hydrogen dioxide and similar compounds; 
it is rendered inactive by heating to 8o° C. m., 
condensed, cow's milk from which a large part of the 
water has been evaporated, a syrupy liquid remaining 
which is preserved with or without the addition of 
sugar, m.-crust. See crusta lactea. m.-cure, the 
method of treating certain diseases by an exclusive 
diet of milk, m.-cyst, a cyst of the galactophorous 
duct, m., diabetic, a prepared milk containing a 
small percentage of lactose, m.-fever, a slight rise 
of temperature attending the establishment of the 
secretion of milk. It is due to a mild degree of septic 



MILKINE 



565 



MIRROR 



intoxication, m.-leg. See phlegmasia alba dolens. 
m.-punch, a preparation made by adding brandy, 
whisky, or rum to milk in the proportion of about 
•one to four or six parts, and flavoring with sugar and 
nutmeg, m.-sickness, a disease of cattle communi- 
cable to persons who drink their milk or eat their flesh; 
it is marked by chills and trembling, vomiting, and 
disorder of the alimentary functions, m.-somatose, 
a food-preparation similar to somatose made from 
meat but containing 5 % of tannin, m.-spot. See 
strophtdus. m.-sugar, the sweet principle of milk; 
lactose, q. v. m.-teeth, the teeth of the first dentition, 
m.-tester, a lactometer, m.-tumor, a tumor of the 
breast from retention of milk, m.-vine, the plant 
Periploca grceca. m., virgin's, rose water rendered 
milky by the addition of tincture of benzoin. 

milkine {mil' -ken). A concentrated compound of 
cow's milk, so %; malted cereals, 44 %, beef, 5 %\ 
calcium hydroxide, 0.5 %; and sodium chloride, 
0.5 %. It is a light yellow powder with sweet taste 
and marked odor. 

Millar's disease (mil'-ar) [John Millar, Scottish 
physician, 1735-1801]. Laryngismus stridulus. 

Millard-Gubler's syndrome. See Gubler's hemi- 
plegia. 

Millard's test for albumin in urine (mil'-ard) [Henry 
B. Millard, American physician, 1832-1893]. Add a 
mixture of carbolic acid, acetic acid, and liquor 
potassa? to the suspected urine; if albumin is present 
a white precipitate will be thrown down. 

milli- (mil-e-) [mille, thousand]. A prefix meaning 
a thousand. 

milliamperage (mil-e-am' -par-ahzj) . The ex- 
pression of electric current-strength in milliamperes. 

milliampere (mil-e-am'-pdr) [milli-, ampere]. One- 
thousandth of an ampere = 1 volt divided by 
1000. 

milliamperemeter (mil-e-am-par' -me-ter) [millim- 
pere; p-erpov, a measure]. An instrument for measur- 
ing the strength of an electric current. 

millicurie (mil-e-kur'-re) [milli-; curie]. One 
thousandth part of a curie. 

milligram (mil'-e-gram) [milli-; gram]. A thous- 
andth part of a gram. 

milliliter (mil' -il-e-ter) [milli-; liter]. A thousandth 
part of a liter. 

millimeter (mil' -im-e-ter) [milli-; meter]. A thous- 
andth part of a meter. 

millinormal (mil-in-or'-mal) [milli- ; normal]. Con- 
taining a thousandth part of what is normal. 

Millon's reagent (mil'-on) [Auguste Nicolas 
Eugene Millon, French chemist, 1812-1867]. A 
reagent made by dissolving 10 Gm. of mercury in 
20 Gm. of nitric acid, diluting the solution with an 
equal volume of water, and decanting in 24 hours. 
With proteins and with derivatives of benzene and 
naphthalene it gives a red color (Millon's test). M.'s 
test. See under M.'s reagent. 

millstone-maker's phthisis. A form of pneu- 
monokoniosis due to the inhalation of fine particles 
in the manufacture of millstones. 

mill-tooth. A grinder; a molar tooth. 

milphosis (mil-fo'-sis) [p.l\<puais, baldness]. Bald- 
ness of the eyebrows. 

milt. The spleen, m. sickness, splenic fever, or 
anthrax, in cattle. 

milzbrand (milts' -brand) [Ger.]. Anthrax. 

mimesis (mim-e'-sis) [p.ip.r)<ri.s, imitation]. 1. Mimi- 
cry. 2. The assumption of the symptoms of one 
disease by another disease. 

mimetic (mim-et'-ik) [plpos, an actor]. Imitative; 
mimic, m. labor, false labor, m. paralysis, paralysis 
■of the facial muscles, m. spasm, spasm of the 
facial muscles. 

mimic (mim'-ik). See mimetic. 

mimicry (mim'-ik-re) [jj.Zp.os, an actor]. Imitation. 

mimmation (mim-a'-shun) [Ar., mim, the name of 
the letter m]. The unduly frequent use of the sound 
of the letter m in speech. 

mimochasmesis (mim-o-kaz-me'-sis) [mimic; [xcur- 
firjais, yawning]. Imitative yawning. 

mimography (mim-og'-ra-fe) [mimic; ypatpw, to 
write]. Sign-language used by deaf-mutes. 

mimosis (mim-o'-sis). Same as mimesis. 

min. Abbreviation of minimum, or minim, the 
60th part of a fluidram measure. 

mind (mind). The understanding. The reasoning 
and intellectual faculties considered as a whole. 

mind-blindness. A form of aphasia in which, 
although the patient is able to see. no intellectual 



impression is conveyed to his mind by the object 
seen. Syn., visual amnesia. 

mind-cure. The alleged cure of disease through 
mental influence. 

mind-deafness. A form of aphasia in -which 
sounds, though heard and perceived as such, awaken 
no intelligent conception. 

Mindererus, spirit of (min-der-e'-rus) [Raymond 
Minderer, German physician, 162 1- ]. See am- 
monium acetate, liquor of. 

mind-pain. Same as psychalgia. 

mineral (min'-er-al) [mina, a mine]. An inorganic 
chemical compound found in nature, especially 
one that is solid, m., kermes, antimony oxysulphide. 
m. oil, petroleum, m. pitch, bitumen, m.-water, 
water naturally or artificially impregnated with in- 
organic salts in sufficient quantity to give it special 
properties. 

mineralization (min-er-al-i-za' -shun) [mineral]. 1. 
The addition of mineral substances to a body. 
2. The relative amount of mineral substances 
dissolved in a mineral-water. 

miner's anemia or cachexia. See dochmiasis. 
m.'s elbow, enlargement of the bursa over the 
olecranon, common in miners, due to irritation while 
working and lying on the side, m.'s nystagmus, a 
peculiar nystagmus occurring in miners. m.'s 
phthisis, a chronic affection of the lungs due to the 
constant inhalation of coal-dust. Syn., anthracosis. 

minim (min'-im) [minimus, least]. The one- 
sixtieth of a fluidram. Symbol nj>. 

minimal (min'-im-al) [see minim]. Least; lowest. 
Of doses, the least quantity that is yet effective. 

minimeter (min-im'-e-ter) [minim; pkrpov, measure]. 
An apparatus for measuring liquids in minims. 

minimum (min'-im-um) [see minim]. The least; 
the lowest; the lowest intensity or level, m. lethal 
dose, the quantity of a toxin which will kill a guinea 
pig of 250 grams weight in from 4 to s days. m. 
temperature, temperature below which bacterial 
growth does not take place, m. thermometer. See 
thermometer, self -registering. 

minium (min'-e-um) [L., "red lead"]. Red lead 
oxide, PbsO*. used formerly in plasters. 

minor (mi' -nor) [L., "less"]. 1. Less; lesser; 
smaller. 2. An individual under legal age; one 
under the authority of parents or guardians, m. 
surgery. See surgery, minor. 

mint. See mentha. 

mioangioneurosis (mi-o-an-je-o-nu-ro'-sis) [nelwp, 
lesser; byyelov, vessel; vevpov, nerve; vbo-os, disease]. 
A nervous disorder of the smaller blood-vessels; a 
vaso-motor or vaso-inhibitory disturbance. 

miocardia (mi-o-kar'-de-ah) [p,eiuv, less; tcapSla, 
heart]. The systolic diminution of the volume of the 
heart. See auxocardia. 

miodidymus, miodymus (mi-o-did'-im-us, mi-od'- 
im-us) [fieiwv, less; 8l8vp.os, twin]. A double-headed 
monster joined by the occiputs. 

miopragia (mi-o-pra'-je-ah) [peiwv, less; ■Kpaxratw, 
to do]. Diminished functional activity. 

miopus (mi-o'-pus) [p.duv, less; wip, the face]. A 
double-headed monster with one face rudimentary. 

miosis (mi-o'-sis) [peiwp, less]. 1. Contraction or 
decrease in the size of an organ, especially the pupil. 
2. A lessening of the intensity of existing symptoms. 

miotic (mi-ot'-ik) [miosis]. 1. Pertaining to, or 
characterized by, miosis. 2. Causing contraction 
of the pupil. 3. An agent that contracts the pupil. 

mirbane, oil of. A name for nitrobenzene. 

mire (mir) [mirare, to look at]. Figures used 
upon the perimeter-bar of the ophthalmometer of 
Javal and Schiotz; by observing the variations of 
their images, as reflected from different meridians 
of the cornea, the measurement of corneal astigmatism 
is effected. 

mirror (mlr'-or) [mirari, to admire]. A polished 
surface for reflecting light or forming images of 
objects placed in front of it. m., concave, one the 
reflecting surface of which is concave, m., convex, 
one with a convex reflecting surface, m., frontal, 
a head-mirror, m., head-, a circular mirror with a 
central perforation, strapped to the head by a band, 
and used to throw light on parts to be examined. 
m., laryngoscopic, one used in examining the larynx. 
m., ophthalmoscopic, one used in ophthalmoscopy. 
m., plane, one the reflecting surface of which is flat. 
m., rhinoscopic, a mirror used in rhinoscopy, m.- 
speech, defective speech from pronouncing the words 
or syllables backward, m.-writing, a peculiar form 



MIRYACHIT 



566 



MOBILE 



of writing at times observed in left-handed persons 
and in cases of aphasia, and characterized by a 
reversal of the form and arrangement of the letters, 
which appear as if seen in a mirror. 

miryachit (me-re-ash'-it) [Russian]. A peculiar 
disease in which the patient mimics or imitates 
everything said or done by another. Cf . jumpers ; lata. 

misanthrope (mis'-an-throp) \jii<reiv, to hate; 
avBpuiros, man]. A melancholy person; one who 
has an aversion to society. 

misanthropy (mis-an'-thro-pe) [see misanthrope]. 
Aversion to human society; a symptom not rare in 
melancholia. 

miscarriage (mis-kar'-aj). i. The expulsion of 
the fetus between the fourth and the sixth month of 
pregnancy. 2. Abortion. 

miscarry (mis-kar'-e). To give birth to a non- 
viable fetus. 

misce (mis'-e) [L.]. Mix, a direction placed on 
prescriptions, and usually abbreviated M. 

miscegenation (mis-ej-en-a'-shun) [miscere, to 
mix; genus, race]. Mixture of different races by 
intermarriage. 

miscible {mis'-ib-l) [misce]. Capable of being 
mixed. 

miserere mei (miz-er-e'-re me'-i) [L., "have mercy 
on me"]. An old name for volvulus or intestinal 
colic; also for stercoraceous vomiting. 

misocainia (mi-so-ki'-ne-ah) [utaeXv, to hate; 
tcaivos, new]. Same as misoneism. 

misogamy (mis-og'-am-e) [yio-eiv, to hate; 70^05, 
marriage]. Aversion to marriage. 

misogyny (mis-oj'-in-e) \jiujelv, to hate; yvvrj, 
woman]. _ Hatred of women. 

misologia (mis-o-lo'-je-ah) [luaelv, to hate; X670S, 
reason]. Unreasoning aversion to intellectual or 
literary matters. 

misoneism (mis-on-e'-izm) [pucreZv, to hate; veos, 
new]. Fear or horror of novelty. 

misoneist (mis-on'-e-ist) [niueiv, to hate; vebs, new]. 
One who has a morbid hatred of novelty. 

misopedia (mis-o-pe'-de-ah) [^.i<Telv, to hate; irals, 
child]. Morbid hatred of children, especially of 
one's own children. 

misopsychia (mis-op-si' '-ke-ah) [nurelv, to hate; 
ipvxv, life]. Morbid disgust with life. 

missed (mist) [miss]. Passed ; failed of completion. 
m. abortion, the retention of the product of con- 
ception in the uterine cavity after its death and 
with the appearance of some of the symptoms of 
abortion, m. labor, the retention of the product of 
conception in the uterus beyond term, and after the 
occurrence of a few ineffectual labor-pains. 

missio (mis'-e-o) [L.]. A letting go. m. san- 
guinis, blood-letting. 

mist. Abbreviation for mistura, mixture. 

mistletoe (mis'-l-to). See viscum. 

mistura (mis-tu'-rah) [L.]. 1. A mixture. A 
preparation made by suspending an insoluble sub- 
stance in watery fluids, by means of gum-arabic, 
sugar, yolk of egg, or other cohesive substance. 
When the suspended substance is of an oily nature, 
the preparation is termed an emulsion (emulsum). 
m. amygdalae (emulsum amygdala, U. S. P.), emul- 
sion of almonds. Dose 4-8 oz. (120-240 Cc.) several 
times daily. See also under amygdala, m. creosoti 
(B. P.). See creosote mixture, m. cretae (U. S. P., 
B. P.), chalk mixture. Dose £ oz. (16 Cc). m. 
ferri aromatica (B. P.), aromatic iron mixture. 
Dose 1-2 oz. (32-64 Cc). m. ferri composita 
(U. S. P., B. P.), compound iron mixture; Griffith's 
mixture. Dose 1-2 oz. (32-64 Cc). m. glycyrrhizae 
composita (U. S. P.), compound mixture of glycyrrhiza 
or brown mixture. Dose 1-2 oz. (32-64 Cc). m. 
guaiaci (B. P.), guaiacum mixture. Dose §-2 oz. 
(16-64 Cc). m. olei ricini (B. P.), castor-oil mix- 
ture. Dose \-2 oz. (16-64 Cc). m. rhei et sodee 
(U. S. P.), mixture of rhubarb and soda. Dose, for 
children, \-\ dr. (2-4 Cc). m. scammonii (B. P.), 
mixture of scammony. Dose 2 oz. (64 Cc). m. 
senna? composita (B. P.), compound mixture of 
senna. Dose i-i§ oz. (32-48 Cc). m. spiritus vini 
gallici (B. P.), mixture of brandy. Dose 1-2 oz. 
(32-64 Cc). 

Mitchell's (Weir) disease [Silas Weir Mitchell, 
American neurologist, 1830-1014]. Erythromelalgia. 
M.'s treatment, the rest-cure; a treatment for 
certain functional nervous conditions, consisting in 
absolute rest in bed, with massage, electricity, and 
the administration of abundant food, especially milk. 



mitchella (mit-tshel'-lah) [John Mitchell, American 
botanist]. The Mitchella repens, used as a uterine 
tonic and as an aid to easy labor; dose 1 minim 
(0.6 Cc). 

mite (mit) [AS., mite]. A name applied to several 
Acari. 

mithridate (mith'-rid-dt) [see mithridatism]. An 
old confection believed to contain an antidote to 
every known poison. 

mithridatism (mith-rid' -at-izm) [Mi.0pt5d.T7js, king 
of Pontus, who was said to have become so charged 
with the poisons with which he experimented that 
he acquired an immunity to them all]. Immunity 
from the effects of a poison induced by the adminis- 
tration of gradually increased doses. 

mitigate (mit'-ig-at) [mitigare, to soften]. To 
allay; to make milder; to moderate. 

mitigated caustic, m. stick (mil' -ig-a-ted) . See 
argenti nitras mitigatus under argentum. 

mitochondria (mi-to-kon'-dre-ah) . Protoplasmic 
granules seen in animal cells; also called cystomi- 
crosomes. 

mitochysis (mi-tok'-is-is) [iiiros, thread; yixivs, 
liquefaction]. Cell-multiplication, direct or by 
mitosis. 

mitoma, mitome (mi-to'-mah, mi'-tom) [fiiros, a 
thread]. The threads of the protoplasmic reticulum 
of a cell (cytomitome) or of the nucleus (karyomitome) . 

mitoplasm (mi'-to-plazm) [/xlros, a thread; -rrXfoaeLv, 
to form]. The reticular part of the cell-nucleus, the 
chromatic substance or chromatin. 

mitoschisis (mit-os'-kis-is). See karyokinesis. 

mitosis (mi-to'-sis) [ulros, a thread]. Karyo- 
kinesis. m., heterotypic, mitosis in which the 
chromosomes take the form of loops, rings, aggre- 
gations of four beads, etc, arranged longitudinally 
upon the spindle, m., homeotypic, that charac- 
terized by the reduced number of the chromosomes. 
m., pathological, irregular, atypical, asymmetric mi- 
tosis, an indication of malignancy. 

mitosome (mi'-to-som) [/iltos, thread; o&na, body]. 
A body derived from the spindle-fibers of the second- 
ary spermatocytes, which, according to Platner, 
gives rise to the- middle piece and the flagellum 
envelope of the semen-cell. 

mitotic (mi-tot'-ik) [mitosis]. Pertaining to mi- 
tosis. 

mitral (mi' Aral) [pirpa, a belt; a turban]. 1. Re- 
sembling a miter, as the mitral valve. 2. Pertaining 
to the auriculoventricular valve of the left side of 
the heart, m. disease, disease of the mitral valve 
of the heart, m. incompetence, m. insufficiency. 
See m. regurgitation, m. murmur. See under mur- 
mur, cardiac, m. obstruction, disease of the mitral 
valve causing obstruction to the flow of blood through 
the left auriculoventricular opening, m. regurgita- 
tion, imperfect closure of the mitral valve during the 
cardiac systole, permitting blood to be forced back 
into the left auricle, m. stenosis. See m. obstruc- 
tion, m. valve. See valve, mitral. 

mixoscopia (miks-o-sko'-pe-ah) [/w£is, cohabitation; 
(TKOTcelv, to look]. A form of sexual perversion in 
which the orgasm is excited by the sight of coitus. 
See voyeur. 

mixoscopic (miks-o-sko'-pik). 1. ' Relating to 
mixoscopia. 2. A sexual pervert exhibiting mixo- 
scopia. 

mixture (miks'-tur). See mistura. 

M. K. 0. C. P. Abbreviation of Member of the 
King and Queen's College of Physicians of Ireland. 

m. 1. d. Abbreviation for minimum lethal 
dose. 

mm. An abbreviation for millimeter and for 
minims. 

mmm. Abbreviation for micromillimeter or micron. 
M (mu) is also used as an abbreviation for these two 
words. 

Mn. Chemical symbol of manganese. 

mnemasthenia (mem-as-the' -ne-ah) [pvfifiri, memory; 
iadeveia, weakness]. Weakness of memory not due 
to organic disease. 

mnemonics (ne-mon'-iks) [hvthicw, mindful]. The 
science of cultivation of the memory by systematic 
methods. 

Mo. Chemical symbol of molybdenum. 

moan (mon). 1. To utter a low, dull sound ex- 
pressive of suffering. 2. The sound so uttered. 

mobile (mo'-bil) [mover e, to move]. Movable. 
m. pain, one that shifts from place to place, m. 
spasm, a slow, irregular movement gradually taking 



MOBILITY 



567 



MOLLUSCUM 



place in different muscles, occurring at times in the 
paralyzed parts in hemiplegia. 

mobility (mo-bil'-it-e) [mobile]. The condition of 
being movable. 

mobilization (mob -il-iz-a' -shun) [mobile]. The 
act of rendering an ankylosed part movable. 

mochras, mochurrus, (mo'-kras, mo-kur'-us). 
A gummy exudation from an Indian cotton tree, 
Bombax malabaricum; it is used as an astringent in 
diarrhea. 

modal (mo'-daT) [modus]. A term applied to the 
order of response of muscles and nerves to the gal- 
vanic current. 

modality (mo-daV -it-e) [modus, a mode]. Any 
condition which modifies the action of a drug. 

moderator band. See ReiVs band. 

modioliform (mod-e-o' -le-form) [modiolus: forma, 
form]. Having the shape of the nave of a wheel. 

modiolus (mo-di'-o-lus) [L., "nave"], i. The 
central pillar or axis of the cochlea, around which 
the spiral canal makes two and one-half turns. 2. 
The crown of a trephine. 

modus (mo'-dus) [L.]. A mode or method, m. 
operandi, the method of the performance of an action. 

Moebius' disease (me'-be-oos) [Paul Julius Moebius, 
German physician, 1853-1907]- Periodic or recur- 
rent paralysis of the motor oculi. M.'s sign, in- 
ability to retain the eyeballs in convergence in ex- 
ophthalmic goiter. 

Moeller's disease (me'-ler) [ — Moeller, German 
surgeon, 1820-1862]. See Barlow's disease. M.'s 
glossitis, painful swelling of the papilla? of the 
tongue, associated with nervous irritability; there is 
imperfect covering of the filiform and fungiform 
papillae. 

mogigraphia (mog-ig-ra'-fe-ah) [jioyis, with diffi- 
culty; ypa<t>eu>, to write]. Writer's cramp. 

mogilalia (mog-il-a' -le-ah) [p.6y<.s, with difficulty; 
XaXid, talk]. Stammering; stuttering. 

mogiphonia (mog-if-o'-ne-ah) [jidyis, with difficulty; 
<jxi)in], sound]. Difficulty in speaking, excited by 
an effort of singing or speaking loudly. 

mogostocia (mog-os-to'-se-ah) [nbyis, with difficulty; 
tokos, birth]. Painful or difficult parturition. 

M.O.H. Abbreviation for Medical Officer of 
Health. 

Mohr's test for hydrochloric acid in the contents 
of the stomach [Francis Mohr, American chemist]. 
Dilute to a light yellow color a solution of iron ace- 
tate (free from alkali acetates) , and treat with a few 
drops of a solution of potassium sulphocyanide. No 
change of color should take place, but if the filtered 
contents of the stomach are added and contain HC1, 
a red coloration results. This color vanishes if 
sodium acetate is added. 

Mohrenheim's fossa (mo'-ren-him) [Joseph Jacob 
Freiherr von Mohrenheim, Austrian surgeon, 1709- 
]. The infraclavicular fossa. It is bounded by 
the clavicle, pectoralis major, deltoid, and, laterally 
and deeper, by the pectoralis minor. In this space 
the subclavian artery is found when it is to be 
ligated below the clavicle. 

moist [mustus, sweet, like new wine]. Damp; 
slightly wet; characterized by the presence of fluid. 
m. chamber, a large circular glass with a lid, used in 
bacteriological work, especially for growing potato- 
cultures, m. filter, a filter-paper that is moistened 
with water, m. gangrene, the form of gangrene 
that occurs in a part filled with blood. See gangrene, 
moist, m. rale. See rale. 

mol, mole (mol, mol). See grammolecule. 

molar (mo'-lar) [moles, mass]. 1. Pertaining to 
masses, in contradistinction to molecular. 2. Per- 
taining to a mole. 3. [mola, a millstone.] Grinding; 
used for grinding. 4. A grinding tooth, a grinder. 
m. death, necrosis or gangrene, m. pregnancy, 
gestation in which a mole is formed, m. teeth, the 
back, grinding teeth. 

molariform (mo-lar'-if-orm) [mola, millstone; 
forma, form]. Having the form of a molar tooth. 

molasses (mo-las'-ez) [mellaceus, made with honey]. 
The syrupy liquid remaining after the refining of 
sugar. It contains a considerable quantity of un- 
crystallizable sugar, some cane-sugar, and coloring- 
matter. There are two kinds: West India molasses, 
from which rum is prepared, and sugar-house molasses, 
which is somewhat thicker than the first. Molasses 
is used for making pills, and combined with sulphur 
as a domestic remedy for constipation. 

mold (mold) [AS., molde, dust]. 1. A variously 



colored deposit produced by the growth of different 
forms of fungi on moist surfaces. The principal 
molds are Penicillium, the Mucorini, and Aspergillus. 
2. A cast; shape. 3. To make or conform to a 
given shape. 

mole (mol) [moles, a mass]. 1. A mass formed in 
the uterus by an ovum, the growth of which has 
become arrested or which has undergone degeneration. 
2. Nevus, m., blood-, a mass of coagulated blood 
and retained fetal membranes and placenta, some- 
times found in the uterus after an abortion, m., 
carneous. See m., fleshy, m., cystic. Same as 
m., hydatid, m., false, one not containing any 
tissues derived from the ovum, m., fleshy, a blood- 
mole which has become more solid and has assumed 
a fleshy appearance; the body formed in the uterine 
cavity when an ovum that has died is retained 
within the uterus for some time, m., hydatid, m., 
hydatidiform, one formed by a proliferation and 
cystic degeneration of the chorionic villi; it is a form 
of myxoma, and has a tendency to involve the 
uterine wall, m., true, one which is the remains of 
an ovum, m., vesicular. Same as m., hydatid. 

molecular (mo-lek'-u-lar) [molecule]. Pertaining 
to, or composed of, molecules, m. death, death of a 
part in minute invisible particles, as ulceration, caries. 
m. force, a force acting between molecules, as co- 
hesion, m. heat. See heat. m. layer. 1. Any 
layer appearing to consist of minute granules without 
definite structure. 2. The second layer of the cere- 
bral cortex, m. lesion, a very fine lesion, m. 
motion, the movements of the molecules of a sub- 
stance, m. volume, the volume of a molecule of a 
substance in the gaseous state; under the same 
conditions of temperature and pressure the molecular 
volumes of all substances are equal, m. weight, 
the weight of a molecule of any substance as compared 
with the weight of an atom of hydrogen. It is equal 
to the sum of the weights of its constituent atoms. 

molecule (mol'-e-kul) [dim. of moles, mass]. 1. A 
minute portion of matter. 2. In physics and chem- 
istry, the smallest quantity into which a substance 
can be divided and retain its characteristic properties; 
or the smallest quantity that can exist in a free 
state. 

molilalia (mol-il-a '-le-ah) [m6X«, with toil; XaXi'a, 
speech]. Difficulty of utterance; stuttering; mogi- 
lalia. 

molimen (mo-li'-men) [L., "endeavor" ; pl.,molimina] . 
An effort or attempt, m., menstrual, any of the 
symptoms attendant upon the menstrual act or 
function. 

Molisch's test for glucose (mol'-ish) [Hans Molisch, 
Austrian chemist, 1856- ]. 1. To f-i Cc. of 
the solution add 2 drops of a 15 to 20 % alcoholic 
solution of naphthol. A precipitation of some of the 
naphthol renders the liquid cloudy, but on the 
addition of 1 or 2 Cc. of concentrated sulphuric acid 
a deep violet coloration is produced and a violet 
precipitate is deposited on diluting with water. 2. A 
15 to 20 % solution of thymol employed instead of 
naphthol, applied as is the naphthol in the foregoing 
test. If glucose is present, it produces a ruby-red 
coloration, which changes to carmine on dilution 
with water. 

Moll's glands [Jacobus Antonius Moll, Dutch 
physician, 1849- ]. Modified sudoriparous 
glands of the eyelids, opening into the follicles of 
the eyelashes. 

mollescence (mol-es'-ens) [mollescere, to soften]. 
Softening. 

mollichthyolin (mol-ik-thi' -ol-in) . A compound of 
ichthyol and mollin. 

mollin (mol' -in) [mollis, soft]. A soft soap of 
potassium hydroxide and cocoanut-oil, used as a 
basis for ointments. 

mollifies (mo-lish'-e-ez) [mollis, soft]. Softness. 
m. ossium. See osteomalacia. 

mollosin (mol'-os-in). An ointment-base con- 
sisting of yellow wax, 1 part, and liquid petrolatum, 
4 parts. 

molluscous (mol-us'-kus) [molluscum]. 1. Pertain- 
ing to the mollusca. 2. Pertaining to the disease 
molluscum. 

molluscum (mol-us'-kum) [mollusca, shell-fish, 
from mollis, soft]. 1. A term applied to several 
diseases of the skin. 2. A chronic skin disease with 
pulpy tumors, m.-bodies, the products of degenera- 
tive processes occurring in the epidermic epithelial 
cells, m. contagiosum, a disease of the skin charac- 



MOLOPS 



568 



MONILITHRIX 



terized by the formation of pinhead-sized to pea-sized, 
rounded, sessile or pedunculated, pearl-like elevations 
of a yellowish-white or pinkish color. The lesions 
may be single or multiple, are usually situated upon 
the face, and are due to a hyperplasia of the rete 
mucosum, the growth probably beginning in the 
hair-follicles. The lesions on microscopic examina- 
tion are found to contain peculiar ovoid, sharply 
defined bodies — tnolluscum bodies — which are by 
some considered as forms of epithelial degeneration, 
by others as protozoan parasites, m. epitheliale, a 
skin disease with hard, round nodules containing 
semiliquid material, m. fibrosum, m. simplex, a 
disease of the skin characterized by the formation 
of multiple fibromata, which may be sessile or 
pedunculated, and grow from the deeper layers of 
the corium and the subcutaneous tissue. 

molops (mo' -lops) [jxwXaip, wheal; pi., molopes]. 
A red spot on the skin, such as is seen in certain 
fevers. The mark of a stroke or stripe upon the skin. 

molt, moult (molt). To shed or cast, as the skin, 
feathers, or hair. 

molybdamaurosis (mol-ib-dam-aw-ro'-sis) [/zoXu/SSos, 
lead; ap.avpbetv, to darken]. Retro-bulbar neuritis 
due to lead-poisoning. 

molybdamblyopia (mol-ib-dam-ble-o'-pe-ah) [/i6Xu/3- 
Sos, lead; &ju/3Xus, dulled; &\p, eye]. Impairment of 
vision due to lead-poisoning. 

molybdate (mol-ib'-dat). A salt of molybdic acid. 

molybdencephalia (mol-ib-den-sef-a'-le-ah) [m6Xu/3- 
Sos, lead; iynktpahos, brain]. Brain-disease due to 
lead-poisoning. 

molybdencephalopathia, molybdencephalopathy 
(mol-ib-den-sef-al-o-path'-e-ah, mol-ib-den-sef-al-op'- 
■ath-e) \p6\v08os, lead; «7/ce<paXos, brain; iraBos, disease]. 
Brain-disease due to lead-poisoning. 

molybdenum (mol-ib-de'-num) [vb\vfl8os, lead]. A 
metallic element, found in nature chiefly as the sul- 
phide — molybdenite (M0S2). Atomic weight 96; 
symbol Mo; quantivalence II, IV, VI, VIII; specific 
gravity 8.6. Its principal oxide, M0O3, forms 
molybdic acid, H2M0O4, the ammonium salt of which 
is used as a reagent in metallurgy, etc. Molybdic 
acid combines with phosphoric acid to form phos- 
phomolybdic acid. 

molybdepilepsia (mol-ib-dep-il-ep'-se-ah) [/u6Xu/35os, 
lead; epilepsy]. Epilepsy induced by lead-poisoning. 

molybdic (mol-ib'-dik). Containing molybdenum 
as a hexad or tetrad radical, m. anhydride, M0O3, a 
gray or bluish-white heavy powder which separates 
Into thin scales in water. It is soluble in acids, 
alkalies, and solution of cream of tartar; slightly 
soluble in water. Jt is used as a reagent. 

molybdo- (mol-ib'-do-) [nbXvPdos, lead]. A prefix 
denoting reference to or connection with lead. In 
chemistry, signifying composition with the element 
molybdenum. 

molybdocachexia (mol-ib-do-kak-ek'-se-ah) [molyb- 
do-; cachexia]. A depraved state of the body due to 
lead-poisoning; chronic lead-poisoning; plumbism. 

molybdocardialgia (mol-ib-do-kar-de-al'-je-ah) [mol- 
ybdo-; napSia, heart; aX-yos, pain]. Cardialgia due to 
lead-poisoning. 

molybdocolic (mol-ib-do-kol'-ik) [molybdo-; colic]. 
Lead-colic; painters' colic. 

molybdodyspepsia (mol-ib-do-dis-pep'-se-ah) [mol- 
ybdo-; dyspepsia]. Dyspepsia caused by lead-poison- 
ing. 

molybdonosus (mol-ib-don'-o-sus) [molybdo-; vbaos, 
disease]. Synonym of plumbism. 

molybdoparesis (mol-ib-do-par' -es-is) [molybdo-; 
paresis]. Partial paralysis, due to lead-poisoning. 

molybdosis (mol-ib-do'-sis) [/*6Xu/35os, lead]. Lead- 
poisoning; plumbism. 

molybdospasmos (mol-ib-do-spaz'-mos) [molybdo- ; 
airaxxfios, spasm]. Spasm or cramp produced by 
lead-poisoning. 

molybdosynolce (mol-ib-do-sin-ol'-se) [molybdo-; 
awoKKi),^^ drawing together]. Contraction due to 
lead-poisoning. 

molybdotromos (mol-ib-dof '-ro-mos) [molybdo-; rpb- 
ixos, tremor]. Tremor due to lead-poisoning. 

molybdous (mol-ib'-dus) . Containing molybdenum 
in its lower valency. 

Momburg's belt (mom'-berg) [Fritz August Mom- 
burg, German physician, 1870- ]. A band wound 
around the waist and then made taut; it is used to 
check postpartum hemorrhage. 

momentum (mo-men' -turn) [movere, to move]. 
Quantity of motion. The momentum of a body 



depends upon its mass and velocity. Also, the 
quantity of potential energy possessed by a body in 
motion. It is usually expressed by the formula 
m = wv — i. e„ the momentum equals the weight 
multiplied by the velocity. 

momordica (mo-mor'-dik-ah). See elaterium. 

mon- (mon-) [nbvos, one]. A prefix denoting one 
or single.^ 

monacid (mon-as'-id). Applied to a base with 
one replaceable hydroxyl group (OH). Also, com- 
pounds uniting directly with a molecule of a mono- 
basic acid, with half a molecule of a dibasic acid, 
etc. 

monad (mon'-ad) [pbvos, single]. 1. A univalent 
element or radical. 2. Any single-celled micro- 
organism, whether of animal or vegetable character; 
especially any flagellate infusorium. 

monadenoma (mon-ad-en-o'-mah) [mon-; &8riv, 
gland; 6p.a, tumor]. A uniglandular adenoma. 

Monadina (mon-ad-i'-nah) [novas, a unit]. The 
flagellate infusorians, or monadidce; a family of animal 
microorganisms. 

(von) Monakow's fibers (mon-ah'-kow) [Constantin 
von Monakow, Russian neurologist, 1853- ]• A 
tract of nerve-fibers extending from the anterior 
corpus quadrigeminum to the eyeball, v. M.'s 
nucleus, the lateral portion of Burdach's nucleus. 

monamide (mon'-am-id). An amide formed by 
the replacement of the hydrogen in one molecule of 
ammonia by an acid radical. 

monamine (mon'-am-in) [p.bvos, single; amin]. 
An amine formed by the replacement of the hydrogen 
in one molecule of ammonia by an alkyl radical. 

Monarda (mo-nar'-dah) [after N. Monardis, a 
Spanish physician]. A genus of labiate plants, 
comprising M. didyma, the bee-balm, M. fistulosa, 
the wild bergamot, and M. punctata, the horsemint. 
The last is diaphoretic, carminative, and stimulant. 
It is also a source of thymol, m. fistulosa, wild 
bergamot. m. punctata, horse mint; it is a dia- 
phoretic and carminative; it yields thymol. 

monargentic (mon-ar-jen'-tik) [mows, single; argen- 
tum, silver]. Containing one atom of silver in a 
molecule. 

monarthritis (mon-ar-ihri'-tis) [mon-; apdpov, a 
joint; ltis, inflammation]. Arthritis affecting only a 
single joint. 

monarticular (mon-ar-tik'-u-lar) [povos, single; 
articulus, a joint]. Pertaining to one joint. 

Monas (mon'-as) [novas, unit]. A genus of in- 
fusorians. 

monaster (mon-as'-ter) [nbvos, single; ao-Trjp, a 
star]. Mother-star. See karyokinesis. 

monathetosis (mon-ath-et-o'-sis). Athetosis affect- 
ing one limb or side. 

monatomic (mon-at-om'-ik) [nbvos, single; aronos, 
atom]. 1. Having but one atom of replaceable 
hydrogen, as a monatomic acid. 2. Having only one 
atom, as a monatomic molecule. 3- Having the 
combining power of one atom of hydrogen, as a 
monatomic radical. 4. Formed by the replacement 
of one hydrogen atom in a compound by a radical, 
as a monatomic alcohol. 

monaxial, monaxonic (mon-aks'-e-al, mon-aks- 
on'-ik) [mon-; afav, axis]. Having a single axis. 

monaxon (mon-aks'-on) [nbvos, single; axon]. A 
neuron having only one axon. 

moner, moneron (mo'-ner, mon'-er-on). In biology, 
a non-nucleated unicellular organism of the simplest 
possible character. 

monerula (mon-er' -oo-lah) [povripvs, single]. The 
impregnated ovum at a stage when it has no nucleus. 

monesia (mo-ne'-ze-ah) [origin unknown]. An 
extract from the Brazilian tree Chrysophyllum 
glyciphlceum. It is stomachic, alterative, and 
astringent. Dose 5-10 gr. (0.3-0.6 Gm.). 

monesin (mo-ne'-sin) [monesia]. The acrid princi- 
ple of monesia, said to be identical with saponin; 
it is astringent and oxytocic. 

mongumo bark (mon-gu'-mo). The bark of 
Ochrosia borbonica, a tree of Madagascar; used as a 
tonic. 

monilethrix (mo-niV -eth-riks) [monile, a neck-lace; 
0pi£, a hair]. An affection of the hair in which 
nodes are strung regularly or irregularly along the 
hair-shaft, giving it a beaded appearance. 

moniliform (mon-W -if-orm) [monile, a necklace; 
forma, form]. Shaped like a necklace; beaded or 
bead-like; resembling a string of beads. 

monUithrix (mo-nil'-ith-riks). See monilethrix. 



MONIUM 



569 



MONONEURIC 



monium (mo'-ne-um) [fidvos, alone]. An element 
discovered spectroscopically by Sir W. Crookes in 
1898; now called victorium. 

monk's-hood (munks'-hood). See aconitum. 

Monneret's pulse (mon-ra') [Jules Edouard Auguste 
Monneret, French physician, 1810-1868]. The 
soft, full, and slow pulse of icterus. 

mono- (mon-o-) [povos, one]. A prefix signifying 
one or single. 

monoanesthesia, monoansesthesia (mon-o-an-es-the' - 
ze-ah). Anesthesia of a single part. 

monoarticular (mon-o-ar-tik' -u-lar). Same as 
monarticular, q. v. 

monoathetosis (mon-o-ath-et-o'-sis) [mono-; aderos, 
without place]. Athetosis confined to one limb or 
one-half of the body. 

monobacillary (mon-o-bas'-il-a-re). Due to, or 
characterized by, the presence of a single species of 
bacillus. 

monobasic (mon-o-ba'-sik) [mono-; /Sdcris, founda- 
tion]. Of an acid, acid salt, or alcohol, having one 
replaceable hydrogen atom. 

monoblepsia, monoblepsis (mon-o-blep'-se-ah, mon- 
o-blep'-sis) [mono-; /3Xei/as, sight]. 1. A condition 
in which either eye has a better visual power than 
both together. 2. The form of color-blindness in 
which but one color can be perceived. 

monobrachius (mon-o-bra'-ke-us) [mono-; /SpaxiW, 
arm]. A monster having but one arm. 

monobromacetanilid (mon-o-brom-as-et-an'-il-id) . 
Same as antisepsin. 

monobromated (mon-o-bro' -ma-ted) [mono-; bro- 
mate]. Containing one atom of bromine in the mole- 
cule. 

monobromide (mon-o-bro' -mid) [mono-; bromide]. 
A compound having one atom of bromine in the 
molecule, or containing an amount of bromine which, 
when compared with the amount of bromine in other 
bromides of the same base, may be regarded as 
unity. 

mono calcic (mon-o-kal'-sik). Containing one 
atom of calcium in a molecule. 

monocardian (mon-o-kar'-de-an) [mono-; KapSia, 
heart]. Having a simple heart, single-chambered or 
not completely divided, as in vertebrates. 

monocellular (mon-o-seV -u-lar) . Unicellular. 

monocephalus (mon-o-sef'-al-us) [mono-; Kt<j>a\r], 
head]. A monster consisting of a single head with 
two bodies more or less completely fused. 

monochloride (mon-o-klo'-rid). A chlorine com- 
pound analogous to a monobromide (q. v.). 

monochorea (mon-o-ko-re'-ah) [mono-; chorea]. 
Chorea confined to a single member or part of the 
body. 

monochroic (mon-o-kro'-ik) [mono-; xpba, color]. 
Having only one color. Arterial blood is monochroic. 

monochromasy (mon-o-kro' -mas-e) [see monochroic]. 
The perception of one color only. 

monochromat {mon-o-kro'-mat). A person in whom 
all the variations of the world of color are reduced to a 
system of one color. 

monochromatic (mon-o-kro-mat'-ik). See mono- 
chroic. 

monochromatophil (mon-o-kro-maf '-o-fil) [mono- ; 
XP&fia-, color; <t>CKelv, to love]. 1. A cell possessing a 
strong affinity for a single acid stain. 2. Exhibiting 
a strong affinity for a single stain. 

monocle (mon'-o-kl) [mono-; oculus, eye]. 1. A 
lens for one eye only. 2. A bandage for one 
eye. 

monoclinic (mon-o-klin'-ik) [mono-; Khivq, bed]. 
Applied to crystals in which the vertical axis is in- 
clined to one, but is at right angles to the other, 
lateral axis. 

monococcus (mon-o-kok'-us) [mono-; kokkos, grain]. 
A coccus occurring singly, not united in chains or 
pairs or in groups. 

monocranus (mon-ok'-ran-us) [mono-; Kpavlov, 
cranium]. A double monster having a single cranium. 

monocrotic (mon-o-krot'-ik) [mono-; uporos, pulse]. 
Having but a single beat (as the normal pulse) for 
each cardiac systole; not dicrotic. 

mono erotism (mon-ok' -ro-tizm) . The condition of 
being monocrotic (q. v.). 

monocular (mon-ok' -u-lar) [mono-; oculus, eye]. 
1. Pertaining to or affecting only one eye, as monocu- 
lar diplopia; performed with one eye only, as mon- 
ocular vision. 2. Having a single ocular or eyepiece, 
as a monocular microscope. 

monoculus (mon-ok' -u-lus) [mon-; oculus, eye]. 



1. A monster with but one eye. 2. In surgery, a 
bandage for covering one eye. 

monocyclic (mon-o-sik'-lik). Arranged in a single 
whorl. 

monocyst (mon'-o-sisl) [mono-; kv<ttis, cyst]. A 
tumor made up of a single cyst. 

monocystic (mon-o-sis'-tik) [mono-; kvvtvs, cyst]* 
Composed of or containing but one cyst. 

monocyte (mon'-o-slt) [mono-; kvtos, a cell]. A 
large mononuclear leucocyte. 

monodactylism (mon-o-dak f -til-izm) [mono-; 8&k- 
tuXos, finger]. A malformation characterized by the 
presence of only one toe or finger on the foot or hand. 

monodactylous (mon-o-dak' -til-us) [mono-; ScucrvXos, 
finger]. Having only one finger or toe. 

monoderic (mon-o-der'-ik) [mono-; Skpos, skin]. 
Composed of a single layer. 

monodidymus (mon-o-did'-im-us) [mono-; 5i'5u/.os, 
twin]. One of twins. 

monodiplopia (mon-o-dip-lo'-pe-ah) [mono-; 8lit\6os, 
double; oi/as, sight]. Double vision with a single eye* 

monodont {mon'-o-dont) [mono-; 686vs, tooth]. 
Having but one tooth. 

monogastric (mon-o-gas'-trik) [mono-; yaarrip, 
belly]. Having one stomach or one belly. 

monogenesis (mon-o-jen'-es-is) [mono-; ykveais, 
origin]. 1. Development of offspring resembling 
the parent, as distinguished from metagenesis. 

2. Development from a single hermaphroditic parent; 
asexual reproduction. 3. Origin of all organisms 
from a single cell. 

monograph (mon'-o-graf) [mono-; ypa<peiv, to write]. 
A treatise or memoir on a single subject. 

monohydrated (mon-o -hi' -dra-ted). United with 
one molecule of water or of hydroxyl. 

monohydric (mon-o-hi'-drik) [mono-; vScop, water]. 
Containing one atom of replaceable hydrogen, as 
monohydric acid, monohydric alcohol. 

monoideism (mon-o-i-de'-izm) [mono-; t8ea, idea]. 
The domination of a single idea, as in certain cases 
of hypnotism and insanity. 

monoinfection (mon-o-in-fek'-shun). Infection with 
but one kind of microorganism. 

monoiodide (mon-o-i' -o-did) . An iodine compound 
analogous to a monobromide. 

monol (mon'-ol). An aqueous solution of calcium 
permanganate (2 : 1000) used to purify drinking-water. 

monolocular (mon-o-lok' -u-lar) . See unilocular. 

monoma (mon-o' -mah) [mono-; 6na, tumor]. A 
painful uterine tumor, always solitary, steadily 
progressing to a fatal termination, accompanied by 
severe and continuous hemorrhage. 

monomania (mon-o-ma' -ne-ah) [mono-; navla, 
madness]. A form of insanity characterized by a 
limited disturbance of the mental functions that 
dominates the person's thoughts and actions. 

monomaniac (mon-o-ma' -ne-ak) [monomania]. A 
person affected with monomania. 

monomeric (mon-o-mer'-ik) [mono-; nkpos, a part]. 
Consisting of a single piece. 

monometallic (mon-o-met-al'-ik) [mono-; metallic]. 

1. Containing one atom of a metal in a molecule. 

2. Capable of replacing one atom of hydrogen in an 
acid. 3. Consisting of one metal. 

monomicrobic (mon-o-mi-kro'-bik). See mono- 
bacillary. 

monommatous (mon-om'-at-us) [mono-; ofifta, eye]. 
One-eyed. 

monomoria (mon-o-mo'-re-ah) [mono-; ixupLa, folly]. 
Melancholy. 

monomorphic (mon-o-mor'-fik) [mono-; tiopQ-q, 
form]. Having or existing in only one form. 

monomorphism (mon-o-mor'-fizm) [mono-; iiop<f>ri, 
form]. The state of being monomorphic. 

monomorphous (mon-o-mor'-fus) [mono-; nop<pr), 
form]. Having but a single form ; not polymorphous. 

monomphalus (mon-om'-fal-us) [mono-; 6n<j>a\6s> 
navel]. A double monster united by a common 
umbilicus. 

monomyositis (mon-o-mi-o-si'-tis) [mono-; vvs, 
muscle]. Laquer's (1896) name for isolated periodic 
affections of the biceps muscle. Syn., myositis acuta 
inter stitialis. 

monomyous (mon-o-mV -us) [mono-; pvs, muscle]. 
Having only one muscle; applied to certain bivalves, 
the shells of which are closed by a single muscle. 

mononephrous (mon-o-nef'-rus) [mono-; ve<t>p6s, 
kidney]. Limited to one kidney. 

mononeuric (mon-o-nu'-rik) [mono-; vevpov, nerve]. 
Applied to a nerve-cell having only one neuraxon 



MONONEURITIS 



570 



MONSTROSITIES 



mononeuritis (mon-o-nu-ri'-tis) [mono-; neuritis]. 
Neuritis affecting a single nerve, m., multiplex, 
neuritis affecting simultaneously single nerves remote 
from each other. 

mononuclear (mon-o-nu' -kle-ar) . See uninuclear. 

mononym (mon'-o-nim) [mono-; ovo/ia, name]. 

A name consisting of but a single word. Thus 

callosum is a mononym for corpus callosum; pia, for 

pia mater ; my el, for spinal cord. 

mononymic (mon-o-nim'-ik) [mono-; &vona, name]. 
Having but one name. 

monopagia (mon-o-pa'-je-ah) [mono-; irayios, fixed]. 
Fixed local pain in the head; clavus hystericus. 

monoparesis (mon-o-par'-e-sis) [mono-; paresis]. 

Paralysis of a single part of the body, as of one limb. 

monoparesthesia (mon-o-par-es-the'-ze-ah) [mono- ; 

paresthesia]. Paresthesia confined to one limb or 

part. 

monopathy (mon-op'-ath-e) [mono-; iraBos, disease]. 
Uncomplicated disease of a single organ. 

monophagia (mon-o-fa' -je-ah) [mono-; <f>ayelv, to 
eat], i. Desire for a single article of food. 2. The 
eating of a single daily meal. 

monophasia (mon-o-fa' -ze-ah) [mono-; aphasia]. 
A form of aphasia in which speech is limited to a 
single syllable, word, or phrase. 

monophobia (mon-o-fo' -be-ah) [mono-; <£6/3os, fear]. 
Morbid dread of being alone. 

monophosphate (mon-o-fos'-fat). A phosphate 
with only one atom of phosphorus in the molecule. 

monophthalmia (mon-off -thai' -me-ah) [mono- ; 6<pda\- 
/x6s, eye]. Synonym of cyclopia. 

monophthalmous (mon-off-thal'-mos) [mono-; o<pda\- 
nbs, eye]. Single-eyed; also, pertaining to a bandage 
for one eye. 

monophyletic (mon-o-fi-let'-ik) [mono-; <pv\rj, tribe]. 
Derived from a single prototype, m. hypothesis, 
the doctrine of Hceckel, that the various organic 
lines of animals have descended from a common type. 
monoplasmatic (mon-o-plaz-mat'-ik). See mono- 
plastic. 

monoplast (mon'-o-plast) [mono-; nXao-o-eiv, to form]. 
A simple cell. 

monoplastic (mon-o-plas'-tik) [monoplast]. Com- 
posed of only one substance. 

monoplastid {mon-o-plas'-tid) [mono-; 7r\a<rr6s, 
molded]. An organism or structural element com- 
posed of only a single cell. 

monoplegia (mon-o-ple' -je-ah) [mono-; irXriyri, 
stroke]. Paralysis of a single limb or of a single 
muscle or group of muscles. It is designated as 
brachial, crural, or facial, when affecting the arm, the 
leg, or the face, respectively, and as central {cerebral) 
or peripheral, according to the seat of the causal lesion. 
monops (mon'-ops). See cy clops. 
monopsia (mon-ops'-e-ah). See monophthalmia. 
monopsychosis (mon-o-si-ko'-sis) [mono-; ^vxn< 
mind: pi., monopsychoses]. Any kind of monomania 
or delusional insanity of fixed type. 

monopus (mon'-o-pus) [mono-; novs, foot]. 1. Con- 
genital absence of one foot or leg. 2. A one-footed 
monstrosity. 

monoradicular (mon-o-rad-ik'-u-lar) [mono-; radix, 
root]. Applied to teeth with only one root. 

monorchid, monorchis (mon-or'-kid, mo-nor-kis) 
[mono-; opxis, testis]. A person who has but one 
testicle, or in whom one testicle only has descended 
into the scrotum. 

monorrhinous (mon-or-i'-nus) [mono-; ji>is, nose]. 
Having a single median nasal cavity. 

monosaccharide (mon-o-sak' -ar-id) . Any carbo- 
hydrate whose molecule cannot be split into simpler 
carbohydrates; e. g., glucose, fructose. 

monoscelous (mon-os-el'-us) [mono-; <rtce\os, leg]. 
One-legged. 

monose (mon'-os). Same as monosaccharide. 
monosodic (mon-o-so'-dik). Having one atom of 
sodium in the molecule. 

monosomus, monosomia (mon-o-so'-mus, mon-o- 
so' -me-ah) [mono-; o-G>y.a, body]. A double monster 
with a single body and two heads. 

monospasm (mon'-o-spazm) [mono-; atraa\ibs, 
spasm]. Spasm affecting limited areas, as one side 
of the face, a single limb, or a single muscle or muscle- 
group. It is designated as brachial, crural, or facial, 
according to the part affected, and as central (cerebral) 
or peripheral, according to the seat of the causal 
lesion. 

monostratal (mon-o-stra'-lal) [mono-; stratum, a 
layer]. Arranged in a single layer or stratum. 



monosymptomatic (mon-o-simp-tom-at'-ik) . Hav- 
ing but one dominant symptom. 

monotal (mon'-o-tal). Trade name of guaiacol 
methylglycholate; analgesic and antipyretic. 

monotic (mon-ot'-ik) [mono-; oh, ear]. Pertaining 
to but one of the ears. 

monotonia (mon-o-to' -ne-ah) [mono-; twos, tone]. 
Uniformity of voice; in vocalization, that kind of 
uniformity that results from paralysis of the largyn- 
geal tensors. 

monotrichous (mon-ot'-rik-us) [mono-; 0pi£, hair]. 
Applied to that type of ciliation in bacteria which is 
marked by a single flagellum at one pole. 

monovalent (mon-ov' -al-ent) . Same as univalent. 

monoxenous (mon-oks'-en-us) [mono-; £«»os, host]. 
Applied to parasitism confined to one host. 

monoxide (mon-oks'-id). An oxide containing a 
single oxygen atom. 

Monro, bursa of (mun-ro') [Alexander Monro, 
Scottish anatomist, 1697-1767]. A bursa sometimes 
found between the subclavius muscle and the costo- 
clavicular ligament. M., foramen of, an opening 
behind the anterior pillars of the fornix, through 
which the lateral ventricle of the brain communicates 
with the third ventricle; it transmits the choroid 
plexus. M.'s line, a line drawn from the umbilicus 
to the anterior superior spine of the ilium. M.'s 
point, the point sometimes selected in paracentesis 
abdominis, midway on Monro's line. M.'s sulcus, 
a longitudinal fissure extending from the foramen 
of Monro to the Sylvian aqueduct, and dividing each 
lateral wall of the third ventricle into an upper and 
a lower portion. 

mons (monz) [L.: pi., monies]. In anatomy, the 
mons pubis or the mons Veneris, m. cerebelli. See 
monticulus. m. pubis, the eminence in front of the 
body and horizontal ramus of the os pubis; it is 
called also, in the female, m. Veneris, m. Veneris, 
the mons pubis of the female. 

Monsel's salt (mon-seV). Ferric subsulphate. 
M.'s solution (liquor ferri subsulphatis, U. S. P.), 
a solution of ferric subsulphate, used as a styptic. 

monster (mon'-ster) [monstrum, an evil omen]. 
An individual who, by reason of congenital faulty 
development, is incapable of properly performing 
the vital functions, or who, owing to an excess or 
deficiency of parts, differs in a marked degree from 
the normal type of the species. A teratism. 

monstricide (mon'-stris-id) [monstrum, monster; 
ccedere, to kill]. The killing of a monster. 

monstriferous (mon-strif'-er-us) [monstrum, mon- 
ster; ferre, to bear]. Producing monsters. 

monstrosity (mon-stros'-it-e) [monster]. 1. The 
condition of a monster. 2. A monster. 



TABLE OF MONSTROSITIES.* 

According to Geoff roy Saint-Hilaire. Altered by 
Hirst and Piersol. 

HEMITERATA. 

I. ANOMALIES OF VOLUME. 

A. Of Stature. 

1. General Diminution, as in a dwarf — 

delayed growth. 

2. General Increase, as in a giant — 

precocious development. 

B. Of Volume, strictly speaking. 

1. Local Diminution. Affecting — 

(a) Regions, as a limb. 

(b) Systems, as undeveloped mus- 

cles. 

(c) Organs, as small breasts, stenosis 

of canals, etc. 

2. Local Increase. Affecting — 

(c) Regions, as the head. 

(b) Systems, as the adipose tissue. 

(c) Organs, as large breasts in wom- 

en, lactiferous breasts in men. 

II. ANOMALIES OF FORM. Single Order, in- 

cluding — deformed heads; anomalies of shape 
in the stomach; deformed pelves, etc. 

* Reproduced, with the kind consent of the pub- 
lishers, from "Human Monstrosities," by Barton 
Cooke Hirst, M.D., and George A. Piersol, M.D., 
Philadelphia: Lea Brothers & Co., 1892. 



MONSTROSITIES 



571 



MONSTROSITIES 



IH. ANOMALIES OF COLOR. 

A. Deficiency, complete, partial, or imperfect, 

as in albinism. 

B. Excess, complete, partial, or imperfect, as 

in melanism. 

C. Alteration, as in unusual color of the iris. 
IV. ANOMALIES OF STRUCTURE. 

A. Deficiency in Consistency, as cartilaginous 

conditions of bones. 

B. Excess in Consistency, as anomalous ossifi- 

cation. 
V. ANOMALIES OF DISPOSITION. 

A. By Displacement. 

i. Of the splanchnic organs, as anomalous 
direction of heart or stomach, 
hernias, exstrophy of the bladder, 
etc. 

2. Of the nonsplanchnic organs, as club- 
foot, curvature of the spine, mis- 
placed teeth, misplaced blood- 
vessels, etc. 

B. By Change of Connection. 

i. Anomalous articulations. 

2. Anomalous implantations, as teeth out 

of line. 

3. Anomalous attachments, as of muscles 

and ligaments. 

4. Anomalous branches, as of arteries and 

nerves. 

5. Anomalous openings, as of veins into 

the left auricle, of the ductus 
choledochus in an unusual situation, 
of the vagina into the rectum, of 
the rectum into the male urethra, 
of the rectum at the umbilicus, etc. 

C. In Continuity. 

1. Anomalous imperf orations, as of rec- 

tum, vulva, vagina, mouth, esopha- 
gus. 

2. Anomalous union of organs, as of kid- 

neys, testicles, digits, teeth, ribs; 
adhesion of the tongue to the 
palate. 

D. By Closure, as in complete transverse 

septum in the vagina. 

E. By Disjunction. 

1. Anomalous perforations, as persistence 

of foramen ovale, ductus arteriosus, 
urachus. 

2. Anomalous divisions, as splits, fissures 

in various organs, harelip, hypo- 
spadia, fissured tongue, cleft palate, 
fissured cheek. 
VI. ANOMALIES OF NUMBER AND EXIST- 
ENCE. 

1. By numerical defect, as absence of 

muscles, vertebra?, ribs, digits, teeth, 
a lung, a kidney, the uterus, the 
bladder, etc. 

2. By numerical excess, as supernumerary 

digits, ribs, teeth, breasts, a double 
uterus. 

HETEROTAXIS. 

I. Splanchnic Inversion. 
II. General Inversion. 



(6) 



HERMAPHRODITES. 



I. True Hermaphrodites. 

(a) Bilateral hermaphrodites. 

(b) Unilateral hermaphrodites. 

(c) Lateral hermaphrodites. 

II. Pseudohermaphrodites, with double sexual 
formation of the external genitals, but 
with unisexual development of the 
reproductive glands (ovaries and testi- 
cles). 

(a) Male pseudohermaphrodites, with testicles. 

1. Internal pseudohermaphrodites: De- 

velopment of uterus masculinus. 

2. External pseudohermaphrodites: Ex- 

ternal genitals approach the female 
type; the monstrosity presents a 
feminine appearance and build. 

3. Complete pseudohermaphrodites (in- 

ternal and external) : Uterus mascu- 
linus with tubes; separate efferent 
canals for bladder and uterus. 



Female pseudohermaphrodites, with ovaries: 
Persistence of male sexual parts. 

1. Internal hermaphrodites: Formation of 

vas deferens and tubes. 

2. External hermaphrodites: Approach of 

the external genitals to the male 
type. 
Complete hermaphrodites (internal and 
external): Masculine formation of 
the external genitals and of a part 
of the sexual tract. 



MONSTERS. 



3- 



CLASS I.— SINGLE MONSTERS. 



Order I. 



Genus I . . 



Genus II 



Autositic Monsters. 

{Phocomelus. 
Hemimelus. 
Micromelus. 
Ectromelus. 

TSymelus. 

1 Species 2 -j Uromelus. 

L 1 Sirenomelus. 



Genus III . 



[ Aspalasoma. 
I Agenosoma. 
J Cyllosoma. 
. I Schistosoma. 
Pleurosoma. 
I Celosoma. 

f Notencephalus. 

Proencephalus. 
J Podencephalus. 
I Hyperencephalus. 

Iniencephalus. 
t Exencephalus. 



Species 2. f Nosencephalus. 

Pseudenceph- ■< Thlipsencephalus. 
alus I Pseudencephalus. 



Single species. 
Celosoma . . 



Species 1. Ex- 
encephalus . . 



Species 3. An- 

encephalus . . 



Derencephalus. 
Anencephalus. 



Genus IV. 



C Ethmocephalus. 
Cebocephalus. 
Species 1. Cy- < Rhinocephalus. 
clocephalus . . . Cyclocephalus. 
[ Stomocephalus. 

C Sphenocephalus. 
SnwiM 9 Otn Otocephalus. 
Pe i!^l' r i Edocephalus. 

cephalus ....1 Qpococephalus. 
I Triocephalus. 



Order H. — Omphalositic Monsters. 



Genus I 



Species 1. Par- f Paracephalus. 
acephalus . . . < Omacephalus. 
L Hemiacephalus. 



Species 2. 
Acephalus 



Aso- 



{ Acephalus. 
Peracephalus. 
Mylacephalus. 



Species 3. 
mata. 
Genus II, Single Species, Anideus. 

CLASS H.— COMPOSITE MONSTERS. 

Order I. — Double Autositic Monsters. 
A. Terata katadidyma. 

Genus I, Diprosopus. 

Genus II, Dicephalus. 

Genus III, Ischiopagus. 

Genus IV, Pygopagus. 
Terata anadidyma. 

Genus I, Dipygus. 

Genus II, Syncephalus. 

Genus III, Craniopagus. 
Terata anakatadidyma. 

Genus I, Prosopothoracopagus. 

Genus II, Omphalopagus. 

Genus III, Rachipagus. 



B. 



MONSTRUM 



572 



MORGAGNI'S CARTILAGES 



Order II. 



Genus I 



Genus II. 



Double Parasitic Monsters. 

f Heteropagus. 
9npriP* t w> Heterodelphus. 

{ Heteromorphus. 



Species 2. 
teralius 



He- 



Species 1. 
Polygnathus 



Species 2. 
Polymelus . 



Genus III . . -J Endocyma. 



Epicomus. 
f Epignathus. 
J Hypognathus. 
j Paragnathus. 
L Augnathus. 

iPygomelus. 
Gastromelus. 
Notomelus. 
Cephalomelus. 
Melomelus. 
Dermocyma. 
Endocyma. 



Order III. — Triple Monsters. 

monstrum (mon' -strum). See monstrosity. 

Monteggia's dislocation (mon-tej'-e-ah) [Giovanni 
Batista Monteggia, Italian surgeon, 1762-1815]. 
A form of dislocation of the hip-joint in which the 
head of the femur is near the anterior superior iliac 
spine, and the limb is rotated outward. 

Monteverde's sign or test. The injection sub- 
cutaneously during life of a little ammonia solution 
will be followed by a port-wine congestion in sur- 
rounding parts, which does not take place in case of 
death. 

Montgomery's cups {mont-gom'-er-e) [William 
Fetherston Montgomery, Irish physician, 1797-1859]- 
The enlarged epithelial depressions in the mucosa 
of the uterus. M.'s glands, M.'s tubercles, the 
sebaceous glands of the areola of the nipple appearing 
as small prominences, especially during pregnancy 
and lactation; they communicate occasionally with 
aberrant galactophorous glands. 

monthlies (munth'-lez). The menses. 

monthly courses, m. sickness-. The menses. 
m. nurse, a nurse who attends a woman after child- 
birth. 

monticle (mon'-tik-l). See monticulus cerebelli. 

monticulus (mon-tik'-u-lus) [L.]. A small elevation. 
m. cerebelli, the prominent central portion of the 
superior vermiform process of the cerebellum, m. 
Veneris. See mons Veneris. 

Moon's molars [Henry Moon, English surgeon]. 
The first molar teeth, in congenital syphilis, are 
reduced in size and are dome shaped, owing to the 
dwarfing of the central tubercle of each cusp. 

moon-blindness. Amblyopia from exposure of 
the eyes to moonlight during sleep. 

Moore's fracture [Edward Mott Moore, American 
surgeon, 1814-1902]. Fracture of the lower end of 
the radius with dislocation of the ulna, the styloid 
process being tied down by the annular ligament. 

Moore's synapsis. The tangled skein of chromatin 
at one side of the nucleus formed in the prophase in 
heterotypical division of sex-cells. 

Moore's test for glucose. Treat the solution with 
one-fourth of its volume of sodium or potassium 
hydroxide and warm it; it will become first yellow, 
then orange, and finally brown, depending upon the 
amount of glucose present. 

Mooren's ulcer (moo-ren') [Albert Moor en, German 
oculist, 1828-1899]. A chronic serpiginous ulcer of 
the cornea occurring in elderly people. 

moradeine \(mor-ad'-e-in). An alkaloid obtained 
from the bark of Pogonopus febrifugus, of South 
America. 

Morand's disease (mor-on'(g)) [Sauveur Francois 
Morand, French surgeon, 1697-1773]- Paresis of 
the lower extremities. M.'s foot, a deformity of the 
foot that consists in the presence of eight toes. M.'s 
foramen, the foramen, cecal (of tongue), q. v. M.'s 
spur, the calcaneum. 

Morax-Axenfeld diplobacillus (mor'-aks-aks' -en- 
felt) [Victor Morax, French physician; Alexander 
Axenfeld, French physician]. A bacillus causing a 
mild form of conjunctivitis. 

morbi (mor'-bi) [L., genitive of morbus]. Of a 
disease, agens morbi, the cause or agent of disease. 
ens morbi, the being or essential quality of disease, 
materies morbi, the substance producing a disease. 

morbid (rnor'-bid) [morbus, disease]. Pertaining 



to disease or diseased parts, m. anatomy. See 
anatomy, morbid. 

morbidity (mor-bid'-it-e) [morbid]. 1. The quality 
of disease or of being diseased. 2. The conditions 
inducing disease. 3. The ratio of the number of 
sick individuals to the total population of a place. 

morbidize (mor'-bid-iz) [morbid]. To render 
sickly or abnormal. 

morbiferous (mor-bif'-er-us) [morbus, disease; 
ferre, to bear]. Conveying or spreading disease. 

morbific (mor-bif'-ik) [morbus; facer e, to make]. 
Producing disease. 

morbigenous (mor-bij'-en-us) [morbus, disease; 
yewav, to produce]. Producing disease. 

morbility (mor-bil'-it-e). Same as morbidity. 

morbilli (mor-bil'-i) [morbus]. Measles. 

morbilliform (mor-bil'-if-orm) [morbilli]. Re- 
sembling measles. 

morbillous (mor-biV-us) [morbilli, measles]. Per- 
taining to measles. 

morbose (mor'-bos) [morbus, disease]. Diseased. 

morbus (mor'-bus) [L.]. Disease, m. Addisonii, 
Addison's disease, m. anglicus, rickets, m. arcu- 
atus, icterus, m. Basedowii. See goiter, exophthal- 
mic, m. Brightii. See Bright' s disease, m. caducus, 
epilepsy, m. cseruleus, congenital cyanosis, m. 
Celsi, catalepsy, m., cholera. See cholera morbus. 
m. cceliacus, chronic diarrhea in children, m. cordis, 
the phenomena of chronic cardiac disease, m. coxae, 
m. coxarius, coxalgia. m. cucullaris, pertussis, m. 
divinus, epilepsy, m. gallicus, syphilis, m. macu- 
losus neonatorum, a fatal disease occurring during 
the first few days of life and consisting of hemor- 
rhages in various parts of the body. m. maculosus 
Werlhofii, purpura hemorrhagica, m. magnus, epi- 
lepsy, m. major, epilepsy, m. medicorum, the 
mania of those who seek the advice of physicians for 
imaginary diseases, m. miserias, any disease due to 
poverty, m. phlyctenoides, pemphigus, m. regius, 
jaundice, m. sacer, epilepsy, m. vesicularis, pem- 
phigus, m. virgineus, chlorosis, m. vulpis, alopecia. 
m. saltatorius, chorea, m. tuberculosis pedis, Ma- 
dura foot. 

morcellation (mor-sel-a'-shun) [Fr., morceler, to 
cut up or parcel out]. The art of reducing to frag- 
ments, as the fetus in embryotomy; the removal of a 
tumor or fetus piecemeal. 

morcellement (mor-sel-mon'(g)). See morcellation. 

mordacious (mor-da'-se-us) [mordax, biting]. Bit- 
ing, pungent. 

mordant (mor'-dant) [mordere, to bite]. A sub- 
stance, such as alum, phenol, anilin oil, that fixes 
the dyes used in coloring textures or in staining tissues 
and bacteria. 

mordication (mor-dik-a'-shun) [mordicare, to bite]. 
A burning and stinging inflammatory condition of 
the skin. 

Morel's ear (mor-eV) [Benoit Augustin Morel, 
French alienist, 1809-1873]. A large, outstanding 
ear with more or less pronounced effacement of the 
ridges and grooves. 

Morgagni's cartilages {mor-gahn'-ye) [Giovanni 
Battista Morgagni, Italian anatomist, 1682-1771]- 
See Wrisberg's cartilages. M.'s caruncle, the middle 
lobe of the prostate. M.'s cataract, senile cataract 
in which the nucleus remains hard, while the portion 
between it and the cortex liquefies. M.'s columns, 
vertical folds of the rectal mucous membrane seen 
at the point of union of the latter with the skin of 
the anus. M.'s concha, the superior turbinated 
bone of the ethmoid. M.'s foramen. See Mei- 
bomian foramen. M.'s fossa. 1. The fossa navi- 
cularis of the urethra. 2. The concave interspace 
between the upper border of the superior constrictor 
muscles of the pharynx and the basilar process of the 
occipital bone. M.'s frenum, M.'s retinaculum, 
the ridge formed around the cavity of the cecum by 
the prolongation of the folds of the ileocecal valve. 
M.'s glands, the small racemose muciparous glands 
in the mucous membrane of the urethra. M.'s 
globules, M.'s spheres, small, hyaline bodies found 
between the crystalline lens and its capsule before 
and after death, especially in cases of cataract. 
They are due to coagulation of the albuminous fluid 
contained in the lens. M.'s hydatid, a vesicle about 
the size of a pea, attached by a long thread-like stalk 
to the Fallopian tube in the female, and to the 
globus major of the epididymis in the male; it is 
derived from the duct of Mueller. M.'s lacunae, 
small depressions in the mucosa of the urethra, 



MORGAN'S (DE) SPOTS 



573 



MORRHUA 



especially the bulbous portion. M.'s liquor, a clear 
fluid formed postmortem in the crystalline lens. 
M.'s nodules. See corpora Arantii. M.'s prolapse, 
chronic hyperplastic inflammation of the mucosa 
and submucosa of Morgagni's ventricle. It is not a 
true prolapse. M.'s sinus, i. The prostatic sinus. 
2. The interval between the upper border of the 
superior constrictor muscle of the pharynx and the 
basilar process of the occipital bone. M.'s sinuses, 
M.'s valves, small pouches, opening upward, formed 
by the rectal mucosa, just above the anus. M.'s 
tubercles. See Montgomery' s tubercles. M.'s ven- 
tricle, the sacculus laryngis, the sac between the 
superior vocal bands and the inner surface of the 
thyroid cartilage. 

(de) Morgan's spots. Bright red nevoid spots 
often seen on the skin in cases of cancer. 

morgue (morg) [Ft.]. A place where unknown 
dead are exposed for identification. 

moria (mo'-re-ah) [pupla, folly]. A dementia 
characterized by talkativeness and silliness. 

moribund (mor'-ib-und) [moribundus, from moriri, 
to die]. In a dying condition. 

morioplasty (mor'-e-o-plas-te) [nopiov, a small piece; 
irXacraeiv, to mold]. Plastic surgery. 

morning-sickness. The nausea of pregnant 
women, occurring chiefly in the early months of 
gestation; sometimes experienced by the husband 
during the wife's early pregnancy. 

morococcus (mo-ro-kok'-us) [morus, mulberry; 
coccus]. A form of micrococcus found clumped or 
in a mass. 

morocomium {mo-ro-ko'-me-urri) [fiaipds, mad: 
Kofielv, to care for]. An insane asylum. 

morodochium (mo-ro-do'-ke-um) [puapbs, silly; 
aexeotfcu, to receive]. An asylum for the insane. 

moron (mor'-on) [pupbs, dull, stupid], i. A fool. 
2. A child with permanently arrested mental de- 
velopment. 

Moro's tuberculin test or reaction [E. Moro, 
German physician, 1874- ]. A test to determine 
the presence or absence of tuberculosis. A small 
amount of an ointment of equal parts of "old" 
tuberculin and anhydrous lanolin is rubbed into the 
unbroken skin of the abdomen or thorax for three 
to five minutes. A positive reaction is indicated 
by the appearance, within 24 to 48 hours, of hyper- 
emia of the area and a number of paputes. 

morosis (mo-ro'-sis) [fiupatrvs, foolishness]. In- 
sanity. 

morph (morf) [nopcpv, a blotch]. One of the 
dark spots that occur on the foreheads of blonde 
women suffering from uterine trouble, or who are 
pregnant. 

morphea, morphcea (mor-fe'-ah) [nopcprj, a blotch]. 
A disease of the skin characterized by the presence 
of rounded or oval, pinkish or ivory-white patches, 
due to an excess of fibrous tissue, with atrophy of 
the skin-structures proper. It is believed to be a 
trophoneurosis, and is considered a circumscribed 
form of scleroderma. Syn., Addison's keloid; cir- 
cumscribed scleroderma, m., acroteric, the form in 
which the beginning and the greatest intensity of 
the disease are at the extremities, m., herpetiform, 
where the lesions follow those of herpes in their 
distribution. 

morpheum (mor'-fe-um). Morphine. 

morphia (mor'-fe-ah). See morphine. 

morphine, morphina (mor'-fen, mor-fi'-nah) [Mor- 
pheus, god of sleep], C17H19NO3 +H2O. A colorless 
or white crystalline alkaloid obtained from opium, 
to which the chief effects of opium are due. It differs 
from opium in being less stimulant, less constipating, 
and less likely to produce disagreeable after-effects. 
On account of its insolubility in water morphine is 
used principally in the form of its salts. The dose 
of the salts of morphine is f-§ gr. (0.008-0.032 Gm.). 
m. acetate {morphina acetas, U. S. P.), O7H19NO3 . - 
C2H4O2 +3H2O. From it are prepared liquor morphia 
acetatis (B. P.) (§ gr. to the dram), dose 20-40 min. 
(1.3-2.6 Cc), and injectio morphina. hypodermica 
(1 gr. in 10 min.). m. benzoate, C17H19NO3 . C7H6O2, 
white crystalline powder or prisms used in treat- 
ment of asthma. Dose ^-f gr. (0.005-0.03 Gm.). 
m. borate, a white powder containing about 33 % 
of morphine; recommended for hypodermatic use 
and for eve-lotions, m. hydrochloride (morphines 
hydrochlori'dum, U. S. P.), C17H19NO3 . HCI+3H2O. 
Prom it are prepared liquor morphia hydrochloratis 
(B. P.) (| gr. to the dram), dose 15-30 min. (1-2 Cc); 



suppositoria morphia, (B. P.) (f gr. each); tinctura 
chloroformi et morphina (| gr. to the dram) ; trochisci 
morphia (B. P.) ( 3 V gr.), and trochisci morphia et 
ipecacuanha (B. P.) (^ gr.). m. phthalate, is em- 
ployed hypodermatically. m., powder of, compound 
(pulvis morphina compositus, U. S. P.), Tully's 
powder. Dose 10 gr. (0.65 Gm.), containing | gr. 
(0.01 Gm.) of morphine sulphate, m. stearate, 
C17H19NO3 . C17H35COOH, contains 25 % of mor- 
phine and is used in applications (0.5 to 50 Gm. of 
fixed oil of almonds), ointments (0.5 to 50 Gm. of 
petrolatum), and suppositories (0.02 to 2.5 Gm. of 
cacao-butter), m. sulphate (morphina sulphas, 
U. S. P), (Ci7Hi 9 N0 3 )2 . H2SO4+5H2O. From it are 
prepared liquor morphia sulphafis (B. P.), dose 10-40 
min. (0.65-2.5 Cc), the compound powder of mor- 
phine, and liquor morphina hypodermicus (N. F.), 
Magendie's solution, containing 16 gr. to the ounce, 
m. tartrate, is employed for hypodermatic use. 
m. valerate, m. valerianate, C17H19NO3 . C5H10O2, is 
used as a sedative. 

morphinia (mor-fin'-e-ah) [morphine]. Any disease 
due to the excessive use of morphine. 

morphinism (mor'-fin-izm) [morphine]. 1. The 
condition caused by the habitual use of morphine. 
2. The morphine-habit. 

morphinization (mor-fin-iz-a'-shun) [morphine]. 
The production of the physiological effects of mor- 
phine. 

morphinodipsia (mor-fin-o-dip'-se-ah) [morphine ; 
8tya, thirst]. Morphinomania. 

morphinomania, morphiomania (mor-fin-o-ma'-ne- 
ah, mor-fe-o-ma'-ne-ah) [morphine; p.avla, madness]. 

1. A morbid craving for morphine. 2. Insanity 
due to the morphine-habit. 

morphinophagia, morphiophagy (mor-fin-o-fa'-je-ah, 
mor-fi-off'-aj-e) [morphine; <payeii>, to eat]. Opium- 
eating. 

morphinum, morphium (mor-fi'-num, mor'-fe-um). 
Morphine. 

morphiometry (mor-fe-om'-et-re) [morphine; perpov, 
measure]. The determination of the quantity of 
morphine in a drug preparation or sample of opium. 

morphcea (mor-fe'-ah). See morphea. 

morphogenesis (mor-fo-jen'-es-is). See morphogeny. 

morphogeny (mor-foj'-en-e) [jiop<pri, form; ykveia, 
generation]. The genesis of form; the history of the 
evolution of form. 

morphography (mor-fog'-ra-fe) [pLop<pij, form; 
ypacpeiv, to write]. Systematic investigation of the 
structure of organisms in the most comprehensive 
way. See morphology. 

morpholecithal (mor-fo-les'-ith-aT) Uwp<pr), form; 
Xeatfos, yolk of an egg]. 1. Germinal; formative. 

2. Pertaining to the morpholecithus. 
morpholecithus (mor-fo-les'-ith-us) [p.op<pri, form; 

Xe/a0os, yolk of an egg]. The formative yolk of an 
egg; the portion of an egg that undergoes segmenta- 
tion and germination. 

morphological (mor-fo-loj'-ik-al). Pertaining to 
morphology. 

morphology (mor-fol'-o-je) [nop<pri, form; \6yos, 
science]. The science that treats of the form and 
structure of organized beings. 

morpholysis (mor-fol'-is-is) [floppy, form; Xuo-is, 
a loosening]. Destruction of form. 

morphometry (mor-fom'-et-re) [p.op<prj, form; p.krpov, 
a measure]. The measurement of the forms of 
organisms. 

morphon (mor'-fon) [p.op<j>ii, form]. An individual 
element of an organism, characterized by a definite 
form, as a cell or a segment of a vertebrate. 

morphonosus (mor-fon'-o-sus) [p.op<t>n, form; wo-os, 
disease]. An anomalous change in the form of organs 
or parts. 

morphosan (mor'-fo-san). Proprietary name for 
morphine methylbromate. 

morphosis (mor-fo'-sis) [see morphon]. The act, 
mode, or order of formation of an organism. 

morphotic (mor-fol'-ik) [morphosis]. Pertaining 
to morphosis; entering into the formation of the 
framework of an organism, m. proteids, those that 
enter into the structure of the tissues. 

morpio (mor'-pe-o) [L.]. The crab-louse. 

Morrant-Baker's cysts. See Baker's cysts. 

morrhua (mor'-u-ah) [L.; gen., morrhua]. The cod. 
morrhuae, emulsum olei (U. S. P.), a mixture of cod- 
liver oil, acacia, syrup, oil of gaultheria, and water. 
Dose 2 dr. (8 Cc). morrhuae, emulsum olei, cum 
hypophosphitibus (U. S. P.), emulsion of cod-liver oil 



MORRHUIN 



574 



MOUNDING 



and hypophosphites, contains of cod-liver oil, 500 Cc; 
acacia, 125 Gm.; calcium hypophosphite, 10 Gm.; 
potassium hypophosphite, 5 Gm.; sodium hypo- 
phosphite, s Gm.; syrup, 10 Cc; oil of gaultheria, 
4 Cc; water, q. s. Dose 2 dr. (8 Cc). morrhuse, 
oleum (U. S. P.), cod-liver oil, a fixed oil obtained 
from the fresh livers of Gadus morrhua and other 
species of Gadus. Three varieties of oil are known in 
commerce — a white or pale-yellow, a brownish- 
yellow, and a dark-brown. The oil contains gaduin 
(C35H46O9), oleic, palmitic, stearic, myristic, and 
physetolic acids, glycerol, butyric and acetic acids, 
biliary pigments, iodine, and bromine. A crystalline 
substance, morrhuol, containing phosphorus, iodine, 
and bromine, has also been isolated, as well as several 
leukomaine and the fixed bases, asellin (C25H32N4) 
and morrhuin (C19H27N3). Cod-liver oil is used in 
pulmonary and other forms of tuberculosis, and in 
wasting conditions due to other causes. Dose 1 dr.- 
| oz. (4-16 Cc). 

morrhuin {mor'-oo-iri) . See under morrhua. 

morrhuol (mor'-oo-ol). See under morrhua. 

Morris' test. A rod graduated from the center 
and provided with sliding pointers is placed across 
the abdomen, so that its center corresponds to the 
median line of the body, and the pointers are moved 
along it until they reach the outer surface of the great- 
er trochanter. In cases of fracture of the neck of the 
femur a discrepancy will be found on comparing the 
measurements on the two sides of the body. 

mors (morz) [L.]. Death. 

morsal (mor'-sel). [morsus, a bite]. Relating to 
the cutting or grinding portion of a tooth. 

morselling (mor'-sel-ing). See morcellation. 

morsulus (mor'-su-lus) [dim. of morsus, a bite]. 
A lozenge or tablet. 

morsus (mor'-sus) [L.]. A bite. m. diaboli, a 
fanciful name for the fimbriated extremity of the 
oviduct. 

mortal (mor'-tal) [mor talis, from mors, death]. 
Liable to death or dissolution; terminating in death; 
causing death; deadly. 

mortality (mor-tal'-it-e) [mortal]. 1. The quality 
of being mortal. 2. The death-rate. 

mortar (mor' -tar) [mor tar turn, an urn]. An urn- 
shaped vessel of porcelain, iron, or glass, for pul- 
verizing substances by means of a pestle. 

mortiferous (mor-tif -er-us) [mors; ferre, to bear]. 
Fatal. _ 

mortification (mor-tif -ik-a' -shun). See gangrene. 

Morton's cough {mor' -tun) [Thomas George Morton, 
American surgeon, 1835-1903]. A cough followed 
by the vomiting of food, frequently, occurring in 
pulmonary tuberculosis. M.'s disease. See M.'s 
foot. M.'s fluid, iodine, 10 gr.; potassium iodide, 
30 gr.; and glycerin, 1 ounce; used by injection in 
cases of spinal meningocele. M.'s foot, a painful 
affection of the metatarsophalangeal joint of the 
fourth toe; me ta tarsalgia. 

mortuary (mor'-tu-a-re) [mortuarium, a tomb]. 
1. A house for temporary burial; a morgue. 2. Re- 
lating to death or burial. 

morula (mor'-u-lah) [dim. of morum, a mulberry]. 
The solid mass of cells resulting from the complete 
segmentation of the vitellus of an ovum. 

morulation (mor -u-la' -shun) [morula]. The forma- 
tion of the morula during the process of the seg- 
mentation of the egg. 

moruloid (mor'-u-loid) [morula, a little mulberry; 
eI5os, like]. Resembling a morula. 

morulus (mor'-u-lus). The lesion characteristic 
of frambesia. A frambesial sore. 

morum (mo'-rum) [L., "a mulberry"]. 1. The 
fruit of the mulberry. 2. Condyloma. 3. Nevus. 

morus (mo'-rus). See mulberry. 

Morvan's chorea (mor-van'). Fibrillary contrac- 
tions of the muscles of the calves and posterior por- 
tion of the thighs, often extending to the trunk and 
upper extremities, but leaving the face and neck 
intact. Syn., choree fibrillaire de Morvan. M.'s 
disease, a trophic affection of the skin with pain, 
followed by analgesia first of one side, then of the 
other, and then the formation of whitlows attended 
with necrosis of the phalanges. Muscular atrophy, 
paresis, contraction of the fingers, and loss of the 
sensations of heat and cold are other symptoms. 

morve (morv) . See equinia. 

morvin (mor'-vin) [Fr. morve, glanders, malleus]. 
See mallein. 

moschus (mos'-kus). Musk; the dried secretion 



from the prepuce of the musk-deer, used as an 
antispasmodic. 

Mosler's diabetes (moz'-ler) [Karl Friedrich 
Mosler, German physician, 1831- ]. Polyuria 
due to the presence of too much inosite in the blood. 

mosquito (mus-ke'-to) [Sp., "a little gnat"]. An 
insect the sting of which causes the formation of a 
wheal that itches intensely; especially the Culex 
mosquito. It is also a .pathogenic agent in the 
transmission . of disease. See Anopheles, Culex, 
Stegomyia. 

moss [AS., me6s], 1. A small cryptogamic plant 
of the natural order Musci. m., Ceylon. See agar. 
m., club-. See lycopodium. m., Corsican. See 
Corsican moss, m.-fibers, peculiar fibers derived 
from the white center of the cerebellum, and charac- 
terized by having pencils of fine short branches at 
intervals like tufts of moss; they end partly in the 
granular layer, partly in the molecular layer, m., 
Iceland. See cetraria. m., Irish. See chondrus. 

Moszkowicz test (mos'-ko-vits). For arteriosclero- 
sis: the limb is elevated until the skin becomes pale; 
a broad, elastic bandage is applied around the thigh 
as high up as possible, and the bandage is allowed 
to remain in place for five minutes. On removing 
the elastic bandage a hyperemic blush spreads 
over the limb but is less intense as the ischemic 
areas of the foot or leg are approached. The con- 
trast between the red and pale areas is marked, and 
varies with the extent of the arterial obstruction. 

moth, moth-patches. Chloasma. 

mother (muth'-er) [AS., moder]. 1. A female 
parent. 2. The source of anything. 3. [allied to 
AS., mud.] A slimy film formed on the surface of 
fermenting liquid, as on vinegar, m.-cell, a cell 
from which other cells are formed, especially one the 
nucleus of which is undergoing karyokinetic changes 
preparatory to dividing into daughter-cells, m.- 
liquor, the liquid remaining after dissolved substances 
have separated by crystallization, m.'s mark, a 
birth-mark. See nevus. 

motile (mo'-til) [mover e, to move]. Able to move; 
capable of spontaneous motion, as a motile fiagellum. 

motility (mo-til' -it-e) [motile]. Ability to move 
spontaneously. 

motion (mo' -shun) [mover e, to move]. 1. The 
act of changing place. 2. An evacuation of the 
bowels; the matter evacuated. 

motive (mo'-tiv) [mover e, to move]. Causing 
motion; a determining impulse, m. force, m. power, 
the moving or impelling force. 

motor (mo' -tor) [see motion]. 1. Moving or causing 
motion. 2. Concerned in or pertaining to motion, 
as motor cell, motor center, motor nerve, m. aphasia. 
See under aphasia, m. area, the portion of the 
cerebral hemisphere presiding over voluntary motion, 
including the precentral gyri, the posterior part of 
the three frontal gyri, and the paracentral lobule on 
the median surface of the hemisphere, m. nerve- 
organs, m. nerve-plates, m.-sprays. See fields of 
innervation, m. oculi, the third cranial or oculo- 
motor nerve supplying all the muscles of the eye 
except the superior oblique and external rectus. 
m. points, the points on the surface of the body 
where the various branches of the motor nerves 
supplying the muscles may be stimulated by elec- 
tricity. 

motorgraphic (mo-tor-graf'-ik). See kinetographic. 

motorial (mo-to'-re-al) [motor]. Of or pertaining 
to motion, m. end-plate, an eminence of protoplasm 
within the sarcolemma of a muscular fiber, repre- 
senting the termination of the motor nerve-fiber. 

motorium (mo-to'-re-um) [motor]. 1. A motor 
center. 2. The motor apparatus of the body, both 
nervous and muscular, considered as a unit. 

motorius (mo-to'-re-us) [L.]. A motor nerve. 

motormeter (mo-tor-me'-ter). A kinesiometer 
used in recording gastric movements. 

motorpathy (mo'-tor-path-e) [motor; irados, disease]. 
Kinetotherapy. 

Mott's law of anticipation. When children of the 
insane become insane they do so at a much earlier 
age than did their parents, and they are also liable 
to suffer from a more intense form of the disease. 

mottling (mot' -ling) [OF., matelle, clotted; curdled]. 
A spotted condition. 

mould (mold). See mold. 

mounding (mown' -ding). The rising in a lump of 
muscle-fibers when struck by a slight, firm blow. 
It is observed in the thin and feeble, and in certain 



MOUNTAIN ANEMIA 



575 



MUCOIDS 



diseases, as pulmonary tuberculosis and advanced 
locomotor ataxia. See myoidema. 

mountain anemia. Ankylostomiasis, m.-fever, 
m.-sickness. i. A condition characterized by dysp- 
nea, rapid pulse, headache, nausea, and vomiting, 
depending upon the rarefied state of the air at high 
altitudes. This is properly called mountain-sickness. 
2. A form of typhoid fever occurring in mountainous 
districts. 

mounting {mown' -ting) [mount]. The act of ar- 
ranging objects, especially anatomical specimens, on 
a suitable support and in a proper medium for ready- 
examination. For macroscopic specimens the medi- 
um is usually alcohol; for microscopic specimens, 
Canada balsam or glycerol. 

mouth (mowth) [AS., muth]. i. The commence- 
ment of the alimentary canal; the cavity in which 
mastication takes place. In a restricted sense, the 
aperture between the lips. 2. The entrance to any 
cavity or canal, m.-breather, a person who habitu- 
ally breathes through the mouth, m.-breathing, 
respiration through the mouth instead of, as normally, 
through the nose. 

movement (moov'-ment) [movere, to move]. The 
act of moving, m., ameboid, a movement produced 
in certain cells, as the white corpuscles, by the 
protrusion of processes of the protoplasm into which 
the whole cell then seems to flow; so-called from 
the resemblance of the movement to that of the 
ameba. m., angular, the movement between two 
bones that may take place forward or backward, in- 
ward or outward, m., associated, an involuntary 
movement in one part when another is moved volun- 
tarily, m., Brownian, a physical phenomenon, 
a form of communicated motion observed in aggrega- 
tions of minute particles, and consisting of a rapid 
oscillating movement without change of the relative 
position of the moving particles; also called pedesis. 
m., ciliary, a lashing movement produced by delicate 
hair-like processes termed cilia, as on the epithelium 
of the respiratory tract and in certain microorganisms. 
m., circus-, rapid circular movements or someisaults, 
produced by injury of the corpus striatum, of the 
optic thalamus, or of the crus cerebri of one side. 
m., communicated, that produced by a force acting 
from without; opposed to spontaneous movement. 
m.-cure, kinesipathy. m., fetal, the movements 
of the fetus in the uterus, m., forced, movement of 
the body from injury of the motor centers or the 
conducting paths, as index movement, when the ceph- 
alic part of the body is moved about the stationary 
caudal part; rolling movement, when the animal rolls 
on its long axis, m., index, when the cephalic part 
of the body is moved about the fixed caudal part. 
m., molecular. Synonym of m., Brownian. m., 
rolling, when the animal rolls on its long axis, m., 
Swedish, kinesipathy. m., vermicular, peristalsis. 

mower's mite (mo'-er). The harvest mite; see 
Leptus autumnalis. 

moxa (moks'-ah) [Jap.]. A combustile material 
which is applied to the skin and ignited for the 
purpose of producing an eschar. It is prepared from 
several species of Artemisia; artificial moxa is made 
from cotton saturated with niter, m.-bearer, an 
instrument for applying the moxa. Syn., Porte- 
moxa. m., electric, a faradic brush used as an active 
electrode upon the dry skin. 

moxibustion (moks-ib-us'-chun) [moxa; combustion]. 
Cauterization by means of a moxa. 

moxosphyra {moks-os-fi'-rah) [moxa, <r<pvpa, ham- 
mer]. A hammer heated in boiling water and applied 
to the skin for purposes of counter-irritation. 

moyrapuama (rnoi-rah-poo-am'-ah). See muira- 
puama. 

M. P. S. Abbreviation for Member of the Phar- 
maceutical Society. 

M.R.C.P. Abbreviation for Member of the Royal 
College of Physicians. 

M.R.C.S. Abbreviation for Member of the Royal 
College of Surgeons. 

M. R. C. V. S. Abbreviation for Member of the 
Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons. 

M.S. Abbreviation 1. for Master of Surgery; 
2. for Master of Science. 

Ms. Chemical symbol of masrium. 

M.S. A. Abbreviation for Member of the Apothe- 
caries' Society. 

M.Sc. Abbreviation of Master of Science. 

M. u. Abbreviation of mache unit. 

muavine, muawine {moo-ah'-vin, -win). An alka- 



loid from muawi-bark. The hydrobromide is used 
as a cardiac stimulant. 

muawi-bark (moo-ah'-we-bark). The bark of a 
leguminous tree closely related to Erythrophlceum 
coumingo; used as an arrow-poison in Madagascar. 
Syn., muawa. 

mucago (mu-ka'-go). Mucus; mucilage. 
mucedin (mii'-se-din) [mucus]. A nitrogenous 
substance obtained from gluten. 

mucherus (mil'-ker-us). The gum obtained from 
Bombax malabaricum ; it is astringent and styptic. 
Dose 30-45 gr. (2-3 Gm.). Syn., mocharas; mochras; 
mochurrus. 

mucic (mu'-sik) [mucus]. Obtained from mucus or 
mucilage, m. acid, CeHioOs. A crystalline dibasic 
acid produced by the oxidation of gums and certain 
sugars.^ 

mucicarmine {mu-se-kar'-min). A stain for mucin 
made up of carmine, 1 Gm.; aluminum chloride, 
0.5 Gm.; distilled water, 2 Cc. 

muciferous (mu-sif'-er-us) [mucus; ferre, to bear]. 
Producing or secreting mucus. 

muciform (mu'-sif-orm) [mucus; forma, form]. 
Resembling mucus. 

mucigen (mu'-sij-en) [mucin; ytwav, to produce]. 
A substance producing mucin; it is contained in 
epithelial cells that form mucus. 

mucigenous {mu-sij'-en-us) [see mucigen]. Pro- 
ducing mucus. 

mucilage (mu'-sil-dj) [mucilago, moldy moisture]. 
In pharmacy, a solution of a gum in water. Mucil- 
ages (mucilagines) are employed as applications to 
irritated surfaces, particularly mucous membranes, 
as excipients for pills, and to suspend insoluble sub- 
stances. The following are employed: Mucilago 
acacia (U. S. P.), M. amyli (B. P.), M. sassafras 
medulla (U. S. P.), M. tragacanthce (U. S. P.), M. 
ulmi (U. S. P.). 

mucilaginous (mu-sil-aj'-in-us) [mucilage]. Per- 
taining to or of the nature of mucilage. 
mucilago (mu-sil-a'-go). See mucilage. 
mucin (mu'-sin) [mucus]. An albuminoid sub- 
stance, the characteristic constituent of mucus. It 
is supposed to be produced by the union of an al- 
buminous body and a colloid carbohydrate, the "ani- 
mal gum" of Landwehr. Mucin occurs in saliva, bile, 
secretions of mucous membranes, synovial fluid, 
in mucous tissue, in certain cysts, etc. • It is insolu- 
ble in water, and is precipitated by alcohol and 
acetic acid, m.-sugar. See levulose. 

mucinemia {mu-sin-e' -me-ah) [mucin; al/ia, blood]. 
The presence of mucin in the blood. 

mucinoblast (mu-sin'-o-blast) [mucin; /3Xa<rr6s, a 
germ]. 1. A cell whose function it is to elaborate 
mucin. Syn., mast-cell. 2. A goblet-cell. 

mucinogen (mu-sin'-o-jen) [mucin; yewav, to 
produce]. The antecedent principle from which 
mucin is derived. 

mucinoid (mu'-sin-oid) [mucin; elSos, like]. Re- 
sembling mucin. 

mucinoids (mu'-sin-oidz). See mucoids. 
mucinuria (mu-sin-u'-re-ah) [mucin; ovpov, urine]. 
The presence of mucin in the urine. 

muciparous (mu-sip'-ar-us) [mucus; par ere, to 
bring forth]. Secreting or producing mucus. 

mucitis (mu-si'-tis) [mucus; ms, inflammation]. 
Inflammation of a mucous membrane. 

mucivorous (mu-siv'-or-us) [mucus; vorare, to 
devour]. Subsisting on mucus or gum. 

muco- {mu-ko-) [mucus]. A prefix meaning per- 
taining to mucus. 

mucocele {mu'-ko-sel) [muco-; k^Ai?, tumor]. 
1. A mucous tumor. 2. An enlarged lacrimal sac. 
mucocolitis (mu-ko-ko-li'-tis). See colitis, mucous. 
mucocolpos {mu-ko-kol'-pos) [muco-; koXwos, vagina] 
A collection of mucus in the_ vagina. 

mucocutaneous (mu-ko-ku-ta'-ne-us) [muco-; cuta- 
neous]. Pertaining to a mucous membrane and the 
skin; pertaining to the lines where these join. 

mucoderm (mu'-ko-derm) [muco-; oepfia, skin]. 
The corium of a mucous membrane. 

mucoenteritis {mu-ko-en-ter-i'-tis). Inflammation 
of the mucous membrane of the intestine. 

mucoid (mu'-koid) [muco-; eidos, likeness]. Re- 
sembling mucus. 

mucoids (mu'-koidz) [see mucoid]. A group of 
glycoproteids embracing colloid, chondromucoid, 
and pseudomucin, and differing from true mucins in 
their solubilities and precipitation properties. They 
are found in cartilage, in the cornea and crystalline 



MUCOMEMBRANOUS 



576 



MULTIDENTATE 



lens, in white of egg, and in certain cysts and ascitic 
fluids. 

mucomembranous {mu-ko-mem'-bran-us). See mu- 
cosal. 

mucoperiosteum {mu-ho-per-i-os'-te-um). Peri- 
osteum possessing a mucous surface. 

mucopurulent {mu-ko-pu' -ru-lent) [muco-; puru- 
lent]. Containing mucus mingled with pus. 

mucopus {mu'-ko-pus) [muco-; pus], A mixture 
of mucus and pus. 

Mucor {mu'-kor) [mucere, to be moldy]. A genus 
of hyphomycetes. M. corymbifer, a species found 
in the cerumen of the external auditory meatus. 
M. mucedo, a species found on fecal matter and 
nitrogenous organic substances. M. niger, a para- 
sitic fungus causing black discoloration of lingual 
papillae. > 

mucoriferous {mu-kor-if'-er-us) [mucor; ferre, to 
bear]. Mold-bearing or covered with a mold-like 
substance. 

mucorin {mu'-kor-in) [mucor]. An albuminoid sub- 
stance from many species of the mucorinous molds. 

mucosa {mu-ko'-sah) [mucosus, mucous]. A mu- 
cous membrane; more fully, membrana mucosa. 

mucosal {mu-ko'-sal). Relating to mucous mem- 
branes. 

mucosanguineous {mu-ko-san-gwin'-e-us). Con- 
sisting of mucus and blood. 

mucosedative {mu-ko-sed'-at-iv). Soothing to 
mucosae. 

mucoserous {mu-ko-se'-rus). Both mucous and 
serous; containing mucous and serum. 

mucosin {mu'-ko-sin) [mucus]. The form of 
mucin to which the nasal, uterine, and bronchial 
mucus owe their viscosity. 

mucosity {mu-kos'-it-e). Sliminess. 

mucous (mu'-kus) [mucus]. Containing or having 
the nature of mucus; secreting mucus, as mucous 
membrane; depending on the presence of mucus, as 
mucous rales, m. casts, a term given to the casts 
found in the feces in cases of membranous enteritis. 
m. catarrh, catarrhal inflammation of a mucous 
membrane, m. colitis. See colitis, mucous, m. 
degeneration. See degeneration, m. disease, entero- 
colitis, especially of children, m. glands, glands 
containing mucous cells. m. membrane. See 
membrane, m. patch, a flattened, grayish-white 
exudate, occurring in secondary syphilis on mucous 
membranes and at mucocutaneous junctions, m. 
polyp, a soft, gelatinous outgrowth from a mucous 
membrane; it may be a true myxoma, but usually is 
a hyperplasia due to chronic inflammation, m. 
tissue, a form of connective tissue in which the 
intercellular substance is of a soft, gelatinous char- 
acter and contains mucin. The cells from pressure 
assume a stellate or spindle shape, m. tumor, a 
myxoma. 

muculent {mu'-ku-lent). Rich in mucus. 

Mucuna {mu-ku'-nah) [Braz.]. A genus of 
leguminous herbs. The hairs of the pods of M. 
pruriens, cowage, were formerly used as a vermifuge 
and counterirritant. 

mucus {mu'-kus) [L.]. The viscid liquid secreted 
by mucous membranes. It consists of water, 
mucin, and inorganic salts, together with epithelial 
cells, leukocytes, etc., held in suspension. 

mud-bath. See bath-, mud. 

mudar {mu'-dar) [E. Ind.]. The root-bark of 
various Asiatic species of Calotropis (C. gigantea, 
C. procera, C. hamiltoni) ; it is alterative, tonic, di- 
uretic, sudorific, and emetic. 

mudarin {mu'-dar -in) [E. Ind., mudar]. A bitter 
principle from mudar; it is said to be tonic, emetic, 
and alterative. 

Mueller's capsule {mii'-ler) [i. Johannes Mueller, 
German physiologist, 1801-1858]. See Bowman's 
capsule. M.'s blood-motes, M.'s dust-bodies. See 
hemokonia. M.'s duct or canal, [1], a duct lying 
internally to the Wolffian body; it practically dis- 
appears in the male, but becomes the Fallopian 
tube and part of the uterus and vagina in the female. 
M.'s eminence, in the embryo, the protuberance 
formed by the cloaca at the point of entrance of 
Mueller's duct. Syn., colliculus Muelleri. M.'s 
experiment, [1]. 1. See Valsalva's experiment. 
2. See Valsalva's lest. M.'s fibers [2. Heinrich 
Mueller, German anatomist, 1820-1864]. Modified 
neuroglia cells which traverse perpendicularly the 
layers of the retina, and connect the internal and 
external limiting membranes. M.'s fluid, [3. Her- 



mann Franz Mueller, German histologist, 1866-1898]. 
A fluid used for hardening tissues. Its composition 
is as follows: Potassium dichromate, 2 to 2.5 parts; 
sodium sulphate, 1 part; water, 100 parts. M.'s 
ganglion. See Ehrenritter's ganglion. M.'s law. 
1. The tissue of which a tumor is composed has its 
type in the tissues of the animal body, either in the 
adult or in the embryonic condition. 2. The "law 
of isolated conduction." The nervous impulse, or 
"wave of change," passing through a neuron is not 
communicated to other neurons, even when these 
lie close alongside of it, except at the terminals. 
M.'s muscle, [2]. 1. The circular bundles of 
muscular fibers which form part of the ciliary muscle 
and are situated nearest to the iris. 2. The superior 
palpebral muscle. M.'s ring, a muscular ring 
formed at the internal os uteri during the later 
stages of pregnancy. M.'s sarcoma, adenofibroma 
of the breast. Syn., sarcoma phyllodes. M.'s 
sign, [4. Koloman Mueller, Hungarian physician, 
1849- ]. Pulsation of the tonsils and soft 
palate in cases of aortic insufficiency. M.'s test for 
cystin, boil the cystin with potassium hydroxide 
to dissolve it; when cold, dilute with water and add a 
solution of sodium nitroprusside. This produces a 
violet coloration which changes rapidly to yellow. 

Muellerian cyst. A cyst developed from Mueller's 
duct. 

Muenchymeyer's disease {moonsh'-mi-er). A 
progressive poliomyelitis with myositis ossificans. 

muguet {moo-gwa') [Fr.]. Thrush. 

muira puama {moo-e'-rah poo-am' -ah) [Indian name 
or straight tree]. A shrub indigenous to the region 
of the Amazon. It is recommended in the treat- 
ment of impotence and as a nerve-tonic. Dose of 
fluidextract 15-30 min. (1-2 Cc). 

mulberry {mul'-ber-e) [morus, mulberry-tree]. 
A tree of the genus Morus. Morus nigra is the 
source of mori succus of the B. P., the latter being 
used to make syrupus mori (B. P.). Both are em- 
ployed as drinks in fevers and as additions to gargles 
in pharyngitis. The fruit of Morus alba is used as 
food for silkworms, m. calculus. See calculus, 
mulberry, m. mark, a nevus, m. mass. See 
morula. 

Mulder's angle, {mool'-der) [Johannes Mulder, 
Dutch anatomist, 1769-1810]. In craniometry, that 
angle produced by the junction of Camper's line and 
a line joining the basi-occipital bone and the nasion. 

Mulder's test for glucose. Alkalinize the solution 
with sodium carbonate and add a solution of indigo- 
carmin. If glucose is present, the solution becomes 
decolorized on heating, but changes to blue again on 
shaking with air. M.'s test for proteids, proteids 
are colored yellow on treating with concentrated 
nitric acid; on the addition of ammonia or sodium 
or potassium hydroxide they become orange-yellow. 
Syn., xanthoproteic reaction. 

Mules' operation {mulz) [Philip Henry Mules, 
English ophthalmologist, 1843-1905]- Evisceration 
of the globe followed by the insertion of a silver or 
glass ball within the sclerotic, with the view of 
rendering the stump better suited to an artificial 
eye. 

muliebria {mu-le-eb' -re-ah) [L. neut. pi. of muliebris, 
pertaining to a woman]. The female genital organs. 

muliebris {mu'-li-eb-ris). Pertaining to a woman. 

muliebrity {mu-le-eb' -rit-e) [mulier, woman]. 
Womanliness; puberty in the female. 

mullen, mullein {mul'-en). See verbascum. 

multangulum {mul-tan' -gu-lum) [multus, many; 
angulus, an angle]. A bone with many angles. 
m. majus, the trapezium, m. minus, the trapezoid 
bone. 

multarticulate, multiarticulate {mul-tar-tik'-u-lat, 
mul-te-ar-tik'-u-lat) [multus, many; articulus, a joint]. 
Furnished with many joints. 

multi- {mul-te-) [multus, much]. A prefix signi- 
fying many. 

multicapsular {mul-tik-ap'-su-lar) [multi-; capsula, 
a little box]. In biology, composed of many cap- 
sules. 

multicellular {mul-te-seV -u-lar) [multi-; cellula, 
cell]. Many-celled. 

multicostate {mul-te-kos'-tat) [multi-; costa, a rib]. 
Having many ribs. 

multicuspid, multicuspidate {mul-te-kus'-pid, mul- 
te-kus'-pid-at) [multi-; cuspis, a point]. Having 
several cusps, m. teeth, the molar teeth. 

multidentate {mul-te-den'-tat) [multi-; dens, a 



MULTIDIGITATE 



577 



MUNDIFICANT 



tooth].- A term applied in biology to parts armed 
with many teeth or tooth-like processes. 

multidigitate (mul-te-dij'-it-at) [multi-; digitus, a 
finger]. Having many digits or digitate processes. 

multifetation (mul-tif-e-ta'-shun) [multi-; fetation]. 
Pregnancy with more than two fetuses. 

multifid {muV -tif-id) . Divided into many parts. 

multiflagellate (mul-tif-laj'-el-at) [multi-; ftagellum, 
a whip]. Having many flagella. 

multiform (mul'-tif-orm). Same as polymorphous. 

multiganglionate {mul-te-gang' -le-on-at) [multi-; 
ganglion]. Having many ganglia. 

multiglandular (mul-te-glan'-du-lar) [multi-; glan- 
dula, a gland]. Pertaining to several glands, m. 
secretions, a mixture of secretions from two or more 
glands, such as the saliva. 

multigravida (mul-ti-grav'-id-ah) [multi- ; gravidus, 
pregnant]. A pregnant woman who has passed 
through two or more pregnancies. 

multilobate (mul-te-lo'-bat) [multi-; \o/36s, a lobe]. 
Composed of many lobes. 

multilobular (mul-ti-lob'-u-lar) [multi-; lobule]. 
Many-lobed. 

multilocular (mul-ti-lok'-u-lar) [multi-; loculus, a 
locule or cell]. Many-celled; polycystic. 

multinebuuzer (mul-te-neb'-u-li-zer). A spraying 
device used in treatment of disease of the nose, 
throat, and ear. 

multinuclear (mid-ti-nu'-kle-ar) [multi-; nucleus]. 
Having several or many nuclei. 

multipara (mul-tip'-ar-ah) [multi-; par ere, to bring 
forth], i. A pregnant woman who has already 
borne one or more children. Opposed to primipara. 
It has been customary to designate the number of 
the pregnancy of a multipara by the unpronounceable 
terms H-para, Ill-para, IV-para, etc. More com- 
mendable are the following terms: secundipara, 
tertipara, quartipara, quintipara, sextipara, septemi- 
para, octavipara, nonipara, decimipara, etc., to des- 
ignate respectively a woman in her second, third, 



fourth, etc., pregnancy. 2. A woman bearing several 
offspring at a birth. 

multiparity (mul-tip-ar'-it-e) [multi-; par ere, to 
bring forth]. The condition, state, or fact of being 
multiparous. 

multiparous (jnul-tip'-ar-us) [see multipara]. Hav- 
ing borne several children. 

multiple (mul'-tip-l) [multi-; plicare, to fold]. 
Manifold ; affecting many parts at the same time. 
m. neuritis. See neuritis, multiple, m. pregnancy. 
See pregnancy, multiple, m. sclerosis. See sclerosis, 
multiple. 

multipolar (mul-te-po'-lar) [multi-; polus, a pole]. 
Having more than one pole, as multipolar nerve- 
cells, those having more than one process. 

multivalent {mul-tiv'-al-ent) [multi-; valere, to be 
worth]. In chemistry, combining with more than 
one atom of a univalent element. 

mummification (mum-if-ik-a'-shun) [mummy, from 
Pers., mum, wax; facer e, to make]. The change of a 
part into a hard, dry mass; dry gangrene. 

mummified (mum'-if-id) [mummy ; facer e, to make]. 
Dried, like a mummy, m. pulp, the condition of the 
dental pulp when it is affected by dry gangrene. 

mumps [Du., mompen, to mumble]. An acute 
infectious disease characterized by swelling of the 
parotid and at times of the other salivary glands. 
After a period of incubation of from two to three 
weeks, the disease begins with fever and pain below 
the ear; soon a tense, painful swelling forms in the 
region of the parotid gland, rendering mastication 
and deglutition difficult and painful. In the course 
of a week the swelling subsides without suppuration. 
The most frequent complication is orchitis; in rare 
cases the ovaries are affected. Syn., parotiditis. 

mundificant, mundificative {rnun-dif -ik-ant, mun- 
dif -ik-at-iv) [mundus, clean; facere, to make]. 1. 
Having the power to cleanse, purge, or heal. 2. A 
cleansing or healing agent. 



TABLE OF ENDOCARDIAL MURMURS. 



Time. Point of Maximum 
Intensity. 


Line of Conduction. 


Lesion. 


Quality. 


Systolic. 


Center of mitral area, 
above and to left of 
apex. 


At sixth rib opposite 
apex, a line drawn 
from the anterior 
fold of axilla to 
lower angle of left 
scapula. 


Mitral insuf- 
ficiency or 
incompe- 
tence. 


Variable; usually soft, blow- 
ing; may be distinctly 
musical. 


Systolic. 


Midsternum or to Toward top of ster- 
right of it, opposite num, and along 
third rib or second aorta and its large 
interspace. branches. 


Aortic obstruc- 
tion. 


Usually loud and harsh. 
Harshness is one of its 
distinguishing character- 
istics. 



Diastolic. 



Presystolic. 



Midsternum opposite 
upper border of car- 
tilage of third rib. 



Down sternum to ! Aortic insuf- 
ensiform cartilage. ficiency or 
incompe- 
tence. 



Over mitral area Usually not trans- 



around the apex. 



mitted. 



Mitral ob- 
struction. 



Soft, blowing, sometimes 
rough, frequently musical. 
It has the greatest area of 
diffusion of all the cardiac 
murmurs. 

Generally low-pitched, rough, 
churning, grinding, or blub- 
bering. Subject to great 
variation of pitch and 
quality. 



Systolic. 



Midsternum just 

above the ensiform 
cartilage. 



Toward 
trium. 



the epigas- 



Tricuspid in- 
sufficiency 
or incom- 
petence. 



Low-pitched, superficial, blow- 
ing, soft, faint. 



Presystolic. 



Systolic. 



Midsternum opposite 
the cartilage of 
fourth rib. 



Not transmitted. 



Tricuspid ob- 
struction. 



Undetermined. 



Second interspace to 
the left of sternum 
or at the level of 
third rib. 



Upward a short dis- Pulmonary ob- 
tance and to left of struction. 
sternum, stopping 
abruptly. 



Diastolic. Second left interspace. 



Down left edge of 
sternum to ensi- 
form cartilage. 



Pulmonary in- 
sufficiency 
or incom- 
petence. 



Often harsh and audible over 
the whole precordia; may 
be very faint. 



Soft and blowing. 



20 



MURAL 



578 



MUSCLE 



mural (mu'-ral) [murus, a wall]. Pertaining to 
a wall, as a mural fibroid, m. gestation, m. preg- 
nancy, pregnancy in the uterine extremity of a 
Fallopian tube. 

Murat's symptom (mu-rah'). In tuberculosis, 
vibration of the affected part of the chest, attended 
with a sense of discomfort while speaking. 

Murchison's pill (murlsh'-is-on) [Charles Murchi- 
son, English physician, 1830-1879]. A pill consist- 
ing of digitalis gr.. |, squill gr. i|, and blue massgr. 2. 

murexide {rnu-reks'-id) [murex, the purple-fish]. 
CgHgNeOs+HzO. Ammonium purpurate, a dichroic 
crystalline salt obtained from guano and used as a 
dye. m. test for uric acid, cover the substance or 
the residue on evaporation with nitric acid; evaporate 
to dryness on a water-bath, and when cold, add am- 
monia, when it will turn purple-red. 

muriate (mit'-re-at) [muria, brine]. An old name 
for a chloride. 

muriated (mil'-re-a-ted) [muriate]. Containing 
chlorine or a chloride. 

muriatic (mu-re-at'-ik) [muriate]. Pertaining to 
brine, m. acid See acid, hydrochloric. 

murmur (mer'-mer) [L.]. A blowing or rasping 
sound heard on auscultation. See also under bruit. 
m., accidental, a murmur dependent on an acci- 
dental circumstance, as on compression of an artery 
by the stethoscope, m., anemic. See m., hemic. 
m., aneurysmal, the murmur or bruit heard over an 
aneurysm. Syn., aneurysmal bruit, m., arterial, 
the sound made by the arterial current, m., attri- 
tion, a pericardial murmur, m., blood-. See m., 
hemic, m., cardiac, any adventitious sound heard 
over the region of the heart. In relation to their 
seat of generation, cardiac murmurs are designated 
as mitral, aortic, tricuspid, and pulmonary; according 
to the period of the heart's cycle at which they occur 
they are divided into systolic, those occurring during 
the systole; diastolic, those occurring in diastole; 
presystolic and prediastolic, those occurring just 
before systole and diastole respectively. See table of 
murmurs on page 577- ni., cardiopulmonary, one 
produced by the impact of the heart against the 
lung. m., diastolic, a cardiac murmur occurring 
during the diastole, m., direct, a murmur produced 
by obstruction to the blood-current as it is passing 
in its normal direction, m., Duroziez's, the double 
murmur sometimes heard in the femoral artery in 
aortic regurgitation. m., dynamic, one resulting 
from tumultuous and irregular action of the heart. 
m., endocardial, a murmur produced within the 
cavities of the heart. (See table below.) m., 
exocardial, a murmur connected with the heart, 
but produced outside of its cavities, m., Flint's, 
a murmur sometimes heard at the apex of the heart 
in aortic regurgitation. It is generally presystolic 
in time, and is probably due to the fact that on ac- 
count of the extreme ventricular dilatation the valves 
cannot be forced back against the walls and produce 
a relative narrowing of the auriculoventricular ori- 
fice, m., friction-, a sound produced by the rubbing 
of two inflamed serous surfaces upon each other. 
m., functional, a cardiac murmur occurring from 
excited action of the heart or anemic condition of the 
individual, without any structural change in .the 
valves or orifices, m., hemic, a sound believed to 
be due to changes in the quality or amount of the 
blood and not to lesions of the vessels or valves. It 
is heard especially in anemic conditions, m., in- 
direct, one produced by the blood flowing in a direc- 
tion contrary to the normal current, m., inorganic, 
a murmur not due to valvular lesions; a hemic or a 
functional murmur, m., mitral, one produced at the 
mitral orifice, m., muscular. 1. The sound heard 
on auscultation of a contracting muscle. 2. The 
first sound of the heart, m., musical, a cardiac 
murmur having a musical quality, m., organic, a 
murmur due to structural changes in the heart, m., 
paradox, a systolic murmur prolonged so as to 
appear to be followed by a diastolic murmur, m., 
presystolic, a cardiac murmur occurring just before 
systole, m., regurgitant, one due to the blood flowing 
backward into the ventricle, m., systolic, cardiac 
murmur occurring during the systole, m., vesicular. 
See vesicular, m., venous, m., whiffling, m., whist- 
ling. See bruit de diable. 

Murphy's button (mur'-fe) [John Benjamin 
Murphy, American surgeon, 1857- ]• A mechani- 
cal device for bringing together the visceral surfaces 
of the intestine in intestinal anastomosis. M. drip, 



proctoclysis.! M.'s law. See under jaundice. M.'s 
treatment. 1. Treatment of peritonitis by continu- 
ous low-pressure proctoclysis, the patient being placed 




▲ P 

Murphy's Button 
A. Male half. B. Female half. P. Spring flange. 
s, s. Springs projecting through opening in hollow 
stem. Part of the cap of the male half has been 
cut away at c to show circular spring which acts 
as flange. : &The round holes in the caps are for 
drainage. 

in Fowler's position."^* 2. Treatment of pulmonary 
tuberculosis by causing collapse of the affected lung 
through intrapleural injection of nitrogen. 

murrain (mur'-an) [Fr., from Lat. mori, to die]. 

1. Any fatal disease of cattle and sheep. 2. Foot- 
and-mouth disease, m., bloody, Texas fever. 

mus (mus) [L. pi. mures]. 1. A genus of rodents 
of the family Muridce; it embraces rats and mice. 

2. Any mouse-like formation; e. g., joint-mice. 
mures articulares, mures articulorum. See arthro- 
lith. 

muscas (mus'-ke) [L.]. Plural of musca, a fly. 
m. hispaniolae, cantharides. m. volitantes, floating 
specks in the field of vision due to opacities in the 
media of the eye. 

muscarine {mus'-kar-en), C5H13NO2+H2O. A 
poisonous alkaloid obtained from Agaricus muscarius. 
It causes depression of the action of the heart and 
the respiration, increases the excretions of the 
salivary and lacrimal glands and of the intestine, 
and produces contraction of the pupil, m. nitrate, 
C5H15NO3HNO3. A brown mass used as an antihi- 
drotic and antispasmodic. 

muscegenetic (mus-e-jen-et'-ik) [musca, a fly; 
generare, to produce]. Causing muscae volitantes or 
photopsia. 

muscle (mus'-l) [musculus, a muscle]. A structure 
composed chiefly of muscular tissue and having the 
property of contracting. Muscles are of two kinds, 
the striped, or striated, and the smooth, or unstriated, 
the first being voluntary, the second involuntary, 
*. e., not subject to the will. An alphabetical list of 
muscles is appended, m., antagonistic, one acting 
in opposition to another, m., bicaudate, one that 
has two distinct insertions, m., biventer, one with 
two bellies, m.-bound, said of muscles which have 
become inelastic from oveiuse. m., carpophalangeus, 
one extending from the carpus to a phalanx, m.- 
casket, a muscle-compartment, m.-clot, the clot 
formed in the coagulation of muscle plasma, m.- 
column. See under muscular tissue, m.-compart- 
ment, one of the divisions of a muscle-fiber produced 
by the extension of Krause's membrane from the 
sarcolemmma. m., complex, m., compound, a 
muscle possessing more than one point of origin or 
of insertion or of both, m.s, congenerous, those 
with related action, m.-curve, a myogram, q. v. 
m., cutaneous. 1. Having cutaneous origins and 
insertions. 2. Having cutaneous insertions, m.- 
fiber, the ultimate element of which muscular 
tissue is made up. Voluntary muscles consist of 
transversely striated fibers, involuntary muscles of 
spindle-shaped fibers or cells, m.s, hypaxial, m.s, 
hyposkeletal, those which pass below the vertebral 
axis; in man in front of the bodies of the vertebrae. 
m.-imbalance, lack of muscular balance, as between 
the muslces of the eyes, m.s, internal, involuntary 
muscles, m., involuntary, one not under the control 
of the will, as the nonstriated muscles, m., iso- 
tonic, one that contracts on stimulation, its tension 
remaining the same, m.s, multicipital, those having 
distinctly more than one origin, m., nonstriated, 
one composed of spindle-shaped muscle-fibers. See 



MUSCLE 



579 



MUSCLE 



muscular tissue, m.s, papillary, the muscular emi- 
nences in the ventricles of the heart, from which the 
chordae tendineae arise, m.s, pectinate, the serrated 
muscles, m.-plasma, the fluid portion of the muscle 
tissue. It is neutral or alkaline and spontaneously 
coagulable, and contains myosinogen (the coagulable 
substance), paramyosinogen, myoglobulin, myoal- 
bumoses, and albumin, m.-plate, a segment of 
embryonic mesoderm forming muscles, m., poly- 
cipital. See m.s, multicipital. m.s, polygastric, long 
muscles separated into parts by transverse tendinous 
septa, m.s, postaxial, muscles on the dorsal 
aspect of the limbs, which lie at right angles to the 
spine, m.s, preaxial, muscles on the ventral aspect 
of the limbs, which lie at right angles to the spine. 
m.-rod, one of the ultimate divisions of the dim band 
of a muscle-compartment, m.s, serrated, broad 
muscles with serrated edges by means of which they 
are inserted, m.-serum, the liquid residue after 
coagulation of muscle-plasma, m.s, simple, those 
having a single point of origin and one of insertion. 
m., skeletal, any one of the muscles attached to and 
acting on the skeleton, m., striated, m., striped, a 
muscle constituted of striped muscle-fibers. See 
muscular tissue, m.-sugar. See inosit. m.-tonus, 
the condition of slight but continued contraction 
in a muscle which causes the tension peculiar to 
waking hours, m.s, bicipital, muscles having three 
distinct origins, m., unstriated, m., unstriped. See 
m., nonstriated. m., vestigial, one that is rudi- 
mentary in man but well developed in the lower 
animals, m., voluntary. See m., striated. TABLE 
OF MUSCLES (ARRANGED ALPHABETI- 
CALLY) : abductor digiti quinti. See abductor minimi 
digiti. abductor hallucis, origin, outer head, os calcis, 
plantar fascia, intermuscular septum; inner head, 
internal annular ligament and tendon of tibialis 
posticus; insertion, inner portion of lower surface 
of base of great toe and inner side of internal sesa- 
moid bone; innervation, internal plantar division of 
posterior tibial nerve; it flexes and abducts the first 
phalanx of the great toe. abductor indicis. See 
inter os sei of hand, dorsal, abductor longus pollicis. 
See extensor ossis metacarpi pollicis in this table. 
abductor minimi digiti manus (A. digiti quinti), 
origin, pisiform bone; insertion, first phalanx of little 
fingei; innervation, ulnar; abducts little finger. 
abductor minimi digiti pedis (.4. digiti quinti), origin, 
outer tuberosity of the os calcis and plantar fascia; 
insertion, first phalanx of little toe; innervation, 
external plantar; it abducts the little toe. abductor 
pollicis brevis. See abductor pollicis in this table. 
abductor pollicis longus. See extensor ossis metacarpi 
pollicis in this table, abductor pollicis manus, 
origin, trapezium, scaphoid, annular ligament, pal- 
mar fascia; insertion, first phalanx of thumb; inner- 
vation, median; it abducts and flexes the first phalanx 
of the thumb, abductor pollicis pedis, origin, inner 
tuberosity of os calcis; insertion, fust phalanx of 
great toe; innervation, internal plantar; abducts great 
toe. accelerator urinae, origin, central tendon of 
perineum and median raphe; insertion, bulb, spongy 
and cavernous parts of the penis ; innervation, perineal ; 
it ejects the urine, accessorius ad ilio-costalem, 
origin, upper border of angles of lower six ribs; 
insertion, upper border of angles of upper six ribs and 
back of transverse process of seventh cervical verte- 
bra; innervation, branches of dorsal nerves; it erects 
the spine and bends the trunk backward, adductor 
brevis, origin, ramus of pubes; insertion, upper part 
of the linea aspera of femur; innervation, obturator; 
it adducts, rotates externally, and flexes the thigh. 
adductor hallucis, origin, tarsal ends of the three 
middle metatarsal bones; insertion, base of the first 
phalanx of great toe; innervation, external plantar; 
it adducts the great toe. adductor longus, origin, 
front of pubes; insertion, middle of linea aspera of 
femur; innervation, obturator; it adducts, rotates 
outward, and flexes the thigh, adductor magnus, 
origin, rami of pubes and ischium; insertion, along 
the linea aspera of femur; innervation, obturator and 
great sciatic; it adducts the thigh and rotates it 
outward, adductor minimus, a name given to the 
upper portion of the adductor magnus. adductor 
obliquus hallucis, origin, tarsal end of second, third, 
and fourth metatarsal bones; insertion, base of first 
phalanx of great toe; innervation, external plantar; 
it adducts great toe. adductor obliquus pollicis. 
See adductor pollicis in this table, adductor pollicis, 
origin, third metacarpal; insertion, first phalanx of 



thumb; innervation, ulnar; it draws the thumb to 
median line, adductor transversus hallucis. See 
transversus pedis in this table, adductor transversus 
pollicis. See adductor pollicis in this table, adenoid, 
adenopharyngeal. See thyroadenoideus in this table, 
alares, the pterygoid muscles, anconeus, origin, 
back of external condyle of humerus; insertion, 
olecranon process and shaft of ulna; innervation, 
musculospiral; it extends the forearm, antitragicus, 
origin, outer surface of antitragus; insertion, caudate 
process; innervation, temporal and posterior auricular. 
arrectores pili, origin, pars papillaris of the skin; 
insertion, hair-follicles; innervation, sympathetic; 
they elevate the hairs of the skin, articularis genu. 
See subcrureus in this table, aryepiglotticus. See 
arytenoepiglottideus. arytenoepiglottideus inferior, 
origin, arytenoid (anteriorly); insertion, epiglottis; 
innervation, recurrent laryngeal ;_ it compresses the 
saccule of the larynx, arytenoepiglottideus superior, 
origin, apex of arytenoid cartilage; insertion,' aryteno- 
epiglottidean folds; innervation, recurrent laryn- 
geal; it constricts the aperture of the larynx, aryte- 
noideus, origin, posterior and outer border of one 
arytenoid; insertion, back of other arytenoid; inner- 
vation, superior and recurrent laryngeal; it closes the 
back part of the glottis, attollens aurem, origin, 
occipitofrontalis aponeurosis; insertion, pinna; inner- 
vation, temporal branch of facial; it elevates the 
pinna, attrahens aurem, origin, lateral cranial 
aponeurosis; insertion, helix; innervation, facial; it 
advances the pinna, auricularis anterior. See 
attrahens aurem in this table, auricularis posterior. 
See retrahens aurem in this table, auricularis 
superior. See attollens aurem in this table, azygos 
uvulae, origin, posterior nasal spine of palate bone; 
insertion, uvula; innervation, facial through spheno- 
palatine ganglion; it raises the uvula, biceps brachii, 
origin: i. Long head — glenoid cavity. 2. Short 
head — coracoid process; insertion, tuberosity of 
radius; innervation, musculocutaneous; it flexes 
and supinates the forearm, biceps femoris, origin, 
ischial tuberosity and linea aspera; insertion, head 
of fibula and outer tuberosity of head of fibula; 
innervation, great sciatic and external popliteal; 
it flexes and rotates the leg outward, biceps flexor 
cruris, the biceps femoris. biceps flexor cubiti. 
See biceps brachii in this table, biventer cervicis, 
origin, transverse processes, 2 to 4 upper dorsal; 
innervation, superior curved line of occipital bone. 
It is a portion of the complexus and retracts and 
rotates the head, biventer mandibulae. See di- 
gastric in this table, brachialis anticus, origin, the 
lower half of the shaft of the humerus; insertion, 
coronoid process of ulna; innervation, musculocu- 
taneous.^ musculospiral; it flexes the forearm, bra- 
chiofascialis, a part of the brachialis anticus inserted 
into the fascia of the arm. brachio-radialis, the supin- 
ator longus. Briicke's. See ciliary in this table, buc- 
cinator, origin, alveolar process of maxillary bones and 
pterygomaxillary ligament; insertion, orbicularis oris; 
innervation, buccal branch of facial; it compresses the 
cheeks and retracts the angle of the mouth, bulboca- 
vernosus. See accelerator urines and sphincter vagina? 
in this table, caninus. See levator anguli oris in this-, 
table, cephalopharyngeus. See constrictor of phar- 
ynx, superior, in this table, cervicalis ascendens,. 
origin, angles of five upper ribs; insertion, transverse 
processes of fourth, fifth, and sixth cervical verte- 
bras; innervation, branches of cervical; it keeps the 
head erect, chondrofascialis, a part of the pectoralis- 
major inserted into the fascia of the arm. chondro- 
glossus, origin, base of the lesser cornu of the hyoid 
bone; insertion, tongue; innervation, hypoglossal; 
it depresses and draws down the side of the tongue- 
ciliary (Bowman's muscle), origin: 1. Longitudinal 
portion (Briicke's muscle): junction of cornea and 
sclera; 2. Circular portion (Mueller's muscle): the 
fibers form a circle; insertion: 1. Outer layers of 
choroid. 2. Ciliary processes; innervation, ciliary; 
it is the muscle of visual accommodation, cleido- 
mastoideus, the dorsal part of the sternodeidomastoid. 
cleidooccipital, an anomalous muscle arising from the 
clavicle externally to the sternomastoid and inserted 
into the superior curved line of the occipital bone, 
coccygeus, origin, ischial spine; insertion, coccyx, 
sacrum, and sacrococcygeal ligament; innervation, 
sacral; it supports the coccyx and closes the pelvic 
outlet. Coiter's muscle, the corrugator supercilii. 
complexus, origin, transverse processes seventh cer- 
vical and six upper dorsal, and articular processes of 



MUSCLE 



580 



MUSCLE 



third to sixth cervical vertebrae; insertion, occipital 
bone; innervation, suboccipital, great occipital, and 
branches of cervical; it retracts and rotates the head. 
compressor narium, origin, nasal aponeurosis ; insertion, 
fellow muscle and canine fossa; innervation, facial; 
it compresses the nostril, compressor narium minor, 
origin, alar cartilage; insertion, skin at end of nose; 
innervation, facial; it dilates the nostril, compressor 
sacculi laryngis, origin, fibers of the arytenoepiglot- 
tideus; innervation, recurrent laryngeal; it is the 
compressor of the laryngeal saccule, compressor 
urethrae, origin, ramus of pubes; insertion, fellow 
muscle; innervation, perineal; it compresses the 
membranous urethra, compressor vaginae, the 
analogue of the two bulbocavernosi of the male; 
innervation, perineal; it compresses the vagina. 
compressor venae dorsalis penis, origin, fibers of 
the ischiocavernosus; insertion, fascial sheath of the 
penis, over the dorsal vessels; it is the compressor 
of the dorsal vein, constrictor of pharynx (inferior), 
origin, cricoid and thyroid cartilages; insertion, 
pharyngeal raphe; innervation, glossopharyngeal, 
pharyngeal plexus, and external laryngeal; it con- 
tracts the caliber of the pharynx, constrictor of 
pharynx (middle), origin, cornua of hyoid bone and 
stylohyoid ligament; insertion, pharyngeal raphe; 
innervation, glossopharyngeal and pharyngeal plexus; 
it contracts the caliber of the pharynx, constrictor 
of pharynx (superior), origin, internal pteryogid plate, 
pterygomaxillary ligament, jaw, and side of tongue; 
insertion, pharyngeal raphe; innervation, glosso- 
pharyngeal and pharyngeal plexus; it contracts the 
caliber of the pharynx, constrictor urethrae. See 
compressor urethra in this table, coracobrachial, 
origin, coracoid process of scapula; insertion, inner 
surface of shaft of humerus; innervation, musculo- 
cutaneous; it adducts and flexes the arm. coraco- 
cervicalis, an anomalous muscle arising from the 
coracoid process and passing upward and forward to 
be lost in the cervical fascia. Syn., Krause 's muscle. 
coracohumeral. See coracobrachialis. coracohyoid, 
the omohyoid muscle, coracopectoralis, the pec- 
toralis minor, coracoradialis. i. The short head of 
the biceps. 2. The biceps muscle, coracoulnaris, 
the part of the biceps which has its point of insertion 
in the fascia of the forearm near the ulna, corrugator 
cutis ani, origin, submucous tissue on interior of 
anus; insertion, subcutaneous tissue on opposite side 
of anus; innervation, sympathetic; it corrugates the 
skin about the anus, corrugator supercilii, origin, 
superciliary ridge of frontal bone; insertion, orbicu- 
laris palpebrarum ; innervation, facial; it draws the 
eyebrow downward and inward, costoabdominal, 
the obliquus externus. costocoracoid, the pectoralis 
minor, costohyoideus, the omohyoid muscle, cre- 
master, origin, upper and deep surface of middle of 
Poupart's ligament; insertion, spine and crest of 
pubic bone and fascia propria; innervation, genital 
branch of genitocrural; it elevates the testicle, 
cricoarytenoideus lateralis, origin, side of cricoid 
cartilage; insertion, angle and external surface of 
arytenoid; innervation, recurrent laryngeal; it closes 
the glottis. cricoarytenoideus posticus, origin, 
back of cricoid cartilage; insertion, base of arytenoid 
cartilage; innervation, recurrent laryngeal; it opens 
the glottis, cricothyroid, origin, cricoid cartilage; 
insertion, thyroid cartilage (lower inner border); 
innervation, superior laryngeal; it makes the vocal 
bands tense, crureus. See vastus intermedins in 
this table, cucullaris. See trapezius in his table, 
deltoid, origin, clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapu- 
la; insertion, shaft of humerus; innervation, circum- 
flex; it abducts the humerus, depressor alae nasi, 
origin, incisive fossa of superior maxillary bone; 
insertion, septum and ala of nose; innervation, facial: 
buccal branch; it contracts the nostril, depressor 
anguli oris, origin, external oblique line of inferior 
maxillary bone; insertion, angle of mouth; innervation, 
facial: supramaxillary branch; it depresses the angle 
of the mouth, depressor epiglottidis, those fibers of 
the thyroepiglottideus that are continued forward 
to the margin of the epiglottis, depressor labii 
inferioris, origin, external oblique line of the inferior 
maxillary bone; insertion, lower lip; innervation, 
facial: supramaxillary branch; it depresses the lip. 
depressor septi. See depressor ala nasi, in this table. 
depressor urethrae, origin, ramus of ischium near 
deep transversus perinei; insertion, fibers of con- 
strictor vaginae muscle, detrusor urinae, origin, 
front of pubis; insertion, prostate (in male), vagina 



(in female) -^innervation, sympathetic; it compresses 
bladder, diaphragm, origin, ensiform cartilage, six 
or seven lower ribs, ligamenta arcuata, bodies of 
lumbar vertebrae; insertion, central tendon; inner- 
vation, phrenic and sympathetic ; function, respiration, 
digastric (anterior belly), origin, inner surface of 
inferior maxillary bone, near symphysis; insertion, 
hyoid bone; innervation, inferior dental; it elevates 
the hyoid bone and the tongue, digastric (posterior 
belly), origin, digastric groove of mastoid process; 
insertion, hyoid bone; innervation, facial; it elevates 
the hyoid bone and the tongue, dilator naris an- 
terioris, origin, alar cartilage; insertion, border of 
ala of nose; innervation, facial: infraorbital branch; 
dilates the nostril, dilator pupillae, origin, circum- 
ference of iris; insertion, margin of pupil; innervation, 
long ciliary (sympathetic); it dilates the pupil. 
dilator naris posterioris, origin, nasal notch of 
superior maxillary bone; insertion, skin at margin of 
nostril; innervation, facial: infraorbital branch; 
dilates the nostril, dorsal interossei (4), origin, 
sides of metacarpal bones; insertion, bases of corre- 
sponding phalanges; innervation, ulnar; abduct the 
fingers from the median line, dorsal interossei (4), 
origin, sides of metatarsal bones; insertion, base of 
first phalanx of corresponding toe; innervation, 
external plantar; abduct the toes, dorsiscapularis, 
the rhomboideus major and rhomboid eus minor 
regarded as one. elevator, the levator muscles. 
epicranius. -See occipitofrontal in this table. 
erector clitoridis, origin, tuberosity of ischium; 
insertion, each side of crus of clitoris; it erects the 
clitoris, erector penis, origin, ischial tuberosity, 
crus penis, and pubic ramus; insertion, tunica albu- 
ginea of corpus cavernosum; innervation, perineal; 
junction, to maintain erection, erector pili. See 
arrectores pili in this table, erector spinas, origin, 
iliac crest, back of sacrum, lumbar and three lower 
dorsal spines; insertim, divides into sacrolumbal, 
longissimus dorsi, and spinalis dorsi; innervation, 
lumbar nerves, posterior division; function, extension 
of lumbar spjnes on, pelvis. Eustachian, the laxator 
tympani. extensor brevis digitorum (pedis), origin, 
os calcis, externally; insertion, first phalanx of great 
toe and tendons of extensor longus; innervation, 
anterior tibial; it extends the toes, extensor brevis 
hallucis, a name applied to that portion of the 
extensor brevis digitorum that goes to the great toe. 
extensor brevis pollicis. See extensor primi inler- 
nodii pollicis in this table, extensor carpi radialis 
brevior, origin, external condyloid ridge of humerus; 
insertion, base of second and third metacarpal; 
innervation, posterior interosseous; it extends the 
wrist, extensor carpi radialis longior, origin, lower 
one-third of external condyloid ridge of humerus; 
insertion, base of second metacarpal; innervation, 
musculospiral ; it extends the wrist, extensor carpi 
ulnaris, origin: first head, external condyle of humerus; 
second head, posterior border of ulna; insertion, base 
of fifth metacarpal; innervation, posterior interosse- 
ous; it extends the wrist, extensor coccygis, origin, 
last bone of sacrum or first of coccyx; insertion, 
lower part of coccyx; innervation, sacral branches; 
it extends the coccyx, extensor communis digi- 
torum, origin, external condyle of humerus; insertion, 
all of the second and third phalanges; innervation, 
posterior interosseous ; # it extends the fingers, ex- 
tensor digitorum brevis. See extensor brevis digi- 
torum in this table, extensor digiti quinti proprius. 
See extensor minimi digiti in this table extensor 
digitorum longits. See extensor longus digitorum in 
this table, extensor hallucis longus. See extensor 
proprius hallucis in this table, extensor indicis, 
origin, back of ulna; insertion, second and third 
phalanges of index-finger; innervation, posterior 
interosseous; it extends the index-finger, extensor 
longus digitorum pedis, origin, outer tuberosity of 
tibia and shaft of fibula; insertion, second and third 
phalanges of toes; innervation, anterior tibial; it 
extends the toes, extensor longus pollicis. See 
extensor secundi internodii pollicis in this table. 
extensor minimi digiti, origin, external condyle of 
humerus; insertion, second and third phalanges of 
little finger; innervation, posterior interosseous; it 
extends the little finger, extensor ossis metacarpi 
pollicis, origin, back of radius and ulna and inter- 
osseous membrane; insertion, base of metacarpal of 
thumb and fascia; innervation, posterior interosseous] 
it extends the thumb, extensor ossis metatarsi 
hallucis (anomalous), origin, extensor proprius hal- 



MUSCLE 



581 



MUSCLE 



lucis, or extensor communis digitorum, or tibialis 
anticus; insertion, metatarsal bone of hallux, ex- 
tensor pollicis brevis. See extensor primi internodii 
pollicis in this table, extensor pollicis longus. See 
extensor longus pollicis in this table, extensor primi 
internodii pollicis, origin, back of radius; insertion, 
base of first phalanx of thumb; innervation, posterior 
interosseous; it extends the thumb. extensor 
proprius hallucis, origin, middle of fibula; insertion, 
base of last phalanx of great toe; innervation, anterior 
tibial; it extends the great toe. extensor proprius 
minimi digiti, origin, lower part of ulna or posterior 
ligament of wrist-joint: insertion, base of first phalanx 
of little finger; it extends the little finger, extensor 
secundi internodii pollicis, origin, back of ulna; 
insertion, base of last phalanx of thumb; innervation, 
posterior interosseous; it extends the thumb, ex- 
tensor, ulnocarpal, the extensor carpi ulnaris. ex- 
trarectus. i. The pyriformis. 2. The rectus ex- 
ternus muscle of the eye. Fallopian, the pyramidalis. 
fascialis. See tensor vagina femoris in this table. 
flexor accessorius digitorum (of foot) {two heads), 
origin, inner and outer surface of os calcis; insertion, 
tendon of flexor longus digitorum; innervation, 
external plantar; it is the accessory flexor of toes, 
flexor accessorius longus digitorum (of foot), origin, 
shaft of tibia or fibula; insertion, tubercle of os calcis, 
and joins tendon of long flexor; innervation, external 
plantar; it assists in flexing the toes, flexor brevis 
digitorum (of foot), origin, inner tuberosity of os 
calcis and plantar fascia; insertion, second phalanges 
of the lesser toes; innervation, internal plantar; it 
flexes the lesser toes, flexor brevis hallucis, origin, 
under surface of cuboid, plantar ligaments, and ex- 
ternal cuneiform; insertion, base of first phalanx of 
great toe; innervation, internal plantar; it flexes and 
slightly adducts the first phalanx of the great toe. 
flexor brevis minimi digiti (of foot), origin, base of 
fifth metatarsal; insertion, base of first phalanx of 
little toe; innervation, external plantar; it flexes the 
little toe. flexor brevis minimi digiti (of hand), 
origin, unciform bone and annular ligament; insertion, 
first phalanx of little finger; innervation, ulnar; it 
flexes the little finger, flexor brevis pollicis (of foot). 
See flexor brevis hallucis in this table, flexor brevis 
pollicis (of hand) {two heads), origin — outer: lower 
border of anterior annular ligament; ridge of trape- 
zium; inner: os magnum and bases of first, second, 
and third metacarpal bones; insertion, base of first 
phalanx of thumb; innervation, outer head — median: 
palmar branch; inner head — deep ulnar; it flexes the 
metacarpal bone of the thumb, flexor carpi radialis, 
origin, internal condyle of humerus; insertion, meta- 
carpal bone of index- finger; innervation, median; it 
flexes the wrist, flexor carpi ulnaris {two heads), 
origin: 1. Internal condyle. 2. Olecranon and ulna; 
insertion, fifth metacarpal, annular ligament, and 
pisiform bone; innervation, ulnar; it flexes the wrist. 
flexor digiti quinti brevis. See flexor brevis minimi 
digiti in this table, flexor digitorum brevis. See 
flexor brevis digitorum in this table, flexor digitorum 
longus. See flexor longus digitorum in this table. 
flexor digitorum profundus. See flexor profundus 
digitorum in this table, flexor digitorum sublimis. 
See flexor sublimis digitorum in this table, flexor 
hallucis brevis. See flexor brevis hallucis in this 
table, flexor hallucis longus. See flexor longus 
hallucis in this table, flexor indicis, the name given 
to the indicial portion of the flexor profundus digi- 
torum when it is distinct, flexor longus digitorum 
(of foot), origin, shaft of tibia; insertion, last pha- 
langes of toes; innervation, posterior tibial; it flexes 
the phalanges and extends the ankle, flexor longus 
hallucis, origin, dower two-thirds of shaft of fibula; 
insertion, last phalanx of great toe; innervation, 
posterior tibial; it flexes the great toe. flexor longus 
pollicis, origin, shaft of radius and coronoid process 
of ulna; insertion, last phalanx of thumb; innervation, 
anterior interosseous; it flexes the thumb, flexor 
ossis metacarpi pollicis. See opponens pollicis in 
this table, flexor pollicis brevis. See flexor brevis 
Pollicis in this table, flexor pollicis longus. See 
flexor longus pollicis in this table, flexor profundus 
digitorum, origin, shaft of ulna; insertion, last pha- 
langes by four tendons; innervation, ulnar and 
anterior interosseous; it flexes the phalanges, flexor 
sublimis digitorum {three heads), origin: 1. Inner 
condyle. 2. Coronoid process. 3. Oblique line of 
radius; insertion, second phalanges by four tendons; 
innervation, median; it flexes the second phalanges. 



gastrocnemius {two heads), origin, condyles of femur; 
insertion, os calcis by tendo Achillis; innervation, 
internal popliteal; it extends the foot, gemellus 
inferior, origin, tuberosity of ischium and lesser 
sacrosciatic notch; insertion, great trochanter; inner- 
vation, sacral; function, external rotator of the 
thigh, gemellus superior, origin, ischial spine and 
lesser sacrosciatic notch; insertion, great trochanter; 
innervation, sacral; function, external rotator of the 
thigh, geminous, geminus, gemelli, gemini, the 
combined gemellus inferior and gemellus superior. 
genioglossus. See geniohyoglossus in this table, 
geniohyoglossus, origin, superior genial tubercle of 
inferior maxillary bone; insertion, hyoid and inferior 
surface of tongue; innervation, hypoglossal; it retracts 
and protrudes the tongue, geniohyoid, origin, 
inferior genial tubercle of inferior maxillary bone; 
insertion, body of hyoid; innervation, hypoglossal; 
it elevates and advances the hyoid. glossopalatinus, 
a small muscle constricting the action of the fauces 
and composing the major part of the anterior pillar. 
gluteoperineal, an anomalous branch of the super- 
ficial transverse perineal muscle which originates 
from the fascia covering the gluteus maximus. 
gluteus maximus, origin, superior curved iliac line 
and crest, sacrum, and coccyx; insertion, fascia and 
femur below great trochanter; innervation, inferior 
gluteal and sacral plexus; it extends, abducts, and 
rotates the thigh outward, gluteus medius, origin, 
ilium between superior and middle curved lines; 
insertion, oblique line of great trochanter; innervation, 
superior gluteal; it rotates, abducts, and advances 
the thigh, gluteus minimus, origin, ilium between 
middle and inferior curved lines: insertion, great tro- 
chanter; innervation, superior gluteal; it rotates, ab- 
ducts, and draws the thigh forward, gracilis, origin, 
rami of pubes and ischium; insertion, tibia, upper and 
inner part; innervation, obturator; it flexes and ab- 
ducts the leg. gubernaculum testis. See cremaster 
in this table. Guthrie's. See compressor urethra in 
this table, helicis major et minor, origin, tubercle 
on helix; insertion, rim of helix near summit; inner- 
vation, auriculotemporal and posterior auricular. 
Hilton's. See compressor sacculi laryngis in this 
table, hippicus, the tibialis anticus. Horner's. 
See ciliary and tensor tarsi in this table, hyoglossus, 
origin, cornua of hyoid bone; insertion, side of tongue; 
innervation, hypoglossal; it depresses the side of the 
tongue and retracts it. iliacus, origin, iliac fossa and 
crest, base of sacrum; insertion, lesser trochanter, 
upper part of shaft of femur; innervation, anterior 
crural; it flexes and rotates the thigh outward. 
iliacus externus, the pyriformis. iliocostal. See 
sacrolumbalis in this table, iliocostalis lumborum. 
See sacrolumbalis in this table, iliocostalis cervicis. 
See cervicalis ascendens in this table, iliocostalis 
dorsi. See accessorius ad iliocostalem in this table. 
iliocostalis lumborum. See sacrolumbalis in this 
table, iliolumbalis, the quadratus lumborum. ilio- 
psoas, the iliacus and psoas muscles considered as 
one. infracostals (10), origin, inner surface of ribs; 
insertion, inner surface of two or three ribs above; 
innervation, intercostal; function, expiration, by 
depressing the ribs, infraoblique. See obliquus 
capitis inferior in this table, infraspinatus, origin, 
infraspinous fossa; insertion, great tuberosity of 
humerus; innervation, suprascapular; it rotates the 
humerus outward, interaccessory, short lumbar 
muscles connecting the > accessory processes of the 
vertebrae, interarytenoid, origin, one arytenoid 
cartilage; insertion, the other arytenoid cartilage; 
innervation, recurrent laryngeal; function, approxi- 
mates arytenoid cartilages, intercostals, external 
(11), origin, outer lip of inferior costal border; 
insertion, superior border of ribs above; innervation, 
intercostal; they raise the ribs in inspiration, inter- 
costals, internal (n), origin, inner lip of inferior 
costal border; insertion, superior border of rib 
below; innervation, intercostal; they depress the ribs 
in expiration, internal pleuricostals. See inter- 
costals, internal, in this table, interossei of foot, 
dorsal (4), origin, adjacent surfaces of metatarsal 
bones; insertion, bases of first phalanges; innervation, 
external plantar; they abduct from the middle line 
of the second toe. interossei of foot, plantar (3), 
origin, inner lower surface of three outer metatarsal 
bones; insertion, bases of first phalanges of three 
outer toes; innervation, external plantar; they adduct 
the outer three toes, interossei of hand, dorsal (4), 
origin, five metacarpal bones; insertion, sides of 



MUSCLE 



582 



MUSCLE 



aponeurosis of extensor communis and adjacent 
parts of first phalanges; innervation, ulnar; they 
abduct the index, middle, and ring fingers, and aid 
in flexing the first phalanges and extending the second 
and third, interossei of hand, palmar (3), origin, 
sides of metacarpal bones; insertion, aponeurosis of 
extensor tendons, adjacent part of first phalanges; 
innervation, ulnar; they abduct the index, ring, and 
little fingers, and aid in flexing the first phalanges and 
in extending the second and third, interspinales, 
origin, upper surface of spines of vertebrae, near tip; 
insertion, posterior part of lower surface of spine 
above; innervation, internal divisions of posterior 
branches of spinal nerves; they extend the vertebrae 
next above, intertransversales or inter transversarii, 
origin, between transverse processes of contiguous 
vertebrae; innervation, spinal nerves; they flex the 
spinal column laterally, ischiocavernosus. See erec- 
tor penis and erector clitoridis in this table. Jarja- 
vay's. _ See depressor urethra in this table, kera- 
tocricoid. See cricothyroid in this table, kerato- 
glossus, those fibers of the hyoglossus that arise 
from the greater cornu of the hyoid bone, latissimus 
colli. See platysma myoides in this table, latissimus 
dorsi, origin, spines of six lower dorsal and lumbar 
and sacral vertebrae, crest of ilium, and three or four 
lower ribs; insertion, bicipital groove of humerus; 
innervation, long subscapular; it draws the arm 
backward and downward and rotates it inward. 
laxator tympani, origin, spinous process of sphenoid 
bone and Eustachian tube; insertion, neck of malleus; 
innervation, facial; it relaxes the membrana tympani. 
levator anguli oris, origin, canine fossa of superior 
maxillary bone; insertion, angle of mouth; innervation, 
infraorbital branch of facial; it elevates the angle of 
the mouth, levator anguli scapulae, origin, trans- 
verse processes of four upper cervical vertebrae; 
insertion, posterior border of scapula; innervation, 
fifth cervical and cervical plexus ; it elevates the upper 
angle of the scapula, levator ani, origin, posterior 
portion of body and ramus of pubes, pelvic fascia, 
ischial spine; insertion, rectum, occcyx, and fibrous 
raphe; innervation, sacral and perineal; supports the 
rectum and vagina, levator labii inferioris, origin, 
incisive fossa of inferior maxillary bone; insertion, 
skin of lower lip; innervation, supramaxillary branch 
of facial; it elevates the lower lip. levator labii 
superioris, origin, lower margin of orbit; insertion, 
upper lip; innervation, infraorbital branch of facial; 
it elevates the upper lip. levator labii superioris 
alseque nasi, origin, nasal process of superior maxillary 
bone; insertion, alar cartilage and upper lip; inner- 
vation, infraorbital branch of facial; it elevates the 
upper lip and dilates the nostril, levator menti. 
See levator labii inferioris in this table, levator 
palati, origin, petrous portion of temporal bone; 
insertion, soft palate; innervation, sphenopalatine 
ganglion (facial) ; it elevates the soft palate, levator 
palpebrae superioris, origin, lesser wing of sphenoid; 
insertion, upper tarsal cartilage; innervation, third 
cranial; it lifts the upper lid. levator scapulae. See 
levator anguli scapula in this table, levator veli 
palatini. See levator palati in this table, levatores 
costarum (12), origin, transverse processes of last 
cervical and dorsal vertebrae; insertion, each to the 
rib below; innervation, intercostal; they raise the 
ribs, lingualis, origin, under surface of tongue; 
innervation, chorda tympani and hypoglossal; it 
elevates the middle of the tongue, lingualis superior, 
a band of fibers extending from base to apex of the 
upper surface of the tongue, longer straight, the 
rectus capitis posticus major, longissimus capitis. 
See _ trachelomastoid in this table, longissimus 
cervicis. See transversalis colli in this table, longis- 
simus dorsi, origin, erector spinse; insertion, trans- 
verse processes of lumbar and dorsal vertebrae and 
seventh to eleventh ribs; innervation, branches of 
lumbar and dorsal; it erects the spine and bends the 
trunk backward, longus capitis. See rectus capitis 
anticus major in this table, longus colli. 1. Superior 
oblique portion. 2. Inferior oblique portion. 3. 
Vertical portion. Origin: 1. Transverse processes 
third to fifth cervical vertebra?. 2. Bodies of first 
to third dorsal vertebrae. 3. Bodies of three dorsal 
and two cervical vertebrae. Insertion: 1. Anterior 
tubercle of atlas. 2. Transverse processes fifth and 
sixth cervical vertebrae. 3. Bodies of second to 
fourth cervical vertebrae. Innervation, lower cervi- 
cal. It flexes the cervical vertebrae, lumbo- 
femoralis, the psoas magnus. lumboiliacus, the 



psoas parvus, lumbricales (4) (of foot), origin, 
tendons of flexor longus digitorum; insertion, first 
phalanges of the lesser toes; innervation, internal and 
external plantar; they are accessory flexors, lumbri- 
cales (4) (of hand), origin, tendons of flexor profundus 
digitorum; insertion, tendons of common extensor; 
innervation, median and ulnar; they flex the first 
phalanges, malaris, a part of the orbicularis palpe- 
brarum originating in the inner inferior margin of the 
orbit and adjacent part of the dorsum of the nose and 
uniting partly with the zygomaticus major, mal- 
ledius, the tensor tympani. masseter, origin, zygo- 
matic arch; insertion, angle and ramus of jaw; inner- 
vation, inferior maxillary; it is the muscle of masti- 
cation, mastoideus anterior, mastoideus colli, the 
sterno mastoid, mastoideus lateralis, the trachelo- 
mastoid. mentalis. See levator labii inferioris in 
this table, midriff. See diaphragm in this table. 
Mueller's. See ciliary in this table. Mueller's 
(orbital), origin, connected with the orbital peri- 
osteum; it crosses the sphenomaxillary fissure; 
innervation, sympathetic. Mueller's (superior palpe- 
bral), origin, connected with the levator palpebrae 
superioris; insertion, along the upper border of the 
tarsus; innervation, sympathetic; it assists in raising 
the upper lid. multifidus spinse, origin, sacrum, iliac 
spine, articular processes of lumbar and cervical 
vertebrae, and transverse processes of dorsal and 
seventh cervical; insertion, laminae and spines from 
last lumbar to second cervical vertebra; innervation, 
posterir spinal branches; it erects and rotates the 
spinal column, musculus accessorius ad sacro- 
lumbalem, origin, angles of six lower ribs; insertion, 
angles of six upper ribs; innervation, branches of 
dorsal; it erects the spine and bends the trunk back- 
ward, mylohyoid, origin, mylohyoid ridge of in- 
ferior maxillary bone; insertion, body of hyoid and 
raphe; innervation, inferior dental; it elevates and 
advances the hyoid bone, nasalis, a name suggested 
for the pyramidalis nasi, a part of the levator labii 
superioris and the outer portion of the depressor 
alae nasi, nasolabialis, origin, nasal septum; inser- 
tion, upper lip; innervation, facial; it connects the 
upper lip with the septum of the nose, nasotrans- 
versalis, the compressor narium. nauticus, the tibi- 
alis posticus, obliquus auris or auriculae, origin, 
concha of ear; insertion, fossa of anthelix; innervation, 
temporal and posterior auricular, obliquus capitis 
inferior, origin, spinous process of axis; insertion, 
transverse process of atlas; innervation, suboccipital 
and great occipital; it rotates the atlas and the 
cranium, obliquus capitis superior, origin, trans- 
verse process of atlas; insertion, occipital bone; inner- 
vation, suboccipital and great occipital; it draws the 
head backward, obliquus externus abdominis, 
origin, eight lower ribs; insertion, middle line, iliac 
crest, Poupart's ligament; innervation, intercostal, 
iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal; it compresses the viscera 
and flexes the thorax, obliquus inferior, origin, 
orbital plate of superior maxillary bone; insertion, 
sclerotic; innervation, third cranial; it rotates the 
eyeball upward and outward, obliquus internus 
abdominis, origin, lumbar fascia, iliac crest, Poupart's 
ligament; insertion, three lower ribs, linea alba, pubic 
crest, pectineal line; innervation, intercostal, iliohypo- 
gastric, ilioinguinal; it compresses the viscera, flexes 
the thorax, and assists in expiration, obliquus su- 
perior, origin, above optic foramen, through pulley; 
insertion, sclerotic; innervation", fourth cranial; it 
rotates the eyeball downward and inward, obturator 
externus, origin, obturator foramen and membrane; 
insertion, digital fossa at base of great trochanter; 
innervation, obturator; function, external rotator of 
the thigh, obturator internus, origin, obturator 
foramen and membrane; insertion, great trochanter; 
innervation, sacral; function, external rotator of thigh, 
occipitalis. See occipitofrontalis in this table, occi- 
pitofrontalis, origin, superior curved line of occiput 
and angular process of frontal bone; insertion, 
aponeurosis; innervation, posterior auricular, small 
occipital, facial; it moves the scalp, omohyoid, 
origin, upper border of scapula; insertion, body of 
hyoid bone; innervation, descendens and communicans 
noni; it depresses and retracts the hyoid bone, 
opisthenar, the erector spinae. opponens digiti 
quinti. See opponens minimi digiti in this table, 
opponens minimi digiti, origin, unciform bone; in- 
sertion, fifth metacarpal; innervation, ulnar; it flexes 
the little finger, opponens pollicis, origin, trapezium, 
anterior annular ligament; insertion, metacarpal bone 



MUSCLE 



583 



MUSCLE 



of thumb; innervation, median, palmar division; it 
ilexes the thumb, orbicularis oculi. See orbicularis 
palpebrarum in this table, orbicularis oris, origin, 
nasal septum and canine fossa of inferior maxilla, 
by accessory fibers; insertion, forms lips and sphincter 
of mouth; innervation, buccal and supramaxillary 
branches of facial; it closes the mouth, orbicularis 
palpebrarum, origin, mesal margin of orbit; insertion, 
lateral margin of orbit; innervation, facial; it closes the 
eyelids, orbitalis. See Muellers muscle in this 
table, palatoglossus, origin, soft palate; insertion, 
side and dorsum of tongue; innervation, sphenopala- 
tine ganglion; it constricts the fauces, palato- 
pharyngeus, origin, soft palate; insertion, thyroid 
cartilage and pharynx; innervation, sphenopalatine 
ganglion; it closes the posterior nares. palmaris 
brevis, origin, annular ligament and palmar fascia; 
insertion, skin of palm of hand; innervation, ulnar; 
It corrugates the skin of the palm, palmaris inter- 
ossei (3), origin, palmar surfaces second, fourth, 
and fifth metacarpal bones; insertion, bases of first 
phalanges of corresponding fingers; innervation, ulnar; 
adduct the fingers, palmaris longus, origin, internal 
condyle of humerus; insertion, annular ligament and 
palmar fascia; innervation, median; it renders the 
palmar fascia tense, palpebral, the orbicularis 
palpebrarum, pectineus, origin, iliopectineal line 
and pubes; insertion, femur below lesser trochanter; 
innervation, anterior crural, obturator; it flexes and 
rotates the thigh outward, pectoralis major, origin, 
clavicle, sternum, and costal cartilages; insertion, 
•external bicipital ridge of humerus; innervation, 
anterior thoracic, external and internal; it draws the 
arm downward and forward, pectoralis minor, 
origin, third, fourth, and fifth ribs; insertion, coracoid 
process; innervation, anterior thoracic; it depresses 
the point of the shoulder, pericardiothyroideus, a 
band of fibers extending from the isthmus of the 
thyroid gland to the anterior surface of the fibrous 
layer of the pericardium, peristaphylinus externus, 
the abductor of the Eustachian tube, a muscle arising 
from the lower surface of the sphenoid bone and from 
the membranous part of the cartilaginous portion of 
the Eustachian tube; it is inserted into the hamular 
process of the pterygoid bone, peristaphylinus 
internus, the levator palati. peroneus brevis, origin, 
middle third of shaft of fibula, externally; insertion, 
base of fifth metatarsal bone; innervation, musculo- 
cutaneous; it extends the foot, peroneus longus, 
origin, head and shaft of fibula; insertion, first 
metatarsal of great toe; innervation, musculocutane- 
ous; it extends and everts the foot, peroneus 
tertius, origin, lower fourth of fibula; insertion, fifth 
metatarsal bone; innervation, anterior tibial; it flexes 
the tarsus, pharyngopalatinus. See palatopharyn- 
geus in this table, plantaris, origin, outer bifurcation 
of linea aspera and posterior ligament of knee-joint; 
insertion, os calcis by means of the tendo Achillis; 
innervation, internal popliteal; it extends the foot. 
plantaris interossei (3), origin, shafts of third, 
fourth, and fifth metatarsal bones; insertion, bases of 
first phalanges of corresponding toes; innervation, 
■external plantar; adduct the toes, platysma myoides, 
origin, clavicle, acromion, and fascia; insertion, 
inferior maxillary bone, angle of mouth; innerva- 
tion, facial and superficial cervical ; it wrinkles the 
skin and depresses the mouth, popliteus, origin, 
external condyle of femur; insertion, shaft of tibia 
above oblique line: innervation, internal popliteal; 
it flexes the leg. procerus. See pyramidalis nasi 
in this table, prodigus, the supinator longus. 
pronator quadratus, origin, lower fourth of ulna; 
insertion, lower fourth of shaft of radius; innervation, 
anterior interosseous; it pronates the hand, pro- 
nator radii teres, origin, internal condyle of humerus 
and coronoid process of ulna; insertion, outer side 
of shaft of radius; innervation, median; it pronates 
the hand, psoas magnus or major, origin, bodies 
and transverse processes of last dorsal and all lumbar 
vertebrae; insertion, lesser trochanter; innervation, 
lumbar; it flexes and rotates the thigh outward, and 
flexes the trunk on the pelvis, psoas parvus or 
minor, origin, bodies of last dorsal and first lumbar 
vertebras; insertion, iliopectineal eminence and iliac 
fascia; innervation, lumbar; it flexes the pelvis upon 
the abdomen, pterygoid (external), origin, two 
heads: 1, external pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone; 
2, great wing of sphenoid bone; insertion, neck of 
condyle of lower jaw; innervation, inferior maxillary; 
it draws the inferior maxillary bone forward, ptery- 



goid (internal), origin, pterygoid fossa of sphenoid 
bone; insertion, inner surface of angle of jaw; inner- 
vation, inferior maxillary; it raises and draws the 
inferior maxilla forward, pterygopalatal, pterygo- 
palatine, the portion of the levator palati passing 
from the hamular process of the sphenoid bone to 
the palate bone, pubovesical, a bundle of muscular 
fibers taking origin in the back of the pubes and 
extending with the anterior true ligament of the 
bladder to lose itself in the superficial muscular layer 
of the bladder, pyloric. See sphincter pyloricus in 
this table, pyramidalis, origin, pubes; insertion, 
linea alba; innervation, iliohypogastric; it renders the 
linea alba tense, pyramidalis nasi, origin, occipito- 
frontalis; insertion, compressor naris; innervation, 
infraorbital branch of facial; it depresses the inner 
angle of the eyebrow, pyriformis, origin, front of 
sacrum, through great sciatic foramen; insertion, 
great trochanter; innervation, branch of sacral plexus; 
function, external rotator of thigh, quadratus 
femoris, origin, tuberosity of the ischium; insertion, 
quadrate line of femur; innervation, fifth lumbar and 
first sacral; function, external rotator of thigh. 
quadratus labii inferioris. See depressor labii in- 
ferioris in this table, quadratus labii superioris. 
The levator labii superioris, levator labii alaeque nasi, 
and zygomaticus minor combined, quadratus lum- 
borum, origin, crest of ilium, transverse processes of 
lower three lumbar vertebrae; insertion, last rib, 
transverse processes of upper three lumbar vertebrae; 
innervation, twelfth thoracic and upper lumbar; it 
flexes the thorax laterally, quadratus plantae. See 
flexor accessorius digitorum in this table, quadriceps 
extensor femoris, includes the rectus, vastus internus 
and externus, and crureus muscles; their common 
tendon surrounds the patella, rectus abdominis, 
origin, pubic crest and fibrous tissues in front of 
symphysis; insertion, cartilages of the ribs, from the 
fifth to the seventh; innervation, intercostal, ilio- 
hypogastric, ilioinguinal; it compresses the viscera 
and flexes the thorax, rectus capitis anticus (or 
anterior) major, origin, transverse processes third 
to sixth cervical vertebrae; insertion, basilar process 
of occipital bone; innervation, first and second cervi- 
cal; it flexes the head and slightly rotates it. rectus 
capitis anticus (or anterior) minor, origin, transverse 
process and lateral mass of atlas; insertion, basilar 
process of occipital bone; innervation, first cervical; 
it flexes the head, rectus capitis lateralis, origin, 
ventral cephalic surface of lateral mass of atlas: 
insertion, jugular process of occipital bone; inner- 
vation, first cervical ; it flexes the head laterally. 
rectus capitis posticus (or posterior) major, origin, 
spine of axis; insertion, inferior curved line of oc- 
cipital bone; innervation, suboccipital and great 
occipital; it rotates the head, rectus capitis posticus 
(or posterior) minor, origin, dorsal arch of atlas; 
insertion, below inferior curved line of occipital 
bone; innervation, suboccipital and great occipital; 
it draws the head backward, rectus externus, origin, 
two heads, outer margin of optic foramen: insertion, 
sclera; innervation, sixth cranial; it rotates the eyeball 
outward, rectus femoris, origin, anterior inferior 
iliac spine, brim of acetabulum; insertion, proximal 
border of patella; innervation, anterior crural: it ex- 
tends the leg. rectus inferior, origin, lower margin 
of optic foramen; insertion, sclera; innervation, third 
cranial; it rotates the eyeball downward, rectus 
internus, origin, inner margin of optic foramen; 
insertion, sclera; innervation, third cranial; it rotates 
the eyeball inward, rectus lateralis. See rectus 
externus in this table, rectus medialis. See rectus 
internus in this table, rectus superior, origin, upper 
margin of optic foramen; insertion, sclera; innervation, 
third cranial; it rotates the eyeball upward, retra- 
hens aurem, origin, mastoid process; insertion, 
concha; innervation, posterior auricular; it retracts 
the pinna, rhomboatloideus, an anomalous muscle 
arising from the spinous processes of the lower 
cervical or upper dorsal vertebrae; it is inserted into 
the transverse process of the atlas, rhomboideus 
major, origin, spines of first five thoracic vertebrae; 
insertion, root of spine of scapula; innervation, fifth 
cervical; it elevates and retracts the scapula, rhom- 
boideus minor, origin, spines of seventh cervical and 
first dorsal vertebrae; insertion, root of spine of 
scapula; innervation, fifth cervical; it retracts and 
elevates the scapula, risorius, origin, fascia over 
masseter; insertion, angle of mouth; innervation, 
buccal branch of facial; it draws the angle laterally. 



MUSCLE 



584 



MUSCLE 



rotatores spina?, origin, transverse processes of from 
second to twelfth thoracic vertebra; insertion, 
lamina of next vertebra above; innervation, dorsal 
branches of spinal; they rotate the spinal column, 
sacrolumbalis, origin, erector spina?; insertion, angle 
of six lower ribs; innervation, branches of dorsal; 
it erects the spine and bends the trunk backward. 
sacrospinalis, the erector spina?, salpingopharyn- 
geus, a small muscle arising from the Eustachian tube 
and descending to blend with the constrictors of the 
pharynx. Santorini's. i. The risorius. 2. The in- 
voluntary muscular fibers encircling the urethra 
beneath the constrictor urethra?. Syn., Santorini's 
circular muscle, sartorius, origin, anterior superior 
spine of ilium; insertion, upper internal portion of 
shaft of tibia; innervation, anterior crural; it flexes 
the leg upon the thigh and the thigh upon the pelvis; 
it rotates the thigh outward, scalenus anticus, or 
anterior, origin, scalene tubercle on first rib; insertion, 
transverse processes third to sixth cervical vertebra?; 
innervation, lower cervical; it flexes the neck laterally. 
scalenus lateralis, an anomalous muscle originating 
in the dorsal tubercles of the transverse processes of 
the fourth, fifth, and sixth cervical vertebra?, and 
having its point of insertion with the scalenus medius. 
scalenus medius, origin, first rib; insertion, trans- 
verse processes of six lower cervical vertebra?; 
innervation, lower cervical; it flexes the neck laterally. 
scalenus posticus, or posterior, origin, second rib; 
insertion, transverse processes of three lower cervical 
vertebra*; innervation, lower cervical; it bends the 
neck laterally, semimembranosus, origin, tuber- 
osity of ischium; insertion, inner tuberosity of tibia; 
innervation, great sciatic; it flexes the leg and rotates 
it inward, semispinalis capitis. See complexus in 
this table, semispinalis colli, or cervicis, origin, 
transverse processes of four upper dorsal and articular 
processes of four lower cervical vertebra?; insertion, 
spines of second to fifth cervical vertebra?; inner- 
vation, cervical branches; it erects the spinal column. 
semispinalis dorsi, origin, transverse processes of 
sixth to tenth dorsal vertebra?; insertion, spines of 
last two cervical and first four thoracic vertebra?; 
innervation, branches of dorsal; it erects the spinal 
column, semitendinosus, origin, tuberosity of 
ischium; insertion, upper and inner surfaces of 
tibia; innervation, great sciatic; it flexes the leg 
on the thigh, serratus magnus or anterior, origin, 
eight upper ribs; insertion, inner margin of dorsal 
border of scapula; innervation, . posterior thoracic; 
it elevates the ribs in inspiration, serratus posticus 
(or posterior) inferior, origin, spines of last two thor- 
acic and first three lumbar vertebra?; insertion, four 
lower ribs; innervation, tenth and eleventh intercostal; 
it depresses the ribs in expiration, serratus posticus 
(or posterior) superior, origin, spines of seventh 
cervical and first two thoracic vertebra?; insertion, 
second, third, fourth, and fifth ribs; innervation, 
second and third intercostal; it raises the ribs in 
inspiration, soleus, origin, shaft of fibula, oblique 
line of tibia; insertion, os calcis by tendo Achillis; 
innervation, internal popliteal and posterior tibial; 
it extends the foot, sphincter ani (external), origin, 
tip of coccyx; insertion, tendinous center of perineum; 
innervation, perineal, pudic, and fourth sacral; it 
closes the anus, sphincter ani (internal), a thicken- 
ing of the circular fibers of the intestine an inch above 
the anus; innervation, hemorrhoidal nerves; it con- 
stricts the rectum, sphincter antri pylorici, a band 
of circular fibers distant from the pyloric orifice of 
the stomach about 10 cm.; also called the transverse 
band, sphincter pupilla?, involuntary fibers of the 
iris arranged circularly around the pupil and having 
a width of about 0.08 cm. sphincter pyloricus, the 
aggregation of the fibers of the circular coat at the 
pyloric orifice of the stomach, sphincter urethras 
membranacea?, the anterior fibers of the compressor 
urethra, q. v. sphincter vagina?, origin, central ten- 
don of perineum; insertion, corpora cavernosa and 
clitoris; the homologue of the accelerator urina? in 
the man. sphincter vesica?, the aggregation of the 
fibers of the circular layer of the muscular coat, 
about the neck of the bladder and the beginning 
of the urethra, sphincter vesica? internus, origin, 
near the urethral orifice of the bladder; innervation, 
vesical nerves; it constricts the internal orifice of the 
urethra, spinalis. Same as spinalis dorsi in this 
table, spinalis cervicis {normal, but inconstant), 
origin, spines of fifth, sixth, and seventh cervical and 
first two thoracic vertebra?; insertion, spine of 



axis, sometimes spines of third and fourth cervical 
vertebra?, spinalis colli, origin, spines of fifth and 
sixth cervical vertebra?; insertion, spine of axis, or 
third and fourth cervical spines; innervation, cervi- 
cal branches; it steadies the neck, spinalis dorsi, 
origin, last two thoracic and first two lumbar spines; 
insertion, remaining thoracic spines; innervation, 
dorsal branches ; it erects the spinal column, splenius 
accessorius. See rhomboatloideus in this table. 
splenius capitis, origin, lower two-thirds of liga- 
mentum nucha?, spines of seventh cervical and first 
two thoracic vertebra?; insertion, outer third of middle 
oblique line of occiput and outer surface of mastoid 
process; innervation, middle cervical, posterior branch- 
es; it extends the head and neck and rotates and 
flexes laterally, splenius colli or cervicis, origin, 
spines of third to sixth thoracic vertebra?; insertion, 
dorsal tubercles of transverse processes of upper 
three or four cervical vertebra?; innervation, posterior 
divisions of lower. cervical; it extends, flexes laterally, 
and rotates the neck, square. See quadratus 
lumborum in this table, stapedius, origin, interior 
of pyramid; insertion, . neck of stapes; innervation, 
facial; it depresses the base of the stapes, sterno- 
cleidomastoid. See sternomastoid in this table. 
sternomastoid, origin, two heads, sternum and 
clavicle; insertion, mastoid process and outer half of 
superior oblique line of occiput; innervation, spinal 
accessory and cervical plexus; it depresses and rotates 
the head, sternocostal, sternocostalis. See tri- 
angularis sterni in this table, sternohumeral. See 
pectoralis major in this table, sternohyoid, origin, 
sternum and clavicle; insertion, hyoid bone; innerva- 
tion,- descending and communicating branches of the 
hypoglossal; it depresses the hyoid bone, sterno- 
mastoid. See sternomastoid in this table, sterno- 
thyroid, origin, sternum and cartilage of first rib; 
insertion, side of thyroid cartilage; innervation, 
descend ens and communicans hypoglossi; it depresses 
the larynx, styloglossus, origin, styloid process; 
insertion, side of tongue; innervation, hypoglossal; 
it elevates and retracts the tongue, stylohyoid, 
origin, styloid process; insertion, body of hyoid; 
innervation, facial ; it- draws the hyoid upward and 
backward, stylopharyngeus, origin, styloid process; 
insertion, thyroid cartilage; innervation, glosso- 
pharyngeal and pharyngeal plexus; it elevates the 
pharynx, subanconeus, origin, humerus above 
olecranon fossa; insertion, posterior ligament of elbow; 
innervation, musculospiral; function, tensor of liga- 
ment, subclavius, origin, cartilage of first rib; inser- 
tion, inferior surface of clavicle; innervation, fifth 
and sixth cervical; it draws the clavicle downward. 
subcostals. See infracostals in this table, sub- 
crureus, origin, anterior distal part of femur; insertion, 
synovial sac behind patella; innervation, anterior 
crural; it draws up the synovial sac. subscapularis, 
origin, under surface of scapula; insertion, humerus, 
lesser tuberosity and shaft; innervation, subscapular; 
it is the chief internal rotator of the humerus, supi- 
nator. See supinator radii brevis in this table. 
supinator longus, origin, external condyloid ridge of 
humerus; insertion, styloid process of radius; inner- 
vation, musculospiral; it flexes and supinates the 
forearm, supinator radii brevis, origin, external 
condyle of humerus, oblique line of ulna; insertion, 
neck of radius and its bicipital tuberosity ; innervation, 
posterior interosseous; it supinates the hand, supra- 
spinales, lie on spinous processes in cervical region. 
supraspinatus, origin, supraspinous fossa; insertion, 
great tuberosity of humerus; innervation, supra- 
scapular; supports the shoulder-joint and raises the 
arm. tailors'. See sartorius in this table, tem- 
poral, origin, temporal fossa and fascia; insertion, 
coronoid process of mandible; innervation, inferior 
maxillary; it elevates the mandible, tensor fascia? 
lata?. See tensor vagina femoris in this table, tensor 
palati, origin, scaphoid fossa and alar spine of 
sphenoid; insertion, soft palate; winds about hamular 
process; innervation, otic ganglion; it renders the 
palate tense, tensor tarsi, origin, crest of lacrimal 
bone; insertion, tarsal cartilages; innervation, infra- 
orbital branch of facial; it compresses the puncta 
and lacrimal sac. tensor tympani, origin, temporal 
bone, Eustachian tube and canal, sphenoid bone; 
insertion, handle of malleus; innervation, otic ganglion; 
it renders tense the membrana tympani. tensor 
vagina? femoris, origin, iliac crest and anterior 
superior spinous process; insertion, fascia lata; in- 
nervation, superior gluteal; function, tensor of fascia 



MUSCLE 



585 



MUSCULOCUTANEOUS 



lata, tensor veli palatini. See tensor palati in this 
table, teres major, origin, inferior angle of scapula; 
insertion, internal bicipital ridge of humerus; inner- 
vation, subscapular; it draws the arm downward and 
backward, teres minor, origin, axillary border of 
scapula;i nsertion, great tuberosity of humerus; in- 
nervation, circumflex; it rotates the humerus out- 
ward and adducts it. thenar, the abductor and 
flexor muscles of the thumb, thyroadenoideus, 
a fascicle of the inferior constrictor of the pharynx 
having its point of insertion on the side of the thyroid 
gland, thyropalatinus. See palatopharyngeus in 
this table, thyroarytenoideus, origin, thyroid carti- 
lage and cricothyroid membrane; insertion, arytenoid, 
inferior and anterior surface; innervation, recurrent 
laryngeal; it relaxes the vocal bands, thyroepi- 
glottideus, origin, inner surface of thyroid cartilage; 
insertion, epiglottis and arytenoepiglottidean fold; 
innervation, recurrent laryngeal; it depresses the 
epiglottis, thyrohyoid, origin, side of thyroid carti- 
lage; insertion, body and greater cornu of hyoid bone; 
innervation, hypoglossal; it elevates the larynx. 
tibialis anticus, or anterior, origin, outer tuberosity 
and upper part of shaft of tibia; insertion, internal 
cuneiform and first metatarsal bone; innervation, 
anterior tibial; it flexes the tarsus and elevates the 
inner border of the foot, tibialis posticus, or pos- 
terior, origin, shaft of fibula and tibia, interosseous 
membrane; insertion, tuberosity of scaphoid, internal 
cuneiform, and bases of second to fourth metatarsal; 
innervation, posterior tibial; it extends the tarsus 
and inverts the foot, trachelomastoid, origin, 
transverse processes of third to sixth thoracic, and 
articular processes of last three or four cervical 
vertebrae; insertion, mastoid process; innervation, 
branches of cervical; it steadies the head, tragicus, 
origin, tragus; insertion, tragus; innervation, temporal 
and posterior auricular, transversalis (or transver- 
sus) abdominis, origin, Poupart's ligament, iliac 
crest, six lower ribs, lumbar vertebrae; insertion, linea 
alba, pubic crest, pectineal line; innervation, inter- 
costal, iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal; it compresses 
the viscera and flexes the thorax, transversalis 
cervicis, or colli, origin, transverse processes of 
third to sixth thoracic vertebrae; insertion, trans- 
verse processes of five lower cervical vertebrae; 
innervation, cervical branches; it keeps the neck 
erect, transversus abdominis. See transversalis 
abdominis in this table, transversus auris, or 
auriculae, origin, convexity of concha; insertion, 
convexity over groove of helix; innervation, temporal 
and posterior auricular; it retracts the helix, trans- 
versus pedis, origin, head of fifth metatarsal and 
plantar ligaments of metatarsophalangeal joints; 
insertion, first phalanx of great toe; innervation, 
external plantar; it adducts the great toe. trans- 
versus perinei, origin, ramus of ischium; insertion, 
central tendon; innervation, perineal; function, tensor 
of central tendon, transversus perinei, deep. See 
compressor urethra in this table, transversus thor- 
acis. See triangularis sterni in this table, trapezius, 
origin, superior curved line of occipital bone, spinous 
processes of last cervical and all the dorsal vertebrae; 
insertion, clavicle, spine of scapula, and acromion; 
innervation, spinal accessory and cervical plexus; 
it draws the head backward, triangularis. See 
depressor anguli oris in this table, triangularis sterni, 
origin, ensiform cartilage, costal cartilages of three 
or four lower true ribs, and sternum; insertion, 
border of inner surfaces of second, third, fourth, and 
fifth costal cartilages; innervation, intercostal; func- 
tion, expiration, triceps brachii {three heads), origin, 
external and internal near musculospiral groove, shaft 
of humerus; middle or long, lower margin of glenoid 
cavity; insertion, olecranon process of ulna; inner- 
vation, musculospiral; it extends the forearm, triceps 
sural, triceps surae, the gastrocnemius and soleus 
considered as one. triticeoglossus. See Bochdalek' s 
muscle, trochlear, trochlearis. See obliquus superior 
in this table, of the ureters, musculi ureterum, a 
bundle of thin fibers from the urinary bladder running 
between the openings of the ureters, urethrobulbar, 
the accelerator urin3e. uvulae. See azygos uvula in 
this table, varolii. See stapedius . in this table. 
vastus externus or lateralis, origin, anterior border 
of great trochanter and linea aspera of femur; inser- 
tion, tuberosity of tibia; innervation, anterior crural; 
it extends the leg. vastus internus or medialis, 
origin, inner lip of linea aspera of femur; insertion, 
tuberosity of tibia; innervation, anterior crural; it 



extends the leg. Wilson's, a non-constant fasciculus 
of the compressor urethrae which is attached to the 
body of the pubis, near the symphysis. Zaglas' 
perpendicular external, the vertical fibers of the 
tongue, which, decussating with the transverse 
fibers and the insertions of the geniohyoglossus, 
curve outward in each half of the tongue, zygo- 
maticus major et minor, origin, malar bone; insertion, 
angle of mouth; innervation, infraorbital branch 
of facial; draw the upper lip upward and outward. 

rnusculamin {mus-ku-la'-min). A nitrogenous 
base from muscular tissue. 

muscular (mus'-ku-lar) [muscle], i. Pertaining 
to or affecting muscles. 2. Having well-developed 
muscles, m. anesthesia, a lack of the muscular 
sense, m. reflex, a deep or tendon reflex, m. 
rheumatism, rheumatism affecting the muscles. 
m. sense, the sense of motion, weight, and position 
upon which the adjustment of the body to its sur- 
roundings depends, m. system, the muscles of the 
body taken together, m. tissue, the tissue of which 
muscles are composed; it is of two principal vari- 
eties — the striped, striated, or voluntary, and the 
unstriped, nonstriated, or involuntary muscular tissue. 
The striped muscular tissue is composed of muscle- 
fibers, the unstriped of elongated, spindle-shaped 
cells. A muscle-fiber consists of sarcolemma, muscle- 
nuclei, and muscle-substance. The sarcolemma is 
an elastic, homogeneous, connective-tissue sheath 
which lightly invests the muscle-fiber. The nuclei 
are fusiform in shape, are situated immediately 
beneath the sarcolemma, and run parallel with the 
axis of the fiber. The muscle-fiber itself consists of 
two substances — a dark, doubly refracting, or aniso- 
tropic contractile substance, and a lighter, semifluid, 
isotropic substance termed sarcoplasm. The con- 
tractile substance consists of delicate spindles, the 
apposition of the thicker portions of which produces 
the dark transverse disc. The spindles terminate in 
minute beads, the juxtaposition of which gives rise to 
the intermediate disc or membrane of Krause. The 
neutral sarcoplasm fills out the spaces left between 
the spindles, and, as ordinarily the tapering ends of 
the spindles are too delicate to be seen, the space 
between the intermediate and transverse discs — the 
lateral disc — looks homogeneous. The contractile 
fibrils into which the contractile substance is divided, 
formed by the end-to-end union of the spindles, are 
aggregated into bundles — the muscle-columns — sur- 
rounded by a layer of sarcolemma. On transverse 
section these muscle-columns give rise to the appear- 
ance known as Cohnheim's fields. The muscle- 
fibers are held together by delicate areolar tissue — 
the endomysium. Several grouped together form a 
primary bundle, which is surrounded by a sheath 
termed the perimysium. Fasciculi are aggregations 
of primary bundles, and are the units of which the 
complete muscle is composed, the latter being sur- 
rounded by the epimysium. m.-tone. See muscle- 
tonus, m. tumor. See myoma. 

muscularis mucosae (mus-ku-la'-ris mu-ko'-se). 
The layer of unstriped muscular tissue separating the 
mucosa (of mucous membranes) from the submu- 
cosa. 

muscularity (mus-ku-lar'-it-e) [musculus, a muscle]. 
1. The quality of being muscular. 2. The contractile 
power or tone of a muscle. 

musculation (mus-ku-la' -shun) [muscle]. The mus- 
cular endowment of the body or a part; also, the 
action of the muscles. 

musculature (mus'-kil-la-tur) [muscle], Th? mus- 
cular system of the body, or a part of it. 

musculi (mus'-ku-li) [L.]. Plural of musculus, a 
muscle, m. papillares, certain muscular pillars 
within the cardiac ventricles, m. pectinati [pecten, 
a comb], small, muscular columns traversing the 
inner surface of the appendix auriculae and the 
adjoining portion of the wall of the auricle. 

musculin (mus' -ku-lin) [muscle]. 1. Extract of 
muscle tissue. See organotherapy. 2. See paramyo- 
sinogen. 

musculo- (mus-ku-lo-) [muscle]. A prefix signi- 
fying relating to the muscles. 

musculoaponeurotic (mus-ku-lo-ap-on-u-rot'-ik) . 
Composed of muscle and of fibrous connective tissue 
in the form of a membrane. 

musculocutaneous {mus-ku-lo-ku-ta'-ne-us) [muscu- 
lo-; cutaneous]. Pertaining to or supplying the 
muscles and skin, as the musculocutaneous nerve of 
the arm or leg. 



MUSCULODERMIC 



586 



MYCETISM 



musculodermic {mus-ku-lo-derm'-ik). See musculo- 
cutaneous. 

musculoelastic {mus-ku-lo-e-las'-tik). Muscular 
and elastic; made up of muscular and elastic tissue. 

musculointestinal {mus-ku-lo-in-tes' -iin-al) . Re- 
lating to the muscles and the intestine. 

musculomembranous {mus-ku-lo-mem' -bran-us) 
[musculo-; membranous]. Pertaining to or consisting 
of both muscles and membrane. 

musculophrenic {mus-ku-lo-fren'-ik) [musculo-; 
<j>p-hv, diaphragm]. Pertaining to or supplying the 
muscles and the diaphragm, as the musculophrenic 
nerve. 

musculospinal {mus-ku-lo-spi' -nal) . Relating to 
or distributed to the muscles and spine. 

musculospiral (mus-ku-lo-spi' -ral). i. Supplying 
muscles and having a spiral course. 2. Pertaining to 
the musculospiral nerve, m. groove, a depression 
of the posterior surface of the humerus, running down- 
ward and outward, and transmitting the musculo- 
spiral nerve and superior profunda artery. 

musculotegumentary {mus-ku-lo-teg-u-men' -ta-re) . 
Affecting both muscles and integument. 

musculotonic {mus-ku-lo-ton' -ik) [musculo-; tovos, 
tone]. Relating to the tone or contractility of a 
muscle. 

musculous {mus' -ku-lus) . Composed of or con- 
taining muscular fibers. 

musculus {mus' -ku-lus). See muscle. 

muscus (mus'-kus) [L.]. Moss; lichen. 

mush. A thick porridge, or boiled pudding, 
usually of maize meal, used as an article of diet, and 
also as a poultice. 

mushroom {mush' -room). 1. See agaric and fungus. 
2. To flatten-out or "upset" upon striking; said of an 
expansive bullet. 

musicians' cramp. See cramp, professional. 

musicomania {mu-zik-o-ma' -ne-ah). Monomania 
for, or insane devotion to, music. 

musicotherapy {mii-zik-o-ther'-ap-e). The use of 
music in the treatment of disease, chiefly mental and 
nervous diseases, and in convalescence. 

musin (mu'-sin). A proprietary cathartic said to 
be made from tamarinds. 

musk. The dried secretions from the preputial 
follicles of Moschus moschiferus, a mammal of the 
order of Ruminantia. Musk (moschus, U. S. P.) 
occurs in grains or lumps, possessing a peculiar, 
penetrating odor. Its composition is complex, and 
among its constituents are ammonia, stearin, olein, 
cholesterin, a volatile oil, gelatin, albumin, and 
certain salts. It is stimulant and antispasmodic, 
and is used in typhoid fever and other low fevers, 
in adynamic pneumonia, in laryngismus stridulus, 
and in hiccup. Dose 10 gr. <o.6s Gm.). m., arti- 
ficial, trinitrobutyltoluene, CeH . CH 3 . C4H9 . (NOV) 3. 
Dose 10 gr. (0.65 Gm.). m., vegetable, the seeds of 
Hibiscus abelmoschus; it is stimulant, stomachic, 
and antispasmodic. 

musomania {mu-zo-ma' -ne-ah) . See musicomania. 

mussanine (mus'-an-en). An alkaloid resembling 
saponin, from the bark of Albizzia anthelmintica, a 
species of acacia. Syn., moussenin. 

Musset's sign (moos-sa') [Alfred de Mussel, French 
poet, 1810-1857, who presented the phenomenon]. 
Rhythmic movements of the head synchronous with 
the radial pulse, observed in persons with an aortic 
affection; it is considered a pathognomonic sign of an 
affection of the circulatory system. 

(de) Mussey's point, (de) M.'s symptom {moos' -se). 
A point intensely painful on pressure at the intersec- 
tion of a line continuous with the left border of the 
sternum and of another forming a prolongation of 
the tenth rib. It is noted in diaphragmatic pleurisy. 
Syn.-, Bouton diaphragmatique. 

mussitation {mus-it-a' -shun) [mussitare, to mutter]. 
Movement of the lips without the production of 
articulate speech. 

must [mustum, new wine]. The juice freshly 
expressed from grapes. 

mustard (mus'-tard) [ME., mustarde]. 1. A plant 
of the genus Brassica {Sinapis), of the natural order 
Cruciferce. 2. The seed of the mustard-plant. The 
seeds of two species are chiefly employed, those of 
Brassica nigra, yielding black mustard, or sinapis nigra 
(U. S. P.), and those of Brassica alba, yielding white 
mustard, or sinapis alba (U. S. P.). The seeds con- 
tain a fixed oil consisting of the glycerol-compounds 
of stearic, oleic, and erucic or brassic acid, and of 
sinapoleic and behenic acids, sinalbin (in white 



mustard), and a volatile oil (in black mustard). 
Mustard is used in dyspepsia, as an emetic (dose 1-2 
dr. — 4-8 Cc), as a rubefacient and counter-irritant, 
especially in the form of mustard-plaster, and in 
baths, m., flour of, black and white mustard seeds 
mixed and pulverized, m., oil of, volatile {oleum 
sinapis volatile, U. S. P.), contains allyl isosulphocy- 
anide, the active principle, which does not exist pre- 
formed in the seeds, but is produced by the decom- 
position of potassium myronate, or sinigrin, under the 
influence of a ferment, myrosin. Dose i min. (0.008 
Cc). m.-paper {charta sinapis, U. S. P.), is used 
locally, m.-plaster, is made by mixing mustard 
and flour with water, m.-poultice {cataplasma 
sinapis, B. P.), is made by mixing mustard, linseed- 
meal, and water. 

mutacism {mu'-tas-izm) [nvTa.KiaiJ.6s, fondness for 
the letter ti]. The too frequent use of the "m" 
sound, and its substitution for other sounds. 

mutase {mu'-tas). A food-preparation rich in 
proteins, made from leguminous plants. It is used 
in gastrointestinal diseases. Dose 1 dessertspoonful 
(10 Cc.) several times daily with food. 

mutation (mu-ta'-shun) [mutare, to change]. 1. 
Change. 2. In obstetrics, a pronounced change in 
the presentation of the fetus. 3. A sudden variation 
which oversteps the limits of species and produces 
new species or sports. 

mute {milt) [mutus, dumb]. Dumb; unable to use 
articulate speech. 

mutilation {mu-til-a' -shun) [mutilare, to cut]. 1. 
The act of maiming or disfiguring. 2. The state 
thereby produced. 3- The condition of the parts 
remaining after the excision or amputation of a 
member or part. 

mutism (mu'-tizm) [mutus, dumb]. Dumbness. 
See mutitas. m., hysterical, obstinate and voluntary 
silence although the vocal organs are uninjured and 
there is no visible lesion of the cerebral speech- 
centers. 

mutitas {mu'-tit-as) [mutus, mute]. Dumbness. 
m. atonica, dumbness arising from disorder of the 
nerves of the tongue, m. organica, that from loss 
of the tongue, m. pathematica, dumbness caused by 
fright or passion, m. spasmodica, spasmodic dumb- 
ness, m. surdorum, dumbness consequent upon 
congenital deafness. 

mutualism {mu' -tu-al-izm) [mutuus, reciprocal]. 
The living together of two organisms of different 
species, for the advantage that each derives from the 
other. Syn., symbiosis. 

mutualist {mu'-tu-al-ist) [mutuus, reciprocal]. 
An organism living with another in a state of mutu- 
alism. 

muzzle {muz' -I). The projecting jaws and nose 
of an animal ; a snout. 

muzzling {muz' -ling). Same as infibulation. 

my. Abbreviation for myopia. 

myalgia {mi-aV -je-ah) [purs, muscle; a\yos, pain]. 
Pain in the muscles; muscular rheumatism. 

myalgic {mi-al'-jik) [p.vs, muscle; 0X705, pain]. 
Pertaining to or affected with myalgia. 

myameba {mi-am-e' -bah) [fj.vs, muscle; amoeba, 
a unicellular organism]. A muscle-cell regarded as 
an organism. Cf. neurameba, osteameba. 

myasis {mi-a'-sis). See myiasis. 

myasthenia {mi-as-the' -ne-ah) [tivs, muscle; asthenia]. 
Muscular debility, m. gravis pseudoparalytica, a 
disease characterized by an abnormal exhaustibility 
of the voluntary muscles, manifesting itself in a rapid 
diminution of contractility both when the muscle is 
innervated by the will and when stimulated by the 
electric current. 

myasthenic {mi-as-then' -ik). Characterized by 
myasthenia. 

myatonia {mi-ah-to' -ne-ah) [jtDs, muscle; d, priv.; 
rovos, tone]. Absence of muscular tone. 

mycele {mi-sel'). Same as mycelium. 

mycelial {mi-se' -le-al) [(ivkijs, fungus; 17X05, nail, 
wart]. Pertaining to mycelium. 

mycelioid {mi-se' -le-oid) [mycelium; elSos, like]. 
Like molds; said of colonies of bacteria having the 
appearance of mold colonies. 

mycelium {mi-se' -le-um) fes, fungus; 17X0$, nail; 
wart; excrescence]. The vegetative filaments of 
fungi, usually forming interwoven masses. 

mycetes {mi-se'-tez) [hvktis, fungus]. The fungi. 

mycethemia {mi-se-the' -me-ah) . See mycohemia. 

mycetism {mi'-set-izm) [jivKtjs, fungus]. Mush- 
room-poisoning. 



MYCETOGENESIS 



587 



MYELENCEPHALIC 



mycetogenesis (mi-set-o-jen'-es-is) hvktis, fungus; 
ykveais, genesis]. Development of fungi. 

mycetogenetic (mi-set-o-jen-et'-ik) [mycetogenesis]. 
Produced or caused by the growth of fungi. 

mycetogenous (mi-set-oj'-en-us). Same as myceto- 
genetic. 

mycetoid (mi'-set-oid) [hvktjs, fungus; etios, like]. 
Resembling a fungus. 

mycetology (mi-set-ol'-o-je) [fivKrjs, a fungus; 
X670S, science]. Same as mycology. 

mycetoma (mi-set-o'-mah) . See Madura-foot. 
Mycetozoa (mi-set-o-zo'-ah) \jivkt]s, fungus; $$ov, 
animal]. A group of fungus-like saprophytic 
organisms, the slime-fungi or slime-molds. 

mycetozoic (mi-set-o-zo'-ik) [nw-qs, fungus; f4>op, 
animal]. Of the nature of a slime-fungus or myce- 
tozoon. 

Mycetozoon (mi-set-o-zo'-on) \jivkt)s, fungus; Zqov, 
animal). Any organism belonging to the class 
Mycetozoa. 

mychmus, mychthismus (mik'-mus, mik-thiz' -mus) 
\jivfav, to moan]. Sighing. 

myco- (mi-ko-) [hvktis, fungus]. A prefix meaning 
r. fungus or fungoid; or 2. mucus. 

mycoangioneurosis (mi-ko-an-je-o-nu-ro' -sis) [/xfcos, 
mucus; ayyeloi', vessel; neurosis], A neurosis accom- 
panied by a hypersecretion of mucus producing the 
affection mucous colitis. 

Mycobacterium "(mi-ko-bak-te'-re-um) [myco- ; bac- 
terium], A genus of bacteria of the family Myco- 
bacteriacece ; the cells are commonly short, cylindrical, 
sometimes bent and irregularly swollen, clavate or 
cuneate; Y-shaped forms may appear or longer 
filaments with true branching, or short coccoid ele- 
ments which may be regarded as gonidia. 
mycocyte (mi'-ko-sit). See mucocyte. 
mycoderm (mi'-ko-derm) [myco-; 8epp.a, skin]. 
The mucous membrane. 

Mycoderma (mi-ko-der'-mah) [myco-; Sepua, skin]. 
A genus of fungi forming membranes upon or in 
fermenting liquids. M. aceti, the microorganism of 
acetous fermentation. 

mycodermatitis (mi-ko-der-mat-i'-tis) . Inflamma- 
tion of a mucous membrane; catarrh. 

mycogastritis (mi-ko-gas-tri'-tis) [p.vkos, mucus; 
yao-rrip, stomach; ins, inflammation]. Catarrhal 
gastritis. 

mycography (mi-kog'-ra-fe). Synonym of mycology. 
rnycohemia, mycohaemia (mi-ko-hem'-e-ah) [myco-; 
alua, blood]. A condition in which fungi are in the 
blood. 

mycoid (mi'-koid) [myco-; elSos, form]. Re- 
sembling, or appearing like, a fungus; fungoid. 

mycology (mi-kol'-o-je) [myco-; X670S, science]. 
The science of fungi. 

mycomycetes (mi-ko-mi-se'-tez) [/j.vkt)s, fungus]. 
Fungi reproducing by oospores or zygospores. 

mycomyringitis (mi-ko-mi-rin-ji'-tis) [myco-; my- 
ringitis]. Fungous inflammation of the ear-drum. 

Myconostoc (mi-kon-os'-tok) [myco-; Nostoc]. A 
genus of schizomycetes. 

mycophthalmia (mi-koff-thal'-me-ah) [myco-; oph- 
thalmia]. Ophthalmia due to a fungus. 

mycopbylaxin {mi-ko-fil-aks' -in) [mwojs, a fungus; 
<£i>Xo£, a protector]. Any phylaxin that destroys 
microorganisms. See phylaxin. 

mycoprotein (mi-ko-pro'-te-in) [myco-; protein, 
from irpaiTos, first]. The albuminoid substance ob- 
tained from the bodies of bacteria. 
mycopus. See mucopus. 

mycose (mi'-kos) [jxvk V s, fungus], O2H22O11 +2H2O. 
Trehalose, a substance that occurs in several species 
of fungi, in ergot of rye, and in the oriental Trehala. 
It is distinguished from cane-sugar by its readv solu- 
bility in alcohol, greater stability, and stronger 
rotatory power. It does not reduce copper-solutions. 
mycosis (mi-ko'-sis) [jjlvk^s, fungus]. 1. A growth 
of fungi within the body. 2. A disease caused by 
the presence of microorganisms in the body. m. 
cutis chronica. Seefurunculus orientalis. m. favosa, 
favus, q. v. m., fungoides, an affection of the skin 
characterized by the appearance, chiefly on the 
scalp, face, and chest, of pinkish or reddish, nodular 
or flattened tumors, which may go on to ulceration. 
Itching is often present. The disease is believed 
to be microorganismal in origin, m. intestinalis. 
Synonym of anthrax, m. mucosina, a form in which 
the fungus invades the body through the intestines 
and leads to abscesses in the lungs, brain, and other 
organs. 



mycosozin (mi-ko-so'-zin) [/jlvk^, a fungus; <r6>£eu>, 
to save]. Any sozin that acts by the destruction of 
microbes. 

mycothrix (mi'-ko-lhriks) [hvktis, fungus; 0oi£, 
hair]. The thread-like element in the structure of a. 
micrococcus. 

mycotic (mi-kot'-ik) [mycosis]. Characterized by 
mycosis; due to microorganisms, m. endocarditis, 
that due to microorganismal infection. Syn., ulcera- 
tive or malignant endocarditis. 

mycoticopeptic (mi-kot-ik-o-pep'-tik). Mycotic and 
peptic. 

mycteric (mik-ter'-ik) [p.vktt)p, the nose]. Relating 
to the nasal cavities. 

mycterophonia (mik-ter-o-fo'-ne-ah) [hvkttip, nose; 
(purf, voice]. A nasal quality of the voice. 

mycteroxerosis (mik-ter-o-ze-ro' -sis) [jivkt-op, the 
nose; xerosis]. Dryness of the nostrils. 

mydaleine (mid-a'-le-en) [pudaXeos, putrid]. A 
ptomaine obtained from putrefying cadaveric organs. 
It produces salivation, dilatation of the pupils, eleva- 
tion of temperature, peristaltic action of the intestine, 
first a rise, then a fall, of temperature, and diastolic 
arrest of the heart. 

mydatoxin (mid-at-oks'-in) [p.vhav, to be wet; 
to&kov, poison], C6H13NO2. A ptomaine obtained 
from horseflesh and human flesh. It produces 
symptoms resembling those of curara-poisoning. 

mydesis (mi-de'-sis) [p.vbav, to be damp]. 1. Putre- 
faction. 2. A discharge of pus from the eyelids. 

mydine fmi'-diri) [p.v5av, to be wet], CsHnNO. 
A nonpoisonous ptomaine produced in the putre- 
faction of human internal organs. The free base is 
strongly alkaline, has an ammoniacal odor, and is 
characterized by its strong reducing properties. 

mydriasis (mid-ri'-as-is) [nvSpLaais, undue enlarge- 
ment of the pupil of the eye]. Dilatation of the pupil 
of the eye. m., alternating, m., leaping, m., spring- 
ing, mydriasis which by normal light and con- 
vergence-reaction attacks first one eye and then the 
other. It is due to disorder of the central nervous 
system, m., paralytic, that due to paralysis of the 
oculomotor nerve, m., spasmodic, m., spastic, 
that caused by overaction of the sympathetic or 
dilator nerve of the iris, m., spinal, that produced 
by irritation of the ciliospinal center of the spinal 
cord. 

mydriatic (mid-re-at'-ik) [see mydriasis]. 1. Caus- 
ing mydriasis, or dilatation of the pupil. 2. An agent 
causing mydriasis, or dilatation of the pupil. 

mydrin (mi'-drin). A combination of ephedrine 
and homatropine. It is used in 10 % solution when 
evanescent mydriasis is required. 

mydrol (mi'-drol). Iodomethylpyrazolin, a color- 
less, bitter powder, soluble in water and alcohol. 
It is used in 5 to 10 % solution as a mydriatic. 

myectomy (mi-ek-to-me) [nvs, muscle; hcrofiri, 
excision]. Excision of a portion of muscle. 

myectopy (mi-ek'-to-pe) [pivs, muscle; Iktowos, dis- 
placed]. The abnormal placement of a muscle. 
myel (mi' -el) [jiveKos, marrow]. The spinal cord, 
myelalgia (mi-el-al'-je-ah) [myel; 0X705, pain]. 
Pain in the spinal cord. 

myelalgic {mi-el-al'-jik). Pertaining to or char- 
acterized by myelalgia. 

myelanalosis (mi-el-an-al-o'-sis) [nve\6s, marrow; 
&i>a\uo-Ls, wasting]. Same as myelatrophy; tabes 
dorsalis. 

myelapoplexy (mi-el-ap'-o-pleks-e) [myel; apoplexy]. 
Hemorrhage into the spinal cord. 

myelasthenia {mi-el-as-the' -ne-ah) [myel; asthenia]. 
Spinal exhaustion. 

myelatelia (mi-el-at-e'-le-ah) [p.ve\6s, myelon; &, 
priv.; reXos, completion]. Imperfect development of 
spinal marrow or of bone-marrow. 

myelatrophy (mi-el-at'-ro-fe) [myel; atrophy]. Wast- 
ing of the spinal cord. 

myelauxe (mi-el-awks'-e) [nve\6s, marrow; av^, 
increase]. Morbid enlargement of the myel. 

myelaxis (mi-el-aks'-is). The neural, or cerebro- 
spinal, axis. 

myelemia, myelaemia (mi-el-e'-me-ah). Synonym 
of myelogenic leukemia. 

myelen (mi' -el-en). 1. An extract made from both 
red and white fresh marrow. 2. One of a group of 
phosphorized substances found in the brain. 

myelencephal (mi-el-en' -sef-al). Same as myelen- 
cephalon. 

myelencephalic (mi-el-en-sef-al'-ik). Relating to 
the myelencephalon. 



MYELENCEPHALON 



588 



MYELOPETAL 



myelencephalon (mi-el-en-sef -al-on) [my el; enceph- 
alon]. i. The cerebrospinal axis. 2. See meten- 
cephalon. 

myeleterosis (mi-el-et-er-o'-sis) [my el; erepco<ns, 
.alteration]. Any morbid alteration of the spinal 
cord. 

myelic (mi-el'-ik) [myel]. Pertaining to the spinal 
cord. 

myelin (mi'-el-in) [five\6s, marrow]. 1. The white 
substance of Schwann — the sheath of a medullated 
nerve. 2. A substance obtained from nerve tissue. 
See organotherapy. 

myelination (mi-el-in-a'-shun). Same as myeliniza- 
tion. 

myelinic (mi-el-in'-ik) [myelin]. 1. Relating to 
myelin, or to myelinic nerve-fibers. 2. Medullated. 
m. nerve-fibers, nerve-fibers having the axis-cylinder 
inclosed in a sheath of myelin. 

myelinization (mi-el-in-iz-a'-shun). The medulla- 
tion of nerve-fibers. 

myelitic (mi-el-it'-ik). Pertaining to or affected 
with myelitis. 

myelitis (mi-el-i'-tis) [myel; ins, inflammation]. 
1. Inflammation of the spinal cord. If it affects the 
gray matter, it is called poliomyelitis; if the white 
matter, leukomyelitis ; if it extends entirely across 
the cord, transverse myelitis. The symptoms of 
myelitis vary with the character and the seat of the 
lesion. The sensory disturbances consist of hyper- 
esthesia or anesthesia, girdle-pains, and usually a 
hyperesthetic zone at the level of the lesion. The 
reflexes are generally lost in the beginning, but later 
become exaggerated; sometimes they do not return. 
Paralysis is present in the parts below the lesion; 
the muscles are flaccid at first, > later rigid. The 
sphincters are generally paralyzed: Bed-sores are 
common in certain forms of myelitis. 2. Inflamma- 
tion, of bone-marrow; osteomyelitis, m., acute, 
that due to exposure to cold, injuries, or to acute 
general diseases; it is attended with sensory disturb- 
ances and motor paralysis, complete or incomplete, 
according to the part of the cord involved and the 
degree of the inflammation, m., apoplectiform, that 
in which paralysis is developed with unusual rapidity. 
m., ascending, a form in which the inflammation 
travels up the cord, m., bulbar, that affecting the 
medulla and manifesting itself in disturbances of the 
cardiorespiratory apparatus, dysphagia, vomiting, 
and other symptoms, m., cavitary, that associated 
with the formation of cavities, m., central, that 
limited chiefly to the gray matter of the cord, m., 
chronic, a slowly advancing form, presenting generally 
the same features as acute myelitis, but extended 
over a longer period, m., compression-, an in- 
flammation of the spinal cord, secondary to com- 
pressing lesions outside of the cord (caries, carcinoma, 
exostosis of the vertebrae, aneurysm) or to tumors 
of the cord itself, m., concussion, that due to a 
spinal concussion, m., cornual, inflammation affect- 
ing the anterior or posterior cornua. m., descending, 
a form in which the inflammation extends down- 
ward, following the pyramidal tracts, m., diffuse, 
widely distributed inflammation of the cord involving 
large areas, m., disseminated, one in which there 
are several foci, m., focal, one in which a small 
area is affected, m., hemorrhagic, myelitis associ- 
ated with or dependent upon hemorrhage, m., 
parenchymatous, that mainly limited to the proper 
nerve substance, m., pressure-. See m., com- 
pression-, m., sclerotic, a form characterized by 
overgrowth of the interstitial tissue, which undergoes 
contraction, producing an increase of hardness of 
the cord, m., systemic, a variety in which the 
inflammation is confined to distinct systems or 
tracts of the cord, m., transverse, that extending 
across the cord, m., traumatic, myelitis following 
direct injury. 

myelo- (mi-el-o-) [myelon]. A prefix denoting 
reference to or connection with the spinal cord or 
with the bone-marrow. 

myeloblasts (mi'-el-o-blasts). [myelo-; pXao-ros, a 
germ]. Cells of bone-marrow from which myelo- 
cytes are formed. 

myelobrachium (mi-el-o-bra'-ke-um) [myelo-; 0pa- 

xi'wj/, arm]. The inferior peduncle of the cerebellum. 

myelocele, myeloccele (mi'-el-o-sel) [myelo-; Koikia, 

a cavity]. 1. The central canal of the spinal cord. 

2. [k7]\tj, tumor]. Spina bifida. 

myelocene (mi'-el-o-sen). An ethereal extract of 
bone marrow to which about 1 per cent, of acetone 



has been added; used as an application in psoriasis, 
etc. 

myelocerebellar (mi-el-o-ser-e-bel'-ar) [myelo-; cere- 
bellum]. Relating to the spinal cord and the cere- 
bellum. 

myelochysis (mi-el-ok'-is-is) [myelo-; xOo-is, a 
pouring], Hydrorrhachis. Protrusion of the spinal 
marrow. 

myeloccelia (mi-el-o-se'-le-ah) . See myelocele. 

myelocyst (mi'-el-o-sist) [myelo-; kihttis, a cyst]. 
A cyst springing from the medullary canal. 

myelocystic (mi-el-o-sis'-tik) [see myelocyst]. 1. 
Both myeloid and cystic. 2. Pertaining to a myelo- 
cyst. 

myelocystocele (mi-el-o-sis'-to-sel) [myelo-; cysto- 
cele], A cystic tumor of the spinal cord. 

myelocystomeningocele (mi-el-o-sis-to-men-in'-go- 
sel). Spina bifida in which the tumor contains 
myelic substance, membranes, and fluids. 

myelocyte (mi'-el-o-sit) [myelo-; kvtos, a cell]. 
1. A large uninuclear leukocyte containing neutro- 
phil granules, and supposed to be derived from the 
bone-marrow. 2. A free nucleus of a central or 
ganglionic nerve-cell. 3. Any one of the leukocytes 
derived from bone-marrow, as distinguished from 
lymphocytes found in the lymphatic glands. 

myelocythemia, myelocythaemia (mi-el-o-si-the'-me- 
ah) [myelocyte; alfia, blood]. An excess of myelo- 
cytes in the blood; myelogenous leukemia. 

myelodiastasis (mi-el-o-di-as'-tas-is) [myelo-; 5id- 
roo-ts, separation]. Severance or disintegration of 
the spinal cord. 

myelodiastema (mi-el-o-di-as-te'-mah). Synonym 
of myelodiastasis. 

myeloencephalitis (mi-el-o-en-sef-al-i'-tis) [myelo- ; 
eyKtyciXos, brain; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation 
of both spinal cord and brain, m., epidemic, acute 
anterior poliomyelitis. 

myelogangliitis (mi-el-o-gan-gle-i'-tis). A very 
severe form of cholera believed to be due to gangliitis 
of the solar plexus and of the hepatic plexus. 

myelogenic, myelogenous {mi-el-o- j en' -ik, mi-el- 
oj'-en-us) [myelo-; ytwav, to produce]. Produced 
in or by bone-marrow, m. leukemia, leukemia due 
to disease of the bone-marrow. 

myeloid (mi'-el-oid) [myelo-; elSos, like]. 1. Re- 
sembling marrow. 2. Pertaining to the spinal cord. 
m. cell, a myeloplax. m. sarcoma, a form of sar- 
coma distinguished by the presence of multinucleated 
cells. 

myeloidin (mi-el-oid'-in) [myelo-; elSos, like]. A 
nitrogenous substance containing phosphorus, found 
in brain-matter. 

myelolymphangioma (mi-el-o-lim-fan-je-o'-mah) . 
Same as elephantiasis. 

myeloma (mi-el-o' -mah) [myelo-; 6fia, tumor]. 
1. An encephaloid tumor. 2. A giant-celled sar- 
coma. 

myelomalacia (mi-el-o-mal-a' -she-ah) _ [myelo-; 
fiaXaKta, softening]. A softening of the spinal cord. 

myelomalacosis, myelomalaxis (mi-el-o-mal-ak-o' - 
sis, mi-el-o-mal-aks' -is) . Synonym of myelomalacia. 

myelomatosis (mi-el-o-mat-o'-sis). Multiple my- 
eloma. 

myelomenia (mi-el-o-me'-ne-ah) [myelo-; tiijves, 
menses]. A supposed metastasis of the menstrual 
blood to the spinal cord. 

myelomeningitis (mi-el-o-men-in-ji'-tis). Inflam- 
mation of the membranes of the spinal cord; spinal 
meningitis. 

myelomeningocele (mi-el-o-men-in'-go-sel). Spina 
bifida. 

myelomeninx (mi-el-o-me'-ninks) [myelo-; nrjviyZ, 
membrane]. A spinal membrane. 

myelomyces (mi-el-om'-is-ez) [myelo- ; hvkt)s, fungus] 
An encephaloid tumor. 

myelon (mi'-el-on) [nve\6s, marrow]. The spinal 
cord. 

myelonal, myelonic (mi-el'-on-al, mi-el-on -ik). 
Pertaining to the myelon. 

myeloneuritis (mi-el-o-nii-ri'-tis). Multiple neuritis 
combined with myelitis. 

myeloparalysis (mi-el-o-par-aV -is-is) [myelo-; par- 
alysis]. Spinal paralysis. 

myelopathic (mi-el-o-path'-ik) [myelo-; it ados, 
disease]. Relating to a myelopathy. 

myelopathy (mi-el-op' -ath-e) [myelo-; iraBos, dis- 
ease]. Any disease of the spinal cord. 

myelopetal (mi-el-op' -et-al) [myelo-; petere, to seek]. 
Moving toward the myelon; said of nerve-fibers. 



MYELOPHTHISIS 



589 



MYOCTONINE 



myelophthisis (mi-el-off'-this-is). Synonym of 
tabes dorsalis. 

myelophyma (mi-el-o-fi'-mah) [myelo-; <j>vna, a 
growth]. A tuberculous growth in the meninges of 
the spinal cord. 

myeloplaque (mi'-el-o-plak) [myelo-; ifka£, plate]. 
A giant-cell of the spinal marrow; an osteoclast; a 
myeloplax. 

myeloplast (mi'-el-o-plast) [myelo-; wXaaros, shaped] 
The peculiar cells of the bone-marrow resembling 
leukocytes. 

myeloplax (mi'-el-o-plaks) [myelo-; tt\o£, a plaque]. 
One of the large multinucleated cells found upon 
the inner surface of bone, and concerned in its 
absorption. 

myeloplaxoma (mi-el-o-plaks-o'-mah) [myelo-; irXd£, 
plate; 6/j.a, tumor]. A tumor containing myelo- 
plaxes. 

myeloplegia (mi-el-o-ple'-je-ah) [myelo-; trXrjyr), 
a stroke]. Paralysis of spinal origin. 

myelopore (mi'-el-o-por) [myelo-; irbpos, pore]. 
An opening into the spinal column. 

myelorrhagia (mi-el-or-a'-je-ah) [myelo-; priyvvvai, 
to burst forth]. Hemorrhage into the spinal cord. 

myelorrhaphy (mi-el-or'-af-e) [myelo-; pa4>-q, a 
seam]. The suturing of a severed spinal cord. 

myelosarcoma (mi-el-o-sar-ko'-mah) . Same as osteo- 
sarcoma. 

myelosclerosis (mi-el-o-skle-ro'-sis) [myelo-; sclero- 
sis]. Sclerosis of the spinal cord or of the marrow 
of bones. 

myelosis (mi-el-o'-sis) [myelon]. The growth or 
existence of a myeloma. 

myelospasm (mi'-el-o-spazm) [myelo-; awaapds, 
spasm]. Spasm of the spinal cord. 

myelospongium (mi-el-o-spun'-je-um) [myelo-; 
awoyyos, sponge]. A network in the wall of the 
neural canal of the embryo, composed of processes 
given off by the outer extremities of the spongio- 
blasts. 

myelosyphilis (mi-el-o-sif'-il-is). Syphilis of the 
spine. 

myelosyphilis (mi-el-o-sif-il-o'-sis) [myelo-; syph- 
ilis]. Syphilitic disease of the spinal cord. 

myelosyringosis (mi-el-o-si-rin-go'-sis) . Synonym 
of syringomyelia. 

myelotherapy (mi-el-o-ther'-ap-e). The thera- 
peutic use of bone-marrow extracts. 

myelotome (mi'-el-o-tom) [myelo-; rkpveiv, to cut]. 
An apparatus for making sections of the spinal cord. 

myelotoxic (mi-el-o-toks'-ik) [myelo-; to^lkov, a 
poison]. Characteristic of or pertaining to a sub- 
stance having toxic action on the cells of bone- 
marrow. 

myelotoxin (mi-el-o-toks'-in). A cy to toxin with 
specific action upon bone-marrow cells. 

myelyperemia (mi-el-ip-er-e'-me-ah). See hyper- 
myelohemia. 

myenergia (mi-en-er'-je-ah) luvs, muscle; Ivkpyeia, 
energy]. Muscular energy. 

myentasis (mi-en' -tas-is) [p.vs, muscle; Zvtchtls, 
a stretching]. The extension or stretching of a 
muscle. 

myenteric (mi-en-ter'-ik) [jivs, muscle; ivrepov, 
intestine]. Relating to the muscular coat of the 
intestine. 

myenteron (mi-en' -ter-on) [p.vs, muscle; enteron]. 
The muscular coat of the intestine. 

Myers's sign (mi'-erz). Numbness and formica- 
tion of both hands in scarlet-fever. 

myiasis (mi-i'-as-is) [jxvla, a fly]. The presence 
of larvae of flies or maggots in or on the body, as 
in the nose or ear, in a wound, or upon mucous 
membranes. 

myiocephalon (mi-i-o-sef'-al-on) [p-v'ia, fly; Ke<pdhi), 
head]. A minute prolapse of the iris through a 
corneal perforation, so-called from its resemblance 
to the head of a fly. 

myiodeopsia, myiodesopsia (mi-i-o-de-op'-se-ah, 
mi-i-o-dez-op' -se-ah) [pvLub-qs, fly-like; ofis, vision]. 
The subjective appearance of muscat volitantes. 

myiosis (mi-i-o'-sis). See myiasis. 

myistos, myistus (mi-is'-tos, mi-is'-tus) [pvs, 
muscle; iVros, tissue]. Muscular tissue. 

myitis (mi-i'-tis). See myositis. 

Mylabris (mil-ab'-ris). A genus of old-world 
blister-flies, some of which are used like cantharides. 

mylacephalus (mi-las-ef -al-us) [pveKbs, massive; 
d, priv.; Ke^aKrj, head]. The lowest variety of the 
acephalous species of omphalositic monsters. There 



is such imperfect development of the fetus that the 
condition is but a degree above that of foetus amorphics 
or foetus anideus. 

mylacri (mil'-ak-ri) [jjlvXti, a mill]. The molar teeth. 

mylacris (mil' -ak-ris) [pv\rt, a mill]. The patella. 

myle (mi'-le) [jivKv, mill], i. Uterine mole. 
2. Patella. 3- Maxilla. 

mylic (mil'-ik) [jjlv\v, mill]. Pertaining to the 
molar teeth; relating to a uterine mole. 

Mylius' modification of Pettenkofer's test for 
bile-acids. Add one drop "of furfurol solution and 
i Cc. of concentrated sulphuric acid to each cubic 
centimeter of the alcoholic solution of bile acids; 
cool, if necessary, so that the test does not become too 
warm. A red coloration is produced, which changes 
to bluish-violet in the course of the day. 

mylo- (mi'-lo-) [p.v\r], mill]. A prefix denoting 
connection with the lower jaw or the molar teeth. 

mylodus (mi-lo'-dus) [mylo-; bdovs, tooth: pi., 
mylodontes]. A molar tooth. 

myloglossus (mi-lo-glos'-us) [mylo-; yXcoaaa, 
tongue]. A portion of the superior constrictor of the 
pharynx — that which arises from the mylo-hyoid ridge 
of the lower jaw. Also, an anomalous slip joining 
the styloglossus. 

mylohyoid, mylohyoidean (mi-lo-hi'-oid, mi-lo-hi- 
oid-e'-an). Pertaining to the region of the lower 
molar teeth and the hyoid bone. m. muscle. See 
under muscle. 

myo- (mi-o-) [p.vs, a muscle]. A prefix signifying 
pertaining to muscle. 

myoalbumose (mi-o-al'-bu-mos). A proteid from 
muscle-plasma. 

myoatrophy (mi-o-af -ro-fe) [myo-; atrophy]. Atro- 
phy of a muscle. 

myoblast (mi'-o-blast) [myo-; (SXaarbs, germ]. 
A cell developing into a muscle-fiber. 

myoblastic (mi-o-blas'-tik) [myo-; /3Xao-r6s, germ]. 
Relating to or of the nature of a myoblast. 

myocardiograph (mi-o-kar'-de-o-graf) [myo-; KapUa, 
heart; ypa<j>eiv, to write]. An apparatus for recording 
the movement of the heart muscles. 

myocarditis (mi-o-kar-di'-tis) [myocardium; ms, 
inflammation]. Inflammation of the myocardium, 
the muscular tissue of the heart. 

myocardium (mi-o-kar' -de-um) [myo-; KapSia, 
heart]. The muscular tissue of the heart. 

myocele (mi'-o-sel) [myo-; ktjKt), hernia]. The 
protrusion of a muscle through its ruptured sheath. 

myocelialgia, myocoelialgia (mi-o-se-le-al'-je-ah) 
[myo-; KoiXia, cavity; a\yos, pain]. Pain in the 
muscles of the abdomen. 

myocelitis, myoccelitis (mi-o-se-li'-tis) [myo-; KoiKla, 
cavity; ltls, inflammation]. Inflammation of the ab- 
dominal muscles. 

myocellulitis, (mi-o-sel-u-li'-tis). Simultaneous my- 
ositis and cellulitis. 

myocelome, myocoelome (mi-o-se'-lom) [myo-; 
KoiXia, cavity]. The cavity of a protovertebra or 
myotome. 

myocephalitis (mi-o-sef-al-i'-tis) [myo-; n&}>a\-n, 
the head; ltls, inflammation]. Inflammation of the 
muscles of the head. 

myochorditis (mi-o-kor-di'-tis) [myo-; xop$y, cord; 
ltls, inflammation]. Inflammation of the muscles of 
the vocal bands. 

myochrome (mi'-o-krom) [myo-; xp«Ma, color]. 
A reddish pigment found in muscles, and believed to 
be identical with hemoglobin. 

myochronoscope (mi-o-kro'-no-skop) [myo-; upbvos, 
time; (TKoirelv, to examine]. An instrument for 
measuring the rapidity of muscular contraction or the 
propagation of a nerve-stimulus through a muscle. 

myoclonia (mi-o-klo'-ne-ah) [myo-; kK&vos, spasm]. 
Clonic spasm of the muscles. 

myoclonus (mi-ok'-lo-nus) [myo-; k\6vos, clonus]. 
Clonic spasm of a muscle or of various muscles. 
m. multiplex. See paramyoclonus multiplex. 

myocolpitis (mi-o-kol-pi'-tis) [myo-; k6\ttos, vagina; 
ltls, inflammation]. Inflammation of the muscular 
coat of the vagina. 

myocomma (mi-o-kom'-ah) [myo-; ic6np.a, segment]. 
Any one of the transverse segments into which 
embryonic muscle tissue is divided. 

myocrismus (mi-o-kriz'-mus) [myo-; Kpi^iv, to 
• creak]. A creaking sound heard over muscles during 
contraction. 

myoctonine (mi-ok'-to-nen) [p.vs, mouse; KTelveiv, 
to kill], i. An alkaloid of Aconitum lycoctonum, a 
powerful poison resembling curare in action. 



MYOCYST 



590 



MYOPATHIC 



myocyst (mi'-o-sist) [myo-; cyst]. A cystic tumor 
of a mulcle. 

myocyte (mi'-o-stt) [myo-; /euros, cell]. A muscle-cell. 

myocytoma (mi-o-si-to'-mah) [myo-; cytoma]. A 
tumor in which the chief cells are muscle cells. 

myodegeneration (mi-o-de-jen-er-a'-shun). Muscu- 
lar degeneration. 

myodemia (mi-o-de'-me-ah) [myo-; 8r)p.6s, fat]. 
Fatty degeneration of muscle tissue. 

myodes (mi-o'-dez) [myo-; «Z6os, like], i. Re- 
sembling muscle; muscular. 2. The platysma, or 
fleshy expansion of the neck. See muscles, table of. 

myodesopsia (jni-o-dez-ops'-e-ah). See myiode- 
opsia. 

myodiastasis (mi-o-di-as'-tas-is) [myo-; 8La, apart; 
araats, a standing]. 1. The separation that takes 
place between the ends of a cut muscle. 2. The 
traumatic injury of a muscle by straining or stretch- 
ing. 

myodynamia (mi-o-di-nam'-e-ah) [myo-; biivafxis, 
force]. Muscular power or strength. 

myodynamic (mi-o-di-nam'-ik) [myo-; Swa/iu, 
power]. Pertaining to the force of muscular con- 
traction. 

myodynamics {mi-o-di-nam'-iks) [myo-; 8vvo.p,is, 
power]. The mechanics of muscular action. 

myodynamometer (mi-o-di-nam-om'-et-er) . See 
dynamometer. 

myodynia (mi-o-din'-e-ah) [myo-; 68vi>r), pain]. 
Pain in the muscles. 

myoedema, myooedema (mi-o-e-de'-mah). 1. See 
myoidema. 2. Edema of the muscles. 

myoelectric (mi-o-e-lek'-trik). Pertaining to the 
electrical properties of muscle. 

myoendocarditis (mi-o-en-do-kar-di'-tis) [myo- ; 
&8os, within; KapSia, heart; ins, inflammation]. 
Simultaneous inflammation of the endocardium and 
the myocardium. 

myoepithelial (mi-o-ep-e-the'-le-al). 1. Relating to 
or consisting of muscle and epithelium. 2. Per- 
taining to myoepithelium. 

myoepithelium {mi-o-ep-e-the'-le-um). Muscle- 
epithelium; epithelium, the cells of which possess 
contractile processes. 

myofibroma (mi-o-fi-bro'-mah). A tumor con- 
taining muscular and fibrous tissue. 

myofibrosis (mi-o-fi-bro'-sis). An increase of con- 
nective tissue between the muscle-fasciculi and also 
between the individual fibrils; it is most likely to 
occur in the ventricles of the heart. 

myogaster (mi'-o-gas-ter) [myo-; yaarqp, belly]. 
The belly of a muscle. 

myogen (mi'-o-jen). 1. See myosinogen. 2. A 
dietetic prepared from blood-serum of cattle. 

myogenesis (mi-o-jen'-es-is) [myo-; ykveais, genesis]. 
The development of muscular tissue. 

myogenetic, myogenic (mi-o-jen-et'-ik, mi-o-jen'- 
ik) [myogenesis]. Of muscular origin. 

myogenous (mi-oj'-en-us) [myo-; yevvav, to pro- 
duce]. Originating in muscle. 

myoglobulin (mi-o-glob'-u-lin) [myo-; globulin]. 
A substance obtained from muscles, closely re- 
.-sembling serum-globulin in its properties. 

myognathus (mi-og' -na-thus) [myo-; yv&dos, jaw]. 
A. form of double monstrosity in which the accessory 
Ihead is joined to the autosite by means of muscle 
■ and integument only. 

myogram (mi'-o-gram) [myo-; ypap.p.a, an inscrip- 
tion]. The tracing made by the myograph. 

myogramma {mi-o-gram'-ah). A mark or line 
upon or in a muscle. 

myograph (mi'-o-graf) [myo-; ypa<j>eiv, to write]. 
An instrument for recording the phases of a muscu- 
lar contraction. 

myographic (mi-o-graf'-ik) [see myograph]. Per- 
taining to a myograph. 

myography (mi-og' -ra-fe) [see myograph]. 1. A 
description of the muscles. 2. The employment 
of the myograph. 

myohematin, myohaematin (mi-o-hem'-at-in). A 
red pigment found in muscles. 

myohysterectomy (mi-o-his-ter-ek'-to-me). The in- 
complete removal of the uterus, more or less of the 
cervix uteri being left and the operation being com- 
pleted without opening the vagina. 

myoid (mi'-oid) [myo-; eldos, like]. Like a muscle 
or muscular tissue. 

myoidema (mi-oid-e'-mah) [myo-; edema]. The 
wheal brought out by a sharp tap on a muscle in 
certain conditions of exhaustion. 



myoides (mi-oi'-dez) [myo-; elSos, like]. The 
platysma. See muscles, table of. 

myoideum (mi-oid'-e-um) [myo-; elSos, resem- 
blance]. Tissue resembling muscle. 

myoidism (mi'-oid-izm) [see myoideum]. Idio- 
muscular contraction. 

myokymia (mi-o-ki' -me-ah) [myo-; K.vp.a, a wave]. 
Persistent, widespread, muscular quivering without 
atrophy or loss of power. 

myolemma (mi-o-lem'-ah) [myo-; \ep.p.a, covering]. 
The sarcolemma. 

myolin (mi'-o-lin) [p.bs, muscle]. The substance 
formerly supposed to form the contents of a muscu- 
lar fibril. 

myolipoma (mi-o-lip-o'-mah) . A myoma containing 
fatty tissue. 

myologic (mi-o-loj'-ik) [myo-; \6yos, science]. 
Pertaining to myology. 

myologist (mi-oV -o-jist) . One versed in myology. 

myology (mi-ol'-o-je) [myo-; \6yos, science]. The 
science of the nature, structure, functions, and 
diseases of muscles. 

myolysis (mi-ol'-is-is) [myo-; Xwrw, solution]. 
The degeneration of muscle tissue. 

myom (mi'-om). A myoma of the uterus. 

myoma (mi-o'-mah) [myo-; 8p,a, tumor]. A muscu- 
lar tumor. If composed of nonstriped muscular 
tissue, it is called liomyoma; if of striped muscular 
tissue, rhabdomyoma, m. telangiectodes, an angioma 
surrounded by muscle-fibers; angiomyoma. 

myomalacia (mi-o-mal-a' -she-ah) [myo-; naXaida., 
softening]. Softening of muscles, m. cordis, soften- 
ing of a portion of the heart-muscle, usually resulting 
from thrombosis or embolism. 

myomatous (mi-o'-mat-us) [myoma]. Of the nature 
of a myoma. 

myomectomy (mi-o-mek'-to-me) [myoma; kKropA), 
excision]. Excision of a uterine or other myoma. 

myomelanosis (mi-o-mel-an-o'-sis) [myo-; fiehavw- 
o-is, a becoming black]. The presence of a blackish 
coloration in muscular tissue. 

myomere (mi'-o-mer) [myo-; nkpos, a part]. A 
muscular flake or metamere; a myocomma or myo- 
tome. 

myometer (mi-om'-et-er) [myo-; ukrpov, a measure]. 
An instrument for measuring muscle-contraction. 

myometritis (mi-o-mft-ri' -tis) . Inflammation of 
the uterine muscular tissue. 

myometrium (mi-o-me'-tre-um) [myo-; mrpa, 
womb]. The uterine muscular structure. 

myomohysterectomy (mi-o-mo-his-ter-ek'-to-me) 
[myoma; hysterectomy]. The extirpation of a myo- 
matous uterus. 

myomotomy (mi-o-mot'-o-me). See myomectomy. 

myon (mi'-on) [p-vuv, a group of muscles]. A unit 
of musculature; a group of muscles viewed as an 
integer. 

myonarcosis (mi-o-nar-ko'-sis) [myo-; ydp/coxrw, 
numbness]. Numbness of the muscles. 

myoneme (mi'-o-nem) [myo-; v^p.a, a thread]. 
One of the long contractile fibrillar which in the 
protozoa make up the layer of the cytoplasm called 
the myocyte. Cf. spasmoneme. 

myoneoplasma (mi-o-ne-o-plaz'-mah) [myo-; vkos, 
new; ir\a<rna, formation: pi., myoneoplasmata], A 
myoma or muscular neoplasm. 

myoneuralgia (mi-o-nu-ral'-je-ah). Neuralgic pain 
in the muscles. 

myoneurasthenia (mi-o-nu-ras-the'-ne-ah) . Re- 
laxation of the muscles occurring in neurasthenia. 

myoneure (mi'-o-nur) [myo-; vevpov, nerve]. A 
motor nerve-cell supplying a muscle. 

myoneuroma (mi-o-nu-ro'-mah). Combined my- 
oma and neuroma. 

myonicity (mi-o-nis'-it-e) [myo-]. The power of 
living muscle to contract and to relax. 

myonitis (mi-on-i'-tis) [myo-; ins, inflammation]. 
Synonym of myositis. 

myonosus (mi-on'-o-sus) [myo-; voaos, disease]. 
A disease of the muscles. 

myonymy (mi-on'-im-e) [myo-; &vofxa, name]. 
Nomenclature of the muscles. 

myopachynsis (mi-o-pak-in'-sis) [myo-;^ traxwais, 
thickening]. Muscular hypertrophy, m. lipomatosa. 
See paralysis, pseudo-hyper trophic. 

myopalmus (mi-o-paV -mus) [myo-; waXnos, a 
twitch]. Twitching of the muscles. 

myoparalysis (mi-o-par-aV-is-is). Paralysis of a 
muscle or muscles. 

myopathic (mi-o-path'-ik) [myo-; Trados, disease] 



MYOPATHY 



591 



MYOTOMY 



Depending upon or relating to disease of the muscles. 
m. facies, a peculiar form of expression seen in 
infantile forms of myopathic muscular atrophy. It 
is characterized by imperfect movement of the facial 
muscles, sinking in of the cheeks, and drooping of 
the lower lip. Syn., facies myopathique. 

myopathy, myopathia (mi-op' -atk-e, mi-o-path'- 
e-ah) [myo-; iraBos, suffering], i. Any disease of 
the muscles. 2. A group of disorders characterized 
by slow progressive loss of power associated with 
atrophy or hypertrophy of the muscles, absence of 
fibrillar contraction or quantitative electrical change. 

myope (mi'-op) [see myopia}. A person affected 
with myopia. 

myopericarditis (mi-o-per-ik-ar-di'-tis) [myo-; peri- 
carditis]. A combination of pericarditis with 
myocarditis. 

myoperitonitis (mi-o-per-it-on-i'-tis). Inflamma- 
tion of the abdominal muscles combined with peri- 
tonitis. 

myophage (mi'-o-faj) [see myophagism]. A phago- 
cyte which consumes muscle cells. 

myophagism (mi-of'-aj-izm) [myo-; <payelv, to eat]. 
The wasting away of muscular tissue observed in 
muscular atrophy. 

myophone (mi'-o-fon) [myo-; (pcotrri, sound]. An 
instrument for hearing the sounds produced during 
the contraction of a muscle. 

myophonia (mi-o-fo' -ne-ah) [myo-; tpuvri, sound]. 
Muscle-sound. 

myopia (mi-o'-pe-ah) [p.i<eu>, to close; &\j/, eye; 
myopes having the habit of partially closing the lids 
to avoid spherical aberration]. Near-sightedness; 
an optical defect, usually due to too great length of 
the antero-posterior diameter of the globe, whereby 
the focal image is formed in front of the retina, m., 
high, a degree of myopia greater than 6.5 diopters. 
m., low, one less than two diopters, m., malignant, 
rapidly progressing myopia, m., progressive, con- 
tinuous increase of myopia, due to increasing elonga- 
tion of the eyeball. 

myopic (mi-op'-ik) [see myopia]. Pertaining to 
or having the nature of myopia; near-sighted, m. 
crescent, a yellowish-white crescentic area about the 
papilla, due to atrophy or breaking away of the 
choroid and exposure of the sclerotic. 

myopiosis (mi-o-pi-o'-sis). Synonym of myopia. 

myoplasm (mi'-o-plazm) [myo-; TrXaopa, something 
formed]. The contractile portion of a muscle fiber 
as opposed to the sarcoplasm or undifferentiated 
portion. 

myoplast (mi'-o-plast) [myo-; irKaooeiv, to mold]. 
A muscle-producing cell. 

myoplastic (mi-o-plas'-tik). Producing muscle; 
pertaining to a myoplast. m. bodies, the embryonic 
cells from which muscular fibers are developed. 

myoplasty (mi'-o-plas-te). Plastic operation on 
muscle. 

myoplegia (mi-o-ple'-je-ah) [myo-; -jrXrjyri, a stroke]. 
A condition of diminished muscular power, or of 
muscular paresis. 

myopolar (mi-o-po'-lar) [myo-; pole]. Pertaining 
to muscular polarity, electric or other. 

myoporthosis (mi-o-por-tho'-sis) [jxvwip, near- 
sighted; 6p06s, straight]. The correction of myopia. 

myopresbytia (mi-o-pres-bish'-e-ah) [pvo)^, near- 
sighted; 7rp«7vSim7s, old-sighted]. Combined myopia 
and presbyopia. 

myoprotein (mi-o-pro'-te-in). A substance found 
in muscle-plasma, differing apparently from the 
recognized albumins. 

myoproteose (mi-o-pro'-te-os). See myoalbumose. 

myopsychopathy, myopsychy (mi-o-si-kop'-ath-e, 
mi-o-si'-ke) [myo-; \pv\v, mind; waBos, disease]. My- 
opathies associated with feebleness or defect of mind. 

myopsychoses (mi-o-si-ko'-sez) [myo-; fvxv, mind]. 
Myopathies and neuromuscular affections associ- 
ated with mental disturbances. 

myorrhaphy (mi-or'-af-e) [myo-; pa<j>Tj, a seam]. 
The union of the abdominal recti muscles by suture 
when drawn apart. 

myorrheuma (mi-or-oo'-mah) [myo-; pevpa, a flow]. 
A synonym of muscular rheumatism or myalgia. 

myorrhexis (mi-or-eks'-is) [myo-; p-fj^is, a tearing]. 
Laceration or rupture of a muscle. 

myosalgia (mi-o-sal'-je-ah). See myalgia. 

myosalpingitis (mi-o-sal-pin-ji'-tis). Hypertrophy 
of the muscular tissue of the Fallopian tube. 

myosarcoma (mi-o-sar-ko'-mah). A sarcoma con- 
taining muscular tissue. 



myosclerosis (mi-o-skle-ro'-sis). 1. A hardening 
or induration of a muscle. 2. Synonym of pseudo- 
hypertrophic paralysis. 

myoscope (mi'-o-skop) [myo-; oKovtlv, to inspect]. 
An apparatus used in observing the contraction- 
phenomena of muscles. 

myoseism (mi-o-se'-izm) [myo-; oeiopbs, a shake]. 
A symptom that consists in repeated stops in the 
course of muscular contractions by which the whole 
movement is rendered jerky. 

myoseptum (mi-o-sep'-tum) [myo-; septum]. The 
intermuscular septum between the metameres of 
muscles of certain animals, as of fishes. 

myoserum (mi-o-se'-rum). Muscle-juice; juice 
derived from meat submitted to pressure. 

myosin (mi'-o-sin) [jws, muscle]. A protein of the 
globulin class, found in coagulated muscle-plasma, 
and formed from the antecedent globulin, myo- 
sinogen. It is also found in the cornea and in some 
vegetables. Myosin is soluble in strong saline solu- 
tions, and is changed into syntonin by the action of 
dilute hydrochloric acid and heat. 

myosinogen (mi-o-sin'-o-jen) [myosin; yevvav, 
to beget]. One of the proteins of muscle-plasma. 
It is the antecedent of myosin. Its coagulation after 
death is the cause of rigor mortis. 

myosinose (mi-o'-sin-os). An albumose produced 
by gastric digestion of myosin. 

myosinuria (mi-o-sin-u'-re-ah). The occurrence 
of myosin in the urine. 

myosis (mi-o'-sis). See miosis. 

myositic (mi-o-sif -ik) . Pertaining to, or affected 
with myosis, or with myositis. 
_ myositis (mi-o-si'-tis) [p.vs, muscle; ins, inflamma- 
tion]. Inflammation of the muscles, m. fibrosa, 
m., interstitial, an inflammation of the connective 
tissue of muscle, m., ischemic, myositis due to 
prolonged fixation of forearm fractures by any form 
of bandaging which intercepts circulation through 
the muscles and nerves of the part. m. ossificans, 
a variety characterized by the formation of osseous 
deposits in the muscles, m. ossificans progressiva, 
a process of ossification attacking one muscle after 
another, m. ossificans traumatica, the formation of 
a mass of bone in a muscle after an injury, m., 
parenchymatous, that affecting the essential sub- 
stance of a muscle, m., specific, m., syphilitic, that 
due to syphilis, m. trichinosa, that due to the 
presence of trichina spiralis in the muscles. 

myosome (mi'-o-som) [myo-; oQpa, body]. The 
contractilesubstance of muscle. 

myospasis (mi-os' -pas-is) [myo-; owaois, a drawing: 
pi., myospases]. A muscular contraction. 

myospasm (rni'-o-spazin) [myo-; o-Ka.ap.6s, spasm]. 
Muscular spasm; a cramp. 

myospasmia (mi-o-spaz'-me-ah) [see myospasm]. 
Diseases in which spasmodic muscular contraction 
is a dominant symptom. 

myosuria (mi-o-su' -re-ah) . See myosinuria. 

myosuture (mi-o-su' -tur). Suture of a muscle. 

rxryosynizesis (mi-o-sin-iz-e'-sis) [myo-; owl^ois, 
a falling together]. The adhesion of two or more 
muscles. 

myotactic (mi-o-tak'-tik) [myo-; tangere, to touch]. 
Relating to muscular sense, or the sense of touch in 
muscles. 

myotasis (mi-ot'-as-is) [myo-; tools, a stretching]. 
Passive tension of a muscle. 

myotatic (mi-o-tai'-ik) [myo-; tools, a stretching]. 
Produced by or depending upon passive tension 
of the muscles, m. contraction, tendon-reflex. , m. 
irritability, an increased irritability of muscles pro- 
duced by passive extension, and giving rise, when 
the muscle is stimulated, to myotatic contraction, or 
tendon-reflex. 

myotenotomy (mi-o-ten-ot'-o-me) [myo-; rkviov, 
tendon; row, a cutting]. Surgical division of muscles 
and tendons. 

myothelium (mi-o-the'-le-um) [myo-; d-nX-f;, nipple]. 
The cellular elements composing a myotome or 
pro to vertebra. 

myothermic (mi-o-lher'-mik) [myo-; Bkpprj, heat]. 
Pertaining to heat-development in a muscle. 

myotic (mi-ot'-ik). See miotic. 

myotility (mi-o-tiV -it-e) . Muscular contractility, or 
tonicity. 

myotome (mi'-o-tom) [myo-; roprj, a cutting]. 
1. An instrument for performing myotomy. 2. See 
myocomma. 

myotomy (mi-ot'-o-me) [see myotome]. 1. Division 



MYOTONE 



592 



MYXEDEMA 



of a muscle, particularly through its belly. 2. The 
dissection of muscles. 

myotone (mi'-o-ton). See myotonia. 

myotonia, myotonus (mi-o-to'-ne-ah, -ot'-o-nus) 
[myo-; twos, tension] 1. Tonic muscular spasm. 
2. The stretching of a muscle. 3. Muscular tone, 
quality, or tension, m. acquisita, a disease, not 
hereditary, characterized by tonic muscular spasm. 
m. congenita, m. hereditaria, Thomsen's disease; 
a hereditary disease characterized by tonic spasms in 
the voluntarily moved muscles. 

myotyrbe (mi-o-ter'-be) [myo-; rhpfiti, disorder]. 
Chorea; incoordinate muscular movements. 

Myrcia (mur'-se-ah). A genus of aromatic shrubs 
of the natural order Myrtacea. M. acris is the source 
of oil of bay, oleum myrcia, from which is prepared 
bay-rum, or spiritus -myrcia. Bay-rum is used as a 
local application in headache and to impart its 
odor to many toilet preparations. 

myriachit (mir-e-ah'-shit) . See palmus. 

myriagram (mir'-e-ag-ram) [pvploi, ten thousand; 
ypanfia, gram]. Ten thousand grams. 

myrialiter (me-re-al-e'-ter) [pvploi, ten thousand; 
Mrpa, liter]. Ten thousand liters. 

myriameter (me-re-am'-e-ter) [pvpiot,Aen thousand; 
pkrpov, a measure]. Ten thousand meters. 

myricin (mir'-is-in) [pvpUrj, the tamarisk]. A con- 
stituent of wax (cera flava), insoluble in boiling 
alcohol. It consists chiefly of myricyl palmitate, 
C30H61 . C16H31O2, which is a compound of palmitic 
acid and myricyl alcohol. 

myricyl (mir'-is-il). A univalent hydrocarbon, 
C30H01, the radical of myricyl alcohol, m. alcohol, 
C30H62O, hydrogen myricylate, is obtained by de- 
composing beeswax. 

myringa, myrinx (mir-in'-gah, mir'-inks) [L.]. 
The tympanic membrane. 

myringectomy (mir-in-jek'-to-me). See myringo- 
dectomy. 

myringitis (mir-in-ji'-tis) [myringa; ins, inflamma- 
tion]. Inflammation of the membrana tympani. 
m. bullosa, acute myringitis attended by small, 
pearly-gray blisters. 

myringodectomy (mir-in-go-dek'-to-me) [myringa; 
eKTop.rj, excision]. Excision of a part or of the whole 
of the membrana tympani. 

myringodermatitis (mir-in-go-der-mat-i'-tis) [myr- 
inga; dermatitis]. Inflammation of the external 
layer of the drum-membrane with the formation of 
blebs below or behind the malleus. 

myringomycosis (mir-in-go-mi-ko'-sis) [myringa ; 
mycosis]. Disease of the drum-membrane, due to 
parasitic fungi, especially Aspergillus. 

myringoplastic (mir-in-go-plas'-tik). [myringoplasty]. 
Pertaining to myringoplasty. 

myringoplasty (mir-in'-go-plas-te) [myringa; TrXaa- 
aeiv, to shape]. A plastic operation on the membrana 
tympani. 

myringoscope (mi-ring' -go-skop) [myringa; arnoirelv, 
to examine]. An ear speculum with a magnifying lens. 

myringotome (mir-in'-go-tom) [myringa; ropy, 
a cutting]. An instrument used in incising the 
membrana tympani. 

myringotomy (mir-in-got'-o-me) [see myringotome]. 
Incision of the tympanic membrane. 

myrinx (mi' -rinks). See myringa. 

myrisma (mi-riz'-mah) [pvpio-pa]. An anointing, 
inunction. 

myristic acid (mir-is' -tik) [myristica], Q4H28O2. 
A monobasic acid found in Myristica fyagrans, in 
cocoanut-oil, in spermaceti, etc. 

myristica (mir-is' -tik-ah) . See nutmeg. 

myristicated liver (mi-ris' -tik-a-ted). Nutmeg 
liver, q. v. 

myristication (mi-ris-tik-a' -shun) [pvpl^eiv, to 
anoint]. The development of a nutmeg condition of 
the liven 

myristicin (mir-is' -tis-in) [myristica.] A peculiar 
fatty body contained in nutmeg. 

myristicol (mir-is' -tik-ol) [myristica; oleum, oil], 
C10H16O. An oily substance extracted from oil of 
nutmeg. _ 

myristin (mi-ris' -tin) [pvpi^eiv, to anoint]. A 
compound of glycerin and myristic acid. 

myrmecia (mur-me'-se-ah) [pvppv^a, ants' nest; 
pvpprf, ant]. < A warty growth on the palm or sole. 

myrmeciasis, myrmeciasm (mir-me-si' -as-is, mir- 
me'-se-azm) [p.vpp-q^, ant]. Formication. 

myron (mi'-ron) [pbpov, any sweet juice exuding 
from plants]. 1. An unguent. 2. A soft resin. 



myronate (mi'-ron-at). A salt of myronic acid. 

myronic acid (mi-ron'-ik). See acid, myronic. 

myronin (mi'-ron-in). An ointment-base said to 
be a mixture of soap, carnauba wax, and doegling oil. 

myrosin (mi'-ro-sin) [myron]. An albuminous 
ferment occurring in mustard-seed, which liberates 
the oil of mustard from potassium myronate. 

myrrh (mer) [pvppa, myrrh]. A gum-resin (myrrha, 
U. S. P.) obtained from Commiphora (Balsamo- 
dendron) myrrha, a tree of the natural order Bur ser- 
acece. Myrrh contains a volatile oil, a resin (myr- 
rhin), and a gum, and is used as a stimulant tonic 
in dyspepsia, pulmonary affections, chlorosis, and 
amenorrhea. It is employed as a local application 
in various forms of stomatitis. Dose 10-30.gr. 
(0.65-2.0 Gm.). m., tincture of (tinctura myrrha, 
U. S. P.). Dose 10-30 min. (0.65-2.0 Cc). Myrrh 
is also an ingredient of mistura ferri composita, pilula 
aloes et myrrha, and tinctura aloes et myrrha. 

myrrholin (mir'-ol-in). A solution of equal parts 
of fatty oil and myrrh used as a vehicle for the 
administration of creosote. 

myrtaceous, myrtal (mir-ta'-shus, mir'-tal). Be- 
longing to or characteristic of the myrtle family. 

myrtiform (mir'-tif-orm) [myrtum, a myrtle-berry- 
forma, form]. Shaped like a myrtle-berry or myrtle; 
leaf. m. caruncles. See caruncula. m. fossa, a 
shallow pit between the edge of the pyriform aperture 
of the superior maxilla above, and the sockets of the 
front teeth of the upper jaw below. 

myrtiformis (mir-te-form'-is). See depressor ala 
nasi and compressor narium under muscle. 

myrtle (mir'-tl) [pOpros, the myrtle]. A plant of 
the genus Myrtus. The leaves of Myrtus chekan are 
used in bronchitis. Dose of fiuidextract 1-3 dr. (4-12 
Cc). The leaves of Myrtus communis yield myrtol, 
which distils between 160 and 180 C. The leaves 
are used as an antiseptic dressing for wounds. Myr- 
tol is employed as an antiseptic in bronchitis, cystitis, 
and pyelitis. Dose 1-2 gr. (0.065-0.13 Gm.). 

myrtol (mir'-tol) [myrtus; oleum, oil]. A consti- 
tuent of the essential oil of Myrtus communis (see 
myrtus); it is useful in bronchitis, vaginitis, and 
urethritis, and as a sedative and antiseptic. Dose 
gtt. iv-xvj, in capsules. 

myrtus (mir'-tus). See myrtle. 

mysophobia (mi-so-fo'-be-ah) [pixros, filth; <£6/Sos, 
dread]. _ An abnormal dread of contact or of dirt. 

mytacism (mit'-as-izm). See mutacism. 

mythomania (mith-o-ma'-ne-ah) [pvdos, fiction; 
pavla, madness]. A morbid tendency to lie or to 
exaggerate. 

mytilotoxicon (mit-il-o-toks'-ik-on) [see mytilo- 
toxin]. A general name for the active agent in 
mussel-poisoning. 

mytilotoxin (mit-il-o-toks'-in) [pvriXos, mussel; 
to&kov, a poison], C6H15NO2. A poisonous leuko- 
maine found in poisonous mussel; it is similar in 
action to curara. 

mytilotoxism (mit-il-o-toks'-izm). Mussel-poison- 
ing. 

myurous (mi-u'-rus) [pvs, mouse; ovpa, a tail]. 
Tapering like the tail of the mouse; a qualification 
applied to the pulse when it is progressively growing 
feeble. 

myxa (miks'-ah) [pv£a, mucus]. Mucus. 

myxadenitis (miks-ad-en-i'-tis) [pv^a, mucus; 
adenitis]. Inflammation of a mucous gland. 

myxadenoma (miks-ad-en-o'-mah) . Synonym of 
myxoadenoma. 

myxangitis (miks-an-ji'-tis) [pv£a, mucus; kyyelov, 
vessel; ms, inflammation]. Inflammation of the 
duct of a mucous gland. 

myxasthenia (miks-as-the'-ne-ah) [pv%a, mucus; 
asthenia]. Overdryness of the mucosa or impairment 
of the power to secrete mucus. 

myxedema, myxoedema (miks-e-de'-mah) [pi£a, mu- 
cus; edema]. A disorder of nutrition in which the 
subcutaneous tissue, especially of the face and hands, 
becomes infiltrated with a mucin-like substance, giv- 
ing rise to a pale, edematous swelling, which does not 
pit on pressure. It is associated with dulness of the 
intellect, slow monotonous speech, muscular weak- 
ness, tremors, and absence of sweating. It is thought 
to be due to atrophy or degeneration of the thyroid 
gland, a view that gains strength from the facts that a 
similar condition to that of myxedema is produced 
in animals by the removal of the thyroid gland 
(cachexia strumipriva) , and that the administration 
of thyroid gland in myxedema produces a. marked 



MYXEDEMATOID 



593 



MYZESIS 



amelioration of symptoms. In individuals in whom 
the thyroid gland is congenitally diseased or absent 
a state resembling myxedema is likely to develop; 
this is known as cretinism. 

myxedematoid (miks-e-de' -mat-oid) [p.v£a, mucus; 
otirniCL, edema; eldos, like]. Resembling myxedema. 

myxedematous (miks-e-dem'-at-us) [myxedema]. 
Pertaining to, affected with, or of the nature of 
myxedema. 

myxemia, myxaemia (miks-e'-me-ah) \jxv£a, mucus; 
al/ia, blood]. An accumulation of mucin in the blood. 

myxeurysma (miks-u-riz'-mah) [/ui>£a, mucus; 
tvpweiv, to widen]. Cavernous lymphangioma. 

myxiosis (miks-e-o'-sis) [p.v£a, mucus]. A mucous 
discharge. 

myxo- (miks-o-) [jiv^a, mucus]. A prefix meaning 
relating to mucus or mucoid. 

myxoadenoma (miks-o-ad-en-o'-mah) [myxo-; ad- 
enoma). An adenoma that has in part undergone 
myxomatous degeneration; an adenoma of a mucous 
gland. 

Myxobolus cyprini (miks-ob'-ol-us, sip-ri'-ni). A 
pathogenic protozoon belonging to the sporozoa; 
it produces pox disease in carp. 

myxochondrofibrosarcoma (miks-o-kon-dro-fi-bro- 
sar-ko'-mah). A myxochondroma containing fibrous 
and sarcomatous elements. 

myxochondroma (miks-o-kon-dro'-mah) [myxo- ; 
chondroma]. A tumor containing mucous and 
cartilaginous tissue. 

myxochondrosarcoma (miks-o-kon-dro-sar-ko'-mah) 
[myxo-; x°"5p°s, cartilage; <r&p£, flesh; bp.a, tumor]. 
A mixed tumor containing myxomatous and carti- 
laginous tissue and embryonal connective tissue. 

Myxococcidium stegomyiae (miks-o-kok-sid'-e-um 
steg-o-mi'-i-e). A protozoon found in the body of 
the mosquito, Stegomyia calopus, and believed to be 
the microorganism causing yellow-fever. 

myxocylindroma (miks-o-sil-in-dro'-mah) [myxo-; 
Kv\i.v8pos, cylinder; 6p.a, tumor]. A myxomatous 
sarcoma in which the myxomatous tissue is disposed 
in the meshes of the sarcoma. 

myxocystitis (miks-o-sis-ti'-tis) [myxo-; kv<ttis, 
bladder; wis, inflammation]. Inflammation of the 
mucous membrane of the bladder. 

myxocystoma (miks-o-sist-o'-mah). A cystoma 
containing mucous elements. 

myxodermia (miks-o-der'-me-ah) [myxo-; bkpy.a, 
skin]. Softening of the skin. 

myxodes (miks-o'-dez) [myxo-; elSos, like]. Re- 
sembling mucus. 

myxcedema (miks-e-de'-mah) . See myxedema. 

myxoendothelioma (miks - o-en - do-the-le-o' -mah) 
[myxo-; ev8oi>, within; 0*7X17, a nipple; 5p.a, tumor: 
pi., myxoendotheliomata]. An endothelioma that 
contains myxomatous tissue. 

myxofibroma (miks-o-fi-bro'-mah) [myxo-; fibroma]. 
A fibroma that has in part undergone myxomatous 
degeneration. 

myxofibrosarcoma (miks-o-fi-bro-sar-ko'-mah) . A 
tumor made up of myxomatous, sarcomatous, and 
fibromatous elements. 



myxoglioma (miks-o-gli-o'-mah) [myxo-; glioma]. 
A glioma with myxomatous degeneration. 

myxoid (miks'-oid) [myxo-; eldos, like]. Like 
mucus. 

myxoidedema, myxoidoedema (miks-oid-e-de'-mah). 
A severe form of influenza. 

myxoinoma (miks-o-in-o'-mah) [myxo-; Is, a fiber; 
6p.a, a tumor]. A benign form of inoma with myxo- 
matous elements. 

myxolipoma (miks-o-lip-o'-mah) [myxo-; lipoma]. 
A fatty tumor that has in part undergone myxo- 
matous change. 

myxoma (miks-o' -mah) [myxo-; 611a, tumor]. A 
connective-tissue tumor after the type of the jelly 
of Wharton of the umbilical cord. It consists of 
a gelatinous, mucin-containing, intercellular sub- 
stance, in which are scattered peculiar branched or 
stellate cells, m., cystic, m., cystoid, one containing 
parts so fluid as to resemble cysts, m., hyaline, a 
translucent form consisting almost wholly of mucous 
tissue, m., medullary, one containing many cells 
and presenting a white, opaque, pith-like appear- 
ance, m., telangiectatic, m. telangiectodes, m., 
vascular, a myxoma characterized by a highly vascu- 
lar structure. 

myxomatous (miks-o' -mat-us) [myxoma]. Of the 
nature of, or pertaining to, myxoma, m. degenera- 
tion, mucoid degeneration. It attacks epithelium 
and connective tissue, giving rise to the production 
of. a gelatinous substance containing mucin. In 
epithelial tissue the cells are affected; in connective 
tissue, the intercellular substance. 

myxomycetes (miks-o-mi-se' -tez) [myxo-; p.vktjs, 
fungus]. A group of ameboid microorganisms be- 
lieved at one time to be vegetable, now known to be 
animal in nature. 

myxoneuroma (miks-o-nu-ro'-mah) [myxo-; neu- 
roma]. 1. A glioma. 2. A neuroma with mucous 
elements. 

myxoneurosis (miks-o-nu-ro'-sis) [myxo-; neurosis]. 
A neurosis which, as a functional disturbance, causes 
an abnormal secretion of mucus, m. intestinalis 
membranacea, . intestinal catarrh combined with 
secretion of mucus of nervous origin. 

myxopapilloma (miks-o-pap-il-o'-mah). Papilloma 
with mucous elements. 

myxorrhea, myxorrhcea (miks-or-e'-ah) [myxo- ; poLa, 
a flow]. A copious mucous discharge. 

myxosarcoma (miks-o- sar-ko' -mah) [myxo-; sar- 
coma], A sarcoma that has in part undergone 
myxomatous degeneration. 

myxospore (miks'-o-spor) [myxo-; cnvopos, seed]. 
A spore produced in the midst of a gelatinous mass 
without a distinct ascus or basidium. 

Myxosporidia (miks-o-spor-id'-e-ah) [myxo-; awopos, 
seed]. A group or order of Sporozoa found as para- 
sitic bodies in the muscles and epithelial cells of 
fishes; they produce a psorospermosis which is. fre- 
quently widespread and destructive. 

myzesis (mi-ze'-sis) [pv£eiv, to suck]. Synonym 
of sucking. 



N 



N. The chemical symbol for nitrogen. 

n. The symbol for index of refraction; also ab- 
breviation for nasal, normal. 

Na. Chemical symbol for sodium (natrium). 

N. A. Abbreviation of numerical aperture. 

Nabothian cysts, N. ovules (nah-bo'-the-an) 
[Martin Naboth, German anatomist, 1675-1721]. 
Small retention cysts formed by the Nabothian folli- 
cles. N. follicles, N. glands, the mucous follicles of 
the cervix uteri about the external os. N. menor- 
rhagia, a discharge from the pregnant uterus of thin 
mucous that accumulates as the result of excessive 
secretion of the uterine glands. Syn., hydrorrhea 
gravidarum. 

nacra (na'-krah). See nakra. 

nacre (na'-ker) [Ar., nakir, hollowed out]. Mother- 
of-pearl. 

nacreous (na'-kre-us) [Ar., nakir, hollowed out]. 
Resembling nacre or mother-of-pearl. 

Naegele's obliquity (na'-gel-eh) [Franz Karl 
Naegele, German obstetrician, 1778-1851]. Bipari- 
etal obliquity; the lateral inclination of the fetal 
head, at the superior pelvic strait, which brings the 
sagittal suture nearer to the sacral promontory. 
N.'s pelvis, the obliquely contracted pelvis; ankylosis 
of the sacroiliac synchondrosis of one side, with im- 
perfect development of the sacrum on the corre- 
sponding side. 

naevoid (ne'-void). See nevoid. 

nsevose (ne'-vos). See nevose. 

naevus (ne'-vus). See nevus. 

naftalan (naf ' -tal-an) . An antiseptic, deodorant 
substance consisting of a Russian naphtha (97 %) 
and hard soap (3 %). It is used in skin diseases, 
burns, ulcers, and rheumatism. 

nagana, n'gana, nygana (nag-ah'-nah) [African]. 
A disease of animals due to Trypanosoma Brucei, 
which is transmitted by the tsetse-fly. 

nail (ndl) [AS., ncegel]. The horny structure 
covering the dorsal aspect of the terminal phalanx 
of each finger and toe. It consists of intimately 
united horny epithelial cells derived from the stratum 
lucidum of the epidermis, n.-bed, a vascular tissue, 
corresponding to the corium and the stratum Mal- 
pighii of the skin, in which a nail rests, n.-culture, 
a term applied in bacteriology to a stab-culture 
showing a growth along the needle-track, and on the 
surface a button-like projection, giving the appear- 
ance of a nail driven into the gelatin, n.-fold, the 
portion of epidermis that covers the root and edges 
of the nail, n., hang-. See hangnail, n., ingrowing, 
n., ingrown, an overlapping of the nail by the flesh, 
from pressure, attended with ulceration, n.-matrix, 
the proximal end of the nail-bed; the structure from 
which the nail grows, n., parrot-beak, a nail curved 
like a parrot's beak, n., reedy, one marked with 
furrows, n., turtle-back, a nail curved in all direc- 
tions; a condition seen in certain trophic disturbances. 

nailers' consumption. See siderosis. 

Naja (nah'-jah) [noya, the Ceylon name]. 1. A 
genus of serpents of the family Elapidce. 2. A 
homeopathic preparation of cobra venom. N. 
tripudians, the cobra (q. v.). 

naked (na'-ked). Unclothed; nude. n. eye, the 
eye unaided by a magnifying instrument. 

nakra (na'-krah) [Beng.]. A Bengalese disease 
resembling influenza. 

namangitis (nam-an-ji'-tis). Synonym of lymph- 
angitis. 

nameless crime. The name given to perversion 
of the genetic instinct, by which sexual gratification 
is secured in other than the normal way, as by buccal 
or anal coitus, etc. 

nanism (na'-nizm) [nanus]. Abnormal smallness 
of size from arrested development. Dwarfishness. 

nanocephalia (na-no-sef-a'-le-ah) [vivos, dwarf; 
K€<t>a\rj, head]. The condition of being nanocepha- 
lous. 



nanocephalous (na-no-sef'-al-us) [nanus; Kt<t>akr), 
head]. Possessing a dwarfed head. 

nanocephalus (na-no-sef'-al-us) [vivos, dwarf; 
ice<j>a\r), head]. A fetus with a dwarfed head. 

nanocormia, nanocormus (na-no-kor'-me-ah, na- 
no-kor'-mus) [vivos, dwarf; nopiibs, trunk]. 1. A 
monstrosity possessing a dwarfed trunk. 2. A 
dwarfed condition of the trunk. 

nanoid (na'-noid) [nanus; eldos, like]. Dwarf-like, 
nanomelia, nanomelus (na-no-me' -le-ah, na-nom'- 
el-us) [nanus; nk\os, a limb]. A monster charac- 
terized by undersized limbs. 

nanosoma, nanosomia (na-no-so'-mah, na-no-so'- 
me-ah) [vivos, dwarf; auna, body]. See microsomia, 
nanism. 

nanosomus (na-no-so'-mus) [vivos, dwarf; aufia, 
body]. One dwarfed in body. 

nanous (nan' -us). Dwarfed, stunted. 
nanus (na'-nus) [vivos, a dwarf]. 1. A dwarf. 
2. Dwarfed; stunted. 

nape (nap) [ME]. The back part of the neck; 
the nucha. 

napelline (na-pel'-en) [napellus, dim. of napus, a 
turnip], G>6H39NOii. An alkaloid of Aconitum 
napellus. It is an anodyne and antineuralgic. 
Dose i-\ gr. (0.01-0.03 Gm.). 

napellus (na-pel'-us) [L., dim. of napus, a turnip]. 
Aconitum napellus, q. v. 

napha (na'-fah) [L.] % Orange-blossoms, 
naphtalan (naf -tal-an). Same as naftalan. 
naphtha (naf'-thah) [va<j>9a, from Ar., naft, naphtha]. 
1. Formerly, any strong-smelling, inflammable, 
volatile liquid. 2. A colorless, inflammable oil 
distilled from petroleum, bituminous shale, etc. 
n., coal-tar, a volatile mixture distilled from coal- 
tar and containing benzene, toluene, xylene, and 
similar hydrocarbons, n., petroleum, the more 
volatile part of petroleum collected during distillation 
and known as crude naphtha, or again separated by 
distillation into gasolene, benzene, and refined 
naphtha, n.-salicin, a disinfecting solution said to 
contain salicylic acid, naphthol, and borax, n., 
shale, naphtha distilled from bituminous shale. 
n. vitrioli, ethylic ether. n., wood-, methyl- 
alcohol. 

naphthalan (naf'-thal-an). A substance obtained 
from the distillation of a variety of naphtha. It is 
used as a protective dressing. 

naphthalene, naphthalin (naf -thai- en, naf-thal-in) 
[naphtha]. Naphthalinum (U. S. P.), CioH s . A 
hydrocarbon crystallizing in large, silvery, rhombic 
plates, slightly soluble in hot, but insoluble in cold, 
water, though easily soluble in methyl- and ethyl- 
alcohols, chloroform, ether, and benzene. It is an 
antiseptic, and is used in intestinal putrefaction, in 
typhoid fever, etc.; locally, in scabies and pruritus. 
Dose 5-10 gr. (0.32-0.65 Gm.). 
naphthalol (naf -thal-ol) . See betol. 
naphthocresol (naf-tho-kre'-sol). A brown, tarry, 
antiseptic liquid, insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol; 
used the same as creolin. 

naphthof ormin (nap-tho-form'-in) . A condensation- 
product of naphthol, formaldehyde and ammonia. 
It is used as an application in skin diseases. 

naphthol, naphtol (naf-thol, naf-tol), C10H7, OH. 
A substance found in coal-tar and prepared arti- 
ficially from alphanaphthol. It exists in two isomeric 
forms, alphanaphthol and betanaphthol, and occurs 
in the form of pale, buff-colored crystals. Beta- 
naphthol (U. S. P.) is employed in dyspepsia and as 
an intestinal antiseptic in diarrhea, typhoid fever, 
etc. Locally it is used in eczema, prurigo, herpes, 
favus, etc. Dose 5-10 gr. (0.32-0.65 Gm.). n.- 
aristol, n.-diiodide. See diiodobetanaphthol. n.- 
eucalyptol, a compound of alphanaphthol or beta- 
naphthol and eucalyptol; it is used as a surgical 
antiseptic. 

naphtholate (naf -thol-at) . A naphthol compound 



NAPHTHOLISM 



595 



NASOBUCCAL 



in which a base replaces the hydrogen atom in the 
hydroxyl. 

naphtholism (naf'-thol-izm). - Poisoning from con- 
tinued external application of naphthol; it is marked 
by nephritis, hematuria, and eclampsia. 

naphtholum {naf -thol-um) . Betanaphthol. 

naphthopyrine {naf-tho-pi'-rin). A molecular 
compound obtained by the prolonged trituration of 
betanaphthol with twice its weight of antipyrine. 

naphthoquinone {naf-tho-kwin'-on), C10HSO2. A 
crystalline substance formed by oxidation of naph- 
thalin. 

naphthosalol (naf-tho-sa'-lol). See betol. 

naphthoxol {naf-thoks'-ol). An antiseptic fluid 
consisting of a 3 % solution of hydrogen dioxide, 
32 to 38 % alcohol, and 2 % naphthol. 

naphthyl {naf'-thil), C10H7. The radical of naph- 
thalene. 

naphthylamine {naf-thil'-a-min), CicHz . NH2. A 
crystallizable substance turning red in the air. 

naphtol (naf'-tol). Same as naphthol. 

napiform {na'-pif-orm) [napus, a turnip; forma, 
form]. Turnip-shaped. 

narceine (nar'-se-en) [vapni), numbness], C23H29NO9. 
An alkaloid contained in opium. It is sparingly 
soluble in water and alcohol, and forms fine, silky, 
inodorous, bitter crystals. It is used as a substitute 
for morphine. Dose \ gr. (0.016 Gm,). n. hydro- 
chloride, C23H29NO9 . HCI+2H2O, an acid substance 
forming colorless needles freely soluble in water and 
alcohol. It is used as a hypnotic in doses of £-3 gr. 
(0.01-0.2 Gm.). n. meconate, C23H29NO9 . C7H4O7, 
yellow crystals soluble in water. It is used as a 
sedative. Subcutaneous dose T y-§ gr. (0.006-0.025 
Gm.). n., reaction for (Arnold's), upon heating the 
substance containing narceine with concentrated 
sulphuric acid and a trace of phenol a reddish colora- 
tion results, n. valerianate, C23H29NO9 . C5HK1O2, 
a greenish-white, unstable powder, soluble in alcohol 
or hot water; decomposes on exposure. It is used as 
a sedative in mania, hysteria, etc. 

narcism (nar'-sizm) [Narcissus, a Greek mytho- 
ogical character who fell in love with his own image 
reflected in a fountain]. Observation of one's own 
naked body, with voluptuous ideas. 

narcissine {nar-sis'-en), C16H17O4N. An alkaloid 
obtained from the bulb of Narcissus pseudonarcissus, 
the common daffodil. It is a stable crystalline alka- 
loid, insoluble in water. 

narco- {nar-ko-) [vapn-q, numbness]. A prefix 
meaning relating to narcosis, numbness, or stupor. 

narcohypnia {nar-ko-hip'-ne-ah) [narco-; virvos, 
sleep]. Waking numbness; a peculiar state in which 
the patient has a sense of numbness on awaking. 

narcolepsy (nar'-ko-lep-se) [narco-; epilepsy]. An 
uncontrollable tendency to attacks of deep sleep of 
short duration. It has been observed in epilepsy 
and other affections. 

narcoleptic {nar-ko-lep'-tik) [narco-; \anP6.veiv, 
to seize]. Affected with narcolepsy. 

narcoma {nar-ko' -mah) [see narcosis]. Stupor 
from the use of a narcotic. 

narcomania {nar-ko-ma' -ne-ah) [narco-; vavla, 
madness]. 1. Insanity characterized by stupor. 
2. Insanity from use of narcotics. 3. A morbid 
craving for narcotics. 

narcomaniac {nar-ko-ma' -ne-ak). One affected 
with narcomania. 

narcomatous {nar-ko' -mat-us) [vapai), stupor]. 
Pertaining to, affected with, or of the nature of, 
narcoma. 

narcopepsia, narcopepsis (nar-ko-pep'-se-ah, nar- 
ko-pep'-sis) [narco-; irtyis, digestion]. Slow or torpid 
digestion. 

narcophine (nar'-ko-fen). Trade name of a com- 
bination of morphine meconate and narcotine me- 
conate; it resembles pantopon in its action, and is 
said to contain about 30 per cent, of morphine. 

narcose (nar'-kos) [narcosis]. In a condition of 
stupor. 

narcosis {nar-ko' -sis) [vapKovv, to benumb]. The 
state of complete unconsciousness produced by a 
narcotic drug or an anesthetic, n., medullary, anes- 
thesia by cocainization of the spinal cord. 

narcospasm {nar'-ko-spazm) [narco-; spasm]. 
Spasm accompanied by stupor. 

narcotic {nar-kot'-ik) [see narcosis], 1. Producing 
stupor. 2. A drug that produces narcosis. 

narcoticoacrid, narcoticoirritant {nar-kot-ik-o-ak'- 
.rid, nar-kot-ik-o-ir' -it-ant) . See acronarcotic. 



narcotile {nar'-kot-ll). A mixture of chlorides of 
methyl and ethyl; intended for a general anesthetic. 

narcotine {nar'-kot-en) [see narcosis], C22H23NO7. 
An alkaloid of opium, separated from morphine by 
potassium hydroxide. It crystallizes from alcohol 
in shining prisms, and melts at 1 76 C. It is sudorific 
and antipyretic, but has no narcotic effects. Dose 
i-3 gr. (0.06-0.2 Gm.). 

narcotism {nar' -kot-izm) [see narcosis]. The 
condition resulting from the use of a narcotic. 

narcotize {-iar'-ko-tiz) [see narcosis]. To put 
under the influence of a narcotic; to render uncon- 
scious by means of a narcotic. 

nard [vapf,os, nard]. See spikenard. 

naregamia {nar-eg-a'-me-ah) [E. Ind.]. Goanese 
ipecacuanha; the bark of N . alata, having properties 
due to an alkaloid, naregamine. 

naregamine {nar -eg' -am- en) [naregamia]. An alka- 
loid contained in Naregamia alata. 

nares {na'-rez). Plural of naris. 

nargol {nar'-gol). A preparation of silver and 
nucleinic acid used in the local treatment of gonorrhea 
and conjunctivitis. 

narinjin {na-rin'-jin) [Sanskrit, narinji, the 
orange], C23H26O12 +4H2O, or C23H2SO12+5H2O. A 
glucoside from the blossoms of Citrus decumana, the 
grape : fruit or pomelo tree. 

naris {na'-ris) [L.; pi., nares]. A nostril. One of 
a pair of openings at the anterior part {anterior nares) 
o: at the posterior part {posterior nares) of the nasal 
fossae. 
• narry {nar'-e) [Mongolian]. Alcoholic gastritis. 

nasal {na'-zal) [nasus, the nose]. Pertaining to 
the nose. n. artery. See under artery, n. bones, 
the two small bones forming the arch of the nose. 
n. capsule, the embryonic cartilage which becomes 
the nose. n. catarrh, catarrh of the nasal mucous 
membrane; coryza. n. duct. See under duct. 
n. eminence. See eminence, nasal, n. fossa?, the 
cavities of the nose. n. ganglion, the sphenopalatine 
ganglion, n labyrinth, the irregular cavity formed 
by the turbinal bones in the nasal passages, n. 
line. See Salle's {de) line. n. nerve. See under 
nerve, n. spine. 1. A sharp process descending^ in 
the middle line from the inferior surface of the frontal 
bone between the superior maxillae. 2. The in- 
ferior sharp edge of the nasal crest of the superior 
maxilla. Syn., anterior nasal spine. 3. The promi- 
nence formed by the junction in the median line of 
the elevations upon the posterior internal adjoining 
margins of the palatal plate of the palate bones. 
n. voice, a peculiar muffled timbre of the voice, 
especially marked in cases of perforation of the 
palate. 

nasalis. See muscles, table of. 

nascent {nas'-ent) [nasci, to be born]. A term 
applied to gaseous substances at the moment of their 
liberation from chemical combination. 

nasen {na'-zen) [nasus, a nose]. Belonging to 
the nasal bone in itself. 

nasethmoid {na-zeth-moid) . Pertaining to the 
nasal and ethmoid bones. 

nasiform {na'-zif-orm) [nasus, nose; forma, form]. 
Shaped like the nose. 

nasioalveolar {na-ze-o-al-ve' -o-lar) . Relating to or 
connecting the nasion and the alveolar point. 

nasiobregmatic {na-ze-o-breg-mat'-ik). Pertaining 
to the nasion and the bregma. 

nasioinial {na-ze-o-in' -e-al) . Pertaining to the 
nasion and the inion. 

nasiomental {na-ze-o-men'-tal). Pertaining to or 
connecting the nasion and the mentum, 

nasion {na'-ze-on) [nasus, nose]. The median point 
of the nasofrontal suture. 

nasitis {na-zi'-tis). See rhinitis. 

Nasmyth's membrane, N.'s cuticle {naz'-mith) 
[Alexander \Nasmyth, Scotch dentist, 1847- ]. 
The epithelial membrane enveloping the enamel of 
the tooth during its development and for a short 
time after birth. Syn., cuticula dentis. 

naso- {na-zo-) [nasus, nose]. A prefix denoting 
connection with or relation to the nose. 

nasoantral {na-zo-an'-tral). Relating to the nose 
and the maxillary antrum. 

nasoantritis {na-zo-an-tri'-tis). Rhinitis com- 
bined with inflammation of the antrum of Highmore. 

nasoaural {na-zo-aw'-ral). Relating to the nose 
and ear. 

nasobuccal {na-zo-buk'-al). Relating to the nose 
and cheek. 



NASOBUCCOPHARYNGEAL 



596 



NECK 



nasobuccopharyngeal (na-zo-buk-o-far-in'-je-al) . 
Relating to the nose, cheek, and pharynx. 

nasociliary (na-zo-sil'-e-a-re). Applied to a nerve 
distributed to the nose and the ciliary body. 

nasocular (na-zok'-u-lar). Pertaining to the nose 
and the eye; nasorbital. 

nasofrontal (na-zo-fron'-tal). Pertaining to the 
nasal and the frontal bones. 

nasolabial (na-zo-la'-be-al). Pertaining to the nose 
and lip. 

nasolacrimal (na-zo-lak'-rim-al) [naso-; lacrima, 
tear]. Pertaining to the nose and the lacrimal 
apparatus, as the nasolacrimal duct. 

nasolambdoidal (na-zo-lam-doi'-dal). Relating to 
the nasal bones and the lambdoid suture, n. line. 
See Poirier's line. 

nasology (na-zol'-o-je). The study of noses. 

nasomalar (na-zo-ma'-lar). Relating to the nose 
and the malar bone. 

nasomanometer (na-zo-man-om'-et-er). A mano- 
meter supplied with tubes to introduce liquid into 
the nostrils in order to test the permeability of the 
nose. 

nasooccipital (na-zo-ok-sip'-it-al). Pertaining to 
the nose and theocciput. 

nasopalatine (na-zo-paV -at-en) . i. . Pertaining to 
both the nose and the palate, as the nasopalatine 
nerve. 2. Giving passage to the nasopalatine nerve, 
as the nasopalatine canal. 

nasopalpebral (na-zo-pal'-pe-bral) . . Relating to the 
nose and the eyelids. 

nasopharyngeal (na-zo-far-in'-je-al) [nasopharynx], 
Pertaining to both the nose and the pharynx or to 
the nasopharynx. 

nasopharyngitis (na-zo-far-in-ji'-tis) [nasopharynx; 
ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the naso^ 
pharynx. Syn., rhinopharyngitis. 

nasopharynx (na-zo-far'-inks) [naso-; <j>apvy£, 
pharynx]. The space between the posterior nares 
and a horizontal plane through the lower margin of 
the soft palate. 

nasorbital (na-zor'-bit-al). Nasal and orbital. 

nasorostral (na-zo-ros'-tral). Relating to the nose 
and the rostrum of the sphenoid bone. 

nasoscope (na'-zo-skop). A rhinoscope. 

nasoseptitis (na-zo-sep-ti'-tis). Inflammation of 
the nasal septum. 

nasosinuitis, nasosinusitis (na-zo-si-nu-i'-tis, na-zo- 
si-nus-i'-tis). Inflammation of the nasal cavities and 
accessory sinuses. 

nasoturbinal (na-zo-tur '-bin-al) . Relating to- the 
nose and the turbinal bone. 

nasrol (naz'-rol). See symphorol. 

nasta (nas'-tah) [vaaros, solid]. A fleshy tumor 
of the neck about the shoulders. 

nastin (nas'-tin). An oily solution obtained from 
a streptothrix found in leprosy, which when com- 
bined with benzoyl chloride has been used as a cure 
for leprosy. 

nasus (na'-sus) [L. : gen., nasi]. The nose. n. 
aduncus, hook nose. n. cartilagineus, the carti- 
laginous part of the nose. n. externus, the external 
nose. n. incurvus, saddle-back nose. n. osseus, 
the bony part of the nose. n. simus, pug nose. 

nasute (na'-silt) [nasus, nose]. 1. Large-nosed. 
2. Keen of scent. 

natal (na'-tl) [natalis, from nasci, to be born]. 
Native; connected with one's birth. 

natal (na'-tl) [natis, rump]. Gluteal; pertaining 
to the nates. 

Natal sore (na-taV) [Natal, a state in South 
Africa]. See furunculus orientalis. 

natality (na-tal'-it-e) [natalis, of birth]. In State 
medicine and statistics, the birth-rate. 

nataloin (na-tal'-o-in) [Natal, an African state; 
aloin], C25H2SO11. The aloin derived from Natal 
aloes. 

natant (na'-tant) [natare, to swim]. Swimming or 
floating on the surface of a liquid. 

nates (na'-tez) [natis, the buttock]. The buttocks, 
the gluteal region of the body. n. of brain, the an- 
terior pair of the corpora quadrigemina, 

natiform (nat'-if-orm) [nates, buttocks; forma, 
form]. Buttock-shaped. 

National Formulary (nash'-on-al for'-mu-lar-e). 
A collection of formulas issued by the American 
Pharmaceutical Association as a supplement to the 
United States Pharmacopoeia. 

native (na'-tiv) [nativus, born]. Of indigenous 
origin or growth; occurring in its natural state; not 



artificial, n. albumins, a class of proteins occurring 
ready-formed in the tissues. 

natrium (na'-tre-um). See sodium. 

natron (na'-tron) [At., natriln, native sodium 
carbonate]. 1. Native sodium carbonate. 2. Soda. 
3. Sodium or potassium nitrate. 

natural (nat'-u-ral) [natura, nature]. Pertaining 
to nature. Not abnormal or artificial, n. history, 
a term including a description of all the products 
and phenomena of nature, but at present generally 
restricted to the sciences of zoology and botany. 
n. philosophy, the science treating of the physical 
properties of matter at rest and in motion; now 
usually called physics. 

Nauheim treatment {now' -him) [Nauheim, a city 
in Germany]. See Schott method (2). 

naupathia (naw-pa'-the-ah) [vavs, ship; iraOos, sick- 
ness]. Seasickness. 

nausea (naw'-she-ah) [vavaia, sea-sickness]. Sick- 
ness at the stomach, with inclination to vomit. 
n., creatic, n., kreatic, morbid aversion to eating 
animal food. n. gravidarum, the morning sickness 
of pregnancy, n. marina, n. navalis, sea-sickness. 

nauseant (naw' -she-ant) [nausea]. 1. Nauseating; 
producing nausea. 2. Any agent that produces 
nausea. 

nauseating, nauseous (naw'-she-a-ting, naw'-she-us) 
[nausea]. _ Producing nausea or loathing. 

nausiosis (naw-se-o'-sis). 1. Nausea. 2. A venous 
hemorrhage in which the flow is discharged by jets. 

navel (na'-vel) [AS., nafela]. The umbilicus. 
n.-string, the umbilical cord. 

navicular (na-vik'-u-lar) [navicula, a little ship]. 
Boat-shaped, n. bone, the scaphoid bone of the 
foot. n. fossa. 1. A depression between the vaginal 
aperture and the fourchet. 2. A dilatation of the 
urethra near the glans penis. 

naviculare (na-vik-u-la'-re) [navicula]. The scaph- 
oid bone. See bones, table of. 

navicularthritis (na-vik-u-lar-thri'-tis). In veteri- 
nary practice inflammation of the navicular bone 
and contiguous tissues resulting in incomplete 
extension of the joint, tumefaction of the hoof, and 
pain. 

naviculocuboid (na-vik-u-lo-ku'-boid). Relating to 
the scaphoid and the cuboid bones. 

naviculocuneiform (na-vik-u-lo-ku-ne'-e-form) . Re- 
lating to the scaphoid and cuneiform bones. 

naviculoid (nav-ik'-u-loid) [navicula, a small boat; 
e!5os, like]. Scaphoid. 

nazeptic wool (naz-ep'-tik). Trade name of a 
preparation consisting of strands of absorbent cotton, 
medicated with menthol, phenol, eucalyptol and 
methyl salicylate, enclosed in a glass vial; it is said 
to be useful for colds, catarrh, hay fever and nasal 
irritation due to microorganisms or dust. 

Nb. Chemical symbol for the element niobium. 

Neapolitan fever (ne-ap-oV -it-an) . Malta or 
Mediterranean fever. N. ointment, blue ointment; 
mercurial ointment. 

near-point. The punctum proximum, the point 
nearest the eye at which an object can be seen dis- 
tinctly, n., absolute, that near-point for either eye 
alone at which no effort at accommodation is made. 
n., relative, that near-point for both eyes at which 
accommodation is brought into play. 

near-sight. See myopia. 

neathrosis (ne-ar-thro'-sis) [vkos, new; apdpov, a 
joint]. A new and abnormally-produced articulation, 
in the sequence of a fracture, dislocation, or disease 
of the bone. 

nebenkern (na' -ben-kern) [Ger. neben, near; kern, 
nucleus]. See paranucleus. 

nebula (neb'-u-lah) [L., a cloud or mist]. 1. A 
faint, grayish opacity of the cornea. 2. A spray, a 
liquid intended for use in an atomizer. 

nebulization (neb-u-liz-a'-shun). Same as atomiza- 
tion. 

nebulize (neb'-u-liz) [nebula, a mist or spray]. 
To convert into a spray or vapor. 

nebulizer (neb'-u-li-zer). See atomizer. 

Necator americanus (ne-ka'-tor am-er-ik-a' '-nus) . 
Same as Uncinaria Americana; hookworm. 

neck (nek) [AS., hnecca]. The constricted portion 
of the body connecting the head with the trunk; 
also, the narrow portion of any structure serving to 
join its parts. See also cervix, n., anatomical, the 
constricted portion of the humerus, just below the 
articular surface, serving for the attachment of the 
capsular ligament, n. band, the cervical skin lesion 



NECRECTOMY 



597 



NEEDLING 



observed in pellagra, n.-berg, the vulgar name of the 
cervical portion of the thymus gland of animals. 
See heart-berg, n., cephalic, the constricted, neck- 
like region lying between the quadrigeminum and 
the thalami. Syn., isthmus prosencephali. n., 
Derbyshire. Synonym of goiter, n., Madelung's, 
diffuse lipoma of the neck, n., Nithsdale, goiter. 
n., surgical, the constricted part of the humerus just 
below the tuberosities, n., wry-. Synonym of torti- 
collis. 

necrectomy (nek-rek'-to-me) [necro-; Iktop-v, ex- 
cision]. The excision of the necrotic conductors of 
sound in chronic purulent otitis media; in a more 
general sense, any removal of necrosed material by a 
cutting operation. 

necremia, necraemia {nek-re' -me-ah) [veKpos, dead; 
alua, blood]. Death of the blood; a condition marked 
by loss of vitality in the corpuscles and a tendency 
not to run together. 

necrencephalus (nek-ren-sef'-al-us) [necro-; eyKk<*>- 
a\os, brain]. Softening of the brain. 

necro- (nek-ro-) [veKpos, dead]. A prefix signifying 
death. 

necrobacillosis (nek-ro-bas-il-o'-sis). A disease of 
animals caused by Bacillus necrophorus. 

necrobiosis (nek-ro-bi-o'-sis) [necro-; (iLos, life]. 
Molecular death of tissue. 

necrobiotic (nek-ro-bi-ot'-ik) [necro-; Bios, life]. 
Pertaining to or causing necrobiosis. 

necrocedia (nek-ro-se'-de-ah) [necro-; Ktjdos, care]. 
The processof embalming. 

necrocomium (nek-ro-ko'-me-um) . See morgue. 

necrocytosis (nek-ro-si-to'-sis) [necro-; kvtos, a 
cell]. Death or loss of vitality of the cells. 

necrocytotoxin (nek-ro-si-to-toks'-in). A toxin 
produced by the death of cells. 

necrodermatitis (nek-ro-der-mat-i'-tis) [necro- ; 
ikpixa, skin; iris, inflammation]. A gangrenous 
inflammation of the skin. 

necrodochium (nek-ro-do'-ke-um). See morgue. 

neurogenic (nek-ro-jen'-ik) [necro-; yewa-v, to beget]. 
Originating from dead substances. 

necrology (nek-roV -o-je) [necro-; \6yos, science]. 
Tabulated mortality statistics. 

necromania (nek-ro-ma'-ne-ah) [necro-; navla, 
madness]. I. A morbid desire for death or for the 
presence of dead bodies. 2. See necrophilism. 

necrometer (nek-rom'-et-er) [necro-; pkrpov, a 
measure]. An instrument for weighing organs at an 
autopsy. 

necromimesis (nek-ro-mim-e'-sis) [necro-; nip.i)ais, 
mimicry]. 1. The insane delusion of one who 
believes himself to»be dead. 2. Simulation of death 
by a deluded person. 

necronectomy (nek-ron-ek' -to-me) [necro-; wto/xti, 
excision]. The excision of a necrotic part — applied 
especially to the excision of the necrotic ossicles of 
the ear. 

necroparasite (nek-ro-par'-as-U) [necro; parasite]. 
A saprophyte, q. v. 

necrophagous (nek-rof -ag-us) [necro-; 4>ayelv, to 
eat]. A term applied to those animals that feed on 
dead or putrid flesh. Carrion-eaters. 

necrophile (nek'-ro-fil) [necro-; 4>iheiv, to love]. 
One who violates dead bodies. 

necrophilia (nek-ro-fil' '-e-ah) . 1. See necrophilism. 
2. A longing for death. 

necrophilism (nek-roff'-il-izm) [necro-; 4>CKelv, to 
love]. A form of sexual perversion in which dead 
bodies are violated; insane sexual desire for a corpse. 

necrophilous (nek-rof -il-us). Subsisting on dead 
matter. 

necrophobia (nek-ro-fo'-be-ah) [necro-; <f>68os, fear]. 

1. Insane dread of dead bodies, or of phantoms. 

2. Thanatophobia; extreme dread of death. 
necropneumonia (nek-ro-nu-mo' -ne-ah) . Gangrene 

of the lung. 

necropsy (nek'-rop-se) [necro-; 61/as, sight]. The 
examination of a dead body; autopsy; postmortem 
examination. 

necroscopic (nek-ro-skop'-ik) [necro-; trKoirelv, to 
view]. Pertaining to necroscopy. 

necroscopy (nek-ros'-ko-pe) [necro-; <jko-kHv, to 
inspect]. Postmortem examination of the body. 

necrose (nek-roz 1 ) [venpos, dead]. To become 
affected with necrosis; to cause necrosis. 

necrosemiotic (nek-ro-sem-e-ot'-ik) [necro-; (nqixelov, 
sign]. Serving as a sign of death. 

necrosis (nek-ro'-sis) [i>&<p6s, dead]. The death 
of cells surrounded by living tissue. Necrosis proper 



refers to death in mass; necrobiosis to death of indi- 
vidual cells. The dead tissue is called sequestrum in 
case of bone, and sphacelus in case of soft parts. 
In surgery the term necrosis is often applied speci- 
fically to the death of bone, n., Balser's fatty. 
See Balser's fat-necrosis, n., central, that in which 
the internal portions of a bone are involved, n., 
cheesy, necrosis characterized by the formation of a 
cheese-like material, n., coagulation-, n., coagula- 
tive, a variety characterized by the formation of 
fibrin, n., colliquative. See n., liquefactive. n., 
embolic, coagulation-necrosis in an anemic infarct 
following embolism, n., endoglobular (of Maragliano 
and Castellani), the degenerative decoloration of 
erythrocytes, giving rise to shadow corpuscles, 
"phantoms," or achromacytes. See achromacyte. 
n., fat-, a type of necrosis following fatty degenera- 
tion, reducing the entire structure to a fatty emulsion. 
n. infantilis, cancrum oris, n., liquefactive, a process 
analogous to coagulation-necrosis, bu% instead of 
fibrin the peculiar reaction of fluids and cells gives 
rise to the formation of a liquid, n., mercurial, a 
necrosis of bones due to chronic poisoning with 
mercury, n., moist, that in which the dead tissue 
is moist and soft, n., phosphorus-, a necrosis of 
bone, especially of the lower jaw, occurring in those 
exposed to the fumes of phosphorus, n., superficial, 
a necrosis in which the portion of bone just beneath 
the periosteum is affected, n., total, a form in which 
the bone through its entire thickness is necrotic, 
n. ustilaginea, dry gangrene from ergotism. 

necrosozoic (nek-ro-so-zo'-ik) [necro-; au^eiv, to 
preserve]. Having power to preserve or to embalm. 

necrospermia (nek-ro-sperm'-e-ah) [necro-; awkpp.a, 
seed]. Impotence due to loss of motility in the 
spermatozoa. 

necrosteon (nek-ros' -te-on) [necro-; barkov, bone]. 
Necrosis of bone. 

necrotic {nek-rot' -ik) [necrosis]. Pertaining to or 
characterized by necrosis. 

necrotomic (nek-ro-tom'-ik) [necro-; to/jltj, a cutting]. 
Pertaining to necrotomy. 

necrotomy (nek-rof -o-me) [necro-; row, a cutting]. 
1. The dissection of a dead body. 2. The excision 
of necrotic bone or other tissue. 

nectandra (nek-tan' -dr ah) [vkurap, nectar; avr\p, 
a male]. A tree of the order Laurinece. The bark 
of Nectandra rodicei (nectandrce cortex, B. P.) contains 
tannic acid, resin, sugar, albumin, various salts and 
two alkaloids, beberine and sipirine. It is tonic, 
astringent, and febrifuge, and has been used in 
malarial fevers, but is not so good an antiperiodic 
as cinchona. Dose 20 gr.-i dr. (1.3-4.0 Gm.). 
The root of N. cymbarum, of Brazil, is roborant; 
the balsamic oil from the bark is tonic, antispasmodic, 
diuretic, emmenagogue, and diaphoretic, and is 
also applied to ulcers. N. pichury -major, and N. 
pichury-minor, of Brazil, furnish seeds which are 
used in diarrhea and dysentery; they contain fat, an 
ethereal oil, and safrol. 

nectareous (nek-ta'-re-us) [nectar]. Agreeable to 
the taste. 

nectary (nek'-tar-e) [vkKrap, nectar: pi., nectaries]. 
In biology, that part of a flower which secretes 
nectar. 

nectrianin (nek-tri'-an-in). A proposed remedy for 
cancer, said to be an extractive of the fungus Nectria 
ditissima, growing upon old trees. 

needle (ne'-dl) [AS., ncedl]. A sharp-pointed steel 
instrument used for sewing and for penetrating tissues 
for the purpose of carrying a ligature through, n., 
aneurysm-, one fixed on a handle, and with the 
eye at the point, especially adapted for ligating 
vessels, n., cataract-, one for operating upon the 
cataractous lens or its capsule, n., discission-, one 
for insertion through the cornea, and breaking the 
capsule and substance of the crystalline lens, n., 
exploring, a grooved, sharp-pointed rod introduced 
into a cavity or a part for the purpose of determining 
the presence of fluid, n., Hagedorn's, a flat suture 
needle curved on its edge, with the eye perforating 
the side, n.-holder, a handle for clasping a needle. 
n., hypodermic, the fine, needle-pointed metallic 
tube attached to the barrel of the hypodermatic 
syringe, n., knife, one that has a sharp cutting- 
edge; it is used in the discission of cataracts. 

needling (ne'-dling) [needle]. The process of 
lacerating a cataract with a needle, to afford entrance 
to the aqueous humor and cause absorption of the 
lens. 



NEEF'S HAMMER 



598 



NEOSPORIDIA 



Neef's hammer (naf). An automatic arrange- 
ment for opening and breaking the current in an 
inductorium. 

nefrens (ne'-frenz) [ne, not; frendere, to gnash the 
teeth]. Without teeth; edentate, whether nurslings 
or aged persons. PI., nefrendes. 
Neftel's disease. See atremia (2). 
negative (neg'-at-iv) [negare, to deny]. 1. Deny- 
ing; contradicting; opposing. 2. Of quantities, less 
than nothing. 3. In physics, opposed to a quality 
termed positive, n. accommodation, the absence of 
active accommodation; the state of the eye at rest, 
or when looking at an object at an infinite distance. 
n. blood-pressure, pressure which is less than that 
of the atmosphere. It exists in the large veins near 
the heart, owing to the aspirating action of the 
thorax, n. chemotaxis, the absence of the power of 
attracting leukocytes and wandering cells, or their 
actual repulsion, n. electricity, static or frictional 
electricity, n. electrode, the electrode connected 
with the negative pole of a battery, n. phase, the 
temporary lessening of the amount of antitoxin in 
the serum immediately following a second inoculation. 
See opsonic index, n. pole, the pole of a source of 
electricity to which the current returns after having 
passed through a circuit outside of the source. 
n. variation of the muscle-current, a diminution in 
the strength of muscle-current during tetanic con- 
traction. 

negativism (neg'-at-iv-izm) [negare, to deny]. A 
symptom observed in some cases of so-called catatonia 
attonita, in which the patient exhibits no spontaneous 
movements, although his muscles spontaneously 
and powerfully antagonize any passive motion. 

Negri bodies (na'-gre) [Luigi Negri, Italian physi- 
cian]. Protozoon-like bodies found in the nerve- 
cells of animals suffering from rabies. 

negro lethargy {ne'-gro). The same as African 
lethargy, q. v. 

Neisseria (ni-se'-re-ah) [see Neisser's coccus]. 
A genus of diplococci characterized by their coffee- 
bean shape, the flat sides being in apposition. 

Neisser's coccus (ni'-ser) [Albert Ludwig Sieg- 
mund Neisser, German physician, 1855-1912]. 
Micrococcus gonorrhoea. 

Neisser's stain {ni'-ser) [Max Neisser, German 
bacteriologist, 1869- ]. For the nuclei of diph- 
theria bacilli. It consists of 2 parts of solution 
(a) consisting of methylene blue 1 part, alcohol 
20 parts, and one part of solution (b) consisting of 
crystal violet 1 part, absolute alcohol 10 parts, 
distilled water 300 parts. The after stain is made 
with chrysoidin. 

Nelaton's catheter (na-lah-ton(g)') [Auguste Nela- 
ton, French surgeon, 1 807-1 873]. A soft -rubber 
catheter. N.'s dislocation, upward dislocation of 
the ankle, the astragalus being wedged in between the 
tibia and fibula. N.'s fold, a transverse fold of mu- 
cosa at the junction of the middle and lower thirds of 
the rectum, about 10 to 11 centimeters above the 
anus. N.'s hematocele, hematoma of the Fallopian 
tube. N.'s line, a line drawn from the anterior 
superior spine of the ilium to the most prominent 
part of the tuberosity of the ischium; in dislocation 
of the femur backward the trochanter is always 
found above this line. N.'s operation. For amputa- 
tion through the foot: subastragaloid disarticulation 
by dorsal and plantar flaps, larger on the inner 
than on the outer side. N.'s probe, one that is 
capped with unglazed porcelain upon which a leaden 
ball makes a metallic streak. N.'s sphincter, a 
circular bundle of rectal muscular fibers situated 
from 8 to 10 centimeters above the anus, on a level 
with the prostate. It is not constant, and when 
present it generally occupies only a part of the 
circumference of the bowel. N.'s tumor, desmoid 
tumor of the abdominal wall. 

nelavan (nel'-av-an). See African lethargy. 
nematachometer (nem-at-ak-om'-et-er) [vrjfia, 
thread; t&xos, rapidity; nerpov, a measure]. An 
instrument to measure the rapidity of transmission 
of impulses in peripheral nerves. 

nemathelminth (nem-ath-eV -minth) [vij/ia, thread; 
fKiiivs, worm]. Any nematode worm. The nemathel- 
minthes (the round-worms, or thread-worms), form 
a class of vermes, many of which are endoparasitic. 

nematoblast (nem'-at-o-blast) [vrjfia, thread; pXaorbs, 
a germ]. A spermatoblast. 

Nematoda (nem-at-o'-dah) [see Nematode]. A 
genus of worms, the threadworms, some of which 



are parasitic in man and the lower animals. The 
most important of these are Anguillula, Ankylostoma, 
Ascaris, Eustrongylus, Filaria, Oxyuris, Strongylus, 
Trichina, Trichocephalus. 

nematode (nem'-at-od) [vrj/xa, thread; elSoj, like]. 
1. Thread-like; belonging to or resembling the 
Nematoda, or threadworms; applied to threadworms, 
hairworms, roundworms, pinworms. 2. The threads 
formed by a serial arrangement of the granules of 
protoplasm. 

nematoid (nem'-at-oid). See nematode (1). 

nemomena (nem-o-me'-nah) [vepteadai, to devour; 
to spread]. Perforating ulcers. 

Nencki's test for indol [Marcellus von Nencki, 
Polish physician, 1847-1901]. Treat with nitric 
acid containing nitrous acid; a red coloration results, 
and in concentrated solution a red precipitate may 
form. 

neo- [veos, new]. A prefix meaning new. 

neoarsycodil (ne-o-ar-sik'-o-dil). Sodium methyl- 
arsenite. It is used in tuberculosis. Dose ^-15 gr< 
(0.02-0.1 Gm.) for five days, then omit for five days. 

neoarthrosis (ne-o-ar-thro'-sis) [neo-; apdpov, a 
joint]. A false joint. 

neoblast (ne'-o-blast). See parablast. 

neoblastic (ne-o-blas'-tik) [neo-; pXaaros, a germ]. 
Pertaining to, or of the nature of, new tissue. 

neodermin (ne-o-der'-min). An ointment con- 
taining difluordiphenyl ; used on burns and ulcerated 
surfaces. 

neodymium (ne-o-dim'-e-um) [neo- ; SiSvfios, _ a 
twin]. According to Welsbach, a decomposition 
product of didymium forming red salts. 

neoferrum (ne-o-fer'-um). Trade name of a 
preparation said to contain iron, arsenic, manganese, 
maltine, and sherry. 

neoformation {ne-o-form-a' -shun) . See new-growth. 

neogala (ne-og'-al-ah) [neo-; yaKa, milk]. Same 
as colostrum. 

neogenesis {ne-o-jen'-e-sis) [neo-; yewav, to pro- 
duce]. Regeneration of tissues. 

neogenetic (ne-o-jen-et'-ik). Relating to neo- 
genesis; productive of new growth, n. zone. See 
under zone. 

neohymen (ne-o-hi'-meri) [neo-; \>ht)v, membrane]. 
A new or false membrane. 

neologism (ne-ol'-o-jizm) [neo-; \6yos, a word]. 
The utterance of meaningless words by the in- 
sane. 

neomembrane (ne-o-mem'-brdn). A new or false 
membrane. 

neomorphism (ne-o-mor'-fizm) [neo-; p.op<j>ri, form]. 
In biology, the development of a new form. : ' 

neon (ne'-on) [veos, new]. A gaseous element 
discovered by Ramsay and Travers in 1908; it is 
associated with liquid argon. 

neonatal (ne-o-na'-tal) [neo-; natus, born]. Per- 
taining to the newborn. 

neonatus (ne-on-a'-tus) [neo-; natus, born: gen. pl. r 
neonatorum]. One newly born. 

neopallium (ne-o-pal'-e-um) [neo-; pallium, cloak]. 
The cerebral hemisphere with the exception of the 
rhinencephalon. 

neopathy (ne-op'-ath-e) [neo-; irados, illness]. 1. A 
new or newly-discovered form of disease. 2. A 
recent complication or new condition of disease in a 
patient. 

neophilism (ne-off'-il-izm) [neo-; <t>t\elv, to love]. 
Morbid or undue love of novelty. 

neophobia (ne-o-fo'-be-ah) [neo-; <f>6(ios, fear]. 
Insane dread of new scenes or of novelties. 

neophrenia (ne-o-fren'-e-ah) [neo-; <j>pvv, mind]. 
Mental deterioration in early youth. 

neoplasia (ne-o-pla'-ze-ah) [neo-; ir\a<r<rei.v, to 
mold]. The formation of new tissue or of a tumor. 

neoplasm (ne'-o-plazm). See newgrowth. n.» 
inflammatory fungoid, mycosis fungoides. 

neoplasmatic (ne-o-plaz-mat'-ik) [neo-; ir\a<r<reiv r 
to mold]. Of the nature of neoplasm; neoplastic. 

neoplastic (ne-o-plas'-tik) [neoplasm]. Pertaining 
to, or of the nature of, a neoplasm. 

neoplasty (ne'-o-plas-te) [see neoplasm]. The 
restoration of lost tissue by a plastic operation. 

neosalvarsan (ne-o-sal'-var-san) [neo-; salvor san] r 
A name given by Ehrlich to a modification of sal- 
varsan; it forms a neutral solution in distilled water 
without the aid of any other solvent. It is also 
known a* 914. It is weaker than salvarsan, and so 
needs to be given in larger quantities. 

Neosporidia (ne-o-spo-rid' -e-ah) [neo-; airopcc. 



NEOSTOMY 



599 



NEPHROHEMIA 



seed]. A class of Sporozoa in which spores are formed 
without terminating the existence of the individual. 
4 ileostomy (ne-os'-to-me) [neo-; vrbpa, mouth]. 
The operative production of an opening into an 
organ or between two organs. 

nepenthe (ne-pen'-the) [yrjwei^ris, banishing sorrow]. 
Trade name of a deodorized preparation of opium. 

nepeta (nep'-et-ah). Catnip or catmint, from 
N. cateria; used for children when a carminative or 
mild diaphoretic is indicated. 

nephablepsia (nef-ab-lep'-se-ah) . See niphablepsia. 

nephalism {nef -al-izm) [fij4>a\iap6s, soberness]. 
Total abstinence from spirituous or alcoholic liquors. 

nephela (nef'-el-ah) [v&peK-q, cloud]. Leukoma; 
also cloudiness of the urine. 

nephelium {nef-e'-le-um). See nebula. 

nepheloid {nef'-el-oid) [ve^eXr], cloud; e!5os, like]. 
Cloudy or turbid, as the urine under certain condi- 
tions. 

nephelometer (nef-el-om'-et-er) [v«j>e\rj, cloud; 
ukrpov, measure]. An apparatus for ascertaining the 
number of bacteria in a suspension, or the turbidity 
of a fluid. 

nephelometry {nef-el-om'-et-re). The determina- 
tion of the degree of turbidity of a fluid. 

nephelopia {nef-el-o'-pe-ah) [v&f>e\y, cloud; ty, eye]. 
Cloudy or dim vision, due to some diminution of the 
transparency of the ocular media. 

nephradenoma (nef-rad-en-o'-mah) [nephrus; 6.8riv, 
gland; bpa, tumor; pi., nephradenomata]. Adenoma 
of the kidney. 

nephralgia {nef-ral'-je-ah) [nephrus; aXyos, pain]. 
Neuralgic pain in the kidney. 

nephralgic crises (nef-ral'-jik). Ureteral paroxysms 
of pain in locomotor ataxia. 

nephranuria {nef-ran-u'-re-ah) [nephrus; av, priv.; 
ovpov, urine]. Suppression of the renal secretion. 

nephrapostasis (nef-rap-os'-tas-is) [nephrus; avb- 
araais, suppurative inflammation]. Abscess, or 
suppurative inflammation, of the kidneys. 

nephrapragmonia {nef -rap-rag-mo' -ne-aK) [nephrus; 
a, priv.; irpayixuv, work]. Inactivity or torpidity of 
the kidneys. 

nephrarctia (nef-rark'-te-ak) [nephrus; arctus, from 
arcere, to bind]. Contraction of the kidney. 

nephratonia, nephratony {nef-rat-o'-ne-ah, nef-rat'- 
on-e) [nephrus; A, priv.; twos, tone]. Atony or 
paralysis of the kidneys. 

nephrauxe {nef-raw'ks'-e) [nephrus; at^rj, increase]. 
Enlargement of the kidney. 

nephrectasia {nef-rek-ta'-ze-ah) [nephrus; ecraffis, 
dilatation]. Dilatation of a kidney. 

nephrectomize {nef-rek'-to-mlz). To excise the 
kidney from. 

nephrectomy (nef-rek'-to-me) [nephrus; eKToprj, 
excision]. Excision of the kidney, n., abdominal, 
nephrectomy performed through an abdominal in- 
cision, n., lumbar, nephrectomy through an incision 
in the loin. 

nephredema {nef-re-de'-mah) [nephrus; edema]. 
Edema of the kidneys. 

nephrelcosis {nef-rel-ko'-sis) [nephrus; IXkoxtis, 
ulceration]. Ulceration of the kidney. 

nephrelcus (nef-rel'-kus) [nephrus; ekicos, an ulcer]. 
An ulcer of the kidney. 

nephremia, nephraemia (nef-re'-me-ah) [nephrus; 
alfia, blood]. Renal congestion. 

nephremorrhagia {nef-rem-or-a'-je-ah) [nephrus; 
alfia, blood; fn)yvvvai, to burst forth]. Hemorrhage 
from the kidney. 

nephremphraxis (nef-rem-fraks'-is) [nephrus; 

lAi^pofis, obstruction]. Obstruction of the vessels 
of the kidneys. 

nephresia (nef-re'-ze-ah) [ve<t>p6s, kidney]. Disease 
of the kidney. 

nephretic {nef -ret' -ik) [v«t>pbs, kidney]. Affected 
with nephresia. 

nephria (nef'-re-ah). See Bright' s disease. 

nephric (nef'-rik) [nephrus]. Pertaining to the 
kidney; renal. 

nephridia {nef-rid' -e-ah). Plural of nephridium. 

nephridion {nef-rid' -e-on) . Same as nephridium. 

nephridium {nef-rid' -e-um) [dim. of v&f>p6s, kidney]. 
1. The fat about the kidneys. 2. The suprarenal 
capsule. 3. A Wolffian tubule. 

nephrin, nephrina {nef'-rin, nef-ri'-nah). See cystin. 

nephrism {nef'-rizm) [nephrus]. The grave con- 
dition of patients suffering from pronounced or 
advanced disease of the kidney. 

nephritic {nef-rit'-ik) [see nephritis]. 1. Pertaining 



to nephritis. 2. Improperly, pertaining to the kid- 
ney; the correct term is nephric. 

nephritides {nef-rW -id-ez) . The plural of neph- 
ritis; a term embracing the various forms of nephritis. 

nephritis {nef-ri'-tis) [nephrus; ms, inflammation]. 
Inflammation of the kidney, n. caseosa, cheesy 
degeneration of the kidney, n., diffuse, that in- 
volving both epithelial and connective-tissue elements 
of the kidney, n., glomerular, glomerulonephritis. 
n., interstitial, that involving the connective tissue 
chiefly; it may be acute or chronic, n., interstitial, 
acute, a form due to septic infection either through 
the blood, as in pyemia, or through extension along 
the ureter or from neighboring structures, n., 
interstitial, chronic, a form in which the kidney 
is small and hard, the capsule is adherent, the surface 
is granular and marked by cysts. The cortex is 
diminished in thickness. Syn., granular or gouty 
kidney, n., metastatic, that secondary to disease of 
another organ, n., parenchymatous, a form in 
which the inflammation affects the epithelium of the 
uriniferous tubules. Syn., catarrhal nephritis; de- 
squamative nephritis; tubular nephritis, n., paren- 
chymatous, acute, a form in which the kidney is 
enlarged, congested, its structural markings are 
obscured, the epithelium is in a state of cloudy 
swelling or fatty degeneration, and many tubules 
contain casts; in others the epithelium is desquam- 
ated. Syn., acute Bright's disease, n., parenchy- 
matous, chronic, a variety in which the kidney is 
enlarged, pale or yellow, and soft; the epithelium 
presents an advanced stage of fatty degeneration. 
Casts are often present. Syn., large white kidney. 
n., saturnine, that due to chronic lead-poisoning. 
n., scarlatinal, an acute nephritis due to scarlatina. 
n., tubal, inflammation of the renal tubes, n., 
tuberculous, that due to the presence of tubercle 
bacilli. It presents itself either in the form of 
caseating masses or cavities in the substance of the 
kidney, or as miliary tuberculosis of the organ, n., 
typhoid. See nephrotyphus. n. uratica, gouty 
kidney, partial or more diffuse interstitial nephritis 
in arthritic subjects, due to deposition of urates. 

nephro- {nef-ro-) [nephrus], A prefix meaning 
pertaining to the kidney. 

nephroabdominal {nef-ro-ab-dom'-in-aT) [nephro- ; 
abdomen]. Pertaining to the kidneys and the 
abdomen. 

nephrocapsectomy, nephrocapsulectomy {nef-ro- 
kap-sek'-to-me, nef-ro-kap-su-lek'-to-me) [nephro-; cap- 
sula, capsule; hcTop.ii, excision]. Excision of the 
capsule of the kidney. 

nephrocapsulotomy {nef-ro-kap-su-lot'-om-e). In- 
cision of the renal capsule. 

nephrocardiac {nef-ro-kar' -de-ak) [nephro-; Kapbla, 
heart]. Pertaining to the kidney and the heart. 

nephrocele {nef -ro-seV) [nephro-; kti\v, hernia]. 
Hernia of the kidney. 

nephrochalazosis {nef-ro-kal-az-o'-sis) [nephro- ; 
xaXdfcoi', nodule]. Granular kidney. 

nephrocolica {nef-ro-kol'-ik-ah) [nephro-; koKuuk, 
colic] Renal colic. 

nephrocolopexy {nef-ro-kol'-o-peks-e) [nephro-; 
k6\ov, colon; -jr^u, fixation]. The surgical anchoring 
of the kidney and colon by means of the nephrocolic 
ligament. 

nephrocoloptosis {nef-ro-ko-lop-to'-sis)^ [nephro- ; 
k6\oi>, colon; 7r7wis, fall]. Downward displacement 
of the kidney and colon. 

nephrocystanastomosis {nef-ro-sist-an-as-to-mo'- 
sis) [nephro-; kvo-tls, bladder; avaaropwats, an open- 
ing]. The surgical formation of an opening between 
the kidney and the urinary bladder. 

nephrocystitis {nef-ro-sis-ti'-tis) [nephro-; nharis, 
bladder; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of both 
bladder and kidney. 

nephrocystosis {nef-ro-sis-to'-sis) [nephro-; kvo-tis, 
cyst]. The condition of cystic kidney, or its forma- 
tion. 

nephroerysipelas {nef-ro-er-is-ip'-el-as). Simul- 
taneous erysipelas and nephritis. 

nephrogenic, nephrogenetic {nef-ro-jen'-ik, nef-ro- 
jen-et'-ik) [nephro-; yewav, to produce]. Of renal 
origin. 

nephrogenous {nef-roj'-en-us) [nephro-; ytwav, to 
beget]. Of renal origin. 

nephrography {nef-rog'-ra-fe) [nephro-; ypafaiv, to 
write]. A description of the kidneys. 

nephrohemia, nephrohaemia {nef-ro-he'-me-ah). See 
nephremia. 



NEPHROHYDROPS 



600 



NERVE 



nephrohydrops, nephrydrosis (nef-ro-hi 1 '-drops, nef- 
rid-ro' -sis) . See hydronephrosis. 

nephrohypertrophy {nef-ro-hi-pur' -tro-fe) [nephro-; 
virkp, over; rpo<j>-h, nourishment]. Hypertrophy of the 
kidney. 

nephroid (nef'-roid) [nephro-; elSos, form]. Kidney- 
shaped; reniform; resembling a kidney. 

nephrolith (nef'-ro-lith) [nephro-; \iOos, a stone]. 
A calculus of the kidney. 

nephrolithiasis (nef-ro-lith-i'-as-is) [nephro-; lithi- 
asis]. The formation of renal calculi, or the diseased 
state that leads to their formation. 

nephrolithic (nef-ro-lith'-ik) [nephro-; \L9os, stone]. 
Pertaining to, or affected with, a nephrolith. 

nephrolithocolica (nef-ro-lith-o-kol'-ik-ah) [nephro-; 
Xi'0os, stone; kwXikos, colic]. Renal colic due to stone. 

nephrolithotomy (nef-ro-lith-ot'-o-me) [nephro- ; 
lithotomy]. An incision of the kidney for the removal 
of a calculus. 

nephrologist (nef-roV -o-jist) [nephro-; X670S, sci- 
ence]. A specialist in renal diseases. 

nephrology (nef-rol'-o-je) [nephro-; \6yos, science]. 
The science of the anatomy, physiology, and diseases 
of the kidney. 

nephrolysin (nef-roV -is-in) [nephro-; Xvav, to loosen]. 
A toxic substance capable of disintegrating kidney 
•cells. 

nephrolysis {nef-rol'-is-is) [nephro-; \veiv, to loosen]. 
1. The disintegration of the kidney by the action of a 
nephrolysin. 2. The operation of loosening an in- 
flamed kidney from surrounding adhesions. 

nephrolytic {nef-ro-lit'-ik). Pertaining to nephrol- 
ysis. 

nephromalacia (nef-ro-mal-a'-se-ah) [nephro-; p,a\- 
aula, softness]. Softening, or abnormal softness, of 
the kidney. 

nephromegalia (nef-ro-meg-a'-le-ah) [nephro-; p.ky as, 
large]. Same as nephrauxe. 

nephromegaly (nef-ro-meg'-al-e). See nephro- 
megalia. 

nephromere (nef'-ro-mer) [nephro-; p.epos, part]. 
The part of the mesoblast from which the kidney is 
developed. 

nephromiosis, nephromeiosis (nef-ro-mi-o'-sis) 
{nephro-; pdw, less]. Contraction of the kidney. 

nephroncus (nef-rong'-kus) [nephro-; ojkos, tumor]. 
Tumor of the kidney. 

nephroparalysis (nef-ro-par-al'-is-is) [nephro-; par- 
alysis]. Paralysis of the kidney. 

nephroparesis (nef-ro-par'-es-is) [nephro-; paresis]. 
Same as nephroparalysis. 

nephropathy (nef-rop'-ath-e) [nephro-; vaBos, dis- 
ease]. Any disease of the kidney. 

nephropexy (nef-ro-peks-e) [nephro-; irij£is, fixa- 
tion]. Surgical fixation of a floating kidney. 

nephrophthisis (nef-rof -this-is) [nephro-; phthisis]. 
Cheesy degeneration of the kidney; it is due to the 
presence of the tubercle bacillus. 

nephroplegia (nef-ro-ple'-je-ah) [nephro-; irXrjyr), 
stroke]. Paralysis of the kidney. 

nephrophlegmasia (nef-ro-fteg-ma' -ze-ah) [nephro- ; 
<f>\eyfj.aaia, inflammation]. Any inflammation of the 
kidney. 

nephropoietin (nef-ro-poi' -et-in) [nephro-; iroielv, 
to make]. A substance supposed to stimulate 
growth of renal tissue. 

nephroptosis, nephroptosia (nef-rop-to'-sis, nef-rop- 
to'-se-ah) [nephro-; irrv<ns, a falling]. Prolapse of 
the kidney. 

nephropyelitis (nef-ro-pi-el-i'-tis) [nephro-; Pye- 
litis]. Inflammation of the pelvis of the kidney; 
pyelonephritis. 

nephropyic (nef-ro-pi'-ik) [nephro-; ttvov, pus]. 
Relating to suppuration of the kidney. 

nephropyosis {nef-ro-pi-o'-sis). Same as pyone- 
phrosis. 

nephrorrhagia {nef-ror-a'-je-ah) [nephro-; fayvbvou., 
to burst forth]. Renal hemorrhage. 

nephrorrhaphy (nef-ror'-a-fe) [nephro-; pa<pr), su- 
ture]. The stitching of a floating kidney to the 
posterior wall of the abdomen or to the loin. 

nephros (nef'-ros) [ve<j>p6s, kidney]. The kidney. 

nephrosclerosis (nef-ro-skle-ro'-sis) [nephro-; <tk\ii- 
p6s, hard]. Induration of the kidney. 

nephrosis (nef-ro'-sis) [nephrus]. Any renal disease. 

nephrospasis, nephrospasia (nef-ro-spa'-sis, nef- 
ro-spa'-se-ah) [nephro-; tnrav, to draw]. Extreme 
renal mobility in which the organ hangs by its 
pedicle, thus straining the contained vessels and 



nephrospastic (nef-ro-spas'-tik) [nephro-; a-wo-v, 
to wrench]. Pertaining to spasm of the kidney. 

nephrostegnosis (nef-ro-steg-no'-sis) [nephro-; arey- 
vqw, to cover]. A cirrhotic condition of the kidney. 

nephrostome, nephrostoma (nef'-ros-tom, nef-ros- 
to'-mah) [nephro-; <rr6p.a, a mouth]. The internal 
mouth of a Wolffian tubule. 

nephrostomy (nef-ros'-to-me) [see nephrostome]. 
The formation of a fistula leading to the pelvis of the 
kidney. 

nephrotome (nef'-ro-tom) [nephro-; r6p,os, a slice]. 
An embryonic structure from which the excretory 
ducts of the kidneys are developed; nephromere. 

nephrotomy (nef-rof -o-me) [nephro-; rop.\, a cut- 
ting]. Incision of the kidney, n., abdominal, one 
through an abdominal incision, n., lumbar, one 
through an incision in the loin. 

nephrotoxic (nef-ro-tok'-sik). 1. Pertaining to 
nephrotoxin. 2. Destructive to the kidney cells; 
nephrolytic. 

nephrotoxin (nef-ro-toks' -in) [nephro-; to£ik6v, a 
poison]. A cy to toxin which has a specific action on 
the cells of the kidney. 

nephrotriesis (nef-ro-tri-e'-sis) [nephro-; Tpirjais, 
piercing]. The operation of establishing a perma- 
nent opening in the kidney and suturing the edges of 
the kidney incision to the edges of the external inci- 
sion. 

nephrotuberculosis (nef-ro-tu-ber-ku-W -sis) . See 
nephrophthisis.^ 

nephrotyphoid (nef-ro-ti'-foid) [nephro-; typhoid]. 
Enteric fever with prominent renal complications. 

nephrotyphus (nef-ro-ti'-fus) [nephro-; typhus]. 
Typhus fever with renal hemorrhage. 

nephroureterectomy (nef-ro-u-re-ter-ek'-to-me) 

[nephro-; ureterectomy]. The excision of the kidney 
and whole ureter at one operation. 

nephrozymase (nef-ro-zi'-mas) [nephro-; $vnv> 
leaven]. A gum resembling diastase sometimes found 
in urine. 

nephrozymosis (nef-ro-zi-mo'-sis) [nephro-; zymo- 
sis]. The condition due to or favoring zymotic 
disease of the kidney. 

nephrus (nef'-rus) r [ve<f>p6s]. The kidney. 

nephrydrops, nephrydrosis (nef'-rid-rops, nef-rid- 
ro'-sis). See hydronephrosis, n., subcapsular, a 
large collection of urine between the kidney and its 
capsule. 

nephrydrotic (nef-rid-rot'-ik). Relating to nephry- 
drosis. 

nerianthin, neriantin (ne-re-an'-thin, -tin). A 
crystalline glucoside obtained from the leaves of 
Nerium oleander. 

neriin (ne'-ri-in). A glucoside from the leaves of 
Nerium oleander, apparently identical with digitalein. 
It is used as a heart stimulant and tonic. 

neriodorein (ne-re-o-do'-re-in). Same as neriin. 

Nerium (ne'-re-um) [vqpiov, oleander]. The leaves 
and bark of N. oleander. The extractive principles 
exert a marked influence on the motor centers, in 
large doses producing paralysis and heart failure. 
In small doses they act as a cardiac tonic, resembling 
digitalis. Dose of the extract \-\ gr. (0.02-0.04 Gm.). 
The tincture may be given cautiously in one-drop 
doses, gradually increased. 

Nernst lamp (nairnst) [Walther Nernst, German 
physicist, 1864- ]. An incandescent electric 
lamp in which there are rods or filaments of metallic 
oxides. 

neroli (ner'-o-le) [Fr.]. Oil of orange-flowers. 

nerval (ner'-val) [nervus, a nerve]. Pertaining to 
a nerve or nerves. 

nerve, nervus (nerv, ner'-vus) [nervus, nerve]. 
An elongated, cord-like structure made up of aggre- 
gations of nerve-fibers and having the property of 
transmitting nervous impulses, n., accelerator, the 
cardiac sympathetic nerve, stimulation of which 
causes acceleration of the heart's action, n., affer- 
ent, one that transmits impulses from the periphery 
to the central nervous system, n.-bulb. See end- 
bud and motorial end-plate, n.-bulb, terminal. 
See Krause's corpuscles, n.s, bulbous, amputation 
neuromata, round growths which form on the di- 
vided extremities of the nerves in the stumps left 
after amputation, n., calorific, a nerve stimulation 
of which increases the heat of the parts to which it is 
distributed, n.-cavity, the pulp cavity of a tooth, 
n.-cell, a mass of protoplasm containing a large vesi- 
cular nucleus within which lies a well-marked nucle- 
olus. Nerve-cells have one or more elongated pro- 



NERVE 



601 



NERVE 



cesses, and in accordance with the number of these 
are designated unipolar, bipolar, or multipolar. The 
processes are of two kinds: the axis-cylinder process 
and the protoplasmic processes. The axis-cylinder 
(Betters') process either becomes an axis-cylinder of a 
nerve-fiber, or divides within the gray matter into 
delicate filaments; it gives off minute branches 
termed collaterals; the other processes are supposed 
to have nutritive and conducting functions, n.- 
center, a group of nerve-cells acting together in the 
performance of a function, n., centrifugal. See 
«., efferent, n., centripetal. See n., afferent, n.- 
corpuscles. i. Same as nerve-cells, q. v. 2. Nucle- 
ated corpuscles lying between the neurilemma and 
the medullary sheath of medullated nerve-fibers. 
n., cranial, a nerve arising directly from the brain 
and making its exit through a foramen in the skull. 
n., depressor, an afferent nerve, irritation of which 
depresses or inhibits the vasomotor center, n., 
efferent, one carrying impulses from the central 
nervous system to the periphery, n.-endings, the 
terminations of nerves at the periphery or in the 
nerve-centers, n., esodic, an afferent or centripetal 
nerve, n., exodic, an efferent or centrifugal nerve. 
n. of expression, the facial nerve, n.-fiber, a fiber 
having the property of conducting invisible or 
molecular waves of stimulation from one part of an 
organism to another, and so establishing physiological 
continuity between such parts without the necessary 
passage of waves of contraction. There are two 
kinds of nerve-fibers: the medullated, or myelinic, 
and the nonmedullated, or amyelinic. A typical 
medullated fiber consists of the axis-cylinder, which 
may be surrounded by a sheath, the axilemma; the 
medullary sheath, or white substance of Schwann; 
the neurilemma, or sheath of Schwann. The non- 
medullated, pale, or Remak's fibers do not possess a 
medullary sheath, but consist only of axis-cylinder 
and neurilemma. The nerve-corpuscles are more 
abundant than in medullated nerve-fibers. Medul- 
lated nerve-fibers are found in the cerebrospinal 
nerves, while nonmedullated fibers occur in the sym- 
pathetic nerves and tend to form plexuses, n., 
frigorific, a sympathetic nerve stimulation of which 
causes a fall of temperature; the vasoconstrictor 
nerves are frigorific nerves, n.-grafting, the trans- 
planting of a portion of healthy nerve from an 
animal to man, to reestablish the continuity of 
a divided nerve. Syn., neuroplasty. n.-head, the 
optic disc or papilla, n. hillock, a slight elevation 
observed where a nerve-fiber enters a muscle, n., 
inhibitory, one the stimulation of which inhibits 
or lessens the activity of an organ. n., mixed, 
one made up of both afferent and efferent fibers. 
n., motor, one containing only or chiefly motor 
fibers, n.-papillse, papilla? of the skin containing 
tactile corpuscles, nervous plexuses, or Krause's 
corpuscles and sometimes blood-vessels, n.-plexus, 
a grouping of nerves. n., pressor, an afferent 
nerve, irritation of which stimulates the vasomotor 
center. n.-process, the axis-cylinder process 
of a neuron. n., secretory, an efferent nerve, 
stimulation of which causes increased activity of 
the gland to which it is distributed, n., sensory. 
Same as n., afferent, n., spinal, one of those arising 
from the spinal cord and making its exit through an 
intervertebral foramen. There are 31 pairs of 
spinal nerves, n.-stonn, a sudden outburst or 
paroxysm of nervous disturbance, n.-stretching, 
mechanical elongation or tension of a nerve for the 
relief of neuralgia, spasmodic contraction, and other 
pathological conditions. n., sympathetic, one of a 
system of nerves distributed chiefly to the blood- 
vessels and to the viscera. See sympathetic, n., 
thermic. Same as n., calorific, n.-tire, neurasthenia. 
n.-tree, a neurodendrite, n., trisplanchnic, the 
system of sympathetic nerves, n., trophic, a nerve, 
the function of which is to preside over the nutrition 
of the part to which it is distributed, n. tumor, 
a neuroma. n.-unit, a neuron, n., vasoconstrictor, 
See n., vasomotor, n., vasodilator. See n., vaso-. 
motor, n., vasomotor, any one of the nerves con- 
trolling the caliber of the blood-vessels; they are of 
two kinds — those stimulation of which causes con- 
traction of the vessels — vasoconstrictor nerves — and 
those stimulation of which causes active dilation — 
vasodilator nerves. Ordinarily vasomotor is synony- 
mous with vasoconstrictor. TABLE OF NERVES 
(ALPHABETICAL) : abdominal, function, sensation 
and motion; origin, vagus; distribution, surface 



of stomach, abducens (sixth cranial), function, 
motion; origin, fourth ventricle; distribution, external 
rectus of eye. accessorius. See spinal accessory in 
this table, accessory. See spinal accessory (eleventh 
cranial) in this table, acusticus, the auditory nerve, 
ambulatorius, the vagus, ampullares, branches of 
the vestibular nerve distributed to the ampullae of 
the semicircular canals. Arnold's. See auricular in 
this table, articular, function, trophic, sensory (?); 
origin, anterior crural; distribution, knee-joint; branch- 
es, capsular, synovial, articular (two), function, 
trophic, sensory (?); origin, ulnar; distribution, elbow- 
joint, aschianus, the first cervical nerve, auditory 
(eighth cranial; portio mollis of seventh), function, 
hearing; origin, restiform body; distribution, internal 
ear; branches, vestibular, cochlear, auricular, func- 
tion, sensation; origin, lesser occipital; distribution, 
integument of posterior and upper portion of pinna. 
auricular (Arnold's), function, sensation; origin, 
vagus; distribution, external ear. auricular (an- 
terior), function, sensation; origin, inferior maxillary; 
distribution, integument of external ear. auricular 
(posterior), function, motion; origin, facial; distribu- 
tion, retrahens aurem, attollens aurem, occipito- 
frontalis; branches, auricular, occipital, auricularis 
magnus, function, sensation; origin, cervical plexus, 
second and third cervical; distribution, parotid gland, 
face, ear; branches, facial, mastoid, and auricular, 
auricularis profundus, the posterior auricular nerve, 
auriculotemporal, function, sensation; origin, inferior 
maxillary; distribution, pinna and temple; branches, 
articular, two branches to meatus, parotid, anterior 
auricular, superficial temporal, axillary. See cir- 
cumflex in this table. Bell's respiratory, the long 
thoracic nerve, bigeminus, biradiatus, the second 
sacral nerve, buccal, function, motion; origin, facial; 
distribution, buccinator and orbicularis oris muscles. 
buccal, long, function, sensation, motion (?); origin, 
inferior maxillary; distribution, cheek; branches, 
superior and inferior buccinator and external ptery- 
goid, buccinator. See buccal, long, in this table. 
calcanean, internal, function, sensation; origin, pos- 
terior tibial; distribution, fascia and integument 
of heel and sole, cardiac (cervical and thoracic), 
function, inhibition; origin, vagus; distribution, 
heart; branches, to cardiac plexuses. Casser's. 
See perforating and musculocutaneous in this table. 
cervical (eight), function, motion and sensation; 
origin, cord; distribution, trunk and. the upper ex- 
tremities; branches, anterior and posterior divisions. 
cervical, first (anterior division), function, motion 
and sensation; origin, cord; distribution, rectus later- 
alis and two anterior recti; branches, filaments to 
vagus, hypoglossal, sympathetic, cervical, first 
(posterior division), function, motion and sensation; 
origin, cord; distribution, recti, obliqui, complexus; 
branches, communicating and cutaneous filaments. 
cervical, second (anterior division), function, motion 
and sensation; origin, cord; distribution, communi- 
cating; branches, ascending, descending, communi- 
cating, cervical, second (posterior division), func- 
tion, motion and sensation; origin, cord; distribution, 
obliquus inferior, scalp, ear, complexus, splenius, 
trachelomastoid ; branches, internal or occipitalis 
major, and external, cervical, third (anterior di- 
vision), function, motion and sensation; origin, cord; 
distribution, communicating; branches, ascending, 
descending, and communicating filaments, cervical, 
third (posterior division), function, motion and 
sensation; origin, cord; distribution, occiput, splenius, 
complexus; branches, internal and external, cervical, 
fourth (anterior division), function, motion and 
sensation; origin, cord; distribution, shoulder; 
branches, communicating filaments, muscular, etc. 
cervicals, fifth to eighth (anterior divisions), function, 
motion and sensation; origin, cord; distribuiion t 
brachial plexus; branches, communicating, cervicals, 
fourth to eighth (posterior divisions), function, motion 
and sensation; origin, cord; distribution, muscles 
and skin of neck; branches, internal and external 
branches, cervicofacial, function, motion; origin, 
facial; distribution, lower part of face and part of neck; 
branches, buccal, supramaxillary, inframaxillary. 
chorda tympani, function, motion and taste; origin, 
facial; distribution, tongue, tympanum, submaxillary 
gland, ciliary, function, sensation, nutrition, motion; 
origin, ciliary ganglion; distribution, eyeball, circum- 
flex, function, motion and sensation; origin, brachial 
plexus; distribution, teres minor, deltoid, and skin; 
branches, anterior, posterior, and articular, clunium. 



NERVE 



602 



NERVE 



inferior medialis. See cutaneous, perforating in this 
table, coccygeal, function, motion; origin, coccygeal 
plexus; distribution, coccygeus and gluteus maximus. 
cochlear, function, hearing; origin, auditory; distri- 
bution, cochlea, colli superficialis, function, sensa- 
tion; origin, cervical plexus; distribution, platysma 
myoides and anterolateral parts of neck; branches, 
cscending and descending branches, communicans 
aervicalis. See communicans noni or hypoglossi in 
this table, communicans noni, or hypoglossi, func- 
tion, motion and sensation; origin, second cervical, 
third cervical; distribution, descendens noni, depressor 
muscles of hyoid bone; branches, omohyoid, ansa 
hypoglossi. communicans peronei. See peroneal, 
communicating in this table, communicating, func- 
tion, motion and sensation; origin, cervical plexus; 
distribution, spinal accessory, communicating, func- 
tion, sensation and motion; origin, first and second 
cervical; distribution, vagus, hypoglossal, sympa- 
thetic, of Cotunnius. See nasopalatine in this 
table, crural, function, sensation; origin, geni to- 
crural; distribution, shin, upper and central part 
anterior aspect of thigh, crural, anterior, function, 
motion and sensation; origin, lumbar plexus, second, 
third, and fourth lumbar nerves; distribution, thigh; 
branches, middle and internal cutaneous, long saphe- 
nous, muscular, articular, cubitalis, the ulnar nerve. 
cutaneous, function, sensation; origin, musculo- 
spiral; distribution, skin of arm, radial side of fore- 
arm ; branches, one internal, two external, cutaneous, 
function, sensation; origin, ulnar; distribution, wrist 
and palm; branches, first and palmar cutaneous. 
cutaneous (cervical). See colli, superficialis in this 
table, cutaneous colli. See colli, superficialis in 
this table, cutaneous, dorsal, function, sensation; 
origin, ulnar; distribution, little and ring fingers; 
branches, communicating, cutaneous, external, func- 
tion, sensation; origin, second and third lumbar; 
distribution, skin of thigh; branches, anterior and 
posterior, cutaneous, internal, function, sensation; 
origin, brachial plexus; distribution, forearm; branches, 
anterior and posterior branches, cutaneous, lesser 
internal or medial (of Wrisberg), function, sensation; 
origin, brachial plexus; distribution, inner side of 
arm. cutaneous, middle and internal, function, 
sensation, motion (?); origin, anterior crural; distri- 
bution, skin of thigh; branches, communicating. 
cutaneous, perforating, function, sensation; origin, 
fourth sacral;, distribution, integument covering 
gluteus maximus. Cyon's. See depressor in this 
table, dental, inferior or mandibular, function, 
sensation; origin, inferior maxillary; distribution, 
teeth, muscles; branches^ mylohyoid, incisor, mental, 
dental, dentals, anterior and posterior, function, 
sensation; origin, superior maxillary; distribution, 
teeth, depressor, function, lowering of the blood- 
pressure; origin, in the rabbit, from the vagus; 
distribution, heart, descendens hypoglossi, function, 
motor; origin, cervical plexus; distribution, omohyoid, 
sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid, geniohyoid, 
hyoglossus, and muscles of the tongue; branches, 
muscular, lingual, descendens noni. See descendens 
hypoglossi in this table, digastric, function, motion; 
origin, facial; distribution, posterior belly of digastric. 
dorsal, 12 (anterior and posterior divisions), function, 
motion and sensation; origin, cord; distribution, 
muscles and skin of trunk; branches, external, in- 
ternal, cutaneous, dorsal (of penis), sensation; 
origin, pudic; distribution, penis, dorsospinal, the 
dorsal spinal nerves. See spinal in this table. 
erigentes, excitor or vasodilator nerves of the penis; 
derived from the first and second and sometimes 
from the third sacral nerves. They have their origin 
in the sexual center of the spinal cord, esophageal, 
function, motion; origin, vagus; distribution, mucous 
and muscular coats of esophagus; branches, esophageal 
plexus, external motor (of the eye). See abducens 
in this table, facial, function, sensation; origin, 
great auricular; distribution, skin over parotid. 
facial {seventh cranial, portio dura), function, motion; 
origin, floor of fourth ventricle; distribution, face, 
ear, palate, tongue; branches, petrosals, tympanic, 
chorda tympani, communicating, posterior auricular, 
digastric, stylohyoid, lingual, temporal, malar, infra- 
orbital, buccal, superior and inferior maxillary. 
femoral. See crural {anterior) in this table, femoral, 
posterior cutaneous. See sciatic, small in this table. 
fibular communicating. See peroneal communicating 
in this table, fourth, the trochlear nerve, frontal, 
function, sensation; origin, ophthalmic; distribution, 



forehead and eyelids; branches, supraorbital, supra- 
trochlear, furcal, the fourth lumbar nerve, gastric, 
function, motion; origin, vagus; distribution, stomach. 
genital, function, motion and sensation; origin, 
genitocrural; distribution, cremaster muscle, genito- 
crural, function, motion and sensation; origin, first 
and second lumbar; distribution, cremaster and 
thigh; branches, genital, crural, communicating. 
genitofemoral. See genitocrural in this table. 
glossopharyngeal {ninth cranial), function, sensation 
and taste; origin, fourth ventricle; distribution, 
tongue, middle ear, tonsils, pharynx, meninges; 
branches, tympanic, carotid, pharyngeal, muscular, 
tonsillar, lingual, gluteal, inferior, function, motion; 
origin, sacral plexus (second and third sacral nerves) ; 
distribution, gluteus maximus. gluteal, superior, 
function, motion; origin, sacral plexus; distribution, 
glutei, tensor vaginae femoris. gustatory. See 
lingual in this table, hemorrhoidal, inferior, func- 
tion, sensation and motion; origin, pudic; distribution, 
external sphincter ani and adjacent integument. 
hepatic, function (?); origin, vagus; distribution, 
liver; branches, hepatic plexus. Hirschf eld's, func- 
tion, motion; origin, facial; distribution, styloglossus 
and palatoglossus, hypogastric, function, sensation; 
origin, iliohypogastric; distribution, skin about ex- 
ternal abdominal ring, hypoglossal {twelfth crani- 
al), function, motion; origin, floor of fourth ventricle; 
distribution, hypoglossus and hyoid muscles; branches, 
descendens noni or hypoglossi, muscular, thyro- 
hyoid, geniohyoid, and meningeal, iliac, function, 
sensation; origin, iliohypogastric; distribution, integu- 
ment covering fore part of gluteal region, iliac, 
function, sensation; origin, last dorsal; distribution, 
integument covering forepart of gluteal region. 
iliohypogastric, function, motion and sensation; 
origin, first lumbar; distribution, abdominal and 
gluteal regions; branches, iliac, hypogastric, com- 
municating, ilioinguinal, function, motion and 
sensation; origin, first lumbar; distribution, inguinal 
region and scrotum; branches, muscular, cutaneous, 
and communicating, incisive, function, sensation; 
origin, inferior dental; distribution, canine and incisor 
teeth and corresponding portion of gums, inferior 
medial of the buttock. See cutaneous, perforating, 
in this table, inframandibular. See inframaxillary 
in this table, inframaxillary, function, motion; 
origin, facial; distribution, platysma myoides. infra- 
orbital, function, sensation and motion; origin, facial; 
distribution, nose and lip; branches, palpebral, nasal, 
labial, infratrochlear, function, sensation; origin, 
nasal; distribution, skin and conjunctiva of inner 
part of eye, lacrimal sac. intercostal, function, 
motion and sensation; origin, spinal cord; distribu- 
tion, muscles and integument of thorax; branches, 
muscular, anterior and lateral cutaneous, inter- 
costobrachialis. See inter costohumeral in this table. 
intercostohumeral, function, sensation; origin, second 
intercostal; distribution, integument of upper two- 
thirds of inner and posterior part of arm. interos- 
seous, anterior, function, motion; origin, median; 
distribution, deep muscles of forearm, interosseous, 
posterior, function, motion and sensation; origin, 
musculospiral ; distribution, carpus and radial and 
posterior brachial regions, ischiadic, the great 
sciatic nerve. Jacobson's. See tympanic {Jacob- 
son's nerve) in this table, labial, function, motion 
and sensation; origin, superior maxillary; distribution, 
muscles and mucous membrane of lips, lacrimal, 
function, sensation; origin, ophthalmic; distribution, 
lacrimal gland and conjunctiva, of Lancisi, longi- 
tudinal striations on upper surface of corpus callosum. 
laryngeal, recurrent or inferior, function, motion; 
origin, vagus; distribution, larynx; branches, to all 
laryngeal muscles except cricothyroid, laryngeal, 
superior, function, sensation and motion; origin, 
vagus; distribution, larynx; branches, external — 
cricothyroid muscle and thyroid gland; internal — 
mucous membrane of larynx, lingual, function, 
motion and sensation; origin, facial; distribution, 
mucous membrane of tongue, palatoglossus and 
styloglossus muscles, lingual, function, sensation; 
origin, glossopharyngeal; distribution, circumvallate 
papillae and glands of tongue, lingual, function, 
taste and sensation; origin, inferior maxillary; 
distribution, tongue and mouth, lumbar (5) , function, 
motion and sensation; origin, cord; distribution, 
lumbar and genital regions; branches, anterior and 
posterior divisions, lumbar plexus, malar (or 
zygomatic), function, motion; origin, facial; distri- 



NERVE 



603 



NERVE 



button, lower part of orbicularis palpebrarum and 
■eyelids, malar (or zygomatico-f acialis) , function, 
sensation; origin, orbital; distribution, skin over malar 
bone, mandibular. See maxillary, inferior, in this 
table, masseteric, function, motor; origin, inferior 
maxillary; distribution, masseter muscle (and tem- 
poral?), masticatorius, masticatory, originates 
chiefly in the motor nucleus in the pons, but receives 
an accession of fibers from a nucleus lying beneath 
and lateral to the mesocele. It innervates the 
muscles of mastication, mastoid, function, sensa- 
tion; origin, great auricular; distribution, skin over 
mastoid process, mastoid, function, motion; origin, 
lesser occipital; distribution, skin over mastoid 
process, maxillary. See maxillary (superior) in this 
table, maxillary, inferior, function, sensation, mo- 
tion, and taste; origin, trigeminus; distribution, 
muscles of mastication, ear, cheek, tongue, teeth; 
branches, masseteric, auriculotemporal, buccal, gusta- 
tory, inferior dental, maxillary, superior, function, 
sensation; origin, trigeminus; distribution, cheek, 
face, teeth; branches, orbital, sphenopalatine, dentals, 
infraorbital, median, function, motion and sensa- 
tion; origin, brachial plexus; distribution, pronator 
radii teres, flexors, two lumbricales, fingers, palm; 
branches, muscular, anterior interosseous, palmar 
cutaneous, meningeal, function, sensation; origin, 
glossopharyngeal; distribution, pia and arachnoid. 
meningeal, function, sensation; origin, hypoglossal; 
distribution, dura mater, meningeal, function, 
sensation; origin, vagus; distribution, dura mater 
around lateral sinus, meningeal, recurrent, function, 
sensation; origin, inferior maxillary; distribution, 
dura mater and mastoid cells, mental, function, 
motion and sensation; origin, inferior maxillary; 
distribution, mucous membrane of lower lip and 
chin, motor oculi (third cranial), function, motion; 
origin, floor of aqueduct of Sylvius; distribution, all 
muscles of the eye except external rectus, superior 
oblique, and orbicularis palpebrarum, muscular, 
function, motion and sensation; origin, first and second 
cervical; distribution, muscles; branches, rectus capitis 
lateralis, rectus anterior major et minor, muscular, 
function, motion; origin, cervical plexus; distribution, 
sternomastoid, levator anguli scapulae, scalenus 
medius, trapezius, muscular, function, motion; 
origin, brachial plexus; distribution, longus colli, 
scaleni, rhomboidei, subclavius. muscular, function, 
motion; origin, musculospiral; distribution, triceps, 
anconeus, supinator longus extensor carpi radialis 
longior, brachialis anticus; branches, internal, pos- 
terior, external, muscular, function, motion; origin, 
median; distribution, superficial muscles of the fore- 
arm, muscular, function, motion; origin, ulnar; 
distribution, flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor profundus 
digitorum. muscular, function, motion; origin, 
great sciatic; distribution, biceps, semimembranosus, 
semitendinosus, adductor magnus. muscular, func- 
tion, motion; origin, sacral plexus; distribution, 
pyriformis, obturator internus, gemelli, quadratus 
femoris. muscular, function, motion; origin, anterior 
crural; distribution, pectineus and the muscles of the 
thigh, musculocutaneous (of Casser), function, 
motion and sensation; origin, brachial plexus; distri- 
bution, coracobrachialis, biceps, brachialis anticus, 
forearm; branches, anterior and posterior, musculo- 
cutaneous, function, motion and sensation; origin, 
external popliteal; distribution, muscles of fibular 
side of leg, skin of dorsum of foot; branches, internal, 
external, musculospiral, function, motion and 
sensation; origin, brachial plexus; distribution, back 
of arm and forearm, skin of back of hand; branches, 
musculocutaneous, radial, posterior interosseous. 
mylohyoid, function, motion; origin, inferior maxil- 
lary; distribution, mylohyoid and digastric muscles. 
nasal, function, sensation; origin, dental, anterior; 
distribution, mucous membrane of inferior meatus. 
nasal, function, sensation; origin, maxillary, superior; 
distribution, integument of lateral aspect of nose. 
nasal, function, sensation; origin, ophthalmic; dis- 
tribution, iris, ciliary ganglion, nose; branches, 
ganglionic, ciliary, infra trochlear, nasal, inferior, 
function, sensation; origin, anterior palatine; distri- 
bution, mucous membrane of nose, nasal, superior, 
function, sensation; origin, Meckel's ganglion; distri- 
bution, mucous membrane of nose and posterior 
ethmoid cells, nasopalatine, function, sensation; 
origin, Meckel's ganglion; distribution, nasal septum. 
obturator, function, motion and sensation; origin, 
lumbar plexus, third and fourth nerves; distribution, 



obturator externus, adductors, hip-joint, and skin; 
branches, anterior and posterior articular and com- 
municating, obturator, accessory, function, motion 
and sensation; origin, lumbar plexus; distribution, 
pectineus and hip-joint, occipital (smallest or third), 
function, sensation; origin, third cervical; distribution, 
integument of occiput, occipitalis magnus, function, 
motion and sensation; origin, second cervical; distri- 
bution, complexus, trapezius, and scalp, occipitalis 
major, the internal branch of the dorsal division of 
the second cervical nerve, occipitalis minim us or 
tertius, a ramus from the internal branch of the 
dorsal division of the third cervical nerve, occipitalis 
minor, function, sensation; origin, second cervical; 
distribution, occipitofron talis, ear, etc.; branches, 
communicating, auricular, oculomotor. See motor 
oculi in this table, olfactory (first cranial), function, 
smell; origin, frontal lobe, optic thalamus, island of 
Reil; distribution, Schneiderian membrane of nose. 
ophthalmic, function, sensation; origin, trigeminus: 
distribution, forehead, eyes, nose; branches, frontal, 
lacrimal, nasal, optic (second cranial), function, 
sight; origin, cortical center in occipital lobe; distri- 
bution, retina, orbital, function, sensation; origin, 
Meckel's ganglion; distribution, mucosa of posterior 
ethmoid cells and sphenoid sinus, orbital or tem- 
poro-malar, function, sensation; origin, superior 
maxillary; distribution, temple and cheek; branches, 
temporal and malar, palatine, anterior or great, 
function, sensation; origin, Meckel's ganglion; 
distribution, hard palate, gums, and nose; branches, 
two inferior nasal, palatine, external, function, 
sensation; origin, Meckel's ganglion; distribution, 
tonsil and soft palate, palatine, posterior or small, 
function, motor; origin, Meckel's ganglion; distribu- 
tion, levator palati and azygos uvulae, palmar 
cutaneous, function, sensation; origin, median; 
distribution, thumb and palm, palmar, deep, 
function, motion; origin, ulnar; distribution, little 
finger, dorsal and palmar interosseous, two inner 
lumbricales, abductor pollicis. palmar, superficial, 
function, sensation and motion; origin, ulnar; distri- 
bution, palmaris brevis, inner side of hand, and little 
finger, palpebral, function, motor; origin, superior 
maxillary; distribution, integument of lower lid. 
parotid, function, sensation; origin, auriculotemporal; 
distribution, parotid gland, patellar, function, sensa- 
tion; origin, long saphenous; distribution, integument 
over patella and plexus patellae, patheticus (fourth 
cranial), function, motion; origin, valve of Vieussens; 
distribution, superior oblique of eye. pectineus, 
function, motion; origin, anterior crural; distribution, 
pectineus muscle, perforating (of Casser). See 
musculocutaneous in this table, perineal, function, 
motion and sensation; origin, pudic; distribution, 
perineum, genitalia, and skin of perineal region; 
branches, cutaneous and muscular, perineal, func- 
tion, motion and sensation; origin, fourth sacral; 
distribution, external sphincter ani and integument 
of anus, peroneal, the external popliteal nerve. 
peroneal, common. See popliteal (external) in this 
table, peroneal, communicating, a branch of the 
external popliteal, generally uniting with the short 
saphenous nerve, but at times it extends down the 
leg to the heel, peroneal, deep. See tibial (anterior) 
in this table, peroneal, superficial. See musculo- 
cutaneous in this table, petrosals, function, motion; 
origin, facial; distribution, ganglia and plexus; 
branches, great, small, external to Meckel's ganglion, 
otic ganglion, and meningeal plexus, respectively. 
pharyngeal, function, motion and sensation; origin, 
glossopharyngeal; distribution, pharynx; enters into 
formation of pharyngeal plexus, pharyngeal, func- 
tion, sensation; origin, Meckel's ganglion; distribution, 
upper part of pharynx, posterior nares, and sphenoid 
sinus, pharyngeal, function, motion; origin, vagus; 
distribution, pharynx; branches, pharyngeal plexus, 
muscles, and mucosa, pharyngeal, function, sensa- 
tion; origin, sympathetic; distribution, pharynx; helps 
to form the pharyngeal plexus, phrenic, function, 
motion and sensation; origin, third, fourth, and fifth 
cervical; distribution, diaphragm, pericardium, pleura. 
plantar, external, function, motion and sensation; 
origin, posterior tibial; distribution, little toe and 
deep muscles of foot; branches, superficial and deep. 
plantar, internal, function, sensation and motion; 
origin, posterior tibial; distribution, sole of foot, 
adductor pollicis, flexor brevis digitorum, toes; 
branches, cutaneous, muscular, articular, digital. 
pneumogastric (tenth cranial, par vagum, or vagus), 



NERVE 



604 



NERVE 



function, sensation and motion; origin, floor of fourth 
ventricle; distribution, ear, .pharynx, larynx, heart, 
lungs, esophagus, stomach; branches, auricular, 
pharyngeal, superior and inferior laryngeal, recurrent 
laryngeal, cardiac, pulmonary, esophageal, gastric, 
hepatic, communicating, meningeal, popliteal, ex- 
ternal, function, sensation and motion; origin, great 
sciatic; distribution, extensors of foot, skin, and 
fascia; branches, anterior tibial, musculocutaneous, 
articular, cutaneous, popliteal, internal, function, 
motion and sensation; origin, great sciatic; distri- 
bution, knee, gastrocnemius, tibialis posticus, plan- 
taris, soleus, popliteus, skin of foot; branches, articu- 
lar, muscular, cutaneous, external saphenous, plantar, 
posterior cutaneous of thigh. See sciatic {small) in 
this table, pterygoid, external, function, motion; 
origin, inferior maxillary; distribution, external 
pterygoid muscle, pterygoid, internal, function, 
motion; origin, inferior maxillary; distribution, 
internal pterygoid muscle, pudendal, inferior, a 
branch of the small sciatic nerve distributed to the 
front and external part of the scrotum and perineum. 
pudendal, long {nerve of Soemmering) , function, sen- 
sation; origin, small sciatic; distribution, integument 
of genitalia and inner and proximal part of thigh. 
pudic, function, motion and sensation; origin, sacral 
plexus; distribution, perineum, anus, genitalia; 
branches, inferior hemorrhoidal, perineal, cutaneous, 
dorsal of penis, pulmonary, anterior and posterior, 
function (?); origin, vagus; distribution, lungs; 
branches to pulmonary plexuses, radial. See muscu- 
lospiral in this table, radial (superficial ramus), 
function, sensation; origin, musculospiral; distribution, 
skin of radial side and ball of thumb; skin on posterior 
surface of ulnar side of thumb; skin of index-finger, 
middle finger, and radial side of ring-finger; branches, 
external and internal, renal, branches of the renal 
plexus following the distribution of the renal artery. 
sacral (5), function, motion and sensation; origin, 
cord; distribution, multifidus spinse, skin of gluteal 
region; branches to sacral plexus, saphenous, 
external or short, function, sensation; origin, internal 
popliteal; distribution, integument of foot and little 
toe. saphenous, long or internal, function, sensation ; 
origin, anterior crural; distribution, knee, ankle; 
branches, cutaneous, patellar, communicating. Sap- 
pey's, the mylohyoid nerve, of Scarpa. See naso- 
palatine in this table, sciatic, great, function, 
motion and sensation; origin, sacral plexus; distri- 
bution, skin of leg, muscles of back of thigh, and 
those of leg and foot; branches, articular, muscular, 
popliteal, sciatic, small, function, sensation and 
motion; origin, sacral plexus; distribution, perineum, 
back of thigh and leg, gluteus maximus; branches, 
muscular, cutaneous, long pudendal, second cranial, 
the optic nerve, seventh cranial. See facial in this 
table, sixth cranial. See abducens in this table, 
sixth sacral, the coccygeal nerve, of Soemmering. 
See pudendal, long, in this table, sphenopalatine, 
function, sensation; origin, superior maxillary; distri- 
bution, Meckel's ganglion, spinal, function, motion 
and sensation; origin, spinal cord; distribution, trunk. 
There are 31 on each side: 1 coccygeal, 8 cervical, 
12 dorsal, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, spinal accessory 
{eleventh cranial), function, motion; origin, floor of 
fourth ventricle; distribution, sternomastoid, trape- 
zius, spinosus. See meningeal, recurrent in this 
table, spiral. See musculospiral in this table, 
spiralis, the radial nerve, splanchnic, great, func- 
tion, sympathetic; origin, thoracic ganglia; distri- 
bution, semilunar ganglion, renal, and suprarenal 
plexuses, splanchnic, lesser, function, sympathetic; 
origin, tenth and eleventh thoracic ganglia, great 
splanchnic; distribution, celiac plexus and great 
splanchnic, splanchnic, renal or smallest, function, 
sympathetic; origin, last thoracic ganglion; distri- 
bution, renal and celiac plexuses, stapedial, function, 
motion; origin, facial; distribution, stapedius muscle. 
stapedius. See tympanic in this table, sternal, 
descending cutaneous divisions of the third and 
fourth cervical nerves, stylohyoid, function, motion; 
origin, facial; distribution, stylohyoid muscle, sub- 
clavian, a branch of the brachial plexus which supplies 
the subclavius muscle, subcostal, the intercostal 
nerve, sublingual, a division of the lingual nerve 
distributed to the sublingual gland, submaxillary, 
the inframaxillary nerve, suboccipital, the anterior 
division of the first cervical nerve, subscapular, 
function, motion; origin, brachial plexus; distribution, 
subscapular, teres major, and latissimus dorsi. 



supraacromial, function, sensation; origin, cervical 
plexus; distribution, skin over deltoid, supraclavi- 
cular, descending, function, sensation; origin, third 
and fourth cervical; distribution, skin of neck, breast,, 
and shoulder; branches, sternal, clavicular, acromial. 
supragluteal, the superior gluteal nerve, supra- 
mandibular. See maxillary, superior, in this table. 
supramaxillary. _ See maxillary, superior, in this 
table, supraorbital, function, sensation; origin, oph- 
thalmic; distribution, upper lid, forehead; branches, 
muscular, cutaneous, and pericranial, suprapubic,, 
the genitocrural nerve, suprascapular, function* 
motion and sensation; origin, brachial plexus; distri- 
bution, scapular muscles, suprasternal, function,. 
sensation; origin, cervical plexus; distribution, integu- 
ment over upper part of sternum, supratrochlear, 
function, sensation; origin, ophthalmic; distribution,. 
forehead and upper eyelid; branches, muscular and 
cutaneous, sympathetic. See under sympathetic. 
temporal, function, motion; origin, inferior maxillary;; 
distribution, temporal muscle, temporal (or zygo- 
maticotemporalis),/wwei«m, sensation; origin, orbital; 
distribution, integument over temporal muscle. 
temporal, function, motion; origin, temporof acial ; 
distribution, orbicularis palpebrarum, occipitofron- 
tal , attrahens and attollens aurem, corrugator 
supercilii; branches, muscular, temporal, superficial, 
function, sensation; origin, auriculotemporal;, distri- 
bution, integument over temporal fascia, temporo- 
f acial, function, motion; origin, facial; distribution, 
upper part of face; branches, temporal, malar, infra- 
orbital, temporomalar. See orbital in this table. 
tenth cranial, the vagus nerve, third cranial, the 
motor oculi. thoracic, anterior and exterior, func- 
tion, motion; origin, brachial plexus; distribution, 
pectoralis major and minor, thoracic, posterior or 
long {external respiratory nerve of Bell), function, 
motion; origin, brachial plexus; distribution, serratus 
magnus. thoracic, spinal, function, motion and 
sensation; origin, cord; distribution, muscles and skin 
of thorax, thyroid, branches of the middle cervical 
ganglion distributed to the thyroid, tibial. See 
popliteal {internal) in this table., tibial, anterior, 
function, motion and sensation; origin, external 
popliteal; distribution, tibialis anticus, extensor 
longus digitorum, peroneus tertius, joints of foot, 
skin of great toe; branches, muscular, external, 
internal, tibial, posterior, function, motion and 
sensation; origin, internal popliteal; distribution, 
tibialis posticus, flexor longus digitorum, flexor 
longus pollicis, skin of heel and sole, knee-joint; 
branches, plantar, muscular* calcaneoplantar* cuta- 
neous or internal calcanean, articular, tonsillar, 
function, sensation; origin, glossopharyngeal; distri- 
bution, tonsil, soft palate, and fauces, trigeminus, 
trifacial {fifth cranial) , function, motion and sensation 
(taste); origin, floor of fourth ventricle; distribution, 
skin and structures of face, tongue, and teeth; 
branches, ophthalmic, superior and inferior maxillary. 
trochlear. See patheticus in this table, twelfth 
cranial, the hypoglossal nerve, trochlear. See 
patheticus {fourth cranial) in this table, tympanic (or 
stapedius), function, motion; origin, facial; distri- 
bution, stapedius and laxator tympani . muscles. 
tympanic, function, sensation; origin, sympathetic; 
distribution, tympanum, tympanic {Jacobson's nerve) 
function, motion; origin, glossopharyngeal; distri- 
bution, tympanum; branches, tympanic plexus and 
communicating, tympanichordal. See chorda tym- 
pani in this table, ulnar, function, motion and 
sensation; origin, brachial plexus; distribution, 
muscles, shoulder-joint and wrist-joint, and skin of 
little finger; branches, articular, muscular, palmar 
cutaneous, dorsal, superior palmar, deep palmar, 
vagus. See pneumogastfic in this table, vestibular, 
function, sensation; origin, auditory; distribution, 
utricle and ampullae ..of the semicircular canals. 
Vidian, function, sensation; origin, union of large 
superficial and deep petrosal; distribution, spheno- 
maxillary fossa and posterior part of upper nasal 
meatus, of Willis. See spinal accessory in this 
table. Wrisberg's. See cutaneous, lesser internal, 
in this table, zygomatic. See orbital {temporomalar) 
in this table, zygomatic. See malar in this table. 
zygomaticofacialis. See malar in this table, zygo- 
maticotemporal. See temporal in this table. 

nervi {ner'-vi) [L.j. Plural of nervus, a nerve. 
n. erigentes, nerve-fibers from the second and third 
sacral nerves to the rectum, bladder and genital 
organs, n. nervorum, the small nerves distributed 



NERVIDUCT 



605 



NEURAMEBIMETER 



to the nerve-sheaths, n. vasorum, the small nerves 
supplying the walls of the blood-vessels. 

nerviduct (ner'-vid-ukt) [nervus, nerve; ductus, 
duct]. The channel by which a nerve passes through 
a bone. 

nervimotility (ner-vi-mo-til'-it-e). Capability of 
nerve motion. 

nervimotion (ner-vim-o' -shun) [nervus, a nerve; 
motio, motion]. Movement caused by the stimu- 
lation of a nerve. 

nervimotor (ner-vim-o' -tor) [nervus, a nerve; 
motor, a mover], i. Pertaining to or causing nervi- 
motion. 2. That which causes nervimotion. 3. 
Pertaining to a motor nerve. 

nervine (ner'-ven) [nervus, nerve]. 1. Pertaining 
to the nerve. 2. Acting favorably, or decidedly, 
upon the nerves. 3. A remedy that calms nervous 
excitement or acts favorably on nervous diseases. 
4. The plant Cypripedium pubescens. 5. An extract 
of the normal gray substance of sheep's brain. 6. A 
proprietary remedy for gout. 

nervitone (ner' -vit-on) . A proprietary remedy 
said to be a mixture of iron, phosphorus, asafetida, 
sumbul, and mix vomica. 

nervocidine (ner-vos' -id-en) [nervus, nerve; ccedere, 
to kill]. An alkaloid from an East Indian plant; 
the hydrochloride is used as a local anesthetic. 

nervosine (ner' -vo-sen) . A remedy for hysteria 
said to consist of reduced iron 0.025 %, with valerian, 
orange-peel, angelica, and licorice extract. 

nervosity {ner-vos' -it-e). Excessive nervousness. 

nervosism (ner'-vo-sizm) [nervus, a nerve]. 1 
Neurasthenia or nervousness. 2. The doctrine that 
all morbid phenomena are caused by alterations of 
nerve-force. 

nervotabes, peripheral (ner-vo-ta'-bez). A dis- 
turbance of an intact spinal cord, presenting clinically 
the appearance of tabes; due to parenchymatous 
neuritis of the cutaneous nerves. 

nervous (ner'-vus) [nerve]. 1. Pertaining to or 
composed of nerves or nerve-structures. 2. Charac- 
terized by excessive irritability of the nervous system. 
n. debility, neurasthenia, n. fluid, a hypothetical 
fluid supposed to traverse the nerves from the nerve- 
centers to the periphery, n. system, the nervous 
apparatus of the body taken together; it includes the 
brain, spinal cord, nerves, and ganglia. 

nervous exhaustion. See neurasthenia. 

nervousness (ner'-vus-nes) [nervous]. A condition 
of excessive excitability of the nervous system, 
characterized by great mental and physical unrest. 

nervule (ner'-vul) [dim. of nervus, nerve]. A small 
nerve. 

nervus (ner'-vus) [pi. nervi]. Latin for nerve. 

nesis (ne'-sis) [injo-is, suture]. Suture. 

Nessler's reagent (nes'-ler) [A. Nessler, German 
chemist, 1827- ]. A solution of potassium 
iodide, mercury bichloride, and sodium hydroxide 
used in estimating the amount of ammonia in water. 

nesslerizing (nes-ler-i' -zing) . The process of using 
Nessler's reagent. 

nest [ME.]. An abode, as of eggs, insects, etc. 
n.s, Brunn's epithelial. See under Brunn. n., 
■cell-, an aggregation or cluster of cells, as in car- 
cinoma. 

nesteia (nes-ti'-ah) [vr\aTtLa, fasting]. 1. Fasting. 
2. The jejunum. 

nestiatria (nes-te-a'-tre-ah) [vyo-Tela, a fast; larpeia, 
treatment]. Treatment by fasting; the hunger-cure. 

nestis (nes'-tis) [vfiaris, fasting]. 1. Fasting. 2. 
The jejunum. 

nestitherapy (nes-ti-ther'-a-pe). See nestiatria. 

Nestle's food (nesl). A variety of milk-food for 
infants. 

nestoposia (nes-top-o'-ze-ah) [vrja-ns, fasting; irbais, 
drinking]. Drinking on an empty stomach. 

net-knots. See neurosomes. 

netraneurysm (net-ran' -u-rizm) [vfjrpop, spindle; 
■&pevpicriia, aneurysm]. A fusiform aneurysm. 

nettle (net-l). See urtica. 

nettlerash. See urticaria. 

Nettleship's dots [Edward Nettleship, English 
ophthalmologist, 1845- ]. Minute white dots 
scattered in considerable numbers between the 
macula and periphery of the retina; they are associ- 
ated with pigment changes and night-blindness, and 
occur in several members of the same family. 

net-work. The arrangement of fibers in a reticu- 
lum, n., Gerlach's, a network of processes of nerve- 
cells found in the gray matter of the spinal cord. 



n., Haller's, the rete testis, n., Purkinje's, that 
formed by Purkinje's fibers, n. of terminal bars, 
the reticulum formed by the terminal bars on the 
free surface of many epithelia. 

neu (nil). See neurilemma. 

Neubauer's artery (noy'-bow-er) [Johann Ernst 
Neubauer, German anatomist, 1742-1777]. The 
deep thyroid artery; an occasional branch of the 
innominate artery, distributed to the same parts as 
the inferior thyroid, and often taking its place. 
N.'s ganglion, the large ganglion formed by the 
union of the lower cervical and first thoracic 
ganglion. 

Neuber's method (noy'-ber). A method of treating 
joint and bone tuberculosis: an incision is made 
and all fragments and tuberculous foci are removed 
and the cavity filled with an emulsion of iodoform 
and glycerol of 10 % strength. It is then sewed up 
with buried sutures without drainage. N.'s tubes, 
decalcified bone drainage tubes. 

Neumann's corpuscles (noy'-man) . Nucleated red 
corpuscles, sometimes found in the blood when 
an active regenerative process is going on, as after 
hemorrhage. N.'s crystals. See Charcot's crystals. 
N.'s disease, pemphigus vegetans. N.'s phenyl- 
hydrazin test, consists in the use of a solution of 
sodium acetate in acetic acid of 50 to 75 % strength 
or in glacial acetic acid. A special test-tube is 
employed, the urine is introduced, the solution and 
two or three drops of pure phenylhydrazin are 
added, and the whole boiled down, cooled rapidly 
in running water, boiled one minute more, and 
cooled. In the presence of sugar, phenylhydrazin 
crystals appear. N.'s sheaths, the dentinal sheaths 
that form the walls of the dentinal tubules. 

neura (nu'-rah). Synonym of neuron. 

neurad (nii'-rad) [neural; ad, to]. Toward the 
neural aspect or axis. 

neuradynamia (nu-rah-din-a'-me-ah). See neuras- 
thenia. 

neuragmia (nu-rag'-me-ah) [neuron; ayuos, a 
breaking]. The bruising or tearing of a nerve- trunk 
above or below its ganglion for the purpose of study- 
ing the trophic changes that follow. 

neural (nu'-ral) [neuron]. Pertaining to nerves or 
nervous tissue, n. arch, the part of the vertebra 
that incloses the spinal cord, formed by the two 
neurapophyses. n. axis, the spinal cord. n. canal. 
1. The dorsal tube of the embryo, formed by the 
union of the dorsal folds, and constituting the earliest 
traces of the nervous system. 2. The bony canal 
comprising the cavity of the cranium and vertebral 
column, which in the vertebrate animals contains 
the central nervous system. It is situated dorsad, 
the hemal canal, inclosing the heart, etc., being ven- 
trad. See canal, hemal. n. groove, the medullary 
groove, n. lamina, the lateral portion of the neural 
arch of a vertebra, n. plate, the medullary plate. 
n. spine, the spinous process of a vertebra, n. tube, 
the closed medullary" groove of the epiblast. 

neuralgia (nu-ral'-je-ah) [neuron; aXyos, pain]. 
Severe paroxysmal pain along the course of a nerve 
and not associated with demonstrable structural 
changes in the nerve. According to their anatomical 
situation, the following forms of neuralgia are 
described: trigeminal neuralgia, tic douloureux, or 
prosopalgia; supraorbital neuralgia; cervicooccipital 
neuralgia; cervicobrachial and brachial neuralgia; 
intercostal neuralgia, sciatica or ischialgia; coccy- 
godynia; visceral neuralgia (as hepatic, gastric, in- 
testinal, uterine, ovarian neuralgia). According to 
their causes, neuralgias are classed as anemic, ma- 
larial, gouty, rheumatic, syphilitic, diabetic, toxic 
(e. g., alcoholic, saturnine), hysterical, and reflex. 
The pain of neuralgia is sharp, stabbing, and par- 
oxysmal, lasting usually but a short time; tenderness 
is often present at the points of exit of the nerve 
(points douloureux). Intercostal neuralgia is at 
times associated with herpes zoster. 

neuralgic (nu-ral'-jik) [neuralgia]. Pertaining to, 
or affected with, neuralgia. 

neuralgin (nu-ral'-jin). A proprietary antipyretic 
said to consist of a mixture of antifebrin, sodium 
salicylate, and caffeine. Dose 8-45 gr. (0.5-3.0 
Gm.). 

neuramebimeter (nu-ram-eb-im' -et-er) [neuro- ; 
iLfioi^-rj, return; ukrpov, measure]. The nerve-reply 
measurer; an instrument devised and used in psycho- 
physics to obtain the reaction-time of nervous im- 
pressions. 



NEURANAGENESIS 



606 



NEUROBLASTOMA 



neuranagenesis (nu-ran-aj-en'-es-is) [neuron; 

avayewativ, to renew]. Regeneration or renewal of 
nerve tissue. 

neurapophysis (nu-rap-of'-is-is) [neuron; 6.ir6<pvcris , 
offshoot]. Either one of the two apophyses on each 
vertebra which blend and form the neural arch, or 
the dorsal wall of the spinal foramen. 

neurarchy (nii'-rar-ke) [neuro-; apxn, government]. 
The control of the nervous system over the other 
systems of the body. 

neurasthenia (nic-ras-then-i'-ah or nu-ras-the'-ne-ah) 
[neuron; asthenia]. A group of symptoms resulting 
from debility or exhaustion of the nerve-centers. 
Among the more common symptoms are a lack of 
energy, undue readiness of fatigue, disinclination to 
activity, a sense of fulness or pressure at the top of 
the head, pain in the back, impaired memory, and 
disturbed sleep; gastrointestinal symptoms, such as 
anorexia, constipation, fulness after eating; amenor- 
rhea and dysmenorrhea in women, and spermatorrhea 
and impotence in men. Syn., Beard's disease. 
n., cerebral, a form marked by depression, inability 
to concentrate the mind, insomnia, irritability, 
headache, visual disturbances, etc. n. cordis, a 
neurosis in which the heart symptoms dominate. 
n. gastrica, nervous dyspepsia, a condition of dis- 
turbed functional activity of the stomach, as a rule 
without retardation of digestion; flatulence, pain, 
palpitation of the heart, and constipation are promi- 
nent symptoms, n., sexual, a depressed state of the 
nervous system associated with disturbance of the 
sexual function; it is characterized by pain in the 
back, tender points along the spine, weakness of the 
extremities, great prostration on slight exertion, 
neuralgic pains, and other nervous manifestations. 

neurastheniac (nu-ras-the'-ne-ak). A person suffer- 
ing from neurasthenia. 

neurasthenic {nu-r as-then' -ik) [neurasthenia]. Re- 
lating to, or characterized by, neurasthenia. 

neurataxia, neurataxy {nu-rah-tak'-se-ah, nu'-rah- 
tak-se) [neuron; dra£ia, want of order], i. Ataxia 
of cerebrospinal origin. 2. Neurasthenia. 

neuratrophia, neufatrophy (nii-rat-ro'-fe-ah, nu-rat'- 
ro-fe) [neuron; atrophy]. Atrophy, or impaired 
nutrition, of a nerve or nerves. 

neuraxis (nu-raks'-is) [neuron; axis]. 1. The 
cerebrospinal axis. 2. An axis-cylinder. 

neuraxon {nu-raks'-on) [see neuraxis]. The axis- 
cylinder process of a nerve-cell. 

neure (nur). Synonym of neuron. 

neurectasia, neurectasis, neurectasy (nu-rek-ta'- 
ze-ah, nu-rek'-tas-is, nu-rek'-tas-e) [neuron; ecratris, 
stretching]. Nerye-stretching. 

neurectomy (nu-rek'-to-me) [neuron; Iktouti, exci- 
sion]. Excision of a part of a nerve. 

neurectopia, neurectopy (nu-rek-to'-pe-ah, nu-rek'- 
to-pe) [neuron; cktottos, out of place]. Displacement 
or other abnormality of the distribution of a 
nerve. 

neurenteric (nu-ren-ter'-ik) [neuron; enteron]. 
Pertaining to the embryonic neural canal and the 
intestinal tube. n. canal, a temporary communi- 
cation existing between the neural canal and the 
intestinal tube of the embryo. Syn., Kowalewsky's 
canal. 

neurepithelium (nu-rep-ith-e'-le-um). See neuro- 
epithelium. 

neurexairesis (nu-reks-i-re'-sis) [neuron; Qaipelv, 
to take out]. The extraction of a nerve for relief of 
neuralgia. 

neuria (nu'-re-ah) [neuro-]. Nervous tissue; a 
delicate layer of nerve-substance. 

neuriasis (nu-ri'-as-is) [neuro-]. Hysterical hypo- 
chondriasis. 

neuriatry (nu-ri'-at-re) [neuro-; larpela, therapy]. 
The study and treatment of nervous diseases. 

neuric (nu'-rik) [neuro-]. Pertaining to a nerve or 
to nerves. 

neuricity {nu-ris'-it-e). Nerve-force; nervous 
quality, or function. 

neuridine (nu'-rid-en) [neuron], C5H14N2. A 
ptomaine produced in. the putrefaction of horseflesh, 
beef, human muscle, fish, cheese, etc. It has a 
repulsive odor and is non-poisonous. 

neurilemma (nu-ril-em'-ah) [neuron; Xe/z/ua. bark]. 
1. The sheath incasing a nerve-fiber; the sheath of 
Schwann. See nerve-fiber. 2. See perineurium. 

neurilemmitis (nu-r il-em-i' -lis) [neuro-; \kfifia, 
sheath; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the 
neurilemma. 



neurility (nu-ril'-it-e) [neuro-]. The stimulus or 
power possessed by a nerve-fiber to cause contraction 
of a muscle ; neuricity. 

neurimotility. See nervimotility. 

neurin, neurine (nii'-rin) [neuron]. 1. The albu- 
minous substance forming the basis of nerve tissue. 
2. C5H13NO; a poisonous ptomaine obtained from 
decomposing flesh and in the decomposition of 
protagon by barium hydroxide; an auxetic in cancer; 
it is used as a substitute for cancroin. 3. An extract 
of nerve tissue employed therapeutically. See 
organotherapy. 

neurinoma (nu-rin-o'-mah) . A neurofibroma. 

neurit (nu'-rit) [neuron]. Synonym of neurite. 

neurite {nu'-rit) [neuron]. The axis-cylinder 
process of a nerve-cell; a neuraxon. 

neuritic (nu-rit'-ik) [neuritis]. Pertaining to 
neuritis. 

neuritis (nil-ri'-tis) [neuron; ins, inflammation]. 
Inflammation of a nerve, n., alcoholic. See n., 
multiple, n., ascending, inflammation extending 
from the periphery of a nerve centrad to the spinal 
cord or brain, n., atheromatous, a form in which 
necrotic, inflammatory processes take place in the 
parts of the nerves supplied by arteries affected with 
atheroma, giving rise to symptoms resembling in 
character those of the toxic form, n., axial, n. axialis, 
optic neuritis in which the central fibers of the optic 
nerve, supplying the central part of the retina, are 
diseased. It results in central scotoma, n., de- 
generative. See n., parenchymatous, n., descend- 
ing, neuritis the result of extension of disease from the 
spinal cord or the brain toward the periphery, n., 
diabetic, a polyneuritis sometimes seen in diabetes, 
and probably the result of autointoxication with the 
products of faulty metabolism, n., diphtheritic, 
that which follows diphtheria, n., endemic, beriberi. 
n., facial, peripheral paralysis of the facial nerve. 
n. fascians, interstitial neuritis, n., interstitial, 
inflammation of the inteistitial connective tissue of a 
nerve-trunk, n., leprous, that due to the bacillus 
of leprosy, n., lipomatous, that form, in which the 
nerve-fibers are completely destroyed and replaced 
by a fibrous connective tissue in which much fat is 
deposited, n., lymphatic, mesoneuritis. n., ma- 
larial, neuritis due to the malarial poison, n., 
migrans, a wandering neuritis, n., multiple, the 
simultaneous inflammation of several nerve- trunks, 
usually symmetrically situated on both sides of the 
body. Its most common cause is alcoholic poisoning; 
it may be due to arsenic, malaria, mercury, or lead; 
to diphtheria, pneumonia, typhoid fever, and other 
infectious diseases. Beriberi is a form of multiple 
neuritis, n. nodosa, neuritis with nodular forma- 
tions, n., optic, inflammation of the optic nerve. 
See papillitis, n., parenchymatous, a form in which 
the medullary substance and the axis-cylinders are 
chiefly involved, the interstitial tissue being but 
little altered or affected only secondarily. Syn., 
degenerative neuritis, n., postocular, that affecting 
the portion of the optic nerve behind the eyeball. 
n., pressure-, inflammation of a nerve resulting from 
compression, n., proliferative, that form in which 
the overgrowth of the connective tissue is so extensive 
as to convert the whole nerve into a sclerotic cord. 
n., radicular, that in which the nerve-roots rather 
than the plexus are the seats of inflammation, n., 
retrobulbar, that of the optic nerve posterior to the 
eyeball, n., rheumatic, that due to rheumatism. 
n., sciatic, sciatica, n., segmental, n., segmentary, 
that affecting a segment of a nerve, n., senile, a 
form affecting the extremities of the aged, n., 
toxemic, that due to some poison or virus in the 
blood, n., toxic, that due to some poisonous sub- 
stance, as lead, silver, arsenic, n., tuberculous, 
polyneuritis due to the specific action on the nerves 
of a poison produced by tubercle bacilli. 

neuro- (nii-ro-) [neuron]. A prefix signifying 
connection with or relation to a nerve. 

neuroanatomy (nu-ro-an-at'-o-me) [neuro-; an- 
atomy]. The anatomy of the nervous system. 

neuroarthritism (nu-ro-ar'-thrit-izm). A combined 
nervous and gouty diathesis. 

neuroasthenia (nu-ro-as-the'-ne-ah). Same as 
neurasthenia. 

neuroblast (nu'-ro-blast) [neuro-; /SXao-ros, germ]. 
A cell derived from the primitive ectoderm, and 
giving rise to nerve-fibers and nerve-cell. 

neuroblastoma (nu-ro-blas-to'-mah). A tumor 
consisting of nerve tissue or cells. 



NEUROCANAL 



607 



NEUROMIMESIS 



neurocanal (nu-ro-kan-al') [neuro-; canalis, canal]. 
The central canal of the spinal axis. 

neurocardiac {nu-ro-kar' -de-ak) [neuro-; cardia]. 
Pertaining to the nervous system and the heart. 
n. disease, exophthalmic goiter. 

neurocele (nu'-ro-sel) [neuro; KoCKia, hollow]. The 
system of cavities and ventricles in the cerebrospinal 
axis. 

neurocentral (nu-ro-sen'-tral) [neuro-; Kkvrpov, 
center]. Relating to the neural arch and the centrum 
of a vertebra. 

neurochitin {nu-ro-ki' -tin) [neuro-; chitin]. The 
substance forming the skeletal support of nerve- 
fibers. 

neurochondrous (nu-ro-kon'-drus) [vevpov, cord; 
xovSpos, cartilage]. Fibrocartilaginous. 

neurochorioretinitis (nu-ro-ko-re-o-ret-in-i'-tis) . 

Chorioretinitis combined with optic neuritis. 

neurochoroiditis (nil-ro-ko-roi-di'-tis). Combined 
inflammation of the choroid body and optic nerve. 

neurocranium (nu-ro-kra'-ne-um) [neuro-; upavlov, 
skull]. The brain-case, or cranial portion of the 
head. 

neurocyte (nu'-ro-sit) [neuro-; kvtos, cell]. A 
nerve-cell; a neuron; the essential element of nervous 
structures. 

neurocytoma (nu-ro-si-to'-mah). A tumor con- 
sisting of undifferentiated nerve tissues or cells of the 
cerebrospinal nervous system. 

neurodealgia {nu-ro-de-aV -je-ah) [vevp&Srjs, nerve- 
like; the retina; a\yos, pain]. Retinal pain. 

neurodeatrophia (nu-ro-de-at-ro'-fe-ah) [vevptobns, 
retina; arpoQia, atrophy]. Atrophy of the retina. 

neurodendrite (nil-ro-den'-drit) [neuro-; 8ei>8pov, 
a tree]. A dendritic and protoplasmic extension or 
process of a nerve-cell, a combined neuron and 
dendron. 

neurodendron (nu-ro-den'-dron) [see neurodendrite]. 
I. Synonym of neuron. 2. See neurodendrite. 

neurodermatitis (nu-ro-der-mat-i'-tis) [neuro-; der- 
matitis]. A neurotic affection of the skin associated 
with itching. 

neurodermatosis (nil-ro-der-mat-o'-sis) [neuro- ; 
8epna, skin; voaos, disease]. A neurotic skin-affection. 

neurodermatrophia (nu-ro-der-mat-ro'-fe-ah) [neu- 
ro-; Sepfia, skin; drpo0ia, atrophy]. Atrophy of the 
skin from nervous disturbance. 

neurodes (nii-ro'-dez) [vevpwS-ns, nerve-like]. The 
retina, as being made up of nerve-elements. 

neurodiastasis (nil-ro-di-as'-tas-is) [neuro-; diaa- 
ratrts, separation]. Separation of nerves; neurectasis. 

neurodin (nii'-ro-din) [neuron]. Acetylparaoxy- 
phenylurethane, a crystalline substance used as an 
antineuralgic and antipyretic. Dose, antineuralgic, 
15-24 gr. (1. 0-1.5 Gm.); as antipyretic, 5-10 gr. 
(0.32-0.65 Gm.). 

neurodynamia (nu-ro-di-nam'-e-ah) [neuro-; 8vva.fj.is, 
strength]. Nervous strength or energy. 

neurodynamic (nu-ro-di-nam'-ik) [neuro-; Swa/us, 
strength]. Pertaining to the power of a nerve- 
current or of the nervous forces of the system. 

neurodynia (nu-ro-din'-e-ah). See neuralgia. 

neuroelectrotherapeutics {nu-ro-e-lek-tro-ther-a-pu'- 
tiks). The treatment of nervous affections by elec- 
tricity. 

neuroenteric (nu-ro-en-ter'-ik). Same as neur- 
enteric. 

neuroepidermal (nii-ro-ep-e-der'-mal) . Relating to 
the nerves and the skin. 

neuroepithelial (nu-ro-ep-ith-e'-le-al) [neuro-; hti, 
upon; (#17X17, nipple]. Pertaining to or of the nature 
of neuroepithelium. 

neuroepithelioma {nu-ro-ep-e-the-le-o'-mah) [neuro- ; 
epithelioma]. A glioma of the retina. 

neuroepithelium {nu-ro-ep-e-the' -le-um) [neuro- ; 
epithelium]. The highly specialized epithelial struc- 
tures constituting the terminations of the nerves of 
special sense, as the rod-and-cone cells of the retina, 
the olfactory cells of the nose, the hair-cells of the 
internal ear, the gustatory cells of the taste-buds. 

neurofibril (nu-ro-fi'-bril). A conducting fibril 
of a nerve-cell. 

neurofibroma (nu-ro-fi-bro'-mah) [neuro-; fibroma]. 
A tumor of a nerve composed of fibrous tissue. 

neurofibromatosis (nu-ro-fi-bro-ma-to'-sis) [neuro- 
fibroma], A disease characterized by the formation 
of numerous great and small tumefactions of the 
nerves. Syn., Recklinghausen's disease. 

neurofil \nu'-ro-fil) [neuro- ; filum, thread]. A net- 
work of protoplasmic processes arising from the 



commencement of the axis-cylinder and surrounding 
the cell. 

neuroganglion {nu-ro-gang' -gle-on) . See ganglion. 

neurogastric (nu-ro-gas'-trik). Relating to the 
nerves and the stomach. 

neurogenesis (nu-ro-jen'-es-is) [neuro-; yewav, to 
produce]. The formation of nerves or nerve tissue. 

neurogenetic (nu-ro-jen-et'-ik) [neurogenesis]. Per- 
taining to neurogenesis. 

neurogenous (nu-roj'-en-us). Originating in the 
nervous system. 

neurogeny (nu-roj'-en-e). See neurogenesis. 
_ neuroglia (nii-rog'-le-ah) [neuro-; y\la, glue]. The 
tissue, probably of ectodermic origin, forming the 
basis of the supporting framework of the nervous 
tissue of the cerebrospinal axis. It consists of 
peculiar cells, the glia-cells, having many fine branch- 
ing processes. 

neurogliar (nu-rog'-le-ar) [neuroglia]. Pertaining 
to or resembling neuroglia. 

neuroglioma (nu-ro-gli-o'-mah) [neuro-; glioma]. 
A tumor composed of neurogliar tissue; a glioma. 
n., ganglionar, n. ganglionare, a glioma containing 
ganglion-cells. 

neurography (nil-rog'-ra-fe) [neuro-; ypaxpew, to 
write]. A treatise on the anatomy and physiology 
of the nerves and the nervous system. 

neurohistology (nu-ro-his-tol'-o-je). The histology 
of the nervous system. 

neurohypnology (nii-ro-hip-nol'-o-je) [neuro-; inrvos, 
sleep; \6yos, science]. The science or study of 
hypnotism. % 

neuroid (nu'-roid) [neuro-; elSos, like]. Resembling 
a nerve or nerve-substance. 

neurokeratin (nu-ro-ker'-at-in) [neuro-; keratin]. 
The form of keratin found in nerve-sheaths and 
the white_ substance of Schwann. 

neurokinet {nu-ro-kin' -et) [neuro-; mvelv, to move]. 
An apparatus for stimulating the nerves by means 
of mechanical percussion. 

neurokyme inu'-ro-kim) [neuro-; Kvp-a, a wave]. 
Nervous energy. 

neurolemma (nil-ro-lem'-ah). Synonym of retina. 

neurolemmatitis (nu-ro-lem-at-i'-tis). A synonym 
of retinitis. 

neurological (nu-ro-loj' r ik-al) [neurology]. Per- 
taining to neurology. 

neurologist {nu-rol'-o-jist) [neurology]. One versed 
in neurology. 

neurology (nu-rol'-o-je) [neuro-; \6yos, science]. 
The branch of medicine dealing with the anatomy, 
physiology, and pathology of the nervous system. 

neurolymph (nu'-ro-limf) [neuro-; lymph]. The 
cerebro-spinal fluid. 

neurolysin {nii-rol' -is-in) [see neurolysis]. A cyto- 
lysin having specific action upon nerve-cells. 

neurolysis {nii-rol' -is-is) [neuro-; Xutris, solution], 
1. Exhaustion of a nerve in consequence of over- 
stimulation. 2. Nerve stretching for the relief of 
excessive tension. 3. The loosening of adhesions 
binding a nerve. 4. The disintegration of nerve 
tissue. 

neurolytic (nu-ro-lit'-ik) [neuro-; Xwus, a loosening]. 
Pertaining to neurolysis. 

neuroma (nu-ro'-mah) [neuro-; Sua, tumor]. 1. A 
tumor composed of nerve tissue. 2. A fibroma on 
a nerve, n., amputation-, the neuroma of a stump, 
forming at the end of a divided nerve, n., amyelinic, 
a neuroma made up of nonmedullated nerve-fibers. 
n. cutis, a cutaneous neuroma, n. false, a fibro- 
matous tumor forming on a nerve, n., ganglionic,, 
n., ganglionated, a neuroma made up of nerve-cells. 
n., myelinic, one made up of medullated nerve- 
fibers, n., plexiform, the development of multiple 
fibromatous tumors along the course of one or more 
nerves, attended with hyperplasia of the nerve- 
fibers, n. telangiectodes, a vascular neuroma, 
n., traumatic, one occurring in a wound or ampu- 
tation stump, n., true, a tumor containing nerve 
cells. 

neuromalacia (nil-ro-mal-a'-she-ah) [neuro-; fj.a\a.~ 
Kia, a softening]. A softening of nerve-tissue. 

neuromatosis (nil-ro-mat-o'-sis) [neuro- ; 6p.a, tumor; 
voaos, disease]. A morbid tendency to the formation 
of neuromata. 

neuromatous (nii-ro'-mat-us) [neuroma]. Of the 
nature of a neuroma. 

neuromere (nu'-ro-mer) [neuro-; nepos, a part]. 
A natural segment of the cerebrospinal axis. 

neuromimesis (nu-ro-mi-me' -sis) [neuro-; ni/irjirit. 



NEUROMIMETIC 



608 



NEUROTHELION 



imitation]. Hysteric phenomena resembling true 
organic disease. 

neuromimetic {nu-ro-mi-met'-ik). Pertaining to 
neuromimesis. 

neuromuscular (nu-ro-mus'-ku-lar) [neuro-; muscu- 
lar]. Pertaining conjointly to nerves and muscles. 

neuromyelitis {nu-ro-mi-el-i'-tis) [neuro-; myelitis]. 
Inflammation of myelonic substance or of the 
medulla spinalis. 

neuromyology (nic-ro-mi-ol'-o-je) [neuro-; myology]. 
The classification of muscles with regard to their 
innervation. 

neuromyopathic (nu-ro-mi-o-path'-ik) [neuro-; nvs, 
muscle; -k&Bos, disease]. Relating to disease of both 
muscles and nerves. . 

neuromyositis (nu-ro-mi-o-si'-tis) [neuro-; my- 
ositis]. Myositis associated with neuritis. 

neuron, neurone (nu'-ron, nu'-ron) [v&jpov, nerve], 
i. The cerebrospinal axis taken as a whole, a. One 
of the countless number of units of which the nervous 
system is composed. Each neuron consists of a cell 
and a series of processes. In every physiological 
act involving the nervous system at least two, 
usually more, neurons participate. The neuron at 
which the impulse starts is termed archineuron; 
the one at the termination, the teleneuron. See also 
nerve-cell, n.s, Edinger's law concerning. See 
under Edinger. n.s, Goldscheider-Marinesco's law 
concerning. See under Golds cheider. n., inter- 
nuncial, one interposed between an afferent neurone 
and an efferent neurone, n.-threshold, the degree 
of excitation of a neuron whicMf' just suffices to 
produce a sensation in another with which it is in 
contact. 

neuronal, neuronic (nu'-ron-al, nu-ron'-ik). i. Re- 
lating to a neuron. 2. Trade name of a preparation 
said to be sedative and hypnotic. 

neuronephric (nu-ro-nef'-rik) [neuro-; ve<f>p6s, the 
kidney]. Pertaining to the nervous and renal sys- 
tems. 

neuronophagia, neuronophagy (nu-ron-o-fa'-je-ah, 
nu-ron-off'-aj-e) [neuro-; tpayelv, to eat]. The de- 
struction of neurones by phagocytes. 

neuronosus (nu-ron'-o-sus) [neuro-; v6<ros, disease]. 
Synonym of neurosis, n. of the skin, neurotic skin- 
disease. 

neuronymy (nu-ron'-im-e) [neuro-; ovvfia, a name]. 
Neurologic nomenclature. 

neuronyxis (nu-ro-niks'-is) [neuro-; vvaoeiv, to 
prick]. The puncturing of nerves. 

neuro-occipital {nu-ro-ok-sip'-it-al). Relating to a 
neural arch and the occiput. 

neuroparalysis (nu-ro-par-al'-is-is) [neuro-; par- 
alysis]. Paralysis due to disease of a nerve. 

neuropathic (nil-ro-path'-ik) [neuro-; irLBos, dis- 
ease]. 1. Characterized by a diseased or imperfect 
nervous system. 2. Depending upon or pertaining 
to nervous disease, n. eschar, a bed-sore following 
disease of the spinal cord. 

neuropathogenesis (nu-ro-path-o-jen'-es-is) [neuro- ; 
pathogenesis]. The development of a disease of the 
nervous system. 

neuropathology (nu-ro-path-ol'-o-je) [neuro-; path- 
ology]. The pathology of diseases of the nervous 
system. 

neuropathy (nu-rop'-ath-e) [neuro-; irados, disease]. 
Any nervous disease. 

neurophlegmon (nu-ro-fleg'-mon) [neuro-; phleg- 
mon]. Neuritis. 

neurophonia (nil-ro-fo'-ne-ah) [neuro-; <f>wvr), voice]. 
A rare choreic disease of the larynx and muscles of 
expiration characterized by the utterance of sharp, 
spasmodic cries. 

neurophysiology (nu-ro-fiz-e-ol'-o-je) [neuro- ; physi- 
ology]. The physiology of the nervous system. 

neuropilem, neuropilema (nu-ro-pi'-lem, -pi-le'- 
mah) [neuro-; iriXos, felt]. The dense mat of fibrils 
formed in some parts by the branching nerve- 
processes. 

neuroplasm (nu'-ro-plazm) [neuro-; liKaaraeiv, to 
mold]. The protoplasm filling the interstices of the 
fibrils of nerve-cells. 

neuroplasty (nu'-ro-plas-te) [see neuroplasm], A 
plastic operation on the nerves; nerve-grafting. 

neuroplex, neuroplexus (nii'-ro-pleks, nu-ro-pleks'- 
us). A plexus of nerves. 

neuroploca (nu-rop'-lo-kah) [neuro-; ttXokti, a 
twisting]. A ganglion of the nervous system. 

neuropodium (nu-ro-po'-de-um) [neuro-; irovs, foot: 
pi., neuropodia]. A dendraxon. 



neuropore (nu'-ro-Por) [neuro-; iropos, pore]. A 
small opening at the anterior extremity of the 
primary telencephalon; a pore between the neural 
canal and the exterior, in certain embryos. 

neuropsychology (nu-ro-si-kol'-o-je) [neuro-; psy- 
chology], A system of psychology based on neurology. 

neuropsychopathy (nu-ro-si-kop'-ath-e) [neuro-; 
ipvxn, mind; voaos, disease]. A mental disease based 
upon, or manifesting itself in, nervous disorders or 
symptoms. 

neuropsychosis (nu-ro-si-ko'-sis) [neuro-; psy- 
chosis], A combined nervous and mental disease. 

neurorelapse (nu-ro-re-laps'). The manifestation 
of nervous symptoms in syphilis occurring after an 
injection of salvarsan. 

neuroretinitis (nu-ro-ret-in-i'-lis) [neuro-; retinitis]. 
Inflammation of both the optic nerve and the retina. 

neurorrhaphy (nu-ror'-a-fe) [neuro-; t>a<t>T}, suture]. 
The operation of suturing a divided nerve. 

neurorrheuma (nu-ror-ru'-mah) [neuro-; pevfia, 
flow]. Nervous force. 

neurorrhexis (nu-ro-reks'-is). The forcible tearing 
out of a nerve in the treatment of persistent neuralgia. 

Neurorrhyctes hydrophobic (nu-ro-rik'-tes hi-dro- 
fo'-be-e) [neuro-; opwcrT/s, a digger]. A Negri body, 
supposed to be the cause of rabies. 

neurosal (nu-ro'-sal). Pertaining to, or of the 
nature of, a neurosis. 

neurosarcokleisis (nu-ro-sar-ko-kli'-sis) [neuro-; 
<rap£, flesh; /cXeio-is, closure]. An operation performed 
for the relief of neuralgia; pressure on the affected 
nerve is relieved by partial resection of the osseous 
canal through which it passes, and transplanting it 
(the nerve) in the soft tissues. 

neurosarcoma (nu-ro-sar-ko'-mah). A combined 
neuroma and sarcoma. 

neurosclerosis (nu-ro-skle-ro'-sis) [neuro-; akXypos, 
hard]. Sclerosis of nervous tissue. 

neurosin (nu-ro'-sin) [neuron], A trade name for 
several preparations, containing calcium, glycerol, 
and phosphates. 

neurosis (nu-ro'-sis) [neuron]. Any morbid nerv- 
ous state. A functional disease of the nervous 
system — a disturbance of the nerve-centers or 
peripheral nerves not due to any demonstrable 
structural change, n., cyclists', painful hyper- 
esthesia of the skin of the scrotum, perineum, 
and thighs from excess in bicycle-riding, n., fatigue, 
neurasthenia, n., occupation-, n., professional, a 
functional disorder affecting groups of muscles used 
in the performance of special movements, n., 
traumatic, any deviation from the normal state of 
the nervous system caused by violence, n., West- 
phal's. See under Westphal. 

neurosism (jiu'-ro-sizm). Same as neurasthenia. 

neuroskeleton (nu-ro-skeV -et-on) [neuro-; skeleton]. 
The vertebrate endoskeleton, or true skeleton; so- 
called from being made up of parts that correspond 
with and largely serve to protect portions of the 
central nervous system. 

neurosomes (nii'-ro-somz) [neuro-; aufia, a body]. 
Minute granules, variable in size, observed at the 
nodal points of the protoplasm of axis-cylinders. 

neurospasm (nu'-ro-spazm) [neuro-; spasm]. 
Nervous spasm or twitching of a muscle. 

neurospongium (nu-ro-spun'-je-iim) [neuro-; 0-71-07- 
ylov, dim. of 0-71-67705, a sponge]. The inner reticular 
layer of the retina. 

neurostearic (nu-ro-ste-ar'-ik) [neuro-; arkap, fat]. 
Pertaining to nervous tissue and fat. n. acid, 
C18H36O2. An acid isomeric with stearic acid, 
occurring in the brain. 

neurosthenia (nu-ro-sthe'-ne-ah) [neuro-; adkvos, 
power]. Great nervous power, or abnormal excitation 
of the nervous centers. 

neurosuture {nu-ro-su'-tur). The suture of" a 
nerve. 

neurotabes (nu-ro-ta'-bez) [neuro-; tabes, wasting], 
A form of multiple neuritis resembling posterior 
sclerosis. 

neurotagma (nu-ro-tag'-mah) [neuro-; rayna, that 
which has been arranged]. A linear arrangement of 
the structural elements of a neuron. 

neurotension {n-H-ro-ten'-shun). See neurectasis. 

neurothele (nu-ro-the'-le) [neuro-; dri\r], a nipple]. 
A nerve-papilla. 

neurotneleitis, neurothelitis {nu-ro-the-le-i'-tis, nu- 
ro-the-li'-tis). Inflammation of a nerve papilla. 

neurothelion, neurothelium (nii-ro-the'-le-on, -urn) 
[neurothele], A small nerve-papilla. 



NEUROTHERAPY 



609 



NICOTINISM 



neurotherapy (nu-ro-ther'-ap-e) [neuro-; Bepaireia, 
treatment]. The treatment of nervous diseases. 

neurothlipsis (nu-ro-thlip'-sis) [neuro-; 0\i(3eiv, 
to press]. Pressure on a nerve. 

neurotic (nu-rot'-ik) [neuron], i. Pertaining to the 
nerves; nervous. 2. Pertaining to neuroses. 3. 
Having a disordered nervous system; suffering from a 
neurosis. 

neurotica (nil-rot' -ik-ah) [neuron]. Functional 
nervous diseases. 

neuroticism (nu-rot' -is-izm) . The condition of 
having a disordered nervous system or of suffering 
from a neurosis. 

neurotization (nu-rot-iz-a' -shun) . The regeneration 
of a divided nerve. 

neurotome (nu'-ro-tom) [neuro-; tout), a cutting]. 

1. A needle-like knife for the division of a nerve. 

2. The nerve tissues of an embryonic metamere; a 
neural segment or neuromere. 

neurotomy (nu-rot' -o-me) [see neurotome]. The 
division of a nerve. 

neurotonia, neurotony (nil-ro-to'-ne-ah, nu-rot'- 
on-e). See nerve-stretching. 

neurotonic (nu-ro-ton'-ik). 1. Pertaining to 
neurotony. 2. Having a tonic effect upon the 
nerves, n. reaction, a rare form of electric reaction 
exhibited in a persistent tetanic quivering of the 
muscles following irritation of the nerve-stems. 

neurotoxic (nil-ro-toks'-ik) [neuro-; to£lk6v, a 
poison]. Having toxic action on neurons. 

neurotoxin (nu-ro-toks'-in). A cy to toxin capable 
of destroying nerve cells. 

neurotripsy (nu-ro-trip'-se) [neuro-; rplfieip, to rub]. 
The crushing of a nerve. 

neurotrophasthenia (nu-ro-trof-as-the'-ne-ah) [neu- 
ro-; rpcxpr], nourishment; asthenia]. Malnutrition of 
the nerves. 

neurotrophic (nu-ro-tro'-fik) [neuro-; rpcxpri, nourish- 
ment]. Depending on or attained through the 
trophic influence exercised by the nerves. 

neurotrophy (nu-rot'-ro-fe) [neuro-; rpo<pi), nourish- 
ment]. The nourishment of a nerve. 

neurotropic (nu-ro-trop'-ik) [neuro-; rpoiros, a turn]. 
That which "turns towards" (*. e., has a chemical 
affinity for) nervous tissue. 

neurotropism (nil-rot' -ro-pizm) [neuro-; rpbiros, a 
turn]. The attraction or repulsion exercised upon 
regenerating nerve-fibers. A substance is said to 
have positive neurotropism when these regenerating 
nerve-fibers have a tendency to grow toward and 
into it; negative, when they avoid it. 

neurotrosis, neurotrosmus (nil-rot' -ro-sis, nu-ro- 
troz'-mus) [neuro-; rpibais, a wounding]. The wound- 
ing of a nerve. _ 

neurovaricosis (nu-ro-var-ik-o'-sis) [neuro-; varix]. 
A varicosity on a nerve-fiber, or the formation of one. 

neurovascular (nu-ro-vas'-ku-lar). Pertaining to 
both the nervous and vascular structures. 

neurypnology (nu-rip-nol'-o-je). See neurohyp- 
nology. 

Neusser's granules (noy'-ser) [Edmund von 
Neusser, Austrian physician, 1852- ]. Baso- 
philic granules sometimes found in the leukocytes 
of the blood, near the nuclei. They are regarded 
by Xeusser as being closely connected with the uric- 
acid diathesis, but their presence has been noticed 
also in other conditions. 

neutral (nu'-tral) [neuter, neither]. Neither alka- 
line nor acid; bland and soothing; inactive, n. 
mixture, solution of potassium citrate. See potassium 
citrate, solution of. 

neutralization (nu-lral-iz-a'-shun) [neuter, neither]. 
That process or operation that precisely counter- 
balances or cancels the action of an agent. In medi- 
cine, the process of checking the operation of any 
agent that produces a morbid effect. In chemistry, 
a change of reaction to that which is neither alkaline 
nor acid. 

neutralize (nu-tral'-iz) [neutral]. To render neutral; 
to render inert; to counterbalance an action or influ- 
ence. 

neutrolactis (nu-tro-lak'-tU). A galactagogue said 
to be a liquid extract of Galega officinalis. 

neutrophil, neutrophile (nu'-tro-fil) [neuter, neither; 
<pCKm, loving]. 1. Stained readily by neutral dyes; 
applied to certain cells. 2. A leukocyte or histological 
element readily stainable with neutral dyes. n. 
leukocytes, leukocytes the protoplasm of which con- 
tains granules colored by neutral stains. 

nevoid (ne'-void) [ncevus, birth-mark; eUos, like]. 
21 



Resembling a nevus, n. elephantiasis. See lymph- 
scrotum. 

nevolipoma (ne-vo-lip-o'-mah). A rare form of 
lipoma containing a large number of blood-vessels, 
considered a degenerated nevus. 

nevose (ne'-vos) [nevus]. Spotted, having naevi. 

nevus, naevus (ne'-vus) [L., ncevus; pi., ncevi]. 

1. A circumscribed area of pigmentation; a mole. 

2. An angioma of the skin, usually congenital. 
Syn., mother's mark, naevus araneus. See acne 
rosacea, n., capillary, one that involves the capil- 
laries of the skin, n., cutaneous, a nevus of the 
skin, naevus fiammeus, port-wine mark, a diffuse, 
very slightly raised red or purplish variety of naevus 
maternus, involving part of the face, naevus lipo- 
matodes, a large, soft mole containing a quantity of 
fat and loose connective tissue, naevus maternus. 
See nevus (2). naevus pigmentosus, a mole; a cir- 
cumscribed, congenital pigmentary deposit in the 
skin, varying in color from a light fawn to a blackish 
tint, and often associated with hypertrophy of 
the hairs, naevus vascularis. See nevus (2). naevus 
vascularis fungosus, n. vascularis tuberosus, a 
cavernous angioma marked by formation of red or 
bluish erectile tumors. 

newgrowth (nu'-groth). A circumscribed new 
formation of tissue, characterized by abnormality of 
structure or location. As generally used, the term 
includes all true tumors, as well as tumor-like growths 
due to microorganisms, as the gumma and tuberculous 
tumor. Syn., neoplasm. 

Newton's color-rings (nu'-ton) [Sir Isaac Newton, 
English physicist, 1642-1726]. The colorings pro- 
duced when a cover-glass is pressed upon a slide; 
they are the result of chromatic aberration. 

nexus (neks' -us) [nectere, to bind]. A tying or 
binding together; an interlacing, n. nervorum opti- 
corum, the chiasm, n. stamineus oculi, the ciliary 
body. 

N. F. Abbreviation of National Formulary, q. v. 

Ni. The chemical symbol for, nickel. 

nibble (nib' -I). To gnaw; to eat in small bits. 

niccolic (nik-ol'-ik) [niccolum, nickel]. Containing 
nickel. 

niccolum (nik'-ol-um). Latin for nickel. 

nickel (nik'-l) [G.]. Symbol Ni; atomic weight 
58.68; quantivalence II, IV. A metal of silver-white 
luster, resembling iron in phsyical properties. See 
elements, table of chemical, n. bromide, NiBr2 +3H2O, 
has been used in epilepsy. Dose 5-10 gr. (0.32- 
0.65 Gm.). n. chloride, NiCh, has been used as a 
tonic in anemia. Dose 2 gr. (0.13 Gm.). n. sul- 
phate, NiS04+7H20, has been used as a tonic. 
Dose |-i gr. (0.032-0.065 Gm.). 

nicking (nik'-ing) [origin obscure]. The incising 
of a horse's tail near the root, to cause it to be carried 
higher. 

Nickle's test for distinguishing glucose from cane- 
sugar (ne-kla') [Francois Joseph Jerome Nickle, 
French chemist, 1821-1869]. Heat the sugar for 
some time to ioo° C. with carbon tetrachloride; 
cane-sugar is turned black by the process and glucose 
is not. 

nico (nik'-o). Same as symphorol, q. v. 

Nicol's prism (nik'-ol) [William Nicol, English 
physicist, 1768-1851]. A polished prism of Iceland- 
spar, cut diagonally across the principal axis, the 
sections being joined together by means of Canada 
balsam . 1 1 has the property of reflecting the ordinary 
ray of light out of the field, while the so-called polar- 
ized ray is transmitted. 

Nicolaier's bacillus (nik-o-li'-er) [Arthur Nicolaier, 
German physician, 1862- ]. The Bacillus tetani. 

nicotiana (nik-o-she-a'-nah) [Jean Nicot, French 
diplomat, 1530-1600]. See tobacco. 

nicotianin (nik-o-she-a'-nin). The volatile prin- 
ciple to which tobacco owes its flavor. 

nicotianomania (nik-o-she-an-o-ma'-ne-ah) [nicotine ; 
mania]. Insane craving for tobacco. 

nicotine (nik' -o-ten) , OoHuNi. A liquid poisonous 
alkaloid found in the leaves of the tobacco-plant. 
n. bitartrate, white soluble crystals used in tetanus 
and as an antidote in strychnine-poisoning, n. 
salicylate, hexagonal tablets containing 54 % of 
nicotine; recommended in scabies in 1 % lanolin 
ointment, n. tartrate, CioH^MOHeOe) +2H2O, a 
solution more stable than that of the free alkaloid or 
the other salts. 

nicotinism (nik'-o-tin-izm) [nicotine]. The morbid 
effects from the continued or excessive use of tobacco. 



NICOULIN 



610 



NITRIC 



nicoulin (nik'-oo-lin). A drug which has been used 
in tetanus. 

nictation (nik-ta'-shun) . Same as nictitation. 

nictitating (nik'-tit-a-ting) [see nictitation]. Winking. 
n. membrane. See membrane, nictitating, n. spasm, 
blepharospasm. 

nictitation (nik-tit-a'-shun) [nictitare, to wink]. 
Abnormal frequency of winking. 

nidal (ni'-dal). Pertaining to a nidus. 

nidation (ni-da'-shun) [nidus, nest]. The develop- 
ment of an endometrial epithelium in an inter- 
menstrual period. 

nidulus (nid'-u-lus). The nucleus or origin of a 
nerve. 

nidus (ni'-dus) [L., "nest"], i. A central point 
or focus of infection; a place in which an organism 
finds conditions suitable for growth and development. 
2. A collection of ganglion-cells at the deep origin of 
a cranial nerve; a nucleus, n. avis, n. hirundinis, a 
deep fossa in the cerebellum situated between the 
posterior medullary velum in front and the nodule 
and uvula behind. 

Niemeyer's pill (ne'-mi-er) [Felix von Niemeyer, 
German physician, 1820-1871]. 1. A pill of quinine, 
1 gr., digitalis, \ gr., and opium, \ gr. It is used in 
pulmonary tuberculosis, and is taken every six hours. 
2. A pill of digitalis, squill and calomel or mass of 
mercury; used as a diuretic. 

night-blindness. See nyctalopia. 

night-blooming cereus. See cactus grandiflorus. 

night-cries. A symptom of nervous or physical 
^disorders of children, and especially of the early 
'stage of hip-disease. The child cries out in its sleep 
from pain produced by reflex spasmodic twitching of 
the muscles already abnormally irritable. 

nightingale (ni' -tin- gal) [after Florence Night- 
ingale, a nurse, 1820-1910]. A short cape used in 
hospitals to protect the shoulders and chest of nurses 
and patients. 

nightmare [AS., neaht, night; mara, mare]. A 
dream characterized by great distress and a sense of 
oppression or suffocation. 

night-pain. A symptom of hip-disease; pain in 
the hip or knee occurring during muscular relaxation 
of the limb in sleep. 

night palsy. Numbness of the extremities occurring 
during the night, or on waking in the morning, 
affecting women about the period of the menopause. 

nightshade (nit' -shad). A name applied to plants 
of the genus Solanum. n., deadly, a poisonous plant, 
Atropa belladonna. See belladonna. 

night-soil. The contents of privy-vaults (often 
removed in the night). This material is largely 
employed as manure. 

night-sweat. The profuse nocturnal sweating 
often observed in pulmonary tuberculosis and other 
wasting disorders. 

night-terrors (nit'-ter-orz). Distressing dreams 
occurring in children and causing them to wake up 
with cries of fear. Syn., pavor nocturnus. 

night-walking. See somnambulism. 

nigranilin (ni-gran'-il-in). Anilin-black. 

nigredo (ni-gre'-do) [niger, black]. Same as 
melasma. 

nigrescent (ni-gres'-ent) [nigrescere, to become 
black]. Turning black; blackish, dusky. 

nigrismus (ni-griz'-mus) [L.]. Synonym of nigredo. 
n. linguae, black tongue. 

nigritia, nigrities (ni-grish'-e-ah, ni-grish' -e-ez) . 
Same as nigrismus, and glossophytia. 

nigrosine (ni'-gro-sen) [niger, black]. A blue- 
black anilin dye. used in staining brain tissue. 

nihil album (ni'-hil). Flowers of zinc; crude zinc 
oxide, n. grascum, zinc oxide. 

nihilism (ni'-hil-izm) [nihil, nothing]. Pessimism 
in regard to the efficacy of drugs. 

niin (ni'-in). A fatty substance allied to and 
probably identical with axin. 

Nikiforoff's method of fixation of blood-films 
(nik-e-for'-off) [Mikhail Nikiforovich Nikiforoff, 
Russian physician, 1858- ]. This consists in 
immersion of the dried films in ether, in absolute 
alcohol, or in a mixture of equal parts of the two. 

Nikolsky's sign (nik-ol'-ske) [Pyotr Vasilyevich 
Nikolsky, Russian dermatologist, 1855- ]. Ex- 
cessive sensibility of the skin with loss of the super- 
ficial layer, on receipt of a slight injury. 

ninhydrin (nin-hi'-drin). Trade name of triketo- 
hydrindene-hydrate, C6H 4 (CO) 2 C(OH)2. It is soluble 
in water, and gives a color reaction with albumin, 



peptones, polypeptids and amino acids. It is also 
used in Abderhalden's test for pregnancy. 

ninth nerve. The glossopharyngeal nerve. For- 
merly the hypoglossal nerve (the twelfth) was called 
the ninth nerve. 

niobium (ni-o'-be-um) [Nio0r}, the daughter of 
Tantalus]. A rare metal, akin to bismuth and to 
antimony; symbol Nb; atomic weight 93.5. It is also 
known as columbium. Its medicinal properties are 
little known. [ See Elements, Table of. 

niphablepsia (nif-ah-blep'-se-ah) [vl<j>a, snow; 
&p\&pla, blindness]. Snow-blindness. 

niphotyphlosis (nif-o-tif-lo'-sis) [vi<f>a, snow; tv<1>- 
\w<Tis, blindness]. Snow-blindness. 

niopo [Venezuelan name]. A snuff prepared from 
the seeds of Piptadenia peregrina, which produces 
an intoxication approaching frenzy. 

nippers (nip'-erz). An instrument for seizing 
small bodies, n., bone, an instrument for grasping 
small bits of bone. 

nipple (nip'-l) [allied to neb, the beak of a bird, 
from AS., nebb, the face]. The conical projection in 
the center of the mamma, containing the outlets of 
the milk-ducts, n., cracked, a nipple the epidermis 
of which is broken in places, n., crater. See «., 
retracted, n.-line, a vertical line drawn on the surface 
of the chest through the nipple, n.-protector, a 
device worn by nursing women to protect the nipple. 
It is called also a nipple-shield, n., retracted, a 
nipple drawn below the surrounding level, n. shield. 
Seen, protector. 

nirls, nirles (nerlz) [origin obscure]. A variety of 
herpes. 

nirlus (nir'-lus) [origin obscure]. An ephemeral 
papular eruption sometimes following measles or 
scarlatina. 

nirvanine (nir-van'-en). The hydrochloride of 
diethylglycocoll-paraamido-o-oxybenzoic-methyl- es- 
ter, It is a local anesthetic, one-tenth as toxic as 
cocaine, used by Schleich's infiltration method in 
0.2-o.s % solution; in dentistry in 2 to 5 % solution. 

Nisbet's chancre [William Nisbet, English physi- 
cian, 1759-1822]. Nodular abscesses on the penis 
following acute lymphangitis from soft chancre. 
Syn., Bubonuli nisbethii. 

Nissl's bodies (nis'-l) [Franz Nissl, German 
neurologist, i860- ]. Chromophile corpuscles. 
The chromophilic bodies of a nerve-cell; finely granu- 
lar bodies, of various sizes and shapes, brought out 
between the cytoreticulum by staining with Nissl's 
stain. Syn., tigroid masses. N.'s degeneration, the 
slow atrophic change which a neurone undergoes 
when it is prevented from functionating. N.'s 
stain, methylene-blue. 

nisus (ni'-sus) [L., "effort," from niti, to endeavor]. 
1. Any strong effort or struggle. 2. The periodic 
desire for procreation manifested in the spring season 
by certain species of animals. 3. The contraction 
of the diaphragm and abdominal muscles for the 
expulsion of the feces or the urine. 

nit [AS,, hnitu, a nit]. The egg or larva of a 
louse. 

niter (ni'-ter) [Ar., nitrun, natron]. Potassium 
nitrate or saltpeter, n., cubic, sodium nitrate. 
n., rough, magnesium chloride, n., sweet spirit of 
(spiritus cetheris nitrosi, U. S. P.), spirit of nitrous 
ether, an alcoholic solution of ethyl nitrite. Dose 
in fever 20-30 min. (1.3-2.0 Cc); as a diuretic 30-60 
min. (2-4 Cc). 

Nithsdale neck [Nithsdale, a valley in Dumfries, 
Scotland]. Goiter. 

niton (ni'-ton). A name proposed by Ramsey for 
radium emanation considered as a new element; 
symbol Nt, atomic weight 222.4. 

nitragin (ni'-traj-in). A nitrifying bacterial fer- 
ment obtained from the root-tubercles of leguminous 
plants. 

nitrate (ni'-trat). A salt of nitric acid. 

nitrated (ni' -Ira-ted). Combined with nitric acid. 

nitratine (ni'-tra-ten). Sodium nitrate. 

nitration (ni-tra'-shun) [nitric]. The process of 
combining or treating with nitric acid. 

nitre (ni'-ter). See niter. 

nitric (ni'-trik) [niter]. Pertaining to or containing 
niter, n. acid. See acid, nitric, n.-acid test, attest 
for albumin, consisting in the addition of nitric acid 
to the suspected fluid — if albumin is present, a pre- 
cipitate is formed. The test is usually applied 
by superimposing the suspected fluid over the acid. 
Syn., Heller's test. 



NITRIFICATION 



611 



NOBLE CELLS 



nitrification (ni-trif-ik-a'-shun) [niter; facer e, to 
make]. The conversion of the nitrogen of ammonia 
and organic compounds into nitrous and nitric acids, 
a process constantly going on in nature under the 
influence of certain bacteria and other agencies. 

nitrifier (ni'-trif-i-er). A nitrifying microorganism. 

nitrifying (ni'-trif-i-ing). Applied to bacteria 
which oxidize ammonia to nitrous and nitric 
acids. 

nitril (ni'-tril) [niter]. A compound of cyanogen 
with an alcohol radical in which the nitrogen is 
trivalent and the radical is united to the remaining 
carbon atom. The nitrils are readily converted into 
acids. 

nitrite (ni'-trit) [niter]. A salt of nitrous acid. 
See amyl nitrite, potassium nitrite, sodium nitrite. 
The nitrites produce dilatation of the blood-vessels, 
diminution of the blood-pressure, increased rapidity 
of the pulse, and depression of the motor centers in 
the spinal cord. They are used as antispasmodics 
in asthma and angina pectoris, in spasmodic dys- 
menorrhea, tetanus, epileptic and hysterical convul- 
sions, and in cases of arteriosclerosis with high 
arterial tension. Full doses in man give rise to flush- 
ing of the face, throbbing, and headache. For test, 
see Griess. 

nitro- (ni-tro-) [niter], i. A prefix denoting combi- 
nation with the univalent radical NO2. 2. A prefix 
denoting combination with nitrogen. 

nitro-anisol (ni-tro-an' -is-ol) , C7H7NO2. A deriva- 
tive of anisol. 

nitrobacter (ni-tro-bak'-ter). The bacillus nitro- 
bacter, a nitrifying bacterium. 

nitrobacteria (ni-tro-bak-te'-re-ah) [nitro-; bacteria]. 
Bacteria that convert ammonia into nitric acid. 

nitrobenzol, nitrobenzene (ni-tro-ben'-zol, ni-tro- 
ben'-zen), C6H5NO2. An oily, sweetish liquid made 
by the action of strong nitric acid on benzol. It is 
an intermediate product in the manufacture of anilin 
oil, and is employed as a flavoring agent under the 
name of artificial oil of bitter almonds or oil of 
mirbane. It is a powerful poison, resembling hydro- 
cyanic acid in action. Persons engaged in its manu- 
facture often suffer from headache and drowsiness. 

nitrobenzolism (ni-tro-ben'-zol-izm). Poisoning by 
nitrobenzol through ingestion of some liquor con- 
taining it, through inhalation of its vapor, or through 
cutaneous absorption. 

nitrocellulose (ni-tro-sel'-u-los). See pyroxylin. 

nitroerythrol (ni-tro-er'-ith-rol), CtH6(NOs)4. But- 
ane tetranitrate, obtained by dissolving erythrol in 
nitric acid; large glistening plates melting at 6i° C. 
It explodes on percussion; used in the same manner 
as nitroglycerin. 

nitroform (ni'-tro-form), CH(N02)3. An oily acid 
compound, chemically analogous to chloroform. It 
is usually obtained by treating biliary acids with 
nitric acid. 

nitrogen (ni'-tro-jen) [nitro-; yewav, to produce]. 
Symbol N; atomic weight 14.01; quantivalence I, III, 
V. A nonmetallic element existing free in the atmos- 
phere, of which it constitutes about 77 % by weight. 
It is a colorless, odorless gas, incapable of sustaining 
life. Chemically it is very inert, and combines directly 
with but few elements. It is an important consti- 
tuent of all animal and vegetable tissues, n.-equi- 
librium, the state of an animal in which, during a 
definite period, the nitrogen of the excreta equals 
in amount the nitrogen of the food. 

nitrogenized (ni-troj'-en-izd). Containing nitrogen. 

nitrogenous {ni-troj'-en-us) [nitrogen]. Containing 
nitrogen. 

nitrogenuric diabetes (ni-lro-jen-u'-rik). Same as 
azoturic diabetes. See under diabetes. 

nitroglucose (ni-lro-gloo'-kos). A substance ob- 
tained from glucose by action of nitric and sulphuric 
acids. It is used as an arterial stimulant. Dose of 
5 % solution \-i min. (0.016-0.065 Cc). 

nitroglycerin (ni-tro-glis'-er-in) [nitro-; glycerin], 
C3Hs(N03)3. Glonoin, glyceryl trinitrate, a colorless, 
oily liquid produced by the action of sulphuric and 
nitric acids upon glycerol. It is a powerful explosive; 
physiologically it has the actions of the nitrites, but 
is more persistent than amyl nitrite, which it most 
resembles. Dose ^hs~%^ gr. (0.0003-0.0013 Gm.). 
n., spirit of (spiritus glycerylis nitratis, U. S. P.), 
spirit of glyceryl trinitrate, a 1 % alcoholic solu- 
tion. Dose 1-2 min. (0.065-0.13 Cc). n., tablets of 
(tabellae nitroglycerin, B. P.), contain each T J 5 gr. 
(0.0006 Gm.) of nitroglycerin. 



nitrohydrochloric acid (ni-tro-hi-dro-klo'-rik). See 
acid, nitrohydrochloric. 

nitrolevulose (ni-tro-lev'-u-los). Dextrose nitrate. 
It has properties similar to nitroglycerin. 

nitrolin (ni'-tro-lin) [niter; oleum, oil]. An ex- 
plosive compound consisting of a mixture of cellulose, 
niter, and nitrosaccharose. 

nitrometer (ni-trom'-et-er) [nitrogen; perpov, mea- 
sure]. An apparatus for collecting and measuring 
nitrogen gas, or for decomposing nitrogen oxides and 
estimating the resulting gases. 

nitromonas (ni-tro-mo'-nas) [nitro-; novas, unit], 
A group of bacteria occurring in the soil, which con- 
vert ammonium salts into nitrites and nitrites into 
nitrates. They will not grow in gelatin or other 
organic media. 

nitromuriatic acid (ni-tro-mu-re-at'-ik). See acid, 
nitrohydrochloric. 

nitropropiol (ni-tro-pro' -pe-oV) . A preparation of 
orthonitrophenyl-propiolic acid and sodium carbo- 
nate; used for detecting sugar in the urine, n. test 
for sugar in the urine, place 10 to 15 drops of urine 
in test-tube, add 10 Cc. distilled water and a nitro- 
propiol tablet, and heat two to four minutes. In the 
presence of sugar there is first a green coloration, 
followed by an intensely blue color. This will indi- 
cate 0.3 % of sugar, and only takes place if grape- 
sugar is actually present. If much albumin is present, 
first eliminate it by shaking with salt or chloroform. 

nitrosaccharose (ni-tro-sak' -ar-os) [nitro-; a-oKxapov, 
sugar]. An unstable, resinous, explosive compound 
produced by treating saccharose with nitric acid. 

nitrosalol (ni-tro-sa'-lol), C 6 H4(OH)C0 2 . CeHUNCk. 
A yellowish powder melting at 148 C, soluble in 
alcohol or ether, insoluble in water; it is used in 
making salophen. 

nitroso- (ni-tro-so-) [niter]. A prefix signifying 
combination with nitrosyl, the univalent radical NO. 

nitrosobacter (ni-tro-so-bak'-ter). A rod-like form 
of nitrifying bacteria. 

nitrosobacteria (ni-tro-so-bak-te'-re-ah). See nitro- 
bacteria. 

nitrosococcus (ni-tro-so-kok'-us). A coccus form 
of nitrifying bacteria. Cf. nitromonas. 

nitrosomonas (ni-tro-so-mo'-nas). See nitromonas. 

nitrosonitric acid (ni-tro-so-ni'-irik). Fuming 
nitric acid containing nitrous acid gas. 

nitrosophenyldimethylpyrazol (ni-tro-so-fen-il-di- 
meth-il-pir' -az-ol) , CnHn(NO)N20. A reaction- 
product of a solution of sodium nitrite with a solution 
of antipyrin in acidulated water; it is antipyretic, 
analgesic, and diuretic. Syn., isonitrosoantipyrin. 

nitro-sugars (ni-tro-shug'-erz). A class of sub- 
stances, such as nitroglucose, used as vasodilators. 

nitrosyl (ni-tro' -sil). The univalent radical NO- 
n. sulphate, NOHSO*. a nitrosyl substitution deriva- 
tive of sulphuric acid; recommended as a disinfectant- 
nitrous (ni'-trus) [niter]. 1. Containing nitrogen 
as a univalent or trivalent element. 2. Pertaining 
to or derived from nitrous acid. n. acid, HNOz, an 
acid having one atom of oxygen less than nitric acid. 
See Griess. n. ether, C2H5NO2, ethyl nitrite, a very 
volatile liquid having properties similar to those of 
amyl nitrite, n. oxide, N2O, used as a general anes- 
thetic in dentistry and in minor surgery. Syn., 
hyponitrous oxide; laughing-gas; nitrogen protoxide. 

nitroxyl (ni-troks'-il), NO2. A univalent radical 
found in nitric acid. 

niveau diagnosis (ne'-vo) [Ft. niveau, level]. 
Localization of the level of a (spinal) tumor or other 
lesion. 

nizin (ni'-zin). Trade name applied to a zinc salt 
of sulphanilic acid. 

N.N.R. An abbreviation for New and Non- 
official Remedies, i. e., those that have been approved 
by the Council of Pharmacy and Chemistry of the 
American Medical Association. 

No. An abbreviation of the Latin numero, "to 
the number of." 

noasthenia (no-as-the' -ne-ah) [voos, mind; Lcrdkvei.a, 
weakness]. Mental feebleness. 

Nobel's (Le) test for acetone. A modification of 
Legal's test. Le N.'s test for bile-pigments, add to 
the liquid zinc chloride and a few drops of tincture 
of iodine. A dichroic play of colors is the result. 

noble cells. The cells of muscles, nerves and 
organs, in contradistinction to epithelial and con- 
nective tissue cells, n. elements. 1. The same as 
noble cells. 2. The same as noble metals, n. metals, 
metals which do not oxidize in exposuie to air; 



NOCARODES 



612 



NOORDEN TREATMENT 



they are gold, silver, platinum, mercury, palladium, 
rhodium, ruthenium, osmium and iridium. 

nocarodes (no-kar-o'-dez) [vwKap, lethargy; eZSos, 
like]. Lethargic. 

Nocht-Romanowsky stain (nokt'-ro-man-off'-ske). 
This requires two solutions: I. Methylene blue, 
i.o gram; sodium carbonate, 0.5 gram; distilled water, 
100. grams. Heat at 6o° C. for two days until 
solution shows a slight purplish color. II. Eosin, 
soluble, yellowish, 1.0 gram; distilled water, 100.0 c.c. 
Mix a few drops of each of these solutions with about 
10 c.c. of distilled water in an Esmarch dish; the 
smear, which has previously been fixed in absolute 
methyl alcohol, is then floated on this mixture for 
about ten minutes. 

nociassociation (no-se-as-o-se-a'-shun) [nocere, to 
injure]. The release of nervous activity as mani- 
fested by shock or exhaustion, the result of trauma 
or surgical operation. See anociassociation. 

nociceptive (no-se-sep'-tiv) [see nociceptor}. Cap- 
able of receiving or transmitting painful or trau- 
matic stimuli. 

nociceptor (no-se-sep'-tor) [nocere, to injure; 
caper e, to take]. A peripheral nerve organ or 
mechanism by which stimuli of pain or trauma are 
received and conveyed to the cerebrum. 

noctambulation (nok-tam-bu-la'-shun) [nox, night; 
ambulare, to walk]. Sleep-walking. 

noctiphobia (nok-te-fo'-be-ah) [nox, night; <£6/3os, 
fear]. Morbid fear of night and its darkness and 
silence; at times a distressing accompaniment of 
neurasthenia. 

nocturnal (nok-tur'-nal) [nocturnus, pertaining to 
the night]. Pertaining to the night, n. emission, 
n. pollution, the discharge of semen without coitus 
during sleep, n. enuresis, incontinence of urine at 
night during sleep, n. epilepsy, epilepsy in which the 
convulsions occur at night. 

nocuity (nok-u'-it-e) [nocuus, injurious]. Injuri- 
ousness; harmfulness; the quality of being noxious. 

nocuous (nok'-u-us) [nocuus, injurious]. Noxious; 
hurtful; venomous, n. meat, meat from animals 
affected with disease that may be transmitted to 
man. 

nod. r. To drop the head forward with a quick, 
involuntary motion. 2. The motion so made. 

nodal (no'-dal) [nodus, a node]. Pertaining to a 
node. n. point, the point of intersection of con- ' 
vergent rays of light with the visual axis of the eye. 
The first nodal point is 6.9685 mm. behind the summit 
of the cornea. The second nodal point is 7-3254 mm. 
behind the summit of the cornea, or 0.1254 nun. 
behind the lens. 

nodding spasm (nod'-ing spazm). A nodding of the 
head from spasm of the sternomastoid muscle. 

node (nod) [nodus, a node]. 1. A knob, swelling, 
or protuberance. 2. A point of narrowing or con- 
striction, n., atrioventricular, n., auriculoventricu- 
lar, a node in the right auricle which forms the starting 
point of the. bundle of His. n. Haygarth's. See 
under Haygarth. n., Heberden's. See under Heber- 
den. n., Parrot's. See under Parrot, n., Ranvier's. 
See under Ranvier. n., Schmidt's. See under 
Schmidt, n. sinoatrial, n., sinoauricular, a node at 
the entrance of the superior vena cava into the right 
auricle, n., syphilitic, the localized swelling on bones 
due to syphilitic periostitis. 

nodose (no'-dos). Characterized by nodes; jointed 
or swollen at intervals. 

nodosity (no-dos'-it-e) [node]. 1. The state of hav- 
ing nodes. 2. A node, n., Bouchard's. See under 
Bouchard, n., Fereol's. See under Fereol. n., 
Haygarth's, n., Heberden's. See under Haygarth 
and Heberden. n., Meynert's. See under Meynert. 
n.s, piedric, those characteristic of piedra, a disease 
of the hair due to a parasitic fungus. 

nodular (nod'-u-lar) [nodule]. Composed of or 
covered by nodules; resembling a nodule. 

nodule (nod' -ill) [nodulus, dim. of nodus]. A small 
node, n.s of Arantius. See corpora Arantii. n. of 
cerebellum, the anterior termination of the inferior 
vermiform process of the cerebellum, n.s, endo- 
lymphangeal, small knobs formed within lymphatic 
vessels by localized masses of adenoid tissue, n., 
lymph-, a more correct term for lymph-follicle, n.s, 
lymphangeial, n.s, lymphatic, n.s, lymphoid, localized 
masses of adenoid tissue consisting of branched 
nucleated corpuscles holding lymphoid cells in the 
spaces between them, n.s of Morgagni. Same as 
n.s of Arantius. 



noduli (nod'-u-li). Plural of nodulus. 

nodulus (nod'-u-lus) [L.: pi., noduli], 1. See 
nodule. 2. The nodule of the cerebellum, n. hys- 
tericus. Same as globus hystericus, noduli albini, a 
term given to certain small pathological knots oc- 
casionally found on the free border of the auriculo- 
ventricular valves. 

nodus (no'-dus). See node. 

noematachograph (no-e-mat-ak'-o-graf) [vbruia, 
thought; Taxi's, swift; ypa<j>eiv, to write]. An instru- 
ment for recording the time of mental operations. 

noematochometer (no-em-at-ak-om'-et-ur) [v&rma, 
a thought; raxte, swift; ukrpov, measure]. An appar- 
atus for estimating the time taken in recording a 
simple perception. 

Noguchi's luetin reaction (no-goo' -tshe) [Hideyo 
Noguchi, Japanese bacteriologist]. The intracu- 
taneous injection of a drop of luetin is followed in 
24 to 48 hours by an indurated papule with a red 
center and a purple border, if syphilis is present. 
N.'s modification of Wassermann's syphilis test, the 
use of anti-human, instead of anti-sheep, hemolytic; 
also of amboceptor, complement, and antigen test- 
papers. 

noisome (noi'-sum). Hurtful; noxious. 

noli-me-tangere (no-li-me-tan'-jer-e) [L. "touch 
me not"]. See ulcer, rodent. 

noma (no'-mah) [vow, a corroding sore]. A grave 
usually fatal, form of stomatitis, occurring in debili- 
tated children, generally during the convalescence 
from one of the exanthemata. It is characterized by 
the formation of a rapidly spreading ulcer involving 
the cheek and soon becoming gangrenous. It is a 
parainfectious disease due to Bacillus diphtheritica. 
Syn., cancrum oris; gangrcena oris; gangrenous 
stomatitis, n. pudendi, n. vulvae, a similar ulceration 
occurring about the genital region of female children. 

nomadic (no-mad'-ik) [vop&s, roving]. Spreading; 
said of ulcers. 

nomenclature (no'-men-kla-tur) [nomen, a name; 
calare, to call]. A systematic application and 
arrangement of the distinctive names employed in 
any science. 

non- [non, not]. A prefix denoting negation. 

non-access (non-ak'-ses) [non; accessus, an ap- 
proach]. In medical jurisprudence, the failure to 
cohabit. The reverse of access, q. v. A child born 
under such circumstances is a bastard. 

nonadherent (non-ad-he' -rent) [non, not; adhcerere, 
to adhere]. Not connected to an adjacent organ or 
part. 

nonalbuminoid (non-al-bu'-min-oid). A nitrogen- 
ous animal or vegetable compound of simpler composi- 
tion than a proteid; nonproteid, e. g., the nitrogenous 
extractive of muscular and connective tissue. 

nonan (no' -nan) [nonus, ninth]. Having an exacer- 
bation every ninth day. 

non compos mentis (non kom'-pos men'-tis) [L.]. 
Of unsound mind. 

nonconductor (non-kon-duk'-tor). Any substance 
not transmitting electricity or heat. 

nonigravida (non-e-grav'-id-ah) [nonus, ninth; 
gravida, a pregnant woman]. A woman pregnant for 
the ninth time. 

nonipara (non-ip'-ar-ah) [nonus, ninth; par ere, to 
bring forth]. A woman who has been in labor nine 
times. 

nonmetal (non-met' -al). An element that is not a 
metal. 

non-motile (non-mo' -til) [non; motilis, moving]. 
Not having the power of spontaneous motion. 

non-naturals, the six. In the old hygiene, this 
term designated air, food, exercise, sleep, secretion 
(and excretion) , and mental activity. 

nonose (no'-nos) [nonus, nine]. One of a group 
of the glucoses, with the formula C9H18O9. 

nonparous (non-par' -us). Same as nulliparous. 

nonproteid (non-pro' -te-id). See nonalbuminoid. 

non-restraint (non-re-strant') [non; Fr., restraindre, 
to restrain]. The treatment of insanity without any 
forcible means of compulsion. 

non-sexual (non-seks'-u-al) [non; sexus, sex]. Same 
as asexual. 

nonus (no'-nus) [L., "ninth"]. The hypoglossal 
nerve, which was the ninth under the old classifica- 
tion of the cranial nerves. t 

nonvalent (non-va'-lent). Without chemical val- 
ency ; incapable of entering into chemic composition. 

nonviable (non-vi'-ab-l). Incapable of living. 

(von) Noorden treatment. See oat treatment. 



NORDAUISM 



613 



NOSTOC 



Nordauism (nor'-dow-izm) [Max Simon Nordau, 
German scientist, 1849- ]. Degeneracy. 

Nordhausen sulphuric acid (nord'-how-zen) [Nord- 
hausen, a town in Saxony where it was first pre- 
pared]. Fuming sulphuric acid; sulphuric acid con- 
taining more or less sulphur trioxide. 

nori (no' -re). A Japanese gelatin obtained from 
Porphyra vulgaris, employed in cultivating protozoa. 

norm [norma, a rule or measure]. A standard. 

norma (nor'-mah). In anatomy, a view or aspect, 
essentially of the skull, n. basilaris, the view of the 
skull looking toward the inferior aspect, n. facialis, 
the aspect looking toward the face. n. lateralis, a 
profile view. n. occipitalis the aspect looking toward 
the back of the skull, n. sagittalis, the view of the 
skull seen in a mesial sagittal section, n. verticalis, 
the aspect viewed from above, or that directed 
toward the top of the skull. 

normal {nor' -mat) [norma]. 1. Conforming to 
natural order or law. 2. Having the typical struc- 
ture, n. antitoxic serum, n. therapeutic serum, an 
antitoxic blood-serum of which 0.1 Gm. is sufficient 
to neutralize ten times the fatal dose of toxin for a 
guinea-pig weighing 300 Gm. n. salt solution, n. 
saline solution, an aqueous solution of sodium 
chloride of a strength similar to that of the body- 
fluids — usually 0.6 to 0.75 %. This is the commonly 
accepted use of the term, but it is incorrect and 
should be replaced by the term physiological solution. 
n. solution, a solution containing in one liter a quan- 
tity of the reagent equal to the molecular weight 
in grams. A decinormal solution is one of one-tenth 
the strength, and a centinormal solution one of one- 
hundredth the strength, of the normal solution. 

normoblast (nor' -mo-blast) [norma; /SXao-ros, a 
germ]. A nucleated red corpuscle of the same size 
as an ordinary red corpuscle. 

normocyte (nor' -mo-sit) [norma; kvtos, a cell]. 
A red blood-corpuscle of normal size (7.5 p.). 

normocytosis (nor-mo-si-to'-sis) [see normocyte]. 
A normal state of the corpuscles of the blood. 

normotonic (nor -mo-ton' -ik) [norma; tovos, a 
stretching]. Relating to normal muscular con- 
traction; to a muscle working under normal physi- 
ological conditions. 

Norris's colorless corpuscles. Colorless, trans- 
parent biconcave discs of the same size as the red 
corpuscles, invisible in the serum because their color 
and refractive index are the same as those of the 
liquor sanguinis. 

Norwegian itch. A variety of aggravated scabies 
seen mainly in lepers. 

Norwood's tincture (nor'-wood) [Wesley C. Nor- 
wood, American physician]. A tincture of veratrum 
viride, said to be prepared from the fresh root and to 
contain 240 grains of veiatrum viride in each ounce of 
alcohol. 

nose (noz) [AS., nosu]. The prominent organ 
occupying the center of the face, the upper part 
(regio olfactoria) of which constitutes the organ of 
smell, the lower part (regio respiratoria) represents 
the commencement of the respiratory tract, in which 
the inspired air is warmed, moistened, and deprived 
of impurities. The nose consists of two symmetrical 
cavities, separated by a septum, and is Uned internally 
by mucous membrane (Schneiderian membrane). 
n., bottle, an hypertrophied condition of the nose 
with a varicose condition of its veins, usually associ- 
ated with alcoholism, n. bridge of, the prominence 
formed by the junction of the nasal bones, n., 
saddle, n., saddleback, n., swayback, one with a 
depression in the bridge due to the loss of the septum. 

nosebleed (noz' -bled). A hemorrhage from the 
nose. Syn., epistaxis. 

nosegay, Riolan's. The entire group of muscles 
arising from the styloid process of the temporal bone. 

nosema (nos-e'-mah) [p6<tos, disease]. 1. Illness; 
disease. 2. A genus of microsporidia. 

nosencephalus (nos-en-sef'-al-us). Same as noten- 
cephalus. 

nosepiece. A mechanical device to be attached to 
a microscope for holding two, three, or four objectives. 
It is screwed into the object-end of the tube of the 
microscope. 

noseresthesia (nos-er-es-the' -ze-ah) [nosema; alad- 
*7<m, perception]. Perverted sensibility. 

noserous (nos'-e-rus) [nosema]. Diseased; un- 
healthy. 

noso- (nos-o-) [voaos, disease 1 . A prefix signifying 



nosochorologia (nos-o-kor-o-lo'-je-ah). See nosoch- 
thonography. 

nosocnthonography (nos-ok-thon-og'-raf-e) [noso- ; 
xO&v, the earth; ypd<peiv, to write]. Geography of 
endemic diseases; medical geography. 

nosocomial (nos-o-ko'-me-al) [vbo-os, disease; KOfielv, 
to take care of]. 1. Pertaining to a hospital, or a 
nosocomium. 2. Applied to disease caused or aggra- 
vated by hospital life. n. gangrene. Synonym of 
hospital gangrene. 

nosocomium (nos-o-ko'-me-um) [vbaos, disease; 
KOfielv, to take care of]. A place designed for the 
care of the sick. A hospital. 

nosode (nos'-od) [voaudrjs, like a disease]. A 
homeopathic or isopathic remedy. 

nosodochium (nos-o-do'-ke-um). Synonym of 
nosocomium. 

nosogenesis (nos-o-jen'-es-is) . Synonym of nosogeny. 

nosogenetic (nos-o-jen-et'-ik) [vbaos, disease; yeveais, 
genesis]. Pertaining to nosogenesis. 

nosogeny (nos-oj'-en-e) [noso-; yevvdv, to beget]. 
The development of diseases. 

nosogeography (nos-o-je-og'-raf-e). See nosoch- 
thonography. 

nosographer (nos-og'-raf-er) [see nosography]. One 
who writes descriptions of diseases. 

nosographic (nos-o-graf'-ik) [vbo-os, disease; ypa<peii>, 
to write]. Pertaining to nosography. 

nosography (nos-og'-ra-fe) [noso-; ypaxpeiv, to writej. 
A treatise on diseases. 

nosohemia, nosohaemia (nos-o-he'-me-ah) [noso-; 
alfxa, blood]. Disease of the blood. 

nosointoxication (nos-o-in-toks-ik-a'-shun) [noso- ; 
intoxication]. Autointoxication caused by pathological 
processes which alter the normal course of meta- 
bolism in such a way as to produce harmful products. 

nosological (nos-o-loj'-ik-al) [vbaos, disease; \byos, 
science]. Pertaining to nosology. 

nosology (nos-ol'-o-je) [noso-; Xoyos, science]. 
The science of the classification of diseases. 

nosomania (nos-o-ma'-ne-ah) [noso-; pavla, mad- 
ness]. 1. A morbid dread of disease. 2. A delusion 
that one is suffering from disease. 

nosomycosis (nos-o-mi-ko'-sis) [vbo-os, disease; 
ixvK-ns, fungus]. Any disease due to the presence of a 
parasitic fungus, or schizomycete. 

nosonomy (nos-on'-o-me) [noso-; ovopta, name]. 
The nomenclature of diseases. 

nosoparasites (nos-o-par'-as-itz) [noso-; parasite]. 
Microorganisms found in conjunction with a disease 
process, which, while capable of modifying the course 
of the disease, are not its cause. 

nosophen (nos'-o-fen), CeH^O^Ce^^OH^. 
Tetraiodophenolphthalein, a yellowish-gray powder 
without odor or taste, insoluble in water or acids, 
slightly soluble in alcohol, more soluble in ether, 
chloroform, or alkalies. It is used externally as a 
substitute for iodoform, internally for catarrh of the 
stomach and intestine. Dose 5-8 gr. (0.3-0.5 Gm.). 
Syn., iodophen. 

nosophobia (nos-o-fo'-be-ah) [voa-os, disease; <pbfios, 
fear]. The insane, or exaggerated, fear of disease; 
pathophobia. 

nosophthoria (nos-off-thor'-e-ah) [vbaos, disease; 
<pd6pa, destruction]. The eradication of diseases by 
prophylactic measures. 

nosophyte (nos'-o-fit) [noso-; <pvrbv, a plant]. 
Any pathogenic vegetable microorganism. 

nosopoietic (nos-o-poi-et'-ik) [noso-; iroielv, to 
make]. Causing disease. 

nosotaxy (nos-o-taks'-e) [vbaos, disease; t&£«, 
arrangement]. The classification of diseases. 

nosotoxic (nos-o-toks' -ik) . Relating to noso toxin. 

nosotoxicity (nos-o-toks-is'-it-e). The quality of 
being nosotoxic. 

nosotoxicosis (nos-o-toks-ik-o'-sis) [see nosotoxin]. 
An abnormal condition referable to the presence of 
toxic basic products formed in the system in disease. 

nosotoxin (nos-o-toks'-in) [noso-; to^lkov, a poison], 
A toxin generated in the body by a pathogenic micro- 
organism. 

nosotrophy (nos-ot'-ro-fe) [noso-; rpocpn, nourish- 
ment]. 1. The nourishment of disease. 2. The 
care of the sick. 

nostalgia (nos-taV -je-ah) [vbaros, a return; 4X705, 
pain]. Homesickness. 

nostalgic (nos-tal'-jik) [vbaros, return; a\yos, pain]. 
Affected with nostalgia. 

Nostoc (nos'-tok). A genus of alga? having a gelat- 
inous nature. 



NOSTOLOGY 



614 



NUCLEASE 



nostology (nos-tol'-o-je) [vootos, return; Xoyos, 
science]. In biology, the department devoted to 
the study of senility. 

nostomania (nos-to-ma' -ne-ah) [i>6<ttos, return; 
navia, madness]. Nostalgia amounting to mono- 
mania. 

nostosite (nos'-to-sit) [vbaros, a return; alros, food]. 
A parasite situated in or upon its permanent host. 

nostras (nos'-tras) [nostras, of our country]. 
Denoting a disease belonging to the country in 
which it is described in contradistinction to a similar 
disease originating elsewhere; as cholera nostras, as 
distinguished from Asiatic cholera. 

nostrate (nos'-trat) [noster, ours]. Endemic. 

nostril (jios'-tril) [AS., nosu, nose; thyrl, a hole]. 
One of the external orifices of the nose. 

nostrum (nos'-trum) [noster, ours]. A quack medi- 
cine; a secret medicine. 

notal (no'-tal) [v&tov, the back]. Pertaining to the 
back; dorsal. 

notalgia (no-tal'-je-ah) [vutov, back; &\yos, pain]. 
Any pain in the back. 

notanencephalia (no-tan-en-sef-a'-le-ah) [v&rov, the 
back; kveyKtyahos, without brain]. Congenital 
absence of the dorsal part of the cranium. 

notch [O. Du., nock]. A deep indentation, n., 
acetabular, the cotyloid notch, n., clavicular, a 
depression at the upper end of the sternum articu- 
lating with the clavicle, n., coracoid. See n., 
suprascapular, n., cotyloid, the notch in the aceta- 
bulum near to the obturator foramen, n., iliac, 
greater, n., ischiadic, greater. See n., sacrosciatic. 
n., interlobar (of the liver), the notch in the ventral 
border of the liver demarcating the right and left 
lobes, n., intervertebral, one of the depressions on 
the vertebral pedicles, either on the upper on the 
lower surface. The apposition of two notches of the 
contiguous vertebrae forms the intervertebral fora- 
men, n., ischiatic. See n., sacrosciatic. n., jugu- 
lar, a notch forming the posterior boundary of the 
jugular foramen, n., nasal, an uneven interval 
between the internal angular processes of the frontal 
bone, which articulates with the nasal bone and the 
nasal process of the superior maxillary bone, n., 
popliteal, the depression on the posterior surface of 
the head of the tibia, separating the two tuberosities. 
n., preoccipital, an indentation on the inferolateral 
border of the cerebral hemisphere, about an inch and 
a half in front of the occipital pole. n. of Rivinus. 
See Rivinian notch, n., sacrococcygeal, the lateral 
notch at the point of union of the coccyx and sacrum. 
n., sacrosciatic, one of two notches on the posterior 
edge of the innominate bone. The greater notch is 
just above the spine of the ischium, and is converted 
into a foramen by the lesser sacrosciatic ligament; 
the lesser notch is below the spine of the ischium, and 
is converted into a foramen by the sacrosciatic liga- 
ments, n., scapular, one at the back of the neck of 
the scapular through which the supraspinous and 
infraspinous fossse communicate, n., semilunar. 
See n., suprascapular, n., sigmoid, a deep semi- 
lunar depression separating the coronoid and condy- 
loid processes of the inferior maxillary bone, n., 
sphenopalatine, the notch that separates the orbital 
and sphenoidal processes of the palate bone, n., 
suprascapular, a notch in the superior border of the 
scapula at the base of the coracoid process, for the 
passage of the suprascapular nerve, n., supra- 
sternal, the depression at the top of the manubrium, 
between the two sternoclavicular articulations, n., 
tympanic. See Rivinian notch. 

note (not) [nota, a mark]. A sound, n., per- 
cussion, the sound elicited on percussion. 

note-blindness (not' -blind-nes) . The same as 
amusia, q. v. 

notencephalia (no-ten-sef-a' -le-ah) . See notenceph- 
alus. 

notencephalocele (no-ten-sef-aV -o-sel) [v&tov, back; 
ey/ce<£aXos, brain; K17X1J, hernia]. Tumor of the brain 
in a notencephalus. 

notencephalus (no-ten-sef -al-us) [vwtov, the back; 
encephalon]. A variety of monster in which the 
cranial contents are in large part outside the skull, 
resting upon the back of the neck. 

Nothnagel's symptom (not' -nah-gel) [Carl Wilhelm 
Hermann Nothnagel, German physician, 1841-1905]. 
Paralysis of the facial muscles, which is less marked 
on voluntary movements than on movements con- 
nected with emotions. This symptom has been 
noticed in cases of tumor of the optic thalamus. 



N.'s test, a crystal of sodium chloride placed upon 
the serous surface of any portion of the intestine of 
the rabbit causes ascending peristalsis. This test 
has been applied to ascertain the direction of the 
bowel in operations upon man, but has not been 
found wholly reliable. N.'s type of facial paralysis. 
See N.'s symptom. 

nothrous (no'-thrus) [vwdpos, sluggish]. Drowsy; 
slow; languid; torpid. 

notifiable (no-tif-i' -ah-bl) [notificare, to make 
known]. Applied to a disease which should be 
made known to a board of health or other authorities. 

notochord (no'-to-kord) [v&tov, the back; xopSrj, 
a cord]. An elongated cord of cells inclosed in a 
structureless sheath, which in the embryo represents 
the vertebral column; the chorda dorsalis, or primi- 
tive backbone. 

notomelus (no-tom'-el-us) [v&tov, the back; fieKos, 
a limb]. A form of double monster in which the 
rudimentary limbs are attached to the back. 

notomyelitis (no-to-mi-el-i'-tis) [vS>toi>, the back; 
myelitis]. Inflarnmation of the spinal cord. 

novargan (no-var'-gan). Trade name of a protein 
preparation of silver; similar to protargol. 

novaspirin (no-vas'-pir-in). Trade name of 
anhydromethylene citric acid disalicylate ; employed 
as a substitute for aspirin. 

novatophan (no-vat'-o-fan). Trade name of a 
preparation of atophan (phenylquinolincarboxylic 
acid), said to be tasteless. 

novocaine (no-vo-ka'-in). A synthetic local anes- 
thetic compound, para-amidobenzoyl and the 
active principle of suprarenal extract. " 

novocolchinin (no-vo-kol'-tshin-in). A mixture of 
quinine sulphate and novocol (sodium guaiacol 
phosphate). 

noxa (noks'-ah) [L.J. An injurious principle; 
especially a pathogenic microorganism or other 
materies morbi. 

noxious (nok'-shus) [noxius, harmful]. Harmful; 
poisonous or deleterious. 

N-rays. See rays, N-. 

Nt. Chemical symbol for niton. 

nubecula (nu-bek' -u-lah) [dim. of nubes, a cloud]. 
1. The cloudiness caused by the suspension of 
insoluble matter in the urine. 2. A cloudiness of 
the cornea. 

nubile (nu'-bil) [nubilis; nubere, to marry]. Mar- 
riageable. Of an age at which there exists the 
possibility of procreation or child-bearing. 

nubility (nu-biV -it-e) [nubere, to marry]. The 
state of sexual development when marriage may be 
consummated. 

nuces (nu'-sez). Plural of nux, q. v. 

nucha (nu'-kah) [L.]. The nape of the neck. 

nuchal (nu'-kal) [nucha]. Pertaining to the nape 
of the neck. 

nucin (nu'-sin). A precipitate from juglans, q. v. 

nucis (nu'-sis). The genitive of the Latin nux, a 
nut. 

nucite (nu'-sit), C6H12O6+4H2O. A carbohydrate 
resembling inosite, found in the leaves of Juglans 
regia. 

Nuck's canal (nook) [Anton Nuck, Dutch anato- 
mist, 1650-1692]. The canal formed by Nuck's 
diverticulum. N.'s diverticulum, the peritoneal 
covering of the round ligament of the uterus, which 
in the child can be traced for a short distance into 
the inguinal canal. N.'s gland. See Blandin's 
gland. 

nuclear (nii'-kle-ar) [nucleus]. Pertaining to or 
resembling a nucleus, n. cap, a stainable mass in 
the form of a cone, hollowed out internally like a 
cap, corresponding to one pole of the nucleus upon 
which it sits. n. cell, a nucleated dendritic nerve cell. 
n. figures, the peculiar arrangement of the mitome 
during karyokinesis. n. layer, a stratum of gray 
matter in the cortex of the brain, n. paralysis, par- 
alysis from lesions of the nuclei of origin of the nerves. 
n. plate. 1. The equatorial plate, formed by the 
chromosomes during the prophases of mitosis. 2. The 
septum which sometimes divides the nucleus in 
amitotic division, n. spindle, delicate striae appear- 
ing in the nucleus undergoing mitosis, arranged 
with the apices pointing toward the poles of the 
future nuclei. Its function probably is to guide the 
movements of the mitome threads, n. stain, a 
pigment showing a strong affinity for nuclei. 

nuclease (nu'-kle-as). 1. An immunizing enzyme 
found in cultures of Bacillus pyocyaneus and other 



NUCLEATED 



615 



NUCLEUS 



organisms. 2. A proposed general term to desig- 
nate any of the bacteriolytic enzymes, because they 
digest the nucleoproteins of the bacterial cells. 

nucleated {nu'-kle-a-ted) [nucleus]. Possessing a 
nucleus. 

nuclei (nii'-kle-i) [L.]. Plural of nucleus, q. v. 
n. of the thalamus, the three portions into which 
the cinerea of the thalamus is separated. They are 
called the anterior, internal, and external nuclei. 

nucleide (nu'-kle-id). A compound of nucleol 
with an oxide of some metal (iron, copper, silver, 
mercury, etc.). 

nucleiform (nu-kle'-if-orm) [nucleus; forma, form]. 
Resembling a nucleus. 

nuclein (nic'-kle-in) [nucleus], C29H49N9P3O22. An 
amorphous substance resembling the proteins, and 
forming the essential chemical constituent of all 
living cells. It is composed of nucleic acid and a 
base; the former seems to be the same for all nucleins, 
but the base varies. Nucleins are generally insoluble 
in dilute acids and soluble in dilute alkalies. They 
are supposed to represent the germicidal constituent 
of blood-serum, n.-therapy, the employment of 
nuclein from different glands and blood-serum in the 
treatment of disease. 

nucleinate (nu'-kle-in-at). A white, soluble powder 
used as a diagnostic aid in tuberculosis. Dose 
30-45 gr. (2-3 Gm.). 

nucleo- (nu-kle-o-) [nucleus]. A prefix meaning 
relating to a nucleus or to nuclein. 

nucleoalbumin (nu-kle-o-al-bu'-min) [nucleo-; al- 
bumin]. A compound of a proteid and nuclein, 
occurring in cell-protoplasm. 

nucleoalbuminuria (nu-kle-o-al-bu-min-u'-re-ah) . 
The presence in the urine of nucleoalbumin. 

nucleoalbumose (nu-kle-o-al'-bu-mos). A sub- 
stance found in the urine in cases of osteomalacia 
and which is believed to be the partly hydrated 
albumin of nucleoalbumin. 

nucleochylema (nu-kle-o-ki-le'-mah) [nucleus; x^os, 
juice]. The fluid filling the interstices of the nucleo- 
hyaloplasm. 

nucleochyme (nu'-kle-o-kim). See nucleochylema. 

nucleofugal {nu-kle-of -u-gal) [nucleo-; fugere, to 
flee]. Moving from a nucleus. 

nucleogen (nil-kle'-o-jen). A proprietary prepara- 
tion of nucleic acid, iron, arsenic, and phosphorus: 
used in cases of anemia and chlorosis. 

nucleohiston (nu-kle-o-his'-ton) [nucleo-; 1<tt6s, 
tissue]. 1. A substance composed of nuclein and 
histon found in the leukocytes of the blood. Nuclein 
induces coagulation of the blood; histon prevents it. 
The liquid state of the blood is supposed to be de- 
pendent on the integrity of the compound formed by 
these two bodies. 2. An albuminoid substance 
obtained from lymph and thymus gland of calves; 
a white powder, soluble in water, alkalies, and mineral 
acids. It is used as a bactericide. 

nucleohyaloplasm {nu-kle-o-hi' -al-o-plazm) [nu- 
cleus; vdXos, transparent substance; irXcuraeiv, to 
mold]. A scarcely tangible substance, which, with 
chromatin, makes up the threads or mitoma of the 
cell-nucleus. See linin. 

nucleoid (nu'-kle-oid) [nucleo-; eI5os, like]. 1. 
Shaped like a nucleus. 2. A finely granular or 
fibrillar substance in the red corpuscles formed from 
the original nucleus. 

nucleol (nu'-kle-ol). Trade name of a nuclein 
preparation obtained from yeast. 

nucleolar (nu-kle'-o-lar) [nucleolus]. Pertaining 
to the nucleolus. 

nucleolin (nu-kle'-o-lin). The substance of which 
the nucleolus is composed. 

nucleoloid (nu-kle'-ol-oid). Resembling a nucle- 
olus. 

nucleolus (nii-kle'-o-lus) [dim. of nucleus]. The 
small spherical body within the cell-nucleus. Its 
true function has not as yet been established. 

nucleomicrosoma (nu-kle-o-mi-kro-so'-mah) [nu- 
cleus; /xiKpos, small; awfia, body; pi., nucleomicroso- 
mata]. Any one of the many minute tangible 
bodies that make up each fiber of the nucleoplasm. 

nucleon (nu'-kle-on). See paranucleon. 

nucleonic (nii-kle-on'-ik). Pertaining to the 
nucleus. 

nucleopetal (nu-kle-op' -et-aV) [nucleo-; petere, to 
seek]. Seeking the nucleus: said of the movement 
of the male pronucleus toward the female pronucleus. 

nucleoplasm (nic'-kle-o-plazm) [nucleo-; plasma]. 
1. The protoplasm of the nucleus. 2. Chromatin. 



nucleoproteins (nu-kle-o-prd'-te-ins) . Compound 
proteins which yield true nucleins on pepsin digestion, 
and also those which, on being boiled with dilute 
mineral acids, yield, besicdes proteins, xanthin bases. 
They occur chiefly in the cell-nuclei, and are widely 
diffused in the animal body. 

nucleoreticulum (nii-kle-o-ret-ik'-u-lum) [nucleo- ; 
reticulum, a net]. Any network contained within a 
nucleus. 

nucleosin (nu'-kle-o-sin). A substance, isolated 
from spermatozoa of the salmon, identical with 
thymin. 

nucleotherapy {nu-kle-o-ther'-ap-e). See nuclein- 
therapy. 

nucleotoxin (nii-kle-o-toks'-in) [nucleo-; to^lkov, 
a poison]. A toxin derived from cell-nuclei; any 
toxin affecting the nuclei of cells. 

nucleus (nic'-kle-us) [nucleus, from nux, a nut]. 
1. The essential part of a typical cell, usually round 
in outline, and situated near the center. 2. The 
center around which the mass of a crystal aggregates. 
3. The central element in a compound, as the carbon 
in hydrocarbons. 4. A collection of gray matter in 
the central nervous system having a distinct function. 
5. The deep origin of a nerve, n. abducens, n., 
abducent, n., abducentis a gray nucleus giving origin 
to the abducens and facial nerves, situated within 
the fasciculus teres, behind the trigeminal nucleus, 
on the floor of the fourth ventricle. Syn., nidus 
abducentis. n., accessoriovagoglossopharyngeal, a 
columnar tract of nerve-cells extending from the 
level of the calamus scriptorius to that of the auditory 
striae, and from which the accessory vagus and 
glossopharyngeal nerves arise in succession from 
below upward, n. ambiguus, n., anterior, a collec- 
tion of nerve-cells near the nucleus of the vagus. 
n. amygdalae, an irregular aggregation of gray matter 
situated at the apex of the temporal lobe of the brain, 
between it and the apex of the middle ventricular 
horn. n. angularis, the accessory auditory nucleus. 
nuclei anterolaterals, the nuclei of the lateral 
column, nuclei, auditory, the nuclei in the oblongata 
giving rise to the auditory nerves, n., auditory, 
external. See n. magnocellularis. n., auditory 
internal, a columnar tract of small multipolar cells 
embedded in the auditory eminence, n. of Bech- 
terew. See under Bechterew. n., Beclard's. See 
under Beclard. n., bony, the center of ossification. 
n., Burdach's. See n. funiculi cuneati. n., caudal. 
See n., oculomotor, n., caudate, the intraventricular 
part of the corpus striatum, n. centralis, the corpus 
dentatum. n. cinereus, a term sometimes used to 
designate the gray substance of the restiform bodies. 
n., clavate, Burdach's nucleus, n., cleavage-. See 
n., segmentation-, n., cuneate, n., cuneate, internal, 
Burdach's nucleus, n., daughter-, one of the nuclei 
(usually two) produced by the division of a mother 
nucleus. See karyokinesis. n., Deiters'. See n. 
magnocellularis. n. dentatus, a folded layer of gray 
matter in the mesal part of the corresponding cere- 
bellar hemisphere, and close to the roof of the fourth 
ventricle, n., Edinger's. See Edinger's nucleus. 
n., Edinger-Westphal's. See Edinger-WestphaV s 
nucleus, n. emboliformis, a small mass of gray 
matter situated in the interval between the nucleus 
dentatus and nucleus fastigii, and lying nearer the 
former, n., facial, one in the reticula at the back of 
the pons, giving origin to the seventh or facial nerve, 
n. fastigii, a flat expanse of gray matter on each side 
of the inferior vermiform process of the cerebellum, 
directly over the roof of the fourth ventricle, n. 
fimbriatus. Synonym of corpus dentatum. n. funi- 
culi cuneati, a mass of gray matter of the posterior 
column of the medulla, lying beneath the funiculus 
cuneatus. n. funiculi gracilis, an elongated, club- 
shaped mass of gray matter in the mesal portion of 
the posterior column of the medulla, n., germinal, 
the nucleus resulting from the union of the male 
and female pronuclei, n., gingival, a part of the 
cerebellum in the fetus (between the third and fourth 
months) which bears some resemblance to the gums. 
n., globic, n. globosus, the globulus, a number of 
small round or oval masses of gray matter situated in 
the interval between the nucleus dentatus and nucleus 
fastigii, lying near to, and probably an accessory 
detachment of, the latter, n. gracilis, a column of 
gray matter in the posterior pyramid of the medulla 
oblongata, n., gray, the gray matter of the spinal 
cord, n., hypoglossal, a columnar tract of large 
multipolar nerve-cells embedded in the cinerea of 



NUCLEUS 



616 



NUTRABIN 



the terete funicle in the inferior triangle of the fourth 
ventricle, and giving origin to the nerve-fibers 
forming the rootlets of the hypoglossal nerve, n. 
hypothalamics, the subthalamus. n., insular, one 
entirely separated from adjoining masses of gray 
matter, n., intermediolateral. See column, inter- 
mediolateral. n., intermedullary, great, the external 
and internal auditory nuclei considered as one. 
n., intraventricular, the caudate nucleus, n. juxta- 
olivaris. See olive, accessory, n., Koelliker's. See 
under Koelliker. n., laryngeal, the nucleus of origin 
of the nerve-fibers of the larynx, n., lateral, that 
part of the cornu of the cord ascending in the oblon- 
gata behind the olivary body, n., lenticular, n. lenti- 
formis, the extraventricular portion of the corpus 
striatum, lying between the internal and external 
capsules, n. of Luys. See under Luys. n. magno- 
cellularis, a nucleus of gray matter in the medulla 
oblongata, situated mesad of the restiform column 
at the level of entry of the auditory nerve-roots. 
Syn., Deiters' nucleus, n., mesencephalic (of the 
trigeminal nerve), a group of large nerve-cells in the 
gray matter surrounding the Sylvian aqueduct, n., 
mesoblastic, a nucleus of a cell belonging to the 
mesoblast. n., mother-, a cell that is in course of 
division into two or more parts called daughter- 
nuclei. See karyokinesis. n., motor, a collection of 
nerve-cells in the central nervous system giving origin 
to a motor nerve, n., oculomotor, the nucleus of the 
oculomotor nerve, lying dorsad of the posterior 
longitudinal bundle, under the aqueduct of Sylvius. 
n., olivary, a folded mass of gray matter in the medulla 
oblongata, producing a swelling on the surface — the 
olivary body, n., olivary, accessory. See olive, 
accessory, n. of origin, the collection of ganglion- 
cells in the central nervous system giving origin to a 
nerve, n., ossific. See n., bony, n., peripheral. 
See «., insular, n., Perlia's. See «., Spitzka's. n., 
polymorphic, a cell nucleus which assumes irregular 
forms, nuclei, pontile, n. pontis, scattered gray 
matter included in the intervals in the bundles of 
fibers of the ventral portion of the pons. Syn., 
nidi pontis. n., postpyramidal, a gray nucleus 
in the oblongata giving origin to the posterior pyra- 
mid, n. pyramidalis, the inner accessory olivary 
nucleus, n. pulposus, the remnant of the notochord 
appearing as a pulpy mass in the center of the inter- 
vertebral discs, n. quintus, the nucleus of the fifth 
or trigeminal nerve, n., red. See n., tegmental. 
n., respiratory, n. of respiration, Clarke's column. 
n., restiform, the gray matter of the restiform body. 
n. ruber, n. tegmenti, red nucleus, a reddish mass 
in the upper part of the cerebral crura, embedded 
among the fibers of the tegmentum, n., sacral, a 
mass of gray matter in the spinal cord at the level 
of the origins of the second and third spinal nerves. 
n., sagittal, the middle part of the oculomotor 
nucleus, n., secondary. See paranucleus, n., seg- 
mentation-, the nucleus that appears shortly after 
the fusion of the male and female pronuclei; the last 
step in the process of fertilization; it is so-called 
because within it cleavage is first established, n., 
spermatic, the male pronucleus, n., spherical, a gray 
nucleus at the junction of the hemisphere and middle 
cerebellar lobe, n., Spitzka's. See under Spitzka. 
n., Stilling's. Same as n., tegmental, n., styloid, 
a bony nodule contained in the cartilages which 
unite the lesser cornua with the body of the hyoid. 
n., subependymal, the internal nucleus of the eighth 
or auditory nerve, lying just beneath the ependyma 
of the fourth ventricle, n., tegmental, n. tegmenti, 
red nucleus; a mass of reticular substance in the 
tegmentum of the crus cerebri, to the inner side of 
the substantia nigra, n., trigeminal, several groups 
of nerve-cells ventrad of the facial nucleus below the 
lateral angle of the fourth ventricle, n., trochlear, 
the ganglionic gray substance surrounding the Sylvian 
aqueduct and giving origin to the fibers of the fourth 
nerve, n. of the vagus, that part of the accessorio- 
vagoglossopharyngeal nucleus giving origin to the 
pneumogastric nerve, n., vesicular, a rather large 
cell-nucleus, the membranes of which stain deeply, 
while the central portion remains relatively pale. 
n. vestibularis. See Bechterew, n. of. n., vitelline, a 
nucleus resulting from the fusion of the male and 
female pronuclei within the vitellus. n., Westphal's. 
See under Westphal. n., white, the white substance 
of the dentate body of the olive. 

Nuel's space (nu'-el) [J. P. Nuel, Belgian oculist]. 



A triangular space between the outer hair-cells and 
the outer rods- of Corti of the internal ear. 

Nuhn's gland (noon) [Anton Nukn, German 
anatomist, 1814-1884]. See Blandin's gland. 

nuisance (nu'-sans). In medical jurisprudence, 
that which is noxious, offensive, or troublesome; 
applied to persons or things. 

nullipara (nul-ip'-ar-ah) [nullus, none; par ere, to 
bring forth]. A woman who has never borne a child. 

nulliparity (nul-ip-ar'-it-e) [nullipara]. The con- 
dition of being nulliparous. 

nulliparous (nul-ip'-ar-us) [nullipara]. Having 
nerver borne children. 

numb (num.). Having impaired sensibility. 

numbness ' (num'-nes). Partial, or local anesthesia 
with torpor; deficiency of sensation; obdormition. 
n. waking. Acroparesthesia. 

nummiform (num'-if-orm) [numrhus, a coin; forma, 
form]. Having the form of a coin; nummular. 

nummular (num'-u-lar) [nummus, a coin]. Re- 
sembling a coin in form, as nummular sputum; re- 
sembling rouleaux or rolls of coin. 

nummulation (num-u-la'-shun). The aggregation 
of blood-corpuscles into rolls resembling rolls of coin. 

Nunn's corpuscles. See Bennett's corpuscles. 

nunnation (nun-na' -shun) [Heb. nun, the letter »]. 
The frequent or abnormal use of the «-sound. 

nurito (nu'-rit-o). A proprietary preparation said 
to contain pyramidon 6f grains, phenolphthalein, 
f grain, and milk sugar, 2§ grains. 

nurse (ners) [Fr. nourrice, nurse]. 1. To suckle 
an infant. 2. To care for the sick or for an infant. 
3. The caretaker of an infant. 4. A person caring 
for the sick. 5. The head of a tapeworm, n., dry, 
one who does not suckle the infant, n., hospital, 
one who cares for the sick in a hospital, n., monthly, 
one who attends a woman in confinement, n., pro- 
bationer, in hospitals a probationer is one who has 
entered upon her career as a nurse, and is under ob- 
servation to determine her fitness for the profession. 
n., professional, one who devotes himself or herself 
to the care of the sick as a life-work or profession. 
n., registered, one who is licensed by the laws of the 
State, n., wet, one who suckles the infant. n.'s 
contracture, Trousseau's term for tetany found in 
association with debility following lactation. 

nursing (ners'-ing). A term applied to the babe's 
taking the breast, and also to the mother's giving the 
breast. Also, caring for the sick, n.-bottle, a bottle 
fitted with a rubber tip or nipple for feeding infants 
not nursed from the breast. 

nursling (ners'-ling) [Fr., nourrice, a nurse]. An 
infant that is nursed. 

Nussbaum's cell (noos'-bowm) [Moritz Nussbaum, 
German histologist, 1850- ]. A granular cell, 
being one of the four kinds of epithelial cells forming 
the peptic glands; its function is unknown. N.'s 
narcosis, the condition of prolonged anesthesia in- 
duced when the administration of chloroform is pre- 
ceded a few minutes by the hypodermatic injection 
of a full dose of morphine. 

nutation (nu-ta'-shun) [nutare, to nod]. Nodding 
or oscillation, n. of sacrum, a partial rotation of 
the sacrum on its transverse axis, whereby the dis- 
tance between the upper extremity or the lower ex- 
tremity and the anterior pelvic wall is increased. 

nutgal (nut'-gawl). An excrescence on the leaves of 
Quercus lusitanica, caused by the deposited ova of an 
insect. 

nutmeg [ME., nutmegge]. The seed of various 
species of Myristica, of the order Myristicea. The 
kernel of the ripe seed of Myristica fragrans is the 
myristica of the U. S. P. and B. P., and is the source 
of a volatile oil. The covering of the nutmeg is 
mace. Nutmeg is employed as a condiment, as a 
corrective and mild flavoring agent, and it has also 
slight narcotic properties. Dose 5-20 gr.» (0.32-1.3 
Gm.). n. liver, cirrhotic liver, n., oil of (oleum my- 
ristica, U. S. P., B. P.), contains a stearopten, myris- 
tin, which is the glycerid of myristic acid, C16H28O2. 
Dose 2-3 min. (0.13-0.2 Cc). n., oil of, expressed 
(oleum myristica expressum, B. P.), the oil of mace. 

nutone" (nu'-ton). A nutritive tonic said to con- 
sist of cod-liver oil, malt-extract, beef-juice, and 
glycerol emulsion, each, 25 %; calcium hypophos- 
phite, 1 gr.; sodium hypophosphite, 1 gr.; tincture 
of nux vomica, 1 drop in each teaspoonful. 

nutrabin (nu'-tra-bin). A dietetic prepared from 
proteins of milk and beef; a brown powder flavored 
with vanilla. 



NUTRIANT 



617 



NYXIS 



nutriant (nii'-tre-ant) [nutrire, to nourish]. A 
medicine or agent that modifies nutritive processes. 

nutrient (nu'-tre-ent) [see nutriment], i. Affording 
nutrition. 2. A substance that nourishes; a food. 
n. foramen, an osseous canal for a nutrient vessel. 
n. vessel, a vessel supplying the marrow of bones. 

nutriment {nu'-trim-ent) [nutrire, to nourish]. 
Anything that nourishes. 

nutrin (nu'-trin). A nutritive albuminous sub- 
stance. 

nutrition {nu-trish'-un) [nutriment]. The process 
by which tissue is built up and waste repaired. 

nutritious (nu-trish'-us)'. Synonym of nutritive. 

nutritive (nu'-trit-iv) [nutrire, to nourish]. Pos- 
sessing the quality of affording nutrition. 

nutritorium (nu-trit-o'-re-um) [nutrire, to nourish]. 
The nutritive apparatus, or that part of the organism 
that is directly concerned with anabolic changes. 

nutritory {nu'-trit-o-re) [nutrire, to nourish]. Con- 
cerned in the processes of nutrition. 

nutrix (nu'-triks) [L.: pi., nutrices]. A female 
nurse, especially a wet-nurse. 

nutrolactis {nu-tro-lak'-tis). A galactagogue said 
.to be a liquid extract of Galega officinalis. 

nutrose (nu'-tros). Neutral casein sodium, a 
soluble powder containing 13.8 % of nitrogen, used 
as a food in intestinal disorders. 

mix (nuks) [L.]. A nut. n. moschata [L., "musky 
nut"]. The nutmeg; myristica. n. vomica. The 
seed of Strychnos nux-vomica, an Indian tree of the 
order Loganiacece. It contains several alkaloids, the 
most important being strychnine and brucine (q. v.), 
which are united with a peculiar acid called igasuric 
acid. In small doses it is a bitter tonic, stimulating 
gastric digestion; it raises blood-pressure by stimu- 
lating the heart and the vasomotor center, and 
stimulates the respiratory center and the motor 
centers of the spinal cord. In overdoses it produces 
tetanic convulsions and risus sardonicus; the reflex 
excitability is enormously increased, and the slightest 
stimulus serves to bring on a convulsion. Death 
usually occurs from asphyxia (cramp-asphyxia), 
and more rarely from exhaustion. Nux vomica, 
or strychnine, is employed in dyspepsia, in convales- 
cence from acute diseases, in acute infectious dis- 
eases, in shock, in poisoning by chloroform and 
opium, in emphysema, phthisis, and other condi- 
tions associated with dyspnea, in chronic bronchitis, 
in constipation, in atony of the bladder, in lead- 
palsy, and in amaurosis from tobacco or alcohol. 
Dose 1-5 gr. (0.065-0.32 Gm.). n. vomica, extract of 
(extr actum nucis vomica, U. S. P.). Dose £-* gr. 
(0.01-0.016 Gm.). n. vomica, fluidextract of (fluid- 
extr actum nucis vomica, U. S. P.). Dose 1-5 min. 
(0.065-0.32 Cc). n: vomica, tincture of (tinctura 
nucis vomica, U. S. P.). Dose 5-30 min. (0.32- 
2.0 Cc). 

nyctalgia (nik-tal'-je-ah) [vv£, night; 0X705, pain]. 
Pain which occurs chiefly during the night, e. g., 
the osteocopic pains of syphilis. 

nyctalope (nik'-ta-lop) [vv£, night; u>\p, the eye]. 
One who sees better at night or in semidarkness 
than in a bright light. 

nyctalopia {nik-tal-o'-pe-ah) [see nyctalope]. 1. 
Night-vision; the condition in which the sight is 
better by night or in semidarkness than by daylight. 
Dr. Greenhill and Mr. Tweedy have shown that 
according to the quite universal usage of modern 
times, the definitions of the words nyctalopia and 
hemeralopia have been the reverse of those of the 
early Greek and Latin writers. The proper deriva- 
tion, therefore, of nyctalopia would be w£, night; 
dXa6s, blind; w^, eye, the word meaning night- 
blindness. Hemeralopia was likewise derived from 



Vfikpa, day; aXaos, blind; &\p, eye, and meant day- 
blindness. The attempt to reinstate the ancient 
usage can result only in confusion, and the words 
should, therefore, never be used. 

nyctamblyopia (nik-tam-ble-o'-pe-ah) [vi)£, night; 
oMjSXucoiua, dim-sightedness]. Imperfect vision at 
night. 

nycterine (nik'-ter-en) [wKrepivfc, nightly]. 1. Oc- 
curring in the night. 2. Obscure. 

nyctophobia (nik-to-fo'-be-ah) [vi>£, night; <£6/3os, 
fear]. Insane dread of the night. 

nyctophonia inik-to-fo' -ne-ah) [vv£, night; <t>wh, 
voice]. The hysterical loss of the voice during the 
day. 

nyctotyphlosis (nik-to-tif-lo'-sis) [j/i>£, night; tv<1>- 
Xwo-ts, blindness]. Night-blindness. 

nycturia (nik-tu'-re-ah) [vb^, night; ovpov, urine]. 
Nocturnal urinary incontinence. 

nygma (nig'-mah) [vvyna], A punctured wound. 

Nylander's test for glucose (ni'-lan-der) [Claes 
Wilhelm Gabriel Nylander, Swedish chemist, 1835- 
]. Dissolve 4 Gm. of Rochelle salts in 100 Cc. 
of a solution of caustic potash (10 %), and add 2 Gm. 
of bismuth subnitrate; place on the water-bath 
until as much of the bismuth salt is dissolved as 
possible; on heating 10 volumes of urine with 1 
volume of the foregoing solution a black coloration 
or the precipitation of phosphates is produced in the 
presence of glucose. 

nylic standard (ni'-lik) [Initial letters of New York 
Life Insurance Company], A standard of weight in 
accordance with height and age, as adopted by the 
New York Life Insurance Company. 

nympha (nim'-fah) [vvn<t>v, nymph; pi., nympha]. 
A labium minus of the vulva. 

nymphectomy (nim-fek' '-to-me) [nympha; e/cro^, 
excision]^ _ Surgical removal of one or both nympha?. 

nymphitis (nim-fi'-tis) [nympha; ins, inflammation]. 
Inflammation of the nympha?. 

nymphomania (nim-fo-ma' -ne-ah) [nympha; navia, 
madness]. Excessive sexual desire on the part of a 
woman. 

nymphomaniac (nim-fo-ma' -ne-ak) [see nympho- 
mania]. One affected with nymphomania. 

nymphoncus (nim-fong'-kus) [nympha; oynos, 
tumor]. Tumor or swelling of the nympha. 

nymphotomy inim-fot' -o-me) [nympha; touv, cut- 
ting]. 1. Incision of one or both nympha?. 2. The 
surgical removal of one or both nympha?. 

Nyssa (nis'-ah). A genus of cornaceous trees; 
gum trees; tupelo or pepperidge. N. candicans, 
N. capitata, N. grandidentata, and N. uniflora, are 
species of the U. S., whose roots are used in making 
tupelo-tents. 

nystagmiform (nis-tag'-me-form) [warayixos, nod- 
ding of the head; forma, form]. Resembling nystag- 
mus. 

nystagmus (nis-tag'-mus) [waTa^etv, to nod in 
sleep]. An oscillatory movement of the eyeballs. 
It may be congenital or dependent on intracranial 
disease, especially meningitis, or multiple sclerosis, 
etc. n., Cheyne's, n., Cheyne-Stokes'. See Cheyne- 
Stokes' nystagmus, n., lateral, oscillation of the eyes 
in the horizontal meridian, n., rotatory, an oscil- 
latory, partial rolling of the eyeball around the 
visual axis, n., vertical, oscillatory movement in 
the vertical meridian. 

nystaxis (nis-taks'-is). Synonym of nystagmus. 

Nysten's law (ni'-sten). Rigor mortis begins in the 
muscles of mastication, extends to the facial and 
neck muscles, then to the trunk and arms, and 
finally to the lower extremities. 

nyxis (niks'-is) [vvfa, puncture]. Surgical punc- 
ture or paracentesis. 



O. The chemical symbol of oxygen; also the 
abbreviation of oculus, eye, of octarius, a pint, and of 
opening of an electrical circuit. 

o-. Abbreviation for ortho-, in chemical com- 
pounds. 

oak (ok) [AS., ac]. A genus of trees, Quercus, of 
the order Cupuliferce. The dried bark of Quercus 
alba, white oak, is official in the U. S. P. It contains 
a peculiar tannic acid known as quercitannic acid, 
and a bitter principle, quercin, and is used as an 
astringent tonic, especially in the form of the oak- 
bath. It has also been employed in leukorrhea, 
hemorrhoids, and prolapse of the rectum. Dose of 
the bark 15 gr. (i Gm.); of the fluidextract (fiuid- 
extractum quercus, U. S. P.) 15 min. (1 Cc). 

oakum (o'-kum) [AS., acumba, tow]. A materia'l 
made by picking old rope to pieces. It was formerly 
used as a dressing for wounds, and in the form of 
pads to absorb lochial discharges. 

oaralgia (o-a-raV -je-aln) [uiapiov, ovule; aXyos, 
pain]. Ovarian neuralgia. 

oaria (o-a'-re-ah). Plural of oarium, q. v. 

oarialgia (o-ar-e-al'-je-ah). See oaralgia. 

oaric (o-ar'-ik) [uapiov, ovule]. Ovarian; relating 
to the oaria. 

oariocele (o-a'-re-o-sel) [uapiov, ovule; /07X7?, tumor]. 
Hernia involving an ovary. 

oariocyesis (o-a-re-o-si-e'-sis) [uapiop, ovule; kutio-is, 
pregnancy]. Ovarian pregnancy. 

oarioncus (o-a-re-ong'-kus) [d>apu>v, ovule; 67/cos, 
tumor]. An ovarian tumor. 

oariopathy (o-a-re-op'-ath-e) [coapiov, ovule; wados, 
disease]. Any ovarian disease. 

oariophyma (o-a-re-o-fi'-mah) [ojapiov, ovule; <pvp.a, 
tumor]. Same as oarioncus. 

oariorrhexia (o-a-re-or-eks'-e-ah) [uapiov, ovule; 
p»}£is, rupture]. Rupture of the ovary. 

oarioscirrhus (o-a-re-o-skir'-us) [coapiov, ovule; 
o-nippos, hard]. Scirrhus of the ovary. 

oariosteresis (o-a-re-o-ster-e'-sis) [wapiov, ovule; 
o-reprjo-is, privation]. Same as oariotomy. 

oariotomy (o-a-re-ot'-o-me) [aapiov, ovule; Top.ri, 
a cutting]. Surgical removal of an ovary. 

oaritis {o-a-ri'-tis) [wapiov, ovule; ins, inflamma- 
tion]^ Inflammation of an ovary. 

oariule (o-a' -re-ill) [wapiov, ovary; 011X97, scar]. A 
corpus luteum. 

oarium {o-a'-re-um) [uhpwv, ovule: pi., oaria]. 
See ovarium. 

oasis (o-a'-sis) [oao-is, a dry spot: pi., oases]. 
In surgery, an isolated spot of healthy tissue sur- 
rounded_ by diseased tissue. 

oat (6t) [AS., atan, oats]. A cereal plant, Avena 
saliva, or other species of Avena, and its seed. o. 
treatment (of v. Noorden), in diabetes mellitus: 
consists in daily regime of 250 Gm. of oat-flakes or 
meal cooked for a long time in water, 100 Gm. of 
albumin, 300 Gm. of butter. 

oatmeal (61' -mil). The meal made from oats. It 
is used in the form of a gruel, as a food, as a demul- 
cent and laxative, and as an emollient poultice. 

ob- [L.]. A prefix signifying on, against, in front 
of, or toward. 

obdormition (ob-dor-mish'-un) [obdormire, to fall 
asleep]. Numbness of a part due to interference with 
nervous function; the state of a part when it is said 
to be "asleep." 

obduction (ob-duk'-shun) A necropsy. 

O'Beirne's sphincter (p-burn') [James O'Beirne, 
Irish surgeon, 17 86-1 862]. A thickened circular 
bundle of muscular fibers, situated in the rectum, 
just below its junction with the colon. O'B.'s tube, 
a long, flexible tube used in making rectal injections. 

obeliac (o-be'-le-ak) [6/3«A6s, a spit]. Pertaining to, 
or situated near, the obelion. 

obeliad (o-be'-le-ad). Toward the obelion. 

obelion (o-be'-le-on). See under craniometric 
point. 



Obermayer's test for indican in the urine (o'-ber- 
mi-er) [Fritz Obermayer, Austrian physician, 1861- 
]. With a lead -acetate solution (1:5) precipi- 
tate the urine; care must be taken not to add an 
excess of lead solution. Filter, and shake the filtrate 
for one or two minutes with an equal .quantity of 
fuming hydrochloric acid which contains 1 or 2 
parts of ferric chloride solution to 500 parts of the 
acid. Add chloroform, which becomes blue from the 
generation of indigo-blue. 

Obermeier, spirillum of (o'-ber-mi-er) Otto Hugo 
Franz Obermeier, German physician, ^843-1873].' 
A spirillumfonnd in theblood in 1 elapsing fevre. 

Obermueller's test for cholesterin (o' ' -ber-mu-ler) 
[Kuno Obermueller, German physician, 1861- ]. 
Place the cholesterin in a test-tube, and fuse with 
2 or 3 drops of propionic acid anhydride over a small 
naked flame. The fused mass on cooling is violet, 
changing to blue, green, orange, carmin, and finally, 
copper-red. 

Oberst method of inducing local anesthesia (o'- 
bairst) [Max Oberst, German surgeon, 1849- ]. 
Injection of a 1 per cent, solution of cocaine over 
the course of a nerve-trunk supplying the area to be 
attacked. 

obese (o-bes) [obesus, fat]. Extremely fat; 
corpulent. 

obesity (o-bes'' -it-e) [obesus, fat]. An excessive 
development of fat throughout the body; corpulence; 
polysarcia. 

obex (o'-beks) [L., "a barrier"]. A band of white 
nervous matter at the point of the calamus scriptorius. 

obfuscation (ob-fus-ka'-shun) [ob-; fuscus, dusky]. 
1. Darkening or clouding, as obfuscation of the cor- 
nea. 2. Mental confusion. 

object-blindness (ob-jekt-blind'-nes). See apraxia. 

object-glass (ob'-jekt-glas). See objective (3). 

objective (ob-jek'-tiv) [ob-; jacere, to throw], 
i. Pertaining to an object or to that which is con- 
templated or perceived, as distinguished from that 
which contemplates or perceives. 2. Pertaining to 
those relations and conditions of the body perceived 
by another, as objective signs of disease. 3. The 
lens of a microscope nearest the object. 

obligate (ob'-lig-at) [obligare, to bind]. Con- 
strained; bound; not facultative, o. aerobic, of a 
microorganism, one that can live only as an aerobe. 
o. anaerobic, of a microorganism, one that can live 
only as an anaerobe, o. parasite, a parasite that can 
live only as a parasite. 

oblinition (ob-lin-ish'-un) [oblinere, to smear]. 
Inunction. 

oblique (ob-llk' or ob-lek') [obliquus]. Not direct; 
aslant; slanting. In botany, unequal-sided. In 
anatomy, an oblique muscle, as the external or in- 
ternal oblique of the abdomen, or the superior or 
inferior oblique of the eye. 

obliquimeter (ob-lik-wim'-et-er) [oblique; p.krpov, 
a measure]. An instrument fitted with arms em- 
ployed to indicate the angle formed by comparing 
the plane of the pelvic brim with the perpendicular 
axis of the upright body. 

obliquity (ob-lik'-wit-e) [oblique]. The state of 
being oblique. 

obliquus (ob-li'-kwus) [L., "slanting"]. A term 
applied to various muscles. See under muscle. 

obliteration (ob-lit-er-a'-shun) [obliterare, to efface, 
from ob-; liter a, a letter]. Removal of a part; 
extirpation; complete closure of a lumen. 

oblongata (ob-lon-ga'-tah) [L.]. The medulla 
oblongata. 

oblongatal (ob-long-ga'-tal) [oblongata, the medulla]. 
Pertaining to the oblongata. 

obmutescence (ob-mu-tes'-ens) [obmutescere, to 
become dumb]. Aphonia; loss of voice. 

observation (ob-ser-va'-shun) [observatio]. The 
examination of a thing; a systematic study of phe- 
nomena. 



OBSESSION 



619 



OCOTEA 



obsession (ob-sesh'-un) [ob-; sedere, to sit]. Pos- 
session as by evil spirits; an imperative idea; a domi- 
nant delusion, o. dentaire, neurasthenic neuralgia 
erroneously attributed to the teeth. 

obsolescence (ob-so-les'-ens) [obsolescere, to grow 
old]. The state of becoming old or obsolete. 

obstetric, obstetrical (ob-stet'-rik, ob-stet' -rik-al) 
[obstetrics]. m Pertaining to the practice of obstetrics. 

obstetrician (ob-stet-rish'-an) [obstetrics]. One who 
practises obstetrics. 

obstetrics (ob-stet'-riks) [obstare, to stand before]. 
The branch of medicine that deals with the care of 
women during pregnancy, labor, and the puerperium. 

obstetrix (ob-stet'-riks) [obstare, to stand before]. 
A midwife. 

obstipation (ob-stip-a'-shun) [obstipare, to stop up]. 
Intractable constipation. 

obstruction (ob-struk'-shun) [ob-; struere, to build]. 
i. The state of being obstructed or blocked up. 

2. The act of impeding or blocking up. 3- An 
impediment or obstacle. 

obstructive (ob-struk'-tiv) [obstruction], i. Stopping 
or blocking up. 2. Due to an obstruction, as ob- 
structive jaundice. 

obstruent (ob'-stroo-ent) [obstruere, to close up], 
i. Obstructive; tending to obstruct. 2. Any remedy 
or agent closing the lumen or orifice of vessels or ducts. 

obstupefacient (ob-stu-pe-fa' -she-ent) [obstupefacere, 
to stupefy]. Narcotic or stupefying. 

obtund (ob-tund') [ob-; hinder e, to beat]. To blunt 
or dull; to lessen, as to obtund sensibility. 

obtundent {ob-tund' -ent) [obtundere, to make dull]. 
Soothing, quieting; a remedy that relieves or over- 
comes irritation or pain. 

obturation (ob-tu-ra'-shun) [obturare, to stop up]. 
The closing of an opening or passage. 

obturator (ob'-tii-ra-tor) [obturation], i. Closing 
an opening. 2. That which closes an opening. 

3. Pertaining to 'the obturator membrane, muscles, 
etc. o. foramen, a foramen in the anterior part 
of the os innominatum. See foramen, obturator. 
o. membrane, the membrane closing the obturator 
foramen, o. muscle. See under muscle, o. nerve. 
See under nerve. 

obtuse (ob-tiis') [obtusus, p.p. of obtundere, to 
blunt, dull]. Blunt. 

obtusion (ob-tu'-zhun) [obtundere, to blunt]. The 
blunting or weakening of normal sensation: a symp- 
tom of certain diseases. 

occalcarine (ok-kal'-kar-en). See occipitocalcarine. 

occipital (ok-sip'-it-al) [occiput]. Pertaining to or 
in relation with the occiput, o. artery. See under 
artery, o. bone. See bones, table of. o. cross, the 
internal occipital protuberance, o. lobe, one of the 
lobes of the cerebrum, o. nerve. See under nerve. 
o. protuberance, the prominence on the inner surface 
(internal) or on the outer surface (external) of the 
occipital bone. o. section, a transverse section 
through the middle of the occipital lobe. 0. triangle. 
See under triangle. 

occipitalis (ok-sip-it-a' -lis) [L.]. The posterior 
belly of the occipitofron talis muscle. 

occipiten (ok-sip' '-it-en) [occiput]. Belonging to 
the occipital bone in itself. 

occipito- (ok-sip-it-o-) [occiput]. A prefix denoting 
connection with or relation to the occipital bone or 
the occiput. 

occipitoanterior (ok-sip-it-o-an-te' -re-or) [occipito-; 
anterior]. Having the occiput directed toward the 
front, as the occipitoanterior position of the fetus in 
the uterus. 

^ occipitoatloid (ok-sip-it-o-at'-loid) [occipito-; atlas; 
elSos, form]. Pertaining to the occipital bone and 
the atlas. 

occipitoaxoid (ok-sip-it-o-aks'-oid) [occipito-; axis; 
tl&os, form]. Pertaining to the occipital bone and 
the axis. 

occipitobregmatic (ok-sip-it-o-breg-mat'-ik) [occipi- 
to-; bregma]. Pertaining to the occiput and the 
bregma. 

occipitocalcarine (ok-sip-it-o-kal'-kar-ln). Both 
occipital and calcarine; referring to the posterior 
calcarine fissure. 

occipitocervical (ok-sip-it-o-ser'-vik-al) [occipito- ; 
cervix]. Pertaining to the occiput and the neck. 

occipitofacial (ok-sip-it-o-fa'-skal). Pertaining to 
both the occiput and the face. 

occipitofrontal (ok-sip-it-o-fron'-tal) [occipito- ; fron- 
tal]. Pertaining to the occiput and forehead, or to 
the occipitofrontal muscle (occipitofrontalis) . 



occipitofrontalis (ok-sip-it-o-fron-ta'-lis) [L.]. See 
under muscles, table of. 

occipitomastoid (ok-sip-it-o-mas'-toid) [occipito-; 
mastoid]. Pertaining to the occipital bone and the 
mastoid process. 

occipitomental (ok-sip-it-o-men'-taT) [occipito- ; men- 
turn, the chin]. Pertaining to the occiput and the 
chin. 

occipitoparietal (ok-sip-it-o-par-i' -et-aV) [occipito- ; 
parietal]. Pertaining to the occipital and parietal 
bones, or to the occipital and parietal lobes of the 
brain. 

occipitoposterior (ok-sip-it-o-pos-te' -re-or) [occipi- 
to-; posterior]. Having the occiput directed back- 
ward, as the occipitoposterior position of the fetus in 
the uterus. 

occipitotemporal (ok-sip-it-o-tem'-por-al) [occipito-; 
temporal]. Pertaining to the occipital and temporal 
bones. 

occiput (ok'-sip-ut) [ob-, over against; caput, the 
head; gen., occipitis]. The back part of the head. 

occluding (ok-loo'-ding) [see occlusion]. Closing; 
applied to the grinding surfaces of molars and bicus- 
pids. 

occlusal (ok-loo'-sal). See occluding. 

occlusio (ok-loo'-ze-o) [L.]. Closure. 0. pupillae, 
obliteration of the pupil, o. pupillae lymphatica, 
obliteration of the pupil by a false membrane. 

occlusion (ok-loo'-zjun) [ob-, against; claudere, to 
shut]. 1. A closing or shutting up. 2. The state 
of being closed or shut. 3. The absorption, by a 
metal, of gas in large quantities, as of hydrogen by 
platinum. 4. The full meeting or contact in a posi- 
tion of rest of the masticating surfaces of the upper 
and lower teeth; it is erroneously called articulation 
of the teeth, o., buccal, a bicuspid or molar tooth 
outside the line of occlusion, o., distal, when a 
tooth is more posterior than normal, o., labial, an 
incisor or cuspid tooth outside the line of occlusion. 
o., lingual, refers to a tooth inside the line of occlu- 
sion. 0., mesial, when a tooth is nearer the median 
line than normal, o., torso-, a tooth turned on its 
axis. 

occlusive (ok-loo'-siv) [see occlusion]. Closing or 
shutting up, as an occlusive surgical dressing. 

occult (ok-kuW) [occultus, hidden]. Hidden; con- 
cealed; not evident, o. blood, a concealed hemor- 
rhage, o. disease, any disease the nature of which 
is not readily determined. 

occupation-disease. One caused by the occupa- 
tion of the patient. See occupation-neurosis. 

occupation-neurosis. A functional disturbance of 
the part used in carrying on a certain occupation, 
as writer's cramp, telegrapher's cramp, etc. 

ocellus (o-sel'-us) [L., a little eye: pi., ocelli]. In 
biology: (a) one of the simple eyes or pigment- 
spots of invertebrate animals; (b) one of the 
elements of a compound eye; (c) one of the colored 
spots on many feathers, flowers, etc. 

ochema (ok-e'-mah) [oxeiv, to carry]. A vehicle 
for medicines. 

ocher, ochre (o'-ker) [uxpfc, pale]. A variety of 
fine clay containing iron; the common colors are 
yellow and red. 

ocheus (ok'-e-us) [oxelv, to carry]. The scrotum. 

ochlesis (ok-le'-sis) [ox^-os, crowd]. Crowd-poison- 
ing; disease due to overcrowding, and lack of ventila- 
tion. 

ochletic (ok-let'-ik) [ox^os, crowd]. Pertaining to, 
or of the nature of, ochlesis. 

ochlophobia (ok-lo-fo'-be-ah) [6x>^os, crowd; <t>60os, 
fear]. Morbid fear of crowds. 

ochriasis (o-kri'-as-is) [&xpos, yellow]. Sallowness 
of complexion. 

ochrometer (o-krom' -et-er) [uxpos, pale; ukrpov, 
measure]. An instrument for measuring the capillary 
blood-pressure. 

ochronosis (o-kron-o'-sis) [coxpos, pale; vbaos, dis- 
ease]. A brownish or blackish discoloration of 
cartilage and allied structures; it is probably an 
intensification of the pigmentation normally present 
in these structures, occurring in advanced life. 

ochronosus (o-kron'-o-sus) [ocher; vbcros, disease]. 
Any disease marked by dark discoloration of the 
cartilages and allied structures. 

ochronotic (o-kron-ot'-ik). Pertaining to or re- 
lating to ochronosis. 

ochropyra (o-kro-pi'-rah) [wxpbs, yellow; vvp, 
fire]. Yellow fever. 

Ocotea (ok-ot'-e-ah) [native name in Guiana]. A 



OCTAD 



620 



ODONTOGLYPH 



genus of laurinaceous trees. 0. cujumary of Brazil, 
furnishes seeds which are used in dyspepsia. O. 
opifera, a variety the oil from the fruit and the bark 
of which is used as an antirheumatic. O. pretiosa 
is used in neurasthenia. 

octad {ok' -tad) [octo, eight], i. An octavalent ele- 
ment or radical. 2. Having a valence of eight. 

octan (ok'-tan) [octo]. Returning every eighth day, 
as an octan fever. 

octane (ok'-tan) [6«t&, eight], CsHis. The eighth 
member of the paraffin or marsh-gas series. 

octarius (ok-ta'-re-us) [octo]. An eighth part of a 
gallon; a pint. Abbreviated O. 

octavalent (ok-tav' -al-ent) [octo; valere, to be worth]. 
Having a quantivalence of eight. 

octene (ok' -ten). See octylene. 

octigravida (ok-te-grav'-id-ah) [octo; gravida, a 
pregnant woman]. A woman pregnant for the eighth 
time. 

octipara (ok-tip'-ar-ah) [octo; par ere, to bring forth]. 
A woman who has been in labor eight times. 

octivalent. See octavalent. 

octo- (ok'-to-) [burto, eight]. A prefix denoting 
reference to the number eight. 

octoferric (ok-to-fer'-ik) [octo; f err um, iron]. Con- 
taining eight atoms of iron in the molecule. 

octoroon (ok-tor-oon') [oktoj, eight]. The offspring 
of a white person and a quadroon; a person who has 
one eighth part of negro blood. 

octoses (ok'-to-ses) [<kr«, eight]. A group of the 
monosacharides with the formula CsHieOs. 

octylene (ok' -til-en) [oktw, eight], CsHi6. A color- 
less liquid derived from octane. 

ocular (ok'-u-lar) [oculus, the eye]. 1. Pertaining 
to or in relation with the eye. 2. The lens of a 
microscope that is turned toward the eye. o., 
compensating, a lens that compensates for axial 
aberration of the objective, o., Huygenian, a lens 
consisting of two planoconvex lenses, the convexities 
being directed toward the objective; the lower lens 
is the field-lens, the upper, the eye-lens. 

oculentum (ok-u-len' -turn) [oculus, eye; pi., ocu- 
lenta]. _ An ointment for use in the eye. 

oculin (ok'-U-lin). An organo therapeutic prepara- 
tion said to be a glycerol extract from the ciliary body 
of the eyes of oxen. 

oculist (ok'-u-list). Synonym of ophthalmologist. 

oculo- (ok-u-lo-) [oculus, eye]. A prefix signifying 
pertaining to the eye. 

oculofacial (ok-u-lo-fa'-she-al). Relating to the 
eyes and the face. 

oculofrontal (ok-u-lo-fron'-tal) . Relating to the eyes 
and the forehead. 

oculomotor (ok-u-lo-mo' -tor) [oculo-; mover e, to 
move]. 1. Pertaining to the movement of the eye, 
as the oculomotor nerve. 2. Pertaining to the oculo- 
motor nerve, as the oculomotor nucleus. 

oculomotorius (ok-u-lo-mo-to' -re-us) [see oculo- 
motor]. The third, or motor oculi, nerve. 

oculonasal (ok-u-lo-na'-sal). Relating to the eye 
and nose. 

oculoreaction (ok-u-lo-re-ak'-shun). Ophthalmore- 
action, q. v. 

oculozygomatic (ok-u-lo-zi-go-mat'-ik) [oculo-; zy- 
goma]. Pertaining to the eye and the zygoma. See 
Jadelot's lines. 

oculus (ok'-u-lus\ [L., an eye: pi., oculi]. An eye. 
o. bovinus, o. bovis. Synonym of hydrophthalmia. 
o. bubulus. Synonym of o. bovinus. o. caesius, 
glaucoma, o. dexter, the right eye. o. duplex, a 
bandage covering both eyes. o. elephantinus. 
Synonym of hydrophthalmia. o. genu, the patella. 
o. lacrimans, epiphora, o. leporinus, lagophthalmos. 
oculi marmarygodes. See metamorphopsia. o. ovi, 
cicatricula. o. purulentus, hypopyon, o. scapulae, 
the glenoid cavity, o. sinister, the left eye. o. 
simplex. See monoculus. 

oculustro (ok-u-lus'-tro). A soap consisting of 
oleate of potassium, glycerol, and turpentine. 

ocyodinic (o-se-o-din'-ik) [dwcfe, swift; w5iVes, labor 
pains]. Oxytocic; hastening the delivery o fthe fetus. 

od (od) [55os, way]. The force supposed to pro- 
duce the phenomena of mesmerism. 

O. D. Abbreviation of oculus dexter, right eye; 
also of optic disc. 

odaxesmus (o-daks-ez'-mus) [68a^ria-p.6s, a sharp 
biting]. The biting of the tongue, lip, or cheek, 
occurring during an epileptic fit. 

odaxetic (o-daks-et'-ik) [see odaxesmus]. Giving 
rise to an itching or stinging sensation. 



odic (o'-dik). Of or pertaining to the theoretical 
force or influence od. o.-force. See od. 

odinagogue (o-din'-ag-og). Synonym of oxytocic. 

odol (o'-dol). A mouth- wash, said to consist of 
phenyl salicylate, 2.5 parts; oil of peppermint, 0.5 
part; saccharin, 0.004 part; and alcohol, 07 parts. 

odontagma (o-don-tag'-mah) [68ovs, tooth; &yp,6s, 
a breaking]. Same as odontoclasis. 

odontagra (o-don-ta'-grah) [bSobs, tooth; &ypa, 
seizure]. Toothache, especially a form due to gout. 

odontalgia (o-don-taV -je-ah) [68obs, tooth; a\yos, 
pain]. Toothache, o., phantom, pain felt in the 
space from which a tooth is absent. 

odontalgic (o-don-tal'-jik) [68ovs, tooth; &\yos, 
pain]. 1. Antiodontalgic. 2. Relating to tooth- 
ache. 3. A remedy for toothache. 

odontatrophy (o-don-tat'-ro-fe) [68ovs, tooth; arpcxpia, 
atrophy]. Atrophy of the teeth. 

odonterism (o-don'-ter-izm). Chattering of the 
teeth. 

odontharpagra (o-don-thar-pa'-grah). Synonym of 
dentagra. 

odonthemodia (o-dont-hem-o'-de-ah) [68ovs, tooth; 
alfiuSia, a having the teeth on edge]. Hemodia; 
excessive sensibility of the teeth. 

odonthercos (o-don-ther'-kos) [odonto-; ipaos, fence]. 
A set of teeth. 

odonthyalophthora (o-dont-hi-al-off'-thor-ah) [odon- 
to-; vahos, glass; <f>9eipeu>, to destroy]. Destruction of 
the enamel of the teeth. 

odonthyalus (o-dont-hi'-al-us) . Synonym of enamel. 

odontia (o-don'-she-ah) [odonto-]. 1. Odontalgia. 
2. Any abnormality in connection with the teeth. 
o. deformis, deformity of the teeth, arising either 
from error of shape, position, or malformation of the 
jaws or alveolar border, o. incrustans, tartar of the 
teeth. 

odontiasis (o-don-ti'-as-is) [dSovHacns, teething]. 
Dentition; the cutting of teeth. 

odontiater (o-don-te-a'-ter) [odonto-; larpds, physi- 
cian]. A dentist. 

odontiatria (o-don-te-a-tre'-ah) [odonto-; larpeta, 
a healing]. Dental surgery. 

odontic (o-don'-tik) [odonto-]. Appertaining to 
the teeth. 

odontinoid (o-don' -tin-oid) [odonto-; eiSos, re- 
semblance]. Resembling or having the nature of 
teeth, 

odontitis (o-don-ti'-tis) [68ovs, tooth; ins, inflamma- 
tion]. Inflammation of the teeth. 

odonto- (o-don-to-) [680k, tooth]. A prefix sig- 
nifying pertaining to a tooth. 

odontoatlantal (o-don-to-at-lant'-al). Same as 
atloaxoid. 

odontoblast (o-don' -to-blast) [odonto-; /SXao-r6s, a 
germ]. One of the cells covering the dental papilla 
and forming the dentine. 

odontoblastoma (o-don-to-blas-lo'-mah) [odonto- 
blast; 6pa, tumor]. A tumor composed of dentine. 

odontobothriitis (o-don-to-both-re-i'-tis) [odonto- ; 
fiodpiov, a little cavity; iris, inflammation]. Inflam- 
mation of the socket of a tooth. 

odontobothrium (o-don-to-both'-re-um) [odonto- ; 
(iodplov, a little cavity]. The alveolus of a tooth. 

odontoceramic (o-don-to-ser-am'-ik) [odonto-; Kepa- 
pos, clay]. Pertaining to porcelain teeth. 

odontochalix (o-don-tok'-al-iks) [odonto-; x<Wu£. 
mortar]. Dental cement. 

odontochirurgical (o-don-to-ki-rur'-jik-al) [odonto-; 
xeipovpyla, surgery]. Pertaining to dental surgery. 

odontoclasis (o-don-tok' -las-is) [odonto-; KKaeiv, to 
break]. The breaking of a tooth. 

odontoclast (o-don' -to-klast) [odonto-; ickaeiv, to 
break]. A protoplasmic cell engaged in absorbing 
the fang of a deciduous tooth. 

odontocnesis (o-don-tok-ne'-sis) [odonto-; Kvfiavs, an 
itching]. A painful itching sensation in the gums, 
as that preceding cutting of the teeth. 

odontodol (o-don' -to-dol) . A dental anodyne said 
to contain cocaine hydrochloride, 1 part; oil of 
cherry-laurel, 1 part; tincture of arnica, 10 parts; 
solution of ammonium acetate, 20 parts. 

odontodynia (o-don-to-din'-e-ah) [odonto-; b8vvt), 
pain]. Toothache. 

odontogen (o-don' -to- j en) [odonto-; yewav, to pro- 
duce], A material producing dentine. 

odontogeny (o-don-toj'-en-e) [odonto-; yewav, to 
beget]. The origin and development of teeth. 

odontoglyph (o-don' -to-glif) [odonto-; y\{xpav, to 
carve]. An instrument used for scraping the teeth. 



ODONTOGRAPHY 



621 



OHM 



odontography (o-don-tog'-ra-fe) [odonto-; ypa<j>et.v, 
to write]. The descriptive anatomy of the teeth. 

odontoid (o-don'-toid) [odonto-; e18os, like]. Re- 
sembling a tooth; tooth-like. o. ligament. See 
ligament, odontoid, o. process, the dentate process 
of the second cervical vertebra. 

odontolith (o-don' -to-lith) [odonto-; \Ldos, a stone]. 
The calcareous accretion on the teeth, popularly 
known as tartar. 

odontology (o-don-tol'-o-je) [odonto-; X670S, sci- 
ence]. The branch of science dealing with the ana- 
tomy and diseases of the teeth. 

odontoloxia, odontoloxy (o-don-to-loks'-e-ah, o-don'- 
to-loks-e) [odonto-; \o£6s, slanting]. Irregularity or 
obliquity of the teeth. 

odontoma (o-don-to'-mah) [odonto-; op.a, tumor], 
i. A tumor containing dentine or tooth-like structure. 
2. Any tumor in connection with the teeth. 

odontome (o-don' -torn). See odontoma, o., com- 
posite, a tumor made up of all the histological ele- 
ments of teeth, thrown together indiscriminately. 

odontomys (o-don' -to-mis) [odonto-; p.vs, mouse]. 
The dental pulp. 

odontonecrosis (o-don-to-nek-ro'-sis) [odonto- ; necro- 
sis]. Necrosis or decay of the tissues of the teeth. 

odontoneuralgia (o-don-to-nu-ral'-je-ah) [odonto-; 
neuralgia]. Neuralgia due to diseased teeth. 

odontonosology (o-don-to-nos-ol'-o-je) [odonto-; vb- 
<ros, disease; \6yos, science]. A treatise on diseases 
of the teeth ; also that branch of medicine that treats 
of diseases of the teeth. 

odontoparallaxis (o-don-to-par-al-aks'-is) [odonto- ; 
vapaKXa^Ls, deviation]. Irregularity of the teeth; 
deviation of one or more of the teeth from the natural 
position. 

odontopathy (o-don-top'-alh-e) [odonto-; iraBos, suf- 
fering]. Any disease of the teeth. 

odontoperiosteum (o-don' -to-per-e-os-te-um) . Syn- 
onym of periodonteum. 

odontoplerosis (o-don-to-ple-ro'-sis) [odonto-; irkr/- 
poxrvs, filling]. The filling of teeth. 

odontoprisis (o-don-to-pri'-sis) [odonto-; xpiVts, a 
sawing]. Grinding of the teeth. 

odontorrhagia (o-don-tor-a'-je-ah) [odonto-; fay- 
vwai, to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from the socket 
of a tooth. 

odontorthosia {o-don-tor-tho'-ze-ah) [odonto-; dpdfc, 
straight]. The operation of straightening irregularly 
growing teeth. 

odontorthosis (o-don-lor-tho'-sis). Same as odon- 
torthosia. 

odontoschisis (o-don-tos' -kis-is) [odonto-; o-x'T*"'. 
to split]. Splitting of a tooth. 

odontoschism (o-don' -to-skizm) [odonto-; ax^eiv, 
to split]. A fissure in a tooth. 

odontoscope (o-don' -to-sk op) [odonto-; aicoireZp, to 
see]. A dental mirror used for inspecting the teeth. 

odontoseisis {o-don-to-si'-sis) [odonto-; aelais, a 
shaking]. Looseness of the teeth from partial or 
total destruction of the alveolar processes, caused 
most frequently by disease of the gums. 

odontosis (o-don-to'-sis) [6Sovs, tooth]. The forma- 
tion and development of the teeth. 

odontosteophyte, odontosteophyton (o-don-tos' -te- 
o-fit, o-don-tos-te-off'-it-on) [odonto-; barkov, bone; 
<j>veiy, to grow]. A bony outgrowth from a tooth. 

odontosteresis (o-don-to-ster-e'-sis) [odonto-; arkp- 
jjffw, privation]. Loss of the teeth. 

odontotechny (o-don' -to-tek-ne) [odonto-; rkxvv< 
art]. Dental surgery. 

odontotheca (o-don-to-the'-kah) [odonto-; driK-o, 
case]. The follicle of a tooth. 

odontotherapy (o-don-to-ther'-ap-e) [odonto-; 6epa- 
ireia, treatment]. The treatment of diseases of the 
teeth. 

odontotrimma (o-don-to-trim'-ah) [odonto-; rpLpp-a, 
a pulverized substance: pi., odontotrimmata], A 
tooth-powder. 

odontotripsis (o-don-to-trip'-sis) [odonto-; rpL$u.v, 
to rub]. The natural abrasion or wearing away of 
the teeth. 

odontotrypy (o-don-tot'-rip-e) [odonto-; rpvirav, to 
perforate]. Perforation of a tooth to remove pus or 
a diseased pulp. 

odor (o'-dor) [L.]. A scent, smell or perfume. 
Fragrance. 

odoration (o-dor-a'-shun) [odoralio, a smelling], 
i. The act of smelling. 2. The sense of smell. 

odorator (o-dor-a'-tor) [odor, perfume]. An ato- 
mizer for diffusing liquid perfumes. 



odoriferous (o-dor-if'-er-us) [odor; ferre, to carry]. 
Fragrant. 

O'Dwyer's method of treating intubation ulcers 
(o-dwi'-er) [Joseph P. O'Dwyer, American physician, 
1 841-1898]. This consists in the employment of 
tubes provided with a narrow neck and coated with 
a layer of gelatin and alum. The gelatinized tube is 
left in the larynx for five days, at the end of which 
time it is removed and replaced by a similar tube. 
This process is repeated three times, at the end of 
which the ulcer will usually be found to be com- 
pletely healed. O'D.'s tubes, tubes used for intu- 
bation of the larynx. 

odyl, odyle (od'-il). See od. 

odynacousis, odynacusis (o-din-ah-koo'-sis) [bbivrj, 
pain; 6.Koveiv, to hear]. Pain caused by noises. 

-odyne, -odynia (-o-din, -o-din' -e-ah) [68wrj, pain], 
A suffix denoting pain. 

odynolysis (o-din-ol'-is-is) [bbvvrj, pain; Xuew, to 
loose]. Alleviation of pain. 

odynometer (o-din-om'-et-er) [65vvr], pain; p.krpov, 
measure]. An instrument for recording the amount 
of pain suffered by a patient. 

odynopeia (o-din-o-pe'-e-ah) [dSvvrj, pain; irotelv, 
to make]. The induction of labor-pains. 

odynopeic (o-din-o-pe'-ik). Oxytocic. 

odynophagia (o-din-o-fa'-je-ah). See odynphagia. 

odynophobia (o-din-of-o' -be-ah) [oSOvrj, pain; <p6@os, 
fear]. Morbid dread of pain; algophobia. 

odynopceia (o-din-o-pe'-e-ah). The induction of 
labor pains. 

odynphagia (o-din-fa'-je-ah) [bSvvr], pain; <payelv, 
to eat]. Painful deglutition. 

odynuria (o-din-u'-re-ah) [65vi>ri, pain; ovpov, urine]. 
The painful passage of urine. 

oe-. See e-. 

oecology (e-kol'-o-je) [oIkos, a house, family; X670S, 
science]. See ecology. 

■ Oehl's layer (el) [Eusebio Oehl, Italian anatomist, 
1827-1903]. The stratum lucidum of the epidermis. 

(Enanthe (e-nan'-the) [olvos, wine; avdos, a flower]. 
A genus of umbelliferous plants. The fruit of (E. 
phellandrium is diuretic, carminative, and recom- 
mended as a specific sedative to the bronchial 
mucosa. Dose of powdered fruit 1 dr. (4 Cc.) in 24 
hours. 

cenanthol (e-nan' -thol) , C7H14O. An aromatic 
liquid distilled from castor oil. 

oenanthotoxin (e-nan-tho-toks'-in), C1-H22O5. A 
toxic resinoid from (Enanthe crocata. 

cenilism (e'-nil-izm) [olvos, wine]. A form of 
alcoholism produced by abuse of wine. 

Oertel's method (er'-tel) [Max Joseph Oertel, 
German physician, 1835-1897]. The treatment of 
circulatory disturbances of heart disease, obesity, 
emphysema, etc., by mechanical means. The objects 
aimed at are: 1. Diminution of the fatty tissue de- 
posited, achieved by regulating the diet, etc. 2. Re- 
duction of the body-fluids, accomplished by reducing 
the ingestion of all fluids. 3. Strengthening of the 
heart-muscle and promotion of the development 
of compensatory hypertrophy, attained by methodical 
mountain-climbing and other systematic exercise. 
4. Stimulation of the circulation by massage, passive 
movements, and sanitary gymnastics. 

oese (e'-zeh) [Ger.]. An instrument consisting of 
a loop of platinum wire affixed to a glass handle and 
employed in bacteriological investigation. 

oesophagus and allied words. See esophagus, etc. 

oestrum (es'-trum). See estrum. 

oestrus (es'-trus). See estrus. 

offal (off'-al). Refuse of any kind. 

official (of-ish'-al) [officium, duty; service]. Of 
medicines, sanctioned by the recognized authority, 
i. e., the pharmacopeia. 

officinal (of-is'-in-al) [officina, a workshop]. For 
sale in the shops; kept on sale in apothecaries' shops. 

ogmomele (og-mo-me'-le) [oypos, furrow; ^17X77, 
probe]. A grooved probe. 

Ogston's line (og'-ston) [Alexander Ogston, Scotch 
surgeon, 1844- ]. An imaginary line extending 
from the tubercle of the femur to the intercondyloid 
notch, and indicating the course of the tendon of the 
adductor magnus; it is a guide in section of the 
internal condyle from the shaft of the femur. 

ohm (6m) [Georg Simon Ohm, German physicist, 
1787-1854]. The unit of electrical resistance. The ohm 
adopted as a standard varies: the British Association 
ohm is the resistance of a column of mercury 1 square 
millimeter in section and 1.0493 18 meters long. 



OHMMETER 



622 



OIL 



The legal ohm is similar to that just described ex- 
cept that the column of mercury is 1.06 meters in 
length. The international ohm, adopted 1893, is 
the resistance of a column of mercury 1.063 centi- 
meters long and weighing 14.4521 grams. O.'s 
law, the current strength in any conductor varies 
directly as the electromotive force, and inversely as 
the resistance. 

ohmmeter (om'-e-tur). An apparatus for esti- 
mating electric resistance in ohms. 

-oid (-oid) [eI5os, like]. A suffix signifying like- 
ness or resemblance. 

oidial (o-id'-e-al) . Pertaining to or due to a fungus 
of the genus Oidium. 

oidiomycetes (o-id-e-o-mi-se'-tes) [oidium; imvktjs, 
fungus]. A group of fungi which includes Oidium. 

oidiomycosis (o-id-e-o-mi-ko'-sis) [ww, an egg; 
mycosis], A disease produced by yeast-fungi of 
the genus Oidium. 0. cutis, a cutaneous disease 
produced by blastomycetic fungi of the genus 
Oidium. o. lactis, the white mold found on milk, 
bread, etc. 

Oidium (o-id'-e-um) [dim. of $6v, egg]. A genus 
of parasitic fungi. O. albicans, the thrush-fungus. 

oikiomania (oi-ke-o-ma'-ne-ah) [oIkos, house; navla, 
mania]. Domestic perversity; shrewishness mani- 
fested specially in one's own home. 

oikoid (oi'-koid) [oIkos, house; elSos, like]. The 
stroma of red corpuscles. 

oikologic (oi-kol-oj'-ik) [oIkos, house; \6yos, science]. 
Relating to the condition and improvement of homes. 

oikology (oi-kol'-oj-e) [oIkos, a house; X670J, science]. 
The science of the home. 

oikophobia (oi-ko-fo'-be-ah) [oIkos, house; 4>6Pos, 
dread]. Morbid dread, or dislike of home, or of a 
house. 

oikosite (oi'-ko-sit) [oIkos, house; airos, food]. A 
parasite fixed to its host. 

oil [oleum, from iXcuop, oil]. A liquid of animal 
or vegetable, sometimes of mineral, origin, having a 
peculiar feel, and not miscible with water. Animal 
and vegetable oils are either volatile or fixed. (For 
the various oils not defined here see under the qualifying 
word.) o., aleurites, a fixed oil with nutty flavor 
from the seeds of the candlenut tree, Aleurites triloba. 
It is a mild cathartic, acting in the same manner as 
castor-oil and more promptly. Dose f-i oz. (15- 
30 Cc). o., almond. See under amygdala, o. of 
amber. Seesuccinum. o., of anda, a fixed oil from 
seeds of Joannesia princeps, used as a purgative. 
o. of angelica, a volatile oil from roots of Archangelica 
officinalis, used as a tonic, o., animal, an oil obtained 
from destructive distillation of bones; applied in 
skin diseases and used internally in hysteria. Dose 
S-20 min. (0.3-1.2 Cc). o. of anise, an essential 
oil from anise, used as a carminative, o. of anise, 
star, essential oil from fruit of Illicium anisatum. 
o. of arachis, fixed oil from peanuts, the fruit of 
Arachis hypogcea. 0. of arbor vitae. See o. of 
thuja, o. of arnica flowers, an essential oil from 
A. montana, used as a diuretic and an emmenagogue, 
and externally for rheumatism, o. of artemesia, 
an antiseptic and astringent oil from the flowers of 
Roman wormwood, A. maritima. o. of asphalt, a 
rubefacient, antiseptic oil obtained from destructive 
distillation of asphalt; it is applied in rheumatism 
and parasitic skin diseases, o. of balm, an essential 
antispasmodic oil from the leaves of Melissa officinalis. 
©., basil-, an essential oil from the leaves of Ocimum 
basilicum. It is antiseptic and stimulant. Dose 
1-2 min. (0.06-0.12 Cc). o. of behen. Same as 
o. of ben. o. of ben, a fixed oil from seeds of two 
species of Moringa, Asiatic trees, o. , of benne. 
See 0. of sesame, o. of birch-bark, a volatile oil from 
the bark of Betula lenta, almost identical with 
oil of wintergreen; antirheumatic and antiseptic. 
Dose 5-30 min. (0.3-1.8 Cc). o. of birch-wood, an 
antiseptic black liquid from Betula alba. It is used 
in skin diseases, o. of bitter almond. See under 
amygdala, o. of boldus, a volatile oil from Peumus 
fragrans, used in genitourinary inflammations. 
o., British, a variety of petroleum, o. of cade, 
juniper tar, an empyreumatic oil distilled from the 
wood of Juniperus oxycedrus, used as an antiseptic. 
o. of camomile (German), an essential oil from 
Matricaria chamomilla. It is used in colic, cramps, 
etc. Dose 1-5 min. (0.06-0.3 Cc). o. of camomile 
(Roman), an essential oil from the flowers of An- 
themis nobilis. It is tonic and stomachic. Dose 
1-5 min. (0.06-0.3 Cc). o., camphorated, a solution 



of camphor in olive-oil. o. of Canada snake-root, 

an antiseptic, aromatic oil from Asarum canadense. 
o., candle-nut. See o., aleurites. o. of canella, a 
volatile, stimulant oil from Canella alba, used as a 
flavor, o. of caraway. See under carum. o. of 
cardamom, a volatile oil from cardamom, used as 
an aromatic and stimulant, o., Carron, an oil con- 
sisting of equal or nearly equal parts of linseed-oil 
and lime-water. It is used as an application to 
burns, and is named after the Carron iron- works in 
Scotland, "where it was first employed. 0. of cas- 
carilla, a volatile oil from the bark of Croton eluteria; 
it is stimulant and aromatic and is used as an ad- 
juvant in bitter tonics. Dose 1-2 min. (0.06-0.12 
Cc). o. of cedar leaves, a volatile oil from leaves of 
Juniperus virginiana, used as an antiseptic and 
emmenagogue. o. of cedar wood, volatile oil from 
wood of Juniperus virginiana. o. of cedrat, volatile 
oil from fruit-rind of Citrus medica, used as an aro- 
matic, o. of celery, volatile oil from seeds of Apium 
graveolens, used in nervous affections, o. of cham- 
omile, German, a volatile oil from the flowers of 
Matricaria chamomilla, used in cramps, o. of 
chamomile, Roman, a volatile oil from flowers of 
Anthemis nobilis, used as a stomachic, o. of cham- 
paca, a volatile oil from the flowers « of Michelia 
champaca. o. of cherry-laurel, an essential oil 
from the leaves of Prunus laurocerasus ; it has the 
odor and properties of oil of bitter almonds; used 
as a sedative. Dose &-% min. (0.01-0.03 Cc). 
o. of citronella, an essential oil from various species 
of the grass Andropogon. o. of cloves, a volatile 
oil from cloves, used as an antiseptic, o., cocoanut-, 
a white, semisolid fat, soluble in alcohol and ether, 
obtained from the nut of Cocos nucifera. It is used 
as an alterant and nutrient and as an ointment-base. 
Dose 2-4 dr. (8-16 Cc). o. of cypress, a volatile, 
oily liquid obtained from the fresh leaves and shoots 
of Cupressus sempervirens. It is antiseptic and anti- 
spasmodic and is recommended in whooping-cough; 
used by sprinkling the clothes and room, o., dead, 
a heavy oil. 0. of dill, a volatile oil from the fruit 
of Peucedanum graveolens, used as a carminative. 
Dose 3-10 min. (0.2-0.6 Cc). o., Dippel's. See 
o., animal, o.s, distilled, volatile oils, o., doegling. 
See doegling oil. o., dugong, oil from the cetaceous 
animal Halicare dugong. o., Dutch, same as o. 
Haarlem, o. of ergot, a laxative oil from ergot. 
o. of erigeron, a volatile oil from E. canadense, used 
as a hemostatic, o., essential, a volatile oil, so- 
called because it contains the essence or active 
principle of a plant, o., ethereal, a calmative, 
volatile liquid consisting of ether and heavy oil of 
wine. o. of eulachon, the fixed oil of candle-fish 
blubber, o., fatty, salt-like bodies composed of 
characteristic acids (oleic, palmitic, and stearic), 
known as fatty acids, and a base. In most cases the 
base is glyceryl, the radical of the triatomic alcohol, 
glycerol, so that the oils are said to be glycerids of 
the several fatty acids. See o., fixed, o. of fir cones, 
a volatile oil from the cones of Picea excelsa, used 
as an antiseptic, o. of fir, scotch, volatile oil from 
the leaves of Pinus sylvestris, used in chronic rheuma- 
tism, o. of fireweed, volatile oil from Erechtites 
prcealta, used as a tonic, o., fixed, one not volatilizing 
on the application of heat. Fixed oils are also 
called fatty oils, because they in part constitute the 
animal and vegetable fats. Some are liquid, as olive- 
oil, cottonseed-oil, linseed-oil, castor-oil, etc.; others 
are solid, as tallow and beeswax, which chemically 
belong to the group of oils. See o., fatty, o., fusel, 
a volatile oily liquid obtained in rectifying brandy 
and whisky; it consists largely of amyl alcohol; is 
poisonous, and used as a solvent, o. of garlic, 
volatile oil from bulbs of Allium sativum, used as a 
diuretic and expectorant, o. of gaultheria. See 
o. of wintergreen. o. of ginger, volatile oil from 
ginger, used as a stomachic, o. of gingili, sesame oil. 
o., gomenol, a terpinol said to be obtained from 
Melaleuca leucadendron ; it is recommended in per- 
tussis. Dose i|-3 dr. (6-12 Cc.) of 5 % oil injected 
into the gluteal muscles, o., Haarlem, an oily anti- 
septic preparation of sulphurated linseed oil and oil 
of turpentine, o., heavy, of wine, the product ob- 
tained when alcohol is treated with an excess of 
sulphuric acid. See oleum cethereum. o. of hemlock, 
volatile oil from the bark of Tsuga canadensis. 
o., herring, fixed oil of herrings, o. of hops, a volatile 
oil from hops; sedative, tonic, and narcotic. Dose 
1-5 min. (0.06-0.3 Cc). o. of horsemint, a volatile 



OIL 



623 



OLECRANON 



oil from Monarda punctata; used as a Carminative. 
Dose i-io min. (0.06-0.6 Cc). o. of hyoscyamus 
leaves, a green oil prepared by heating a fixed oil 
with fresh leaves of Hyoscyamus niger; used as a 
sedative in the cough of tuberculosis. Dose 1-5 min. 
(0.06-0.3 Cc). o., hyssop, a volatile oil from 
Hyssopus officinalis; used in diarrhea, colic, etc. 
Dose 1-5 min. (0.06-0.3 Cc). o. of jatropha curcas, 
a fixed oil from Barbados nuts, used as a purgative. 
0. of juniper berries, volatile oil from fruit of juniper, 
used as a diuretic and stimulant and to preserve sur- 
gical ligatures, o. of juniper wood, volatile oil from 
the fresh wood of Juniperus communis. Not to be 
used for preserving catgut; not to be confounded with 
oil of cade, o., juniper, empyreumatic. See cade, 
oil of. o., lard, oil from hog's lard. o. of lemon, 
a volatile carminative oil from fresh lemon-rind. 
o. of lemon balm. Same as o. of balm. o. of lemon 
grass, volatile oil from several species of Andropogon. 
o. of linaloe, a volatile oil distilled from a Mexican 
wood of uncertain origin, o., linseed-. See lini, 
oleum, under linum. o. of male-fern, a volatile oil 
from Dryopteris filix-?nas and D. marginalis; it 
is used as an anthelmintic. Dose 12-25 min. (0.7- 
1.5 Cc). o., margosa, a bitter yellow oil from 
the seeds of Melia azadirachta; it is used as an 
anthelmintic and as an application in rheumatism 
and in sunstroke, o., marjoram, wild, an essential 
oil from the tops of Origanum vulgar e; it is antiseptic, 
tonic, and emmenagogue. Dose 2-10 min. (0.12- 
0.6 Cc). It is also used externally in skin diseases. 
0. of matico, a volatile antiseptic oil from Piper 
angustifolium ; used in diseases of the urinary tract. 
Dose 5-1 min. (0.03-0.06 Cc). o. of menhaden, a 
fixed oil from blubber of menhaden, o. of milfoil, 
a carminative oil from the flowers of Achillea mille- 
folium, o., mineral, petroleum and certain of its 
derivatives. 0. of mint, curled, volatile oil from the 
leaves of Mentha aquatica. o. of mirbane, nitro- 
benzene, q. v. o. of mustard. See under mustard. 
o. of myrtle, volatile oil from the leaves of 
Myrtus communis, used as an antiseptic, o. of 
nagkassar or nahor, oil from the seeds of Mesua 
ferrea, used locally in rheumatism, o., neatsfoot, 
fixed, lubricant oil from the feet of neat cattle. 
o. of Neroli, an essential oil from the flowers of bitter 
orange, used as a perfume, o., Niaouli, a volatile 
oil from the leaves of Melaleuca leucadendron, con- 
taining 66 % of eucalyptol; used in tuberculosis. 
Dose 4 min. (0.25 Cc.) 6 times daily; as an injection, 
165 min. {1 Cc.) in olive-oil. o., orange, volatile 
oils from the leaves, flowers, and fruit of various 
species of orange, o. of orange-peel, an essential 
oil from the fresh rind of Citrus aurantium. o., 
origanum. See o., marjoram, wild; also the common 
but erroneous name for oil of thyme, o. of orris, a 
volatile oil from the rhizome of several species of Iris. 
o., paraffin, principally hydrocarbons of the Cn- 
H2n+2 series, distilled from petroleum. o. of 
patchouli, volatile oil from the leaves of Pogostemon 
heyneanus, used as a perfume, o. of peanut. Same 
as 0. of arachis. o. of peppermint, volatile oil from 
leaves of Mentha piperita, used as a carminative and 
antiseptic, o. of peppermint, Mitcham, oil from 
peppermint 'grown at Mitcham, Surrey, England. 
o., phosphorated, one per cent, solution of phos- 
phorus in almond oil and ether, used as a nerve stimu- 
lant, o. of pinus pumilio, a very fragrant volatile 
oil from the leaves of Pinus pumilio; antiseptic and 
expectorant, and used also in glandular enlargements 
and skin diseases. Dose 5-10 min. (0.3-0.6 -Cc). 
o. of poho, Japanese oil of peppermint, o. of poppy, 
a fixed oil from the seeds of various species of Papaver. 
o. of porpoise, fixed oil from blubber of porpoise. 
o. of pumpkin seed, thick, oily liquid from the seeds 
of Curcurbila pepo; it is said to be anthelmintic. 
o. of rhodium, volatile oil from the wood of Con- 
volvulus scoparius, used as a perfume, o., rock-, 
petroleum, o. of rosewood. See o. of rhodium. 
o. of sassafras, volatile oil from the root-bark of 
5. officinale, used as an aromatic and carminative. 
o. seneca, crude petroleum, o., sesame, a fixed 
oil from the seeds of Sesamum indicum; it is laxative 
and nutrient. Dose 4-8 dr. (15-30 Cc). o., shore, 
a kind of cod-liver oil prepared on shore, o. of 
spearmint, a volatile oil from Mentha viridis, used as 
a carminative and an antiseptic, o., sperm, fixed 
oil from fat of Physeter macrocephalus, sperm whale. 
0. of spike, a volatile oil from the leaves and tops of 
Lavandula spica; carminative and rubefacient, and 



used externally in rheumatism, o., straits, the 
first oil obtained by the exposure of the livers of 
codfish to the sun in casks, on board ship. o. of 
sumbul, volatile oil from the root of Ferula sumbul; 
it is tonic and antispasmodic, o., sweet-. See 
olive-oil. o. of sweet bay. See o. of laurel, o. of 
tansy, a volatile, poisonous oil from the leaves and 
tops of Tanacetum vulgare, used as an anthelmintic 
and emmenagogue. o. of teaberry. See o. of 
gaultheria. o. of theobroma, cacao-butter, o., 
thuja, an essential oil from the leaves of Thuja occi- 
dentalis; emmenagogue, tonic, and antiseptic, o. of 
turpentine, a volatile oil from the concrete resin of 
Pinus palustris and other species; chiefly consisting 
of C10H16; it is anthelmintic, antiseptic, diuretic, and 
rubefacient. Dose 5-120 min. (0.3-7.4 Cc). o., 
valerian, a volatile oil from the rhizome and root of 
Valeriana officinalis, used in nervous diseases. Dose 
4-5 min. (0.25-0.3 Cc). o. of verbena. See o. of 
lemon grass, o., volatile, one which vaporizes at 
ordinary temperatures. Volatile oils are odoriferous, 
and are generally obtained by distillation, o. of 
wax, a volatile oil from the distillation of wax. o. 
of white cedar. See o., thuja, o. of wine, heavy, 
oily liquid from the distillation of wine with excess 
of sulphuric acid. o. of wintergreen, an essential 
oil from the leaves of Gaultheria procumbens; used 
in rheumatism and chronic cystitis. Dose 5-10 
min. (0.3-0.6 Cc). o. of ylang ylang, a volatile, 
antiseptic oil distilled in the Philippine Islands from 
the flowersof Cananga odorata. 

oinomania (oi-no-ma'-ne-ah) [olvos, wine; navla, 
madness]. 1. A form of insanity characterized by 
an irresistible craving for, and consequent indulgence 
in, drink. 2. Delirium tremens. 

ointment (oint'-ment) [L., unguentum], A fatty 
material of the consistence of butter, generally 
impregnated with a medicinal substance, and used 
for application to the skin, o., citrine. See citrine 
ointment, o., Lister's, boric acid, 1; white wax, 1; 
paraffin, 2; almond oil, 2 parts, o., Maury's, one 
composed of one dram of mercuric nitrate and half a 
dram each of powdered opium and rhubarb to an 
ounce of simple ointment. It is used as an appli- 
cation to ulcers, o.-muslin, a muslin strip impreg- 
nated with ointment, o., simple. See unguentum. 
o., soldiers', o., troopers', mercurial ointment, q. v. 
{For other ointments not here defined see under un- 
guentum or the qualifying word.) 

Oken's body (o'-ken) [Lorenz Oken, German 
naturalist, 1770-1851]. The primitive kidneys or 
Wolffian bodies. 

-ol. A termination indicating that the substance 
is an alcohol or a phenol. 

ol. Abbreviation for oleum, Latin word for oil. 

O.L.A. Abbreviation for occipitolcevo anterior, or 
left occipitoanterior position of the head of the fetus 
in labor. 

old-sight. Presbyopia. 

Olea (o'-le-ah) [eXcu'a, the olive-tree]. A genus of 
trees; see olive. 

olea (o'-le-ah) [L.]. Plural of oleum, q. v. o. in- 
fusa, infused oils. 

oleaginous (o-le-aj'-in-us) [oleum, oil]. Oily. 

oleamen (o-le-a'-men) [L. : pi., oleamina]. An 
oily, soft ointment or liniment. 

oleander (o-le-an'-der). See Nerium. 

oleandrism (o-le-an' -drizm) . Poisoning by ole- 
ander; analogous to digitalism. 

olease (o'-le-as) . An enzyme in olives which causes 
precipitation of the coloring-matter of olive-oil 
and rancidity by formation of fatty acids. 

oleate (o'-le-at) [oleum, oil]. 1. A salt of oleic 
acid. 2. A mixture of oleic acid with certain medi- 
cinal principles. 

olecranal (o-lek'-ran-al) [see olecranon]. Pertain- 
ing to the olecranon. 

olecranarthritis (o-lek-ran-ar-thri'-tis) [olecranon ; 
arthritis]. Inflammation of the elbow-joint. 

olecranarthrocace (o-lek-ran-arth-rok'-as-e) [ole- 
cranon; apOpov, joint; kcucos, evil]. Inflammation of 
the elbow-joint. 

olecranoid (o-lek'-ran-oid) [olecranon; eI5os, like]. 
Resembling the olecranon, o. fossa, the fossa at 
the dorsal side of the distal end of the humerus for 
the reception of the olecranon. 

olecranon (o-lek'-ran-on) [ajXei^, the ulna; upaviov, 
skull]. The large concave process at the upper 
extremity of the ulna. 



OLEFIANT 



624 



OLIGOPHRENIA 



defiant (o-lef-e-ant) [see olefin]. Making oil. 
o. gas. See ethylene. 

olefin (o'-lef-in) [oleum, oil; facer e, to make], 
defiant gas; also any one of a series of unsaturated 
hydrocarbons having the formula CnHm. 

oleic (o'-le-ik) [oleum]. Relating to, containing, 
or obtained from oil. o. acid. See acid, oleic. 

olein (p'-le-in) [oleum], C57H104O6. A neutral fat, 
glyceryl trioleate, occurring in olive-oil, butter, and 
other animal and vegetable fats. It is a colorless oil 
with a faint, sweetish taste, insoluble in water, 
readily soluble in alcohol and ether. 

oleo- (o-le-o-) [oleum]. A prefix to denote con- 
nection with or relation to an oil. 

oleobalsamic mixture (o-le-o-bawl-sam'-ik). A 
mixture of the oils of lavender, thyme, lemon, mace, 
orange-flowers, cloves, and cinnamon, with balsam 
of Peru and, alcohol. It is used as a nervine. 

oleocreosote (o-le-o-kre'-o-sot) [oleo-; creosote]. 
A yellowish, neutral liquid composed of creosote, 
33 %» and oleic acid. It is used in bronchial and 
pulmonary diseases. Dose 10-15 min. (0.65-1.0 Cc). 

oleoguaiacol (o-le-o-gwi'-ak-ol). See guaiacol 
oieate. 

oleoinfusion (o-le-o-in-fit'-zhun). An oily solution 
of a drug. 

oleomargarine (o-le-o-mar' '-gar-en) [oleo-; fi&pyapos, 
the pearl-oyster]. An artificial butter made by 
removing the excess of stearin from tallow or suet. 

oleometer (o-le-om'-et-er) [oleum, oil; perpov, 
measure]. An instrument for ascertaining the weight 
and purity of oil. 

oleoresin (o-le-o-rez'-in) [oleo-; resina, resin]. A 
substance consisting chiefly of a mixture of an 
essential oil and a resin extracted from plants with 
ether. 

oleosaccharose (o-le-o-sak'-ar-os). A compound 
of saccharose with an essential oil. 

oleosaccharum {o-le-o-sak'-ar-um) [oleum, oil; 
aaKxapov, sugar; pi., oleosacchara]. An oil-sugar; a 
preparation made by saturating thirty grains of 
sugar with one drop of volatile oil. 

oleum (o'-le-um) [L.]. See oil. (For the various 
oils (olea) not defined here see under oil or under the 
qualifying word.) o. aethereum, a volatile, yellowish 
liquid consisting of equal volumes of heavy oil of 
wine and ether. Heavy oil of wine is produced when 
alcohol and sulphuric acid are distilled, and is a 
mixture of ethyl sulphate, ethyl sulphite, and several 
polymeric forms of ethylene, o. fixum, a fixed oil. 
See oil, fixed, o. nigrum, a reddish-yellow oil, ob- 
tained in the East Indies from the seeds of Celastrus 
paniculatus; it is a powerful stimulant and dia- 
phoretic, and is used in rheumatism, gout, and various 
fevers, o. phosphoratum, a mixture of phosphorus, 
1 gr. ; ether, 9 gr. ; almond oil, 90 Cc. It is prescribed 
in rhachitis. 

olfaction (ol-fak'-shun) [olfacere, to smell]. The 
function of smelling. 

olfactive (ol-fak'-tiv) [olfaction]. Synonym of 
olfactory. 0. angle, the angle formed by the line 
of the olfactory fossa and the os planum of the 
sphenoid bone. 

olfactometer (ol-fak-tom'-et-er) [olfaction; ukrpov, a 
measure]. An instrument for determining the power 
of smell. 

olfactometry (ol-fak-tom'-et-re). The science of 
measuring the acuteness of the sense of smell. 

olfactory (ol-fak'-to-re) [olfaction]. Pertaining to 
the sense of smell, o. bulb, the bulbous end of the 
olfactory nerve, o. cells, the cells of the nasal fossae 
forming the peripheral end-organs of the olfactory 
nerve, o. center, the cerebral center for the sense of 
smell, supposed to be in the hippocampal gyrus. 
0. glomerulus, one of the terminations of the olfac- 
tory fibers in the olfactory bulb. o. groove. See 
o. sulcus, o. islets. See Calleja's olfactory islets. 
o. lobe, the olfactory tubercle, olfactory tract, and 
olfactory bulb considered together, o. membrane, 
the Schneiderian membrane, q. v. o. nerve, the 
first cranial nerve, the nerve of smell. 0. region, 
the area of distribution of the olfactory nerve 
in the upper part of the nose. o. sulcus, the 
furrow for the olfactory tract and bulb on the 
cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone, and on 
the orbital surface of the cerebral hemispheres. 
o. tract, the central portion of the olfactory lobe 
terminating anteriorly in the olfactory bulb and 
posteriorly in the olfactory tubercle, o. trigone, the 
triangular mass of gray matter between the roots of 



the olfactory bulb. o. tubercle, the expanded end 
of the narrow olfactory lobe, commonly called 
olfactory nerve or first cranial nerve; the olfactory 
bulb. o. vesicle, the embryonic vesicle forming the 
olfactory tract and bulb. 

olibanum (o-lib'-an-um) [Ar., al-luban, frankin- 
cense]. A gum-resin produced by various species 
of Boswellia. It has been used as a substitute for 
the balsams of Peru and tolu, as an inhalation in 
laryngeal and bronchial inflammations, for fumiga- 
tion, and in plasters. Syn., frankincense. 

oligemia, oligaemia (ol-ig-e' -me-ah) [6X1705, scanty; 
alua, blood]. A state in which the total quantity 
of the blood is diminished, oligaemia serosa. Same 
as hydremia. 

olighemia, olighsemia (ol-ig-he' -me-ah). Same as 
oligemia, q. v. 

olighidria, oligidria (ol-ig-hi'-dre-ah, ol-ig-id'-re-ah) 
[oligo-; idpus, sweat]. Deficiency of perspiration. 

olighydria (ol-ig-hi'-dre-ah) [oligo-; iidwp, water]. 
Deficiency of the fluids of the body, 

oligo- (ol-ig-o-) [o\iyos, few or scanty]. A prefix 
signifying want or deficiency. 

oligoblennia (ol-ig-o-blen'-e-ah) [oligo-; p\kwa, 
mucus]. A deficient secretion of mucus. 

oligocardia (ol-ig-o-kar'-de-ah) [oligo-; napbla, 
heart]. Same as bradycardia. 

oligocholia (ol-ig-o-ko'-le-ah) [oligo-; x°M. bile]. 
A deficiency of bile. 

oligochromemia, oligochromsemia (ol-ig-o-kro-me'- 
me-ah) [oligo-; xP<*>Ma> color; alfia, blood]. Deficiency 
of hemoglobin in the blood. 

oligochrosis (ol-ig-o-kro'-sis) [oligo-; xp&<n*i a 
coloring]. Deficiency of hemoglobin in the blood- 
corpuscles. 

oligochylia (ol-ig-o-ki'-le-ah) [oligo-; x^Xos, chyle]. 
A deficiency of chyle. 

oligochymia (ol-ig-o-ki' -me-ah) [oligo-; xv^os, juice]. 
A deficiency of chyme. 

oligocopria (ol-ig-o-kop'-re-ah) [oligo-; Kovpos, ex- 
crement]. Deficiency of excrement. 

oligocystic (ol-ig-o-sis'-tik) [oligo-; Kvans, cyst]. 
Having few cysts or open spaces. 

oligocythemia, oligocythemia (ol-ig-o- si-the' -me-ah) 
[oligo-; kvtos, cell; al/ia, blood]. A deficiency of 
red corpuscles in the blood. 

oligocytosis (ol-ig-o-si-to'-sis). See oligocythemia. 

oligodacrya (ol-ig-o-dak'-re-ah) [oligo-; Saupvov, 
tear]. Deficiency of the tears. 

oligodactylia (61-ig-o-dak-tiV -e-ah) [oligo-; SiucrvXos, 
finger]. A condition characterized by a deficiency 
of fingers or toes. 

oligoerythrocythemia, oligoerythrocythaemia (ol-ig- 
o-er-ith-ro-si-the' -me-ah) [oligo-; ipvdpos, red; kvtos, 
cell; alua, blood]. Deficiency of the coloring- 
matter of the red corpuscles of the blood. 

oligogalactia (ol-ig-o-gal-ak'-te-ah) [oligo-; galactia]. 
Deficiency in the secretion of milk. 

oligogalia (ol-ig-o-ga'-le-ah)._ See oligogalactia. ( 

oligoglobulia (ol-ig-o-glo-bu'-le-ah). See oligo- 
cythemia. 

oligohemia, oligohaemia (ol-ig-o-he' -me-ah) . See 
oligemia. 

oligohydramnios (ol-ig-o-hi-dram'-ne-os) [oligo-; 
hydramnios], A deficiency in the quantity of the 
amniotic fluid. 

oligohydria (ol-ig-o-hi'-dre-ah) . Same as olighydria. 

oligomania (ol-ig-o-ma' -ne-ah) [oligo-; p.avla, mad- 
ness]. Insanity in which only a few of the mental 
faculties are deranged. 

oligomelus (ol-ig-o-me'-lus). Excessive congenital 
thinness of the limbs, or a deficiency in their num- 
ber. 

oligomenorrhea oligomenorrhoea (ol-ig-o-men-or-e'- 
ah) [oligo-; p.i)v, month; pola, flow]. Insufficiency 
of the menstrual flow. 

oligomorphic (ol-ig-o-mor'-fik) [oligo-; p.op4>v, form]. 
Applied to organisms which have but few stages of 
development. 

oligonitrophilous (ol-ig-o-ni-trof'-il-us) [oligo- ; nitro- 
gen; <t».\elv, to love]. Organisms occurring freely 
in nature, which develop in nutrient media containing 
combined nitrogen. They have the ability of assimi- 
lating and utilizing atmospheric nitrogen. 

oligopepsia (ol-ig-o-pep' -se-ah) [oligo-; izepvs, di- 
gestion]. Feebleness of digestion. 

oligophosphaturia (ol-ig-o-fos-fat-u'-re-ah). A de- 
crease in the amount of phosphates in the urine. 

oligophrenia (ol-ig-o-fre' -ne-ah) [oligo-; <ppr)v, mind]. 
Imbecility. 



OLIGOPLASMIA 



625 



OMNOPON 



oligoplasmia (pl-ig-o-plaz' -me-ah) [oligo-; plasma]. 
A deficient amount of plasma in the blood. 

oligopnoea (ol-ig-op-ne'-ah) [oligo-; irvo-q, breath]. 
Respiration diminished in depth or frequency. 

oligoposia, oligoposy (ol-ig-o-po'-ze-ah, ol-ig-op'- 
o-se) [oligo-; irwns, drink]. Defective desire for 
drinking. 

oligopsychia (ol-ig-op-si'-ke-ah) [oligo-; \j/vxv, mind]. 
Fatuity; imbecility. 

oligosialia (ol-ig-o-si-a' -le-ah) [oligo-; <na\oi>, saliva]. 
Deficiency of saliva. 

oligospermatic (ol-ig-o-sper-mat'-ik) [oligo-; o-irkpp.a, 
seed]. Pertaining to oligospermia. 

oligospermatism (ol-ig-o-sperm'-al-izm) . See oligo- 
spermia. 

oligospermia (ol-ig-o-sper'-me-ah) [oligo-; airkpfia, 
seed]. A deficiency in the secretion of semen. 

oligospennism (ol-ig-o-sperm'-izm). See oligo- 
spermia. 

oligosteatosis (ol-ig-o-ste-at-o'-sis) [oligo-; arkap, 
tallow]. Deficiency of the sebaceous secretion. 

oligotrichia (ol-ig-o-trik'-e-ah) [oligo-; OpL£, hair]. 
Scantiness or thinness of hair. 

oligotrophy (ol-ig-ot'-ro-fe) [oligo-; rpo^ij, nourish- 
ment]. Defective or imperfect nutrition. 

oligozoospermatism (ol-ig-o-zo-o-sper' '-mat-izm) . 
See oligozoospermia. 

oligozoospermia (ol-ig-o-zo-o-sper' -me-ah) [oligo- ; 
$$ov, animal; airkpua, seed]. Deficiency of the 
spermatozoa in the spermatic fluid. 

oliguresia (ol-ig-u-re'-se-ah). See oliguria. 

oliguresis (ol-ig-u-re'-sis). See oliguria. 

oliguria (ol-ig-u'-re-ah) [oligo-; ovpov, urine]. A 
diminution in the quantity of urine excreted. 

oligydria (ol-ig-id'-re-ah). See olighydria. 

olintal (o'-lin-tal). A liquid soap containing 
myrrh, camphor, and menthol; used as a gargle or 
nasal douche in diphtheria. 

oliophen (o-li'-o-fen). Salol and linseed oil in 
olive oil. 

oliva (o-li'-vah) [L.]. The olivary body. 

olivary (ol'-iv-a-re) [olive], i. Resembling an 
olive in shape. 2. The olivary body. o. body, an 
oval mass of gray matter situated behind the anterior 
pyramid of the medulla, o. fasciculus. See fillet, 
olivary, o. nucleus. See nucleus, olivary, o. pe- 
duncle, the mass of fibers entering the hilum of the 
olivary body. o. process. See process, olivary. 

olive (ol'-iv) [L., oliva]. 1. The oil-tree, Olea 
europcea, of the natural order Oleacece. The value 
of the olive lies chiefly in its fruit, from which a fixed 
oil is expressed — oleum olives (U. S. P., B. P.). Olive- 
oil consists chiefly of olein and palmitin, and is used 
as a nutritive food; in medicine as a laxative; in 
the treatment of gall-stones; as an anthelmintic; 
as an emollient external application to wounds, burns, 
etc.; and as an ingredient of liniments, ointments, 
and plasters. 2. The olivary body. 0., accessory. 
1. A nucleus composed of two small masses of gray 
matter — an outer (the external accessory olivary body 
of Mueller) and an inner (the internal accessory olivary 
body of Mueller), within the olive, situated above 
and to the inner side of the dentatum. Syn., acces- 
sory olivary nucleus; nucleus juxtaolivar is. 2. A gray 
plate dorsad of the olive. 3. A similar but smaller 
gray plate dorsad of the pyramid, o.-oil. See 
under olive (1). 

Oliver's symptom (ol'-iv-er) [Thomas Oliver, 
English physician, 1853- ]. Pulsation of the 
larynx, elicited by grasping the larynx between the 
thumb and index-finger and pressing upward, the 
patient being in the erect position; it is noted in 
aneurysm of the aortic arch and in mediastinal tumors 
that bring the arch of the aorta in contact with the 
left bronchus. O.'s test for albumin, float the urine 
on a mixture of equal parts of sodium tungstate solu- 
tion (10 : 4) and a saturated solution of citric acid 
(10:6). If albumin is present, a white ring is formed 
at the junction of the two liquids. 

Oliver-Cardarelli's symptom. See Oliver's symp- 
tom. 

olivifugal (ol-iv-if'-u-gal) [olive; fugere, to flee]. 
In a direction away from the olivary body. 

olivipetal (ol-iv-ip'-et-al) [olive; peter e, to seek]. 
Toward the olivary body. 

Ollier's law (ol-e-a') [Louis Xavier Edouard 
Leopold Oilier, French surgeon, 1830-1900]. When 
two bones are parallel and joined at their extremities 
by ligaments, arrest of growth in one of them entails 
developmental disturbances in the other. O.'s 



layer, the inner or osteogenetic layer of the peri- 
osteum. 

olophonia (ol-o-fo'-ne-ah) [6Xo6s, destroyed, lost; 
<puvri, voice]. Abnormal speech from malformation 
of vocal organs. 

O. L. P. Abbreviation for occipito Icevo posterior, 
or the left occipitoposterior position of the head of 
the fetus in labor. 

Olshausen's operation (ols'-how-zen) [Robert Mi- 
chaelis Olshausen, German gynecologist, 1835- ]. 
For vaginal fixation: it consists in suturing the round 
ligaments and a portion of the broad ligaments 
instead of the uterine fundus. 

-oma (-o'-mah). Abbreviation of oyKWfia, a swell- 
ing. A termination signifying a neoplasm or tumor. 

omacephalus (o-mas-ef'-al-us) [w/tos, shoulder; 
Ke<j>a\ri, head]. A variety of omphalositic monsters 
of the species paracephalus, in which there are present 
the characteristics of paracephalus except that there 
is more imperfect development, with absence of the 
upper extremities. 

omagra (om-a'-grah) [w/ios, shoulder; aypa, seizure]. 
Gout in the shoulder. 

omal (o'-mal). Trichlorphenol, a compound of 
chlorine and phenol, used by inhalation in bronchial 
diseases. 

omalgia (o-mal'-je-ah) [wp.os, shoulder; aKyos, pain]. 
Same as omodynia. 

omarthralgia (o-mar-thral'-je-ah) [wpos, shoulder; 
apdpov, joint; C1X70S, pain]. Pain in the shoulder- 
joint. 

omarthritis (o-mar-thri'-tis) [5>p.os, shoulder; ar- 
thritis]. Inflammation of the shoulder-joint. 

omarthrocace (o-mar-throk'-as-e) [oifxos, shoulder; 
apdpov, joint; naicos, evil]. Disease of the shoulder- 
joint. 

omasal (o-ma'-sal) [omasum, a paunch]. Pertain- 
ing to the omasum. 

omasum (o-ma'-sum) [omasum, a paunch: pi., 
omasa]. The third stomach of a ruminant; it is also 
called the psalterium, and manyplies. 

omega melancholium (o-meg'-ah mel-an-koV-i-um). 
An omega-shaped (w) wrinkle between the eyebrows, 
said to be a sign of melancholy. 

omeire (o-mi'-ra) [African]. A vinous and acetous 
fermented milk used in parts of Africa. 

omental (o-men'-tal) [omentum]. Pertaining to the 
omentum, o. hernia. See epiplocele. 

omentectomy (o-men-tek'-to-me) [omentum; iKTop.ii, 
excision]. Excision of a portion of the omentum. 

omentitis (o-men-ti'-tis) [omentum; ins, inflamma- 
tion]. Inflammation of the omentum. 

omentocele (o-men'-to-sel) [omentum; ktjXti, hernia]. 
Omental hernia. 

omentopexy (o-men'-to-peks-e) [omentum; irrj£is, 
fixation]. Same as epiplopexy; also, Talma's opera- 
tion, q. v. 

omentosplenopexy (o-men-to-splen' -o-peks-e) . O- 
mentopexy followed by splenopexy to develop com- 
plementary circulation in certain hepaticosplenic 
lesions. 

omentulum (o-men' -tu-lum) [dim. of omentum, 
omentum]. The smaller omentum. 

omentum (o-men'-tum) [L., "adipose membrane"]. 
A fold of the peritoneum connecting the abdominal 
viscera with the stomach, o., gastrocolic, a fold of 
peritoneum attached to the greater curvature of the 
stomach above and, after dipping down over the 
intestine, returning to inclose the transverse colon. 
Between the ascending and descending folds is the 
cavity of the great omentum. Syn., great omentum. 
o., gastrohepatic, a double fold of peritoneum passing 
from the lesser curvature of the stomach to the trans- 
verse fissure of the liver. On the left side it includes 
the esophagus; on the right its edges are free and 
inclose all the structures issuing from or entering 
the transverse fissure of the liver; the hepatic vessels 
and nerves and the bile-duct. Behind it is the 
foramen of Winslow. Syn., lesser omentum, o., 
gastrosplenic, the fold of peritoneum passing from 
the stomach to the spleen, o. majus. See o., 
gastrocolic, o. minus. See 0., gastrohepatic. o., 
pancreaticosplenic, a fold of peritoneum uniting the 
tail of the pancreas with the lower part of the inner 
surface of the spleen. 

omitis (o-mi'-tis) [&p.os, shoulder; vris, inflamma- 
tion]. Inflammation of the shoulder. 

omnivorous (om-niv'-o-rus) [omnis, all; vorare, to 
devour]. Subsisting on all kinds of food. 

omnopon (om'-no-pon). Same as pantopon, q. v. 



OMO- 



626 



ONOMATOMANIA 



omo- (o-mo-) [ufios, shoulder]. A prefix denoting 
connection with or relation to the scapula or shoulder. 

omocace (o-mok'-as-e) [onto-; /ca/c6s, evil]. Disease 
of the shoulder. 

omoclavicular (o-mo-kla-vik'-u-lar) [omo-; clavicula, 
clavicle]. Pertaining to the shoulder and the 
clavicle. 

omocotyle {p-mo-kof -il-e) [onto-; KorvXr), cup]. 
The glenoid cavity; also, the shoulder-joint. 

omodynia (o-mo-din'-e-ah) [omo-; bbvv-q, pain]. 
Pain in the shoulder. 

omohyoid {o-mo-hi'-oid) [omo- ; hyoid]. _ Pertaining 
conjointly to the scapula and the hyoid bone. o. 
muscle. See under muscle. 

omophagia (o-mo-fa'-je-ah) [o}p.6s, raw; <payeiv, to 
eat]. The practice of eating raw food. 

omoplate {o' -mo-plat) [omo-; irXarri, a plate]. See 
scapula. 

omositia (o-mo-sit'-e-ah) [up.6s, raw; aireecv, to 
feed]. The eating of raw flesh. 

omosternal (o-mo-ster'-nal) [omo-; sternum]. Per- 
taining to the shoulder and the sternum. 

omosternum (o-mo-sler'-num) [omo-; sternum: 
pi., omosterna]. In biology, a superior median ossi- 
fication in the pectoral arch of a batrachian; the 
homologue of the interclavicle. The interarticular 
cartilage of the sternoclavicular joint. 

omphalectomy (om-fal-ek'-to-me) [omphalos-; i/crow, 
excision]. Excision of the navel. 

omphalelcosis (om-fal-el-ko'-sis) [omphalos; eX/cwo-is, 
ulceration]. Ulceration of the navel. 

omphalexoche {om-fal-eks'-o-ke) [omphalos; Qoxv, 
prominence]. Synonym of exomphalos. 

omphalic (om-fal'-ik) [omphalos]. Pertaining to 
the umbilicus, o. duct, the vitelline duct: the duct 
connecting the umbilical vesicle with the fetal in- 
testine during the first three months of intrauterine 
life. 

omphalitis (om-fal-i'-tis) [omphalos ; ins, inflamma- 
tion]. Inflammation of the navel. 

omphalo- (om-fal-o-) [omphalos]. A prefix de- 
noting relation to the navel. 

omphalocele (om-fal'-o-sel) [omphalo-; /07X17, hernia]. 
Umbilical hernia. 

omphalocraniodidymus (om-fal-o-kra-ne-o-did'- 

im-us) [omphalos; upavlov, skull; diSvp.os, twin]. A 
form of double monstrosity in which the parasite is 
attached to the cranium of the autosite. 

omphalodes (pm-fal-o'-dez) [omphalos; elSos, like]. 
Resembling the navel. 

omphaloenteric (om'-fal-o-en-ter'-ik) [omphalos; 
ivTtpov, intestine]. Pertaining to the navel and the 
intestine. 

omphaloid (om'-fal-oid) [omphalos; el5os, form]. 
Resembling the navel. 

omphalolysis (om-fal-oV -is-is) [omphalos; Xuo-is, 
loosening]. The dividing of the umbilical cord. 

omphalomesaraic, omphalomesenteric (om-fal-o- 
mez-ar-a'-ik, om-fal-o-mez-en-ter'-ik) [omphalo-; mes- 
entery]. Pertaining conjointly to the umbilicus and 
the' mesentery, o. arteries. See under artery. 
o. duct, a duct connecting the intestinal canal of the 
embryo with the umbilical vesicle. 

omphalomonodidymi (om'-fal-o-mon-o-did'-im-i) 
[omphalos; /i6w, one; Sidvpos, twin]. A form of 
twin monstrosity in which the fetuses are joined at 
the umbilicus. 

omphaloncus (om-fal-ong'-kus) [omphalo-; 67x0$, 
tumor]. A tumor or swelling at the navel. 

omphalopagus (om-fal-op'-ag-us) [omphalo-; 7077- 
vwai, to make fast]. A double monster united at the 
umbilicus. 

omphalophlebitis (om-fal-o-fleb-i'-tis) [omphalo- ; 
phlebitis]. Inflammation of the umbilical vein. 

omphalophyma (om-fal-o-fi'-mah). Synonym of 
omphaloncus. 

omphaloproptosis (om-fal-o-prop-to'-sis) [omphalos ; 
irpoiTTwais, a falling forward]. Abnormal protrusion 
of the navel. 

omphalorrhagia (om-fal-or-a'-je-ah) [omphalo-; fay- 
vwai, to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from the um- 
bilicus. 

omphalorrhea, omphalorrhcea (om-fal-or-e'-ah) 
[omphalo-; pola, a flow]. An effusion of lymph at 
the navel. 

omphalorrhexis {om-fal-or-eks'-is) [omphalos; pvte, 
rupture]. Rupture of the navel, or of the navel- 
string. 

omphalos (om'-fal-os) [6p<f>a\bs, the navel]. The 
umbilicus. 



omphalosite (om-fal'-o-slt) [omphalo-; o-Itos, nour- 
ishment]. A single monster, which, lacking the heart, 
receives its blood-supply through the umbilical 
vessels, and is, therefore, incapable of extrauterine 
existence. 

omphalosoter (om-fal-o-so'-ter) [omphalos; o-wttip, 
preserver]. An instrument for replacing a prolapsed 
funis. 

omphalotaxis (om-fa-o-taks'-is) [omphalos; raaaeiv, 
to arrange]. Reposition of the prolapsed funis. 

omphalotome (om-fal'-o-tom) [omphalos; tom, a 
cutting]. An instrument for dividing the umbilical 
cord. 

omphalotomy (om-fal-ot'-o-me) [omphalo-; ropA\, a 
cutting]. The cutting of the umbilical cord. 

omphalotripsy (om-fal-o-trip'-se) [omphalo-; rpiPeiv, 
to rub]. Separation of the umbilical cord by a 
crushing instrument. 

omphalus {om'-fal-us) [6p<pa\6s, navel]. See om- 
phalos. 

onanism (o'-nan-izm) [Onan, the son of Judah]. 
1. Incomplete coitus. 2. Masturbation. 

onanist (o'-nan-ist). One who practises onanism. 

Onchocerca (ong-ko-ser'-kah) . A genus of filaria. 

onchocerciasis (ong-ko-ser-si'-as-is) . The condition 
resulting from infection with Onchocerca. 

oncograph (ong'-ko-graf) [67/cos, a mass; ypa<petv, 
to record]. An instrument registering the changes 
of volume of an organ placed in an oncometer. 

oncography (ong-kog'-raf-e) [07/cos, a swelling; 
ypcupeiv, to write]. The recording of the measure- 
ment of tumors by an oncometer. 

oncology (ong-kol'-o-je) [5yicos, a mass; X670S, 
science]. The branch of surgery and pathology re- 
lating to tumors. 

oncoma (ong-ko'-mah) [07/cco/ia, a swelling], A 
tumor, swelling. 

oncometer (ong-kom'-et-er) [67/cos, a mass; ixkrpov, 
a measure]. An instrument for measuring variations 
in the volume of an organ, especially Of the kidney 
or spleen. 

oncometry (ong-kom'-et-re). The measurement of 
the size of a viscus. 

oncosis (ong-ko'-sis) [07/cos, a mass]. The diseased 
state marked by the growth of tumors. 

oncosphere, oncosphaera (ong'-ko-sfer, ong-ko-sfe'- 
rah) [67/cos, tumor; o-<palpa, sphere]. The embryo of 
tapeworms. 

oncothlipsis (ong-ko-thlip'-sis) [07/cos, tumor; 0\lxj/is, 
pressure]. Pressure caused by a tumor. 

oncotomy (ong-kot'-o-me) [07/cos, a mass; ropA\, a 
cutting]. The operation of incising a tumor or other 
swelling. 

oneiric, oniric (o-ni'-rik) [oveipos, a dream]. Re- 
lating to dreams; attended by visions. 

oneirism (o-ni'-rizm) [see oneiric]. A condition of 
cerebral automatism analogous to the dream state, 
as a dream prolonged to the waking period. 

oneirodynia (o-ni-ro-din'-e-ah) [oveipos, a dream; 
bSvv-n, pain]. Disquietude of the mind during sleep; 
painful dreaming; nightmare, o. activa, somnam- 
bulism. 

oneirogmus (on-i-rog'-mus) [oveipwypos, an effusion 
during sleep]. Emission of semen during sleep. 

oneirology (on-i-rol'-o-je) [oveioos, dream; X670S, 
science]. The science or scientific view of dreams. 

oneironosus (on-i-ron'-o-sus) [oveipos, dream; j>6o-os, 
disease]. Disorder manifesting itself in dreams; 
morbid dreaming. 

oniomania (o-ne-o-ma'-ne-ah) [wi'ios, to be bought; 
p.avla, madness]. A mania for buying everything. 

onion (un'-yun) [L., unio, an onion]. The Allium 
cepa and its bulb. The latter contains a volatile oil 
resembling oil of garlic, and consisting principally of 
C6H12S. The onion is diuretic, expectorant, and 
rubefacient, and is at times used in dropsy, bron- 
chitis, etc.; locally it has been applied as an emollient 
poultice, o. bodies, epithelial pearls; see under pearl. 

onkinocele (ong-kin'-o-sel) [67/cos, a mass; is, a 
fiber; /ci^Xjj, tumor]. Inflammation of the tendon- 
sheaths attended by swelling. 

onobaio {on-o-ba'-yo) [Nat. Obock]. An arrow- 
poison used by the natives of Obock. 

onomatology (on-o-mat-ol'-o-je) [5popa, name; 
X670S, science]. The science of nomenclature; the 
formation of names. 

onomatomania (on-o-mat-o-ma'-ne-ah) [wo/jo, name; 
p.avia, mania]. Functional derangement of speech, 
of which five varieties are described: 1. A powerful 
effort to recall some word. 2. An irresistible im- 



ONOMATOPOIESIS 



627 



OOPHOROMANIA 



pulse continually to repeat a word, by which the 
patient seems perplexed. 3. The patient attaches 
some peculiar and dreadful meaning to a common- 
place word. 4. The patient attaches talismanic 
significance to certain words, which he repeats as a 
safeguard. 5. The patient is impelled to spit out 
some word, like a disgusting morsel. 

onomatopoiesis (on-o-mat-o-poi-e'-sis) [bvopa, name; 
iroikeiv, to make]. The extemporaneous formation 
of words by the insane. Words so formed are 
generally meaningless, or incorrect, but are some- 
times quite the reverse. 

ononid (o-no'-nid), C18H22O8. A neutral principle 
contained in the root of Ononis spinosa. 

ononin (o-no'-nin), C30H34O13. A glucoside isolated 
rom the root of Ononis spinosa. 

Ononis (o-no'-nis) [5ws, an ass]. A genus of 
leguminous plants. The diuretic root of 0. spinosa, 
rest-harrow, a shrub of Europe, is used in dropsy 
and gout. 

ontogenesis, ontogeny {on-to-jen'-es-is, on-toj'- 
en-e) [&v\ ovtos, existing; yewav, to beget]. The 
development of the individual organism. See also 
phylogenesis. 

ontogenetic {on-to-jen-et'-ik) [wv, ovtos, existing; 
ykvto-is, birth]. Pertaining to ontogenesis. See also 
evolution. 

onychatrophia, onychatrophy (on-ik-at-ro'-fe-ah, 
on-ik-at' -ro-fe) [onyx; atrophy]. Atrophy of the 
nails. 

onychauxis (on-ik-awks'-is) [onyx; av£eu>, increase]. 
Hypertrophy of the nail. 

onychexallaxis (on-ik-eks-al-aks 1 '-is) [6vv%, nail; 
e$aXXa£«, a degeneration]. Degeneration of the 
nails. 

onychia (on-ik'-e-ah) [onyx]. Inflammation of 
the matrix of the nail. 0. maligna, a form occurring 
in debilitated persons, and characterized by an 
unhealthy ulcer in the matrix of the nail, the latter 
becoming discolored and thrown off. o. simplex, 
onychia without much ulceration, with loss of the 
nail and its replacement by a new one. 

onychitis (on-ik-i'-tis). See onychia. 

onycho- (on-ik-o-) [onyx]. A prefix meaning 
relating to the nails. 

onychoclasis (on-ik-ok' -las-is) [onycho-; *cXd<ris, 
a breaking]. Breaking of the nail. 

onychocryptosis (on-ik-o-krip-to'-sis) [onycho- ; Kpvir- 
t6s, hidden]. Ingrowing of the nail. 

onychogram (on'-ik-o-gram) [onycho-; yp6xpeu>, to 
write]. The record of the variations in blood-pressure 
by an onychograph. 

onychograph (on-ik'-o-graf) [onycho-; ypafaiv, to 
write]. An instrument for recording variations in 
blood-pressure in the capillaries of the tips of the 
fingers. 

onychogryphosis (on-ik-o-gri-fo'-sis). See onycho- 
gryposis. 

onychogryposis (on-ik-o-gri-po'-sis) [onycho-; ypv- 
7rwo-is, curvature]. A thickened, ridged, and curved 
condition of the nail. 

onychohelcosis (on-ik-o-hel-ko'-sis) [onycho-; IXkw- 
o-fs, ulceration]. Ulceration of the nail. 

onychoid (on'-ik-oid) [5w£, nail; elSos, like]. Re- 
sembling a nail. Having a texture like that of the 
nails. 

onycholysis (on-ik-ol'-is-is) [onycho-; Xwr«, a 
loosening]. Loosening of the nail. 

onychoma {on-ik-o'-mah) [onycho-; opa, tumor]. 
A tumor of the nail-bed. 

onychomalacia (on-ik-o-mal-a'-se-ah) [onycho-; pa\- 
axia, softness]. Abnormal softness of the nails. 

onychomycosis (on-ik-o-mi-ko'-sis) [onycho-; my- 
cosis]. A disease of the nails due to parasitic fungi, 
as the trichophyton, achorion, etc. 

onychonosus (on-ik-on'-o-sus) [onycho-; vbaos, 
disease]. Any disease of the finger-nails or toe-nails. 

onychopathic (on-ik-o-path'-ik) [onycho-; irofios, 
disease]. Pertaining to disease of the nails. 

onychophagist (on-ik-off'-aj-ist) [onycho-; (payelv, 
to eat]. One addicted to biting the finger-nails. 

onychophagy (on-ik-of'-aj-e) [onycho-; <payelv, to 
eat]. The practice of biting the nails. 

onychophosis (on-ik-o-fo' -sis) [onycho-; ixprj, a 
web]. A disease of the toe-nails, consisting in an 
accumulation of thickened horny layers of epidermis 
under the nail, raising it from its bed and sometimes 
altering its growth. 

onychophyma (on-ik-o-fi'-mah) [onycho-; <pvpa, a 
growth]. Morbid degeneration of the nails. 



onychoptosis (on-ik-op-to'-sis) [onycho-; ittwo-is, 
a falling]. The falling off of the nails. 

onychorrhexis (on-ik-or-eks'-is) [onycho-; pi)£is, 
rupture]. The splitting of the nails. 

onychorrhiza (on-ik-or-i'-zah) [onycho-; pifa, a 
root]. The root of the nail. 

onychosarcoma (on-ik-o-sar-ko'-mah) [onycho-; ob.p%, 
flesh; bpa, tumor]. A fleshy outgrowth from a nail. 

onychosis (on-ik-o'-sis) [onyx]. Any disease of 
the nails. 

onychostroma (on-ik-os-tro'-mah) [onycho-; o-rp-bpa, 
mattress]. The matrix, or sensitive tissue of the 
finger, forming the bed of the nail. 

onychyphosis (on-ik-if-o'-sis). See onychophosis. 

onym (on'-im) [bvopa, a name]. The technical 
name of an organ or of a species or other group. 

onyx (on'-iks) [6w£, nail]. 1. A nail of the fingers 
or toes. 2. A collection of pus between the corneal 
lamellae at the most dependent part. 

onyxis (on-iks'-is) [5w£, nail]. An abnormal 
incurvation or ingrowing of the nails. 

onyxitis (on-iks-i'-tis). Onychia. 

ooblast (o'-o-blast) [ubv, egg; /3X<x<rr6s, a germ]. 
A cell of the germinal epithelium giving rise to an 
ovum. 

oocyesis (o-o-si-e'-sis) [wbv, egg; kutjo-is, pregnancy]. 
Ovarian pregnancy; oariocyesis. 

oocyst {o'-o-sist) [ubv, egg; kvo-tls, bladder]. 1. The 
encysted fertilized cell in sporozoa. 2. The envelope 
which surrounds the cell. 

oocytase (o-o-si-tas') . A cytase which acts on the 
cells of the ovary. 

oocyte (o'-o-slt) [wbv, egg; kvtos, a cell]. The 
ovarian egg-cell before the formation of the polar 
bodies. Syn., ovocyte, 

oodeocele (o-od'-e-o-sel) [u>6v, egg; elSos, like; kij\ti, 
hernia]. Obturator hernia. 

oodocresol (o-od-o-kre'-sol). See traumatol. 

oogamous (o-og'-am-us) [uibv, an egg; yapos, mar- 
riage]. In biology, exhibiting or reproduced by the 
conjugation of dissimilar gametes. 

oogamy (o-og'-am-e) [u>6v, an egg; yapos, marriage]. 
In biology, the conjugation of two dissimilar gametes, 
as distinguished from isogamy. 

oogenesis (o-o-jen'-es-is) [ubv, egg; ykveo-is, birth]. 
The process of the development of the ovum. • 

oogenetic (o-o-jen-et'-ik) [wbv, egg; yewav, to beget]. 
Relating to oogenesis. 

oogonium (o-o-go'-ne-um) [aibv, an egg; yovrj, gen- 
eration: pi., oogonia]. 1. In biology, the female 
sexual organ in the Oosporece before fertilization. 
2. The primordial mother-cell which gives rise to 
the ovarian egg and its follicle. 3. The descendants 
of the primordial germ-cell from which ultimately 
arise the oocytes (Boveri); also written ovogonium. 

ookinesis (o-o-kin-e'-sis) [u>6v, egg; kIvtjo-is, move- 
ment]. The changes occurring in the egg during 
maturation, fertilization and segmentation. 

ookinete (o'-o-kin-et) [ubv, egg; kivtio-ls, movement]. 
The vermiform, motile, body into which the zygote 
develops. See oocyst. 

oolemma (o-o-lem'-ah) [oiou, an egg; \eppa, peel, 
skin]. In biology, the vitelline membrane of an egg. 

oophoralgia (o-of-or-al'-je-ah) [oophoron; aXyos, 
pain]. Pain in the ovaries. 

oophorauxe (o-off-or-awks'-e) [ccbv, egg; <pipeiv, to 
bear; av^rj, growth]. Hypertrophy of the ovary. 

oophorectomy (o-o-for-ek'-to-me) [oophoron; enropij, 
excision]. Excision of the ovary. 

oophorin (o-off'-or-in). Trade name of an 
organotherapeutic preparation made from the ovaries 
of cows and hogs. 

oophoritis (o-of-or-i'-tis) [oophoron; ins, inflamma- 
tion]. Inflammation of the ovary. 

oophoro- (o-of-or-o-) [oophoron]. A prefix meaning 
relating to the ovary. 

oophorocystosis (o-of-or-o-sist-o'-sis) [oophoro-; kvo~- 
tis, a cyst]. The formation of ovarian cysts. 

oophoroepilepsy (o'-off-or-o-ep'-il-ep-se). Epilepti- 
form disease due to an ovarian lesion. 

oophorohysterectomy (o-of-or-o-his-ter-ek'-to-me) 
[oophoro-; hysterectomy]. Removal of the uterus and 
ovaries. 

oophoroma (o-off-or-o'-mah) [oophoro-; opa, a 
tumor: pi., oophoromata]. A dermoid cyst of the 
ovary, characterized by metastasis. 

oophoromalacia (o-off-or-o-mal-a'-se-ah) [oophoro-; 
pahaKia, softness]. Softening of the ovary. 

oophoromania (o-of-or-o-ma'-ne-ah) [oophoro- ; pavla, 
madness]. Insanity due to ovarian disorder. 



OOPHOROMYELOMA 



628 



OPHTHALMIA 



oophoromyeloma (o-off-or-o-mi-el-o'-mah) [oophoro- ; 
fjivekos, marrow; 6p.a, tumor]. An ovarian, encepha- 
loma. 

oophoron (o-off'-o-ron) [u>6v, egg; <j>kpeiv, to bear]. 
The ovary. 

oophoropathia (o-off-or-o-pa'-the-ah) [oophoro- ; 
irados, disease]. Any disease of the ovary. 

oophorosalpingectomy (o-off-or-o-sal-pin-jek '-to-me) 
[oophoro-; salpingectomy]. Excision of an ovary and 
oviduct. 

oophorosalpingitis (o-off-or-o-sal-pin-ji'-tis) [ooph- 
oro-; salpingitis], Inflamation of an ovary and 
Fallopian tube. 

oophorosalpingotomy (o-ofi-or-o-sal-pin-got'-o-me) 
[oophoro-; salpingotomy]. Surgical removal of the 
ovary and oviduct. 

oophorostomy (o-o-for-os'-to-me) [oophoro-; <jrbp.a, 
mouth]. The establishment of an opening into an 
ovarian cyst for drainage. 

oophorrhaphy {o-of-or'-a-fe) [oophoro-; pa<jyq, su- 
ture]. The operation of suturing an ovary to the 
pelvic wall. 

oophyte (o'-o-fit) [yov, an egg; <j>vr6v, a plant]. 
Same as oophore. 

ooplasma (o-o-plaz'-mah) [cow, egg; irXaaaeiv, to 
mold]. The vitellus. 

ooplasty {o'-o-plas-te) [uov, egg; irXaaaetv, to 
form]. The process of fecundation. 

ooscope (o'-o-skop) [ww, egg; ano-relv, to view]. 
An apparatus for observing the developmental 
changes in a fertilized egg. 

oosperm (o'-o-sperm) [uov, egg; airkpp.a, seed]. 
The cell formed by union of the ovum and the 
spermatozoon. 

oosphere (o'-o-sfer) [u>6i>, an egg; afalpa, a sphere]. 
In biology, the unfertilized germ-cell in the oogonium; 
the female reproductive cell. 

Oospora (o-os'-po-rah) [ubv, egg; airbpos, seed]. 
A genus of fungi. O. bovis, a name proposed for 
the fungus of actinomycosis. O. guiguardi, a fungus 
that causes the deposition of carbonate of lime in 
the connective tissue of the walls of cystic tumors 
and skeletal nodosities. 

oospore (o'-o-spor) [a>bv, an egg; airbpos, seed]. 
In biology, a fertilized and matured oosphere. 

ootheca (o-o-the'-kah) [u>bv, an egg; 017*77, a case: 
pi., ootheca]. An ovary. 

oothectomy (o-o-thek'-to-me) [aibv, egg; 017*07, a case; 
«kto/ut7, excision]. The surgical removal of an ovary. 

opa (o'-pah). Trade name of a liquid dentifrice 
containing salol, eugenol, pinol and other sub- 
stances. 

opacification (o-pas-if-i-ka'-shun) [opacity], 1. The 
process of becoming opaque. 2. The formation of 
an opacity. 

opacity (o-pas'-it-e) [opacus, dull]. 1. The con- 
dition of being impervious to light. 2. An opaque 
spot, as opacity of the cornea or lens. 

opaline (o'-pal-en) [biraWLos, an opal]. Having 
the appearance of an opal. o. patch, the mucous 
patch of syphilis, forming, in the mouth, a whitish 
pellicle. 

opalisin {o-paV -is-in) . A protein found in con- 
siderable quantity in human milk, less in mares' 
milk, and in very small quantity in cows' milk. 

opaque (o-pak') [opacus, shaded]. Dark, obscure, 
not transparent, impervious to light. 

opeidoscope (o-pi'-do-skop) [b\p, a voice; eZSos, 
likeness; ukckHv, to view]. An instrument for study- 
ing the vibrations of the voice. 

open [AS.]. Exposed to the air, as an open wound ; 
interrupted, as an open circuit, one that is interrupted 
so that the electric current cannot pass. 

opeocele (o'-pe-o-sel) [671-17, an opening; /07X77, a 
tumor]. Synonym of hernia. 

operable (op'-er-ab-l) [operari, to labor]. Admitting 
of an operation. 

operant {pp'-e-rant) [see operation]. 1. Effective; 
active. 2. An operator. 

operation (op-er-a'-shun) [operatio, from operari, 
to labor; to do]. 1. Anything done or performed, 
especially anything done with instruments; a surgical 
procedure. 2. The mode of action of anything. 
Operations named after persons are entered under 
the proper names, o., capital, one involving a risk 
of life, o., equilibrating, tenotomy on the direct 
antagonist of a paralyzed ocular muscle, o., high. 
1. Suprapubic lithotomy. 2. The application of 
the forceps to the fetal head at the superior strait. 
0., Indian, for rhinoplasty: a flap is taken from the 



forehead, with its pedicle at the root of the nose; 
hollow plugs are inserted into the nostrils, and the 
flap is secured, o., Italian, for rhinoplasty: the 
skin is taken from the arm over the biceps; the flap 
is cut on three sides, and after the skin has shrunk, 
it is fitted to the fresh margins of the defect, the arm 
being bandaged in position for at least eight days. 
o., major, an important and serious operation. 
o., minor, a comparatively trivial operation, o., 
radical, one removing the cause of the disease or the 
diseased part itself, o., surgical, one performed by 
the surgeon by means of the hands or instruments. 
o., Tagliacotian, o., Tagliacozzi's. See o., Italian. 

operative (op'-er-a-tiv). 1. Able to act; effective. 
2. Pertaining to operations. 

operator (op'-er-a-tor) [operari, to labor]. A 
surgeon. 

opercle (o-per'-kl) [operculum, a lid]. See opercu- 
lum. 

opercular (p-per'-ku-lar) [operculum]. Pertaining 
to an operculum. Designed for closing a cavity. 
Having an operculum. 

operculate (o-per'-ku-laf) [operculum]. Possessing 
an operculum. 

operculum (o-per'-ku-lum) [L.: pi., opercula]. 1. A 
lid or cover, as operculum ilei, the ileocecal valve. 
2. The convolutions covering the island of Reil. 

oph. An abbreviation sometimes employed for 
ophthalmia, ophthalmoscope, and ophthalmoscopy. 

ophelic acid (o-fel'-ik), C13H20O10. An amorphous 
sticky substance found in Chiretta. It is soluble in 
water, in ether, and in alcohol. 

ophiasis (pff-i'-as-is) [5<j>is, a serpent]. Alopecia 
areata in which the baldness progresses in a 
serpentine form. 

ophiosis (off-e-o'-sis) [6<j>is, serpent]. Circum- 
scribed baldness with scaliness. 

ophioxylin (off-e-oks'-il-in) [&£(.$, a serpent; £v\oi>, 
wood], C16H13O6. A yellow crystalline body obtained 
from Ophioxylon serpentinum, a purgative and an- 
thelmintic; its solutions stain first yellow, then brown. 

ophryitis {off-re-i'-tis) [6c6pus, brow; ins, inflamma- 
tion]. Inflammation of the eyebrow. 

ophryoalveoloauricular (of-re-o-al-ve-o-lo-aw-rik'-u- 
lar). Applied to an angle formed by the ophryon, 
alveolar point, and auricular point. 

ophryocystis (off-re-o-sis'-tis) [6<j>p{>s, eyebrow; 
mens, bladder]. A parasitic sporozoon. 

ophryoiniac (off-re-o-in'-e-ak) [6</>pi>s, eyebrow; 
iviov, occiput]. Pertaining to the ophryon and the 
inion. 

ophryon {of'-re-on) [b<ppvs, eyebrow]. In crani- 
ometry, the middle of a line drawn across the fore- 
head at the level of the upper margin of the orbits. 

ophryosis (of-re-o'-sis) [b<f>pvs, eyebrow]. Spasm 
of the eyebrow. 

ophryphtheiriasis (off-rif-thi-ri' -as-is) [6c6pus, eye- 
brow; 4>6eipLa<ris, pediculosis]. Pediculosis of the eye- 
brows and eyelashes. 

ophrys {off '-r is) [6c5pus, eyebrow]. The eyebrow. 

ophrytic (off-rit'-ik) [fxppbs, eyebrow]. Pertaining 
to the eyebrow. 

ophthalmagra (off-thal-ma'-grah) [ophthalmus; ay pa, 
a seizure]. Gouty or rheumatic pain in the eye. 

ophthalmalgia (off-thal-mal'-je-ah) [ophthalmus; 
aXyos, pain]. Neuralgia of the eye. 

ophthalmatrophy (of -thai-mat' -ro-fe) [ophthalmus; 
atrophy]. Atrophy of the eyeball. 

ophthalmecchymosis (off-thal-mek-im-o'-sis) [oph- 
thalmus; ecchymosis]. A conjunctival effusion of 
blood. 

ophthalmectomy (of-thal-mek'-to-me) [ophthalmus; 
iKTonn, excision]. Excision of the eye. 

ophthalmemicrania (of-thal-mem-ik-ra'-ne-ah) . 

See amaurosis, epileptiform. 

ophthalmia (of-thal'-me-ah) [ophthalmus]. Inflam- 
mation of the eye, especially one in which the con- 
junctiva is involved, o., catarrhal, simple con- 
junctivitis; a hyperemia of the conjunctiva with a 
mucopurulent secretion, o., caterpillar-, inflamma- 
tion of the conjunctiva or of the cornea, the result 
of penetration of the tissues by the hairs of cater- 
pillars. Syn., ophthalmia nodosa, o., Egyptian. 
See trachoma, o., electric, conjunctivitis due to 
intense electric light, o., gonorrheal, an acute and 
severe form of purulent conjunctivitis, caused by 
infection from urethral discharges containing the 
gonococcus of Neisser. o., granular. See trachoma. 
o., jequirity, that due to poisoning by jequirity. 
o. neonatorum, a gonorrheal or purulent ophthalmia 



OPHTHALMIATER 



629 



OPHTHALMOS 



of the newborn, the eyes having been infected by 
the mother's vaginal discharges, o., neuroparalytic, 
disease of the eye from lesion of the Gasserian ganglion 
or of branches of the fifth nerve supplying the eyeball. 
o. nodosa. See o., caterpillar-, o., phylctenular, 
conjunctivitis characterized by phlyctenules or small 
vesicles situated in the epithelial layer of the con- 
junctiva or cornea, o., purulent, conjunctivitis 
with a purulent discharge, o., spring, a form 
common in the spring, o., sympathetic, a severe 
destructive inflammation, a form of iridocyclitis 
secondary to injury or disease of the fellow eye. 
o., varicose, that associated with a varicose state of 
the veins of the conjunctiva. 

ophthalmiater (off-thal-me-a'-ter) [ophthalmus; lar- 
pos, a physician]. An oculist or ophthalmologist. 

ophthalmiatric (off-thal-me-at'-rik) [ophthalmus; 
larpeia, treatment]. Pertaining to the treatment of 
eye-diseases. 

ophthalmiatrics (off-thal-me-at'-riks). The treat- 
ment of eye-diseases. 

ophthalmic (off -thai' -mik) . Pertaining to the eye. 
o. artery. See under artery, o. ganglion. See 
ganglion, ophthalmic, o. nerve. See under nerve. 

ophthalmitic (off-thal-mit'-ik) [ophthalmus; ins, 
inflammation]. Pertaining to ophthalmitis. 

ophthalmitis (off-thal-mi'-tis) [ophthalmus; ins, 
inflammation]. Inflammation of the eye. o., sym- 
pathetic, that following inflammation or injury of 
the fellow-eye. 

ophthalmo- (off-thal-mo-) [6<f>0a\p6s, eye]. A prefix 
denoting relation to the eye. 

ophthalmoblennorrhea, ophthalmoblennorrhoea, 
(off-thal-mo-blen-or-e'-ah) [ophthalmo-; blennorrhea]. 
Blennorrhea of the conjunctiva. 

ophthalmocace (off-thal-mok'-as-e) [ophthalmo-; 
kokos, evil]. Disease of the eye. 

ophthalmocarcinoma (off-thai' -mo-kar-sin-o'-mah) 
[ophthalmo-; carcinoma]. Carcinoma of the eye. 

ophthalmocele (off-thai' -mo-sel) . See exophthalmos. 

ophthalmocentesis (off-thai' -mo-sen-te' -sis) [oph- 
thalmo-; KevTT)<rt.s, puncture]. Surgical puncture of 
the eye. 

ophthalmocopia (off-thal-mo-ko'-pe-ah) [ophthalmo-; 
novo*, fatigue]. Fatigue of visual power; asthen- 
opia. 

ophthalmodesmitis (off-thal'-mo-dez-mi'-tis). Syn- 
onym of conjunctivitis. 

ophthalmodiagnosis (off-thal-mo-di-ag-no'-sis). Di- 
agnosis by means of the ophthalmoreaction. 

ophthalmodiaphanoscope (off-thal-mo-di-af-an'-o- 
skop) [ophthalmo-; diaphanoscope]. An instrument 
for examining the fundus of the eye by transillumina- 
tion through the mouth. 

ophthalmodiastimeter (off -thal-mo-di-as-tim' -et-er) 
[ophthalmo-; Sictarrjpa, interval; pkrpov, measure]. 
An instrument for use in discovering the proper 
adjustment of lenses to the axes of the eyes. 

ophthalmodonesis (off-thal-mo-don-e'-sis) [ophthal- 
mo-; Sowiau, a trembling]. A voluntary tremulous 
or oscillatory movement of the eye. 

ophthalmodynamometer (off-thal-mo-di-nam-om'- 
et-er) [ophthalmo-; Swapis, power; pkrpov, measure]. 
An instrument for measuring the power of con- 
vergence of the eyes. 

ophthalmodynia (off-thal-mo-din'-e-ah) [ophthalmo- ; 
ddvvr), pain]. Neuralgic pain in the eye. 

ophthalmography (off-thal-mog'-ra-fe) [ophthalmo-; 
ypa<j>eii>, to write]. Descriptive anatomy of the eye. 

ophthalmokopia (off-thal-mo-kop'-e-ah). See oph- 
thalmocopia. 

ophthalmoleukoscope (off-thal-mo-lu' -ko-skop) 

[ophthalmo-; \evKos, white; aicoireiv, to view]. An 
instrument for testing color-sense by means of 
polarized light. 

ophthalmolith (off -thai' -mo-lith) [ophthalmo-; \Cdos, 
stone]. A calculus of the eye. 

ophthalmologist (off-thal-mol' -o-jist) [see ophthal- 
mology]. One versed in ophthalmology. 

ophthalmology (off-thal-mol' -o-je) [ophthalmo- ;\6yos, 
science]. The science of the anatomy, physiology, 
and diseases of the eye. 

ophthalmolyma (off-thal-mo-li'-mah) [ophthalmo- ; 
Xvpy, destruction]. Destruction of the eye. 

ophthalmomacrosis (off-thal-mo-mak-ro'-sis) [oph- 
thalmo-; paKpbs, large]. Enlargement of the eye. 

ophthalmomalacia (off-lhal-mo-mal-a'-se-ah) [oph- 
thalmo-; pakada, softness]. Abnormal softness or 
subnormal tension of the eye. 

ophthalmomelanoma (off-thal-mo-mel-an-o'-mah) 



[ophthalmo-; pk\as, black; 6pa, tumor]. A melanotic 
tumor, usually sarcoma, of the eye. 

ophthalmomelanosis (off-thal-mo-mel-an-o'-sis) 

[ophthalmo-; peKas, black; vbaos, disease]. The 
formation of an ophthalmomelanoma; also the 
growth itself. 

ophthalmometer (off -thai-mom' -et-er) [ophthalmo-; 
pkrpov, a measure], i. An instrument for measuring 
the capacity of the chambers of the eye. 2. An 
instrument for measuring refractive errors, especially 
astigmatism. 3. An instrument for measuring the 
eye as a whole. 

ophthalmometry (off -thai-mom' -et-re) [ophthalmom- 
eter]. The determination of refractive errors by 
means of the ophthalmometer. 

ophthalmomyitis (off-thal-mo-mi-i'-tis) [ophthalmo- ; 
myitis]. Inflammation of the ocular muscles. 

ophthalmomyositis (off-thal-mo-mi-o-si'-tis). See 
ophthalmomyitis. 

ophthalmomyotomy (off-thal-mo-mi-ot'-o-me) [oph- 
thalmo-; pvs, muscle; ropri, a cutting]. Division of 
the muscles of the eye. 

ophthalmoncus (off-thal-mong'-kus) [ophthalmo-; 
67/cos, tumor]. A tumor or swelling of the eye. 

ophthalmoneuritis (off-thal-mo-nu-ri'-tis) [ophthal- 
mo-; veupov, nerve; ww, inflammation]. Inflammation 
of the ophthalmic nerve. 

ophthalmonosology (off-thal-mo-no-sol'-o-je) [oph- 
thalmo-; vbaos, disease; \6yos, science]. The study 
of the diseases of the eye. 

ophthalmopathy (off-thai-mop' -ath-e) [ophthalmo- ; 
ttoSos, disease]. Any disease of the eye. o., external, 
an affection of the eyelids, cornea, conjunctiva, or 
muscles of the eye. o., internal, any disease affecting 
the deeper structures of the eye. 

ophthalmophacometer, ophthalmophakometer (off- 
thal-mo-fa-kom' -et-er) [ophthalmo-; phacometer]. An 
instrument for measuring the curvature radius of 
the crystalline lens. 

ophthalmophantom (off-thal-mo-fan'-tom) [ophthal- 
mo-; phantom]. A model or mask for practising 
operations on the eye. 

ophthalmophasmatoscopy (off-thal-mo-faz-mat-os'- 
ko-pe) [ophthalmo-; <t>avTa^eiv, to make to happen; 
aKoireZv, to view]. Ophthalmoscopic and spectro- 
scopic examination of the interior of an eye. 

ophthalmophlebotomy (off-thal-mo-fle-bot'-o-me) 
[ophthalmo-; 4>\bp, a vein; rkpveiv, to cut]. Blood- 
letting from a conjunctival vein. 

ophthalmophobia (off-thal-mo-fo'-be-ah) [ophthalmo; 
<f>6f}os, fear]. Morbid dislike of being stared at. 

ophthalmophthisis (off-thal-mo-ti'-sis). See phthisis 
bulbi. 

ophthalmophyma (off-thal-mo-fi'-mah) [ophthalmo-; 
<t>vpa', growth]. Swelling of the eyeball. 

ophthalmoplasty (off-thal-mo-plas'-tik). Pertaining 
to ophthalmoplasty. 

ophthalmoplasty (off-thai' -mo- plas-te) [ophthalmo-; 
■n-Xaaaeiv, to mold]. Plastic surgery of the eye or 
accessory parts. 

ophthalmoplegia (off-thal-mo-ple'-je-ah) [ophthalmo- ; 
■wKriyn, stroke]. Paralysis of the ocular muscles. 
0. externa, paralysis of the external ocular muscles. 
0. interna, paralysis of the internal muscles of the 
eye — those of the iris and ciliary body, o., nuclear, 
a form due to a lesion of the nuclei of origin of the 
motor nerves of the eyeball, o., partial, a form in 
which some of the muscles only are paralyzed, o., 
progressive, a form in which all the muscles of both 
eyes gradually become paralyzed, o., total, that 
form involving the iris and ciliary muscle as well as 
the external muscles of the eyeball. 

ophthalmoplegic (off-thal-mo-ple'-jik) [ophthalmo- 
plegia]. Pertaining to ophthalmoplegia. 

ophthalmoptosis (off-thal-mop-to'-sis) [ophthalmo- ; 
tttuxtls, a fall]. Protrusion of the eyeball; exophthal- 
mos. 

ophthalmo-reaction (off -thai' -mo-re-ak' -shun). A 
temporary inflammation of the conjunctiva due to 
the instillation of one drop of a one per cent, solution 
of tuberculin into the eye of a tuberculous subject. 

ophthalmorrhagia (off-thal-mor-a'-je-ah) [ophthal- 
mo-; p-qyvwai, to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from 
the eye. 

ophthalmorrhea, ophthalmorrhoea (off-thal-mor-e'- 
ah) [ophthalmo- ;pola, a flow]. A watery or sanguineous 
discharge from the eye. 

ophthalmorrhexis (off-thal-mor-eks'-is) [ophthalmo- ; 
pi?|is, rupture]. Rupture of the eyeball. 

ophthalmos (off-thai' -mos) [6<j>da\p6s,eye]. The eye. 



OPHTHALMOSCOPE 



630 



OPIUM 



ophthalmoscope (off-thal'-mo-skop) [ophthalmo- ; 
aKoirelv, to see]. An instrument for examining the 
interior of the eye. It consists essentially of a mirror 
with a hole in it, through which the observer looks, 
the concavity of the eye being illuminated by light 
reflected from the mirror into the eye and seen by 
means of the rays reflected from the eye-ground back 
through the hole in the mirror. The ophthalmoscope 
is fitted with lenses of different powers that may be 
revolved in front of the observing eye, and these 
neutralize the ametropia of either the patient's or 
the observer's eye, thus rendering the details of the 
fundus oculi clear. 

ophthalmoscopic (off-thal-mo-skop'-ik) [ophthalmo- 
scope]. Pertaining to the ophthalmoscope or its use. 

ophthalmoscopist (off-thal-mos' -ko-pist) [ophthal- 
mo-; aicoireZv, to view]. One versed in ophthalmos- 
copy. 

ophthalmoscopy (off-thal-mos'-ko-pe) [ophthalmo- 
scope]. The examination of the interior of the eye 
by means of the ophthalmoscope, o., direct, the 
method of the erect or upright image, the observer's 
eye and the ophthalmoscope being brought close to 
the eye of the patient, o., indirect, the method 
of the inverted image: the observer's eye is placed 
about 16 inches from that of the patient, and a 20 D. 
biconvex lens is held about two inches in front of 
the observed eye, thereby forming an aerial inverted 
image of the fundus, o., medical, ophthalmoscopy 
as an aid to internal medicine in the diagnosis of such 
diseases as manifest themselves in changes in the 
fundus of the eye. o., metric, that for purposes of 
measuring refraction. 

ophthalmpspasm (off -thai' -mo-spazm) [ophthalmo- ; 
awaanos, a spasm]. Ocular spasm. 

ophthalmospintherism (off-thal-mo-spin '-ther-izm) 
[ophthalmo-; ainvdijp, spark]. A condition of the eye 
in which luminous sparks are seen. 

ophthalmostasis (off-thal-mos' -tas-is) [ophthalmo- ; 
araais, a stopping]. Fixation of the eye during an 
operation upon it. 

ophthalmostat (off-thai' -mo-stat) [ophthalmo-; lara- 
vai, to cause to stand]. An instrument used in 
fixing the eye in any position during an operation 
on it. 

ophthalmostatometer (off-thal-mo-stat-om'-et-er) 
[ophthalmo-; ivravai, to cause to stand; ukrpov, a 
measure]. An instrument for determining the posi- 
tion of the eyes. 

ophthalmostatometry (off-thal-mo-stat-om'-et-re) 
[ophthalmostatometer]. The measurement of the 
position of the eyes. 

ophthalmosteresis (off-thal-mo-ster-e'-sis) [ophthal- 
mo-; ffreprjcns, deprival]. Loss, or absence of one or 
both eyes. 

ophthalmosynchysis (off-thal-mo-sin'-kis-is) [oph- 
thalmo-; avyxvais, a mixing together]. Effusion into 
the interior of the eye. 

ophthalmothermometer (off-thal-mo-thur-mom'-et- 
ur). A device for recording local temperature in eye 
diseases. 

ophthalmotomy (off-thai-mot' -o-me) [ophthalmo-; 
tout), a cutting]. The dissection, or incision of the 
eye. 

ophthalmotonometer (off-thal-mo-ton-om'-et-er) [oph- 
thalmo-; tonometer]. An instrument for measuring 
intraocular tension. 

ophthalmotonometry (off-thal-mo-ton-om'-et-re) 

[ophthalmotonometer]. Measurement of the intra- 
ocular tension. 

ophthalmotrope (off-thai' -mo-tr op) [ophthalmo-; rpo- 
7tos, a turn]. An instrument used for the demonstra- 
tion of the direction and the position that the eye 
takes under the influence of each of its muscles, and 
the position of the false image in the case of paralysis 
of a given muscle. 

ophthalmotropometer (off-thal-mo-trop-om'-et-er) 
[ophthalmotrope; p.krpov, measure]. An instrument 
for measuring the movement of the eyeballs. 

ophthalmotropometry (off-thal-mo-tro-pom'-et-re) 
[ophthalmotropometer]. The measurement of the 
movement of the eyeballs. 

ophthalmovascular (off-thal-mo-vas'-ku-lar). Per- 
taining to the blood vessels of the eye. o. choke, 
a condition in which pressure of the retinal vessels 
on each other interferes with the blood supply of the 
retina. 

ophthalmoxerosis (off-ihal-mo-ze-ro'-sis). See 
xerophthalmia. 

ophthalmoxysis (off-thal-moks-i'-sis) [ophthalmo-; 



£v<ns, a scraping]. Treatment by scraping or scari- 
fication of the conjunctiva. 

ophthalmoxyster (off-thal-moks-is'-ter). The same 
as ophthalmoxystrum. 

ophthalmoxy strum (off-thal-moks-is'-trum) [oph- 
thalmo- ; tixrrrjp, scraper]. An instrument for scraping 
or scarifying the conjunctiva. 

ophthalmozoa (off-thal-mo-zo'-ah) [ophthalmo- ; £$ov, 
animal]. Entozoa parasitic upon the eye or ' its 
appendages. 

ophthalmula (off -thai' -mu-lah) [6<pddKp.6s, eye; vXr/, 
matter]. A scar of the eye. 

ophthalmus (off -thai' -mus) [6<f>6a\n6s, eye]. The 
eye. 

-opia (-o'-pe-ah). See -ops. 

opianine (o-pe-an'-en) [opium], C66H72N3O2. An 
alkaloid of opium. 

opianyl (o'-pe-an-il) [opium; &X77, matter]. Syn- 
onym of meconin. 

opiate (o'-pe-at) [opium]. A preparation of opium. 

opiomania (o-pe-o-ma' -ne-ah) [opium; y.avla, mad- 
ness]. A morbid desire for opium. 

opiophagia (o-pe-off-a'-je-ah) . Synonym of opiopha- 
gism. 

opiophagism, opiophagy (o-pe-of'-aj-izm, o-pe-of- 
aj-e) [opium; <f>ayetv, to eat]. Opium-eating. 

opiophile (o'-pe-o-fil) [opium; <j>CKelv, to love]. A 
lover, or eater, of opium; an opium-smoker. 

opisthen (o-pis' '-then) [6-inaOev, behind]. In biology, 
the hind part of the body of an animal. 

opisthenar (o-pis' -the-nar) [opisthen; dkvap, the 
palm]. The back of the hand. Cf. thenar. 

opisthiobasial (o-pis-the-o-ba'-se-al). Relating to 
or uniting the opisthion and basion. 

opisthion (o-pis' -the-on). See under craniometric 
point. 

opisthionasial (o-pis-the-o-na' -ze-al) . Pertaining to 
the opisthion and nasion- 

opisthognathism (o-pis-thog' -nath-izm) [oirurdev, be- 
hind; yva&os, jaw]. Recession of the lower jaw. 

opisthoporia, opisthoporeia (o-pis-tho-po'-re-ah, o- 
pis-tho-po-ri'-ah) [oiriadev, behind; iropda, going]. 
Involuntary backward-walking in an attempt to go 
forward. 

opisthorchiasis (op-is-thor-ki'-as-is). Infection of 
the liver with flukes of the genus Opisthorchis. 

Opisthorchis (op-is-thor'-kis). A genus of tre- 
matodes or flukes. O. felineus, a parasite found in 
the liver and bile ducts of cats, dogs and man. 
O. noverca, the Indian liver-fluke, found in dogs and 
man. O. sinensis causes the liver-fluke disease of 
China and Japan which affects cats and dogs and 
man; called also Distoma sinense and Distoma 
japonicum. 

opisthotic (op-is-thot'-ik) [oirurdev, behind; oCj, ear]. 
Relating to posterior parts of the ear-apparatus. 

opisthotonic (o-pis-tho-ton'-ik). Pertaining to 
opisthotonos. 

opisthotonoid (o-pis-thot' -on-oid) [opisthotonos; 
eldos, like]. Resembling opisthotonos. 

opisthotonos (o-pis-thot' -on-os) [oirtaOev, behind; 
tovos, stretching]. A condition in which, from a 
tetanic spasm of the muscles of the back, the head 
and lower limbs are bent backward and the body 
arched forward. 

opium (o'-pe-um) [6-inov, poppy juice]. The 
inspissated juice obtained by incising the unripe 
capsules of Papaver somniferum, of the order Papa- 
veraceoe, occurring in commerce in the form of brown- 
ish cakes having a narcotic odor and a bitter taste. 
Opium contains a large number of alkaloids, of 
which morphine is the most important, since it 
represents the chief properties of the drug. Other 
alkaloids are narcotine, C22H23NO7, codeine, C18H21NO3, 
thebaine or paramorphine, C19H21NO3, papaverine, 
C20H21NO4, narceine, C23H29NO9, pseudomorphine, 
C34H36N2O6, and laudanine, C20H25NO4. These 
bases occur in opium combined with meconic and 
thebolactic acids. According to the U. S. P., moist 
opium should contain not less than 9 % of crystal- 
lized morphine. Opium acts as a narcotic, pro- 
ducing deep sleep, which, however, is often preceded 
by a stage of mental excitement and exhilaration; 
on awakening there may be headache, nausea, or 
vomiting. It slows the pulse and increases its 
force and raises blood-pressure; small doses do not 
depress the respiration, but large doses do so in a 
marked degree. It checks the motor activity of the 
stomach and intestine, and lessens all secretions 
except that of the skin; it produces contraction of the 



OPIUMISM 



631 



OPSONIC 



pupil. When taken in poisonous doses it causes 
unconquerable drowsiness, passing into deep sleep, 
with slow, full respiration, slow pulse, and con- 
tracted pupils; later cyanosis develops, the respira- 
tion becomes exceedingly slow, and the pulse rapid 
and feeble; death takes place from failure of the 
respiration. See poisons, table of. There is a 
chronic form of opium-poisoning produced by the 
habitual use of opium or morphine, and characterized 
by mental depression, a deterioration of the moral 
sense, and attacks of diarrhea. The drug is used 
for the relief of pain of all forms except that due to 
cerebral inflammation; in insomnia; in inflammation 
of serous membranes; in spasmodic conditions; 
in acute colds; for cough, retention of urine, vomiting, 
diarrhea, certain forms of dyspnea, particularly that 
from heart disease; and locally as an application to 
sprains and inflamed surfaces. Dose i gr. (0.065 
Gm.). o., confection of (confectio opii, B. P.). 
Dose 5-20 min. (0.32-1.3 Cc). o., deodorized (opium 
deodoratum, U. S. P.). Dose 1 gr. (0.065 Gm.). 
o., extract of (exlractum opii, U. S. P., B. P.). Dose 
|—i gr- (0.016-0.032 Gm.). o., extract of, liquid 
(extractum opii liquidum, B. P.). Dose 5-20 min. 
(0.32-1.3 Cc). o., granulated (opium granulatum, 
U. S. P.). Dose 1 gr. (0.065 Gm.). o., pills of 
(pilules opii, U. S. P.), pills containing 1 gr. (0.065 
Gm.) of opium; those of the B. P. (pilula saponis 
composita) contain each about 20 % of opium, o. 
plaster (emplastrum opii, U. S. P., B. P.), contains 
1 \ dr. (6 Gm.) of the drug, o., powder of, compound 
(pulvis opii compositus, B. P.), contains 10 % of 
opium, o., powder of ipecac and (pulvis ipecacuanha, 
et opii, U. S. P.), Dover's powder, contains 10 % 
each of ipecac and opium, o., powdered (opii pulvis, 
U. S. P.). Dose i-i gr. (0.016-0.065 Gm.). o., 
tincture of (tinctura opii, U. S. P., B. P.), laudanum. 
Dose 5-15 min. (0.32-1.0 Cc). o., tincture of, 
ammoniated (tinctura opii ammoniata, B. P.). Dose 
30 min.-i dr. (2-4 Cc). o., tincture of, camphorated 
(tinctura opii camphor ata, U. S. P. ; tinctura camphor cz 
composita, B. P.), paregoric. Dose 1-4 dr. (4-16 
Cc). o., tincture of, deodorized (tinctura opii deo- 
dorati, U. S. P.). Dose 5-15 min. (0.32-1.0 Cc). 
o., tincture of ipecac and (tinctura ipecacuanha et 
opii, U. S. P.). Dose 5-15 min. (0.32-1.0 Cc). 
o., troches of glycyrrhiza and (trochisci glycyrrhizm 
et opii, U. S. P., B. P.), each troche contains ^ gr. 
(0.005 Gm.) of opium, o., vinegar of (acetum opii, 
U. S. P.), black-drop. Dose 5-30 min. (0.32-2.0 Cc). 
o., wine of (vinum opii, U. S. P., B. P.), Sydenham's 
laudanum. Dose 5-15 min. (0.32-1.0 Cc). See also 
codeine and morphine. 

opiumism (o'-pe-um-izm) [opium]. The condition 
produced by the action of opium on the system. 

opo- [ottos, juice]. A prefix denoting a serum or 
an organic extract. 

opobalsam, opobalsamum (o-po-bawl'-sam, o-po- 
bawl-sam'-um) [birbs, juice; PaXcrafwv, balsam]. A 
resin from Balsamodendron opobalsamum and Bal- 
samodendron gileadense. . 

opocephalus (o-po-sef'-al-us) [«"A» eye; /ce^aXr), 
head]. A monster characterized by fusion of the 
ears, one orbit, and absence of mouth and nose. 

opocerebrin (o-po-ser' -e-brin) [birbs, juice; cerebrum]. 
A proprietary therapeutic preparation from the gray 
matter of brain; used in nervous diseases, anemia, 
etc. Dose 4-6 gr. (0.2-0.4 Gm.) twice daily. 

opodeldoc (op-o-del'-dok) [origin obscure]. Soap 
liniment; see under soap. 

opodidymus, opodymus (op-o-did'-im-us, op-od'- 
im-us) [on/', eye; SiSv^os, twin]. A monster with a 
single body and skull but with two distinct 
faces. 

opohepatoidin (o-po-hep-at-oid'-in) . A proprietary 
therapeutic preparation from the liver; it is used 
in icterus and epistaxis. Dose 8 gr. (0.5 Gm.) 3 
times daily. 

opohypophysin (o-po-hi-pof -is-in) . A proprietary 
preparation from the hypophysis. It is used in 
akromegaly. Dose f gr. (0.05 Gm.). 

opolienin (o-po-W -en-in) . A proprietary prepara- 
tion from the spleen. It is used in hypertrophy of 
the spleen, malarial cachexia, and leukemia. Dose 
20-30 gr. (1.3-2.0 Gm.) twice daily. 

opomammin (o-po-mam'-in). A proprietary prep- 
aration from the mammary gland; it is used in uterine 
diseases. Dose 24 gr. (1.5 Gm.) daily. 

opomedullin (o-po-med-ul'-in). A proprietary 
preparation from red bone-marrow; used in anemia, 



chlorosis, and neurasthenia. Dose 3-16 gr. (0.2- 
1.0 Gm.) daily. 

opoorchidin (o-po-or' -kid-in). A proprietary prep- 
aration from the testicles, used in spinal and other 
nervous diseases. 

opoossiin (o-po-os'-e-in). A proprietary prepara- 
tion from yellow bone-marrow; used in rhachitis and 
osteomalacia. 

opoovariin (o-po-ov-ar'-e-in). A proprietary prep- 
aration from the ovaries; used in chlorosis, hysteria, 
and in climacteric symptoms. 

opopancreatin (o-po-pan-kre'-at-in). A proprietary 
preparation from the pancreas; used in diabetes 
mellitus. 

opoprostatin (o-po-pros' -tat-in). A proprietary 
preparation from the prostate; it is used in hyper- 
trophy of the prostate. 

oporeniin (o-po-ren'-e-in). A proprietary prep- 
aration from the kidneys; used in uremia, chronic 
nephritis, and albuminuria. 

oposuprarenalin (o-po-su-prah-ren'-al-in). A pro- 
prietary preparation from the suprarenal capsule; 
used in diabetes insipidus, Addison's disease, and 
neurasthenia. 

opotherapy (op-o-ther'-ap-e) [biros, juice; therapy]. 
Synonym of organotherapy. 

opothymiin (o-po-thi' -mi-in) . A proprietary prep- 
aration from the thymus; used in Graves' disease, 
anemia, etc. 

opothyroidin (o-po-thi-roid'-in). A proprietary 
preparation from the thyroid gland; it is used in 
myxedema, cretinism, obesity, etc 

Oppenheim's gait (op'-en-him) [Hermann Oppen- 
heim, German neurologist, 1858- ]. A modi- 
fication of the spastic gait of disseminated sclerosis, 
consisting in large and irregular oscillations of the 
head, trunk, and extremities. O.'s reflex, an ab- 
normal cutaneous reflex; slight pressure on the skin 
overlying the inner border of the tibia from above 
downward is followed by extension of the great toe 
or all the toes. 

Oppenheimer's test for acetone (op'-en-hi-mer). 
Make a reagent by diluting 20 Cc. of concentrated 
sulphuric acid with a liter of water; to this add 50 
Gm. of yellow oxide of mercury and set aside for 24 
hours. To 3 Cc. of unfiltered urine add a few drops 
of the reagent. In the presence of albumin a pre- 
cipitate occurs at once; in its absence the precipitate 
is seen some time later. 

oppilation (op-il-a' -shun) [oppilatio, closure]. 1. 
Obstruction; closing the pores; causing constipation. 
2. A constipating agent or remedy. 

oppilative (op'-il-a-tiv) [oppilatio, closure]. 1. Ob- 
struction; closing the pores; causing constipation. 
2. A constipating agent or remedy. 

Oppolzer's sign. On palpation the seat of the 
apex-beat is found to change with the alteration of 
the patient's posture in cases of serofibrinous peri- 
carditis. 

opponens (op-o'-nenz) [ob, against; ponere, to 
place]. Opposing. A term applied to certain 
muscles that bring one part opposite another, as 
opponens minimi digiti, a muscle placing the little 
finger opposite the thumb. See muscles, table of. 

oppression (op-resh'-un) [oppressio; opprimere, 
to bear against]. Any sensation of pressure or 
weight upon any part, especially the chest. 

-ops, -opsia, -optic (-ops, -ops'-e-ah, -op'-tik) 
[a>\J/, eye]. Variant forms of a suffix denoting con- 
nection with or relation to the eye. 

opsialgia (op-se-al'-je-ah) [&\p, face; 0X70$, pain]. 
Neuralgia of the face. 

opsinogen, opsogen (op-sin 1 -o-jen) (op'-so-jen). 
A substance producing an opsonin. 

opsinogenous (op-sin-oj'-en-us). Capable of pro- 
ducing an opsonin. 

opsiometer (op-se-om'-et-er). See optometer. 

opsionosis (op-se-on'-o-sis) [S^is, sight; vbaos, 
disease]. A disease of the eye, or of vision. 

opsitocia (op-sit-o'-ke-ah) [64>k, late; tokos, birth]. 
Abnormally long pregnancy. 

opsogen (op'-so-jen). See opsinogen. 

opsomania (op-so-ma' -ne-ah) [b^ov, dainty food; 
navla, mania]. Insane desire for dainty or some 
special food. 

opsomaniac (op-so-ma' -ne-ak). One affected with 
opsomania. 

opsonic (op-son' -ik) . Pertaining to opsonins. 
o. index, the ratio of the number of bacteria ingested 
by the leukocytes of a healthy person compared with 



OPSONIN 



632 



ORCHIDOCATABASIS 



that ingested by the leukocytes of the patient; e. g., 
if the ratio of the healthy is 10 and that of the 
patient 15, then the index is i§. negative phase, 
the decrease in opsonic power that follows the 
injection, positive phase, the subsequent increase 
of opsonic power. 

opsonin (op'-so-nin) [64<u>vlov, provisions]. An 
element in normal serum and to a greater degree in 
the serum of a patient successfully inoculated with 
dead cultures of the bacteria responsible for the 
disease which are thereby made susceptible to phago- 
cytosis. 

opsonist (op'-son-ist). One versed in the technique 
of opsonotherapy. 

opsonometry (op-son-om'-et-re) [opsonin; fikrpov, 
measure]. The estimation of the opsonic index. 

opsonotherapy (op-son-o-ther'-ap-e). The treat- 
ment of disease by increasing the opsonic power of 
the blood. 

opsophagia (op-so-fa'-je-ah) [6\j/ov, dainty food; 
<t>ayeii>, to eat]. Morbid daintiness in respect of food. 

optic, optical (op'-tik, op'-tik-al) [oittlkos, from 
the base 6ir-, to see]. Pertaining to vision or to the 
science of optics, o. atrophy, atrophy of the optic 
nerve. 0. axis, the axis of the eye. o. capsule, the 
embryonic structure forming the sclera, o. center. 
1. The point in the main axis of the crystalline lens 
at which the rays of light meet. 2. The nerve- 
center concerned in the visual function, o. chiasm, 
o. commissure. See commissure, optic, o. cup, 
the concave area formed by the involution of the 
distal extremity of the primary optic vesicle, o. disc, 
the optic papilla, o. foramen. See foramen, optic. 
o. groove, the groove on the sphenoid bone for the 
optic chiasm, o. lobes, the corpora quadrigemina. 
o. nerve. See under nerve, o. neuritis. See papil- 
litis, o. papilla, the circular prominence formed by 
the optic nerve after its entrance into the eyeball. 
o. radiations, a large bundle of nerve-fibers joining 
the optic thalamus and the occipital lobe of the 
cerebrum, o. thalamus. See thalamus, o. tract, 
the fibers between the visual center and the optic 
chiasm, o. vesicle, a diverticulum from each side 
of the primary anterior vesicle of the embryo, forming 
the basis of the future eye. 

optician (op-tish'-un) [optic]. A maker of optical 
instruments. 

opticociliary (op-tik-o-sil'-e-a-re) [optic; ciliary]. 
Pertaining to the optic and ciliary nerves. 

opticocinerea (op-tik-o-sin-e'-re-ah) [optic; cinereus, 
resembling ashes]. The gray matter of the optic 
lobes. 

opticopupillary (op-tik-o-pu'-pil-a-re) [optic; pupil- 
lary]. > Pertaining to the optic nerve and the pupil. 

optics (op'-tiks) [optic]. That branch of physics 
treating of the laws of light, its refraction and re- 
flection, and of its- relation to vision. See dioptrics. 

optimal (op'-tim-al) [optimus, best]. The best; 
the most favorable. 

optimism (op'-tim-izm) [optimus, best]. Delusional 
exaltation; delirium of grandeur; amenomania. 

optimum (op'-tim-um) [optimus, best]. The tem- 
perature or other condition at which vital , processes 
are carried on with the greatest activity. Midway 
between the minimum, or lowest endurable, and 
maximum, or highest endurable temperatures or other 
conditions. 

opto- (op-to-) [optic]. A prefix denoting relation 
to the eye or to vision. 

optogram {op' -to- gram) [opto-; ypap.p.a, a writing]. 
A faint image on the retina, for a brief period after 
death, of the object last seen. 

optomeninx (op-to-men' -inks) . Synonym of retina. 

optometer (op-tom'-et-er) [opto-; perpov, a measure]. 
An instrument for determining the strength of vision, 
especially the degree of refractive error that is to be 
corrected. 

optometry (op-tom'-et-re) [otttos, visible; pkrpov, 
measure]. Measurement of the visual powers. 

optomyometer (op-to-mi-om'-et-er) [opto-; myomet- 
er]. An instrument for measuring the strength of 
the muscles of the eye. 

optostriate (op-to-stri'-at) [opto-, striatum, striped]. 
Pertaining to the optic thalamus and the corpus 
striatum. 

optotype (op'-to-tlp) [oittSs, visible; tvttos, type]. 
A test-type used in testing the acuity of vision. 

Opuntia (o-pun'-te-ah) [opuntius, relating to Opous, 
a town of Greece]. Prickly pear; a genus of cac- 
taceous plants represented by numerous species, 



many of which, as O.- reticulata and 0. tuna, have 
slight medicinal properties, the former being anthel- 
mintic, purgative, and locally sedative; the latter has 
been used for palpitation of the heart. 

ora (o'-rah) [L.]. Margin, o. serrata, the jagged 
anterior margin of the retina. 

orad (o'-rad) [os, oris, mouth]. Toward the 
mouth, or the oral region. 

oral (o'-ral) [os, the mouth]. Pertaining to the 
mouth, o. whiff, a peculiar sound heard during 
expiration from the open mouth, principally in cases 
of thoracic aneurysm. 

orange (or'-anj). See aurantium. 

orangeade (or-anj-ad'). A drink made of orange- 
juice and sweetened water. 

orbicular (or-bik'-u-lar) [orbicularis, dim. of orbis, 
circle]. Circular. A term applied to circular mus- 
cles, as the orbicular muscle of the eye or of the 
mouth (orbicularis palpebrarum, orbicularis oris). 

orbiculare (or-bik-u-la'-re). The orbicular bone; 
a tubercle at the end of the long process of the incus; 
it is separate in early fetal life. 

orbicularis (or-bik-u-la'-ris). See under muscle. 

orbi culostapedial (or-bik-u-lo-sta-pe'-de-al) . Re- 
lating to the orbicular process of the incus and to the 
stapes. 

orbiculus ciliaris (or-bik'-u-lus sil-e-a'-ris). The 
ciliary disc; same as annulus ciliaris. 

orbit {or' -bit) [orbita, from orbis, a circle]. The 
bony pyramidal cavity containing the eye, and 
formed by the frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, nasal, 
lacrimal, superior maxillary, and palatal bones. 

orbita (or'-bit-ah) [orbis, a circle, orbit: pi., orbita]. 
The same as orbit. 

orbital (or'-bit-al). Pertaining to the orbit, p. 
height, in craniometry, the greatest vertical width 
of the external opening of the orbit, o. index, the 
orbital height multiplied by 100 and divided by the 
orbital width. If the orbital index is above 89, 
it is called megaseme; if under 84, microseme; if 
between, mesoseme. 

orbitocele (or'-bit-o-sel) [orbita, orbit; K17X77, tumor]. 
1. A tumor of the orbit. 2. The same as exophthal- 
mos. 

orcein (or'-se-in) [Orcus, Pluto, from its dark 
color], C7H7NO3. A dark-red substance derived from 
orcin. 

orchectomy, orchiectomy {pr-kek'-to-me, or-ki-ek'- 
to-me). See orchidectomy. 

orcheitis (or-ke-i'-tis). Synonym of orchitis. 

orchemphraxis (or-kem-fraks'-is). Same as orchi- 
demphraxis. 

orcheocele (or'-ke-o-sel). See orchiocele. 

orcheodesmosarcoma (or'-ke-o-dez-mo-sar-ko'-mah) 
[ocrxea, scrotum; Skopos, bond; aap£, flesh; 5pa, tumor]. 
Scrotal elephantiasis. 

orcheoplasty (or'-ke-o-plas-te). See orchioplasty. 

orcheotomy (or-ke-ot'-o-me). See orchotomy. 

orchestromania (or-kes-tro-ma'-ne-ah) [bpx^Oai, 
to dance; pavla, madness]. Dancing mania; chorea, 
or St. Vitus' dance. 

orchi-, orchid-, orchio- (or-ke-, or-kid-, or-ke-o-) 
[opxis, a testicle]. Prefixes signifying connection 
with or relation to the testicle. 

orchialgia (or-ke-al'-je-ah) [orchi-; &\yos, pain]. 
Neuralgia of the testicle. 

orchic (or'-kik) [3pxw, testicle]. Pertaining to the 
testicle. 

orchichorea (or-ke-ko-re'-ah) [orchi-; chorea]. Ir- 
regular movements of the testicle due to contraction 
of the cremaster muscle. 

orchidalgia (or-kid-al'-je-ah). Synonym of orchi- 
algia. 

orchidatonia (or-kid-at-o'-ne-ah) [orchi-; krovla, 
atony]. Atony of the testicle; laxness of the testicle. 

orchidatrophia {or-kid-at-ro'-fe-ah) [orchi-; 6.Tpo<pia, 
atrophy]. Atrophy of the testicle. 

orchidauxe (or-kid-awks'-e) [orchi-; av^r], growth]. 
Hypertrophy of the testicle. 

orchidectomy (or-kid-ek'-to-me) [orchi-; iKrop-q, 
excision]. Castration. 

orchidemphraxis {or-kid-em-fraks'-is) [orchi-; lp- 
<t>pafa, stoppage]. Obstruction of the vessels of 
the testis. 

orchidin (or' -kid-in). A proprietary fluid from 
the testicle; used as a nervine. 

orchidion (or-kid' -e-on) [dim. of 6px<-s, testicle]. 
A small testicle. 

orchiditis (or-kid-i'-tis). Synonym of orchitis. 

orchidocatabasis (or-kid-o-kat-ab'-as-is) [orchido-; 



ORCHIDOCELE 



633 



ORGANONYM 



KCLTafiaffis, a going down]. Descent of the testicle 
into the scrotum. 

orchidocele (or-kid' -o-sel) . Synonym of orchiocele. 

orchidodynia (or-kid-o-din'-e-ah). Synonym of 
orchiodynia. 

orchidoncus (or-kid-ong'-kus) [orchido-; oy/cos, 
tumor]. A tumor or tumefaction of the testicle. 

orchidopexia (or-kid-o-peks'-e-ah). Seeorchidopexy. 

orchidopexy (or'-kid-o-peks-e) [orchido-; irij^s, fixa- 
tion]. Same as orchidorrhaphy. 

orchidorrhaphy (or-kid-or'-a-fe) [orchido-; pafv, 
suture]. Suturing of the testicle to the surrounding 
tissue. 

orchidoscheocele (or-kid-os'-ke-o-sel) [orchido- ; 
oo~xv, scrotum; K77X77, tumor]. A scrotal hernia with 
enlargement of the testicle. 

orchidospongioma (pr-kid-o-spun-je-o'-mah) [or- 
chido-; o-rroyyta, sponge; ofia, tumor]. A tuberculous 
tumor of the testicle. 

orchidotherapy (or-kid-o-ther'-ap-e). The thera- 
peutic use of testicular extracts. 

orchidotomy (or-kid-ot'-o-me) [orchido-; tow, a 
cutting]. Incision of the testicle. 

orchidotuberculum (or-kid-o-tu-ber'-ku-lum) . See 
orchidospongioma. 

orchidotyloma (or-kid-o-ti-lo'-mah) [orchido-; rv\os, 
callus; 6m a, tumor]. A callous nodule of the testicle. 

orchiectomy (pr-ke-ek'-to-me). Synonym of orchi- 
dectomy. 

orchiepididymitis (or-ke-ep-id-id-im-i'-tis) [orchi-; 
epididymitis]. Inflammation of both testis and 
epididymis. 

orchio-. See orchi-. 

orchiocele (pr'-ke-o-sel) [orchio-; K17X77, tumor]. 
1. A tumor of the testicle. 2. Scrotal hernia. 

orchiodynia (or-ke-o-din'-e-ah) [orchio-; bbbv-q, pain]. 
Pain in the testicles. 

orchioncus (or-ke-ong'-kus). Synonym of orchidon- 
cus. 

orchioneuralgia (or-ke-o-nu-ral' -je-ah) . Synonym 
of orchialgia. 

orchiopexy (pr-ke-o-pek'-se). Synonym of orchido- 
pexy. 

orchioplasty (or'-ke-o-plas-te) [orchio-; irKao-treiv, 
to form]. Any plastic operation on the scrotum. 

orchiorrhaphy (or-ke-or'-af-e). Synonym of orchi- 
dorrhaphy. 

orchioscheocele (or-ke-os'-ke-o-sel). Synonym of 
orchidoscheocele. 

orchioscirrhus (or-ke-os-kir'-us) [orchio-; o-Kippos, 
induration]. A hard carcinomatous tumor of the 
testicle. 

orchiotomy (or-ke-ot'-o-me). Synonym of orchido- 
tomy. 

orchis (or'-kis) [opxis, a testicle]. 1. A genus of 
plants furnishing salep and vanilla. 2. The testicle. 

orchitic (or-kit'-ik). Relating to orchitis. 

orchitin (or'-kit-in)* A sterilized testicular extract. 

orchitis (or-ki'-tis) [orchis; ins, inflammation]. 
Inflammation of the testicle. 

orchitomy (or-kit'-o-me). Synonym of orchotomy. 

orchocele (or'-ko-sel). Synonym of orchiocele. 

orchos (or'-kos) [opxos, tarsus]. The tarsal 
cartilage. 

orchotomy (or-kot'-o-me) 1. [opxis, testis; tow, 
a cutting]. Castration. 2. [opxos, tarsus; tow, a 
cutting]. Removal of the tarsal cartilages. 

orcin, orcinol (or'-sin, or'-sin-ol) [Orcus, Pluto, 
from its dark color], C7He(OH)2. A substance found 
in many lichens of the genera Roccella and Lecanora. 
It is an antiseptic, and has been used instead of 
resorcinol. o. reaction for xylose in the urine, heat 
the urine with an equal volume of hydrochloric acid 
and a trace of orcin. As soon as a green color is 
apparent, cool the solution and shake with amyl- 
alcohol. The amyl-alcohol takes on a green color 
and in the spectroscope shows the characteristic 
band between C and D, and, in addition, a more 
uncertain band, more toward the red. 

ordeal bark (or'-de-al). Casca-bark. o. bean, 
o. nut. See physostigma. 

order (or'-der) [ordo, a rule]. Systematic arrange- 
ment. In biology, the taxonomic group below a 
class and above a family. 

orderly (or'-der-le). A male hospital attendant. 

orectic (or-ek'-lik) [6pe£is, appetite]. Stimulating 
appetite. 

orexin (o-reks'-in) [5pe£is, appetite], C14H12N2 . - 
HC1 . 2H2O. Phenyldihydroquinazolin hydrochloride 
used as a stomachic. Dose 4-7 gr. (0.26-0.45 Gm.). 



o. tannate, a light yellow powder, used as an appetizer 
and stomachic. Dose 4-8 gr. (0.25-0.5 Gm.). 

orexis (o-reks'-is) [6pe£is, appetite]. Appetite. 

orexoids (o-reks'-oids). Trade name of 5-grain 
orexin tannate tablets. 

organ (or'-gan) [opyavov, an organ]. Any part 
of the body having a definite function to perform. 
o. of Corti. See under ear. o., enamel-, a club- 
shaped process of epithelium growing from the 
dental ridge and forming a cap over the dental 
papilla. From it the enamel of the tooth is de- 
veloped, o. of Giraldes. See Giraldes' organ, o., 
Jacobson's. See Jacobson's organ, o.s of repro- 
duction, the testicles and penis and its glands in the 
male, the uterus and its appendages and the vagina 
and its glands in the female, o. of Rosenmueller. 
See parovarium, o., segmental, a mesoblastic em- 
bryonic structure consisting of three parts — the 
pronephros, the mesonephros, or Wolffian body, and 
the metanephros. 

organa (or'-gan-ah) [L.]. Plural of organum. 
0. genitalia, genital organs, o. genitalia muliebria, 
female genital organs, o. genitalia virilia, male 
genital organs, o. oculi accessoria, accessory organs 
of eye. o. palpantia, tactile organs, o. sensuum, 
sense organs, o. uropoetica, uropoietic organs. 
o. urticantia, the nematophores or nematillae of 
Ccelenterates. 

organacidia (or-gan-as-id'-e-ah) . The presence of 
organic acids, especially in the stomach, o. gastrica, 
the presence of large quantities of organic acids in 
the gastric contents. 

organelle (or'-gan-el). Any one of those parts of 
the protozoan protoplasm having a special function. 

organic (or-gan'-ik) [organ]. Having, pertaining 
to, or characterized by organs; pertaining to the 
animal and vegetal worlds; affecting the structure of 
organs, o. acid, any acid containing the carboxyl 
group COOH. o. chemistry, the chemistry of the 
carbon compounds, carbon being the central element 
of compounds occurring in organized beings, o. 
compound, any chemical compound containing 
carbon, o. disease, disease of an organ attended 
with structural changes. 

organism (or'-gan-izm) [organ], A body consisting 
of an aggregation of organs having-a definite function; 
any living organized being, either animal or vegetable. 

organization (pr-gan-iz-a'-shun) [organ]. 1. The 
orderly arrangement of organs or parts. 2. An 
organism. 3. The conversion into an organ, or into 
something resembling an organ, or into living tissue. 

organo- (or-gan-o-) [organ]. A prefix meaning 
relating to the organs. 

organoferric (or-gan-o-fer'-ik). Consisting of iron 
and some organic substance. 

organogenesis (or-gan-o-jen'-es-is) [organo- ; ykveevs, 
origin]. The process of the development of an 
organ. 

organogenetic (or-gan-o-jen-et'-ik) [organogenesis]. 
Pertaining to organogenesis. 

organography (or-gan-og'-ra-fe) [organo-; ypcupeiv, 
to write]. A descriptive treatise of the organs of 
an animal or plant. 

organoid (or'-gan-oid) [organo-; eidos, like]. Re- 
sembling an organ. 

organoleptic (or-gan-o-lep'-tik) [organo-; Xtjtttikos, 
taking]. 1. Making an impression upon some 
organ, chiefly of special sense. 2. Plastic; capable 
of receiving organization. 

organology (or-gan-ol'-o-je) [organo-; \6yos, sci- 
ence]. The science that treats of the organs of plants 
and animals. 

organoma (or-gan-o' -mah) [organo-; 6p.a, tumor]. 
A tumor containing distinct organs or parts of organs, 
but not so arranged as to form a body or part of one. 

organometallic (or-gan-o-met-al'-ik). Applied to 
a combination of an alcoholic radical with a metal 
or metalloid. 

organon (or'-gan-on) [opyavov, an organ; instru- 
ment]. 1. An organ, q. v. 2. A code of principles. 
o. auditus, the organ of hearing, o. gustus, the 
organ of taste, o. olfactus, the organ of smell, o. 
spirale, the organ of Corti. o. tactus, the organ of 
touch, o. visus, the organ of vision, o. vomerona- 
sale. See Jacobson's organ. 

organonomy (or-gan-on'-o-me) [opyavov, organ; 
v6p.os, law]. The totality of the natural laws of the 
conduct and functions of organic life. 

organonym (or-gan'-o-nim) [opyavov, an organ; 
6wp.a, name]. The name of an organ or part. 



ORGANONYMY 



634 



ORTHIOPISTHIUS 



organonymy (or-gan-on'-im-e) [opyavov, organ; 
&vop.a, name]. A system of nomenclature of the 
organs. 

organopathism {or-gan-op'-ath-izm) [opyavov, an 
organ; iraBos, disease]. The doctrine of special study 
and investigation of the pathology of each and every 
organ by itself. 

organopathy (or-gan-op'-ath-e) [6pyavov, organ; 
iraBos, disease], i. The disease of an organ. 2. A 
term used by Sharp to express the local action of 
drugs. 3. The same as organopathism. 

organopexia, organopexy (or-gan-o-peks'-e-ah, or- 
gan' -o-peks-e) [organo-; irijfa, a fixing]. The 
surgical fixation of a mixplaced organ. 

organoplastic (or-gan-o-plas'-tik) [opyavov, an 
organ; irXdaa-eiv, to form, to mold]. Applied to cells 
or tissues from which organs are developed. 

organoplasty (or'-gan-o-plas-te) [opyavov, organ; 
ir'Kao-areiv, to form, to mold]. The origin or develop- 
ment of plant and animal organs. 

organopoiesis (or-gan-o-poi-e'-sis) [opyavov, an 
organ; iroiijats, formation]. The same as organo- 
plasty. 

organopoietic (or-gan-o-poi-et'-ik). Relating to 
organopoiesis. 

organosol (or-gan'-os-ol). A proprietary prep- 
aration of colloidal silver with an organic solvent; 
used in gonorrhea. 

organotherapeutic (or'-gan-o-ther-ap-il'-tik). Re- 
lating to the treatment of disease by means of animal 
extracts. 

organotherapy (or-gan-o-ther'-ap-e) [organo-; 6epa- 
■weia, treatment]. The treatment of diseases by the 
administration of animal organs or extracts pre- 
pared from them. 

organotrophic (or-gan-o-tro'-fik) [opyavov, organ; 
Tpo<j>ri, nourishment]. Relating or belonging to the 
nourishment of organized tissue. 

organotropic (or-gan-o-trop'-ik) [organo-; rpeireiv, 
to turn]. 1. Pertaining to substances which act on 
the organs of the body. 2. Producing degeneration 
of organs. See plasmotropic. 

organum {or'-gan-um) [L.]. See organ. 

orgasm (or'-gazm) [bpyao-p.bs, swelling]. Intense 
excitement, especially that occurring during sexual 
intercourse. 

orgastic (or-gas'-tik) [bpyaeiv, to swell]. Pertaining 
to, or characterized by, orgasm. 

oriental (o-re-en'-tal) [oriens, the east]. Pertaining 
to the orient or east. o. boil. See furunculus 
orientalis. o. plague. See plague. 

orientation (o-re-en-ta'-shun) [see oriental]. 1. The 
act of determining one's position in space (subjective 
orientation), or the position of surrounding objects 
with reference to each other (objective orientation). 
2. The relative position of the substitution elements 
or radicals in the benzene ring. 

orifacial (or-if-a'-shal) [os, oris, mouth; fades, 
face]. Pertaining to the mouth and face. o. angle, 
in craniometry, the angle formed by the junction of 
the plane passing through the masticating surface 
of the superior maxilla with the facial line. 

orifice (or' -if -is) [orificium, an opening]. An open- 
ing. 

orificial (or-if-ish'-al) [orifice]. Pertaining to an 
orifice. 0. surgery. See Pratt's operation. 

orificialist (or-if-ish' -al-ist) . One who treats 
disease by the practice of orificial surgery. 

orificium (or-if-ish' -e-um) [L.]. Orifice. 0. epi- 
ploicum, a synonym of foramen of Winslow. o. 
externum uteri, external orifice or os of uterus. 
o. infundibuli, a synonym of helicotrema. o. in- 
ternum uteri, internal orifice or os of uterus, o. 
urethrse externum, external orifice of urethra, o. 
urethra; internum, internal orifice of urethra, o. 
ureteris, orifice of ureter, o. vaginae, orifice of vagina. 

oriform (or'-if-orm) [os, oris, mouth; forma, form]. 
Having the shape of a mouth. 

Origanum (o-rig'-an-um) [bpiyavov, marjoram]. 
A genus of plants of the order Labiatce. 0. majorana, 
sweet marjoram, is used as a condiment. 0. vulgare, 
wild marjoram, contains a pungent oil (oleum origani), 
consisting chiefly of terpene, C10H16. Origanum 
is tonic, excitant, diaphoretic, emmenagogue, and 
locally anodyne. It is also employed as a clearing- 
agent in microscopy. 

origin (or'-ij-in) [oriri, to arise]. The beginning 
or starting-point of anything, o., deep, or ental, 
of a nerve, its beginning in the cells of the nerve- 
center, o. of a muscle, the point of attachment of a 



muscle which remains relatively fixed during con- 
traction of the muscle, o., superficial, or ectal, of a 
nerve, the point at which it emerges from the brain 
or cord. 

orinasal (o-ri-na'-zal). See oronasal. 

orizabin (o-riz'-ab-in). Same as jalapin. 
• ormosine (or' -mo-sen). A crystalline alkaloid 
from the seeds of Ormosia dasycarpa, of South 
America. It is hypnotic, sedative, and narcotic. 
The hydrochloride is also used. 

ornus (or'-nus) [L.]. See fraxinus. 

oroanal (o-ro-a'-nal) [os, oris, mouth; anus]. Ex- 
tending from the mouth to the anus. 

orolingual (o-ro-lin'-gwal) [os, mouth; lingua, 
tongue]. Pertaining to the mouth and the tongue. 

oronasal (o-ro-na'-zal). Pertaining to the mouth 
and the nose. 

oronosus (o-ron'-o-sus) [5pos, mountain; vbaos, 
disease]. A disease prevalent in mountain regions. 
See mountain sickness. 

oropharyngeal (o-ro-far-in'-je-al) [os, oris, mouth; 
pharynx]. Pertaining to, or situated in, the orphar- 
ynx. 

oropharynx (o-ro-far' -inks) [os, mouth; pharynx]. 
The pharynx proper, situated below the level of the 
lower border of the soft palate, as distinguished from 
the nasopharynx. 

orotherapy (or-o-ther'-a-pe). See orrhotherapy. 

oroxylon (or-oks'-il-on) [opos, mountain; %v\ov, 
wood]. A genus of the Bignoniacece. O. indicum 
is indigenous to tropical Asia. The root-bark is 
tonic and astringent and a powerful sudorific. The 
leaves are applied to ulcers. 

Oroya fever (o-roi'-yah) [S. Amer.]. The febrile 
stage of verrugas, q. v. 

orphol (or'-fol). See bismuth betanaphtholate. 

orpiment (or'-pim-ent). Arsenic trisulphide. 

orrhagogus (or-ag'-o-gus) [bbfrbs, serum; aYei?, to 
lead]. Synonym of hydragogue. 

orrhochezia (or-o-ke- -ze-ah) [bppbs, serum; xQeiv, 
to relieve oneself]. Serous diarrhea. 

orrhodermitis (or-o-der-mi'-tis). See serodermitis. 

orrhorrhea, orrhorrhoea (or -or -e' -ah) [bbpbs, serum^ 
poia, a flow]. An abnormally great flow of serum. 
Also, a watery discharge; rice-water discharges. 

orrhos (or'-ros) [bbpbs, serum]. Serum; whey. 

orrhosis (or-o'-sis) [bbpbs, serum]. The production 
of serum. 

orrhotherapeutic (or-ro-ther-ap-u'-tik). Pertaining 
to serum therapy. 

orrhotherapy (or-O'ther'-ap-e) [bbbbs, serum; depa- 
irela, therapy]. 1. The treatment of disease by the 
use of human or animal blood-serum containing anti- 
toxins; serum therapy. 2. Whey-cure. 

orris (or' -is). See iris (2). 

orsudan (or'-su-dan). Trade name for sodium 
methylacetylaminophenylarsonate. It contains 25.4 
per cent, of arsenic, and is used in the treatment of 
syphilis. 

ortharthragra (orth-arth-ra'-grah) [ortho-; apdpov, 
joint; Ey pa, seizure]. True gout. 

orthiauchenus (orth-e-awk'-en-us) [opBios, upright; 
avxyv, neck]. Lissauer's term for a skull in which the 
angle formed between the radius fixus and the line 
joining the basion and the inion is between 38 and 
49°. 

orthin (or' -thin), C7H8N2O3. An antiseptic deriva- 
tive of phenylhydrazin. 

orthiochordus (orth-e-o-kord'-us) [opdios, upright; 
xopSrj, cord]. Lissauer's term for a skull in which 
the angle formed between the radius fixus and the 
line joining the hormion and the basion is between 
33.2 and 52 . 

orthiocoryphus (orth-e-o-kor'-if-us) [bpOios, upright; 
Kopv<j>ii, head]. Lissauer's term for a skull in which 
the angle formed between the radius fixus and the 
line joining the bregma and the lambda is between 
29 and 41 . 

orthiodontus (orth-e-o-don'-tus) [opdios, upright; 
bbbvs, a tooth]. Lissauer's term for a skull in which 
the angle between the radius fixus and the line joining 
the alveolar and subnasal points is between 88° 
and 121°. 

orthiometopus (orth-e-o-met-o'-pus) [opdios, upright; 
ukruirov, forehead]. Lissauer's term for a skull in 
which the angle between the radius fixus and the 
line joining the bregma and the nasal point is be- 
tween 47° and 6o°. 

orthiopisthius (orth-e-o-pis' -the-us) [opdios, upright; 
toicrdev, behind]. Lissauer's term for a skull in which 



ORTHIOPISTHOCRANIUS 



635 



ORTHOSTATIC 



the angle between the radius fixus and the line 
joining the lambda and the inion is between 84 
and 95 °- 

orthiopisthocranius (orth-e-o-pis-tho-kra'-ne-us) 

[opdios, upright; oirio-Oev, behind; Kpavlov, skull]. 
Lissauer's term for a skull in which the angle formed 
between the radius fixus and the line joining the 
lambda and the opisthion is between 107 ° and 
119 . 

orthioprosopus (orth-e-o-pros-o'-pus) [opdios, up- 
right; Trpoo-coirov, face]. Lissauer's term for a skull 
in which the angle formed between the radius fixus 
and the line joining the nasion and the alveolar point 
is between 89. 4 and ioo°. 

orthiopylus (orth-e-op' -il-us) [opdios, upright; 7tuXt7, 
gate]. Lissauer's term for a skull in which the angle 
formed between the radius fixus and the line joining 
the middle point of the anterior margin of the fora- 
men magnum and the middle point of the posterior 
margin of the foramen magnum is between 15.5° 
and 24 . 

orthiorrhinus (orth-e-or-i'-nus) [opdios, upright; pis, 
nose]. Lissauer's term for a skull in which the angle 
formed between the radius fixus and the line joining 
the nasion and the subnasal point is between 87.5° 
and 98 . 

orthiuraniscus (orth-e-u-ran-is'-kus) [opdios, up- 
right; oi'pavio-Kos, canopy]. Lissauer's term for a 
skull in which the angle formed between the radius 
fixus and a line joining the posterior border of the 
incisor foramen and the alveolar point is between 
40 ° and 60 °. 

ortho- (or-tho-) [6p96s, right; straight]. 1. A prefix 
denoting straight, normal, or true. 2. In chemistry, 
a prefix denoting that one among several compounds 
of the same elements which is considered the normal 
compound. Among derivatives of the benzol- 
ring it refers to those formed by the substitution of 
two adjacent hydrogen atoms. 

orthoacid (or'-tho-as-id). An acid in which the 
hydroxyl groups are equal in number to the valence 
of the acidulous element; when this acid is not known, 
the one whose number of hydroxyl groups most 
nearly equals the valence of the acidulous element is 
improperly called an orthoacid. 

orthobiosis (or-tho-bi-o'-sis) [ortho-; filos, life]. 
Correct living; living in accordance with all the 
laws of hygiene. 

orthocephalic (or-tho-sef -al'-ik) [ortho-; k&PoKtj, 
head]. Pertaining to orthocephaly. 

orthocephalism {or-tho-sef -al-izm) . Synonym of 
orthocephaly. 

orthocephalous {or-tho-sef -al-us) [ortho-; necpaki), 
head]. Having a skull with a vertical index of from 
70.1 to 75. 

orthocephaly (or-tho-sef -al-e) [ortho-; K&f>aKri, 
head]. The condition of having a skull with a 
vertical index of from 70. i° to 75 . 

orthochorea (or-tho-ko-re'-ah) [ortho-; xopela, 
dance]. Choreic movements in the erect posture. 

orthochromatic (or-tho-kro-mat'-ik) [ortho-; xpwm«, 
color]. A term used in photography to denote 
correctness in the rendering of colors. 

orthocrasia (or-tho-kra'-ze-ah) [ortho-; Kpaais, tem- 
perament]. A condition in which there is no idio- 
syncrasy. 

orthocresalol (or-tho-kres'-al-ol). See cresalol. 

orthocresol (or-tho-kre'-sol), CtHsO. One of the 
forms of cresol, q. v. It occurs in small amounts in 
urine. 

orthodactylous (or-tho-dak'-til-us) [ortho-; SoktvXos, 
a finger]. Having straight digits. 

orthodiagram (or-tho-di'-ah-gram). The record 
made by an orthodiagraph. 

orthodiagraph (or-tho-di'-ah-graf) [ortho-; dia- 
graph]. A radiographic apparatus which records 
accurately and quickly the dimension, form, and 
position of internal organs of the body or the location 
of foreign bodies. 

orthodiagraphy (or-tho-di-ag'-raf-e). The mode of 
determining by the aid of the roentgen-rays the 
exact dimensions of an internal organ by the shadow 
which it throws upon the fluorescent screen. 

orthodolichocephalous (or-lho-do-lik-o-sef-al-us) 
[ortho-; 5o\i\6s, long; KecfyaX-n, head]. Having a long 
and straight head; having a vertical index between 
70.1 ° and 75 , and a transverso-vertical index 
between 70 and 74.9 . 

orthodontia (or-tho-don' -she-ah) [ortho-; oSovs, tooth] 
The correction of irregularities of the teeth. 



orthodontics (or-tho-don' -tiks) [orthodontia]. "That 
branch of dentistry which deals with the principles 
and p/actices involved in the prevention and cor- 
rection of malocclusion of the teeth, and such other 
malformations and abnormalities as may be associ- 
ated therewith." 

orthoform (or'-tho-form), C 6 H3(OH)(NH 2 )COOH2. 
A white, crystalline, odorless, tasteless powder, 
slightly soluble in water, soluble in alcohol or ether; 
used as a local anesthetic and antiseptic and internally 
in cancer of the stomach. Dose li-15 gr. (0.5-1.0 
Gm.). Syn., methylparaamidometaoxybenzoate. o. 
emulsion, orthoform, 25 parts, in olive-oil, 100 parts. 
It is recommended in subcutaneous injection in 
laryngeal tuberculosis. 0., new, metaamidopara- 
oxybenzoic-methylester — a cheaper product, used 
as is the original orthoform. 

orthognathic (or-thog-na'-thik) . Same as orthogna- 
thous. 

orthognathism (or-thog'-na-thizm) [ortho-; yvbBos, 
jaw]. The quality of being orthognathous, or of 
having jaws with little or no forward projection. 

orthognathous (or-thog'-na-thus) [ortho-; yvados, 
the jaw]. Straight-jawed; having a gnathic angle 
of from 83 to 90 . 

orthomesocephalous (or-tho-mez-o-sef -al-us) [or- 
tho-; p.kaos, middle; KefiaXr), the head]. In cranio- 
metry, a term applied to a skull with a transverso- 
vertical index between 75-i° and 79-9°. and a verti- 
cal index between 70. i° and 75°. 

orthometer (or-thom'-et-er) [ortho-; pkrpov, a 
measure]. An instrument for measuring the relative 
degree of protrusion of the eyes. 

orthomonochlorphenol (or-tho-mon-o-klor-fe'-nol) . 
An anesthetic drug used in rhinitis. 

orthomorphia (or-tho-mor'-fe-ah) [ortho-; nop<t>r}, 
form]. The surgical correction of deformity. 

orthonal (or'-tho-nal). A local anesthetic said to 
contain cocaine hydrochloride, alypin, and epin- 
ephrine. 

orthopedic, orthopaedic (or-tho-pe'-dik) [ortho-; irals, 
child]. Pertaining to the correction of deformities, 
especially in children, o. surgery, the branch of 
surgery devoted to the correction of deformities. 

orthopedics, orthopaedics (or-tho-pe'-diks). See or- 
thopedic surgery. 

orthopedist, orthopaedist (or-tho-pe'-dist) . One who 
practises orthopedic surgery. 

orthophoria (or-tho-fo'-re-ah) [ortho-; (j>6pos, a 
tending]. 1. A tending of the visual lines in paral- 
lelism. 2. Normal balance of the eye muscles. 

orthophosphoric acid (or-tho-fos-for'-ik). See acid, 
ortho phosphoric. 

orthoplasy (or'-tho-plaz-e) [ortho-; ir\<xo-is, a form- 
ing]. The directive or determining influence of 
organic selection in evolution. 

orthopnea, orthopncea (or-thop-ne'-ah) [ortho-; 
irvelv, to breathe]. A condition marked by quick 
and labored breathing, in which the patient finds 
relief only by maintaining an upright position. 

ortho pneic (or-thop-ne'-ik) [orthopnea]. Charac- 
terized by orthopnea. 

orthopraxis, orthopraxy (or-tho-praks'-is, or'-tho- 
praks-e) [ortho-; 7rpdfis, doing]. Correction of the 
deformities of the body. 

orthoptic (or-thop'-tik) [ortho-; optic]. Pertaining 
to normal binocular vision, o. training, a method of 
correcting the defective vision of those having 
strabismus or muscular insufficiency, by stereoscopic 
and other ocular exercises of a gymnastic kind. 

orthopygium (or-tho-pij'-e-um) [ortho-; irvyri, the 
rump]. Synonym of coccyx. 

orthoscope (or'-tho-skop) [ortho-; o-Koweiv, to see]. 
1. An instrument for examination of the eye through 
a layer of water, whereby the curvature, and hence 
the refraction, of the cornea is neutralized and the 
cornea acts as a plane medium. 2. An instrument, 
for use in drawing the projections of skulls. 

orthoscopic (or-tho-skop'-ik) [orthoscope]. 1. Per- 
taining to an orthoscope or to orthoscopy. 2. Ap- 
plied to lenses cut from the periphery of a large lens. 
3. Having normal vision. 

orthoscopy (or-thos'-ko-pe) [orthoscope]. The ex- 
amination of the eye with the orthoscope. 

orthosis (or-tho'-sis) [opdwcris, a making straight]. 
The process of straightening a distorted part. 

orthostatic (or-tho-stat'-ik) [ortho-; oraroj, stand- 
ing]. Pertaining to or caused by standing upright. 
o. albuminuria, albuminuria which occurs when the 
patient stands on his feet or exercises for long periods 



ORTHOTAST 



636 



OSPHRASIA 



of time, but which disappears after a period of rest 
in bed. 

orthotast (or'-tho-tast) [ortho-; r&ooeiu, to arrange]. 
An apparatus for straightening curvatures of long 
bones. It has also been used as a tourniquet. 

orthoterion, orthoterium (or-tho-te'-re-on, or-tho- 
te'-re-um) [ortho-]. An apparatus for straightening 
curved limbs. 

orthotonus (or-thot'-o-nus) [ortho-; tSpos, tension]. 
Tetanic cramp in which the body lies rigid and 
straight. 

orthotrophy (or-thot'-ro-fe) [ortho-; rpo<pii, nourish- 
ment]. Correct or normal nourishment; the normal 
process of nutrition. 

orthotropic (or-tho-trop'-ik) [ortho-; rpeirtiv, to 
turn]. Pertaining to, or exhibiting orthotropism. 

orthotropism (or-thot'-ro-pizm) [ortho-; rpeiretv, to 
turn]. Vertical, upward, or downward growth. 

oryza (o-ri'-zah) . See rice. 

O. S. Abbreviation for oculus sinister, Latin 
for left eye. 

Os. The chemical symbol of osmium. 

os [L.: gen., oris;' pi., ora]. The mouth, o. 
tincae ("tench's mouth"), the os uteri, or mouth or 
the uterus, o. uteri. Same as o. uteri internum. 
o. uteri externum, the external opening or entrance 
to the uterus, o. uteri internum, the internal orifice 
of the uterus. 

os [L.; gen., ossis: pi., ossa]. A bone. o. acromi- 
ale, the acromion when not united to the scapula. 
o. alaeforme, the sphenoid bone. o. alare, o. alatum, 
the sphenoid bone and alisphenoid bone. o. baUistse, 
the astragalus, o. brachii, the humerus, ossa 
bregmatis, the parietal bones, o. calcis, the bone of 
the heel. o. breve, a short bone. o. capitatum. 
See o. magnum, o. convolutum, the turbinated 
body. o. coronale, the frontal bone. o. coxae. 
See o. innominatum. o. cubitale, the cuneiform bone 
of the wrist, o. femoris, the femur, o. hamatum, 
the unciform bone. o. humeri, the humerus, o. ilii, 
the ilium, o. innominatum, the innominate bone. 
ossa intercalaria, the Wormian bones, o. ischii, the 
ischium, o. japonicum, the divided malar bone, a 
racial characteristic of the Japanese, o. jugale, 
o. jugamentum, the malar bone. o. juguli, the 
clavicle, o. longum, a long bone. o. lunatum, the 
semilunar bone. o. magnum, the third bone of the 
second row of the carpus, o. maxillaris, the upper 
jaw. o. multangulum ma jus, the trapezium, o. 
multangulum, minus, the trapezoid, o. multiforme, 
the sphenoid bone. o. naviculare, the scaphoid bone. 

0. orbicular e. i. The pisiform bone. 2. The lenti- 
cular process of the incus, o. orbitale, the upper 
of two portions into which the malar bone is some- 
times divided by a horizontal suture, o. pectinis, 
the os pubis, o. pectoris, the sternum, o. planum. 

1. A flat bone. 2. Part of the ethmoid bone. 
o. pneumaticum, a hollow bone. o. praemaxillare, 
the intermaxillary bone. 0. pubis, the pubis, o. 
sepia?, cuttlefish bone. o. scutiforme, the patella. 
ossa suturarum, the Wormian bones. Syn., ossa 
triquetra; ossa Wormiana. 0. tetragonum, the parie- 
tal bone. o. triangulare. See 0. cubitale. o. tri- 
gonum, an ossicle due to the separation of the ex- 
ternal tubercle of the posterior surface of the astra- 
galus and ossification from a distinct center, o. 
triquetrum. See o. cubitale. o. unguis, the lacrimal 
bone. o. ypsiloides, the hyoid bone. o. zygoma- 
ticum, the malar bone. 

osazone (o'-saz-on). A compound formed when 
solutions of sugar are warmed for some time with a 
solution of phenylhydrazin and dilute acetic acid. 

oscedo (os-e'-do) [L.]. Yawning. 

oschea (os'-ke-ah) [ftoxeov, scrotum]. Synonym of 
scrotum. 

oscheal (os'-ke-al). Pertaining to the scrotum. 

oscheitis (os-ke-i'-tis) [oschea; itls, inflammation]. 
Inflammation of the scrotum. 

oscheo- (os-ke-o-) [oschea]. A prefix meaning 
relating to the scrotum. 

oscheocele (os'-ke-o-sel) [oscheo-; k^Xtj, hernia]. 
Scrotal hernia. 

oscheohydrocele (os-ke-o-hi' -dro-sel) [oscheo-; hy- 
drocele]. A hydrocele occupying the sac of a scrotal 
hernia after the return of the bowel to the peritoneal 
cavity and the shutting off of the sac from the latter. 

oscheolith (os'-ke-o-lith) [oscheo-; \idos, stone]. 
Scrotal calculus. 

oscheoma (os-ke-o' -mah) [oscheo-; 6pa, tumor]. 
A scrotal tumor. 



oscheoncus (os-ke-ong'-kus) [oscheo-; Syicos, swell- 
ing]. A swelling or tumor of the scrotum. 

oscheoplasty (os'-ke-o-plas-te) [oscheo-; irXAooetv, 
to form]. Plastic surgery of the scrotum. 

oschitis (os-ki'-tis). See oscheitis. 

oscillation (os-il-a'-shun) [oscillatio; oscillare, to 
sway to and fro]. A swinging or vibration; also 
any tremulous motion. 

oscillator (os'-il-a-tor) [see oscillation]. An ap- 
paratus for the application of mechanical thera- 
peutics. 

oscillometer (os-il-om' -et-ur) [oscillare, to sway to 
and fro; pkrpov, measure]. An instrument for 
measuring oscillations, such as those seen in taking 
blood-pressure. 

oscitancy (os'-it-an-se) [oscitare, to yawn]. The 
disposition to yawn; drowsiness. 

oscitation (os-it-a'-shun) [oscitare, to yawn]. The 
act of yawning. 

osculation (os-ku-la'-shun) [osculum]. 1. The 
union of vessels by their mouths. 2. The act of 
kissing. 

osculum (os'-ku-lum) [L., "a little mouth"]. A 
small aperture. 

-ose (-os) [-osus]. A suffix denoting a member of 
the carbohydrate group. 

Osiander's sign of pregnancy (o-ze-an'-der). 
Vaginal pulsation, which may frequently be detected 
early in pregnancy. 

-osis (-o-sis). A suffix signifying condition of, or 
state caused by. 

Osier's disease (oz'-ler) [Sir William Osier, English 
physician, 1849- ]. See Polycythemia cyanotica. 
O.'s phenomenon, the agglutination of the blood- 
platelets observed in blood immediately after its 
withdrawal from the body. O.'s sign, O.'s spots, 
small painful erythematous swellings found in the 
skin and subcutaneous tissues of the hands and feet, 
and said to be indicative of subacute or chronic 
malignant endocarditis. 

osmate (oz'-mat) [osmium]. A salt of osmic acid. 

osmatic (oz-mat'-ik) [60p.i1, smell]. Characterized 
by a keen sense of smell; having a highly developed 
rhinencephalon. 

osmazome (oz'-maz-om) [6oy.ii, smell; fw/*6s, broth]. 
A brownish-yellow substance developed by heat in 
muscular fibers, and formerly supposed to give to 
cooked meats their peculiar flavor. 

osmesis (oz-me'-sis) [6op7jots, a smelling]. The act 
of smelling. 

osmic (oz'-mik) [osmium]. Pertaining to or 
containing osmium, o. acid. See acid, osmic. 

osmidrosis (oz-mid-ro'-sis) [6op.ii, smell; ISpwots, 
sweat]. The secretion of a malodorous perspiration; 
bromidrosis. 

osmium (oz'-me-um) [607*17, smell]. A heavy 
metallic element belonging to the platinum group. 
Symbol Os; specific gravity 22.48; atomic weight, 
190.9; quantivalence II, IV, VI, VIII. See acid, 
osmic. 

osmodysphoria (oz-mo-dis-fo'-re-ah) [60 pi], smell; 
Svs, difficult; <f>epeiv, to bear]. Intolerance of certain 
odors. 

osmogen (os'-mo-jen) [aopos, impulse; yewav, to 
produce]. A substance from which a ferment or 
enzyme is developed. 

osmology (oz-mol'-o-je). 1. The science of odors 
and the sense of smell. 2. That part of physical 
science treating of osmosis. 

osmometer (oz-mom'-et-er) [6opii, smell; pkrpov, a 
measure]. 1. An instrument for testing the sense 
of smell. 2. [See osmosis.] An apparatus for meas- 
uring osmosis. 

osmose (os-mos'). 1. Same as osmosis. 2. To 
undergo psmosis. 

osmosis (oz-mo'-sis) [&op6s, impulsion]. The 
passage of liquids and substances in solution through 
a porous septum. See endosmosis and exosmosis. 

osmotic (oz-mot'-ik) [&op.6s, impulse]. Pertaining 
to osmosis, o. equivalent, "that figure which indi- 
cates the weight of water which replaces by osmosis 
one part by weight of the substance subjected to the 
process." o. pressure, the pressure exerted by the 
particles of compounds when dissolved, directly ex- 
pressed or shown by osmotic phenomena. It is 
equal to that which would be exerted by an equal 
amount of the substance if it were converted into gas 
and occupied the same volume at the same tempera- 
ture as the solution. 

osphrasia (os-fra'-ze-ah). Synonym of osphresis. 



OSPHRESIOLOGY 



637 



OSTEOARTHROPATHY 



osphresiology (os-fre-ze-ol'-o-je) [So-^pi/ats, smell; 
X070S, science]. The science of the sense of smell and 
its organs; also of odors and perfumes. 

osphresis (os-fre'-sis) [oaQprjcns, smell]. The sense 
of smell ; olfaction. 

osphretic (os-fret'-ik) [6<r<ppr]TiKos , capable of smell- 
ing]. Same as olfactory. 

osphus (os'-fus) [6<r06s, loin]. The loin. 

osphyalgia (os-fe-al'-je-ah) [osphus; &X70S, pain]. 
Any pain in the hip or loins; sciatica. 

osphyitis (os-fi-i'-tis) [6o-<pvs, loin; ins, inflamma- 
tion]. Lumbar inflammation; coxitis. 

osphyomyelitis {os-fi-o-mi-el-i'-tis) [6o-<f>vs, loin; 
myelitis]. Myelitis of the lumbar portion of the 
spinal cord. 

ossa (os'-ah) [L. ; pi. of os, a bone]. Bones. See os. 
0. innominata, the irregular bones forming the sides 
and anterior wall of the pelvis, o. lata, the broad 
or flat bones forming the walls of cavities. 0. longa, 
the long bones, e. g., those of the limbs, o. sutur- 
arum, o. triquetra, o. wormiana. See Wormian 
bones. 

ossagen (os'-aj-en). A proprietary remedy used 
in rickets, said to be the calcium salt of the fatty 
acids of red bone-marrow. Dose 30-60 gr. (2-4 
Gm.) twice daily. 

ossalin (os'-al-in). A hygroscopic ointment-base 
prepared from bone-marrow. It occurs as a grayish 
fat with the odor of tallow. Syn., adeps ossium. 

ossalinate (os-al'-in-af). A proprietary substitute 
for cod-liver oil said to be the sodium compound 
of the acid of ox-marrow. 

ossature (os'-at-ur) [os, a bone]. The arrange- 
ment of the bones of the body. 

ossein (os'-e-in) [os, a bone]. The organic base of 
osseous tissue. 

osselet (os'-el-et) [dim. of os, a bone]. A small 
bone; also a hard nodule on the inner aspect of the 
horse's knee. 

osseoalbumoid {os-e-o-al' -bu-moid) . A proteid 
substance resembling elastin, obtained from bone 
after hydration of the collagen. 

osseoaponeurotic (os-e-o-ap-on-u-rot'-ik) [os; apo- 
neurosis]. Bounded by bone and the aponeurosis of 
a muscle. 

osseocartilaginous (os-e-o-kar-til-aj'-in-us) . Per- 
taining to or composed of both bone and cartilage. 

osseomucoid (os-e-o-mu'-koid). A mucin dis- 
covered in bone and having the composition C47.07- 
H6.69N11.8iS2.uO31.80. 

osseous (os'-e-us) [os]. Bony; composed of or 
resembling bone. 

ossicle (os'-ik-l) [ossiculum, dim. of os], A small 
bone, o., Andernach's, the Wormian bones, o., 
auditory, one of a chain of small bones found in the 
tympanic cavity of the ear. o., epactal, a Wormian 
bone, o., Kerkring's, a point of ossification in the 
occipital bone, immediately behind the foramen 
magnum, o.s, Riolan's, small bones sometimes found 
in the suture between the inferior border of the occi- 
pital bone and the mastoid portion of the temporal 
bone. 

ossicula {ps-ik'-u-lah) [L.]. Plural of ossiculum. 
o. auditus. Auditory ossicles; see ossicle. 

ossiculectomy (os-ik-u-lek'-to-me) [ossicle; eKTourj, 
excision]. The excision of an ossicle or of the audi- 
tory ossicles. 

ossiculotomy (os-ik-ii-lot'-o-me) [ossicle; rkp.veiv, 
to cut]. Surgical incision of the ossicles of the ear. 

ossiculum (os-ik'-u-lum). [L. : pi., ossicula]. Syn- 
onym of ossicle, ossicula calcoidea, the cuneiform 
bones of the foot, ossicula epactalia, the Wormian 
bones. 0. hamuli, a horny nodule in the trochlea 
near the ventral border of the lacrimal groove, o. 
jugulare, one of frequent occurrence in the posterior 
lacerated foramen, ossicula triticea, the lesser cornua 
of the hyoid bone. 

ossiferous (os-if'-er-us) [os; ferre, to bear]. Con- 
taining or producing bone tissue. 

ossific (os-if'-ik) [os; facer e, to make]. Pro- 
ducing bone. 

ossification {os-if-ik-a' -shun) [see ossific]. The 
formation of bone. 

ossifluent (os-if -lu-ent) [os ; fluere, to flow]. Break- 
ing down and softening bony tissue, as an ossifluent 
abscess. 

ossiform (os'-if-orm) [os ; forma, form]. Bone-like. 

ossifying (os'-if-i-ing) [os; facer e, to make]. Chang- 
ing into bone. o. chondroma, a chondroma that is 
undergoing ossification, o. myositis, inflammation 



of muscle attended with, or followed by, deposition 
of bone-like masses. 

ossin {os'-in) [os, a bone]. An extract made 
from bone-tissue, and used in organotherapy, q. v. 

ostagra (os-ta'-grah) [osteo-; ay pa, seizure]. A 
bone-forceps. 

ostalgia (os-tal'-je-ah) [osteo-; akyos, pain]. Pain 
in a bone. 

ostalgitis (os-tal-ji'-tis) [osteo-; a\yos, pain; ins, 
inflammation]. Inflammation of a bone attended 
by pain. 

ostarthritis (ost-ar-thri'-tis). See osteoarthritis. 

osteal (os'-te-al) [osteo-]. Osseous, bony; pertaining 
to bone. 

ostealgia (os-te-al'-je-ah) . See ostalgia. 

ostealleosis (os-te-al-e-o'-sis) [osteo-; aWoioxrts, 
alteration]. A metamorphosis of the substance of 
bone, as exemplified in osteosarcoma. 

osteameba, osteamceba (os-te-am-e'-bah) [osteo-; 
amoeba], A bone-cell or osteoblast regarded as an 
organism. 

osteanabrosis (os-te-an-ab-ro'-sis) [osteo-; avaf}p&<ns, 
an eating up]. Absorption or atrophy of bone. 

osteanagenesis (os-te-an-aj-en'-es-is) [osteo-; ava- 
yewav, to regenerate]. The regeneration of bone. 

osteanaphysis (os-te-an-af'-is-is) [osteo-; ava<pbei.v, 
to reproduce]. The reproduction of bone-tissue. 
Synonym of osteanagenesis. 

ostearthritis {os-te-ar-thri'-tis). See osteoarthritis. 

ostearthrocace (os-te-ar-throk'-as-e) [osteo-; apdpov, 
joint; KaKds, bad]. Malignant caries of the bones of a 
joint. 

ostearthrotomy ips-te-ar-throt'-o-me). See osteo- 
arthrotomy. 

osteauxe (os-te-awks'-e) [osteo-; avfa, growth]. 
Abnormal enlargement of a bone. 

ostectomy (os-tek'-to-me). See osteectomy. 

ostectopy (os-tek'-to-pe) [osteo-; iKroiros, placed]. 
Displacement of bone. 

osteectomy (os-te-ek'-to-me) [osteo-; iKTop.ii, exci- 
sion]. Excision of a portion of a bone. 

ostein {os'-te-in). The same as ossein. 

osteitic (os-te-it'-ik) [osteo-; ins, inflammation]. 
Pertaining to osteitis. 

osteitis, ostitis (os-te-i'-tis, os-ti'-tis) [osteo-; ins, 
inflammation]. Inflammation of bone. o. carnosa, 
inflammation of bone, attended with the presence 
of an excess of fungous granulations, o., condensing, 
a form usually involving the whole of a hollow bone, 
and resulting in the filling of the medullary cavity 
with a dense bony mass; new bone usually forms 
on the surface, so that the bone becomes heavier 
and denser than normal, o. deformans, a rare form 
characterized by the production of deformity, o. 
fungosa, a simple inflammatory hyperplasia of the 
medulla and of the compact substance of bone 
characterized by fungoid granulations and leading 
to new ossification or destructive chronic inflamma- 
tion, o., gummatous, a chronic form due to syphilis 
and characterized by the formation of gummata in 
the cancellous tissue of the epiphysis, in the shaft of 
a bone, or in the periosteum, o., rarefying. See 
osteoporosis, o., sclerosing. See osteosclerosis. 

ostembryon (os-tem'-bre-on) [osteo-; epfipvov, fetus]. 
Synonym of lithopedion. 

ostemia, ostaemia (os-te'-me-ah) [osteo-; alpa, blood]. 
A morbid condition of bone distinguished by its 
turgescence with blood. 

ostempyesis {os-tem-pi-e'-sis) [osteo-; ipwvricns, 
suppuration]. Suppuration of bone. 

osteo- (os-te-o-) [oarkov, bone]. A prefix signifying 
connection with or relation to bone. 

osteoanabrosis {os-te-o-an-ab-ro'-sis) [osteo-; &va, 
up; PpuxTis, eating]. Absorption of bone or its 
destruction, as by osteoclasts. 

osteoaneurysm (os-te-o-an'-u-rizm) [osteo-; aneu- 
rysm]. Aneurysm of the arteries of a bone; a pul- 
sating tumor of a bone. 

osteoarthritis (os-te-o-ar-thri'-tis) [osteo-; arthritis], 

1. An inflammation of the bones forming a joint. 

2. Chronic rheumatoid arthritis. 
osteoarthropathy (os-te-o-ar-throp'-ath-e) [osteo-; 

apdpov, joint; irados, disease]. Any disease of bony 
articulations, o., hypertrophic pulmonary, a disease 
characterized by a bulbous enlargement of the 
terminal phalanges of the fingers and toes, a thick- 
ening of the articular ends of the bones, and a peculiar 
curvation of the nails. The condition is usually 
associated with disease of the lungs or pleura (whence 
the name osleoarthropathie pneumonique hypertrophi- 



OSTEOARTHROTOMY 



638 



OSTEOPERIOSTITIS 



ante given to it by Marie), and results from the ab- 
sorption of toxic products from the diseased foci. 

osteoarthrotomy (os-te-o-ar-throt'-o-me) [osteo-; ar- 
throtomy]. Excision of the joint-end of a bone. 

osteoblast (os'-te-o-blast) [osteo-; /3Xa<7Tos, a germ]. 
Any one of the cells of mesoblastic origin concerned 
in the formation of bony tissue. 

osteoblastic (os-te-o-blas'-tik). Pertaining to osteo- 
blasts, or to the formation of bone. 

osteocachexia (os-te-o-kak-eks'-e-ah). Cachexia due 
to disease of the bones. 

osteocampsia (os-te-o-kamp'-se-ah) [osteo-; Kanirretv, 
to bend]. Curvature of a bone without fracture, as 
in osteomalacia. 

osteocarcinoma (os-te-o-kar-sin-o'-mah). i. Ossi- 
fying carcinoma. 2. Carcinoma of bone. 

osteocartilaginous (os-te-o-kar-til-aj'-in-us). Per- 
taining to or composed of both bone and cartilage. 

osteocele (os'-te-o-sel) [osteo-; K17X17, hernia]. A 
bone-like substance found in old hernial sacs; also 
marked hardening of the testicle. 

osteocephaloma (os-te-o-sef-al-o'-mah) [osteo-; «<=<£- 
0X17, head; &y.a, tumor; pi., osteocephalomata]. Ence- 
phaloma or encephaloid sarcoma of bone. 

osteochondritis {os-te-o-kon-dri'-tis). Inflamma- 
tion involving both bone and cartilage. 

osteochondroma (os-te-o-kon-dro'-mah). A tumor 
that is in part bony and in part cartilaginous. 

osteochondrophyte (os-te-o-kon' -dro-fit) . A bone 
tumor in which the proportions of bone and cartilage 
are nearly equal. 

osteochondrosarcoma (os-te-o-kon-dro-sar-ko'-mah) . 
An osteochondroma with sarcomatous features. 

osteoclasia (os-te-o-kla'-ze-ah). See osteoclasis. 

osteoclasis (os-te-ok' -la-sis) [osteo-; /cXd<m, a break- 
ing]. 1. Fracture of bones for purposes of remedying 
deformity. 2. The destruction of bony tissue by 
osteoclasts. 

osteoclast (os'-te-o-klast) [see osteoclasis]. 1. An 
instrument for performing osteoclasis. 2. One of 
the large multinuclear cells found against the surface 
of bone in little eroded depressions (Howship's 
lacuna?), and concerned in the removal of bone. 

osteoclastic (os-te-o-klas'-tik) [osteo-; kXchttos, 
broken]. Of the nature of an osteoclast; concerned 
in the breaking down and absorption of bone. 

osteocomma (os-te-o-kom'-ah) [osteo-; KOfifia, seg- 
ment: pi., osteocommata]. Any one of a series of 
bone-segments; in the adult skeleton, a vertebra is 
an example. 

osteocope (os'-te-o-kop). See osteocopic pain. 

osteocopic pain (ps-te-o-kop'-ik) [osteo-; koitos, a 
beating]. A severe pain in a bone, usually worse 
at night. It is a symptom of osteitis or periostitis, 
especially of syphilitic origin. 

osteocranium (os-te-o-kra'-ne-um). The ossified 
cranium as distinguished from the chondrocranium. 

osteocystoma (os-te-o-sis-to'-mah). A cystic bone- 
tumor. 

osteodentine (os-te-o-den'-ten) [osteo-; dens, tooth]. 
A tissue of the nature of, and intermediate in struc- 
ture between bone and dentine. 

osteodermatoplastic (os-te-o-der-mat-o-plas'-tik) [os- 
teo-; deppa, skin; ir\6.<r<Tei.i>, to mold]. Pertaining to 
the formation of osseous tissue in dermal structures. 

osteodermatous (os-te-o-der'-mat-us) [osteo-; 6kpp.a, 
skin]. Having an ossified integument. Pertaining 
to osteodermia. 

osteodermia (os-te-o-der' -me-ah) [osteo-; Sipfia, 
skin]. Bony formations in the skin. 

osteodiastasis (os-te-o-di-as'-ta-sis) [osteo-; Siaara- 
<ris, separation]. Separation of bone (as an epi- 
physis) without true fracture. 

osteodiclis (os-te-o-dik'-lis). See diclidostosis. 

osteodynia (os-te-o-din'-e-ah) [osteo-; bbvvq, pain]. 
A chronic pain in a bone. 

osteoepiphysis (os-te-o-e-pif'-is-is). A bony epi- 
physis. 

osteofibrolipoma (os-te-o-fi-bro-lip-o'-mah). A tu- 
mor of bony, fibrous, and fatty elements. 

osteofibroma (os-te-o-fi-bro'-mah). A combined 
osteoma and fibroma. 

osteogen (os'-te-o-jen) [osteo-; yewav, to produce]. 
The substance of which osteogenic fibers are made up. 

osteogenesis (os-te-o-jen'-es-is) [osteo-; ykveais, 
origin]. The development of bony tissue. 

osteogenetic (os-te-o-jen-et'-ik) [see osteogenesis]. 
Pertaining to osteogenesis, o. cell, an osteoblast. 
o. layer, the deep layer of periosteum from which 
bone is formed. 



osteogenic {os-te-o-jen'-ik). Synonym of osteo- 
genetic. 

osteogeny (os-te-oj'-en-e). See osteogenesis. 

osteography (os-te-og'-ra-fe) [osteo-; ypafaiv, to 
write]. Descriptive anatomy of the bones and their 
articulations. 

osteohalisteresis (os-te-o-hal-is-ter-e'-sis) [osteo- ; 
&Xs, salt; arepr/ais, privation]. A loss of the mineral 
constituents of bone. 

osteohelcosis (os-te-o-hel-ko'-sis) [osteo-; eXxwo-ts, 
ulceration]. Caries of bone. 

osteoid (os'-te-oid) [osteo-; elSos, like]. 1. Re- 
sembling bone. 2. An osteoma, o. sarcoma, a 
sarcoma in which non-calcified bony tissue is 
found. 

osteolipochondroma (os-te-o-lip-o-kon-dro'-mah) [os- 
teo-; XCttos, fat; chondroma], A chondroma with 
osseous and fatty elements. 

osteolith (os'-te-o-lith) [osteo-; Xi'0os, stone]. A 
petrified bone. 

osteology (os-te-ol'-o-je) [osteo-; \6yos, science]. 
Science of anatomy and structure of bones. 

osteolysis (os-te-ol'-is-is) [osteo-; Xhns, dissolution]. 
1. Absorption of bone. 2. Degeneration of bone. 

osteolytic (os-te-o-lit'-ik) [osteo-; \v<ris, dissolution]. 
Pertaining to, or concerned in, osteolysis. 

osteoma (os-te-o'-mah) [osteo-; 6y.a, a tumor], 
A bony tumor, o., cavalryman's, one occurring at 
the insertion of the long adductor muscle of the 
thigh, o. durum, a tumor consisting of hard bony 
tissue, o. eburneum. See o. durum, o. medullare, 
an osteoma containing marrow-spaces, o. spongi- 
osum, an osteoma containing cancellated bony 
tissue. 

osteomalacia (os-te-o-mal-a'-she-ah) [osteo- ; p.a\aKia, 
softening]. Softening of bone from loss of its earthy 
constituents. Occurs chiefly in adults, especially 
in pregnancy. 

osteomalacia!, osteomalacic (os-te-o-mal-a' -se-al t 
os-te-o-mal-a' -sik) [osteo-; /mXa/cia, softening]. Per- 
taining to, or affected with, osteomalacia. 

osteomalacosis (os-te-o-mal-ak-o'-sis). Synonym 
of osteomalacia. 

osteomalacic (os-te-o-mal-ak'-tik). Pertaining to 
osteomalacia. 

osteomere (os'-te-o-mer). Same as osteocomma. 

osteometry (os-te-om'-et-re) [osteo-; per pov, measure]. 
The study of the proportions and measurements of 
the skeleton. 

osteomiosis (os-te-o-mi-o'-sis) [osteo-; neiuxrit, 
diminution]. Disintegration of bone. 

osteomyelitis {os-te-o-mi-el-i'-tis) [osteo-; myelitis]. 
Inflammation of the marrow of bone. 

osteomyelum (os-te-o-mV -el-um) [osteo-; five\6s t 
marrow]. The marrow of bone. 

osteonabrosis {os-te-on-ab-ro'-sis). See osteo- 
anabrosis. 

osteonagenesis {os-te-on-aj-en'-es-is). See osteo- 
genesis. 

osteoncus (os-te-ong'-kus) [osteo-; 5yicos, tumor]. 
1. A tumor of a bone. 2. An exostosis. 

osteonecrosis (ps-te-o-ne-kro' -sis) . Necrosis of 
bone. 

osteoneuralgia (os-te-o-nu-ral'-je-ah). Neuralgia 
of bone. 

osteonosus (ps-te-on' -o-sus) [osteo-; vbaos, disease]. 
Disease of bone. 

osteoparectasis (os-te-o-par-ek'-tas-is) [osteo-; irapeic- 
rao-is, a stretching out]. Abnormal lengthening of 
a bone; overextension in the treatment of fracture. 

osteopath, osteopathist (os'-te-o-path) [os-te-op'-a- 
thist]. One who practises osteopathy. 

osteopathic (os-te-o-path'-ik). Pertaining to oste- 
opathy. 

osteopathy (os-te-op'-ath-e) [osteo-; iraBos, suffer- 
ing]. 1. Any disease of bone. 2. A school of 
medicine based upon the theory that the body is 
a vital mechanical organism whose structural and 
functional integrity are coordinate and that the 
perversion of either is disease, while its therapeutic 
procedure is chiefly manipulative correction, its 
name indicating the fact that the bony framework 
of the body largely determines the structural rela- 
tion of its tissues (Committee on Osteopathic Termin- 
ology). 

osteopedion (os-te-o-pe'-de-on) . See lithopedion. 

osteoperiosteal (os-te-o-per-e-os'-te-al) [osteo-; peri- 
osteum]. Pertaining to bone and its overlying peri- 
osteum. 

osteoperiostitis (os-te-o-per-e-os-ti'-tis) [osteo-; peri- 



OSTEOPHAGE 



639 



OTOCATARRH 



ostitis]. Combined inflammation of the bone and 
periosteum. 

osteophage (os'-te-o-fdj) [osteo-; <payelv, to eat]. 
A myeloplax, or osteoclastic cell. 

osteophlebitis (os-te-o-fle-bi'-tis). Inflammation 
of the veins of a bone. 

osteophone (os'-te-o-fon) [osteo-; (purf, sound]. 
An apparatus for the transmission of sounds through 
the bones of the face; it is miscalled audiphone. 

osteophony (os-te-off'-on-e) [osteo-; <f>ui>ri, sound]. 
The transmission of sound through bone. 

osteophore (os'-te-o-for) [osteo-; <{>epeiv, to bear]. 
A heavy tooth-forceps for crushing bone. 

osteophthisis (os-te-off'-this-is) [osteo-; <j>dio-ts, a 
wasting]. Wasting of the bones. 

osteophyma (os-te-o-fi'-mah) [osteo-; (f>vp.a, swelling]. 
Any tumor or swelling of a bone. 

osteophyte (os'-te-o-fit) [osteo-; <t>vrbv, a plant]. 
A bony outgrowth of dendritic character. 

osteoplaque (os'-te-o-plak) [osteo-; irXd|, plate]. 
A layer of bone; a flat osteoma. 

osteoplast (os'-te-o-plast) [osteo-; irXaaaeiv, to form]. 
Same as osteoblast. 

osteoplastic (os-te-o-plas'-tik) [see osteoplasty], 
i. Pertaining to the formation of bone. 2. Per- 
taining to plastic operations upon bone. 0. resec- 
tion, the Wagner-Wolff operation, in which a portion 
of bone, cut loose from its attachments except at 
one point, is laid back, the underlying diseased 
structure removed, and the bone replaced. 

osteoplasty (os'-te-o-plas-te) [osteo-; ir\ao-o~eip, to 
form]. Plastic operations on bone. 

osteoporoma (os-te-o-por-o'-tnah) [osteo-; wopos, 
passage]. The changes produced by osteoporosis. 

osteoporosis (os-te-o-por-o'-sis) [osteo-; iropos, a 
pore]. An enlargement of the spaces of bone whereby 
a porous appearance is produced. 

osteopsathyrosis (os-te-o-sath-ir-o'-sis) [osteo-; -^adv- 
pbs, friable]. Fragility of the bones. 

osteorrhagia (os-te-or-a'-je-ah) [osteo-; p-qyvvvai., 
to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from a bone. 

osteorrhaphy (os-te-or'-a-fe) [osteo-; pa<j>-q, suture]. 
The suturing of bones. 

osteosarcoma {os-te-o-sar-ko'-mah). A sarcoma 
containing bone. 

osteosarcomatous {os-te-o-sar-ko'-mat-us). Of the 
nature of an osteosarcoma. 

osteosarcosis (os-te-o-sar-ko'-sis) [osteo-; <rap£, 
flesh]. The conversion of bone into sarcomatous 
tissue. 

osteoscirrhus (os-te-o-skir'-us) [osteo-; o-Kippos, a 
hardening]. A scirrhous carcinoma of bone. 

osteosclerosis (os-te-o-skle-ro'-sis) . A condition in 
which the bone becomes hard and heavy; it is seen 
in sclerosing or condensing osteitis. 

osteoscope (os'-te-o-skop) [osteo-; o-Koireiv, to view]. 
An instrument used for testing an x-ray machine 
by examining certain bones which are used as a 
standard. 

osteoseptum {os-te-o-sep' -turn) [osteo-; septum]. 
The bony nasal septum. 

osteosis (os-te-o'-sis) [osteo-]. Bone formation. 

osteospongioma (os-te-o-spun-je-o'-mah) . A tumor 
consisting of a spongy or highly cancellous growth 
of bony tissue. 

osteosteatoma (os-te-o-ste-at-o'-mah). A fatty 
tumor of bone. 

osteostixis (os-te-o-stiks'-is) [osteo-; arl^is, a prick- 
ing]. Surgical puncturing of a bone. 

osteosuture {os-te-o-su'-tur). See osteorrhaphy. 

osteosynovitis (os-te-o-sin-o-vi'-tis). Synovitis com- 
plicated with osteitis of adjacent bones. 

osteotabes (os-te-o-ta'-bez). Bone degeneration 
of infants beginning with the destruction of the 
cells of the lymphoid or splenoid bone-marrow, which 
disappears completely in parts and is replaced by 
soft gelatinous tissue; later the spongy bone dimin- 
ishes, and lastly the compact bone. 

osteoteleangiectasis (os'-te-o-tel-e-an-je-ek'-tas-is) 
[osteo-; Tk\os, end; &yyeioi>, vessel; bcraais, dilatation]. 
Dilatation of the blood-vessels of a bone; also a 
telangiectatic osteosarcoma. 

osteothrombosis (os'-te-o-throm-bo'-sis). Thrombo- 
sis of the veins of a bone. 

osteotome (os'-te-o-tom) [osteo-; rop-q, a cutting]. 
1. An instrument for cutting bone. 2. An instru- 
ment used in cutting the bones of the fetal head in 
embryotomy. 

osteotomist (os-le-ot'-o-mist) [osteo-; rop.ii, a cutting]. 
One who performs osteotomy. 



osteotomy (os-te-ot'-o-me) [see osteotome]. The 
division of a bone, o., cuneiform, an osteotomy in 
which a wedge of bone is removed, o., linear, a 
simple division of a bone, o., Macewen's. See 
Macewen's osteotomy. 

osteotribe (os'-te-o-trib). Same as osteotrite, 

osteotrite (os'-te-o-trit) [osteo-; rplfieiv, to rub]. 
An instrument for scraping away carious bone. 

osteotylus (os-te-o-ti'-lus) [osteo-; tvXos, callus]. 
Bone-callus. 

osteotympanic - {os-te-o-tim-pan'-ik). See cranio- 
tympanic. 

osteulcus (os-te-ul'-kus) [osteo-; eXKew, to draw]. 
A bone-forceps. 

osthelcus (ost-hel'-kus) [osteo-; IX/cos, an ulcer]. 
Caries of bone. 

osthistos (ost-his'-tos) [osteo-; iarbs, tissue]. Os- 
seous tissue. 

ostia (os'-te-ah) [L.]. Plural of ostium, q. v. 

ostial (os'-te-al) [ostium]. Pertaining to an opening 
or orifice. 

ostiary (os'-te-a-re) [ostium]. Same as ostial. 

ostitis (os-ti'-tis). See osteitis. 

ostium (os'-te-um)^ [L.: pi., ostia], A mouth or 
aperture, o. abdominale, the orifice of the oviduct 
communicating with the peritoneal cavity o. 
internum, the uterine opening of the oviduct, o. 
pharyngeum, the pharyngeal opening of the Eusta- 
chian tube. o. tympanicum, the tympanic opening 
of the Eustachian tube. o. vaginae, the external 
orifice of the vagina. 

ostoid (os'-toid). See osteoid. 

ostracosis (os-trak-o'-sis) [oarpaKou, oyster-shell; 
vbo-os, disease]. The degenerative change that some- 
times takes place in a portion of bone and causes it 
to resemble an oyster-shell. 

ostreotoxismus (os-tre-o-toks-iz'-mus) [oarpeop, oys- 
ter; to£ik6i>, poison]. Poisoning due to eating 
diseased or deteriorated oysters. 

otacoustic (o-ta-koos'-tik) [ovs, ear; iwoveiv, to hear]. 
1. Pertaining to or aiding hearing. 2. An ear- 
trumpet. 

otacousticon (o-tak-oos'-tik-on) [oto-; Slkovo-ls, hear- 
ing]. An otacoustic, or ear-trumpet. 

otagra (o-ta'-grah). Synonym of otalgia. 

otalgia (o-tal'-je-ah) [ovs, ear; aKyos, pain]. Earache. 

otalgic {o-tal'-jik) [oto-; aXyos, pain]. Affected with 
or pertaining to, otalgia. 

otaphone (o'-taf-dri). See otophone. 

otectomy (o-tek'-to-me) [oto-; Iktom, excision]. 
Ossiculectomy. 

othelcosis (o-thel-ko'-sis) [oto-; ZXkwo-is, ulceration]. 
Ulceration of the ear. 

othematoma, othaematoma (ot-hem-at-o'-mah) [ovs, 
ear; hematoma]. Hematoma of the external ear, 
usually the pinna; it is comparatively frequent in 
the insane. Syn., Hcematoma auris; insane ear. 

othemorrhea, othaemorrhcea {ot-hem-or-e'-ah) [oto-; 
oilpa, blood; poia, flow]. A sanguineous discharge 
from the ear. 

othygroma nephriticum (ot-hi-gro'-mah nef-rit'- 
ik-um) [ovs, ear; hygroma; nephritic]. Elongation of 
the lobule of the ear following edema from acute 
nephritis. 

otiatric (o-te-at'-rik) [oto-; larrip, surgeon]. Per- 
taining to the treatment of diseases of the ear. 

otiatrics (o-te-at'-riks) [ovs, ear; larpiKos, of healing]. 
The study of diseases of the ear and their treatment. 

otic (o'-tik) [utikos, from ovs, ear]. Pertaining to 
the ear. o. ganglion. See ganglion, otic. 

oticodinia (o-tik-o-din'-e-ah) [otic; blvq, a whirling]. 
Vertigo from ear disease. 

otitic (o-tit'-ik). Relating to otitis. 

otitis (o-ti'-lis) [ovs, ear; ins, inflammation]. In- 
flammation of the ear. o. externa, inflammation 
of the external ear. o., furuncular, the formation 
of furuncles in the external meatus, o. interna, that 
affecting the internal ear. o. labyrinthica, inflamma- 
tion of the labyrinth, o. mastoidea, inflammation 
confined to the mastoid cells; mastoid disease, o. 
media, that affecting the middle ear. o. parasitica, 
that claused by a parasite, o. sclerotica, inflamma- 
tion of the inner ear with hardening of the tissues. 

oto- (0-I0-) [ols, ear]. A prefix signifying con- 
nection with or relation to the ear. 

otoblenorrhea, otoblennorrhoea (o-to-blen-or-e'-ah) 
[oto-; ffXkwa, mucus; poia, flow]. Any abnormal 
discharge of mucus from the ear. 

otocatarrh (o-to-kat-ar') [oto-; catarrh]. Catarrh 
of the ear. 



OTOCEPHALUS 



640 



OVARADEN 



otocephalus (o-to-sef'-al-us) [oto-; Ke<f>a\r), head]. 
A monster characterized by a union or close approach 
of the ears, by absence of the lower jaw, and an ill- 
developed mouth. 

otocerebritis {o-to-ser-e-bri'-tis) [oto-; cerebrum, 
brain; m.s, inflammation]. Inflammation of the 
brain from disease of the ear. 

otocleisis (o-to-kli'-sis) [oto-; icXeZcns, closure]. 
Occlusion of the ear. 

otoconia (o-to-ko'-ne-ah). Plural of otoconium. 

otoconial (o-to-ko'-ne-al) [oto-; kovis, dust]. Per- 
taining to, or of the nature of, otoconia. 

otoconite (o-tok'-o-nlt). See otoconium. 

otoconium (o-to-ko'-ne-um) [oto-; kovis, dust]. An 
otolith. 

otocrane, otocranium (o'-to-krdn, o-to-kra'-ne-um) 
[oto-; Kpaviou, skull]. The cavity of the petrous por- 
tion of the skull holding the organ of hearing. 

otocyst (o'-to-sist) [oto-; kvo-tcs, bladder]. An 
auditory vesicle, otocell, or otidium in invertebrates, 
or an otolithic sac in vertebrates. 

otodynia (o-to-din'-e-ah) [oto-; 65vi>t), pain]. Pain 
in the ear. 

otoganglion (p-to-gang'-gle-on). See ganglion, otic. 

otogenous (o-toj'-en-us) [oto-; yewav, to produce]. 
Originating in the ear. 

otography (o-tog'-ra-fe) [oto-; ypafaw, to write]. 
Descriptive anatomy of the ear. 

otohemineurasthenia (o-to-hem-e-nil-ras-the'-ne-ah) 
[oto-; hemi, half; neurasthenia]. A condition in 
which hearing is limited exclusively to one ear, with- 
out the evidence of any material lesion of the auditory 
apparatus. 

otolith (o'-to-lith) [oto-; Xit?os, stone]. One of the 
calcareous concretions within the membranous 
labyrinth of the ear. 

otological (o-to-loj'-ik-al). Pertaining to otology. 

otologist (p-tol'-o-jist) [oto-; \6yos, science]. One 
versed in otology; an aurist. 

otology (o-tol'-o-je) [oto-; X6?os, science]. The sci- 
ence of the ear, its anatomy, functions, and diseases. 

otomassage {o-to-mas-ahzj') [oto-; massage]. The 
application of passive motion to the tympanic mem- 
brane and auditory ossicles. 

otomyasthenia (o-to-mi-as-the'-ne-ah). 1. Weakness 
of the muscles of the ear. 2. Defective hearing due 
to a paretic condition of the tensor tympani and 
stapedius muscles. 

otomyces {o-to-mi'-sez) [oto-; ^vktjs, fungus]. A 
fungous growth within the ear. o. Hageni, a fungus, 
with green conidia, sometimes found in the external 
canal of the ear. 0. purpureus, a dark-red fungous 
growth in the ear. 

otomycosis (o-to-mi-ko'-sis). The growth of fungi 
within the ear, or the diseased condition caused by 
the same. 

otonecrectomy (o-to-ne-krek'-to-me). See otone- 
cronectomy. 

otonecronectomy (o-to-nek-ro-nek'-to-me) [oto-; 
vtKpbs, dead; iKrofirj, excision]. Surgical removal of 
necrosed sound-conductors from the ear. 

otoncus (o-tong'-kus) [oto-; 67x0s, tumor]. A 
swelling or tumor of the ear. 

otoneuralgia {o-to-nu-ral'-je-ah). Synonym of 
otalgia. 

otoneurasthenia (o-to-nu-ras-the'-ne-ah). A con- 
dition of deficient tone of the auditory apparatus. 

otopathy (o-top'-ath-e) [oto-; iraBos, disease]. Any 
affection of the ear. 

otopharyngeal {o-to-far-in'-je-al). Pertaining to 
the ear and the pharynx, o, tube, the Eustachian 
tube. 

otophone {o'-to-fon) [oto-; tpwvri, voice]. 1. An 
ear-trumpet or other device for gathering and 
intensifying sound-waves. 2. An auscultating tube 
used in ear diseases. 

otophthalmic (o-toff-thal'-mik) [oto-; o^aXjuos, eye]. 
Pertaining to the ear and the eye. 

otopiesis (o-to-pi'-es-is) [oto-; irUais, pressure]. 
Pressure on the labyrinth sufficient to cause deafness. 
Depression of the tympanic membrane by atmo- 
spheric pressure, owing to the rarefaction of the 
air within the tympanic cavity. 

otoplasty (o'-to-plas-te) [oto-; ?rX do-crew , to form]. 
Plastic surgery of the external ear. 

otopolypus (o-to-pol'-ip-us). A polypus occurring 
in the ear. 

otopyorrhea, otopyorrhea (o-lo-pi-or-e'-ah) [oto-; 
irbov, pus; poia, a flow]. A purulent discharge, from 
the ear. 



otopyosis (p-to-pi-o'-sis) [oto-; irbov, pus]. Sup- 
puration within the ear. 

otorhinolaryngology ip-to-ri-no-lar-in-gol'-o-je) 

[oto-; fa, nose; laryngology]. The anatomy, physi- 
ology, and pathology of the ear, nose, and throat. 

otorrhagia (o-tor-a'-je-ah) [oto-; fayvvvai, to burst 
forth]. A discharge of blood from the external audi- 
tory meatus. 

otorrhea, otorrhoea (o-tor-e'-ah) [oto-; fata, a flow]. 
A discharge from the external auditory meatus. 

otosalpinx ip-to-sal' -pinks) [oto-; a&Kinyt, tube]. 
The Eustachian tube. 

otoscleronectomy (o-to-skle-ro-nek'-to-me) [oto-; 
ovcXijpos, hard; kKTo\ii), excision]. Surgical removal of 
sclerosed and ankylosed conductors of sound in 
chronic otitis media. 

otosclerosis (o-to-skle-ro'-sis) [oto-; o-kXtjpos, hard]. 
Sclerosis of the tissues of the labyrinth and middle 
ear. 

otoscope (p'-to-skop) [oto-; vKoirelv, to examine]. 
An instrument for examining the ear, especially a 
rubber tube, one extremity of which is inserted into 
the ear of the subject, and the other extremity into 
the ear of the examiner, a current of air being passed 
by means of a Politzer bag and a Eustachian catheter 
through the middle ear. In case of tympanic 
perforation the rushing sound made by the passing 
air is audible to the examiner. 

otoscopic (p-to-skop' -ik) [oto-; aKoirelv, to view]. 
Pertaining to otoscopy. 

otoscopy (o-tos'-ko-pe) [see otoscope]. Examination 
of the ear, especially by means of the otoscope. 

otosis (o-to'-sis) [oto-]. A mishearing; a false 
impression as to sounds or words heard. 

otosteal ifl-tos'-te-al) [see otosteon]. Pertaining to 
the bones of the ear. 

otosteon (o-tos'-te-ori) [oto-; bcrrkov, bone]. i< An 
auditory ossicle, or ear-bone. 2. An otolith. 

otostylic (o-to-sti'-lik) [oto-; arvXos, pillar]. Re- 
lating to the ear and to the styloid process. 

ototomy {p-tot'-o-me) [oto-; row, a cutting]. Dis- 
section of the ear. 

ottar, otto (ot'-ar, ot'-o). See attar. 

O. U. An abbreviation for oculus uterque, Latin 
for each eye. 

ouabain (oo-ah'-ba-in), C30H46O12. A poisonous 
glucoside from the wood of Carissa schimperi and of 
Acocanthera venenata. Introduced into the stomach 
it is nonpoisonous, but injected into the blood it is 
extremely virulent. It is a depressant to the heart 
and the respiration. As a local anesthetic it has ten 
times the power of cocaine. It has been recom- 
mended for whooping-cough in doses of TTJ \nr gr. 
(0.000065 Gm.), repeated with caution. 

oulachon {oo'-lak-on). See eulachon. 

oulitis (oo-li'-tis). See ulitis. 

ouloid (oo'-loid) [ov\ri, scar; el8os, like]. Re- 
sembling a scar. Also, a form of cicatrix charac- 
teristic of lupus, elephantiasis, and syphilis. 

oulorrhagia (oo-lor-a'-je-ah) [ov\ov, gum; fayvwai, 
to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from the gums. 

ounce (ouns) [uncia, a contraction of undecia, a 
twelfth part]. A unit of measure of weight, o., 
avoirdupois, the sixteenth part of the avoirdupois 
pound, or 437-5 gr. (31.1 Gm.). o., troy, the twelfth 
part of the troy pound, or 480 gr. (31.08 Gm.). 

ourari (oo-rah'-re). Same as curare. 

ouro- (00-ro-). See uro-. 

ourology (oo-rol'-o-je) [olpov, urine; Xdyos, science]. 
The science of the nature and secretion of urine. 

ouroscopy {oo-ros'-ko-pe). See uroscopy. 

-ous. ' A suffix which denotes the lower of two 
degrees of valency assumed by an element and 
incidentally indicates, in many cases, a small amount 
of oxygen. 

outlet. 1. The lower aperture of the pelvic 
canal. 2. The passage that removes the air from a 
room in ventilation, o. of pelvis. See outlet (1). 

outpatient (out'-pa-shent). A hospital patient 
who is not treated in the wards of the institution. 

ova (o'-vah) [L.]. Plural of ovum, an egg. 

ovadin (p'-vad-in). A proprietary preparation of 
the ovaries of animals containing iodine. 

oval (o'-val) [ovum]. 1. Egg-shaped. 2. Pertain- 
ing to an ovum. 

ovalbumin (o-val-bu'-min) [ovum; albumen]. The 
albumin of the egg. 

ovaraden (o-var-ad'-en). An organo therapeutic 
preparation from the ovaries of animals; used as a 
nervine. Dose 45-90 gr. (3-6 Gm.) daily. 



OVARALGIA 



641 



OVOMUCIN 



ovaralgia (o-var-al'-je-ah). See ovarialgia. 

ovarialgia {o-va-re-al'-je-ah) [ovary; &\yos, pain]. 
Neuralgic pain in the ovary. 

ovarian (o-va'-re-an) [ovary]. Pertaining to the 
ovaries. 

ovariectomy (o-va-re-ek'-to-me) [ovary; Iktout), 
excision]. Excision of an ovary; oophorectomy. 

ovariin (o-var'-e-in). An organotherapeutic prep- 
aration from the ovaries of cows; used in ovarian 
disorders. Dose 15-24 gr. (1.0-1.6 Gm.) 3 times 
daily in pills. 

ovarin {o'-var-in). The sterilized extract of the 
ovaries of the pig; used in diseases of women, sterility, 
etc. 

ovario- (o-va-re-o-) [ovarium, ovary]. A prefix 
denoting relation to the ovary. 

ovariocele (o-va'-re-o-sel) [ovario-; k^Xj/, tumor]. 
Tumor of the ovary; hernia of an ovary. 0., vaginal, 
invasion of the vaginal wall by one or both ovaries. 

ovariocentesis (o-va-re-o-sen-te'-sis) [ovario-; Kkv-rq- 
<ris, puncture]. Puncture of the ovary or Of an ovari- 
an cyst. 

ovariocyesis (o-va-re-o-si-e'-sis) [ovario-; K\rr\ats, 
pregnancy]. Ovarian pregnancy. 

ovariodysneuria (o-va-re-o-dis-nu'-re-ah) [ovario-; 
Svs, painful; vevpov, nerve]. Ovarian neuralgia. 

ovarioepilepsy (o-va-re-o-ep'-il-ep-se). See hystero- 
epilepsy. 

ovariohysterectomy {o-va-re-o-his-ter-ek'-to-me) [ova- 
rio-; varepa, womb; licTop.fi, excision]. Surgical re- 
moval of the ovaries and uterus. 

ovarioncus (o-va-re-ong'-kus) [ovario-; 07 kos, tu- 
mor]. An ovarian tumor. 

ovariorrhexis (o-va-re-or-eks'-is) [ovario-; pyt-is, 
rupture]. Rupture of an ovary. 

ovariosalpingectomy (o-va-re-o-sal-pin-jek'-to-me) . 
See oophorosalpingectomy. 

ovariosteresis (o-va-re-o-ster-e'-sis) [ovario-; o-rkpt]- 
<m, deprivation]. Extirpation of an ovary. 

ovariostomy (o-va-re-os'-to-me). See oophorostomy. 

ovariotomist (o-va-re-ot'-o-mist) [see ovariotomy]. 
One who performs ovariotomy. 

ovariotomy (o-va-re-ot'-o-me) [ovario-; ropA\, a 
cutting]. Literally, incision of an ovary. As 
generally used, removal of an ovary; oophorectomy. 
o., normal, the removal of an ovary that is free 
from disease. Syn., Battey's operation. 

ovariotubal {o-va-re-o-tu'-bal) [ovario-; tuba, 
tube]. Pertaining to the ovary and the oviduct. 

ovaritis (o-var-i'-tis) . See oophoritis. 

ovarium (o-va'-re-um) [L., ovary: pi., ovaria]. 
An ovary or oophoron. 

ovary (o'-var-e) [ovarium, an egg-holder, from 
ovum, egg]. One of a pair of glandular organs giving 
rise to ova. It consists of a fibrous framewoik 
or stroma, in which are embedded the Graafian 
follicles, and is surrounded by a serous covering 
derived from the peritoneum. 

ovaserum (o-va-se'-rum). The serum of an animal 
which has acquired specific precipitating action by 
the inoculation of egg-albumen; it may be used as a 
test for egg-albumen. 

overbite. Lack of coaptation of upper and lower 
teeth. 

overcrowding. The dwelling together of too 
many persons in a locality, house, or apartment, 
with the consequent failure in sanitary and hygienic 
arrangements, whence result conditions favorable to 
the development and spread of certain diseases. 

overeat. To surfeit with eating. 

overextension. Excessive extension; extension 
beyond the normal point or line. 

overfeed. To feed to excess. 

overflow (o'-ver-flo). A continuous escape of 
liquid. 

overtone. A harmonic tone heard above the funda- 
mental tone. 

overgrown. Grown too large. 

overlaid. Said of a child suffocated by the parent 
lying on it. 

overlying of children. A frequent cause of death 
in infants from suffocation from one of the parents 
lying upon the child while in an intoxicated condition 
or intentionally. 

overmaximal. Beyond the normal maximum, as 
the over-maximal contraction of a muscle. 

overpressure. Applied chiefly to the school- 
system that forces too long and continuous periods 
of study upon the pupils, with consequent unhealthy 
conditions of mind and body. 
22 



overreach. To strike the toe of the hind-foot 
against the heel or shoe of the fore-foot; said of a 
horse. 

overriding (o-ver-ri'-ding). The slipping of an 
end of a fractured bone over the other fragment. 

oversight. See hypermetropia. 

overstrain. To strain to excess; a condition 
resulting from exhausting effort. 

overtoe. A variety of hallux varus in which the 
great toe overlies its fellows. 

overtone. A harmonic tone heard above the fun- 
damental tone. 

overtones. The notes represented by the vibrating 
subdivisions of a string; harmonics. 

overwork, mental. See parathymia. 

ovi- [ovum]. A prefix denoting relating to the 
ovum. 

ovicapsule (o-vik-ap'-sill) [ovi-; capsula, capsule]. 
An egg-case, ovisac, or Graafian follicle. 

ovicell (o' -vis-el) [ovi-; cella, a cell]. An un- 
impregnated ovum. 

oviducal, oviducent (o-vid-u'-kal, o-ve-du'-sent) 
[ovi-; ducere, to lead]. Pertaining to the oviduct, or 
its functions. 

oviduct (o'-vid-ukt) [ovi-; ductus, a canal]. The 
Fallopian tube; a small tube upon each side of the 
uterus, through which the ovule passes to the uterus. 

oviferous (o-vif'-er-us) [ovi-; ferre, to bear]. Pro- 
ducing or bearing ova. 

ovification (o-vif-ik-a'-shun) [see oviferous]. The 
production of ova. 

oviform (o'-vif-orm) [ovi-; forma, form]. Egg- 
shaped; oval. 

ovigenous (o-vij'-en-us) [ovi-; yevys, producing]. 
Producing ova, as an ovary, o. layer, the outer 
layer of the ovary, in which the ovisacs containing 
the ova are situated. 

ovigerm (o'-vij-erm) [ovi-; germen, sprout; bud]. 
A cell producing or developing into an ovum. 

ovigerous (o-vij'-er-us) [ovi-; gerere, to carry]. 
Producing or carrying ova. 

ovination {o-vin-a'-shun) [ovis, a sheep]. Inocula- 
tion with the virus of sheep-pox. 

oviparous (o-vip'-ar-us) [ovi-; par ere, to bring 
forth]. Laying eggs; bringing forth young in the 
egg-stage of development. 

oviposit (o-vip-oz'-it) [ovi-; ponere, to place]. 
To lay or deposit eggs, especially with an ovipositor, 
as an insect. 

oviposition (o-vip-o-zish'-un) [ovi-; ponere, to place]. 
The act of laying or depositing eggs by the females of 
oviparous animals. 

ovipositor (o-vip-oz'-it-or) [ovi-; positor, placer]. 
An organ, common among insects, composed of 
several modified rings of somites, forming the end of 
the abdomen, and employed in depositing the eggs 
in places fit for development. 

oviprotogen (o-vi-pro'-to-jen). A proprietary 
dietetic, said to be a methylene compound of al- 
bumin, given in milk to infants, and used hypo- 
dermatically also. 

ovis (o'-vis) [L.]. Sheep. 

ovisac (o'-vis-ak) [ovi-; saccus, sac]. The capsule 
of an ovum; a Graafian follicle. 

oviscapt (o'-vis-kapt) [ovi-; aKawreip, to dig]. 
.Same as ovipositor. 

ovi vitellus (o'-vi vi-tel'-lus). Latin for yolk of egg; 
used in pharmacy as an emulsifying agent. 

ovo-. The same as ovi-. 

ovoblast (o'-vo-blast) [ovo-; fiXco-ros, germ]. The 
primordial ovum. 

ovocenter {o'-vo-sen-ter) [ovo-; center]. The centro- 
some of the ovarian egg during fertilization. 

ovocyte (o'-vo-stt). The same as oocyte. 

ovoferrin {o-vo-fer'-in). Trade name of a prepara- 
tion of organic iron. 

ovogal (o'-vo-gal). Trade name of a proprietary 
cholagogue. 

ovogenesis (o-vo-jen'-es-is) [ovo-; ykvecns, genesis]. 
The process of the development or production of 
the ovum. 

ovoglobulin (o-vo-glob'-u-lin) [ovo-; globulin]. The 
globulin of white of egg. 

ovogonium. See oogonium. 

ovoid (o'-void) [ovo-; e!5os, like]. Egg-shaped. 
o., fetal, the fetal ellipse, or the ellipse formed by 
the bending of the fetal body in the uterus. 

ovolecithin (o-vo-les'-ith-in). See lecithin. 

ovomucin (o-vo-mu'-sin). A glycoproteid com- 
posing about 7 % of the proteid matter of egg-white. 



OVOMUCOID 



642 



OXYGEN 



ovomucoid (o-vo-mu'-koid). A glycoproteid ob- 
tained from white of egg. 

ovoplasm (o'-vo-plazm) [ovo-; plasm]. The proto- 
plasm of the unimpregnated ovum or ovicell. 

ovos (o'-vos). A proprietary substitute for meat- 
extract, prepared from yeast. 

ovovitellin (o-vo-vit-el'-in). A protein contained in 
yolk of egg; a white, granular substance, soluble in 
dilute acids, alkalies, and a 10 % solution of common 
salt. 

ovoviviparous (o-vo-vi-vip'-ar-us) [ovo-; viviparus, 
bringing forth alive]. Reproducing by means of 
eggs hatched within the body. 

ovula (o'-vil-lah) [L.]. Plural of ovulum. o. of 
Naboth. See ovule. 

ovular (o'-vu-lar) [ubv, ovum, egg]. Relating to 
an ovule or ovum. 

ovulation {ov-u-la'-shun) [ovulum, dim. of ovum]. 
The maturation and escape of the ovum. 

ovule {ov'-ul) [ovum], i. The ovum before its 
escape from the Graafian vesicle. 2. A small egg; 
especially a small, egg-like body, as the ovule of 
Naboth, one of the small cysts resulting from ob- 
struction of the ducts of the glands of the cervix 
uteri, o., migration of, the transfer of the ovule 
from the ovary to the oviduct. 

ovulum {o'-vu-lum) [L.: pi., ovula]. An ovule. 
See ovule. 

ovum (o'-vum) [L., "an egg": pi., ova]. The re- 
productive cell of an animal or vegetable; an egg. A 
human ovum is a cell consisting of a large amount of 
protoplasm (vitellus) and a large spherical nucleus, the 
germinal vesicle, within which is a bright spot, the 
nucleolus, or germinal spot. It is surrounded by an 
inner zone, the zona pellucida, and an outer, the 
vitelline membrane, o., alecithal, one in which the 
food-yolk is entirely absent or present only in very 
small quantity. 0., apoplectic, one the seat of a 
hemorrhagic extravasation, o., blighted, an im- 
pregnated ovum the development of which has been 
arrested by disease or by hemorrhage into the chorion 
or amniotic cavity, o., centrolecithal, one in which 
the formative yolk is arranged in a regular layer 
around the whole ovum, as well as in a mass at the 
center in which lies the germinal vesicle, o., holo- 
blastic, one in which the food-yolk is scant and more 
or less thoroughly intermingled with the formative 
yolk, and in which germination is accompanied by a 
practically uniform segmentation, o., meroblastic, 
an ovum with a large amount of food-yolk that takes 
no active part in the development of the embryo. 
o., permanent, a fully developed ovum ready for 
fertilization, o., telolecithal, one in which the food- 
yolk and the formative yolk divide the egg into 
two hemispheres, or in which the quantity of the 
nutritive yolk is greatly in excess. 

oxacid (oks'-as-id). See oxyacid. 

oxalate (oks'-al-at) [oxalis]. A salt of oxalic acid. 

oxalemia, oxalaemia (oks-al-e'-me-ah) [6£aX«, sorrel; 
alfia, blood]. Excess of the oxalates, or of oxalic acid, 
in the blood. 

oxalethylin (oks-al-eth'-il-in) C6H10N2. An oily 
liquid boiling at 213 C. It is soluble in water, in 
chloroform, and in alcohol, is poisonous, and stimulant 
to the cardiac centers. 

oxalic acid (oks-al'-ik). See acid, oxalic. 

oxalism (oks'-al-izm). Poisoning by oxalic acid 
or potassium binoxalate. It is characterized by 
gastroenteritis with nephritis, collapse, cyanosis, 
mydriasis, labored breathing and dyspnea. 

oxalium (oks-a'-le-um). Potassium binoxalate. 

oxaluria (oks-al-u'-re-ah) [oxalis; ovpov, urine]. 
The presence of an excessive amount of calcium 
oxalate in the urine. 

oxalylurea (oks-a-lil-u-re'-ah) [oxalic; urea]. Para- 
banic acid, a substance produced by oxidizing uric 
acid or alloxan with nitric acid. 

oxaphor (oks'-a-for). A 50 % alcoholic solution of 
oxycamphor; used in dyspnea. Dose 15 min. (1 Cc.) 
2 or 3 times daily. 

oxatyl (oks'-at-il). See carboxyl. 

oxhydryl (oks-hi'-dril). Same as hydroxyl. 

oxide, oxid (oks'-ld, or oks'-id) [6£ijs, sharp]. A 
binary compound of oxygen and another element or 
radical, o., acid, an oxide which produces an acid 
when combined with water; an anhydride, o., basic, 
an oxide which produces a base when combined with 
water, o., indifferent, o., neutral, an oxide which 
is neither acid nor basic, o., saline, (1) same as 



o., indifferent or neutral; (2) an oxide which is formed 
by the union of an acid and a basic oxide. 

oxidant (oks'-id-ant) [oxide]. An oxidizing agent. 

oxidase (oks'-id-as). The inherent substance of 
the living cell-nucleus that possesses the power of 
setting free active oxygen. Columnar epithelium 
and glandular tissue are rich in oxidase. 

oxidation (oks-id-a'-shun) [oxide]. The act or 
process of combining with oxygen. 

oxidize (oks'-i-diz). To combine or to cause to 
combine with oxygen. 

oximes (pks'-lmz). A series of chemical compounds 
for the most part the product of the action of hy- 
droxy lamine upon aldehydes and ketones. 

oxols (pks'-olz). A collective name for antiseptic 
fluid mixtures of a 3 % solution of hydrogen dioxide, 
32 to 38 % alcohol, and 1 % naphthol, menthol, or 
other substance. Cf . camphoroxol ; menthoxol ; naph- 
thoxol. 

oxolyin (oks-ol'-e-in) [6£vs, sharp; \veiv, to dis- 
solve]. According to Le Conte, that one of two 
substances contained in globulin, casein, albumin, 
and fibrin which dissolves in glacial acetic acid. 
Cf. anoxoluin. 

oxy- (oks-e-) [6£vs, sour; sharp]. 1. A prefix 
denoting sharp or acid. 2. A prefix denoting com- 
bined with oxygen. 

oxyacanthine (oks-e-ak-an'-then) [oxy-; a.Kav9a, 
spine], C32H28NO11 (?). An alkaloid of barberry, 
occurring in small quantities. 

oxyacid (oks'-e-as-id). Any acid containing oxy- 
gen. 

oxyacusis (oks-e-ak-u'-sis). Synonym of hyper- 
acusis. 

oxyesthesia (oks-e-es-the'-ze-ah). See oxyesthesia. 

oxyakoia, oxyacoa (oks-e-a-koi'-ah, oks-e-a-ko' -ah) 
oxy- ; &Kori, hearing]. Increased acuteness of hearing. 

oxyaphia (pks-e-a'-je-ah) [d£vs, acute; a<f>-h, touch]. 
Abnormal acuteness of the sense of touch. 

oxyarteritis (oks-e-ar-ter-i'-tis) [oxy-; arteritis]. 
An acute arteritis. 

oxyarthritis (oks-e-ar-thri'-tis) [oxy-; arthritis]. 
An acute arthritis. 

oxyblepsia (oks-e-blep'-se-ah) [oxy-; fikkireiv, to see]. 
Acuteness of vision. 

oxybolia (oks-e-bo'-le-ah) [6£vs, quick; £0X17 , a 
throw]. Premature ejaculation of semen. 

oxybromide (oks-e-bro'-mid). A compound of an 
element or radical with oxygen and bromine. 

oxybutyric acid {oks-e-bu-tir'-ik) [oxy-; butyrum, 
butter], C4H8O3. A fatty acid found in the urine in 
certain fevers and in diabetes. Its presence in the 
body in diabetes, simultaneously with that of diacetic 
acid, is supposed to be the cause of diabetic coma. 

oxycamphor (oks-e-kam'-for), CioHisO(OH). An 
oxidation-product of camphor. It is used in dyspnea. 
Dose 8-16 gr. (0.5-1.0 Gm.) 2 or 3 times daily. 

oxycephalia {oks-is-ef-a' -le-ah) [oxy-; Ke4>a\rj, head]. 
The character of a skull that is high and pointed; 
hypsicephaly. 

oxycephalus (oks-is-ef'-al-us). See oxycephalia. 

oxycephaly (oks-is-ef'-al-e). See oxycephalia. 

oxychinaseptol (oks-e-kin-ah-sep' -tol) . See diaph- 
therin. 

oxychinolin (oks-e-kin'-o-lin). See oxyquinolin. 

oxychloride (oks-e-klo'-rid) [oxy-; xXcopos, green]. 
A compound of a basic element or radical with both 
oxygen and chlorine. 

oxy chromatin (oks-e-kro' -mat-in). That part of 
the chromatin having an affinity for acid dyes. 

oxycinesis (oks-is-in-e'-sis) . Same as acrocinesis. 

oxydases (oks'-e-da-ses). See ferment, oxidation, 
and oxidase. 

oxydendron (oks-e-den'-dron) [oxy-; bkvbpov, tree]. 
The leaves of the sorrel tree, Oxydendrum arbor eum; 
used in ascites and disturbed portal circulation. 

oxydol (oks'-ed-ol). A solution of hydrogen 
dioxide. 

oxydum (oks'-id-um). See oxide. 

oxyecoia (oks-e-e-koi'-ah). Synonym of oxyakoia. 

oxyencephalitis (oks-e-en-sef-al-i'-tis) [oxy-; iyn&p- 
aXos, brain; ins, inflammation]. Acute enceph- 
alitis. 

oxy endocarditis (oks-e-en-do-kar-di'-tis) [oxy- ; endo- 
carditis]. Acute endocarditis. 

oxyesthesia {oks-e-es-the'-ze-ah) [oxy-; al^drjais, 
sensation]. A condition of increased acuity of sensi- 
bility. 

oxygen (oks'-ij-en) [6£i>$, acid; yewav, to produce]. 
A colorless, tasteless, odorless gas, one of the non- 



OXYGENATED 



643 



OZOSTOMIA 



metallic elements, having an atomic weight of 16.00; 
quantivalence II; symbol O, and constituting one- 
fifth of the atmosphere, eight-ninths of water, three- 
fourths of organized bodies, and about one-half the 
crust of the globe; it supports combustion, and is 
essential to the respiration of animals and plants. 
It combines with most elements, its combination 
with the nonmetallic substances giving rise to acids 
{oxyacids). It has been employed by inhalation in 
the treatment of pneumonia, pulmonary tuberculosis, 
grave anemias, asphyxia, and poisoning by opium. 
o.-carrier, a katalytic substance capable of absorbing 
molecules of oxygen and then of splitting these to 
give off atomic oxygen; the nucleoproteids are the 
oxygen-carriers of living matter. 

oxygenated (oks' -e-jen-a-ted) [oxygen]. Containing 
or impregnated with oxygen. 

oxygenation {oks-ij-en-a'-shun) [oxy-; yewav, to 
produce]. The saturation of a substance with oxy- 
gen, either by chemical combination or by mixture. 

oxygeusia {oks-ig-W -se-ah) [oxy-; -yeOa-is, taste]. 
Marked acuteness of the sense of taste. 
* oxyhaloid {oks-e-hal'-oid) [oxy-; haloid]. A com- 
pound of an element or radical with oxygen and a 
halogen. 

oxyhematoporphyrin, oxyhaematoporphyrin {oks-e- 
hem-at-o-por' -fir-iri) . A peculiar substance found in 
urine and closely allied to urohematoporphyrin, but 
producing a red instead of an orange color. 

oxyhemoglobin, oxyhemoglobin {oks-e-hem-o-glo' - 
bin) [oxygen; hemoglobin]. Oxidized hemoglobin; that 
found in arterial blood. 

oxyhydrogen (oks-e-hi'-dro-jen) [oxy-; hydrogen]. 
A mixture, in gaseous form of oxygen and hydrogen. 
o. blowpipe, a blowpipe in which the heat is obtained 
by the combustion of a mixture of oxygen and hydro- 
gen. The heat produced is intense. 

oxyiodide {oks-e-i'-o-did) [oxy-; iodine]. A salt 
formed by the combination of an element with both 
oxygen and iodine. 

oxyleukotin {oks-il-u'-ko-tin) [oxy-; \&jk6s, white], 
C34H32O12. A substance found in paracotobark. 

oxymel (oks'-im-el) [oxy-; p.k\i, honey]. 1. A 
mixture of honey and vinegar or dilute acetic acid. 
2. Any preparation containing honey and vinegar 
(or acetic acid) as a vehicle, as oxymel of squill. 

oxymethylene {oks-e-meth' -il-en) . Formaldehyde. 

oxynetirine {oks-in-u'-ren). See betaine. 

oxyntic (oks-in'-tik) [6£6s, acid]. Secreting acid. 
0. cells, cells of the fundus glands of stomach, sup- 
posed to* secrete hydrochloric acid. o. gland, any 
acid-secreting gland. 

oxyntin (oks-in' -tin) . Trade name of a preparation 
said to contain 5 per cent, of hydrochloric acid in 
combination with albumin. 

oxyopia (oks-e-o'-pe-ah) [oxy-; ib\J/, eye]. Increased 
acuity of vision. 

oxyosphrasia (oks-e-os-fra'-ze-ah). Same as oxy- 
osphresia. 

oxyosphresia (oks-e-os-fre'-ze-ah) [oxy-; bo-<j>pt]ais, 
smell]. Marked or abnormal acuteness of smell. 

oxypathy {oks-ip' -ath-e) [oxy-; ttoBos, suffering]. 
A constitutional condition due to faulty elimination 
of unoxidized acids which unite with fixed alkalies of 
the body. Cf. arthrilism, lithemia. 

oxyphenylethylamine {oks-e-fen-il-eth-il'-am-in) . 
A product of pancreatic digestion. 

oxyphenylsulphonic acid test for albumin. Make 
a solution of 3 parts of oxyphenylsulphonic acid, 1 
part salicylsulphonic acid, water 20 parts. To 1 
drop of this add 1 Cc. of urine, and in the presence of 
albumin a white, transparent precipitate will be 
formed. 

oxyphil, oxyphile {oks'-if-il) [oxy-; <j>L\os, loving]. 
Histological elements that attract acid dyes. 

oxyphonia {oks-if-o' -ne-ah) [oxy-; <f>wvi), voice]. 
Shrillness of voice. 

oxypodia {oks-e-po' -de-ah) . See talipes equinus. 

oxypropylenediisoamylamine (oks-e-pro-pil- en-di- 
is-o-am-il' -am-in) . A synthetic alkaloid occurring 
as a clear fluid, soluble in alcohol, ether, or oils, 
insoluble in water, with action similar to atropine. 

oxypurin {oks-e-pu'-rin). Any compound derived 
from purin by the addition of one or more atoms of 
oxygen. 



oxyquinaseptol {oks-e-kwin-ah-sep'-tol). Same as 
diaphtherin. 

oxyquinolin {oks-e-kwin' -o-lin) , C9H7NO. A com- 
pound prepared by digesting quinolin with a bleaching 
lime-solution. Syn., carbostyril. 

oxyregmia {oks-ir-eg' -me-ah) [oxy-; ipvyfios, eruc- 
tation]. Acid eructation. 

oxyrhine {oks'-ir-in) [oxy-; pis, nose]. Possessing 
a sharp-pointed nose, or snout; having an acute 
olfactory sense. 

oxysalt {oks'-e-sawlt) [oxy-; salt], A salt of an 
oxyacid. 

oxysepsin {oks-e-sep'-sin). An oxidized toxin pre- 
pared from cultures of Bacillus tuberculosis. 

oxysparteine {oks-e-spar' -te-in) [oxy-; spartein]. 
A derivative of sparteine; it is a cardiac stimulant. 
o. hydrochloride, C15H24N2O . 2HCI, is used hypo- 
dermatically in heart disease. Dose f-i§ gr. (0.05- 
0.1 Gm.). 

oxyspore (oks'-e-spor). See exotospore. 

oxytocic (oks-e-tos'-ik) [oxy-; tokos, labor]. 1. 
Hastening parturition. 2. A drug that hastens 
parturition. 

oxytoxin {oks-e-toks'-in). An oxidized toxin. 

oxytuberculin {oks-e-tu-ber' -ku-lin) . An oxidized 
tuberculin. Dose 5 dr. (20 Cc.) daily. 

oxyuricide {oks-e-u' -ris-id) [oxyuris; ccedere, to 
kill]. Any anthelmintic that is destructive to worms 
of the genus Oxyuris, or pinworms. 

oxyurid {oks-e-u' -rid) . A pinworm; see Oxyuris 
vermicularis. 

Oxyuris {oks-e-u' -ris) [oxy-; ovpd, tail]. A genus 
of nematode worms — the pinworms. O. vermicu- 
laris, the common seatworm or pinworm infesting the 
• rectum of children. 

oxyvaseline {oks-e-vas' -el-en). Vasogen. 

oxyzymol {oks-e-zi' -mol) . See carvacrol. 

oz. Abbreviation for ounce. 

ozalin {o'-za-lin). A proprietary disinfectant con- 
sisting of a mixture of sulphates of calcium, mag- 
nesium, and iron with caustic soda and magnesia. 

ozena, ozcena {o-ze'-nah) [o^eiv, to smell]. Chronic 
disease of the nose accompanied by a fetid discharge, 
and depending on atrophic rhinitis, syphilitic ulcera- 
tion, or caries. 

ozocerite, ozokerite {o-zo-se'-rit, o-zo-ke'-rit) [6f«v, 
to smell; Ktjpos, wax]. A solid paraffin found free in 
Galicia and Rumania, and used in diseases of the skin. 

ozochrotia {o-zo-kro' -she-ah) [6£etp, to smell; xp&s, 
skin]. An offensive odor of the skin. 

ozochrotous {o-zok'-ro-tus) [6^77, stench; xp<«*. 
skin]. Having a bad-smelling skin. 

ozomulsion {o-zo-muV -shun) . Trade name of a 
preparation of ozonized cod-liver oil and guaiacol: 
recommended in tuberculosis and other wasting 



ozonator {o'-zo-na-tor). An apparatus for gener- 
ating ozone. 

ozone {o'-zone) [o^eiv, to smell]. An allotropic 
form of oxygen, the molecule of which consists of 
three atoms. It occurs free in the atmosphere, and 
is a powerful oxidizing agent. In medicine it is 
employed as a disinfectant. 

ozonization {o-zo-niz-a' -shun) [ozone]. The act of 
ozonizing, or of impregnating with ozone. 

ozonized {o'-zo-ntzd) [ozone]. Containing ozone. 

ozonoform {o-zo' -no-form). A proprietary disin- 
fectant said to consist of ozone and a distillate of 
the fir tree. 

ozonometer {o-zo-nom' -et-er) [ozone; ukrpov, mea- 
sure]. A device for use in estimating the proportion 
of ozone in the atmosphere. 

ozonometry {o-zo-nom' -et-re) [ozone; fiirpov, mea- 
sure]. The estimation of the amount of ozone in the 
atmosphere. 

ozonophore {o-zo' -no- for) [ozone; <pkpeiv, to bear]. 
1. A granule of cell-protoplasm. 2. A red blood- 
corpuscle. 

ozonoscope {o-zo'-no-skop) [ozone; a-Koirelp, to 
view]. A test-paper saturated with starch and 
iodine used in determining the amount of ozone in 
the air. 

ozostomia {o-zo-sto' -me-ah) [ofeu/, to smell; vrona, 
mouth]. A foul odor from the mouth or on the 
breath. 



P. i. The chemical symbol for phosphorus. 
2. An abbreviation for pharmacopeia, position and 
punctum proximum (near-point). 

p. An abbreviation for para. 

pabular (pab'-u-lar) [pabulum, food]. Of, per- 
taining to, or of the nature of, pabulum. 

pabulin (pab'-u-lin) [pabulum, food]. An al- 
buminous and fatty substance present in the blood 
immediately after the process of digestion. 

pabulum (pab'-u-lum) [L.]. Food; anything 
nutritive. 

Pacchionian bodies, P. glands (pak-e-o'-ne-an) 
[Antonio Pacchioni, Italian anatomist, 1665-1726]. 
Hypertrophied villi of the arachnoid, occupying the 
convex surface of the meninges, chiefly along the 
superior longitudinal sinus and over the convexity 
of the cerebrum. P. depressions, the depressions 
produced by the Pacchionian bodies on the inner 
surface of the skull. P. foramen, the opening in the 
tentorium for the passage of the encephalic isthmus. 

pachemia, pachsemia (pak-e'-me-ah). Synonym of 
pachyemia. 

pachismus (pak-iz'-mus) [pachy-]. Thickening; 
induration. 

pachometer (pak-om'-et-ur) [pachy-; p.krpov, a 
measure]. An instrument made in various forms for 
measuring the thickness of a body. 

pachulosis (pak-ii-lo'-sis). See pachylosis. 

pachy- (pak-e-) [iraxvs, thick]. A prefix meaning 
thick. 

pachyacria (pak-e-ak'-re-ah) [pachy-; anpos, ex- 
tremity]. Synonym of akromegaly. 

pachyaemia (pak-e-e'-me-ah). See pachyemia. 

pachyblepharon (pak-e-blef'-a-ron) [pachy-; fi\k<pa- 
pov, the eyelid]. Thickening of the eyelids. 

pachyblepharosis (pak-e-blef-ar-o'-sis) [pachy-; 
fi\tcj>a.pov, eyelid]. Chronic thickening and induration 
of the eyelids. 

pachycephalia (pak-e-sef-a'-le-ah). See pachy - 
cephaly. 

pachycephalic (pak-e-sef-al'-ik) [pachy-; Ke<f>a\ri, 
head]. Having unusual thickness of the skull. 

pachycephalous (pak-e-sef'-al-us) [pachy-; Kt<j>akr), 
head]. One having a thick skull from union of the 
parietal and occipital bones. 

pachycephaly (pak-e-sef'-al-e) [pachy-; ne<pa\ii, 
head]. Abnormal thickness of the skull. 

pachychilia (pak-e-ki' -le-ah) [pachy-; x«Xos, lip]. 
Increased thickness of one or both lips. 

pachycholia (pak-e-ko' -le-ah) [pachy-; x^M. bile]. 
An inspissated condition of the bile. 

pachychymia (pak-e-ki' -me-ah) [pachy-; xvpos, 
juice]. Increased concentration of the fluids of the 
body. 

pachydactyl (pak-e-dak'-lil) [pachy-; SoktvXos, 
finger]. A thick digit. 

pachydactylia (pak-e-dak-tiV -e-ah) [pachy-; SoktvXos, 
a finger]. A condition characterized by great thick- 
ness of the fingers. 

pachydactylous (pak-e-dak'-til-us) [pachy-; SoktvXos, 
finger]. Having thick fingers. 

pachyderm (pak'-e-derm) [pachy-; depfia, skin]. 
Thick-skinned. 

pachyderma, pachydermia (pak-e-der'-mah, pak-e- 
der'-me-ah) [pachy-; 8epp.a, skin]. 1. Thickening of 
the skin. 2. Elephantiasis, p. laryngis, extensive 
thickening of the mucous membrane of the larynx. 

pachydermatocele (pak-e-der-mat'-o-sel) [pachy-; 
dermatocele]. A tumor due to thickening of the skin. 

pachydermatosis (pak-e-der-mat-o'-sis) [pachy-; 
dermatosis]. Hypertrophic rosacea. 

pachydermatous (pak-e-der'-mat-us) [pachyderma]. 
Thick-skinned. 

pachyemia, pachyasmia (pak-e-e'-me-ah) [pachy-; 
alua, blood]. Abnormal or morbid thickening of 
the blood. 

pachyemic, pachyemous. Having thick blood. 



pachygastrous {pak-e-gas'-trus) [pachy-; yao-Trjp, 
the belly]. Having a large abdomen. 

pachyglossal, pachyglossate (pak-e-glos'-al, pak-e- 
glos'-at) [pachy-; yXaao-a, tongue]. Having a thick 
tongue. 

pachygnathous (pak-ig'-na-thus) [pachy-; yvados, 
jaw]. Having thick or heavy jaws. 

pachyhymenia (pak-e-hi-me'-ne-ah). See pachy- 
menia. 

pachyleptomeningitis (pak-e-lep-to-men-in-ji'-tis) 
[pachy-; leptomeningitis]. Combined inflammation 
of the pia and dura. 

pachylosis (pak-e-lo'-sis) [iraxvs, thick]. A con- 
dition of the skin, especially of the legs, in which 
it is thick, dry, harsh, and scaly. 

pachymenia (pak-e-me'-ne-ah) [pachy-; vp.rjv, a 
membrane]. Thickening of the skin or of a mem- 
brane. ,' 

pachymenic (pak-e-men'-ik) [pachy-; bpfiPj mem- 
brane]. Affected with pachymenia*. 

pachymeningitic (pak-e-men-in-jit'-ik). Affected 
with, or pertaining to, pachymeningitis. 

pachymeningitis (pak-e-men-in-ji'-tis) [pachy- ; men- 
ingitis]. Inflammation of the dura of the brain 
(cerebral pachymeningitis) or the spinal cord (spinal 
pachymeningitis). p. cervicalis hypertrophica, a 
form of primary inflammation of the spinal dura 
producing pain and partial paralysis of one arm. 
p., external, that affecting the external layer of the 
dura, p., hemorrhagic, p. hemorrhagica interna, 
an effusion of blood on the inner surface of the dura. 
p., internal, that involving the internal layer of the 
dura, p., syphilitic, that due to syphilis. 

pachymeninx (pak-e-me' -ninks) [pachy-; fiijviy^, 
membrane]. The dura. 

pachymeter (pak-im'-et-er) [pachy-; p-erpov, mea- 
sure]. An instrument for measuring small thick- 
nesses. * 

pachynsis (pak-in'-sis) [7raxw<ris, thickening]. 
A thickening, as of a membrane. 

pachyntic (pak-in'-tik) [ttoxvvtikos, making thick]. 
Pertaining to an abnormal thickening or hardening 
of a part; increasing the thickness. 

pachyote (pak'-e-6t) [pachy-; ovs, ear]. Having 
thick ears. 

pachyotous (pak-e-o'-tus) [pachy-; ovs, the ear]. 
Having thick ears. 

pachypelviperitonitis (pak-e-pel-ve-per-it-on-i'-tis) 
[pachy-; pelvis; peritonitis]. Pelvic peritonitis with 
a fibrous deposit over the uterus. 

pachyperitonitis (pak-e-per-it-on-i'-tis) [pachy- ; 
peritonitis]. An inflammation of the peritoneum 
characterized by thickening of the membrane. 

pachypleuritis (pak-e-plu-ri'-tis) [pachy-; pleura; 
ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the pleura, 
with a fibrinous deposit. 

pachypodous, paehypous (pak-ip'-o-dus, pak'-ip-us) 
[pachy-; vovs, foot]. Having very thick feet. 

pachysalpingitis (pak-e-sal-pin-ji'-tis). Chronic 
parenchymatous salpingitis. 

pachysalpingo-oothecitis (pak-e-sal-ping-go-o-o- 
thes-i' -tis) . Same as pachy salpingo-ovaritis. 

pachysalpingo-ovaritis (pak-e-sal-ping-go-o-var-i'- 
tis). Inflammation of the ovary and oviduct with 
thickening of the parts. 

pachysomia (pak-e-so'-me-ah) [pachy- ; a'2p.a, body]. 
Abnormal growth in thickness of the soft parts of the 
body, as in akromegaly. 

pachytes (pak'-it-ez) ■ [pachy-]. Thickness; pachy- 
blepharon. 

pachytic (pak-it'-ik) [iraxvTtis, thickness]. Fat; 
thick; obese; also having the power of thickening 
the fluids of the body. 

pachytrichous (pak-it'-rik-us) [pachy-; Opt!-, the 
hair]. Furnished with thick hair. 

pachyvaginalitis (pak-e-vaj-in-al-i'-tis) [pachy- ; 
vagina; ins, inflammation]. Hemorrhagic inflam- 



PACINI'S FLUID 



645 



PALATINE 



mation of the tunica vaginalis of the testicle, leading 
to hematocele. 

Pacini's fluid (pah-tshe'-ne). A conserving and 
diluting fluid used in counting the red blood-cor- 
puscles: Corrosive sublimate, i part; sodium chloride, 
2 parts; glycerol, 13 parts; distilled water, 113 parts; 
allow it to stand two months. For use, mix one 
part of this solution with three parts of water and 
filter. 

Pacini's method (pah-tshe'-ne). For resuscitating 
asphyxiated infants: the child lying on its back, the 
operator stands at its head and grasps the axillary 
structures, pulling the shoulders forward and up- 
ward to compress the thorax, and allowing them to 
fall in order to expand the chest. 

Pacinian bodies or corpuscles (pah-tshin' -e-an) 
[Filippo Pacini, Italian anatomist, 1812-1883]. 
Elliptical, semitransparent bodies, that occur along 
the nerves supplying_the skin, especially of the hands 
and feet, the external genitalia, the points of the 
extremities, the periosteum of certain bones and many 
other localities in man and other- mammals; the so- 
called corpuscles of Vater, or Krause's corpuscles. 

pack (pak). A blanket, either dry or soaked in 
hot or cold water, and wrapped about the body. 
p., cold, a blanket wrung out of cold water and 
wrapped about the body, p., hot, a blanket wrung 
out of hot water and wrapped about the body. 
p., wet, a blanket wrung out of warm or cold water. 

packer (pak'-er). An instrument for introducing 
tampons or other dressings into a cavity, such as 
the vagina. 

packing (pak'-ing). 1. The act of filling a wound 
or cavity with gauze or other material. 2. The 
material used for filling the cavity. 

Pacquelin cautery. See Paquelin. 

pad. 1. A small bag stuffed with cotton, hair, etc., 
used as a cushion for the support of any part of the 
body. See liver-pad. 2. Also, synonym of compress. 
p. of corpus callosum, the splenium of the callosum. 
p., dinner, a folded towel laid over the region of the 
stomach in applying a plaster-of-Paris jacket, to 
give space for the distention of the stomach by the 
food, p., sucking, a fatty mass situated between the 
masseter and the buccinator muscles; well developed 
in infancy. 

pae-. For words so beginning, see pe-. 

Page's disease (paj). See Erichsen's disease. 

pageism (pa'-jizm) [pagius, a servant]. A mani- 
festation of masochism in which the individual 
affected revels in the idea of being a page to a beauti- 
ful girl. 

Pagenstecher's ointment (pah'-gen-stek-er) [Alex- 
ander Pagenstecher, German ophthalmologist, 1828- 
1879]. An ointment used in ophthalmic practice. 
It consists of from one to three grains of the yellow 
oxide of mercury to the dram of vaselin. P.'s 
thread, a flax thread coated with celluloid. 

Paget's abscess (paj'-et) [Sir James Paget, English 
surgeon, 1814-1899]. A residual abscess. P.'s 
disease. 1. Malignant dermatitis, attacking most 
often the nipple and areola. 2. Osteitis deformans; 
hypertrophic deforming osteitis. P.'s recurrent 
fibroid, spindle-celled sarcoma of the subcutaneous 
tissue. 

pagiorrheumatism (paj-e-or-roo'-mat-izm) [71-07105, 
film; rheumatism]. Chronic rheumatism. 

pagoplexia (pa-go-pleks'-e-ah) [-Kayos, frost; w\ij^i.s, 
stroke]. Frost-bite; numbness due to cold. See 
frost-bite. 

paidology (pi-dol'-o-je). That branch of medical 
science treating of childhood. 

paidonosology (pi-don-os-ol'-o-je) [irals, child; 
voo-os, disease; \6yos, science]. The science of dis- 
eases of children; pediatrics. 

pain (pan) [pcena, punishment; pain]. 1. Bodily 
suffering due to irritation of a sensory nerve, or 
possibly, in rare cases, to changes in the central 
nervous system. 2. One of the rhythmic contractions 
of the uterus during labor, p., after-, that following 
labor, and caused by the uterus contracting to expel 
clots, etc. p., bearing-down, pain with a sensation 
of dragging or bearing down of the pelvic organs, 
occurring in labor and in various inflammatory 
affections of the female pelvic organs, p., boring, 
severe pain of a boring character, p., false, that 
occurring in the latter part of pregnancy and re- 
sembling labor pain, although not immediately fol- 
lowed by labor, p., fulgurant, p., fulgurating, the in- 
tense shooting pain affecting principally the limbs of 



patients suffering from locomotor ataxia. Syn., 
lancinating pain, p., girdle-, a painful sensation as 
of a cord tied about the waist; it is a symptom of 
organic disease of the spinal cord, p., growing, a 
popular term for the soreness about the joints in 
young persons at puberty. Some attribute it to 
increased vascularity of the epiphyses of long bones; 
others, to rheumatism, p.-joy, hysterical enjoyment 
of , suffering, p., labor. See pain (2). p., lanci- 
nating. See p., fulgurant. p., osteocopic, the bone- 
ache that characteiizes syphilis, p., referred, pain 
situated in a part more or less remote from the 
cause of the pain, p., starting, pain caused by a 
spasmodic contraction of the muscles just before the 
onset of sleep. It occurs in joint diseases when 
the cartilages are ulcerated, p., terebrating, p., 
terebrant, boring pain. 

painful (pan'-ful). Characterized by pain. p. 
heel. See pododynia and achillodynia. 

painless (pan'-les). Without pain. p. tic. See 
under tic. 

painter's colic. Lead colic. 

pair (par). Two similar organs, one right and the 
other left, occupying the same relative position on 
either side of the body; as a pair of nerves. 

Pajot's hook (pazj'-o) [Charles Pajot, French 
obstetrician, 1816-1896]. A hook used in decapi- 
tating the fetus; see P.'s method. P.'s law, the 
law governing the rotating movements of the child 
during labor. It is expressed as follows: When a 
solid body is contained within another, if the re- 
ceptacle is the seat of alternations of movement 
and repose, and its surfaces are slippery and but 
slightly angular, the contained body will tend in- 
creasingly to accommodate its form and dimensions 
to the form and capacity of the receptacle. P.'s 
maneuver. Same as P.'s method. P.'s method, a 
method of decapitation of the fetus in embryotomy. 
It consists in passing a strong cord around a groove 
in a hook which is passed over the child's neck, 
and by a sawing movement cutting through the parts. 
The vagina should be protected by a speculum. 

pala (pa'-lah) [L., a "spade"]. 1. A thin lamella 
connecting the fimbria and the tenia of the brain. 
It has a shape like the blade of a turf-cutter. 2. 
[Native Hawaiian.] The Hawaiian word for syphilis. 

Paladino's phonophore (pal-ah-de'-noz fo'-no-for). 
An instrument to facilitate hearing, consisting in a 
rod which connects the larynx of the speaker with the 
teeth of the listener. 

palaeo- (pa'-le-o-) [irahaios, old]. A prefix denoting 
old, early, long ago, etc. For words thus beginning 
see paleo-. 

palatal (pal'-at-al) [palate]. Pertaining to the 
palate. 

palate (pal'-at) [palatum, palate]. The roof of 
the mouth. It is composed of the hard palate, formed 
by the palatal processes of the superior maxillary 
bones and the palatal bones, and the soft palate, 
or velum palati, consisting of an aggregation of 
muscles — the tensor palati, azygos uvulae, palato- 
glossus, and palatopharyngeus. p., artificial, a 
plate of hard material used as an obturator to close 
a fissure in the palate, p. bone, an L-shaped bone 
back of the nasal fossae; it helps to form the floor 
and outer wall of the nose, roof of the mouth, and 
floor of the orbit; also sphenomaxillary and pterygoid 
fossae and the sphenomaxillary fissure, p., cleft, 
a congenital deformity characterized by incomplete 
closure of the lateral halves of the palate. The soft 
palate and the uvula, the hard palate, or all together 
may be involved, p., hard. See palate, p.-hook, 
an instrument used in rhinoscopy, p.-myograph, 
an instrument for taking a tracing of the movements 
of the soft palate, p. plates, the horizontal portions 
of the superior maxilla that unite to form the hard 
palate. _ p., soft. See palate. 

palatic (pal-at'-ik) [palatum, the palate]. Palatal; 
palatine. 

palatiform (pal-at'-if-orm) [palatum, palate; forma, 
form]. Resembling the palate. 

palatine (pal'-a-tin) [palate]. 1. Pertaining to the 
palate, as the palatine arteries. 2. Conveying the 
palatine vessels or nerves, p. arches, the arches 
posterior and anterior, upon each side of the beginning 
of the pharynx, p. bone, the palate bone. p. canals, 
several canals in the palatal portion Of the supe- 
rior maxilla. p. fossa, a small fossa immediately 
behind the upper incisor teeth. p. glands. See 
gland. 



PALATINOID 



646 



PALPATION 



palatinoid (pal-at'-in-oid). Tiade name of a gelatin 
capsule used for the administration of unpalatable 
drugs. 

palatitis (pal-al-i'-tis) [palatum, palate; inj, in- 
flammation]. Inflammation of the palate. 

palato- (pal-a-to-) [palate]. A prefix denoting rela- 
tion to the palate. 

palatoglossal (pal-a-to-glos'-al) [palato-; y\Cxr<ra, 
tongue]. Pertaining to the palate and the tongue. 

palatoglossus (pal-a-to-glos'-us) . See under muscle. 

palatognathous (pal-at-og'-na-thus) [palato-; yvbBos, 
jaw]. Affected with palatognathus. 

palatognathus {pal-at-og'-na-thus) [palato-; yv6Bos, 
jaw]. Cleft palate. 

palatograph (pal-at'-o-graf). See palate myograph. 

palatolabial (pal-at-o-W -be-al) [palato-; labium, 
lip]. Pertaining to the palate and the lips. 

palatomaxillary (pal-al-o-maks'-il-a-re) [palato- ; 
maxilla, jaw]. Pertaining to the palate and the 
maxilla. 

palatomyograph (pal-at-o-mi'-o-graf). See palate- 
ntyograph. 

palatonasal (pal-a-lo-na'-sal) [palato-; nasal]. 
Pertaining to the palate and the nose. 

palatopharyngeal (pal-a-to-far-in'-je-al) [palato- ; 
pharynx]. Pertaining conjointly to the palate and 
the pharynx. 

palatopharyngeus (pal-a-to-far-in'-je-us). See 
under muscle. 

palatoplasty (paV-at-o-plas-te) [palato-; TrXaaaew, 
to form]. Plastic surgery of the palate. 

palatoplegia (pal-at-o-ple'-je-ah) [palato-; irXrjyri, 
a stroke]. Paralysis of the soft palate. 

palatopterygoid (pal-at-o-ter'-ig-oid) [palato-; ptery- 
goid]. Pertaining to the palate bone and the ptery- 
goid processes of the sphenoid bone; pterygopalatine. 

palatorrhaphy (pal-a-tor'-a-fe). See staphylor- 
rhaphy. 

palatosalpingeus (pal-a-to-sal-pin'-je-us). The ten- 
sor palati muscle. 

palatoschisis (pal-a-tos'-kis-is) [palato-; <rx'W, 
cleft]. Cleft palate. 

palatostaphylinus (pal-a-to-staf-il-i'-nus). See azy- 
gos uvula, under muscle. 

palatouvularis (pal-a-to-ic-vu-la'-ris). See azygos 
uvula, under muscle. 

palatum (pal'-a-tum) [L.]. The palate, p. durum, 
the hard palate, p. fissum, cleft palate, p. mobile, 
p. molle, the soft palate, p. pendulum, the soft palate. 

paleontology (pa-le-on-tol'-o-je) [/TraXcuos, ancient; 
&v, being; X6-yos, science]. The science of the early 
life-forms of the earth. 

paleopathology (pa-le-o-Path-ol'-o-je) [ira\ai6s, old; 
pathology]. "The science of the diseases which can 
be demonstrated in human and animal remains of 
ancient times" (Ruffer). 

palimbolous (pal-im' -bo-lus) [iraXiv, back; /SdXX€u\ 
to cast]. Changing often; applied to diseases with 
very inconstant symptoms. 

palimptosis (pal-imp-to' -sis) [iraXiv, back; 7nwis, 
a fall]. The falling back; properly, a falling back to 
a former position, whether after a proptosis, or 
abnormal forward displacement, or after the recti- 
fication of backward displacement. 

palinal (pal'-in-al) [iraKiv, backward]. Moving or 
moved backward. 

palindromia (pal-in-dro' -me-ah) [ir&Xtp, again; 
Spo/xoi, a course]. Recurrence or growing worse of a 
disease; a relapse. 

palingenesis (pal-in-jen' -es-is) [ira\iv, back; yeveau, 
production]. The form of development of an indi- 
vidual germ in which the development of its ancestors 
is succinctly repeated. 

palinodia (pal-in-o'-de-ah) [iraKiv, back; 656s, 
a way]. A recurrence or relapse of a disease. 

oalirrhea, palirrhcea (pal-ir-e'-ah) [iraXiv, again; bola, 
flow]. i. lhe return of a mucous discharge. 2. 
Regurgitation. 

palisade-cell (pal-is-ad'). A constituent cell of 
palisade-tissue, p.-parenchyma, the same as p.- 
tissue. p.-tissue, applied to certain cells which are 
elongated at light angles to the surface, occurring 
especially on the upper side of leaves. 

palladium (pal-a'-de-um) [iraXXadiov, a statue of 
Pallas]. A rare metal sometimes used in making 
instruments of precision, p. chloride, a drug used 
in the treatment of tuberculosis. Dose 10 drops of a 
3 % solution. 

palliation (pal-e-a'-shun) [palliare, to cloak]. The 
act of soothing or moderating, without really curing. 



palliative (pal'-e-a-tiv) [palliare, to cloak]. 1. Re- 
lieving or alleviating suffering. 2. A drug relieving 
or soothing the symptoms of a disease without cur- 
ing it. 

pallidum (pal'-id-um) [pallidus, pale]. The globus 
pallidus of the lenticular nucleus of the brain. 

pallium (pal'-e-um) [L., "a cloak"]. Of the brain, 
the fissured portion of each cerebral hemisphere, 
exclusive of the caudatum and the rhinencephalon. 

pallor (pal'-or) [L.]. Paleness, especially of the 
skin and mucous membranes, p. chloroticus, the 
peculiar paleness of chlorotic persons, p. eximius, 
abnormal paleness, usually due to anemia, p. luteus, 
chlorosis, p. pathematicus, the pallor due to terror 
or fright, p. virginum. Synonym of chlorosis. 

palm (pahm) [palma, palm]. 1. The inner or 
flexor surface of the hand; the hollow of the hand. 
2. A palm-tree, p.-oil (oleum palma), a fixed oil 
obtained from the fruit of Elais guineensis. It is 
employed in making soap. 

palma (pal'-mah) [L.]. 1. The palm of the hand. 
2. Palm tree, palmae plicatae, the arborescent ruga? 
of the anterior of the vagina. 

palmar (pal' -mar). Pertaining to the palm of the 
hand. p. abscess, an abscess in the palm of the 
hand, usually situated beneath the palmar fascia. 
p. arch, one of the two curved arches, superficial 
and deep, formed by the anastomosis of the radial 
and ulnar arteries in the hand. p. fascia, the sheath 
investing the muscles of the hand. 

palmaris (pal-ma' -ris) . See under muscle. 

palmature (pal' -mat-ur) [palm].^ Union of the 
fingers, congenital or from burns, wounds, or other 
trauma. 

Palmella (pal-meV -ah) . A genus of fresh-water 
algae. 

palmellin (pal-meV -in) . A red coloring-principle 
of a fresh-water alga, the Palmella cruenta, re- 
sembling hemoglobin. 

palmetto (pal-met'-o). See saw palmetto. 

palmiacol (pal-mi' -ak-ol) , C23H40O2. A proprietary 
remedy for tuberculosis, asthma, etc., said to be a 
derivative of guaiacol. Dose 3 min. (0.18 Cc.) 3 or 4 
times daily. 

palmic (pal'-mik) [palm]. 1. Referring to the palm; 
palmitic. 2. [iraXufc, throb.] Pertaining to the 
pulse or palpitation. 3- Relating to palmus or 
jumpers' disease. 

palmiped (pal'-mip-ed) [palma, palm; pes, foot]. 
Having webbed feet. 

palmitate (pal'-mit-at) [palm]. A salt of palmitic 
acid. 

palmitic (pal-mit'-ik). 1. Relating to or derived 
from palm-oil. 2. Relating to palmitin. p. acid. 
See acid, palmitic. 

palmitin (pal'-mit-in) [palm], C3ll5(Ci6H3i02)3. 
Glyceryl tripalmitate, a solid, crystallizable sub- 
stance which, with stearin, constitutes the greater 
proportion of solid fats. 

palmitone (pal'-mit-on). A ketone of palmitic 
acid resulting when it is distilled with slaked lime. 

palmityl (pal'-mit-il) [palm, the palm tree; CXt/, 
the stuff of which a thing is made]. The radical, 
C16H33O, of palmitic acid. 

palmodic (pal-mod' -ik) [iraXuMrjs, like palmus]. 
Pertaining to, resembling, or affected with, palmus. 

palmoplantar (pal' -mo-plan' -tar) [palma, palm; 
planta, the sole of the foot]. Pertaining to both the 
palms of the hands and the soles of the feet, p.- 
plantar sign, Filipowicz' sign; said to be diagnostic 
of typhoid fever. It consists of an orange or saffron 
coloration of the prominent parts of the palms of 
the hands and the soles of the feet. The change in 
color is attributed to feebleness of the action of the 
heart, causing incomplete filling of the capillaries, 
and dryness of the skin. 

palmoscopy (pal-mos'-ko-pe) [iraXfios, throb; aKoirelv, 
to observe]. The observation of the heart-beat and 
the pulse. 

palmus (pal'-mus) [iraXfxos, a twitch]. 1. Jumpers' 
disease; lata, or miryachit; a convulsive tic, with 
echolalia and abulia. 2. Subsultus; palpitation: 
throbbing; pulsation; twitching; jerkiness. 3- The 
heart-beat. 

palpate (pal' -pat) [palpare, to feel]. 1. To ex- 
amine by touch. 2. Furnished with tactile organs. 

palpation (pal-pa' -shun) [palpate]. In physical 
diagnosis, the laying of the hand on a part of the 
body or the manipulation of a part with the hand 
for the purpose of ascertaining its condition or that 



PALPATOMETER 



647 



PANCREATITIC 



of underlying organs, p., bimanual, the use of the 
two hands in examining an organ, p., mediate, 
a method of physical examination performed by plac- 
ing the phonendoscope on the chest after removing 
the tubes and resting the palmar surface of the hand 
upon the instrument, thus intensifying the vibrations. 

palpatometer (pal-pat-pm'-el-er) [palpare, to feel; 
tikrpov, a measure]. An instrument for measuring 
ai terial tension. 

palpatometry (pal-pat-om'-et-re) [palpare, to feel; 
fikrpov, measure]. A measuring of the greatest 
pressure that can be borne without pain. 

palpatopercussion (pal-pat-o-per-kush'-un). Com- 
bined palpation and percussion. 

palpebra (pal' : pe-brah) [L.: pi., palpebral. The 
eyelid, p. inferior, the lower eyelid, p. superior, 
the upper eyelid. 

palpebral (pal'-pe-bral) [palpebra]. Pertaining to 
the eyelid, p. cartilage. See cartilage, p. con- 
junctiva, the conjunctiva of the eyelid, p. fascia, 
the tarsal ligament of the eyelids, p. fissure, the 
opening between the upper and lower eyelids, p. 
follicles, the Meibomian glands, p. muscle, the 
orbicularis palpebrarum muscle. 

palpebrals (pal-pe-bra'-lis). An old term for the 
orbicularis palpebrarum muscle. 

palpebrate (pal'-pe-brdt) [palpebra]. i. Furnished 
with eyelids. 2. To wink. 

palpebration (pal-pe-bra' -shun) [palpebra]. The 
act of winking; nictitation. 

palpebrin (pal'-peb-rin). A proprietary remedy 
used externally in eye diseases; it is said to consist 
of boric acid, mercury bichloride, zinc sulphate, and 
glycerol. 

palpebritis (pal-pe-bri'-tis) [palpebra, eyelid; ltls, 
inflammation}. Synonym of blepharitis. 

palpebrofrontal (pal-pe-bro-front'-al). Relating to 
the eyelid and the brow. 

palpitate (pal'-pit-at) [palpitare, to quiver]. To 
flutter, to tremble or to beat abnormally fast; applied 
especially to the heart. 

palpitation (pal-pit-a' -shun) [palpitare, to quiver]. 
A fluttering or throbbing, especially of the heart, 
of which the person is conscious. 

palsy (pawl'-ze) [from paralysis]. Paralysis, p., 
Bell's. See Bell's palsy, p., birth-. See birth- 
palsy, p., bulbar. See bulbar paralysis. p., 
crutch-. See crutch paralysis, p. drops, compound 
tincture of lavender, p., Erb's. See Erb's palsy. 
p., hammer-, that due to excessive use of the hammer. 
p., lead, paralysis of the muscles of the forearm, 
due to lead poisoning, p., local, progressive muscular 
atrophy, p., night, paresthesia of the hands occurring 
at night, p., painter's, lead paralysis, p. scriveners', 
writers' cramp, p., snaking. Synonym of paralysis 
agitans. p., wasting, progressive muscular atrophy. 

paludal (pal'-u-dal) [palus, a marsh]. Pertaining 
to or originating in marshes; malarial. 

paludein (pal-u'-de-in) [Paludina, a genus of fresh- 
water snails]. The mucus of the snail Paludina 
vivipara, which has been used to make a pectoral 
syrup. 

paludide (pal'-u-did). A cutaneous eruption sup- 
posed to be due to malaria. 

paludism (pal'-u-dizm) [palus, a marsh]. Malarial 
poisoning. 

palustral (pal-us'-tral) [see paludism]. Pertaining 
to, or having the nature of, marsh-fever; paludal. 

pampiniform (pam-pin'-i-form) [pampinus, tendril; 
forma, form]. Having the form of a tendril, p. 
plexus. > See plexus, pampiniform. 

pampinocele (pam-pin' -o-sel) [pampinus, tendril; 
K17XJ7, hernia]. A varicocele of the veins of the 
pampiniform plexus. 

pamplegia (pam-ple'-je-ah) [pan-; ttXtjy^, stroke]. 
General paralysis. 

pan. A low, flat-bottomed vessel, p., bed, a 
large, flat oval pan, usually of agate, or enameled 
ware or china, serving as a receptacle for the fecal 
discharges and urine of bed-patients, p., brain, p., 
head, the skull, p., knee, the patella. 

pan- [iras, irav, all]. A prefix signifying all, every, 
the whole of anything. 

panacea (pan-a-se'-ah) [iravojceia, all-healing, from 
iras, all; d/cos, a cure]. A remedy curing all diseases; 
a cure-all; a quack remedy. 

panado (pan-a'-do) [Sp. panada, from panis, 
bread]. Bread softened in water. Also a bread- 
poultice. 

Panama bark. Quillaja bark. P. fever. 1. A 



pernicious form of malarial fever occurring in Pana- 
ma; Chagres fever. 2. Yellow fever. P. paralysis, 
beriberi. 

panaris (pan'-ar-is) . See paronychia. 

panaritium (pan-ar-ish'-e-um). See paronychia. 

panarthritis (pan-ar-thri'-tis). Inflammation of 
all the structures of a joint. 

Panas' operation (pan-ah') [Photinos Panas, 
French ophthalmologist, 1832-1903]. For ptosis; the 
tarsal portion of the lid is raised by sutures and the oc- 
cipito-frontalis muscle is caused to assume, to a great 
extent, the function of the levator palpebral. P.'s 
solution. A mild antiseptic collyrium, serviceable 
in conjunctivitis, blepharitis, etc. It contains mer- 
curic iodide 1 part, absolute alcohol 400 parts, distilled 
water sufficient to make 20,000 parts. 

panatrophy (pan-at'-ro-fe) [pan-; atrophy], 1. 
Atrophy affecting every part of a structure. 2. Gen- 
eral atrophy. 

Panax (pan'-aks) [iravai, all-healing]. A genus 
of araliaceous plants. Ginseng was formerly classed 
as Panax. See aralia, also ginseng. 

panbioma (pan-bi-o'-ma) [pan-; fiios, life]. The 
general principle of life. Cf. bionergy. 

panblastic (pan-bias' -tik) [pan-; pXao-ros, a germ]. 
Connected with all the layers of the blastoderm. 

pancarditis (pan-kar-di'-tis). General inflamma- 
tion of the heart. 

panchrestous (pan-kres'-tus) [pan-; xpwtos, use- 
ful]. Useful for everything; relating to a panacea. 

panchrestus (pan-kres'-tus) [pan-; xpw"6s, use- 
ful]. Same as panacea. 

pancolpohysterectomy (pan-kol-po-his-ter-ek' -to- 
me). See panhysterokolpectomy. 

pancreaden (pan'-kre-ad-en). The direct extract 
of pancreas attenuated with calcium carbonate; 
used in pancreatic diabetes. Dose 4-6 dr. (15-23 
Gm.) daily. 

pancreas (pan'-kre-as) [pan-; Kpkas, flesh]. A com- 
pound racemose gland, from six to eight inches in 
length, lying transversely across the posterior wall 
of the abdomen; the sweetbread of animals; the 
abdominal salivary gland of the Germans. Its 
right extremity, the head, lies in contact with the 
duodenum; its left extremity, the tail, is in close 
proximity to the spleen. It secretes a limpid, 
colorless fluid that digests proteids, fats, and carbo- 
hydrates. The secretion is conveyed to the duod- 
enum by the pancreatic duct, or duct of Wirsung. 
p., accessory, a small mass of glandular structure 
similar to the pancreas and adjacent to it. p. Aselli, 
a collection of lymph-glands in the mesentery of 
some mammals, resembling a pancreas, p. glomeruli, 
the islands of Langerhans. p., lesser, a small, 
partially detached portion of the gland, lying pos- 
teriorly to its head, and having occasionally a 
separate duct that opens into the pancreatic duct 
proper. 

pancreatalgia (pan-kre-at-al'-je-ah) [pancreas; dX- 
70s, pain]. Pain in the pancreas. 

pancreatectomy (pan-kre-at-ek'-to-me) [pancreas; 
eKTOfxi), excision]. Excision of a portion or all of the 
pancreas. 

pancreatemphraxis (pan-kre-at-em-fraks'-is) [pan- 
creas; ip<ppa£is, stoppage]. Obstruction of the 
pancreatic duct. _ 

pancreathelcosis (pan-kre-ath-el-ko'-sis) [pancreas ; 
IX/cw<ris, ulceration]. Ulceration of the pancreas. 

pancreatic (pan-kre-at'-ik) [pancreas]. Pertaining 
to the pancreas, as the pancreatic duct; depending 
upon disease of the pancreas, as pancreatic diabetes, 
p. duct, the duct of Wirsung. p. fluid, p. juice, the 
secretion of the pancreas, a thick, transparent, color- 
less, odorless fluid, of a salty taste, and strongly 
alkaline. 

pancreaticoduodenal (pan-kre-at-ik-o-du-o-de'-nal) 
[pancreas; duodenum]. Pertaining to the pancreas 
and the duodenum, as the pancreaticoduodenal arteries. 

pancreaticosplenic (pan-kre-at'-ik-o-splen'-ik). Per- 
taining to the pancreas and the spleen. 

pancreatin (pan-kre'-at-in) [pancreas]. The active 
elements of the juice of the pancreas; also the com- 
mercial extract of the pancreas, supposed to possess a 
fermentative action similar to that of the pancreatic 
juice. 

pancreatinokinase (pan-kre-at-i-no-kin'-ds). Trade 
name of a compound of pancreatin and eukinase: 
said to be a powerful digestant. 

pancreatitic (pan-kre-at-it'-ik). Pertaining to 
pancreatitis. 



PANCREATITIS 



648 



PANPEPTIN 



pancreatitis (pan-kre-at-i'-tis) [pancreas; ins, in- 
flammation]. Inflammation of the pancreas. It 
may be hemorrhagic, suppurative, or gangrenous. 
The onset of pancreatitis is usually sudden, with 
severe abdominal pain, vomiting, tympanites, and 
tenderness of the abdomen. It is generally fatal. 

pancreatolipase (pan-kre-at-o-lip'-as). Lipase 
found in the pancreatic juice. 

pancreatolith (pan-kre-at'-o-lith) [pancreas; Xidos, 
a stone]. A calculus of the pancreas. 

pancreatomy (pan-kre-at'-o-me). See pancreatec- 
tomy. 

pancreatoncus (pan-kre-at-ong'-kus) [pancreas; 
ojkos, tumor]. A tumor of the pancreas. 

pancreatopathy (pan-kre-at-op'-a-the) [pancreas; 
iraBos, suffering]. Any disease of the pancreas. 

pancreatorrhagia (pan-kre-at-or-a'-je-ah) [pancreas; 
prjyvvvai, to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from the 
pancreas. 

pancreatotomy (pan-kre-at-ot'-o-me) [pancreas; rop.^, 
a cutting]. Incision of the pancreas. 

pancreazymose (pan-kre-az-i'-mos) [pancreas; ffyn?. 
leaven]. One of the pancreatic ferments. 

pancreectomy (pan-kre-ek'-to-me). See pancre- 
atectomy. 

pancreobismuth (pan-kre-o-biz'-muth). Tradename 
of a combination of pancreatic ferments and bis- 
muth. 

pancreodigestin (pan-kre-o-di-jes'-tin). Trade 
name of a combination of some of the digestive 
ferments with lactic and hydrochloric acids. 

pancreolytic (J>an-kre-o-lit'-ik). Destructive to 
pancreatic tissue. 

pancreon, pankreon (pan'-kre-on). Trade name 
of a preparation obtained by the action of tannic 
acid on pancreatin. It is a grayish, odorless powder 
having a strong tryptolytic power. Dose 7i gr. 
(0.5 Gm.) 3 times daily. 

pancreopathia (pan-kre-o-path'-e-ah) [pancreas; 
iraBos, disease]. Disease of pancreas. 

pancreopathy (pan-kre-op'-ath-e) [pancreas; iraBos, 
disease]. Disease of the pancreas. 

pancril (pan'-kril). Trade name of a combination . 
of enzymes, said to be capable of digesting nitrog- 
enous, starchy, and fatty foods. 

pandemia , (pan-de'-me-dh) [pan-; Srjpos, people]. 
An epidemic that attacks all persons. 

pandemic (pan-dem'-ik) [pan-; 8rjp.os, people]. 
Epidemic over a wide area. 

pandemy (pan'-dem-e). Same as pandemia. 

Pander's islands (pan'-der) [Heinrich Christian 
von Pander, German anatomist, 1794-1865]. The 
reddish-yellow patches in Pander's layer which con- 
sist of corpuscles containing hemoglobin. P.'s 
layer, the splanchnopleural layer of the mesoblast in 
which the blood-vessels are first formed. . 

pandiculation (pan-dik-u-la'-shun) . [pandiculari, 
from pandere, to stretch out]. The act of stretching 
the limbs, especially on waking from sleep, accom- 
panied by yawning. 

pandocheum, pandochium (pan-do' -ke-um), [pan-; 
dexevdai, to receive]. A hospital receiving all diseases. 

panelectroscope (pan-e-lek'-iro-skop). An inspec- 
tion apparatus for use in proctoscopy, esophagoscopy, 
urethroscopy, etc. It throws concentrated light 
through the whole tube, thus illuminating the spot 
that is to be inspected. 

panesthesia (pan-es-the'-ze-ah) [pan-; aiaOr/ais, 
perception]. 1. General or total sensation ;cenesthesia. 
2. The undifferentiated sensory capacity of the sup- 
posed primal germ. 

panesthetism (pan-es'-thet-izm). Same as panes- 
thesia. 

Paneth's cells (pah'-nath) [Josef Paneth, German 
physician, 1857- ]. Coarsely granular cells 
found in the crypts of Lieberkuhn in the jejunum 
and ileum, especially the latter. 

pang. A momentary sharp pain, p., breast-, 
angina pectoris, p., brow-, hemicrania. 

pangaduin (pan-gad' -u-in). A crystalline solid 
said to contain the basic principles of cod-liver oil; 
indicated in all affections due to faulty elimination. 

pangen (pan'-jen) [pan- ; ykveais, birth, production]. 
One of the primary bearers of the individual qualities 
or characters of the cell, i. e., the constituent qualities 
of the species; one of the ultimate vital particles; a 
biophor. 

pangenesis (pan-jen'-es-is) [pan-; ykve<ns, origin]. 
Darwin's theory of heredity, which supposes the 
existence of gemmules or minute particles separated 



from the body-cells and segregated from the circu- 
lation by the reproductive glands. These preformed 
constituents of all parts of the fully formed animal 
or plant become aggregated in the germ, and give 
rise by a process of evolution to the new organism. 

pangenetic (pan-jen-et'-ik). Pertaining to pan- 
genesis. 

panglossia (pa.n-glos'-e-ah) [irayyKoo-o-la, wordiness]. 
. Excessive or insane garrulity. 

panhidrosis (pan-hid-ro'-sis). See panidrosis. 

panhydrometer (pan-hi-drom'-et-er). An instru- 
ment for determining the specific gravity of any 
liquid. 

panhygrous (pan-hi'-grus) [pan-; vypds, moist]. 
Damp as to the entire surface. . 

panhyperemia, panhyperaemia (pan-hi-per-e'-me- 
ah). Plethora. 

panhysterectomy (pan-Ms-ter-ek'-to-me). Total 
extirpation of the uterus. 

panhysterokolpectomy (pan-his-ter-o-kol-pek' -to- 
me) [pan-; iarepa, womb; koXxos, vagina; knTopA\, 
excision]. Complete removal of the uterus and vagina. 

pamcvUa (pan-ik'-u-lah) [L.]. A swelling or tumor. 

panidrosis (pan-id-ro'-sis) [pan-; tdpws, sweat]. 
General perspiration. 

panis (pan'-is) [L.]. Bread. 

panivorous (pan-iv'-or-us) [panis, bread; vorare, to 
devour]. Subsisting on bread. 

Panizza's plexuses. Two lymphatic t plexuses 
lying in the lateral fossa of the preputial frenum; 
they are formed by the deeper lymphatic vessels of 
the integument of the glans penis. 

pankreon (pan'-kre-on). Trade* name of a prep- 
aration of pancreatin with tannic acid. 

panmeristic (pan-mer-is'-tik) [pan-; pkpos, a part]. 
Relating to an ultimate protoplasmic structure com- 
posed of independent vital units. 

panmixia (pan-miks'-e-ah) [pan-; /u£«, mingling]. 
Indiscriminate sexual crossing. 

panmnesia (pan-ne'-se-ah) [pan-; ppija-is, ■ re- 
membrance]. A potential remembrance of all 
impressions. 

pannecrotomy (pan-nek-rot' -o-me) [pan-; venpos, 
dead; 7-0/M7, a cutting]. The dissection of all dead 
bodies, suggested as the best method to prevent 
burial of living persons. 

panneuritis (pan-nu-ri'-tis). Multiple neuritis. 
p. epidemica, beriberi. 

panniculitis (pan-ik-u-li'-tis) [panniculus; ins, 
inflammation]. ■ Inflammation of the abdominal 
panniculus adiposus. 

panniculus (pan-ik'-u-lus) [dim. of pannus}. A 
membrane or layer, p. adiposus, the layer of sub- 
cutaneous fat. p. carnosus, the layer of muscles 
contained in the superficial fascia. It. is well de- 
veloped in the lower animals, but in man is repre- 
sented, mainly by the platysma. p. cordis, the 
pericardium, p. hymeneus, p. yirginis, the hymen. 
p. subtilis, the pia mater, p. transversus, the 
diaphragm. 

pannosity (pan-os'-it-e) > [pannus]. . Softness. of the 
skin. 

pannus (pan'-us) [L.., "a cloth"]. 1. Vasculari- 
zation of the cornea, usually due to the irritation of 
trachoma granulations. 2. Chloasma, p. carnosus, 
p. crassus, one that has acquired a considerable 
thickness, p. hepaticus, chloasma, p. phlyctenular, 
the vascularized and cloudy condition of the cornea 
induced by phlyctenular inflammation, p. siccus, 
an old pannus composed of connective tissue and poor 
in vessels, p. tenuis, slight pannus. , 

panodic (pan-od'-ik). See panthodic. 

panopeptone (pan-o-p.ep'-ton). Trade name of a 
dietetic said to consist of bread and beef, cooked, 
peptonized, sterilized, concentrated, and preserved 
in sherry. 

panophobia (pan-o-fo'-be-ah) [pan-; <£6/3os, fear]. 
Morbid fear of everything; a symptom present in 
some cases of neurasthenia. 

panophthalmia, panophthalmitis (pan-of -thai' -me- 
an, pan-of-thal-mi'-tis). Inflammation of all the 
tissues of the eyeball, p. purulenta, a severe form 
with great protrusion of the eyeball and formation 
of pus, usually resulting in blindness. 

panosteitis (pan-os-te-i'-tis). An inflammation of 
all the structures of a bone. 

panotitis (pan-o-ti'-tis). An inflammation involving 
all the structures of the ear. 

panpeptin (pan-pep' -tin). Trade name of a remedy 
said to contain several digestive ferments. 



PANPHARMACON 



649 



PAPILLOMATOUS 



panpharmacon {pan-far' -mak-on) [pan-; <j>a.pp.a.Kov , 
drug]. A panacea. 

panphobia (pan-fo'-be-ah) [pan-; <p6Pos, dread]. 
Synonym of panophobia. 

panplegia (pan-pie' '-je-ah) [pan-; irXijyri, stroke]. 
Generalized paralysis. 

pansclerosis (pan-skle-ro'-sis) [pan-; oxXepos, hard]. 
Complete sclerosis or hardening of a part. 

pansinusitis (pan-si-nus-i'-tis). Inflammation of 
all the sinuses of a part or region. 

panspermatism (pan-sper'-mat-izm). The theory 
that germs are omnipresent. 

panspermia (pan-sper'-me-ah). Same as pansper- 
matism. 

pansphygmograph (pan-sfig'-mo-graf). An instru- 
ment by means of which tracings can be taken simul- 
taneously of the cardiac movements, the arterial 
pulse, and the respiration. 

pansymmetry (pan-sim'-et-re). Entire symmetry. 

pant. To breathe hard or quickly. 

pantachromatic (pan-tah-kro-mat'-ik) [pan-; achro- 
matic]. Colorless throughout. 

pantamorphia (pan-tam-or'-fe-ah) [pan-; p.op4>-fi, 
form]. General deformity. 

pantamorphic (pan-tam-or'-fik) [pan-; ap.op<pla, 
shapelessness]. Completely deformed. 

pantanencephalia (pan-tan-en-sef-a'-le-ah) [pan- ; 
&veyK€<pa\os, brainless]. Total congenital absence of 
the brain. 

pantanencephalic (pan-tan-en-sef-al'-ik) [pan-; &, 
priv.; iyK&paKos, brain]. Congenitally destitute of 
brain. 

pantanencephalus (pan-tan-en-sef -al-us) . A brain- 
less monster. 

pantankyloblepharon (pan-tang-kil-o-blef'-ah-ron) 
[pan-; dy kuXt;, noose; ffK^papov, eyelid]. Complete 
ankyloblepharon. 

pantaphobia (pan-taf-o'-be-ah) [pan-; &, priv.; 
(pofHos, fear]. Total absence of fear. 

pantatrophia, pantatrophy (pan-tat-ro'-fe-ah, pan- 
tat' -ro-fe) [pan-; atrophy]. Complete or general 
atrophy. 

pantatrophous (pant-at'-ro-fus). Without nourish- 
ment. 

pantherapist (pan-ther' -ap-ist) [pan-; depaweia, 
therapy]. See eclectic. 

panthodic (pan-thod'-ik) [pan-; 686s, way]. Of 
nervous impulses, radiating to all parts of the body. 

panto- (pan' -to-). See pan-. 

pantogamy (pan-tog' -am-e) [pan-; yap.os, mar- 
riage]. Reckless indiscriminate sexual intercourse. 

pantograph (pan'-to-graf) [pan-; ypaij>eiv,to write]. 
An instrument for the mechanical copying of dia- 
grams, etc., upon the same scale, or upon an en- 
larged or a reduced scale. 

pantography (pan-tog' -ra-fe) [pan-; ypcupeiv, to 
write], i. General description. 2. The process of 
copying by a pantograph. 

pantomorph (pan'-to-morf) [pan-; p.op<pri, form]. 
That which assumes, or exists in, all shapes. 

pantomorphia (pan-to-mor'-fe-ah) [pan-; p.op<f>ri, 
form]. 1. The condition of assuming or existing in 
all shapes. 2. General or complete symmetry. 
Cf. pantamorphia. 

pantophobia (pan-to-fo'-be-ah) [pan-; <£6/3os, fear]. 
Insane dread of all things. 

pantoplethora (pan-to-pleth'-or-ah) [pan-; ir\j}9&p7], 
fulness]. General hyperemia. 

pantopon (pan' -top-on) [pan-; opium]. Trade 
name of a preparation of opium said to contain all 
the alkaloids of opium in the form of hydrochlorides. 

pantoscopic (pan-lo-skop'-ik). See bifocal. 

Panum's casein (pah'-noom) [Peter Ludwig Panum, 
Danish physiologist, 1820-1885]. Serum globulin. 

panus (pa'-nus) [L., "a swelling"]. An inflamed, 
nonsuppurating lymphatic gland, p. faucium, an 
inflamed gland in the throat, p. inguinalis, a bubo. 

panzyme (pan'-zim) [pan-; i'vp.n, leaven]. Trade 
name of a preparation containing several enzymes. 

pap. 1. The nipple. 2. A soft, semiliquid food 
for infants, p. pox. Same as cowpox. 

papain (pa-pa' -in). See under papaya. 

papaver (pa-pa'-ver). The poppy. See opium. 

papaverine (pa-pa'-ver- en) [papaver], C21H21NO4. 
A crystalline alkaloid found in opium and thought 
to possess narcotic properties. Dose £ gr. (0.016 Gm.). 

pa paw (pa-paw') [a name of Malabar origin]. 

1. The seed of Asimina triloba; it is a prompt emetic. 
Dose of the fluidextract 10-30 min. (0.6-1.9 Co). 

2. See papaya. 



papaya (pa-pa' -yah). Melon-tree; papaw — the 
Carica papaya, a tree of the order Passifloracece. 
The unripe fruit yields a milky juice containing an 
albuminous substance, papain or papayotin, capable 
of digesting fibrin and other proteid bodies. Papain 
in commerce occurs as a grayish powder, and has 
been used as a digestant in dyspepsia, as an appli- 
cation to false membranes, warts, epitheliomata, 
etc. Dose 5-10 gr. (0.32-0.65 Gm.). 

papayotin (pap-a'-yo-tin). The concrete active 
principle of the milky juice of the papaw; it is an 
enzyme similar to pepsin. 

paper (pa'-per) [papyrus]. See charta. p., heli- 
antirin, p., methyl-orange, p., tropaeolin D, paper 
charged with methyl-orange and used in testing for 
acids and alkalies, p., indigo-carmin. See under indigo. 

papescent (pap-es'-ent). Having the consistence 
of pap. 

papilla (pap-il'-ah) [L., "a nipple"; pi., papilla]. 
1. A small, nipple-like eminence. 2. Synonym of 
optic disc. 3. A pimple or pustule, p., acoustic, 
the organ of Corti. p., bile, the caruncula major of 
Santorini at the summit of which the bile and pan- 
creatic ducts open, p., circumvallate, one of the 
large papillae at the root of the tongue, arranged 
like the letter V opening forward, p., clavate. 
Synonym of p., fungiform, p., conical. See p., 
filiform, p., dental. See organ, enamel-, p., duo- 
denal, the elevation at the point where the common 
bile-duct enters the duodenum, p., filiform, any 
one of the papillae occurring on all parts of the tongue, 
consisting of an elevation of connective tissue covered 
by a layer of epithelium, p., fungiform, any one 
of the low, broad papillae found on the surface of 
the tongue, consisting of a connective-tissue elevation, 
covered by secondary papillae, p., genital, the 
primitive penis or clitoris, papillse, gustatory, those 
papillae of the tongue which are furnished with taste- 
buds. Syn., papilla gustus. p., lacrimal, a small 
conical eminence on the eyelid at the inner canthus, 
pierced by the lacrimal punctum. p., lenticular. 
Same as p., fungiform, p., lingual, one of the ele- 
vations of the mucous membrane of the dorsum of 
the tongue, papillae, nerve-. See under nerve. 
p., renal, the summit of any one of the renal pyramids 
projecting into the renal pelvis, p. spiralis, the 
convex spiral ridge formed by Corti's organ, p., 
tactile, a little eminence of the true skin containing 
tactile corpuscles, papillae, vascular, papillae of the 
skin containing capillary loops. 

papillary (pap'-il-a-re). 1. Pertaining to the 
nipple. 2. Composed of or containing papillae; 
resembling a papilla, p. body, the papillary layer 
of the skin. p. muscles, the musculi papillares, q. v. 
p. tumor, a papilloma. 

papillectomy (pap-il-ek'-to-me) [papilla; kKropi), 
excision]. Surgical removal of papillae. 

papilledema (pap-il-e-de'-mah). Choked disc, 
papillitis. 

papuliferous (pap-il-if'-er-us) [papilla; ferre, to 
bear]. Bearing or containing papillae, as a papu- 
liferous cyst. 

papilliform (pap-il'-if-orm) [papilla; forma, form]. 
Shaped like a papilla. 

papillitis (pap-il-i'-tis) [papilla; ins, inflamma- 
tion]. Inflammation of the optic disc. Syn., 
choked disc ; optic neuritis. 

papilloadenocystoma (pap-il-o-ad-en-o-sist-o'-mah) . 
Papilloma combined with adenoma and cystoma. 

papillocarcinoma (pap-il-o-kar-sin-o'-mah) [papilla; 
carcinoma]. 1. A carcinoma in which there is the 
formation of papillary excrescences. 2. A papilloma 
which has become malignant. 

papilloma (pap-il-o'-mah) [papilla; 6p.a, tumor]. 
A growth on the skin or mucous membrane resembling 
hypertrophied papillae. It is a benign tumor, oc- 
curring in two forms, the hard papilloma, one growing 
from squamous epithelium, and the soft papilloma, 
one developed from columnar epithelium, p. 
diffusum, multiple papillomata occurring on the 
legs and buttock, p. neuroticum, a painless, mostly 
congenital affection characterized by warty or 
papillomatous growths occurring on one side of the 
body along the course of a nerve. 

papillomatosis (pap-il-o-mat-o'-sis) [papilla; 6p.a, 
tumor; voaos, disease]. The widespread formation of 
papillomata; also the state of being affected with 
multiple papillomata. 

papillomatous (pap-il-o'-mat-us) [papilla; 6p.a, 
tumor]. Pertaining to a papilloma. 



PAPILLORETINITIS 



650 



PARACMASIS 



papilloretinitis (pap-il-o-ret-in-i'-tis). Inflamma- 
tion of the papilla and retina. 

papillose (pap'-il-os). Bearing papillae. 

papine (pap-en'). A proprietary anodyne said 
to contain the pain-relieving principle of opium. 

papoid (pap' -oid). A proprietary preparation 
resembling papain. 

pappataci fever (pap-at-ash'-e). An infectious 
disease probably of protozoal origin, somewhat 
resembling dengue, but less severe and of shorter 
duration. It has been found in Malta, Bosnia, 
Herzegovina and Dalmatia, Italy and S. America. 

pappus (pap'-us) [7rd.7r7ros, down]. The fine down 
first appearing on the cheeks and chin. 

paprica, paprika (pap-re' -kah). The dried and 
pulverized capsules of Capsicum annuum. Syn., 
Spanish pepper; Turkish pepper. 

papula (pap'-u-lah). See papule. 

papular (pap'-u-lar) [papula, papule]. Of the 
nature of a papule. 

papulation (pap-u-la' -shun) [papula, a pimple]. 
The stage, in certain eruptive diseases, marked by 
the formation of papules. 

papule (pap'-ul) [papula, a pimple: pi., papulce]. A, 
small circumscribed, solid elevation of the skin, p.,' 
moist, the syphilitic condyloma. 

papuliferous (pap-u-lif'-er-us) [papula, a pimple; 
ferre, to bear]. Pimply; covered with papulae. 

papulosquamous (pap-u-lo-skwa'-mus). Charac- 
terized by both papules and scales. 

papyraceous (pap-ir-a'-se-us) [papyrus, paper]. 
Resembling paper, p. bone, the ethmoid bone. 

Paquelin's cautery (pak-lan') [Claude Andre 
Paquelin, French surgeon, 1836- ]. A hollow 
platinum point kept at a uniform temperature by a 
current of benzene vapor; a thermocautery. 

par [L.]. A pair. p. vagum, the vagus nerves. 

para- (par-ah-) [irapa, beyond; beside]. 1. A 
prefix signifying beyond, beside, near, the opposite 
of, etc. 2. In chemistry, prefixed to a derivative 
of the benzol ring, it indicates the substitution of 
two atoms of hydrogen situated opposite each other. 

para-acetphenetidin (par-ah-as-et-fen-et'-id-in) . 

Phenacetm. 

para-acetophenolethyl carbonate (par-ah-as-et-o-fe- 
nol-eth'-il kar'-bon-at) . A crystalline powder without 
color or taste, used as an analgesic and hypnotic. 
Dose 8 gr. (0.5 Gin.). 

para-amidoacetanilide (par-ah-am-id-o-as-et-an'-il- 
id). See paraphenylendiamine. 

para-analgesia (par-ah-an-al-je'-ze-ah) [para-; anal- 
gesia]. Analgesia limited to the lower half of the 
body. 

para-anesthesia (par-ah-an-es-the'-ze-ah). Anes- 
thesia of the body below the waist. 

para-appendicitis (par-ah-ap-en-dis-i'-tis). Sup- 
purative inflammation of the connective tissue 
adjacent to that part of the appendix not covered 
with the peritoneum. 

parabanic acid (par-ab-an'-ik). See oxalylurea. 

parabiosis (par-ah-bi-o'-sis) [para; /3iWis, living]. 1. 
Union of two individuals in such a way that there 
is some physiological intimacy between them. 2 
Temporary suppression of conductivity in a nerve. 

parabiotic (par-ah-bi-ot'-ik). Pertaining to or 
characterized by parabiosis. 

parablast (par'-ah-blast) [para-; jSAcurros, a germ]. 
That part of the mesoblast from which the blood- 
vessels, lymphatic vessels, and other connective 
tissues are developed. 

parablastic (par-ah-blas'-tik) [parablast]. Per- 
taining to the parablast. 

parablastoma (par-ah-blas-to'-mah) [parablast; 6p.a, 
tumor]. A tumor composed of parablastic tissue. 

parablepsis (par-ah-blep'-sis) [para-; /SXe/'is, vision]. 
False or perverted vision. 

parabulia (par-ab-u'-le-ah) [para-; fiovXrj, will]. 
Abnormality of volitional action. 

paracanthoma (par-ak-an-tho'-mah) [para-; aKavda, 
prickle; 6p.a, tumor]. A new growth affecting the 
prickle-cell layer of the skin. 

paracanthosis (par-ak-an-tho'-sis) [para-; avavda, 
prickle; vbao%, disease: pi., par acanthoses]. Any 
skin-disease characterized by some anomaly of the 
prickle-cell layer. 

paracasein (par-ah-ka'-se-in). A substance closely 
resembling casein in composition and split off from 
it during the coagulation of milk. Syn., curd. 

paracele, paracoele (par'-as-el) [para-; Koihla, a hol- 
low]. A lateral ventricle of the brain. 



paracellulose (par-ah-sel'-u-los). A variety of 
cellulose found in pith. 

Paracelsian (par-as-el'-se-an). 1. Relating to the 
Swiss physician and alchemist, Aurelius Phillippus 
Theophrastus Bombastus Paracelsus ab-Hohenheim, 
1 493- 1 54 1. 2. A follower of Paracelsus. 

paracentesis (par-ah-sen-te'-sis) [para-; KkvT^ins, 
puncture]. Puncture; especially puncture of the 
wall of a cavity of the body, such as the thoracic 
wall, cornea, tympanic membrane. 

paracentetic (par-ah-sen-tet'-ik). Pertaining to 
paracentesis. 

paracentral (par-ah-sen'-tral) [para-; nevrpov, a 
center]. Situated near the center. p. lobule, 
convolution on the mesial surface of the cerebral 
hemisphere uniting the upper ends of the ascending 
frontal and ascending parietal convolutions. 

paracephalus (par-ah-sef'-al-us) [para-; K*j>a\ij, 
head]. A monster characterized by a rudimentary, 
misshapen head and defective trunk and limbs. 

parachloralose (par-ak-lor'-al-os) [para-; chloral]. 
A product of the action of chloral upon sugar. It is 
insoluble in water and is practically inert. 

parachlorphenol (par-ah-klor-fe'-nol), CeHUCC^OH. 
A substitution-product of phenol. It is antiseptic, 
disinfectant, and is employed in a 2 to 3 % ointment 
in erysipelas, p. paste, a paste of equal parts of 
lanolin, vaselin, starch, and parachlorphenol; it is 
used in lupus. 

parachlorsalol (par-ah-klor-sa'-lol). Parachlor- 
phenol salicylate; used as an internal and external 
antiseptic like phenyl salicylate. x Dose 60-90 gr. 
(4-6 Gm.) daily. 

paracholesterin (par-ak-o-les'-ter-in) [para-; x°M. 
bile; arkap, fat], C26H44O. One of the vegetable 
cholesterins. 

paracholia (par-ak-o'-le-ah) [para-; x°Xi7. bile]. 
1. Any abnormality in the secretion of bile. 2. The 
prodrome of disturbed liver-cell activity in con- 
sequence of which the bile pours over the blood- 
vessels and lymph-vessels. 

parachordal (par-ak-or'-dal) [para-; xopSij, a string; 
specifically the chorda or notochord]. 1. One of 
two bars of cartilage extending alongside the occipital 
notochord in the human fetus. 2. Adjoining the 
cephalochord; situated at the side of the cranial part 
of the notochord of the embryo. 3. Pertaining to 
the cartilaginous basis of the cranium in the 
embryo. 

paraenrea, parachroia (par-ak-re'-ah, par-ak-roi'-ah) 
[para-; xpoia, color]. Morbid discoloration or 
change of complexion. 

parachroma (par-ak-ro'-mah) [para-; xp^Ma, color]. 
Change in color, especially in the natural color of the 
skin. 

parachromatin (par-ak-ro' -mat-in) [para-; chro- 
matin]. That part of the nucleoplasm which forms 
the spindle-threads during karyokinesis. 

parachromatism (par-ak-ro' -mat-izm) [para- ; xp&Ma. 
color]. False,, or incorrect perception of color. 
It is not the same as true color-blindness, which it 
may approach more or less completely. 

parachromatoblepsia (par-ak-ro-mat-o-blep'-se-ah) . 
See parachromatism. 

parachromatosis (par-ak-ro-mat-o'-sis) [para- ; 
xpoip-a, skin; voaos, disease]. Any one of the pig- 
mentary skin-diseases. 

parachromophore (par-ak-ro' -mo-f or) [para-; xp&p-a, 
color; (popos, bearing]. Applied to chromogenic 
bacteria that produce the pigment as an excretion- 
product, but retain it in the organism. 

parachromophoric, parachromophorous (par-ah- 
kro-mo-for'-ik, par-ah-kro-mof'-or-us) [para-; xp&p.a, 
color; <f>op6s, bearing]. Possessing color which 
remains within the cell as a passive metabolic product, 
as in some bacteria. 

parachrosis (par-ak-ro' -sis) [para-; xp«<t«. color- 
ing]. The existence of a pigmentary skin-disease. 

parachymosin (par-ah-ki' -mo-sin) [para-; xvp-bs, 
juice]. The chymosin or rennin found in the human 
stomach and in that of the pig. 

parachymosis (par-ak-i-mo'-sis) [para-; x^P-bs, 
juice]. A morbid state of a secretion or a secreting 
organ. 

paracinesis (par-as-in-e'-sis) [para-; Kirrjcns, mo- 
tion]. Morbid movement of the voluntary muscles, 
arising from disease of the motor nerves or centers. 

paraclonus (par-ak'-lo-nus). Synonym of para- 
myoclonus. 

paracmasis (par-ak' -mas-is). Synonym of par acme. 



PARACMASTIC 



651 



PARAHYDROPIN 



paracmastic (par-ak-mas'-tik) [par acme]. Pertain- 
ing to the declining stage. 

paracme (par-ak'-me) [para-; aK/irj, point, prime]. 
i. The degeneration or decadence of a group of 
organisms after they have reached their acme of 
development. 2. The period of decline of a disease. 

paracnemion (par-ak-ne'-me-ori). Synonym of 
fibula. 

paracoele (par'-as-el). See paracele. 

paracolitis (par-ak-o-li'-iis) [para-; colon; ins, 
inflammation]. Inflammation of the outer coat of 
the colon. 

paracolon (par-ah-ko'-lon). A term applied to a 
group of bacilli intermediate between the typhoid 
and colon group. 

paracolpitis (par-ah-kol-pi'-tis) [para-; k6\wos, 
vagina; irw, inflammation]. Inflammation of the 
connective tissue about the vagina. 

paracolpium (par-ah-kol'-pe-um) [para-; koKwos, 
vagina]. The connective tissue lying around the 
vagina. 

paracondylar (par-ak-on'-dil-ar) [para-; k6v8v\os, 
knuckle]. Situated alongside a condyle or a con- 
dylar region. 

paracondyloid (par-ak-on'-dil-oid) [para-; kovSvXos, 
knuckle; eUos, form]. Adjoining the condyles. 

paracoto (par-ah-ko'-to) [para-; Sp., colo, a cubit]. 
A South American tree the bark of which contains 
a neutral substance, paracotoin, closely resembling 
cotoin. 

paracotoin (par-ah-ko'-to-in) . See under paracoto. 

paracousia, paracousis (par-ah-koo'-se-ah, par-ah- 
koo'-sis) [para-; aKoveiv, to hear]. See paracusia. 

paracresol (par-ah-kre'-sol), CtHsO. A compound 
of cresolsulphonate and potassium hydroxide used 
as a disinfectant. 

paracresotate {par-ah-kres'-o-tat), CeH3(OH)(CH3)- 
CO^Na. A crystalline powder obtained by heating 
sodium cresylate with carbonic acid; used in acute 
articular rheumatism. Dose 45-90 gr. (3-6 Gm.) daily. 

paracresylol (par-ah-kres'-il-ol) [para-; cresol]. 
A derivative of cresol. 

paracrisis (par-ak'-ris-is) [para-; uplvetv, to secrete; 
pi., paracrises]. Disorder of the secretory function. 

paracrusis (par-ak-roo'-sis) [para-; Kpobetv, to strike]. 
1. Insanity, delirium. 2. The checking or "driving 
in" of an eruption or exanthem. 

paracusia, paracusis (par-ak-oo'-ze-ah, par-ak-oo'-sis) 
[para-; anoveiv, to hear]. Any perversion of the sense 
of hearing, p. acris, excessively acute hearing, 
rendering the person intolerant of sounds, p. 
duplicata, a condition in which all or only certain 
sounds are heard double, p. localis, p. loci, difficulty 
in estimating the direction of sounds met with in 
unilateral deafness, or when the two ears hear un- 
equally, p. obtusa, hardness of hearing, p. per- 
versa, synonym of p. Willisiana. p. imaginaria, 
tinnitus aurium, q. v. p. Willisiana, deafness in 
quiet places with increased acuteness of hearing in 
the midst of noise. 

paracyclesis (par-ah-si-kle'-sis) [para-; kwcX^o-is, a 
revolution]. A disturbance of the circulation. 

paracyesis (par-as-i-e'-sis) [para-; kwi<tis, preg- 
nancy]. Extra-uterine pregnancy. 

paracystitis (par-ah-sis-li'-tis). Inflammation of 
the connective tissue surrounding the bladder. 

paracystium (par-ah-sis'-te-um) [para-; kvo-tis, 
a bladder]. The connective tissue which surrounds 
the bladder. 

paracytic (par-a-si'-tik) [para-; kvtos, cell]. Lying 
among cells. 

paradenitis (par-ad-en-i'-tis) [para-; 6.8-hv, gland; 
ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the areolar 
tissue about a gland. 

paradidymis (par-ah-did'-im-is) [para-; SiSvfios, tes- 
ticle]. The organ of Giraldes, the atrophic remains 
of the tubules of the Wolffian body, lying among 
the convolutions of the epididymis. 

paradiphtherial, paradiphtheritic (par-ah-dif-the'- 
re-al, par-ah-dif-ther-it'-ik). Remotely or indirectly 
related to diphtheria. 

paradox (par'-ad-oks). See paradoxia. p., Web- 
er's, a muscle when so loaded as to be unable to 
contract, may elongate. 

paradoxia (par-ad-oks'-e-ah) [irapa8o£os, incredible]. 
An absurd or contradictory statement or proposition. 
p. sexualis, sexual excitement occurring indepen- 
dently of the period of the physiological processes in 
the generative organs; the abnormal exhibition of 
sexual instincts in childhood or prior to puberty. 



paradoxical contraction. A slow tonic contraction 
occurring in a muscle when suddenly relaxed or when 
its length is suddenly shortened, p. pulse. See 
pulse, paradoxic. 

paresthesia. See paresthesia. 

paraffin, paraffinum (par'-af-in. par-af-i'-num) 
[parum, little; a finis, affinity]. 1. Any saturated 
hydrocarbon of the marsh-gas series, having the 
formula CnRm+z. 2. A white, odorless, translucent 
hydrocarbon (parajfinum, U. S. P.), obtained from 
coal-tar or by the destructive distillation of wood, 
paraffinum durum (B. P.), hard or solid paraffin, 
a mixture of several of the harder members of the 
paraffin series of hydrocarbons. It is usually 
obtained by distillation from shale, p., liquid, a 
liquid hydrocarbon of the paraffin series, paraffinum 
molle, soft paraffin; the petrolatum of the U. S. P. 
See petrolatum. 

paraffinoma (par-ah-fin-o'-mah). A tumor sup- 
posed to be due to the injection of paraffin into the 
tissues. 

paraflagellate {par-af-laj'-el-at) [para-; flagellum, 
a flagellum]. Provided with paraflagella. 

parafiagellum (par-af-laj-el'-um) [para-; flagellum, 
a whip; pi., paraflagella]. A small supplementary 
flagellum. 

paraflocculus (par-af-lok'-u-lus). See flocculus. 

paraform, paraformaldehyde (par'-ah-form, par- 
ah-form-al' -de-hid). See formaldehyde, para-. 

parafuchsin (par-ah-filk'-sin). A basic triphenyl- 
methane dyestuff. 

paragammacismus (par-ah-gam-ah-siz'-mus) [para- ; 
vanna, the Greek letter 7]. Inability to pronounce 
the hard "g," and also "k," other consonants being 
substituted.^ as "d" or "t." 

paraganglia cells (par-ah-gan'-gle-ah). Masses 
or cords which originate in the embryonic sympa- 
thetic ganglia. See chromaffin cells. 

paraganglia (par-ah-gang'-lin). A proprietary 
extract of the myelinic part of the suprarenal gland 
of the ox. 

paraganglion (par-ah-gang'-le-on) [para-; ganglion; 
pi., paraganglia]. A collection of cells situated in 
the medullary portion of the adrenal bodies. 

parageusia, parageusis {par-ah-gu'-se-ah, par-ah- 
gu'-sis) [para-; yevais, taste]. Perversion of the 
sense of taste. 

paraglobin (par-ag-lo'-bin). Same as paraglobulin. 

paraglobulin {par-ah-glob'-u-lin) [para-; globulus, 
a little ball]. A globulin found in blood-serum and 
other fluids of the body. Syn., fibrinoplastin ; 
fibroplastin ; serum-globulin. 

paraglobulinuria (par-ah-glob-u-lin-ii'-re-ah) [para- 
globulin ; ovpov, urine]. The presence of paraglobulin 
in the urine. 

paraglossa (par-ah-glos'-ah) [para-; y\cbo-va, the 
tongue]. Swelling of the tongue; also, a hypertrophy 
of the tongue, usually congenital. 

paraglossia (par-ag-los'-e-ah) [para-; y\a><r<ra, 
tongue]. Inflammation of the muscles and connec- 
tive tissues under the tongue. 

paragnathous (par-ag'-na-thus) [para-; yvaBos, 
jaw]. 1. Having both mandibles of equal length, 
their tips falling together, as in certain birds. 2. Per- 
taining to paragnathus. 

paragnathus {par-ag'-na-thus) [para-; yvafios, jaw]. 
A double monster having a supernumerary mandible 
situated laterally. 

paragomphosis (par-ag-om-pho' -sis) [para-; y6p.(j>03- 
<m, a nailing]. Impaction of the fetal head in the 
pelvic canal. 

paragonimiasis (par-ah-go-ne-mi'-a-sis) . The con- 
dition of being infected by the Paragonimus. 

Paragonimus (par-ag-on'-im-us) . A genus of nema- 
tode worms, p. Westermanii, the distoma pulmonale. 

paragonorrheal (par-ah-gon-o-re'-al). Having an 
indirect relation to gonorrhea. 

paragraphia [par-ah-graf'-e-ah) [para-; ypcupeiv, 
to write]. 1. A form of aphasia in which the person 
writes the improper word or misplaces the words. 
2. Inability to express ideas in writing. 

Paraguay tea (par'-ah-gwi). See mate. 

parahemoglobin (par-ah-hem-o-glo'-bin). 1. Nenc- 
ki's name for a polymeric modification of oxyhemo- 
globin. 2. A proprietary preparation of blood con- 
taining 5 % of iron. 

parahepatic (par-ah-he-pat'-ik) [para-; fiwap, liver]. 
About or near the liver. 

parahydropin (par-ah-hi'-dro-pin). A proprietary 
diuretic containing theobromine. 



PARAHYPNOSIS 



652 



PARALYSIS 



parahypnosis (par-ah-hip-no'-sis) [para-; virvos, 
sleep]. Abnormal sleep, like that of hypnotism or 
of narcosis. 

parainfection (par-ah-in-fek'-shun). The presence 
of symptoms which simulate those of an infectious 
disease, without the specific microorganism of that 
disease being present. 

parainfectious (par-ah-in-fek'-shus) . Pertaining 
to or characteristic of pathological states attributable 
to infection, which occur as accessory or by-conditions 
to some already existing disease. 

parakanthosis (par-ak-an-tho'-sis). See par acan- 
thosis. 

parakeratosis (par-ak-er-at-o'-sis) [para-; Kepas, 
horn; vbcros, disease]. Any disease of the skin 
characterized by an abnormal quality of the horny 
layer, p. variegata, a rare skin-affection charac- 
terized by the presence upon the entire surface of 
the body of a red exanthem leaving small, irregular, 
sunken patches of normal skin, and giving to the 
surface a reticulated appearance. 

parakinesis (par-ak-in-e'-sis) . See paracinesis. 

paralactate (par-ah-lak'-tat). A salt of paralactic 
acid. 

paralactic acid (par-ah-lak'-tik). See acid, sar co- 
lactic. 

paralalia (par-ah-la'-le-ah) [para-; XaXid, speech]. 
Disturbance of the faculty of speech. 

paralambdacism, paralambdacismus {par-al-am'- 
das-izm, par-al-am-das-iz'-mus) [para-; lambda, the 
letter X]. Inability to pronounce the letter /, or the 
substitution of other consonants as t, r, s, w for I. 

paralbumin (par-al-bii'-min) [para-; albumin]. 
A protein substance found in ovarian cysts. 

paraldehyde (par-al'-de-htd) [para-; aldehyde], 
C6H12O3. A polymeric form of aldehyde, occurring 
as a colorless liquid of repulsive odor and unpleasant 
taste, with powerful hypnotic properties. It is 
used in delirium tremens, mania, tetanus, and other 
nervous affections. Dose 30-60 min. (2-4 Cc). 

paraldol (par-al'-dol) [para-; aldehyde], (C4Hs02)n. 
A polymer of aldol that melts at between 80 ° and 
90 C. 

paraleipsis (par-al-ip'-sis) [para-; &\ei<f>elv, to 
anoint]. A disorder of the sebaceous secretion. 

paralerema (par-al-er-e'-mah) [para-; \ripr)p.a, 
utterance]. Delirium, or delirious utterance. 

paraleresis (par-al-er-e'-sis) [para-; Xrjp-fiais, speech]. 
Delirium, or moderate mental disturbance. 

paralexia (par-ah-leks'-e-ah) [para-; Xe£is, speech] 
Disturbance of the power of reading, consisting in 
the transposition or substitution of words or syl- 
lables. 

paralgesia {par-al-je'-ze-ah) [para-; a\yos, pain]. 
An abnormal painful sensation; painful paresthesia. 

paralgia (par-al'-je-ah) [para-; &\yos, pain]. Any 
perverted and disagreeable cutaneous sensation, as 
of formication, cold, burning, etc. 

paralinin {par-al-i'-nin) [para-; linin, parachro- 
matin]. In biology, the nuclear sap or matrix, a 
protein of the globulin class, similar to those found 
in the cell-protoplasm. Cf. paramitome, paraplasm. 

parallactic (par-al-ak'-tik). Pertaining to parallax. 

parallagma (par-al-ag'-ma) [irapaXXayp-a, alterna- 
tion]. The overriding or overlapping of the ends of a 
fractured bone. 

parallax {par'-al-aks) [para-; aXXos, other]. The 
apparent displacement of an object due to a change 
in the position of the observer, or by looking at it 
alternately with one eye and then with the other. 
p., binocular, the angle of convergence of the visual 
axes, p., crossed, p., heteronymous, that in which 
the object moves away from the uncovered eye. 
p., homonymous, that in which the object moves 
toward the uncovered eye. p., mental, a slight 
personal equation in observation due to one's stand- 
point, p., stereoscopic. See p., binocular, p. test, 
for locating opacities in the cornea, lens, and vitreous. 
It is used with the plane mirror at ten to twelve 
inches. A body situated anterior to the plane of the 
pupil will move in the direction taken by the eye, 
while one posterior to the plane of the lens will move 
against the direction taken by the eye. Bodies lying 
about the same plane as the pupil will show little 
if any movement, p., vertical, that in which the 
object moves upward or downward. 

parallelism (par'-al-el-izm). See isopathy. p. of 
disease, the tendency in diseases to simulate others. 

paralogia (par-ah-lo'-je-ah) [para-; X670S, reason]. 
Difficulty in thinking logically, p., thematic, a 



condition in which the thought is unduly concen- 
trated on one subject. 

paralogism (par-al'-o-jism) [para-; \6yos, reason]. 
The logical error of considering effects or unrelated 
phenomena as the cause of a condition. 

paralysant (par-al-i'-zant). See paralyzant. 

paralysin (par-al'-is-in). See agglutinin. 

paralysis (par-aV-is-is) [para-; \veiv, to loosen]. 
A loss of motion or of sensation in a part, p., acute 
amyotrophic spinal. Same as p., infantile, p., 
acute ascending. See Landry's disease, p., acute 
atrophic. See p., infantile, p., acute progressive. 
See Landry's disease, p. agitans, an affection 
marked by tremor or alternate contraction and 
relaxation of the muscles of the part involved. It 
usually begins in one hand and seldom affects the 
head. The movements persist during rest and are 
little influenced by voluntary motion. Late in the 
disease there is a typical gait (festination), which 
consists in progressive increase of the gait until the 
patient breaks into a run which grows faster and 
faster until he falls or seizes some support. The 
disease is most common in males over forty and 
may last thirty or forty years. Syn., Parkinson's 
disease; shaking palsy, p., alcoholic, multiple 
neuritis from alcoholism, p., amyotrophic, that 
occurring as the sequel of some acute disease, and 
attended by atrophy of certain muscles, p., angio-. 
See angioparalysis. p., ascending, a form of paralysis 
marked by loss of motor power in the legs, gradually 
extending upward, p., asthenic bulbar. See myas- 
thenia gravis pseudoparalytica. p., x atrophic bulbar. 
Same as p., bulbar, p., atrophic muscular. See 
p., amyotrophic. _ p. atrophic spinal. See p. infantile. 
p., atrophospastic. See amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. 
p., Bell's. See p., facial, p., bifacial, paralysis of 
both sides of the face, p., birth-. See paraplegia, 
infantile spasmodic, p., brachial, palsy affecting 
one or both arms, p., brachiofacial, that affecting 
both arm and face, p., Brown-Sequard's, a motor 
paralysis of one side of the body with sensory paralysis 
of the other side, p., bulbar, a form due to the de- 
generation of the nuclei of origin of the nerves arising 
in the oblongata, p., central, a paralysis due to a 
lesion of the brain or spinal cord, p., cerebral, a 
paralysis due to a brain-lesion, p., cortical, that 
due to lesion of the cerebral cortex, p., crossed, a 
paralysis of the arm and leg of one side, associated 
with either a facial paralysis or a paralysis of the 
oculomotor nerve of the opposite side, p., crural, 
that chiefly affecting the thighs, p., crutch. See 
crutch paralysis, p., Cruveilhier's, progressive mus- 
cular atrophy, p., diphtheritic, a motor paralysis 
due to the action of the diphtheria toxin on the 
nervous system, chiefly on the peripheral nerves. 
p., divers'. See caisson disease, p., Duchenne's. 
See Duchenne's paralysis, p., Erb's, a partial par- 
alysis of the brachial plexus, involving the nerves 
supplying the deltoid, biceps, brachialis anticus, 
and supinator longus, often the supinator brevis, 
and occasionally the infraspinatus and subscapularis 
muscles, p., facial, a paralysis of the muscles of the 
face, usually of one side only, due to central dis- 
ease or due to a lesion of the facial nerve, p. festi- 
nans, a phase of paralysis agitans in which the 
patient walks as if hurried forward, p., general, 
of the insane, an organic disease of the brain char- 
acterized by progressive loss of power and by a deteri- 
oration of the mental faculties, ending eventually 
in dementia and death. The main symptoms may 
be divided into psychic, motor, and sensory. The 
psychic symptoms are principally a change of char- 
acter and delusions of grandeur; the motor are 
weakness, tremor, disturbance of speech, apoplecti- 
form or epileptiform seizures, and finally motor 
paralysis; there is often inequality of the pupils, 
with miosis or mydriasis; sensory symptoms are 
slight and consist chiefly in paresthesias. The 
causes are obscure — -syphilis and severe nervous 
strain are important factors. Syn., general paresis; 
paralytic dementia; paretic dementia; progressive 
paralysis of the insane, p., glossolabial. Same as 
p., bulbar, p., glossOlabiolaryngeal, bulbar paralysis. 
p., histrionic, a name for Bell's facial palsy, because 
it destroys the power of facial expression, p., hys- 
terical, that associated with hysteria, but without 
any causative: lesion, p., incomplete, partial loss 
of power, p., infantile, a disease peculiar to child- 
hood, and characterized by sudden paralysis of one 
or more limbs or of individual muscle-groups, and 



PARALYTIC 



653 



PARAMUSIA 



followed by rapid wasting of the affected parts, with 
reaction of degeneration and deformity. The 
paralysis is due to changes in the anterior cornua 
of the gray matter of the spinal cord, and is probably 
the result of infection. Syn. acute anterior polio- 
myelitis; acute atrophic paralysis; atrophic spinal 
paralysis; essential paralysis, p., ischemic, paralysis 
of a part due to stoppage of the circulation, e. g., 
paralysis of the lower limb following embolism or 
thrombosis of the femoral artery, p., Klumpke's, 
a paralysis involving the lower portion of the brachial 
plexus, the eighth cervical and first dorsal nerves, 
and characterized by paralysis of the small muscles 
of the hand, of some of the muscles of the forearm, 
with anesthesia in the distribution of the ulnar and 
median nerves. Pupillary changes may be present. 
p., Landry's. See Landry's disease, p., lead-, 
a paralysis due to lead, usually of the extensors of 
the wrist, causing wrist-drop. It is nearly always 
bilateral, and is caused by a peripheral neuritis induced 
by the lead-poisoning, p., Little's, infantile spas- 
modic paraplegia, p., local, that confined to one 
muscle or one group of muscles, p., mimetic. See 
Bell's paralysis, p., motor, paralysis of the voluntary 
muscles, p., musculospiral, paralysis of the extensors 
and supinators of the wrist, due to an injury or to 
inflammation of the musculospiral nerve, p., myo- 
sclerotic. See p., pseudohypertrophic muscular, p., 
narcosis, pressure paralysis in the region of the bra- 
chial plexus due to prolonged narcosis, during which 
the arm is elevated with the head resting upon it or 
it is pressed against the edge of the table, p., 
nuclear, one due to a lesion of the nuclei of origin of a 
cranial nerve, p., obstetrical, any paralysis of the 
child resulting from injuries received during delivery. 
p., oculomotor, that attacking the oculomotor nerve. 
p., peripheral, loss of power due to a lesion of the 
nervous motor mechanism between the nuclei of 
origin and peripheral termination, p., postdiph- 
theritic. See p., diphtheritic, p., pressure, paralysis 
of a group of muscles supplied by a nerve which has 
been subjected to prolonged pressure, p., pseudo- 
bulbar, a symmetrical lesion of the halves of the 
cerebrum producing paralysis of the lips, the tongue, 
and the larynx or the pharynx, p., pseudohyper- 
trophic muscular, a chronic disease characterized by 
progressive muscular weakness, associated with an 
apparent hypertrophy of the affected muscles. The 
disease usually begins in the muscles of the calf, 
and spreads over the body, the muscles of the hand 
almost always escaping. There are marked lordosis 
and a peculiar gait, with wide separation of the legs 
and swaying of the body from side to side. The 
characteristic symptom is the manner in which the 
patient arises from the floor — he "climbs" up on his 
legs, on account of the weakened state of the extensor 
muscles of the back. It is most common in young 
male children. The disease is entirely myopathic, 
no adequate nerve-lesion having as yet been dis- 
covered. The muscles are the seat of hypertrophy 
and atrophy of muscular fibers, hyperplasia of 
the connective tissue, and fatty infiltration, p., 
reflex, the paralysis sometimes following immediately 
upon a wound of a nerve, or the paraplegia some- 
times due to irritation of an adherent prepuce. Other 
so-called reflex palsies, as that from renal calculus, 
are probably due to secondary changes in the spinal 
cord or nerves, p., segmental, that of a segment 
of a limb produced by hypnotism, p., sensory, 
anesthesia, p., spastic, a paralysis associated with 
rigidity" of the muscles and heightened tendon- 
reflexes, p., spastic spinal, lateral sclerosis, p. 
spinalis, paraplegia, p., vasomotor, paralysis of the 
vasomotor center or of the vasomotor nerves; it 
leads to dilatation of the blood-vessels, p., wasting, 
progressive muscular atrophy, p., writers', writers' 
cramp. 

paralytic (par-al-it'-ik). i. Of the nature of 
paralysis; affected with paralysis. 2. A person 
suffering from paralysis; also one suffering from 
general paralysis of the insane, p. dementia, general 
paresis, p. flail-joint, flail-joint the result of par- 
alysis. 

paralyzant (par-al-l'-zant) [paralysis]. 1. Causing 
paralysis. 2. An agent or drug that induces par- 
alysis, p., motor, a drug paralyzing any part of 
the motor apparatus: the motor cells of the spinal 
cord, the motor nerves, or the muscles. 

paralyzing vertigo. See Gerlier's disease. 

paramagnetic (par-ah-mag-nef -ik) . Exhibiting a 



polarity in the same direction as the magnetizing 
force. 

paramagnetism (par-ah-mag' '-net-izm) [para-; mag- 
net]. The phenomena exhibited by paramagnetic 
substances. 

paramastitis (par-ah-mas-ti'-tis) [para-; mastitis]. 
Inflammation of the connective tissue about the 
mamma. 

paramastoid (par-am-as'-toid) [para-; mastoid]. 
1. Situated near the mastoid process. 2. The 
jugular process of the occipital bone. 

Paramecium (par-am-e' -se-um) [para-; nrjvos, length: 
pi., paramecia]. A longitudinal fissure. 

Paramecium or Paramoecium (par-ah-me' -se-um). 
A genus of ciliate protozoa. P. cob:, a species found 
in normal and diarrheal stools. Also called Balanti- 
dium coli. 

paramedian (par-am-e' -de-an) [para-; medius, 
middle]. Situated near the median line. p. sulcus, 
a fissure present in the cervical portion of the spinal 
cord, not far from the posterior median fissure, and 
separating the column of Goll from the funiculus 
cuneatus. 

paramenia (par-ah-me' -ne-ah) [para-; pf/ves, men- 
ses]. Difficult or disordered menstruation. 

paramesial (par-ah-me' -ze-al) [para-; fieaos, middle]. 
Located near the mesial line. 

parametric (par-ah-met'-rik) [parametrium]. Per- 
taining to the tissues about the uterus. 

parametrism (par-ah-met'-rizm) [parametrium]. 
Painful spasm of the smooth muscular fibers of the 
broad ligament. 

parametritic (par-am-et-rit'-ik) [para-; urirpa, 
uterus ; irts, inflammation]. Relating to, of the nature 
of, or affected with, parametritis. 

parametritis (par-ah-met-ri'-tis) [parametrium; ins, 
inflammation]. Inflammation of the cellular tissue 
about the uterus; pelvic cellulitis, p., anterior, 
that in which the inflammation is limited to the 
loose vesicouterine cellular tissue or that between the 
symphysis and the bladder. The swelling is anterior, 
and the pus generally tracks into the bladder, vagina, 
or inguinal region, p. chronica atrophicans, in- 
flammatory hypertrophy of the connective tissue of 
the pelvis progressing to cicatricial atrophy, p. 
chronica posterior, chronic inflammatory processes 
in Douglas' folds, causing fixation of the uterus at 
the level of the internal os and anteflexion by shorten- 
ing of the folds and torsion of the uterus when only 
one fold is shortened, p., remote, parametritis 
marked by formation of abscesses in places more or 
less remote from the focus of the disease. 

parametrium (par-ah-me' -tre-um) [para-; p.r\rpa, 
womb]. The connective tissue surrounding the 
uterus. 

paramimia (par-ah-mim'-e-ah) [para-; (ii/ieiadai, 
to mimic]. A form of aphasia characterized by the 
faulty use of gestures. 

paramitome (par -ah-mi' -torn) [para-; niros, a 
thread]. The fluid portion of the cell-substance, 
contained in the meshes of the mitome. 

paramnesia (par-am-ne'-ze-ah) [para-; amnesia]. 
Illusion of memory, especially the illusion of feeling, 
as if one had already undergone the experience 
which may be passing. 

paramcecium. See Paramecium. 

paramonochlorphenol (par-ah-mon-o-klor-fe'-nol) , 
C 6 H4(C1) . OH(i : 4). A crystalline body obtained 
by the chlorination of phenol; it is antiseptic and 
employed in erysipelas, tuberculous diseases of 
throat, etc., in 5 to 20 % solution in glycerol. 

paramorphia (par-am-or'-fe-ah) [para-; nop<p-h, 
form]. Abnormality of form. 

paramorphic (par-am-or'-fik) [para-; nop<pfi, form]. 
Pertaining to paramorphism. 

paramorphine (par-ak-mor'-fen). See thebaine. 

paramorphism (par-am-orf'-izm) [para-; p.op<pr), 
form]. In chemistry, a variety of pseudomorphism 
in which there is a change of molecular structure 
without alteration of external form or chemical 
constitution. 

paramorphosis (par-am-or-fo'-sis) [para-; nop<t>r), 
form]. Same as paramorphism. 

paramucin (par-ah-mu'-sin). A colloid isolated 
from ovarian cysts; it differs from mucin and pseudo- 
mucin by reducing Fehling's solution before boiling 
with acid. 

paramusia (par-ah-mu'-ze-ah) [para-; novomri, 
music]. A form of aphasia in which there is per- 



PARAMYOCLONUS 



654 



PARAPOPHYSIS 



version of the musical sense, resulting in the pro- 
duction of improper notes and intervals. 

paramyoclonus multiplex (par-ah-mi-ok'-lonus 
mul'-tip-leks). A neurosis marked by sudden, shock- 
like muscular contractions, which are bilateral and 
do not, as a rule, affect the hands or face. The 
etiology is unknown, and the disease is believed to be 
analogous to chronic adult chorea. 

paramyosinogen (par-ah-mi-o-sin'-o-jen). One of 
the proteins of muscle-plasma, coagulating at 47 ° C. 

paramyotonia (par-ah-mi-o-to'-ne-ah) [para-; p,vs, 
muscle; tovos, tone]. A perversion of muscular 
tonicity characterized by tonic spasms. It is 
usually congenital, p. congenita, congenital para- 
myotonia. See Thomsen's disease. 

paranephrin (par-ah-nef'-rin). A preparation 
obtained from the suprarenal gland. See also 
adrenalin chloride. 

paranephritis (par-ah-nef-ri'-tis). 1. Inflammation 
of the paranephros. 2. Inflammation of the con- 
nective tissue about the kidney. 

paranephros (par-ah-nef'-ros) [para-; vt<ppb$, kid- 
ney]. The suprarenal capsule. 

paranesthesia (par-an-es-the'-ze-ah). See para- 
anesthesia. 

paraneural (par-ah-nu'-ral) [para-; vevpov, nerve]. 
Beside or near a nerve. 

paraneurismus (par-an-u-riz'-mus) [para-; vevpov, 
nerve]. A nervous disorder, or perversion of nerve- 
function. 

parangi (par-an'-je). See frambesia. 

paranoea (par-an-e'-ah). See paranoia. 

paranoia (par-ah-noi'-ah) [para-; vovs, mind]. 
Mental aberration, especially a chronic disease 
characterized by systematized delusions. 

paranoiac (par-ah-noi'-ak) [paranoia]. 1. Affected 
with paranoia. 2. A person who is affected with 
paranoia; a "crank." 

paranoid (par'-an-oid). Resembling paranoia. 

paranomia (par-ah-no'-me-ah) [para-; 6vop.a, a 
name]. See aphasia, optic, and a., tactile. 

paranuclear (par-an-u'-kle-ar). Pertaining to the 
paranucleus. 

paranucleate {par-an-u'-kle-at). Provided with a 
paranucleus. 

paranuclein {par-ah-nu'-kle-in). A combination 
of albumin with metaphosphoric acid, split off from 
the nucleoalbumins by action of pepsin hydrochloric 
acid. 

paranucleolus (par-ah-nu-kle'-o-lus) [para-; nucle- 
olus]. An irregular body sometimes found inside 
the nucleus of a cell prior to the division of the latter. 

paranucleon (par-ah-nu'-kle-on). Phosphocarnic 
acid, a complex body supposed to constitute the 
source of muscle energy. It gives rise to lactic acid 
and CO2 on hydrolysis. 

paranucleoprotein (par-ah-nil-kle-o-pro'-te-in). A 
synonym of nucleoalbumin. 

paranucleus (par-ah-nu'-kle-us) [para-; nucleus, 
kernel]. An irregular spherical body lying in the 
protoplasm of a cell near the nucleus and perhaps 
extruded by the latter. 

paraoxyethylacetanilide (par-ah-oks-e-eth-il-as-et- 
an'-il-id) . Acetphenetidin. 

parapancreatic (par-ah-pan-kre-at'-ik). Situated 
beside or near the pancreas, p. abscess, an abscess 
in the tissue alongside of the pancreas. 

paraparesis (par-ah-par'-es-is, or par-ah-par-e' -sis) . 
Partial paralysis of the lower extremities. 

paraparetic {par-ap-ar-et'-ik) [para-; paresis]. 
Pertaining to, or affected with, paraparesis. 

parapathia (par-ap-ath'-e-ah) [para-; iriBos, affec- 
tion]. Moral insanity. 

parapedesis (par-ah-ped-e'-sis) [para-; irk8r)<TLs, a 
bending]. Passage of any secretion or excretion 
through other than the normal channel. 

parapeptone (par-ah-pep'-ton). See peptone. 
paraperitoneal (par-ah-per-it-o-ne'-al). Situated 
near the peritoneum. 

paraphasia (par-ah-fa'-ze-ah) [para-; <p&<ns, speech]. 
A form of aphasia in which there is inability to 
connect ideas with the proper words to express the 
ideas. 

paraphenetolcarbamide (par-ah-fe-net-ol-kar'-bam- 
id). Sucrol. 

paraphenylendiamine (par-ah-fen-il-en-di'-am-in) , 
C6HsN2. A crystalline substance obtained by the 
nitration of acetanilide and reduction with tin and 
hydrochloric acid. It is used in the manufacture of 
certain hair-dyes, and gives rise to eczema of the 



scalp and eyelids, or poisoning marked by vomiting, 
diarrhea, etc. 

paraphia (par-af'-e-ah) [para-; a<pv, touch]. Ab- 
normality of the sense of touch. 

paraphimosis {par-ah-fi-mo'-sis). Retraction and 
constriction of the prepuce behind the glans penis. 

paraphonia (par-ah-fo'-ne-ah) [para-; <j>wfj, voice]. 
Any abnormal condition of the voice, p. clangens, 
shrillness of the voice, p. puberum, p. pubescentium, 
the harsh, deep, irregular voice noticed in boys 
at puberty. 

paraphora (par-af'-o-rah) [irapa<t>opa, wandering]. 
1. Slight mental derangement or distraction. 2. Un- 
steadiness due to intoxication. 

paraphrasia (par-ah-fra'-ze-ah) [para-; <j>paais, 
utterance]. A form of aphasia characterized by 
incoherence of speech, p. praeceps, precipitant 
utterance of incoherent speech, p. tarda, abnormal 
delay in the expression of thoughts, p. verbalis, 
the interpolation of an inappropriate word. p. 
vesana, jumbling of words and ideas. 

paraphrenesis (par-af-ren-e'-sis) [para-; <pp-qv, 
mind]. Amentia; delirium, or insanity. 

paraphrenia, paraphrenias (par-ah-fre'-ne-ah, par- 
ah-fren-i'-tis) [para-; <ppi)v, mind; diaphragm]. 

1. Delirium; a mental disease. 2. Inflammation 
of the diaphragm. 

paraphrenitis (par-ah-fre-ni'-tis) [para-; fypty, 
diaphragm; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the 
tissues adjacent to the diaphragm. 

paraphronesis (par-af-ro-ne'-sis) [para-; <ppi)v, 
mind]. Insanity. 

paraphysis (par-af'-is-is) [para-; $veiv, to pro- 
duce: pi., paraphyses], 1. In biology, sterile fila- 
ments among reproductive bodies of various kinds 
in certain cryptogams. 2. A mesal outgrowth 
from the roof of the brain cephalad of the epiphysis 
or conarium. 

paraplasm (par'-ah-plazm) [para-; irXdana, a thing 

formed]. 1. The fluid substance in the meshes of 

the cell-protoplasm. 2. A heteroplasm or false 

growth. 

paraplast (par'-ah-plast). A proprietary plaster mass. 

paraplastic (par-ah-plas'-tik) [paraplasm]. 1. Of 
the nature of paraplasm. 2. Having morbid forma- 
tive powers, p. formations, the contractile sub- 
stance of the muscular fibrils, the nervous fibers, 
and the red blood-corpuscles. 

paraplectic (par-ap-lek'-tik) [para-; irXrjyr}, a 
stroke]. Stricken with paraplegia. 

paraplegia (par-ah-ple'-je-ah) [para-; irXrjyr), stroke]. 
Paralysis of the lower half of the body or of the 
lower extremities, p., ataxic, a disease charac- 
terized clinically by a combination of ataxia and 
exaggerated tendon-reflexes, and anatomically by 
sclerosis of the posterior and lateral columns of the 
cord. p. diabetica, a peripheral paralysis of the 
extensor muscles of the feet in diabetic subjects. 
It differs from tabes in absence of disturbance of 
coordination and sensibility, p. dolorosa, painful 
pressure-paraplegia due to neoplasms in the spinal 
cord, p., ideal, reflex paraplegia due to emotion, p., 
infantile spasmodic, a spastic paralysis coming on 
in early childhood, and usually dependent on a 
cerebral lesion with failure of proper development 
or secondary sclerosis of the motor tracts of the spinal 
cord. The causes are injuries during birth, intrauter- 
ine cerebral inflammation, or anomalies of brain- 
development. Syn., birth-palsy; spasmodic tabes 
dor sails; spastic cerebral paraplegia, p. simplex 
senilis, that dependent upon disturbed nutrition of 
the cortex, causing, in advanced age, paralysis of 
the legs without muscular atrophy, p., spastic, 
lateral sclerosis, p., tetanoid, lateral sclerosis. 

paraplegic {par-ah-ple'-jik) [paraplegia]. Per* 
taining to, or affected with, paraplegia. 

paraplegiform (par-ah-ple'-je-form). Resembling 
paraplegia. 

parapleuritis {par-ah-ploo-ri'-tis). 1. Pleurodynia. 

2. A slight degree of pleuritis. 3. Inflammation of 
the wall of the chest. 

paraplexus (par-ap-leks'-us) [para-; plexus, a 
braid]. The choroid plexus of the paracele or 
lateral ventricle of the brain. 

parapneumonia {par-ah-nu-mo'-ne-ah). A disease 
presenting the symptom of lobar pneumonia, but 
not due to the pneumococcus. 

parapophysis (par-ap-off'-is-is) [para-; &Tr6<pv<ris, 
offshoot]. In comparative anatomy, the process 
homologous to the lower process of a vertebra. 



PARAPOPLEXY 



655 



PARATROPE 



parapoplexy (par-ap'-o-pleks-e) [para-; apoplexy]. 
A masked or slight form of apoplexy. 

paraproctitis (par-ah-prok-ti'-tis). Inflammation 
of the connective tissue about the rectum. 

paraproctium (par-ap-rok'-te-um) [para-; itpwktos, 
anus]. The connective tissue that surrounds the 
rectum. 

parapsis (par-ap'-sis) [para-; iixpLs, a touching]. 
Perversion of the sense of touch. 

parapyknomorphous (par-ah-pik-no-mor'-fus) 

[para-; ttvkvos, thick; ixop4>-q, form]. A term applied 
to nerve-cells in which the arrangement of the 
stainable portion of cell-body is intermediate between 
that of pyknomorphous and apyknomorphous 
cells. 

paraqueduct (par-ak'-we-duct) [para-; aqueduct]. 
The lateral portion of the aqua^ductus cerebri. 

pararectal {par-ar-ek'-tal) [para-; rectum]. Beside 
or near the rectum, p. pouch, a peritoneal de- 
pression behind the broad ligament and beside the 
rectum. 

parareducine (par-ah-re-dil'-sen) [para-; reducer e, 
to lead back]. A leukomaine found in conjunction 
with reducine in the urine. 

pararhotacfsm {par-ah-ro' -tas-izm) . See rhotacism. 

pararhythmus (par-ar-ith'-mus) [para-; rhythm]. 
Disturbed rhythm. 

pararthrema, pararthresis (par-ar-thre'-mah, par- 
ar-thre'-sis) [para-; apBpov, joint]. Subluxation. 

pararthria (par-ar'-thre-ah) [para-; ap&pov, articu- 
lation]. A disorder of articulate speech. 

parasacral (par-ak-sa'-kral). Beside or near the 
sacrum. 

parasalpingitis {par-ah-sal-pin-ji'-tis) . Inflamma- 
tion of the tissues around an oviduct. 

parasecretion (par-as-e-kre'-shun) [para-; secernere, 
to secrete]. Any abnormality of secretion; any 
substance abnormally secreted. 

parasigmatism (par-ah-sig'-mat-izm) [para-; o-lyfia, 
the Greek letter s]. The inability to pronounce 
"s" or "sh,", another letter, as "/." being substituted. 

parasinoidal (par-ah-sin-oi'-dal) [para-; sinus]. 
Lying near or along a cerebral sinus, p. spaces, 
the expansion of the cerebral veins just before 
emptying into the superior longitudinal sinus. 

parasite (par'-ah-sit) [para-; alros, food], i. An 
animal or vegetable living upon or within another 
organism, termed the host. 2. In teratology, a 
fetus or fetal parts attached to or included in another 
fetus; an autosite. p., autochthonous, a parasite 
which is descended from the tissues of the host. 
p., endophytic, one living within the tissues of its 
host, p., epiphytic, one living on the surface, p., 
facultative, one usually parasitic, but able to live 
alone, p., obligate, one that dies without its 
host. 

parasitic (par-ah-sit'-ik) [parasite], 1 . Of the nature 
of a parasite; living upon or in an animal or vegetable, 
as parasitic bacteria, parasitic worms. 2. Caused 
by parasites, as parasitic skin diseases. 

parasiticide (par-ah-sit'-is-id) [parasite; ccedere, 
to kill]. 1. Destructive to parasites. 2. An agent 
capable of destroying parasites, especially one 
destroying the parasites living upon or in the skin. 

parasitifer (par-ah-sit'-if-er [parasite; <j>kpetv, to 
bear]. The host of a parasite. 

parasitism (par'-ah-si-tizm) [parasite]. The rela- 
tion that a parasite bears to its host; infestion by 
parasites. 

parasitize {par' -as-it-iz) [para-; alros, food]. To 
infest; the act of one organism becoming parasitic 
within or upon another. 

parasitogenesis (par-as-it-o-jen'-es-is) [para-; alros, 
food; yeveo-is, genesis]. 1. The formation of para- 
sites. 2. A bodily condition favoring the develop- 
ment of parasites. 

parasitogenetic (par-ah-si-to-jen-et'-ik) [parasite ; 
yewav, to beget]. Produced by parasites; depending 
for its origin upon parasites. 

parasitologist {par-as-it-ol'-o-jist). One versed in 
parasitology. 

parasitology (par-ah-si-iol'-o-je) [parasite; \6yos, 
science]. The study of parasites. 

parasitosis (par-as-it-o'-sis) [para-; alros, food; 
voaos, disease]. Any disease dependent upon the 
presence of parasites. The development of a para- 
sitic disease. 

parasitotrope, parasitotropic (par-ah-si' '-to-lrop , 
par-ah-si-to-trop' -ik) . A substance in the blood 
with a special affinity for parasites. 



parasitotropic {par-ah-si-to-trop' -ik) [parasite; 

rpdiros, a turn]. Pertaining to a substance which is 
attracted by a (micro-) parasite. 

parasoma (par-ah-so'-mah) [para-; <r&p.a, body]. 
An irregular body found in cell-protoplasm and 
situated near the nucleus. 

paraspadia (par-ah-spa'-de-ah) [para-; o-iraeiv, to 
draw]. A condition in which the urethia opens on 
one side of the penis. 

paraspasm (par'-ah-spazm). 1. Spasm involving 
both lower extremities. 2. Spastic paraplegia. 

parastata (par-as'-tat-ah) [para-; Lo-ravai, to stand]. 

1. The epididymis. 2. The prostate gland. 
parastatadenitis (par-as-tat-ad-en-i'-tis). 1. Epi- 
didymitis. 2. Prostatitis. 

parastatitis (par-as-tat-i'-lis). 1. Epididymitis. 

2. Prostatitis. 

parasteatosis (par-as-te-at-o'-sis) [para-; arkap, 
a hard fat]. An altered condition of the sebaceous 
secretion. 

parasternal (par-ah-ster'-nal) [para-; sternum]. 
Beside or near the sternum. ' p. line, an imaginary 
vertical line midway between the margin- of the ster- 
num and the line passing through the nipple, p. 
region, the region between the sternal margin and 
the parasternal line. 

parastramnia, parastremma (par-as-tram'-ne-ah, 
par-as-trem' -ah) [■Ka.pa.o-rpk4>€iv, to twist]. Distortion 
of the mouth or face. 

parasynapsis (par-ah-sin-ap'-sis) [para-; awairreiv, 
to unite]. The union of chromosomes side by side. 
Cf. telosynapsis. 

parasynovitis (par-ah-sin-o-vi'-tis) Inflammation 
of the structures about a joint. 

parasyphilis, parasyphilosis (par-ah-sif'-il-is, -sif- 
il-o'-sis). A series of morbid manifestations not 
having the anatomicopathological characteristics of 
syphilis, but apparently of syphilitic origin,; e. g. 
tabes, general paralysis, etc. 

parasyphilitic (par-as-if-il-it'-ik) [para-; syphilis]. 
Not unlike syphilis, or in some way resembling 
syphilis. 

parasystole (par-as-is'-to-le) [para-; systole]. 1. 
The interval between the cardiac systole and the 
diastole. 2. Such an interval when it is abnormally 
prolonged. 

parateresiomania (par-at-er-es-e-o-ma'-ne-ah) [irapa- 
Trjprjtns, observation; p.avla, madness]. A mania for 
observing, or seeing new sights. 

parathelioma (par-ah-the-le-o'-mah) [para-; #77X17, 
nipple; 6/m, a tumor]. A tumor located near the nipple. 

parathenar (par-ath-e'-nar) [para-; Bkvap, the sole 
of the foot]. Applied to the abductor and flexor 
brevis muscles of the little toe. 

parathymia (par-ath-i'-me-ah) [para-; 6vn6s, mind]. 
Mental strain, or overwork. 

parathyrine (par-ah-thi'-ren) [para-; thyroid]. The 
active principle of the parathyroid glands. 

parathyroid (par-ah-tki'-roid). 1. Lying beside 
the thyroid gland. 2. An accessory thyroid gland. 

parathyroidectomy (par-ah-thi-roid-ek'-to-me) 

[para-; thyroid; i/crop-fi, an excision]. Excision of a 
parathyroid gland. 

parathyroidin (par-ah-thi-roi'-din). Trade name 
of a preparation made from the parathyroid glands. 

parathyroprivic (par-ah-thi-ro-priv'-ik) [parathyroid; 
privus, deprived of]. Pertaining to the condition 
due to loss of function of or removal of the para- 
thyroid glands. 

paratoloid (par-al'-o-loid). A name given to the 
fluid used by Koch in the treatment of tuberculosis; 
tuberculin. 

paratonia (par-ah-io'-ne-ah) [para-; tow, tension]. 
Overextension: excessive tension. 

paratopia (par-al-o'-pe-ah) [para-; tokos, place]. 
Displacement. 

paratoxin (par-ah-toks'-in). A bile preparation 
containing cholesterin, but without bile-pigments; 
it has been used in tuberculosis. 

paratrichosis (par-ah-trik-o'-sis) [para-; dpi%, hair]. 
A condition in which the hair is either imperfect in 
growth or develops in abnormal places. 

paratrimma (par-ah-trim'-ah) [para-; rplfitiv, to 
rub]. Intertrigo. 

paratripsis (par-at-rip'-sis) [para-: rpl&eiv, to rub]. 
1. A rubbing. 2. An increase in waste. 

paratriptic (par-at-rip'-tik) [para-; rplfieiv, to rub]. 
Rubbing together; increasing waste. 

paratrope (par-at'-ro-pe) [para-; rpkireiv, to turn]. 
Twisting of a limb. 



PARATROPHY 



656 



PARIES 



paratrophy (par-at'-ro-fe) [para-; rpotpij, nutrition], 
i. Perverted or abnormal nutrition; hypertrophy. 
2. Adiposis dolorosa. 

paratuberculosis {par-ah-tu-ber-ku-lo'-sis). A dis- 
ease with symptoms similar to tuberculosis, but in 
which the tubercle bacillus cannot be found. 

paratyphlitis (par-ah-tif-li'-tis). Inflammation of 
the connective tissue behind the cecum. 

paratyphoid (par-ah-ti'-foid). An affection pro- 
duced by the paracolon bacillus, presenting all the 
characteristic symptoms of typhoid, but in which 
the Widal reaction is negative; the serums, however, 
react promptly to other bacteria of the colon-typhoid 
group, which may be isolated from the blood or 
from the excrement. 

paratyphus (par-ah-ti'-fus). Synonym of para- 
typhoid. 

paratypical, paratypicus (par-ah-tip' '-ik-al, -us). 
Irregular; not typical in character. 

paraumbilical (par-ah-um-bil-ik-al) [para-; um- 
bilicus]. Near the navel. 

paraurethral (par-ah-u-re'-thral). Beside the 
urethra. 

paravaginitis (par-av-aj-in-i'-tis) [para-; vagina; 
itls, inflammation]. Inflammation of the connective 
tissue surrounding the vagina. 

paravertebral (par-av-er'-te-bral) [para-; vertebra]. 
Situated near the spinal column. 

paravesical (par-av-es' -ik-al) [para-; vesica, blad- 
der]. Situated near the urinary bladder, p. pouch, 
the peritoneal pocket on either side of the bladder. 

paraxanthin (par-ah-zan'-thin) [para-; xanthin], 
C7H8N4O2. Dimethylxanthin, a crystalline leuko- 
maine occurring in normal urine and isomeric with 
theobromine, which it resembles in its action upon 
the organism, producing muscular rigidity, dyspnea, 
and diminution in reflex excitability. 

paraxial (par-aks'-e-al) [para-; axis]. Lying near 
the axis of the body. 

paraxon (par-aks'-on) [para-; axon], A lateral 
branch of the axis-cylinder process of a nerve-cell; 
a collateral fiber. 

parazoon {par-ah-zo'-on) [para-; $(oov, an animal]. 
An organism parasitic upon an animal; an ecto- 
parasite. 

parazygosis (par-az-i-go'-sis) [para-; {vyelv, to 
yoke]. The condition of a double monster in which 
there is union of the trunks above the umbilicus. 
It includes xiphopagus, thoracopagus, and pleuro- 
pagus. 

parchment-crackling. The peculiar sound elicited 
by pressure on the cranial bones in children the 
subjects of rickets and congenital syphilis. It is 
due to a localized hypertrophy of the bones. 

parchment-induration. A form of chancre, or 
primary lesion of syphilis, in which the induration is 
parchment-like in feel. 

parchment-skin. See xeroderma. 

parecceloma (par-ek-se-lo'-mah) [para-; 4k, out; 
koIXos, hollow]. A cavity produced by disease. 

pareccrisis (par-ek'-ris-is) [para-; e/c, out; uplvtiv, 
to separate]. A disorder of a secretion. 

parecious, parcecious (par-e'-she-us) [para-; oTkos, 
house]. In biology, having male and female organs 
developed side by side. 

parectama (par-ek'-tam-ah). Synonym of parec- 
tasis. 

parectasis (par-ek'-la-sis) [para-; e/crao-ts, a stretch- 
ing out]. Excessive stretching or dilatation. 

paregoric (par-e-gor'-ik) [irapr)yopuc6s, soothing], 
1. Soothing or assuaging. 2. A soothing remedy, 
as paregoric elixir, or paregoric, the tinctura opii 
campkorata (U. S. P.). 

pareira (par-a'-rah). The root of Chondrodendron 
tomentosum, of the natural order Menispermacece. 
It was formerly called pareira bra^a. It contains a 
resin, an alkaloid, pelosine, identical with berberine, 
a bitter principle, a nitrogenous substance, calcium 
malate, potassium nitrate, and other salts, p., 
decoction of (decoctum pareirce, B. P.). Dose 1-2 oz. 
(32-64 Cc). p., extract of {extr actum pareirce, B. P.). 
Dose 10-20 gr. (0.65-1.3 Gm.). p., fluidextract of 
(fluidextractum pareira, U. S. P.). Dose §-1 dr 
(2-4 Cc). p., liquid extract of (extractum pareirce 
liquidum, B. P.)._ Dose 1 dr. (4 Cc). 

parelectronomic (par-e-lek-tro-nom'-ik) [para- ; 
r{ktKTpov, amber; vbp.os, law]. Unresponsive, to 
electromotive stimulus. 

parelectronomy {par-e-lek-tron'-o-me) [para-; t/Xck- 
Tpov, amber; vbp.os, law]. The electric condition of a 



transverse section of a muscle and its tendon, com- 
pared with that of the natural surface of the muscle. 
The former is negative, the latter positive. 

paremptosis (par-emp-lo'-sis) [para-; eviriirreiv, to 
sink in]. 1. Dislocation. 2. A form of amaurosis. 

parencephalia (par-en-sef-a'-le-ah) [para-; iyKe<pa\os, 
brain]. Congenital malformation of the brain. 

parencephalis (par-en-sef'-al-is). See parenceph- 
alon. 

parencephalitis (par-en-sef-al-i'-tis). Inflammation 
of the cerebellum. 

parencephalocele (par-en-scf-al'-o-sel) [para-; ey- 
Ke<pa\os, brain; K17X77, hernia]. Hernia of the paren- 
cephalon. 

parencephalon (par-en-sef-al-on) [para-; iyice<pa\os, 
brain]. The cerebellum. 

parencephalus (par-en-sef'-al-us) [see parenceph- 
alon]. One with a congenital malformation of the 
brain. 

parenchyma (par-eng'-kim-ah) [para-; iyx&v, 
to pour in]. The essential or specialized part of an 
organ as distinguished from the supporting con- 
nective tissue. 

parenchymal (par-eng'-kim-al). Pertaining to, or 
of the nature of, parenchyma. 

parenchymatic (par-eng-kim-at'-ik). Parenchy- 
matous. 

parenchymatitis (par-eng-kim-at-i'-tis) [parenchy- 
ma; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of paren- 
chyma. 

parenchymatous {par-eng-kV -mat-us or 'par-eng- 
kim'-at-us) [parenchyma]. Pertaining to or affecting 
the parenchyma, p. degeneration, cloudy swelling. 
p. inflammation, inflammation of the parenchyma, 
as distinguished from that of the iriterstitial tissue. 

parenchymula (par-eng-kim'-u-lah) [dim. of paren- 
chyma; pi., parenchymula]. The embryonic stage 
immediately succeeding that of the closed blastula. 
Synonym of Metschnikoff's larva. 

parenteral (J>ar-en'-ter-al) [para-; evrepov, intestine]. 
Outside of the intestine, p. digestion, digestion or 
dissolving of foreign proteins or other substances by 
the cells of the body, in opposition to enteral digestion 
which occurs in the alimentary canal. 

parepicele (par-ep'-is-el) [para-; «ri, upon; koZXos, 
hollow]. The lateral recess of the epicele or fourth 
ventricle extending latero-ventrad. 

parepididymal (par-ep-id-id'-im-al). Pertaining 
to the parepididymis. 

parepididymis {par-ep-id-id'-im-is). See paradidy- 
mis. 

parepithymia (par-ep-ith-i'-me-ah) [para-; eindvuia, 
desire]. A morbid or depraved desire or habit. 

parerethisis (par-er-eth'-is-is) [para-; ipiH^iv, 
to excite]. Abnormal excitement, or stimulus. 

parerethism (par-er'-eth-izm). See parerethisis. 

paresis (par'-es-is) [para-; ikvai, to let go]. A 
slight paralysis; incomplete loss of muscular power. 
p., general. See paralysis, general, of the insane. 

paresoanalgesia {par-es-o-an-al-je' -se-ah) [paresis ; 
analgesia]. Paresis with analgesia; a symptom of 
Morvan's disease. 

paresthesia (par-es-the'-ze-ah) [para-; al<rdr)<ns, sen- 
sation]. 1. Morbid or perverted sensation, as numb- 
ness, formication, "pins-and-needles." 2. See acro- 
paresthesia. 

paresthetic (par-es-thet'-ik) [paresthesia]. Pertain- 
ing to, affected with, or characterized by paresthesia. 

paretic (par-et'-ik) [paresis]. Pertaining to or 
affected with paresis, p. dement, a person suffering 
from paretic dementia, p. dementia. See paralysis, 
general, of the insane. 

pareunia {par-oo' -ne-ah) [para-; evvri, a bed]. 
Coitus. 

parfocal (par-fo'-kal). A term used to designate 
microscopic oculars and objectives which are so con- 
structed or so mounted that in changing from one 
to another the image will remain in focus. 

parhidrosis (par-hid-ro'-sis). Same as paridrosis. 

parhormone (par-hor'-mon) [para-; hormone]. 
Waste matter of cells, tissues or organs which is sup- 
posedto have an action similar to that of a hormone, 

paricine (par'-is-en) [par, equal; cinchona], C16H18- 
N2O. An amorphous alkaloid of the cinchonas. 

paridrosis (par-id-ro'-sis) [para-; i5p«s, sweat]. 
Any abnormal condition of the secretion of sweat. 

paries (par'-e-ez) [paries, a wall: pi., parietes]. 
An enveloping or investing structure or wall. p. 
anterior, anterior wall. p. carotica tympani, carotid 
or anterior wall of the tympanic cavity, p. jugularis 



PARIETAL 



657 



PAROPION 



tympani, the jugular wall or floor of the tympanic 
cavity, p. inferior, inferior wall. p. labyrinthica 
tympani, labyrinthic or inner wall of the tympanic 
cavity, p. lateralis, lateral wall. p. mastoidea tym- 
pani, the mastoid or posterior wall of the tympanic 
cavity, p. medialis, the medial wall. p. mem- 
branacea tympani, the membranous or outer wall of 
the tympanic cavity, p. posterior, posterior wall. 
p. superior, superior wall. p. tegmentalis tympani, 
the tegmental wall of the tympanic cavity. 

parietal (par-i'-et-al) [paries, wall], i. Forming 
or situated on a wall, as the parietal layer of the 
peritoneum. 2. Pertaining to or in relation with the 
parietal bone of the skull, as the parietal foramen, 
parietal lobe of the brain, p. angle. See under 
Broca, Lissauer, and Quatrefages. p. angle, posterior, 
in craniometry, that included between two lines 
tangent to the parietal eminence and the most promi- 
nent points of the zygomatic arch. p. bones. See 
bones, table of. p. cells, cells found in the periphery 
of the peptic glands of the stomach, immediately 
beneath the basement-membrane. Their function 
is supposed to be the secretion of hydrochloric acid. 
p. lobe, the cerebral lobe above the horizontal 
Sylvian fissure, p. section, a transverse vertical 
section through the ascending parietal convolution. 

parietale {par-i-et-a'-le) [parietalis, belonging to 
walls]. One of the parietal bones. 

parietalia (par-i-et-a'-le-ah) [see parietal]. The 
bones that collectively form the vault of the cranium. 

parieten (par-i'-et-en) [paries, wall]. Belonging 
to the parietal bone in itself. 

parietes (par-i'-et-ez) [pi. of paries, a wall]. The 
walls of a cavity. 

parieto- (par-i-et-o-) [parietal]. A prefix meaning 
relating to the parietal bone. 

parietofrontal (par-i'-et-o-frun'-tal) [paries, a wall; 
frons, front]. Of, pertaining to, or representing both 
the parietal and frontal bones ; frontoparietal. 

parietomastoid (par-i-et-o-mas'-toid) {paries, a wall ; 
mastoid]. Pertaining to the parietal bone and the 
mastoid process of the temporal bone; mastoparietal. 

parieto-occipital (par-i-et-o-ok-sip'-it-al) [parieto-; 
occipital]. Pertaining to the parietal and occipital 
bones or lobes. 

parietosphenoid (par-i-et-o-sfe'-noid) [parieto- ; sphe- 
noid]. Pertaining to the parietal and sphenoid 
bones. 

parietosplanchnic {par-i-et-o-splangk'-nik) [paries, 
a wall; (nr\a.yx"0; viscera]. Of or pertaining to the 
walls of the alimentary canal, as the nervous ganglia 
of certain molluscs. 

parietosquamosal (par-i-et-o-skwa-mo'-sal) [pari- 
eto-; squamosal]. Of or pertaining to the parietal 
bone and the squamous portion of the temporal 
bone. p. suture, a suture between the squamous 
portion of the temporal bone and the parietal bone. 

parietotemporal (par-i-et-o-tem'-po-ral) [parieto- ; 
temporal]. Pertaining to the parietal and temporal 
bones, p. suture, the suture between the parietal 
and temporal bones. 

parietovisceral (par-i-et-o-vis'-er-al) [parieto-; vis- 
ceral]. Pertaining to the walls of a body-cavity and 
the contained viscera. 

parigenin (par-ij'-en-in). See parillin. 

pariglin (par'-ig-lin). See smilacin (2). 

parillin (par-il'-in) [parilla, dim. of parra, a trained 
vine]. A glucoside obtained from sarsaparilla ; 
if treated by dilute mineral acids it yields parigenin 
and sugar. 

Parinaud's conjunctivitis (par-en-o') [Henri Pari- 
naud, French ophthalmologist, 1 844-1905]. A 
severe form of mucopurulent conjunctivitis due to 
infection from animals. P.'s ophthalmoplegia, 
paralysis of the external rectus of one side and 
spasm of the internal rectus of the other side; it is 
of peripheral origin. 

Paris' disease. Acrodynia. 

Paris green (par'-is), Cu(C 2 H 3 2 ) 2 . 3Cu(As0 2 ) 2 . 
Copper acetoarsenite, a poisonous substance used 
in the arts and for the destruction of the potato-bug. 

paristhmia (par-ist'-me-ah) [para-; ladpos, throat]. 
The tonsils. 

paristhmic (par-ist'-mik) [para-; laOfiSs, throat]. 
Relating to the tonsils. 

paristhmion (par-isth'-me-on) [para-; LaOpfc, throat]. 
A tonsil. 

paristhmitis (par-isl-mi'-iis) [para-; iadp-os, throat; 
ins, inflammation]. Tonsillitis. 

Parish's camphor mixture (par'-ish). Mistura 



camphors aromatica (N. F.). P.'s syrup, compound 
syrup of ferrous phosphate. 

parity (par'-it-e) [1. par, equal]. Equality. 
2. [par ere, to bring forth]. The condition of being 
able to bear children. 

Park's aneurysm [Henry Park, English surgeon, 
1745-1831]- Arteriovenous aneurysm, the arterial 
dilation communicating with two contiguous veins. 

parkesin (park'-es-in). A mixture of linseed-oil 
and chlorine sulphide in a solution of collodion in 
nitrobenzol. It is used as a substitute for caoutchouc. 

Parkinson's disease (par' -kin-sun) [James Parkin- 
son, English physician, 1755-1824]. Paralysis agi- 
tans. P.'s facies or mask, in paralysis agitans the 
face is expressionless, "wooden"; movements of the 
lips slow; eyebrows elevated. 

Parnum's test for albumin. Add to the filtered 
urine one-sixth of its volume of a concentrated solu- 
tion of magnesium or sodium sulphate. On acidu- 
lating with acetic acid and boiling, the albumin is 
precipitated. 

paroarium, paroarion (par-o-a'-re-um, par-o-a'-re- 
on) [para-; wapiov, dim. of o?6j>, egg]. Same as paro- 
varium. 

paroccipital (par-ok-sip'-it-al). 1. Beside the occi- 
pital region. 2. The mastoid process. 

parodinia (par-o-din'-e-ah). See parodynia. 

parodontis (par-o-don'-tis). Synonym of epulis. 

parodontics (par-o-don-ti'-tis) [para-; SSovs, a 
tooth; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the 
tissues surrounding a tooth. 

parodynia (par-o-din'-e-ah) [par ere, to bring forth; 
68vj>t), pain]. Difficult parturition; dystocia. 

parogen (par'-o-jen) . A preparation used as a basis 
for ointments and liniments, said to contain liquid 
paraffin, 40 parts, oleic acid, 40 parts, and 5 per cent, 
ammoniated alcohol, 20 parts. 

paroleine (par-o'-le-in) . Trade name of a prepara- 
tion of petroleum oil, used as a solvent and vehicle. 

parolivary (par-ol'-iv-a-re) [para-; oliva, olive]. 
Situated near the olivary body. p. body. See 
nucleus,^ olivary, accessory. 

parolive (par-ol'-iv) . An accessory olive. 

paromphalocele (par-om-fal'-o-sel) [para-; 6p.<j>a\6s, 
navel; ktjXt], tumor]. Hernia in the region of the 
navel. 

paroniria (par-o-ni'-re-ah) [para-; oveipos, dream]. 
Depraved or morbid dreaming, p. ambulans, sleep 
walking, p. salax, a restless condition attended with 
involuntary seminal emissions and lascivious dreams. 

paronychia (par-o-nik'-e-ah) [para-; onychia]. 
An inflammation of the flexor tendons and tendinous 
sheaths of the fingers; whitlow. 

paronychia! (par-o-nik'-e-al). Having the character 
of paronychia. 

paronychosis (par-o-nik-o'-sis) [para-; 5w£, nail; 
vdaos, disease] . A diseased condition of the structures 
about the nails; also growth of a nail in unusual 
places. 

paronym (par'-o-nim) [para-; Srofia, name]. A 
word that exactly represents a word in another 
language, differing from it, if at all, only in some 
slight modification. Thus nerve is a paronym of 
Latin nervus; muscle of musculus; canal of canalis. 
A related synonym. See heteronymous. 

paronymy (par-on'-im-e) [para-; ovo/ia, name]. 
1. The relation of a word in one language to its 
antecedent in another. 2. The principle of using in 
modern languages paronyms or derivations of Latin 
or Greek words rather than heteronyms that have 
no common antecedent. 

paroophoritis (par-o-off-or-i'-tis) [para-; oophoron; 
itls, inflammation]. 1. Inflammation of the paro- 
varium. 2. Inflammation of the tissues about the 
ovary. 

paroophoron (par-o-of'-o-ron) [para-; oophoron]. 
The persistent tubules of the posterior part of the 
Wolffian body in the female, corresponding to the 
organ of Giraldes in the male.. 

parophobia (par-o-fo'-be-ah) [irapos, before (in- 
tensive); <j>6&os, fear]. Hydrophobia. 

panophthalmia (par-off-thai' -me-ah) [para-; 64>da\- 
p.6s, eye]. Inflammation about the eye. 

parophthalmoncus (par-of-thal-mong'-kus) [para-; 
6<t>da\pos, the eye; oynos, a tumor]. A tumor near the 
eye. 

paropia (par-o'-pe-ah) [para-; &ip, eye]. The 
angle of the eyelid toward the temple. 

paropion (par-o'-pe-on) [para-; &\p, eye]. An eye- 



PAROPLEXIA 



658 



PARTRIDGE'S HERNIA 



paroplexia (par-o-pleks'-e-ah) [para-; irXifa-o-ew, 
to strike]. Paraplegia. 

paropsis (par-op'-sis) [para-; oi^is, vision]. Dis- 
ordered or false vision. 

paroptesis (par-op-te'-sis) [para-; ottttjo-is, a roast- 
ing]. A hot-air bath. 

paroptic (par-op' '-tik) [para-; oi/'ts, vision]. Applied 
to colors produced by the diffraction of light-rays. 

paroral (par-o'-ral) [para-; os, oris, mouth]. In 
biology, alongside the mouth or oral aperture. 

parorasis (par-o-ra'-sis) [para-; bpcueif, to see]. 
Any perversion of vision or of color-perception; an 
hallucination. 

parorchid (par-or'-kid). Same as parorchis. 

parorchidium (par-or-kid'-e-um) [para-; opxis, 
a testicle]. Abnormal position of a testicle or its 
non-descent. 

parorchidoenterocele (par-or-kid-o-en'-ter-o-sel) 

[para-; 6px«> testicle; hntpov, intestine; /07X77, tumor]. 
Inguinal hernia combined with displacement of the 
testis. 

parorchis (par-or'-kis) [para-; 6px«, testicle]. See 
epididymis. 

parorexia (par-or-eks'-e-ah) [irapd, aside; &pe£ is, 
appetite]. A perverted appetite. 

parorganum (par-org'-an-um) [para-; opyavov, an 
instrument]. A growth the tissue of which resembles 
that of some organ. 

parosmia (par-oz'-me-ah) [para-; bap.v„ smell]. 
A perversion of the sense of smell. 

parosphresis (par-os-fre'-sis). Same as parosmia. 

parosteitis (par-os-te-i'-tis). Synonym of par ostitis. 

parosteosis (par-os-te-o'-sis). See parostosis. 

parostia (par-os'-te-ah) [para-; bcnkov, bone]. 
Disorder or defect of ossification. 

parostitis (par-os-ti'-tis) [para-; bareov, bone; 
tns, inflammation]. Inflammation of the outer 
surface of periosteum. 

parostosis (par-os-to'-sis) [para-; btrrkov, bone]. 
The abnormal formation of bone outside of the 
periosteum, or in the connective tissue surrounding 
the periosteum. 

parotic (par-o'-tik) [para-; oCs, ear]. Situated near 
or about the ear. 

parotid (par-ot'-id) [see parotic]. 1. Situated near 
the ear, as the parotid gland. 2. Pertaining to or 
affecting the, parotid gland, p. abscess, an abscess 
of the parotid gland. The term is sometimes also 
applied to abscess of the lymphatic gland lying 
upon the parotid, p. gland, one of the salivary glands 
in front of and below the external ear. It is a com- 
pound racemose gland and secretes saliva containing 
ptyalin, a globulin-like body, potassium sulphocy- 
anide, a trace of urea, and mineral salts. Its duct 
is Stenson's duct. 

parotidectomy (par-ot-id-ek'-to-me) [parotid; eKrofirj, 
excision]. Excision of the parotid gland. 

parotiditis (par-ot-id-i'-tis). See parotitis. 

parotidoauricularis (par-ot-id-o-aw-rik-u-la'-ris) 

[parotid; aura, ear]. A muscle, well-developed in 
lower animals, arising from the surface of the parotid 
gland and inserted into the base of the concha. 
Its function is to abduct and depress the pinna. 

parotidoscirrhus (par-ot-id-o-skir'-us) [parotid ; 
a-KLopbs, hard]. Scirrhous carcinoma of the parotid 
gland. 

parotis (par-o'-tis) [L.]. The parotid gland. 
p. accessoria, a small lobule near the parotid gland. 

parotitic (par-o-tit'-ik). Having the mumps; 
affected with parotitis. 

parotitis (par-o-ti'-tis) [parotid; ins, inflammation]. 
Inflammation of the parotid gland, especially the 
specific infectious disease known as mumps; the 
name is also given to inflammation of the lymphatic 
gland overlying the parotid (parotid bubo), p., 
metastatic, that secondary to disease elsewhere; it 
occurs in infectious fevers, as typhoid fever, and 
usually goes on to suppuration. 

parous (par' -us) [par ere, to bear]. Having borne 
one or more children. 

parovarian (par-o-va'-re-an) [para-; ovarium, 
ovary]. 1. Situated near the ovary. 2. Pertaining 
to the parovarium. 

parovariotomy (par-o-va-re-ot'-o-me). Excision of 
a parovarian cyst. 

parovaritis (par-o-var-i'^tis). Inflammation of the 
parovarium. 

parovarium (par-o-va'-re-um) [para-; ovarium, 
ovary]. The remnant of the Wolffian body of the 
female ; the organ of Rosenmuller. 



paroxia (par-oks'-e-ah). See pica. 

paroxyntic (par-oks-in'-tik) [irapo£vveiv, to excite]. 
Paroxysmal. 

paroxysm (par'-oks-izm) [para-; b^vveiv, to sharpen], 
i. The periodic increase or crisis in the progress of a 
disease; a sudden attack, a sudden reappearance of 
symptoms, or a sudden increase in the intensity of 
existing symptoms. 2. A spasm or fit; a convulsion. 

paroxysmal (par-oks-iz'-mal) [paroxysm]. Of the 
nature of or resembling a paroxysm; occurring in 
paroxysms. 

Parrot's atrophy of the newborn (par'-o) [Joseph 
Marie Jules Parrot, French physician, 1829-1883]. 
Primary infantile atrophy or marasmus. Syn., 
athrepsia. P.'s disease, pseudoparalysis of the 
extremities due to epiphyseal separation which 
prevents spontaneous movements, in hereditary 
syphilis of the newborn. P.'s nodes, osteophytes of ' 
the frontal and parietal bones, around the anterior 
fontanel, in hereditary syphilis. P.'s sign, dilatation 
of the pupil when the skin is pinched; it is noted in 
meningitis. P.'s ulcers, the whitish or yellowish 
patches of thrush. 

parrot disease. See psittacosis. 

parrot-beak nails. Nails that are curved strongly 
anteroposteriorly, like the beak of a parrot. 

Parry's disease (par'-e) [Caleb Hillier Parry, 
English physician, 1755-1822]. Exophthalmic goiter. 

pars (parz) [L.]. A part. p. basilaris, basilar 
process of the occipital bone. p. calcaneocuboidea, 
the internal calcaneocuboid ligament, p. calcaneo- 
navicularis, the superior or external calcaneonavicu- 
lar ligament, p. cavernosa, the cavernous or spongy 
portion of the male urethra, p. centralis, the central 
part or body of the lateral ventricles of the brain. 
p. ciliaris retinae, the part of the retina in front of 
the ora serrata. p. convoluta, the convoluted part 
or labyrinth of the kidney, p. flaccida, Shrapnell's 
membrane, p. horizontalis, the horizontal plate of 
the palate bone. p. intercartilaginea, the respiratory 
glottis, p. intermembranacea, the true glottis. 
p. iridica retinas, the uveal tract, p. laryngea, the 
laryngopharynx. p. mastoidea, the mastoid portion 
of the temporal bone. p. membranacea, the mem- 
branous portion of the male urethra, p. nasalis, 
the nasopharynx, p. oralis, the oropharynx, p. 
papillaris, the papillary layer of the skin. p. per- 
pendicularis, the vertical plate of the palate bone. 
p. petrosa, the petrous portion of the temporal bone, 
p. prostatica, the prostatic portion of the male 
urethra, p. pylorica, the pyloric portion of the 
stomach, p. radiata, the pyramids of Ferrein. 
p. sphincteria inferior, the lowest portion of the 
esophagus, p. spongiosa. Same as p. cavernosa. 
p. triangularis, the preoperculum. p. tympanica, 
the tympanic portion of the temporal bone. 

parsley (pars' -le) [irkrpos, rock; ok\ivov, a kind of 
parsley]. The Carum petroselinum, a plant of the 
order Umbelliferce, containing a volatile oil. From 
the seed a peculiar oily liquid, termed apiol (q. v.), 
is obtained. The root is used in renal diseases and 
dropsy; the juice of the fresh herbs and the seeds are 
employed as antiperiodics; apiol is an emmenagogue. 
p. camphor, apiol. 

Parsons' disease (par'-sunz) [James Parsons, 
English physician, 1705-1770]. Exophthalmic 
goiter. 

part [pars, a part]. 1. A segment or section; a 
member or organ. 2. A portion of a cadaver 
allotted to a student, for dissection. 

Parthenium (par-ihe' -ne-um) [irapdevos, a virgin]. 
A genus of herbs of the order Composites. P. hyster- 
ophorus contains several alkaloids, one of which, 
called parthenine, seems to be the active principle 
of the plant and has been used as an antipyretic and 
antineuralgic. P. integrifolium, prairie-dock, a 
perennial plant of the southern United States, is 
used as an antiperiodic. 

parthenochlorosis (par-then-o-klo-ro'-sis) [irapdevos, 
virgin; xX<*>P°s» green]. The chlorosis of young 
maidens. 

parthenogenesis (par-then-o-jen'-es-is) [irapdtvos, 
a virgin; ykveau, production]. The development of 
an organism from an unfertilized ovum. 

particle (par'-tik-l) [dim. of pars, part]. A small 
part. The smallest visible portion of any substance. 

particulate (par-tik'-u-lat) [pars, part]. Com- 
posed of minute particles; applied to various contagia. 

Partridge's hernia. Femoral hernia external to 
the femoral vessels. 



PARTRI DGE-BERRY 



659 



PATELLOID 



partridge-berry. i. A trailing plant, Mitchella 
repens, with medical uses like those of pipsissewa. 
2. See gaultheria. 

parturiency (par-til' -re-en-se) [parturire, to bring 
forth]. The state of being parturient; parturition. 

parturient (par-tu'-re-ent) [parturition], i. Being 
in labor; giving birth; as a parturient woman. 2. 
Traversed during birth, as the parturient canal. 

parturifacient (par-tu-re-fa' -se-ent) [parturition ; 
facer e, to make]. 1. Promoting parturition. 2. An 
agent that induces parturition. 

parturiometer (par-tu-re-om'-et-er) [parturition ; 
nerpov, a measure]. An instrument for determining 
the progress of labor by measuring the expulsive 
force of the uterus. 

parturition (par-tu-rish'-un) [parturitio, from par- 
turire]. The act of giving birth to young. See labor. 

partus (par'-tus) [parturire, to bring forth]. The 
bringing forth of offspring; labor, p. agrippinus, 
labor with breech presentation, p. caesarius, cesarean 
section, p. difficilis, dystocia, p. immaturus, pre- 
mature labor, p. maturus, labor at term. p. 
prsecipitatus, precipitate labor, p. serotinus, labor 
unduly prolonged, p. siccus, dry labor. 

parulis (par-u'-lis) [para-; ovXop, the gum]. Ab- 
scess of the gum; a gum-boil. 

parumbilical (par-um-bil'-ik-al) [irapd, beside; 
umbilicus, navel]. Situated or occurring near the 
umbilicus. 

paruria (par-u'-re-ah) [para-; ovpov, urine]. Ab- 
normity in the excretion of the urine. 

parurocystis (par-u-ro-sis'-tis). See bladder, supple- 
mentary. 

parvoline (par' -vo-lin) , C4H13N. A synthetic 
liquid base; also a ptomaine isomeric with it, oc- 
curring in decomposing fish and horse-flesh. 

parvule (par'-vul) [parvus, small]. A small pill 
or pellet, or granule. 

paschachurda (pas-kah-koor'-dah). See Sartian 
disease. 

Paschutin's degeneration (pas-ku-tin) . A special 
degeneration peculiar to diabetes; hydrocarbonaceous 
degeneration. 

pasma (paz'-mah) [iraana; iraaae-.v, to sprinkle; 
pl., pasmata]. 1. A powder for sprinkling on a 
surface. 2. A powder mixed up into a paste. 

pass (pas) [passus, step]. 1. To go, or to put 
through, or by. 2. To discharge from the intestinal 
canal. 3. To void. 4. To introduce an instrument 
into a cavity or channel. 

passage (pas'-aj) [passare, to pass]. 1. A channel. 

2. The act of passing from one place to another. 

3. The introduction of an instrument into a cavity 
or channel. 4. An evacuation of the bowels, p., 
false, a false channel, especially one made by the un- 
skilful introduction of an instrument into the urethra. 

Passavant's cushion (pahs' -af -ant) [Gustav Passa- 
vant, German physician, 1815-1893]. The bulging 
of the posterior pharyngeal wall, produced during 
the act of swallowing by the upper portion of the 
superior constrictor pharyngis. 

passifiora (pas-if-lo'-rah) [passio, passion; fios, a 
flower]. Passion-flower, a genus of climbing plants. 
P. incarnata, of North America, is used as a narcotic 
and anodyne. Dose of fluidextract 2-5 min. (0.13- 
0.3 Cc). P. quadrangular is, of the West Indies; 
the root causes vomiting, convulsions, and paralysis, 
but has been prescribed as an anthelmintic. 

passion (pash'-un) [passio, from pati, to suffer]. 
1. Pain; suffering; as ileac passion, a synonym of 
volvulus. 2. An intense emotion of the mind; 
intense sexual excitement. 

passive (pas'-iv) [see passion]. Not active; not 
performed or produced by active efforts, but by causes 
coming from without, p. congestion, congestion due 
to retention of blood in a part, and not to an active 
flow of blood toward the part. p. immunity. See 
immunity, passive, p. interval, the period of cardiac 
rest. p. motion, the movement produced by external 
agency and not by the person himself. 

passivism (pas'-iv-izm). A form of sexual perver- 
sion in which there is a subjugation of the will of 
one person to that of another, with an erotic end. 

passivist (pas'-iv-ist) [pati, to suffer]. One who 
is the subject of passivism, q. v. 

passula (pas'-u-lah) [L.]. A raisin. 

pasta (Pas'-tah) [L.: pl., and gen., pasta]. A paste. 

paste (past) [iraa-nt, mess]. Any soft, sticky 
substance, especially a mixture of starch or flour 
and water, p., arsenical, a caustic paste containing 



arsenic, p., Canquoin's. See Canquoin's paste. 
p., fruit, inspissated fruit juice, p., London, a mixr 
ture of equal parts of sodium hydroxide and slaked 
lime, moistened with alcohol, p., phosphorus, a rat 
poison made of phosphorus and flour, p., Piffard's, 
copper sulphate, 1 part; tartrated soda, 5 parts; 
caustic soda, 2 parts. It is used as a test for sugar 
in urine, p., serum, a sterilized mixture of serum 
from ox-blood with 25 % of zinc oxide; used as a 
film on abrasions or diseased surfaces, p., sulphuric- 
acid, a caustic mixture of equal parts of sulphuric 
acid and powdered saffron, p., Vienna, a mixture of 
potassium hydroxide and caustic lime moistened with 
water. 

paster (pas'-ter). The oval or circular portion of a 
bifocal lens, which is used for near work. 

pastern (pas' -tern). That part of a horse's foot 
between the fetlock-joint and the coronet of the 
hoof, p.-bone, either of the two proximal phalanges 
of a horse's foot, p.-joint, the articulation between 
the proximal phalanx (great pastern-bone) of the 
horse's foot and the cannon-bone. 

Pasteur's exhaustion theory (pahs'-ter) [Louis 
Pasteur, French bacteriologist, 1822-1895]. See 
immunity, theory of, exhaustion hypothesis. P.'s 
fluid, P.'s liquid, an artificial liquid for the culti- 
vation of bacteria, composed of water, 100 parts; 
crystallized sugar, 10 parts; ammonium carbonate 
and ashes of yeast, each, 1 part. 

Pasteur-Chamberland's filter (pahs' -ter-tsham'-ber- 
land) [Louis Pasteur; Charles Chamberland, a pupil 
of Pasteur]. A hollow column of unglazed porcelain 
through which solutions are filtered by means of a 
vacuum exhaust or by pressure. 

pasteurella (pas-tur-el'-ah). A group of poly- 
morphic coccobacteria destitute of spores and cilia. 

pasteurellose (pas-tur-el'-os). Hemorrhagic septi- 
cemia in animals. 

pasteurism (pas' -tur-izm) [Louis Pasteur, French 
chemist and bacteriologist, 1822-1895]. Prophyl- 
actic or protective inoculation; a synonym for the 
word vaccination. 

pasteurization (pas-tur-i-za'-shun). The process 
of checking fermentation in milk, wine, and other 
organic fluids by heating them to 60 ° or 70 ° C. 

pasteurizer (pas' -tu-ri-zer) . An instrument em- 
ployed in pasteurization. 

pastil, pastille (pas'-til, pas-tel') [dim. of pasta, 
paste]. 1. A small mass composed of aromatic 
substances and employed in fumigation. 2 . A troche. 

past pointing. A diagnostic procedure in diseases 
of the cerebrum, cerebellum and medulla. If the 
semi-circular canals of a healthy person are stimu- 
lated by injection of cold (68° F.) or warm water 
(112 F.) or by rotatory movements or galvanic 
stimulations, vertigo and nystagmus are caused and 
the muscles of the trunk and extremities are affected, 
as shown by inability of the patient, seated, with eyes 
closed, to touch a given point with extended arm and 
finger. The arm is held upright and then swung down 
toward the given point which it swerves past: to the 
right if the left canal is stimulated, and vice versa. The 
absence of these manifestations indicates possible 
intra-cranial disease. 

patch [Prov. Ger., Patschen]. An irregular spot 
or area, p., moth-, chloasma, p., mucous, one of 
the characteristic lesions of syphilis, occurring in the 
so-called secondary stage, and appearing as a whitish 
papule or patch on mucous membranes and at 
mucocutaneous junctions. t Syn., condyloma latum; 
mucous papule, p., opaline. See opaline patch. 
p.s, Peyer's. See Peyer's glands. 

patchouli, patchouly (pat-choo'-le). The labiate 
herb, Pogostemon heyneanus. 

pate (pat). The crown or top of the head. 

patefying (pat'-e-fi-ing) [patere, to stand open]. 
The act of rendering patent. 

patella (pat-el'-ah) [dim. of patina, a shallow dish]. 
The knee-pan, a small, round, sesamoid bone in 
front of the knee, developed in the tendon of the 
quadriceps extensor cruris muscle. 

patellar (pat-el' -ar) [patella]. Pertaining to the 
patella, p. fossa. See fossa, p. reflex, p. tendon- 
reflex. See reflex, knee-. 

patelliform (pat-el' -if-orm) [patella; forma, form]. 
Shaped like a patella. 

patellofemoral (pa-tel-o-fem'-o-ral). Pertaining to 
the patella and the femur. 

patelloid, patelloidean (pat-el'-oid, pat-el-oid'-e-an). 
Disc-like; shaped like a knee-pan; patelliform. 



PATENCY 



660 



PEARL 



patency (pa'-ten-se) [patent]. The state of being 
open; openness. 

patent (pat'-ent) [patere, to be open]. Open; 
exposed, p. medicine. See under medicine. 

pathema (path-e'-mah) [iraBrjua; ir&dos, disease]. 
Any disease or morbid condition. 

pathemate (path' -em-at) [-waSrmo., a suffering]. 
Pertaining to emotional excitement. 

pathematology (path-em-at-ol'-o-je). Same as 
pathology. 

pathetic (path-et'-ik) [nados, disease]. Arousing 
pity; indicating sadness or sorrow; appealing; that 
which appeals to or stirs the passions; applied to the 
fourth cranial nerve (pathetic nerve), which inner- 
vates the pathetic muscle (patheticus, superior ob- 
lique) of the eye, by which the eye is rolled outward 
and downward. 

pathetism (path' -et-izni) [see pathetic]. Hypno- 
tism, mesmerism, animal magnetism. 

pathfinder (path'-fin-der). An instrument for find- 
ing the openings of a urethral stricture. 

pathic (path'-ik) [7ra0i/c6v, passive]. I. Diseased; 
pathological; pertaining to a morbid condition. 
2. Also, one who tolerates the commission of an 
unnatural crime upon the person. 

patho- (pa-tho-) [irados, disease]. A prefix denoting 
disease. 

pathoamine (path-o-am'-in). A basic substance 
found in disease; a ptomaine. 

pathoanatomy (path-o-an-at'-o-me) [patho-; anat- 
omy]. Pathological anatomy. 

pathobiology (path-o-bi-ol'o-je) . Same as pathology. 

pathogen (path' -0-3 en) [patho-; yewav, to produce]. 
Any microorganism or substance which produces 
disease. 

pathogenesis (path-o-jen'-es-is) [patho-; ykvetris, gen- 
eration]. The origin or development of disease. 

pathogenic, pathogenetic (path-o-jen'-ik, path-o-jen- 
et'-ik [patho-; yewav, to produce]. Producing dis- 
ease, p. microorganism, one that when introduced 
into the system causes disease. 

pathogenicity (path-o-j en-is' -it-e). The condition 
of being pathogenic. 

pathogeny (path-oj'-en-e) [patho-; yevrjs, producing]. 
See pathogenesis. 

pathognomonic (path-og-no-mon'-ik) [patho-; yvwurj, 
a sign]. Characteristic of a disease, distinguishing 
it from other diseases. 

pathognomy (path-og'-no-me) [patho-; yv&nrj, a sign]. 
The science of the signs by which disease is recog- 
nized. 

pathognostic (path-og-nos'-tik). Synonym of pathog- 
nomonic. 

pathography (path-og'-ra-fe) [patho-; ypd^eiu, to 
write]. A description of diseases. 

pathologic, pathological (path-o-loj'-ik, al) [pathol- 
ogy]. Pertaining to pathology; pertaining to disease. 
p. anatomy. See anatomy, morbid. p. histology, 
the microscopic study of diesased tissues. 

pathologist (path-ol'-o-jist) [pathology]. One versed 
in pathology. 

pathology (path-ol'-o-je) [patho-; \6yos, science]. 
The branch of medical science that treats of the modi- 
fications of function and changes in structure caused 
by disease, p. cellular, pathology that makes the cell 
the basis of all vital phenomena, p. comparative, a 
study of pathological processes in lower animals, for 
purposes of tracing resemblances and differences 
among them and between them and those of the hu- 
man body, p., experimental, the study of pathological 
processes artifically induced in lower animals, p., 
general, that department of pathology which takes 
cognizance of those morbid processes that may be 
observed in various diseases and in any organ, e. g., 
inflammation, hypertrophy, p. geographical, path- 
ology in its relation to climatic and geographical con- 
ditions, p., humoral, the old doctrine that disease 
is due to abnormal conditions of the blood. It has 
been revived in recent times in a modified form, and 
is now based on the theory that both immunity and 
susceptibility to disease reside in the juices of the 
body, p., solidistic. See solidism. p., medical, 
pathology of diseases not amenable to surgical treat- 
ment, p., special, that treating of changes in func- 
tion and structure occurring in special diseases, e. g. 
pneumonia, p., surgical, the pathology of diseases 
treated by the surgeon. 

patholysis (path-ol'-is-is) [patho-; \iieiv, to dissolve]. 
A morbid dissolution of tissues. 

pathomaine (path' -o-man) . A ptomaine. 



pathomania (path-o-ma'-ne-ah) [patho-; navla, mad- 
ness]. Moral insanity. 

pathonomia (path-o-no'-me-ah) [patho-; vo/ios, law]. 
The study of the laws of pathological conditions. 

pathophobia (path-o-fo'-be-ah) [patho-; 4>6pos, fear]. 
Exaggerated dread of disease. 

pathopoiesis (path-o-poi-e'-sis) [patho-; iroiely, to 
make]. The causation of disease. 

patient (pa'-shent) [pali, to suffer], A person under 
the care of a physician; a sick person. 

patten (pat' -en) [Ft., patin, a clog]. An iron sup- 
port placed under a sound foot to remove pressure 
from and permit extension of the diseased limb in hip- 
joint disease. 

Patterson's corpuscles (pat'-er-sun). The mol- 
luscum bodies; oval, shiny bodies found in the con- 
tents of the tubercles of molluscum contagiosum. 

Patterson's powder (pat'-er-sun). A mixture of 
bismuth subnitrate and magnesia. 

patulous (pat'-u-lus) [patere, to lie open]. Expand- 
ed; open. 

Paul's sign (pawl) [Constantin Charles Theo- 
odore Paul, French physician, 1833-1896]. Feeble 
apex-beat with forcible impulse over the body of the 
heart, in adherenct periardium. 

Paullinia (paw-lin'-e-ah). See guar ana. 

paulocardia (paw-lo-kar'-de-ah) [wav\a, pause;. 
KapSla, heart]. A subjective sensation of intermis- 
sion or momentary stoppage of the heart-beat. 

paunch (pawnch). The abdominal cavity and its 
contents. 

pausimenia (paw-sim-e'-ne-ah). See menopause. 

Pauzat's disease (po-zah') Jean Eugene Pauzat r 
French physician]. Osteoplastic Reriostitis of the 
metatarsal bones. 

pavement-epithelium. Epithelium consisting of 
flattened, scale-like cells fitted together by their edges, 
like the tiles of a pavement. 

pavilion (pa-vil'-yon) [papilio, a butterfly; a tent]. 
1. The expanded extremity of a canal or tube, as the 
pavilion of the ear — the auricle; the pavilion of the 
Fallopian tube — the fimbriated extremity of the Fal- 
lopian tube. 2. In anatomy, a tent-shaped structure. 

pavimentum (pav-im-en' -turn) [L.]. A floor, p. 
orbitse, the floor of the orbit, p. ventriculi, the floor 
of a ventricle. 

pavitation (pav-it-a' -shun) [pavitatio; pavere, to 
quake]. Terror, or fear, with trembling. 

pavor (pa'-vor) [L.]. Fright; fear. p. nocturnus, 
night-terrors. 

Payy's disease (pa'-ve). [Frederick William Pavy, 
English physician, 1829-1911]. Cyclic albuminuria. 
P.'s solution for glucose, make a solution by mixing 
120 Cc. of the ordinary Fehling's solution with 300 
Cc. of strong ammonia (specific gravity, 0.88) and 400 
Cc. of sodium hydroxide solution of specific gravity of 
1. 14; dilute with 1000 Cc. of water. This solution 
becomes decolorized on boiling with a glucose solution. 
One hundred Cc. of this solution is reduced by glucose 
to the same extent as 10 Cc. of Fehling's solution. 

Pawlik's folds (paw'-lik) [Karl Pawlik, Austrian 
surgeon, 1849- ]. The anterior columns of the 
vagina, which form the lateral boundaries of Pawlik's 
triangle and serve as landmarks in locating the open- 
ing of the ureters. P.'s triangle, extravesical or va- 
ginal triangle. The triangular space formed by two 
divergent columns of the vagina and the transverse 
ridge below the external orifice of the neck of the blad- 
der. It corresponds line for line to the trigonum 
vesicae. 

pawpaw (paw' -paw). The fruit of Asina triloba. 
See Carica papaya. 

Paxton's disease (paks'-tun). Tinea nodosa. 

Pb. Chemical symbol for plumbum, lead. 

P. B. Abbreviation of Pharmacopoeia Britannica,. 
British Pharmacopeia. 

Pd. The chemical symbol of palladium. 

P. D. Abbreviation of Pharmacopoeia Dublin- 
ensis, Dublin Pharmacopeia. 

P. E. Abbreviation for Pharmacopoeia Edinensis r 
Edinburgh Pharmacopeia. 

Pean's method (pa-an') [Jules Pean, French sur- 
geon, 1830-1898]. Removal of a tumor in pieces 
when it is larger than the opening through which it is 
to be removed. 

peanut (pe'-nut). An edible fruit of Arachis hypo- 
gcea. p.-ofi. See ground-nut oil. 

pearl (perl) [Fr., perle, from L., pirula, a little 
pearl]. 1. In pharmacy, a small, hollow glass body 
containing a dose of ia volatile liquid medicine, as a 



PEARLY BODY 



661 



PEDILUVIUM 



pearl of amyl nitrite. 2. A cataract. 3- A peculiar 
arrangement of the epithetial cells, p. ash, crude 
potassium carbonate, p.-disease, tuberculosis of 
serous membranes in the lower animals, especially 
cattle, so called on account of the most manifest le- 
sion, the pearly nodules or tumors, which are often 
pendulous, p., epidermic, p., epithelial, one of the 
spheroidal concentric masses of epithelial cells often 
seen in hard papilloma, in squamous epithelioma 
and in cholesteatoma. Syn., pearly body. p. tumor. 
See cholesteatoma, p.-white, bismuth oxychloride. 

pearly body. See pearl, epidermic. 

Pearson's solution (per'-sun) [George Pearson, 
English physician, 1751-1828]. An aqueous solution 
of sodium arsenate, containing 1 gram of sodium ar- 
senate in 600 c. c. of distilled water. It is one-tenth 
the strength of the official liquor sodii arsenatis? 

peat (pet). The product of the spontaneous de- 
composition of plants, especially swamp-plants, in 
many cases mixed with sand, loam, clay, lime, iron 
pyrites, ocher, etc. 

pebbles (peb'-lz). Lenses for eyeglasses cut from 
rock crystal. 

pebeco (peb'-ek-o). Trade name of a tooth-paste 
containing potassium chlorate. 

pebrine (peb'-ren) [Fr.]. An infectious epidemic 
disease of silkworms. 

peccant (pek' -ant) [peccare, to sin]. Pathogenic; 
morbid; unhealthy; offensive. 

pechyagra (pek-i-a'-grah) [irrjxvs, forearm; ay pa, 
seizure]. Gout in the elbow-joint. 

peciloblast (pe-sil'-o-blast). See poikilocyte. 

pecilocyte (pes'-il-o-sit). Same as peciloblast. 

pecilocythemia (pe-sil-o-si-the'-me-ah). The pres- 
ence of pecilocytes in the blood. 

pecilocytosis (pe-sil-o-si-to'-sis). See poikilocyto- 
sis. 

pecilonymy (pe-sil-on' -im-e) [irowikos, various; 
6w/ia name]. The use in one publication of different 
names for the same part. Syn., poikilonymy. 

pecilothermal (pe-sil-o-ther'-mal). See poikilother- 
mic. 

Pecklin's glands. See Peyer's glands. 

Pecquet, cistern of, P., reservoir of (pek-a') 
[Jean Pecquet, French anatomist, 1622-1674]. The 
receptaculum chyli. P.'s duct, the thoracic duct. 

pectase (pek'-tas) [itt]kt6s, fixed]. A hypothetical 
ferment of plants which converts pectose into pectin. 

pecten (pek'-ten) [pecten, a comb: pi., penctines]. 
The os pubis. In biology, a comb-like structure or 
organ. 

pectin (pek'-tin) [irrjKTos, congealed]. A white, am- 
orphous carbohydrate contained in ripe fleshy fruits 
and in certain roots, and believed to be formed from 
the pectose found in unripe fruits by the action of 
acids. Syn., vegetable jelly. 

pectinal (pek'-tin-al) [pecten, a comb]. Comb-like. 

pectinase (pek' -tin-as). The enzyme capable of 
transforming pectin. 

pectinate (pek'-tin-at) [pecten]. Arranged like the 
teeth of a comb. p. ligament, fibers of connective 
tissue at the angle of the anterior chamber of the eye, 
between the iris and the cornea, p. muscles, the 
musculi pectinati, muscular ridges in the auricles of 
the heart. 

pectineal (pek-tin-e'-dl) [pecten]. 1. Comb-shaped. 
2. Pertaining to the pecten or os pubis, p. line, that 
part of the iliopectineal line found on the os pubis. 

pectineus (pek-tin-e'-us). See under muscle. 

pectiniform (pek-tin'-if-orm) [pecten; forma, a 
form]. Comb-shaped. 

pectoral (pek' -tor -aV) [pectus, breast]. 1. Pertain- 
ing to the chest, as the pectoral muscles. 2. Useful in 
diseases of the chest. 3. A remedy useful in dis- 
eases of the chest, p. ridge, the external bicipital 
ridge of the humerus, p. species, a combination of 
pectoral herbs. 

pectoralgia (pek-tor-al'-je-ah) [pectus, breast; 
&\yos, pain]. Neuralgic pain in the chest. 

pectoralis (pek-tor-a' -lis) . See under muscle. 

pectoriloquy (pek-tor-iV -o-kwe) [pectus, breast; 
loqui, to speak]. The distinct transmission of artic- 
ulate speech to the ear on auscultation. It may be 
heard over cavities in the lung, over areas of consoli- 
dation near a large bronchus, over a pneumothorax 
when the opening in the lung is patulous, and over 
some pleural effusions, p. aphonic. 1. The sound 
heard in auscultating a lung in which there is a cavity. 
2. The sound heard in auscultation in pleuritic effu- 
sion when the subject speaks in a low tone, p., 



whispering, the transmission of the whispered words 
to the auscultating ear. The sounds seem to eman- 
ate directly from the spot auscultated. 

pectorophony (pek-tor-off'-o-ne) [pectus, breast; 
<f>uvr), sound]. Exaggerated vocal resonance, as heard 
in auscultating the chest. 

pectose (pek'-tos) [irrjKTos, congealed]. A com- 
pound occurring in unripe fruits, and giving rise to 
pectin. 

pectous (pek'-tus). Relating to pectin or pectose. 

pectunculi (pek-tunk '-u-li) [pecten, comb]. Plural 
of pectunculus. Longitudinal striations in the walls 
of the Sylvian aqueduct. 

pectus (pek'-tus) [L., "breast"]. The chest or 
breast, p. carinatum, a narrow chest projecting 
anteriorly in the region of the sternum. Syn., 
keeled breast; pigeon-breast. 

pedal (ped'-al) [pes, pedis, foot]. 1. Pertaining to 
the foot. 2. Pertaining to the pes or crusta of the 
crus cerebri and pons. p. system, a ganglionic system 
of the brain. 

pedarthrocace (ped-arth-rok'-as-e) [irals, child; 
apdpov, a joint; nands, evil]. A necrotic ulceration or 
caries of the joints of children. 

pedatrophia, pedatrophy (ped-at-ro'-fe-ah, ped-at'- 
ro-fe) [irals, child; atrophy]. 1. Any wasting disease 
of childhood. 2. Tabes mesenterica. 

pederast (ped'-er-ast). One who practices peder- 
asty. 

pederasty (ped'-er-as-te) [irals, boy; ipaarns, lover]. 
Sexual intercourse with boys, through the anus. 

pedesis (pe-de'-sis) [irijSria-is, leaping or bounding]. 
The dancing oscillating motion of the particles of 
any substance sufficiently powdered and suspended 
in a suitable liquid. Brownian movement. 

pedialgia (pe-de-al'-je-ah) [irehlov, foot; a/y\os, pain]. 
Pain in the foot. 

pediatrician (ped-e-at-rish'-un). Same as pediat- 
rist. 

pediatrics, pediatry (pe-de-at'-riks, pe-di'-at-re) 
[irals, child; iarpeia, therapeutics]. The branch of 
medicine dealing with the diseases of children. 

pediatrist (ped-e-at'-rist). A specialist in children's 
diseases. 

pedication (ped-i-ka' -shun) [7rai5i/cd, a darling]. 
Sodomy with a boy. 

pedicle (ped'-ik-l) [pediculus, dim. of pes, foot]. 
1. A slender precess acting as a foot or stem, as the 
pedicle of a tumor. 2. Of a vertebra, the portion of 
bone projecting backward from each side of the body 
and connecting the lamina with the body, p., ver- 
tebral. See pedicle (2). p., vitelline, the pedicle 
uniting the umbilical vesicle to the embryo. 

pedicterus (ped-ik'-ter-us) [irals, a child; lurepos , 
jaundice]. Icterus neonatorium. 

pedicular (ped-ik'-u-lar) [pedicle]. 1. Pertaining to 
a pedicle; peduncular. 2. [pediculus, louse]. Lousy. 
3. Belonging to the genus Pediculus. 

pediculation (ped-ik-u-la' -shun) [pediculus]. The 
state of one suffering from pediculosis. 2. The process 
of developing a pedicle. 

pediculi (pe-dik'-u-li) [L.]. Plural of pediculus, 
q.v. 

pediculin (ped-ik'-u-lin) [pediculus]. A proprie- 
tary insecticide said to consist of limestone, 65%, and 
crude naphthalin, 35 %• 

pediculofrontal (ped-ik-u-lo-front'-al]. Relating to 
the pedicles of the frontal convolutions. 

pediculoides ventricosus (ped-ik-u-lo'-id-ez ven- 
trik-o'-sus). A mite found in the straw of mattresses 
and producing straw itch. 

pediculoparietal (ped-ik-u-lo-par-i'-et-al) . Relating 
to the pedicles of the cerebral convolutions and the 
parietal region. 

pediculophobia (ped-ik-u-lo-fo'-be-ah) [pediculus; 
(ftofios, fear]. Morbid dread of lice. 

pediculosis (ped-ik-u-lo'-sis) [pediculus]. Lousi- 
ness; a skin affection characterized by the presence of 
pediculi or lice. 

pediculus (ped-ik'-u-lus) [L., "a louse"]. A small 
parasitic hemipterous insect, the louse, p. capitis, 
the head-louse, p. corporis, the body-louse, p. 
pubis, a species infesting the pubic region of unclean 
persons, occasionally spreading over other hairy 
parts of the body — eyebrows, axilla?, etc. Syn., crab- 
louse, p. vestimenti. Synonym of p. corporis. 

pedicure (ped'-ik-ur) [pes, foot; cura, care]. 1. 
Care of the feet. 2. A chiropodist. 

pediluvium (ped-il-oo'-ve-um) [pes, foot; lavare, to 
wash]. A foot-bath. 



PEDIOCOCCUS 



662 



PELMA 



pediococcus (ped-e-o-kok'-us) [pes, a foot; kokkos, a 
berry]. A term formerly given to a genus of mi- 
crococci. 

pedion, pedium (pe'-de-on, -um) [irals, child], i. 
A child; also, a fetus. 2. [ireUov, sole]. The sole 
of the foot. 

pedionalgia (ped-e-on-al'-je-ah) [ireSlov, sole of the 
foot; a\yos, pain]. Pain in the sole of the feet. 

peditis (pe-di'-tis) [pes, foot; it«, inflammation]. 
A serious complication of laminitis of the horse's 
foot, in which not only the laminae, but the perios- 
teum and the coffin-bone also, are involved in the 
inflammatory process. 

pedobaromacrometer, pedobaromacrometer (pe- 
do-bar-o-mak-rom' -et-er) . An instrument for weigh- 
ing and measuring infants. 

pedobarometer, paedobarometer (pe-do-bar-om'- 
et-ur) [irals, a child; (iapos, weight; n'erpov, a measure]. 
An instrument for determining the weight of a child. 

pedodynamometer (ped-o-di-nam-om' -et-er) [pes, 
foot; Svi'afiis, power; ukrpov, measure]. . An instru- 
ment intended to measure the muscular strength of 
the leg. 

pedology (pe-dol'-o-je) [irals, child; \6yos, science]. 
The science, or sum of knowledge, regarding child- 
hood, its diseases, hygiene, etc. 

pedometer (pe-dom' -et-er) 1. [irals, child; ukrpov, 
measure]. An instrument for determining the 
weight and height of a new-born child. 2. [pes, foot; 
p-erpov, a measure]. An instrument for automatically 
measuring any distance traveled. As formerly 
constructed, it registered the number of footsteps. 

pedometry (pe-dom'-et-re) [pedometer]. 1. The 
measurement of the newborn child. 2. The use of 
the pedometer. 

pedonosology (pe-do-nos-oV-o-je) [irals, child; 
vbaos, disease; \6yos, science]. The nosology of 
disease peculiar to infancy and childhood. Pedi- 
atrics. 

pedonosos, pedonosus (pe-don'-o-sos, pe-don'-o- 
sus) [irals, child; vouos, disease]. A disease of child- 
hood. 

pedopathy (pe-dop'-ath-e) [irals, child; irddos, 
suffering]. The science of the diseases of children, 
their treatment, etc. 

pedotrophy (pe-dot'-ro-fe) [irals, child; rpo<pi), 
nourishment]. The hygiene of childhood; the care, 
nursing, and regimen of children. 

peduncle (pe'-dung-kl) [pedunculus, dim. of pes]. 
A narrow part acting as a support, p., callosal, 
the anterior perforated space, p., cerebellar, in- 
ferior, one of two bands of white matter passing up 
from the medulla oblongata, connecting the medulla 
with the cerebellum, and forming the lower lateral 
wall of the fourth ventricle, p., cerebellar, middle, 
one of the bands of white matter joining the pons 
and the cerebellum, p., cerebellar, posterior. 
Synonym of p., cerebellar, inferior, p., cerebellar, 
superior, one of the two bands of white matter 
that pass from the cerebellum to the testes of the 
corpora quadrigemina. p., cerebral, the crus cerebri. 
p. of the pineal gland, a delicate white band passing 
forward from each side of the pineal gland along the 
edge of the third ventricle. 

peduncular (ped-ung'-ku-lar) [peduncle]. Per- 
taining to a peduncle. 

pedunculate, pedunculated (pe-dung'-ku-lat, pe- 
dung'-ku-la-ted) [pedunculus, dim. of pes, foot]. 
Having a peduncle; stalked. 

pedunculus (pe-dung'-ku-lus) . Same as peduncle. 

peeling (pel'-ing) [pellis, skin]. A term applied 
to the process of desquamation, as in scarlet fever. 

peenash (pe'-nash) [E. Ind.]. The Eastern name 
for myiasis, produced by Lucilia macellaria. 

peg. 1. A pointed pin of wood, metal, or other 
material. 2. A wooden leg. p.-leg, a wooden leg 
of the simplest form, p.-teeth, a name given by 
Hutchinson to the teeth of children with hereditary 
syphilis, from the peg-like appearance of the crowns. 

pegmatic (peg-mat' '-ik) [irijyp,a, a concrement]. 
Pertaining to or producing coagulation. 

peinotherapy (pi-no-ther'-ap-e) [irelva, hunger; 
depairela, cure]. The cure of disease by deprivation 
of food. 

Pekelharing's theory of blood-coagulation. Throm- 
bin (fibrin-ferment) is composed of nucleoalbumin 
and calcium; the calcium leaves the nucleoproteid 
and unites with fibrinogen, the compound of the two 
being fibrin. 

pelada, pelade (pel'-a-dah, pel-ahd') [Fr.]. 1. Alo- 



pecia areata of the scalp. 2. A disease resembling 
pellagra, due to eating infected maize. 

pelage (pel-ahf) [pilus, the hair]. The hairy 
system of the body. 

pelagin (pel'-aj-in). A proprietary remedy for 
sea-sickness, said to consist of a solution of anti- 
pyrine, caffeine, and cocaine. 

pelargonic acid (pel-ar-gon'-ik) [ireXapyds, a stork], 
C9H18O2. A monobasic crystalline acid obtained 
from the essential oil of Pelargonium roseum and 
from other oils. It is employed in the flavoring of 
wines. 

pelatina (pel-at-i'-nah). See pelada (2). 

pelicochirometresis (pel-ik-o-ki-ro-met-re'-sis) 

[ireXUr], a wooden bowl; x«p, the hand; iikrpov, a 
measure]. Digital pelvimetry. 

pelfeometer (pel-ik-om' -et-er). Synonym of pelvi- 
meter. 

pelidnoma (pel-id-no' -mah). Synonym of ecchy- 
mosis. 

pelioma (pel-e-o'-mah) [ire\ia>fia, a livid spot]. 
A livid spot, as seen in peliosis. 

peliosis (pel-e-o'-sis) [see pelioma]. Purpura, p. 
rheumatica, purpura rheumatica; a disease charac- 
terized by a purpuric rash, with arthritis and fever. 

pellagra (pel-lah'-grah pel-a'-grah) [irkWa, skin; ay pa, 
a seizure]. A disease occurring in Italy, southern 
France, Spain, and in the southern States. It was 
formerly believed to be due to the v use of diseased 
maize, but is now thought by some to be of protozoan 
origin, by others to be a deficiency disease; see vita- 
mine. It is characterized in the early stages by de- 
bility, spinal pains, and digestive disturbances; later 
erythema develops, with drying and exfoliation of the 
skin. In severe cases various nervous manifestations 
arise, such as spasms, ataxic paraplegia, and mental 
disturbances. In cases presenting ataxic paraplegia 
the spinal cord has shown combined posterior and 
lateral sclerosis. Syn., Lombardian leprosy, p. sine 
pellagra, pellagra without the erythematous rash. 

pefiagracein (pel-a-gra'-se-in) [pellagra]. A poison- 
ous substance found in decomposed corn-meal. 
Syn., pellagrazein, pellagrocein, pellagrozein. 

pellagraphobia (pel-a-graf-o'-be-ah). Morbid dread 
of becoming affected with pellagra. 

pellagrin (pel'-a-grin) [It., pella, skin; agra, rough; 
or ireXha, skin; &ypa, seizure]. One- who is afflicted 
with pellagra. 

pellagrous (pel-a'-grus) [wkWa, skin; aypa, seizure]. 
Affected with pellagra; pertaining to pellagra. 

pellentia (pel-en' -she-ah) [pellere, to drive]. Ab- 
ortifacient drugs. 

pellet (pel'-et) [pila, ball]. A small pill. 

pelletierine (pel-ef -e-er-en) [Bertrand Pelletier, 
French chemist, 1761-1797], CsHuNO. A liquid 
alkaloid obtained together with an isomeric body, 
isopelletierie, also a liquid alkaloid, from pome- 
granate-bark. It is used as a teniafuge, chiefly in 
the form of the tannate. p. hydrobromide, used in 
paralysis of the eye-muscles. Dose 4-6 gr. (0.25- 
0.4 Gm.). p. hydrochloride, used as a teniafuge. 
Dose 4I-8 gr. (0.3-0.5 Gm.). p. sulphate, used as 
an anthelmintic. Dose 6 gr. (0.4 Gm.) with 8 gr. 
(0.52 Gm.) of tannin in 1 oz. (30 Cc.) of water, 
followed by a cathartic, p. tannate (pelletier ince 
tannas, U. S. P.), a mixture of the tannates of four 
alkaloids obtained from Punica granatum. Dose 
4 gr. (0.25 Gm.). 

pellicle (pel'-ik-l) [pellis, skin]. 1. A thin mem- 
brane,- or cuticle. 2. A film on the surface of a 
liquid. 

pellicular (pel-ik'-u-lar) [pellicula, dim. of pellis, 
skin]. Of the nature of, or resembling a pellicle; 
thin-skinned. 

pelliculate (pel-ik'-u-lat) [pellicula, a small skin]. 
Covered with a pellicle. 

pellis (pel'-is) [L.]. The skin. 

pellitory (pel' -it-or-e) . See pyrethrum. 

pellotine (pel'-ot-en), C13H19NO3. An alkaloid 
from the Mexican cactus, Anhalonium williamsi; 
it is a hypnotic, and is used chiefly in the form of the 
hydrochloride. Dose £-1 gr. (0.056-0.06 Gm.); 
subcutaneously |-| gr. (0.02-0.048 Gm.). 

pellous (pel' -us) [pellis, skin]. Dark-skinned. 

pellucid (pel-u'-sid) [pellucere, to shine through]. 
Transparent; translucent; not opaque, p. zone, 
the zona pellucida, or inclosing membrane of the 
mammalian ovum. It is also called the zona radiata. 

pelma (pel' -mah) [ire\p.a, sole]. The lower surface 
of the toes; also the entire sole of the foot. 



PELMATIC 



663 



PELVISACRAL 



pelmatic {pel-mat' '-ik) [wekua, sole]. Relating to 
the sole of the foot. 

pelmatogram (pel-mat' -o-gr am) [xeX/za, the sole of 
the foot; ypanfia, a writing]. An imprint of the sole 
of the foot. 

pelohemia, pelohaemia (pe-lo-he'-me-ah) [ttt/Xos, 
mud; alfia, blood]. Excessive thickness of the 
blood. 

pelopathist (pe-lop'-ath-ist) [ttt/Xos, mud; iraBos, 
disease]. One who practises pelopathy. 

pelopathy (pe-lop'-ath-e). The treatment of dis- 
eases by' the application of mud. 

pelor (pel' -or) [irekwp, a monster]. A fetal mon- 
strosity, with some parts abnormally large. 

pelotherapy (pe-lo-ther'-ap-e). See pelopathy. 

peltation (pel-ta'-shun) [wkXrv, a shield]. The 
protection afforded by inoculation with a serum. 

pelveoperitonitis (pel'-ve-o-per-it-on-i'-tis) [pelvis; 
peritoneum; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of 
the pelvic peritoneum. 

pelveoscope (pel' -ve-o-skop) [pelvis, a-Koirelv, to 
examine]. An instrument for examining the pelvis; 
a pelvimeter. 

pelvioscopy (pel-ve-os'-ko-pe) . See pelvioscopy. 

pelvic (pel'-vik) [pelvis]. Pertaining to the pelvis. 
p. abscess, a suppurative inflammation of the con- 
nective tissue of the pelvic cavity, most common in 
women, and usually associated with puerperal or 
gonorrheal infection, p. arch. Same as p. girdle. 
p. cellulitis, inflammation of the connective tissue 
of the pelvis, p. fascia, the fascia lining the pelvic 
cavity, p. girdle, the arch formed by the ilium, 
ischium, and pubis, or in the higher vertebrates by 
the two innominate bones, p. index, the relation of 
the anteroposterior to the transverse diameter of 
the pelvis, p. inlet, the superior strait, p. outlet, 
the inferior strait, p. region, the region within the 
true pelvis. 

pelvicellulitis (pel-vis-el-u-li'-tis). See pelvic cellu- 
litis. 

pelvicliseometer (pel-vik-liz-e-om'-et-er) [pelvis; 
kXio-«, inclination; y.krpov, measure]. An instrument 
for determining the inclination and the diameters 
of the pelvis. 

pelvfifixation (pel-ve-fiks-a'-shun) . Surgical fixation 
of a misplaced pelvic organ. 

pelvigraph (pel'-vig-raf) [pelvis; ypafaiv, to write]. 
An apparatus that automatically records the outline 
of the pelvic wall. 

pelvimeter (pel-vim' -et-er) [pelvis; ukrpov, a meas- 
ure]. An instrument for measuring the pelvic 
dimensions. 

pelvimetry (pel-vim' -et-re) [see pelvimeter]. The 
measurement of the dimensions of the pelvis, p. 
combined, a combination of external and internal 
pelvimetry, p. digital, pelvimetry by means of the 
hand, p., external, measurement of the external 
diameters of the pelvis, by which to estimate the 
dimensions of the internal parts, p., internal, 
measurement of the internal dimensions of the pelvis 
by the hand or by the pelvimeter, p., manual. 
Same as p., digital. See pelvis. 

Table of Measurements of the Female Pelvis Cov- 
ered by the Soft Parts. 

Between iliac spines 26 cm. 

Between iliac crests 29 

External conjugate diameter 20J " 

Internal conjugate diagonal i2f " 

True conjugate, estimated 11 

Right diagonal 22 

Left diagonal 22 " 

Between trochanters 31 

Circumference of pelvis 90 

pelvioplasty (pel-ve-o-plas'-te) [pelvis; irXaaaeip, 
to form]. 1. Pelviotomy for the purpose of en- 
larging the pelvic outlet. 2. Incision into the pelvis 
of the kidney. 

pelvioscopy (pel-ve-os'-ko-pe) [pelvis, vkoitHv, to 
examine]. The examination of the pelvis; pelvi- 
metry. 

pelviotomy (pel-ve-ot'-o-me) [pelvis, toutj, a cutting]. 
Section or cutting of the bones of the pelvis, especially 
the division of the symphysis pubis in case of difficult 
labor. 

pelviperitonitis (pel-vi-per-e-ton-i'-lis) [pelvis; peri- 
tonitis]. Pelvic peritonitis. 

pelvirectal (pel-ve-rek'-tal). Relating to the pelvis 
and the rectum. 



pelvis (pel' -vis) [L., "a basin"]. 1. A basin or 
basin-shaped cavity, as the pelvis of the kidney. 
2. The bony ring formed by the two innominate 
bones and the sacrum and coccyx. 3. The cavity 
bounded by the bony pelvis. The pelvis consists 
of two parts — the true pelvis and the false pelvis, 
which are separated by the iliopectineal line. The 
entrance of the true pelvis, corresponding to this 
line, is known as the inlet or superior strait; the 
outlet or inferior strait is bounded by the symphysis 
pubis, the tip of the coccyx, and the two ischia. 
In measuring the pelvis the cardinal points of Capuron 
are used as landmarks. They are the two iliopectineal 
eminences and the two sacroiliac joints, p. sequa- 
biliter justo major, one equally enlarged in all 
diameters, p. aequabiliter justo minor, a pelvis with 
all its diameters reduced below the normal, p., 
axis of (of inlet or outlet), a perpendicular to the middle 
of the anteroposterior diameter, p., beaked, one 
in which the pubic bones are compressed laterally 
so as to approach each other, and are pushed forward; 
a condition seen in osteomalacia, p., brim of, the 
entrance to the pelvic cavity, called the inlet, superior 
strait, margin, or isthmus. # p., cordate, one with 
heart-shaped inlet, p., diameters of, imaginary 
lines drawn between certain bony points, (a) Of 
the inlet: the anteroposterior (sacropubic, or conju- 
gate), from the upper edge of the promontory of 
the sacrum to a point f of an inch below the upper 
border of the pubic symphysis; it measures 11 cm.; 
the transverse, from side to side at the widest point, 
measuring 13I cm.; the oblique (right and left), 
measuring I2f cm. (b) Of the outlet: the antero- 
posterior, from the tip of the coccyx to the subpubic 
ligament, measuring 9-i cm.; the transverse, between 
the ischial tuberosities, measuring 11 cm.; the oblique, 
from the under surface of the sciatic ligaments to 
the junction of the ischiopubic rami, p., false, that 
part above the iliopectineal line, p., floor of, the 
mass of skin, connective tissue, muscles, and fascia 
forming the inferior boundary of the pelvis, p., 
inclination of . See p., obliquity of. p., inlet of . See 
inlet, p., justomajor. See p. cequabiliter justo 
major, p., justominor. See p. cequabiliter justo 
minor, p., kyphotic, one characterized by increase of 
the conjugate diameter of the inlet, but decrease of 
the transverse diameter of the outlet, through approxi- 
mation of the tuberosities of the ischium. _ p., 
malacosteon. See p., osteomalacic, p., masculine, 
one narrowed progressively from above, p., Nae- 
gele's oblique, a pelvic deformity with ankylosis of 
one sacroiliac synchondrosis, lack of development of 
the associated lateral sacral mass, and other defects 
that distort the diameters and render the conjugate 
oblique in direction, p., obliquity of, p., inclination 
of, the angle between the axis of the pelvis and that 
of the body, p., osteomalacic, a distorted pelvis 
characterized by a lessening of the transverse and 
oblique diameters, with great increase of the antero- 
posterior diameter, p., planes of, imaginary surfaces 
touching all points of the circumference. The 
plane of pelvic expansion perforates the middle of 
the symphysis, the tops of the acetabula, and the 
sacrum between the second and third vertebrae. 
Its anteroposterior diameter is 12! cm.; its transverse 
diameter is 12^ cm. The plane of pelvic contraction 
passes through the tip of the sacrum, the spines of 
the ischia, and the under surface of the symphysis. 
Its anteroposterior diameter is nj cm.; its trans- 
verse diameter is io§ cm. p., rhachitic, one charac- 
terized by a sinking in and forward of the sacro- 
vertebral angle, with a flaring outward of the iliac 
crests and increased separation of the iliac spines. 
p., Robert's, one in which there is an ankylosis 
of both sacroiliac joints, with a rudimentary sacrum, 
both lateral sacral masses being undeveloped, the 
oblique and transverse diameters being much nar- 
rowed, p., rostrate. Same as p., beaked. p., 
simple fiat, one in which the only deformity consists 
in a shortening of the anteroposterior diameter, p. 
spinosa, a rhachitic pelvis in which the crest of the 
pubis is very sharp, and presents a spine at the 
insertion of the psoas parvus, p., split, a form in 
which there is congenital separation of the pubic 
bones at the symphysis. It is often associated with 
exstrophy of the bladder, p., straits of (superior 
and inferior), the planes of the inlet and outlet. 
p., true, the part below the iliopectineal line. 

pelvisacral (pel-ve-sa'-kral) [pelvis; sacrum]. Per- 
taining to the pelvis and the sacrum. 



PELVISACRUM 



664 



PENZOLDT'S TEST 



pelvisacrum (pel-ve-sa'-krum). The pelvis and 
sacrum taken conjointly. 

pelvitomy (pel-vit'-o-me) [pelvis; row, a cutting]. 
Synonym of pelviotomy. 

pelvitrochanterian (pel-ve-tro-kan-te'-re-an). Relat- 
ing to the pelvis and the great trochanter of the femur. 

pelvoscopy (pel-vos'-ko-pe). See pelvioscopy. 

pelycalgia (pel-ik-al'-je-ah) [irk\v£, pelvis; &X70S, 
pain]. Pelvic pain in general. 

pelycochirometresis (pel-ik-o-ki-ro-met-re'-sis). See 
pelycocheirometresis. 

pelycotomy (pel-ik-ot'-o-me) [ire\v£, pelvis; row, 
a cutting]. Division of the os pubis; symphyseo- 
tomy. See pelviotomy. 

pelyocheirometresis (pel-e-o-ki-ro-met-re'-sis) [irk\v£ , 
pelvis; x«P. hand; ukrpov, measure]. Synonym of 
pelvimetry, digital. 

pelycography (pel-ik-og'-ra-fe) [irk\v£, pelvis; ypa- 
<t>eiv, to write]. A description of the pelvis. 

pelycology (pel-ik-ol'-o-je) [ire\v%, pelvis; X670S, 
science]. A treatise upon the pelvis. 

pelycometer (pel-ik-om'-et-er) [irk\v%, pelvis; n'erpov, 
measure]. Same as pelvimeter. 

pelycometresis (pel-ik-o-met-re'-sis). Synonym of 
pelvimetry. 

pelyometer (pel-e-om'-et-er) [7reXu£, pelvis; ukrpov, 
measure]. Same as pelvimeter. 

pelyometresis (pel-e-o-met-re'-sis) [irk\v£, pelvis; 
likrpov, measure]. Same as pelvimetry. 

pemmican (pem'-ik-an) [Amer. Ind.]. A concen- 
trated food consisting of a mixture of the best beef 
and fat dried together. Sugar is sometimes added, 
as well as raisins and currants. 

pemphigoid (pem'-fig-oid) [see pemphigus]. Re- 
sembling or having the nature of pemphigus. 

pemphigus (pem'-fig-us) [irkp.<f>i£, a blister]. An 
acute or chronic disease of the skin characterized by 
the appearance of bulla? or blebs, p. benignus. 
Same as p. vulgaris, p. circinatus, a kind with the 
bulla? in circles, p. foliaceus, a rare form charac- 
terized by crops of flaccid blebs containing a turbid 
fluid. The disease is usually of long duration, but 
eventually ends fatally, p. hystericus. Same as 
p. pruriginosus. p. malignus. Same as p. prurigi- 
nosus. p. neonatorum, an acute form occurring in 
infants and supposed to be due to a microorganism. 
p. pruriginosus, that associated with severe itching, 
purulent bullae, and wheals, p. solitarius, a form 
with single blebs, p. syphiliticus, a bullous eruption 
due to syphilis, p. vegetans, an affection charac- 
terized by sore mouth, followed by some form of 
dermatitis attended by vesication and then by papil- 
lary growths, gradual emaciation and death. Syn., 
Neumann's disease, p. vulgaris, a form that is 
usually chronic, the blebs appearing in successive 
crops; on healing they leave a pigmented spot. 
Itching and pain may be present. 

pencil (pen'-sil) [penicillus, pencil]. 1. In phar- 
macy, a medicated cylindrical stick, as a menthol 
pencil, which is used for local application. 2. An 
aggregation of rays of light meeting in a point. 

pendinski ulcer (pen-din' -ske). See furunculus 
orientalis. 

pendulous (pen'-du-lus) [pendere, to hang]. Hang- 
ing down loosely. 

pendulum-motion. A to-and-fro movement like 
that of a pendulum sometimes observed in the arms 
in obscure nervous diseases. 

penetrating (pen'-e-tra-ting) [see penetration]. 
Entering beyond the surface, p. power. See focal 
depth, p. wound, one that pierces the wall of a 
cavity or enters an organ. 

penetration (pen-e-lra'-shun) [penetrare, to pierce]. 
1. The act of penetrating or piercing into. 2. Of a 
microscope, the focal depth. 3. The entrance of 
the penis into the vagina. 

penetrometer (pen-e-trom'-et-er). An instrument 
for measuring the penetrating power of the x-rays. 

pengawar, penghawar djambi. The long soft 
hairs, used as a mechanical styptic, obtained from 
rhizomes of various ferns of Sumatra and Java, 
particularly from the genus Cibotium. 

penial (pe'-ne-al) [penis]. Pertaining to the penis. 

penicillate (pen' -is-il-al) [penicillus, a painter's 
brush or pencil]. Shaped like a pencil of hairs. 

penicilliform (pen-is-iV -if-orm) [penicillus, a pencil; 
forma, iorm]. Resembling a pencil. 

Penicillium (pen-is-il'-e-um) [see penicillate], A 
genus of fungi, of which the Penicillium glaucum, 
or common blue-mold, is a familiar example. 



penicillus (pen-is-il'-us) [penicillus, a painter's 
brush; pi., penicilli]. One of the tufts of fine twigs 
into which the arteries of the spleen subdivide. 

penile (pe'-nil) [penis]. Pertaining to the penis. 

penis (pe'-nis) [pendere, to hang]. The male organ 
of copulation. It consists of the corpus spongiosum, 
inclosing, the urethra, the two corpora cavernosa, 
largely # composed of erectile tissue, and the glans. 
p. captivus, one held in the vagina during copulation 
by spasm of the perineal muscles of the female. 
p. cerebri, the pineal gland, p. factitious, an arti- 
ficial penis. Syn., fascinum; dildoe. p. feminis, 
the clitoris. p. lipodermus. See paraphimosis. 
p. muliebris. Synonym of p. feminis. p. palmatus, 
one inclosed by the skin of the scrotum. Syn., 
webbed penis, p. succedaneus. See p. factitious. 

penischisis (pen-is' -kis-is) [penis; <rx«us, a splitting] 
A comprehensive term for epispadias and hypo- 
spadias. 

penitis (pe-ni'-tis) [penis; ins, inflammation]. 
Inflammation of the penis. 

penjavar yambi. See penghawar djambi. 

Penjdeh sore (penj'-deh) [Penjdeh, a village of 
Russian Turkestan]. See furunculus orientalis. 

penniform (pen' -if-orm) [penna, feather; forma, 
form]. Shaped like a feather; said of certain muscles. 

pennyroyal (pen-e-roi'-al). See hedeoma. 

pennyweight (pen'-e-wat) [AS., pening, penny; 
wegan, weigh]. A weight of 24 grains. 

penologist (pe-noV -o-jist) . One who makes a 
study of crime and its cause and prevention. 

penology, poenology (pe-nol'-o-je) [iroivi), penalty; 
Xoyos, science]. The science treating of crime, its 
punishment and prevention; the study of the manage- 
ment of prisons, etc. 

penoscrotal (pe-no-skro'-tal). Pertaining to the 
penis and the scrotum. 

pensioner, Chelsea. See under Chelsea. 

pent-. A prefix used to signify five. 

pentabasic (pen-tab-a'-sik) [irkvre, five; basis, base]. 
Having five replaceable hydrogen atoms. 

pentad (pen'-tad) [irkvre, five]. An element or 
radical having a valence of five. 

pental (pen'-tal) [irkvre, five], C5H10. Trimethyl- 
ethylene; it is used as an anesthetic. 

pentamethylendiamine (pen-tah-melh-il-en-di'-am- 
in). See cadaverine. 

pentane (pen'-tan) [irkvre, five], C5H12. The fifth 
member of the paraffin series of hydrocarbons. It 
is a liquid and occurs in naphtha. 

Pentastoma (pen-tas-to'-mah) [irkvre, five; o-rbp.a, 
mouth]. A genus of entozoa, worm-like parasites, 
generally referred to the class arthropoda. There 
are many species, several of which have been found 
encysted in the human liver and lungs. See lingua- 
tula. 

pentatomic (pen-tat-om'-ik) [irkvre, five; arop.os, 
atom], 1. Containing five atoms. 2. Having five 
replaceable hydrogen atoms in the molecule. 

pentavalent (pen-tav'-al-ent) [irkvre, five; valens, 
having power]. Having a valence of five. 

pentene (pen' -ten) [irkvre, five], C5H10. Amylene, 
one of the olefin series of hydrocarbons. 

pentosan (pen'-to-san). A complex carbohydrate 
capable of forming a pentose by hydrolysis. 

pentosazon (pen-to' -saz-on). A body occurring 
in urine, possessing marked reducing qualities, but 
incapable ofjfermentation; it represents an abnormality 
in the total metabolism of the body. 

pentose (pen'-tos) [irkvre, five]. Any one of a 
class of carbohydrates containing five atoms of 
carbon. The pentoses are not fermentable, and on 
boiling with dilute hydrochloric acid yield furfurol, 
CSH4O2. 

pentosuria (pen-to-su'-re-ah) [pentose; ovpov, urine]. 
The presence of pentose in the urine. Urine con- 
taining pentose reduces Fehling's solution, but does 
not ferment. 

pentoxide (pen-toks'-id) [irkvre, five; oxide]. An 
oxide containing five atoms of oxygen. 

pentyl (pen' -til) [irkvre, five; SX77, matter], C5H11. 
A univalent hydrocarbon, p. hydride, same as amyl 
hydride. 

Penzoldt's test for acetone (pen'-tsolt) [Franz 
Penzoldt, German physician, 1849- ]• Treat 
a warm saturated solution of orthonitrobenzaldehyde 
with the liquid to be tested for acetone, and alka- 
linize with sodium hydroxide. If acetone is present, 
the liquid becomes first yellow, then green, and 
lastly indigo separates, which may be dissolved 



PENZOLDT AND FISCHER'S TEST 665 



PERCEPTION 



with a blue color on shaking with chloroform. P.'s 
test for glucose in urine, to a few cubic centimeters 
of urine add some caustic potash, and enough of a 
weakly alkaline solution of diazobenzol sulphonic 
acid to equal the amount of urine. Shake for one- 
fourth to one-half of an hour to produce foam. 
A light Bordeaux-red or yellowish-red coloration 
will result, with a red foam. 

Penzoldt and Fischer's test for phenol. Treat a 
strongly alkaline solution of phenol with a solution 
of diazobenzol sulphonic acid; a deep red coloration 
is produced. 

peonin {pe'-o-nin), Ci9Hi3G*2(NH2). An indicator 
for alkalies. 

peotomy (pe-ot'-o-me) [vkos, penis; tow, a cutting]. 
Amputation of the penis. 

pepana (.pep'-an-ali). Trade name of a preparation 
of pepsin and pancreatin so arranged and coated that 
the pepsin is released in the stomach and the pan- 
creatin in the intestine. 

pepo (pe'-po) [irkiruv, ripe; mellow]. Seed of the 
pumpkin, Cucurbila pepo; it is a teniafuge. 

peporesin (pe-po-rez'-in). A hard substance in 
the husk of pumpkin-seeds; it is a vermicide. 

pepper (pep'-er) [piper, from Skt., pippala]. The 
fruit of various species of Piper, of the order Piper- 
acece. p., black, the piper of the U. S. P.: piper 
nigrum of the B. P., contains a neutral principle, 
piper in (piperina, U. S. P."), an acrid resin, and a 
volatile oil, and is used as a condiment and as a 
carminative stimulant, and to a slight extent is 
antiperiodic. Dose 5-20 gr. (0.32-1.3 Gm.). p., 
Cayenne. See capsicum, p., oleoresin of (oleoresina 
piperis, U. S. P.). Dose y-i min. (0.016-0.065 Cc). 
p., white, similar to black pepper, but less active. 

peppermint. See mentha piperita. 

peppermint test. A method of discovering defec- 
tive drain-pipes by pouring oil of peppermint down 
the pipes or trap connected with the drain; the odor 
of the peppermint enters the house if the drain 
pipe leaks. 

pepsencia (pep-sen' -she-ah). Trade name of a 
preparation containing the enzymes of the gastric 
glands. 

pepsic (pep'-sik). Same as peptic. 

pepsin [irhf/is, digestion]. A ferment found in the 
gastric juice, and capable of digesting proteids in 
the presence of an acid. It splits albumin into 
antialbumose and hemialbumose, the former of which 
it separates into two molecules of antipeptone, while 
the latter is acted upon by trypsin and split into 
two molecules of hemipeptone. Pepsin is used in 
medicine to aid digestion. The pepsinum of the 
U. S. P. and B. P. is obtained from the stomach of 
pigs. Dose 10-15 gr. (0.65-1.0 Gm.). pepsinum 
saccharatum, pepsin mixed with sugar of milk, pep- 
sini, vinum, contains 0.3 % of hydrochloric acid. 
Dose §-1 oz. (16-32 Cc). 

pepsinate (pep'-sin-at) [irtyis, digestion]. To 
mix, or prepare, with pepsin. 

pepsiniferous (pep-sin-if'-er-us) [pepsin; ferre, to 
bear]. _ Producing pepsin. 

pepsinogen (pep-sin' -o-jen) [pepsin; ytwav, to 
beget]. The antecedent substance or zymogen of 
pepsin, present in the cells of the gastric glands, 
and which during digestion is converted into pepsin. 

pepsinogenous (pep-sin-oj'-en-us). See pepsini- 
ferous. 

pepsinum (pep- si' -num.). See pepsin. 

pepsis (pep'-sis) [-n-expis, digestion]. Digestion. 

peptic (pep'-tik) [pepsin], i. Pertaining to pepsin. 
2. Pertaining to digestion, p. glands, the glands 
situated in the cardiac and middle thirds of the 
stomach, and secreting pepsin and hydrochloric acid. 
p. ulcer, the round ulcer of the stomach, due to 
erosion of the mucous membrane by the gastric 
juice. 

pepticity (pep-lis'-il-e) [irkvrtiv, to digest]. The 
state of being peptic; eupepsia. 

peptid (pep'-tid). A compound of amino-acids 
intermediate between peptones and the individual 
amino-bodies. 

peptinotoxin (pep-tin-o-toks'-in). See peptotoxin. 

peptogaster (pep-to-gas' -ter) [-rk*Teiv, to digest; 
yaarvp, belly]. The intestinal canal, or digestive 
apparatus as a whole. 

peptogastric (pep-to-gas' -trik) [■wk-K-rt.w, to digest; 
yao-rrip, belly]. Pertaining to the peptogaster; 
peptic. 

peptogen (pep'-io-jen) [irk^is, digestion; ytvua„ t 



to beget]. A substance that favors the production of 
pepsin. 

peptogenic (pep-to-jen' -ik) [pepsin; yewav, to pro- 
duce]. Producing pepsin or peptones. 

peptogenous (pep-toj'-en-us) [-n-'&l/vs, digestion; 
yewav, to produce]. Producing pepsin or peptones. 

peptolysis (pep-tol'-is-is) [peptone; \vais, destruc- 
tion]. The hydrolysis or splitting up of peptones. 

peptomangan (pep-to-man' -gan). A proprietary 
compound said to consist of iron, manganese, and 
peptone; used in tuberculosis, etc. 

peptone (pep'-ton) [Trkirreiv, to cook]. A protein 
body formed by the action of ferments on albumins 
during gastric and pancreatic digestion. It may 
be considered a hydrated albumin. Before the final 
formation of peptone several similar intermediate 
compounds are produced, as hemipeptone and anti- 
peptone. See pepsin. Amphopeptone is a mixture 
of these two. Propeptone or hemialbumose is a 
mixture of several intermediate products. Para- 
peptone is also an intermediate product of digestion 
and is closely allied to syntonin. Gelatin-peptone 
is a peptone formed in the digestion of gelatin. 
Peptones are soluble, readily diffusible, are not 
precipitated by boiling, by nitric acid, or by po- 
tassium f errocyanide ; they are precipitated by 
mercury bichloride, by tannic acid, and by phos- 
phomolybdic acid; they give Millon's test, and the 
xanthoproteic and biuret reactions; they are lev- 
orotatory. p., albumin-, a light yellow powder 
obtained from white of egg by action of pepsin with a 
little hydrochloric acid; used as a nutrient, p. anhy- 
dride. See albuminate, p., beef, true peptone from 
beef; a light brown powder, soluble in water, used 
as a nutrient in dyspepsia, p., casein, peptonized 
casein from milk; a yellow, hygroscopic powder used 
as a nutrient, p., milk. See p., casein, p. powder, 
a nutrient containing 91 % of peptone, p.s, test for. 
See Hofmeister. 

peptonemia, peptonemia (pep-to-ne'-me-ah) [pep- 
tone; alua, blood]. The presence of peptone in the 
blood. 

peptonization (pep-to-ni-za'-shun) [peptone]. The 
process of converting proteins into peptones. 

peptonize (pep'-to-niz) [peptone]. To digest with 
pepsin; to predigest; to convert into peptones. 

peptonoid (pep'-to-noid) [TreirreLv, to digest; elSos, 
like]. A substance resembling or claimed to re- 
semble peptones. 

peptonuria (pep-to-nu'-re-ah) [peptone; ovppv, urine]. 
The presence of peptones in the urine, p. entero- 
genous, peptonuria due to disease of the intestine. 
p. hepatogenous, that accompanying certain liver- 
affections, p. nephrogenous, peptonuria of renal 
origin, p., puerperal, the peptonuria of the puerperal 
state, p., pyogenic, that produced by suppuration 
in the body. 

peptosin (pep' -to- sin). A proprietary preparation 
of pepsin. 

peptothyroid (pep-to-lhi'-roid). A proprietary 
peptonized preparation of thyroid extract. 

peptotoxin (pep-to-toks'-in) [peptone; to&kov, a 
poison], A poisonous ptomaine found in peptones 
and in putrefying albuminous substances, such as 
fibrin, casein, brain, liver, and muscle, p., cholera, 
a toxic substance generated by the cholera bacillus, 
and chemically allied to peptone. 

peptovarin (pep-to' -va-rin). Extract of peptonized 
ovaries. 

pepule (pep' -id). Trade name for a pill. 

per [L.j. A preposition meaning through, p. 
anum, by way of the anus. p. os, by the mouth. 
p. rectum, by the rectum, p. vaginam, by the 
vagina, p. viam, by the way of. 

per-. A prefix with an intensive meaning denoting 
"very"; also in chemistry denoting the highest of 
a series. 

peracephalus (per-as-ef'-al-us) [irepa, more than; 
a.Ke<j)a\os, without a head]. A fetal monstrosity 
characterized not only by want of upper extremities, 
but also by malformation or absence of the thorax. 

peracidity (pcr-as-id'-it-e) [per, very; acidus, acid]. 
Excessive acidity. 

peracute (per-ak-ut') [per, very; aculus, sharp]. 
Very acute. 

perarticulation (per-ar-Uk-ii-la'-shun) [per; articu- 
lation]. Synonym of diarthrosis. 

peratodynia (per-at-o-din'-e-ah) [wkpas, end; SSwv, 
pain]. Pain at the cardiac extremity of the stomach. 

perception (per-sep'-shun) [per, capere, to receive]. 



PERCEPTIVITY 



666 



PERIBLAST 



i. The act of receiving impressions through the 
medium of the senses. 2. The faculty receiving 
such impressions. 

perceptivity (per-sep-tiv'-il-e) [per, through; caper e, 
to receive]. The faculty or capability of receiving 
impressions. 

perceptorium (per-sep-to'-re-um). Same as sen- 
sorium. 

perchlorate (per-klo'-rat). See under perchloric 
acid. 

perchlorhydria (per-klor-hi'-dre-ah). See hyper- 
chlorhydria. 

perchloric acid {per-klo'-rik) [per; x^^pos, green], 
HCIO4. The highest oxyacid of chlorine. It is a 
volatile liquid decomposing in contact with organic 
substances, and forming salts called per chlorates. 

perclusion (per-kloo'-shun) [per, through; daudere, 
to shut up]. Inability to execute any movement. 

percolate (per'-ko-lat) [percolare, to strain through]. 
1. To submit to the piocess of percolation. 2. The 
solution obtained by percolation. 

percolation (per-ko-la'-shun) [see percolate]. The 
process of extracting the soluble constituents of a 
substance by allowing the solvent to trickle through 
a powdered mass placed in a long conical vessel — 
the percolator. 

percolator (per'-ko-la-ior) [percolare, to strain 
through]. A long conical vessel with a delivery- 
tube at the lower extremity, employed for the 
purpose of extracting the soluble constituents of a 
substance, packed in a percolator, by means of a 
liquid poured over it. 

percuss (per-kus') [percutere, to strike]. To per- 
form percussion upon. 

percussion (per-kush'-un) [percutere, to strike 
through]. A method of physical diagnosis applied 
by striking upon any part of the body, with a view 
to ascertaining the conditions of the underlying organs 
by the character of the sounds elicited, p., ausculta- 
tory, percussion combined with auscultation. It is 
best performed by placing a double stethoscope at a 
fixed point and percussing gently all around, p., 
immediate, percussion in which the surface is struck 
directly, without the interposition of a pleximeter. 
p., instrumental, the use of a special hammer as a 
plexor, either alone or with a plate as a pleximeter. 
p., mediate, percussion in which a pleximeter is used. 
p.-note, the sound elicited on percussion, p.-wave, 
the term given to the chief ascending wave of the 
sphygmographic tracing. 

percussopunctator (per-kus-o-pungk-ta'-tor) [per- 
cutere, to beat; punctare, to mark]. An instrument 
resembling a plexor or hammer, consisting princi- 
pally ot a group of needles by means of which multiple 
punctures are made into the tissues in rheumatism, 
lumbago, and neuralgia. 

percussor (per-kus'-or) [percutere, to strike through]. 
He who or that which percusses; a percutor or 
plessor. 

percutaneous {per-ku-ta'-ne-us) [per; cutaneous]. 
Performed through the skin, as percutaneous faradiza- 
tion. 

percutor (per-ku'-tor) [percutere, to strike]. An 
instrument used in the percussion of massage and in 
therapeutic flagellation. 

Percy's operation (per'-se) [J. F. Percy, American 
surgeon]. A method of destroying cancer tissue by 
the use of carefully regulated heat. The following 
agents are employed: radiant energy, hot ail, hot 
water, steam, electro-coagulation, fulguration, and 
the actual cautery. 

pereirine (per-i'-ren). An amorphous alkaloid 
found in the bark of Geissospermum lave. Its hydro- 
chloride and valerianate are used as antipyretics. 

perencephalia, perencephaly (per-en-sef-a'-le-ah, 
per-en-sef'-al-e) [irripa, a pouch; eyntyaXos, brain]. 
A condition marked by multiple cystic brain tu- 
mors. 

Perez's bacillus. The supposed microorganism of 
ozena. P.'s sign. A loud friction-murmur heard 
over the sternum when the patient raises his arms, 
especially the left, over his head and lets them fall 
again; it is noted in cases of aneurysm of the arch 
of the aorta and in mediastinal tumors. 

perflation (per-fla' -shun) [perflare, to blow through]. 
1. A method of ventilation by which a current of 
air blowing against a dwelling is made to force its 
way in. 2. The act of forcing air into a cavity for 
the purpose of evacuating fluid. 

perforans (per'-for-anz) [perforate]. Penetrating 



or perforating, a term applied to a muscle or nerve 
perforating a part. 

perforate (per'-for-at) [per; for are, to bore]. In 
biology, pierced with small holes. 

perforated (per'-for-a-ted) [perforate]. Pierced 
through, p. space, a part of the base of the brain 
pierced with many small holes for the passage of 
blood-vessels. The anterior perforated space is 
situated on the inner side of the fissure of Sylvius; 
the posterior perforated space, between the corpora 
albicantia in front, the pons behind, and the crura 
cerebri on either side. 

perforating (per'-for-a-ting) [perforate]. Piercing. 
p. ulcer. See ulcer, perforating. 

perforation (per-for-a'-shun) [perforate]. 1. The 
act of piercing or boring into a part; especially the 
piercing of the fetal head during labor. - 2. A hole 
made through a part or the wall of a cavity. 

perforator (per'-for-a-tor) [perforate]. An instru- 
ment for boring through the fetal skull; also for 
perforating other bones. 

perforatorium (per-for-a-to'-re-um). 1. The pointed 
process of the spermatozoon head. 2. Same as 
cephalotome. 

perforatus {per-for-a'-tus) [perforate]. Perforated, 
applied to a muscle which is perforated by another 
muscle or by a nerve. 

perfrication {per -frik-a' -shun) [per, through ; fricare, 
to rub]. Inunction. 

perfusion (per-fu'-zhun) [per; f under e, to pour]. 
A pouring of fluid into or through; the passage of a 
fluid through spaces. 

pergenol (per'-jen-ol). A solid compound of 
hydrogen dioxide which dissolves in water, forming a 
solution of H2O2. 

perhydrol (per-hi'-droV). Trade name of a solution 
of hydrogen dioxide. 

peri- (per-e-) [irepi, around]. A prefix signifying 
around or surrounding. 

periacinal, periacinous (per-e-as'-in-al, per-e-as'- 
in-us) [peri-; acinus, a. grape]. Lying around an acinus. 

periadenitis (per-e-a-den-i'-tis) [peri-; &8rji>, gland, 
iris, inflammation]. Inflammation of the tissues 
that surround a gland. 

periadventitial. {per-e-ad-ven-tish'-al) [peri-; ad- 
ventitial Situated, or occurring, around the ad- 
ventitia, or external coat of a vessel. 

perialgia (per-e-al'-je-ah) [Peri, very; 0X701, pain]. 
A condition of excruciating pain. 

perialienitis (per-e-al-yen-i'-tis) [peri-; alienus, for- 
eign]. Noninfectious inflammation due to a foreign 
body. Syn., perialienitis cirrhosa. 

periamygdalar (per-e-am-ig'-dal-ar) [Peri-; &nvyda\ri, 
tonsil]. Around a tonsil. 

periamygdalitis (per-e-am-ig-dal-]i'-tis) [peri-; ifivy 
SaX-rj, tonsil; tr«, inflammation. Inflammation- 
around the tonsil; peritonsillitis. 

perianal (per-e-a'-nal) [peri-; anus]. Situated or 
occurring around the anus. 

periangiocholitis (per-e-an-je-o-ko-li'-tis) [Peri-; 
Lyyiiov, vessel; X0X17, bile; ins, inflammation]. In- 
flammation of the connective tissues surrounding the 
biliary ducts. 

periangioma (per-e-an-je-o'-mah) [peri-; &yyeloi>, 
vessel; o>a,, tumor]. A tumor surrounding a vessel. 

periaortitis (per-e-a-or-ti'-tis) [peri-; aorta; it«, 
inflammation]. Inflammation of the tissues sur- 
rounding the aorta. 

periappendicitis (per-e-ap-en-dis-i'-tis). Inflamma- 
tion of the tissue around the vermiform appendix. 

periarterial (per-e-ar-te'-re-al). Surrounding an 
artery. 

periarteritis (per-e-ar-ter-i'-tis). Inflammation of 
the external sheath of an artery, p. nodosa, a 
thickening of the arterial coats in localized areas, 
producing nodular swellings. 

periarthritis (per-e-ar-thri'-tis). Inflammation of 
the tissues about a joint. 

periarticular (per-e-ar-tik'-u-lar). About a joint. 

periatrial (per-e-a'-tre-al) [peri-; atrium]. Situated 
around the atrium, or auricle, of the heart. 

periaxial {per-e-aks'-e-al) [peri-; axis]. Surround- 
ing an axis. p. neuritis, inflammation of the myelin 
sheath but not of the axis-cylinder of a nerve. 

periaxillary (per-e-aks'-il-a-re) . Around the axilla. 

periaxonal (per-e-aks'-on-al) [peri-; axon]. Around 
an axone. 

periblast (per'-e-blast) [peri-; /SXao-ros, a germ]. 
The protoplasm surrounding the nucleus of a cell; 
periplast. 



PERIBLASTIC 



667 



PERIDESMITIS 



periblastic (per-e-blas'-tik) [peri-; pXaaros, a germ]. 
Pertaining to the periblast. Germinating from the 
surface of an ovum. 

periblepsia, periblepsis (per-e-blep'-se-ah, -sis) 
[peri-; p\tirtiv, to look]. The wild look of a patient 
in delirium. 

peribronchial (per-e-brong'-ke-al) [peri-; bronchus]. 
Surrounding a bronchus; occurring about a bronchus. 

peribronchiolitis (per-e-brong-ke-o-li'-tis). Inflam- 
mation around the bronchioles. 

peribronchitis (per-e-brong-ki'-tis). Inflammation 
of the tissue immediately surrounding the bronchi. 

peribrosis (per-ib-ro'-sis) [peri-; ffpilxns, a feeding]. 
Ulceration at the canthi of the eyelids. 

pericsecal {per-is-e'-kal). See pericecal. 

pericardiac, pericardial (per-e-kar'-de-ak, per-e- 
kar'-de-al) [pericardium]. Pertaining to the peri- 
cardium. 

pericardicentesis (per-e-kar-de-sen-te'-sis) [peri- 
cardium; Ktv-rqais, a pricking]. Puncture of the 
pericardium. 

pericardiopleural (per-e-kar-de-o-ploo'-ral). Relat- 
ing to the pericardium and to the pleurae. 

pericardiorrhaphy (per-e-kar-de-or'-af-e) [pericar- 
dium; pa<t>ri, suture]. The suturing of a wound in 
the pericardium. 

pericardiotomy (per-ik-ar-de-ot'-o-me) [pericardium ; 
Tom, a cutting]. Incision of the pericardium. 

pericarditic (per-ik-ar-dit'-ik). Pertaining to peri- 
carditis. 

pericarditis (per-e-kar-di'-tis) [pericardium; ms, 
inflammation]. Inflammation of the pericardium. 
The symptoms are slight fever, precordial pain and 
tenderness, cough, dyspnea, and rapid pulse. The 
physical signs vary — in the early stage there is a 
distinct friction-sound on auscultation, and some- 
times a fremitus on palpation. In the stage of 
effusion there are bulging of the precordia and a 
triangular area of dulness, the base of which is down- 
ward; the heart-sounds are muffled. In chronic 
pericarditis with adhesions there is often systolic 
retraction of the precordia. The causes of peri- 
carditis are rheumatism, the acute and chronic 
infectious diseases, Bright's disease, and extension of 
inflammation from neighboring parts, p., adhesive, 
that in which the two layers of pericardium tend to 
adhere, p., carcinomatous, that due to carcinoma 
of the pericardium, p., dry, a form without effusion. 
p., external, that affecting the outer layer of the peri- 
cardium, p., fibrinous, a form in which the mem- 
brane is covered with a fibrinous exudate, first soft 
and buttery in consistence, but later organizing. 
p., hemorrhagic, a form in which the fluid is hemor- 
rhagic. This is the case most often in tuberculous 
pericarditis, also in scorbutus and in cachectic con- 
ditions, p., localized, a form giving rise to whitish 
areas, the so-called milk-spots, p., moist, that at- 
tended by an effusion, p. obliterans, a form leading 
to obliteration of the cavity by the adhesions of the 
layers, p., purulent, a variety in which the effused 
fluid becomes purulent, p., serofibrinous, a form in 
which there is but little lymph or fibrin, but a con- 
siderable quantity of serous fluid, p. tuberculous, a 
form due to tuberculous infection of the pericardium. 
p., typhoid, that in which there are high fever and 
typhoid symptoms. 

pericardium (per-e-kar'-de-um) [peri-; icapSia, 
heart]. The closed membranous sac enveloping the 
heart. Its base is attached to the central tendon of 
the diaphragm; its apex surrounds for a short distance 
the great vessels arising from the base of the heart. 
It consists of an outer fibrous coat, derived from 
the cervical fascia, and an inner serous coat. The 
sac normally contains from 5 to 20 Gm. of clear 
serous liquid. The part in contact with the heart 
(visceral pericardium) is termed the epicardium; 
the other is the parietal pericardium, p., bread- 
and-butter, a peculiar appearance produced in 
fibrinous pericarditis by the rubbing of the two 
surfaces of the membrane over each other, p., 
shaggy, a pericardium upon which, as the result of 
fibrinous pericarditis, thick, loose, shaggy layers of 
fibrin are deposited. 

pericardosis (per-e-kar-do'-sis). Microbic infection 
of the pericardium. 

pericardotomy (per-e-kar-dot'-o-me) [pericardium ; 
TOfi-f], a cutting]. The operation of opening the 
pericardium. 

pericecal (per-e-se'-kal) [peri-; cecum]. Surround- 
ing the cecum. 



pericellular (per-is-el'-u-lar) [peri-; cellula, a small 
cell]. Surrounding a cell. 

pericementitis (per-e-sem-ent-i'-tis) [peri-; cemen- 
tum, cement; ins, inflammation]. Fauchard's 
disease; progressive necrosis of the dental alveoli. 

pericementum (per-e-sem-ent'-um). A dense fibrous 
tissue covering the fang of a tooth. 

pericentral (per-is-en'-tral). Situated around a 
center, or centrum. 

perichareia (per-ik-ar-i'-ah) [Vepixapifr, very glad]. 
Sudden vehement, or morbid rejoicing; a symptom 
in certain insanities. 

pericholangitis (jper-e-ko-lan-ji'-tis). See peri- 
angiocholitis. 

pericholecystitis (per-ik-ol-e-sis-ti'-iis) [peri-; xo\v, 
bile; kvo-tls, bladder; ms, inflammation]. Inflamma- 
tion near or around the gall-bladder. 

pericholous (per-ik'-o-lus) [peri-; xo^v, bile]. 
Excessively bilious. 

perichondral (per-e-kon'-dral). Relating to the 
perichondrium. 

perichondria! (per-ik-on-dre'-al). Pertaining to or 
resembling perichondrium. 

perichondritic (per-ik-on-drit'-ik). Pertaining to 
or affected with perichondritis. 

perichondritis (per-e-kon-dri'-tis) [perichondrium; 
ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the peri- 
chondrium. 

perichondrium (per-e-kon'-dre-um) [peri-; xwSpos, 
cartilage]. The fibrous connective tissue covering 
the surface of cartilage. 

perichondroma (per-ik-on-dro'-mah) [peri-; xovSpos, 
cartilage; 5p.a, tumor]. A tumor of the perichondrium. 

perichord (per'-ik-ord) [peri-; xopS-fj, cord]. The 
sheath of the notochord. 

perichordal (per-ik-or'-dal). Pertaining to the 
perichord. 

perichoroid, perichoroidal (per-ik-o'-roid, per-ik-o- 
roi'-dal) [peri-; xoptov, chorion; eiSos, like]. Sur- 
rounding the choroid. 

periclasis (per-ik' -las-is) [irepiKkav, to twist around]. 
A comminuted fracture. 

pericolitis (per-e-ko-li'-tis) [peri-; colitis]. Inflam- 
mation of the tissues around the colon. 

pericolonitis (per-ik-o-lon-i'-tis). Same as peri- 
colitis. 

pericolpitis (per-e-kol-pi'-tis). See paracolpitis. 

periconchal (per-ik-ong'-kal) [peri-; Koyxv, a shell]. 
Surrounding the concha of the ear. p. sulcus, a 
sulcus separating the helix and the convex hinder 
surface of the concha. 

periconchitis (per-e-kon-ki'-tis) [peri-; Koyxv, the 
socket of the eye]. Inflammation of the periosteum 
or lining membrane of the orbit. 

pericorneal (per-e-kor'-ne-al) [peri-; cornea]. Sur- 
rounding the cornea. 

pericowperitis (per-e-kow-per-i'-tis). Inflammation 
of the tissues about Cowper's glands. 

pericolitis (per-e-koks-i'-tis). Inflammation of the 
tissues around the hip-joint. 

pericranial (per-e-kra'-ne-al) [pericranium]. Per- 
taining to the pericranium. 

pericranitis {per-ik-ra-ni'-tis). Inflammation of the 
pericranium. 

pericranium (per-e-kra'-ne-um) [peri-; Kpavlov, 
skull]. The periosteum of the skull, p. internum. 
See endocranium. 

pericystic (per-e-sis'-tik). 1. Surrounding a cyst. 
2. Surrounding a bladder either gall-bladder or 
urinary bladder. 

pericystitis (per-e-sis-ti'-tis). Inflammation of the 
peritoneum or the connective tissue surrounding 
the bladder. 

pericystium {per-e-sis'-te-um) [peri-; kihttis, a cyst]. 
1. The vascular wall of a cyst. 2. The tissues 
surrounding a bladder. 

pericytial (per-e-sit'-e-al) [peri-; kvtos, a cell]. 
Surrounding a cell. 

peridectomy (per-e-dek'-to-me). Synonym of 
peritomy. 

peridendritic (per-e-den-drit'-ik). Surrounding a 
dentrite. 

peridental (per-e-den'-tal) [peri-; dens, a tooth]. 
Surrounding a tooth or its root; periodontal. 

periderm (per'-id-erm) [peri-; 5kpp.a, skin]. 1. The 
cuticle. 2. The Malpighian layer of the skin. 

peridermal, peridermic (per-id-er'-mal, per-id-er'- 
mik). Cuticular; pertaining to the periderm. 

peridesmitis (per-id-es-mi'-tis). Inflammation of 
the peridesmium. 



PERIDESMIUM 



PERINEOCOLPORECTOMYOMECTOMY 



peridesmium {per-e-dez' -me-um) [peri-; Se<xp.6s, 
a band]. The delicate membrane that invests a 
ligament. 

peridiastole (per-e-di-as'-to-le) [peri-; diastole]. 
The pause between the systole and diastole. 

perididymis (per-e-did' '-im-is) [peri-; SISvfios, a 
testicle]. The tunica albuginea testis. 

perididymitis (per-e-did-im-i'-tis) [perididymis ; 
ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the perididy- 
mis. 

periencephalitis (per-e-en-sef-al-i'-tis). Inflamma- 
tion of the pia mater. 

periencephalomeningitis (per-e-en-sef-al-o-men-in- 
ji'-tis). See periencephalitis. 

periendothelioma (per-e-en-do-the-le-o'-mah). A 
tumor originating in the endothelium of the lympha- 
tics and the perithelium of the blood-vessels. 

periendymal (per-e-en'-dim-al). Same as periep- 
endymal. * 

perienteric (per-e-en-ter'-ik) [peri-; ivrepov, in- 
testine]. Situated around the enteron; perivisceral. 

perienteritis (per-e-en-ter-i'-tis) [peri-; evrepov, 
intestine; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the 
intestinal peritoneum. 

perienteron (per-e-en'-ter-on) [peri-; evrepov, in- 
testine]. The primitive perivisceral cavity; the space 
between the entoderm and the ectoderm, the fore- 
runner of the schizocele or enterocele. 

periependymal {per-e-ep-en'-dim-al) [peri-; epen- 
dyma]. Situated, or occurring, outside the ependyma. 

periepithelioma (per-e-ep-e-the-le-o'-mah). A tumof 
originating in the endothelium lining the blood- 
vessels or lymphatics. 

Perier's operation (per-e-a'). For uterine inversion: 
removal of the inverted uterus by the elastic ligature. 

perieresis (per-e-er'-es-is) [irepiaipeZv, to take off]. 
A circular incision around a tumor or abscess. 

periesophageal, pericesophageal (per-e-e-so-faj'- 
e-al) [peri-; esophagus]. Situated, or occurring, just 
outside of, or around, the esophagus. 

periesophagitis, perioesophagitis (per-e-e-sof-aj-V- 
tis) [peri-; esophagus; ins, inflammation]. Inflam- 
mation of the tissues that surround the esophagus. 

perifascicular (per-e-fas-ik'-u-lar) [peri-; fasciculus, 
a fascicle]. Surrounding a fasciculus. 

perifibral, perifibrous (per-if-i'-bral, per-if-i'-brus) 
[peri-; fibra, a fiber]. Surrounding a fiber. 

perifistular (per-e-fis'-tu-lar). Around a fistula. 

perifolliculitis {per-if-ol-ik-u-li'-tis) [peri- ; folliculus, 
follicle ; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation around 
the hair-follicles. 

perif olliculosis (per-if-ol-ik-u-lo'-sis) [peri- ; folliou- 
lus, a follicle; *wos, disease]. A follicular skin- 
affection. 

perigangliitis (per-ig-ang-gle-i'-tis) [peri-; ganglion; 
ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the tissues 
surrounding a ganglion. 
< periganglionic (per-ig-ang-gle-on'-ik) [peri-; gang- 
lion]. Situated, or occurring, around a ganglion. 

perigastric (per-ig-as'-trik) [peri-; yacrrrip, stomach]. 
Surrounding or in the neighborhood of the stomach. 

perigastritis (per-e-gas-tri'-tis). Inflammation of 
the peritoneal coat of the stomach. 

perigemmal (per-e-jem'-al) [peri-; gemma, a bud]. 
Around a bulb or bulb-like structure; a mode of 
termination of certain nerve fibrils. 

periglandulitis {per-e-gland-u-li'-tis). Inflamma- 
tion of the tissues about a small gland. . 

periglottic {per-ig-lot'-ik) [peri- ; y\uaaa, the 
tongue]. Situated around the base of the tongue and 
the epiglottis. 

periglottis (per-e-glot'-is) [peri-; yXwrns, the 
tongue]. The mucous membrane or villous coating 
of the tongue. 

perignathic (per-ig-na'-thik) [peri-; yvaBos, jaw]. 
Situated about the jaw. 

perihepatic (per-e-he-pat'-ik) [peri-; tfirap, liver]. 
Surrounding, or occurring around, the liver. 

perihepatitis (per-e-hep-at-i'-tis) . Inflammation 
of the peritoneum surrounding the liver. 

periherniary, perihernious (per-e-her'-ne-a-re, -ne- 
us). Applied to tissue immediately about a hernia. 

perihysteric (per-e-his-ter'-ik) [peri-; varkpa, the 
womb]. Around the uterus; periuterine. 

perikaryon (per-e-kar'-e-on) [peri-; napvov, a nut]. 
The cytoplasm of a neuron; the cell-body of a nerve. 

perikeratic (per-ik-er-at'-ik) [peri-; Kepas, cornea]. 
Surrounding the cornea. 

perilabyrinthitis (per-e-lab-ir-inth-i'-tis). Inflam- 
mation of the part surrounding the labyrinth. 



perilaryngeal (per-e-lar-in'-je-al) [peri-; larynx]. 
Situated, or occurring, around the larynx. 

perilaryngitis (per-e-lar-in-ji'-tis) [peri-; larynx; 
ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the areolar 
tissue surrounding the larynx. 

perilymph (per'-e-limf). The fluid separating the 
membranous from the osseous labyrinth of the ear. 

perilymphangial (per-il-im-fan'-je-al) [peri-; lymph; 
&yyelov, vessel]. Situated, or occurring, around a 
lymphatic vessel. 

perilymphangitis (per-e-lim-fan-ji'-tis) [peri-; 
lymph; &yyeiov, vessel; ins, inflammation]. Inflam- 
mation of the tissues surrounding a lymphatic vessel. 

perilymphatic (per-e-lim-fat'-ik). i. Pertaining to 
the perilymph. 2. Situated or occurring about a 
lymphatic vessel. 

perimadarous (per-e-mad'-ar-us) [peri-; fiaSapos, 
bald]. Applied to a spreading ulcer with the epi- 
derm peeling off before its advance. 

perimastitis (per-e-mast-i'-tis). Inflammation of 
the connective tissue surrounding the mammary 
gland. 

perimeningitis (per-e-men-in-ji'-tis) . Inflamma- 
tion of the dura mater. 

perimeter (per-im'-et-er) [peri-; p.krpov, a measure]. 

1. Circumference or border. 2. An instrument for 
measuring the extent of the field of vision. It 
consists ordinarily of a flat, narrow, metal plate bent 
in a semicircle, graduated in degrees, and fixed to 
an upright at its center by a pivot, on which it is 
movable. Variously colored discs are moved along 
the metal plate, and the point noted at which the 
person, looking directly in front of him, distinguishes 
the color. 

perimetric (per-im-et'-rik) [peri-; p-yrpa, uterus; 
ukrpov, measure]. 1. Situated around the uterus. 

2. Pertaining to perimetry. 

perimetritic (per-im-et-rit'-ik). Pertaining to 
perimetritis. 

perimetritis (per-e-met-ri'-tis) [perimetrium; ins, 
inflammation]. Inflammation of the peritoneal 
covering of the uterus. 

perimetrium (per-e-me'-tre-um) [peri-; fi-hrpa, the 
womb]. The serous covering of the uterus. 

perimetrosalpingitis (per-e-met-ro-sal-pin-ji'-tis) . A 
collective name for periuterine inflammations. 

perimetry (per-im'-et-re) [perimeter]. The measur- 
ing of the field of vision. 

perimyelis {per-im-i' -el-is) [peri-; p.ve\6s, marrow]. 
The medullary membrane or endosteum;. the areolar 
envelope of the bone-marrow; the pia mater of the 
spinal cord. 

perimyelitis (per-e-mi-el-i'-tis). Inflammation of 
the pia mater of the spinal cord. 

perimyoendocarditis (per-e-mi-o-en-do-kar-di'-tis) . 
Combined pericarditis, myocarditis, and endo- 
carditis. 

perimysial (per-e-mis'-e-al) [peri-; juOj, muscle]. 
Of the nature of, or pertaining to, perimysium; 
enveloping a muscle. 

perimysiitis (per-im-is-e-i'-tis) [peri-; fivs, muscle; 
ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the peri- 
mysium. 

perimysium {per-e-mis'-e-um) [peri-; p.vs, muscle]. 
The connective tissue enveloping the primary 
bundles of muscle-fibers, p. externum, the epi^ 
mysium. p. internum, the endomysium. 

perinseum (per-in-e'-um). See perineum. 

perineal (per-in-e'-al) [perineum]. Pertaining to 
the perineum, p. body, the mass of tissue com- 
posed of skin, muscle, and fascia, occupying the 
interval between the vagina and the rectum of the 
woman, p. cystotomy, cystotomy performed through 
a perineal incision, p. fossa, the ischiorectal fossa. 
p. hernia, a hernia perforating the perineum by the 
side of the rectum or between the rectum and the 
bladder or the vagina, p. section, incision through 
the perineum for the relief of urethral stricture, the 
removal of calculi from the bladder, or the relief of 
other morbid conditions. 

perineauxesis (per-in-e-awks-e'-sis) [perineum; 
au^o-is, growth]. Any operation for the repair of a 
lacerated perineum. 

perineo- (per-in-e-o-) [perineum]. A prefix mean- 
ing relating to the perineum. 

perineocele (per-in-e'-o-sel) [perineo-; Kr)\rj, hernia]. 
Perineal hernia. 

perineocolporectomyomectomy (per-in-e-o-kol-po- 
rek-to-mi-o-mek'-to-me). Excision of a myoma by 
incision of the perineum, vagina, and rectum. 



PERINEOPLASTY 



669 



PERIOSTITIS 



perineoplasty (per-in-e'-o-plas-te) [perineo-; 7rXcur- 
ceiv, to form]. Plastic operation upon the perineum. 

perineorrhaphy (per-in-e-or'-a-fe) [perineo-; pa.<t>i], 
suture]. Suture of the perineum, usually for the 
repair of a laceration caused during childbirth. 

perineoscrotal (per-in-e-o-skro'-lal). Relating to 
the perineum and scrotum. 

perineosynthesis {per-in-e-o-sin'-thes-is) [perineum; 
avvBkavs, a. placing together]. A plastic operation 
upon the perineum in which a graft of vaginal mucosa 
is made to cover the wound; a variety of perineor- 
rhaphy. 

perineotomy (per-in-e-ot'-o-me) [perineo-; to/it], 
a cutting]. Incision through the perineum. 

perineovaginal (per-in-e-o-vaj'-in-al) . Relating to 
the perineum and vagina. 

perineovaginorectal (per-in-e-o-vaj-in-o-rek'-tal) . 
Relating to the perineum, vagina, and rectum. 

perinephral (per-in-ef'-ral). Same as perinephric. 

perinephrial {per-in-ef'-re-al). Pertaining to the 
perinephrium. 

perinephric (per-e-nef'-rik) [peri-; ve<j>pbs, kidney]. 
Situated or occurring around the kidney, as peri- 
nephric abscess. 

perinephritic (per-e-nef-rit'-ik) [perinephritis]. I. 
Pertaining to perinephritis. 2. Improperly used 
instead of perinephric. 

perinephritis (per-e-nef-ri'-tis). Inflammation of 
the tissues surrounding the kidney. 

perinephrium (per-e-nef'-re-um) [peri-; ve<j>pbs, kid- 
ney] . The connective and adipose tissue surrounding 
the kidney. 

perinephros (per-e-nef'-ros). See perinephrium. 

perineum, perinaeum (per-in-e'-um) [ireplvaiov, 
the perineum]. That portion of the body included 
in the outlet of the pelvis, bounded in front by the 
pubic arch, behind by the coccyx and great sacro- 
sciatic ligaments, and at the side by the tuberosities 
of the ischium. It is occupied by the terminations 
of the rectum, the urethra, and the root of the penis, 
together with their muscles, fascia?, vessels, and 
nerves. 

perineurial {per-e-nu'-re-al) [peri-; vevpov, nerve]. 
Relating to the perineurium, p. lymph-channels, 
lymph-spaces surrounding the nerve- trunks, as in 
the cornea. 

perineuritis (per-e-nu-ri'-tis) [perineurium; ins., 
inflammation]. Inflammation of the perineurium. 

perineurium (per-e-nu'-re-um) [peri-; vevpov, a 
nerve]. The connective-tissue sheath investing a 
funiculus or primary bundle of nerve-fibers. 

perinuclear (per-e-nu'-kle-ar). Surrounding the 
nucleus. 

periocular (per-e-ok'-u-lar) [peri-; oculus, eye]. 
Surrounding the eye. p. space, the space between 
the globe of the eye and the orbital walls. 

period (pe'-re-od) [peri-; 656s, way]. The space 
of time during which anything is in progress or an 
event takes place, p. childbearing, the period, from 
puberty to the menopause, during which the female 
is capable of reproducing offspring, p., dodging, 
a colloquial term for the menopause, p., incubation-. 
See incubation (2). p., menstrual, p., monthly, the 
menses, p., reaction. See reaction-period, p., res- 
piratory, the interval between two successive inspira- 
tions. 

periodic (pe-re-od'-ik). Recurring at more or less 
regular intervals. 

periodicity (pe-re-od-is'-it-e) [period]. Recurrence 
at regular intervals. 

periodocasein (pe-re-o-do-ka'-se-in) . A proprietary 
compound of iodine and casein, used in myxedema. 

periodology (pe-re-od-ol'-o-je) [period; X670S, sci- 
ence]. The sum of what is known concerning the 
tendency of certain diseases and morbid phenomena 
to recur at stated periods. 

periodontal (per-e-o-don'-lal) [peri-; bSovs, tooth]. 
Surrounding a tooth, as the periodontal membrane, 
that lining the cement of a tooth. 

periodontitis {per-e-o-don-W -tis) [periodontium ; 
ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the perio- 
dontal membrane. 

periodontium (per-e-o-don'-she-um) [peri-; 65o6s, 
tooth]. The membrane surrounding a tooth; 
the periodontal membrane. 

periodoscope (pe-re-od'-o-skop) [period; aicoweiv, 
to inspect]. A calendar in the form of a movable 
dial, used in determining the probable date of 
confinement. 

periods (pe'-re-ods). The menses. 



periodynia {per-e-o-din'-e-ah) [peri-; bSvvr), pain]. 
Severe general pain throughout the body. 

perioesophagitis {per-e-e-sof-aj-i'-tis). See Peri- 
esophagitis. . . 

periomphacous (per-e-om'-fak-us) [peri-; bfj.<pa- 
kuStjs, like unripe grapes]. Immature, unripe; ap- 
plied to abscesses. 

perion (per'-e-on) [peri-; aibv, egg]. The decidua. 

perionychia (per-e-o-nik'-e-ah) [peri-; 5w£, nail]. 
Inflammation around the nails. 

perionychium (per-e-on-ik'-e-um) [peri-; ow£, nail]. 
The border of epiderm at the root of the nail. 

perionyxis (per-e-o-niks' -is) . Synonym of peri- 
onychia. 

peri-oophoritis (per-e-o-of-or-i'-tis) [peri- ; oophoron ; 
ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the perito- 
neum and connective tissue covering the ovary. 

peri-oophorosalpingitis (per-e-o-of-or-o-sal-pin-ji'- 
tis) [peri-; oophoron; salpinx; ins, inflammation]. 
Inflammation of the tissues surrounding the ovary 
and oviduct. 

periophthalmic (per-e-off-thal'-mik). Around the 
eye. 

periophthalmitis (per-e-off-thal-mi'-tis) [peri-; 64>6a\- 
p.6s, eye; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the 
tissues surrounding the eye. 

periople (per-e-op'-le) [peri-; birk-h, a hoof]. The 
bands of horny matter which run obliquely inward 
from the heel of a horse's foot, including the frog 
between them. Syn., bar; coronary frog band; 
perioplic band. 

perioptic (per-e-op'-tik) [peri-; otttlkos, seeing]. 
1. Surrounding the orbit, or the eye. 2. Of, or 
pertaining to, the tissues about the eye. 

perioptometry (per-e-op-tom'-et-re) [peri-; 6ttt6s, 
visible; nerpov, a measure]. The measurement of 
the limits of the visual field. 

perioral (per-e-o'-ral) [peri-; os, oris, the mouth]. 
Surrounding the mouth; circumoral. 

periorbita {per-e-or'-bit-ah) [peri-; orbita, orbit]. 
The periosteum of the eye-socket. 

periorbital (per-e-or'-bit-al). 1. Surrounding the 
orbit. 2. Pertaining to the periorbita. 

periorbititis (per-e-or-bit-i'-tis) [peri-; orbita, orbit; 
ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the periorbita. 

periorchitis (per-e-or-ki'-tis). Inflammation of the 
tissues surrounding the testicle, p. adhsesiva, a 
form in which adhesions are formed between the two 
layers of the tunica vaginalis, p. prolifera, peri- 
orchitis associated with proliferation of the connec- 
tive-tissue elements of the tunica albuginea. 

periost (per'-e-ost). Same as periosteum. 

periosteal (per-e-os'-te-al) [periosteum]. Pertaining 
to the periosteum. 

periosteitis (per-e-os-te-i'-tis). See periostitis. 

periosteoma (per-e-os-te-o'-mah) [peri- ; bo-reov, bone ; 
5p.a, tumor]. An osteoma developed from the peri- 
osteum. 

periosteomedullitis, periostomedullitis. See peri- 
osteo-osteomyelitis. 

periosteo-osteomyelitis (per-e-ost-e-o-os-te-o-mi-el- 
i'-tis) [periosteum; osteomyelitis]. Inflammation of 
the periosteum and medulla of a bone. 

periosteophyma (per-e-os-te-o-fi'-mah) [peri-; bareov, 
bone; <j>vp,a, growth]. Swelling of the periosteum; 
also, a periosteophyte. 

periosteophyte (per-e-os'-te-o-fit) [peri-; barkov, 
bone; <j>vtov, growth]. A morbid osseous formation 
upon or proceeding from the periosteum. 

periosteosis (per-e-os-te-o'-sis). 1. Synonym of 
periostosis. 2. See periosteoma. 3. The formation 
of a tumor of the periosteum. 

periosteosteitis, periostitis (per-e-ost-e-os-te-i'-tis, 
per-e-ost-i'-tis). Simultaneous periostitis and osteitis; 

periosteotome (per-e-os'-te-o-tom) [periosteum; tout), 
a cutting]. An instrument for incising the periosteum 
and scraping it from the bone. 

periosteotomy (per-e-os-te-ot'-o-me) [see periosteo- 
tome]. The operation of incising the periosteum. 

periosteous (per-e-os'-te-us). Same as periosteal. 

periosteum (per-e-os'-te-um) [peri~; bareov, bone]. 
A fibrous membrane investing the surfaces of bones, 
except at the points of tendinous and ligamentous 
attachment and on the articular surfaces, where 
cartilage is substituted. 

periostitic (per-e-os-tit'-ik) [peri-; barkov, bone; 
ins, inflammation]. Pertaining to, resembling, or 
affected with, periostitis. 

periostitis (per-e-os-ti'-tis) [periosteum; iris, in- 
flammation]. Inflammation of the periosteum. It 



PERIOSTOMA 



670 



PERISTAPHYLITIS 



may be acute or chronic, the latter being the more 
frequent form. Acute periostitis is either traumatic 
or the result of infection; the chronic is due to 
traumatism, syphilis, tuberculosis, or actinomycosis. 
In the acute there are swelling and diffuse suppura- 
tion, with fever and other constitutional symptoms; 
in the chronic, pain, which is usually worse at night, 
swelling, and tenderness, p. albuminosa, a mild 
form of inflammation characterized by the forma- 
tion of a clear, ropy, albuminous liquid resembling 
synovia. It is most common in the young, and is 
unaccompanied by fever, p., dental, inflammation 
of the investing membrane of the roots of the teeth. 
p., diffuse, a serious inflammation usually involving 
the periosteum of long bones, p., hemorrhagic, 
that accompanied by bleeding between the peri- 
osteum and the bone. 

periostoma (per-e-os-to'-mah) [peri-; barkov, bone; 
5fia, tumor]. Any morbid osseous growth occurring 
on or surrounding a bone. 

periostosis (per-e-os-to'-sis) [peri-; barkov, bone]. 
An osseous formation on the exterior of a bone. 

periostotomy (per-e-os-tot'-o-me). Synonym of 
periosteotomy. 

periotic (per-e-o'-tik) [peri-; ovs, ear], i. Situated 
about the ear. 2. Of or pertaining to the parts 
immediately about the internal ear. 3. The petrous 
and mastoid parts of the temporal bone. 

periovaritis (per-e-o-var-i'-tis). See perioophoritis. 

periovular (per-e-o'-vii-lar) [peri-; ovum, egg]. 
Surrounding the ovum. 

peripachymeningitis (per-e-pak-e-men-in-ji'-tis) 

[peri-; pachymeningitis]. Inflammation of the 
connective tissue between the dura mater and the 
bone. 

peripancreatitis (per-e-pan-kre-at-i'-tis). Inflam- 
mation of the tissues about the pancreas. 

peripapillary (per-ip-ap'-il-a-re) [peri-; papilla, a 
papilla]. Occurring or situated around the circum- 
ference of a papilla, and especially of the optic disc. 

peripatetic (per-ip-at-et'-ik) [peri-; irareiv, to walk]. 
Walking about, as in "walking typhoid." 

peripenial (per-ip-e'-ne-al) [peri-; penis]. Sur- 
rounding the penis. 

periphacitis (per-if-a-si'-tis). Inflammation of the 
periphacus. 

periphacus (per-if-a'-kus) [peri-; <paic6s, crystalline 
lens]. The capsule surrounding the crystalline lens. 

peripharyngeal (per-if-ar-in'-je-al) [peri-; <j>apvy£, 
the throat]. Surrounding the pharynx. 

peripherad (per-if-er-ad) [periphery; ad, toward]. 
Toward the periphery. 

peripheral, peripheric (per-if-er-al, per-if-er'-ik) 
[periphery]. Pertaining to or placed near the 
periphery. 

peripheraphose (per-if'-er-a-foz). See under phose. 

peripheric {per-if-er'-ik). Synonym of peripheral. 

peripherocentral (per-if-er-o-sen'-tral). Relating 
to the center and periphery. 

peripherophose (per-if'-er-o-foz). See under phose. 

periphery (per-if'-er-e) [peri-; <pkpeiv, to carry]. 
Circumference; the external surface. 

periphlebitic (per-if-leb-it'-ik). Pertaining to, 
affected with, or of the nature of, periphlebitis. 

periphlebitis (per-if-leb-i'-tis). Inflammation of 
the tissues about a vein. 

periplasm {per' -ip-lazm) [peri-; ir\a<rp.a, anything 
formed]. A delicate hyaline layer around animal 
cells. 

periplast (per'-ip-last) [peri-; irXaao-etv, to mold, 
form]. 1. The periblast or matrix of a part or 
organ. 2. The intercellular substance, or stroma. 
3. The attraction-sphere, p., daughter, the centro- 
some. 

periplastic (per-ip-las'-tik). 1. Of or pertaining 
to or resembling the matrix or periplast of a part or 
organ. 2. The cell-substance about the nucleus or 
endoplast; perinuclear protoplasm. 

peripleuritis (per-e-ploo-ri'-tis). Inflammation of 
the tissues surrounding the pleura. 

Periploca (per-ip'-lo-kah) [peri-; irXkneiv, to twine]. 
A genus of plants of the order Asclepiadece. P. 
grceca is a European species naturalized in western 
New York. The leaves are used as an emollient; 
the milky juice has been used to poison animals; 
the bark contains a glucoside, periplocin. 

periplocin (per-ip'-lo-sin), C3oH4sOi2. A crystalline 
glucoside from the bark of Periploca grceca. It is a 
powerful cardiac poison used subcutaneously in 
heart disease. Maximum daily dose & gr. (0.00 1 Gm.) . 



peripneumonia (per-e-nii-mo'-ne-ah). 1. Pneu- 
monia. 2. Pleuropneumonia, p. notha, the false 
pneumonia of the older writers; congestion of the 
lungs. 

peripolar (per-e-po'-lar) [peri-; pole]. Surrounding 
a pole or the poles. 

periportal (per-e-por'-tal) [peri-; porta, door]. 
Surrounding the portal vein. p. carcinoma, a pri- 
mary carcinoma developing around the portal vein,, 
beginning at its entrance into the liver, thence,, 
extending along the portal vessels to the remote 
branches. 

periproctal, periproctic (per-ip-rok'-tal, per-ip-rok'- 
tik) [peri-; irpawcTos, anus]. Surrounding the anus, 
or rectum. 

periproctitis (per-e-prok-ti'-tis). Inflammation of 
the areolar tissue about the rectum or anus. 

periprostatic (per-ip-ros-tat'-ik) [peri-; prostate]. 
Situated or occurring around the prostate. 

periprostatitis (per-ip-ros-tat-i'-tis) [peri-; prostate r 
ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the tissues- 
situated around the prostate. 

peripyemia (per-ip-i-e'-me-ah) [peri-; pyemia]. 
Suppuration about an organ or tissue. 

peripylephlebitis (per-ip-i-le-fieb-i'-tis) [peri-; 11-11X77,. 
gate, porta; phlebitis]. Inflammation of the tissues- 
surrounding the portal vein, or of its ectal coat. 

perirectal (per-e-rek'-tal) [peri-; rectum]. About 
the rectum. » 

perirectitis (per-e-rek-ti'-tis). See periproctitis. 

perirenal (per-e-re'-nal) [peri-; ren, kidney]. 
Around the kidney. 

perirhinal (per-ir-i'-nal) [peri-; pis, nose]. Situ- 
ated about the nose or nasal fossa?. 

perisalpingitis (per-e-sal-pin-ji'-tis). Inflammation 
of the peritoneal covering of the Fallopian tube. 

perisalpingo-ovaritis (per-e-sal-pin-go-o-va-ri'-tis) .. 
See perioophorosalpingitis. 

perisalpinx (per-is-al'-pingks) [peri-; vaKin^,. 
tube]. The peritoneum covering the upper border 
of the Fallopian tube. 

periscelis (per-is'-kel-is) [peri-; axeXos, leg]. Her- 
pes occurring around the leg where the garter binds it. 

periscleritis {per-e-skle-ri'-tis). See episcleritis. 

periscopic (per-e-skop'-ik) [peri-; o-ko-kHv, to see]. 
Designed for looking around, as a periscopic lens.. 
See lens, periscopic. 

perisigmoiditis (per-is-ig-moi-di'-tis) [peri-; sig- 
moid; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the 
tissues, especially the peritoneum, covering the 
sigmoid flexure of the colon. 

perisinal, perisinous, perisinuous {per-e-si'-nal^ 
-nus, -sin'-u-us). Surrounding a sinus. 

perisinuitis, perisinusitis (per-e-si-nu-i'-tis, -si'-tis)^ 
Inflammation of the tissue about a sinus, especially- 
a cerebral sinus. 

perispermatitis (per-is-per-mat-i'-tis). Inflamma- 
tion around the spermatic cord, with an effusion of 
fluid ; a funicular hydrocele. 

perisplenic (per-is-plen'-ik) [peri-; spleen]. Situ- 
ated or occurring near the spleen. 

perisplenitis (per-e-splen-i'-tis). Inflammation of 
the peritoneal coat of the spleen. 

perispondylitis (per-e-spon-dil-i'-tis) . Inflamma- 
tion of the tissues around a vertebra, p., Gibney's,. 
a painful condition of the muscles of the spine. 

perissad (per'-is-ad) [irepi<ra6s, odd]. 1. Having 
an uneven quantivalence, as nitrogen, the quanti- 
valence of which is three or five. 2. An element 
having such a quantivalence. 

peristalsis (per-e-stal'-sis) [peri-; (rr&X<m, con- 
striction]. A peculiar wave-like movement seen in* 
tubes provided with longitudinal and transverse 
muscular fibers. It consists in a narrowing and short- 
ening of a portion of the tube, which then relaxes,, 
while a lower portion becomes shortened and nar- 
rowed. By means of this movement the contents 
of this tube are forced toward the opening, p.,. 
reversed, peristaltic movement opposite to the 
normal direction. 

peristaltic (per-e-stal'-tik) [peristalsis]. Pertaining 
to or resembling peristalsis, p. unrest, a common 
symptom of neurasthenia, consisting in increased 
peristaltic movements of the stomach coming on 
shortly after eating, with borborygmus and gurgling. 

peristaltin (per-e-staV -tin) . A glucoside, readily 
soluble in water, derived from Rhamnus purshiana. 

peristaphyline (per-e-staf'-il-in) [peri-; o-ra<f>vK-n,. 
uvula]. Situated near the uvula. 

peristaphylitis (per-e-staf-il-i'-tis) [peri-; aTa<j>v\ri,. 



PERISTERNA 



671 



PERMANENT 



uvula; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the 
tissues surrounding the uvula. 

peristema (per-e-ster'-nah) [Peri-; sternum]. A 
name for the lateral portions of the chest. 

peristole (per-is'-to-le). Peristalsis. 

peristoma (per-is-to'-mah). See peristome. 

peristomal (per-is-to'-mal) [peri-; orbtia, mouth]. 
Surrounding the mouth. 

peristome (per'-is-tom) [peri-; o-rojua, the mouth]. 
In biology: (a) the parietal region surrounding the 
mouth, as the oral disc of a polyp; (b) the fringe of 
hair-like appendages about the orifice of a moss 
capsule. 

peristroma (per-e-stro'-mah) [peri-; <rrp«/ia, cover- 
ing]. The internal layer of a tube-like covering. 
The villous coat of the intestine. 

perisynovial (per-is-i-no'-ve-al) [peri-; synovial]. 
Situated or occurring around a synovial membrane. 

perisystole (per-e-sis'-to-le). The slight interval 
between the diastole and systole. 

peritendineum (per-e-ten-din'-e-um) [peri-; tendo, 
tendon]. The tissue surrounding the tendons like a 
sheath. 

perithelial (per-e-the'-le-al). Relating to the 
perithelium. 

perithelioma (per-e-the-le-o'-mah). A tumor origi- 
nating in the perithelium of a vessel. 

perithelium (per-e-tke'-le-um) [peri-; BrfK-rj, nipple]. 
The layer of cells surrounding the capillaries and 
smaller vessels. 

perithoracic (per-e-tho-ras'-ik) [peri-; thorax]. 
Situated or occurring around the thorax. 

perithyroiditis (per-e-thi-roid-i'-tis) [peri-; thyroid; 
ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the capsule of 
the thyroid gland. 

peritome (per-it'-om-e) [peri-; rofxri, a cutting]. 
Circumcision. 

peritomy (per-it'-om-e) [see peritome]. i. The 
removal of a strip of conjunctival and subconjunctival 
tissue from about the cornea for the relief of pannus. 
2. Circumcision. 

peritonaeum (per-it-on-e'-um). See peritoneum. 

peritoneal (per-it-on-e'-al) [peritoneum]. Pertaining 
to the peritoneum. 

peritonealgia (per-it-on-e-al'-je-ah) [peritoneum ; 
&\yos, pain]. Neuralgia of the peritoneum. 

peritoneopexy (per-it-on-e-o-peks'-e) [peritoneum ; 
irrjlts, a fixing in]. Fixation of the uterus by the 
vaginal route in the treatment of retroflexions of 
this organ. 

peritoneorrhexis (per-it-on-e-or-eks'-is) [peritoneum ; 
pvfc, rupture]. Rupture of the peritoneum. 

peritoneotomy (per-it-on-e-ot'-o-me) [peritoneum ; 
TOfirj, a cutting]. Incision into the peritoneum. 

peritoneum (per-it-on-e'-um) [peri-; Tdvtiv, to 
stretch]. The serous membrane lining the interior 
of the abdominal cavity and surrounding the con- 
tained viscera. 

peritonism (per'-it-on-izm). i. A false peritonitis 
soon yielding to treatment. 2. A complex of serious 
phenomena complicating peritonitis or diseases of 
those parts covered by peritoneum. 

peritonitic (per-it-on-it'-ik) [peritoneum; ins, in- 
flammation]. Pertaining to or affected with peri- 
tonitis. 

peritonitis (per-it-on-i'-tis) [peritoneum; ins, in- 
flammation]. Inflammation of the peritoneum. 
It may be acute or chronic. Acute peritonitis may 
be due to exposure to cold and wet (idiopathic peri- 
tonitis), traumatism, perforation of an abdominal 
viscus, extension from neighboring parts, rheumatism, 
or Bright's disease. The symptoms are moderate 
fever, a wiry pulse, abdominal pain, tenderness, and 
distention; the patient lies on his back with the 
thighs flexed; there are vomiting and constipation. 
Chronic peritonitis is due to tuberculosis, syphilis, 
carcinoma, nephritis, or it may be the sequel of an 
acute attack, p., adhesive, peritonitis with adhesion 
between the parietal and visceral layers, p., diffuse, 
that affecting the entire peritoneum, p., parietal, 
inflammation of the serous lining of the peritoneal 
cavity, p., permeation, that produced by the 
penetration of the healthy intestinal wall by bacteria. 
p., puerperal, that following labor, and usually due 
to septic infection, p., septic, peritonitis due to the 
microorganisms of suppuration. p., serous, p. 
serosa, that accompanied by liquid exudation, p., 
tuberculous, that due to the deposit of miliary 
tubercles upon the peritoneum. 



peritonsillar (per-e-ton' -sil-ar) [peri-; tonsil]. About 
the tonsil. 

peritonsillitis (per-e-ton-sil-i'-tis) [peri-; tonsilla, 
tonsil; wis, inflammation]. Inflammation of the 
tissues surrounding the tonsil. 

peritracheal (per-it-ra'-ke-al) [peri-; trachea]. Sur- 
rounding the trachea. 

peritracheitis (per-it-ra-ke-i'-tis) [peri-; trachea; 
ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the connective 
tissue about the trachea. 

Peritricha (per-W -rik-ah) [peri-; 6pU-, hair]. A 
group of bacteria having flagella projecting from the 
sides as well as the poles. 

peritrichous (per-it'-rik-us) [peri-; 0pi£, a hair]. 
Having a band of cilia or flagella around the body. 

peritrochanteric (per-e-tro-kan-ter'-ik). Situated 
about a trochanter. 

perityphlitic (per-e-tif-lit'-ik) [peri-; tv<p\6s, cecum; 
ins, inflammation]. Of the nature of or affected with 
perityphilitis. 

perityphlitis (per-e-tif-li'-tis). Inflammation of the 
peritoneum surrounding the cecum and appendix. 

periumbilical (per-e-um-bil'-ik-al). Surrounding 
the umbilicus. 

periungual (per-e-ung'-wal) [peri-; unguis, a nail]. 
Around the nail. 

periureteric (per-e-u-re-ter'-ik) [peri-; ureter]. 
Surrounding one or both ureters. 

periureteritis (per-e-u-re-ter-i'-tis). Inflammation 
of the tissues around a ureter. 

periurethral (per-e-u-re'-thral). Surrounding the 
urethra. 

periurethritis (per-e-u-re-thri'-tis) [peri-; urethra; 
ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the connective 
tissue about the urethra. 

periuterine (per-e-u' -ter-in) [peri-; uterus]. About 
the uterus. 

perivaginal (per-e-vaj'-in-al) . Around or about the 
vagina. 

perivaginitis (per-e-vaj-in-i'-tis). Synonym of 
paracolpitis. 

perivascular (per-e-vas'-ku-lar). About a vessel. 

perivasculitis (per-iv-as-ku-li'-tis) [peri-; vasculum, 
vessel; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the 
vessel-walls, or of the perivascular sheaths. 

perivenous (per-iv-e'-nus) [peri-; vena, vein]. In- 
vesting or surrounding a vein; occurring around a 
vein. 

perivertebral (per-e-ver'-te-bral). Surrounding a 
vertebra. 

perivesical (per-iv-es'-ik-al) [peri-; vesica, bladder]. 
Situated about or surrounding the bladder. 

perivisceral (per-iv-is'-er-al) [peri-; viscus, viscus]. 
Surrounding a viscus or viscera; occurring about a 
viscus. 

perivitelline (per-iv-it'-el-in) [peri-; vitellus, yolk]. 
Surrounding the vitellus or yolk. p. space, the 
space between the zona pellucida and the vitellus. 

perixenitis (per-e-zen-i'-tis) [peru; £kvos, a stranger; 
ins, inflammation]. Inflammation around a foreign 
body embedded in the tissues. 

perizoma (per-iz-o'-mah) [peri-; fw/*a, girdle], i. 
A girdle, q.v.; also, a truss. 2. Herpes zoster. 

Perkinism (per' -kin-ism). A method of empirical 
treatment devised by Elisha Perkins, an American 
physician [1740-1810]. It consisted in drawing 
over the affected part the extremities of two rods 
(metallic tractors) of different metals. Syn., trac- 
toration. 

perle (perl) [Ft. and Ger., "a pearl"; pi., perles]. 
A capsule for administration of medicine. See pearl. 
p.s, Laennec's. See under Laennec. 

perleche (la) (lah pehr-lash) [Fr.]. A peculiar 
contagious disease of the mouth occurring in children. 
It consists in a thickening and desquamation of the 
epithelium at the angles of the mouth, with occa- 
sionally the formation of small fissures, giving rise to 
a smarting sensation in the lips. The disease is prob- 
ably microbic in origin. 

Perles' anemia-bodies (perlz) [Max Perles, Ger- 
man pathologist, 1843-1881]. Small club-shaped, 
actively motile bodies, 3~4m in length, found by 
Perles in the blood in some cases of pernicious anemia. 

Perlia's nucleus (per'-le-ah) [Richard Perlia, Ger- 
man ophthalmologist]. See Spitzka's nucleus. 

perlsucht (pairl'-zoocht). A form of tuberculosis 
of the pleura or peritoneum seen in cattle. 

permanent (per' -man-ent) [per, through; manere, to 
remain]. Lasting; fixed; enduring, p. teeth, the 
teeth of the second dentition. 



PERMANGANATE 



672 



PERU, BALSAM OF 



permanganate (per-man'-gan-at). A salt of per- 
manganic acid. See manganese. 

permanganic acid {per-man-gan'-ik), HMn04. A 
monobasic acid known chiefly in its salts. 

permeable (per' -me-a-bl) [per, through; meare, to 
pass]. Capable of affording passage, p. stricture, a 
stricture that permits the passage of an instrument. 

permeation (per-me-a' -shun) [permeate, to pass 
through). The extension of cytomata by continuous 
growth along natural channels. 

permixion (per-mik'-shuri) [permiscere, to mingle]. 
A perfect chemical mixture. 

pernambuco wood. The wood of Ccesalpinia 
echinata. It is used as an astringent and roborant, 
and contains brasilin, a coloring-matter. 

pernicious (per-nish'-us) [perniciosus, destructive]. 
Highly destructive; of intense severity; deadly; 
fatal, p. anemia, a disease of the blood character- 
ized by a great diminution in the number of red cor- 
puscles, and a relatively smaller diminution of the 
hemoglobin, by the presence in the blood of poikil- 
ocytes, macrocytes, microcytes, and nucleated red 
corpuscles. The disease most common in middle 
life is usually fatal, although recoveries are reported 
in several instances, p. malaria. See under malar- 
ial fever, p. vomiting, persistent, uncontrollable 
vomiting occurring in pregnancy. 

pernio (per'-ne-o) [L.]. Synonym of chilblain. 

pernoctation (per-nok-ta'-shun) [pernoctatio, wake- 
fulness]. Wakefulness; insomnia. 

pero (pe'-ro) [pero, boot]. The soft ectal layer of 
the olfactory bulb whence the olfactory nerves arise. 

perobrachius (pe-ro-bra'-ke-us) [irrjpbs, maimed; 
Ppaxiw, arm]. A developmental defect in which 
the forearms and hands are malformed or wanting. 

perocephalus (pe-ro-sef -al-us) [irrjpbs, maimed; 
Ke<pa\-f], head]. A monster with an abnormality of 
the conformation of the head. 

perochirus, perocheirus (pe-ro-ki'-rus) [ir-qpos, 
maimed; x«P> hand]. A defect in the development 
consisting in absence or stunted growth of the hand. 

perocormus {pe-ro-kor'-mus) [irt)pbs, maimed; kophos, 
trunk]. A monster characterized by defective de- 
velopment of the trunk. 

perodactylia (pe-ro-dak-til'-e-ah) [irrjpbs, maimed; 
8oktv\os, finger]. Defective development of the fin- 
gers or toes. 

perodynia (pe-ro-din' '-e-ah) [irvpa, pouch; bbvvt), 
pain]. Cardialgia. 

peromelia (pe-ro-me'-le-ah) [wripbs, maimed; fie\os, 
limb]. Teratic malformation of the limbs. 

peromelus (pe-rom'-el-us) [irrjpbs, maimed; fiehos, 
limb]. A monster with deficient, stunted, or mis- 
shapen limbs. 

peromoplasty (pe-rom' -o-plas-te) [irrjpwua, a rtiaim- 
ing; ir\a<r<reiv, to form]. The formation of a new 
stump after an amputation when the end of a bone 
projects. 

peronseus (per-o-ne'-us) . Same as peroneus. 

peronarthrosis (per-on-ar-thro'-sis) [irepovq, pin; 
apdpov, joint]. A saddle-joint; a joint in which the 
articular surfaces are both concave and convex, as 
in the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb. 

perone (per'-o-ne) [irtpovyj, pin]. The fibula. 

peroneal (per-o-ne'-al) [perone]. Pertaining to the 
fibula. 

peroneo- (per-o-ne'-o-) [perone], A prefix denoting 
connection with or relation to the fibula. 

peroneum (per-o-ne'-um). Synonym of perone. 

peroneus (per-o-ne'-us) [see perone]. Pertaining to 
the fibula, p. muscles. See under muscle. 

peronia (pe-ro'-ne-ah) [wripow, to maim]. Muti- 
lation; malformation. 

peronin (per-o'-nin), C24H25NO3 . HC1. Benzyl- 
morphine hydrochloride; a substitution-product of 
morphine possessing feeble narcotic properties, but 
useful as a somnifacient and in allaying cough. Dose 
§-i£ gr. (0.04-0.1 Gm.); maximum daily dose 6 gr. 
(0.3 Gm.). 

Peronospora (per-o-nos'-po-rah) [Trepbvri, a pin; 
airbpos, spore]. A genus of fungi producing mildew. 
P. ferrani is a species that was supposed to cause 
cholera; P. lutea, one that was once held to be the 
cause of yellow fever. 

peroplasia (pe-ro-pla'-ze-ah) [irrjpbs, maimed; 
Tr\a<T<Teu>, to mold]. A malformation due to an error 
of development. 

peropus (pe'-ro-pus) [wnpfc, maimed; irovs, foot]. 
A developmental defect in which the feet are mal- 
formed. 



per os [L.]. By way of, or through the mouth. 

perosis (pe-ro'-sis) [irnpbs, maimed]. The condi- 
tion of abnormal or defective formation. 

perosomus (pe-ro-so'-mus) [iri)pbs, maimed; au>/xa, 
body]. A monster presenting malformation of the 
entire body. 

perosplanchnica (pe-ro-splank'-nik-ah) Wvpos, 
maimed; 0-7r\d7xiw, viscus]. Malformation of the 
viscera. 

perosseous (per-os'-e-us) [per, through; os, bone]. 
Through bone. 

peroxidate, peroxidize (per-oks'-id-at, per-oks'-id- 
Iz) [peroxide]. To oxidize completely. 

peroxide, peroxid (per-oks'-id) [per, through; 
oxide]. That oxide of any base which contains the 
most oxygen. 

peroxoi (pur-oks'-ol). A combination of 3% so- 
lution of hydrogen peroxide with camphor (cam- 
phoroxol), menthol (menthoxol) or naphthol (naph- 
thoxol). 

peroxydase (pur-oks'-e-das). An enzyme found in 
tobacco; it is capable of producing all the phenomena 
of fermentation. Cf . oxydases. 

perpendicular (per-pen-dik'-u-lar) [perpendicular- 
is, vertical]. A term applied to a line of plane, form- 
ing a right angle with another line or plane, p. plate, 
the mesal vertical plate of the ethmoid bone. 

perplication (per-plik-a'-shun) [per, through; pli- 
care, to fold]. The operation of turning an incised 
vessel upon itself by drawing its end through an 
incision in its own wall. 

perpoena (per-pe'-nah). A proprietary analgesic 
said to be a coal-tar derivative. Dose 5-8 gr. 
(0.3-0.5 Gm.). 

per rectum (per rek'-tum) [L.]. By or through the 
rectum. 

perseveration (per-sev-er-a'-shun) [perseverare, to 
persist]. A senseless repetition of plainly spoken 
words or of imperfect speech. 

persimmon (per-sim'-on) [Amer. Ind.]. The tree 
Diospyros virginiana, also its fruit, edible when fully 
ripe, but otherwise highly astringent; it is useful in 
diarrheas. From the fruit a beer is made, and whis- 
key is distilled. 

persistence-time. The period succeeding the con- 
traction of the ventricle of the heart, but prior to the 
occurrence of relaxation. 

persodine (per'-so-den). The proprietary name for 
a solution of 2 parts of sodium persulphate in 300 
parts of water. 

personal (per'-son-al) [persona, a person]. Per- 
taining to a person, p. equation, the peculiar dif- 
ference of individuals in their reaction to various 
orders of stimuli. 

perspiration (per-spir-a' -shun) [perspire]. I. The 
secretion of sweat. 2. The sweat, p., insensible, 
that which takes place constantly, the fluid being 
evaporated as fast as excreted, p., sensible, that 
accumulating in visible drops or beads; the sweat. 

perspire (per-spir') [perspirare, to breathe every- 
where]. To sweat. 

perstriction (per-strik'-shun) [per, through; string- 
ere, to bind]. The arrest of hemorrhage by ligating 
the bleeding vessel. 

persulphate (per-sul'-fat). The sulphate which 
contains a greater proportion of the sulphuric acid 
radical than the other sulphates of the same radical. 

persulphide (per-sul'-fid). The compound of sul- 
phur with an element or radical which contains more 
sulphur than the other compounds of sulphur with 
the same element or radical. 

Pertik's diverticulum (per'-tik) [Otto Pertik, 
Hungarian pathologist, 1852- .]. A diverticulum 
of the nasopharyngeal space which may occur close 
to Rosenmueller's fossa and show itself as an enlarge- 
ment of the latter. 

per tubam (per tic' -bam) [L.]. Through a tube. 

perturbation (per-ter-ba' -shun) [perturbare, to dis- 
turb]. Restlessness or disquietude. The employ- 
ment of means that arrest or modify the development 
of a morbid state. 

pertussal (per-tus'-al) [per, intensive; tussis, a 
cough]. Pertaining to or of the nature of whooping- 
cough. 

pertussin (per-tus'-in). A proprietary remedy for 
whooping-cough said to consist of the fluidextract of 
thyme mixed with syrup to procure an infusion in 
the strength of 1 : 7. 

pertussis (per-tus'-is). See -whooping-cough. 

Peru, balsam of. See balsam. 



PERUCOGNAC 



673 



PETROSAPOL 



perucognac (pe-roo-kon'-yak). A preparation em- 
ployed in tuberculosis said to consist of the active 
principle of balsam of Peru, 25 gr.; cinnamic acid, 
10%, in a liter of cognac. 

peruol (pe'-roo-ol). A mixture of peruscabin and 
castor-oil. It is used in scabies. 

peruscabin (pe-roo-ska'-bin). Synthetic benzoic- 
acid benzylester. It is used in scabies. 

Peruvian (pe-roo'-ve-an) [Peru]. Pertaining to Peru. 
P. bark. See cinchona. P. wart. See verruga per- 
uana. 

peruvin (pe-roo'-vin) [Peru]. The name given to 
the cinnamic alcohol derived from balsam of Peru. 

perversion (per-ver'-shun) [per, through; verier e, to 
turn]. The state of being turned away from the 
normal course, as in the modifications of function in 
disease, p., sexual, abnormality of the sexual in- 
stinct; desire for unnatural methods of sexual grati- 
fication. 

pervert {per' -vert) [per, through; vertere, to turn]. 
One who has turned from the right way. p., sexual, 
a person whose sexual instincts are perverted. 

pervigilium (per-vij-il'-e-um) [per, through; vigilium, 
a watch]. Insomnia; wakefulness. 

pervious (per'-ve-us) [per, through; via, way]. 
Open; permeable. 

pes (pez) [L.]. A foot or foot-like structure, p. 
accessorius, the eminentia collateralis, a smooth 
white eminence in the brain, situated at the junction 
of the posterior and descending cornua of the lateral 
ventricle, p. anserinus, goose's foot; the radiate 
branching of the facial nerve after its exit at the side 
of the face. p. calcaneovalgus, talipes calcaneoval- 
gus. p. calcaneus, talipes, p. cavus, p. excavatus, 
talipes cavus. p. equinus, talipes equinus. pes 
gigas, macropodia. p. hippocampi, the lower portion 
of the hippocampus major, p. olfactorius, the inner 
root of the olfactory lobe. p. varus, talipes varus. 

pessary (pes'-ar-e) [ireaaos, an oval-shaped stone]. 
1. An instrument placed in the vagina to hold the 
uterus in position. 2. A vaginal suppository. 

pessima {pes' -im-ah) [L.]. A skin-affection char- 
acterized by pustular lesions, hard and yellowish and 
surrounded by areola? of inflammation, appearing 
over the whole surface of the body. 

pessulum, pessum (pes'-u-lum, pes' -sum) . A pessary. 

pest [pestis, a pest]. A plague; pestilence, p.- 
house, a hospital for persons sick with pestilential 



pestiferous (pes-tif'-er-us) [pestis, pest; ferre, to 
bear]. Causing pestilence. 

pestilence (pes' -til-ens) [pest]. Any deadly epi- 
demic disease, especially the plague. 

pestilential (pes-til-en'-shal) [pestilence]. Having 
the nature of or producing a pestilence. 

pestis (pes'-tis) [L.]. A plague, p. americana, 
yellow fever, p. bubonica, p. inguinaria, p. orieri- 
talis, the plague, p. minor, an oriental disease resem- 
bling the plague but not necessarily fatal. It is be- 
lieved to have been a mild or modified form of bubonic 
plague, p. variolosa. Synonym of variola. 

pestle (pes' -I) [pistillum, a pounder]. The instru- 
ment with which substances are rubbed in a mortar. 

petalobacteria (pet-al-o-bak-te'-re-ah) [irkra\ov, leaf; 
bacterium]. Bacteria in the zooglea stage. 

petanelle (pet'-an-el). A patented preparation of 
fibrous peat used as an absorbent. 

petechia (pet-e'-ke-ah) [It., peteche, a flea-bite: pi., 
petechia]. A small spot beneath the epidermis, due 
to an effusion of blood. 

petechial (pet-e'-ke-al) [petechia]. Characterized 
by or of the nature of petechia?, p. fever. (1) typhus 
fever, (2) cerebrospinal meningitis. 

Peter's law. Atheromatous changes in blood-ves- 
sels are most likely to occur where there are angles 
and projections. 

petiolus (pet-i'-o-lus) [petiolus, a stem or stalk of 
fruit; pi., petioli]. 1. In biology, a stem, stalk, or pet- 
iole; as the petiolus of the epiglottis. 2. The man- 
ubrium of the malleus, p. glandulae pinealis. See 
peduncle of the pineal gland. 

Petit's canal (pte) [1. Francois Pourfour du Petit, 
French anatomist and surgeon, 1664-1741; 2. Jean 
Louis Petit, French surgeon, 1674-1750]. [1]. A 
space, intersected by numerous fine interlacing fibers, 
existing between the anterior and posterior laminae of 
the suspensory ligament of the crystalline lens. It 
extends from the periphery of the lens nearly to the 
apices of the ciliary processes, and transmits the se- 
cretion from the posterior chamber. P.'s hernia [2], 
23 



lumbar hernia. P.'s ligament [2], the concave fold 
formed back of the vagina by the union of Douglas' 
ligaments. P.'s sinus. [1]. See Valsalva's sinus. 
P.'s triangle, [2], the trigonum lumbale. The space 
bounded in front by the posterior border of the exter- 
nal oblique, behind by the anterior border of the lat- 
issimus dorsi, its base being formed by the iliac crest. 
Lumbar hernia usually occurs in this triangle. 

petit mal (pet-e mahl) [Fr., "little illness"]. A 
slight epileptic seizure characterized by a momentary, 
scarcely recognizable loss of consciousness, often 
with an upward staring of the eyes and fibrillary 
movements of the facial muscles. 

Petri's capsules, P.'s dishes, P.'s saucers (pa'-tre) 
[Julius Petri, German bacteriologist, 1852- ]. 
Shallow, cylindrical, covered glass vessels for bacterial 
culture, in which the colonies may be counted with- 
out removing the cover. P.'s test forjproteins, a faint 
yellow coloration is produced by treating a protein or 
peptone solution with a solution of diazobenzolsul- 
phonic acid ; but if the solution is rendered alkaline 
by the addition of caustic alkali, the color changes to 
orange or brown according to concentration, and a 
red froth is formed on shaking. 

petrifaction (pet-re-fak'-shun) [irerpa, a stone ; facer e, 
to make]. Conversion into stone, as petrifaction of 
the fetus, the formation of a lithopedion. 

petrissage (pa-tre-sahzj') [Fr., kneading]. The 
kneading movement in massage. 

petrobasilar (pet-ro-baz'-il-ar) [petrosa-; basilar]. 
Pertaining to the petrous portion of the temporal 
bone and the basilar portion of the occipital bone. 

petroccipital (pet-rok-sip'-it-al) . Synonym of pet- 
ro-occipital. 

petrogen (pet' -r 0-3 en). Trade name of a mineral 
oil preparation used as a vehicle and solvent for vari- 
ous drugs. 

petrolate (pet'-ro-lat). Same as petrolatum. 

petrolatum (pet-ro-W -turn) [petroleum]. A jelly- 
like preparation obtained from the residuum of pe- 
troleum, soluble in ether, insoluble in water and alco- 
hol, and known commercially as vaseline or cosmoline. 
It is used as a basis for ointments and as an emollient. 
p. album, white petrolatum, p. liquidum (U. S. P.), 
liquid petrolatum, p. molle, soft petrolatum, p. 
spissum* hard petrolatum. 

petrolene (pet'-ro-len) [irerpa, rock; oleum, oil]. A 
liquid hydrocarbon mixture obtained from petroleum. 

petroleum (pet-ro'-le-um) [irerpa, rock; oleum, oil]. 
An oily liquid issuing from the earth in various places, 
and consisting of a mixture of hydrocarbons with 
small amounts of oxidation-products. The hydro- 
carbons belong chiefly to the paraffin series, p. 
ether, a product of petroleum obtained by fractional 
distillation; it has a specific gravity of from 0.665 to 
0.67, distilling at from 50° to 60° C; it consists of 
pentane and hexane. p.-jelly, petrolatum. 

petrolin (pet'-ro-lin) [irerpa, a rock; oleum, oil]. 
The commercial name for a combination of hydro- 
carbons derived from petroleum. 

petrolization (pet-rol-i-za' -shun) [petroleum]. The 
act or process of treating waters with kerosene for the 
extermination of mosquitoes. 

petrolize (pet'-rol-iz). See petrolization. 

petromastoid (pet-ro-mas'-toid) [petrosa: mastoid]. 
Pertaining to the petrous and mastoid portions of the 
temporal bone. p. canal, a short passage connecting 
the mastoid sinuses and the tympanic cavity, p. 
foramen, the tympanic orifice of the petromastoid 
canal. 

petromortis (pet-ro-mor'-tis) [petroleum; mors, 
death]. Poisoning by automobile gas. 

petro-occipital (pet-ro-ok-sip'-it-al) [petrosa; occiput]. 
Pertaining to the petrous portion of the temporal bone 
and to the occipital bone. 

petropharyngeus (pet-ro-far-in'-je-us) [petrosa; phar- 
ynx]. A small muscle arising from the lower surface 
of the petrous portion of the temporal bone, and 
blending with the constrictors of the pharynx. 

petrosa (pet-ro'-sah) [irerpa, rock]. The petrous 
portion of the temporal bone. 

petrosal (pet-ro'-sal) [petrosa]. 1. Pertaining to 
the petrosa, as the petrosal sinus (superior and infer- 
ior), petrosal nerves. 2. The petrosa. 

petrosalpingostaphylinus (pet-ro-sal-ping-go-staf-il- 
i'-nus). Synonym of levator palati. See muscles, 
table of. 

petrosapol (pet-ro-sa'-pol). A proprietary com- 
bination said to consist of soap and certain constitu- 
ents of petroleum residue; used in scalp diseases. 



PETROSELINUM 



674 



PHACOMETER 



petroselinum (pet-ro-se-li'-num). See parsley. 

petrosomastoid (pet-ro-so-mas'-toid). Synonym of 
petromastoid. 

petrosphenoid (pet-ro-sfe'-noid) [pelrosa; sphenoid]. 
Pertaining to the petrous portion of the temporal bone 
and the sphenoid bone. p. suture, the suture between 
the temporal bone and the great wing of the sphenoid 
bone. 

petrosquamosal, petrosquamous (pet-ro-skwa-mo' - 
sal, pet-ro-skrva'-mus) [petrosa; squamosa]. Pertain- 
ing to the petrous and squamous portions of the tem- 
poral bone. p. fissure, p. suture, the line of juncture 
of the squamous and petrous portions of the temporal 
bone. p. sinus, a venous passage formed in the dura 
mater at the junction of the petrous and squamous 
portions of the temporal bone. It opens into the 
lateral sinus. 

petrostaphylinus (pet-ro-staf-il-i'-nus). Synonym 
of levator palati muscle. See muscles, table of. 

petrosulfol (pet-ro-sul'-fol). A proprietary product 
resembling ichthyol, but with less disagreeable odor; 
used as is ichthyol. 

petrous (pet'-rus) [irkrpa, rock], i. Stony; of the 
hardness of stone, as the petrous portion of the tem- 
poral bone. 2. See petrosal (i). 

petrox (pet'-roks). A mixture of paraffin-oil, ioo 
parts; oleic acid, 50 parts; and alcoholic ammonia 
solution, 25 parts; a substitute for vasogen. 

Pettenkofer's soil- water or ground-water theory 
{pet' -en-kof-er) [Max von Pettenkofer, German chemist, 
1818-1901]. Cholera never prevails epidemically 
where the soil is impermeable to water, or where the 
level of the soil-water is not liable to fluctuations. 
P.'s test for bile acids, dissolve in concentrated sul- 
phuric acid a small quantity of bile in substance in a 
small glass dish, or mix some of the liquid containing 
the bile acids with concentrated sulphuric acid and 
warm; in either case great care must be exercised that 
the temperature does not rise above 6o° to 70 C. 
Add drop by drop a 10% solution of cane-sugar, con- 
stantly stirring with a glass rod. In the presence of 
bile a beautiful red coloration is produced, which be- 
comes bluish-violet in the course of the day. This red 
liquid shows an absorption band at F and another 
near, E, between D and E. 

petuning (pet-u'-ning). A process of sprinkling 
tobacco with some special preparation to aid in the 
fermentation and flavoring. 

peucine (pic' -sen) [wetter], the fir]. Resin; pitch. 

peucinous (pii'-sin-us) [see peucine[. Relating to 
or like the fir-tree; resinous. 

pexin (pek'-sin) [tttj£is, a curdling]. Rennin or lab. 

pexinogen (peks-in'-o-jen). See renninogen. 

Peyer's glands, P.'s patches (pi'-er) [Johann 
Conrad Peyer, Swiss anatomist, 1653-1712]. Ag- 
gregations of lymph-follicles situated in the mucous 
membrane of the lower part of the small intestine, 
opposite the mesenteric attachment. 

Peyerian fever (pi-e'-re-an). Typhoid fever. 

peyote (pa-yo'-ta). Same as mescal. See anhalonine 
and mescal button. 

Pfannenstiel's incision (fahn'-en-stel) [J. Pfannen- 
stiel, German gynecologist, 1862- ]. A method 
of entering the abdominal cavity to avoid scar and 
hernia by a long horizontal cut, convex downward, in 
the region just above the mons Veneris where pubic 
hair is normally present. 

Pfaundler's reaction (found'-ler) [Meinhard 
Pfaundler, German physician, 1872- ]. Under 
certain conditions bacteria grown in an immune 
serum will develop in long interlaced thread-like 
groups. 

Pfeiffer's glandular fever (pfi'-fer) [Richard Frie- 
drich Wilhelm Pfeiffer, German physician, 1858- ]. 
An acute infectious fever characterized by inflam- 
matory swelling of the lymph-glands, anemia, and 
prostration. P.'s phenomenon. See P.'s reaction, 
and bacteriolysis. P.'s reaction, the mixing of some 
of the peritoneal effusion provoked in a guinea-pig by 
inoculating it with a mixture of blood-serum of an 
animal immune to cholera, and of bouillon to which a 
small portion of a culture of the Spirillum cholera 
asiaticce has been added, causes these organisms to 
become nonmotile and to agglutinate. The absence 
of this phenomenon proves that the spirillum under 
investigation is of a different species. The same 
phenomenon has been observed in the case of the ty- 
phoid bacillus and typhoid antitoxic serum, and is a 
valuable differential sign. 

Pflueger's law of contraction (pfle'-ger) [Eduard 



Friedrich Wilhelm Pflueger, German physiologist, 
1820-1010]. Galvanic stimulation of a nerve causes 
muscular contraction, which varies uniformly accord- 
ing as the kathode or the anode is applied, or as the 
current is closed or opened. Certain deviations from 
this law constitute the reaction of degeneration. 
The law may be briefly stated as follows: 



Strength of 
Current Used. 


Descending 
Current. 


Ascending 
Current. 


Make. 


Break. 


Make. 


Break. 


Very Weak 

Weak 

Moderate 

Strong 


Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 


No. 
No. 
Yes. 
No. 


No. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
No. 


No. 
No. 
Yes. 
Yes. 



P.'s law of reflex action. 1. If stimulation of a sen- 
sory nerve is followed by a unilateral reflex movement, 
the latter always occurs on the side to which the sen- 
sory nerve belongs. 2. If the stimulus received by a 
sensory nerve extends, to motor nerves of the opposite 
side, contraction occurs only in the corresponding 
muscles. 3. If the contraction is unequal on the two 
sides, the stronger contraction always takes place on 
the side which is stimulated. 4. If the reflex excite- 
ment extends to other motor nerves, the direction of 
the impulse from the sensory to the motor nerve is 
from before backward in the brain and from below 
upward in the spinal cord — i.e., always in the direc- 
tion of the oblongata. P.'s tubes, ovarian tubes ; sac- 
ciform or tubular ingrowths of the germ epithelium 
on the anterointernal surface of the Wolffian body ; 
they ultimately form the cortex of the ovary. 

Pfuhl's sign, P.-Jaffe's sign (pfool, yah' -fa), [Eduard 
Pfuhl, German physician, 1852- ; Max Jaffe, 
German physician, 1841-1911]. In subphrenic pyo- 
pneumothorax the liquid issues from the exploratory 
puncture or incision with considerable force during 
inspiration, while the contrary occurs in true pneu- 
mothorax. 

P. G. Abbreviation of Pharmacopoeia Germanica, 
German Pharmacopeia. 

phace, phacea (fa'-se,fa-se'-ah) [<pa.K.6s, a lens]. The 
crystalline lens. 

phacentocele (fa-sen' -to-sel) [<£a/cos, a lens; ivrbs, 
within; 107X7?, hernia]. Displacement of the crystal- 
line lens into the anterior chamber of the eye. 

phacicous (fa'-sik-us) [<f>aic6s, a lens]. 1. Belonging 
to the crystalline lens. 2. Lentil-shaped. 

phacitis (fa-si' -tis). See phakitis. 

phaco- (fa-ko-) [<j>aic6s, a lens]. A prefix meaning 
p*ertaining to a lens or to the lens of the eye. 

phacocele (fa'-ko-sel). See phacentocele. 

phacocyst (fa'-ko-sist) [phaco-; kvottls bladder]. 
The capsule of the crystalline lens. 

phacocystectomy (fa-ko-sis-tek'-to-me) [phaco-; 
icbo-Tis, cyst; eKTojurj, excision]. Excision of a part of 
the capsule of the crystalline lens. 

phacocystitis (fa-ko-sis-W -tis) [phaco-; kvo-tis, cyst; 
wis, inflammation]. Inflammation of the capsule of 
the crystalline lens. 

phacoglaucoma (fa-ko-glaw-ko'-mah) [phaco-; glau- 
coma]. Structural changes in the crystalline lens 
induced by glaucoma. 

phacohymenitis (fa-ko-hi-men-i'-tis) [phaco-; i>y.f)v, 
membrane; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of 
the capsule of the crystalline lens. 

phacoid (fa'-koid) [<£a/c6s, lens; elSos, like]. Lens- 
shaped. 

phacoiditis (fa-koid-i'-tis). See phakitis. 

phacoidoscope (fa-koid'-o-skop). Synonym of pha- 
coscope. 

phacolysis (fa-kol'-is-is) [phaco-; \veiv, to loosen]. 

1. Dissolution or disintegration of the crystalline lens. 

2. An operation for relief of high myopia consisting in 
discission of the crystalline lens followed by extrac- 
tion. 

phacomalacia (fa-ko-mal-a'-se-ah) [phaco-; ixahaKia, 
softness]. Soft cataract. 

phacometachoresis (fa-ko-met-ak-or-e'-sis) [phaco-; 
Meraxwprjo-ts change of place]. Dislocation of the 
crystalline lens. 

phacometer (fa-kom'-et-er) [phaco-; fikrpov, a mea- 
sure]. An instrument for determining the refractive 
power of lenses. 



PHACOPALINGENESIS 



675 



PHARMACEUTIST 



phacopalingenesis (Ja-ko-pal-in-jen'-es-is) [phaco-; 
vaKiv, again; ykve<Tis, genesis]. Reproduction of the 
crystalline lens. 

phacoplanesis (Ja-ko-plan-e'-sis) [phaco-; w\a.vr)ais , 
a making to wander]. Displacement of the lens of 
the eye from the posterior to the anterior chamber 
and back again. 

phacosclerosis (fa-ko-skle-ro'-sis) [phaco-; scler- 
osis]. Hardening of the crystalline lens. 

phacoscope (Ja'-ko-skop) [phaco-; o-ko-kHv, to in- 
spect]. An instrument for observing the accom- 
modative changes of the lens. 

phacoscopy (fa-kos'-ko-pe) [see phacoscope]. The 
observation and estimation of the changes in the 
lens of the eye caused by accommodative influences. 

phaco scotasmus (fa-ko-sko-laz'-mus) [phaco-; <tkotos, 
darkness]. Clouding of the crystalline lens. 

phacotherapy (fa-ko-ther'-ap-e) [phaco-; depavela, 
therapy]. Heliotherapy. 

phaeoretin (fe-or-et'-in) [<pai.6s, dusky; pijrLvn, resin]. 
ChHsO. A resinous extract from rhubarb-root, 
various species of the genus Rheum. It occurs as a 
yellowish brown powder soluble in alcohol and alkalies. 

phagedena, phagedena (Jaj-ed-e'-nah) [<payk8aiva, a 
cancerous sore]. A rapidly spreading destructive 
ulceration of soft parts, p. tropica, tropical ulcer. 

phagedenic (Jaj-ed-en'-ik) [phagedena]. Of the 
nature of phagedena, p. chancroid, a chancroid that 
spreads rapidly and destroys a large amount of tissue. 

phagedenism (faj'-ed-en-izm). Rapidly progres- 
sive ulcerative processes of the soft parts, frequently 
complicated with chancroid buboes. 

phagedenoma, phagedcenoma (Jaj-ed-en-o'-mah). 
A phagedenic ulcer. 

phagocytal (fag'-o-si-tal). Pertaining to a pha- 
gocyte. 

phagocyte (fag'-o-sit) [<payeiv, to eat; kvtos, a cell]. 
A cell having the property of englobing and digesting 
foreign or other particles harmful to the body. Pha- 
gocytes are either fixed — endothelial cells, fixed con- 
nective-tissue cells — or free — the wandering cells or 
leukocytes. A large phagocyte is termed a macro- 
phage; a small one, a microphage. 

phagocytic (Jag-o-sit'-ik) [phagocyte]. Of, pertain- 
ing to, or caused by phagocytes. 

phagocytoblastC/ag-o-si'-to-Was/) [phagocyte; 0\o.<tt6s, 
a germ]. A cell giving rise to one or more phagocytes. 

phagocytolysis (Jag-o-si-toV -is-is) [phagocyte; Xwris, 
solution], i. Destruction or dissolution of phago- 
cytes. 2. Loss of the phagocytic action of leukocytes. 

phagocytosis (fag-o-si-to'-sis) [phagocyte]. The in- 
gestion of foreign or other particles, principally bac- 
teria, by certain cells. Phagocytosis has been claimed 
to be the cause of immunity against infectious dis- 
eases. 

phagokaryosis (Jag-o-kar-e-o'-sis) [<payelv, to eat; 
Kapvov, nucleus]. The assumption by the cell-nucleus 
of phagocytic action. 

phagolysis (Jag-ol' -is-is) [<payelv, to eat; \veiv, to 
loosen]. Destruction or dissolution of phagocytes; 
phagocytolysis. 

phagomania (fag-o-ma'-ne-ah) [<payelv, to eat; p.avla, 
madness]. An insatiable craving for food. 

phagotherapy (fag-o-ther'-ap-e) [<paydv, to eat; 
Oepa-rrela, therapy]. Treatment by superalimentation. 

phakitis (fa-ki'-lis) [<paKos, lens; ms, inflammation]. 
Inflammation of the crystalline lens of the eye; a 
condition that has, however, not been observed. 

phako- (fa'-ko-). For words beginning thus, see 
phaco-. 

phalacrosis (fal-ak-ro'-sis) [<pa\aKp6s, bald]. Bald- 
ness. 

phalacrotic, phalacrous (Jal-ak-roi'-ik, fal-ak'-rus) 
[phalacrosis]. Bald. 

phalangeal (Ja-lan'-je-al) [phalanx]. Pertaining to 
a phalanx. 

phalanges (Ja-lan'-jez) [phalanx]. Plural of pha- 
lanx. 

phalangette, phalanget (Jal-an-jet') [Fr.]. The 
last phalanx or terminal bone of a finger or toe. 

phalangitis (fal-an-ji'-tis) [phalanx: itis, inflam- 
mation]. Inflammation of a phalanx, p. syphili- 
tica. See under dactylitis syphilitica. 

phalangophalangeal (Ja-lan-go-fa-lan'-je-at) [pha- 
lanx]. Pertaining to the successive phalanges of the 
digits, p. amputation, removal of a finger or toe at 
the first or second phalangeal joints. 

phalangosis (fal-an-go'-sis) [phalanx], i. A dis- 
ease of the eyelids in which the lashes are arranged in 
rows. 2. Ptosis. 



phalanx (fa'-lanks) [<pa\ay£, phalanx, pi., pha- 
langes], i. One of the bones of the fingers or toes. 
2. One of the delicate processes of the headplate of 
the outer rod of Corti projecting beyond the inner 
rod. 

phallalgia (Jal-al'-je-ah) [phallus; &\yos, pain]. 
Pain in the penis. 

phallanastrophe (Jal-an-as'-tro-fe) [<pa\\6s, penis; 
ivaarpcxpr), upturning]. Twisting or distortion of the 
penis. 

phallaneurysm (fal-an'-u-rizm) [phallus; aneurysm]. 
Aneurysm of a vessel of the penis. 

phallic (Jal'-ik) [phallus]. Pertaining to the penis. 

phallin (Jal'-in). A toxalbumin contained in the 
death cup fungus, Amanita phalloides. 

phallitis (fal-i'-tis) [phallus; itis, inflammation]. 
Inflammation of the penis. 

phallocampsis (fal-o-kamp'-sis) [phallus; Katupis, a 
bending]. Chordee. 

phallocarcinoma (fal-o-kar-sin-o'-mah) [phallus; 
carcinoma]. Carcinoma of the penis; it is usually an 
epithelioma. 

phallocrypsis (fal-o-krip'-sis) [phallus; Kptyt-s, 
concealment]. Concealment of the penis by re- 
traction. 

phallodynia (fal-o-din'-e-ah) [phallus; 68vvrj, pain]. 
Pain in the penis. 

phalloid (Jal'-oid) [phallus; elSos, like]. Resembling 
the penis. 

phalloncus (Jal-ong'-kus) [phallus; 6-y/cos, a 
tumor]. Any tumor or swelling of the penis. 

phalloplasty (Jal'-o-plas-te) [phallus; wXaxraeiv, to 
mold]. Plastic or restorative surgery of the penis. 

phallorrhagia (fal-or-a'-je-ah) [phallus; fayvvpat, 
to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from the penis. 

phallus (fal'-us) [<pa\\6s, penis]. Penis. 

phanerogenic (fan-er-o-jen'-ik) [<pavep6s, visible; 
yewav, to produce]. Noting a disease of obvious 
origin; the opposite of cryptogenic, q. v. 

phaneromania (fan-er-o-ma'-ne-ah) [<pavep6s, evi- 
dent; fiavia, madness]. A neurotic condition in 
which a person pays undue attention to some ex- 
ternal part or growth, such as a pimple, a hair or a 
hangnail. 

phaneroscope (Jan'-er-o-skop) [<pavep6s, visible; 
o-Koireli', to see]. An instrument for rendering the 
skin transparent; it is used in examining for diseases 
of the skin, such as lupus. 

phaneroscopy (Jan-er-os'-ko-pe). The use of the 
phaneroscope. 

phantasia (fan-ta'-ze-ah) [<pa.vTa.trla, a showing]. 
An imaginary appearance. 

phantasm (fan'-tazm) [Qavrafeiv, to render visible]. 
An illusive perception of an object that does not 
exist; an optical illusion; an apparition. 

phantasmatomoria (Jan-taz-mat-o-mo'-re-ah) [<pav- 
ratrna, phantasm; ixoipla, folly]. Childishness, or 
dementia, with absurd fancies. 

phantasmology (Jan-taz-mol'-o-je) [<pcwTaapa, phan- 
tasm; \6yos, science]. The science of phantasms. 

phantasmoscopia (fan-taz-mo-sko'-pe-ah) [Qavraapa, 
phantasm; ctko-kHv, to see]. The seeing of phantasms, 
in insanity or delirium. 

phantom (fan'-tum) [phantasm], i. An apparition* 
2. A model of a part or the whole of the human body 
used in practising various operations and procedures. 
p. corpuscle. See corpuscle, p. tumor, a tumor- 
like swelling produced artificially by the contraction 
of a muscle or by other causes. 

phaochrome (fa'-o-krom). Same as chromaffin; 
see chromaffin cells. 

phaochromoblast (Ja-o-kro' -mo-blast). One of the 
two varieties of cells into which the primary sympa- 
thetic cells become differentiated. • 

pharbitin, pharbitisin {far -bit' -in, far-bit' -is-in). 
The kalandana of the Indian pharmacy, a resinous 
substance isomeric with convolvulin contained in 
Ipomoea hederacea. It is used as a cathartic. Dose, 
7-10 gr. (0.45-0.64 gm.). 

pharcidous (far'-sid-us) [</>ap/ci's, a wrinkle]. 
Wrinkled; rugose; full of wrinkles. 

Phar.D. Abbreviation for Pharmacies Doctor, 
Doctor of Pharmacy. 

pharmacal (far'-mak-al) [<pa.pp.aKov, a drug]. Per- 
taining to pharmacy. 

pharmaceutic, pharmaceutical (far-ma-su'-tik, -al) 
[pharmacy]. Pertaining to pharmacy. 

pharmaceutics (far-mas-u'-tiks). Pharmacy. 

pharmaceutist (far-mas-u'-tist). Synonym of 
pharmacist. 



PHARMACIST 



676 



PHARYNGOTHERAPY 



pharmacist {far'-ma-sist) [pharmacy]. An apothe- 
cary. 

pharmaco- (far-ma-ko-) [<j>app.aKoi>, a drug]. A pre- 
fix meaning pertaining to drugs. 

pharmacodynamics (far-ma-ko-di-nam'-iks) [phar- 
maco-; duva/iis, force]. The science of the action of 
drugs. 

pharmacognosis, pharmacognosy (far-ma-kog-no'- 
sis, far-ma-kog' -nose) [pharmaco-; yv&ais, knowledge]. 
The science of crude drugs. 

pharmacognostics (far-mak-og-nos'-tiks) . Synonym 
of pharmacognosy. 

pharmacography {far-ma-kog' -ra-fe) . See pharma- 
cognosis. 

pharmacologist (far-ma-kol'-o-jist) [pharmacology]. 
One versed in pharmacology. 

pharmacology (far-ma-kol'-o-je) [pharmaco-; \6>os, 
science]. The science of the nature and properties 
of drugs. 

pharmacomania (far-mak-o-ma'-ne-ah) [4>app.aicov, 
drug; navia, madness]. A morbid craving for 
medicines, or for self-medication. 

pharmacopeia, pharmacopoeia (far-ma-ko-pe'-ah) 
[pharmaco-; -woielv, to make]. A collection of formu- 
las and methods for the preparation of drugs, especi- 
ally a book of such formulas recognized as a standard, 
as the United States or the British Pharmacopeia. 
The former is issued every ten years under the super- 
vision of a national committee. 

pharmacopeial (far-ma-ko-pe'-al) [pharmacopeia]. 
Contained in or sanctioned by the pharmacopeia. 

pharmacotherapeutic (far-mak-o-ther-ap-u'-tik) 

[<f>apnaKov, drug; depaireia, treatment]. Pertaining 
to treatment with drugs. 

pharmacotherapy (far-mak-o-ther'-a-pe) [<j>app.aKov, 
drug; 9epairda, therapy]. The treatment of disease 
by means of drugs. 

pharmacy (Jar'-ma-se) [cfiapnaiceia, the use of drugs]. 
I. The art of preparing, compounding, and dispensing 
medicines. 2. A drug-store. 

pharyngalgia (far-in-gal'-je-ah) [pharynx; a\yos, 
pain]. Pain in the pharynx. 

pharyngeal (far-in'-je-al) [pharynx]. Pertaining 
to the pharynx, p. tonsil. See Luschka's tonsil. 
p. spine, p. tubercle, a small elevation near the 
middle of the inferior surface of the basilar process 
of the occipital bone, for the attachment of the 
pharynx. 

pharyngectomy (far-in-jek'-to-me) [pharynx; iKronv, 
excision]. Excision of a part of the pharynx. 

pharyngemphraxis (far-in-gem-fraks'-is) [pharyn- 
go-; eM0pa£«, obstruction]. Obstruction of the 
pharynx. 

pharyngeus (far-in-je'-us). See constrictor of 
pharynx, etc., under muscles, table of. 

pharyngismus (far-in-jiz'-mus) [pharynx]. Spasm 
of the pharynx. 

pharyngitic (far-in-jit'-ik). Pertaining to, affected 
with, or of the nature of, pharyngitis. 

pharyngitis (far-in-ji'-tis) [pharynx; ins, inflamma- 
tion]. Inflammation of the pharynx, p., acute, 
p., catarrhal, a form due to exposure to cold, to the 
action of irritant substances, or to certain infectious 
causes, and characterized by pain on swallowing, by 
dryness, later by moisture, and by congestion of the 
mucous membrane, p. apostematosa, abscess of 
the pharynx, p., atrophic, a form attended with 
atrophy of the mucous membrane, p., chronic, 
a form that is generally the result of repeated acute 
attacks, and is associated either with hypertrophy of 
the mucous membrane (hypertrophic pharyngitis) 
or with atrophy (atrophic pharyngitis), p., croupous, 
p., diphtheritic, that characterized by the presence 
of a false membrane, the product of the action of the 
diphtheria bacillus, p., follicular, clergyman's sore 
throat, p., granular, a form of chronic pharyngitis 
in which the mucous membrane has a granular 
appearance, p., lithemic, a sense of fulness in the 
throat with a feeling of rigidity associated with 
heat and dryness; it is due to the gouty diathesis. 
p. sicca, the chronic form with a dry state of the 
mucous membrane. 

pharyngo- (far-in-go-) [pharynx]. A prefix sig- 
nifying pertaining to the pharynx. 

pharyngocele (far-in'-go-sel) [pharyngo-; KrfKr), 
hernia]. A hernia or pouch of the pharynx projecting 
through the pharyngeal wall. 

pharyngodynia (far-in-go-din'-e-ah) [pharyngo- ; 
68wri, pain]. Pain referred to the pharynx. 



pharyngodynia (far-in-go-din'-e-ah) [pharyngo-; 
oSvvrj, pain]. Pain referred to the pharynx. 

pharyngoepiglottic (far-in-go-ep-ig-lot'-ik). Per- 
taining to the pharynx and the epiglottis. 

pharyngoepiglotticus (far-in-go-ep-ig-lot'-ik-us) 

[pharyngo-; epiglottis]. Muscular fibers derived from 
the stylo-pharyngeus and inserted into the side of the 
epiglottis and the pharyngoepiglottic ligament. 

pharyngoesophageal (far-in-go-e-sof-aj'-e-al). Per- 
taining to the pharynx and esophagus. 

pharyngoesophagus (far-in-go-e-sof-ag-us). The 
pharynx and esophagus considered as one organ. 

pharyngoglossal (far-in-go-glos'-al) [pharyngo- ; 
yXuaaa, tongue]. Pertaining conjointly to the 
pharynx and the tongue. 

pharyngolaryngeal (far-in-go-lar-in'-je-al) [phar- 
yngo-; larynx]. Pertaining both to the pharynx and 
to the larynx. 

pharyngolaryngitis (far-in-go-lar-in-ji'-tis) [pharyn- 
go-; laryngitis]. Simultaneous inflammation of the 
pharynx and larynx. 

pharyngolith (far-in'-go-lith) [pharyngo-; Xi0os, 
stone]. A calcareous concretion in the walls of the 
pharynx. 

pharyngology (far-in-gol'-o-je) [pharyngo-; \6yos, 
science]. The science of the pharyngeal mechanism, 
functions and diseases. 

pharyngolysis (far-in-gol'-is-is) [pharyngo- ; Xuo-is, 
a loosing]. Paralysis of the pharyngeal muscles. 

pharyngomaxillary (far-in-go-maks'-il-a-re). Re- 
lating to the pharynx and the maxilla. 

pharyngomycosis (far-in-go-mi-ko'-sis) . Disease 
of the pharynx due to the action of fungi. 

pharyngonasal (far-in-go-na'-sal) [pharyngo- ; nasus, 
nose]. Pertaining to the pharynx and the nose. 
p. cavity, the upper portion of the pharynx; the naso- 
pharynx. 

pharyngooral (far-in-go-o'-ral) [pharyngo-; os, oris, 
mouth]. Oropharyngeal; pertaining to both pharynx 
and mouth, p. cavity, the oropharynx; the middle 
portion of the pharynx, communicating with the 
mouth. 

pharyngopalatine (far-in-go-pal'-a-tin). Relating 
to the pharynx and the palate. 

pharyngopalatinus (far-in-go-pal-at-i'-nus). Syn- 
onym of palatopharyngeus. See muscles, table of. 

pharyngoparalysis (far-in-go-par-al'-is-is). See 
pharyngoplegia. 

pharyngopathy (far-in-gop'-ath-e) [pharyngo- ; irados, 
disease]. Any disease of the pharynx. 

pharyngoperistole (far-in-go-per-is'-to-le). Syn- 
onym of pharyngostenia. 

pharyngoplasty (far-in'-go-plas-te) [pharyngo- ; 
■7r\aaaeLi>, to form]. Plastic surgery of the pharynx. 

pharyngoplegia (far-in-go-ple'-je-ah) [pharyngo- ; 
ir\r]yri, a stroke]. Paralysis of the muscles of the 
pharynx. 

pharyngorhinitis (far-in-go-ri-ni'-tis) [pharyngo- ; 
pis, nose; ins, inflammation]. Pharyngitis with 
rhinitis; inflammation of the pharynx and the nose. 

pharyngorhinoscopy (far-in-go-ri-nos'-ko-pe) . 

Synonym of rhinoscopy, posterior. 

pharyngorrhagia (far-in-gor-a' -je-ah) [pharyngo- ; 
prjyvwai, to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from the 
pharynx. 

pharyngorrhea (far-in-gor-e'-ah) [pharyngo-; fata, 
a flow]. A mucous discharge from the pharynx. 

pharyngoscleroma (far-in'-go-skle-ro'-mah) . 

Pharyngeal scleroma. 

pharyngoscope (far-in'-go-skop) [pharyngo-; <tko- 
■Kiiv, to inspect]. An instrument for use in examin- 
ing the pharynx. 

pharyngoscopy (far-in-gos'-ko-pe) [pharyngoscope]. 
Examination of the pharynx with the pharyngoscope. 

pharyngospasm (far-in'-go-spazm) [pharyngo-; 
<r-Ko.ap.bs, a spasm]. Spasmodic contraction of the 
pharynx. 

pharyngospasmodic (far-in-go-spas-mod' -ik). Re- 
lating to spasmodic contraction of the pharynx. 

pharyngostaphylinus (far-in'-go-staf-il-i'-nus) . 

Synonym of palatopharyngeus. See muscles, table of. 

pharyngostenia (far-in-go-ste' -ne-ah) [pharyngo- ; 
arevos, narrow]. Narrowing or stricture of the 
pharynx. 

pharyngostenous (far-in-go-ste' -nus) [pharyngo-; 
stenosis]. Relating to stricture of the pharynx. 

pharyngotherapy (far-in-go-ther'-a-pe) [pharyngo- ; 
depaireia, therapy]. The treatment of diseases of 
the pharynx by direct applications or irrigations. 



PHARYNGOTOME 



677 



PHENOMENON 



pharyngotome (far-in'-go-tom) [pharyngo-; row, a 
cutting]. An instrument for incising the pharynx. 

pharyngotomy (far-in-got'-o-me) [see pharyngo- 
tome]. Incision into the pharynx, p., inferior, that 
in which the tissues between the hyoid bone and the 
cricoid cartilage are divided, p., lateral, incision 
into one side of the pharynx, p., subhyoidean, 
that through the thyrohyoid membrane. 

pharyngotonsillitis (far-in-go-ton-sil-i'-tis) [pharyn- 
go-; tonsillitis]. Inflammation of the pharynx and 
the tonsil. 

pharyngoxerosis (far-in-go-zer-o'-sis) [pharyngo- ; 
xerosis]. Dryness of the pharynx. 

pharynx (far'-ingks) [<j>apvyfi, the throat]. The 
musculomembranous pouch situated back of the 
nose, mouth, and larynx, and extending from the 
base of the skull to a point opposite the sixth cervical 
vertebra, where it becomes continuous with the 
esophagus. It is lined by mucous membrane, 
covered in its upper part with columnar ciliated 
epithelium, in its lower part with stratified epithe- 
lium. On the ouside of this is a layer of fibrous 
tissue — the pharyngeal aponeurosis. This in turn is 
surrounded by the muscular coat. The upper por- 
tion of the pharynx communicates with the nose 
through the posterior nares, is known as the naso- 
pharynx, and functionally belongs to the respiratory 
tract ; the lower portion is divided into the oropharynx 
and laryngopharynx, and is a part of the digestive 
tract. The pharynx communicates with the middle 
ear by means of the Eustachian tube. 

phase (fdz) [<£do-«, appearance]. The condition 
or stage of a disease or physiological function at a 
given time. 

phaselin (fas'-el-in). A proprietary digestant said 
to be a constituent of a wild bean of Mexico. 

phatne (fat'-ne) [t^arvrj, socket]. Same as alveolus. 

phatnorrhagia (jat-nor-a'-je-ah) [<j>6.tvii, socket; 
fayvwai. to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from a tooth- 
socket. 

Ph.B. Abbreviation for (i) British Pharmacopoeia; 
(2) Bachelor of Philosophy. 

Ph.D. Abbreviation for (1) Doctor of Pharmacy; 
(2) Doctor of Philosophy. 

phecine (fe'-sen), CeKUCOH^SCh. Sulphometa- 
dihydroxybenzene, a sulphate of the dihydrate of 
benzene; it is said to be a nonirritant antiseptic and 
prophylactic, and is indicated in diseases of the 
skin. 

Phelps' operation [Abel Mix Phelps, American 
surgeon, 1851-1902]. 1. For club-foot: a direct 
open incision is made through the inner and plantar 
surfaces of the foot. 2. For hare-lip : a loop is passed 
through the margin of the lip on either side of the 
cleft; the incision is curved on both sides, and a V- 
shaped flap is allowed to remain in the middle line, 
beneath the septum of the nose; the wound is closed 
with silk sutures. 

phenacetin (fe-nas'-el-in). See acetphenelidin. 

phenakistoscope, phsenakistoscope (fe-nak-is'-to- 
skop) [cfrevaKLffrris, an impostor; aiioireiv, to view]. 
That form of stroboscope in which the figures and 
slits revolve in the same direction. Syn., direct 
stroboscope ; zoetrope. 

phenalette (fen-al-et'). An effervescing headache 
powder, containing phenacetin. 

phenalgene (fe-nal'-jen). A proprietary analgesic 
said to conain acetanilide, sodium bicarbonate, etc. 

phenalgin (Je-nal'-jin). A proprietary antipyretic 
and analgesic said to be an ammoniated combination 
of phenyl and acetanilide. Syn., ammoniophenyl- 
acetamide. 

phenanthrene (fe-nan'-thren) [phenol; avdpa£. 
coal], C14H10. A hydrocarbon isomeric with anthra- 
cene, and found with it in the last fraction of coal- 
tar. 

phenate (fe'-nat) [phenol]. A compound of phenol 
and a base; a carbolate. 

phenatol (fe'-nat-ol). A proprietary antipyretic 
and anodyne said to be a combination of sodium 
carbonate, bicarbonate, sulphate, and chloride, with 
acetanilide and caffeine. 

phenazone (fe'-naz-on). Antipyrine. 

phene (fen). Benzene. 

phenedin (fe'-ned-'in). Acetphenetidin. 

phenegol (Je'-ne-gol), C 6 H 5 . O . NO2 . SO3K. Mer- 
cury potassium nitroparaphenol sulphonate. It is 
antiseptic and bactericidal. 

phenetidin (Je-net'-id-in) [phenol], CsHnNO. The 
base from which acetphenetidin is prepared by 



substitution, p. citrate, a condensation-product of 
paraamidophenetol with citric acid; sedative and 
antipyretic. 

phenetidinuria (fe-net-id-in-u'-re-ah). A condi- 
tion marked by the presence of phenetidin in the 
urine. 

phenetol (fen'-et-ol) [phenol; oleum, oil], C2H5 . O . - 
C6H5. Ethyl phenyl ether; a volatile aromatic- 
smelling liquid. 

phengophobia (fen-go-fo'-be-ah) [04770s, light; 
<t>6fios, fear]. See photophobia. 

phenic (fe'-nik) [phenol]. Obtained from coal-tar. 
p. acid. See acid, carbolic, and phenol. 

phenicate (fen'-ik-at). To charge with phenol or 
phenic acid. 

phenicism (fe'-nis-izm). A synonym of rubeola, 
q. v. 

phenidin, phenin (fe'-nid-in, fe'-nin) . See acetphen- 
etidin. 

phenigmus (fe-nig'-mus) [<j>olvi^, purple-red]. A 
skin disease characterized by diffuse redness, without 
fever. 

phenocoll (fe'-no-kol) [phenol], C10H14N2O2. Amid- 
ophenacetin, a substance resembling acetphenetidin; 
the hydrochloride is used as an antipyretic. Dose 
10-15 gr. (0.65-1-0 Gm.). 

phenocreosote (fe-no-kre'-o-sot). A preparation 
of creosote and phenol. 

phenodin (fe'-no-din) [<t>ou>co8r)s, blood-red]. The 
same as hematin, q. v. 

phenofax (fe' -no-fax) . Trade name of an anti- 
septic surgical dressing. 

phenol (fe'-nol) [<t>olvi£, purple-red]. 1. C6H5OH. 
Hydroxybenzene, obtained either from coal-tar 
by fractional distillation or made synthetically. 
More commonly known as carbolic acid. 2. Any 
derivative of benzene homologous with phenol. 
p.-camphor, camphorated phenol, p. celluloid, a 
protective varnish for wounds, prepared from pyroxy- 
lin, phenol, and camphor, p. diiodide, a precipitate 
from a combination of solutions of sodium, phenol, 
and iodopotassium iodide, recommended as a wound 
antiseptic. Syn., diiodophenoliodide. p., glycerite 
of (glyceritum phenolis, U. S. P.), a mixture of lique- 
fied phenol and glycerol, p., liquefied (phenol 
liquef actum, U. S. P.), a liquid containing not less 
than 86.4 % by weight of absolute phenol. Dose 
1 min. (0.06 Cc). p., ointment of (unguentum 
phenolis, U. S. P.), an ointment made of white 
petrolatum and phenol, p., orthomonobromo-, 
CeHsBrO, an oily, violet-colored liquid with strong 
odor, soluble in ether, chloroform, or 100 parts of 
water; used as a wound antiseptic and in erysipelas, 
1 to 2 % in petrolatum, twice daily, p., ortho- 
monochlor-, C6H5CIO, a colorless antiseptic liquid, 
soluble in alcohol or ether, used with petrolatum in 
skin diseases, etc. p. sulphoricinate, a solution of 
phenol in sulphoricinic acid, used in 20 % solution 
in tuberculosis of the throat, p., tests for. See 
Allen, Berthelot, Davy, Eijkman, Jacquemin, Landolt, 
Penzoldt and Fischer, Plugge. p. trichloride. See 
trichlor phenol. 

phenolate (fe'-no-lat) [phenol]. A salt of carbolic 
acid. 

phenolax (fe'-no-laks). Trade name of a prepara- 
tion of phenolphthalein; used as a purgative. 

phenolid (fe'-nol-id). A proprietary preparation 
said to be a mixture of acetanilide and sodium 
salicylate or sodium bicarbonate. Dose 5-10 gr. 
(0.3-0.6 gm.). 

phenolin (fen'-ol-in). An antiseptic prepared from 
crude cresols. 

phenology, phaenology (fe-nol'-o-je) [<f>alveiv, to 
bring to light; \6yos, science]. In biology, the 
science of the behavior of plants and animals to the 
periodic changes in meteorologic conditions. 

phenolphthalein (fe-nol-tha'-le-in) [phenol; phthalic 
acid], C20H14O4. A substance produced by the action 
of phenol on phthalic acid and used generally in a 
1 % solution in 50 % alcohol, as a delicate test for 
acids and alkalies. It is turned red by alkalies and 
decolorized by acids. It has been recommended as a 
purgative. Dose 1^-4 gr. (0.09-0.2 Gm.). 

phenolsulphonic acid (fe-nol-sul-fon'-ik). Sulpho- 
carbolic acid. 

phenomenon (fe-nom'-en-on) [<t>aiv6nevov, that which 
is seen; from <t>aiv&.v, to shine: pi., phenomena]. An 
event or manifestation, generally of an unusual 
character, p. Aubert's etc. For this and other 
proper names see under the proper name. p.» 



PHENONE 



678 



PHLEBITIS 



diaphragm. See Litten's sign, p., face. See Chvos- 
lek's sign, p., great toe. See Babinski's reflex. 
p., knee. Synonym of patellar tendon-reflex. 

phenone (fe'-non) [phenol]. A ketone formed by 
the union of phenyl and a hydrocarbon of the marsh- 
gas series. 

phenophobia (fe-no-fo'-be-ah). Synonym of photo- 
phobia. 

phenophthalein (fe-no-tha'-le-in). See phenol- 
phthalein. 

phenopyrine (fe-no-pi'-ren). A mixture of equal 
parts of phenol and antipyrine. 

phenoresorcin (fe-no-re-sor'-siri). A mixture of 
67 parts of phenol with 33 parts of resorcin. 

phenosal (fe' -no-sal). Phenetidin acetosalicylate; 
an antipyretic compound of acetphenetidin and 
salicylic acid; used in acute articular rheumatism. 
Dose 8 gr. (0.5 Gm.) 2 to 6 times daily. Syn., 
paraphenetidin salicylacetic acid. 

phenosalyl (fe-no-sal'-il). A compound of phenol, 
salicylic acid, lactic acid, and menthol, mixed with 
heat. It is an external antiseptic, used in conjunc- 
tivitis in 0.2 to 0.4 % solution; in eczema, in 1 % 
solution. 

phenosuccin (Je-no-suk'-sin), CeH^OCal^N- 
(COCH2)2. Colorless needles derived from para- 
amidophenol by action of succinic acid; antipyretic 
and antineuralgic. Dose 15-45 gr. (1-3 Gm.) daily. 
Syn., pyrantin. 

phenosuccinate (fe-no-suk'-sin-at). The sodium 
salt of phenosuccin, forming a white, soluble powder. 
It is preferred to phenosuccin. Dose 72-46 gr. 
(0.5-3-0 Gm.). 

phenoxin {fe-noks'-in). A trade name for carbon 
tetrachloride. 

phenoxycaffeine (fe-noks-e-kaf'-e-in), CsHgOCeHs) 
N4O2. It is anesthetic and narcotic and is used 
subcutaneously in sciatica. Dose 4 gr. (0.26 Gm.). 

phenyl (fe'-nil) [phenol; iiXrj, matter]. The uni- 
valent radical, C6H5, of phenol, p. alcohol. Synonym 
of phenol, p. hydrate, phenol, p. salicylate (phenylis 
salicylas, U. S. P.), the salicylic ester of phenyl, a 
white, crystalline substance, used as an intestinal 
and urinary antiseptic, and as a substitute for 
salicylic acid. It is decomposed in the intestine into 
salicylic acid and phenol. Dose 5-25 gr. (0.32-1.0 
Gm.). Syn., salol. 

phenylacetamide. Same as acelanilide. 

phenylamine (Jen-il-am'-in). Same as aniline. 

phenylaniline (Jen-il-an' -il-in) . Same as diphenyl- 
amine. 

phenylate (fe'-nil-at). A carbolate. 

phenylchinaldin. See phenylquinaldin. 

phenylchinolin. A derivative of chinolinjay -the 
entrance of the phenyl-group into 4ts-T3yTidm mole- 
cule. 

phenylene (fen'-il-en), C6H4. A bivalent organic 
radical. 

phenylglucosazone (fe-nil-gloo-ko'-saz-on), C18H22- 
N4O4. A yellow, crystalline compound produced in 
the phenylhydrazine test for glucose. 

phenylglycuronic acid (fe-nil-glik-ii-ron'-ik). A 
crystalline body, a compound of "phenol and glycu- 
ronic acid, occurring in the urine after the ingestion 
of phenol. 

phenylhydrazine {fe-nil-hi' -dra-zen) , C6H8N2. A 
liquid base, crystallizing in plates, the hydrochloride 
of which is used as a test for sugar, p. tests. See 
v. Jaksch, Neumann, Riegler. 

phenylhydroxylamine, C6H5NHOH, a product of 
nitrobenzol by reduction; very active blood-poison. 

phenylic (fe-nil'-ik) [phenyl]. Pertaining to or 
containing phenyl, p. acid, carbolic acid, phenol. 

phenylmethane. A crystalline analgesic and anti- 
pyretic substance. 

phenylon (fe'-nil-on). Antipyrine. 

phenylone {fen'-il-on). Antipyrine. 

phenylquinaldin (Je-nil-kwi n-al'-din) , C9H5(G6H 5 )N, 
an antiperiodic prepared by the action of hydro- 
chloric acid on a mixture of aniline, acetophenone, 
and aldehyde. Dose 1^-3 gr. (0.1-0.2 Gm.). It is 
also used externally as a local irritant. 

phenylquinolin (fe-nil-kwin'-o-lin). A derivative 
of quinolin by the entrance of the phenyl groups 
into its pyridin molecule. It is more active than 
quinine. 

phenylurethane (fe-nil-u'-relh-an). See euphorin. 

pheochrome, pheochromoblast. See phaochrome, 
phaochromoblast. 

phesin (Je'-sin), CeH 3 . O . C.-HoSOsNa . NH . CO .- 



CH3. A proprietary antipyretic sulpho-derivative 
of acetphenetidin. 

Ph.G. Abbreviation for (1) Graduate in Phar- 
macy; (2) German Pharmacopoeia. 

phial (fi'-al\. See vial. 

philanthropist (fil-an'-thro-pist) [cpCKavdpuwos, hu- 
mane]. One who loves mankind. 

philanthropy (fil-an'-thro-pe) [<f>i\avdpuiros, humane]. 
The love of mankind ; benevolence ; charity. 

Phillips' muscle. A small muscle extending from 
the styloid process of the radius and the external 
lateral ligament to the proximal portion of the 
phalanges. 

Phillyrea (fil-ir'-e-ah) [<piXvpa, the linden-tree, 
from the similarity of its leaves]. A genus of the 
Oleacece. The leaves of P. latifolia, the stone- 
linden of southern Europe, are diuretic and emmena- 
gogue and are used in ulcerations of the mouth. It 
contains phillyrin. 

phillyrin (fil'-i-rin), C27H34O11+H2O. A crystalline 
glucoside found in the bark and leaves of Phillyrea 
latifolia, P. angustifolia, and P. media. It is anti- 
malarial. 

philocytase (fil-o-si'-tas) [<f>i\elv, to love; kvtos, a 
cell]. Metchnikoff's name for the intermediate body 
of Ehrlich; an amboceptor. 

philoneism (fil-o-ne'-izm) [<piKelv, to love; veos, 
new]. Abnormal love of novelty; the reverse of 
misoneism. ., 

philopatridomania (fil-o-pa-trid-o-ma'-ne-ah) [<f>i\elt>, 
to love; Trarpis, fatherland; p.avia, madness]. An 
insane desire to return home; excessive nostalgia, or 
homesickness. 

philter, philtre (fil-ter) [<f>L\Tpoi>, a love-charm]. 
A love-potion; a preparation supposed to be efficacious 
in exciting sexual passion. 

philtrum (fil'-trum) [4>i\rpov, a love-charm]. 1. The 
depression on the surface of the skin of the upper 
lip immediately below the septum of the nose. 
2. A philter, q. v. 

phimosientomy (fi-mo-si-en'-to-me) [frinovv, to 
constrict; Ivronri, incision]. Incision of a constricted 
prepuce. 

phimosiotomy (fi-mo-si-ot'-o-me). See phimosi- 
entomy. 

phimosis (fi-mo'-sis) [fruovv, to constrict]. Elonga- 
tion of the prepuce and constriction of the orifice, 
so that the foreskin cannot be retracted to uncover 
the glans penis, p. adnata, p. puerilis, congenital 
phimosis, p. circumligata. See paraphimosis, p. 
oedematodes, phimosis with edema of the prepuce. 
Syn., hydrophimosis. p. oris, narrowing of the 
opening of the mouth, p. palpebrarum. Synonym 
of blepharophimosis. p. vaginalis, atresia of the 
vagina. 

phimotic (fi-mot'-ik). Relating to phimosis. 

phisiotherapy (fiz-e-o-ther'-ap-e) [<pb<ns, nature; 
depawda, therapy]. The application of natural 
remedies — air, water, sunlight, etc. — in the treat- 
ment of disease. 

phleb- (fleb-) [<j>\k\p, vein]. A prefix meaning vein. 

phlebangioma (fleb-an-je-o'-mah) [phleb-; iyyeiov, 
vessel; bp.a, tumor]. A venous aneurysm. 

phlebarteriectasia (fleb-ar-te-re-ek-ta'-ze-ah) [phleb- ; 
a.prrjpLa, artery; tKraais, dilatation]. Varicose aneu- 
rysm. 

phlebarteriodialysis (fleb-ar-te-re-o-di-al'-is-is) 

[phleb-; aprripia, artery; 8ia\vais, separation]. Arteri- 
ovenous aneurysm. 

phlebectasia, phlebectasis (fleb-ek-ta'-ze-ah, fleb- 
ek'-tas-is) [(j>\bp, vein; l/cracm, dilation]. Dilation of 
a vein; varicosity. 

phlebectomy (fleb-ek' -to-me) [<p\e\f/, vein; itcro^, 
excision]. Excision of a vein or a portion of a vein. 

phlebectopia (fleb-ek-to'-pe-ah) [phleb-; itc, out; 
tottos, place]. The displacement or abnormal posi- 
tion of a vein. 

phlebemphraxis (fleb-em-fraks'-is) [phleb-; Im<£po£is, 
obstruction]. Plugging of a vein. 

phlebepatitis (fleb-ep-at-i'-tis) [<p\ty, vein; hepatitis]. 
Inflammation of the portal or hepatic veins. 

phlebeurisma (fleb-u-riz'-mah). Synonym of varix. 

phlebin {fleb' -in) [phleb-]. A term for the venous 
blood-pigment as contained in the red corpuscles. 

phlebismus (fleb-iz'-mus) [<j>\&!/, vein]. Undue 
prominence or swelling of a vein. 

phlebitic (fieb-it'-ik). Pertaining to, of the nature 
of, or affected with phlebitis. 

phlebitis (fleb-i'-tis) [<t>\ty, vein; vrts, inflammation]. 
Inflammation of a vein. This is generally suppura- 



PHLEBO- 



679 



PHLYCTENOSIS 



tive (suppurative phlebitis), and is the result of the 
extension of suppuration from adjacent tissues. It 
leads to the formation of a thrombus within the vein 
(thrombophlebitis) , which may break down and cause 
the distribution of septic emboli to various parts of 
the body. When not due to a suppurative process 
the phlebitis, called plastic, adhesive, or proliferative, 
may give rise to obliteration of the vein. The 
symptoms of phlebitis are pain and edema of the 
affected part, redness along the course of the vein, 
the latter appearing as a hard, tender cord, p., 
sinus-, phlebitis of the sinuses of the dura mater. 

phlebo- (fleb-o-) [<j>\e\p, vein]. A prefix denoting 
pertaining to a vein. 

phlebocarcinoma (fleb-o-kar-sin-o'-mah) [phlebo-; 
carcinoma]. Extension of carcinoma to the walls of a 
vein. 

phlebocholosis (fleb-o-ko-lo'-sis) [phlebo-; xw^u. 
lameness]. Paralysis or disease of the veins. 

phlebogram (fleb'-o-gram) [phlebo-; ypap.p,a, a 
writing]. A tracing of the movements of a vein by 
the sphygmograph. 

phlebograph (fleb'-o-graf) [phlebo-; ypa<peu>, to 
write]. An instrument for recording the venous 
pulse. 

phlebography (fleb-og'-ra-fe) [phlebo-; ypaxftew, to 
write]. The anatomy and physiology of the veins; 
a description of the veins. 

phlebolite, phlebolith (fleb'-o-lit,fleb'-o-lith) [phlebo-; 
\L9os, a stone]. Vein-stone, a hard concretion some- 
times found in veins, and produced by calcareous 
infiltration of a thrombus. 

phlebolithiasis (fleb-o-lith-i' -as-is) [phlebo-; \ldos, 
stone]. The formation of phleboliths. 

phlebolitic (fleb-o-lit'-ik) [phlebo-; \ldos, a stone]. 
Of the nature of, containing, or characterized by, 
phlebolites. 

phlebology (fieb-ol'-o-je) [phlebo-; Xoyos, science]. 
The science of the anatomy and physiology of the 
veins. 

phlebopexy (fleb'-o-peks-e) [phlebo-; irij£is, a fixing 
in]. Longuet's term for the preservation of the 
venous reticulum which results from the extraserous 
transplantation of the testicle in cases of varico- 
cele. 

phlebophthalmotomy (fleb-off-thal-mof-o-me) 

[phlebo-; 6<t>da\fi6s, eye; ron-fj- a cutting]. Scari- 
fication of the conjunctival vein. 

phleboplerosis (fleb-o-ple-ro'-sis) [phlebo-; irXi7p«<us, 
a filling]. Distention of the veins. 

phlebophlogosis (fleb-o-flo-go'-sis). Synonym of 
phlebitis. 

phleborrhagia (fleb-or-a'-je-ah) [phlebo-; p-qyvwai, 
to burst forth]. Venous hemorrhage. 

phleborrhapny (fleb-or'-af-e) [phlebo-; pa<pr), suture]. 
Suture of a vein. 

phleborrhexis (fleb-or-eks'-is) [phlebo-; py£is, rup- 
ture]. Rupture of a vein. 

phlebosclerosis (fleb-o-skle-ro'-sis) [phlebo-; <tk\tip6s, 
hard]. Sclerosis of a vein. 

phlebostasis (fleb' -os-tas-is) [phlebo-; o-rcuris, a 
standing still]. The temporary removal of some of the 
blood from the general circulation by means of com- 
pression in the veins in the extremities; also called 
"bloodless phlebotomy." 

phlebostenosis (fleb-o-sten-o'-sis) [phlebo-; crrkvos, 
narrow]. Constriction of a vein. 

phlebostrepsis (fleb-o-strep'-sis) [phlebo-; arptyis, 
a twisting]. Torsion, or twisting, of a vein. 

phlebothrombosis (fleb-o-throm-bo'-sis) [phlebo- ; 
thrombosis]. The formation of a thrombus in a vein. 

phlebotome (fleb'-o-tom). A cutting-instrument 
used in phlebotomy; a fleam. 

phlebotomist (fleb-of -o-mist) [phlebo-; Top.t), a 
cutting]. One who lets blood; a bleeder. 

phlebotomus fever (fleb-of -om-us). A fever of 
brief duration met with in the countries around the 
Mediterranean, also in India; it is apparently con- 
veyed by sand-flies. 

phlebotomy (fleb-of -o-me) [phlebo-; ropv, a cutting]. 
Opening of a vein for the purpose of bloodletting. 
The vein most often selected is the median cephalic 
at the bend of the elbow, p., bloodless. See phlebo- 
stasis. 

phledonia (fle-do'-ne-ah) [<p\tSovda, babble]. De- 
lirium, or delirious utterance. 

phlegm (flem) [<p\kypa, phlegm], i. A viscid, 
stringy mucus, secreted by the mucosa of the upper 
air-passages. 2. One of the four humors of the old 
writers. 



phlegmasia (fleg-ma'-ze-ah) [<p\kyp.a, a flame]. 
Inflammation, p. adenosa. See adenitis, p. alba 
dolens, milk-leg, a painful swelling of the leg begin- 
ning either at the ankle and ascending, or at the 
groin and extending down the thigh, its usual cause 
being septic infection after labor, p. cellularis, 
cellulitis, p. dolens. Same as p. alba dolens. p. 
lactea. See p. alba dolens. p. malabarica. Syno- 
nym of elephantiasis arcbum. p. membranes mucosae 
gastropulmonalis. See aphtha tropica, p. myoica, 
myositis. 

phlegmatic (fleg-maf-ik) [phlegm]. Full of phlegm; 
hence, indifferent; apathetic; slow, dull; lymphatic. 

phlegmon (fleg'-mon) [tj>\typovri, inflammation]. 
An inflammation characterized by the spreading of a 
purulent or fibrinopurulent exudate within the tissues. 
p., gas, that in which more or less offensive gas is 
formed with the pus. p. ligneux, a peculiar form of 
chronic inflammation of the skin and subcutaneous 
tissue marked by a slow clinical course and a con- 
sistence resembling wood. It occurs most frequently 
on the neck. 

phlegmonodoea (fleg-mon-o-de'-ah) [4>\eynovq, in- 
flammation]. 1. See erythematica. 2. Peritonitis. 

phlegmonoid (fleg'-mon-oid). Resembling phleg- 
mon. 

phlegmonous (fleg'-mon-us) [phlegmon]. Of the 
nature of or pertaining to phlegmon. 

phloem (flo'-em) [<j>\oios, bark]. In botany that 
portion of a fibrovascular bundle which consists of 
bast-tissue and sieve-tissue; leptome. Cf. xylem. 
p.-ray, a plate of phloem-tissue between two medul- 
lary rays, p.-sheath, a layer of thin-walled cells 
surrounding the phloem-tissue; bast-sheath; peri- 
phloem; vascular bundle sheath, p.-tissue, phloem. 

phlogistic (fio-jis'-tik) [<f>\oy«rT6s, burnt]. In- 
flammatory. 

phlogogen, phlogogon (flog'-o-jen, flog'-o-gon) 
[<p\6yoo<ris, inflammation; ytvvav, to produce]. Any 
substance having the property of exciting inflamma- 
tion in a tissue with which it comes in contact; an 
irritant. 

phlogogenic (flog-o-jen'-ik) [see phlogogen]. Caus- 
ing inflammation. 

phlogogenous (flo-goj'-en-us) [0X0765, burning; 
7€j-i7j, producing]. Producing inflammation. 

phlogosin (flog'-o-sin) [<j>\6yo)<ris, inflammation]. 
A crystalline body isolated from cultures of pyogenic 
staphylococci, and causing suppuration when in- 
jected beneath the skin or introduced into the eye. 

phlogosis (flog-o'-sis) [see phlogosin]. 1. Inflam- 
mation. 2. Erysipelas. 

phlogotic (flo-gof-ik) [4>\oy6s, burning]. Pertaining 
to or marked by phlogosis, or inflammation. 

phlogozelotism (flo-go-zef -ot-izm) [<pKoybs, burning; 
%t)Ko\>v, to be eager]. A mania for ascribing to every 
disease an inflammatory origin. 

phloretin (flor-e'-tin) [<f>\oi6s, bark; /Jtfa, root]. 
A product of the treatment of phioridzin by dilute 
acids. Like that of phioridzin, its administration 
in suitable doses is followed by glycosuria or true 
diabetes. 

phioridzin, phlorizin, phlorrhizin (flor-id'-zin, 
flor-i'-zin) [^Xoios, bark; 3ifa. root], C21H24O10 . 2H2O. 
A bitter crystalline glucoside occurring in the root 
and trunk of apple, pear, and other fruit-trees. It is 
said to possess antipyretic properties. Dose 5-10 
gr. (0.32-0.65 Gm.). Given to lower animals it 
produces glycosuria, p.-diabetes, the glycosuria 
induced in lower animals, especially dogs, by the 
administration of phioridzin. 

phloroglucin (flo-ro-gloo'-sin) [<p\oi6s, bark; y\vKvs, 
sweet], C6H3(OH)3. A crystalline substance found 
in the bark of the cherry, pear, apple, and other 
trees, and used as a test for woody tissue (lignin) 
and hydrochloric acid. 

phlorol (flo'-rol) [<j>\ol6s, bark; oleum, oil], CsHioO. 
A phenol found in creosote. 

phlorose (flo'-ros) [<£Xoi6s, bark]. A glucose which 
is probably identical with dextrose. 

phlorrhizin (flor'-iz-in). Synonym of phioridzin. 

phlyctena, phlyctaena (flik-te'-nah) [4>\vKraiva, a 
blister]. A vesicle. 

phlyctenar (flik'-ten-ar) [^XvKTaiva, blister]. Affec- 
ted with phlyctena; pertaining to. phlyctena. 

phlyctenoid (flik'-ten-oid). See phlyctenular. 

phlyctenosis (fiik-ten-o'-sis) [<p\vKTaiva, blister]. 
An eruption characterized by vesicles, p. aggregata, 
an herpetic eruption in which the vesicles are situated 
closely together, p. labialis. Synonym of herpes 



PHLYCTENULA 



680 



PHOSPHATE 



labialis. p. sparsa, a form in which the vesicles are 
few and at considerable distances from each other. 

phlyctenula (flik-ten'-u-lah) [dim. of (jAvKraiva, 
blister]. A little vesicle or blister. 

phlyctenular (flik-ten'-u-lar) [phlyctena]. Re- 
sembling a phlyctenule; characterized by the forma- 
tion of phlyctenules, as phlyctenular conjunctivitis. 

phlyctenule, phlyctenula (fiik-ten'-ul, flik-ten'-u- 
lah) [phlyctena], A minute phlyctena; a little vesicle 
or blister. 

phlysis (fli'-sis) [<j>\v<ris, eruption], i. A phlyc- 
tenule. 2. A whitlow. 

phlyzacion, phlyzacium (fli-za'-se-on, fli-za' -se-um) 
[<t>\v$e.iv, to inflame]. A pustular vesicle on an 
indurated base. p. acutum. See ecthyma. 

phobia (fo'-be-ah) [4>6fios, fear]. Any obsession of 
fear characteristic of insanity. 

phobodipsia Jo-bo-dip' -se-ah) [<t>6fios, fear; Slxpa, 
thirst]. Hydrophobia. 

phobophobia (Jo-bo-fo'-be-ah) [06/3os, fear]. Dread 
of being afraid. 

Phocas' disease {fo-kah') [B. G. Phocas, French 
physician]. Chronic fibrous mastitis, characterized 
by the presence of multiple fibrous nodules in both 
breasts. 

phocomelus (fo-kom'-el-us) U>6>ktj, a seal; p.k\os, 
a limb]. A monster with rudimentary limbs, the 
hands and feet being attached almost directly to 
the trunk. 

phonacoscope (fo-nak'-o-skop) [<t>covri, voice; anoictlv, 
to examine]. An instrument for combined auscul- 
tation and percussion; it increases the intensity of 
the sounds heard. 

phonacoscopy (fo-nak-os'-ko-pe). Examination of 
the chest with a phonoscope. 

phonal (fo'-nal) [<j>uvr], voice]. Pertaining to the 
voice or to sound. 

phonation Jo-na'-shun) [<i>u>vii, voice]. The pro- 
duction of vocal sound or articulate speech. 

phonatory (Jon'-a-to-re) [phonation]. Pertaining 
to phonation. p. band. Same as vocal band. 

phonautogram (Jo-naw'-to-gram) [(pwfi, voice; 
avros, self; ypanfia, inscription]. The diagram of a 
phonautograph. 

phonautograph (fo-naw'-to-graf) [<f>c>>i>ri, voice; 
autograph]. An apparatus for recording auto- 
matically the vibrations of the air produced by the 
voice. 

phone (fon) [<poovf), sound, voice]. A vocal sound. 

phonendoscope Jo-nen' -do-skop) [<t>o>vii, voice; 
ei>8oi>, within; cko-kHv, to view]. A variety of stetho- 
scope which intensifies the auscultatory sounds. 

phonetic Jo-net'-ik) [(pcovrj, voice], i. Pertaining 
to or representing sounds. 2. Pertaining to the voice. 

phonetics (fo-net'-iks). The science dealing with 
the mode of production of sounds. 

phonic (Jon'-ik) [<t>vwh, voice]. Pertaining to the 
voice, p. spasm, a spasm of the laryngeal muscles 
occurring on attempting to speak. 

phonica (Jon' -ik-ah) . Diseases affecting the vocal 
organs. 

phonism (fo'-nizm) [<j>uvri, voice]. A sensation, 
of sound or hearing, due to the effect of sight, touch, 
taste, or smell, or even to the thought of some object, 
person, or general conception. 

phono- (Jo-no-) [<puvv, voice]. A prefix denoting 
relating to the voice or to sound. 

phonocardiogram (fo-no-kar' -de-o-gram) [phono- ; 
KapSla, heart; ypap.ua, a writing]. An instrument 
for registering the sounds of the heart. 

phonocardiography (fo-no-kar-de-og'-ra-fe). Regis- 
tration of the sounds of the heart. 

phonochorda (fo-no-kor'-dah) [phono-; xopSri, cord: 
pi., phonochorda]. A vocal band. 

phonogram Jo' -no-gram) [phono-; ypdppa, a 
writing]. 1. The record of a phonograph. 2. A 
graphic character representing a vocal sound. 

phonograph Jo'-no-graf) [phono-; ypd<petv, to 
record]. An instrument consisting of a wax-coated 
cylinder revolving under a stylus attached to a 
diaphragm. The vibrations of the diaphragm, set 
in motion by the voice, cause the cylinder to be 
indented by the stylus. When the cylinder is again 
revolved, the movement of the stylus upon the cylin- 
der throws the diaphragm into vibration and repro- 
duces the original sounds of the voice. 

phonology Jo-nol'-o-je) [phono-; \6yos, science]. 
The science of vocal sounds; phonetics. 

phonomania (Jo-no-ma' -ne-ah) [<povrj, slaughter; 
p.avia, madness]. Homicidal mania. 



phonomassage (Jo-no-mas-ahzh') [phono-; massage]. 
Action 'upon the tympanum by sound vibrations 
conducted into the auditory canal. 

phonometer (fo-nom' -et-er) [phono-; p.krpov, a 
measure]. An instrument for measuring the in- 
tensity of the voice. 

phonomyoclonus (Jo-no-mi-ok' -lo-nus) [phono-; fivs, 
muscle; k\6vos, tumult]: A condition in which a 
sound is heard on auscultation over a muscle, de- 
noting fibillary contractions; these latter may be so 
fine as to be invisible. 

phononosus (fo-non'-o-sus). Synonym of phono- 
pathy. 

phonopathy Jo-nop' -ath-e) [phono-; iraBos, disease]. 
Any disorder or disease of the voice. 

phonophobia Jo-no Jo' -be-ah) [phono-; <£6/3os, fear]. 
1. A fear of speaking, in paresthesia of the larynx, 
because of the painful sensation produced during 
phonation. 2. Morbid dread of any sound or 
noise. 

phonophore Jo'-nojor) [<j>uvi], sound; <popos, bear- 
ing; pi., phonophori]. An auditory ossicle, viewed 
as a transmitter of sound. See Paladino's phono- 
phore. 

phonopneumomassage Jo-no-nu-mo-mas-ahzj') 

[phono-; irvtvpa, air; massage]. The exercise of 
the muscles, ligaments, and articulating surfaces of 
the inner ear by means of an electric apparatus. 

phonopsia Jo-nop' -se-ah) [phonfi-; 5i/as, vision]. 
The perception of color-sensations by auditory 
sensations. 

phonoscope (fo'-no-skop) [phono-; aKoireiv, to ex- 
amine]. A stethoscope for intensifying the tone in 
auscultation. 

phoria Jo'-re-ah) [<t>opa, motion]. A colloquialism 
used to represent one or more of the terms ortho- 
phoria, heterophoria, exophoria, esophoria, hyper- 
phoria, etc. 

phoro- (fo-ro-) [<j>opa, motion]. A prefix meaning 
motion. 

phoroblast Jor'-o-blast) [tpoptiv, to bear; /SXeurros, 
germ]. Connective tissue. 

phorocyte (for'-o-slt). A connective- tissue cell. 

phorocytosis Jor-o-si-to'-sis). Increase in the 
number of connective-tissue cells. 

phorometer Jor-om' -et-er) [phoro-; pkrpov, a mea- 
sure]. An instrument for measuring the relative 
strength of the ocular muscles. 

phorone (jo'-ron), C9H14O. A substance prepared 
by saturating acetone with HC1 and permitting it 
to stand. 

phoro-optometer Jor-o-op-tom' -et-er) [phoro-; 6ttt6s, 
visible; ukrpov, a measure]. An apparatus for 
optical testing of muscular defects. 

phoroplast (for'-o-plast). Connective tissue. 

phorotorie Jor'-o-ton) [phoro-; tovos, strength]. 
An apparatus for exercising the eye-muscles. 

phose Joz) [0ws, light]. A subjective sensation 
of light or color, as, scotoma scintillans. An aphose 
is a subjective sensation of shadow or darkness, as, 
muscat volitantes. Centraphoses are aphoses originat- 
ing in the optic centers. Centrophoses are phoses 
originating in the optic centers. A chromophose is a 
subjective sensation of color. Peripher aphoses are 
peripheral aphoses. Peripher ophoses are phoses 
originating in the peripheral organs of vision (the 
optic nerve or eyeball). 

phosgen, phosgene Jos'-jen, -jen) [</>«s, light; 
yewav, to produce]. Producing light, p. gas, 
COCI2, carbonyl chloride; a colorless gas formed 
by the action of light on a mixture of carbonic oxide 
and chlorine. 

phosgenic (fos-jen'-ik) . See photogenic. 

phosis Jo-sis'). The formation of a phose. 

phosote {f o' -sot). A syrupy liquid, consisting of 
creosote, 80 %, and phosphoric anhydride, 20%. 
Dose 30 min. (2 Cc.) daily. 

phosphagon (fos' -fag-on). Trade name of an elixir 
of various glycerophosphates. 

phosphate Jos' -fat) [phosphorus]. A salt of phos- 
phoric acid. The phosphates are used in medicine 
as tonics and alteratives in conditions associated 
with malnutrition of the bones (rickets, scrofula). 
p., acid, one in which one or two of the hydrogen 
atoms only have been replaced by metals, p., 
ammoniomagnesium, a double salt of ammonium 
and magnesium and phosphoric acid, p., earthy, 
a phosphate of one of the alkaline earths, p., 
normal, one in which the three hydrogen atoms, or 
the six of two molecules, are substituted by metals, 



PHOSPHATIC 



681 



PHOTOGRAM 



e. g., NasPOi, Ca3(P04)2. p., triple, ammoniomag- 
nesium phosphate. 

phosphatic (Jos-fat'-ik) [phosphate]. Containing 
phosphates; characterized by the excretion of large 
amounts of phosphates, as phosphatic diathesis. 

phosphatid (fos'-fa-tid) [phosphorus]. Any one of 
a large group of phosphorus-compounds found in 
brain-substance, and resembling the phosphates; 
they are esters of orthophosphoric acid. 

phosphatol (Jos'-fat-ol). A thick liquid obtained 
by action of phosphorus trichloride on creosote in 
an alcoholic solution of soda. It contains 90 % of 
creosote; used in tuberculosis. 

phosphatometer (Jos-fa-tom' -et-er) . An instrument 
for estimating the amount of phosphates in the urine. 

phosphatoptosis (fos-fat-o-to'-sis) [phosphate; ittco- 
o-ts, a falling]. Spontaneous precipitation of phos- 
phates in the urine. 

phosphaturia (Jos-fat-u'-re-ah) [phosphate; ovpov, 
urine]. A condition in which an excess of phos- 
phates is passed in the urine 

phosphene (Jos' -fen) [<pus, light; (palveiv, to show]. 
A subjective luminous sensation caused by pressure 
upon the eyeball, p. of accommodation, a phosphene 
produced by the effort of accommodation, p., 
pressure. See phosphene. 

phosphergot (fos-fer'-got). A mixture of sodium 
phosphate and ergot; it is indicated in general 
debility. 

phospherrin (Jos-fer'-in). A mixture said to consist 
of ferric chloride, phosphoric acid, and glycerol. 

phosphide (Jos' -fid) [phosphorus]. A compound 
of phosphorus and another element or radical acting 
as a base. The phosphides are used in medicine as 
substitutes for phosphorus. 

phosphin (Jos' -fin) [phosphorus]. 1. Hydrogen 
phosphide, PH3, a poisonous gas of alliaceous odor. 
2. A substitution-compound of PH3, bearing the 
same relation to it that an amine does to ammonia. 

phosphite (Jos' -fit) [phosphorus]. A salt of phos- 
phorous acid. 

phospho- (Josjo-) [phosphorus]. A prefix meaning 
relating to phosphorus or to its compounds. 

phosphoglyceric acid (fos-fo-glis-e'-rik) [phospho-; 
y\vKvs, sweet], C3H9PO6. A liquid body obtained 
from lecithin. 

phosphoglycoproteids (Jos-fo-gli-ko-pro'-te-ids) . 

The same as nucleoalbumins. 

phosphoguaicol (fos-fo-gwi'-ak-ol). See guaiacol 
phosphite. 

phosphomolybdic acid (Jos-fo-mol-ib' -dik) [phos- 
pho-; molybdenum]. A compound of phosphoric 
acid and molybdenum trioxide, used as a test for 
alkaloids. 

phosphonecrosis, phosphornecrosis (fos-fo-ne-kro'- 
sis, fos-for-ne-kro' -sis) . See necrosis, phosphorus-. 

phosphonium (fos-fo'-ne-um) [phosphorus]. The 
hypothetical univalent radical PHr, it is analogous to 
ammonium, NH4. 

phosphoprotein (fos-fo-pro'-te-in). A conjugated 
protein consisting of a compound of protein with a 
phosphorus-containing substance other than nucleic 
acid or lecithin. 

phosphorated (Jos'-fo-ra-ted) [phosphorus]. Con- 
taining phosphorus, p. oil, a one per cent, solution 
of phosphorus in expressed oil of almonds, with the 
addition of a small quantity of ether. 

phosphorescence (fos-for-es'-ens) [phosphorus]. The 
spontaneous luminosity of phosphorus and other 
substances in the dark. 

phosphorescent (fors-fo-es'-ent) [phosphorus]. Pos- 
sessing the quality of phosphorescence. 

phosphoreted (fos'-for-et-ed) [phosphorus]. Com- 
bined with phosphorus. 

phosphoric acid (Jos-for'-ik). See acid, phosphoric. 

phosphoridrosis, phosphorhidrosis (Jos-for-id-ro'- 
sis) [phospho- ; !6pco<m, sweat]. The secretion of phos- 
phorescent sweat. 

phosphorism (Jos' -for-izm) [phosphorus]. Chronic 
phosphorus-poisoning. 

phosphorized (Jos'-for-lzd) [phosphorus]. Contain- 
ing phosphorus. 

phosphorous acid (Jos Jo' -r us). See acid, phos- 
phorous. 

phosphoruria (Jos-for-u'-re-ah) [phospho-; ovpov, 
urine]. 1. Phosphorescence of the urine. 2. Urine 
containing an excess of phosphates. 

phosphorus (Jos'-for-us) [<pcbt, light; <phpeiv, to bear]. 
A nonmetallic element having a quantivalence of 
III or V, and an atomic weight of 31-04. Symbol P. 



In commerce it is prepared from bone-ash or from 
sombrerite, an impure calcium phosphate found in 
West Indian guano. Phosphorus may be obtained 
in several alio tropic forms. Ordinary phosphorus 
is a yellowish-white, waxy solid, of a specific gravity 
of 1.837; it is exceedingly poisonous; it causes a wide- 
spread fatty degeneration, most marked in the liver. 
Red or amorphous phosphorus is a dark-red powder, 
having a specific gravity of 2.11, insoluble in carbon 
disulphide, noninflammable, nonluminous, non- 
poisonous. Metallic or rhombohedral phosphorus is 
an allotropic form produced by heating phosphorus 
in a sealed tube with melted lead. Its specific 
gravity is 2.34. Medicinally, phosphorus is used as 
an alterative in osteomalacia and in rickets, in sexual 
impotence, threatened cerebral degeneration, neural- 
gia, chronic alcoholism, morphinomania, furunculosis, 
etc. Dose r J w gr. (0.00065 Gm.). p., pills of (pilulce 
phosphori, U. S. P.). Dose 1 pill. p. trichloride, 
PCI3, a colorless liquid of unpleasant odor. 

phosphotal Jos'-fo-tal). Creosote phosphite. See 
phosphatol. 

phosphotungstic acid (Josjo-tung'-stik). A crystal- 
line compound of phosphoric and tungstic acids, 
used as a test for alkaloids and peptones. 

phosphuret (fos'-fu-ret) [phosphorus]. A phosphide. 

phosphureted, phosphuretted (Jos'-fu-ret-ed). Syn- 
onym of phosphoreted. 

phosphuria (Jos-fu'-re-ah). Synonym of phos- 
phaturia. 

phossy jaw (Jos'-e) . See jaw, phossy. 

photalgia (Jo-tal'-je-ah) [photo-; 0X705, pain]. 
Pain arising from too great intensity of light. 

photaugiophobia (fo-taw-je-o-fo'-be-ah) [photo-; 
avyij, glare; <j>o(i6s, fear]. A shrinking from the 
glare of light. 

phote (Jot) [photo-]. The unit of photochemical 
energy employed in connection with determination of 
the solidity of colors to average solar light at noon. 

photesthesia, photaesthesia (Jo-tes-the'-ze-ah) 
[photo-; aio-drio-Ls, sensation]. 1. Sensitiveness to 
light. 2. Photophobia. 

photic (Jo'-tik) [photo-]. Relating to light. 

photism (Jo'-tizm) [<poiTLo-fi6s, an enlightening]. 
A sensation, as of color or light, produced by hearing, 
taste, smell, touch, or temperature, or even by the 
thought of some object, person, or general conception. 
Cf. phonism. 

photo- (Jo-to-) [4>u>s, light]. A prefix denoting 
relation to light. 

photoactinic (fo-to-ak-tin'-ik). Emitting both 
luminous and actinic rays. 

photobacterium (Jo-to-bak-te'-re-um). A genus or 
form of bacteria whose cultures are phosphorescent. 

photobiotic (Jo-to-bi-of -ik) [photo-; (Uos, life]. 
Living in the light exclusively. 

photocampsis (Jo-to-kamp'-sis) [photo-; Kap\pvs, 
a bending]. Refraction of light. 

photochemical (Jo-to-kem'-ik-al) [photo-; chemical]. 
Pertaining to the chemical action of light. 

photochemistry (Jo-to-kem'-is-tre). That branch 
of chemistry treating of the chemical action of light. 

photochromatic (Jo-to-kro-mat'-ik) [photo-; xp&na-. 
color]. Pertaining to colored light, p. treatment, 
treatment of disease by colored light. 

photodynamic (Jo-to-di-nam' -ik) [photo-; Svvafas, 
power]. Pertaining to the energy of light. 

photodysphoria (Jo-to-dis-fo'-re-ah) [photo-; Sva- 
<j>opia, excessive pain]. Intolerance of light; photo- 
phobia. 

photoelectricity (Jo-to-e-lek-tris'-it-e). Electricity 
produced under the influence of light. 

photoelement (fo-to-el' -e-ment) . The element of 
a galvanic battery which by decomposition gives 
photoelectricity. 

photofluoroscope (Jo-to-floo'-o-ro-skdp). See fluoro- 
scope. 

photogene (Jo'-lo-jen) [photo-; yewav, to produce]. 
1. A retinal impression; an after-image. 2. A 
liquid derived from bituminous shale. 

photogenesis (Jo-to-jen'-e-sis) [photo-; yewav, to 
produce]. The production of light or of phosphores- 
cence. 

photogenic (Jo-to- j en' -ik) [see photogene]. Light- 
producing. 

photogenous (Jo-toj'-en-us) [photo-; yev-fis, pro- 
ducing]. Producing light. 

photogram (fo'-to-gram) [photo-; ypap.p,a, a writing]. 
A photographic representation of an enlargement 
obtained by the microscope. 



PHOTOGRAPHY 



682 



PHRENOGRAPH 



photography (fo-tog'-ra-fe) [photo-; yptupeiv, to 
write]. The art of producing an image of an object 
(photograph) by throwing the rays of light reflected 
from it upon a surface coated with a film of a sub- 
stance, such as a silver salt, that is readily decomposed 
by light, subsequently treating the film with certain 
agents (developers) that bring out the image, and 
then dissolving the salt unacted upon by the light. 

photohemotachometer, photohaemotachometer (fo- 
to-hem-o-tak-om'-et-er) [photo-; alp.a, blood; rdxos, 
swiftness; p.krpov, a measure]. A hemotachometer in 
which the changes in level of the column of blood 
are photographed. 

photokinetic (fcto-kin-et'-ik) [photo-; kivvtlkos, 
causing movement]. Causing movement by means 
of light. 

photolysis (fo-tol'-is-is) [photolyte]. Decomposition 
by the action of light. 

photolyte (fo' -to-lit) [photo-; \veiv, to loosen]. 
A substance that is decomposed by the action of 
light. 

photomagnetism (Jo-to-mag'-net-izm) [photo-; mag- 
netism]. Magnetism produced by the action of 
light. 

photomania (fo-to-ma'-ne-ah) [photo-; navLa, mad- 
ness], i. The increase of maniacal symptoms under 
the influence of light. 2. A morbid desire for light. 

photometer (fo-tom'-et-er) [photo-; p.krpov, a mea- 
sure]. An instrument for measuring the intensity of 
light. 

photometry (fo-tom'-et-re) [see photometer]. The 
measurement of the intensity of light. 

photomicrograph (fo-to-mi'-kro-graf). A photo- 
graph of a small or microscopic object, usually made 
with the aid of a microscope, and of sufficient size 
for observation with the naked eye. Cf. micro- 
photograph. 

photomicrography (fo-to-mi-krog'-ra-fe) [photomi- 
crograph]. The art of producing photomicrographs. 

photonosus ( f o-ton' -o-sus) [photo-; vboos, disease]. 
A diseased condition arising from continued exposure 
to intense or glaring light, e. g., snow-blindness, etc. 

photoparesthesia (fo-to-par-es-the'-ze-ah) [photo- ; 
irapd, beside; al<r9r)cns, sensation]. Defective, or 
perverted, retinal sensibility. 

photophilic (fo-to-fil'-ik) [photo-; <pi\eli>, to love]. 
Seeking or loving light. 

photophobia (fo-to-fo'-be-ah) [photo-; <£6/3os, fear]. 
Intolerance of light. 

photophobic (fo-to-fo'-bik) [photo-; <f>60os, fear]. 
Affected with, or pertaining to, photophobia. 

photophone (fo'-to-fon) [photo-; (pwvrj, sound]. 
An apparatus for the graphic representation of the 
character of sound-waves by means of flames. 

photophore (fo'-to-for) [photo-; <pepeu>, to bear]. 
An instrument for examination of the cavities of the 
body by means of the electric light. 

photopsia (jo-top' -se-ah) [photo-; 6^is, sight]. 
Subjective sensations of sparks or flashes of light 
occurring in certain morbid conditions of the optic 
nerve, the retina, or the brain. 

photoptic (fo-top'-tik) [photopsia]. Relating to 
photopsia. 

photoptometer (fo-top-tom'-et-er) [photo-; &\p, eye; 
p-erpoy, a measure]. An instrument for determining 
visual acuity. 

photoptometry (fo-top-tom'-et-re) [photo-; W, eye; 
fjtkrpov, measure]. The measurement of the per- 
ception of light. 

photoradiometer (fo-to-ra-de-om'-et-er). An instru- 
ment for the measurement of the quantity of X-rays 
passing through a given surface. 

photoscope (fo-to'-skop) [photo-; anoirelv, to view]. 
1. A fluoroscopy 2. An instrument used in in- 
specting the antrum of Highmore as regards the 
translucency of its walls. 

photoscopy (fo-tos'-ko-pe) [photo-; tricoireZv, to view]. 
The same as skiascopy. 

photoskioptic (fo-to-ski-op'-tik) [photo-; aula, shad- 
ow; otttikos, pertaining to sight]. Skiagraphic. 

photosyntax (fo-to-sin'-taks) [photo-; awTaaaeZv, 
to arrange]. The process of the manufacture of 
carbohydrates by plants. 

photosynthesis (fo-to-sin' -thesis) [photo-; obvQtavs, 
putting together]. The building up of an organic 
compound by the action of light through the agency 
of chlorophyll, considered to be due to a soluble 
ferment, the chlorophyll acting simply as a chemical 
screen or sensibilizer. 

phototachometer (fo-to-tak-om'-et-ur) [photo- ; raxos. 



speed; pkrpov, measure]. An apparatus for deter- 
mining the velocity of light rays. 

phototactic (fo-to-tak'-tik). Pertaining to photo- 
taxis. 

phototaxis (fo-to-taks'-is) [photo-; rd£is, arrange- 
ment]. Same as phototropism. See tropism. 

phototherapy (fo-to-ther'-ap-e) [photo-; Oepairela, 
treatment]. 1. The treatment of disease by light. 
2. Finsen's light-treatment: the treatment of skin 
diseases by the application of the concentrated chem- 
ic rays (blue, violet, and ultraviolet) of light. 3. 
The treatment of smallpox by red light. 

phototonus (fo-tot'-o-nus) [photo-; tow, tension]. 
In biology, a condition of increased vital irritability 
or motility due to exposure to light, in contrast 
with the rigidity or quiescence produced by dark- 
ness. 

phototropism (fo-tot'-ro-pizm) [photo-; rpdiros, a 
turning]. See tropism. 

photoxylin, photoxylon (fo-toks'-il-in, fo-toks' -il-on) 
[photo-; £b\ov, wood]. A substance produced from 
wood-pulp by the action of sulphuric acid and 
potassium nitrate. It serves as a substitute for 
collodion in minor surgery, and as a medium for 
mounting microscopic specimens. 

photuria (fo-tu'-re-ah) [photo-; ovpov, urine]. The 
passage of phosphorescent urine. 

Phragmidiothrix (frag-mid'-i-o-thriks) [<ppay^6s, 
a fence; 0pi'£, hair]. A genus of bacteria belonging 
to the Chlamidobacteriacece ; filaments unbranched; 
divisions in three directions; sheath scarcely visible. 
Cf. leptothrix; cladothrix; crenothrix. 

phren (fren) [<ppi)v, the mind, also the diaphragm]. 
1. The diaphragm. 2. Mind. 

phrenalgia (fren-al'-je-ah) [phren; &\yos, pain]. 
1. Melancholia; psychalgia. 2. Neuralgia of the 
diaphragm. 

phrenasthenia (fren-as-the'-ne-ah) [phreno-; &ade- 
veia, weakness]. 1. Paresis of the diaphragm. 2. Con- 
genital mental weakness. 

phrenasthenic (fr en-as-then' -ik). 1. Relating to 
phrenasthenia; idiotic, imbecile. 2. A feeble-minded 
person. 

phrenasthesia (fren-as-the'-ze-ah). Idiocy. 

phrenatrophia (fren-at-ro'-fe-ah) [phreno-; atrophy]. 
Atrophy of the brain; idiocy. 

phrenauxe (fren-awks'-e) [phren; aii^r}, enlarge- 
ment]. Hypertrophy of the substance of the brain. 

phrenesiac (fren-e'-ze-ak) [phreno-]. One who is 
affected with phrenesis; an insane person! 

phrenesis (fren-e'-sis) [4>pkvr)<ns, insanity]. Frenzy; 
delirium; insanity. 

phrenetic (fren-et'-ik) [phren]. Maniacal; delirious. 

phrenic (fren'-ik) [phren]. 1. Pertaining to the 
diaphragm, as phrenic nerve, phrenic artery. 2. Per- 
taining to the mind. 

phrenicocolic (fren-ik-o-kol'-ik). Same as phreno- 
colic. 

phrenicogastric (fren-ik-o-gas'-trik). Same as 
phrenogastric. 

phrenicosplenic (fren-ik-o-splen'-ik). Same as 
phrenosplenic. 

phrenicotomy (fren-ik-ot'-o-me) [phren; tow, a 
cutting]. Section of a phrenic nerve. 

phrenitic ( fr en-it' -ik). Pertaining to, or affected 
with phrenitis. 2. Relating to the mind. 

phrenitis (fren-i'-tis) [phren; ins, inflammation]. 
1. Inflammation of the brain. 2. Inflammation of 
the diaphragm. 3. Acute delirium. 

phreno- (phren-o-). [phren]. A prefix meaning 
relating either to the mind or to the diaphragm. 

phrenoblabia (fren-o-bla'-be-ah) [phreno-; (tXafiri, 
hurt]. Any disorder of the mind. 

phrenocolic (fren-o-kol'-ik) [phreno-; colon]. Per- 
taining to the diaphragm and the colon. 

phrenocolopexy (fren-o-ko'-lo-peks-e) [phreno- ; 
colon; Trials, fixation]. The operation of suturing a 
prolapsed or displaced colon to the diaphragm. 

phrenocostal (fren-o-kos'-tal) [phreno-; costa, rib]. 
Pertaining to the diaphragm and the ribs. 

phrenogastric (fren-o-gas'-trik) [phreno-; yaarr/p, 
stomach]. Pertaining conjointly to the stomach and 
the diaphragm. 

phrenoglottic (fren-o-glol'-ik). Pertaining to the 
diaphragm and the glottis. 

phrenoglottismus (fren-o-glot-iz'-mus). Spasm of 
the glottis ascribed to disease of the diaphragm. 

phrenograph (fren'-o-graf) [phreno-; ypafaiv, to 
write]. An instrument for registering the move- 
ments of the diaphragm. 



PHRENOHEPATIC 



683 



PHYSIC 



phrenohepatic (fren-o-hep-at'-ik) [phreno-; rfirap, 
liver]. Pertaining to the diaphragm and the liver. 

phrenolepsia (fren-o-lep'-se-ah) [phreno-; X^r/as, 
seizure]. Insanity. 

phrenologist (fren-ol'-o-jist). One versed in 
phrenology. 

phrenology (fren-ol'-o-je) [phreno-; Xoyos, science]. 
The theory that the various faculties of the mind 
occupy distinct and separate areas in the brain- 
cortex, and that the predominance of certain facul- 
ties can be predicted from modifications of the parts 
of the skull overlying the areas where these faculties 
are located. 

phrenoparalysis (fren-o-par-al'-is-is). See phreno- 
plegia. 

phrenopath (Jren'-o-path) [phreno-; iraBos, disease]. 
One who devotes himself to phrenopathy; an alienist. 

phrenopathy (Jr en-op' -ath-e) [phreno-; waBos, dis- 
ease]. Mental disease. 

phrenoplegia (fren-o-ple'-je-ah) [phreno-; -rr\r)yn, 
stroke], i. A sudden failure of mental power. 
2. Paralysis of the diaphragm. 

phrenoptosis (fren-op-to' -sis) [phreno-; tttoxtis, 
falling]. Prolapse of the diaphragm. 

phrenosin (fren'-o-sin) [phren], A nitrogenous 
body obtained from brain tissue. 

phrenosplenic (fren-o-splen'-ik) [phreno-; spleen]. 
Pertaining to the diaphragm and the spleen. 

phricasmus (frik-az'-mus) [<ppUrj, shivering]. Goose- 
skin. 

phronemophobia (fron-e-mo-fo'-be-ah) [<pp6vqp.a, a 
thought; 060os, fear]. Morbid dread of thinking. 

phronesis (fron-e'-sis) [<ppoveZi>, to think]. Sound- 
ness of mind, or of judgment. 

phrynin (frin'-in). A substance from the skin of 
the toad. See bufidine. 

phrynolysin (Jrin-oV -is-iri) [<f>pwr], a toad; Xwm, 
a solution]. The lysin or toxin of the fire toad, 
Bombinator igneus; it is hemolytic for the blood of 
various animals, and is destroyed by digestive 
ferments, by alkalies or by heating to 50 C. 

phthalate {thai' -at). Any salt of phthalic acid. 

phthalic acid (thal'-ik) [from naphthalene], CsHeO^ 
A crystalline substance derived from naphthalene. 

phtheiriasis, phthiriasis (thi-ri'-as-is). See pedicu- 
losis. 

phthinoid (thi'-noid) [phthisis; elSos, likeness]. 
Having tuberculous characteristics. 

phthiremia, phthirsemia (thi-re'-me-ah) [(frdeLpeiv, 
to corrupt; alp.a, blood]. A depraved state of the 
blood, with diminished plasticity. 

Phthirius (thi'-re-us) [<t>0elp, a louse]. A genus of 
Pediculidce or true lice. P. inguinalis, pediculus 
pubis. 

phthisic (tiz'-ik) [phthisis]. 1. Affected with or of 
the nature of phthisis. 2. A person affected with 
phthisis. 

phthisical (iiz-ik'-al) [<pdiais, a wasting]. 1. Per- 
taining to or affected with phthisis or tuberculosis. 
2. Popularly, same as asthmatic, p. frame, p. 
habit, a long, narrow flat chest, with depressed 
sternum, acute costal angle, a fair, transparent skin, 
light complexion, blue eyes, winged scapulae, slender 
limbs. As to internal organs, the heart is relatively 
small, the arteries narrow, the pulmonary artery 
relatively wider than the aorta, and the lung-volume 
rather large. 

phthisin (tiz'-in). A proprietary preparation of 
the bronchial glands of animals; used in diseases of 
the lungs. 

phthisiogenesis (tiz-e-o-jen'-es-is) [<t>6l<ns, wasting; 
ykvtffis, genesis]. The production of phthisis or 
wasting. 

phthisiology (tiz-e-ol'-o-je) [phthisis; Xoyos, sci- 
ence]. The study or science of phthisis or tubercu- 
losis; its causes, pathology, hygiene, and therapeutics. 

phthisiophobia (liz-e-o-fo' -be-ah) [phthisis; <£6/Sos, 
dread]. Morbids dread of pulmonary consumption 
or tuberculosis. 

phthisiotherapy (tiz-e-o-ther'-ap-e) [phthisis; Oepa- 
ireia, therapy]. Therapeutic measures for the cure 
of pulmonary tuberculosis. 

phthisis (ti'-sis or thi'-sis) [4>BUiv, to waste], r. A 
wasting away or consumption. 2. Any disease 
characterized by emaciation and loss of strength, 
especially pulmonary tuberculosis. 3- Asthma, p. 
bulbi, shrinking of the eyeball, p., fibroid. 1. In- 
terstitial pneumonia. 2. Chronic tuberculosis of 
the lungs attended with the formation of fibrous 
tissue, which contracts, causes shrinking of the 



affected part, and sometimes bronchiectasis by trac- 
tion on the bronchi, p. florida, an acute, rapidly 
fatal pulmonary tuberculosis. Syn., galloping con- 
sumption, p., glandular, tuberculosis of the lymph- 
atic glands, p., hepatic, tuberculosis of the liver. 
p., laryngeal, tuberculosis of the larynx, p., nodosa, 
miliary tuberculosis of the lungs, p. pancreatica, 
emaciation and cachexia from disease of the pancreas. 
p., phlegmatic, phthisis without loss of flesh, p., 
pulmonary. 1. Tuberculosis of the lung. 2. Any 
one of a variety of interstitial pneumonias, such as 
grinder's phthisis, miner's phthisis, stone-cutter's 
phthisis, etc. p., tuberculous, that due to the bacillus 
of tuberculosis, p. ventriculi, atrophy of the mucous 
membrane and thinning of the coats of the stomach. 

phthisopyrin (tiz-o-pi'-rin). A proprietary remedy 
consisting of sodium arsenate, aspirin, and camphoric 
acid, used in the treatment of tuberculosis. 

phthora (tho'-rah) [<pdopa, decomposition]. 1. Cor- 
ruption. 2. Synonym of the plague. 3. Abortion. 

phycochrome (fi'-ko-krom) [<pvx.os, seaweed; xp<*>Ma, 
color]. The complex blue-green pigment that masks 
the pure green of the chlorophyl in certain Algae, 
{Cyanophycece). It is composed of phycocyanin, 
scytonemin, etc. 

phycocyanin (fi-ko-si'-an-in) [<j>vkos, seaweed; Kvavbs, 
blue]. In biology, a beautiful blue pigment, charac- 
teristic of the Cyanophycece among Alga. 

Phycomycetes (fi-ko-mi-se'-tez) [<j>vkos, seaweed; 
p.vkt)s, fungus]. An order of fungi, with a one-celled 
thallus which becomes septate only during sporula- 
tion. 

phygogalactic (fi-go-gal-ak'-tik) [<pvyelv, to avoid; 
yaXa, milk], i. Stopping the secretion of milk. 
2. An agent that checks the secretion of milk. 

phylacogen (fi-lak'-o-jen) [<£6Xa£, a guard]. Trade 
name of a modified vaccine. 

phylaxin (fi-laks'-in) [<pv\a£, a guardian]. A 
defensive proteid found in animals that have acquired 
an artificial immunity to a given infectious disease. 
The phylaxins are of two varieties: one having the 
power to destroy pathogenic microorganisms, called 
mycophylaxin ; one that counteracts the poisons of 
the microorganisms, called toxophylaxin. 

phyletic (fi-let'-ik) [<pv\oi>, a tribe]. Pertaining to 
phylogenesis. 

phylogenesis, phylogeny (fi-lo-gen'-es-is, fi-loj'-en-e) 
[<pv\ov, a tribe; yevvav, to beget]. The evolution 
of a group or species of animals or plants from the 
simplest form; the evolution of the species, as dis- 
tinguished from ontogeny, the evolution of the indi- 
vidual. 

phylogenetic (fi-lo-jen-et'-ik) [phylogenesis]. Per- 
taining to phylogenesis. 

phylum (fi'-lum) [<f>y\oi', a tribe; pi., phyla]. In 
biology, a primary division of the animal or vegetable 
kingdom. 

phyma (fi'-mah) [<pvp.a, a growth]. 1. Formerly, 
any one of a variety of swellings of the skin. 2. A 
localized plastic exudate larger than a tubercle; a 
circumscribed swelling of the skin. 

phymatiasis (fi-mat-i'-as-is). Same as tuberculosis. 

phymatoid (fi'-mat-oid) [phyma; tldos, like]. Re- 
sembling a phyma or tubercle. 

phymatorhusin (fi-mat-or-oo'-sin) . A pigment found 
in the metastatic deposits of a melanotic sarcoma of 
the skin. It contains sulphur, is insoluble in alcohol, 
in water, and in ether, but dissolves readily in am- 
monia, and in alkaline carbonates. It is free from 
iron. 

phymatosis (fi-mat-o'-sis) [phyma]. 1. Any disease 
characterized by the formation of phymata or 
nodules. 2. Tuberculosis. 

phyraliphore (fi-ral'-if-or). A cavity containing 
vesicles produced in endogenous cell-formation. 

physalides (fis-al'-id-ez). Plural of physalis. 

physaliphorous (fis-al-if'-or-us) [<pvaa\\ls, a bladder; 
<t>epeiv, to bear]. Furnished with vesicles or bladders; 
relating to or containing physaliphores. 

physalis (fis'-al-is) fauo-aXXis, a bladder]. A large 
giant epithelial cell of giant-cell carcinoma. 

physconia (fis-ko'-ne-ah) [<}>v<tkwv, paunch]. Any 
abdominal enlargement, especially from tympanites. 
p. adiposa, corpulency, p. aquosa, ascites, p. 
biliosa, distention of the gall-bladder, p. mesenten- 
ca. Synonym of tabes mesenterica. 

physiatrics (fiz-e-af -riks) [<j>vcris, nature; larpela, 
treatment]. The power of nature in curing disease: 
vis medicatrix naturae. 

physic (fiz'-ik) [<j>0<ns, nature]. 1. The science of 



PHYSICAL 



684 



PHYTOSTERIN 



medicine. 2. A medicine, especially a cathartic. 
3. To administer medicines; also to purge. 

physical (fiz'-ik-al) [see physic]. 1. Pertaining to 
nature; also pertaining to the body or material things. 
2. Pertaining to physics, p. diagnosis, the investi- 
gation of disease by direct aid of the senses, sight, 
touch, and hearing, p. examination, examination of 
the patient's body to determine the condition of the 
various organs and parts, p. signs, the phenomena 
observed on inspection, palpation, percussion, aus- 
cultation, mensuration, or combinations of these 
methods. . 

physician (fiz-ish'-an) [<pv<ns, nature]. One who 
practises medicine. 

physicist (fiz'-is-ist). 1. One skilled in physics. 
2. One who holds that vital phenomena are purely 
physical and chemical. 

Physick's encysted rectum (fiz'-ik) [Philip Syng 
Physick, American surgeon, 1768-1837]. Hyper- 
trophic dilatation of the rectal pouches. 

physicochemical (fiz-ik-o-kem' -ik-al) [<j>vais, nature; 
chemic]. Pertaining to both physics and chemistry. 

physics (fiz'-iks) fauo-is, nature]. The science of 
nature, especially that treating of the properties of 
matter and of the forces governing it. 

physinosis (fiz-in-o'-sis) [<j>v(ns, nature; voa-os, 
disease]. Any disease due to physical causes. 

physiobathmism (fiz-e-o-bath'-mizm) . Inherited 
growth-energy which has been interfered with by 
physical energy. 

physiognomy (fiz-e-og'-no-me) fawns, nature; yvus^-q, 
knowledge]. 1. The science treating of the methods 
of determining character by a study of the face. 
2. The countenance. 

physiologic, physiological (fiz-e-o-loj'-ik, -al) [physi- 
ology]. 1. Pertaining to physiology. 2. Pertaining 
to natural or normal processes, as opposed to those 
that are pathological, p. antidote, an antidote that 
neutralizes a poison by effects on the system that 
are antagonistic to those of the poison, p. unit. 
See unit, physiological. 

physiologist (fiz-e-ol'-o-jist) [physiology]. One 
versed in physiology. 

physiology (fiz-e-ol'-o-je) [<j>v(tls, nature; X670J, 
science]. The science that treats of the functions of 
organic beings, as distinguished from morphology, 
etc. p., animal, the physiology of animals, p., 
cellular, the physiology of cells, p., comparative, 
the comparative study of the physiology of different 
animals and plants, p., morbid, the study of diseased 
functions or of functions modified by disease. p., 
pathogenetic, p., pathological, pathology, p., special, 
the physiology of special organs, p. vegetable, 
the physiology of plants. 

physiolysis (fiz-e-oV -is-is) fawns, nature; Xueii', to 
dissolve]. The disintegration of dead tissue by 
natural processes. 

physiomedicalism (fiz-e-o-med'-ik-al-izm) fawns, 
nature; medicari, to heal]. The professed use of 
natural remedies only, poisons and minerals being 
rejected. 

physiopathology (fiz-e-o-path-ol'-o-je). The study 
of function as affected by disease. 

physiotherapy (fiz-e-o-ther'-ap-e). See physiatrics, 
physiautotherapia. 

physique (fiz-ek') [Fr.]. Physical structure or 
organization. 

physocele (fi'-so-sel) fawra, air; K17X77, tumor]. 
1. A swelling containing air or gas. 2. Emphysema 
of the scrotum ; a hernia filled with flatus. 

physocephalus (fi-so-sef -al-us) [(pvaa, air; Ke<pa\r], 
head]. Emphysematous swelling of the head. 

physohematometra (fi-so-hem-at-o-me'-trah) [<pv<ra, 
air; alp-a, blood; mrpo., uterus]. An accumulation of 
gas, or air, and blood in the uterus, as in decomposi- 
tion of retained menses, or placental tissue. 

physohydrometra (fi-so-hi-dro-me'-trah) fawra, air; 
hydrometra]. An accumulation of gas and water in 
the uterus. 

physometra {fi-so-me'-trah) [<pvaa, air; unrpa, 
uterus]. A distention of the uterus with gas. 

physoncus (fi-song'-kus) [<pvaa, air; oynos, tumor]. 
A swelling due to the presence of air. 

physoscheocele (fi-sos' -ke-o-sel) [<pvcra, air; <t>ox*ov, 
scrotum; idfk-q, tumor]. Emphysema of the scrotum. 

physospasmus (fi-so-spaz'-mus) [<pvaa, air, flatus; 
airao-fxos, spasm]. Flatulent colic. 

physostigma (fi-so-stig'-mah) fawra, air; stigma]. 
Calabar bean; ordeal-nut. The seed of Physostigma 
venenosum, of the natural order Leguminosce, which is 



used by the natives of Africa as an ordeal poison. 
It contains two alkaloids — eserine or physostigmine 
and calabarine. It acts as general depressant, pro- 
ducing motor paralysis, and in poisonous doses caus- 
ing death by paralysis of the respiration. It is a 
miotic, and in small doses stimulates the heart and 
intestinal peristalsis. In medicine it is employed as 
a motor depressant in tetanus and other spasms; as 
a stimulant in intestinal atony and dilatation, in asthma 
and emphysema, p., extract of (extr actum physos- 
tigmatis, U. S. P., B. P.). Dose |-J gr. (0.008-0.016 
Gm.)., p. tincture of (tinctura physostigmatis, U. S. 
P.). Dose 5-20 min. (0.32-1.3 Cc). 

physostigmine (fi-so-stig' -men) [physostigma], C15- 
H21N3O2. An alkaloid found in the seed of Physostig- 
ma venenosum, Calabar bean. It is used in traumatic 
tetanus, tonic convulsions, strychnine poisoning, 
neuralgia, muscular rheumatism; chronic bronchitis, 
etc. Dose tj^o-B(T gr- (0.0003-0.001 Gm.); maximum 
dose -gs gr. (0.001 Gm.), single. Syn., eserine. p. 
salicylate (physostigmince salicylas, U. S. P.), eserine 
salicylate, is used internally in doses of -^ gr. (0.0008 
Gm.), but its chief use is for instillation into the eye 
as a miotic in conditions of mydriasis, and to lessen 
intraocular tension in glaucoma. It is used in these 
conditions in solution of the strength of from one to 
two grains to the ounce, p. sulphate (physostigmince 
sulphas, U. S. P.), eserine sulphate, is used in the 
same manner as the salicylate. ' 

physostol (fi-sos'-tol). A one per cent, sterilized 
solution of physostigmine in olive oil, sold in sealed 
tubes containing five grammes. 

phytalbumose (fi-taV -bu-mos) [(pvrbv, a plant; 
albumose], A vegetable albumose. 

phytin (fi'-tin). The potassium magnesium salt 
of inosit-phosphoric acid. It is found in a phosphorus 
compound contained in the seeds of plants. 

phyto- (fi-to-) [<t>vTbv, a plant]. A prefix signifying 
relations to plants. 

phytobezoar (fi-to-be'-zor) [phyto-; bezoar]. A hair- 
ball or ball of vegetable fiber sometimes found in the 
stomach. 

phytochemistry (fi-to-kem'-is-tre) [phyto-; chemistry]. 
Vegetable chemistry. 

phytogenesis ( fi-to- j en' -es-is) [phyto-; genesis]. 
The science of the origin and development of plants. 

phytogenetic (fi-to-jen-et'-ik). Pertaining to phy- 
togenesis. 

phytogenous (fi-toj'-en-us) [see phytogenesis]. Pro- 
duced by plants. 

phytogeny (fi-toj'-en-e). Same as phytogenesis. 

phytoid (fi'-toid) [phyto-; etSos, like]. Plant-like; 
e. g., certain animals and organs. 

Phytolacca (fi-to-lak'-ah) [phyto-; lacca, lac]. The 
dried root of P. decandra, a plant of the natural order 
Phytolaccacece. It is emetocathartic and slightly 
narcotic, and has been used in rheumatism and locally 
in granular conjunctivitis and parasitic skin diseases. 
Dose 10-30 gr. (0.65-1.9 Gm.). p. fluid-extract of 
(fiuidextr actum phytolaccce, TJ. S. P.). Dose 5-30 min. 
(0.32-1.9 Cc). 

phytolaccin (fi-to-lak'-sin) [phyto-; lacca, lac]. A 
resinoid, or the precipitate from a tincture of the root 
of Phytolacca decandra. It is alterative, anti-syphil- 
itic, laxative, etc. Dose 1 to 3 grains. 

phytolin (fi'-tol-in). A proprietary liquid said to 
be prepared from berries of Phytolacca decandra, used 
in obesity. 

phytomelin (fi-tom'-el-in). See rutin. 

phytoparasite (fi-to-par' -as-it) [phyto-; parasite]. A 
vegetable parasite. 

phytopathogenic (fi-to-path-o-jen'-ik) [phyto-; irados, 
disease; yewav, to produce]. Causing disease, in 
plants. 

phytopathology (fi-to-path-ol'-o-je) (phyto-; path- 
ology]. 1. The science of diseases of plants. 2. The 
science of diseases due to vegetable organisms. 

phytoplasm (fi'-to-plazm) [phyto-; plasma]. Vege- 
table protoplasm. 

phytoprecipitin (fi-to-pre-sip' -it-in) . A precipitin 
produced by immunization with albumin of vegetable 
origin. 

phytosis (fi-to' -sis) [phyto-; voaos, disease: pi., 
phytoses]. 1. Any disease due to the presence of 
vegetable parasites. 2. The production of disease by 
vegetable parasites. 3- The presence of vegetable 
parasites. 

phytosterin (fi-tos'-ier-in) [phyto-; areap, fat]. A 
fat-like substance, similar to cholesterin, present in 
plant-seeds and sprouts. 



PHYTOSYNTAX 



685 



PIGMENT 



phytosyntax (fi-to-sin'-taks) [phyto-; avvrdaaeiv, to 
put together]. A term designating the process of 
formation of complex carbon compounds out of 
simple ones under the influence of light. Cf. photo- 
synthesis. 

phytotoxin (fi-to-toks'-in) [phyto-; toxin]. A toxin 
derived from a plant, such as abrin, ricin and crotin. 

phytovitellin (fi-to-vit-el'-in) [phyto-; vitellus, yolk]. 
A vegetable albumin resembling vitellin. 

phytoxylin (fi-toks'-il-in) [phyto-; £u\ov, wood]. A 
substance resembling pyroxylin. 

phytozoon (fi-to-zo'-on) [phyto-; $a>ov, animal]. 
A plant-like animal; a zoophyte. 

pia, pia mater (pi-a ma'-ter) [L., "kind or tender 
mother"]. The vascular membrane enveloping the 
surface of the brain and spinal cord, and consisting of 
a plexus of blood-vessels held in a fine areolar tissue. 
p. m. encephali, the pia mater of the brain, p. m. 
spinalis, the pia mater of the spinal cord. 

pia-arachnitis (pi-ah-ar-ak-ni'-tis). See piarach- 
nitis. 

pia-arachnoid (pi-ah-ar-ak'-noid). See piarachnoid. 

pial (pi'-al) [pia]. Pertaining to the pia. 

pialyn (pi'-al-in) [iriap, fat; \veiv, to split up, or 
decompose]. See steapsin. 

piamatral (pi'-ah-md'-tral). See pial. 

pian (pi' -an). See frambesia. 

piano-player's cramp. A painful spasm of the 
muscles occurring in piano-players as the result of 
overuse of the muscles in playing; a form of occupation 
neurosis. 

piarachnitis (pi-ah-rak-ni'-tis) [piarachnoid; ms, 
inflammation]. Inflammation of the piarachnoid. 
Syn., leptomeningitis. 

piarchnoid (pi-ah-rak'-noid) [pia; arachnoid]. The 
pia and arachnoid considered as one structure. 

piarolytic (pi-ar-o-lit'-ik) [wiap, fat; Xdtikos, dis- 
solving]. Forming emulsions with fat. 

piarrhemia, piarrhcemia (pi-ar-e'-me-ah) [map, fat; 
alfia, blood]. See lipemia. 

Piazza's fluid (pe-az'-ah). Sodium chloride and 
ferric chloride, each, i Gm.; water, 4 Cc. It is used 
as a means of coagulating blood. 

pica (pi'-kah) [L., "magpie"]. A craving for un- 
natural and strange articles of food; a symptom 
present in certain forms of insanity, hysteria, and 
chlorosis, and during pregnancy. 

Picea (pis'-e-ah) [L., "the pitch-pine"]. A genus 
of coniferous trees. P. alba is the white spruce. P. 
excelsa, or P. vulgaris, the common fir or pitch-pine, 
yields resin and turpentine. P. nigra is the black 
spruce. 

picein (pis'-e-in) [picea], H18O7H2O. A glucoside 
from the leaves of the Norway spruce, Picea excelsa. 

piceol (pi'-se-ol). A decomposition product of 
picein, by action of emulsion. 

piceous (pis'-e-us) [pix, pitch]. Resembling pitch. 

pichi (pe'-che) [native Chilean]. The stems and 
leaves of Fabiana imbricala, growing in Chile. It is 
a terebinthin having tonic properties, and is of repute 
in the treatment of catarrhal inflammations of the 
genito-urinary tract. Dose of the fld.ext. 5i ; of the 
extract gr. v-x. 

Pick's bundle (pik). An anomalous bundle of 
nerve-fibers in the oblongata connected with the 
pyramidal tract. P.'s disease, pseudocirrhosis of 
the liver, met occasionally as a complication of ad- 
hesive pericarditis. 

picoline (pik'-o-len) [picea; oleum, oil], C6H7N. 
Methylpyridine, a liquid obtained by distillation from 
coal-tar. 

picotement (pe-kot-mon(g) [Fr.]. A pricking sen- 
sation; tingling; formication. 

Picraena (pik-re'-nah) [tukpoj, bitter]. A genus of 
the Simarubea, indigenous to the West Indes. P. 
excelsa furnishes Jamaica quassia. P. vellozii, quina 
quassia, is a Brazilian species; the bark is used in 
dyspepsia and in intermittent fever. 

picramic acid (pik-ram'-ik) [iracpos, bitter; amine], 
C6H5N3O5. Picric, acid in which one NO2 radical has 
been replaced by NH2. 

picramin (pik-ram'-in). A synonym of amarin. 
Picramnia (pik-ram'-ne-ah) [iriKpfc, bitter; danvos, 
shrub]. A genus of the Simarubce. P. pentandra, 
of the West Indes, furnishes a bitter tonic. The bark 
of the root and stem ( Honduras bark) is used in colic 
syphilis, and cholera. 

Picrasma (pik-raz'-mah) [wlkp&s, bitter]. A genus 
of the Simarubea. The bark of P. javanica, of Java, 
and of P. quassoides, of India, is used as an antipyre- 



tic, and the wood as a substitute for quassia; the wood 
contains quassin. 

picrate (pik' -rat) [picric acid]. A salt of picric acid. 
picratol (pik'-rat-ol). See silver trinitrophenolate. 
picric acid (pik'-rik) [iwcpfc, bitter]. See acid, 
picric, p.-acid test. See Braun's reaction for glu- 
cose. 

picrin (pik'-rin) [ttlkpos, bitter]. A bitter substance 
from digitalis. Dose, i~| gr. (0.016-0.033 gm). 

picroaniline (pik-ro-an'-il-in). A histologic stain 
consisting of a mixture of saturated solutions of picric 
acid and aniline-blue. 

picrocarmine (pik-ro-kar'-min) [irucpos, bitter; 
carmine]. A preparation for staining specimens for 
the microscope. Its composition is as follows: car- 
mine, 1; ammonia, 5; distilled water, 50 parts. After 
solution 50 parts of a saturated watery solution of 
picric acid are added, and the mixture allowed to 
stand in a wide-mouthed bottle until the ammonia 
has evaporated. It is then filtered. 

picroformal (pik-ro-form'-al). A fixing agent con- 
sisting of a mixture of a saturated solution of picric 
acid and a 6% aqueous solution of formal. 

picroglycin, picroglycion (pik-ro-gW -sin, pik-ro-gli'- 
se-on) [iriKpbs, bitter; yXvKvs, sweet]. A crystalline, 
bitter substance, found in Solanum dulcamara. It 
may be impure solanine. 

picrol (pik'-rol), CsHLKOH^SOsK. A white, odor- 
less powder containing 52% of iodine; soluble in al- 
cohol and ether; used as a wound antiseptic. Syn., 
potassium diiodoresorcin-monosulphate. 

picromel (pik'-ro-mel) [iriKpos, bitter; p.k\i, honey]. 
A mixture of unknown composition containing salts 
of glycocholic and taurocholic acids. 

picronigrosin (pik-ro-ni' -gro-sin) . A stain con- 
sisting of picric acid and nigrosin in alcohol. 

picropodophyllin (pik-ro-po-do-fil'-in). A crystal- 
line substance obtained from Podophyllum peltatum. 

picropyrine (pik-ro-pi'-ren) . A derivative of picric 
acid and antipyrine occurring in yellow inflammable 
needles. 

picrosclerotine (pik-ro-skle'-ro-ten). A poisonous 
alkaloid occurring in ergot. 

picrotoxin (pik-ro-toks'-in) [irucp6s, bitter; to^lkov, a 
• poison]. A bitter neutral principle prepared from 
Anamirta paniculata (Cocculus indicus). Picrotoxin 
stimulates the motor and inhibitory centers in the 
medulla, especially the respiratory and vagus centers; 
it causes epileptiform spasms by irritation of the motor 
centers of the cerebrum or cord. Its action is much 
like that of strychnine. It has been used in an oint- 
ment (10 gr. to 1 oz.) in pityriasis capitis and in ped- 
iculosis. It is useful in the night-sweats of phthisis 
and in the complex of symptoms known as vasomotor 
ataxia. Dose ^5-5^ S r - (0.001-0.003 Gm.). 

picrotoxinism (pik-ro-toks' -in-izm) . Poisoning by 
picrotoxin; characterized by spasms of an epileptiform 
nature or resembling tetanus, followed by loss of 
consciousness and coma. 

Pictet's chloroform (pik-tef). See chloroform. 

pictet liquid (pik' -let) [pix, pitch]. A liquid consist- 
ing of a mixture of sulphurous acid gas and carbon 
dioxide liquefied under pressure. 

piebald skin. See leukoderma and vitiligo. 

piedra (pe-a'-drah) [S.A.]. A disease of the hair 
marked by the formation of hard, pinhead-sized nod- 
ules on the shaft of the hair; it is thought to be due to 
a micrococcus. 

piesimeter, piesmeter (pi-es-im'-et-er, pi-es'-me- 
ter). See piezometer. 

Pietrowski's reaction for proteins (pe-at-rof'-ske) . 
The biuret reaction; a violet color is produced on 
heating a protein with an excess of a concentrated 
solution of sodium hydroxide and one or two drops of 
a dilute solution of copper sulphate. This color is 
deepened by boiling. 

piezometer (pi-e-zom' -et-er) [xiefeif, to press; p.krpov, 
a measure]. An apparatus for measuring the degree 
of compression of gases or fluids. 2. An apparatus 
for testing the sensitiveness of the skin to pressure. 

Piffard's paste (pif'-ard) [Henry Granger Piffard, 
American dermatologist, 1842-1910]. A paste com- 
posed of s parts of sodium tartrate, 2 of caustic soda, 
and one of copper sulphate. 

pigeon-breast (pij'-un). See under breast. 

pigment (pig'-ment) [pingere, to paint]. 1. A dye- 
stuff; a coloring-matter. Pigments may be in sol- 
ution or in the form of granules or crystals. 2. Any 
organic coloring matter of the body, p., blood-. See 
p., hematogenous, p., cholera-blue, a color-base ob- 



PIGMENTARY 



686 



PIMELOPTERYGIUM 



tained by dissolving cholera-red in concentrated sul- 
phuric acid and then neutralizing with caustic soda. 
p., cholera-red, a color-base found in cultures of chol- 
era bacilli which, upon addition of mineral acids, 
gives a beautiful violet color. On rendering the sol- 
ution alkaline and shaking it with benzol the cholera- 
red is obtained in brownish-red lamellae. Distillation 
of cholera-red with zinc dust gives indol. p.-granule, 
one of the minute structureless masses of which pig- 
ment consists. P., hematogenous, any pigment de- 
rived from the blood. Hematogenous pigments are 
hemoglobin, hematoidin, hemosiderin, and the bile- 
pigments (hepatogenous pigments) which are indirectly 
derived from the blood-pigment. p., metabolic, 
a pigment formed by the metabolic action of cells. 
Melanin is the type of metabolic pigments. 

pigmentary (pig'-men-ta-re) [pigment]. Pertaining 
to or containing pigment; characterized by the for- 
mation of pigment. 

pigmentation (pig-men-ta'-shun) [pigment]. De- 
position of or discoloration by pigment. 

pigmentodermia (pig-ment-o-der'-me-ah) . See chro- 
modermatosis. 

pigmentolysin (pig-men-tol'-is-in). An antibody 
which causes destruction of pigment. 

pigmentophage (pig-menf -o-faj) [pigment; 4>aytiv, 
to eat]. A phagocyte which destroys pigment, es- 
pecially that of hairs. 

pigmentum nigrum (pig-men' -turn ni'-grum) [L., 
black pigment]. The dark coloring-matter which 
lines the choroid coat of the eye. 

piitis (pi-i'-tis) [pia, pia; ins, inflammation]. In- 
flammation of the pia mater; leptomeningitis. 

pil. Abbreviation of Latin pilula, pill. 

pilar, pilary (pi'-lar, pi'-lar-e) [pilaris; pilus, hair]. 
Pertaining to the hair. 

pilastered (pi-las' -terd) [pila, a pillar]. Flanged so 
as to have a fluted appearance; arranged in pilasters 
or columns, p. femur, a condition of the femur in 
which the backward concavity of the shaft is exag- 
gerated and the linea aspera prominent. 

pilatio (pi-la' -she-o) [pilus, hair], A cranial fissure. 

pilation (pi-la' -shun). See fracture, capillary. 

pile (pil) [pilus, a hair], i. The hair or hairs col- 
lectively of any part of the integument. 2. A hem- 
orrhoid. 3- A battery, p., prostatic, a condition of 
enlarged prostate in which hemorrhage results, p., 
thermo-electric, a battery in which an electric current 
is generated on heating the bars of two kinds of metal 
soldered together, of which the pile consists. An 
index registering the exact degree of heat is moved by 
the current. 

pileous (pi'-le-us) [pilus, a hair]. Pertaining to 
hair; hairy. 

piles (pilz). Hemorrhoids, q.v. 

pileum (pil'-e-um) [pileum, a cap: pi., piled]. 1. 
In biology, the cap or whole top of the head of a bird, 
from bill to nape, including the forehead, vertex, and 
occiput. 2. A lobe of the cerebellum lying between 
the vermis and the paraflocculus. Its relation to the 
peduncle is like that of a cap. 

pileus (pil'-e-us) [pileus, a cap: pi., pilei]. 1. The 
disc of the Medusa., for which many writers have sub- 
stituted the name umbrella or disc. It is also applied 
to the cap-like or umbrella-like summit of the stipe 
of many fungi. The hymenium-bearing portion is 
the same as cap. 2. A nipple shield, p. hippocra- 
ticus, the capeline bandage, p. ventriculi, the cap of 
the stomach; the pyloric cap, or first portion of the 
duodenum. 

pili (pi'-li) [plural of pilus, a hair]. Hairs, p., 
annulati, ringed hairs, leukotrichia annularis, p. 
congenital, hair existing at birth, p., post-genital, 
that appearing some time after birth. 

piliation (pil-e-a' -shun) [pilus, hair]. The forma- 
tion and production of hair. 

piliform (pi'-lif-orm) [pilus, hair; forma, a form]. 
Having the form or appearance of hair; filiform. 

piliganine (pi-lig'-an-en), C15H24N2CK?). An al- 
kaloid obtained from Lycopodium saururus: it is 
emetic, cathartic, drastic, anthelmintic, antispas- 
modic. Dose £H gr. (0.01-0.02 Gm.). The hydro- 
chloride is used in the same way. 

pilimiction (pi-lim-ik'-shun) [pilus, hair; mingere, 
to urinate]. The passing of urine containing hair- 
like filaments. 

pilin (pi'-lin). A proprietary cosmetic said to be 
60 per cent, alcohol, perfumed and colored and con- 
taining benzoic acid. 

pill [pilula, dim. of pila, a ball]. A small, round 



mass containing one or more medicinal substances and 
used for internal administration, p., Blaud's. See 
ferrous carbonate, pills of. p., blue. See mercury 
mass, p.'s, compound cathartic. See compound 
cathartic pills, p., Griffith's. Synonym of p. , Blaud's. 
p., Lady Webster's, pill of aloes and mastic, p.-mass, 
a cohesive mass used to hold together the medicinal 
ingredients of a pill. 

pillar (pil'-ar) [pila, a pillar]. A columnar struc- 
ture acting as a support, p. of the abdominal ring, 
one of the columns on each side of the abdominal 
ring. p. of the fauces, one of the folds of mucous 
membrane on each side of the fauces. p. of the 
fornix, anterior, a band of white matter on each side 
passing from the anterior extremity of the fornix to 
the base of the brain, p. of the fornix, posterior, one 
of two bands passing from the posterior extremi- 
ties of the fornix into the descending horn of the lateral 
ventricle. 

pillet (pil'-et). A little pill, or pellet. 

pilleus, pilleum (pil'-e-us, pil'-e-um) [L. a cap or 
caul]. The caul or membrane which sometimes 
covers a child's head during birth, p. ventriculi, 
the cap of the stomach; the pyloric cap, or first por- 
tion of the duodenum. 

pilo- (pi-lo-) [pilus, a hair].' A prefix meaning re- 
lating to the hair or hairy. 

pilocarpidine (pi-lo-kar'-pid-en). An alkaloid from 
jaborandi similar in physiological effect to pilocarpine 
but weaker. 

pilocarpine (pi-lo-car'-pen) [see pilocarpus]. An 
alkaloid isolated from pilocarpus. Used locally as a 
miotic. See pilocarpus, p. hydrochloride (pilocar- 
pines hydrochloridum, U. S. P.). Dose | gr. (0.008 
Gm.). p. nitrate (pilocarpines nitras, U. S. P.). Dose 
I gr. (0.008 Gm.). 

pilocarpus (pi-lo-kar'-pus) [pilo-; Kapwos, fruit]. 
The leaflets of Pilocarpus jaborandi, a South American 
shrub of the natural order Rutaceee: it yields pilocar- 
pine, C11H16N2O2, which resembles atropine in action. 
Jaborandi and its alkaloid pilocarpine taken internally 
produce salivation, perspiration, and contraction of 
the pupil. They are employed as diaphoretics in 
dropsy, Bright's disease, uremia, rheumatism, and 
in the early stage of cold. Dose 20-40 gr. (1.3-4.0 
Gm.). p., fiuidextract of (fluidextr actum pilocarpi, 
U. S. P.). Dose 10-30 min. (0.6-2.0 Cc). 

pilocerine (pi-los'-er-en). A poisonous alkaloid, 
from a cactus, Pilocereus. 

pilocystic (pi-lo-sis'-tik) [pilo-; kv<ttis, a sac]. Ap- 
plied to encysted tumors containing hair and fat. 

pilomotor (pi-lo-mo'-tor) [pilo-; movere, to move]. 
Causing movement of the hair. p. nerves, nerves 
causing contraction of the arrectores pili. p. reflex, 
the appearance of "goose-skin" when the skin is ir- 
ritated. 

pilonidal (pi-lo-ni'-dal) [pilo-; nidus, a nest]. Con- 
taining an accumulation of hairs in a cyst. p. fistula, 
a fistula in the neighborhood of the rectum depending 
upon the presence of a tuft of hair in the tissues. 

pilose, pilous (pi'-los, pi'-lus) [pilosus, hairy]. 
Hairy. 

pilosebaceous (pi-lo-se-ba'-shus). Pertaining to 
the hair follicles and sebaceous glands. 

pilosis (pi-lo' -sis) [pilus, a hair]. The abnormal 
or excessive development of hair. 

pilosity (pi-los'-it-e) [pilus, a hair]. The state of 
being pilose. 

Piltz's reflex. Alteration of the size of the pupil 
when the attention is suddenly fixed. 

pilula (pil'-u-lah) [L., pi., pilulee], A pill. 

pilular (pil'-u-lar) [pilula, dim. of pila, a ball]. Of 
the nature of or pertaining to pills. 

pilule (pil'-ul) [pilula, a small pill]. A small pill. 

pilus (pi'-lus) [pilus, a hair; pi., pili], 1. A hair. 
2. In biology, a fine, slender, hair-like body, pili 
gossypii, cotton staple, pili tactiles, tactile hairs. 

pimeladen (pim-el' -ad-en) [inixekr), fat; abr)v, gland; 
pi., pimeladenes]. Any sebaceous gland. 

pimelecchysis (pim-el-ek'-kis-is) [Tnne\ri, fat; (kxwis, 
a pouring out]. An excessive discharge of fat or of 
sebaceous matter. 

pimelitis (pim-el-i'-tis) [iripeXr), fat; vru, inflam- 
mation]. Inflammation of any adipose tissue; also, 
of connective tissue in general. 

pimeloma (pim-el-o'-mah) [in.neb.ri, fat; Spa, tumor; 
pi., pimelomata]. A fatty tumor; lipoma. 

pimelopterygium (pim-el-o-ler-ij'-e-um) [TripeXr), 
fat; iTTepvyiov, a small wing]. A fatty outgrowth on 
the conjunctiva. 



PIMELORRHEA 



687 



PIRIA'S TEST FOR TYROSIN 



pimelorrhea (pim-el-or-e'-ah) [irt/zeXi?, fat; poLa, 
a flow]. An excessive fatty discharge. Fecal dis- 
charge of undigested fat. 

pimelorthopnea (pim-el-or-thop'-ne-ah) [wifjitkr), 
fat; orthopnea]. Orthopnea due to obesity. 

pimelosis (pim-el-o'-sis) [-mnekr], fat; vocros, disease]. 
Conversion into fat. The fatty degeneration of any 
tissue; obesity, or corpulence. 

pimelotic (pim-el-ot'-ik). Affected with pimelosis. 

pimeluria (pim-el-u-'re-ah) [irifieXtj, fat; olpov, 
urine]. The excretion of fat in the urine; lipuria. 

pimenta (pi-men' -tah) [Sp., pimiento]. Allspice, 
the nearly ripe fruit of P. officinalis, a tree of the 
natural order Myrtacece. It has a fragrant aromatic 
odor, due to the presence of a volatile oil. Pimenta 
is used as an aromatic carminative in flatulence and 
locally in chilblains. Dose 10-40 gr. (0.65-2.6 Gm.). 
p., oil of (oleum pimenta, U. S. P.). Dose 2-5 min. 
(0.13-1.32 Cc). 

pimento (pi-men' -to) . Synonym of pimenta. 

Pimpinella (pim-pin-eV -ah) . A genus of umbel- 
liferous plants. P. anisum yields anise. P. saxi- 
fraga is said to be diaphoretic, diuretic, and stom- 
achic, and has been employed in asthma, dropsy, 
amenorrhea, etc. Dose £ dr. (2 Cc). 

pimple (pirn' -pi) [AS., pipel], A small pustule or 
papule. 

pinapin (pin'-ap-in). A fermented pineapple- 
juice, recommended in catarrh of the stomach, also 
as a spray in nasal catarrh. 

Pinard's sign (pe-nar') [Adolphe Pinard, French 
obstetrician, 1844- ]. After the sixth month of 
pregnancy a sharp pain upon pressure over the fundus 
uteri is frequently a sign of breech presentation. 

pincement (pans' -mo(n)g) [Fr., "pinching"]. In 
massage, a pinching or nipping of the tissues. 

pincers (pin'-cers) [Fr., pince]. Forceps. 

pincet, pincette (pan-set') [Fr.]. A small forceps. 

Pinckneya (pingk'-ne-ah). A genus of the Rubi- 
acece. P. pubens is a small tree of the southern 
United States. The bark is astringent and tonic 
and is used in intermittent fevers. 

pine (pin) [pinus]. A genus of trees of the order^, 
Coniferce, yielding turpentine, pitch, tar, and other 
substances. 

pineal (pin'-e-al) [pinus, a pine-cone]. Belonging 
to or shaped like a pine-cone. p. body, p. gland, the 
epiphysis, a small, reddish-gray, vascular body sit- 
uated behind the third ventricle, which is embraced 
by its two peduncles; it is also called the conarium, 
from its conical shape, p. eye, a rudimentary third, 
median, or unpaired eye of certain lizards, with which 
the pineal body of the mammalia is homologous. 
p. peduncle, a narrow white band on each side of 
the pineal body. p. ventricle, the cavity occa- 
sionally found within the pineal body. 

pinealism (pin-e'-al-izm). Disturbances due to 
abnormality in the secretion of the pineal gland. 

Pinel's system (pe-neV) [Philippe Pinel, French 
alienist, 1745-1826]. In the treatment of the insane, 
suppression of all forceful proceedings. 

pinenchyma (pin-en' -kim-ah) [irivai, tablet; eyxvua, 
infusion]. Tissues composed of flat cells. 

pinene (pi'-nen) [pinus, pine], C10H16. A hydro- 
carbon, the chief constituent of many essential oils. 

pineoline (pin'-e-o-len). A proprietary extract of 
the needles of Pinus pumilio, combined with vaseline 
and lanolin; it is used as an application in skin dis- 
eases. 

Pinguecula, pinguicula (pin-gwek'-u-lah) , pin-gwik'- 
u-lah) [dim. of pinguis, fat]. A small, yellowish- 
white patch situated on the conjunctiva, between the 
cornea and the canthus of the eye; it is composed of 
connective tissue. 

pinguid (ping'-gwid) [pinguis, fat]. Fat; unctuous. 

pinguoleum (ping-gwo'-le-um) [pinguis, fat; oleum, 
oil]. A fatty or fixed oil. 

pinhole (pin' -hoi). A minute perforation like that 
made by a pin. p. os, an extreme degree of atresia 
of the os uteri, seen in young and undeveloped women. 
p. pupil, pin-point pupil, contraction of the iris to an 
extent that the pupil is scarcely larger than a pin's 
head. It is seen in opium-poisoning, after the use of 
miotics, in certain cerebral diseases, in locomotor 
ataxia, etc. 

piniform (pin'-if-orm) [pine; forma, form]. Shaped 
like a pine-cone. 

pink-eye. 1. A contagious, mucopurulent con- 
junctivitis occurring especially in horses. 2. Acute 
contagious conjunctivitis in man. 



pinkroot. See spigelia. 

pinna (pin' -ah) [L., "feather"; "wing"]. The 
projecting part of the external ear; the auricle, p. 
nasi. Synonym of ala nasi. 

pinnal (pin'-al). Pertaining to the pinna. 

pinocytosis (pin-o-si-to'-sis) [irLveiv, to drink; kvtos, 
a cell]. A name for the property exhibited by phag- 
ocytes of imbibing and absorbing liquid substances. 

pinol (pi'-nol). The commercial name for the oil 
distilled from the needles of Pinus pumilio. It is 
recommended in tuberculosis, rheumatism, etc,, and 
may be used externally and internally. 

pinotherapy (pi-no-ther'-ap-e) [Trei^a, hunger; 
6epaireia, therapy]. Hunger-cure or nestotherapy. 

pint (pint). The eighth part of a gallon; 16 fluid- 
ounces; an imperial pint contains 20 fluidounces. 
Symbol O (octarius). 

pinta disease (pin'-tah) [Sp., "spot"]. Parasitic 
disease of the skin, confined to the tropics. Also 
called pinto, mal de los pintos, and spotted sickness. 

Pinus (pi'-nus). The pine (q. v.). P. pumilio of 
the Alps, yields a turpentine and an oil used in med- 
icine. The bark of P. strobus, white pine of the north- 
ern United States, is astringent and antiseptic, and 
is used in diarrhea and dysentery. Dose of the 
fluidextract 30-60 min. (1.8-3.7 Cc). An oil distilled 
from the leaves of P. sylvestris, Scotch pine or fir, is 
used in medicine; the young pine-cones are used as a 
diuretic. An extract from the leaves is used as a 
diuretic and antiseptic. Dose 3-6 gr. (0.2-0.4 Gm.). 

pinworm. See Oxyuris and A scar is. 

pioepithelium (pi-o-ep-ith-e'-le-um) [irluv, fat; 
epithelium]. Epithelium containing fat. 

pion (pi' -on) [iruav, fat]. Fat. 

pionemia, pionaemia (pi-on-e'-me-ah). See lipemia. 

pioscope (pi'-o-skop) [ttioiv, fat; aicoireiv, to see]. A 
variety of galactoscope. 

pip. A contagious disease of fowls characterized 
by a secretion of thick mucus in the throat and mouth. 

piper (pi-per') [L.]. Pepper (q. v.). 

piperazidin (pi-per-az' -id-in) . See piper azin. 

piperazin (pi-per' -a-zin),. C4H10N2. Diethylendia- 
mine, a crystalline substance produced by the action 
of ammonia on ethylene bromide or chloride. It is 
readily soluble in water. In watery solutions it acts 
as an excellent solvent of uric acid. It is used in- 
ternally in cases of gout, lithemia, diabetes, and as a 
solvent for uric-acid calculi. Dose 15 gr. (1 Gm.) a 
day; for hypodermatic use it is best employed in a 
2% solution, p. quinate, a form used in gout. Dose 
75-120 gr. (5-8 Gm.) daily in broken doses, p. water, 
a combination of equal parts of piperazin and phe- 
nocoll in water. 

piperic (pi-per' -ik) [piper]. Pertaining to or con- 
taining pepper, p. acid, C12H10O4, a monobasic acid 
obtained by decomposing piperin. 

piperidine (pi-per' -id-en) [piper], C5H11N. A liquid 
base produced in the decomposition of piperine. p. 
bitartrate, is recommended in uratic diathesis. Dose 
10-16 gr. (0.65-1.03 Gm.) 3 times daily, p. guaia- 
colate, C5HnN.(C7H802)2, is used in tuberculosis. 
Dose 10 gr. (0.65 Gm.) twice daily. 

piperine (pi'-per-en). A neutral principle (pi- 
perina, U. S. P.) obtained from pepper. 

piperism (pi'-per-izm). Poisoning by pepper, 
marked by acute gastritis. 

piperovatine (pi-per-o'-va-ten), C16H21NO2. A crys- 
talline alkaloid isolated from Piper ovatum. A heart- 
poison and depressant of motor and sensory nerves. 
Acts like strychnine. 

pipet, pipette (pip-ef) [Fr., dim. of pipe], A glass 
tube open at both ends, but usually drawn out to a 
smaller size at one end. 

pipmenthol (pip-men' -thol) [piper, pepper; menlha, 
mint]. A name for the menthol obtained from pep- 
permint. 

pipsissewa (pip-sis' -e-wah). See chimaphila. 

piptonychia (pip-to-nik' -e-ah) [irlirTeiv, to fall; 
ow%, a nail]. Shedding of the nails. 

piqure (pe-kfir') [F.]. Puncture, p. glycosuria, 
experimental glycosuria produced by puncture of 
the diabetic center in the medulla. 

Piria's test for tyrosin (pir'-e-ah). Moisten the 
substance on a watch-glass with concentrated sul- 
phuric acid, and warm two to ten minutes on a water- 
bath. Dilute with water, warm, neutralize with 
barium carbonate, filter while warm, and add a dilute 
solution of ferric chloride. In the presence of tyrosin 
a violet color results. An excess of ferric chloride 
destroys the color. 



PIRIFORM 



688 



P. L. 



piriform (pir'-if-orm). Synonym of pyriform. 

Pirogoff's formula, (pir'-o-gof) [Nikolai Vanovich 
Pirogoff, Russian surgeon, 1810-1881]. Sublimed 
sulphur, I oz. ; potassium carbonate, 1 oz.; distilled 
water, § oz. ; tincture of iodine, 1 oz. ; lard, 3 oz. Used 
for the treatment of favus. P.'s operation or am- 
putation, for amputation through the foot: a partial 
osteoplastic operation in which the os calcis is sawed 
through obliquely from above downward and forward, 
and the posterior portion is brought up and secured 
against the surface made by sawing off the lower ends 
of the tibia and fibula. 

Piroplasma (pi-ro-plaz'-mah) [irvp, fire; ifka.<r<T€iv, 
to form]. A genus of hematozoa. P. bigeminum, 
a species found in Texas fever. P. canis, a species 
causing the bilious fever or malignant jaundice of 
dogs. P. donovani. Same as Leishman- Donovan 
bodies, q.v. P. equi, a South African species caus- 
ing a bilious fever in horses. P. hominis, the species 
responsible for Rocky Mountain spotted fever in 
man. P. ovis, a species affecting sheep. P. parvum, 
a species causing the Rhodesian red -water fever of 
cattle in Western Africa. 

piroplasmosis (pi-ro-plaz-mo'-sis). Infection with 
piroplasma. 

Pirquet's (von) reaction (per-ka') [Clemens von 
Pirquet, Austrian physician 1874- ]. Apply a 
few drops of a 4 per cent, solution of old tuberculin to 
a slightly scarified area; if positive, a number of pa- 
pules appear surrounded by a hyperemic area. 

piscidia erythrina (pis-id' -e-ah er-e-thri'-nah) [pis- 
cis, fish; cazder e, to kill]. Jamaica dogwood, a tree 
of the order Leguminosce, the bark of which has been 
used for stupefying fish. It contains a neutral prin- 
ciple, piscidin. Piscidin has been used as an anodyne 
in neuralgia, whooping-cough, and insomnia. Dose 
of the ftuidextract 1 dr. (4 Cc). 

piscidin (pis'-id-in). See under Piscidia erythrina. 

pisiform (pis'-if-orm) [pisum, a pea; forma, form]. 
Pea-shaped, p. bone, a small bone on the inner and 
anterior aspect of the carpus. 

, pit [AS., pyt, from puteus, a well or pit]. 1. A 
depression, as the pit of the stomach; the armpit. 
2. To indent by pressing, p., auditory the embryonic 
depression preceding the labyrinth, p., basilar, the 
depression upon the palatal surfaces of the upper in- 
cisor teeth, at the base of the cingula. p. of the 
stomach: (1) a name popularly given to that abdomen 
just below the sternum and between the cartilages of 
the false ribs; it is also termed scrobiculus cordis; (2) 
any one of the openings of gastric tubules visible on 
the mucous surface of the stomach, p., tear, the 
lacrimal sinus. 

pitch [ME., picchen, to throw]. 1. The height of 
a sound; that quality which depends upon the 
relative rapidity of the vibrations that produce the 
sound. 2. [AS., pic, from pix, pitch]. A hard but 
viscous, shining substance, breaking with a conchoid 
fracture, obtained from various species of pine and 
from tar. p. blende, an oxide of uranium, the source 
of the radium salts known to commerce. It occurs 
in pitchy black masses, rarely in octahedrons. Syn., 
pechurane; uraninite. p., Burgundy, the prepared 
resinous exudation of Abies excelsa, used in the form 
of various plasters as a counterirritant in chronic 
rheumatism, p., Canada, a resin obtained from Abies 
canadensis, and formerly used for making plasters. 
p., Jew's or mineral, asphalt, p., liquid (pix liquida, 
IT. S. P., B. P.), tar. See tar. 0. plaster, a plaster 
composed of Burgundy pitch, frankincense, resin, 
yellow wax and olive oil. 

pith [AS, pitha]. 1. The soft cellular tissue found 
in the center of the stalks of plants. 2. The marrow 
of bones. 3. The spinal marrow. 4. To cut off all 
connection of the brain-centers of an animal with the 
periphery by piercing the brain and spinal cord. 

pithecoid (pith'-e-koid) [iridriicos, an ape; elSos, like- 
ness]. Resembling an ape. p. theory, the theory of 
man's descent from the ape. 

pithiatic (pith-e-at'-ik). Pertaining to pithiatism 
or hysteria. 

pithiatism (pith' -e-at-izm) . Same as hysteria. 

pithiatric (pith-e-at'-rik). Capable of being re- 
lieved by suggestion or persuasion; term employed 
with reference to hysterical condition. 

pithing (pith'-ing). The destroying of the central 
nervous system by piercing the brain and cord; de- 
cerebration. 

pithode (pith'-6d). See karyokinesis. 

Pitre's sections (petr) [Albert Pitres, French phy- 



sician, 1848- ]. A series of nearly vertical sec- 
tions through the brain for postmortem examinations. 
P.'s sign. 1. "Signe du cordeau"; the angle formed 
by the axis of the sternum and the line represented 
by a cord dropped from the suprasternal notch to the 
symphysis pubis indicates the degree of deviation of 
the sternum in cases of pleuritic effusion. 2. Hypes- 
thesia of the scrotum and testis in tabes dorsalis. 

pitted (pit'-ed). Marked by indentations or pits, 
as from smallpox. 

pitting (pit'-ing). The formation of pits; also the 
quality of preserving, for a short time, indentations 
made by pressing with the finger. 

pituglandol (pit-u-glan'-dol). Trade name of a 
liquid preparation of the infundibulum of the pit- 
uitary gland. 

pituita (pit-u'-it-ah) [L.]. Phlegm; mucus; stringy, 
frothy sputum. 

pituital (pit-u'-it-al). Relating to pituita. 

pituitary (pit-u' -it-a-re) [pituita]. Secreting or con- 
taining mucus, p. body, p. gland, a small, reddish- 
gray vascular body, weighing about ten grains, con- 
tained within the sella turcica of the skull. It con- 
sists of two portions — the large anterior or oral, and 
the small posterior or cerebral division. The anterior 
lobe is derived as a diverticulum from the primitive 
oral cavity; the posterior lobe descends as an outgrowth 
from the brain, communicating in fetal life with the 
third ventricle. The stalk of this outgrowth remains 
as the infundibulum. The pituitary body has at- 
tracted much attention on account of pathological 
changes in its structure in certain obscure diseases, 
such as akromegaly, myxedema, and others. In some 
cases of akromegaly it has been much enlarged. Syn., 
hypophysis cerebri, p. membrane, the Schneiderian 
membrane. 

pituitin (pit-u'-it-in). A preparation made from 
the posterior lobe of the pituitary body. 

pituitous (pit-u' -it-us) [pituita]. Containing or 
resembling mucus. 

pituitrin (ptl-u' -it-rin) . Trade name of a pre- 
paration made from the posterior lobe of the pituitary 
gland. 

pituri (pit'-u-re). The leaves and twigs of Dubois- 
ia hopwoodii, used as a narcotic stimulant. 

piturine (pit'-u-ren). A liquid alkaloid obtained 
from Duboisia hopwoodii. It is probably identical 
with nicotine. 

pityriasic (pit-ir-i-as'-ik). Relating to or affected 
with pityriasis. 

pityriasis (pit-ir-i'-as-is) [irlrvpov, bran]. 1. A term 
applied to various skin affections characterized by 
fine, branny desquamation. 2. Seborrhea, p. capi- 
tis, p. capillitii, alopecia furfuracea. p. circinata et 
marginata, a disease characterized by an eruption of 
rose-colored spots on the trunk, the limbs, and in the 
axillae, associated with slight fever and itching, p. 
furfuracea, seborrhcea sicca, p. gravidarum. ■ Same 
as chloasma uterinum, p. pilaris. See keratosis pila- 
ris, p. rosea. See p. circinata et marginata. p. 
rubra, a chronic inflammatory skin disease, beginning 
in one or more localized patches, which coalesce and 
gradually invade the whole body. The skin is deep 
red in color, and covered by whitish vesicles that con- 
stantly reform. The disease lasts months or years, 
and generally ends fatally. Syn., dermatitis exfoli- 
ativa, p. versicolor. See tinea versicolor. 

pityroid (pit'-ir-oid) [irlrvpov, bran; el8os, like]. 
Branny. 

pivot (piv'-ot) [Fr., pivot, a pivot]. A pin on which 
a wheel turns, p., clack, p., clacking, a means de- 
vised by Magiola for attaching an artificial crown to 
the root of a natural tooth, p.-joint. See cyclar- 
throsis. p. tooth, an artificial crown, designed to be 
applied to the root of a natural tooth, by means of 
what is usually termed a pivot, but more properly a 
dowel or tenon. 

pivoting (piv'-ot-ing). The fixation of an arti- 
ficial crown to a tooth by means of a pivot or pin. 

pix (piks). See pitch (2). p. burgundica, an exudate 
from Picea (Abies) excelsa, Norway spruce, used as 
rubefacient. P. canadensis, that obtained from the 
hemlock tree, Tsuga (Abies) canadensis. P. liquida, 
tar, an oleoresin obtained by the destructive dis- 
tillation of the pine. 

pixine (piks' -en). A surgical dressing said to con- 
sist of Burgundy pitch with a wool-fat base. 

pixol (piks'-ol). A disinfectant preparation of tar 
and soft soap. 

P. L. Abbreviation for (1) Pharmacopoeia, Lond- 



PLACEBO 



689 



PLANUM 



inensis, London Pharmacopoeia; (2) perception of 
light. 

placebo (pla-se'-bo) [L., "I will please," from placere, 
to please]. A medicine given for the purpose of 
pleasing or humoring the patient, rather than for its 
therapeutic effect. 

placenta (pla-sen'-tah) [irXaicovs, a cake]. The organ 
on the wall of the uterus to which the embryo is at- 
tached by means of the umbilical cord and from which 
it receives its nourishment. It is developed, about 
the third month of gestation, from the chorion of the 
embryo and the decidua serotina of the uterus. The 
villi of the chorion enlarge and are received into de- 
pressions of the decidua, and around them blood- 
sinuses form, into which, by diffusion, the waste- 
materials brought from the fetus by the umbilical 
arteries pass, and from which the blood receives oxy- 
gen and food-material being returned to the fetus by 
the umbilical vein. At term the placenta weighs one 
pound, is one inch thick at its center, and seven inch- 
es in diameter, p., adherent, one that is abnormally 
adherent to the uterine wall after childbirth, p., 
annular, one extending around the interior of the 
uterus in the form of a belt, p., battledore, one in 
which the insertion of the cord is at the margin of 
the placenta, p., circumvallate, a thickening or 
fungiform enlargement of the placenta at the point 
at which the decidua vera and the decidua reflexa 
would have united in cases in which such union has 
been thwarted by hypersecretion of the former or by 
endometritic processes, p. cirsoides, one in which 
the umbilical vessels have a cirsoid arrangement, p., 
discoid, one shaped like a disc, p., duplex, one 
divided into two parts. p., fundal, one attached 
at the fundus, p., horse-shoe, in twin pregnancy, 
a condition in which two placenta? are joined. 
p., incarcerated, one retained by irregular con- 
traction of the uterus, p., maternal, the exter- 
nal layer developed from the decidua serotina. p. 
membranacea, one abnormally thin. p. praevia, a 
placenta that is fixed to that part of the uterine wall 
that becomes stretched as labor advances, so that it 
precedes the advance of the presenting part of the 
fetus. Being detached before the birth of the child, 
it generally causes grave hemorrhage, p., retained, 
one not expelled by the uterus after labor, p., 
sanguinis, a blood-clot. p. student's, a retained 
placenta due to improper manipulation, p. suc- 
centuriata, an accessory placenta. 

placental (pla-sen'-tal) [placenta]. Pertaining to 
the placenta, p. bruit, p. murmur, p. souffle, a sound 
attributed to the circulation of blood in the placenta. 
p. transmission, the conveyance of drugs and disease- 
products through the fetoplacental circulation from 
mother to offspring. 

placentation (pla-sen-ta'-shun) [placenta]. The 
formation and mode of attachment of the placenta. 

placentitis (pla-sen-ti'-tis) [placenta; ins, inflam- 
mation]. Inflammation of the placenta. 

placentoid (pla-sen'-toid) [placenta; dSos, like]. Re- 
sembling a placenta. 

placentolysin (pla-sen-tol' -is-in) [placenta; Xv<r«, 
solution]. A cytolysin formed in the blood of an 
animal which has received injections of placental 
tissue emulsions derived from some other animal. 

placentoma (pla-sen-to'-mah). A neoplasm spring- 
ing from a retained portion of a placenta. 

placentotherapy (pla-sen-to-ther'-ap-e) [placenta; 
therapy]. The remedial use of preparations of the 
placenta of animals. 

placentula (pla-sen' -lu-lah) [dim. of placenta]. 
A small placenta. 

Placido's disc (plas-e'-do). A keratoscope com- 
posed of a disc with concentric circles. 

placuntitis (plak-un-ti'-tis). Synonym of placen- 
titis. 

placuntoma (plak-un-to'-mah). Synonym of placen- 
toma. 

pladaroma (plad-ar-o'-mah) [ir\a86.paip.a, wetness; 
softness]. A soft wart or tumor of the eyelid. 

pladarosis (plad-ar-o'-sis) [ir\a8ap6s, soft]. Syno- 
nym of pladaroma. 

plagiobolia (pla-je-o-boV -e-ah) [irAcryios, oblique; 
fiaWew, to throw]. Imperfect or indirect emission 
of spermatic fluid into the vagina. 

plagiocephalic (pla-je-o-sef-al'-ik) [plagiocephaly]. 
Having a skull exhibiting plagiocephaly. 

plagiocephalism. See plagiocephaly. 

plagiocephalous (pla-je-o-sef'-al-us). Synonym of 
plagiocephalic. 



plagiocephaly (pla-je-o-sef-al-e) [wXayios, oblique; 
Ke<t>a\ri, head]. A malformation of the head pro- 
duced by the closing of half of the coronal suture, 
giving an oblique growth to the cranial roof. 

plague (plag) [-wX-nyri, a stroke]. 1. Any contagious 
malignant, epidemic disease. 2. A contagious dis- 
ease endemic in eastern Asia, and in former times 
occurring epidemically in Europe and Asia Minor. 
After a period of incubation of from three to eight 
days the disease begins with fever, pain, and swelling 
of the lymphatic glands, chiefly the femoral inguinal, 
axillary, and cervical. Headache, delirium, vomiting, 
and diarrhea may be present. When recovery is 
probable, the temperature falls in about a week. 
The cause of the disease is the Bacillus pestis, found 
by Kitasato in the blood, buboes, and internal organs 
of the victims of the plague, p., black, the plague 
which decimated the European nations in the 14th 
century, p., bubonic, the usual form of plague for- 
merly prevalent in various parts of the world, p., 
cold, a fatal form of bilious pneumonia, p., hunger, 
relapsing fever, p., levantine, the plague of the 
eastern part of Europe, p., lung, pleuropneumonia 
of cattle, p., Siberian cattle. Synonym of anthrax. 
p.-sore, a sore resulting from the plague, p.-spot, 
a spot characteristic of the plague, p., swine, hog- 
cholera, p., Syrian. Synonym of Aleppo boil. 

planarthragra (plan-ar-thra'-grah) [ifkavav, to 
cause to wander; apdpov, a joint; aypa, a seizure]. 
Gout which wanders from one joint to another. 

plancus (plang'-kus) [planca, a board]. 1. A 
person with flat feet. 2. Flat-footed. 

plane {plan) [planus, flat]. Any flat, smooth 
surface, especially any assumed or conventional 
surface, whether tangent to the body or dividing it. 

planiceps (pla'-ni-seps) [planus, flat; caput, a head]. 
Flat-headed. 

planhneter (pla-nim' -et-ur) . 1. See perimeter. 
2. An instrument which measures a plane by tracing 
the periphery. 

planipes (pla'-ne-pez) [planus, flat; pes, foot]. 
Having flat feet. 

piano- (pla-no-). 1. [planus, flat]. A prefix signi- 
fying flat or level; also a lens having no refracting 
power. 2. [wXavos, wandering.] A prefix signifying 
wandering. 

planocellular (pla-no-sel'-u-lar) [piano-; cellula, 
cell]. Flat-celled. 

Planococcus (plan-o-kok'-us) [■n-'Kavrj, a wandering, 
kokkos, a berry]. A genus of bacteria of the family 
Coccacece having cell division in two planes; cells 
separate and flagellated. 

planocompressed (pla-no-kom-prest'). So com- 
pressed that the opposite sides are flat. 

planoconcave (pla-no-kon-kav') . Concave on one 
surface and flat on the opposite side. 

planoconic (pla-no-kon'-ik). Having one side flat 
and the other conical. 

planoconvex (pla-no-kon-veks') . Plane on one side 
and convex on the other. 

planocyte (plan'-o-sit) [piano-; kvtos, a cell]. A 
wandering cell. 

planodia (plan-o'-de-ah) [TrXd^, a wandering; 686s; 
a way]. Any false or artificial passage made by an 
instrument. _ 

planomania (plan-o-ma'-ne-ah) [irXavos, wandering; 
fiavia, madness]. A morbid and insane desire for 
wandering. 

planorheumatism (plan-o-roo'-mat-izm) [piano- ; 
rheumatism]^ Wandering or metastatic rheumatism. 

Planosarcina (pla-no-sar'-sin-ah) [irXavq, wander- 
ing; sarcina], A genus of motile bacteria whose 
cells are flagellated and divide in three planes. 

planta (plan'-tah) [L.]. The sole of the foot. 

plantar (plan' -tar) [planta]. Pertaining to the sole 
of the foot. p. arch. See arch, plantar, p. fascia, 
the dense triangular shaped aponeurosis occupying 
the middle and sides of the sole of the foot beneath 
the integument, p. reflex. See under reflex. 

plantaris (plan-ta'-ris). See under muscle. 

plantigrade (plan'-te-grad) [planta; gradi, to walk]. 
Bringing the entire length of the sole of the foot to 
the ground in walking, as is seen in the bear. 

plantose (plan'-tos). A pale-yellow dietetic powder 
prepared from the oil-cake of rape-seed, containing 
12 % of nitrogen. 

planum (pla'-num) [L. flat]. A plane or surface. 
p. nuchale, nuchal plane, p. occipitale, occipital plane. 
p. orbitale, orbital plane, p. popliteum, popliteal 
plane or space, p. sternale, sternal plane or anterior 



PLANURIA 



690 



PLASTIN 



surface of the sternum, p. temporale, temporal 



planuria (plan-u'-re-ah) [ir\avos, straying; ovpov, 
urine]. The discharge of urine through abnormal 
passages. 

plaque (plak) [Fr.]. A patch, p.s, blood-. See 
blood-platelets, p.s, opaline, scattered white spots, 
like those caused by silver nitrate, seen on the fauces, 
hard palate, cheeks, and lips; an early affection in 
syphilis. 

plasm (plazm). Same as plasma. 

plasma (plaz'-mah) [xXAo-jua, a thing molded], 
i. The fluid part of the blood and the lymph. See 
blood-plasma. 2. Glycerite of starch, p.-cells, large, 
granular cells found in the connective tissue, p., 
lymph-, the fluid part of the lymph, p., muscle-. 
See muscle-plasma. 

plasmacules (plaz'-ma-kuls). See hemokonia. 

plasmameba, plasmamoeba (plaz-mam-e'-bah) 
[plasma; amczba]. An ameba-like parasite found in 
the blood in dengue. 

plasmapheresis (plaz-maf-e' -res-is) [plasma; &<pai- 
petns, a withdrawal]. Removal of blood plasma; 
a form of venesection in which blood is withdrawn 
but the corpuscles are returned to the circulation. 

plasmasome (plaz'-mas-om) [ir\a<rp,a, a molded 
figure; a&na, body]. A protoplasmic corpuscle. 

plasmatic (plaz-mat'-ik) [plasma]. 1. Pertaining 
to plasma. 2. Plastic, p. layer, the layer of plasma 
next to the wall of a capillary. 

plasmatorrhexis (plaz-mat-o-reks'-is) [plasma; p^us, 
a bursting]. Same as plasmorrhexis. 

plasmatosis (plaz-mat-o'-sis) [plasma]. The lique- 
faction of cell-substance as seen in the cells of the 
secreting milk-gland and in the cells of secreting 
glands of the cervix uteri. 

plasment (plaz'-ment). A proprietary emollient 
and lubricant application made from Iceland moss. 

plasmexhidrosis (plaz-meks-hi-dro'-sis) [plasma ; 
e£, out of; hidrosis]. The exudation of plasma from 
the blood-vessels. 

plasmic (plaz'-mik) [plasma]. Of or pertaining to 
protoplasm; formative, protoplasmic; plasmatic. 

plasmin (plaz'-min) [plasma]. A name given to 
the precipitate obtained from blood by treating it 
with a saturated solution of sodium sulphate, allowing 
the corpuscles to subside, then precipitating the 
plasma with sodium chloride, and washing the 
precipitate with a saturated solution of sodium 
chloride. 

plasmo- (plaz-mo-) [plasma]. A prefix meaning 
relating to the plasma. 

plasmocyte (plaz'-mo-slt) [plasmo-; kItos, a cell]. 
1. Any cell, other than blood-corpuscles, free in the 
blood-plasma. 2. A protozoan parasite in the blood 
plasma. 

Plasmodia (plaz-mo' -de-ah). Plural of Plasmodium. 

plasmodiblast (plaz-mo' -dib-last). See trophoblast. 

Plasmodium (plaz-mo' -de-um) [plasmo-; elSos, 
form: pi., Plasmodia]. The mass of protoplasm 
formed by the fusion of two or more amebiform 
bodies, p. falciparum, the parasite of estivoautumnal 
or pernicious malaria, p. malariae, a protozoan para- 
site found in the blood of persons suffering from 
malaria, p. praecox, the malarial parasite of birds. 
p. tenue, a malarial parasite, said to be found in 
cases of malignant malaria in India, p. viyax, the 
parasite of tertian malaria. 

plasmogen (plaz'-mo-jen) [plasmo-; yewav, to 
produce]. Formative protoplasm; germ-plasm; bio- 
plasm. 

plasmology (plaz-mol'-o-je) [plasmo-; \6yos, sci- 
ence]. The study of cells and cell-stuff, or plasma; 
histology. 

plasmolysis (plaz-mol'-is-is) [plasmo-; Xuew, to 
loose]. 1. The separation of cell-protoplasm from 
the inclosing celUwall. 2. The contraction of living 
protoplasm under the influence of reagents. 3. The 
escape of the soluble substances of the blood-corpuscle. 

plasmolytic (plaz-mo-lit'-ik). Exhibiting or charac- 
terized by plasmolysis. 

plasmoma (plaz-mo' -mah) [plasmo-; 5p.a, tumor]. 
A tumor which shows a tendency toward the forma- 
tion of fibers. 

plasmon (plaz'-mon) [plasma]. The unaltered 
proteid of milk, p.-butter, a mixture of plasmon 
(6.58 %) with butter (51. 5 %), water (41.2 %), 
and salt (0.72 %). It resembles clotted cream in 
appearance and taste and serves as a substitute for 
cod-liver oil. 



plasmophagous (plaz-mof -ag-us) [plasmo-; 4>ayeiv, 
to eat]. Living upon protoplasm; applied to or- 
ganisms causing decomposition of organic matter. 

plasmoptysis (plaz-mop' -tis-is) [plasmo-; irrvais, 
a spitting]. The escape of protoplasm from a cell 
due to rupture of the cell-wall. 

plasmorrhexis (plaz-mor-eks'-is) [plasmo-; frrjfa, 
a bursting]. The rupture of a cell and the escape 
or loss of the plasma. 

plasmoschisis (plaz-mos'-kis-is) [plasmo-; <rxtW, 
cleavage]. The splitting of a cell, as the formation 
of disc-shaped bodies by red blood-corpuscles. 

plasmosome (plaz'-mo-som) [plasmo-; avp.a, body]. 

1. One of the granular structural elements of cells. 

2. The nucleolus of a cell. 

plasmotropic (plaz-mo-trop'-ik) [plasmo-; rpoirri, 
a change]. Producing protoplasmic degeneration; 
applied to hemolytic action which leaves the red 
corpuscles intact in the circulation, but through 
the influence of poisons on the liver, spleen, and 
bone-marrow causes excessive destruction of them 
in these organs. 

plasom (plaz'-om). A proprietary preparation from 
milk. 

plasome (plaz'-om) [plasma; trvna, body, matter]. 
The hypothetical unit of protoplasm. 

plasson (plas'-son) [irXaaaeiv, to form or mold]. 
Primitive or undifferentiated protoplasm; the proto- 
plasm of the cell in the nonnucleated or cytode 
stage. 

plastauxia (plas-tawks'-e-ah) [irXaaaeiv, to mold; 
avfy, increase]. An increase of plasticity. 

plaster (plas'-ter) [ME., piastre]. 1. An adhesive, 
semisolid substance spread upon cloth or other 
flexible material for application to the surface of 
the body. 2. Calcined gypsum or calcium sulphate. 
p., adhesive (emplasirum adhesivum, U. S. P.), a 
plaster prepared by melting rubber and adding 
petrolatum and lead plaster, p.-bandage, a bandage 
stiffened with plaster of Paris, p., belladonna. 
See belladonna plaster, p., blistering, cerate of can- 
tharides. p., capsicum. See capsicum plaster. 
p., court-, a mixture of isinglass, glycerine, and 
alcohol spread upon silk, p., diachylon, p., lead. 
See plumbi, emplastrum, under plumbum, p. jacket, 
a bandage of plaster of Paris for the trunk, p., 
mercurial. See mercury plaster, p.-mull, a plaster 
made by incorporating with mull or thin muslin a 
mixture of guttapercha and some medicament 
dissolved in benzine. It is used in skin diseases. 
p., mustard-, one made by spreading upon muslin 
powdered mustard, or a mixture of mustard and 
flour reduced to the consistence of paste by the 
addition of water, p., opium. See opium piaster. 
p.-of-Paris, a mixture of calcium sulphate (gypsum) 
and water, having the property of becoming hard 
during drying. It is used for surrounding parts, 
such as joints, fractured limbs, etc., with a stiff 
casing, to prevent mobility, p., resin, a lead- 
plaster with the addition of resin and wax. p., 
soap. See soap plaster, p., spice-, a plaster com- 
posed of yellow wax, suet, turpentine, oil of nutmeg, 
olibanum, benzoin, oil of peppermint, and oil of 
cloves, and used to relieve abdominal pain in children. 
p., strengthening, one containing iron, p., warming, 
a plaster of pitch and cantharides. 

plastic (plas'-tik) [ir\a<r<reu>, to mold]. 1. Forma- 
tive; building up tissues; repairing defects, as plastic 
surgery, plastic operation. 2. Capable of being 
molded, p. bronchitis, pseudomembranous bron- 
chitis, p. force, the generative force of the body. 
p. linitis, cirrhosis of the stomach, p. lymph, the 
inflammatory exudate that covers wounds or in- 
flamed serous surfaces, and becomes organized by 
the development in it of blood-vessels and connective 
tissues. 

plasticity (plas-tis'-it-e) [plastic]. 1. Plastic force. 
2. The quality of being plastic. 

plasticule (plas'-tik-ul) [irXaaaeiv, to mold]. A 
molecule of plastic material not yet fully organized; 
a plastidule. 

plastid (plas'-tid) [vKturaew, to mold]. An ele- 
mentary organism; a cell or cytode. 

plastidule (plas'-tid-ul) [dim. of plastid, an ele- 
mentary organism]. A protoplasmic molecule; 
one of the physical units of which living matter is 
composed. 

plastm (plas'-tin) [irXaxraeiv, to mold]. A phos- 
phorized protein, constituting the chief proteid of 
protoplasm. 



PLASTODYNAMIA 



691 



PLEOMASTIA 



plastodynamia (plas-to-di-nam'-e-ah) [plasto-; bvva- 
juis, power]. Nutritive plastic power. 

plastogamy (plas-tog'-am-e) [plasma; ya/ios, mar- 
riage]. Permanent conjugation of cells which is 
limited to the cytoplasm. 

plate (plat) [wXarvs, broad]. I. A flattened part, 
especially a flattened process of bone. 2. A thin 
piece of metal or some other substance to which 
false teeth are attached, p., approximation-, one 
of the plates of decalcified bone or other material 
that are used in enterectomy to bring the resected 
ends of intestine together, p., auditory, the bone- 
plate forming the roof of the auditory meatus, p., 
axial, the primitive streak of the embryo, p.s, 
blood-. See blood- platelets, p., bone-. See p., 
approximation-, p., cribriform, the horizontal plate 
of the ethmoid bone constituting the floor of the 
olfactory fossa and perforated for the passage of the 
olfactory nerves, p.-culture, a method of obtaining 
pure cultures of bacteria by pouring the inoculated 
culture-medium upon sterile glass plates and allowing 
it to solidify, p., dorsal, one of the two longitudinal 
ridges on the dorsal surface of the embryo which 
subsequently join to form the neural canal, p., 
end-. See end-plate, p. equatorial, the compressed 
mass of chromosomes aggregated at the equator of 
the nuclear spindle during karyokinesis. p.s, 
facial, the frontonasal and external group of nasal 
and maxillary plates of the embryo, p., foot, the 
flat part of the stapes, p., Franklin, a glass plate 
partly covered on both sides with tin-foil, used as a 
condenser in frictional electricity, p., frontal, in the 
fetus, a cartilaginous plate interposed between the 
lateral parts of the ethmoid cartilage and the lesser 
wings and anterior portion of the sphenoid bone. 
p., frontonasal, the middle of the facial plates, which 
subsequently forms the external nose, p., lateral 
mesoblastic, the thick portion of the mesoblast 
situated one on each side of the notochord. Each 
plate splits into two portions, the outer divisions 
coalescing to form the body-wall, or somatopleure, 
the inner, to form the splanchnopleure, or visceral 
covering, p.s, maxillary, p.s, maxillary, inferior, 
the first pair of subcranial plates from which the 
mandible is developed, p., medullary or neural. 
Same as p., dorsal, p., nuclear. See nuclear plate. 
p., palate, the part of the palate-bone which, with 
its opposite fellow, forms the roof of the mouth. 
p.s, pterygoid, two plates into which the pterygoid 
process of the sphenoid bone divides, p.s, sub- 
cranial. See arches, pastoral, p., tympanic, the 
bony sides and floor of the auditory meatus. 

platelets, blood (plat' -lets). Small discs in the 
blood, light gray in color, and of uncertain function. 

platetrope (plat'-e-trop). See platytrope. 

platiculture (pla-ti-kul'-chur). The cultivation of 
bacteria on plates. 

plating (pla'-ting). See platiculture. 

platinic (plat-in' -ik) [platinum]. Containing plati- 
num as a quadrivalent element. 

platinode (plat'-in-od) [platinum; 656s, way]. 
The negative or receiving plate of an electric battery, 
so-called because formerly often made of plati- 
num. 

platinous (plat'-in-us) [platinum]. Containing 
platinum as a bivalent element. 

platinum (plat'-in-um) [Sp., platina, dim. of plata, 
silver]. A silver-white metal occurring native or 
alloyed with other metals; atomic weight 195.2; sp. 
gr. 21.5; quantivalence II and IV; symbol Pt. It is 
fusible only at very high temperatures, and is in- 
soluble in all acids except nitrohydrochloric. On 
account of these properties it is extensively used for 
chemical apparatus — crucibles, foils, wire, etc.; it is 
also employed as a reagent. Platinum occurs, 
aside from its ordinary metallic form, as a spongy 
mass (spongy platinum) and as a fine metallic powder 
(platinum-black), which is capable of condensing a 
great deal of oxygen, and hence acts as a powerful 
oxidizing agent. Platinum forms two sets of com- 
pounds — a platinous series, in which it acts as a diad, 
and a platinic series, in which it acts as a tetrad. 
p. chloride, PtCU, is used as a reagent to detect 
potassium and ammonium; also in syphilis, in doses 
of i-i gr. (0.008-0.03 Gm.). 

platode, platoid (plal'-od, plat-oid') [wKarxn, broad; 
elSos, form]. In biology, broad or flat, as a worm. 

Piatt's chlorides. A disinfectant liquid said to 
be a solution of the chlorides of magnesium, po- 
tassium, sodium, zinc, and aluminum. 



platy- (plat-e-) [irXarvs, broad]. A prefix signi- 
fying broad. 

platycelian, platycelous (plat-is-el'-e-an, plat-is- 
el'-us). Concave in front and convex behind. 

platycephalic, platycephalous (plat-is-ef-al'-ik, plat- 
is-ef'-al-us) [platy-; Ke<t>a\-q, head]. Having a broad 
skull with a vertical index of less than 70. 

platycephaly (plat-is-ef -al-e) [platy-; Ke<paKi), head]. 
The quality of being platycephalous. 

platycnemia (plat-ik-ne' -me-ah) [platy-; Kviuirj, 
leg]. The state of being platycnemic. 

platycnemic (plat-ik-ne' -mik) [see platycnemia]. 
Having a tibia which is exaggerated in breadth; 
broad-legged. 

platycoria, platycoriasis (plat-ik-o'-re-ah, plat-ik- 
o-ri'-as-is) [platy-; Koprj, pupil]. Expansion of the 
pupil; mydriasis. 

platycrania (plat-e-kra'-ne-ah) [platy-; upavlov, 
skull]. The flattened condition of the skull produced 
artificially among savage tribes. 

platycyte (plat'-is-it) [platy-; kvtos, a cell]. A cell 
intermediate in size between a giant-cell and a 
leukocyte, found in tubercle nodules. 

Platyhelminthes (plat-e-hel-min'-thez) [platy-; eX- 
hips, a worm]. Flat-bodied, more or less elongated 
worms, usually containing both sexual elements at 
the same time. They include flat-worms, flukes, and 
tapeworms. 

platyhieric (plat-e-hi-er'-ik) [platy-; Upos, sacrum]. 
Having a broad sacrum; having a sacral index of 
more than 100. 

platymorphia (plat-e-mor'-fe-ah) [platy-; p.op<pi), 
form]. A flatness in the formation of the eye and 
shortening of the anteroposterior diameter, resulting 
in hyperopia. 

platymyoid (plat-e-mi'-oid). Applied to muscle- 
cells in which the contractile layer presents an even 
surface. 

platyopia (plat-e-o'-pe-ah) [platy-; &\p, face]. 
Broadness of the face; the quality of being platyopic. 

platyopic (plat-e-op'-ik) [platy-; u\p, face]. In 
biology, having a face wide across the eyes, as in the 
Mongolian races; having the naso-malar index 
below 107. 5°. 

platypellic (plat-e-pel'-ik) [platy-; u-eXXa, basin]. 
Having a broad pelvis. 

platypodia (plat-e-po' -de-ah) [platy-; irovs, foot]. 
Flat-footedness. 

platyrrhine (plat' -ir -in) [platy-; pis, nose]. Having 
a broad and flat nose; having a nasal index above 53. 

platyrrhiny, platyrhiny (plat' -ir-i-ne) [platy-; pis, 
nose]. The condition of having a platyrrhine skull. 

platysma (plat-iz'-mah) [irXarvs, broad]. Anything 
of considerable superficial dimensions; also, a plaster. 
p. myoides. See under muscle. 

platystencephalia, platystencephaly (plat-is-ten- 
sef-a'-le-ah, plat-is -ten-sef -al-e) [7rXaru<rraros, widest; 
iyKk<pa\os, brain]. The condition of a skull very 
wide at the occiput and with prominent jaws. 

platytrope (plat'-et-rop) [platy-; rpeweiv, to turn]. 
In biology, one of two symmetrically related parts on 
opposite sides of the meson; a lateral homologue. 

Plaut's angina (plowt). See Vincent's angina. 

Playfair's treatment (pla'-far) [William Smoult 
Playfair, English physician, 1 836-1903]. See Mit- 
chell's treatment. 

plectrum (plek'-trum) [wK^ktpov, a spur: pi., plectra]. 
The styloid process of the temporal bone; the tongue; 
the uvula; the malleus. 

pledget (plej'-et) [origin obscure, perhaps dim. of 
plug]. A small flattened compress. 

plegaphonia (pleg-af-o' -ne-ah) [-n-^yn, stroke; 4>wvq, 
sound]. The sound produced in auscultatory per- 
cussion of the larynx, the glottis being open. 

plegometer (pleg-om'-et-er). Synonym of plexi- 
meter. 

Plehn's karyochromatophilic granules (plan) 
[Albert Plehn, German physician, 1861- ]. 
Basophile granules observed in the protozoan para- 
site of malaria. 

pleochroic (ple-o-kro'-ik). See pleochromatic. 

pleochroism (ple-ok' -ro-izm) [ifKtuv, more; xpoa, 
color]. The property possessed by some bodies, 
especially crystals, of presenting different colors 
when viewed in the direction of different axes. 

pleochromatic (ple-o-kro-mat'-ik) [see pleochroism]. 
Pertaining to or exhibiting pleochroism. 

pleocytosis (ple-o-si-to'-sis). Increase of lympho- 
cytes in the cerebrospinal fluid. 

pleomastia, pleomazia (ple-o-mas'-te-ah, ple-o-ma'- 



PLEOMORPHIC 



692 



PLEUROPERITONITIS 



ze-ah) [ir\kuv, more; naaros, or /xafos, breast]. The 
condition of having more than two mammae. See 
polymastia. 

pleomorphic (ple-o-mor'-fik) [see pleomorphism]. 
Having more than one form. 

pleomorphism (ple-o-mor'-fizm) [irAeaw, more; 
uop<j>rj, form]. The state of being pleomorphic, 
i. e., of existing in widely different forms. 

pleonasm (ple'-o-nazm) [irXeovaanfc, an exaggera- 
tion]. Any deformity marked by superabundance 
of certain organs or parts. 

plerosis (ple-ro'-sis) [wXripuais, a filling], i. The 
restoration of lost tissue. 2. Plethora. 

plesiomorphic (ples-e-o-mor'-fik) [ir\rj<rios, near; 
fiop<pri, form]. Almost identical in form. 

plesiomorphous (ples-e-o-mor'-fus) [irXrfo-ios, near; 
fiop<pr), form]. Crystallizing in similar forms but 
differing in chemical composition. 

plesiopia (ples-e-o'-pe-ah) [ir\r)<rios, near; ty, eye]. 
Increased convexity of the crystalline lens, pro- 
ducing myopia, and due to long-continued accommo- 
dation-strain. 

plessesthesia, plessaesthesia (ples-es-the' -ze-ah) 
[irXrjao-eiv, to strike; aladrjais, perception by the senses]. 
Palpatory percussion performed by placing the left 
middle finger firmly against the body surface and 
percussing with the index-finger of the right hand, 
allowing it to remain in contact with the left finger 
for a few seconds. 

plessigraph (pies' -e-graf) [TrXrjaaeiv, to strike; 
ypaxpeiv, to write]. A form of pleximeter which 
permits close distinctions to be made in the quality 
of the sounds elicited, and by means of a crayon 
attached to the stem, organs or dull areas may be 
mapped on the surface of the skin. 

plessimeter (ples-im' -et-er) . See pleximeter. 

plessor (pies' -or). See plexor. 

plethora (pleth'-or-ah) [irXrjOos, fulness]. A state 
characterized by an excess of blood in the vessels, 
and marked by reddish color of the face, a full pulse, 
a feeling of fulness and tension in the head, drowsi- 
ness, and a tendency to nosebleed. 

plethoric (pleth'-or-ik) [plethora]. Pertaining to or 
characterized by plethora. 

plethysmography (pleth-iz'-mo-graf) [■w\r]dv<rp.6s, in- 
creasing; ypa<j>eLv, to write]. An instrument for 
ascertaining changes in the volume of an organ or 
part, dependent upon changes in the quantity of the 
blood. 

pleura (ploo'-rah) [irXevpa, a side]. The serous 
membrane which envelops the lung (p., pulmonary), 
and, which being reflected back, lines the ental sur- 
face of the thorax (p., costal), p. costalis. See p., 
costal, p., diaphragmatica, the reflection of the 
pleura upon the upper surface of the diaphragm. 
p. mediastinalis, a continuation of the costal pleura 
covering the side of the mediastinum, p., parietalis. 
Synonym of p., costal, p., pericardiaca, the portion 
of the pleura contiguous to the pericardium, p. 
phrenica. Synonym of p., diaphragmatica. p. pul- 
monalis. Synonym of p., pulmonary, p., visceralis. 
Synonym of p., pulmonary. 

pleuracentesis (ploo-rah-sen-te'-sis). Same as 
pleurocentesis. 

pleural (ploo'-ral) [pleura]. Pertaining to the pleura. 

pleuralgia (ploo-ral'-je-ah) [pleura; a\yos, pain]. 
Pain in the pleura or in the side; intercostal neuralgia. 

pleuralgic (ploo-ral'-jik) [pleura; &\yos, pain]. 
Pertaining to or affected with pleuralgia. 

pleurapophyseal (ploo'-rap-off-iz'-e-al) [pleura ; &ir6<p- 
vtris, offshoot]. Pertaining to a pleurapophysis. 

pleurapophysis (ploo-rap-of -is-is) [pleura; apophy- 
sis]. One of the lateral processes of a vertebra, 
having the morphologic valence of a rib. 

pleurapostema (ploo-rap-os-te'-mah) [pleura; kizba- 
rrjp.a, abscess]. A collection of pus in the pleural 
cavity. 

pleurarthrocace (ploo-rar-throk'-as-e) [pleura ; apBpov, 
joint; kcucos, evil]. Disease of the costovertebral 
joints; also, caries of the ribs. 

pleurarthron (ploo-rar'-thron) [pleura; apdpov, joint]. 
The articulation of a rib. 

pleurectomy (ploo-rek'-to-me) [pleura; iKrofiri, a 
cutting out]. Excision of one or more ribs, in 
whole or in part. 

pleurisy (ploo'-ris-e) [pleura]. Pleuritis; inflamma- 
tion of the pleura. It may be acute or chronic. 
Three chief varieties are usually described, depending 
upon the character of the exudate: (1) Fibrinous or 
plastic; (2) serofibrinous; (3) purulent. In fibrinous 



pleurisy the pleura is covered with a layer of lymph 
of variable thickness, which, in the acute form, can 
be readily stripped off. Serofibrinous pleurisy is 
characterized by the presence of a considerable 
quantity of fluid containing flocucli of lymph, and 
the deposit of some fibrin on the pleural surface. 
Purulent pleurisy, or empyema, is characterized by 
the presence of a purulent exudate. Acute pleurisy 
is marked by sharp and stabbing pain (stitch) in the 
side, increased by breathing and coughing; by fever, 
and by a friction-fremitus felt on palpation and a 
to-and-fro friction-sound heard on auscultation. 
In the serofibrinous variety a liquid effusion takes 
place, the signs of which are: bulging of the inter- 
costal spaces and chest-wall, absence of vocal fremi- 
tus, displacement of the heart, movable dulness with 
a curved upper line, and a tympanitic percussion- 
note (Skodaic resonance) beneath the clavicle and 
above the level of the effusion. Chronic pleurisy- 
may be dry or serofibrinous, p., diaphragmatic, 
that restricted to the pleural surface of the dia- 
phragm, p., dry, that attended with little or no- 
effusion of fluid, p., encysted, pleurisy in which 
the effusion is circumscribed by adhesions, p., 
false, pleurodynia, p., fetid, that marked by the 
presence of fetid fluid, p., hemorrhagic, a variety 
in which the exudate contains blood, p., humid, 
p., moist, that accompanied by expectoration, 
p., ichorous. Same as p., fetid, p., interlobar, 
that affecting the pleural layers between the lobes. 
p., latent, a form without the subjective symptoms. 
p., mediastinal, inflammation of the pleural layers 
about the mediastinum, p., metapneumonic, pleu- 
risy dependent upon a pneumonia, p., plastic, 
that marked by a deposit of a layer of semisolid 
exudate, p., purulent. Same as empyema, p., 
serofibrinous, a form marked by fluid exudate con- 
taining flocculi and the deposit of some fibrin, p. 
s cca. See p., 'dry. 

pleuritic (ploo'-rit'-ik) [pleurisy]. Pertaining to, 
affected with, or of the nature of pleurisy. 

pleuritis (ploo'-ri'-tis). See pleurisy. 

pleuro- (ploo'-ro-) [irXevpa, side]. A prefix denoting 
connection with the pleura or with a side or rib. 

pleurocele (ploo'-ro-sel) [pleuro-; ktjXti, hernia]. 
1. Hernia of the lung. 2. A serous effusion into the 
pleural cavity. 

pleurocentesis (ploo-ro-sen-te'-sis) [pleuro- ; Kkvrt\<jis, 
a pricking]. Surgical puncture of the pleura. 

pleurocentral (ploo-ro-sen'-tral). Pertaining to a 
pleurocentrum. 

pleurocentrum (ploo-ro-sen'-trum) [pleuro-; nkvrpov, 
center: pi., pleurocentra], A hemicentrum; the 
lateral element in a vertebral centrum. 

pleurocholecystitis (ploo-ro-ko-le-sist-i'-tis) [pleuro- ; 
X0X17, bile; cystitis]. Simultaneous inflammation of 
the pleura and the gall-bladder. 

pleuroclysis (ploo-rok'-lis-is) [pleuro-; k\v<tu, a 
wash]. The injection of fluids into, or the washing 
out of the pleural cavity. 

pleurocolic (ploo-ro-kol'-ik) [pleuro-; colon]. Costo- 
colic; joining the side and the colon. 

pleurocollesis (ploo-ro-kol-e'-sis) [pleuro-; KoXXrjais, 
a glueing]. Adhesion of the pleural layers. 

pleurocutaneous (ploo-ro-ku-ta'-ne-us) [pleuro- ; 
cutis, skin]. In relation with the pleura and the 
skin, as a pleurocutaneous fistula. 

pleurodont (ploo'-ro-dont) [pleuro-; 656vs, tooth]. 
In biology, a tooth, or an animal bearing teeth, 
fastened into the jaw by a lateral ankylosis; as in 
certain lizards. 

pleurodynia (ploo-ro-din'-e-ah) [pleuro- ; odvvrj, pain]. 
A sharp pain in the intercostal muscles, of rheumatic 
origin. 

pleurogenic, pleurogenous (ploo-ro-jen'-ik, ploo-roj'- 
en-us) [pleuro-; yewav, to produce]. Originating in 
the pleura. 

pleurohepatitis (ploo-ro-hep-at-i'-tis) [pleuro-; ^7rap, 
liver; tru, inflammation]. Inflammation of the 
pleura and the liver. 

pleurolith (ploo'-ro-lith) [pleuro-; \ldos, a stone]. 
A calculus occurring in the pleura. 

pleuropericarditis (ploo'~ro-per-ik-ar-di'-tis) [pleuro- ; 
pericarditis]. Pleurisy associated with pericarditis. 

pleuroperitoneal (ploo'-ro-per-i-ton-e'-al) [pleuro- ,- 
peritoneum]. Pertaining to the pleura and the peri- 
toneum, p. cavity, the body-cavity. 

pleuroperitonitis (ploo'-ro-per-it-on-i'-tis) [pleuro- ,- 
peritonitis]. The simultaneous existence of pleurisy 
and peritonitis. 



PLEUROPHOROUS 



693 



PLICA 



pleurophorous (ploo-rof -or-us) [pleuro-; (pepew, 
to bear]. Furnished with a membrane. 

pleuropneumonia (ploo-ro-nu-mo'-ne-ah). Com- 
bined inflammation of the pleura and of the lung, 
especially a contagious variety occurring in cattle. 

pleuropulmonary (ploo-ro-pul'-mo-na-re). Pertain- 
ing to the pleura and the lungs. 

pleuropyesis (ploo-ro-pi-e'-sis) [pleuro-; irvrjo-is, 
suppuration]. Purulent pleurisy. 

pleurorrhagia (ploo-ror-a'-je-ah) [pleuro-; p-qyvvvat, 
to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from the pleura. 

pleurorrhea (ploo-ror-e'-ah) [pleuro-; pola, a flow]. 
An effusion of fluid into the pleura. 

pleurosoma (ploo-ro-so'-mah) [pleuro-; avua, a 
body]. A variety of monsters of the species Celo- 
soma, in which there is a lateral eventration with 
atrophy or imperfect development of the upper 
extremity on the side of the eventration. 

pleurosomus (ploo-ro-so'-mus). A monster ex- 
hibiting pleurosomia. 

pleurospasm (ploo'-ro-spazm) [pleuro-; airaa-fios, 
spasm]. Cramp, or spasm in the side. 

pleurosthotonos (ploo-ros-thot'-o-nos). See pleuro- 
thotonos. 

pleurothotonos (ploo-ro-thot'-o-nos) [irXevpoOev, from 
the side; rbvos, tension]. A form of tetanic spasm of 
the muscles in which the body is bent to one side. 

pleurotomy (ploo-rot'-o-me) [pleuro-; to/it), a cutting]. 
Incision into the pleura. 

pleurotyphoid (ploo-ro-ti-foid') . Typhoid fever with 
involvement of the pleura. 

pleurovisceral (ploo-ro-vis'-er-al) [pleuro-; viscus]. 
Pertaining to the pleura or side, and to the viscera. 

plexal (pleks'-al) [plectere, to knit]. Pertaining 
to or of the nature of a plexus. 

plexiform (pleks'-if-orm) [plexus; forma, form]. 
Resembling a network or plexus. 

pleximeter (pleks-im'-et-er) [irXijZis, a stroke; 
ukrpov, a measure]. A disc placed on the body to 
receive the stroke in mediate percussion. 

pleximetric (pleks-im-et'-rik) [pleximeter]. Per- 
taining to or performed with a pleximeter. 

pleximetry (pleks-im'-et-re). Percussion by means 
of a pleximeter. 

plexor (pleks'-or) [wXtj^s, stroke]. A hammer used 
for performing percussion. 

plexus (pleks'-us) [plectere, to knit]. A network, 
especially an aggregation of vessels or nerves forming 
an intricate network, p., aortic, (i) a nerve plexus 
on each side and in front of the abdominal aorta; 
(2) one surrounding the thoracic aorta, p., basilaris, 
the basilar sinus, consisting of a number of veins 
connecting the two subpetrosal sinuses, p., brachial, 
a plexus formed in the neck by the union of the 
anterior branches of the lower four cervical and the 
greater part of the first dorsal nerves. Its branches 
are the rhomboid, subclavian, suprascapular, ex- 
ternal anterior thoracic, musculocutaneous, sub- 
scapular, median musculospiral, posterior thoracic, 
internal anterior thoracic, internal cutaneous, lesser 
internal cutaneous, and ulnar nerves, p., cardiac, 
a plexus of nerves connected with the heart, p., 
cardiac, deep or great, the deep portion of the super- 
ficial cardiac plexus, p., cardiac, superficial, or 
anterior, one in the upper part of the chest, between 
the arch of the aorta and base of the heart. It is 
derived from the sympathetic nerve and is reinforced 
by branches of the inferior, middle, and superior 
cardiac, hypoglossal, and pneumograstric nerves. 
p., carotid, external, one around the external carotid 
artery, p., carotid, internal, one surrounding the 
internal carotid artery, p., cavernous, a sympathetic 
plexus in the cavernous sinus; it furnishes branches 
to the internal carotid artery and connects with the 
motor oculi, patheticus, and trigeminus nerves. 
p., celiac, one close to the celiac axis, p., cervical, 
a plexus in the neck formed by the anterior branches 
of the upper four cervical nerves. Its branches are 
the superficial, to skin of the head and neck; and 
the deep, the phrenic, communicans noni, two muscu- 
lar, and two communicating branches, p., choroid. 
See choroid plexus, p., coccygeal, one on the dorsal 
surface of the coccyx and caudal end of the sacrum. 
p., coronary, anterior, one between aorta and pul- 
monary artery, p., coronary, gastric, one at the 
lesser curvature of the stomach, p., coronary, pos- 
terior, one accompanying the posterior coronary 
artery on the dorsum of the heart, p., crural, one 
surrounding the upper portion of the femoral artery. 
p., cystic, one near the gall-bladder, p., dental, in- 



ferior, one around the roots of the teeth of the lower 
jaw. p., diaphragmatic, one near the phrenic artery. 
p., epigastric. Same as p., solar, p., esophageal, 
one around the esophagus, p., facial, one enveloping 
part of the facial artery, p., gangliform, one formed 
from roots of origin of the inferior maxillary nerve. 
p., gastric, a branch of the celiac plexus accompanying 
the gastric artery, p., gastroduodenal, a branch of 
the celiac plexus, p., hemorrhoidal, inferior and 
middle, nerve-plexus derived from the pelvic plexus 
near the rectum, p., hepatic, a branch of the celiac 
plexus attending the hepatic artery to the liver. 
p., hypogastric, one before the promontory of the 
sacrum, p., hypogastric, inferior. Same as p., 
pelvic, p., infraorbital, one under the levator labii 
superioris muscle, p., intestinal, submucous, Meiss- 
ner's, in the submucosa of the small intestine, p., 
lingual, one around the lingual artery, p., lumbar, 
one formed by the anterior divisions of the lumbar 
spinal nerves in the psoas muscle, p. magnus pro- 
fundus. Same as p., cardiac, deep, p., mesenteric, 
inferior, one around the inferior mesenteric artery. 
p., mesenteric, superior, one around the superior 
mesenteric artery, p., myenteric, Auerbach's, one 
between the circular and longitudinal muscular coats 
of the small intestine, p., nasopalatine, one uniting 
the nasopalatine nerves in the incisor foramen. 
p., obturator, one around the obturator nerve, p., 
occipital, one around the occipital artery, p., 
ophthalmic, one around the ophthalmic artery and 
the optic nerve, p., ovarian, (1) a venous plexus 
in the broad ligament; (2) a nerve plexus distributed 
to the ovaries, p., pampiniform, a venous plexus 
of the spermatic cord, p., pancreatic, one that 
supplies the pancreas, p., pancreaticoduodenal, one 
near the head of the pancreas, p., parotid, the pes 
anserinus, a. v. p., patellar, one in front of the patella. 
p., pelvic, one at the side of the rectum and bladder, 
distributed to the viscera of the pelvis and plexuses 
of the pelvis, p., pharyngeal, (1) nerve-plexuses 
supplying the pharynx; (2) venous plexus at the side 
of the pharynx, p., phrenic, one accompanying 
the phrenic arteries to the diaphragm, p., prostatic, 
one occupying the sides of the prostate, p., ptery- 
goid, a plexus of veins which accompanies the internal 
maxillary artery between the pterygoid muscles. 
p., pulmonary, anterior, one in front of the bronchus, 
whence branches are distributed through the lung. 
p., pulmonary, posterior, one at the back of the 
bronchus, whence branches are distributed through 
the lung, p., pyloric, one near the pylorus, p., 
renal, a plexus derived from the solar and abdominal 
aortic plexuses; it accompanies the renal artery and 
is distributed to the kidney, p., sacral, one ventrad 
of the sacrum, p., semilunar, p., solar. See solar 
plexus, p., spermatic, a nerve-plexus around the 
spermatic vessels, supplying the testes (ovaries in 
females), p., sphenoid, the upper part of the inter- 
nal carotid plexus, p., splenic, one around the 
splenic artery, p., subsartorial, one at the posterior 
border of the sartorius muscle, p., subtrapezial, one 
beneath the trapezius muscle, p., sympathetic, a 
plexus formed by the branches of the sympathetic 
nerve, p., thyroid, inferior, one around the external 
carotid and inferior thyroid arteries, distributed to 
the larynx, pharynx, and thyroid gland, p., thyroid, 
superior, one around the thyroid gland, p., tonsillar, 
one in the tonsil, p., tympanic, the tympanic portion 
of the tympanic nerve, p., uterine, (1) a venous 
plexus on the walls of the uterus, extending into the 
broad ligament; (2) a nerve-plexus supplying the 
cervix and lower part of the uterus, p., vaginal, (1) 
a nerve-plexus supplying the walls of the vagina; 
(2) a venous plexus near the entrance of the vagina. 
p., vertebral, one surrounding the vertebral and 
basilar arteries, p., vesical, one surrounding the 
vesical arteries. 

pli (pie) [Ft.]. 1. A gyrus or convolution. 2. A 
fold. 3- Plica. 

plica (pli'-kah) [L.]. 1. A fold. 2. See p. polonica. 
p. chorioidea, the transverse fold of invaginated 
roof-plate produced by the metencephalic flexure of 
the primitive brain, p. epigastrica, fold of peri- 
toneum covering the deep epigastric artery, p. 
fimbriata, a fold of mucous membrane having a 
fringed free edge on either side of the frenum lingua?. 
p. gubernatrix, a fold of peritoneum containing the 
lower part of the gubernaculum testis, p. hypo- 
gastrica. Same as p. umbilicalis lateralis, p. 
lacrimalis. See Hasner's valves, p. neuropathica, 



PLICATE 



694 



PNEUMARTHROSIS 



a curling of the hair from a nervous derangement, 
plicee palmatae, radiating folds in the mucous mem- 
brane of the cervix, p. polonica, a matted, en- 
tangled condition of the hair, due to want of cleanli- 
ness in certain diseases of the scalp. Syn., Polish 
plait, p. salpingopalatina, a fold of mucous mem- 
brane stretching from the torus tubarius to the 
palate, p. salpingopharyngea, a vertical fold of 
mucous membrane stretching from the torus tubarius 
to the pharynx, p. semilunaris, a conjunctival fold 
in the inner canthus of the eye, the rudiment of the 
nictitating membrane of birds, p. sublingualis, a 
fold of mucous membrane caused by the projection 
of the sublingual gland, p. triangularis, a triangular 
membrane extending from the upper posterior por- 
tion of the anterior faucial pillar backward and 
downward until lost in the tissues at the base of the 
tongue, p. umbilicalis lateralis, fold of peritoneum 
covering the obliterated hypogastric artery, p. 
umbilicalis media, a fold of peritoneum covering the 
urachus. p. urachi. Same as p. umbilicalis media. 
p. vascularis, a fold of peritoneum containing the 
spermatic vessels. 

plicate (pli'-kat) [plicare, to fold]. Folded; 
plaited. 

plication (pli-ka'-shun). A plica or fold. 
plicotomy (pli-kot'-o-me) [plica; ronri, a cutting]. 
Division of the posterior fold of the tympanic mem- 
brane. 

Plimmer's bodies (plim'-er) [Henry George 
Plimmer, English protozoologist]. Intracellular bod- 
ies observed by Plimmer in cancerous tissue. 

plomb (plum) [Fr., plomber, to plug a tooth]. 
A filling for a cavity, p., iodoform (of Mosetig- 
Moorhof), an antibacillary agent for filling bone- 
cavities after operations for tuberculosis or osteo- 
myelitis. It consists of iodoform, spermaceti, and 
oil of sesame, which are sterilized, heated, and 
poured into the cavity, when the mixture solidifies 
and fills it. 

ploration (plo-ra'-shun) [plorare, to weep]. Lacri- 
mation. 

plug. Something that occludes a circular open- 
ing or channel, p., cervical. Synonym of p., mu- 
cous, p., kite-tail, a tampon resembling a kite-tail. 
p., mucous, the mass of inspissated mucus which 
occludes the cervix uteri during pregnancy and is 
discharged at the beginning of labor, p.s, Dittrich's. 
See under Dittrich. 

Plugge's phenol reaction (plu'-geh). A dilute phenol 
solution is rendered intensely red on boiling with a 
solution of mercuric nitrate containing a trace of 
nitrous acid. Metallic mercury Is separated at the 
same time, and an odor of salicylol is given off. 

plugger (plug'-ur). An instrument for the inser- 
tion and impaction of filling materials in cavities in 
teeth. 

plugging (plug'-ing). See tampon, p. instruments, 
dental instruments for introducing and consolidating 
fillings, p. teeth. See filling teeth. 
plumbago (plum-ba'-go). See graphite. 
plumbi (plum'-bi). Genitive of Latin plumbum, 
lead. 

plumbic (plum'-bik) [plumbum]. Pertaining to or 
containing lead. 

plumbism (plum'-bizm) [plumbum]. Lead-poison- 
ing. 

plumbite (plum' -bit). A general term for any 
compound formed by union of lead oxide with a 
base. 

plumbum (plum' -bum) [L.]. Lead, a bluish-white 
metal occurring in nature chiefly as the sulphide, 
PbS, known as galena; atomic weight 207.10; sp. gr. 
11.38; quantivalence II and IV; symbol Pb. The 
salts of lead are poisonous, producing, in sufficient 
doses, gastroenteritis; ingested in small quantities 
over a long period of time chronic lead-poisoning is 
produced. See lead-poisoning, plumbi acetas (U. 
S. P.), lead acetate, Pb(C2H 3 2 )2 . 3H2O. It is used 
as an astringent in diarrhea and dysentery, as a 
hemostatic, and as an astringent and sedative in 
gonorrhea, leukorrhea, conjunctivitis, etc. Dose 
i-3 gr- (0.065-0.2 Gm.). Syn., sugar of lead, plumbi 
carbonas, lead carbonate, white lead, (PbC03>2 . - 
Pb(OH)2, is used as a local sedative in ointments and 
in face-powders. The prolonged use of the latter 
has caused poisoning, plumbi chloridum, lead chlo- 
ride, PbCh, is used like the carbonate, plumbi, 
emplastrum (U. S. P.), lead plaster, is made of lead 
acetate, soap, and water, and is used as an external 



application to irritated surfaces, and in the arts 
for glazing pottery and as an ingredient of fluid glass. 
Combined with olive-oil it constitutes unguentum 
diachylon (U. S. P.). plumbi iodidum (U. S. P.), 
lead iodide, PbL, is used as a local astringent and 
absorbent, plumbi nitras (U. S. P.), lead nitrate, 
Pb(N03)2, is used locally as a sedative to excoriated 
surfaces, as sore nipples, chapped hands; in gonorrhea 
and leukorrhea; in onychia maligna, etc. Ledoyen's 
disinfecting fluid is a solution of lead nitrate of the 
strength of one dram to the ounce, plumbi oxidum 
(U. S. P.), lead oxide or litharge, PbO, is used in the 
making of lead plaster, plumbi oxidum rubrum, 
red lead, minium, is used extensively in the arts as 
a paint and in the manufacture of glass, plumbi 
subacetas, lead subacetate, is a basic salt, plumbi 
subacetatis, ceratum (U. S. P.), is made up of lead 
subacetate, wool-fat, paraffin, white petrolatum, and 
camphor, plumbi subacetatis, liquor (U. S. P., 
B. P.), Goulard's extract, plumbi subacetatis, 
liquor, dilutus (U. S. P., B. P.), lead-water, is used 
as a sedative and astringent in inflammations and 
burns, plumbi tannas, lead tannate, is used as a 
sedative astringent. 

Plummer's pill (plum'-er) [Andrew Plummer, 
Scotch physician, -1756]. Compound pill of 

calomel and antimony. See under antimony. 

plumose, plumous (ploo'-mos, ploo'-mus) [pluma, 
feather]. In biology, having feathers; feathery; 
feathered; of bacteria, denoting a fleecy or feathery 
growth. , 

plumper (plum' -per). One of a pair of pads worn 
in the hollow of the cheeks to give them a rounded 
appearance; sometimes attached to a set of artificial 
teeth. 

plumula (ploo'-mu-lah) [plumula, a little feather; 
pi., plumula]. Minute transverse furrows on the 
roof of the aqueduct of Sylvius. 

Plunkett's caustic, or ointment (plunk' -et). A 
caustic paste composed of the bruised plant of 
Ranunculus acris and of R. flammula, each 24 parts; 
arsenous acid, 3 parts; sulphur, 5 parts. These are 
mixed into a paste, rolled into balls, and dried in the 
sun. When used the ball must be reduced to a pasty 
consistence by rubbing with yolk of egg. 

pluriceptor (ploo-re-sep'-tor) [plus, more; caper e, to 
take]. A receptor with more than two comple- 
mentophile groups. 

pluricordonal (ploo-ri-kord'-on-al) [plus, more; 
chorda, a string]. Having several processes. 

plurifetation (ploo-ri-fe-ta'-shun) [plus, more; fetus]. 
The conception of twins, triplets, etc. 

pluriglandular (ploo-re-glan'-du-lar). Referring to 
more than one gland or to the secretions of more than 
one gland. 

plurilocular (ploo-ril-ok' -u-lar) [plus, more; loculus, 
a cell]. Having more than one cell or loculus; multi- 
locular. 

pluripara (ploo-rip'-ar-ah). See multipara. 

pluriparity (ploo-rip-ar'-it-e) [plus, more; parere, 
to bring forth]. The condition of having borne 
several children. 

pluriseptate (ploo-ris-ep'-tdt) [plus, more; septum, 
a partition].'' Having more than one septum or 
partition. 

plutomania (ploo-to-ma'-ne-ah) [itKovtos, wealth; 
navla, madness]. An insane belief that one is the 
possessor of great wealth. 

pluviometric (ploo-ve-o-met'-rik) [pluvia, rain ; ukrpov, 
a measure]. Relating to the measurement of rain- 
falls. 

pneodynamics (ne-o-di-nam'-iks) [irveiy, to breathe; 
SbvauLs, power]. The dynamics of respiration. 

pneogaster (ne'-o-gas-ter) [irvelv, to breathe; yao-rrip, 
stomach]. In biology, the respiratory tract. 

pneograph (ne'-o-graf) [weiv, to breathe; ypiupeiv, 
to write]. An instrument for recording the force 
and character of the current of air during respiration. 

pneometer (ne-om'-et-er). Synonym of spiro- 
meter. 

pneophore (ne'-o-for) [wtlv, to breathe ; <f>op6s, 
carrying]. An instrument to aid artificial respiration 
in the asphyxiated. 

pneoscope (ne'-o-skop) [-wvtlv, to breathe; cwoiceiv, 
to examine]. An instrument for measuring respira- 
tory movements. 

pneuma (nu'-mah) [irvevp.a, breath]. 1. Air; a 
breath. 2. The vital principle. 

pneumarthrosis (nu-mar-thro'-sis) [irv&jp.a, air; 
apBpov, a joint]. A collection of air or gas in a joint. 



PNEUMASCOPE 



695 



PNEUMOMETRY 



pneumascope (nu'-mah-skop). See pneumatoscope. 

pneumatelectasis (nu-mat-el-ek'-tas-is). Atelec- 
tasis of the lungs. 

pneumathemia (nu-ma-the'-me-ah) [irvev/xa, air; 
alua, blood]. The presence of air or gas in the 
blood-vessels. 

pneumatic (nu-mat'-ik) [-n-vevna, air], i. Pertaining 
to air or gas. 2. Pertaining to respiration. 3- Per- 
taining to compressed or rarefied air. p. cabinet, a 
cabinet for treating a part by compressed or rare- 
fied air. p. speculum. See Siegle's speculum. 
p. trough, a trough partly filled with water for facili- 
tating the collection of gases. 

pneumatics (nu-mat'-iks) [wevfia, air]. The branch 
of physics treating of the physical properties of air 
and gases. 

pneumatinuria (nu-mat-in-ii'-re-ah). See pneu- 
maturia. 

pneumato- {nu-mat-o-) [irvevna, air]. A prefix 
denoting pertaining to air, gas, or breath. 

pneumatocardia (nu-mat-o-kar'-de-ah) [pneumato- ; 
tcapdla, heart]. The presence of air or gas in the 
chambers of the heart. 

pneumatocele (nu'-mat-o-sel) [pneumato-; K17X77, 
tumor]. 1. A swelling containing air or gas. 2. See 
pneumonocele. 3. A swelling of the scrotum pro- 
duced by the presence of gas. 

pneumatochemical (nu-mat-o-kem'-ik-al). 1. Relat- 
ing to the chemistry of gases. 2. Relating to the 
treatment of pulmonary disease by inhalation of 
medicated vapors, p. apparatus of Priestley. See 
pneumatic trough. 

pneumatodyspnea, pneumato dyspnoea {nu-mat-o- 
disp'-ne-ah) [pneumato-; dyspnea]. Emphysematous 
dyspnea. 

pneumatogeny (nil-mat-oj'-en-e) [pneumato-; yev- 
vav, to produce]. Artificial respiration. 

pneumatogram {nil-mat' -o- gram) [pneumato-; ypa.fi- 
ua, inscription]. A tracing showing the frequency, 
duration, and depth of the respiratory movements. 

pneumatograph. See pneumograph. 

pneumatology (nu-mat-ol'-o-je) [pneumato-; ~K6yos, 
science]. 1. The science of respiration. 2. The 
science of gases; also their use as therapeutic agents. 

pneumatometer (nu-mat-om'-et-er). An instrument 
for measuring the pressure of inspiration or expiration 
by the force exerted upon a mercuric column con- 
tained in a U-tube. 

pneumatometry (nu-mat-om'-et-re) [pneumato- ; 
fxkrpov, measure]. 1. The measurement of the force 
in respiration. It is used as a means of diagnosis. 
2. The treatment of pulmonary and circulatory 
diseases by means of a pneumatic apparatus. 

pneumatomphalocele (nu-mat-om-fal'-o-sel) [pneu- 
mato-; dn<j>a\6s, navel; Kt]\rj, tumor]. An umbilical 
hernia containing flatus. 

pneumatorrhachis (nu-mat-or' -a-kis) [pneumato- ; 
paxts, spine]. The presence of air in the spinal canal. 

pneumatoscope (nii'-mat-o-skop) [pneumato-; hko- 
veiv, to examine]. 1. An apparatus for measuring 
the gas in expired air. 2. An instrument for internal 
auscultation of the thorax. 3. An instrument for 
determining the presence of foreign bodies in the 
mastoid sinuses. 4. See pneumograph. 

pneumatosis (nu-mat-o'-sis) [irvevfia, air]. The 
presence of gas or air in abnormal places, or in an 
excessive quantity where a little exists normally. 

pneumatotherapy (nu-mat-o-ther'-ap-e) [pneumato- ; 
OepaweLa, treatment]. The treatment of diseases by 
means of compressed or rarefied air. 

pneumatothorax (nu-mat-o-lho'-raks). See pneu- 
mothorax. 

pneumaturia (nil-mat-u'-re-ah) [pneumato-; ovpov, 
urine]. The evacuation of urine containing free 
gas. 

pneumatype (nu'-mat-ip) [irvevfia, air; rviros, type]. 
Breath-picture. The deposit formed upon a piece 
of glass by the moist air exhaled through the nostrils 
when the mouth is closed. It is employed in the 
diagnosis of nasal obstruction. Slate-paper may be 
used, pulverized sulphur or boric acid being blown 
upon the moistened surface to make a permanent 
record. 

pneumectomy (nu-mek' -to-me) . See pneumonec- 
tomy. 

pneumin (nu'-min). See methylene creosote. 

pneumo- (nu-mo-). The same as pneumono-. 

pneumoarctia (nu-mo-ark' -te-ah) [pneumo-; arctare, 
to contract]. Contraction of the lungs; pneumono- 
stenosis. 



pneumobacillin (nu-mo-bas-il'-in) . A toxic extract 
of pneumobacilli. 

pneumobacillus (nu-mo-bas-iV -us) . The Bacillus 
pneumonia. 

pneumobacterine (nu-mo-bak'-ter-en). A stock 
vaccine obtained from cultures of the pneumococcus. 

pneumocace (nu-mok'-as-e) [pneumo-; kclkos, evil]. 
Gangrene of the lung. 

pneumocele (nii'-mo-sel). See pneumatocele. 

pneumocentesis (nu-mo-sen-te'-sis) [pneumo- ; 
KkvT-q<ns, puncture]. Paracentesis of the lung, especi- 
ally for the purpose of evacuating a cavity. 

pneumocephalus (nu-mo-sef -a-lus) [pneumo-; Ke<f>- 
a\r], head]. The presence of air or gas within the 
cranial cavity. 

pneumochemical. See pneumatochemical. 

pneumochirurgia (nu-mo-ki-rur'-je-ah) [pneumo-; 
xet-povpyLa, surgery]. Surgery of the lungs. 

pneumochysis (nu-mok'-is-is) [pneumo-; x^w, 
a pouring]. Pulmonary edema. 

pneumococcal (nu-mo-kok'-al). Pertaining to or 
caused by pneumococci. 

pneumococcemia, pneumococcaemia (nu-mo-kok- 
se'-me-ah) [pneumococcus ; alfia, blood]. The presence 
of pneumococci in the blood. 

pneumococcia (nu-mo-kok'-se-ah). Generalized 
infection by pneumococci. 

pneumococcus (nu-mo-kok'-us). Any micrococcus 
of the lung; especially the micrococcus lanceolatus. 

pneumoconiosis (nii-mo-kon-e-o' -sis) . See pneumo- 
nokoniosis. 

pneumoderma (nu-mo-der'-mah) [pneumo-; bkpfia, 
skin]. Subcutaneous emphysema. 

pneumoenteritis (nii-mo-en-ter-i'-tis) [pneumo- ; 
enteritis]. Inflammation of the lungs and of the 
intestine. See hog-cholera, p., infectious. Syno- 
nym of hog-cholera. 

pneumoerysipelas (nu-mo-er-e-sip'-el-as). Pneu- 
monia associated with erysipelas. 

pneumogalactocele {nu-mo- gal-ak' '-to-sel) [pneumo-; 
galactocele]. A galactocele containing gas. 

pneumogastric (nu-mo-gas'-trik) [pneumo-; yaarrip, 
stomach]. 1. Pertaining conjointly to the lungs 
and the stomach. 2. Pertaining to the pneumo- 
gastric or vagus nerve, p. nerve. See under nerve. 

pneumogram {nu' -mo-gram) [pneumo-; ypan/xa, 
writing]. The tracing afforded by the pneumograph. 

pneumograph (nu'-mo-graf) [pneumo-; ypafaiv, 
to write]. An instrument for recording the move- 
ments of the chest in respiration. 

pneumography (nu-mog'-ra-fe) [see pneumograph]. 
A description of the lungs. 

pneumohemothorax {nu-mo-hem-o-tho'-raks). A 
collection of air or gas and blood in the pleural 
cavity. 

pneumohydrometra inu-mo-hi-dro-me' -trah) [pneu- 
mo-; hydrometra]. Hydrometra associated with 
the generation of gas in the uterus. 

pneumohydropericardium {nii-mo-hi-dro-per-e-kar' - 
de-um) [pneumo-; v5a>p, water; pericardium]. An 
accumulation of air and fluid in the pericardial sac. 

pneumohydrothorax (nu-mo-hi-dro-tho'-raks). A 
collection of air or gas and fluid in the pleural cavity. 

pneumohypoderma (nu-mo-hi-po-der'-mah) [pneu- 
mo-; viro, under; Skpua, skin]. Subcutaneous emphy- 
sema. 

pneumokoniosis. See pneumonokoniosis. 

pneumolith (jiu'-mo-lith) [pneumo-; \UBos, a stone]. 
A calculus of the lung. 

pneumolithiasis (nu-mo-lith-i'-as-is) [pneumo-; 
\L80s, stone]. The formation of pneumoliths. 

pneumology (nu-mol'-o-je) [pneumo-; X6yos, sci- 
ence]. The sum of scientific knowedge concerning 
the lungs and air-passages. 

pneumolysis (nu-mol'-is-is) [pneumo-; Xwris, a 
loosening]. Loosening from the intrathoracic fascia 
of thickened pleura which causes contraction of the 
lung. 

pneumomalacia (nu-mo-mal-a'-se-ah) [pneumo- ; 
nakaida, softness]. Abnormal softness of the lung. 

pneumomassage (nu-mo-mas-sahzj') [pneumo- ; 
tiavaeiv, to knead]. The application of massage 
or passive motion to the tympanic membrane and 
auditory ossicles by pneumatic means. 

pneumomelanosis. See pneumonomelanosis. 

pneumometer, pneumatometer, pneumomometer 
{nu-mom' -et-er , nu-mat-om'-et-er, nu-mo-mom' -et-er) . 
Synonyms of spirometer. 

pneumometry, pneumatometry (nu-mom'-et-re, nu- 
mat-om'-et-re) [pneumo-; p.irpov, a measure]. 1. The 



PNEUMOMYCOSIS 



696 



PNEUMOPALUDISM 



measurement of the force of respiration. 2. The 
treatment of pulmonary and circulatory diseases by 
means of a pneumatic apparatus. 

pneumomycosis (nu-mo-mi-ko'-sis). A disease of 
the lungs due to fungi. 

pneumon- (nu'-mon) [irvevixuv, lung]. A prefix 
denoting connection with or relation to the lungs. 

pneumonalgia (nu-mo-nal'-je-ah) [pneumon-; aKyos, 
pain]. Pain in the lung. 

pneumonatelectasis (nu-mon-at-el-ek'-tas-is) [pneu- 
mon-; atelectasis]. Atelectasis of the lung. 

pneumonectasia, pneumonectasis (nu-mon-ek-ia'- 
ze-ah, nu-mon-ek' -tas-is) [pneumono-; inratris, dis- 
tention]. Emphysema of the lung. 

pneumonectomy (nu-mon-ek' -to-me) [pneumono-; 
eKTon-f], excision]. Excision of a portion of a lung. 

pneumonedema (nu-mon-e-de'-mah) [pneumon- ; 
edema]. Edema of the lungs. 

pneumonemia, pneumonaemia (nu-mon-e'-me-ah) 
[pneumon-; alua, blood]. Congestion of the lungs. 

pneumonemphraxis (nu-mon-em-fraks'-is) [pneu- 
mon-; en<j>pa£is, obstruction]. Obstruction of the 
lungs or the bronchi. 

pneumonemphysema (nu-mon-em-fiz-e'-mah) 

[pneumo-; e^va-qua, inflation]. Emphysema of the 
lungs. 

pneumonia (nu-mo'-ne-ah) [irvebfiwv, lung]. In- 
flammation of the lung; pneumonitis. Used without 
qualification, the term implies lobar pneumonia 
(q. v.). p., abortive, acute congestion not followed 
by other stages, p., acute, lobar pneumonia, most 
often due to a specific microorganism, p., alcoholic, 
the croupous pneumonia of drunkards, often asso- 
ciated with delirium, and very fatal, p., apex-, 
p., apical, croupous pneumonia of the apex of a lung. 
p., aspiration-, a bronchopneumonia due to the 
inspiration of food-particles or other irritant sub- 
stances into the lung, p., bronchial, p., catarrhal. 
Synonym of bronchopneumonia, p., central, a 
croupous pneumonia beginning in the interior of a 
lobe of the lung. The physical signs are obscure 
until the inflammation reaches the surface, p., 
cerebral, a form associated with marked cerebral 
symptoms. It is most common in children, and in 
the beginning resembles meningitis, p., cheesy. 
See p., desquamative, p., chronic. Seep, interstitial. 
p., contusion, that following contusion of the chest. 
p., croupous. See p., lobar, p., deglutition-. Syno- 
nym of p., aspiration-, p., desquamative, a form 
characterized chiefly by an intense desquamation 
of the cells lining the air-vesicles, a proliferation of 
the connective-tissue cells of the septa between the 
vesicles, and the exudation of a scanty albuminous 
fluid. The exudate generally undergoes caseous 
degeneration, p., disseminated, bronchopneumonia. 
p., double, lobar pneumonia of both lungs, p., 
embolic, pneumonia due to embolism of the vessels 
of the lung, p., ephemeral, congestion of the lungs. 
p., fibrinous. See p., lobar, p., fibroid, p., fibrous. 
Synonym of p., interstitial, p., gangrenous, gangrene 
of the lung, p., hypostatic, a lobular pneumonia 
occurring in the dependent portions of the lungs of 
persons debilitated by age or disease, and depending 
on the weakened circulation and respiration and the 
dorsal decubitus, p., indurative. See p., desquama- 
tive. _ p., insular. Synonym of bronchopneumonia. 
p., interstitial, a chronic inflammation of the lung 
characterized by an increase of the connective 
tissue. Syn., cirrhosis of the lung; fibroid pneumonia. 
p., larval, that presenting only initial symptoms. 
p., lobar, an acute infectious disease characterized by 
an inflammation of one or more lobes of the lung, 
the affected parts becoming consolidated, owing to 
the exudation of cells and fibrin into the air- vesicles. 
The exciting cause is usually Diplococcus pneumonia. 
of Frankel, but other microorganisms may produce it. 
Syn., croupous pneumonia; lung-fever, p., lobular. 
Synonym of bronchopneumonia, p., massive, lobar 
pneumonia in which not only the air-cells, but the 
bronchi of an entire lobe, or even of a lung, are filled 
with the fibrinous exudate, p. migrans, p., migratory, 
a form involving one lobe after another, p., pleuritic, 
pleuropneumonia, p., pleurogenic, p., pleurogenous, 
pneumonia secondary to disease of the pleura. 
p., purulent, one characterized by the formation of 
pus; it appears under three forms, suppuration of 
the minute bronchi and air-vesicles — purulent 
catarrh; true abscess of the lung; suppurative 
lymphangitis and perilymphangitis, p., septic, 
lobular pneumonia due to the inspiration of septic 



material or to septic emboli, p., superficial, that 
restricted to parts near the pleura, p., syphilitic, 
inflammation of the lung due to syphilis and mani- 
festing itself as the white pneumonia of the fetus; 
as gumma of the lung; as interstitial pneumonia, 
taking its origin at the root of the lung and passing 
along the bronchi and vessels; and as acute syphilitic 
phthisis, analogous to acute pneumonic phthisis. 
p., tubular. Synonym of bronchopneumonia, p., 
typhoid, that attended with typhoid symptoms. 
p. vera, lobar pneumonia not complicated with other 
diseases or forms, p., vesicular, bronchopneumonia. 
p., wandering, that which affects different parts of 
the lung in succession and seems to be associated 
with erysipelas, p., white, a catarrhal form of 
pneumonia occurring in a syphilitic fetus and resulting 
in death. By an overgrowth of epithelium in the 
air-vesicles the cells die, and fatty degeneration 
follows, giving the lungs a white appearance, with 
the imprint of the ribs on their surface. 

pneumonic (nu-mon'-ik) [see pneumonia]. Per- 
taining to the lungs or to pneumonia, p. phthisis, 
tuberculosis affecting a whole lobe of the lung. 

pneumonitis (nu-mon-i'-tis). Pneumonia. 

pneumono- (nu-mon-o-) [irveb^wv, lung]. A prefix 
denoting pertaining to the lungs. 

pneumonocace (nu-mon-ok'-as-e) [pneumono-; «a- 
kos, evil]. Gangrene of the lung. 

pneumonocele (nu'-mon-o-sel) [pneumono-; kt/Xt], 
hernia]. Hernia of the lung. 

pneumonocentesis (nu-mon-o-sen-fe'-sis) . Same as 
pneumocentesis. 

pneumonocirrhosis (nii-mon-o-sir-o'-sis) [pneu- 
mono-; cirrhosis]. Cirrhosis of the lung, interstitial 
pneumonia. 

pneumonodynia (nii-mon-o-din'-e-ah) [pneumono- ; 
65vv7), pain]. Pain referred to the lungs. 

pneumonokoniosis (nu-mon-o-kon-e-o'-sis) [pneu- 
mono- ; kovls, dust]. A general term applied to chronic 
induration or fibrous inflammation of the lungs due 
to the inhalation of dust. Various names are given 
to it according to the kind of dust causing the in- 
flammation: anthracosis, that due to the inhalation 
of coal-dust; siderosis, that due to inhalation of 
metallic dust; chalicosis, that due to the inhalation 
of mineral dust. 

pneumonolithiasis (nu-mon-o-lith-i'-as-is) [pneu- 
mono-; \L9os, stone]. _ The formation of pneumoliths. 

pneumonomelanosis (nu-mon-o-mel-an-o'-sis) 

[pneumono-; n'ekas, black; v6<ros, disease]. Anthra- 
cosis of the lung. 

pneumonometer (nu-mon-om'-et-er). Synonym of 
spirometer. 

pneumonomycosis (nu-mon-o-mi-ko' -sis) . See 

pneumomycosis. 

pneumonoparalysis (nu-mon-o-par-aV -is-is) [pneu- 
mono-; paralysis]. Paralysis of the lung. 

pneumonopathy (nu-mon-op' -ath-e) [pneumono-; 
irados, disease]. Any disease of the lung. 

pneumonopexy (nu-mon' -o-peks-e) [pneumono-; 
■wfihs, a fixing]. Fixation of a stump of lung tissue 
to the thoracic wall in connection with pneumonec- 
tomy for gangrene, hernia, or other pulmonary 
lesion. 

pneumonophlebitis (nu-mon-o-fleb-i'-tis) [pneu- 
mono- ; <j>\k\p, vein; im, inflammation]. Inflammation 
of the pulmonary veins. 

pneumonophthisis (nu-mon-off'-this-is) [pneumono- ; 
<j>9i<rt.s, a wasting]. A destructive process in the 
lungs. 

pneumonopleuritis (nu-mon-o-ploo-ri'-tis). Syno- 
nym of pleuropneumonia. 

pneumonorrhagia (nu-mon-or-a'-je-ah) [pneumono-; 
prtyvvvat, to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from the 
lungs. 

pneumonorrhaphy (nu-mon-or'-af-e) [pneumono-; 
pa<j>ri, a seam]. Suture of lacerations of the lung. 

pneumonosepsis (nu-mon-o-sep'-sis) [pneumono-; 
arj\{/is, putrefaction]. Septic inflammation of the 

lung - , : 

pneumonosis (nu-mon-o' -sis) [pneumo-; vbaos, dis- 
ease]. Any affection of the lungs. 

pneumonostenosis (nu-mon-o-sten-o'-sis). Con- 
traction of a lung. 

pneumonotomy (nu-mon-ot'-o-me) [pneumo-; ronn, 
a cutting]. Surgical incision of the lung. 

pneumopaludism (nu-mo-paV -u-dizm) [pneumo- ; 
paludism]. A manifestation of malaria characterized 
by the impairment of the percussion resonance at 
one apex, bronchial respiratory murmurs, broncho- 



PNEUMOPARESIS 



697 



PODOPHYLLUM 



phony, without rales, friction, or expectoration;, 
cough occurs in paroxysms. 

pneumoparesis (nu-mo-par'-es-is) [pneumo-; pare- 
sis]. Progressive congestion of the lungs apparently 
depending on vasomotor deficiency or other fault 
of innervation; simple respiratory failure. 

pneumopericarditis (nu-mo-per-ik-ar-di'-tis) [pneu- 
mo-; pericarditis]. Pericarditis with the formation 
of gas in the pericardial sac. 

pneumopericardium (nu-mo-per-e-kar'-de-um) . 

The presence of air in the pericardial sac. It is due 
to traumatism or to communication between the 
pericardium and the esophagus, stomach, or lungs, 
and is marked by tympany over the precordial region 
and peculiar metallic heart-sounds. 

pneumoperitoneum {nu-mo-per-it-on-e'-um) [pneu- 
mo-; peritoneum]. The presence of gas in the peri- 
toneal cavity. 

pneumoperitonitis {nu-mo-per-it-on-i'-tis) [pneumo- ; 
peritonitis]. Peritonitis with the presence of gas 
in the peritoneal cavity. 

pneumopexy (nu'-mo-peks-e). Same as pneumono- 
pexy. 

pneumophthisis {nu-moff'-this-is) [pneumo-; 4>dlais, 
wasting]. A destructive process in the lung. 

pneumophyma {nu-mo-fi'-mah) [pneumo-; <pvua, 
growth; pi., pneumophymata]. A tubercle of the lung. 

pneumophymia (nu-mo-fi'-me-ah) [pneumo-; <j>vna, 
growth]. Tuberculosis of the lung. 

pneumopleuritis (nu-mo-ploo-ri'-tis) [pneumo- ; 
pleura; ins, inflammation]. Conjoined inflammation 
of the lungs and pleura. 

pneumoprotein {nu-mo-pro'-te-in). A protein 
elaborated by pneumococci. 

pneumoptysis (nu-mop'-tis-is). Same as hemoptysis. 

pneumopyopericardium (nu-mo-pi-o-per-e-kar'-de- 
um) [pneumo-; irvov, pus; pericardium]. The presence 
of air or gas and pus in the pericardial sac. 

pneumopyothorax (nu-mo-pi-o-tho'-raks) [pneumo- ; 
irvov, pus; thorax]. The presence of air and pus in 
the pleural cavity. 

pneumopyra (nu-mo-pi'-rah) [pneumo-; irvp, fire]. 
Malignant bronchitis. 

pneumorrhachis. See pneumatorrhachis. 

pneumorrhagia (nii-mor-a'-je-ah). See hemoptysis. 

pneumosan (nu'-mo-san). Amyl-thio-trimethyl- 
amine chloride; used for intramuscular injection in 
pulmonary tuberculosis. 

pneumoserothorax (nu'-mo-se-ro-tho'-raks) [pneu- 
mo-; serum; 6a>pa£, chest]. The presence of air or 
gas and serum in the pleural cavity. 

pneumotherapy (nu-mo-ther'-ap-e). i. The treat- 
ment of diseases of the lung. 2. See pneumato- 
therapy. 

pneumothermomassage (nu-mo-ther-mo-mas-ahzj') 
[pneumo-; depurj, heat; massage]. The application 
to the body of currents of air of varying degrees of 
pressure and temperature. 

pneumothorax (nic-mo-tho'-raks). The presence 
of air or gas in the pleural cavity. It is produced 
by perforating wounds of the chest, by the rupture 
of an abscess or tuberculous cavity of the lung, by 
the rupture of an emphysematous vesicle, or the 
evacuation of an empyema into the lung or through 
the chest-wall. It is marked by dyspnea, shock, 
pain, a tympanitic (sometimes a dull) percussion-note 
over the affected side, displacement of the heart, 
bell-tympany, and diminished respiratory murmur. 

pneumotomy (nu-mof -o-me) [pneumo-; ropA\, a 
cutting]. Surgical incision of the lung. Synonym 
of pneumonotomy. 

pneumotoxin (nu-mo-toks' -in) [pneumo-; to£u<6v, 
a poison]. A toxin produced by the pneumococcus, 
and believed to be the cause of many of the symptoms 
of lobar pneumonia. Anti pneumotoxin is the name 
given to the antitoxin supposed to exist in the blood 
of persons convalescent from lobar pneumonia. 

pneumotyphoid (nu-mo-ti'-foid) . Synonym of pneu- 
molyphus. 

pneumotyphus (nu-mo-li'-fus) [pneumo-; typhus]. 
1. Typhoid fever beginning with pneumonia de- 
pendent upon the typhoid bacillus. 2. Pneumonia 
occurring in the course of typhoid fever. 

pneumouria (nu-mo-u'-re-ah). See pnuematuria. 

pneusimeter (nii-sim f -et-er) [irvtwis, a breathing; 
ukrpov, a measure]. An apparatus used as a spirom- 
eter to measure the vital capacity of the chest in 
respiration. 

pneusis (nii'-sis) [irvelv, to breathe]. Respiration. 
p. pertussis. Synonym of whooping-cough. 



pnigma (nig'-mah) [irviyeiv, to choke]. Strangu- 
lation. 

pnigophobia (ni-go-fo'-be-ah) [irvlyetv, to choke; 
06jSos, fear]. The fear of choking that sometimes 
accompanies angina pectoris. 

pnigos, pnix, pnixis (ni'-gos, niks, niks'-is). Syn- 
onyms of pnigma. 

pock (pok) [AS., poc, a pustule]. A pustule of an 
eruptive fever, especially of smallpox, p.-marked, 
marked with the cicatrices of the smallpox pustule. 

pocked (pokt). Pitted; marked with pustules. 

pocket (pok'-et). In anatomy, a blind sac, or sac- 
shaped cavity. A diverticulum communicating with 
a cavity. 

pocketing (pok'-et-ing). A mode of treating the 
pedicle in the operation of ovariotomy. It is accom- 
plished by bringing the extremity of the pedicle be- 
tween the inner lips of the incision, at its lower angle, 
thus securing its attachment to the raw surface of the 
abdominal wall. 

pocky {pok'-e). Having pocks or pustules; . in- 
fected with variola or syphilis. 

poculent {pok'-u-lent) [poculum, a goblet]. Drink- 
able; potable. 

poculum (pok'-u-lum) [potare, to drink]. 1. A 
drinking cup. 2. A draught or potion, p. Diogenis 
(di of -en-is), the palm of the hand when held so as 
to form a cup-like cavity. 

podagra (pod-ag'-rah) [irovs, foot; ay pa, seizure]. 
Gout, especially of the great toe or the joints of the 
foot. 

podalgia (pod-al'-je-ah) [irovs, foot; aXyos, pain]. 
Pain in the foot. 

podalic (pod-al'-ik) [irovs, foot]. Pertaining to the 
feet. p. version, the operation of changing the po- 
sition of the fetus in the uterus so as to bring the feet 
to the outlet. 

podarthral (pod-ar'-thral) [irovs, foot; apdpov, a joint]. 
Pertaining to the podar thrum. 

podarthritis (pod-ar-thri'-tis) [irovs, foot; apdpov, 
joint; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the joints 
of the feet. 

podarthrocace (pod-ar-throk'-as-e) [irovs, foot; apdpov 
joint; KaKos, evil]. Caries of the articulations of the 
feet. 

podarthrum (pod-ar' '-thrum) [irovs, foot; apdpov, 
a joint; pi., podarthra]. In biology, the foot-joint 
or metatarso-phalangeal articulation. 

podedema (pod-e-de' '-mah)[ irovs, foot; edema]. 
Edema of the foot. 

podelcoma (pod-el-ko'-mah) . See Madura foot. 

podencephalus {pod-en-sef -al-us) [irovs, foot; iy- 
K&j>a\os, brain]. A variety of monster of the species 
exencephalus, in which there is a protusion of the 
cranial contents from the top of the head. 

podiatrist (pod-e-at'-rist) [irovs, a foot; iarpbs, 
physician]. A specialist in the treatment of diseases 
of the feet. 

podobromidrosis (pod-o-brom-id-ro'-sis) [irovs, foot; 
(ipwpos, stench; ISpws, sweat]. Offensive sweating of 
the feet. 

pododynamometer (pod-o-di-nam-om'-et-ur) [irovs, 
a foot; dynamometer]. An apparatus for testing the 
strength of the muscles of the feet or legs. 

pododynia (pod-o-din'-e-ah) [irovs, foot; bbvvrj, pain]. 
Pain in the foot, especially a neuraglic pain in the 
heel unattended by swelling or redness. 

podology (pod-ol'-o-je) [irovs, foot; \6yos, science]. 
The anatomy and physiology, etc., of the foot. 

podometer. See pedometer. 

podophyllin (ppd-o-fiV -in) . See podophyllum. 

podophylloresin (pod-o-fil-o-rez'-in). See podo- 
phyllum, resin of. 

podophyllotoxin (pod-o-fil-o-toks'-in). See podo- 
phyllum. 

podophyllum (pod-o-fil'-um) [irovs, foot; <t>vWov, 
leaf]. The dried rhizome of P. peltatum, the May- 
apple or mandrake, of the family Berberidacece. Its 
resin, commonly called podophyllin, contains podo- 
phyllotoxin (C23H24O9+2H2O), which upon treatment 
with ammonia yields podophyllic acid and picropod- 
ophyllin. It is used in medicine as a laxative in 
chronic constipation and as a cathartic in hepatic 
congestion and bilious fever. Dose of podophyllo- 
toxin \-% gr. (0.016-0.03 Gm.). p., fiuidextract of 
(fluidextraclum podophylli, U. S. P.). Dose 2-20 
min. (0.13-1.3 Cc). p., pills of, belladonna, a-d caps- 
icum (pilulce podophylli, belladonna et capsici, U. S. P.) 
Dose 1 pill, p., resin of (resina podophylli, U. S. P.). 
Dose i-£ gr. (0.008-0.03 Gm.). p., tincture of {tine- 



PODOTROCHILITIS 



698 



POISON 



Dose is min.-i dr. (1-4 



tura podophylli, B. P.). 
Cc). 

podotrochihtis (pod-o-trok-il-i'-tis) [ttous, foot; 
rpoxtXia, pulley; ins, inflammation]. Navicular dis- 
ease; an inflammatory disease of the fore-foot in the 
horse, involving the synovial sheath between the 
sesamoid or navicular bone of the third phalanx and 
the flexor perforans muscle over it. 

pee-. For words commencing thus, see Pe-. 

Poenl's test {pel) [Alexander Vasilyevich von Poehl, 
Russian chemist, 1850-]. For products of bacillus 
cholera: the addition of concentrated sulphuric acid 
to a culture of cholera bacilli produces a rose color 
deepening into purple. 

pogoniasis (po-go-ni'-as-is) [ir&ywv, beard]. Ex- 
cessive growth of the beard; growth of beard in a 
woman. _ 

pogonion (po-go'-ne-on) [iru>ya>v, beard]. The most 
anterior point of the chin on the symphysis of the 
mandible. 

pogonium (po-go'-ne-um) [ir&yav, beard]. 1. A 
small beard. 2. Same as pogonion. 

Pohl's test for globulins. Saturate the solution to 
one-half with ammonium sulphate, which precipitates 
the globulins. After several hours filter, and add to 
the filtrate a saturated solution of ammonium sul- 
phate. 

-poietic (poi-et'-ik) [iroiri<nt, a making]. A termi- 
nation denoting making or producing, as in hemato- 
poietic. 

poikiloblast (poi'-kil-o-blast). A nucleated red cor- 
puscle of irregular shape and size. 

poikilocyte (poi'-kil-o-sit) [itoiklXos, varied; kvtos, 
a cell]. A large red blood-corpuscle of irregular shape. 

poikilocythemia (poi-kil-o-si-the'-me-ah) [iroi/ciXos, 
varied; kvtos, cell; alfia, blood]. The presence of 
poikilocytes in the blood. 

poikilocytosis (poi-kil-o-si-to'-sis) [poikilocyte]. A 
condition of the blood characterized by the presence 
of poikilocytes; variation in the shape of the red 
blood corpuscles. 

poikilonymy (poi-kil-on'-im-e). See pecilonymy. 

poikiloderma! (poi-kil-o-ther'-mal). Synonym of 
poikilothermic. 

poikilothermic (poi-kil-o-ther'-mik) [ttoikLXos, varied; 
dkpfirj, heat]. Varying in temperature according to 
the- surroundings ; cold-blooded. 

point [punctum, point, from pungere, to prick]. 1. 
The sharp end of an object, especially one used to 
pierce anything. 2. The limit at which anything 
occurs, as the melting-point, freezing-point. 3. A 
mark made by a sharp object; a minute spot or area; 
of an abscess, to come to the surface, p., boiling, 
the degree of temperature at which a liquid passes 
into the vaporous state with ebullition, p., cardinal, 
one of the six optical points that determine the direc- 
tion of the rays entering or emerging from a series of 
refracting media, p., craniometric. See craniometric 
point, p., critical, of gases, a temperature at or above 
which a gas cannot be liquefied by pressure alone; of 
liquids, that temperature at which a liquid, regardless 
of the pressure to which it is subjected, assumes a 
gaseous form, p., dew-, the temperature at which 
the atmospheric moisture is deposited as dew. p., 
disparate, one of those points on the retina whence 
images are projected, not to the same, but to differ- 
ent points in space, p. of election, in surgery, that 
point at which a certain operation is done by prefer- 
ence, p., far-, the remotest point of distinct vision. 
p., freezing, the degree of temperature at which a 
liquid becomes solid, p., hysteroepileptogenous, p., 
hysterogenous. See zone, hysterogenous. p.'s, lacri- 
mal, minute orifices of the lacrimal canals upon the 
eyelids near the inner canthus. p., malar, the most 
prominent point on the outer surface of the malar 
bone, p., McBurney's. See McBurney's point, p., 
melting, the degree of temperature at which fusible 
soilds begin to melt, p., motor. See motor, p., 
near-, the nearest point at which the eyes can ac- 
commodate to see distinctly, p., nodal, the center of 
curvature of a spherical lens or refracting surface, 
through which rays of light pass joining conjugate 
points, p., principal, one of the two points in the 
optical axis of a lens that are so related that lines 
drawn from these points to the corresponding points 
in the object and its image are parallel, p. of re- 
flection, the point from which a ray of light is re- 
flected, p. of refraction, the point at which a ray 
of light is refracted, p., spinous, a sensitive point 
over a spinous process, p., subnasal, the middle 



point of the lower border of the nasal orifice, p., 
supraclavicular, the point, stimulation of which causes 
contraction of the arm muscles, p.s, Valleix's. See 
Valleix's points, p., vital, a spot in the oblongata 
corresponding to the seat of the respiratory center, 
puncture of which causes instant death. 

pointillage (pwan'-te-yahzj) [Fr.]. Massage by 
means of the finger-tips. 

pointing (point' -ing). The coming to a point, p. 
of an abscess, the process by which pus from the 
deeper structures reaches the surface. 

points douloureux (pwan(g)-doo-loo-roo). See Val- 
leix's points. 

Poirier's line, (pwar-e-a') [Paul Poirier, French 
surgeon, 1853-1907]. The nasolambdoid line used 
in craniocerebral topography. It begins at the naso- 
frontal groove, and extends outward around the base 
of the skull, passing 0.5 cm. above the external audi- 
tory meatus to a point 1 cm. above the lambdoid 
suture, or to a point 7 cm. above the inion if the suture 
cannot be felt. This line passes over Broca's con- 
volution, 4 to 6 cm. of the posterior limb of the Sylvian 
fissure, the lower border of the supramarginal gyrus, 
the base of the angular gyrus, and terminates at the 
occipital fissure. 

Poiseuille's law (pwah-zoo-e') [Jean Leonard Marie 
Poiseuille, French physiologist, 1 799-1 869]. The 
rapidity of the current in capillary tubes is propor- 
tional to the square of their diameter. P.'s layer, or 
space the "inert" layer of the blood-current of the 
capillaries, in which the leukocytes roll along slowly 
while the red corpuscles move mdre rapidly in the 
axial stream. 

poison (poi'-zn) [Fr., from potio, a draught]. A 
substance that, being in solution in the blood or 
acting chemically on the blood, either destroys 
life or impairs seriously the functions of one 
or more of its organs . (See the table under this head.) 
p., acrid. See p., irritant, p., acronarcotic, one that 
is irritating to the part to which it is applied, but acts 
on the brain or myelon or both, p.s, cellular, cytoly- 
sins. p., irritant, one that causes irritation at the 
point of entrance or at the point of elimination, p., 
muscle-. 1. A substance that impairs or destroys the 
proper functions of muscles. 2. A poisonous albumin 
developed during muscular activity, p., narcotic, one 
affecting the cerebral centers, producing stupor, p., 
ordeal-, any one of the vegetable poisons, such as phys- 
ostigma, used by savages in the trial of accused persons 
to determine their guilt or innocence. TABLE OF 
POISONS (the antidotes are in italics) : acid, carbolic. 
See phenol in this table, acid, chromic. See chro- 
mium trioxide in this table, acid, hydrochloric (muri- 
atic) , symptoms, pain throughout digestive tract, vom- 
iting, feeble pulse, clammy skin, collapse* eschars ex- 
ternally, yellow stains on clothing, but none on skin; 
treatment, alkalies; demulcent drinks; oil; stimulants 
(intravenous injection), acid, hydrocyanic (prussic), 
symptoms, sudden unconsciousness, slow, labored 
respirations, slow pulse, staring eyes, purple face, 
general convulsions, then relaxation and collapse, 
odor of peach-kernels; death may be almost instan- 
taneous; treatment, stomach-tube if possible; dilute 
ammonia; alternate cold and warm effusions; atropine 
and cardiac stimulants; artificial respiration, acid, 
nitric, symptoms, yellow stains on skin; otherwise sim- 
ilar to acid, sulphuric; treatment, alkalies; soap; de- 
mulcents; stimulants, acid, oxalic, symptoms, hot, 
acrid taste, burning, vomiting, collapse, sometimes 
general paralysis, numbness, and stupor; treatment, 
lime or chalk, acid, salicylic, symptoms, mydriasis, 
quick and deep respiration, delirium, dyspnea, les- 
sened arterial pressure, deafness, olive-green urine. 
acid, sulphuric, symptoms, black stains, pain through- 
out digestive tract, vomiting, often of tarry matter, 
feeble pulse, clammy skin, profuse and bloody sali- 
vation; treatment, chalk; magnesia; soap; demulcent 
drinks, aconitum napellus (monkshood), aconite, 
symptoms, sudden collapse, slow, feeble, and irregular 
pulse and respirations, tingling in the mouth and ex- 
tremities, giddiness, great muscular weakness, some- 
times pain in the abdomen, pupils generally dilated, 
but may be contracted, marked anesthesia of skin, 
mind clear, convulsions at times; treatment, tannic 
acid solution for washing out stomach; digitalis, at- 
ropine and stimulants; artificial respiration; warmth 
and friction; absolute quiet in recumbent position. 
alcohol, symptoms, confusion of thought, giddiness, 
tottering gait, slight cyanosis, narcosis from which 
patient can be aroused; full pulse; deep, stertorous 



POISON 



699 



POISON 



breathing; injection of eyes, dilatation of pupils, low 
temperature; convulsions may occur; treatment, evac- 
uate stomach; coffee; battery; amyl nitrite; hot and 
cold douches, ammonium and its compounds, symp- 
toms, intense gastroenteritis, often with bloody vomit- 
ing and purging, lips and tongue swollen and covered 
with detached epithelium, violent dyspnea, character- 
istic odor; treatment, vegetable acids; demulcents, an- 
timony and its compounds, symptoms, metallic taste, 
violent vomiting, becoming bloody, feeble pulse, pain 
and burning in the stomach, violent serous purging, 
becoming bloody, cramps in extremities, thirst, great 
debility, sometimes prostration, collapse, unconscious- 
ness, and convulsions without vomiting or purging; 
treatment, tannic acid; demulcent drinks; opium; al- 
cohol; external heat, antipyrine (phenazon), symp- 
toms, headache, nausea, vomiting, a rash like that of 
measles, vertigo, drowsiness, deafness, confusion of 
ideas, cyanosis, collapse; treatment, recumbent posi- 
tion; warmth; strychnine; stimulants; oxygen; arti- 
ficial respiration, apomorphine, symptoms, violent 
vomiting, paralysis of motor and sensory nerves, de- 
lirium, depression of respiration and of heart; treat- 
ment, cardiac and respiratory stimulants, arsenic 
and its compounds, symptoms, violent burning pain 
in the stomach, retching, thirst, purging of blood and 
mucus with flakes of epithelium, tenesmus, suppres- 
sion of urine; sense of constriction in throat; pulse 
small and frequent; treatment, hydrated iron sesqui- 
oxide; precipitated iron carbonate; emetics; castor-oil; 
demulcents, atropa belladonna (deadly nightshade) 
(atropine belladonna, homatropine), symptoms, heat 
and dryness of the mouth and throat, pupils widely 
dilated, scarlet rash, noisy delirium, quick pulse, at 
first corded, later feeble; rapid respirations, early 
strong, late shallow and feeble; retention of urine; 
sometimes convulsions, collapse, and paralysis; treat- 
ment, evacuate stomach; tannic acid; stimulants; 
coffee; pilocarpine; artificial respiration; physostig- 
mine may be of benefit; evacuation of bladder, caf- 
feine, symptoms, burning pain in the throat, giddi- 
ness, faintness, nausea, numbness, abdominal pain, 
great thirst, dry tongue, tremor of extremities, diuresis, 
weak pulse, cold skin, collapse; treatment, emetics; 
stimulants; warmth; morphine and atropine, cal- 
abar-bean. See physostigma venenosum in this table. 
camphor, symptoms, characteristic odor, languor, 
giddiness, disturbance of vision, delirium, convul- 
sions, clammy skin, smarting in the urinary organs, 
pulse quick and weak, no pain, no vomiting, no pur- 
ging; treatment, evacuate stomach; stimulants; 
warmth; hot and cold douches, cannabis indica (Indi- 
an hemp) ,' symptoms, pleasurable intoxication, sense of 
prolongation of time, anesthesia with loss of strength, 
especially in legs, pupils dilated, rapid pulse, heavy 
sleep; treatment, evacuate stomach; stimulants, can- 
tharis vesicatoria (Spanish fly) (cantharides), symp- 
toms, burning in mouth and stomach, vomiting and 
purging, soon becoming bloody, tenesmus, salivation, 
aching pains in back, strangury, priapism, uncon- 
sciousness only very late; convulsions at times; treat- 
ment, evacuate stomach; demulcent drinks; morphine; 
hot bath for the strangury; anesthetics may be nec- 
essary for the pain, carbolic acid. See phenol in 
this table, chloral hydrate, symptoms, deep sleep, 
loss of muscular power, lividity, reflexes diminished, 
pulse weak, respirations slowed, pupils contracted 
during sleep, but dilated on waking, temperature low; 
treatment, evacuate stomach; heat to the extremities; 
massage; coffee by the rectum; strychnine; amyl nit- 
rite; artificial respiration, chloroform, symptoms, ex- 
citement and intoxication followed by anesthesia and 
unconsciousness, later profound narcosis; pulse and 
respirations fail progressively or suddenly; treatment, 
draw tongue forward; artificial respiration; faradic 
current; hot and cold douches; amyl nitrite; ammonia 
injected into a vein; evacuation of the stomach if 
chloroform has been taken by mouth, chromium 
trioxide, symptoms, dark-yellow stains, abdominal 
pain, vomiting and purging, collapse; treatment, evac- 
uate stomach; chalk, milk, or albumin; demulcent 
drinks, coal-gas, symptoms, headache, giddiness, loss 
of muscular power, unconsciousness, pupils dilated, 
breathing labored, coma, odor of the gas; treatment, 
fresh air; artificial respiration; ammonia; stimulants; 
oxygen; coffee; hot and cold douches, cocaine, symp- 
toms, faintness, giddiness, nausea, pulse small, rapid, 
intermittent, dilated pupils, severe prostration, res- 
piration slow and feeble; treatment, stimulants; amyl 
nitrite; artificial respiration, colchicum autumnale 



(meadow-saffron) , symptoms, not unlike those of malig- 
nant cholera, griping pain in the stomach, vomiting 
and continuous purging of seromucous material, in- 
tense thirst, muscular cramps, great prostration, col- 
lapse, dilated pupils, pain in the extremities; treat- 
ment, evacuate stomach; tannic or gallic acid; de- 
mulcent drinks; stimulants; morphine, conium ma- 
culatum (hemlock), symptoms, weakness of the legs, 
gradual loss of all voluntary power, nausea, ptosis, 
dilatation of pupils, inability to speak or swallow; 
treatment, evacuate stomach; tannic or gallic acid; 
stimulants; warmth; artificial respiration; atropine. 
croton tiglium (croton oil), symptoms, intense pain in 
abdomen, vomiting, purging, watery stools, pinched 
face, small and thready pulse, moist skin, collapse; 
treatment, evacuate stomach; demulcent drinks; cam- 
phor; stimulants; morphine; poultices to abdomen. 
cynaogen and its compounds. Similar to acid, hy- 
drocyanic, which see in this table, datura stramon- 
ium (thorn-apple; Jamestown weed), symptoms and 
treatment similar to those of atropine, which see under 
atropa belladonna in this table, digitalis purpurea 
(Foxglove), purging, with severe pain, violent vomit- 
ing, vertigo, feeble pulse, although heart's action is 
tumultuous, eyes prominent, pupils dilated, sclera blue; 
delirium and .convulsions ; treatment, evacuate stom- 
ach; tannic and gallic acids; stimulants; aconite; re- 
cumbent position, erythroxylon coca. See cocaine 
in this table. _ fly, Spanish. See cantharis in this 
table, gelsemium sempervirens (yellow jasmine), 
symptoms appear in about twenty minutes; great 
muscular weakness, diplopia, ptosis, internal squint, 
widely dilated pupils, dimness of vision, labored res- 
piration, weak pulse; treatment, evacuate stomach; 
atropine; stimulants; artificial respiration; hot and 
cold douches, hellebore, green and white. See ver- 
atrum in this table, hemlock. See conium in this 
table, iodine and its compounds, symptoms, pain in 
throat and stomach, vomiting, purging, vomit yellow 
from iodine, or blue if starch is present in stomach; 
giddiness, faintness, convulsive movements; treatment, 
evacuate stomach; starch; amyl nitrite; morphine. 
iodoform, symptoms, slight delirium, drowsiness, high 
temperature, rapid pulse; symptoms resemble men- 
ingitis, jaborandi (pilocarpine), symptoms, copious 
sweating, dizziness, salivation, vomiting, diarrhea, 
tearing pain in eyeballs, myopia, pupils much con- 
tracted; treatment, evacuate stomach; stimulants; 
atropine, lead acetate, symptoms, sweet metallic 
taste, vomiting of white matter, great thirst, pain in 
abdomen, abdominal muscles usually rigid, consti- 
pation or diarrhea with black stools, cramps in the 
legs, paralysis of the extremities, convulsions; in the 
chronic forms, a blue line at margin of the gums; treat- 
ment, evacuate stomach; dilute sulphuric acid; Epsom 
or Glauber's salts; milk; morphine; potassium iodide 
to eliminate the poison, lobelia inflata (Indian to- 
bacco), symptoms, severe vomiting, with intense de- 
pression and prostration, giddiness, tremors, con- 
vulsions, collapse; treatment, evacuate stomach; tan- 
nic or gallic acid; stimulants; strychnine; warmth; 
recumbent position, mercury bichloride, symptoms, 
acrid metallic taste, burning heat in throat and stom- 
ach, vomiting, diarrhea with bloody stools, lips and 
tongue white and shriveled, pulse small and frequent, 
death in coma or convulsions; pain may be absent; 
secondary symptoms, hectic fever, coppery taste, fetid 
breath, gums swollen, salivation; treatment, albumin 
in some form ; raw white of egg or flour ; evacuate stom- 
ach; opium; potassium iodide, morphine. See opium 
in this table. nitric acid. See acid, nitric, in 
this table, nitroglycerin, symptoms, throbbing head- 
ache, pulsation over entire body, dicrotic pulse, flush- 
ed face, mental confusion, anxiety, sudden collapse; 
treatment, recumbent position; cold to head; ergot; 
atropine, nux vomica. See St. Ignatius bean in this 
table, opium (morphine, narceine, codeine, laud- 
anum), symptoms, preliminary mental excitement, 
acceleration of heart, soon weariness, sensation of 
weight in the limbs, sleepiness, diminished sensibil- 
ity, pin-point pupils, pulse and respiration slow and 
strong; patient can be roused with difficulty, later 
this becomes impossible, reflexes abolished, respir- 
ation slow, irregular, and stertorous, pulse rapid and 
feeble; treatment: i. Evacualte stomach with mus- 
tard or stomach-tube. 2. Arouse patient to maintain 
respiration by exercise, flagellation with wet towels, 
cold and hot douches alternately. 3. Stimulate by 
atropine, coffee, alcohol, if pulse fails; external heat; 
inhalations of oxygen; injection of dilute solution of 



POISON-NUT 



700 



POLIOPLASM 



potassium permanganate, oxalic acid. See acid, 
oxalic, in this table. Paris-green. See arsenic in 
this table, phenol, symptoms, immediate burning 
pain from mouth to stomach, giddiness, loss of con- 
sciousness, collapse, partial suppression of urine, which 
is smoky in color, characteristic odor, white, corru- 
gated patches in mouth; treatment, stomach-pump, 
magnesium sulphate or sodium sulphate, atropine. 
phosphorus, symptoms, vomiting and pain, vomit may 
be luminous in the dark, characteristic odor; after 
several days deep jaundice, coffee-colored vomit, 
hepatic tenderness, albuminuria, marked fall in tem- 
perature, coma, failure of pulse and respiration; treat- 
ment, sulphate of copper as an emetic, then as an anti- 
dote in small doses with opium; purgation, phy- 
sostigma venenosum {calabar-bean) , symptoms, giddi- 
ness, prostration, loss of power in the lower limbs, 
muscular twitching, contracted pupils, mind clear; 
treatment, evacuate stomach; atropine; strychnine; 
stimulants; artificial respiration, prussic acid. See 
acid, hydrocyanic, in this table, santonin, symptoms, 
disturbance of color-vision — objects first assume a 
bluish tinge, then yellow; tinnitus, dizziness, pain in 
the abdomen, failure of respiration, convulsions, stu- 
por; treatment, evacuate stomach; stimulants; chloral. 
savin, symptoms, pain, vomiting, bloody stools and 
tenesmus, disordered respirations, coma, convulsions, 
and collapse; treatment, evacuate stomach; castor-oil 
in large dose; morphine poultices to the abdomen. 
silver salts, symptoms, pain, vomiting, and purging; 
vomit white and cheesy, rapidly turning black in the 
sunlight; vertigo, coma, convulsions, paralysis, and 
marked disturbance of respiration; treatment, salt and 
water; evacuate stomach; a large amount of milk. 
St. Ignatius bean, strychnos ignatii, strychnos nux- 
vomica (nux vomica, strychnine, brucine), symptoms, 
tetanic convulsions in paroxysms at varying intervals 
of from five minutes to half an hour; opisthotonos 
during paroxysm; eyeballs prominent, pupils dilated, 
respiration impeded, pulse feeble and rapid, anxiety; 
treatment, evacuate stomach; tannic acid followed by 
an emetic; catheterize; keep patient quiet; bromides 
and chloral ; amyl nitrite or chloroform to control con- 
vulsions; artificial respiration if indicated, tobacco 
(nicotine), symptoms, nausea, vomiting, weakness, 
weak pulse, cold and clammy skin, collapse, pupils 
contracted, then dilated; treatment, evacuate stom- 
ach; tannic acid; strychnine; stimulants; warmth; 
recumbent position, veratrum album {white helle- 
bore), veratrum viride {green hellebore), symptoms, 
pain and burning in alimentary tract, vomiting and 
diarrhea, slow, weak pulse, labored respiration, pu- 
pils usually dilated; there may be convulsions; treat- 
ment, evacuate stomach; ether hypodermatically ; 
opium ; stimulants ; coffee ; warmth ; recumbent posi- 
tion. _ 

poison-nut. Nux vomica. 

poisonous {poi'-zn-us). Having the properties of 
a poison; venomous. 

poitrinaire {pwah-tre-nar') [Fr. poitrine, chest]. A 
patient with pulmonary tuberculosis or other chronic 
disease of the chest. 

poke-root. See Phytolacca. 

polar {po'-lar) [pole]. Pertaining to or situated 
near a pole. p. bodies, p. cells, p. globules, two 
minute cells thrown off by the unfecundated ovum 
during maturation, p. method, a method of apply- 
ing electricity, in which the pole the distinctive effect 
of which is wanted is placed over the part to be treat- 
ed and the other pole over some indifferent part. 
p. ray's the astral rays of the mitotic figure, p. star, 
a star of the diaster. 

polarimeter {po-lar-im' -et-er) [polar; fierpov, a meas- 
ure]. An instrument for determining the degree to 
which an optically active substance changes the 
plane of polarization to the right or to the left. 

polarimetry {po-lar-im' -et-re) [polar; ukrpov, meas- 
ure]. The use of the polarimeter. 

polariscope {po-lar'-is-kop) [polar; aKowelv, to view]. 
An instrument for studying the polarization of light; 
a polarimeter. 

polaristrobometer {po-lar-is-tro-bom' -et-er) [polar; 
arpofios, a whirling round; ixkrpov, measure]. A form 
of polarimeter or saccharimeter that furnishes a del- 
icate means of fixing the plane of polarization as ro- 
tated by the sugar solution under examination. 

polarity {po-lar'-it-e). The state or quality of hav- 
ing poles or points of intensity with mutually op- 
posite qualities. In electro-therapeutics, that con- 
dition of a nerve is which the part nearest the nega- 



tive pole is in a state of increased, and that nearest 
the positive is in a state of decreased irritability. 

polarization {po-lar-i-za'-shun) [polarize], i. The 
act of polarizing or the state of being polarized. 2. 
A condition produced in a ray of light by absorption, 
reflection, or refraction, by means of which the vi- 
brations are restricted and take place in one plane 
only {plane polarization) or in curves {circular or 
elliptic polarization). The plane of polarization is 
altered or rotated when the light is passed through a 
quartz-crystal or solutions of certain substances {rot- 
atory polarization). 3. The deposit of gas-bubbles 
(hydrogen) on the electronegative plate of a galvanic 
battery, whereby the flow of the current is impeded, 
and, owing to the negative plate covered with hydro- 
gen being more electropositive than the zinc plate, 
the difference in potential between the two plates is 
reduced. 

polarize {po'-lar-lz) [polar]. To endow with polar- 
ity; to place in a state of polarization. 

polarizer {po'-lar-i-zer) [polarize]. An object, such 
as a Nicol prism, by means of which light is polar- 
ized. 

pole {pol) [irokos, a pole]. 1. Either extremity of 
the axis of a body, as of the fetus, the crystalline lens, 
etc. 2. One of two points at which opposite physical 
qualities, e. g., electricity or magnetism, are concen- 
trated; specifically, the electrode of a galvanic bat- 
tery, which is positive {positive pole) when connected 
with the electronegative plate of the battery (carbon, 
copper, platinum), or negative {negative pole) when 
connected with the electropositive plate (zinc), p.- 
changer, a switch or key for changing or reversing the 
direction of a current produced by an electric battery. 

polemophthalmia {pol-em-off-thaV -me-ah) [irokenos, 
war; ophthalmia]. Military ophthalmia; the oph- 
thalmia of soldiers. 

polenta {po-len'-tah) [L.]. In Italy, a maize-meal 
porridge. 

poleozone {po'-le-o-zon). A bactericide said to be 
obtained from potassium chlorate by action of sul- 
phuric acid. 

police {po-les') [iroKis, a city]. 1. Public order. 
2. An organized civil force for maintaining order, p. 
sanitary, the body of officials in the employ of a city, 
state or nation, whose duty it is to look after the hy- 
gienic condition as it affects the public health. 

policeman's disease. Synonym of tarsalgia. 

policlinic {pol-ik-lin'-ik) [irSXis, city; kXiVtj, couch]. 
A general city hospital. Cf . polyclinic. 

poliencephalitis {pol-e-en-sef-al-i'-tis). See polio- 
encephalitis. 

polio- {pol-e-o) [71-oXios, gray]. A prefix meaning 
gray. 

polioencephalitis {pol-e-o-en-sef-al-i'-tis) [iroXios, 
gray; e-y/ce^aXos, brain; ins, inflammation]. Inflam- 
mation of the gray matter of the brain, p. acuta, 
an acute inflammation of the cerebral cortex, 
which, when occurring in children, gives rise to in- 
fantile cerebral palsy, p., anterior superior, an in- 
flammatory disease of the gray matter of the third 
ventricle, of the anterior portion of the fourth, 
and of that about the Sylvian aqueduct. It is char- 
acterized by ophthalmoplegia, chiefly external, and a 
peculiar somnolent state, p., inferior, bulbar par- 
alysis. 

poliomyelencephalitis {pol-e-o-mi-el-en-sef-al-i'-tis) 
[polio-; fiveXos, marrow; eyntyaKos, brain; ltls, in- 
flammation]. Poliomyelitis and poliencephalitis ex- 
isting together. 

poliomyelitis {pol-e-o-mi-el-i'-tis) [polio-; myelitis]. 
Inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord. 
p., acute anterior, infantile paralysis, an acute in- 
flammation of the anterior horns of the gray matter 
of the spinal cord. It is most common in children, 
coming on during the period of the first dentition, and 
producing a paralysis of certain muscle-groups or of 
an entire limb. The onset is sudden, and the par- 
alysis is usually most extensive in the beginning, a 
certain amount of improvement taking place sub- 
sequently. The affected muscles atrophy rapidly, 
the reflexes in them are lost, and reaction of degen- 
eration develops. From contraction of antagonistic 
muscles deformities occur later in life, p., chronic 
anterior. Synonym of progressive muscular atrophy. 

poliomyelopathy {pol-e-o-mi-el-op' -aih-e)[polio- ; p.ve- 
X6$, marrow; iraffos, disease]. Disease of the gray 
matter of the spinal cord and medulla oblongata. 

polioplasm {poV -e-o-plazm) [polio-; ir\6.<rfia, plasm]. 
Granular protoplasm. 



POLIOSIS 



701 



POLYEMBRYONY 



poliosis (pol-e-o'-sis) [tto\i6s, gray]. A condition 
characterized by absence of pigment in the hair. 

poliothrix (pol'-e-o-thriks) [polio-; 0pi£, hair]. Syn- 
onym of canities. 

Polish plait (po'-lish) . See plica polonica. 

Politzer's bag (pol'-its-er) [Adam Politzer, Austrian 
otologist, 1835- ]. A pear-shaped rubber bag used 
for inflating the middle ear. The tip is introduced 
into the nostril, and the bag compressed while the 
other nostril is closed and the patient performs the 
act of swallowing. The latter opens the Eustachian 
tube and allows the air to enter. P.'s luminous cone, 
a brightly illuminated area in the shape of an isosceles 
triangle which has its base near the lower circumfer- 
ence and its apex at the umbo of the membrana tym- 
pani. P.'s method, inflation of middle ear through 
the Eustachian tube. P.'s test, in cases of unilateral 
middle-ear disease, associated with obstruction of the 
Eustachian tube, the sound of a vibrating tuning fork 
(C2) held before the nares during deglutition is per- 
ceived by the normal ear only; if the tube is patulous, 
the sound sensation is frequently stronger in the affect- 
ed ear. In unilateral disease of the labyrinth the 
tuning-fork is heard in the normal ear whether or not 
deglutition occur. 

politzeration (pol-its-er-i-za'-shun). The inflation 
of the middle ear by means of Politzer's bag. 

poll (pol). The head, especially the back portion, 
of an individual or of an animal, p.-evil, in farriery, 
an abscess behind the ears of a horse, producing a 
fistula. 

pollakiuria (pol-ak-i-u'-re-ah) [woWokls, often; 
ovpov, urine]. Abnormally frequent micturition. 

pollantin (pol-an'-tin) [pollen; avrl, against]. An 
antitoxin used in hay-fever; it is an immune serum 
obtained from horses, and is used in fluid and powder 
form. 

pollen (pol'-en) [pollen, fine dust]. The fecundating 
element produced in the anthers of flowering plants. 
p. disease, synonym of hay fever, q. v. 

pollex (pol'-eks) [L. gen. pollicis. pi., pollices]. 1. 
The thumb. 2. The great toe. p. pedis, the great 
toe. 

pollicar (pol'-ik-ar) [pollex] . Relating to the thumb . 

pollinosis (pol-in-o'-sis). Same as hay fever, q. v. 

Pollock's operation (pol'-uk) [G. Pollock]. For 
amputation at the knee-joint: a long anterior and a 
short posterior skin-flap, somewhat rectangular in 
outline, the patella being left. 

pollution (pol-W -shun) [polluere, to defile]. 1. The 
act of defiling or rendering impure, as pollution of 
drinking-water. 2. The production of the sexual 
orgasm by means other than sexual intercourse, p., 
nocturnal, a nocturnal, involuntary, seminal dis- 
charge, p., self, masturbation. 

polonica (po-lon'-ik-ah). See plica. 

polonium (pol-o'-ne-um) [Poland, home of the dis- 
coverers]. A radioactive element isolated by M. and 
Mme. Curie from pitch-blende. 

poltophagy (pol-tof'-a-je) [woXtos, porridge; <t>kyeiv, 
to eat]. Complete chewing of the food before swal- 
lowing it. 

poly- (pol-e-) [woXvs, many]. A prefix denoting 
many or much. 

polyacid (pol-e-as'-id) [poly-; acid]. Applied to a 
base or basic radical capable of saturating several 
molecules of the acid radical. 

polyacoustic (pol-e-ak-oos'-tik) [poly-; acoustic]. 
1. Multiplying sound. 2. An instrument for intensi- 
fying sound. 

polyadenia (pol-e-ad-e'-ne-ah) [poly-; adrjv, a gland]. 
Pseudoleukemia or Hodgkin's disease. 

polyadenitis (pol-e-ad-en-i'-tis). Inflammation of 
many glands at once, p., malignant, bubonic plague. 

polyadenoma {pol-e-ad-en-o' -mah) [poly-; dS^, 
gland; opa, tumor]. Multiple adenoma. 

polyadenopathy (pol-e-ad-en-op'-ath-e) [poly-; aS-qv, 
gland; iraBos, disease]. Any disease affecting many 
glands at once. 

polyadenous (pol-e-ad'-en-us) [poly-; adrjf, gland]. 
Having or involving many glands. 

polyaemia (pol-e-e'-me-ah). See polyemia. 

polyasthesia (pol-e-es-the'-ze-ah). See polyesthesia. 

polyanemia (pol-e-an-e'-me-ah). Excessive anemia. 

polyarthritis (pol-e-ar-thri'-tis). Inflammation of 
many joints, p. rheumatica acuta. See rheumatism, 
acute articular, p., vertebral, inflammation of the 
intervertebral discs without caries of the bones of the 
vertebra. 

polyarticular (pol-e-ar-tik'-u-lar) [poly-; articulus, 



joint]. Affecting many joints; the term multiartic- 
ular is preferable. 

polyatomic (pol-e-at-om'-ik) . 1. Containing several 
atoms. 2. Having several hydrogen atoms replace- 
able by bases. 

polyaxon {pol-e-aks' -on) . 1. In biology, having 
several axes of growth. 2. A neuron having more than 
two axons. 

polybasic (pol-e-ba'-sik) [poly-; base]. 1. Of acids, 
having several hydrogen atoms replaceable by bases. 
2. Formed from a polybasic acid by the replacement of 
more than one hydrogen atom by a base. 

polyblast {pol'-e-blast) [poly-; /3Xaor6j, a germ]. A 
general term designating the various cells seen in new- 
ly developing connective tissue. 

polycardia {pol-e-kar' -de-ah) . See tachycardia. 

polycellular (pol-is-el'-u-lar) [poly-; cellula, a cell]. 
Having many cells. 

polycentric (pol-is-en'-trik) [poly-; K&rpov, center]. 
Having many centers or nuclear points. 

polyceptor (pol-e-sep'-tor) [poly-; ceplor]. A sensi- 
tizer or "amboceptor" possessing a number of 
complementophile groups. 

polycholia (pol-e-ko'-le-ah) [poly-; X0X17, bile]. Ex- 
cessive secretion of bile. 

polychrest, polychrestus (pol'-ik-rest, pol-ik-res'-tus) 
\Poly-; xpyvTos, useful]. A medicine regarded as 
efficacious in^many diseases. The word is chiefly 
used by homeopathic physicians. 

polychrestic (pol-ik-res'-tik). Of the nature of a 
polychrest. 

polychroism (pol-ik-ro'-izm) [poly-; xpoid, color]. 
A property possessed by certain crystals, of exhib- 
iting two shades of color under polarized light, which 
vary as the polarizing instrument is rotated. 

polychromasia (pol-e-kro-ma'-ze-ah). Same as poly- 
chromatophilia. 

polychromatic (pol-e-kro-mat'-ik) [poly-; xpupa., col- 
or]. Many-colored. 

polychromatophil, polychromatophile (pol-e-kro- 
mat'-o-fi) [poly-; xpvpa, color; <pi\elv, to love]. 1. An 
erythrocyte which has lost its affinity for acid stain 
and which with mixtures of acid and basic dyes is 
stained atypically by either or both elements. 2. See 
polychromatophilic. 

polychromatophilia (pol-e-kro-mat-o-fd'-e-ah). The 
presence in the blood of polychromatophils. 

polychromatophilic {pol-e-kro-mal-o-fiV -ik) . Sus- 
ceptible of staining with more than one dye. 

polychromemia, polychromaemia {pol-e-kro-me' -me- 
ah) [poly- ; xptipa- color; alpa, blood]. The increase in 
coloring-matter in the blood as a sequel of polycy- 
themia. 

polychromia (pol-e-kro' -me-ah) [poly-; xfi^pa, color]. 
Increased or abnormal pigmentation. 

polychylia (pol-ik-i'-le-ah) [poly-; x^Xos, chyle]. An 
excessive formation of chyle. 

polychylic (pol-e-ki'-lik) [poly-; x^Aos, chyle]. Re- 
lating to an excess of chyle. 

polyclinic (pol-e-klin' -ik) . A. hospital in which 
many diseases are treated. 

polyclonia (pol-e-klo'-ne-ah) [poly-; k\6vos, commo- 
tion]. An affection said to be distinct from tic and 
cholera but marked by clonic spasms. 

polycoria (pol-e-ko'-re-ah) [poly-; Kopn, pupil]. The 
existence of more than one pupil in the iris. 

polycrotic (pol-e-krot'-ik) [poly-; kpotos, pulse]. Of 
the pulse, presenting several waves for each cardiac 
systole. 

polycrotism {pol-e-kro' -tizm). Condition of being 
polycrotic. 

polycyesia, polycyesis (pol-is-i-e' '-ze-ah, pol-is-i-e'- 
sis) [poly-; Kw?<ns, pregnancy]. 1. The occurrence of 
frequent pregnancy. 2. Multiple pregnancy. 

polycystic (pol-e-sis'-tik) [poly-; kv<ttvs, a sac]. Con- 
taining many cysts. 

polycythemia, polycythemia (pol-e-si-the' -me-ah) 
[poly-; kvtos, cell; alpa, blood] A state of the blood 
characterized byan excess of red corpuscles, poly- 
cythemia cyanotica, a form associated with chronic 
cyanosis, enlargement of the spleen, and constipa- 
tion without any sign of disease of the heart, lungs, or 
kidneys and with no emphysema. 

polydactylism (pol-e-dak' -til-izm) [poly-; 8clktv\os, 
a finger]. The existence of supernumerary fingers or 
toes. 

polydipsia (pol-e-dip'-se-ah) [poly-; U\pa, thirst]. 
Excessive thirst. 

polyembryony (pol-e-em'-bre-o-ne) [poly-; Zp&pvov, 
an embryo]. In biology, the production of more than 



POLYEMIA 



702 



POLYOREXIA 



one embryo in a seed. Parthenogenesis occurs in 
most instances of polyembryony. 

polyemia, polyaemia (pol-e-e'-me-ah) [poly-; al/xa, 
blood]. Abnormal increase of the total mass of the 
blood; plethora, polyaemia hyperalbuminosa, an 
excess of albumin in the blood-plasma, polyaemia 
polycythaemica, an increase of the red corpuscles. 
polyaemia serosa, a condition in which the amount of 
blood-serum is increased. 

polyesthesia, polyaesthesia (pol-e-es-the'-ze-ah) 
[poly- ; aladrj&is, sensation]. An abnormality of sensa- 
tion in which a single touch is felt in two or more 
places at the same time. 

polyformin (pol-e-form'-in). An antiseptic com- 
pound obtained by dissolving resorcinol in aqueous 
formaldehyde and adding an excess of ammonia; it is 
an insoluble, odorless powder used in the same manner 
as iodoform, p., soluble, CsH^OHOit— (CH 2 )6N4. 
diresorcinol hexamethylentetramine, a combination of 
two molecules of resorcinol with one molecule of 
hexamethylentetramine (urotropin); white crystals, 
very soluble in water and alcohol, insoluble in ether, 
benzol, and oils. It is used internally as an anti- 
ferment; externally in skin diseases. 

Polygala (pol-ig'-al-ah) [poly-; yd\a, milk]. A 
genus of herbaceous or shrubbery plants of some 260 
species. P. senega, of N. America, is therapeutically 
the most important. See senega. 

polygalactia {pol-e-gal-ak' -te-ah) [poly-; yaKa, milk]. 
Excessive secretion or flow of milk. 

polygalin (pol-ig'-al-in). See senega. 

polyganglionic (pol-e-gang-gle-on'-ik) [poly-; gang- 
lion]. 1. Having several ganglia. 2. Affecting several 
lymphatic glands at once. 

polygastria (pol-ig-as'-tre-ah) [poly-; yaa-rrip, stom- 
ach]. Excessive production of gastric juice. 

polygastric (pol-e-gas'-trik) [poly-; yaar^p, belly, 
stomach]. 1. Having several bellies (as certain mus- 
cles). 2. Having more than one stomach. 

polyglandular {pol-e- gland' -du-lar) [poly-; gland]. 
Pluriglandular. 

polyglobulia (pol-e-glob-u'-le-ah). An increase in 
the number of red blood corpuscles. 

polyglobulism {pol-e-glob' -u-lizm) . Same as poly- 
cythemia, q. v. 

polygnathus (pol-ig'-na-thus) [poly-; yvaBos, jaw]. 
A form of monster in which the parasite is attached 
to the jaws of the host. 

polygonal (pol-ig'-o-nal) [poly-; yuvla, an angle]. 
Having many angles. 

Polygonum {pol-ig' -o-num) . A genus of poly- 
gonaceous plants. P. hydropiperoides, smart weed, 
water pepper, is a plant common in the United States. 
Its active principle is thought to be polygonic acid. 
It stimulates the action of the heart and increases 
arterial tension. It is diuretic, emmenagogue and 
aphrodisiac. Externally, it is a rubefacient and ves- 
icant. It is valuable in amenorrhea and impotence. 
Dose of the ext. gr. j-v; of the fldext. njj x-3 J. 

polygraph (pol'-ig-raf) [poly-; ypa<f>eiv, to record]. 
A cylindrical recording instrument for taking simul- 
taneous sphygmographic tracings. It is made to 
rotate upon its axis by clockwork. 

polygroma (pol-ig-ro'-mah) [poly-; vypfc, moist; 
6p.a, tumor]. A large hygroma. 

polygyria (pol-e-jir'-e-ah) [poly-; yvpos, gyre]. The 
existence of an excessive number of convolutions in 
the brain. 

polyhedral (pol-e-he'-dral) [poly-; Upa, a seat; a 
base]. Having many surfaces. 

polyhemia (pol-e-hem'-e-ah) . See polyemia. 

polyhidria (pol-e-hi'-dre-ah). See polyidrosis. 

polyhidrosis (pol-e-hid-ro'-sis) [poly-; Upuais, 
sweating]. Excessive perspiration. 

polyhydramnios (pol-e-hi-dram'-ne-os). An ex- 
cessive production of liquor amnii. 

polyhygroma (pol-e-hi-gro'-mah) . See polygroma. 

polyidrosis (pol-e-id-ro'-sis) . Same as polyhidrosis. 

polyinfection (pol-e-in-fek'-shun) [poly-; infection]. 
Infection resulting from the presence of more than one 
organism. 

polyleptic (pol-e-lep'-lik) [poly- ; \ap.fiaveiv, to seize]. 
Characterized by numerous remissions and exacer- 
bations. 

polymastia (pol-e-mas' -te-ah) [poly-; ^aeros, a 
breast]. The presence of more than two breasts. 

polymastigate (pol-im-as'-tig-dt) [poly-; naarit, 
a whip]. In biology, having several flagella. 

polymazia (pol-im-a'-ze-ah). Synonym of poly- 
mastia. 



polymelia (pol-e-me'-le-ah) [poly-; /zeXos, a limb]. 
A malformation consisting in the presence of more 
than the normal number of limbs. 

polymelus, polymelius (pol-im'-el-us, pol-im-e'-le- 
us) [see polymelia], A monster having more than 
the normal number of limbs. 

polymenia (pol-e-me'-ne-ah) [poly-; p.rji>es, months]. 
Menorrhagia. 

polymenorrhea (pol-im-en-or-e'-ah) [poly-; p.r\v, 
month; pola, a flow]. Excessive menstrual flow. 

polymer (pol'-im-er) [poly-; p.epos, a part]. A 
polymeric substance. 

polymeric (pol-e-mer'-ik) [see polymerism], 1. Ex- 
hibiting polymerism. 2. Applied to muscles which 
are derived from two or more myotomes. 

polymerid (pol-im'-er-id) [see polymerism]. In 
chemistry, a compound having the property of 
polymerism. Synonym of polymer. 

polymerism (pol-im'-er-izm) [poly-; //epos, a part]. 
I. The existence of more than a normal number of 
parts. 2. A form of isomerism in which the mole- 
cular weights of the polymers are multiples of each 
other. See isomeric and polymerization. 

polymerization (pol-e-mer-i-za'-shun) [see poly- 
merism]. The apparent fusion or union of two or 
more molecules of a compound, forming a more 
complex molecule, with a higher molecular weight 
and somewhat different physical and chemic 
properties. 

polymetameric (pol-im-et-am-er'-ik). Extending 
over or comprising two or more metameres. 

polymicrobic (pol-im-i-kro'-bik) [poly-; niicpos, 
small; /3ios, life]. Containing many kinds of micro- 
organisms. 

polymicrotome (pol-im-i' -kro-tom) [poly-; /xixpos, 
small; rkpv&.v, to cut]. An instrument making many 
microscopic sections in a short time. 

polymorph (pol'-im-orf) [poly-; p.op<t>v, form]. 
A polymorphonuclear leukocyte. 

polymorphic, polymorphous (pol-e-mor'-fik, pol-e- 
mor'-fus) [see polymorphism]. Having or occurring 
in several forms; of a crystal crystallizing in several 
forms. 

polymorphism (pol-e-mor'-fizm) [poly-; pop^y, 
form]. The state of being polymorphous. 

polymorphocellular (pol-im-or-fo-sel'-u-lar) [poly- ; 
p.op<t>i), form; cellula, cell]. Having cells of many 
forms. 

polymorphocyte (pol-e-mor'-fo-stt). A narrow cell 
or myelocyte. 

polymorphonuclear (pol-e-mor-fo-nu'-kle-ar). Ap- 
plied to multinuclear leukocytes which have nuclei 
exceedingly irregular in form, being twisted or 
knotted or presenting the appearance of being divided 
into distinct portions, though in reality a thin 
lamina of nuclear substance unites them. 

polymyoclonus (pol-e-mi-ok'-lo-nus). See paramyo- 
clonus. 

polymyositis (pol-e-mi-o-si'-tis). Simultaneous in- 
flammation of many muscles. 

polynesic (pol-e-ne'-sik) [poly-; vijaos, island]. 
Occurring in several foci, e. g„ polynesic sclerosis. 

polyneural (pol-in-u'-ral) [poly-; vevpov, nerve]. 
Pertaining to, or supplied or innervated by several 
nerves. 

polyneuritis (pol-e-nu-ri'-tis). See neuritis, mul- 
tiple. 

polynuclear (pol-e-nu' : kle-ar). See multinuclear. 

polynuclearneutrophilic (pol-e-nu -kle-ar-nu-tro- 

fil'-ik). Relating to polynuclear leukocytes which 
are readily stainable with neutral dyes. 

polynucleate (pol-in-u'-kle-at). Synonym of multi- 
nuclear. 

polynucleosis (pol-e-nil-kle-o'-sis). The condition 
of having many multinuclear cells in the blood or in 
a pathologic exudate; polymorphonuclear leukocy- 
tosis. 

polyodontia (pol-e-o-don'-she-ah) [poly-; SSovs, 
tooth]. The presence of supernumerary teeth. 

polyonychia (pol-e-o-nik'-e-ah) [poly-; 5i>v£, nail]. 
The presence of supernumerary nails; polonychia. 

polyopia, polyopsia (pol-e-o'-pe-ah, pol-e-op' -se-ah) 
[poly-; 6\J/is, sight]. A condition in which more than 
one image of an object is formed upon the retina. 
p. monophthalmica, the phenomenon of multiple 
vision with a single eye. 

polyorchis (pol-e-or'-kis) [poly-; 5pxw, a testicle]. 
One who has more than two testicles. 

polyorexia (pol-e-or-eks'-e-ah) [poly-; 3pe£is, appe- 
tite]. Excessive hunger, or appetite; bulimia. 



POLYORRHOMENITIS 



703 



POMPHOLYX 



polyorrhomenitis (pol-e-or-o-men-i'-tis) [poly-; bppos, 
serum; \>nnv, membrane; mj, inflammation]. Con- 
cato's disease; a symptom-group defined by Concato 
as "a phthisis of serous membranes." 

polyotia (pol-e-o'-she-ah) [poly-; oh, ear]. A con- 
dition in which there is more than one auricle on 
one or both sides of the head. 

polyp, polypus (pol'-ip, pol'-e-pus) [poly-; -n-ovs, 
foot]. A tumor having a pedicle, found especially 
on mucous membranes, as in the nose, bladder, 
rectum, uterus, etc. p., blood-. Synonym of p., 
placental, polypus carnosus. Synonym of sarcoma. 
p., fibrinous, a polypoid mass on the uterine wall, 
resulting from the deposition of fibrin from retained 
blood. The mass may be attached to portions of an 
ovum or to thrombi at the placental site, p., fibrous, 
a polyp composed chiefly of fibrous tissue, p., 
mucous, a soft polyp resulting either from a localized 
inflammatory hyperplasia of a mucous membrane 
or from the formation of a true myxoma, p., pla- 
cental, a fibrinous polyp resulting from the deposit 
of fibrin upon a portion of retained placenta, p., 
soft. Synonym of p., mucous, p., vascular, a pe- 
dunculated angioma. 

polypapilloma tropicum (pol-e-pap-il-o'-mah). Fram- 
besia. 

polyparesis (pol-ip-ar'-es-is) [poly-; irapeats, weak- 
ness]. General progressive paralysis of the insane, 
or paralytic dementia. 

polypathia (pol-ip-ath'-e-ah) [poly-; wa&os, disease]. 
The presence of several diseases at one time, or the 
frequent recurrence of disease. 

polypeptid (pol-e-pep'-tid). A complex compound 
of several amino-acids. See also peptid. 

polyphagia (pol-e-fa'-je-ah) [poly-; <payelv, to eat]. 
Bulimia. 

polyphalangism {pol-e-fal-an'-jizm) [poly-; phal- 
anx]. The presence of an extra phalanx on a finger 
or toe. 

polypharmacy (pol-e-far'-mas-e) [poly-; <papnaicov, 
a drug]. The prescription of many drugs at one 
time; the excessive use of drugs. 

polyphobia (pol-if-o' -be-ah) [poly-; <j>6fios, fear]. 
Morbid fear of many things. 

polyphrasia (pol-e-fra'-ze-ah) [poly-; <j>pa<ris, speech]. 
A morbid state characterized by excessive speaking; 
morbid loquacity; verbigeration. 

polypiferous (pol-ip-if'-er-us) [polypus, polyp; 
ferre, to bear]. Bearing or giving origin to a 
polypus. 

polyplasmia (pol-e-plaz'-me-ah) [poly-; ir\a<rp.a, 
plasm]. Extreme fluidity of the blood. 

polyplastic (pol-e-plas'-tik) [poly-; ■wKa.aa&.v. to 
mold], i. Of cells, having many substances in their 
composition. 2. Undergoing many modifications 
during development. 

polypnea, polypncea (pol-ip-ne'-ah) [poly-; irvoLa, 
breathing]. Great rapidity of respiration; panting 
respiration. 

Polypodium (pol-e-po'-de-um) [poly-; irovs, foot]. 
A genus of ferns several species of which are asserted 
to have medical properties. The rhizome of P. 
aureum, of the West Indies, is used as a styptic; 
P. calaguala, the true calaguala, of Mexico and 
Peru, has a high reputation as a solvent and dia- 
phoretic; the juice of the rhizome of P. quercifolium, 
of the East Indies, is used in inflammation of the 
eyes and in gonorrhea; the rhizome is used in malaria 
and as a tonic; P. vulgar e, of Europe and America, 
has been used as an expectorant in chronic catarrh 
and asthma. 

polypoid (pol'-e-poid) [polyp; eldos, like]. Re- 
sembling a polyp. 

Polyporus (pol-ip' -o-rus) [poly- ; wopos, pore]. A 
genus of fungi. P. amanita, a poisonous agaric, 
used for killing flies, has marked excitant and narcotic 
properties. It has been used topically in cancerous 
tumors and ulcers and internally in epilepsy, skin 
diseases, paralysis, and tuberculosis. It contains 
the alkaloids muscarine and amanitine. Syn., Amanita 
muscaria; bug agaric; fly agaric. P. officinalis, 
grows on the larch and is known as purging agaric. 
It is used in night-sweats of tuberculosis. Dose of 
fluidextract 1-15 min. (0.06-1.0 Cc). 

polyposis (pol-ip-o'-sis) [poly-; iroais, draught]. 
1. Excessive thirst; polydipsia. 2. [polyp.] The con- 
dition of being affected with polyps, p. ventriculi, 
a plicate, warty condition of the gastric mucosa 
associated with hypertrophy and catarrh. Syn., 
etat mamelonne. 



polypotome (pol-ip' -o-tom) [poly-; rop.ii, a cutting]. 
An instrument for the excision of polypi. 

polypotrite (pol-ip' -o-trit) [polypus; rpifieiv, to 
rub]. An instrument for crushing polypi. 

polypous (pol'-ip-us). Of the nature of a polyp. 

polypus (pol'-e-pus). See polyp. 

polyrrhea, polyrrhoea (pol-e-re'-ah) [poly-; polo., a 
flow]. An excessive secretion of fluid. 

polysaccharid, polysaccharide (pol-is-ak'-ar-id). 
A carbohydrate which under the influence of dilute 
acids takes up more than two molecules of water and 
yields more than three sugar molecules. Examples: 
starches, gums. See carbohydrate. 

polysarcia (pdl-e-sar' -se-ah) [poly-; <rap£, flesh]. 
Excessive corpulency; obesity. 

polysarcous (pol-e-sar'-kus) [polysarcia], Corpu- 
ent; exhibiting polysarcia. 

polyscelia (pol-e-skel'-e-ah) [poly-; oxeXos, leg]. 
Excess in the number of legs. 

polyscelus (pol-is'-kel-us) [see polyscelia]. A 
monster having supernumerary legs. 

polyscope (pol'-is-kop) [poly-; aicoireiv, to observe] 
An instrument provided with an electric light which 
is introduced into a cavity in order to illuminate its 
internal surfaces. 

polyserositis (pol-e-se-ro-si'-tis). Progressive malig- 
nant inflammation of the serous membranes. See 
Concato' s disease. 

polysinuitis, polysinusitis (pol-e-sin-u-i'-tis, -si'-nus- 
i-tis) . Simultaneous inflammation of several sinuses. 

polysolvol, polysolve (pol-e-sol'-vol, pol'-e-solv) . A 
thick, clear liquid which has the property of dissolving 
large quantities of phenol, menthol, salycilic acid, etc. 
It is obtained by treating castor-oil successively with 
strong sulphuric acid and sodium chloride and neu- 
tralizing the sulphoricinic acid obtained with sodium 
hydroxide. Syn., ammonium sulphoricinate ; solvin 
sodium. See solvin. 

polysomia (pol-e-so' -me-ah) [poly-; aupia, body]. 
A monster having more than a single body or trunk. 

polysomus (pol-e-so'-mus) [poly-; <rcbp.a, body]. 
A monster fetus having one head and several bodies. 

polyspermia, polyspermism (pol-e-sper'-me-ah, pol- 
e-sper'-mizm) [poly-; airepua, seed]. The secretion 
and discharge of an excessive quantity of seminal 
fluid. 

polyspermy (pol-is-per'-me) [poly-; <rwkpp.a, 
seed]. Impregnation of an ovum by more than one 
spermatozoon. 

polystichia (pol-e-stik'-e-ah) [poly-; arixos, row]. 
A condition in which the eyelashes are arranged in 
two or more rows. 

polystomatous (pol-is-to'-mat-us) [poly-; arinia, 
mouth]. Having many mouths or apertures. 

polythelia, polythelism (pol-ith-e'-le-ah, pol'-ith- 
el-izm) [poly-; 6rj\-f], nipple]. The presence of super- 
numerary nipples. 

polytrichia, polytrichosis (pol-e-trik'-e-ah, pol-e- 
trik-o'-sis) [poly-; dpi£, hair]. Excessive develop- 
ment of hair. 

Polytrichum (pol-if -rik-um) [iroXvTpixos, having 
much hair]. A genus of mosses; hair-moss. P. 
juniperinum is a species indigenous to the United 
States and Europe, and is a powerful diuretic. 
Dose of the fluidextract 20-60 min. (1.2-3.7 Cc). 

polytrophia, polytrophy (pol-it-ro'-fe-ah x pol-it'- 
ro-fe) [poly-; rpo^ela, nourishment]. Abundant or 
excessive nutrition. 

polyuria (pol-e-u'-re-ah) [poly-; ovpov, urine]. The 
passage of an excessive quantity of urine, p. spas- 
tica, intermittent polyuria with hysterical symptoms 
accompanying convulsions. 

polyuric (pol-e-u'-rik) [poly-; ovpov, urine]. 1. Per- 
taining to, or affected with polyuria. 2. One affected 
with polyuria. 

polyvalent (pol-iv'-al-ent). Synonym of multi- 
valent, p. serum, one obtained either by immunizing 
animals with different strains of the same bacterium, 
or a mixture of sera derived from different animals 
immunized with various strains. 

pomade (po-mad') [pomum, apple]. A perfumed 
ointment for applying to the scalp. 

pomander (po-man'-der) [pomum, apple]. A ball 
composed of aromatics, formerly carried about the 
person to prevent infection; also, the globular case 
in which the same was kept. 

pomatum (po-ma'-tum) [L.]. A pomade. 

pomegranate (pum-gran'-at). See granatum. 

pommel joint (pum' -el joint). Condyloid joint. 

pompholyx, pompholix (pom'-fo-liks) [irop4>6\v£. 



POMPHUS 



704 



POROKERATOSIS 



a bubble]. A rare disease characterized by bullous 
eruptions on the palms of the hands and between 
the fingers. It occurs in depressed states of the 
nervous system, and is more common in women than 
in men. Syn., chiropompholyx ; dysidrosis. 

pomphus {pom' -f us). See wheal. 

pomum (po'-mum) [L.]. Apple, p. Adami, Adam's 
apple, the prominence in the front of the neck caused 
by the projection of the thyroid cartilage. 

Poncet's disease (pon'-sa) [Antonin Poncet, 
French surgeon,i846-ioi3]. Tuberculous rheumatism. 

Pond's extract. A fluidextract of Hamamelis 
virginiana. 

ponderable (pon'-der-ah-bl) [pondus, weight]. 
Having weight. 

Ponfick's shadows. Achromacytes; colorless red 
corpuscles found in the blood in cases of hemoglo- 
binemia. 

Pongamia (pon-ga' -me-ah) [E. Ind. pongam]. 
A genus of East Indian trees. Kurung oil is the oil 
expressed from the seeds of P. glabra, native to 
India, China, and Australia. It is recommended 
in parasitic diseases of the skin, in pityriasis versi- 
color, herpes, rheumatism, and lepra. 

ponogen (pon'-o-jen) [-wovos, work; yewav, to pro- 
duce], i. Waste-matter of the nervous system; 
fatigue poison. 2. See parhormone. 

ponogenic (pon-o-jen'-ik). Relating to ponogen. 
p. toxins. See under toxin. 

ponograph (pon'-o-graf) [irovos, pain; ypa<peiv, to 
write] . An apparatus for determining and registering 
sensitiveness to pain, or to fatigue. 

ponos (pon'-os) [irovos, pain]. A chronic febrile 
disease endemic on the Greek islands of Spezzia 
and Hydra. The disease bears some resemblance to 
pseudoleukemia and to tuberculosis. 

pons [L., "a bridge"]. 1. A process or bridge of 
tissue connecting two parts of an organ. 2. The 
pons Varolii, p. basilaris, the basilar process of the 
occipital bone. p. cerebelli. Same as p. Varolii. 
p. hepatis, a portion of the liver substance some- 
times extending from the quadrate lobe to the left 
lobe. p. Sylvii, the quadrigeminum. p. Tarini, 
the posterior perforated space, p. Varolii, a convex 
white eminence situated at the base of the brain, 
and serving to connect the various divisions with 
one another. It is placed in front of the medulla 
oblongata, behind the cerebrum, and beneath the 
cerebellum, and rests upon the sphenobasilar groove. 
In structure the pons consists chiefly of nerve-fibers, 
but contains also areas of gray matter — the pontine 
nuclei. The pons is connected with the medulla, 
with the cerebellum (by the middle peduncles), 
and with the cerebrum (by the crura cerebri), p. 
zygomaticus, the zygoma. 

pontibrachium (pon-tib-ra'-ke-um) [pons, bridge; 
brachium, arm]. The middle peduncle of the cere- 
bellum. 

pontic (pon'-tik) [pons, bridge]. Same as pontile. 

ponticinerea (pon-ti-sin-e'-re-ah). A collection of 
gray matter in the pons. 

ponticulus (pon-tik'-u-lus) [dim. of pons, bridge]. 
A small, transverse ridge between the pyramids of 
the oblongata and the pons. Synonym, propons. 
p. auriculae, a slight prominence on the eminentia 
conchae for the attachment of the retrahens aurem 
muscle. ' p. hepaticus, a bridge of tissue, containing 
a plexus of blood-vessels, and extending from the 
surface of the Spigelian to that of the right lobe of 
the liver, p. promontorii, a faint bony ridge on the 
inner wall of the tympanic cavity extending from the 
pyramid to the promontory and below the foramen 
ovale. 

pontile, pontine (pon'-til, pon'-tln) [pons]. Per- 
taining to the pons Varolii, p. hemiplegia, a hemi- 
plegia due to a lesion of the pons. When the lesion 
is situated low down in the pons, below the decussa- 
tion of the fibers of the facial nerve, and above that 
of the pyramidal tracts, the hemiplegia is alternate; 
i. e., the arm and leg on one side, and the face on the 
other, are paralyzed, p. nuclei, a collection of gray 
matter in the pons. 

pontobulbar (pon-to-buV -bar) [pons, bridge; bulbus, 
bulb]. Pertaining to the pons Varolii and to the 
bulbus spinalis (or oblongata). 

pontocrural (pon'-to-kroo'-ral) [pons, bridge; crus, 
leg]. Pertaining to the pons Varolii and the crura 
cerebri. 

pontoon (pon-loon') [ponto, a small boat]. A loop or 
knuckle of the small intestine. 



pooled blood-serum. Mixed serum from a number 
of persons. 

poplar {pop'-lar). See populus. 

poplitead {pop-lit-e'-ad) [poples, ham; ad, to]. 
Toward the popliteal aspect. 

popliteal (pop-lit-e'-al) [poples, the ham of the 
knee; the hock]. Pertaining to or situated in the 
ham, as popliteal artery, popliteal nerve, popliteal 
space, p. aneurysm, aneurysm of the popliteal 
artery, p. artery. See under artery, p. space. See 
under space. 

popliteus (pop-lit-e'-us) [see popliteal]. The ham 
or hinder part of the knee-joint, p. muscle. See 
under muscle. 

poppy (pop'-e) [AS., popig], Papaver somniferum, 
a plant of the order Papaveracece; the capsules yield 
opium, p.-capsules (papaveris capsulce, B. P.), 
possess effects similar to those of opium, but far 
milder in degree. The decoction (decoctum papaveris, 
B. P.) is used chiefly as an anodyne application. 
Dose of the extract (extractum papaveris, B. P.) 5-10 
gr. (0.32-0.65 Gm.); of the syrup (syrupus papaveris, 
B. P.) f-i dr. (2-4 Cc). Red poppy is used in making 
the syrupus rhceados in the B. P. Dose 1 dr. (4 Cc). 

populin (pop'-u-lin). See Populus. 

Populus (pop'-u-lus) [L.]. Poplar, a genus of trees 
of the order Salicinece, several species of which yield 
salicin (salicinum, U. S. P.), C13H18O7, and populin 
or benzoyl-salicin, C20H22O8. Poplar-buds have 
been used in rheumatism and Bright's disease. The 
leaves and buds are also employed for anodyne oint- 
ments. The wood and bark of the root of P. moni- 
lifera, cottonwood, of the United States, are said 
to be powerful antiperiodics. 

porcellaneous, porcellanous (por-sel-a' -ne-us, por- 
sel'-an-us). Relating to or having the appearance 
of porcelain; applied to a condition of the skin in 
fever. 

porcosan (por'-ko-san). A remedy for hog ery- 
sipelas prepared from weakened cultures of Bacillus 
erysipelatos suis. 

porcupine-disease. See ichthyosis. 

pore (por) [irbpos, a pore or cavity]. A minute 
circular opening on a surface, as a pore of the skin, 
the opening of the duct of a sudoriparous gland. 
See also porus. 

porencephalia, porencephalus (por-en-sef-a'-le-ah, 
por-en-sef -al-us) [pore; lyKe<j>a\os, brain]. A con- 
dition characterized by the presence of depressions 
on the surface of the brain, due to a congenital arrest 
of development or to an acquired defect. 

porencephalic (por-en-sef-al'-ik). Same as poren- 
cephalous. 

porencephalitis (por-en-sef -al-i'-tis) [porencephalia]. 
Encephalitis with a tendency to the formation of 
cavities. 

porencephalous (por-en-sef -al-us) [porencephalia]. 
Affected with porencephalia. 

Porges reaction or Porges-Meier reaction (por'- 
ges-mi'-er). A precipitation test for syphilis; "the 
requirements are: (1) One per cent, solution of sodium 
glycocholate in distilled water. (2) The patient's 
serum which must be absolutely clear, and heated 
for one-half an hour at 56 C. Two-tenths of each 
of the above are placed into a narrow test-tube 
6 to 17 mm. in diameter, and allowed to rest for 
Sixteen to twenty hours at room temperature. A 
positive reaction consists of the appearance of dis- 
tinct coarse flocculi, which as a rule, collect near the 
surface. Mere turbidity or faint precipitates are 
considered as negative. The original Porges method 
of employing lecithin was not at all specific, the reac- 
tion being present in tuberculosis, carcinoma, and 
other infectious diseases." 

pornography (por-nog'-ra-fe) [wopvr), a prostitute; 
ypafaiv, to write], i. A treatise on prostitution. 
2. Obscene writing. 

pornotherapy (por-no-ther'-ap-e) [wopv-r), a prosti- 
tute; depairelo., therapy]. The medical supervision 
of prostitutes as related to public hygiene. 

porocele (po'-ro-sel) [irupos, callus; K17X77, hernia]. 
A scrotal hernia in which the coverings are indurated 
and thickened. 

porokeratosis (po-ro-ker-at'-o-sis) [ir&pos, callus; 
nkpas, a horn]. A keratosis appearing in raised or 
smooth areas, of varying size, irregular form, circum- 
scribed outline, at the summit of which a thin layer 
of horny tissue of linear arrangement is present. 
The affection is usually seated on the dorsal aspect 
of the hands and feet (never on the palmar or plantar 



POROMA 



705 



POSNER'S REACTION 



surface), the extensor aspect of the forearms and legs, 
neck, face and scalp. 

poroma (po-ro'-mah) [vupuna], A callosity. 

poroplastic (po-ro-plas'-tik) [pore; Tr\a<r<reiv, to 
mold]. Porous and plastic, p. felt, a porous felt 
which is readily molded; it is used in the preparation 
of splints and jackets. 

porosis (po-ro'-sis) [irupos, callus]. The formation 
of callus. 

porosity (po-ros'-it-e) [porous]. The condition of 
being porous. 

porotic (po-rot'-ik) [rrcbpos, callus]. Favoring the 
formation of callus. Of the nature of callus. 

porotomy (po-rot'-o-me) [pore; rom, a cutting]. 
Incision of the meatus of the urethra. 

porous (po'-rus) [pore]. Having pores. 

porphyreus (por-fi'-re-us) [wop<f>vpa, purple]. In 
biology showing spots of purple upon a ground of 
another hue. 

porphyrin (por'-fir-in) [see porphyreus]. A white, 
amorphous substance, C21H25N3O2, from Alstonia 
constricta, Australian fever-bark. It is antipyretic. 

porpbyrization (par -fir -i-za' -shun) [porphyry, a 
kind of rock]. Pulverization, so-called because 
generally performed on a tablet of porphyry. 

porphyruria (por-fir-u' -re-ah) [irop<f>vpa, purple; 
oZpov, urine]. The discharge of urine colored with 
purpurin. 

Porret's phenomenon. When a continuous current 
is passed through a living muscular fiber, the sarcous 
substance shows an undulating movement from the 
positive toward the negative pole. 

porriginous (por-ij'-in-us). Relating to porrigo; 
scurfy. 

porrigo (por-i'-go) [L.]. An old term applied to 
several diseases of the scalp, p. decalvans, alopecia 
areata, p. favosa, favus. p. larvalis, impetigo of 
the scalp conjoined with eczema. 

Porro's operation, Porro-cesarean section (por'-o) 
[Edoardo Porro, Italian obstetrician, 1842-1902]. 
Cesarean section, followed by removal of the uterus 
at the cervical junction, together with the ovaries 
and oviducts. 

Porro-Muller's operation. For otherwise impossible 
labor: a modification of the Porro operation, in which 
the uterus is brought out of the abdomen before ex- 
tracting the fetus. 

Poro-Veit's operation (por'-o-vW). For otherwise 
impossible labor: a modification of the Porro opera- 
tion: the stump is ligated and dropped. 

porta (por'-tah) [L., "gate"]. The hilus of an 
organ through which the vessels enter, p. hepatis, 
p. jecoris, the transverse fissure of the liver through 
which the portal vein enters the organ, p. laby- 
rinthi, the fenestra rotunda, p. omenti, the foramen 
of Winslow. p. vestibuli, a narrow orifice between 
the sinus venosus and the auricle in the embryonic 
heart. 

portal (por'-tal) [porta]. Pertaining to the porta 
or hilum of an organ, especially to the porta hepatis 
or to the vein entering at the porta hepatis (portal 
vein), p. circulation, the passage of blood from the 
stomach, spleen, and intestine through the portal 
vein and the liver, p. fissure. See fissure, transverse. 
p. vein, the large vein entering the liver at the trans- 
verse fissure, and bringing to it the blood from the 
digestive tract and the spleen. 

porte- or port- (portare, to carry). A carrier, or 
holder, p.-acid, an instrument for the local appli- 
cation of an acid, p.-aiguille. See needle-holder. 
p.-caustique, a holder for the stick of caustic, p.- 
cordon, an instrument for replacing a prolapsed funis. 
p.-crayon. See - p.-caustique. p.-fil. Synonym of 
p.-ligature. p.-fillet, an instrument for applying a 
fillet to some part of the fetal body, p.-ligature, an 
instrument for applying a ligature to a deep part. 
p.-moxa. See moxa. p.-nceud, an instrument for 
applying a ligature to the pedicle of a tumor, p.- 
pierre. Synonym of p.-caustique. 

porter (por'-ter). See under malt liquors. 

Porter's symptom. Tracheal tugging. See Oliver's 
symptom. 

portio (por'-she-o) [L.]. Portion. Also, an abbrevi- 
ated expression for portio vaginalis uteri — the vaginal 
portion of the uterus, p. alba cerebri, the white 
substance of the brain, p. aryvocalis, a short muscle 
attached anteriorly to the vocal band and posteriorly 
to the vocal process of the arytenoid cartilage. 
p. axillaris, the second part of the subclavian artery. 
p. corporis striati externa, the lenticular nucleus, p. 
24 



corporis striati interna, the caudate nucleus, p. dura, 
the facial nerve, p. infravaginalis, the vaginal por- 
tion of the neck of the uterus, p. inter duram et 
mollem, a small funiculus between the seventh 
and eighth cranial nerves, p. intermedia Wris- 
bergii. Synonym of p. inter duram et mollem. 
p. mollis, the auditory nerve, p. muscularis, the 
second division of the subclavian artery, p. pec- 
toralis, the first division of the subclavian artery. 
p. pylorica ventriculi, the pyloric extremity of the 
stomach, p. splenica ventriculi, the cardiac ex- 
tremity of the stomach, p. thoracica, the first 
part of the axillary artery, p. ventriculi lienalis. 
Synonym of p. splenica ventriculi. 

portiplex, portiplexus (por'-tip-leks, por-tip-leks' -us) 
[porta, gate; plexus]. The plexus or vascular fringe 
that connects the two lateral choroid plexuses. It 
passes through the porta, or foramen of Monro, 
whence the name. 

port-wine mark, p. stain. See nevus (2). 

porus (po'-rus) [L.]. 1. A pore, foramen. 2. A 
callosity, p. acusticus externus, the opening of the 
external auditory canal, p. acusticus internus, the 
opening of the internal auditory canal into the 
cranial cavity, p. opticus, the opening in the center 
of the lamina cribrosa transmitting the central 
artery of the retina, p. sudoriferus, a sweat pore. 

Posadas, protozoic disease of. See dermatitis, 
blastomycetic. 

position (po-zish' -un) [ponere, to place]. Place; 
location; attitude; posture, p., anatomical, the 
person stands erect with the arms at the side and 
palms forward, p., dorsal, one in which the patient 
lies on the back, p., Edebohls'. See Simon's posi- 
tion, p., English. See p., left lateral recumbent. 
p. of the fetus, the relation of the presenting part of 
the fetus to the cardinal points of Capuron. For 
the vertex,^ the face, and the breech there are each 
four positions: a right anterior, a right posterior, a 
left anterior, and a left posterior. For each of the 
shoulders there is an anterior and a posterior position. 
In order to shorten and memorize these positions, 
the initials of the chief words are made use of, as 
follows: For vertex presentations the word occiput 
is abbreviated O., and preceded by the letter R. or 
for right or left, and followed by 4. or P., according 
as the presenting part is anterior or posterior. We 
thus have the initials L.O.A., left occipitoanterior, 
to indicate that the presenting occiput is upon the 
anterior left side. In the same way are derived the 
terms L.O.P., R.O.A., R.O.P. For facial presenta- 
tions we have in the same way L.F.A. (left fronto- 
anterior), L.F.P., R.F.A., R.F.P. For breech or 
sacral presentations, L.S.A., L.S.P., R.S.A., R.S.P., 
and for shoulder (dorsal) presentations, L.D.A., 
L.D.P..R.D.A..R.D.P. p., Fowler's. See Fowler's 
position, p., high pelvic. See Trendelenburg's posi- 
tion, p., knee-chest, p., genupectoral, one in which 
the patient rests upon the knees and chest, the arms 
being crossed above the head, p., knee-elbow, 
p., genucubital, one in which the patient lies upon 
the knees and elbows, the head resting upon the 
hands, p., left lateral recumbent, p., English, 
p., obstetric, one in which the patient lies on the 
left side with the right thigh and knee drawn up. p., 
lithotomy, p., dorsosacral, one in which the patient 
lies on the back with the legs flexed on the thighs and 
the thighs flexed on the abdomen and abducted. 
p., Simon's. See Simon's position, p., semiprone, 
one in which the patient lies on the left side with the 
right knee and thigh drawn up and the left arm placed 
along the back; the chest is inclined forward so that 
the patient rests upon it. Syn., Sims' position. 
p., Trendelenburg's. See Trendelenburg's position. 
p., Walcher's. See Watcher's position. 

positive (poz'-it-iv) [positivus, from ponere, to 
place]. Real; existing; actual. In mathematics 
and physiology, denoting one of two quantities or 
conditions assumed as primary or fundamental; 
opposed to one assumed as negative; denoting a 
quantity greater than zero; to be added; additive. 
p. electricity, the kind of electricity developed by 
rubbing glass with silk. p. electrode, p. pole, the 
electrode or pole connected with the negative plate 
of a battery, p. element, p. plate, that plate of a 
battery which is acted upon by the fluid, e. g., the 
zinc plate in the zinc-carbon battery. 

positive phase. See opsonic index. 

positor (pos'-it-or) [ponere, to place]. See repositor. 

Posner's reaction for peptones and albumins. 



POSITIONS 



706 



POSITIONS 




The Semiprone, or Sims' Posture. Anterior 
View. 




The Genu-pectoral Posture. 





Walcher's Position. 




The Trendelenburg Posture. 




The Dorso-sacral Posture. Lateral View. 




The Dorsal Recumbent Posture. 



Edebohls' Posture. 



POSOLOGICAL 



707 



POSTHUMOUS 



Alkalinize the urine, pour it into a test-tube, and 
overlay it very carefully with a very dilute, almost 
colorless solution of copper sulphate. In the presence 
of peptone a violet zone will form even in the cold; 
the same reaction is yielded by albumin upon warm- 
ing. 

posological, posologic (po-so-loj'-ik-al, po-so-loj'-ik) 
[xocros, how much; \6yos, science]. Pertaining to 
posology or quantitative dosage. 

posology (pos-ol'-oj-e) [tt6<tos, how much; A670S, 
science]. That branch of medical science dealing 
with the dosage of medicines. 

posset (pos'-et) [posca, sour wine and water]. 
A preparation of milk curdled with wine. 

possetting {pos'-et-ing) [posset]. The regurgitation 
of infants. 

post- (post-) [L.]. A prefix denoting after; behind. 

postaccessual (post-ak-ses'-u-al) [post-; accessio, 
a paroxysm]. Occurring after a paroxysm. 

postacetabular (post-as-et-ab'-u-lar) [post-; aceta- 
bulum]. Situated behind the acetabulum. 

postanal (post-a'-nal) [post-; anus]. Situated 
behind the anus. 

postanesthetic (post-an-es-thet'-ik). Occurring after 
anesthesia. 

postapoplectic (post-ap-o-plek'-tik) [post-; apoplexy]. 
Coming on, or occurring, after a stroke of apoplexy. 
p. coma, the coma that often succeeds an apoplectic 
stroke. 

postauditory (post-aw'-dit-o-re) [post-; audire, to 
hear]. Situated behind the auditory nerve, or 
chamber, p. fossa, a crescentic notch on the tem- 
poral bone separating the temporal ridge from the 
auditory plate. 

postaxial (post-aks'-e-al) [post-; axis]. Situated 
behind the axis: in the arm, behind the ulnar aspect; 
in the leg, behind the fibular aspect. 

postbrachial (post-bra' -ke-al) [post-; brachium, 
arm]. Situated posterior to the arm. 

postbrachium (post-bra' -ke-um) [post-; brachium]. 
The posterior brachium of the corpus quadrigeminum, 
seen on the lateral slope of the mesencephal. It is 
between the prebrachium and the lemniscus. 

postcava (post-kav'-ah) [post-; cavus, hollow]. 
The inferior or ascending vena cava. 

postcaval (post-kav'-al). Pertaining to the inferior 
or ascending vena cava. 

postcentral (post-sen' -tral) [post-; center]. 1. Situ- 
ated behind a center. 2. Situated behind the fissure 
of Rolando, or central fissure of the brain, as the 
postcentral convolution. 

postcerebellar (post-ser-e-bel'-ar) [post-; cerebellum]. 
Situated behind, or in the posterior portion of the 
cerebellum. 

postcerebral (post-ser'-e-bral) [post-; cerebrum]. 
Situated behind, or in the posterior part of the 
cerebrum. 

postcibal (post-si' -bal) [post-; cibum, food]. Oc- 
curring after meals. 

postcisterna (post-sis-ter'-nah) [post-; cisterna, a 
vessel]. That portion of the spaces separating the 
ental layer of the arachnoid from the pia of the cere- 
bellum, and communicating with the true encephalic 
cavities through the metapore, and also with the 
spinal subarachnoid space; thecisterna magna. 

postclavicular (post-kla-vik'-u-lar) [post-; clavicle]. 
Situated behind the clavicle. 

postcommissure (post-kom'-is-iir) [post-; com- 
missure]. The posterior commissure of the brain. 

postconnubial (post-kon-nu'-be-al) [post-; connu- 
bium, marriage]. Coming on, or occurring, after 
marriage. 

postconvulsive (post-kon-vul'-siv) [post-; convul- 
sion]. Coming on after a convulsion. 

postcordial (post-kor'-de-al) [post-; cor, heart]. 
Situated behind the heart. 

postcornu (post-kor'-nu) [post-; cornu, horn: pi., 
postcornua]. The occipital horn of the lateral ven- 
tricle of the brain. 

postcornual (post-kor'-nu-al) [post-; cornu, horn]. 
Pertaining to the postcornua (of the ventricles of the 
brain or of the spinal cord). 

postcribrum (post-krib' -rum) [post-; cribrum, sieve]. 
The posterior perforated space of the brain. 

postcubital (post-kil'-bit-al) [post-; cubitus, the 
forearm]. Situated on the posterior aspect of the 
forearm. 

postdiastolic (post-di-as-tol'-ik) [post-; diastole]. 
Occurring after the diastole. 

postdicrotic (post-di-krot'-ik) [post ; dicrotic]. Com- 



ing after the dicrotic wave of the pulse, p. wave, a 
second recoil-wave in the sphygmographic tracing. 
It is not always present. 

postdiphtheritic (post-dif-ther-it'-ik) [post-; diph- 
theric]. Occurring after an attack of diphtheria, as 
postdiphtheritic paralysis. 

postembryonic (post-em-bri-on'-ik) [post-; embryo]. 
Occurring after the embryonic stage. 

postepileptic (post-ep-i-lep'-tik) [post-; epilepsy]. 
Occurring afteran epileptic attack. 

posterior (pos-te'-re-or) [posterus, after; behind]. 
Placed behind or to the back of a part. p. chamber, 
the space between the iris and the lens. 

postero- (pos-te-ro-) [posterior]. A prefix meaning 
posterior. 

posteroexternal (pos-ter-o-eks-ter'-nal) [postero- ; 
external]. Occupying the outer side of a back part, 
as the posteroexternal column of the spinal cord. 

posterointernal (pos-ter-o-in-ter'-nal) [postero-; in- 
ternal]. Occupying the inner side of a back part, 
as the posterointernal column of the spinal cord. 

posterolateral (pos-te-ro-lat' -er-al) [postero-; lateral]. 
Situated behind and at the side of a part. 

posteromedian (pos-te-ro-me'-de-an). Located in 
the middle of a posterior aspect. 

posteroparietal (pos-te-ro-par-i'-et-aV) [postero-; par- 
ietal]. Situated at or opposite the posterior part 
of the parietal bone; posterior and parietal. 

posterosuperior (pos-te-ro-su-pe'-re-or) [postero-; 
superior]. Situated behind and above a part. 

posterotemporal (pos-te-ro-tem' -por-al) [postero- ; 
temporal]. Situated at or opposite the posterior 
part of the temporal bone ; posterior and temporal. 

posterula (pos-ter'-oo-lah) [posterus, posterior]. 
That portion of the nasopharynx between the pos- 
terior nares and the salpingo-palatal fold; a small 
space at the posterior ends of the turbinated bones 
of the nose. 

postesophageal, postcesophageal (post-e-sof-aj'- 
e-al) [post-; esophagus]. Situated behind the eso- 
phagus. 

postfebrile (post-feb'-ril) [post-; febris, a fever]. 
Occurring after a fever. 

postfovea (post-fo'-ve-ah) [post-; fovea, pit]. The 
posterior fovea, a depression in the floor of the 
fourth ventricle of the brain. 

postgeminum (post-jem'-in-um) [post-; geminus, 
twin]. The posterior pair of bodies of the corpora 
quadrigemina. 

postgeniculatum, postgeniculum (post-jen-ik-u-la r - 
tum, -jen-ik'-u-lum) [post-; geniculum]. The internal, 
geniculate body. _ 

postglenoid (post-gle'-noid) [post-; glenoid]. Situ- 
ated behind the glenoid fossa of the temporal bone, 
as the postglenoid tubercle, also called simply post- 
glenoid. 

postgraduate (post-grad' -u-at). 1. Belonging to or 
prosecuting a course of study after graduating. 
2. A graduate. 

posthalgia (pos-thal'-je-ah) [irbadrj, penis; aAyos, 
pain]. Pain in the penis. 

posthemiplegic (post-hem-i-ple'-jik) [post-; hemi- 
plegia]. Occurring after or following an attack of 
hemiplegia, p. chorea, choreiform movements in 
paralyzed limbs. 

posthemorrhagic (post-hem-o-raj'-ik). Occurring 
after a hemorrhage. 

posthetomy (pos-ihef -o-me) [woadrj, prepuce; roufi, 
a cutting]. Circumcision. 

posthioplastic (pos-the-o-plas'-tik) [posthioplasty]. 
Pertaining to, or involving, plastic surgery of the 
prepuce. 

posthioplasty (pos'-the-o-plas-te) [iroo-Ori, foreskin; 
7rXd<r<reu>, to mold]. Plastic surgery of the pre- 
puce. 

posthippocampal (post-hip-o-kam'-pal) [post-; hip- 
pocampus]. Pertaining to the calcar or hippocampus 
minor. 

posthitis (pos-thi'-tis) [woadt], prepuce; ins, inflam- 
mation]. Inflammation of the prepuce. 

posthocalymma (pos-tho-kal-im'-ah) [wbadri, penis; 
KaKvuna, veil]? Synonym of condom. 

postholith (pos'-lho-lith) [-KbaQt], prepuce; \i9os, a 
stone]. A preputial calculus. 

posthoncus (pos-thong'-kus) [noo-dr), prepuce; 07/cos, 
swelling]. A swelling or tumor of the prepuce. 

posthumeral (posl-hu'-mer-al) [post-; humerus]. 
Situated behind the humerus. 

posthumous (pos'-tu-mus) [poslumus, latest, last]. 
Occurring after death, p. child, one born after 



POSTHYOID 



708 



POTASSIUM 



the death of the father, or taken by cesarean operation 
from the body of its mother after her death. 

posthyoid (post-hi'-oid). Posterior to the hyoid 
bone. 

posthypnotic (post-hip-not' -ik) [post-; virvos, sleep]. 
Succeeding the hypnotic state; acting after the 
hypnotic state has passed off, as posthypnotic sug- 
gestion. 

posthypophysis (post-hi-poff'-is-is) [post-; hypo- 
physis]. The posterior and cerebral portion of the 
hypophysis or pituitary body. 

posticus (pos-ti'-kus) [L.]. Posterior. 

postinfluenzal (post-in-flu-en'-zal). Occurring after 
influenza. 

postinsula (post-in' -su-lah) [post-; insula], i. The 
posterior part of the insula. 2. Behind the insula. 

postischial (post-is' -ke-al). Dorsad of the ischium. 

postmalarial (post-mal-a'-re-al). Occurring as a 
sequel of malaria. 

postmastoid (post-mas' -toid) [post-; mastoid]. 
Situated behind the mastoid process of the temporal 
bone. 

postmedian (post-me'-de-an) [post-; medius, the 
middle]. Behind the middle transverse line of the 
body. 

postmediastinal (post-me-de-as-ti'-nal) [post-; medi- 
astinum]. Pertaining to the postmediastinum. 

postmediastinum (post-me-de-as-ti'-num) [post- ; 
mediastinum]. The posterior mediastinal space. 

postmortal (post-mor'-tal) [postmortem]. After 
death. 

postmortem (post-mor'-tem) [post-; mors, death]. 
1. Occurring after death. 2. An examination of the 
body after death; an autopsy, p. wart. See verruca 
necrogenica. 

postnares (post-na'-rez) [post-; naris, nostril]. 
The posterior nares. 

postnarial (post-na'-re-al) [post-; naris, a nostril]. 
Pertaining to the posterior nares. 

postnasal (post-na'-zal) [post-; nasus, nose]. 
Situated behind the nose. p. catarrh, catarrhal 
inflammation of the nasopharynx. 

postnatal (post-na'-zal) [post-; natus, born]. Sub- 
sequent to birth, as a postnatal disease. 

postoblongata (post-ob-long-ga'-tah) [post-; ob- 
longata]. The caudal or metencephalic portion of 
the oblongata, forming the floor of the metacele. 

postocular (post-ok'-ii-lar) [post-; oculus, the eye]. 
Behind the eye. 

postolivary (post-ol'-iv-a-re) [post-; olivary]. Be- 
hind the oliva. 

postoperative (post-op' -er-a-tiv) [post-; operatio, 
operation]. Occurring after an operation, as post- 
operative insanity. 

postoperculum (post-o-per'-ku-lum) [post-; opercu- 
lum]. That one of the folds covering the insula 
which is formed of a part of the supertemporal gyrus; 
the temporal operculum. 

postopticus (post-op' -tik-us) [post-; &\f/, eye; pi., 
postoptici]. Either one of the posterior pair of 
optic lobes, or corpora quadrigemina. 

postoral (post-o'-ral) [post-; os, oris, mouth]. 
Situated either behind or in the posterior part of the 
mouth. 

postorbital (post-or'-bit-dl) [post, orbita, orbit]. 
Situated behind or below the orbit. 

postotic (post-o'-tik) [post-; ovs, ear]. Behind the 
auditory vesicle. 

postpalatal (post-pal'-at-al) [post-; palatum, the 
palate]. Situated behind the palate bones. 

postparalytic (post-par-ah-lit'-ik) [post-; paralysis]. 
Following an attack of paralysis. 

postpartum (post-par' -turn) [post-; partus, birth]. 
Following childbirth, as postpartum hemorrhage. 

postpeduncle (post-pe'-dunk-l) [post-; pedunculus, 
peduncle]. The inferior cerebellar peduncle. 

postperforatus (post-per-for-a'-tus) [post-; perforare, 
to perforate]. The posterior perforated space. 

postpharyngeal (post-far-in'-je-al) [post-; pharynx]. 
Situated behind the pharynx. 

postpituitary (post-pit-u'-it-a-re) [post-; pituitary]. 
Situated behind the pituitary body. 

postpleuritic (post-ploo-rit'-ik). Following pleurisy. 

postpneumonic (post-nu-mon'-ik). Following pneu- 
monia. 

postpone (post-pon') [post-; ponere, to place]. 
Of a paroxysm, to occur after the regular time. 

postponent (post-po'-nent) [see postpone]. Delayed 
in recurrence. 

postpontile (post-pon' -til) [post-; pons]. Situated 



behind the pons Varolii, p. recess, the foramen 
caecum. 

postpyramidal (post-pir-am'-id-al) [post-; pyramid]. 
Situated behind the pyramidal tract, p. nucleus, 
the nucleus funiculi gracilis. 

postramus (post-ra'-mus) [post-; ramus, branch]. 
The caudal or horizontal branch of the stem of the 
arbor of the cerebellum. 

postrhinal (post-ri'-nal) [post-; pis, nose]. Pos- 
terior and rhinal. p. fissure, the basirhinal fissure. 

postrolandic (post-ro-lan'-dik). Situated behind 
the fissure of Rolando. 

postsacral (post-sa'-kral) [post-; sacrum]. Situated 
behind or below the sacrum. 

postscalenus (post-ska-le'-nus) [post-; scalenus]. 
The scalenus posticus muscle. 

postscapula (post-skap'-u-lah) [post-; scapula]. 
The part of the scapula below or posterior to the 
spine. 

postscapular (post-skap'-u-lar). Pertaining to the 
postscapula. 

postscapularis (post-skap-u-la'-ris) [post-; scapula]. 
Synonym of the infraspinatus muscle. 

postscarlatinal (post-skar-lat-e'-nal). Occurring 
after scarlatina. 

postsphenoid (post-sfe'-noid) [post-; sphenoid]. 
Situated behind the sphenoid bone; also, forming 
its posterior portion. 

postsylvian (post-sil'-ve-an). Situated behind the 
Sylvian fissure of the brain. 

postsyphilitic (post-sif-il-U'-ik). Flowing syphilis. 

postsystolic (post-sis-tol'-ik) [post-; systole). Oc- 
curring after the systole of the heart. 

posttarsal (post-tar' -sal). Located behind the 
tarsus. 

posttibial (post-tib'-e-al) [post-; tibia]. Situated 
upon the posterior aspect of the tibia. 

posttyphoid (post-ti'-foid). Following typhoid. 

postulate (pos'-tu-lat) [postulare, to demand]. A 
well-known law; a basis of argument too obvious to 
require proof, p.s, Koch's. See Koch. 

postural (pos'-tur-al) [ponere, to place]. Per- 
taining to posture or position; performed by means 
of a special posture, as postural treatment. 

posture (pos'-tilr). See position. 

postuterine (post-u' -ter-in) [post-; uterus]. Situ- 
ated behind the uterus. 

postvaccinal (post-vaks'-sin-nal). Following vacci- 
nation. 

postvermis (post-ver'-mis) [post-; vermis]. The 
inferior vermiform process of the cerebellum. 

potable (po'-ta-bl) [potare, to drink]. Drinkable; 
fit to drink. 

Potain's solution (po-tan') [Pierre Carl Edouard 
Potain, French physician, 1825-1901]. For use with 
the hemoglobinometer : a mixture of a solution of gum 
acacia, sp. gr. 1020, 1 volume; equal parts of sodium 
sulphate and sodium chloride in solution of sp. gr. 
1020, 3 volumes. P.'s syndrome, dyspepsia and 
dilatation of the right ventricle with accentuation of 
the pulmonary sound, observed during the digestive 
process in cases of gastrectasis. 

potamophobia (pot-am-of-o'-be-ah) [iroranos, river; 
<f>6J3os, fear]. The morbid fear of sheets of water. 

potash (pot' -ash). 1. Potassium hydroxide; caustic 
potash. 2. Potassium carbonate. 

potassa (po-tas'-ah). Potash. See potassium 
hydroxide. 

potassacol (po-tas'-sa-kol). The potassium salt of 
guaiacol-sulphonic acid. 

potassic (po-tas'-ik) [potassa]. Containing po- 
tassium. 

potassiocupric (po-tas-e-o-ku'-prik). Containing 
potassium and copper. 

potassiomercuric (po-tas-e-o-mer-ku'-rik). Com- 
bined with potassium and mercury. 

potassium (po-tas'-e-um) [potassa, potash]. A 
silver-white, soft, very ductile metal, belonging 
to the alkali group, and having a sp. gr. of 0.865; 
quantivalence I; atomic weight 39.10; symbol K (from 
the Latin kalium). It forms compounds with 
nearly all nonmetals. p. acetate (potassii acetas, 
U. S. P., B. P.), KC2H3O2, used in rheumatism, as a 
diuretic in dropsy, and in cutaneous diseases. Dose 
20 gr.-i dr. (1.3-4.0 Gm.). p. arsenate, K2HASO4, 
extremely poisonous crystals, soluble in water; 
used as an antiperiodic and alterative. Dose 5W5 
gr. (0.003-0.006 Gm.). p. arsenite, solution of 
(liquor potassii arsenitis, U. S. P.), Fowler's solution. 
Dose 3 min. (0.2 Cc). p. bicarbonate (potassii 



POTASSIUM 



709 



POTT'S ANEURYSM 



bicarbonas, U. S. P., B. P.), KHCOs, used as an 
antacid. It is also highly recommended in influenza 
and to abort colds. Dose 20 gr.-i dr. (1.3-4.0 Gm.). 
p. binoxalate, salt of sorrel, a constituent of wood- 
sorrel, p. bisulphate, KHSOi, has been used as a 
laxative and refrigerant. Dose 1-2 dr. (4-8 Gm.). 
p. bitartrate (potassii bitartras, U. S. P., B. P.), cream 
of tartar, KHC4H4O6, used as a cathartic, as a diuretic 
in dropsy, and for making refrigerant drinks in febrile 
affections. It is an ingredient of pulvis jalapce 
compositus (U.S. P.). Dose 1 dr.-§ oz. (4-16 Cc). 
p. bromide. See bromidum, potassii, under bromine. 
p. camphorate, K2C10H14O4, white, antiseptic crystals, 
soluble in water, used in night-sweats of tuberculosis, 
gonorrhea, etc. Dose 10-30 gr. (0.65-2.0 Gm.). 
p. carbolate, C6H5OK, white, antiseptic crystals, 
soluble in water; used in diarrhea and dysentery. 
Dose 1-5 gr. (0.065-0.32 Gm.). p. carbonate 
(potassii carbonas, U. S. P., B. P.), used as an antacid 
in dyspepsia and as an antilithic. p. chlorate 
(potassii Moras, U. S. P., B. P.), KClOs, used locally 
and internally in various forms of stomatitis, in 
mercurial ptyalism, and in pharyngitis. Dose 10- 
20 gr. (0.65-1.3 Gm.). In overdoses it is an irritant 
poison. From it are prepared trochisci potassii 
chloratis (U. S. P.). p. citrate (potassii citras, U. S. 
P., B. P.), K3C6H5O7+H2O, used as a diaphoretic in 
fevers, in bronchitis, and in rheumatism, the uric- 
acid diathesis, etc. Dose 20-30 gr. (1.3-2.0 Gm.). 
p. citrate, effervescent (potassii citras effervescens, 
U. S. P.), is used like the preceding. Dose 1-2 dr. 
(4-8 Cc). p. citrate, solution of (liquor potassii 
citratis, U. S. P.), an aqueous liquid containing 8 % 
of anhydrous potassium citrate with small amounts 
of citric and carbonic acids. Neutral mixture is 
prepared by substituting lemon-juice for the citric 
acid. Dose J-i oz. (16-30 Cc). p. cobaltinitrate, 
has been employed in asthma, nephritis, and valvu- 
lar heart disease. Dose |— § gr. (0.016-0.032 Gm.). 
p. cyanide (potassii cyanidum, U. S. P., B. P.), 
KCN, is similar in properties to hydrocyanic acid. 
It is also used locally in neuralgia. Dose \ gr. 
(0.008 Gm.). p. dichromate, p. bichromate (potassii 
dichromas, U. S. P., B. P.), K 2 Cr 2 07, used as a 
caustic, and for the preparation of battery-fluids 
and of preserving-fluids for tissues; it was formerly 
employed as an alterative, p. diiodoresorcin- 
monosulphate. See picrol. p. dithiocarbonate, 
K2COS2, an orange-red, crystalline powder, used 
externally in skin diseases: eczema, 5 to io % oint- 
ment; psoriasis, 20 % ointment, p. ferricyanide, 
K6Feo(CN)i2, # is used in the arts and as a reagent. 
p. ferrocyanide (potassii ferrocyanidum, U. S, P., 
B.P.), K4Fe(CN) 6 +3H 2 0, yellow prussiate of potash, 
has been used in the night-sweats of tuberculosis. 
Dose 10-15 gr. (0.65-1.0 Gm.). It is extensively 
employed in the arts, as a reagent, and in pharmacy 
to prepare diluted hydrocyanic acid. p. fluores- 
ceinate, K2C20H10O5, the potassium salt of fluorescein; 
a yellowish-red powder, soluble in water. It is used 
to detect corneal ulcerations, p.-guaiacol sulphonate, 
a fine white powder, soluble in water, containing 
60 % of guaiacol. Dose 5-15 gr. (0.32-0.97 Gm.). 
p. hydroxide (potassii hydroxidum, U. S. P., B. P.), 
KOH, caustic potash. This is a white solid, usually 
occurring in the form of pencils, and having powerful 
escharotic properties, p. hypochlorite, KOC1, a 
substance which in solution forms Javelle water. 
p. hypophosphite (potassii hypophosphis, U. S. P.), 
KH2PO2. Dose 10-30 gr. (0.65-2.0 Gm.). See 
hypophosphite. p. iodate, is used in stomatitis and 
pharyngitis as a substitute for potassium chlorate. 
Dose 4-8 gr. (0.26-0.52 Gm.). p. iodide (potassii 
iodidum, U. S. P., B. P.), KI, is used as an alterative 
in syphilis; in chronic poisoning by lead or mercury; 
as an absorbent of inflammatory exudates; in chronic 
rheumatism, etc. Dose 2-10 gr. (0.13-0.65 Gm.); 
in syphilis several drams may be administered daily. 
From it are prepared unguentum iodi and unguentum 
potassii iodidi (U. S. P.). p. nitrate (potassii nitras, 
U. S. P., B. P.), KNO3, saltpeter, is used as a re- 
frigerant diuretic and diaphoretic; in asthma the 
inhalation of fumes produced by burning niter-paper 
(paper dipped in a solution of the nitrate and dried) 
is useful. Dose 10-20 gr. (0.65-1.3 Gm.). From it 
is_ prepared argenti nitras mitigatus (U. S. P.). p. 
nitrite, KNO2, white, amorphous sticks, soluble in 
water; used in asthma, epilepsy, etc. Dose \-2 gr. 
(0.0 16-0. 13 Gm.) several times daily, p. nitro- 
prusside, K2F2 . NO . (CN) 5 +2H 2 0, garnet-red crys- 



tals, soluble in water or alcohol, used as a test for 
albumin in urine, p. perchlorate, KCIO4, white 
crystals, slightly soluble in water; antipyretic, anti- 
periodic, sedative, and diuretic. Dose 5-15 gr. 
(0.32-1.0 Gm.). Syn., hyper chlorate of potassium. 
p. permanganate (potassii permanganas, U. S. P., 
B. P.), KMn04, is a salt of permanganic acid, which 
is derived from the manganese heptoxide, MmOz. 
It is used as an antiseptic and deodorant, in amenor- 
rhea, and as an antidote to opium-poisoning and 
poisoning by snake-bites. Dose as an emmenagogue 
1-2 gr. (0.065-0.13 Gm.). It is also employed as a 
reagent. Condy's fluid is an aqueous solution of 
potassium permanganate 2 parts in 100. p. phos- 
phate, K2HPO4, has been used as an alterative in 
scrofula and pulmonary tuberculosis. Dose 10-30 
gr. (0.65-2.0 Gm.). p. salicylate, KC7H5O3, a white 
powder, soluble in water or alcohol; antipyretic, 
analgesic, antirheumatic Dose 6-15 gr. (0.4-1.0 
Gm.). p. silicate, IGSiOs (approximately), soluble 
glass, is used as is plaster-of-Paris for making fixed 
dressings for fractures, p. and sodium tartrate (po- 
tassii et sodii tartras, U. S. P., B. P.), KNaC4H 4 6 + 
4H2O, Rochelle salt, is used as a saline cathartic; 
it is an ingredient of seidlitz powder. Dose |-i oz. 
(16-32 Cc). p. sozoiodolate, KHC6H2I2OSO3, a 
white crystalline powder containing 58.8 % of iodine, 
20 % of phenol, and 7 % of sulphur; soluble in hot 
water, melts at 120 C. It is bactericidal and is 
used externally in 3 % ointment, p. sulphate (po- 
tassii sulphas, U. S. P., B. P.), K2SO4, is used as a 
laxative and purgative. Dose £-4 dr. (2-16 Gm.). 
p. sulphite, K2SO3+2H2O, is antiseptic and laxative 
and used in acid fermentation of the stomach. Dose 
15-60 gr. (1-4 Gm.). p. sulphobenzoate, KC-H5SO5 
+5H2O, soluble in water or alcohol; used as a wash, 
4 to 5 % solution, in skin diseases, p. sulphocarbc— 
late, KC6H5SO4+H2O, white crystals, soluble in 
water or alcohol. It is antiparasitic, germicidal, 
and antiseptic, p. sulphocarbonate, K2CS3, yellow 
crystals, soluble in water, used in baths in skin 
diseases, p. sulphocyanate, KCNS, colorless needles, 
soluble in water or alcohol; it is a constituent of 
saliva; sedative, antispasmodic, and anodyne. Dose 
f-3 gr. (0.05-0.2 Gm.); maximum dose 45 gr. (0.3 
Gm.), single; 24 gr. (1.5 Gm.) daily, p. sulpho- 
phenate. See p. sulphocarbolate. p. tartrate (potassii 
tartras, B. P.), K2C4D 4O6 . H2O, is used as a mild 
purgative in febrile affections. Dose 1 dr.-i oz. 
(4-32 Cc). p. valerate, KC5H9O2, used as a stimu- 
lant in low fevers, hysteria, etc. Dose 2-5 gr. (0.13— 
0.32 Gm.) several times daily. 

potato culture. A culture of microorganisms on 
potato, p. oil, crude amyl alcohol, p. treatment (of 
diabetes), a daily diet of 1-2 1 pounds of potatoes 
and the exclusion of bread. 

potency (po'-ten-se) [see potential]. 1. Power; 
efficacy. 2. In homeopathy, the degree of dilution 
of a drug. 

potentia (po-ten'-she-ah) [L.]. Power, potency, 
ability, faculty, p. coeundi, capacity for copulation. 
p. generandi, procreance. 

potential (po-ten'-shal) [potens, able]. 1. Capable 
of acting or doing work, as potential energy. 2. In 
electricity, a state of tension or of potential energy 
capable of doing work. If two bodies of different 
potential are brought together, a current is established 
between them that is capable of doing work. 

potentialization (po-tent-shal-i-za' -shun) . In home- 
opathy, the rendering of drugs potent by attenuation, 
dynamization, etc 

potentiation. See potentialization. 

potentize (po'-tent-iz) [posse, to be able]. To ren- 
der potent; in homeopathy, applied to drugs. 

potentor (po-tenf -or) [potentia, power]. A device 
for the mechanical treatment of male impotence due 
to lack of penile erectility. 

potio (po'-she-o) [L.]. A potion. 

potion (po'-shun) [potio]. A drink or draught. 

potocytosis (po-to-si-to'-sis) [potio; kvtos, cell]. 
The ability of cells to drink solutions. 

potomania (po-to-ma'-ne-ah) [potio; navla, mad- 
ness]. Delirium tremens. 

Pott's aneurysm [Percival Pott, English surgeon, 
17 14-1788]. Aneurysmal varix. P.'s boss, the 
projecting spinous process noticeable on palpation 
in Pott's disease or vertebral caries. P.'s curva- 
ture, P.'s gibbus, the deformity of Pott's disease. 
P.'s disease, caries of the vertebra?, generally of 
tuberculous origin. The symptoms are stiffness of 



POTTERS' ASTHMA 



710 



PREASEPTIC 



the spinal column, pain on motion, tenderness on 
pressure, undue prominence of one or more of the 
spines; in certain cases spasmodic pain in the ab- 
domen; formation of abscess; occasionally, in late 
stages, paralysis. P.'s fracture, fracture of the 
fibula about three inches above the ankle-joint, 
usually with a splitting-off of the tip of the inner 
malleolus, and at times rupture of the internal lateral 
ligament, with outward displacement of the foot. 
P.'s gangrene, senile gangrene. P.'s paraplegia, 
paraplegia caused by spinal caries. P.'s puffy 
tumor, circumscribed superficial swelling of the scalp 
connected with osteomyelitis of the skull. 

potters' asthma. A form of pneumonokoniosis 
prevalent among potters, p. bronchitis. See bron- 
chitis, p. clay. See argilla. p. consumption, a 
form of pneumonokoniosis prevalent among potters. 
p. lung, a chronic inflammation of the lungs common 
among potters, and due to the inhalation of 
dust. 

pouch [Fr., poche, a pocket]. A sac or pocket. 
p., Broca's. See Broca's pouch, p., pressure, a 
bulge in the wall of the esophagus due to weakness. 
p. of Douglas, p., rectouterine. See Douglas' culde- 
sac. p., laryngeal, a blind pouch of mucosa opening 
into the ventral part of the ventricle of the larynx. 

Poulet's disease (poo-la') [Alfred Poulet, French 
physician, 1848-18 88]. Rheumatoid osteoperiostitis. 

poultice (pol'-tis) [puis, porridge]. A soft, semi- 
liquid mass made of some cohesive substance mixed 
with water, and used for application to the skin, for 
the purpose of supplying heat and moisture or acting 
as a local stimulant. Syn., cataplasma. 

poultogen (pol'-to-jen). A poultice said to contain 
oil of wintergreen, boric acid, salicylic acid, iodine 
(in organic combination), and pine oils in a base of 
calcined siliceous earth. 

pound (pownd). A unit of measure of weight. 
The troy pound contains 12 oz., or 5760 grains; the 
avoirdupois pound contains 16 oz., or 7000 grains. 
Symbol lb. See weights and measures, p., foot-, 
the force necessary to raise one pound through the 
height of one foot. 

poundal (pown'-dal). A unit of force; that force 
which applied to a pound of matter for one second 
generates in it a velocity of one foot per second. 
p., foot. See poundal. 

Poupart's ligament (poo'-part) [Francois Poupart, 
French anatomist, 1661-1709]. The ligament ex- 
tending from the anterior superior spine of the ilium 
to the spine of the pubis and the pectineal line. It 
is the lower portion of the aponeurosis of the external 
oblique muscle. 

powder [Fr., poudre, from pulvis, powder]. 1. A 
collection of fine particles. 2. In pharmacy, a col- 
lection of fine particles of one or more substances 
capable of passing through a sieve having meshes of a 
certain fineness; also a single dose of such a substance. 
p., aromatic. See pulvis aromaticus. p., Dover's 
(pulvis ipecacuanha et opii, U. S. P.). See opium, 
powder of ipecac and. p., Dupuytren's. See Dupuy- 
tren's powder, p., gray, hydrargyrum cum creta. 
p., Gregory's. See Gregory's powder, p., James'. See 
antimony, powder of. p., Portland, a gout remedy 
consisting of equal parts of the tops and leaves of 
Teucrium chamcedrys, and Erythrcea centaurium, the 
leaves of Ajuga chamcepitys, and the roots of Gentiana 
lutea, and Aristolochia rotunda. Dose 1 dr. (3.8 
Gm.) daily before breakfast for 6 months; 40 gr. (1.2 
Gm.) for 3 months; § dr. (1.9 Gm.) for 6 months, 
and finally f dr. (1.9 Gm.) every other day for a 
year, p., Seidlitz-. See pulvis effervescens compositus 
p., Tully's. See Tully's powder. 

pox [pocks, pi. of pock, a vesicle or pustule]. 1. A 
term applied to any disease possessing a vesicular or 
pustular eruption. 2. Vulgarly, syphilis, p., chick- 
en-. See varicella, p., cow-. See cowpox. p., 
small-. See variola. 

P.p. Abbreviation for punctum proximum, Latin 
for near point. 

Ppt. Abbreviation for precipitate. 

Pr. Abbreviation for presbyopia. 

P.r. Abbreviation for punctum remotum, Latin 
for far point. 

practice (prak'-tis) [practicare, to practice]. The 
practice of medicine; the application of the principles 
of medicine to the diagnosis and treatment of disease. 

practician (prak-tish'-an). See practitioner. 

practise (prak'-tis) [see practice]. To perform the 
duties of a physician. 



practitioner (prak-tish'-on-er) [see practice] One 
who practises medicine. 

prae- (pre-) [L.]. See pre-. 

praecava (pre'-ka-vah). See precava. 

praecordia (pre-kor'-de-ah). See precordia. 

praecornu (pre-kor'-nu). See precomu. 

praecuneus (pre-ku-ne'-us). See precuneus. 

praegeniculatum (pre-jen-ik-u-la'-tum). See pre- 
geniculatum. 

prasmaxilla (pre-maks-iV -ah) . See premaxilla. 

praemedulla (pre-me-dul'-ah). Synonym of medulla 
oblongata. 

praeperforatus (pre-per-for-a'-tus). See preper- 
foratus. 

praeputium (pre-pu'-she-um). See prepuce. 

praevia (pre'-ve-ah) [fem. of prcevius, from prce, 
before; via, a way]. Coming before; standing before. 
p., placenta. See placenta prcevia. 

pragmatagnosia (prag-mat-ag-no'-ze-ah) [xpa-yjua, 
an object; &yi>u<ria, want of recognition]. Inability 
to recognize an object, p., visual, a term suggested 
for object-blindness. 

pragmatamnesia (prag-mat-am-ne'-ze-ah) [irpayfia, 
an object; afivrja-ia, forgetfulness]. Inability to re- 
member the appearance of an object, p., visual, 
a term suggested for that mental condition in which 
there is inability to call up the visual image of an 
object. 

Prague method (prag, or prahg) [Prague, the capital 
of Bohemia] . A method of delivery of the af tercoming 
head. The child's ankles are grasped above the in- 
ternal malleoli with the right hand. The index finger 
of the left hand is flexed over one clavicle, and the 
remaining fingers of the same hand over the other 
clavicle. Traction directly down is now made with 
both hands until the perineum is well distended. 
The right hand then loosens its hold upon the ankles 
and again grasps higher up the legs, the child's 
feet being in contact with the back of the right hand. 
By a circular movement the feet are now raised toward 
the mother's abdomen, the obstetrician using the 
left hand, as originally placed, as a fulcrum around 
which the head moves. 

prairie-itch. A name applied to various forms of 
skin diseases associated with pruritus, occurring in 
men engaged in work on prairies, among lumbermen, 
and others, and either due to scabies or pruritus 
hiemalis. 

praseodymium (pras-e-o-dim'-e-um). A metallic 
element, one of the constituents of didymium. 

prasoid (pra'-soid). 1. A solution of globularin 
and globularetin; used in acute gout and rheuma- 
tism. Dose 15-20 drops 3 times daily. 2. [irpaaov, 
the leek; elSos, likeness.] The color of a leek; leek- 
green. 

pratique (prah-teek') [Fr.]. The bill-of-health 
given to vessels by a health officer. 

Pratt's operation. The practice of orificial surgery, 
based on the belief that many chronic diseases are 
due to morbid conditions of the orifices of the body, 
particularly the anus and the urogenital canal. 
The operation consists in the dilatation of either or 
both of these orifices and the removal of any irri- 
tating condition that may be present. 

Pravaz's syringe (prav-ah') [Charles Gabriel 
Pravaz, French physician, 1791-1853]- A hypo- 
dermic syringe. 

praxinoscope (praks-in' -o-skop) [xpa£is, a doing; 
crKoirelv, to examine]. A modification of the zoetrope 
adapted to the purposes of laryngological instruction. 

Pray's test-letters or test. A test for astigmatism, 
consisting of capital letters composed of strokes that 
run in different directions for each letter. 

pre- [prce-]. A prefix signifying before. 

preacetabular (pre-as-et-ab'-u-lar) [pre-; acetabu- 
lum]. Situated in front of the acetabulum. 

preagonal (pre-ag'-on-al). Immediately preceding 
the death agony. 

prealbuminuric (pre-al-bu-min-u'-rik). Occurring 
before the appearance of albuminuria. 

preanal (pre-a'-nal) [pre-; anus]. Situated in 
front of the anus. 

preantiseptic (pre-an-tis-ep'-tik). Pertaining to the 
time before the adoption of antisepsis in surgical 
practice. 

preaortic (pre-a-or'-tik) [pre-; aorta]. Situated in 
front of the aorta. 

preaseptic (pre-a-sep'-tik) [pre-; asepsis]. Per- 
taining to the period before the introduction of 
aseptic surgery. 



PREATACTIC 



711 



PREGNANCY 



preatactic (pre-ah-tak'-tik). See preataxic. 

preataxic (pre-at-aks'-ik) [pre-; ataxia]. Occurring 
before ataxia. 

preauditory (pre-aw' -dit-or-e) [prce, before; audire, 
to hear]. Situated in front of the auditory nerve 
or canal. 

preauricular (pre-aw-rik'-u-lar) . Situated in front 
of the auricle. 

preaxal (pre-aks'-al) [prce, before; axis]. Pre- 
chordal; placed in front of the axon. 

preaxial (pre-aks'-e-al) [pre-; axis]. Situated in 
front of the axis of the body or of a limb. 

prebacillary (pre-bas'-il-a-re) [pre-; bacillus]. Oc- 
curring before the invasion of the system by bacilli. 

prebasilar {pre-baz'-il-ar) [prce, before; basis, base]. 
Situated, or occurring, in front of any basilar struc- 
ture, especially, in front of the basilar process of the 
occipital bone. 

prebrachial (pre-bra'-ke-al) [prce, before; brachium, 
arm] . Located on the anterior aspect of the brachium 
or upper arm, e. g., the group of prebrachial muscles: 
biceps, coraco-brachialis, and brachialis anticus. 

prebrachium (pre-bra'-ke-um). See brachium 
quadrigeminum superius. 

precancerous (pre-kan'-ser-us) [pre-; cancer]. Oc- 
curring before the development of a carcinoma. 

precapillary (pre-cap'-il-ar-e). An arteriole or 
venule. 

precardiac (pre-kar'-de-ak) [pre-; KapSla, heart]. 
Anterior to the heart. 

precava (pre-ka'-vah) [prce, before; cavus, hollow]. 
The superior, or descending vena cava. 

precentral (pre-sen'-tral) [pre-; centrum, center]. 
Situated in front of the central fissure of the brain. 
p. convolution, a convolution in front of the central 
fissure of the brain; the ascending frontal convolution. 

precerebellar (pre-ser-e-bel'-ar) [prce, before; cere- 
bellum]. Situated before (above) the cerebellum. 

precerebral (pre-ser'-e-bral) [prce, before; cere- 
brum]. Situated, or occurring before (above), the 
cerebrum. 

prechordal (pre-kor'-dal) [prce, before; chorda, 
chord, string]. Situated in front of the notochord. 

precipitant (pre-sip' -it-ant). Any reagent causing 
precipitation. 

precipitate (pre-sip' -it-at) [precipitare, from prce, 
before; caput, head], i. The solid substance thrown 
down from a solution of a substance on the addition 
of a reagent which deprives it of its solubility. 2. The 
product of the reaction between precipitinogen and 
precipitin. 3. To throw down in an insoluble form. 
4. Headlong; hasty, p. labor. See labor, precipitate. 
p., red, hydrargyrum oxidum rubrum. See mercury 
oxide, red. p., white, N2(Hg2)3Cl2, hydrargyrum am- 
moniatum. See mercury, ammoniated. 

precipitation (pre-sip-it-a'-shun) [precipitate]. The 
process of throwing down solids from the liquids 
which hold them in solution. Precipitates are crys- 
talline, amorphous, curdy, flocculent, granular, or 
gelatinous, according to the form assumed. 

precipitin (pre-sip' -it-in). A body produced in 
the blood-plasma of animals by repeated injections 
of bacterial filtrates or foreign organic substances 
(serum, milk, etc.) and causing a precipitation of 
the bacteria or foreign substance used in the prepara- 
tion. 

precipitinogen (pre-sip-it-in'-o-jen) . Any substance 
capable of causing the production of a specific 
precipitin. 

precipitinoid (pre-sip' -it-in-oid) . An inactive pre- 
cipitin modified by heating to 6o° C. 

preclavicular (pre-kla-vik'-u-lar). Ventrad of the 
clavicle. 

preclival (pre-kli'-val). In front of the clivus of 
the cerebellum. 

precocity (pre-kos'-il-e) [prce, before; coquere, to 
ripen]. Early development or maturity. It is 
applied especially to great development of the 
mental faculties at an early age. 

precommissure (pre-kom'-is-ur) [prce, before; com- 
missura, commissure]. The anterior commissure of 
the brain. 

preconvulsant (pre-kon-vul'-sant). Relating to 
the stage of a disease preceding convulsions. 

precordia (pre-kor'-de-ah) [pre-; cor, the heart]. 
1. A name applied by the ancients to the diaphragm, 
the thoracic viscera, or the epigastric region. 2. The 
area of the chest overlying the heart. 

precordial (pre-kor'-de-al) [precordia]. Pertaining 
to the precordia. 



precordialgia (pre-kor-de-al'-je-ah) [prce, before; 
cor, heart; 0X705, pain]. Pain in the precordial 
region. 

precordium (pre-kor'-de-um) . Syn., precordia. 

precornu (pre-kor'-nu) [pre-; cornu, a horn]. 
Anterior horn of lateral ventricle of the brain. 

precribrum (pre-krib'-rum) [prce, before; cribrum, 
sieve]. The anterior perforated space of the brain. 

precuneal (pre-ku'-ne-al) [prce, before; cuneus, 
wedge]. Situated in front of the cuneus; specifically, 
pertaining to the precuneus. 

precuneate (pre-ku'-ne-at). See precuneal. 

precuneus (pre-ku'-ne-us) [pre-; cuneus, a wedge]. 
The quadrate lobule of the parietal lobe situated in 
front of the cuneus of the occipital lobe. 

prediastolic (pre-di-as-tol'-ik) [pre-; diastole]. 
Occurring before the diastole. 

predicrotic (pre-di-krot'-ik) . Preceding the dicrotic 
wave or elevation of the sphygmographic tracing. 

predigested (pre-dij-es'-ted) [prce, before; digerere, 
to digest]. Partly digested by artificial means before 
being taken into the stomach, p. foods, foods that 
have been prepared by a process of artificial digestion 
through the agency of various ferments. 

predigestion (pre-di-jes'-chun) [prce, before; digerere, 
to digest]. The partial digestion of food before it is 
eaten. 

predisposing (pre-dis-po'-zing) [see predisposition]. 
Rendering susceptible or liable to attack. 

predisposition (pre-dis-po-zish'-un) [pre-; dis- 
ponere, to dispose]. The state of having a sus- 
ceptibility to disease. 

predormition (pre-dor-mish'-un) [prce, before; 
dormition]. Applied to the stage of unconsciousness 
immediately preceding actual sleep. 

preepiglottic (pre-ep-i-glot'-ik). Ventrad of the 
epiglottis. _ 

preemptive (pre-e-rup'-tiv). Preceding eruption. 

prefontanel (pre-f on-tan-el') [prce, before; fon- 
tanel]. The anterior fontanel. 

preforceps (pre-f or' -ceps) [prce, before; forceps]. 
Those hooked or curved anterior fibers of the cal- 
losum that reach cephalad into the frontal lobe. 

prefrontal (pre-fron'-tal) [pre-; frons, forehead]. 
1. Situated in the anterior part of the frontal lobe 
of the brain. 2. The middle part of the ethmoid. 

pregeminal (pre-jem'-in-al) [prce, before; geminus, 
twin]. Relating to the anterior pair of the corpora 
quadrigemina. 

pregeminum (pre-jem'-in-um) [pre-; geminus, 
twin]. The anterior pair of the corpora quadri- 
gemina, considered as forming a single organ. 

pregeniculatum, pregeniculum (pre-jen-ik-u-la'- 
tum, pre-jen-ik'-u-lum) [pre-; geniculatum, genicu- 
late]. The external geniculate body. 

preglobulin (pre-glob'-u-lin) [pre-; globulin]. An 
albuminous body found in cell-protoplasm, insoluble 
in water, soluble in a 10 % sodium chloride solution 
and in dilute alkaline solution. 

pregnancy (preg'-nan-se) [prcegnans, from prce., 
before; gignere, to beget]. The state of being preg- 
nant, or with child; the state of the woman from 
conception to the expulsion of the ovum. The nor- 
mal duration of pregnancy is 280 days, or 10 lunar 
months, or 9 calendar months, p., abdominal, one 
in which the fetus lies in the abdominal cavity. 
p., cornual, that occurring in one of the horns of a 
two-horned uterus, p., extrauterine, ectopic gesta- 
tion; the development of the ovum outside of the 
cavity of the uterus, p., false, any condition in 
the abdomen that simulates pregnancy, p., hydatid, 
pregnancy with the formation of a hydatid mole. 
p., interstitial, pregnancy occurring in the part of 
the tube that traverses the uterine wall, p., intra- 
mural, interstitial pregnancy, p., mesenteric, tubo- 
ligamentary pregnancy, p., molar, pregnancy in 
which the ovum is converted into a mole, p., 
multiple, that form in which the uterus contains two 
or more developing ova. p., mural, a variety of 
extrauterine pregnancy in which the ovum develops 
in the wall of the uterus, p., ovarian, pregnancy 
occurring in the ovary, p., parietal, interstitial 
pregnancy, p., phantom, in hysteria, abdominal 
enlargement simulating pregnancy, p., sarcofetal, 
that in which both a fetus and a mole are present. 
p., sarcohysterical, false pregnancy due to a mole. 
p., signs of, those clinical manifestations by which 
the existence of pregnancy may be demonstrated. 
There are three so-called absolute signs: ballotte- 
ment, fetal movements, and the fetal heart-sounds. 



PREGNANCY 



712 



PREGNANCY 



u 
rt 

<U 
CO 

00 


O 






s 

s 




s 








£ 

■^ 
^ 




g 

^ 




8 


3 


1 

8 
"I 


►o 

8 

sa 
1* 


►o 
o 

o 


O 

3 


H t~- 

ro 




H IO 

PO 




H t^ 

ro 




H t~ 

ro 


H t^ 

ro 




H t^ 

ro 




H t^ 

ro 


o 


OO 
IT) 




o -st 

PO 


o «t 

ro 


OO 
ro 


oo 

ro 


OO 
ro 


OO 
ro 


O t- 

ro 


OO 
ro 


OO 
ro 


OO 

ro 




On to 




a po 

N 


O\ro 
Pi 


OMO 
PI 


a io 


On to 
Pi 


On IO 
PI 


OnO 
pi 


On to 


On to 


On to 


l-i 
O 
co 

& 

O 

00 

«H 


00 "st 


00 to 
PI 


00 cs 


00 P) 

pi 


00 rj- 
Pl 


00 Tt 
PI 


00 ^t 
Pl 


00 Tt 


00 to 


00 Tt 


00 -st 


00 "st 


t^ fO 


t-^t 
PI 


l> H 


t^ H 


r^ ro 
pi 


i> ro 


t> ro 
pi 


t^ ro 

O « 
pi 


I>^t 

O ro 
pi 


t^ ro 
O pi 


r^ro 
O pi 


t^ro 


O PI 
PI 


O ro 


(N 


PO 


O H 

pi ro 


O PI 
PI 


O PI 
pi 


O PI 


O PI 


K - ,g 


to h 

PI 


t« PI 


to o 
PI PO 


io o 

pi ro 


PI 


>0 H 

PI 


IO H 
PI 


IO H 
PI 


IO M 


tOH 

PI 


to H 

pi 


IflH 
PI 


PREGNANCY 

show the expirat 


^H 

pi ro 


■stH 


M PI 


■st-O 
PI PI 


^00 

PI PI 


^J-H 

pi ro 


pi ro 


pi ro 


"Sj-H 
PI 


^H 

PI ro 


•stH 

PI ro 


■*o 

PI ro 


ro O 
n ro 


fOO 
M PO 


POOO 
M PI 


rooo 
pi Pi 


ro t~ 
pi pi 


fOO 
pi ro 


roa 
PI PI 


rOO 
pi ro 


fOO 
PI ro 


rOO 
Pi ro 


rOO 
PI ro 


roo. 
pi pi 


PI On 


N On 
CM PI 


pi t-» 


pi r^ 
pi pi 


pi O 
Pi pi 


pi Ov 
PI Pi 


PI 00 
PI PI 


PI On 
pi PI 


Pi On 
PI PI 


PI On 
PI PI 


PI On 


PI 00 


H00 
PI N 


HCO 


HO 
P) PI 


HO 


H IO 
PI PI 


HCO 

PI PI 


h r~- 
pi pi 


H00 
PI PI 


HCO 
PI PI 


HCO 


HCO 


Sir 


E DURATION OF 

ion; the figure beneath wil 


O I> 

pi pi 


o r- 

PI N 


o to 

PI PI 


o »« 


o ■<* 


O t> 

PI PI 


oo 
PI PI 


o » 


O t~- 

Pl PI 


O t> 
PI PI 


o «-~ 


oo 


OnO 


ao 

H CM 


0>^t 

H PI 


a^ 


Oi ro 

H PI 


OnO 

H PI 


On to 


OnO 

H P| 


OnO 

H PI 


OnO 
H M 


OnO 

H PI 


On to 


00 IO 


00 IO 
H PI 


oo ro 

H PI 


00 ro 

H PI 


00 N 

H PI 


oo \n 

H PI 


00 t}- 

H PI 


00 to 

H PI 


oo to 

H PI 


oo to 

H PI 


00 to 

H PI 


00 -st 

H PI 


t^^t 


t- -st 


I>P1 


t^ PI 


t~ H 


I>^t 


t> ro 


J>"=t 


t-rt 


J>"«t 


t-rt 


i> ro 

H PI 


O ro 


O PO 


O H 


O H 


o o 


O ro 


O Pi 


O ro 


O ro 


O ro 


O ro 


O PI 
H PI 


IO PI 


IO PI 


to o 


l/) o 


IO On 


m pi 


IO H 


to PI 


IO PI 


to PI 


to PI 


IO H 
H PI 


E OF TH 

ast menstruat 


"vtH 
M PI 


H PI 


i-o 


*ta 


■sfroo 


■st-H 
H PI 


TtO 

H PI 


StH 
H PI 


<tH 


^•H 
H PI 


•StH 


rto 


fOO 
M PI 


PO O 

H (N 


POOO 


rooo 


rOI> 

H H 


rOO 

H PI 


rOO. 

H H 


POO 

H PI 


roo 


roo 

H PI 


ro O 


r0 On 


PI On 


«a Ut> 


Pi t^ 


PIO 


PI o» 


N 00 


PI On 


PI On 


PI On 


PI On 

H 00 

O 1> 


PI 00 


s ° 


H00 


hooIhO 

o r- o to 


o >o 


h in 


HCO 


OO 


h 00 
O t- 


H 00 
O t- 


H 00 

o r- 


H r^ 


O I> 


O tJ- 


o t^ 


OO 




a* 


OnO 


a^t 


0\rt 


0> ro 


ao 


On to 


OnO 
00 to 


OnO 
oo to 


OnO 
00 to 


OnO 
00 to 


On to 


W 2 


00 IO 


00 IO 


00 ro 


00 ro 


00 PI 


oo to 


00 "St 


00 "st 


"c3 


r- "* 


t>^- 


t^ Pi 


t^- PI 


t^ H 


!>■<* 


t- ro 


t-Tt 


t>^t 


r^-st 


I> -st 


t^ ro 


.§ 


O ro 


o ro 

IO N 


O H 

to o 


O h |o o 

>oo ma 


O ro 

LOP) 


O PI 

IO H 


O ro 
to PI 


O ro 


O ro 
IO PI 


O ro 
IO PI 


O PI 




IO PI 


to PI 


IO H 




*H 


<*H 

no 


<ta 


TtOv "*00 


TtH 

roO 


•stO 

roa 


^•H 

rOO 


■stH 

roo 


■StH 

ro O 


"StH 

rOO 


stO 
roa 


POO 


rooo POOO ro t- 


13 


N On 


n a 


PI l> 


PI c~- 


PiO 


PI o> 


PI 00 


PI On 

HCO 


PI On 

HCO 


PI On 

H 00 


1 

PI On 


PI 00 


I 


H00 


WOO 


HO HO 


H io 


HCO 


H t~ 


H 00 


H t^ 


| 






c 
>- 
cc 


1 

8 


C 
< 


s 

s 


> 


o 

s 

5 


c 




> 


1 >t 

,5 


1 

< 


'J 

1 


CO • 

XJ • 

S : 
aS 

cy 8 
W 1 ^ 


: : 

H 

X) • 

s * 

OS 


<u ■ 
£> ■ 

v 8 

> 60 

O 8 


as 



PREGNANT 



713 



PRESCAPULARIS 



p., tubal, pregnancy which takes place within the 
Fallopian tube, p., tuboabdominal, that in which 
the ovum is developed in the ampulla and extends 
into the abdominal cavity, p., tuboligamentary, 
that in which there is secondary invasion of the 
broad ligament and subperitoneal tissues, p., 
tuboovarian, that in which the ovum is attached to 
the oviduct and ovary, p., tubouterine. Same as 
p., interstitial, p., uteroabdominal, that in which 
there is one fetus in the uterus and another in the 
abdominal cavity, p., uteroovarian, that in which 
there is one fetus in the uterus and another in the 
ovary, p., uterotubal, that in which one fetus is 
in the uterus and another in the oviduct. 

pregnant (preg'-nant) [see pregnancy]. With 
child; gravid. 

prehemiplegic (pre-hem-i-ple'-jik) [pre-; hemi- 
plegia]. Occurring before an attack of hemiplegia, 
as prehemiplegic chorea. 

prehensile (pre-hen'-siT) [see prehension]. Adapted 
for grasping. 

prehension (pre-hen'-shun) [prehendere, to lay 
hold of]. The act of grasping or seizing. 

prehypophysis (pre-hi-poff'-is-is) [prce, before; 
hypophysis]. The anterior and larger portion of the 
hypophysis, derived from the enteron. 

preinsula (pre-in'-su-lah) [prce, before; insula]. 
The cephalic region of the insula. 

prelacrymal (pre-lak'-rim-al) [prce, before; lacryma, 
tear]. Situated in front of the lacrymal bone, or 
gland, or sac. 

prelimbic (pre-lim'-bik) [pre-; limbus, a border; 
a band]. Lying in front of a limbus. p. fissure, 
the anterior portion of the callosomarginal fissure. 

prelum (pre'-lum) [L.]. A press, p. abdominale, 
the squeezing of the abdominal viscera between the 
diaphragm and the rigid abdominal wall, as in the 
processes of defecation, micturition, and parturition. 
p. arteriale, a tourniquet. 

prelumbar (pre-lum'-bar) [prce, before; lumbus, 
loin]. Anterior to the lumbar vertebrae or the 
loins. , 

premalignant (pre-mal-ig'-nant). Occurring before 
the development of malignancy. 

premaniacal (pre-ma-ni'-ak-al) [prce, before; navla, 
mania]. Previous to insanity, or to an attack of 
mania. 

premature (pre'-ma-licr) [pre-; maturare, to ripen]. 
Occurring before the proper time, as premature labor. 

premaxilla (pre-maks-il'-ah). The intermaxillary 
bone. 

premaxillary (pre-maks'-il-a-re). In front of the 
maxilla, p. bone, the incisive or intermaxillary 
bone. 

premenstrual (pre-men' -stroo-aV) . Preceding men- 
struation. 

premolar (pre-tno'-lar) [pre-; molar], i. Situated 
in front of the molar teeth. 2. One of the two 
bicuspid teeth. 3. A molar tooth of the temporary 
set. 

premonitory (pre-mon'-it-o-re) [pre-; monere, to 
warn]. Forewarning; foreboding, as premonitory 
symptoms, those which forebode the onset of an 
attack of a disease. 

prenaris (pre-na'-ris) [prce, before; naris, nostril; 
pi., prenares]. The anterior naris. 

prenasal (pre-na'-zal) [prce, before; nasus, nose]. 
In front of the nose or nasal passages. 

prenatal {pre-na'-tal) [pre-; natus, born]. Ex- 
isting or occurring before birth. 

preoblongata (pre-ob-lon-gah'-tah). The cephalic 
portion of the oblongata; situated mainly between 
the pons and the fourth ventricle. 

preoccipital (pre-ok-sip'-it-al) [prce, before; occiput]. 
Situated anterior to the occipital region, p. fissure, 
a fissure on the ventral, lateral surface of the cerebrum 
separating the occipital and sphenotemporal lobes. 
p. notch, a notch indicating the division between the 
occipital and temporal lobes of the brain. 

preoccupation (pre-ok-u-pa'-shun). The condition 
of being so engrossed in one's own thoughts as not 
to answer or hear when accosted. 

preoperculum, praeoperculum (pre-o-per'-ku-lum) 
[prce, before; operculum, a lid: pi., preopercula]. 
The frontal operculum of the brain, between the 
presylvian and subsylvian fissures. 

preoptic (pre-op'-tik). Anterior to the optic lobes; 
pregeminal. 

preopticus (pre-op'-tik-us) [prce, before; 6$, sight]. 
The anterior pair of the quadrigeminal bodies. 



preoral (pre-o'-ral) [prce, before; os, oris, mouth]- 
Situated in front of the mouth; prebuccal. 

preovarian (pre-o-va'-re-an). Situated in front of 
the ovary. 

prepalatal (pre-pal'-at-al) [prce, before; palatum, 
palate]. Situated in front, or in the anterior part, 
of the palate. 

preparation (prep-ar-a'-shun) [prceparare, to make 
ready]. 1. The act of making ready. 2. Anything 
made ready, especially, in anatomy, any part of 
the body prepared or preserved for illustrative or 
other uses. 3. In pharmacy, any compound or 
mixture made after a formula. 

preparative (pre-par'-at-iv). An immune body; 
amboceptor, q. v. 

preparator (prep'-ar-a-tor). An immune body; 
amboceptor. 

prepatellar (pre-pat-el'-ar) [pre-; patella]. Situ- 
ated in front of the patella, as prepatellar bursa. 

prepeduncle {pre-pe'-dung-kl) [prce, before; pe- 
dunculus, peduncle]. The anterior of the cerebellar 
peduncles. 

preperforatus (pre-per-for-a'-tus) [prce, before; 
perforare, to perforate]. The anterior perforated 
space. 

preperitoneal. See preperitoneal. 

prephthisis (pre-ti'-sis, pre-te'-sis) [prce, before; 
phthisis]. The pretuberculous state. The predis- 
position to tuberculosis. 

prepituitary (pre-pit-ii'-it-a-re) [prce, before; pitui- 
tary]. Situated in front of the pituitary body. 

preplacental (pre-plas-en'-tal) [prce, before; pla- 
centa]. Previous to the formation of the placenta. 

prepontile (pre-pon'-tll) [prce, before; pons, a bridge]. 
Situated in front of or above the pons Varolii. 

prepotency {pre-po'-ten-se) [prce, before; posse, 
to be powerful]. In biology, dominant "force of 
heredity." The power that one parent may have 
of impressing his or her own character upon the 
offspring, the peculiar characters of the other parent 
being less obviously transmitted. 

prepotent (pre-po'-tent) [prce, before; posse, to be 
able]. Having a marked tendency to transmit 
individual characters to offspring. 

prepuberal (pre-pu'-ber-al). Prior to puberty. 

prepuce (pre'-pils) [prceputium, prepuce]. The 
foreskin of the penis, a fold of skin lined by mucous 
membrane and covering the glans penis. 

preputial (pre-pu'-she-al) [prepuce]. Pertaining to 
the prepuce. 

prepyloric (pre-pi-lor'-ik) [prce, before; pylorus]. 
Placed in front of or preceding the pylorus. 

prepyramid (pre-pir'-am-id) [prce, before; pyramis, 
pyramid]. One of the anterior (ventral) pyramids 
of the oblongata. 

preramus (pre-ra'-mus) [prce, before; ramus, 
branch]. The vertical (anterior or cephalic) branch 
of the stem of the arbor of the cerebellum. 

prerectal (pre-rek'-tal) [prce, before; rectum]. Sit- 
uated in front of the rectum. 

prerenal {pre-re'-naV) [prce, before; ren, kidney]. 
Situated in front of the kidney. 

prereproductive (pre-re-pro-duk'-tiv). Relating to 
the period of life preceding puberty. 

presbycusis, presbykousis (prez-be-koo'-sis) [vpka- 
0vs, old; &Koveu>, to hear]. The lessening of the acute- 
ness of hearing that occurs in old age. 

presbyonosus (prez-be-on'-o-sus) [irphafivs, old; 
v6<Tos, disease]. Any disease peculiar to old age. 

presbyope {prez'-be-op) [see presbyopia]. One who 
is presbyopic. 

presbyophrenia (prez-be-o-fren'-e-ah) [irpkapvs, old; 
<f>pr)v, mind]. Senile dementia. 

presbyopia (prez-be-o'-pe-ah) [irpkaflvs, old; &\f/, 
eye]. The condition of vision in the aged, due to 
diminished power of accommodation from impaired 
elasticity of the crystalline lens, whereby the near- 
point of distinct vision is removed farther from the 
eye. 

presbyopic (prez-be-op'-ik). Affected with pres- 
byopia. 

presbyosphacelus (prez-be-o-sfas'-el-us) [irpka^vs, 
old; a<t>cLKe\os, gangrene]. Senile gangrene. 

presbytia (prez-bish'-e-ah). Synonym of presby- 
opia. 

presbytic (prez-bit'-ik) . Suffering from | pres- 
byopia. 

presbytism (prez'-bit-izm). Presbyopia. 

prescapularis (pre-skap-u-la'-ris) [prce, before; 
scapula]. The supraspinatus muscle. 



PRESCLEROSIS 



714 



PRIMITIVE 



presclerosis (pre-skle-ro'-sis). The vascular con- 
dition which precedes arteriosclerosis. 

presclerotic (pre-skle-rot'-ik). Preceding the oc- 
currence of sclerosis. 

prescription (pre-skrip'-skun) [pre-; scribere, to 
write]. A formula written by the physician to the 
apothecary, designating the substances to be admin- 
istered. A prescription consists of the heading, us- 
ually the symbol Ifc (standing for the Latin word 
recipe, imperative of recipere, to take) , the names and 
quantities of the ingredients, the directions to the 
apothecary, the directions to the patient, the date 
and the signature. 

presenile (pre-se'-nll) [pre-; senilis, age]. Pre- 
maturely old. 

presenility (pre-sen-il'-it-e). Premature old age. 
See progeria. 

present (pre-zent') [prcesentare, to place before]. 
Of a part of the fetus, to appear first at the os uteri. 

presentation (pre-zen-ta'-shun) [see present]. In 
obstetrics, that part of the fetal body which presents 
itself to the examining finger at the os uteri. 

preservalin {pre-zerv'-al-in). A mixture of borax 
and boric acid used by dairymen. 

presphenoid (pre-sfe'-noid). The anterior part of 
the body of the sphenoid bone. 

presphigmic (pre-sfig'-mik) [prce, before; <r<i>vyn6s, 
pulse]. Pertaining to the period preceding the pulse- 
wave. 

prespinal (pre-spi'-nal) [prce, before; spina, spine]. 
In anatomy, ventrad of the spine. 

presse-artere (pres'-ar-tar) [Fr.]. An instrument 
for the compression or temporary occlusion of an 
artery. 

pressor {pres'-or) [premere, to press], i. Stimu- 
lating. 2. A substance found in the infundibular part 
of the hypophysis; it produces a rise in blood-pres- 
sure. Cf. depressor, p. nerves. Nerves which un- 
der stimulation cause the vasomotor centers to react. 

pressure (presh'-ur) [premere, to press]. Force, 
weight, or tension, p., after, the sense of pressure 
that remains for a brief period after the removal of an 
object from the surface of the body, p., arterial, 
the tension of the blood within the arteries, p., at- 
mospheric, the pressure of the atmosphere; it equals 
about fifteen pounds to the square inch at sea-level. 
p., bipolar, pressure on the two ends of a bone. It is 
used in differentiating fractures from contusions, pro- 
ducing pain in the case of the former, p., blood, the 
pressure of the blood against the walls of the vessels 
or of the heart. It is measured by means of the man- 
ometer, p., endocardial, the pressure of the blood 
within the heart, p., intra-abdominal, the pressure 
exerted upon the parietes by the abdominal viscera. 
p., intracranial, the pressure of the contents of the 
cranium upon its walls, p., intra-ocular. See ten- 
sion, intraocular, p., intrathoracic, the pressure of 
the intrathoracic organs upon the walls of the chest, 
p.-myelitis, myelitis from pressure on the cord, p., 
negative, the force of suction; also absence of pres- 
sure, p.-points or spots, points of marked sensibil- 
ity to pressure or weight, arranged like the temper- 
ature-spots, and showing a specific end-apparatus 
arranged in a punctated manner and connected with 
the pressure-sense, p.-pouch. See pouch, p., pulse, 
the difference between the systolic and diastolic blood- 
pressure, p.-sense, the sense by which knowledge is 
obtained of the amount of weight or pressure which 
is exerted upon a part of the body. p. sore. See bedsore. 

presternum (pre-ster'-num). The manubrium or 
superior segment of the sternum. 

Preston's salt. Ammonium carbonate. 

presuppurative {pre-sup'-u-ra-tiv). Pertaining to 
an early stage of inflammation, prior to supporatiun. 

presylvian fissure. The anterior branch of the 
Sylvian fissure. 

presystole (pre-sis'-to-le) [prce, before; systole]. 
The period of the heart's pause preceding the systole. 

presystolic (pre-sis-tol'-ik) [pre-; systole]. Preced- 
ing the systole of the heart, as the presystolic murmur, 
presystolic thrill. 

pretarsal (pre-tar'-sal). Located anterior to the 
tarsus. 

pretibial (pre-tib'-e-al) [pre-; tibia]. Situated in 
front of the tibia. 

pretuberculous {pre-tu-ber'-ku-lus) [pre-; tubercu- 
losis]. Preceding the development of tuberculosis. 

pretympanic (pre-tim-pan'-ik) [prce, before; tym- 
panum]. Situated in front of the tympanum or tym- 
panic region. 



preurethritis ipre-u-re-ihrV-tis). Inflammation of 
the vestibule of the vagina, around the urethral 
orifice. 

preventive (pre-ven'-tiv) [prcevenire, to anticipate; 
to prevent]. Warding off. p. medicine, the depart- 
ment of medicine dealing with the means and methods 
of preventing disease. 

prevermis (pre-ver'-mis) [prce, before; vermis, worm]. 
The superior vermiform process of the cerebellum. 

prevertebral (pre-ver'-te-bral) [pre-; vertebra]. Sit- 
uated in front of the vertebra. 

prevertiginous (pre-ver-tij'-in-us) [pre-; vertigo]. 
Dizzy, with a tendency to fall prone. 

prevesical (pre-ves'-ik-al) [prce, before; vesica, blad- 
der]. Situated in front of the bladder. 

Prevost's symptom (pra-vo') [Jean Louis Prevost, 
Swiss physician, 1838- ]. Conjugate deviation 
of the eyes and head, which look away from the pal- 
sied extremities and toward the affected hemisphere; 
it is noted in cerebral hemorrhage. 

Preyer's test for carbon monoxide in the blood. 
Warm three or four drops of the suspected blood for 
five minutes at 30 C. with 10 Cc. of water and 5 Cc. 
of potassium cyanide solution (1 : 2). The spectrum 
of normal blood, when so treated, loses the absorption 
line of oxyhemoglobin and in its place shows a broad 
absorption band, while the spectrum of carbon mon- 
oxide blood remains unchanged. 

prezygapophysis (pre-zi-gap-off'-is-is) [prce, before; 
tvyov, yoke; &ir6<f>vais, process]. An anterior or su- 
perior zygapophysis; a superior oblique, or articular 
process of a vertebra. 

priapism (pri'-ap-izm) [Uplairos, the god of pro- 
creation]. Persistent erection of the penis, usually 
unaccompanied by sexual desire. It is caused by 
injuries to t'he spinal cord or to the penis, and by 
vesical calculus. 

priapitis (pri-ap-i'-tis). Inflammation of the penis. 

prickle-cell. A cell possessing delicate rod-shaped 
processes by which it is connected with neighboring 
cells. 

prickle-layer. The lowest stratum of the epider- 
mis. It is formed of prickle-cells. 

prickly heat. See miliaria. 

Priessnitz bandage (prees'-nits) [Vincenz Priess- 
nitz, German "healer," 1799-1851]. A cold wet 
compress. 

Priestley's mass (prest'-le) [Joseph Priestley, Eng- 
lish clergyman and scientist, 1733-1804]. A green 
or greenish-brown deposit sometimes seen, especially 
in young individuals, on the upper and lower incisor 
and canine teeth; it is due to a growth of chromogenic 
fungi in Nasmyth's membrane. 

prims viae (pri'-me vi'-e) [L., "The primary pas- 
sages"]. The alimentary canal, the lacteals being 
"the secondary passages." 

primary (pri'-ma-re) [primus, first]. First in time 
or in importance, p. amputation, one that is done 
before the development of inflammation, usually 
within the first 24 hours, p. anesthesia, the transient 
anesthesia from a small amount of the anesthetic. 
p. bubo, a simple adenitis of an inguinal lymphatic 
gland, resulting from mechanical irritation. Syn., 
bubon d'emblee. p. dementia, a form of insanity oc- 
curring in young adults, and characterized by an ex- 
treme degree of apathy, the patient lying motionless, 
absolutely listless, without wants, and seemingly 
without preception of his surroundings, p. lesion, 
the original lesion which forms the starting-point for 
secondary lesions, p. sore, the initial sclerosis or 
chancre of syphilis. 

primigravida (pri-me-grav'-id-ah) [primus, first; 
gravidus, pregnant]. A woman pregnant for the first 
time. 

primipara {pri-mip'-ar-ah) [primus, first; par ere, to 
bear]. A woman bearing or giving birth to her first 
child. 

primiparity (pri-mip-ar'-it-e) [primus, first; par ere, 
to bear]. The condition of being a primipara. 

primiparous (pri-mip' '-ar-us) [primipara]. Preg- 
nant or in labor for the first time. 

primisteraal, primisternalis {pri-me-ster'-nal, pri- 
me-ster-na'-lis). Relating to the manubrium of the 
sternum. 

primitiae (pri-mish'-e-e) [primus, first]. The part 
of the liquor amnii discharged before the extrusion 
of the fetus at birth. 

primitive (prim'-it-iv) [primus, first]. First-form- 
ed; original, p. groove, the enlargement and deepen- 
ing of the primitive streak, p. streak, p. trace, a 



PRIMORDIAL 



715 



PROCESS 



streak appearing at the end of the germinal disc, and 
indicating the first trace of the embryo. 

primordial (pri-mor'-de-al) [primus, first; ordiri, to 
rise]. Existing in the beginning; first-formed; prim- 
itive; original; of the simplest character, p. kidney, 
the Wolffian body. p. ova, cells lying among the 
germ-epithelium of the surface of the embryonic 
ovary. 

primordium {pri-mor' -de-um) . An organ or struc- 
ture in its earliest state. 

Primula {prim'-u-lah) [primus, first]. Primrose, a 
genus of the Primulacece. Many species contain sap- 
onin and other bitter principles and salicylates. P. 
obconica is a well-known irritant poison, the symptoms 
resembling those of saponin poisoning, and is used in 
the treatment of skin diseases. 

princeps {prin'-seps) [L., "a leader"]. First; orig- 
inal, p. cervicis, a branch of the occipital artery sup- 
plying the trapezius muscle, p. pollicis, a branch of 
the radial artery going to the palmar surface of the 
thumb. 

principle (prin'-sipT) [principium, from princeps], 
A constituent of a compound having a definite com- 
position and representing its essential or character 
istic properties, p., proximate. See proximate prin- 
ciple, p., ultimate, any one of the elements which a 
compound body contains. 

prinos (pri'-nos) [L.]. Black alder, a shrub of the 
order Aquifoliacece. The bark and the berries of P. 
verticillaius have been employed as tonics and as- 
tringents in diarrhea, and locally as an application to 
ulcers. Dose §-i dr. (2-4 Cc); of a decoction 1-2 
oz. (32-64 Cc). 

prism (prizm) [irpivna, from irpLfav, to saw]. A 
solid whose bases or ends are similar plane figures and 
whose sides are parallelograms. In optics, a trans- 
parent solid with triangular ends and two converg- 
ing sides. It breaks up white light into its component 
colors, and bends the rays of light toward the side op- 
posite the angle (the base of the prism) , and is used to 
measure or correct imbalance of the ocular muscles. 
p.-diopter, p.-dioptry, a unit of prismatic refractive 
power; the refractive power of a prism that deflects a 
ray of light one centimeter on a tangent plane sit- 
uated at a distance of one meter, p., enamel-, one of 
the prismatic columns of from four to six sides com- 
posing the enamel of teeth, closely packed together 
and generally vertical to the surface of the under- 
lying dentin, p., Nicol's. See Nicol's prism, p.- 
optometer, an instrument for prismatic testing of the 
refraction of the eye. p.-verger, an instrument used 
in the measurement and enlargement of the fusion 
power of the eyes. 

prismatic (priz-mat'-ik) [prism]. Prism-shaped; 
produced by the action of a prism, as prismatic colors. 

prismoid (priz'-moid) [irpl<ry.a, prism; elSos, like]. 
Resembling a prism. 

prismoptometer (priz-mop-tom'-et-er) [prism; &\f/, 
eye; p.krpov, a measure]. An instrument for estima- 
ting refractive defects of the eye by means of two 
prisms placed base to base. 

prismosphere {priz' -mo-sfer) . A combination of a 
prism and a globular lens. 

privates (pri'-vets) [privatus, private]. A common 
term for the genital organs. 

p. r. n. Abbreviation of Latin pro re nata, accord- 
ing as circumstances may require. 

pro- [L.]. A prefix meaning for, before, in front of. 

proagglutinoid {pro-ag-loo' -tin-oid) . An agglutin- 
oid having a stronger affinity for the agglutinogen 
than is possessed by the agglutinin. 

proal {pro'-al) [pro]. Having a forward direction 
or movement. Cf. palinal and propalinal. 

proamnion {pro-am' -ne-on) [pro-; amnion]. That 
part of the area embryonalis at the sides and in front 
of the head of the developing embryo, which remains 
without mesoderm for a considerable period. 

proatlas (pro-at'-las) [pro-; atlas, the first cervical 
vertebra]. A primitive or rudimentary atlas. 

probable duration of life. The time, considering 
all circumstances, that a person of a given age may 
expect to live, as determined by statistics. The age 
at which any number of children born into the world 
will be reduced to one-half, so that there are equal 
chances of their dying before and after that age. 
The age at which a given population is reduced by 
one-half its number. 

probang {pro' -bang) [probare, to test]. A rod of 
whalebone or other flexible material used for making 
local applications to the esophagus or larynx or for 



removing foreign bodies, p., ball-, a probang having 
an ivory bulb attached to one end. p., bristle-, p., 
horsehair-, one having on the end a sheath of bristles 
or horsehair that can be made to spread like an um- 
brella as the instrument is drawn out. p., sponge-, 
one provided with a small sponge at one end. 

probe {prob) [probare, to test]. A slender, flex- 
ible rod for exploring a channel, p., Anel's, see under 
Anel. p., blunt, one with a blunt extremity, p., 
Bowman's, see under Bowman, p., drum-, one pro- 
vided with a drum or reverberator to enable the ear 
to detect contact with foreign bodies, p., electric, one 
having two insulated wires, so that contact with a 
bullet or metal completes the circuit, and thus in- 
dicates the presence of such a foreign body, p., 
eyed, a probe having a slit at one end through which a 
tape or ligature can be passed, p., lacrimal, one used 
for dilating the lacrimal passages, p., meerschaum, 
a probe, the end of which is tipped with meerschaum, 
wihch becomes streaked with the lead by contact 
with a bullet. p., Nelaton's, see under Nelaton. 
p., vertebrated, one made of small links so jointed to- 
gether that it is very flexible. 

probilin {pro-bi'-lin). Trade name of a prepara- 
tion of salicylic acid, sodium oleate, sodium stearate, 
phenolphthalein, and camphorated menthol; said to 
be a cholagogue. 

procatarctic {pro-kat-ark' -tik) [irpoKarapxeLv, to be- 
gin first]. Primary, predisposing. 

procatarxis {pro-kat-arks' -is) . The kindling of a 
disease into action by a procatarctic cause. 

procelia, procoelia {peo-se' -le-ah) [pro-; Koihla, 
hollow]. Same as paracelia. 

procelous, procoelous {pro-se'-lus) [pro-; koCKos, 
hollow]. Being concave in front and convex behind. 

procephalic {pro-sef-al'-ik [pro-; K&j>a\ri, head]. 
In biology, of or pertaining to the fore part of the 
head. 

procerus {pro-se'-rus) [procerus, stretched out, long]. 
The pyramidalis muscle; see muscles, table of. 

process {pros'es) [processus, from procedere, to go]. 

1. A course of action; a group of phenomena, as the 
inflammatory process. 2. A prominence or outgrowth, 
as the spinous process of a vertebra, the axis-cylinder 
process of a nerve. 3- In chemistry, a method of pro- 
cedure, reaction, test, p., acromion, same as acrom- 
ion, p., alveolar. See alveolar process, p., ancon- 
eal, the olecranon, p., auditory, the curved plate of 
bone surrounding the external auditory meatus for 
the greater part of its circumference, and serving for 
the attachment of the cartilage of the external ear. 
p., axis-cylinder, that process of a nerve-cell which 
becomes the axis-cylindar of a nerve, p., basilar. 
See basilar process, p., caudate. 1. The caudate 
lobe of the liver. 2. The lower end of one of the div- 
isions of the antihelix of the external ear. p., ciliary. 
See ciliary process, processes, clinoid, projections 
on the body and lesser wings of the sphenoid bone. 
There are three: 1. The anterior, formed by the inner 
extremity of the lesser wings. 2. The middle, a small 
eminence on each side bounding the sella turcica 
anteriorly. 3. The posterior, a tubercle on each side 
of the posterior part of the sella turcica, p. condy-? 
loid, the posterior process on the upper border of the 
ramus of the lower jaw. p., conoid. See conoid 
tubercle. p., coracoid. See coracoid process. p., 
coronoid. 1. A thin, flattened process projecting 
from the anterior portion of the upper border of the 
ramus of the lower jaw, and serving for the attach- 
ment of the temporal muscle. 2. A triangular pro- 
jection from the upper end of the ulna, forming the 
lower part of the greater sigmoid cavity, p., cricoid, 
a slight projection on the lower border of the thyroid 
cartilage. p., cubital, the lower and atricular end 
of the humerus, p., cuneiform. 1. The unciform 
process of the ethmoid. 2. The basilar process of the 
occipital bone, p., Deiters', the axis-cylinder pro- 
cess of a nerve-cell, p., dendritic. See p., protoplas- 
mic (1). p., dentate, the odontoid process, p., en- 
siform, the cartilaginous tip at the lower end of the 
sternum, p., ethmoid, one of the projections from 
the superior border of the inferior turbinate bone. 
p., external angular, the projection on the outer ex- 
tremity of the supraorbital arch of the frontal bone. 
p., falciform. 1. A process of the fascia lata of the 
thigh, forming the outer and upper margin of the 
saphenous opening. Syn., falciform process of Burns. 

2. The falx cerebri, p., foliaceous, a process of the 
ethmoid bone projecting into the frontal cells, p., 
Folian. See Folian process, p., funicular. See fun- 



PROCESS 



716 



PROCHROMATIN 



icular. p., hamate. See p., unciform, p., hamular. 
i. A hook-like process of bone on the lower extremity 
of the internal pterygoid plate, around which the 
tendon of the tensor palati turns. 2. Of the lacrimal 
bone, the hook-like termination of the lacrimal crest. 
p., inferior vermiform, the central projection on the 
lower surface of the cerebellum, between the two hem- 
ispheres, p., internal angular, the inner extremity of 
the supraorbital arch of the frontal bone, p., jugal. 
1. The zygoma. 2. The external angular process. 3. 
The malar process of the superior maxilla, p., jugular. 
See jugular process, p., lacrimal, a short process of 
the inferior turbinate bone that articulates with the 
lacrimal bone, p., lenticular, the extremity of the 
long process of the incus, covered with cartilage and 
articulating with the stapes, p., long (of the incus), 
a slender process that descends vertically from the 
body of the incus and articulates, by the lenticular 
process, with the head of the stapes, p., long (of the 
malleus), a long, delicate process that passes from the 
neck of the malleus outward to the Glaserian fissure, 
to which it is connected by cartilaginous and liga- 
mentous fibers, p., malar, a triangular eminence of 
the superior maxilla by which it articulates with the 
malar bone, p., mammillary, one of the tubercles 
on the posterior part of the superior articular proces- 
ses of the lumbar vertebra?, p., mastoid. See mas- 
toid process, p., maxillary, a thin plate of bone des- 
cending from the ethmoid process of the inferior 
turbinate bone, and hooking over the lower edge of 
the orifice of the antrum, p., nasal (of the superior 
maxilla), a thick, triangular process of bone that pro- 
jects upward, inward, and backward by the side of 
the nose, forming a part of its lateral wall, p., odon- 
toid, the tooth-like process of the axis which ascends 
and articulates with the atlas, p., olecranon, the 
olecranon, p., olivary, a small oval eminence sit- 
uated behind the optic groove of the sphenoid bone. 
p., orbicular (of the incus). See p., lenticular, p., 
orbital (of the palate bone), a process directed upward 
and outward from the upper portion of the palate 
bone, p., orbital (of the superior maxilla), a process 
projecting from the orbital margin of the superior 
maxilla. p., palatal, a thick process projecting 
horizontally inward from the inner surface of 
the superior maxillary bone, and forming part of 
the floor of the nostril and the roof of the mouth. 
p., pineal, the epiphysis, p., postglenoid, a small 
tubercle separating the glenoid fossa from the aud- 
itory process, p., protoplasmic. 1. Any one of the 
processes of nerve-cells that are not continued as 
axis-cylinders. 2. A pseudopod of an ameboid cell. 
p., pterygoid (of the palate bone), a pyramidal pro- 
cess projecting from the posterior border of the pal- 
ate bone and articulating with the sphenoid bone. 
p., pterygoid (of the sphenoid bone), one descending 
perpendicularly from the point of junction of the body, 
with the greater wing of the sphenoid bone, and con- 
sisting of an external and an internal plate. ' p. of 
Rau. Synonym of p., long (of the malleus), p., 
short (of the incus), a conical process projecting almost 
horizontally backward from the body of the incus 
and attached by ligamentous fibers to the margin of 
the opening leading into the mastoid cells, p., short 
(of the malleus), a slight projection from the root of 
the manubrium of the malleus, lying in contact with 
the tympanic membrane, p., sphenoid, a thin plate 
of bone directed upward and inward from the vertical 
plate of the palate bone, p., sphenomaxillary, an 
inconstant downward prolongation of the greater 
wing of the sphenoid, p., spinous (of the ilium), 
a prominent eminence on the anterior or posterior 
border of the ilium. The upper process on the an- 
terior border is the anterior superior spinous process; 
below it is the anterior inferior spinous process. On 
the posterior border there are also two processes — a 
posterior superior and a posterior inferior, p., spinous 
(of the sphenoid bone), a rough prominence descend- 
ing from the posterior part of the greater wing of the 
sphenoid bone. It receives the attachment of the 
internal lateral ligament of the jaw and the tensor 
palati muscle, p., spinous (of the tibia), an eminence 
of bone on the upper surface of the tibia, between the 
two articular surfaces, and nearer to the posterior 
than the anterior border, p., spinous (of a vertebra), 
the prominent backward projection from the middle 
of the posterior portion of the arch of a vertebra. 
p., styloid (of the fibula), a pointed eminence pro- 
jecting upward from the posterior portion of the head 
of the fibula, p., styloid (of the radius), a projection 



from the external border of the lower extremity of 
the radius, p., styloid (of the temporal bone), a 
sharp spine about an inch in length, descending down- 
ward, forward, and inward from the inferior surface 
of the petrous portion of the temporal bone, p., 
styloid (of the ulna), a projection from the inner and 
posterior portion of the lower extremity of the ulna. 
p., sulcate, an inconstant process of the palate bone 
connecting the orbital process with the sphenoid 
process, p., superior maxillary, an eminence on the 
face of the embryo which gives rise to the superior 
maxilla and the malar bone, p., superior vermiform, 
the upper part of the median lobe of the cerebellum, 
connecting the two lateral hemispheres, p., temporal, 
the posterior angle of the malar bone by which it at- 
ticulates with the zygomatic process of the temporal 
bone, p., transverse, a process projecting outward 
from the side of a vertebra, at the junction of the 
pedicle and the lamina, p., trochlear, Hyrtl's name 
for a groove in a bone for the reception of a tendon. 
p., unbranched. Synonym of p., axis-cylinder, p., 
unciform (of the ethmoid bone), a hook-like pro- 
jection from the inferior portion of each lateral mass 
of the ethmoid bone. It articulates with the ethmoid 
process of the inferior turbinated bone. p. unciform 
(of the hippocampal gyrus), a hook-like projection 
from the anterior end of the hippocampal convolu- 
tion, p., unciform (of the unciform bone), a hook- 
like projection from the palmar surface of the unci- 
form bone, p., vaginal (of peritoneum), the process 
of peritoneum which the testicle in ^ts descent carries 
in advance, and which in the scrotum forms the 
tunica vaginalis testis, p., vaginal (of the sphenoid 
bone), a projection from the inferior surface of the 
body of the sphenoid bone, running horizontally 
inward from near the base of the pterygoid process. 
p., vaginal (of the temporal bone), a sheath-like plate 
of bone which extends from the carotid canal to the 
mastoid process. It separates behind into two lam- 
ina? that inclose the styloid process, p., vermiform, 
inferior and superior, the inferior and superior sur- 
faces of the middle lobe of the cerebellum, p., vocal, 
the anterior angle of the arytenoid cartilage, p., 
xiphoid, the ensiform cartilage, p., zygomatic (of the 
malar bone), a long, serrated process which articu- 
lates with the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, 
p., zygomatic (of the temporal bone), a long pro- 
jection from the lower part of the squamous portion 
of the temporal bone, articulating with the malar 
bone. 

processus (pro-ses'-us) [L.]. A process, p. ac- 
cessorius, accessory processes, p. ad cerebrum, the 
superior cerebellar peduncle, p. ad medullam, the 
inferior peduncle of the cerebellum, p. ad pontem, 
the middle peduncle of the cerebellum, p. ad testes, 
the superior cerebellar peduncles. p. articulares 
inferiores, inferior articular processes, p. articulares 
superiores, superior articular processes, p. brevis, 
the short arm of the malleus, p. clavatus, a thick- 
ening on the posterior pyramid of the me dulla near the 
apex of the fourth ventricle, p. cochleariformis, a 
thin plate of bone separating the canal for the Eu- 
stachian tube from that for the tensor tympani mus- 
cle, p. e cerebello ad cerebrum, the superior cere- 
bellar peduncle, p. e cerebello ad medullam, the 
inferior cerebellar peduncle, p. e cerebello ad pon- 
tem, the middle cerebellar peduncle, p. e cerebello 
ad testes, the superior peduncles of the cerebellum. 
p. costarius, costal process, p. gracilis, a long del- 
icate process passing from below the neck of the mal- 
leus to the Glaserian fissure, p. hamatus. Synonym 
of process, unciform, p. mammillaris, mamillary 
process, p. spinosus, spinous process, p. trans- 
versus, transverse process. 

prochilon, procheilon (pro-ki'-lon) [pro-; x«^°s. 
lip]. The prominence in the center of the lip. 

prochondral (pro-kon'-dral) [pro-; xovSpos, cartilage]. 
Prior to the formation of cartilage. 

prochordal (pro-kor'-dal) [pro-; xopSy, cord]. Sit- 
uated in front of the chorda dorsalis. 

prochoresis (pro-ko-re'-sis) [irpox^pwis, a going on 
or advancing]. The motor activity of the stomach. 

Prochownik's diet (pro-kov'-nik) [Ludwig Prochow- 
nik, German obstetrician, 1851- ]. A restricted 
diet for pregnant women with a narrow pelvis. P.'s 
method, resuscitation of an asphyxiated infant by 
compression of its chest and suspension with its head 
hanging backward. 

prochromatin (pro-kro'mat-in). Paranuclein; the 
substance composing the nucleolus of a cell. 



PROCIDENT 



717 



PROGENY 



procident (pros' -id-ent) [procidens, falling forward]. 
Affected by prolapsus. 

procidentia (pro-se-den'-she-ah) [pro-; cadere, to 
fall]. Prolapse. 

procreate (pro'-kre-at) . To beget. 

procreation (pro-kre-a'-shun) [procreare, to bring 
forth]. The act of begetting offspring. 

proctagra (prok-ta'-grah) [procto-; ay pa, a seizure]. 
Sudden pain in the anal region. 

proctalgia (prok-tal'-je-ah) [procto-; a\yos, pain]. 
Neuralgic pain in the anus or rectum. 

proctatresia (prok-tat-re'-ze-ah) [procto-; atresia]. 
An imperforate condition of the anus or rectum. 

proctectasia, proctectasis (prok-tek-ta'-se-ah, prok- 
tek'-tas-is) [procto-; ecrcuns, dilatation]. Dilatation 
of the anus or rectum. 

proctectomy (prok-tek' -to-me) [procto-; luropi), ex- 
cision]. Excision of the anus or rectum. 

proctenclisis (prok-ten'-kli-sis [procto-; lv, in; 
Kkeleiv, to close]. Stricture of the rectum or anus. 

procteurynter (prok-tu-rin'-ter) [procto-; evpvveiv, 
to widen]. An instrument for dilating the anus or 
rectum. 

proctitis (prok-ti'-tis) [procto-; ins, inflammation]. 
Inflammation of the anus or rectum. 

procto- (prok-to-) [irpoiKrds, anus]. A prefix sig- 
nifying relating to the anus or rectum. 

proctocele (prok'-to-sel) [procto-; ktjXt), hernia]. 
The extroversion or prolapse of the mucous coat of 
the rectum, p., vaginal, a hernia of the rectum ap- 
pearing in the vagina. 

proctoclysis (prok-tok' -Ms-is) [procto-; kXwtis, a 
washing out]. The slow instillation of a liquid into 
the rectum. 

proctococcypexy, proctoccypexia (prok-to-kok'-se- 
peks-e, prok-to-kok-se-peks'-e-ah) [procto-; coccyx; 
ir-htis, a fixing in]. Suturing of the rectum to the 
coccyx. 

proctocolitis (prok-to-ko-li'-tis). Inflammation of 
the rectum and colon. 

proctocolonoscopy (prok-to-ko-lon-os'-ko-pe) [procto-, 
colon; aiioirtiv, to examine]. Inspection of the inter- 
ior of the rectum and lower colon. 

proctocystoplasty (prok-to-sis'-to-plas-te) [procto-; 
Kiio-ns, bladder; irXaacreiv, to form]. A plastic oper- 
ation on the rectum and the bladder for repair of 
rectovesical fistula. 

proctocystotome (prok-to-sist'-o-tom) [procto-; 

wans, bladder; roprj, a cutting]. An instrument 
designed expressly for use in proctocystotomy. 

proctocystotomy (prok-to-sis-tot'-o-me). Lithot- 
omy in which the incision is made through the walls 
of the rectum. 

proctodeum, proctodeum (prok-to-de'-um) [proc- 
to-; oSalos, by the way]. An invagination of the 
ectoderm in the embryo that grows inward toward the 
cloaca until the ectoderm and endoderm come into 
contact; the membrane formed between the two fi- 
nally breaks through, the gut then opening exter- 
nally. The primitive anus. 

proctodynia (prok-to-din'-e-ah) [procto-; 6Svvn, pain]. 
Pain about the anus or in the rectum. 

proctoelytroplasty (prok-to-eV -it-ro-plas-te) [proc- 
to-; tkvrpdv, vagina; -KKaaativ, to form]. A plastic 
operation on the rectum and the vagina for repair of 
a rectovaginal fistula. 

proctology (prok-tol'-o-je) [procto-; \6yos, science]. 
The science of the anatomy, functions, and diseases 
of the rectum. 

proctoparalysis (prok-to-par-aV -is-is) . Paralysis of 
the sphincter muscle of the anus. 

proctopexy, proctopexia (prok'-to-peks-e, -e-ah) 
[procto-; irrjfc, a fixing in]. The fixation of the rec- 
tum to another part by sutures. 

proctoplasty (prok'-to-plas-te) [procto-; ir\a<T<reiv, to 
form]. Plastic surgery of the anus. 

proctoplegia (prok-to-ple'-je-ah). Synonym of proc- 
toparalysis. 

proctopolypus (prok-to-pol '-ip-us) [procto-; polyp]. 
A polyp of the rectum. 

proctoptoma (prok-top-to'-mah) [procto-; irrvpa, fall]. 
Prolapse of the rectum. 

proctoptosis (prok-top-to'-sis) [procto-; 7T7wis, a 
falling]. Prolapse of the rectum. Same as proctop- 
toma. 

proctorrhaphy (prok-tor'-a-fe) [procto-; f>a<pr}, su- 
ture]. Suture of the rectum or anus. 

proctorrhea, proctorrhcea (prok-tor-e'-ah) [procto-; 
faia, flow]. A discharge of mucus through the anus. 

proctoscope (prok'-to-skop) [procto-; aKoirelv, to 



examine]. An instrument for inspection of the rec- 
tum. 

proctoscopy (prok-tos'-ko-pe). Ocular inspection of 
the rectum with the aid of special instruments. 

proctosigmoidectomy (prok-to-sig-moid-ek' -to-me) . 
Excision of the anus and sigmoid flexure. 

proctospasm (prok'-to-spazm) [procto-; spasm]. 
Spasm or tenesmus of the rectum. 

proctostenosis (prok-to-sten-o'-sis) [procto-; steno- 
sis]. Stricture of the anus or rectum. 

proctostomy (prok-tos' -to-me) [procto-; ardpa, a 
mouth]. The establishment of an opening into the 
rectum. 

proctotome (prok'-to-tom) [procto-; roprj, a cutting]. 
A cutting instrument used in proctotomy. 

proctotomy (prok-tot'-o-me) [procto-; ropn, a cut- 
ting]. Incision into the rectum, especially for stric- 
ture, p., external, the operation of dividing the 
rectum and the anus and the tissue lying between the 
anus and the tip of the coccyx, p., internal, division 
of the parts as in external proctotomy, but without 
cutting the sphincters, p., linear, an incision of the 
dorsal rectal wall and of all the tissues lying between 
the anus and a subcutaneous opening made in front 
of the coccyx. 

proctotoreusis (prok-to-tor-u'-sis) [procto-; ropevav, 
to bore through]. The operation of making an open- 
ing into an imperforate anus. 

proctovalvotomy (prok-to-val-vot'-o-me) [procto-; 
valve; Top-q, a cutting]. Incision of the valves of the 
rectum. 

procursive (pro-kur'-siv) [pro-; currere, to run]. 
Running forward, as procursive epilepsy, a form in 
which the patient runs during the epileptic attack. 

procurvation (pro-kur-va' -shun) [procurvare, to bend 
forward]. A forward inclination of the body. 

prodigiosan (pro-dij-e-o' -sin) . A red pigment form- 
ed by Bacillus prodigiosus. 

prodigiosus toxin (pro-dij-e-o' -sus). See Coley's 
fluid. 

prodromal (pro-dro'-mal) [prodrome]. Precursory; 
of the nature of a prodrome. 

prodrome (pro'-drom) [irpoSpopos, a running forward] 
A forerunner of a disease; a symptom indicating the 
approach of a disease. 

prodromic (pro-dro'-mik). See prodromal. 

product (prod'-ukt) [productive]. Effect; result. 
p., addition, a compound resulting from the direct 
union of two bodies. 

productive (pro-duk'-tiv) [pro-; ducere, to lead]. 
Forming, especially forming new tissue, as a produc- 
tive inflammation. 

proeminent (pro-em' -in-ent) [pro-; eminens, prom- 
inent]. Projecting, p. vertebra, the seventh cer- 
vical vertebra, so called because its spinous process 
projects beyond the others. 

proencephalus (pro-en-sef -al-us) [pro-; eyicifaXos, 
brain]. A monster characterized by a protrusion of 
the brain through a fissure in the frontal region. 

proenzyme (pro-en' -zim]. The substance which 
subsequently becomes an active ferment. 

proerythroblast (pro-er'-ith-ro-blast). Same as 
hematoblast. 

proferment (pro-fer'-ment). Zymogen. 

professional (pro-fesh'-un-al) [profiteri, to profess], 
i. Pertaining to a profession, especially to the medical 
profession; in keeping with medical ethics. 2. Pro- 
duced by the practice of a profession, as professional 
neurosis (writers' cramp, telegraphers' cramp, etc.). 

Profeta's law (pro-fd-tah) [Giuseppe Profeta, Ital- 
ian physician]. Healthy born children of syphilitic 
parents possess a certain immunity to syphilitic in- 
fection. 

profiuvium (pro-floo'-ve-um) [profluere, to flow 
forth]. A flux or discharge, p. alvi, diarrhea, p. 
lactis, excessive flow of milk. p. muliebre. Syn- 
onym of leukorrhea. p. sanguinis, hemorrhage, p. 
seminis. 1. Synonym of spermatorrhea. 2. Dis- 
charge of semen from the vagina after coitus. 

profundus (pro-fun' -dus) [L., "deep"]. Deep-seat- 
ed; applied to certain muscles and nerves, and in the 
feminine, profunda, to certain arteries and veins. 
See under artery. 

progaster (pro-gas' -ter). Same as archenteron. 

progastrin (pro-gas' -tr in). The precursor of the 
gastric secretin. 

progenitor (pro-jen'-it-or) [progeny]. Ancestor or 
forefather. 

progeny (prof -en-e) [pro-; gignere, to beget]. Off- 
spring; descendants. 



PROGERIA 



718 



PROPENYL 



progeria {pro-je'-re-ah) [v-poyepos, premature old 
age]. A rare form of senilism, of rapid onset, with 
retention of intelligence and without any perceptible 
cause, marked by loss of the hair, shriveling of the 
nails, and emaciation. Cf. geromorphism. 

proglossis (pro-glos'-is) [pro-; yX&oaa., the tongue]. 
The tip of the tongue. 

proglottis (pro-glot'-is) [pro-; yXuaaa, tongue; pi., 
proglottides]. A mature segment of a tape-worm. 

prognathic (prog-na'-thik). Synonym of progna- 
thous. 

prognathism (prog'-na-thizm) [pro-; yvoBos, jaw]. 
The quality of having a projecting lower jaw, or of 
being prognathous, p., alveolo-subnasal, in crani- 
ometry, the prognathism measured by the angle 
included between the line joining the alveolar and 
subnasal points and the alveolo-condylean plane. 

prognathous (prog'-na-thus) [pro-; yvaBos, jaw]. 
Having a projecting lower jaw. 

prognosis (prog-no' -sis) [pro-; yvuavs, knowledge]. 
An opinion or judgment in advance concerning the 
duration, course, and termination of a disease, p. 
anceps, a doubtful prognosis, p. fausta, a favorable 
prognosis, p. infausta, an unfavorable prognosis. 
p. quoad vitam, a prognosis as regards life. p. quoad 
restitutio ad integrum, a prognosis as regards recovery. 

prognostic (prog-nos'-tik) [prognosis]. Pertaining 
to prognosis. 

prognosticate (prog-nos'-tik-at) [prognosis]. To 
give a prognosis. 

progression (pro-gresh'-un) [progredi, to advance]. 
The act of advancing or moving forward, p., back- 
ward, a backward walking, a rare symptom of certain 
nervous lesions, p., cross-legged, walking with the 
legs almost crossing, a condition sometimes observed 
in bilateral hip-disease and in cerebral spastic palsy. 

progressive (pro-gres'-iv) [see progression]. Grad- 
ually extending, p. muscular atrophy, chronic anter- 
ior poliomyelitis in which the large ganglion-cells of 
the anterior horns are gradually destroyed, which 
leads to atrophy of the muscles, p. ossifying myo- 
sitis, a chronic inflammation of the muscles, asso- 
ciated with a tendency to bony deposits in them', p. 
processes, those which continue after the require- 
ments of the organism have been satisfied. 

proiotia, proiotes (pro-i-o'-she-ah, pro-i-o'-tez) [irpa- 
iottjs, earliness]. Sexual precocity. 

projectile (pro-jek'-til) [pro-; jacere, to throw]. 
Throwing forward, p. vomiting, a form sometimes 
observed in diseases of the brain, in which the mater- 
ial is suddenly projected out of the mouth to some dis- 
tance, generally without nausea. 

projection (pro-jek'-shun) [see projectile[. i. The 
act of throwing forward. 2. A part extending be- 
yond the level of the surrounding surface. 3- The 
referring of impressions made on the organs of sense 
to the position of the object producing them, p.- 
systems, the name given to the pathways connecting 
the cerebral cortex with the periphery. The first 
projection system corresponds to the fibers passing 
through the corona radiata; the second, to the tracts 
proceeding downward to the gray matter from the 
third ventricle to the end of the spinal cord; the third, 
to the peripheral nerves. 

prolabium (pro-la' -be-um) [pro-; labium, lip]. The 
red exposed part of the lip; also, the central promi- 
nence of the lip. 

prolacto bread (pro-lak'-to). A bread for the use 
of diabetics said to contain over 33 % of albuminoids, 
17 % of fats and no starches. 

prolapse (pro-laps') [prolabi, to slip down]. The 
falling forward or downward of a part. p. of the 
cord, premature expulsion of the umbilical cord dur- 
ing parturition, p., frank, uterine displacement in 
which the vagina is inverted and forms a bag hanging 
from the vulva, at the bottom of which lies the uterus, 
generally retroverted, but otherwise unaltered, p. of 
funis. See p. of the cord. p. of the iris, protrusion of 
the iris through a corneal wound. 

prolepsis (pro-lep'-sis) [pro-; \anfiaveiv, to seize]. 

1. The return of a paroxysm before the expected time. 

2. Prognosis. 

proleptic (pro-lep'-tik) [pro-; \ap.fla.vet.v, to seize]. 
1 . Prognostic . 2 . Returning before the expected time. 

proliferate (pro-lif -er-at) [proles, offspring; ferre, 
to bear]. To multiply; to generate. 

proliferation (pro-lif -er-a' -shun) [proliferate]. The 
act of proliferating or multiplying, as proliferation of 
cells, p., atrophic, the multiplication of cells in at- 
rophic tissues. 



proliferative, proliferous (pro-lif -er-a-tiv, pro-lif - 
er-us) [proliferate]. Multiplying; characterized by 
the formation of new tissues or by cell-proliferation. 
p. cyst, a cyst in which the lining epithelium prolifer- 
ates and produces projections from the inner surface 
of the cyst. 

prolific (pro-lif -ik) [proliferate). Fruitful. 

proligerous (pro-lif -er-us) [proles, offspring; ger- 
ere, to bear]. Germinating; producing offspring, p. 
disc. See discus proligerus. 

prominence (prom'-in-ens). 1. A projection on the 
surface of a part, especially on a bone. 2. The state 
of being prominent, p., genital, an accumulation of 
cells on the ventral aspect of the embryonic cloaca, 
from which the generative organs are developed. 
1 prominentia (prom-in-en'-she-ah) [L. : pi., promin- 
entias]. A prominence, or projection, p. albicans. 
Synonym of corpus albicans, p. encephali. Syno- 
nym of corpora quadrigemina. p. laryngea. Syno- 
nym of pomum Adami. p. lentiformis. Synonym of 
nucleus, lenticular, p. natif ormis. Synonym of nates 
of the corpora quadrigemina. prominentias orbiculares 
minores. Synonym of the testes of the corpora quad- 
rigemina. p. semiovalis. Synonym of olivary body. p. 
sphaerica, a cerebral convolution, p. spiralis, a slight 
prominence on the outer wall of the cochlear duct, 
containing a small capillary vessel, prominentias 
testiformes, the testes of the corpora quadrigemina. 

promnesia (pro-ne'-se-ah) [pro-; uvqaa, remem- 
brance]. The paradoxical sensation of remembering 
scenes or events which are occurring for the first ' 
time. 

promontory (prom'-on-to-re) [pro-; mons, a moun- 
tain]. A projecting prominence, p. of the sacrum, 
p., sacrovertebral, the prominence formed by the 
angle between the upper extremity of the sacrum and 
the last lumbar vertebra. 

pronaeus (pro-ne'-us) [vpbvaios, the first room of a 
temple]. The vagina; also, the vestibule of the 
vagina. 

pronate (pro'-nat) [see pronation]. To place in a 
prone position. 

pronation (pro-na'-shun) [pronare, to bend forward]. 
1. The condition of being prone; the act of placing in 
the prone position. 2. Of the hand, the turning of 
the palm downward. 

pronatoflexor (pro-na-to-fleks'-or). Relating to the 
pronator and flexor muscles. 

pronator (pro-na'-tor) [see pronation]. That which 
pronates, a term applied to several muscles. See 
under muscle. 

prone (pron) [pronus, prone]. Lying with the face 
downward; of the arm, having the palm directed 
downward; the opposite of supine. 

pronephric (pro-nef-rik) [pro-; ve<pp6s, a kidney]. 
In biology, of or pertaining to the peonephron, or the 
primitive kidney, p. duct, one of the four fundamen- 
tal parts of the vertebrate urogenital system; the 
Wolffian duct. 

pronephron, pronephros (pro-nef-ron, pro-nef -ros) 
[pro-; ve<pp6s, a kidney]. The primitive kidney; the 
anterior of the three segments of the Wolffian body, 
opening by means of the Muellerian duct into the 
cloaca. It is the first part of the urogenital system 
to be differentiated in the vertebrate embryo. 

pronucleus (pro-nu'-kle-us) [pro- ; nucleus]. One of 
the two nuclear bodies of a newly fecundated ovum, 
the male pronucleus and the female pronucleus, the 
fusion of which results in the formation of the ger- 
minal nucleus. 

proof-spirit. See spirit. 

prootic (pro-o'-tik) [pro-; o5s, ear]. In front of the 
ear. 

proovarium. See parovarium. 

propago (pro-pa'-go) [L., "a slip or shoot"; pi., 
propagines]. An offset; applied to the smaller 
branches of vessels or nerves. 

propalinal (pro-pal' -in-al) [pro-; ir&kiv, back, back- 
ward]. In biology, applied to the forward and back- 
ward movement of the jaws of certain animals. 

propane (pro' -pan) [propionic], C3H8. A hydro- 
carbon, the third member of the marsh-gas series, 
occurring in petroleum. 

prop-cells. Columnar or fusiform cells placed in 
the intervals of the rods and hair-cells of the organ 
of Corti. They are also known as supporting cells 
and cells of Deiters. 

propedeutics, propaedeutics (pro-pe-du'-tiks) [pro-; 
iraibevtiv, to teach]. Preliminary instruction. 

propenyl (pro'-pen-il). See glyceryl. 



PROPEPSIN 



719 



PROSTATISM 



propepsin {pro-pep' -sin). The zymogen of pepsin, 
found in the cells of the gastric glands. 

propeptone {pro-pep' -ton). See under peptone. 

propeptonuria {pro-pep-ton-u' -re-ah) {propeptone ; 
ovpov, urine]. The appearance of propeptone in the 
urine. It is said to occur in fevers, diphtheria, os- 
teomalacia, and during the administration of styrax 
or phosphorus. 

preperitoneal {pro-per-it-on-e'-al) [pro-; periton- 
eum]. Situated in front of the peritoneum, p. her- 
nia, a hernia the sac of which extends in various di- 
rections within the abdominal walls. 

prophase {pro'-faz) [pro-; <palvet.v, to show]. The 
first stage of karyokinesis or indirect cell-division. 

prophylactic {pro-fil-ak' -tik) [see prophylaxis], i. 
Pertaining to prophylaxis. 2. A remedy or agent 
that prevents the development of disease. 

prophylactol {pro-fil-ak' -tol) . A proprietary liquid 
said to consist of 20% of protargol and glycerol with 
the addition of mercury bichloride in the proportion 
of one part to 2000. It is used by injection in dis- 
eases of the urinary tract. 

prophylaxis {pro-fil-aks'-is) [irpo<pv\axro-eiv, to keep 
guard before]. Prevention of disease; measures 
preventing the development or spread of disease. 

propionate {pro' -pe-on-at) . A salt of propionic acid. 

propione {pro'-pe-on) [irp&Tos, first; vlu>v, fat], 
C5H10O. Diethyl ketone, a liquid obtained by the 
distillation of calcium propionate. Dose, as hyp- 
notic, 8-45 gr. (0.5-3.0 Gm.); as sedative, 8 gr. (0.5 
Gm.). 

propionic acid {pro-pe-on'-ik). See acid, propionic. 

proplex {pro'-pleks). See proplexus. 

proplexus {pro-pleks'-us) [pro-; plexus]. The chor- 
oid plexus of the lateral ventricles of the brain. 

propons {pro'-ponz). The transverse white fibers 
in front of the pyramids and below the pons Varolii, 
the ponticulus. 

proprietary medicine. A medicine that is trade- 
marked, patented, or secret. 

proprioceptive impulses {pro'-pre-o-sep-tiv) [pro- 
prius, one's own; capere, to take]. Afferent nerve 
impulses which derive their stimulation from the 
tissues themselves. 

proprioceptor {pro-pre-o-sep'-tor) . A receptor 

which is stimulated by actions occurring within the 
organism. See receptor. 

proprius {pro'-pre-us) [L.]. Individual; special, 
as flexor proprius pollicis, the special flexor of the 
thumb. 

proptosis {prop-to' -sis) [pro-; irrwais, a falling]. 
A falling downward; prolapse. 

propulsion {pro-puV -shun) [pro-, pellere, to push]. 
1. The act of pushing or driving forward. 2. A falling 
forward in walking, a condition seen in paralysis 
agitans. Seefestination. 

propyl {pro'-pil) [propionic], C3H7. The radical of 
propane. 

propylamine {pro-piV -am-in) [propyl; amine]. 1, 
A liquid basic compound having the formula C3H9N, 
and existing in two forms, a normal propylamine, boil- 
ing at 47 C., and isopropylamine, boiling at 31. 5° C. 
See under ptomaine. 2. A misnomer for an aqueous 
solution of trimethylamine, a colorless, caustic, an- 
tiseptic liquid. 

propylene {pro' -pil-en) [propyl], C3H6. A gaseous 
hydrocarbon belonging to the series of the olefins. 

pro re nata {pro re na'-tah) [L.]. A phrase signify- 
ing "according to the circumstances of the case." 

prorennin {pro-ren'-in) [pro-; rennin]. The moth- 
er-substance, zymogen or preliminary material of 
rennin or chymosin. 

prorsad {pror'-sad) [prorsum, forward]. Toward 
the anterior aspect. 

prorsal {pror'-sal) [prorsum, forward]. Anterior; 
forward. 

proscolex {pro-sko'-leks) [pro-; o-koA^, a worm; pi., 
proscolices]. The embryo of a cestode worm im- 
mediately after leaving the egg. 

prosecretin {pro-se-kre'-tin) [pro-; secretin]. The 
precursor of secretin {q. v.); it is secreted by the 
epithelium of the small intestine. 

prosector {pro-sek' -tor) [pro-; sector, cutter]. One 
who prepares subjects for anatomical dissection or to 
illustrate didactic lectures. 

prosencephalon {pros-en-sef -al-on) [pro-; £yKe<pa\os, 
brain]. The forebrain; that part of the anterior cere- 
bral vesicle from which are developed the hemi- 
spheres, the corpus callosum, the anterior commis- 
sure, the fornix, the septum lucidum, the anterior 



perforated space, the olfactory lobes, and the corpus 
striatum. 

prosocele, prosoccele {pros'-o-sel) [irpoo-u, forward; 
ko'lXos, a hollow]. The cavity of the prosencephalon. 
It is divided into three main divisions, a mesal cavity, 
the aula, and two lateral cavities, the paraceles, 
together with the rhinoceles (olfactory ventricles) 
or cavities of the olfactory bulbs. 

prosodemic {pros-o-demf -ik) [wpovu, forward; 
bfip-os, people]. Of a disease which is spread by indi- 
vidual contact as opposed to one which is spread by 
general means such as the water, or milk supply. 

prosogaster {pros-o-gas'-ter) [irpoaa), forward; 
yao-Ttip, belly]. The foregut. 

prosopalgia {pros-op-aV -je-ah) [irpdaunrov, the face; 
a\yos, pain]. Neuralgic pain in the distribution of 
the trigeminal nerve.. Syn., facial neuralgia; tic 
douloureux. 

prosopalgic {pros-o-paV -jik) [irpbawirov, face; ahyos, 
pain]. Affected with prosopalgia. 

prosopantritis {pros-op-an-tri' -lis) [irpoo-uirov, face; 
avrpov, cavity; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation 
of the frontal sinuses. 

prosopantrum {pros-op-an'-trum) [irpoo-uirov, face; 
avrpov, cavity]. A frontal sinus. 

prosopectasia {pros-o-pek-ta' -ze-ah) [irpwrwirov, face; 
iKTaau, enlargement]. Morbid enlargement of the 
face. 

prosopic {pros-op'-ik) [irpoauirov, the face]. Re- 
lating to the face; facial. 

prosopodiplegia {pros-o-po-di-ple' -je-ah) [irpotrwrrov, 
the face; diplegia]. Double facial paralysis. 

prosopodynia {pros-o-po-din'-e-ah) [wpoawirov, face; 
bbvvrj, pain]. Facial pain, or neuralgia. 

prosoponeuralgia {pros-o-po-nu-raV -je-ah). Syno- 
nym of prosopalgia. 

prosoposchisis {pros-o-pos'-kis-is) [irpbcruwov, face; 
<rxio-«, fissure]. An oblique fissure or cleft of the 
face of a fetal monstrosity. It passes from the mouth 
to one of the orbits, and is usually associated with 
malformation of the brain. 

prosopospasm {pros' -o-po-spazm) [irpbo-uirov, face; 
spasm]. Risus sardonicus. 

prosoposternodymia {pros-o-po-ster -no-dim' -e-ah) 
[irp6o~<i)irov, face; arkpvov, breast; hibvpas, double]. A 
form of double monstrosity in which the twins are 
united by their faces and chests. 

prosopothoracopagus {pros-o-po-tho-rak-op '-ag-us) 
[irpdaoiirov, the face; thorax; vayos, that which is 
joined]. A double fetal monster in which the twins 
are united by the upper abdomen, chest, and 
face. 

prosopotocia {pros-o-po-to'-se-ah) [wpbawirov, face; 
tokos, birth]. Face-presentation in parturition. 

prosphysectomy {pros-fiz-ek' -to-me) [irpbo-cpvais, a 
growing to; an appendage; iKToy.it, excision]. Appen- 
dicectomy. 

prostaden {pros' -tad-en) [prostate; aSrjv, a gland]. 
An extract of prostate gland used in prostatic hyper- 
trophy. Dose 30 gr. (2 Gm.) daily. 

prostata {pros' -tat-ah). The prostate gland. 

prostatalgia {pros-ta-taV -je-ah) [prostate; &\yos, 
pain]. Pain in the prostate gland. 

prostatauxe {pros-tal-awks'-e) [prostate; av^rj, in- 
crease]. Enlargement of the prostate gland. 

prostate, p. gland {pros'-tat) [pro-; lo-Tavai, to stand]. 
The organ surrounding the neck of the bladder 
and beginning of the urethra in the male {prostatic 
urethra). It consists of two lateral lobes and a 
middle lobe, and is composed of muscular and 
glandular tissue; a distinct capsule surrounds it. 
The prostate often becomes enlarged in advanced 
life, and may then interfer with the emptying of 
the bladder. 

prostatectomy {pros-ta-tek'-to-me) [prostate; eKTop.ii, 
excision]. Excision of part or all of the prostate. 

prostatelcosis, prostathelcosis {pros-tat-el-ko'-sis, 
pros-tat-hel-ko'-sis) [prostate; <EkKoo-is, ulceration]. 
Ulceration of the prostate. 

prostatic {pros-tat' -ik) [prostate]. Relating to the 
prostate, p. calculus, a stone lodged in the prostate 
gland, p. plexus. 1. A collection of veins sur- 
rounding the neck and base of the bladder and the 
prostate gland. 2. A plexus of nerves derived from 
the pelvic plexus, and distributed to the prostate 
gland, seminal vesicles, and erectile tissue of the 
penis, p. urethra, that portion of the urethra sur- 
rounded by the prostate gland. 

prostatism {pros' -tat-izm). A morbid nervous con- 
dition due to prostatic disease. 



PROSTATITIC 



720 



PROTOGASTER 



prostatitic (pros-tat-it'-ik). Affected with pros- 
tatitis. 

prostatitis (pros-ta-ti'-tis) [prostate; ins, inflamma- 
tion]. Inflammation of the prostate gland. 

prostatocele (pros- tat' -o-sel) [prostate; ktjXti, tumor]. 
An enlargement of the prostate gland, causing a 
tumor-like projection. 

prostatocystitis (pros-tat-o-sis-ti'-tis) [prostate; kv<t- 
t«, bladder; w«, inflammation]. Inflammation of 
the prostate and urinary bladder. 

prostatocystotomy (pros-tat-o-sist-ot'-o-me) [pros- 
tate; cystotomy]. Surgical incision of the prostate 
and bladder. 

prostatodynia (pros-tat-o-din'-e-ah) [prostate; 65vvri, 
pain]. Prostatalgia. 

prostatolith (pros-tat' -o-lith) [prostate; \L0os, a 
stone]. A prostatic calculus. 

prostatomegaly (pros-tat-o-meg'-al-e) [prostate; ney- 
dXij, great]. Prostatic hypertrophy. 

prostatometer (pros-tat-om'-et-er) [prostate; ukrpov, 
measure]. An instrument for estimating the size 
of an enlarged prostate. 

prostatomy (pros-tat' -o-me). Prostatotomy. 

prostatomyomectomy (pros-tat-o-mi-o-mek '-to-me) 
[prostate; myomectomy]. Removal of a prostatic 
myoma. 

prostatoncus (pros-tat-ong'-kus) [prostate; ojkos, 
tumor]. A tumor of the prostate. 

prostatorrhea (pros-tat-or-e'-ah) [prostate; pola, 
flow]. A thin urethral discharge coming from the 
prostate gland. 

prostatotomy (pros-ta-tot'-o-me) [prostate; rop.r\, 
a cutting]. Incision into the prostate gland. 

prostatovesiculitis (pros-tat-o-ves-ik-u-li'-tis). In- 
flammation of the seminal vesicles combined with 
prostatitis. 

prostheon. See prosthion. 

prosthesis (pros' -thes-is) [irpos, to; dkais, a placing]. 
Replacement of a missing part by an artificial sub- 
stitute, p., Gersuny's paraffin, the replacement of 
the cartilaginous portion of the nasal septum by 
paraffin. 

prosthetic (pros-thet'-ik) [prosthesis]. Pertaining 
to prosthesis. 

prosthetics (pros-thet'-iks) [prosthesis]. The branch 
of surgery that deals with prosthesis. 

prosthion (pros' -the-on) [irpoadios, foremost]. Alve- 
olar point. See craniometric points. 

prostholytic (pros-tho-lit'-ik) [irp6<r0et>, before; 
\veiv, to loosen]. Progressive change. 

prostitution (pros-tit-u'-shun) [prostituere, to expose 
publicly]. The condition or act of a person who 
indiscriminately lets the body for sexual intercourse, 
for pay. 

prostrate (pros' -trat) [pro- ; sterner e, to spread out]. 
Lying at full length. 

prostrated (pros' -tra-ted) [pro-; sterner e, to spread]. 
Exhausted; stricken down. 

prostration (pros-tra'-shun) [prostrate]. i. The 
condition of being prostrate. 2. Extreme exhaustion 
of nervous or muscular force, p., nervous, general 
exhaustion from excessive expenditure of nervous 
energy. 

protagon (pro' -tag-on) [irpcoros, first; S.yetv, to lead], 
C160H308N5PO35. A crystalline glucoside found in 
nervous tissue, and yielding when boiled with 
baryta the decomposition-products of lecithin. 

protal (pro'-tal) [irpwroj, first]. First; primary; 
initial; hereditary. 

protalbumose (pro-tal'-bil-mos). Same as proto- 
albumose. See under albumose. 

protamine (pro'-ta-min) [irpuros, first; amine], 
C16H32N9O2. An organic base found with nuclein in 
the spawn of salmon. 

protan (pro' -tan). A preparation of tannin and 
casein, insoluble in water or dilute acid solutions; 
employed as an intestinal astringent. 

protanopia (pro-tan-o'-pe-ah) [wpwros, first; anopia]. 
A defect in a first constituent, essential for color- 
vision, as in red-blindness. 

protargol (pro-tar' -got). A silver albumose occur- 
ring as a yellow powder, containing 8 % of silver; 
freely soluble in water. It is recommended in 
gonorrhea in 0.25 to 1 % solutions. 

protean (pro'-te-an) [proteus]. 1. Taking on many 
shapes, as a protean disease, protean eruption. 2. Any 
first hydrolytic derivative of a protein. 

protease (pro'-te-as). An enzyme which digests 
proteins. 

protectin (pro-tek'-tin). 1. A substance which 



develops in blood-serum when allowed to stand 
in vitro, and which protects the red blood corpuscles 
against hemolytic action. 2. Tissue paper with a 
coating of adhesive rubber mixture on one side. 

protective (pro-tek'-tiv) [protect]. Covering, so as 
to shield against harm; guarding against harm, as a 
protective dressing, p. protein. See protein, de- 
fensive. 

proteic (pro-te'-ik). Relating to protein, p. sub- 
stances, proteins. 

proteid (pro'-te-id) [irpwros, first]. 1. See protein. 
2. Conjugate albumins, including nucleo-proteids 
and hemoglobins. 

proteiform (pro-te'-if-orm). Having various forms. 

protein (pro'-te-in) [proteid]. An organic substance, 
consisting essentially of C, H, N, O, and S, character- 
istic of living matter, and found, in various forms, 
in animals and plants; albumin. For tests, see 
albumin, p., bacterial, one formed by the action of 
a microorganism, p., bacterial cellular, any protein 
found in the bodies of bacteria, p.s, coagulated. 
See coagulated proteins, p.s, compound, a class of 
bodies more complex than simple proteins, which 
yield as nearest splitting products, simple proteins 
on one side and nonprotein bodies, such as coloring- 
matters, carbohydrates, xanthin bases, etc., on the 
other. They are divided into three groups — the 
hemoglobins, glycoproteids, and nucleoproteids. 
p., defensive, one of the proteins existing in the blood 
and rendering the system immune to infectious dis- 
eases, p., pyocyaneous, a preparation made from 
cultures of Bacillus pyocyaneus by means of potash 
solutions. It is recommended in the treatment of 
suppurating ulcers. 

proteinochromogen (pro-te-in-o-kro'-mo-jen) [pro- 
tein; xpwM«» color; 7ewa>, to produce]. Same as 
tryptophan, q. v. 

proteinol (pro' -te-in-ol) [proto-; oleum, oil]. A form 
of nutritious food for infants and invalids. It con- 
tains proteids, fats, carbohydrates and lime- 
salts. 

proteolysis (pro-te-ol-is'-is), [it paras, first; \vais 
solution]. The change produced in proteins by fer- 
ments that convert them into diffusible bodies. 

proteolytic (pro-te-o-lit'-ik) [proteolysis]. Pertain- 
ing to, characterized by, or effecting proteolysis. 

proteose (pro'-te-os) [irpuros, first]. Any one of a 
group of bodies formed in gastric digestion, inter- 
mediate between the food proteins and the peptones, 
called antipeptone, hemipeptone, etc. 

Proteosoma (pro-te-o-so'-mah) [Uporevs, a sea god, 
capable of assuming many forms; a&na, a body]. 
A genus of parasitic protozoa which infest the blood 
of birds. 

proteosuria (pro-te-o-su'-re-ah) [proteose; ovpov, 
urine]. The presence of proteoses in the urine. 

proteuria (pro-te-u'-re-ah). The presence of pro- 
teids in the urine. 

Proteus (pro'-te-us) [L.]. A genus of schizomycetes. 

prothesis (proth'-es-is). See prosthesis. 

prothetic (pro-thet'-ik). See prosthetic. 

prothrombase (pro-throm'-bas). Same as pro- 
thrombin, q. v. 

prothrombin (pro-throm'-bin). Same as thrombogen, 
q. v. 

prothymia (pro-thi' -me-ah) [irpodvuia, zeal, readi- 
ness]. Intellectual alertness. 

protiodide (pro-ti'-o-dtd) [irpuros, first; iodide]. A 
salt containing the least amount of iodine of the 
iodides of the same base. See proto-. 

protista (pro-tis'-tah) [irpuros, first]. Haeckel's 
name for those lower organisms which are not 
readily referred to the plant or animal kingdom. 

proto- (pro-to-) [irp&ros, first]. 1. A prefix sig- 
nifying first. 2. In chemistry, a prefix signifying 
the lowest of a series of compounds of the same 
elements, as ^rofoiodide, protochXox'vle, protoxide. 

protoalbumose (pro-to-al'-bu-mos). See albumose. 

protoblast (pro'-to-blast) [proto-; /SXcwtos, germ]. 
A cell without a cell-wall. 

protocatechuic acid (pro-to-kat-e-chu'-ik) [proto-; 
catechu], C7H6O4. Dioxy benzoic acid, an acid some- 
times occurring in the urine. 

protochloride (pro-to-klo'-rid). See proto- (2). 

protoelastose (pro-to-e-las'-tos) [proto-; iXaweiv, 
to urge forward]. Hemielastin; one of the^products 
of digestion of elastin. 

protogala (pro-tog' -al-ah) [proto-; ya\a, milk]. 
Synonym of colostrum. 

protogaster (pro-to-gas' -ter) [proto-; yaarfip, stom- 



PROTOGEN 



721 



PROTYLIN 



ach]. The primitive intestinal cavity ofagastrula; 
the foregut. 

protogen (pro'-to-jen) [proto-; y^vvav, to produce], 
i. Any albuminoid compound which does not coagu- 
late when heated in aqueous solution. 2. A dietetic 
obtained by action of formaldehyde on egg-albumen. 

protoglobulose (pro-to-glob' -u-los). One of the 
primary products of the digestion of globulin. 

protogonocyte (pro-to-gon'-o-slt) [proto-; gonocyte]. 
One of the two cells resulting from the separation or 
division of the impregnated ovum. 

protoiodide (pro-to-V -o-did) . See protiodide. 

protoleukocyte (pro-to-lu'-ko-sit). One of the 
minute lymphoid cells found in the red bone-marrow 
and also in the spleen. 

protometer (pro-torn' -et-er) [proto-; ukrpov, a mea- 
sure]. An instrument for measuring the forward 
projection of the eyeball. 

protomyosinose (pro-to-mi-o'-sin-os) [proto-; myo- 
sin]. A product of the primary digestion of myosin. 

proton (pro' -ton) [proto-]. The primitive, un- 
differentiated mass of cells or rudiment of a part; 
the equivalent of anlage. 

protonephron (pro-to-nef'-ron) [proto-; v&t>pbs, kid- 
ney]. The pronephron, metanephron, and meso- 
nephron taken together; the primitive kidney. 

protoneuron (pro-to-nu'-ron) [proto-; vevpov, nerve]. 
One of a peculiar type of bipolar neurons or ganglion- 
cells of the cerebrospinal system, characterized by 
the entrance of the axis-cylinder of an afferent nerve- 
fibril through one of its prolongations, terminating 
in its endoplasm. It constitutes a primary inde- 
pendent centripetal end-organ. 

protonuclein (pro-to-nil'-kle-in) , C29H49N10P5O32. 
A preparation from the lymphoid tissues of animals 
with the addition of milk-sugar and gum-benzoin. 
It is used as an invigorator. Dose 3-10 gr. (0.2- 
0.65 Gm.) several times daily. Applied also in 
substance to cancerous wounds. 

protopathic (pro-to-path' -ik) [proto-; iraBos, disease]. 
1. Primary; relating to the first lesion. 2. Per- 
taining to the first evidence of a return of function; 
said of the appearance of imperfect sensibility in a 
nerve after an injury. 3. Pertaining to nerves 
responding only to pain and extreme changes of 
temperature and in which the sensibility and localiza- 
tion are of a low order. 

protopathy (pro-top' -ath-e) [proto-; iraBos, disease]. 
A primary disease. 

protopepsia (pro-to-pep' -se-ah) [proto-; irk-n-Ttiv, 
to cook]. A primary process of digestion as that of 
starches by the saliva. 

protophyte (pro' -to-fit) [proto-; <pvr6v, plant]. 
Any plant of the lowest and most primitive type. 
The Schizomycetes, or bacteria (q. v.), may be classed 
as protophytes, with other low vegetable forms. 
The protophytes have no visible reproductive organs. 

protopine (pro'-to-pin) [proto-; 6-inov, opium], 
C20H19NO5. An alkaloid from opium; it is hypnotic 
and analgesic. Dose 40-150 gr. (2.5-10.0 Gm.). 

protoplasis (pro-to-pla'-sis) [proto-; irXaaaetv, to 
form]. The primary formation of tissue. 

protoplasm (pro' -io-plazm) [proto-; plasma]. 1. 
The viscid material constituting the essential sub- 
stance of living cells, upon which all the vital func- 
tions of nutrition, secretion, growth, reproduction, 
irritability, and motility depend. When highly 
magnified, the protoplasm of most cells appears as a 
net-work (spongioplasm) , containing a more fluid 
substance (hyaloplasm) in its meshes. 2. Those 
portions of the cell-body adjacent to the nucleus; 
or, the primary active portion of the cell as dis- 
tinguished from the paraplasm or secondary and 
passive portion. 

protoplasmatic (pro-to-plaz-mat'-ik). Synonym of 
protoplasmic. 

protoplasmic (pro-to-plaz'-mik) [protoplasm]. 1. 
Pertaining to protoplasm. 2. Composed of proto- 
plasm, p. process. See process, protoplasmic. 

protoplast (pro' -to-plast) [proto-; ttXckttos, formed, 
molded]. 1. An embryonic cell. 2. Protoplasm. 

protoplastin (pro-to-plast'-in) [protoplasm]. The 
basal substance of protoplasm. 

protoprotein (pro-to-pro' -te-in). That material 
which, converted into organized nucleoproteids, 
forms living matter. 

protoproteose (pro-to-pro' -te-os) [proto-; proteose]. 
Primary proteose; further digestion changes it into 
deuteroproteose. 

protosalt (pro'-to-sawlt). In chemistry, that one 



of two or more compounds of a metal with an acid 
which contains relatively the least quantity of 
metal. 

protose (pro' -ids). Trade name of a food- prepara- 
tion of vegetable origin. 

protospasm (pro' -to-spazm) [proto-; o-n-ao-fjLos, spasm]. 
A spasm beginning in one part and extending to 
others. 

protosulphate (pro-to-sul'-fat). The one of a series 
of sulphates which contains relatively the smallest 
amount of sulphuric acid. 

protothrombin. See prothrombin. 

proto toxins (pro-to-toks'-ins) [proto-; toxins]. Dis- 
sociation-products of toxins differing from deutero- 
toxins and tritotoxins in having a stronger affinity 
than either for the antitoxins. 

prototoxoid (pro-to-toks'-oid) [proto-; toxoid]. A 
transformation-product of prototoxin in which 
toxicity is lost, but the combining power retained. 

prototrophic (pro-to-tro'-fik) [proto-; rpcxpii, nourish- 
ment]. Applied to organisms which do not require 
organic matter or have not the faculty of decom- 
posing proteid stuff. 

prototype (pro'-to-tlp) [proto-; tvitos, a type]. An 
original type; a type after which others are copied. 

protovertebra (pro-to-ver'-te-brah). A mesoblastic 
segment formed on the side of the embryonic noto- 
chord. 

protoxide (pro-toks'-id). See proto- (2). 

protoxoid (pro-toks'-oid). Same as prototoxoid. 

protoxyl (pro-toks'-il). An organic compound 
containing 37.69 per cent, of arsenic. 

protozoa (pro-lo-zo'-ah). Plural of protozoon. 

protozoal, protozoan (pro-to-zo'-al, pro-to-zo'-an) 
[proto-; fwov animal]. 1. First, lowest, primitive. 
2. Pertaining to protozoa. 

protozoology (pro-to-zo-ol'-o-je). The study of 
protozoa. 

protozoon (pro-to-zo'-on) [proto-; {uov, animal, pi., 
protozoa]. One of the lowest class of the animal 
kingdom, comprising organisms which consist of 
simple cells or colonies of cells, and which possess 
no nervous system and no circulatory organs. 

protractor (pro-trdk'-ior) [pro, before; trahere, to 
draw]. 1. A surgical instrument used for drawing 
extraneous bodies from wounds. 2. A muscle that 
draws forward. 

protrahens (pro-tra'-henz) [L.]. A drawing forward. 
p. auriculae, a muscle drawing the pinna forward. 
It is known, also, as the attrahens aurem. See mus- 
cles, table of. p. lentis, the ciliary muscle of the 
eye. 

protropine (pro-tro'-pin). See protopine. 

protrusor (pro-troo'-sor) [protrudere, to thrust 
forward]. Anything protruded, or which protrudes. 
p. labii mferioris, the corrugator muscle of the lower 
lip. p. linguae. Synonym of genio-glossus. See 
muscles, table of. 

protrypsin (pro-trip' -sin). See trypsinogen. 

protuberance (pro-tu'-ber-ans) [protuberantia; pro, 
forward; tuber, a swelling]. A knob-like projecting 
part, p., annular. Synonym of pons Varolii. 
p., cerebral. 1. Synonym of pons Varolii. 2. The 
prominence formed by the upper or anterior of the 
cerebral flexures of the embryo, p., external occipi- 
tal, the central prominence on the outer surface of 
the flat portion of the occipital bone, p., frontal. 
1. The prominence of the frontal bone. 2. The 
prominence formed by the lower of the two flexures 
of the cephalic end of the embryo, p., inferior 
maxillary, in the embryo, a prominence formed on 
each side by a division of the first pharyngeal arch, 
and representing the rudiments of the lower jaw. 
p., internal occipital, a slight central prominence on 
the inner surface of the tabular portion of the occipi- 
tal bone, p., lateral frontal, an elevation on either 
side of the frontal prominence of the embryo, p., 
mental, a synonym of prominence, mental, p., 
natiform, the nates of the corpora quadrigemina. 
p., occipital. See p., external occipital, and p., 
internal occipital, p., parietal, the eminence of the 
parietal bone, situated near the sagittal suture. 
p., superior maxillary, a prominence formed on each 
side of the embryo by a division of the first pharyn- 
geal arch. 

protyle, protyl (pro-ti'-le, pro'-til) [proto-; v\ij, 
matter]. The hypothetical primal substance from 
which all living matter is supposed to be derived; 
the supposed primitive universal element. 

protylin (pro'-til-in). A synthetic product con- 



PROUD FLESH 



722 



PSEUDESTHESIA 



taining 2.7 % of phosphorus; used in neurasthenia. 
Dose 2-4 coffeespoonfuls. 

proud flesh. Exuberant granulation tissue. 

provisional (pro-vizj'-on-al) [providere, to provide]. 
For temporary use, as provisional callus. 

Prowazek's bodies (pro-vat'-sek) [Stanislas Josef 
Mathias von Prowazek, German histologist]. Struc- 
tures occurring in Guarnieri's vaccine bodies. 

proximad (proks' -im-ad) [see proximal]. Toward 
the proximal end. 

proximal (proks' -im-al) [proximus, nearest]. Near- 
est to the body or the median line of the body, or 
some other point considered as the center of a system. 

proximate (proks' -im-df) [see proximal]. _ Nearest; 
immediate, as proximate cause, p. principle, a 
substance existing under its own form in the animal 
solids or fluids, and that can be extracted by means 
not altering or destroying its chemical properties. 

prox. luc. Abbreviation of proxima luce, the day 
before. 

prozonal (pro-zo'-nal) [pro-; zona, a zone]. Ap- 
plied to nerve-trunks lying in front of a sclerozone. 

prozymogen (pro-zi'-mo-jen). An intranuclear 
substance which, after being discharged into the 
cytoplasm, becomes zymogen. 

prual (proo'-al). A virulent toxic substance said 
to be obtained from the root of Coptosapelta flavescens, 
a rubiaceous plant of Malaya. 

pruinate (proo'-in-at) [pruina, hoar-frost]. Ap- 
pearing as if covered with hoar-frost. 

prune-juice expectoration (proon-joos). A peculiar 
bloody sputum, of a dark purple color, resembling 
prune-juice. It occurs in low forms of croupous 
pneumonia, in gangrene and carcinoma of the lung. 

prunin (proo'-nin). A resinoid from Cerasus sero- 
tina; the dose is about two grains (0.125 gin.). 

prunum (proo'-num) [L.]. Prune. The prunum 
of the U. S. P. is the partly dried fruit of Prunus 
domestica, of the order Rosacea. Prunes are laxative. 

Prunus (proo'-nus) [L.]. A genus of trees of the 
order Rosacea. P. domestica is the source of the 
prune. The ripe seed of P. amygdalus is the amygdala 
dulcis of the U. S. P. P. serotina yields wild-cherry 
bark. P. laurocerasus, cherry laurel; its leaves yield 
hydrocyanic acid. P. virginiana (U. S. P.), wild- 
cherry, contains a volatile oil, hydrocyanic acid, 
tannic acid, a resin, and other substances. It is 
used as a tonic and sedative in gastric debility and 
general irritation of the system, and is a common 
ingredient of cough-mixtures. Dose of the fluid- 
extract of wild-cherry (fluidextr actum pruni virginiana, 
U. S. P.) 1 dr. (4 Cc.) ; of the infusion (infusum pruni 
virginiana, U. S. P.) 2-3 oz. (64-96 Cc.) ; of the syrup 
(syrupus pruni virginiana, U. S. P.) f oz. (16 Cc). 

pruriginous (proo-rij'-in-us) [prurigo]. Pertaining 
to or resembling prurigo. 

prurigo (proo-ri'-go) [prurire, to itch]. 1. A chronic 
inflammatory disease of the skin, characterized by 
small pale papules and severe itching. The papules 
are deeply seated, and are most prominent on the 
extensor surfaces of the limbs. The disease begins 
in early life and is usually incurable. 2. Pruritus. 

pruritic (proo-rit'-ik) [pruritus]. Pertaining to 
pruritus; itching. 

pruritus (proo-ri'-tus) [prurire, to itch]. Itching, a 
peculiar uncomfortable sensation due to irritation of 
the peripheral sensory nerve, and leading to scratch- 
ing. It may be a symptom of other diseases of the 
skin or an independent neurosis. The latter receives 
its name from the part affected, as pruritus ani, 
pruritus vaginae, p., bath, a burning sensation 
varying from a slight pricking to an intense itching 
experienced by some persons after a bath. p. 
hiemalis, a form affecting certain persons only in 
winter, especially in dry climates, p. senilis, the 
pruritus of the aged, at times due to degenerative 
changes in the skin. p. senilis of the tongue, a 
form of glossitis occurring in the aged, characterized 
by itching and burning of the tongue, p. vulvae, 
hyperesthesia of the nerves of the vulva accompanied 
by intense itching. 

Prussak's fibers (proos'-ak) [Alexander Prussak, 
Russian otologist, 1839-1907]. The bands which, 
coming from the roof of the external auditory canal, 
pass on to the membrana tympani and form the lateral 
boundaries of Shrapnell's membrane; they are made 
up of elastic and connective-tissue fibers and contain 
blood-vessels and nerves. P.'s pouch, P.'s space, 
the small space formed in the attic of the middle 
ear by the external ligament of the malleus above, 



the short process of the malleus below, the neck of 
the malleus internally, and Shrapnell's membrane 
externally. 

Prussian blue. Ferric ferrocyanide; used in the 
arts as a dye; it was formerly employed in medicine 
as a febrifuge, tonic, and alterative. Dose 3-5 gr. 
(0.2-0.32 Gm.). 

prussiate (proos'-i-at). 1. Any salt of prussic or 
hydrocyanic acid; a cyanide. 2. Particularly a 
ferricyanide or ferrocyanide. 

prussic acid. See acid, hydrocyanic. 

psalis (sa'-lis) [^aXfe, arch]. The cerebral fornix. 

psalterial (sawl-te'-re-al). Pertaining to a psal- 
terium. 

psalterium (sawl-te'-re-um) [\}/a\TrjpLov, a psaltery: 
pl., psalteria], 1. Synonym of the lyra. 2. A 
group of longitudinal fibers on the floor of the Sylvian 
aqueduct. 3. In biology, the third compartment of 
the complicated stomach of the pecora or true rumi- 
nants; also called many plies. 

psamma (sam'-ah) [^hpum, sand]. Sand occur- 
ring as a urinary deposit. 

psammocarcinoma (sam-o-kar-sin-o'-mah). See 
carcinoma psammosum. 

psammoma (sam-o'-mah) [xj/annos, sand; 5/ua, tu- 
mor]. A firm tumor found in the membranes of 
the brain, the choroid plexus, and in other parts, and 
characterized by the presence of peculiar calcareous 
particles. The tumor is generally a fibrosarcoma. 

psammotherapy (sam-o-ther'-ap-e) [^A/u/zos, sand; 
depaireia, treatment]. Ammotherapy; the thera- 
peutic use of the sand-bath. 

psammous (sam'-us) [^an/ios, sand]. Sandy; 
sabulous. 

pselaphesis (sel-af-e'-sis) [^Xa^Tjo-is, touch]. 1. 
The act of groping with the fingers, seen in the low 
delirium of fevers; carphology. 2. Tickling, or 
ticklishness. 

pselaphia (sel-a'-fe-ah) [ipT)\a<j>La, touch]. 1. Digi- 
tal examination or exploration. 2. The same as 
pselaphesis. 

psellism, psellismus (sel'-izm, sel-iz'-mus) [\p\\ei<r- 
fios, a stammering]. 1. Stuttering or stammering. 
2. Defective speech due to hare-lip or to cleft palate. 
psellismus mercurialis, the unintelligible, hurried, 
jerking speech accompanying mercurial tremor. 

pseud-, pseudo- (siid-, su-do-) [\pevSi)s, false]. A 
prefix meaning false. 

pseudaconitine (su-dak-on' -it-en) [pseud-; acon- 
ite], C36H49NO12. An extremely poisonous alkaloid 
from Aconitum ferox. 

pseudacousia, pseudacousma, pseudacusis (su-dak- 
ooz'-e-ah, -mah, -u'-sis) [pseud-; aicoveis, a hearing]. 
A disturbance of hearing in which the person's own 
voice sounds strange or peculiar, being altered in 
pitch and quality. 

pseudassthesia (su-des-the'-z-eah). See pseudes- 
thesia. 

pseudalbuminuria. See pseudoalbuminuria. 

pseudamnesia (su-dam-ne'-ze-ah) [pseud-; &nvri<ria, 
forgetf illness]. 1. Spurious amnesia; a condition 
resembling amnesia, but of a transient character. 
2. An erroneous form of the word pseudomnesia, q. v. 

pseudangina (su-dan'-jin-ah). See pseudoangina. 

pseudankylosis (su-dank-il-o'-sis) [pseudo-; anky- 
losis]. A false joint; a false or fibrous ankylosis. 

pseudaphe, pseudaphia (su'-da-fe, su-da'-fe-ah) 
tyevSris, false; tyi, touch]. Pseudesthesia. 

pseudarthritis (su-dar-thri'-lis) [pseud-; arthritis]. 
Hysterical affection of a joint, simulating arthritis. 

pseudarthrosis (su-dar-thro'-sis) [pseud-; arthrosis]. 
A false joint. 

pseudaxis (su-daks'-is). Same as sympodium, q. v. 

pseudelminth (su-deV -minth) [pseud-; ZXfiivd, a 
worm]. Any worm-like object mistaken for an 
entoparasitic worm. 

pseudencephalus (su-den-sef'-al-us) [pseud-; iyK&p- 
a\os, brain]. A species of monster characterized 
by a partial development of the frontal, parietal, 
and occipital bones, while the brain is represented by 
a bunch of membranes, blood-vessels, connective 
and possibly nervous tissue at the base of the 
skull. 

pseudephedrin (su-def'-ed-rin). See pseudoephed- 
rin. 

pseudesthesia, pseudaesthesia (su-des-the'-ze-ah) 
[pseud-; ataOrjais, feeling]. An imaginary sensation 
for which there is no corresponding object; a sensation 
referred to parts of the body that have been removed 
by accident or surgical operation. 



PSEUDINOMA 



723 



PSEUDOGANGLION 



pseudinoma (sii-din-o'-mah) . Synonym of scirrhus. 

pseudo- (sil'-do-). See pseud-. 

pseudoaconitine (su-do-ak-on' -it-en) . Synonym of 
pseudaconitine. 

pseudoactinomycosis, pseudactinomycosis (sii-do- 
ak-tin-o-mi-ko'-sis, su-dak-tin-o-mi-ko' -sis) . A form 
of pulmonary tuberculosis in which the sputum 
contains granular bodies resembling the grains of 
actinomycosis. They consist of a crystalline sub- 
stance similar to leucin. 

pseudoagraphia (su-do-ah-gra'-fe-ah). The form 
of agraphia in which meaningless or disconnected 
words can be written. 

pseudoakromegaly (sic-do-ak-ro-meg'-al-e). See 
osteoarthropathy, hypertrophic pulmonary. 

pseudoalbuminuria (su-do-al-bu-min-u' -re-ah) . 

False or physiological albuminuria. 

pseudoalveolar (su-do-al-ve'-o-lar) . Simulating 
alveolar tissue. 

pseudoangina (su-do-an'-ji-nah). False angina; 
hysteric angina; an attack of cardiac pain somewhat 
resembling angina pectoris but less grave in character, 
longer in duration, and usually not associated with 
organic heart disease. It occurs in neurotic women, 
and is generally brought oh by emotional excite- 
ment. 

pseudoangioma (su-do-an-je-o'-mah) [pseudo-; angi- 
oma]. The formation of a temporary angioma, as is 
sometimes seen in healing stumps, p., urethral, 
urethral caruncle. 

pseudoanorexia {su-do-an-or-eks'-e-ah). Rejection 
of food because of gastric distress. 

pseudoapoplexy {su-do-ap' -o-pleks-e) [pseudo-; apo- 
plexy]. A diseased condition resembling apoplexy, 
but in which cerebral hemorrhage is not found 
post-mortem. 

pseudoappendicitis (su-do-ap-en-dis-i'-tis). i. A 
condition simulating appendicitis, but with no 
lesion of the appendix. 2. A condition simulating 
appendicitis occurring in hysterical subjects or asso- 
ciated with secondary syphilis. 

pseudoarthrosis (su-do-ar-thro'-sis). See pseud- 
arthrosis. 

pseudoataxia {su-do-ah-taks'-e-ah). See pseudo- 
tabes. 

pseudobacillus (su-do-bas-il'-us). 1. One of the 
very fine fat crystals sometimes found in sputum, 
and which stain similarly to tubercle bacilli, from 
which they are distinguishable by their varying size 
and their solubility in ether and chloroform. 2. In 
the plural, pseudobacilli (of Hayem), very minute, 
rod-shaped products of corpuscular fragmentation 
observed in poikilocytosis. 

pseudobacterium (su-do-bak-te'-re-um). Any ob- 
ject resembling a bacterium. 

pseudoblepsia, pseudoblepsis (su-do-blep'-se-ah, 
su-do-blep'-sis) [pseudo-; 0Xe£is, seeing]. A visual 
hallucination; a distorted visual image. 

pseudobulbar (sii-do-bul'-bar). Not really bulbar. 
p. paralysis, symmetrical disease of both cerebral 
hemispheres involving the centers or paths of the 
nerves of speech, and thus resembling disease of the 
medulla oblongata. 

pseudocartilaginous (sil-do-kar-til-aj'-in-us). Simu- 
lating cartilage in structure. 

pseudocataracta (su-do-kat-ar-ak'-tah) [pseudo- ; 
cataract]. Spurious cataract. 

pseudocele (su'-do-sel) [pseudo-; koXXos, a hollow]. 
The fifth ventricle of the brain. 

pseudoceliotomy (su-do-se-le-ot'-o-me). The pre- 
tended performance of abdominal section. 

pseudochalazion {su-do-kal-a' -ze-on) . A malignant 
lesion of the conjunctiva resembling chalazion. 

pseudochancre (su-do-shang' -ker) . An indurated 
sore simulating chancre. 

pseudochlorosis (su-do-klo-ro'-sis). Leache's term 
for a form of chlorosis in which there was no diminu- 
tion of the number of erythrocytes. 

pseudochorea (su-do-ko-re'-ah) [pseudo-; xopda, 
dance]. Spurious chorea, usually hysterical in 
urigin. 

pseudochromesthesia (su-do-kro-mes- the'-ze-ah) 

[pseudo-; x/wMa> color; al<rdr)(ns, sense]. A condition 
in which the vowels of a word (whether seen, heard, 
or remembered) each seem to have a distinct visual 
tint. See photism, phonism. 

pseudochromia (su-do-kro'-me-ah) [pseudo-; xpw"*. 
color]. A false or incorrect perception of color. 

pseudocirrhosis (su-do-sir-o'-sis). A condition 
marked by ascites, dyspnea, and cyanosis, believed 



to be due to combined cirrhosis and peritoneal 
disease. 

pseudoclump (sil'-do-klump). A clump of bacteria 
in broth typhoid cultures, which simulates closely 
the clumps formed by specific typhoid agglutinins. 

pseudocodeine (sil-do-ko'-de-in), C18H21NO3. A 
derivative of codeine, analogous to codeine but 
weaker. 

pseudocode, pseudoccelia {su'-do-sel, su-do-se'- 
le-ah). Synonym of pseudocele and of pseudoccelom. 

pseudocoloboma (su-do-kol-o-bo'-mah) [pseudo- ; 
Ko\6fiwna, mutilation]. A scarcely noticeable fissure 
of the iris, the remains of the embryonic ocular 
fissure, which has almost, but not perfectly, closed. 

pseudocrisis {su-do-kri' -sis) . A false crisis; a 
sudden fall of temperature resembling the crisis of a 
disease, but subsequently followed by a rise of 
temperature and a continuation of the disease. It is 
common in pneumonia. 

pseudocroup (su'-do-kroop). False croup; laryn- 
gismus stridulus. 

pseudocyesis (sil-do-si-e'-sis) [pseudo- ; nvrjais, preg- 
nancy]. False pregnancy; the belief, on the part 
of a woman, in the existence of pregnancy when 
none exists. 

pseudocylindroid (su-do-sil'-in-droid) [pseudo-; cyl- 
indroid], A band of mucus or any substance in the 
urine simulating a renal cast. 

pseudocyst (su'-do-sist) [pseudo- ; kuo-tis, a bladder]. 
In biology, a globular body produced by the breaking 
up of protoplasm in a filament, in certain of the 
lower plants; an asexual reproductive body. 

pseudodesma (su-do-dez' -mah) [pseudo-; Seepix, 
bond]. A false or adventitious ligament. 

pseudodiascope {su-do-di'-ah-skop) [pseudo-; 8ia<r- 
Ko-jrelv, to look through]. An instrument demon- 
strating the persistence of visual impressions made 
upon the retina. 

pseudodiastolic (sii-do-di-as-tol'-ik). Apparently 
diastolic. 

pseudodiphtheria (su-do-dif -the' -re-ah) [pseudo- ; 
diphtheria]. An inflammation characterized by the 
presence of a false membrane not due to the Klebs- 
Loffler bacillus, p. bacillus, a nonpathogenic bacillus 
resembling in form and growth the true diphtheria 
bacillus. 

pseudodiphtheritic {su-do-dif-ther-it'-ik). Simulat- 
ing diphtheria ; relating to pseudodiphtheria. 

pseudodyspepsia (sil-do-dis-pep'-se-ah) [pseudo- ; 
dyspepsia]. Nervous dyspepsia or gastric neuras- 
thenia. 

pseudoedema (su-do-e-de'-mah). A condition 
simulating edema. 

pseudoencephalitis (su-do-en-sef-al-i'-tis) [pseudo- ; 
encephalitis], Hydrencephaloid disease. 

pseudoendometritis {su-do-en-do-met-ri' -lis) [pseu- 
do-; endometritis], A condition resembling endo- 
metritis marked by changes in the blood-vessels, 
hyperplasia of the glands, and atrophy. 

pseudoephedrine (sii-do-ef'-ed-rin), C13H19NO. An 
alkaloid found in Ephedra vulgaris and isomeric 
with ephedrine. 

pseudoepilepsy (sti-do-ep'-il-ep-se) [pseudo-; epi- 
lepsy]. Disorders simulating epilepsy, wholly or 
partially of rhachitic origin. 

pseudoepithelioma (su-do-ep-i-the-le-o'-mah) [pseu- 
do- ; epithelioma]. An affection of the skin simulating 
epithelioma. 

pseudoerysipelas {su-do-er-e-sip'-el-as) [pseudo-; 
erysipelas]. Inflammation of the subcutaneous 
cellular tissue resembling erysipelas. 

pseudoesophagism (su-do-e-sof-a-jizm) [pseudo- 
esophagism], A condition resembling esophagismus 
but without any obstruction being found in the 
esophagus. 

pseudoesthesia (sii-do-es-the'-ze-ah). See pseudes- 
thesia. 

pseudofever (su-do-fe'-ver) [pseudo-; fever]. An 
hysterical elevation of temperature. 

pseudofibrin (su-do-fi'-brin) [pseudo-; fibrin]. 
The coagulative material of blood in cases of "buffy 
coat." 

pseudofluctuation (su-do-fluk-tu-a'-shun) [pseudo- ; 
fluctuation]. A tremor simulating fluctuation, some- 
times observed on tapping lipomata. 

pseudofracture (sii'-do-frak-chur) [pseudo-; frac- 
ture]. A spontaneous fracture. 

pseudoganglion (su-do-gang'-gle-on) [pseudo-; gan- 
glion]. A false ganglion, usually a slight thickening 
of a nerve. 



PSEUDOASTRALGIA 



724 



PSEUDOPARALYSIS 



pseudogastralgia (su-do-gas-traV-je-ah) [pseudo- ; 
yaffTT/p, stomach; 0X70$, pain]. A pain resembling 
gastralgia, but not caused by disease of the stomach. 
It may be dependent upon disease of the aorta. 

pseudogelatin (sii-do-jel'-at-in) [pseudo-; gelatin]. 
Any gelatinous substance obtained from vegetable 
tissues. 

pseudogeusesthesia, pseudogeusaesthesia (su-do- 
gu-zes-ihe' -ze-ah) [pseudo-; yevais, taste; aladrjais, 
sensation]. A condition in which color sensations 
accompany the sense of taste. 

pseudogeusia (su-do-gu' -ze-ah) [pseudo-; yevcris, 
taste]. A false perception, or hallucination, of taste. 

pseudoglioma (su-do-gli-o'-mah) [pseudo-; glioma]. 
A name given to inflammatory changes of the vitreous 
humor, due to iridochoroiditis, and resembling gli- 
oma of the retina. 

pseudoglobulin (su-do-glob'-u-lin). A protein 
found in globulin; it is not precipitated by dialysis. 

pseudoglucosazone (su-do-gloo-ko'-sa-zon). A crys- 
talline substance sometimes found in normal urine 
which gives the phenylhydrazine test for sugar. 

pseudogonococcus {su-do-gon-o-kok'-us) [pseudo-; 
gonococcus]. A diplococcus resembling the gono- 
coccus found in the normal urethra. 

pseudogonorrhea {su-do-gon-or-e'-ah) [pseudo- ; gon- 
orrhea]. A simple nonspecific urethritis. 

pseudohematocele (sil-do-hem-at'-o-sel) [pseudo-; 
hematocele]. Hematocele occurring outside of the 
peritoneal cavity. 

pseudohemoglobin (su-do-hem-o-glo'-bin) [pseudo- ; 
hemoglobin]. A loose combination of hemoglobin 
and oxygen believed to be an intermediate step 
between hemoglobin and oxyhemoglobin, on the 
reduction of the latter. 

pseudohermaphrodite (su-do-her-maf'-ro-dit) [pseu- 
do-; hermaphrodite]. An individual in which there 
is a double sexual formation of the external genitals, 
but a unisexual development of the reproductive 
glands (ovaries and testicles). According to the 
development of one or the other of the latter will 
the sex of the individual be determined. 

pseudohermaphroditism (su-do-her-maf'-ro-di- 

tizm) [pseudo-; hermaphroditism]. A condition 
simulating hermaphroditism. 

pseudohernia (su-do-her'-ne-ah) [pseudo-; hernia]. 
An empty hernia sac resembling strangulated hernia 
when inflamed. 

pseudoheterotopia {su-do-het-ur-o-to' -pe-ah) [pseu- 
do-; 'irepos, other; tottos, place]. Misplacement of 
cerebral alba or cinerea by unskillful manipulation 
in an autopsy. 

pseudohydrarthrosis (su-do-hi-drar-thro'-sis) [pseu- 
do-; hydrarthrosis]. Apparent dropsy of the knee- 
joint from effusion into the ligament between the 
patella and the tuberosity of the tibia, and especially 
into the fat tissue of the synovial bursa. 

pseudohydrophobia (sil-do-hi-dro-fo'-be-ah) [pseu- 
do-; hydrophobia]. A condition resembling hydro- 
phobia, at times produced by dread of the disease. 
Syn., lyssophobia. 

pseudohyoscyamine. See hyoscyamine pseudo-. 

pseudohypertrophic (su-do-hi-per-tro'-fik). Per- 
taining to or characterized by pseudohypertrophy. 
p. muscular paralysis, loss or diminution of the power 
of motion, accompanied by enlarged, and apparently 
hypertrophied muscles. The types are the Leyden- 
Moebius, Zimmerlin, and Landouzy-Dejerine. See 
paralysis, pseudohypertrophic. 

pseudohypertrophy {su-do-hi-per' -tro-je) [pseudo- ; 
hypertrophy]. False hypertrophy; increase in the 
size of an organ on account of overgrowth of an im- 
portant tissue. It is accompanied by diminution in 
function. 

pseudoileus (su-do-il'-e-us) [pseudo-; ileus]. 1. Re- 
flex ileus due to constriction of the mesentery, or of a 
diverticulum, or from traction of a pedicled ovarian 
tumor, contusion of the testicle or abdomen, or from 
movable kidney. 2. Acute dilatation of the stomach. 
3. Extreme constipation with paralysis of the intes- 
tinal wall. 

pseudoinfluenza (su-do-in-floo-en'-zah) [pseudo- ; 
influenza]. A disease simulating influenza but not 
due to Bacillus influenzae. 

pseudoisochromatic (su-do-is-o-kro-maV '-ik) [pseu- 
do-; ttros, equal; xpu>p.a, color]. Of different colors, 
yet apparently of the same color. Cf. anisochro- 
matic. 

pseudo jaundice (su-do-jawn'-dis). Hematogenous 
jaundice without hepatic disease. 



pseudoleukemia, pseudoleukemia (su-do-lu-ke' '- 
me-ah) [pseudo-; leukemia]. See Hodgkin's disease. 
p., infantile, von Jaksch's disease, a form of ane- 
mia occurring in young children, usually dependent 
on a rhachitic diathesis, and not associated with much 
leukocytosis. 

pseudoleukocythemia (su-do-lu-ko-si-the' -me-ah) . 
Synonym of pseudoleukemia. 

pseudolien {su-do-le'-en). See spleen, accessory. 

pseudolipoma (su-do-lip-o'-mah) [pseudo-; lipoma]. 
A localized edema resembling an accumulation of 
fat, occurring above the clavicle and about the 
knee, especially in cases of rheumatism. 

pseudolupus (su-do-lii'-pus) [pseudo-; lupus]. 
A disease simulating lupus vulgaris, produced by a 
species of oidium. p. vulgaris. See dermatitis, 
blastomycetic. 

pseudomalady (su-do-mal'-ad-e) [pseudo-; malum, 
evil]. An imaginary or simulated illness. 

pseudomalaria (su-do-mal-a'-re-ah) [pseudo-; mal- 
aria], A toxemic disease simulating malaria. 

pseudomamma (su-do-mam'-ah) [pseudo-; mamma], 
A mamma-like structure sometimes occurring in 
dermoid cysts. 

pseudomania {su-do-ma' -ne-ah) [pseudo-; ixavla, 
madness]. 1. A form of insanity in which the patient 
accuses himself of crimes of which he is innocent. 
2. A mania characterized by lying. 

pseudomelanosis {su-do-mel-an-o' -sis) [pseudo-; 
p.e\as, black; voaos, disease]. The dark staining of 
gangrenous parts or the tissues after death, due to 
the deposit of ferrous sulphide, which is formed by a 
reaction of hydrogen sulphide and the hemoglobin 
of the blood. 

pseudomembrane (su-do-mem'-bran) [pseudo- ; 
membrane]. A false membrane, such as is seen in 
diphtheria. 

pseudomembranous (su-do-mem'-bran-us). Char- 
acterized by, or pertaining to, false membranes. 
p. inflammation, any inflammation characterized 
by the formation of a false membrane. 

pseudomeningitis (su-do-men-in-ji'-tis) [pseudo- ; 
meningitis]. A group of symptoms resembling that 
produced by meningitis, but with absence of the 
lesions of meningeal inflammation; meningism. p., 
dental, meningeal symptoms occurring in children 
during difficult dentition. 

pseudomeninx (su-do-men' '-inks) [pseudo-; m'FO'I. 
membrane]. A false membrane. 

pseudomnesia {su-do-ne' -ze-ah) [pseudo-; nvij<ns, 
remembrance]. Perversion of the memory in which 
things that never occurred seem to be remembered. 

Pseudomonas (sii-do-mo'-nas) [pseudo-; fibvas, 
monad]. A genus of microorganisms having polar 
flagella. 

pseudomorphine (sil-do-mor'-fen). A finely crystal- 
line alkaloid of opium, insoluble in water, alcohol, 
ether, and chloroform; it is soluble in alkalies and 
lime-water, neutral, tasteless. It has the chemical 
but not the toxic properties of morphine. 

pseudomucin (su-do-mu'-sin) [pseudo-; mucin]. 
A substance allied to mucin, found in proliferative 
ovarian cysts. 

pseudomyxoma (su-do-miks-o'-mah) [pseudo-; myx- 
oma]. A tumor containing colloid matter derived 
from a ruptured mucous cyst. 

pseudonarcotic (sii-do-nar-kot'-ik). Sedative but 
not narcotic. 

pseudonarcotism (su-do-nar' -ko-tizm) [pseudo-; 
vapKdvv, to benumb]. An hysterical simulation of 
narcotism. 

pseudoneoplasm {su-do-ne' -o-plazm) [pseudo-; neo- 
plasm]. 1. A phantom tumor. 2. A temporary 
swelling generally of inflammatory origin. 

pseudoneuralgia (su-do-nu-raV -je-ah) [pseudo- ; neu- 
ralgia]. A term given by Charcot to the pains of 
rickets. 

pseudoneuritis (sil-do-nu-ri'-tis). A disease simu- 
lating a neuritis. 

pseudoneuroma (su-do-nu-ro'-mah) [pseudo-; neu- 
roma]. A false neuroma. See neuroma. 

pseudonuclein (su-do-nu'-kle-in) . See paranuclein. 

pseudoosteomalacia (su-do-os-te-o-mal-a'-se-ah) 

[Pseudo-; osteomalacia]. Rhachitis in which the 
pelvic basin is distorted so as to resemble in form 
that of osteomalacia. 

pseudoparalysis (su-do-par-al'-is-is) [pseudo-; par- 
alysis]. Paralysis of motion, apparently but not 
really due to a lesion of the nervous system. _ p. 
agitans. See dystaxia agitans. p. myasthenica,. 



PSEUDOPARANOIA 



725 



PSITTACOSIS 



bulbar paralysis without apparent anatomic lesion. 
p. of rickets, the inability to walk in severe cases of 
rickets, due to distortion of the bones, p., syphilitic, 
an inflammatory condition of the epiphyses of the 
bones in syphilis causing a marked impairment of 
motion. 

pseudoparanoia (sil-do-par-an-oi'-ah) [pseudo-; par- 
anoia], A condition in which there is a primarily 
more active mentality, as well as an increased 
responsivity to emotional impulses, associated with 
a heightened desire for activity. 

pseudoparaplegia (su-do-par-ap-le'-je-ah) [pseudo- ; 
paraplegia]. Spurious paraplegia. p., tetanoid. 
Synonym of paralysis, spastic. 

pseudoparasite (su-do-par'-ah-slt) [pseudo-; para- 
site], i. Any object resembling a parasite. 2. A 
commensal. 

pseudoparesis (sil-do-par'-es-is) [pseudo-; paresis]. 
An affection resembling paresis, but regarded as 
distinct from the ordinary forms. 

pseudopellagra (sil-do-pel-a'-grah) [pseudo-; pella- 
gra]. An affection regarded by some authorities as 
distinct from pellagra, but presenting similar skin 
symptoms. 

pseudopelletierine {su-do-pel-ef -e-er-en) , C18H30- 
N2O2. An alkaloid found in the root-bark of pome- 
granate. 

pseudopeptone {su-do-pep'-ton). Same as hemi- 
albumose. 

pseudopericardial {su-do-per-e-kar'-de-al). Appear- 
ing to be connected with the pericardium. 

pseudophlegmon (sil-do-fleg'-mon) [pseudo-; phleg- 
mon], A simulated furuncle due to trophic nerve 
lesion. 

pseudophotesthesia {sil-do-fo-tes-the'-ze-ah) [pseu- 
do-; <£ws,, light; cu<7077<us, perception]. The seeing of 
photisms. 

pseudophthisis (su-do-ti'-sis) [pseudo-; <j>9i<ris, 
wasting]. Emaciation and general wasting arising 
from other causes than pulmonary tuberculosis. 

pseudoplasm (su'-do-plazm) [pseudo-; irXao-/ua, a 
thing molded]. Same as pseudoneoplasm. 

pseudoplegia (sil-do-ple'-je-ah) [pseudo-; 7^77717, 
stroke]. Simulated or hysterical paralysis. 

pseudopneumococcus (sii-do-nu-mo-kok'-us). A 
diplococcus larger than the pneumococcus, but 
much like it in some respects. 

pseudopneumonia (su-do-nu-mo'-ne-ah) . Any dis- 
ease of the lung simulating pneumonia. 

pseudopod, pseudopodium (su' -do-pod, su-do-po'- 
de-um) [pseudo-; irovs, foot]. A protrusion of a 
portion of the substance of an ameboid cell. 

pseudopodiospore (sii-do-po'-de-o-spor) [pseudo- 
podium; spore]. A spore having pseudopodia; an 
amabula. 

pseudopregnancy (su-do-preg'-nan-se) [pseudo- ; 
pregnancy]. _ Synonym of pregnancy, false. 

pseudopsia (su-dop'-se-ah) [pseudo-; &\j/, eye]. 
Visual hallucination, or error of visual perception. 

pseudopterygium (su-do-ter-ij'-e-um). False, or 
cicatricial, pterygium. 

pseudoptosis (sii-do-to'-sis) [pseudo-; ptosis]. A 
condition resembling ptosis caused by a fold of skin 
and fat depending below the edge of the eyelid. 

pseudopus (su'-do-pus) [pseudo-; pus]. A liquid 
that resembles pus in appearance only. 

pseudorabies (sic-do-ra'-be-ez). See lyssophobia. 

pseudoreaction (sil-do-re-ak'-shun) [pseudo-; reac- 
tion]. Agglutination not due to typhoid bacilli. 
Cf. pseudoclump. 

pseudorexia (su-dor-eks'-e-ah) [pseudo-; ope£ts, 
desire]. A perverted appetite. 

pseudorhachitis (su-do-ra-ki'-tis). Osteitis de- 
formans. 

pseudorheumatism (sii-do-roo' -mat-izm) [pseudo- ; 
rheumatism]. False rheumatism, p., infectious, a 
term given by Lapersonne to certain cases of multiple 
synovitis or arthritis, the prime cause of which it is 
impossible to discover. 

pseudorhonchus (su-do-rong'-kus) [pseudo-; rhon- 
chus]. A false or spurious rhonchus; a deceptive 
auscultatory sound. 

pseudoscarlatina {su-do-skar-lat-e'-nah) [pseudo- ; 
scarlatina]. A febrile disease associated with a 
rash like that of scarlatina, occurring as a result of 
gonorrhea or after puerperal infection. 

pseudosclerosis (su-do-skle-ro'-sis) [pseudo-; sclero- 
sis]. «? An affection similar in symptoms to multiple 
sclerosis of the nervous system, but without the 
anatomical lesions. 



pseudosmia {su-doz'-me-ah) [pseudo-; barf, smell]. 
Perversion of the sense of smell: an olfactory halluci- 
nation. 

pseudosphincter (su-do-sfink'-ter) [pseudo-; sphinc- 
ter]. An imperfect sphincter. 

pseudospleen, pseudosplen {su'-do-splen, -splen). 
See spleen, accessory. 

pseudosteogenesis (su-dos-te-o-jen'-e-sis) [pseudo-; 
bffTtov, bone; yewav, to produce]. Abnormal bone- 
formation. 

pseudosteum (sil-dos'-te-um). An abnormal bony 
growth. 

pseudostoma (su-dos'-to-mah) [pseudo-; arofia, 
a mouth]. An apparent aperture between endothelial 
cells that have been stained with silver nitrate. 

pseudotabes (su'-do-ta-bez) [pseudo-; tabes]. 1. A 
disease simulating tabes dorsalis or tabes mesenterica. 
2. The ataxic form of alcoholic multiple neuritis. 

pseudotetanus (su-do-tet'-an-us) [pseudo-; tetanus]. 
Escherich's symptom-complex. A rare type of 
tetanus in which the masseters and dorsal muscles 
are principally involved. 

pseudotoxin (sii-do-toks'-in). A name given to 
extract of belladonna containing other substances. 

pseudotrichinosis (su-do-trik-in-o'-sis) [pseudo-; 
trichinosis]. Acute polymyositis resembling trichi- 
nosis of the muscles. 

pseudotrichosis (su-do-trik-o'-sis) [pseudo-; tricho- 
sis]. The growth of hair in an abnormal location. 

pseudotropine (su-do-tro'-pen)' [pseudo-; tropine], 
CsHisNO. An isomeric form of tropine. 

pseudotuberculosis (su-do-tii-ber-ku-lo'-sis) [pseu- 
do-; tuberculosis]. A disease resembling tubercu- 
losis, but not caused by the tubercle bacillus. 

pseudotumor {su-do-tu' -mor) [pseudo-; tumor]. 
A phantom tumor; one that changes its location is 
called an ambulant tumor. 

pseudotyphoid (su-do-ti'-foid) [pseudo-; typhoid]. 
Spurious typhoid, a disease simulating typhoid 
fever, but in which the true lesions of this disease 
as well as the typhoid bacilli are absent. 

pseudovacuoles {su-do-vak'-u-olz) [pseudo-; vacu- 
ole]. Transparent bodies containing pigment found 
by Laveran in blood of malarial patients. 

pseudoventricle {su-do-ven' -trik-T) . The fifth 
ventricle of the brain. 

pseudovermicule (su-do-ver'-mik-ul) [pseudo-; ver- 
mes, worm]. The motile stage in the development of 
certain Plasmodia, as that produced from the fertilized 
macrogamete in the case of the malarial parasite and 
allied organisms. 

pseudoxantbine (sii'-do-zan-then) [pseudo-; xan- 
thine], 1. C4H5N5O, a leukomaine isolated from 
fresh beef. 2. A body isomeric with xanthine, 
obtained by action of sulphuric acid upon uric acid. 

pseudoxanthoma (su-do-zan-tho'-mah) [pseudo- ; 
xanthoma]. A rare chronic disease of the skin charac- 
terized by an eruption of yellowish plaques, slightly 
elevated, with an especial predilection for certain 
parts of the skin, e. g., lower abdomen, axilla, sides 
of neck, etc., in which it differs from true xanthoma, 
which affects by preference the flexures of fingers, 
the extensor surfaces of elbows and knees, etc. It 
differs histologically from true xanthoma in being a 
degeneration of the elastic tissue of the skin. Syn., 
pseudoxanthoma elastica. 

pseudozooglcea (su-do-zo-og-le'-ah) [pseudo-; $uov, 
animal; 7X010., glue]. A clump of bacteria something 
like a zoogla^a mass, but not dissolving readily in 
water and not having the degree of compactness and 
gelatinization possessed by zoogla^ae. 

pseudulcus (siid-ul'-kus). A false ulcer. p. 
ventriculi, a sensory neurosis of the stomach closely 
resembling gastric ulcer. 

pseudydrops (sud-i' -drops) [pseudo-; vdpw^, dropsy]. 
False dropsy. 

psilosis (si-lo'-sis) [\pi\6s, bare]. 1. The removal 
of the hair from a part; depilation. 2. See aphtha 
tropica. 

psilothin, psilothinum (si-lo'-thin, si-lo-thi' -nurn) . 
A depilatory cerate containing elemi, 40 %; benzoin, 
10 %; rosin, 8 %; yellow wax, 10 %; and diachylon 
plaster, 30%; applied warm, and when cool, re- 
moved with the hair adhering. 

psilothric (si-lo'-thrik) [\pChwdpov, a depilatory]. 
Depilatory. 

psilothron (sil'-o-thron) [fi\a£poi>. A depilatory. 

psilotic (si-lo'-tik). Relating to psilosis. 

psittacosis (sit-ak-o'-sis) \piTTaKos„ a parrot]. A 
disease of birds, especially of parrots, transmissible 



PSOADIC 



726 



PSYCHONEUROSIS 



to man, in whom it runs the course of a violent 
typhoid fever without abdominal symptoms but with 
pulmonary disorders resembling severe infectious 
pneumonia. It is due to Bacillus psittacosis. 

psoadic (so-ad'-ik) [psoas]. Pertaining to a psoas 
muscle, or to the loin. 

psoadotomia (so-ad-o-to'-me-ah) [psoas; rop.it, a 
cutting]. Incision of the psoas muscle. 

psoas (so'-as) [^6a, loin]. One of two muscles — 
psoas magnus and psoas parvus — of the loins and 
pelvis. See under muscle, p. abscess, an abscess, 
usually dependent upon tuberculous disease of a 
vertebra, making its way along the sheath of the 
psoas muscle and pointing at the front of the thigh, 
below Poupart's ligament, to the outer side of the 
spine of the pubis. 

psodymus (sod'-im-us) [psoas; SLdvpos, double]. 
A monster with two heads and chests and conjoined 
abdominal and pelvic cavities. 

psoitis (so-i'-tis) [psoas; ms, inflammation]. In- 
flammation of the psoas muscles or of the region 
of the loins. 

ps omophagia, spomophagy (so-mo-fa'-je-ah, so-mof- 
a-je) [i//o)(j.6s, a bit; 4>ayeZi>, to eat]. Swallowing the 
food after imperfect and inadequate mastication; 
bolting the food. 

psora (so'-rah) [\l/u>pa, the itch], i. Scabies. 2. 
Psoriasis. 

psorelcosis (so-rel-ko'-sis) [psora; eXwoo-w, ulcera- 
tion]. Ulceration Occurring during the progress of 
scabies. 

psorenteria (so-ren-te'-re-ah) [psora; kvrkpov, in- 
testine]. Inflammatory condition of solitary follicles 
of the intestine observed in Asiatic cholera. 

psorenteritis (so-ren-ter-i'-tis) [psora; enteritis]. 
The intestinal condition in Asiatic cholera. 

psoriasic (so-ri-as'-ik) . See psoriatic. 

psoriasiform (so-ri-as'-e-fortn). Resembling psori- 
asis. 

psoriasis (so-ri f -as-is) [psora]. A chronic inflam- 
matory disease of the skin characterized by the 
development of reddish patches covered with whitish 
scales. The disease affects especially the extensor 
surfaces of the body. p. annularis. Synonym of 
p. circinata. p., buccal, p. buccalis. Synonym of 
leukoplakia buccalis. p. circinata, psoriasis in which 
the central part of the lesions has disappeared, leav- 
ing ring-shaped patches, p. diffusa, a form in which 
there is coalescence of large contiguous lesions, p. 
guttata. See p. punctata, p. gyrata, psoriasis with a 
serpentine arrangement of the patches, p. lotricum, 
a form attacking the hands and arms, particularly 
of washerwomen. Syn., washerwoman's itch. p. oste- 
acea, psoriasis associated with affections of joints. 
p. palmaris, a form affecting the palms of the hands. 
p. pistorum, baker's itch. p. punctata, a form in 
which the lesions consist of minute red papules which 
rapidly become surmounted by pearly scales, p. 
universalis, a form in which the lesions are over all 
the body. 

psoriatic (so-ri-at'-ik) [psoriasis]. Pertaining to 
or affected with psoriasis. 

psorocomium (so-ro-ko'-me-um) [psora; Kopeiv, to 
take care of]. A hospital for patients affected with 
the itch. 

psoroid (so'-roid) [psora; tl8os, like]. Similar to 
psora or scabies. 

psorophthalmia (so-rof-thal '-me-ah) [psora; 6<j>da\- 
y.bs, eye]. Marginal blepharitis. 

psorosperm (so'-ro-sperm) [psora; o-irippa, seed]. 
A unicellular organism belonging to the protozoa; 
a coccidium; a sporozoon. 

psorospermial, psorospermic (so-ro-sperm'-e-al, so- 
ro-sperm'-ik) [psorosperm]. Pertaining to, or affected 
with, psorosperms. 

psorospermiasis (so-ro-sperm-i'-as-is) [psorosperm]. 
A state characterized by the presence of psorosperms. 

psorospermosis (so-ro-sperm-o'-sis) [psorosperm]. 
A diseased condition associated with the presence of 
psorosperms. p., proliferative follicular. Synonym 
of keratosis follicularis and Darier's disease. 

psorous (so'-rus) [psora]. Pertaining to or affected 
with the itch. 

psorozoa (so-ro-zo'-ah) [psora; f^op, animal]. 
Animal psorosperms. 

psychagogia (si-kag-o'-je-ah) [tpvxv, spirit; Ayuyos, 
leading]. Mental excitement or activity. 

psychagogic (si-kag-oj'-ik) [\J/vxn, spirit; kywybs, 
leading]. 1. Restorative of the consciousness. 2. A 
remedy that restores to consciousness, as in fainting. 



psychalgia (si-kal'-je-ah) [\pvxv, mind; 0X705, pain]. 
Painful cerebration in melancholia. 

psychalia (si-ka'-le-ah) [1^11x17 » mind]. A morbid 
condition attended by hallucinations. 

psychanalysis (si-kan-al'-is-is) [^vxv, mind; analy- 
sis]. A method of obtaining from nervous patients, 
against their will, a knowledge of their past experi- 
ences. 

psychasthenia (si-kas-the'-ne-ah) [fivxv, mind; 
asthenia]. Mental fatigue. 

psyche (si'-ke) [^vxv> mind]. The brain and 
myelon considered as one organ; the cerebrospinal 
axis. 

psycheism (si'-ke-izm). Hypnotism. 

psychentonia {si-ken-to' -ne-ah) [^vxv, mind; Ivrovla, 
tension]. Mental strain or over-work. 

psychiater (si-ki'-at-er) tyvxh, mind; Larpos, a 
physician]. An alienist; one who cures mind- 
diseases. 

psychiatria (si-ki-a f -lre-ah). Same as psychiatry. 

psychiatric (si-ke-at 4 '-rik) [psychiatry]. Pertaining 
to psychiatry. 

psychiatrics {si-ke-at' -riks). See psychiatry. 

psychiatrist (si-ki'-at-rist). A specialist in psychi- 
atry. 

psychiatry (si-ki'-at-re) [psyche; larpeia, healing 
art]. The science and treatment of the diseases of 
the mind. 

psychic, psychical (si'-kik, si'-kik-al) [psyche]. 
Pertaining^ to the mind. p. blindness. See blind- 
ness, psychic, p. deafness. See deafness, psychic. 
p. infection, mental infection; the development of a 
mental condition or disease throvtgh an influence 
acting upon the mind. 

psychics (si'-kiks). The science of psychology. 

psychlampsia (si-klamp'-se-ah) [rpvxft, mind; XcW^s, 
a flashing]. Mania, viewed as a discharging phe- 
nomenon of perverted cerebral activity. 

psycho- (si-ko-) [ipvxv, mind]. A prefix denoting 
connection with the mind. 

psychoanalysis (si-ko-an-al'-is-is). See psychanaly- 
sis. 

psychoauditory, psychauditory (si-ko-aw'-dit-o-re, 
si-kaw'-dit-o-re) [psycho-; auditory]. Pertaining to 
the psychic perception of sound, p. area, the cor- 
tical area concerned in the conscious perception of 
sound. 

psychocoma (si-ko-ko'-mah) [psycho- ; coma]. Men- 
tal stupor. 

psychocortical (si-ko-kor'-tik-al) [psycho-; cortex]. 
Pertaining to that part of the cerebral cortex con- 
cerned in the conscious perception of sensations. 

psychodometer (si-ko-dom'-et-er) [psycho-; ddfc, 
way; pkrpov, measure]. An instrument for measuring 
the rapidity of psychic processes. 

psychodynamic (si-ko-di-nam'-ik). Pertaining to 
psychody namics . 

psychodynamics (si-ko-di-nam'-iks) [psycho-; dvva- 
fiis, power]. The science of the laws of mental 
activity. 

psychogenesis (si-ko-jen'-es-is) [psycho-; y weens, 
generation]. The development of mental charac- 
teristics. 

psychogeny {si-koj'-en-e) [psycho-; yevi/s, produc- 
ing]. The development of mind. 

psychogeusic (si-ko-gu'-sik) [psycho-; yev<ns, sense 
of taste]. # Pertaining to perception of taste. 

psychokinesia (si-ko-kin-e'-ze-ah) [psycho-; kLvt)<tis, 
movement]. Explosive or impulsive maniacal action, 
due to defective inhibition; psychlampsia. 

psychology (si-kol'-o-je) [psycho-; X670S, science]. 
The science having for its object the investigation 
of the mind or consciousness, p., abnormal, the 
study of all irregular or unusual mental phenomena, 
as illusions, hallucinations, trance, hypnotism, auto- 
matism, intoxication and psychic effects of drugs, 
telepathy, insanity, etc. Cf . psychopathology ; psychi- 
atry, p., experimental. See psychophysics. 

psychometry (si-kom'-et-re) [psycho-; pkrpov, a 
measure]. The measurement of the duration of 
psychic processes. 

psychomotor (si-ko-mo'-tor) [psycho-; mover e, to 
move]. Pertaining to voluntary movement, as the 
psychomotor area, disposed chiefly along each side 
of the central fissure. 

psychoneurology (si-ko-nu-roV-o-je). That part 
of neurology treating of mental action. 

psychoneurosis (si-ko-nu-ro'-sis) [psycho-; neuro- 
sis]. Mental disease not dependent on any organic 
lesion. 



PSYCHONOMY 



727 



PTOMAINEMIA 



psychonomy (si-kon'-o-me) [psycho- ; 6vop.a, name]. 
The science of the laws of mental action. 

psychonosema (si-ko-no-se'-mah) [psycho-; vba\vt\v, 
disease]. Any mental disease. 

psychooptic (si-ko-op'-tik) [psycho-; &ip, sight]. 
Pertaining to the psychic perception of light, p. 
area, the cortical area concerned in conscious per- 
ception of retinal impulses. 

psychoparesis (si-ko-par'-es-is) [psycho-; paresis]. 
Enfeeblement of the mind. 

psychopath (si'-ko-path) [psycho-; iraffos, disease]. 
A morally irresponsible person. 

psychopathia (si-ko-pa'-the-ah) [psycho-; iraBos, 
disease]. Psychopathy, p. chirurgicalis, a mania 
for being operated upon. p. sexualis, psychopathia 
characterized by perversion of the sexual functions. 

psychopathic (si-ko-path'-ik). Pertaining to psy- 
chopathy. 

psychopathist (si-kop'-ath-ist). Synonym of psy- 
chiatrist. 

psychopathology (si-ko-path-ol'-o-je) [psycho-; path- 
ology], i. The pathology of mental diseases. 2. The 
legal aspect of insanity. 

psychopathy (si-kop'-ath-e) [psycho-; irados, dis- 
ease]. Any disease of the mind. 

psychophysical (si-ko-fiz'-ik-al) [psychophysics]. 
Pertaining to psychophysics. p. law. See Fechner's 
law. 

psychophysics (si-ko-fiz'-iks) [psycho-; physical]. 
The study of mental processes by physical methods ; 
the study of the relation of stimuli to the sensations 
which they produce, especially the determination of 
the differences of stimulus required to produce recog- 
nizable differences of sensation; experimental psy- 
chology. 

psychophysiology (si-ko-fiz-e-ol'-o-je). Physiological 
psychology; mental physiology. 

psychoplasm (si'-ko-plazm) [psycho-; irXcurtia, 
anything formed]. In biology: "The sentient 
material out of which all forms of consciousness are 
evolved, incessantly fluctuating, incessantly re- 
newed." See protyl. 

psychoplegic (si-ko-ple'-jik) [psycho-; irk-nyi,, a 
blow]. A drug which acts by an elective affinity 
for the gray matter of the brain, lessening its ex- 
citability and suppressing its receptivity. 

psychorrhagia (si-ko-raj'-e-ah) [psycho-; priyvvvai, 
to break forth]. The death agony. 

psychosensory (si-ko-sen'-so-re) [psycho-; sensory]. 
Pertaining to or concerned in the conscious per- 
ception of sensory impulses. 

psychosexual (si-ko-seks'-u-aT). Relating to com- 
bined mental and sexual diseases. 

psychosin (si-ko'-sin) [ipvxv, mind]. A cerebrosid 
resembling sphingosin, occurring in brain-tissue. 

psychosis (si-ko'-sis) [psyche; pi., psychoses]. A 
A disease of the mind, especially one without demon- 
strable organic lesions. Any morbid mental state. 
p., Korsakoff's. See Korsakoff. 

psychosomatic (si-ko-so-mat'-ik) {psycho-; <rwp.a, 
body]. Relating to both soul and body. 

psychotherapeutic (si-ko-ther-ap-u'-tik). Pertain- 
ing to psychotherapeutics. 

psychotherapeutics (si-ko-ther-ap-u'-tiks) [psycho-; 
Oepawela, treatment]. The treatment of disease by 
mental influence, or by suggestion. 

psychotherapy (si-ko-ther'-ap-e) . Same as psycho- 
therapeutics. 

psychotic (si-kot'-ik). 1. Pertaining to psychosis. 
2. Analeptic. 

psychovisual (si-ko-vizj'-ii-al). Relating to sub- 
jective vision or to vision unaccompanied by stimu- 
lation of the retina. 

psychovital (si-ko-vi'-tal). Psychic and vital. 

psychralgia, psychroalgia (si-kral'-je-ah, si-kro- 
al'-je-ah) tyvxpos, cold; 0X70$, pain]. A morbid 
condition characterized by a painful subjective sense 
of cold. 

psychrapostema {si-krap-os'-te-mah) [xpvxpos, cold; 
awixTTrjfia, abscess]. Cold abscess. 

psychro- (si-kro-) [faxpos, cold]. A prefix meaning 
cold. 

psychroesthesia (si-kro-es-the'-ze-ah) [psychro-; 
aladriais, sensation]. Subjective sensation of cold. 

psychrolusia (si-kro-lu' -se-ah) [\pvxpfc, cold; \ovttv, 
to wash]. Cold bathing. 

psychrometer (si-krom'-et-er) [psychro-; p,krpov, a 
measure]. An instrument for determining the 
atmospheric moisture by estimating the amount of 
cold required to precipitate it. 



psychrophilic (si-kro-fil'-ik) [psychro-; <j>i\dv, to 
love]. Applied to microorganisms which develop 
best at room-temperature from 15 to 20 C. 

psychrophobia (si-kro-fo'-be-ah) [psychro-; <f>6fios, 
fear]. 1. Morbid dread of cold. 2. Morbid sensi- 
bility to cold. 

psychrophore (si'-kro-for) [psychro-; <pepeiv, to bear]. 
An instrument for applying cold to deeply seated 
parts, as a double-current catheter for applying cold 
to the posterior part of the urethra. 

psychrotherapy (si-kro-ther'-ap-e) [psychro-; Bepa- 
irela, treatment]. The treatment of disease by the 
use of cold. 

psydracia (si-dra'-se-ah) [\f/v8pa£, a blister; a pimple]. 
An old term for eczema. 

Pt. Chemical symbol of platinum. Abbreviation 
for pint. 

ptarmic (tar'-mik) [wrap/ios, a sneezing]. 1. Per- 
taining to the act of sneezing; sternutatory. 2. A 
substance that produces sneezing. 

ptelein (te'-le-in). An alcoholic extract from the 
root-bark of Ptelea trifoliata, used as a tonic and in 
dyspepsia. Dose 1-3 gr. (0.065-0.2 Gm.). 

pteleorrhine (tel'-e-or-in) [wreKeo, elm; pis, nose]. 
A term applied to the anterior nares when the aper- 
ture is asymmetric. 

ptenium, ptenum (te'-ne-um, te'-num) [-KTrivos, 
winged]. A name given to osmium because of its 
volatility. 

pteric (ter'-ik). Pertaining to the pterion. 

pterion (te'-re-on). See under craniometric point. 

pterna (ter'-nah) [irrepva, the heel]. The calcaneum. 

ptero- (ter'-o-) [irrepov, wing]. A prefix to denote 
resemblance to a wing, or wing-shaped. 

pterygial (ter-ij'-e-al) [dim. of irrkpvZ, wing]. Per- 
taining to a pterygium. 

pterygium (ter-ij'-e-um) [dim. of irrepv£, wing]. 
A triangular patch of mucous membrane growing 
on the conjunctiva, usually on the nasal side of the 
eye. The apex of the patch points toward the pupil, 
the fan-shaped base toward the canthus. 

pterygo- (ter'-ig-o-) [irrkpvt, a wing]. A prefix 
denoting connection with or relating to the pterygoid 
process. 

pterygoid (ter'-ig-oid) [irrepv£, wing; elSos, like]. 
1. Wing-shaped, as the pterygoid plate of the sphenoid 
bone. 2. Pertaining to the pterygoid canal, ptery- 
goid plate, pterygoid plexus, etc. p. fossa, the notch 
separating the external and internal plates of the 
pterygoid process of the sphenoid. See muscles, 
table of. 

pterygoma (ter-ig-o'-mah) [pterygo-; 6p,a, tumor]. 
1. A chronic swelling of the labia minora which 
interferes with coitus. 2. The lobe of the ear. 

pterygomaxillary (ter-ig-o-maks'-il-a-re) [pterygoid ; 
maxillary]. Pertaining to the pterygoid process and 
the maxilla, p. fissure, an elongated fissure formed 
by the divergence of the superior maxillary bone 
from the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone. 
p. ligament. See ligament, pterygomaxillary. 

pterygopalatine (ter-ig-o-pal'-at-in) [pterygoid ; pala- 
tine]. Situated between the pterygoid plate of the 
sphenoid bone and the palate bone, as the pterygo- 
palatine canal. 

pterygopharyngeus (ter-ig-o-far-in'-je-us) [pterygo- ; 
pharynx], 1. Synonym of palatopharyngeus. 2. The 
part of the superior constrictor of the pharynx which 
arises from the internal pterygoid plate. 

pterygospinous (ter-ig-o-spi'-nus) [pterygo-; spino- 
sus, spinous]. Pertaining to a pterygoid process 
and to the spine of the sphenoid. 

pterygotemporal (ter-ig-o-tem' -po-ral) [pterygo- ; 
tempus, temple]. Pertaining to the pterygoid pro- 
cess and the temporal bone. 

ptiloma (ti-lo'-mah) [-wtLXov, down]. The part of 
the eyelid deprived of its cilia by ptilosis. 

ptilosis (ti-lo'-sis) [tttLKov, feather]. Loss of the 
hair, especially loss of the eyelashes. 

ptisan (tiz'-an) [irTLaavrj, peeled barley]. 1. Barley- 
water. 2. A decoction of barley used as a medicinal 
drink. Syn., tisane. 

ptoma (to'-mah) [irrup-a]. Cadaver. 

ptomaine (to'-ma-en, or to'-man) [irT&iia, corpse]. 
A basic compound resembling the alkaloids, formed 
by the action of bacteria on animal and vegetable 
tissues; a putrefactive or animal alkaloid. Some 
ptomaines are highly poisonous. 

ptomainemia, ptomainaemia (to-ma-in-e'-me-ah) 
[ptomaine; alp.a, blood]. The presence of ptomaines 
in the blood. 



PTOMATINE 



728 



PULLED ELBOW 



ptomatine (to' -mat- en). Synonym of ptomaine. 

ptomatinuria (to-mat-in-u'-re-ah) [ptomaine; ovpov, 
urine]. The presence of ptomaines in the urine. 

ptomatopsia {to-mat-op' -se-ah) [pioma; 6\{/is, view]. 
The examination of the cadaver; necropsy. 

ptomatropine (to-maf -ro-pen) . A ptomaine found 
in decomposing meat, in the organs of persons dead of 
typhoid fever, etc. It resembles atropine in its 
ohysiological and chemical properties. 

ptomatropism (to-mat' -ro-pizm). See zoolropho- 
toxism tropeinicus. 

ptosis (to'-sis) [irLtTTeiv, to fall]. Drooping of the 
upper eyelid, due to paralysis or atrophy of the 
levator palpebral superioris. The term is also 
applied to abnormal depression of other organs; 
prolapse, p., abdominal, enteroptosis; Glenard's 
disease, p. iridis, prolapse of the iris. p. sympa- 
thetica, ptosis in connection with paresis of the cervi- 
cal sympathetic nerve and associated with miosis 
and vasomotor paralysis of the side of the face 
affected. 

ptotic (tot'-ik). Affected with or pertaining to ptosis. 

ptyalagogue (ti-al'-a-gog) [irrvaKov, spittle; £705705, 
leading]. A medicine producing an increased flow 
of saliva. A sialagogue. 

ptyalin (ti'-al-in) [irrvaKov, saliva]. A diastatic 
ferment found in saliva, having the property of 
converting starch into dextrin and sugar. The 
starch first becomes converted into achroodextrin 
and erythrodextrin; these by hydration into maltose, - 
and the latter, by further hydration, into dextrose. 

ptyalinogen (ti-al-in'-o-jen) [ptyalin; yewav, to 
produce]. The hypothetical antecedent of ptyalin. 

ptyalism, p., mercurial (ti'-al-izm) [irrvaKov, 
saliva]. Salivation. 

ptyalith (ti'-al-ith) [irrvaKov, saliva; At0os, stone]. 
A salivary calculus. 

ptyalize (ti'-al-lz) [irrvaKov, saliva]. To produce 
ptyalism. 

ptyalocele (ti'-al-o-sel) [irrvaKov, saliva; k^Ai?, 
tumor]. A cyst due to obstruction of the duct of a 
salivary gland. 

ptyalogogue (ti-al'-o-gog) [irrvaKov, spittle; 470765, 
leading]. A medicine causing a flow of saliva. 

ptyalolith (ti'-al-o-lith) [irrvaKov, saliva; Xi'0os, 
stone]. A salivary calculus. 

ptyalolithiasis (ti-al-o-lith-i'-as-is). The formation 
or presence of a salivary calculus. 

ptyalose (ti'-al-os) [irrvaKov, saliva]. A sugar 
found in saliva; it is identical with maltose. 

ptysis (ti'-sis) [tttwis]. The act of spitting. 

ptysma (tiz'-mah) [wrva-fia]. Saliva. 

ptysmagogue (tiz'-mag-og) [irrvo-na, spittle; 670)765, 
leading]. A drug that promotes the secretion of 
saliva; a ptyalagogue, or sialagogue. 

ouben (pu'-ben) [pubes]. Belonging to the pubes 
in itself. 

puber (pii'-bur) [L., an adult]. One who has 
arrived at the age of puberty. 

puberal (pu'-ber-al) [puber,' adult]. Relating to 
puberty. 

pubertas (pu-ber'-tas) [L.]. Puberty, p. plena, 
complete puberty, p. praecox, puberty at a very 
early age. 

puberty (pu'-ber-te) [pubertas, from puber, adult]. 
1. The period at which the generative organs become 
capable of exercising the function of reproduction, 
signalized in the boy by a change of voice and 
discharge of semen, in the girl by the appearance of 
the menses. 

pubes (pii'-bez) [L.]. 1. The pubic hair. 2. The 
hairy region covering the os pubis. 3. The os pubis 
or pubic bone; that portion of the innominate bone 
forming the front of the pelvis. 

pubescence (pu-bes'-ens) [pubescentia]. 1. Hairi- 
ness; the presence of fine soft hairs. 2. Puberty, 
or the coming on of puberty. 

pubescent (pu-bes'-ent) [pubes], .1. Downy, or 
hairy. 2. Approaching or arriving at the age of 
puberty, p. uterus, an abnormality of the uterus in 
which the characters of that organ peculiar to the 
epoch preceding puberty persist in the adult. 

pubetrotomy (pu-be-trot'-o-me) [pubes; r^rpov, pelvis; 
tomi7, a cutting]. Pelvic section through the pubes. 

pubic (pu'-bik) [pubes]. Pertaining to the pubes. 
p. bone, the os pubis. 

pubiotomy (pu-be-ot'-o-me) [pubes; tow, a cutting]. 
The operation of dividing the pubic bone to facili- 
tate delivery in cases of pelvic malformation. See 
also symphyseotomy. 



pubis (pii'-bis) [gen. of pubes]. 1. Os pubis; the 
pubic bone. 2. One of the pubic hairs. 

pubo- (pu'-bo-) [pubes]. A prefix denoting rela- 
tion to the pubes. 

pubocapsular (pu-bo-kap' -su-lar) . Pertaining to 
the os pubis and the capsule of the hip-joint. 

pubococcygeal (pu-bo-kok-sij'-e-al). Pertaining, or 
having relation to the os pubis and the cocyx. 

pubofemoral (pii-bo-fem'-or-al) [pubo-; femur]. 
Pertaining to the os pubis and the femur. 

puboprostatic (pu-bo-pros-tat'-ik) [pubo-; prostate]. 
Pertaining to the os pubis and the prostate gland. 

pubotibial (pu-bo-tib' -e-al) [pubo-; tibia]. Per- 
taining to the os pubis and the tibia. 

pubovesical (pu-bo-ves'-ik-al) [pubo-; vesica, blad- 
der]. Pertaining to the os pubis and bladder. 

puccin (puk'-sin). A substance found in San- 
guinaria canadensis. Its exact nature is unknown. 

pudenda (pu-den'-dah). Plural of pudendum, q. v. 

pudendagra (pu-den-da'-grah) [pudenda; ay pa, 
a seizure]. 1. Pain in the genital organs. 2. Pri- 
mary syphilis, especially of the female genital organs. 
p. pruriens, pruritus vulvae. 

pudendal (pu-den'-dal) [pudenda]. Pertaining to 
the pudenda. 

pudendum (pu-den'-dum) [pudere, to be ashamed]. 
The external genital organs especially of the woman, 
generally used in the plural, pudenda, p. muliebre, 
the vulva. 

pudic (pu'-dik) [pudenda]. Pertaining to the pu- 
denda, as the pudic artery. 

puericulture (pii-er-e-kul'-tur) [puer, a child; 
cultura, culture]. That branch of hygiene which 
deals with the rearing of children and the care of 
women during pregnancy that they may bring forth 
healthy offspring. 

puerile (pu'-er-il) [puer, a child]. Pertaining to 
childhood. Childish, p. respiration, exaggerated 
breath-sounds with expiration prolonged and high- 
pitched, such as is heard in healthy children. 

puerpera (pu-er'-pe-rah) [puer, child; par ere, to 
bear]. A woman who is in labor or has recently been 
delivered. 

puerperal (pu-er'-pe-ral) [puerpera]. Pertaining 
to, caused by, or following childbirth, as puerperal 
convulsions, puerperal eclampsia, p. fever, an acute, 
febrile disease of women in childbed, due to septic 
infection, p. insanity, insanity occurring during the 
puerperium, usually within five or ten days after 
delivery. It may take the form of mania (puerperal 
mania), melancholia (puerperal melancholia), or 
dementia {puerperal dementia). 

puerperalism (pu-er'-per-al-izm). A comprehen- 
sive term for all the pathological conditions incident 
to the puerperal state, p., infantile, any pathologic 
condition incident to the newborn, p., infectious, 
puerperal disease due to infection. 

puerperant (pu-er'-per-ant). See puerpera. 

puerperium (pu-er-pe'-re-um) [puerpera], 1. The 
state of a woman in labor or of one who has just 
been delivered. 2. The period from delivery to the 
time when the uterus has regained its normal size 
which is about six weeks. 

puerperous (pu-er'-per-us). Same as puerperal. 

puffball. See Lycoperdon. 

puffiness (puf'-in-es). Swelling or intumescence 
of the tissues; an edematous condition. 

pugil, pugillus (pu'-jil, pu-jil'-us) [L.]. A handful. 

puking (pu'-king) [origin obscure]. Vomiting. 
p. fever. Synonym of milk-sickness. 

Pulex (pu'-leks) [L„ flea: pi., pulices]. A genus 
of insects partly parasitic on the skin of man and 
animals. P. cheopis, the rat flea, supposed to convey 
the plague infection from rats to man. P. fasciatus, 
the rat flea. P. irritans, a species common in Europe 
and parasitic on the skin of man; its bite causes 
severe itching and localized swelling. P. penetrans, 
the chigoe, or jigger-flea, a species the female of 
which burrows under the skin of the feet to deposit 
its ova, producing a severe irritation that may pro- 
ceed to serious inflammations. 

pulicaris (pu-lik-a'-ris) [pulex]. Marked with 
little spots like flea-bites, p. morbus, a name for 
typhus, applied because of the petechias which occur 
in that disease. 

pulicatio (pu-lik-a'-she-o) [pulex, flea]. The state 
of being infested with fleas. 

pulled elbow (puld el' -bo). A condition in which 
the head of the radius has been dislodged from the 
orbicular ligament. 



PULLING 



729 



PULSE 



pulling (pul'-ing). One of the Swedish movements 
that may be either active or passive. 

pullulate (pul'-u-lat) [pullulare, to put forth]. 
To' germinate, to bud. 

pullulation (pul-u-la' -shun) [pullulare, to put forth; 
to bud ; to sprout]. The act of sprouting or budding, 
a mode of reproduction seen, e. g., in the yeast- 
plant. 

pulmo (pul'-mo) [L.: pi., pulmones}. Lung. 

pulmoaortic (pul-mo-a-or'-tik) [pulmo; aorta]. I. 
Pertaining to the lungs and the aorta. 2. Pertaining 
to the pulmonary artery and the aorta. 

pulmometer (pul-mom'-et-er). An instrument for 
measuring the lung capacity; a spirometer. 

pulmometry {pul-mom'-et-re) [pulmo; fxkrpov, mea- 
sure]. The determination of the volume of the lungs; 
spirometry. 

pulmonary {pul'-mon-a-re) [pulmo t a lung]. Per- 
taining to or affecting the lungs, as pulmonary 
arteries, pulmonary emphysema. 

pulmonectomy (pul-mon-ek' -to-me) . See pneu- 
monectomy. 

pulmonic (pul-mon'-ik) [pulmonary], 1. Pertaining 
to the lungs; pulmonary. 2. Pertaining to the 
pulmonary artery, as pulmonic valves. 3. Pro- 
duced at the pulmonic valve, as pulmonic murmur. 
p. circulation, the passage of the blood from the 
right ventricle to the lungs and back to the left 
auricle, p. fever, croupous pneumonia. 

pulmonin (puV -man-in). An organo therapeutic 
preparation made from calves' lungs, and used in 
pulmonary affections. 

pulmonitis (pul-mon-i'-tis). Synonym of pneu- 
monia. 

pulmotor (pul-mo'-tor) [pulmo, lung; motor]. An 
apparatus for resuscitating persons who have been 
asphyxiated ; it expels the gas from the lungs, intro- 
duces oxygen, and automatically establishes artificial 
respiration. 

pulp [pulp]. 1. The soft, fleshy part of fruit. 
2. The soft part in the interior of an organ, as the 
pulp of the spleen, the pulp of a tooth. 3. Chyme. 
p.-cavity, the hollow space in a tooth containing the 
dental pulp, p.-cells, cells found in the pulp-tissue 
of any organ, p., dental, a soft tissue filling the 
pulp-cavity of a tooth. It consists of loose connective 
tissue and cells, vessels, and nerves. Also the rudi- 
ment of a tooth, p., digital, the sensitive, elastic, 
convex prominence on the palmar or plantar surface 
of the terminal phalanx of a finger or toe. p. of the 
finger. See p., digital, p., hair. Synonym of 
papilla, hair. p. of the intervertebral discs, the soft 
substance in the center of the intervertebral discs, 
the remains of the chorda dorsalis. p., spleen, p., 
splenic, the substance filling the spaces formed by 
the trabeculae of the spleen. See spleen, p. of a 
tooth. See p., dental. 

pulpar (pul'-par). Pertaining to pulp. 

pulpation (pulp-a'-shun) . See pulpef action. 

pulpefaction (pul-pe-fak'-shun) [pulp; facer e, to 
make]. Conversion into a pulpy substance. 

pulpitis (pul-pi'-tis) [pulp; tris, inflammation]. 
Inflammation of the dental pulp. 

pulpy (pul'-pe) [pulp]. Resembling pulp; charac- 
teiized by the formation of a substance resembling 
pulp. 

pulque (pul'-ke) [Sp.]. A fermented beverage 
prepared in Mexico from the juice of various species 
of Agave, p. brandy. See mezcal. p. plant. See 
Agave. 

pulsate (pul'-sat) [pulsare, to beat]. To beat or 
throb. 

pulsatile (pul'-sat-iV) [pulsare, to strike]. Pulsat- 
ing; throbbing. 

Pulsatilla (pul-sat-iV -ah) [L.]. The herb of Ane- 
mone Pulsatilla and of Anemone pratensis, of the 
order Ranunculacece, containing a crystalline prin- 
ciple, anemonin, C15H12O3. Pulsatilla is employed 
in amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, and in inflammation 
of mucous membranes. Anemonin is used in bron- 
chitis and asthma. Dose £ gr. (0.022 Gm.). Dose 
of Pulsatilla in powder 2-3 gr. (0.13-0.2 Gm.). 

pulsating (pul'-sa-ting) [see pulsation]. Exhibiting 
pulsation, p. aorta, the pulsation of the abdominal 
aorta seen in nervous and anemic persons, p. 
empyema, an accumulation of pus in the pleural 
cavity that transmits the pulsations of the heart. 

pulsation (pul-sa'-shun) [pulsatio, from pulsare, 
to strike]. A beating or throbbing, p., suprasternal, 
pulsation at the suprasternal notch. It may be 



due to aneurysm, a dilated aortic arch, or the presence 
of an anomalous artery. 

pulse, pulsus (puis, puls'-us) [pulsus, the pulse]. 

1. The intermittent change in the shape of an 
artery due to an increase in the tension of its walls 
following the contraction of the heart. The pulse is 
usually counted at the wrist (radial pulse), but may 
be taken over any artery that is palpable, as the 
temporal, brachial, femoral, dorsalis pedis, etc. 

2. [tt6\tos, a thick pap made of meal.] Leguminous 
plants or their seeds, as beans, peas, etc. p., alter- 
nating, pulsus alternans, a variety in which a large 
pulsation alternates with a small one. p., anacrotic, 
one the sphygmographic tracing of which is charac- 
terized by notches in the ascending limb, p., anatri- 
crotic, one with three breaks in the ascending limb. 
p., angry. Synonym of p., wiry, p., ardent, one 
with a quick, full wave which seems to strike the 
finger at a single point, p., bigeminal, pulsus bi- 
geminus, one in which the beats occur in pairs, so 
that the longer pause follows every two beats, p.- 
breath, a peculiar audible pulsation of the breath 
corresponding to the heart-beats ; observed in cases of 
dry cavities of the lungs, with thick walls not separ- 
ated from the heart by permeable lung tissue, p., 
capillary, an intermittent filling and emptying of the 
capillaries of the skin. It is common in aortic 
regurgitation, and is seen under the finger-nail or 
on the forehead, pulsus celer, a quick, short pulse. 
p., caprizant, goat-leap pulse, q. v. p., catacrotic, 
one with an elevation in the line of descent in the 
sphygmographic tracing, pulsus celer et altus, a 
quick, full pulse, seen especially in aortic regurgita- 
tion, p., contracted, a small pulse with high tension. 
p.-clock, a sphygmograph. p., cordy, a tense pulse. 
p., Corrigan's. See Corrigan's pulse, p.-curve, the 
tracing of the pulse, called a sphygmogram, made by 
the sphygmograph. p., decurtate, a progressively 
decreasing pulse, p., depressed, a pulse both deep 
and weak, p., dicrotic, one in which the dicrotic 
wave or recoil wave is exaggerated. It is observed 
when the arterial tension is low, and gives to the 
finger the impression of two beats, p., entoptic, 
the subjective illumination of a dark visual field 
with each heart-beat, a condition sometimes noted 
after violent exercise, and due to the mechanical 
irritation of the rods by the pulsating retinal arteries. 
p., febrile, that characteristic of fever: full, soft, and 
frequent, and exhibiting a well-marked dicrotism. 
p., formicant, a small, feeble pulse likened to the move- 
ments of ants, p., frequent, pulsus frequens, one 
recurring at short intervals and differing from a 
quick pulse, in which the pulse-wave has a quick 
rise, p., full, one in which the artery is filled with 
a large volume of blood and conveys a feeling of 
being distended, p., funic, the arterial tide in the 
umbilical cord, p., gaseous, a full, compressible 
pulse, p., goat-leap, a pulse marked by a weak 
pulsation succeeding a strong one. p., hard, one 
characterized by high tension and rigidity, p., 
high-tension, one due to increase of the peripheral 
resistance, together with a corresponding increase in 
the force of the ventricular systole. It is gradual 
in its impulse, long in duration, slow in subsiding, 
with difficulty compressible, and the artery between 
the beats feels like a firm round cord, p., hyperdi- 
crotic, p., hyperdicrotous, a pulse of which the aortic 
notch falls below the base line, indicating very low 
tension, a symptom of great exhaustion, p., infre- 
quent, one the rhythm of which is slower than normal; 
*'. e., in which the heart-beats are fewer in a given 
time than normal, p., intermittent, one in which 
one or more beats are dropped, p., intricate, an 
irregular, small, infrequent pulse, p., irregular, 
one in which the beats occur at irregular intervals, 
or in which the force, or both rhythm and force, 
varies, p., jarring. See p., vibrating, p., jerky, 
a pulse in which the artery is suddenly and markedly 
distended, as in aortic regurgitation, p., jugular, 
pulsation of the jugular veins in the neck. It is due 
to tricuspid regurgitation, p., locomotive. Syno- 
nym of Corrigan's pulse, p., low-tension, one 
sudden in its onset, short, and quickly declining. It 
is easily obliterated by pressure, p., monocrotic, 
one in which dicrotism is entirely absent, p., para- 
doxic, pulsus paradoxus, one that is weaker during 
inspiration, a condition sometimes observed in 
adherent pericardium, p., polycrotic, one with more 
than two rhythms for each heart beat, p.-pressure, 
the difference between the systolic and diastolic 



PULSELESS 



730 



PUPIL 



pressure, pulsus quadrigeminus, p. trigeminus, a 
pulse in which a pause occurs after every fourth or 
third beat respectively, p., quick, one that strikes 
the finger rapidly, but also leaves it rapidly, p.- 
rate, the number of pulsations of an artery in a 
minute, p., retrosternal, a venous pulse believed 
to be due to the pulsation of the left innominate vein, 
perceived on depressing the integument of the 
suprasternal notch, p., running, a very weak, 
frequent pulse with low tension in the arteries, one 
pulse-wave running into the next with no apparent 
interval; it is observed after hemorrhage, p., senile, 
one characteristic of old age. The secondary 
waves on the descending line of the sphygmogram 
are prominent and the first descending wave rela- 
tively large, p., shabby, an ill-defined pulse due to 
weak heart and relaxed arteries, p., shuttle, one 
in which the wave passes under the finger as if 
floating something solid with a fluid, p., slow, one 
indicating a lengthened systolic contraction of the 
heart and prolonged diastole — often used to signify 
a pulse of slow rate, p., soft, a pulse that is readily 
compressed, p., supradicrotic, a dicrotic pulse in 
which the dicrotic wave resembles the cardiac beat, 
pulsus tardus, a slow pulse, p., thready, one that is 
scarcely perceptible, feeling like a thread under the 
finger, p., tricrotic, a pulse in which the three 
waves normally present are abnormally distinct. 
p., venous, a pulse observed in a vein, p., vermicu- 
lar, a pulse imitating the movement of a worm, p., 
vibrating, pulsus vibrans, a tense pulse with a wave 
arising quickly, giving the impression under the finger 
of the vibrations of a piece of tense catgut, p., 
water-hammer. See Corrigan's pulse, p. wave, the 
condition of expansion that begins with each cardiac 
systole and is propagated along the aorta and the 
arteries ending normally at the capillaries, p., wiry, 
a small rapid, tense pulse, feeling like a cord under 
the finger. It is observed in acute peritonitis. 

pulseless (puls'-les). Devoid of pulse or pulsa- 
tion. 

pulsellum (pul-sel'-um) [pulsellum, dim. of pulsus, 
a beating: pi., pulsella]. A propulsive filament; a 
modified form of flagellum. 

pulsimeter {pul-sim'-et-er) [pulse; tikrpov, a mea- 
sure]. An instrument for determining the rate or 
force of the pulse. 

pulsometer (pul-som'-et-er). Same as pulsimeter. 

pulsus (pul'-sus). A pulse, q. v. 

pultaceous (pul-ta'-shus) [pulp]. Having the 
consistence of pulp; mushy; soft. 

pulv. Abbreviation of Latin pulvis, powder. 

pulver (pul'-ver). See pulvis. 

pulveres (pul'-ver-ez). Plural of pulvis. 

pulverfiator (pul-ver-fla'-tor) [pulvis, powder; 
flare, to blow]. An instrument designed for blowing 
or spraying impalpable powders. 

pulverization (pul-ver-i-za'-shun) [pulvis, powder]. 
The act of reducing a substance to powder. 

pulverize (pul'-ver-iz) [pulvis, powder]. To reduce 
to a powder. 

pulverulence (pul-ver'-u-lenz). The condition of 
being reduced to powder. 

pulverulent (pul-ver'-u-lent). Resembling or of 
the nature of a powder. 

pulvillus (pul-vil'-us) [L., "a little cushion"]. An 
olive-shaped pad of lint used in plugging deep wounds. 

pulvinar (pul-vi'-nar) [L., "couch"], i. The 
posterior tubercle of the thalamus opticus. 2. The 
fatty mass that occupies a part of the acetabulum. 
3. A surgical pad. 4. A medicated cushion. 

pulvinate {pul '-vin-at) [pulvinus, a cushion]. 1. 
With a convex surface said of bacterial cultures. 
2. Same as pulvinar. 

pulvis [L.; pi., pulveres]. A powder, p. acetanilidi 
compositus (U. S. P.), a mixture of acetanilid, caffeine, 
and sodium bicarbonate, p. aromaticus (U. S. P.), 
a mixture of cinnamon, ginger, nutmeg, and carda- 
mom seeds; used as a carminative. Dose 10-30 gr. 
(0.65-2.0 Gm.). p. cretae compositus (U. S. P.), 
consists of prepared chalk, powdered acacia, and 
sugar, and is used as a mild astringent. Dose 10 gr.- 
1 dr. (0.65-4.0 Gm.). p. effervescens compositus 
(U. S. P.), Seidlitz powder, a preparation consisting 
of two powders: the white paper contains 35 gr. 
of tartaric acid, the blue paper, 40 gr. of sodium 
bicarbonate and 2 dr. of Rochelle salt. p. glycyr- 
rhizas compositus (U. S. P.), consists of senna, licorice, 
oil of fennel, washed sulphur, sugar; it is used as a 
laxative. Dose 5-2 dr. (2-8 Gm.). p. ipecacuanhas 



et opii (U. S. P.). See opium, powder of ipecac and. 
p. jalapae compositus (U. S. P.), consists of jalap, 
35 parts; potassium bitartrate, 65 parts; it is used 
as a hydragogue cathartic. Dose f-i dr. (2-4 Gm.). 
p. morphinae compositus (U. S. P.), consists of 
morphine sulphate, camphor, glycyrrhiza, precipi- 
tated calcium carbonate, and alcohol. Dose 7! gr. 
(0.5 Gm.). p. rhei compositus (U. S. P.), consists of 
rhubarb, magnesia, and ginger; it is used as a mild 
laxative. Dose |-i dr. (2-4 Gm.). 

pumex (pu'-meks) [spumex, foam]. See pumice. 

pumice {pum'-is) [pumex]. Pumice-stone, used 
as a detergent for the skin and an ingredient in some 
dentifrices. 

pumiline (pu'-mil-en). The oil from the young 
branches of Pinus pumilio. 

pump. An apparatus either drawing up a liquid 
into its hollow chamber, or, after sucking up the 
liquid, forcibly ejecting it from one end. p., air-, 
one used to exhaust the air from a chamber or to 
force more air into a chamber already filled with air. 
p., Alvegniat's. See under Alvegniat. p., breast-, 
a pump for removing milk from the breast, p., 
dental, one for removing saliva during dental opera- 
tions, p., stomach-, one for removing the contents 
of the stomach in cases of poisoning. 

pumpkin-seed. The seed of Cucurbita pepo of the 
order Cucurbitacecs. The seed pepo (U. S. P.) is 
used against tape-worm. Dose 4 oz. (130 Cc). 

puncta (punk'-tah) [pi. of punctum, a point]. See 
punctum. p. dolorosa, tender or painful points 
at the exit or in the course of nerves the seat of 
neuralgia; also called Valeix's points, p. lacrimalia, 
the orifices of the lacrimal canaliculi in the eyelids 
near the inner canthus. p. vasculosa, minute 
red spots studding the cut surface of the white 
central mass of the brain. They are produced by 
the blood escaping from divided blood-vessels. 

punctate, punctated (punk'-tat, punk' -ta-ted) [punc- 
tum, point]. Dotted; full of minute punctures. 

puncticulum (punk-tik'-u-lum) [dim. of punctum, 
a point; pi., puncticula]. A small point; petechia. 

punctiform (punk'-tif-orm) [punctum, point; forma, 
form], 1. Having the nature or qualities of a 
point; seeming to be located at a point; as a puncti- 
form sensation. 2. Denoting very minute colonies, 
in bacteriology. 

punctum (punk'-tum) [L.]. A point, p. caecum. 
See blind spot. p. lacrimale. See puncta lacrimalia. 
p. proximum. See near-point, p. remotum. See 
far-point, p. saliens, the first trace of the embryonic 
heart. 

puncture (punk'-chur) [pungere, to prick] ._ 1. A 
hole made by a pointed instrument, p., diabetic, 
puncture of the fourth ventricle, which produces 
glycosuria, p., exploratory, the puncture of a cyst 
or cavity for removal of a portion of its contents for 
examination, p., lumbar, puncture of the spinal 
canal for the withdrawal of cerebrospinal fluid for 
examination or for the relief of abnormal tension; 
first suggested by Quincke, p., spinal. See p., 
lumbar. 

punctured (punk'-turd) [puncture]. Produced by 
a prick, as a punctured wound. 

pungent (pun'-jent) [pungere, to prick]. Acrid; 
penetrating; producing a pricking or painful sensa- 
tion. 

Punica (pu'-nik-ah) [punicum, the pomegranate]. 
A genus of polypelatous plants. P. granatum. See 
pomegranate. 

puniceous (pu-nish'-us) [puniceus, red]. Bright- 
carmin color. 

punicin (pii'-nis-in) [puniceus, reddish]. 1. A 
crystalline coloring-matter obtained from the color- 
less juices of certain kinds of shell-fish (Purpura 
lapellus, P. patula); on exposure to the sunlight it 
becomes of a purple color. 

punicine (pu'-nis-eri) . Synonym of pelletierine % 

punktograph (punk'-to-graf) [punctum, point; 
ypa4>eiv, to record]. A radiographic instrument for 
the surgical localization of foreign bodies, as bullets 
embedded in the tissues. 

pupa (pu'-pah) [pupa, a girl, doll, puppet: pi., 
pupa]. In biology, the second stage of development 
from the egg, of such insects as undergo complete 
metamorphosis. 

pupal (pu'-pal) [pupa, a doll]. Pertaining to a 
pupa. 

pupil (pu'-pil) [pupilla, a little girl; the name 
is believed to be derived from the small images seen 



PUPILLA1 



731 



PUS 



in the pupil]. The aperture in the iris of the eye 
for the passage of light, p., Argyll Robertson. See 
Argyll Robertson pupil, p., artificial, an aperture 
made by iridectomy when the normal pupil is oc- 
cluded, p., cat's-eye, an elongated, slit-like pupil. 
p., multiple, the presence of bands dividing the pupil 
into several portions due to persistence of portions 
of the fetal pupillary membrane, p., pinhole, ex- 
treme miosis. 

pupilla (pu-pil'-ah) [L.]. The pupil of the eye. 

pupillary (pii'-pil-a-re) [pupil]. Pertaining to 
the pupil, p. membrane. See membrane, pupillary. 
p. membrane, persistent. See under membrane, 
pupillary, p. reflex. See under reflex. 

pupillometer (pu-pil-om'-et-er) [pupil]. An instru- 
ment for measuring the pupil of the eye. 

pupilloscopy (pu-pil-os'-ko-pe) [pupil; o-Ko-rrelv, to 
inspect], i. Examination of the pupil. 2. Retino- 
scopy. 

pupillostatometer (pu-pil-o-stat-om'-e-ter) [pupilla, 
pupil; o-rdros, placed; ukrpov, a measure]. An instru- 
ment for measuring the exact distance between the 
centers of the two pupils. 

pural (pu'-ral). Trade name of a disinfecting 
agent consisting of powdered wood charcoal, saturated 
with a mixture of menthol, carbolic and benzoic 
acids, and compressed into cylinders, which are 
ignited for disinfection. 

Purdy's solution (pur'-de) [Charles Wesley Purdy, 
American physician, 1846-1901]. A modification 
of Fehling's solution for the quantitative estimation 
of glucose. Solution I: pure crystallized copper 
sulphate, 4.158 gm.; distilled water, q. s. ad 500 c.c. 
Solution II: Rochelle salt, 20.4 gm.; pure potassium 
hydroxide, 20.4 gm.; ammonium hydroxide (sp. gr. 
0.88), 300 c.c; distilled water, q. s. ad 500 c.c. 
Mix 5 c.c. of each solution and this mixture will 
indicate 0.005 gm. of glucose. 

pure (pur). Unstained; unalloyed. 

purgament, purgamentum (per'-gam-ent, per-gam- 
en'-tum) [pur gar e, to purge: pi., purgamenta]. 1. A 
purge. 2. In the plural, the lochia; also, excrement. 

purgatin, purgatol (pur'-ga-tin, -ol). See anthra- 
purpurin^ diacetate. 

t purgation (pur-ga'-shun) [purge]. 1. The evacua- 
tion of the bowels by means of purgatives. 2. Cleans- 
ing. 

purgative {pur'-ga-tiv) [purge]. 1. Producing pur- 
gation. 2. A drug producing copious evacuations 
of the bowel. 

purge (pur 3) [pur gar e, to purge]. 1. To cause free 
evacuation of the bowel. 2. A drug that causes 
free evacuation of the bowel. 

purgen (pur'-jen). See phenolphthalein. 

purgerine (pur'-jer-en). A proprietary syrup of 
senna ; laxative. 

purging nut. Curcas, the seed of Jatropha purgans 
or J. curcas, having cathartic properties. Syn., 
Barbados nut. 

purified (pu'-rif-id) [purus, pure; facer e, to make]. 
Cleansed ; freed from extraneous matter. 

puriform (pu' -re-form) [pus; forma, form]. Re- 
sembling pus. 

purin (pu'-rin). A synthesized substance (C5H4N4) 
from which may be derived a series of compounds 
known as xanthin bases, and uric acid, p.-bases, 
p.-bodies, those derived from purin by simple 
substitution of the various hydrogen atoms by 
hydroxyl, amide, or alkyl groups; e. g., adenin, hypo- 
xanthin, guanin, xanthin, and the methylxanthins, 
theobromine, caffeine, etc., together with uric acid. 
p.s, endogenous, those originating from nuclein 
cleavage during metabolic processes, p.s, exogenous, 
those derived from the purin-bodies of food-stuffs. 

purinemia, purinaemia (pu-rin-e'-me-ah) [purin; 
aly.o., blood]. The presence of purin bodies in the 
blood. 

purinometer (pu-rin-om' -et-er) [purin; ukrpov, a 
measure]. An apparatus consisting of a graduated 
separator with a uniform bore for the clinical esti- 
mation of urinary purins. 

Purkinje's cells (poor-kin' -ye) [Johannes Evan- 
gelista Purkinje, Bohemian anatomist and physi- 
ologist, 1787-1869]. Large ganglion-cells of the 
cerebellar cortex, disposed as a single row at the 
junction of the nuclear and the molecular layer, 
and presenting pyriform or flask-shaped bodies, 
60-70 n in their longest diameter. P.'s corpuscles, 
the lacuna? of bone. P.'s fibers, anastomosing mus- 
cular fibers found in the subendocardial tissue of 



some animals. They are made up of polyhedral 
nucleated cells, the margins of which consist of fine, 
transversely striated fibers. P.'s figures, the dark 
lines which are seen on a yellow back-ground when a 
candle is held a short distance from the eye in a 
darkened room. They are produced by the retinal 
vessels. P.'s granular layer. See Czermak's inter- 
globular spaces. P.'s images, three pairs of images 
of one object seen in an observed pupil: the first, 
erect, reflected from the anterior surface of the 
cornea; the second, erect, reflected from the anterior 
surface of the lens; the third, inverted, reflected 
from the posterior capsule of the lens. P.'s net- 
work, the network of beaded fibers (Purkinje's 
fibers) visible to the naked eye in the subendocardial 
tissue of the ventricles. P.'s vesicle, the germinal 
vesicle. 

Purkinje-Sanson's images (poor-kin' -ye san'-sun). 
See Purkinje's images. 

puro (pu'-ro). A meat-juice, made by expression 
of the meat. It contains 21 % of unchanged albumin. 

puroform (pu'-ro-form). A proprietary antiseptic 
and disinfectant said to be a combination of zinc 
and formaldehyde, thymol, menthol, and eucalyptol. 

purohepatitis (pu-ro-hep-at-i'-tis) [pus; yirap, liver; 
ins, inflammation]. Purulent hepatitis. 

puromucous (pii-ro-mu'-kus) [pus; mucus]. Puru- 
lent and mucous. 

puronal (pil'-ron-al). A proprietary antiseptic 
compound said to contain acetanilid, 97.22 %, and 
bismuth subiodide, 2.35 %. 

purple, visual. See rhodopsin. 

purples (pur'-plz) [purpureus, purple]. 1. A 
popular name for purpura; also, 2. for petechial spots. 
3. Swine fever. 

purposive (pur'-po-siv). Functional; not vestigial, 
and not rudimentary; regarded as fulfilling an end 
or purpose in the economy, p. acts, those acts per- 
formed with the consent of the will. 

purpura (pur' -pur -ah) [L.]. A disease charac- 
terized by hemorrhages into the skin, taking the 
form of petechias, macules, or large patches. It 
may occur as an independent affection, or be sympto- 
matic of other diseases, p. fulminans, a grave form 
of purpura developing in young children as a sequel 
to acute infectious diseases. It is of short dura- 
tion, is marked by extensive extravasations, grave 
constitutional symptoms, and usually ends fatally. 
p. haemorrhagica, a systemic disease with marked 
constitutional symptoms, followed by an eruption 
of hemorrhagic petechias upon the legs, and ex- 
tending in successive crops over the whole body- 
surface, coalescing to form extensive irregular 
ecchymotic patches or even raised bloody tumors. 
Hemorrhages may take place from the mucous sur- 
faces or into the serous cavities. Syn., land-scurvy ; 
morbus maculosus Werlhofii; Werlhof's disease. 
p. rheumatica, a form with fever and rheumatic 
pains, p. simplex, the mildest degree of purpura. 
p. urticans. See urticaria hcemorrhagica. 

purpuraceous (pur-pu-ra'-se-us) [purpura, purple]. 
Of a purple color. 

purpuric (pur-pu'-rik) [purpura]. Pertaining to 
or resembling purpura. 

purpuriferous (pur-pu-rif -ur-us) [purpura, purple; 
ferre, to bear]. Producing a purple pigment. 

purpurin (pur'-pu-rin) [purpura], ChHsOs. i. A 
dye present with alizarin in madder-root, but also 
prepared artificially. 2. Uroerythrin, a red coloring- 
matter sometimes present in urinary deposits. 

purpurinuria (pur-pu-rin-u' -re-ah) . The excretion 
of purpurin in the urine; porphyruria. 

purr (pur) . A low murmur. 

purring thrill. A fine trembling vibration like 
the purring of a cat, perceived by palpation over 
the precordium. It may be due to aneurysm or to 
valvular heart lesion, especially mitral stenosis. 

purulence (pur' -u-lens) [pus]. The state of being 
purulent; suppuration. 

purulent (pur'-u-lent) [pus]. Having the character 
of or containing pus; characterized by the formation 
of pus. p. catarrh, an inflammation of a mucous 
membrane accompanied by the production of pus. 
p. edema, a general infiltration of pus together with 
much fluid. 

puruloid (pur'-u-loid) [pus; eidos, like]. Re- 
sembling pus; puriform. 

pus [L.]. A liquid substance consisting of cells 
and an albuminous fluid (liquor puris), formed in 
certain kinds of inflammation. See Donne's lest. 



PUSTULA MALIGNA 



732 



PYGODIDYMUS 



p., blue, pus colored blue by Bacillus pyocyaneus. 
p.-corpuscles, the corpuscles found in pus. p., 
curdy, pus containing cheesy-looking flakes, p., 
ichorous, pus that is thin and acrid, p., laudable, 
a whitish, inodorous pus, formerly thought to be 
essential to the healing of wounds, p., orange, pus 
colored by the presence of hematoidin crystals, p., 
sanious, pus mixed with blood, p.-tube. See 
pyosalpinx. 

pustula maligna (pus-tii'-lah ma-lig'-nah). An- 
thrax. 

pustulant (pus'-tu-lant) [pustule], i. Causing the 
formation of pustules. 2. An irritant substance 
giving rise to the formation of. pustules. 
» pustular (pus'-tu-lar) [pustule]. Characterized by 
the presence Of pustules. 

pustulation (pus-tu-W -shun) [pustule]. The for- 
mation of pustules. 

pustule (pus'-tul) [pustula, a pustule]. A small 
circumscribed elevation of the skin containing pus. 
p., malignant', anthrax. 

pustuliform (pus'-tu-lif-orm) [pustula, forma, form]. 
Resembling a pustule. 

pustulocrustaceous (pus-tu-lo-krus-ta'-shus) [pus- 
tule; crusta, crust]. Characterized by the formation 
of pustules and crusts. 

pustuloderma (pus-tu-lo-der'-mah) [pustule; Sepua, 
the skin]. Any skin disease characterized by the 
formation of pustules. 

pustulose, pustulous (pus'-tu-los, pus'-tu-los) 
[pustula, pustule]. Characterized by pustules. 

pusula (pus'-u-lah) [L.]. 1. Pustule. 2. Ery- 



putamen (pu-ta'-men) [L., "a husk"]. The outer 
darker part of the lenticular nucleus of the brain. 

Putnam-Dana's symptom-complex [James Jack- 
son Putnam, American neurologist, 1846- ; 
Charles Loomis Dana, American neurologist, 1852- 
]. Combined sclerosis of the lateral and pos- 
terior columns of the spinal cord. 

Putnam's sign (put'-nam) [James Jackson Putnam, 
American neurologist, 1846- ]. Absolute in- 
crease of measurements from the anterior superior 
iliac spine to the internal malleolus; it is observed in 
hysterical hip disease. 

putrefaction (pu-tre-fak'-shun) [putrid; facer e, to 
make]. The decomposition of nitrogenous organic 
matter under the influence of microorganisms, 
accompanied by the development of disagreeable 
odors, due to the evolution of ammonia, hydrogen 
sulphide, and other gases, and the production of 
aromatic bodies. In addition, many other compounds 
are formed, among which ptomaines are the most 
important. The end-products are water, nitrogen, 
methane, and carbon dioxide. 

putrefactive (pu-tre-fak'-tiv) [see putrefaction]. 
Pertaining to or causing putrefaction, p. alkaloid, 
a ptomaine. 

putrescence (pu-tres'-ens) [putrescere, to become 
rotten]. The state or process of putrefaction. 

putrescent (pu-tres'-ent) [see putrescence]. Under- 
going putrefaction. 

putrescentia (pu-lres-en'-she-ah). See putrescence. 
p. uteri, the severest form of puerperal endometritis, 
with sanious ulceration of the wall of the uterus 
extending to the peritoneum. 

putrescibility (pu-tres-e-biV -it-e) [putrescere, to 
grow rotten]. Capacity for undergoing putrefaction. 

putrescine (pu-tres'-in) [see putrescence], C4H12N2. 
Tetramethylenediamine. A poisonous ptomaine, a 
clear, rather thin liquid, of a disagreeable odor, 
boiling at I56°-I57° C. 

putrid (pu'-trid) [putridus, rotten]. Rotten; char- 
acterized by putrefaction, p. fever. Synonym of 
typhus. 

putrify (pu'-tre-fi) [putrefacere, to putrefy]. To 
render putrid. 

putrilage (pu'-tril-aj) [putrid]. Putrescent mater- 
ial. 

putrilaginous (pu-tril-aj'-in-us) [putrid]. Gan- 
grenous. 

putromaine (pu-tro-ma'-in). A ptomaine de- 
veloped in putrefactive processes. 

pyaemia (pi-e'-me-ah). See pyemia. 

pyapostasis (pi-ap-os'-tasis) [ttvov, pus; biroo-rao-is, 
a standing off]. Metastasis of pus. 

pyarthrosis (pi-ar-thro'-sis) [irvov, pus; apdpov, a 
joint]. Suppuration of a joint. 

pycnocardia (pik-no-kar'-de-ah) [ttvkvos, frequent; 
Kapdia, heart]. See tachycardia. 



pycnometer (pik-nom'-et-er) [ttvkvos, thick; fikrpov, 
measure]. 1. An instrument for the determination 
of the specific gravity of fluids. 2. An instrument 
for the measurement of the thickness of objects. 

pycnomorphous, pyknomorphous (pik-no-morf'-us) 
[ttvkvos, thick; p.op<ja), form]. Applied to nerve-cells 
in which the stained parts of the cell-body are com- 
pactly arranged. 

pycnophrasia (pik-no-fra'-ze-ah) [ttvkvos, thick; 
(ppa<ns, speech]. Thickness of speech. 

pycnosis (pik-no'-sis) [ttvkvSs, thick]. 1. Thicken- 
ing; inspissation. 2. A degenerative change in cells 
whereby the protoplasm is condensed and the cells 
shrink in volume. 

pycnosphygmia {pik-no-sfig'-me-ah). See tachy- 
cardia. 

pycnotic (pik-not'-ik). Pertaining to or character- 
ized by pycnosis. 

pyecchysis (pi-ek'-is-is) [irvov, pus; eKxwis, ef- 
fusion]. Effusion of pus. 

pyedema, pycedema (pi-e-de'-mah) [irvov, pus; ede- 
ma]. Edema due to purulent infiltration. 

pyelitic (pi-el-it' -ik). Relating to or affected with 
pyelitis. 

pyelitis (pi-el-i'-tis) [irveKos, a trough; ins, inflam- 
mation]. Inflammation of the pelvis of the kidney. 
p., calculous, that due to calculi. 

pyelo- (pi-e-lo-) [irve\os, a trough]. A prefix de- 
noting relation to the kidney or to the pelvis of the 
kidney. 

pyelocystitis (pi-el-o-sis-ti'-tis) [pyelo-; cystitis]. 
Pyelitis with cystitis. ( 

pyelocystostomosis (pi-e-lo-sist-o-sto-mo'-sis) [py- 
elo-; Kv<TTis, a bladder; ar6p.a, a mouth]. The estab- 
lishment of direct communication between the kidney 
and the bladder. 

pyelography (pi-el-og'-ra-fe) . Skiagraphy of a renal 
pelvis and ureter which have been filled with a silver 
salt solution. 

pyelolithotomy (pi-el-o-lith-ot'-o-me) [pyelo-; lith- 
otomy]. Removal of a renal calculus through an in- 
cision into the pelvis of the kidney. 

pyelometer (pi-el-om'-et-er). Synonym of pelvim- 
eter. 

pyelonephritic (pi-el-o-nef-rit'-ik). Pertaining to 
pyelonephritis. 

pyelonephritis (pi-el-o-nef-ri'-tis) [pyelo-; nephri- 
tis]. Inflammation of the kidney and its pelvis. 

pyelonephrosis (pi-el-o-nef-ro'-sis). 1. Synonym of 
pyelonephritis. 2. Any disease of the pelvis of the 
kidney. 

pyeloplication (pi-el-o-pli-ka'-shun) [pyelo-; plica]. 
Operative infolding of a dilated renal pelvis. 

pyelotomy (pi-el-ot'-o-me) [pyelo-; to/xij, a cutting]. 
Incision of the renal pelvis. 

pyemesis (pi-em' -is-is) [irvov, pus; ip.e<ns, vomit- 
ing]. Vomiting of pus. 

pyemia, pyasmia (pi-e'-me-ah) [irvov, pus; alp.a, 
blood]. A disease due to the presence of pyogenic 
microorganisms in the blood and the formation, wher- 
ever these organisms lodge, of embolic or metastatic 
abscesses. The disease is generally fatal, p., arteri- 
al, a name given to pyemia produced by disorgani- 
zation of a cardiac thrombus and the dissemination 
of emboli through the arterial circulation, p., cryp- 
togenic, a condition in which the primary suppur- 
ation occurs in the deeper tissues of the body. p. 
otogenous, pyemia originating in the ear. 

pyemic (pi-em' -ik or pi-e'-mik) [pyemia]. Pertain- 
ing to or affected with pyemia. 

pyemide (pi'-em-ed) [irvov, pus; pi., pyemides]. A 
cutaneous manifestation the result of metastases in 
pyemia. 

pyencephalus (pi-en-sef'-al-us) [irvov, pus; iyK&j>a\os, 
brain]. Suppuration within the cranium. 

pyenin (pi'-en-in). Paranuclein. 

pyesis (pi-e'-sis) . Synonym of suppuration. 

pygal (pi'-gal) [irvyi), buttock]. Pertaining to the 
buttocks. 

pygalgia (pi-gal'-je-ah) [irvyr), rump; &X70S,, pain]. 
Pain in the buttocks. 

pygalopubic (pi-gal-o-pu'-bik) [Trvyr), buttock; pu- 
bes]. Relating to the buttocks and the pubes. 

pygmalionism (pig-ma-le-on-izm) [Pygmalion, king 
of Cyprus, who fell in love with an ivory image of a 
maiden]. Falling in love with a statue, a form of 
erotomania. 

pygodidymus (pi- go-did' -im-us) [irvyv, buttock; 
otdvuos, twin]. A double monster united by the but- 
tocks. 



PYGOMELUS 



733 



PYOPERITONITIS 



pygomelus (pi-gom'-el-us) [101757, buttock; peXos, a 
member]. A monster with a parasite attached to the 
hypogastric region or to the buttock. 

pygopagus (pi-gop'-ag-us) [70717, buttock; n ay os, 
joined]. A monster with conjoined buttocks or backs. 

pyic (pi'-ik). Synonym of purulent. 

pyin (pi'-in) [tow, pus]. An albuminous sub- 
stance of complex constitution occurring in pus. It 
may be separated by adding sodium chloride and fil- 
tering. 

pykno-. For words beginning thus, see under pycno-. 

pyla (pi'-lah) [70X77, gate]- Opening between the 
third ventricle and Sylvian aqueduct. 

pylar (pi'-lar). Relating to the pyla. 

pyle (pi'-le) [70X77, a gate]. The portal vein. 

pylema (pi-le'-mah) [pyle; alp.a, blood]. The blood 
of the portal vein. 

pylemphraxis (pi-lem-fraks'-is) [70X77, gate; e/z- 
<?3pa|is, obstruction]. Obstruction of the portal cir- 
culation. 

pylephlebectasis, pylephlebectasia {pi-le-fleb-ek'- 
tas-is, pi-le-fleb-ek-ta'-ze-ah). [70X77, gate; <f>\ty, vein]. 
Dilatation of the portal vein, which is usually caused 
by some obstruction in the liver, or it may be due 
to relaxation of the vessel-walls from some disturb- 
ance of innervation. 

pylephlebitis (pi-le-fltb-i'-tis) [pyle; phlebitis]. In- 
flammation of the portal vein. The condition is 
usually secondary to disease of the intestine, is gen- 
erally suppurative in character, and gives rise to the 
symptoms of pyemia. 

pylethrombophlebitis (pi-le-throm-bo-fleb-i'-tis) [pyle; 
thrombosis; phlebitis]. Inflammation and thrombosis 
of the portal vein. 

pylethrombosis (pi-le-throm-bo'-sis) [pyle; throm- 
bosis). Thrombosis of the portal vein. 

pylic (pi'-lik) [pyle]. Pertaining to the portal vein. 

pyloralgia (pi-lor-al'-je-ah) [pylorus; 0X705, pain]. 
Pain in the region of the pylorus. 

pylorectomy (pi-lor-ek'-to-me) [pylorus; iKrofiri, ex- 
cision]. Excision of the pylorus. 

pyloric (pi-lor'-ik) [pylorus]. Pertaining to the 
pylorus, p. glands, glands situated in the region of 
the pylorus and secreting the gastric juice, p. ori- 
fice. See pylorus (1). p. valve. See pylorus (2). 

pyloristenosis (pi-lor-is-ten-o'-sis) [pyloro-; crevos, 
narrow]. Contraction of the pylorus. 

pylontis (pi-lor-i'-tis) [pyloro-; ins, inflammation]. 
Inflammation of the pylorus. 

pyloro- (pi-lo-ro-) [pylorus], A prefix meaning re- 
lating to the pylorus. 

pylorochesis (pi-lor-o-ke'-sis) [pyloro-; oxw-St a. 
holding]. Obstruction of the pylorus. 

pylorocolic (pi-lor-o-kol'-ik). Pertaining to or con- 
necting the pyloric end of the stomach with the trans- 
verse colon. 

pylorodiosis (pi-lor-o-di-o'-sis) [pyloro-; Siwais, a 
pushing through]. Loreta's operation: digital di- 
vulsion of the pyloric orifice following gastrotomy. 

pyloroplasty (pi-lor'-o-plas-te) [pyloro-; ir\ao-aeiv, to 
form]. Plastic operation upon the pylorus. 

pyloroptosis, pyloroptosia {pi-lor-op-to'-sis, pi-lor- 
op-to'-se-ah) [pyloro-; tttuktis, falling]. Downward 
displacement of the pylorus. 

pyloroschrhus (pi-lor-o-skir'-us) [pyloro-; aidppos, 
induration]. Scirrhus of the pylorus. 

pylorospasm (pi-lor'-o-spazm). Spasm of the py- 
lorus. 

pylorostenosis (pi-lor-o-ste-no'-sis) [pyloro-; steno- 
sis]. Stenosis, or stricture, of the pylorus. 

pylorostomy (pi-lor-os'-to-me) [pyloro-; arbp-a, 
mouth]. Making an opening through the abdominal 
wall into the pylorus. 

pylorus {pi-lo'-rus) [toXwpos, a gate-keeper]. 1. 
The circular opening of the stomach into the duo- 
denum. 2. The fold of mucous membrane and mus- 
cular tissue surrounding the aperture between the 
stomach and the duodenum, p., antrum of, the por- 
tion of the stomach between the pyloric orifice and 
the sphincter antri pylorici or transverse band. 

pyo- {pi-o-) [ttvov, pus]. A prefix denoting per- 
taining to pus. 

pyoblenna {pi-o-blen' -ah) [pyo-; fi\kvva, mucus]. 
Muco-pus. 

pyoblennorrhea (pi-o-blen-or-e'-ah) [pyo-; p\kwa, 
mucus; bola, a flow]. A muco-purulent discharge. 

pyocele (pi'-o-sel) [pyo-; ktjXti, hernia]. Hernia 
with pus in its sac. 

pyocelia, pyocoelia (pi-o-se'-le-ah) [pyo-; Koikla, 
a hollow]. Pus in the abdominal cavity. 



pyocenosis (pi-o-sen-o'-sis) [pyo-; Ka>w<ns, empty- 
ing]. The evacuation of a pus-cavity. 

pyochezia (pi-o-ke'-ze-ah) [pyo-; xefew. to defe- 
cate]. Discharge of pus from the intestines. 

pyococcus (pi-o-kok'-us). Any pus-producing 
coccus. 

pyocolpocele (pi-o-kol'-po-seT) . A suppurating tu- 
mor of the vagina. 

pyocolpos (pi-o-kol'-pos) [pyo-; koXttos, vagina]. An 
accumulation of pus within the vagina. 

pyoctanin (pi-ok' -tan-in). See pyoktanin. 

pyocyanase (pi-o-si'-an-as) [pyo-; Kvavos, bluej. 
The specific bacteriolytic enzyme of Bacillus pyocy- 
aneus. It is said to digest the bacilli of typhoid, 
diphtheria, anthrax and cholera, and also fibrin. It 
is a yellowish-green, alkaline, amorphous substance, 
soluble in water, to which it imparts a greenish tint. 

pyocyanin (pi-o-si'-an-in) [see pyocyanase], CmHm 
NO2. A colored substance derived from blue pus and 
from cultures of Bacillus pyocyaneus. 

pyocyanogenic (pi-o-si-an-o-jen'-ik). Producing 
pyocyanin. 

pyocyanolysin (pi-o-si-an-ol'-is-in) [pyo-; Kvavos, 
blue; Xveiv, to loosen]. A hemolysin produced in 
broth cultures by Bacillus pyocyaneus. 

pyocyst (pi'-o-sist) pyo-; cyst]. A cyst containing 
pus. 

pyocyte (pi'-o-slt) [pyo-; kvtos, a cell]. A pus- 
corpurcle. 

pyodermatitis (pi-o-der-mat-i'-tis). A skin-affec- 
tion produced by inoculation with pyogenic material. 

pyodermia (pi-o-der'-me-ah) [pyo-; 5kpp.a, skin]. 
Any cutaneous lesion due to pus-DXoducing micro- 
organisms. 

pyodermitis (pi-o-der-mi'-tis) [pyo-; Sepp,a, skin; 
ins, inflammation]. An inflammatory skin-affection 
attended by pus-formation. 

pyogenes (pi-oj'-en-ez). Synonym of pyogenic. 

pyogenesis (pi-o-jen'-es-is) [pyo-; yewav, to pro- 
duce]. The formation of pus. 

pyogenic, pyogenetic (pi-o-jen'-ik, pi-o-jen-et'-ik) 
[pyogenesis]. Producing pus. p. membrane. See 
membrane, pyogenic, p. microorganisms, the micro- 
organisms producing pus. The ordinary pyogenic 
microorganisms are staphylococci and streptococci. 
Under certain circumstances pus may be produced by 
the pneumococcus of Fraenkel, Bacillus coli com- 
munis, the bacillus of typhoid, the gonococcus, and 
others. 

pyogenin (pi-oj'-en-in). C63H128N2O19. A sub- 
stance obtained from the cell-body of pus-cells. 

pyohemia, pyohaemia (pi-o-he'-me-ah). See pyemia. 

pyohemothorax, piohaemothorax (pi-o-hem-o-tho' '- 
raks). The presence of pus and blood in the pleural 
cavity. 

pyoid (pi'-oid) [pyo-; eZSos, like]. Resembling pus. 

pyoktanin {pi-ok' -tan-in) [pyo-; urelveiv, to kill]. A 
name given to methyl-violet and methylene-blue on 
account of their germicidal properties. Pyoktanin 
has been used in diphtheria, cystitis, gonorrhea, ul- 
cers, and inflammations of the conjunctiva, and as an 
injection in carcinoma, p., blue, C24H28N3CI, an- 
tiseptic, disinfectant, and analgesic. Dose 1-5 gr. 
(0.065-0. 32 Gm.). Dusting-powder, 1 : 1000-1 : 100; 
aqueous solution,. 1-4 : 10,000. p.-mercury, a com- 
pound of pyoktanin and mercury. Applied in 1 : 200 
solution or with equal parts of starch, p., yellow, 
C17H24N3CIO, antiseptic and disinfectant, but weaker 
than blue pyoktanin. Dose 1-8 gr. (0.065-0.52 Gm) ; 
aqueous solution, 1-4 : 10,000; dusting-powder, 1 to 
2%; ointment, 2 to 10%. 

pyolymph (pi'-o-limf) [pyo-; lymph]. Lymph con- 
taining pus-corpuscles. 

pyometra (pi-o-me'-trah) [pyo-; nvrpa, womb]. A 
collection of pus in the uterus. 

pyonephritis (pi-o-nef-ri'-tis) [pyo-; nephritis]. 
Suppurative inflammation of the kidney. 

pyonephrosis (pi-o-nef-ro'-sis) [pyo-; ve<f>p6s, kid- 
ney]. An accumulation of pus in the pelvis of the 
kidney. 

pyonephrotic (pi-o-nef-rol'-ik). Pertaining to py- 
onephrosis. 

pyo-ovarium (pi-o-o-va'-re-um) [pyo-; ovarium, ov- 
ary]. Ovarian abscess. 

pyopericarditis (pi-o-per-e-kar-di'-tis). Suppura- 
tive pericarditis. 

pyopericardium (pi-o-per-e-kar'-de-um) . The pres- 
ence of pus in the pericardium. 

pyoperitonitis (pi-o-per-it-on-i'-iis). Synonym of 
peritonitis, purulent. 



PYOPHTHALMIA 



734 



PYRETOMETER 



pyophthalmia (pi-of-lhal'-mc-ah) [pyo-; 6<p9a\p.6s, 
eye]. Purulent ophthalmia. 

pyophylactic (pi-o-fil-ak'-tik) [pyo-; <j>u\a<r<ret.v , to 
guard]. Protecting against pus. p. membrane, the 
lining membrane of an abscess cavity. 

pyophysometra (pi-o-fi-so-me'-trah) [pyo-; <pv<ra, 
wind; p-vrpa, womb]. The presence of pus and gas in 
the uterus. 

pyoplania (pi-o-pla'-ne-ah) [pyo-; ir\avaeiv, to wan- 
der]. Infiltration of tissues with pus. 

pyopneumopericarditis (pi-o-nil-mo-per-e-kar-di'-tis) 
[pyo-; irvevna, air; pericarditis]. Pericarditis com- 
plicated by the presence of pus and gas in the peri- 
cardium. 

pyopneumopericardium (pi-o-nu-mo-per-ik-ar'-de- 
um) [pyo-; irvevpa, air; pericardium). Pus and air or 
gas in the pericardium. 

pyopneumoperitonitis (pi-o-nu-mo-per-it-on-i'-tis) 
[pyo-; irvevna, air; peritonitis]. Peritonitis compli- 
cated by the presence of pus and air in the peritoneal 
cavity. 

pyopneumothorax (pi-o-nu-mo-tho'-raks). An ac- 
cumulation of air or gas and pus in the pleural cavity. 
p., subphrenic, a collection of air and pus beneath the 
diaphragm. See Pfuhl's sign. 

pyopoiesis (pi-o-poi-e'-sis). Synonym of suppura- 
tion. 

pyopoietic (pi-o-poi-et'-ik) [pyo-; iroielv, to make]. 
Secreting pus; suppurative. 

pyoptysis {pi-op' -tis-is) [pyo- ;vtv€lv, to spit]. The 
expectoration of pus. 

pyorrhagia (pi-or-a'-je-ah) [pyo-; p-qyvbvai, to burst 
forth]. A profuse discharge of pus. 

pyorrhea, pyorrhoea (pi-or-e'-ah) [pyo-; pola, a flow]. 
A purulent discharge, p., alveolaris. Progressive 
necrosis of the dental alveoli; Riggs' disease, Fauch- 
ard's disease. _ 

pyosalpingitis (pi-o-sal-pin-ji-tis) [pyo-; aa\iriy£, 
tube; ins, inflammation]. Purulent inflammation of 
the Fallopian or Eustachian tube. 

pyosalpingo-oophoritis (pi-o-sal-ping-go-o-of-or-i'- 
tis) [pyo-; o-a\irt.y£, a tube; oophoritis]. Combined 
suppurative inflammation of the ovary and oviduct. 

pyosalpinx (pi-o-sal' -pinks) [pyo-; o-a\iny£, tube]. 
An accumulation of pus in the oviduct. 

pyosapremia, pyosapraemia (pi-o-sap-re'-me-ah) 
[pyo-; sapremia). Same as pyemia. 

pyoscheocele (pi-os'-ke-o-sel) [pyo-; ooxeov, scro- 
tum; Ki)\y, tumor]. A suppurative swelling of the 
scrotum. 

pyoscope {pi'-o-skop) [irvos, colostrum; oko-k&v, to 
examine]. An instrument for determining the rich- 
ness of milk by its color. 

pyosepticemia, pyosepticaemia (pi-o-sep-tis-e'-me- 
ah) [pyo-; septicemia]. The association of pyemia and 
septicemia. 

pyosin (pi'-o-sin). C57H110N2O15. A substance ob- 
tained from the body plasma of pus-cells. Cf. pyo- 
genin. 

pyosis (pi-o'-sis) [irvov, pus]. 1. Suppuration. 2. 
Suppuration of the eye. 

pyostatic (pi-o-stat'-ik) [pyo-; o-tcltikos, causing to 
stand]. 1. Preventing the formation of pus. 2. An 
agent arresting the secretion of pus. 

pyothorax (pi-o-tho'-raks) . An accumulation of pus 
in the pleural cavity; empyema, p., subphrenic, an 
abscess beneath the diaphragm. 

pyotorrhea, pyotorrhcea (pi-o-tor-e'-ah) [pyo-; ovs, 
ear; poia, aflow]. Purulent otorrhea. 

pyoturia (pi-o-tu'-re-ah). See pyuria. 

pyoureter (pi-o-u-re'-ter) An ac cumulation of pus 
in a ureter. 

pyoxanthin, pyoxanthose (pi-o-zan'-thin, pi-o-zan'- 
thos) [irvov, pus: £a.v96s, yellow]. A yellow substance 
sometimes found in pus, and resulting from the oxi- 
dation of pyocyanin. 

pyra {pi' -rah). Synonym of anthrax. 

pyracetosalyl (pi-ras-e-to-sal'-il). A preparation of 
antipyrine and aspirin: used as an antipyretic and 
antineuralgic; dose 8 grains (0.5 gm.). 

pyraloxin (pi-ral-oks'-in) . An oxidation-product of 
pyrogallol, used in skin-diseases. 

pyramid (pe'-ram-id) [irvpap.is]. Any conical emi- 
nence of an organ; especially a body of longitudinal 
nerve-fibers on each side of the anterior median fissure 
of the oblongata, p., anterior, one of the two pyra- 
midal bundles of white matter on each Fide of the an- 
terior median fissure of the medulla, p. of the cere- 
bellum, a conical projection forming the central por- 
tion of the inferior vermiform process, p.s of Ferrein. 



See Ferrein's pyramids, p., lateral. Same as resti- 
form body, p., Malpighian, one of the conical masses 
composing the medullary substance of the kidney. 
p., posterior, one of the two narrow bundles of white 
matter placed on each side of the posterior median 
fissure of the medulla oblongata. They are continu- 
ous with the posterior median columns of the spinal 
cord, p., renal. See p., Malpighian, and Ferrein's 
pyramids, p., temporal, the petrosa. p., thyroid. 
See Lalouette's pyramid, p. of the tympanum, a hol- 
low conical process on the inner wall of the tympanum ; 
the stapedius muscle passes through an aperture at 
its apex. _ 

pyramidal (pe-ram'-id-al) [pyramid]. Shaped like 
a pyramid, p. bone, the carpal cuneiform, p. tract. 
See tract pyramidal. 

pyramidale (pir-am-id-a'-le) [irvpap,ls, pyramid]. 
The cuneiform bone of the carpus; the os pyramidale. 

pyramidalis (pe-ram-id-a'-lis). Pyramidal, as py- 
ramidalis muscle. See under muscle. 

pyramidon (pe-ram! -id-on) . Dimethylamidophen- 
yldimethylpyrazolon, a yellowish- white powder, re- 
commended as an antipyretic. Dose 5-8 gr. (0.32- 
0.51 Gm.) every 2 hours. 

pyramis (pir'-am-is). 1. Synonym of pyramid. 
2. The modiolus. 3- The pyramid of the thyroid. 

4. The petrosa. 5. The anterior pyramid of the ob- 
longata. 6. The penis, p. cerebelli. See pyramid of 
the cerebellum, p. cochleae, the modiolus, p. lam- 
inosa. See pyramid of the cerebellum, p. ossis tem- 
pbris, p. trigona, the petrosa. p. vermis, the pyra- 
mid of the cerebellum, p. vestibuli. See crista ves- 
tibuli. , 

pyrantin (pi-ran' -tin). See phenosuccin. p., sol- 
uble, sodium salt of paraethoxylphenylsuccinamic 
acid. A useful antipyretic. Dose 15-45 gr. (1-3 
Gm.) daily. 

pyranum (pi-ra'-num). The sodium salt of a com- 
bination of benzoic acid, thymol, and salicylic acid; 
used as an antirheumatic and analgesic. Dose 7-30 
gr. (0.45-2.0 Gm.) 2 or 3 times daily. 

pyrazine (pi-raz'-ine). Antipyrine. p. hexahy- 
dride. Piperazine. 

pyrazol (pi'-raz-ol) [irvp, fire; azotum, nitrogen], 
C3H4N2, a derivative of pyrrol. It is used as a diu- 
retic. Dose i5*-30 gr. (1-2 Gm.). 

pyrenemia, pyrenasmia (pi-ren-e'-me-ah) [irvprjv, a 
fruit-stone; alfia, blood]. The existence of nucleated 
red cells in the blood. 

pyrenoid (pi'-re-noid) [-wvpyv, the stone of a fruit; 
eldos, form]. One of the small, bright globules found 
imbedded in the chromatophores of green alga? and of 
certain invertebrates, and having the reactions of 
nuclein and the function of forming starch and sim- 
ilar carbohydrates. 

pyrethrum (pi-re' -thrum). Pellitory; the root of 
Anacyclus pyrethrum, a plant of the order Composite. 
Pyrethrum is used as a sialagogue and masticatory 
in headache, toothache, and neuralgic affections of the 
face. It is employed either in powder or in the form 
of the tincture, p., tincture of (tinctura pyrethri, U. 

5. P.), is never given internally. 

pyretic (pi-ret' -ik) [irvperos, fever]. Pertaining to 
or affected with fever. 

pyreticosis (pi-ret-ik-o'-sis) [irvperos, fever]. Fever- 
ishness. 

pyretin (pi'-re-tin) [see pyretic]. An ant : pyretic 
said to consist of acetanilide, caffeine, sodium bicar- 
bonate, and calcium carbonate. Dose 3-8 gr. (0.19- 
0.52 Gm.). 

pyreto- (pi-ret-o-) [irvperos, fever]. A prefix mean- 
ing fever. 

pyretogenesia, pyretogenesis (pi-ret-o-jen-e'-ze-ah, 
pi-ret-o-jen' '-es-is) [pyreto-; ykveavs, origin]. The ori- 
gin and process of fever. 

pyretogenic, pyretogenous (pi-ret-oj-en'-ik, pi-ret- 
oj'-en-us) [pyreto-; yewav, to produce]. Causing or 
producing fever. 

pyretogenin (pi-ret-oj'-en-in) [see pyretogenic]. A 
substance formed by microorganisms, and said to have 
the property of producing fever when inoculated into 
animals 

pyretography (pi-ret-og'-ra-fe) [pyreto-; ypd<pei,v, to 
write]. A treatise on fevers. 

pyretologist (pi-ret-ol'-o-jist) [pyretology]. A spe- 
cialist in fevers. 

pyretology (pi-ret-ol'-o-je) [pyreto-; \6yos, a science]. 
The science of the nature of fevers. 

pyretometer (pi-ret-om'-et-ur) [pyreto-; p.krpov, 
measure]. A clinical thermometer. 



PYRETOTYPHOSIS 



735 



PYURIA 



pyretotyphosis (pi-ret-o-ti-fo'-sis) [pyreto-; rixpuo-is, 
delirium]. The stupor or delirium of fever. 

pyretotyposis (pi-ret-o-ti-po'-sis) [pireto-; tvituo-is, a 
forming]. Intermittent fever. 

pyrexia (pi-reks'-e-ah) [-rrvpe^is, fever]. Elevation 
of temperature above the normal; fever. 

pyrexial (pi-reks'-e-al). Pertaining to pyrexia. 

pyrheliometer (pir-he-li-om'-et-ur) [irvp, fire; t/Xios, 
sun; ukrpov, measure]. An instrument for measuring 
the heating and chemical effects of light. 

pyridine (pir'-id-en) [irvp, fire], C5H5N. A liquid 
base obtained as a distillation-product from tobacco, 
coal-tar, and other organic matter, and forming the 
first of a long and important series of homologous 
bases. Pyridine has been used in asthma by inhal- 
ation, p. tricarboxylic acid, CsHbCCCfeH^N, is an- 
tiseptic, antipyretic, antiperiodic, and antispasmodic. 
It has been used in malaria, asthma, and typhoid 
fever. Dose 2-10 gr. (0.13-0.65 Gm.). 

pyriform (pi'-rif-orm) [pyrus, pear; forma, a form]. 
Pear-shaped. 

pyriformis (pe-rif-orm'-is). Pyriform, as pyrif- 
ormis muscle. See under muscle. 

pyro- (pi-ro-) [irvp, fire]. A prefix signifying fire or 
heat. 

pyroacetic (pi-ro-as-e'-tik). Pertaining to or ob- 
tained from acetic acid by the action of heat. p. 
spirit. Synonym of acetone. 

pyroacid (pi-ro-as'-id). A product obtained by 
subjecting certain organic acids to heat. 

pyroarsenic acid (pi-ro-ar-sen'-ik) [pyro-; arsenic], 
H4AS2O7. A tetrabasic acid produced when arsenic 
is heated to 180 C. 

pyroborate (pi-ro-bo'-rat). A salt of pyroboric acid. 
Syn., biborate. 

pyroboric acid (pi-ro-bo'-rik) [pyro-; boron], H2B4O7. 
Tetraboric acid, a dibasic acid produced by heating 
boric acid. 

pyrocatechin (pi-ro-kat'-e-kin) [pyro-; catechu], 
CsHeOo = CeH4(OH) 2 . Catechol; a crystalline sub- 
stance formed by the dry distillation of catechu and 
sometimes occurring in the urine. It has been used 
as an antipyretic. Dose 1-2 gr. (0.065-0.13 Gm.). 

pyrocatechinuria (pi-ro-kat-e-kin-u'-re-ah) [pyrocat- 
echin; ovpov, urine]. The presence of pyrocatechin in 
the urine. 

pyroctin (pi-rok'-tin). A proprietary febrifuge. 

pyrodextrin (pi-ro-deks'-trin) [pyro-; dextrin]. C48- 
H74O37. A brownish solid resulting from the action of 
heat upon dextrin. 

pyrodin {pi-ro' -din) [ifvp, fire], C6H5. C2H3O.N2H2. 
Acetylphenylhydrazine ; a crystalline, poisonous sub- 
stance, used as a substitute for chrysarobin in psoria- 
sis and in other cutaneous affections; also as an antipy- 
retic. Dose §-3 gr. (0.03-0.2 Gm.). 

pyroform (pi'-ro-form). Bismuth oxyiodopyro- 
gallol; used in skin diseases and said to be less toxic 
than pyrogallol. 

pyrogallic acid (pi-ro-gal'-ik). See pyrogallol. 

pyrogallol (pi-ro-gal'-ol) [pyro-; galla, galls], C6H3- 
(OH3). Pyrogallic acid; a phenol derivative pro- 
duced by the action of heat on gallic acid. It is used 
locally in diseases of the skin, p.-bismuth, a dark- 
green powder containing equal parts of bismuth and 
pyrogallol; used as an intestinal disinfectant and 
wound antiseptic, p., oxidized, a stable brown or 
black powder, slightly soluble in water, insoluble in 
alcohol or ether, used as a substitute for pyrogallol as 
less irritating and only slightly toxic. Dose I-15 gr. 
(0.05-1.0 Gm.) daily. Ointment in skin diseases 75 
gr. (5 Gm.) to 375 gr. (25 Gm.) each of vaseline and 
lanolin. 

pyrogenic (pi-ro-jen'-ik) [pyro-; yewav, to produce]. 
Producing fever. 

pyroleum (pi-ro' -le-um) [pyro-; oleum, oil]. 1. Pet- 
roleum. 2. An oil produced by dry distillation. 

pyroligneous (pi-ro-lig'-ne-us) [pyro-; lignum, 
wood]. Pertaining to the destructive distillation of 



wood. p. acid, wood-vinegar. See acid, pyrolig- 
neous. 

pyrolusite (pi-ro-lu' -sit) [pyro-; Xou<ns, a washing]. 
Native manganese dioxide. 

pyrolysis (pi-rol'-is-is) [pyro-; Xwus, solution]. De- 
composition by means of heat. 

pyrolytic (pi-ro-lit'-ik). Pertaining to pyrolysis. 

pyromania (pi-ro-ma'-ne-ah) [pyro-; navla, mad- 
ness]. A monomania for incendiarism. 

pyromaniac (pi-ro-ma'-ne-ak) [pyro-]. One affected 
with pyromania. 

pyrometer (pi-rom'-et-er) [pyro-; ukrpov, 3. measure]. 
An instrument for measuring the intensity of heat of 
too high a degree to be estimated by the ordinary 
thermometer. 

pyronin (pi'-ro-nin). A basic triphenylmethane 
dyestuff. 

pyronyxis (pi-ro-niks'-is) [pyro-; pilots, a pricking]. 
Ignipuncture. 

pyrophobia (pi-ro-fo'-be-ah) [pyro-; <£6/3os, dread]. 
Morbid dread of fire. 

pyrophosphate (pi-ro-fos' -fat) . A salt of pyro- 
phosphoric acid. 

pyrophosphoric acid (pi-ro-fos-for'-ik). See acid, 
pyrophosphoric. 

pyroptothymia (pi-rop-to-thi'-me-ah) [pyro-; irroetv, 
to terrify; dvp.6s, mind]. A form of insanity in which 
the person imagines himself enveloped in flame. 

pyropuncture (pi-ro-pungk'-tur) [pyro-; puncture]. 
Puncturing with hot needles. 

pyrosal (pi'-ro-sal). Antipyrine salicylacetate, 
C9H8O5C11H12N2O ; antipyretic and antineuralgic. 
Dose 8 gr. (0.5 Gm.) 2 to 6 times daily. 

pyroscope (pi'-ro-skop) [pyro-; o-kottziv, to exam- 
ine]. An instrument employed in determining the 
intensity of thermal radiation. 

pyrosis (pi-ro'-sis) [irvp, fire]. An affection of the 
stomach characterized by a burning sensation, ac- 
companied by eructations of an acrid, irritating fluid; 
heartburn. 

Pyrosoma (pi-ro-so'-mah). See Piroplasma. P. 
bigeminum (pi-ro-so'-mah bi-jem'-in-um) [pyrus, pear; 
a6ip.a, a body]. The parasite which is the cause of 
Texas fever in cattle. 

pyrotic (pi-rot'-ik) [pyrosis]. 1. Inflammable. 2. 
Caustic. 

pyrotoxic (pi-ro-toks'-ik) [pyro-; to£ucov, poison]. A 
caustic poison. 

pyrotoxin (pi-ro-toks'-in) [pyro-; to%ik6v, a poison]. 
A toxic agent generated in the course of the febrile 
process. 

pyrotoxina bacterica (pi-ro-toks'-in-ah bak-ter'-ik- 
ah) [see pyrotoxin], A pyogenic substance believed 
to be produced by many forms of bacteria. 

pyroxylin (pi-roks'-il-in) [pyro-; £v\ov, wood]. Gun- 
cotton; cotton-fiber treated with a mixture of nitric 
and sulphuric acids, by which the cellulose is changed 
into various nitro-compounds. Soluble gun-cotton 
(pyroxylinum, U. S. P.) is used in the preparation of 
collodion. The explosive gun-cotton is the hexa- 
nitrate of cellulose. 

pyrozol (pi'-ro-zol). A proprietary antiseptic said 
to be a coal-tar derivative. 

pyrozone (pi'-ro-zon). A proprietary preparation 
of hydrogen dioxide, an external antiseptic. It is also 
used externally in a 5% and a 25% ethereal 
solution. 

pyrrhol, pyrrol (pir'-ol) [pyro-; oleum, oil], C4H4- 
(NH). A liquid base obtained in the distillation of 
Dippel's oil and other organic substances, p. tetra- 
iodide. See iodol. 

pythogenesis (pi-tho-jen' -es-is) [irvdeiv, to rot; ykve- 
<ns, genesis]. Production from decaying matter. 

pythogenic (pi-tho-jen' -ik) [irvdeiv, to rot; yevvav, 
to produce]. Producing or arising from decompo- 
sition, p. fever. Synonym of typhoid fever. 

pyuria (pi-u-re-ah) [wvov, pus; ovpov, urine]. The 
passage of urine containing pus. 



q. h. Abbreviation of quaque hora — every hour. 
q. 2 h,, abbreviation of quaque secunda hora — every 
second hour. -q. 3 h., abbreviation of quaque tertia 
hora — every third hour. 

q. 1. Abbreviation of quantum libet — as much as 
is desired. 

q. p. Abbreviation of quantum placet — as much as 
you please. 

q. s. Abbreviation of quantum sufficit — as much as 
suffices. 

quack (kwak). A pretender of medical skill; a 
vender of nostrums; a medical charlatan. 

quackery (kwak'-er-e). The practice of medicine 
by a quack; medical charlatanism. 

quack-salver. A quack, or mountebank; a peddler 
of his own medicines and salves. 

quader (kwa'-der) [Ger., square]. The precuneus, 
or quadrate lobe of the cerebrum. 

quadrangular (kwod-rang'-gu-lar) [quadrangulum, a 
four-cornered figure]. Having four angles, as the 
quadrangular lobe, the square lobe of the cerebellum. 

quadrant (kwod'-rant) [see quadratus]. 1. The 
fourth part of a circle, subtending an angle of 90 de- 
grees. 2. One of the four regions into which the ab- 
domen may be divided for purposes of physical diag- 
nosis, q. of Wilder, such an area of the ventral aspect 
of the crus cerebri in the cat. 

quadrate (kwod'-rat) [quadrant]. Square; four- 
sided, q. bone, the bone which in birds and reptiles 
articulates with the squamosal above, the mandible 
below, the pterygoid internally, and the quadrojugal 
externally, q. cartilages, small quadrangular car- 
tilaginous plates often found in the alae of the nose. 
q. lobe, 1. A small lobe of the liver. 2. A lobe of the 
cerebellum, q. lobule. See precuneus. 

quadratipronator (kwod-ra-li-pro-na'-tor). Same as 
pronator quadratus. See muscles, table of. 

quadratus (kwod-ra'-tus) [L.]. Squared; having 
four sides, q. muscle. See under muscle. 

quadri- (kwod-re-) [L.]. A prefix denoting four or 
four times. 

quadribasic (kwod-re-ba'-sik) [quadri-; basis, base]. 
In chemistry, applied to an acid having four replace- 
able hydrogen atoms. 

quadriceps (kwod'-re-seps) [quadri-; caput, head]. 
Four-headed, as a quadriceps muscle. A large muscle 
of the thigh. See under muscle, q. surae [L., the 
quadriceps muscle of the calf]. The muscle mass 
comprising the gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris, 

quadrigeminal (kwod-re-jem'-in-al) [see quadrigem- 
inum}. Fourfold: consisting of four parts, as the 
quadrigeminal bodies. See corpora quadrigemina. 

quadrigeminum (kwod-re-jcm'-in-um) [quadrigem- 
inus, fourfold]. One of the corpora quadrigemina. 

quadrilateral (Jtwod-re-lat'-er-al) [quadri; latus, a 
side]. Having four sides, q., of Marie. See under 
Marie. 

quadrille (kwad-HV) [Fr.]. An embryological term 
designating the complex movement undergone by the 
dividing centrosomes previous to the formation of the 
cleavage centrosomes. 

quadripara (kwod-rip'-ar-ah) [quadri, four; par ere, 
to bear]. A woman who is bearing or has borne, her 
fourth child, or has had her fourth confinement. 

quadriparity (kwod-re-par'-il-e). The state of hav- 
ing borne four children. 

quadriparous (kwod-rip'-a-rous). Pertaining to a 
quadripara, or to a fourth confinement. 

quadriplegia (kwod-ri-ple' -je-ah) [quadri, four; 
TrXriyv, stroke]. Paralysis of all four limbs. 

quadrisect (kwod'-ri-sekt) [quadri, four; secare, to 
cut]. To divide into four parts. 

quadriurate (kwod-re-u'-ral) [quadri-; urate]. A 
term applied to the hyperacid urate of human urine 
and the urine of birds and reptiles. The quadri- 
urates are mixtures of biurates and uric acid, and 
have the general formula of MHCCsHsN^HzCeHa- 
N4O3. 



quadrivalent (kwod-riv'-al-ent) [quadri-; valet e, to 
be worth]. In chemistry, having a combining power 
equivalent to that of four hydrogen atoms. See quan- 
tivalence. 

quadroon (kwod-roon') [quartus, fourth]. Offspring 
of a white person and a mulatto. 

quadruplet (kwod-roo'-plet) [quadruplare, to make 
fourfoldl. Any one of four children born at one birth. 

Quain's fatty heart (kwan). Fatty degeneration 
of the cardiac muscular fibers. 

Quain's method of removing a foreign body (kwan). 
An incision is made at some little distance from the 
foreign body, the latter is then grasped with forceps 
at right angles to its long axis, and then pushed out 
through another incision at the point of entrance. 

quaker's black drop. Vinegar of opium, acetum 
opii. 

quaker-button. A popular name for nux vomica. 

qualitative (kwol'-it-a-tiv) [qualitas, quality]. Per- 
taining to quality, q. analysis. See analysis, qual- 
itative. 

quantimeter (kwon-tim'-et-er). An instrument for 
measuring the dosage of the Roentgen rays. 

quanti-Pirquet's reaction (kwon'-te-per-ka). A 
quantitative Pirquet's reaction undertaken with the 
idea of estimating the degree of tuberculous infection. 

quantitative (kwnn'-tit-a-tiv) [quantus, how much]. 
Pertaining to quantity, q. analysis. See analysis, 
quantitative. 

quantivalence (kwon-tiv'-al-ens) [quantus, how much; 
valere, to be worth]. The combining power of an 
element or radical expressed in terms of the number 
of atoms of hydrogen with which it will unite. Uni- 
valent or monad atoms, as chlorine, are saturated 
with one atom; bivalent or diad atoms require two; 
trivalent or triad, as boron, take three; quadrivalent or 
tetrad, quinquivalent or pentad, sexvalent or hexad, 
require four, five, and six atoms of hydrogen respec- 
tively. 

quantum (kwon'-tum) [L.]. 1. As much as. 2. A 
certain prescribed amount, q. libet, as much as you 
please, q. sufficit, as much as suffices, q., normal, 
a constant quantity or standard, q. vis, as much as 
you wish. _ 

quarantine (kwor'-an-ten) [It., quaranta, forty]. 1. 
The time (formerly forty days) during which vessels 
or travelers from ports infected with contagious or 
epidemic diesases are required by law to remain out- 
side the port of their destination, as a safeguard 
against the spreading of such diseases. 2. The place of 
detention. 3- The act of detaining vessels or travel- 
ers from suspected ports or places for purposes of in- 
spection of disinfection, q., land-, the isolation of a 
person or district on land for purposes similar to 
those of detention of persons arriving at a place by 
sea. q. period, the length of time required to insure 
immunity after exposure, or the length of time neces- 
sary after an attack, to render the disease innocuous. 

quart (kwort) [quartus, fourth]. The fourth part 
of a gallon, imperial q., contains about 20 per cent, 
more than the ordinary quart. 

quartan (kwor'-tan) [quartus], 1. Recurring on the 
fourth day. 2. A form of intermittent fever the 
paroxysms of which occur every fourth day. p., 
double, quartan fever characterized by milder and 
severer paroxysms, each occurring every fourth day. 
q. fever. See quartan (2). q. parasite, the Plas- 
modium malaria. 

quarter-crack. In farriery, a fissure of the hoof 
on the inner side of the fore-foot of a horse. 

quarter-evil (kwor'-ter-e-vil). A synonym of black- 
leg. 

quartipara (kwor-lip'-ar-ah) [quartus ; par ere, to bring 
forth]. A woman in her fourth pregnancy. See 
multipara. 

quartiparous (kwor-tip'-ar-us) [quartipara]. Preg- 
nant four times. 

quartisternum (kwor-te-ster' -num) [quartus, fourth; 



QUARTONOL 



737 



QUINCOCA 



sternum]. A part of the sternum having a special 
center of ossification corresponding with the fourth 
intercostal space. 

quartonol (kwor'-ton-ol). A proprietary mixture of 
calcium, sodium, quinine, strychnine, and glycero- 
phosphates. 

quartz (kwortz). See silica. 

quassation (kwas-a' -shun) [quassatio, a shaking or 
shattering]. The reduction of barks, roots, and other 
drugs to morsels, in preparation for further pharma- 
ceutical treatment. Syn., cassation. 

quassia (kwosh'-e-ah) [after Qziassi, a negro slave in 
Surinam who first used it]. The wood of several 
trees of the order Simarubacea. The quassia of the 
U. S. P. and B. P. is the wood of Picrasma excelsa, 
known as Jamaica quassia, or of quassia amara. 
known as Surinam quassia. It is a simple bitter, and 
is used in dyspepsia and constipation; in the form of 
an enema it is employed against seatworms, q., ex- 
tract of (extractum quassia, U. S. P.). Dose i gr. 
(0.065 Gm.). q., fluidextract of (fluidextr actum quas- 
sia, U. S. P.) Dose 8 minims (0.5 Cc). q., infusion 
of (infusum quassia, B. P.). Dose j to 1 ounce (15 
to 30 Cc). q., tincture of (tinctura quassia, \J. S. P., 
B. P.). Dose J to 1 dram (2 to 4 Cc). 

quassia cup. A cup made of quassia wood, which 
is filled with water and allowed to stand; the water 
acquires the bitter taste of the quassia. 

quassiin (kwos'-se-in). Same as quassin. 

quassin (kwos'-in). The active principle of quas- 
sia; very bitter, white crystals, soluble in alcohol and 
chloroform; used as a tonic. Dose ^-% gr. (0.002- 
0.02 Gm.). 

quarternary (kwa-ter' -na-re) [quaterni, four each]. 
1. Consisting of four elements. 2. Fourth in order. 
q. syphilis, parasyphilis. 

Quatrefages, parietal angle of (katr-fahzj) [Jean 
Louis Armand de Quatrefages de Breau, French nat- 
uralist, 1810-1892]. In craniometry, that formed by 
the lines drawn through the extremities of the trans- 
verse maximum or bizygomatic diameter and the 
maximum transverse frontal diameter (called pos- 
itive when it opens downward, and negative when it 
opens upward). 

quatuor (kwal'-u-or) [L.]. Four. q. pills, pills made 
up of iron sulphate, quinine, aloes, nux vomica and 
gentian. 

queasy (kwe'-ze). Nauseated; inclined to vomit. 
(Colloquial.) 

quebrabunda (ke-brah-bun'-dah) [Port.]. Strad- 
dling disease, a tropical disease similar to beriberi 
which attacks horses and pigs. 

quebrachamine (ke-brah'-kam-en). See under 
quebracho. ■ 

quebrachine (ke-brah'-ken). An alkaloid of que- 
bracho (c. :\). It is used internally and hypoder- 
matically in dyspnea. Dose f-i§ gr. (0.04-0.1 Gm.). 

quebracho (kc-brah'-ko) [from Pg. qnebra-hacho, 
ax-breaker]. The name of several hard-wooded trees 
of South America. The white quebracho {quebracho 
bianco) is Aspidosperma quebracho, of the order 
Apocynaceae. It contains the following alkaloids: 
Aspidcspermine C22H30N2O2; aspidosper matine C22H2S- 
N2O2, aspidosamine, C22H23X2O2; quebrachine, C21H26- 
N2O3, and quebrachamine C21H26N2O3. It is used in 
emphysema, bronchitis, and in asthma. See aspidos- 
Permine. 

quebrachol (ke-brah'-kol). A levorotary crystal- 
line substance found in the bark of Aspidosperma 
quebracho bianco. 

queen of the meadow. Spiraa ulmaria; eupator- 
ium 

queen's-delight, queen's-root. See stillingia. 

queen's metal. An alloy of antimony, tin, etc. 

Quenu's operation of thoracoplasty (ka-noo') [E. 
Quenu, French surgeon, 1852- ]. An operation for 
empyema, consisting in simple section of the ribs, 
without resection, to favor retraction of the chest 
walls. 

Quenu-Mayo operation (ka-noo' -ma' -o) [see Quenu; 
William J. Mayo, American surgeon, 1861- ]. An 
operation for cancer of the rectum, consisting of 
excision of the rectum with removal of neighboring 
lymph-glands. 

quercetin (kwur' -se-tin) . A neutral principle de- 
rived from quercitrin. 

quercin (kwer'-sin) [quercus], C6H6(OH)6. A bitter, 
crystallizable carbohydrate extracted from acorns and 
oak-bark. 

quercitannic acid (kwer-si-tan'-ik) [quercus ; tannin], 
25 



C1-H16O9. A variety of tannic acid found in oak- 
bark. 

quercitannin (kwer-sit-an'-in). Quercitannic acid. 

quercite (kwer'-slt) [quercus], CeH7(OH)5. A sweet 
principle found in acorns. 

quercitol (kwer'-sit-ol). See quercite. 

quercitrin (kwer' -sit-rin) [quercus; citrus, lemon], 
C36H3SO20. A glucoside found in the bark of Quercus 
tinctoria and in many other plants. It is tonic and 
astringent. 

quercus (kwer'-kus) [L., oak]. The quercus of the 
U. S. P. is the dried bark of Quercus alba. Dose 15 
grains (1 gm.). q., fluidextract of (fluidextr actum 
quercus, U. S. P.). Dose 15 min. (1 Cc). See oak. 

quercynol (kwur'-sin-ol). A proprietary remedy 
said to consist of extract of Quercus alba with cyanol 
and extract of hyoscyamus. It is used in vaginal 
wafers. 

Quevenne's iron (ke-ven') [Theodore Auguste Que- 
venne, French physician, 1805-1855]. Ferrum .re- 
ductum. 

quick (kwik) [AS., civic, alive]. 1. A sensitive, 
vital, tender part, as the flesh under a nail. 2. Preg- 
nant, and able to feel the movements of the fetus. 

quicken (kwik' -en). To experience the sensation 
of quickening, q. v. 

quickening (kwik'-en-ing) [see quick]. The first 
feeling on the part of the pregnant woman of fetal 
movements, occurring between the fourth and fifth 
months of pregnancy. 

quicklime [quick; lime]. Calcium oxid; unslacked 
lime. Seen under lime. 

quicksilver [quick; silver]. The popular name for 
mercury. 

quickwater. Solution of mercuric nitrate. 

quillaia, quillaja (kwil-a'-yah) [Chilian, quillean, to 
wash]. A genus of trees of the order Rosacea. The 
quillaja of the U. S. P. is the dried bark of Quillaja 
saponaria. It contains saponin and produces a froth 
when agitated in water. It is used in pulmonary 
affections and as a sternutatory, and in the arts as a 
substitute for soap. Syn., soap-bark. Q., fluid- 
extract of (fluidextr actum quillaja, U. S. P.). Dose 
3 min. (0.2 Cc). Q., tincture of (tinctura quil- 
laja, U. S. P.), tinctura quillaia, B. P.). Dose 1 dr. 
(4 Cc). 

quill-suture. See suture, quill-. 

quina (kwin'-ah). Same as cinchona, q. calisaya, 
yellow cinchona bark. q. colorada, red cinchona 
bark. 

quinacetine sulphate (kwin-as'-et-en) (C3tH3iN02)2- 
H2SO4H2O. An antipyretic and anodyne. Dose 
5-15 gr. (0.32-0.97 Gm.). 

quinaldin (kwin-aV -din) , C10H9N. Methylquino- 
lin; formed by digesting anilin with paraldehyde 
and hydrochloric acid. 

quinalgen (kwin-al'-jen). See analgen. 

quinamicine kwin-am' -is-en) . An artificial alka- 
loid, C19H24N2O2, obtained from quinamine. 

quinamidine {kwin-am' -id-en). An isomere of 
quinamicine. 

quinamine (kwin'-am-en) [Sp. quina, bark; amine], 
C19H24N2O2. An alkaloid of the cinchonas. 

quinaphenin (kwin-a-fen'-in). A white, tasteless 
powder, obtained by action of quinine on the hydro- 
chlorate of eloxyphenylcarbamic acid. Used in 
whooping-cough. Dose for young children 1-2 § 
gr. (a.065-0.16 Gm.) daily; older children 3-5 gr. 
(0.2-0.3 Gm.). 

quinaphthol (kwin-af -thol) . See chinaphthol. 

quinaquina (kwin-ah-kwin'-ah). Cinchona. 

quinaseptol (kwin-ah-sep'-tol). See diaphtol. q., 
argentic, an odorless, harmless antiseptic and hemo- 
static which promotes granulation. 

quinate (kwin'-at). A salt of quinic acid. 

quince-seed (kwins-sed). See cydonium. 

Quincke's disease (kving'-keh) [Heinrich Irenaeus 
Quincke, German physician, 1842- ]. Angio- 
neurotic edema; acute circumscribed edema. Q.'s 
edema. See Q.'s disease. Q.'s pulse, rhythmic 
reddening and blanching of the finger-nails at each 
diastole of the heart, depending upon oscillations of 
blood-pressure which are propagated into the capil- 
laries; it is found in aortic insufficiency. Q.'s punc- 
ture, lumbar puncture to examine or remove cerebro- 
spinal fluid. Q.'s sign. See Q.'s pulse. Q.'s space, 
the space between the third and fourth lumbar verte- 
brae. Q.'s spinal puncture. See puncture, lumbar. 

quincoca (kwin-ko'-kah). A tonic said to be a 
combination of quinine, coca-leaves, gentian, wild 



QUINETINE 



738 



QUINONE 



cherry, orange peel, and aromatics exhausted with 
port wine. 

quinetine (kwin' -et- en). A mixture of cinchona 
alkaloids, similar to febrifuge. 

quinetum (kwin-e'-lum). The mixed alkaloids 
from red cinchona bark used as a cheap febrifuge 
in India. Dose gr. j-v. It is an antiperiodic. 

quinhydrone (kwin-hi'-dron). A reaction product 
of an aqueous solution of quinone and hydroquinone; 
green prisms with pungent taste, soluble in hot 
water, alcohol, ether, or ammonium. 

quinia (kwin'-e-ah). See quinine. 

quinic (kwin'-ik) [Peruvian, kina, bark]. Pertain- 
ing to quinine, q. acid, C7H12O2, an acid occurring 
in cinchona bark, in the ivy, oak, elm, ash, coffee- 
plant, etc. q. fever, febrile symptoms, with an 
eruption; it occurs among workmen making qui- 
nine. 

quinicine (kwin'-is-en). A cinchona alkaloid, 
isomeric with quinine and qulnidine. 

quinidamine (kwin-id'-am-en). An alkaloid ob- 
tained from cinchona. 

quinidine (kwin' -id-en) [quinine], C20H24N2O2. An 
alkaloid of cinchona bark isomeric with quinine, 
which it resembles in action, differing only in being 
less powerful, q. sulphate, is used as an antiperiodic 
in doses of 20-60 gr. (1.3-4.0 Gm.). q. tannate, is 
used in diarrhea, nephritis and malaria. Dose 2-1.2 
gr. (o.t-o.8 Gm.) twice daily. 

quinimetry (kwin-im'-et-re) [quinia; ukrpov, meas- 
ure]. See quiniometry 

quinina (kwin-i' -nah) . See quinine 

quinina? (kwin-i' -ve). Genitive of quinina. 

quinine (kwin -een, kin'-een) [Peruvian, kina, bark Jt 
C 2 oH24N2 02+3H20. Quinine (quinina, U. S. P.) 
is a bitter amoiphous or crystalline alkaloid obtained 
from the bark of various species of cinchona. It is 
soluble in 900 parts of water, readily soluble in 
alcohol, ether, and chloroform, and gives a beautiful 
emerald-green color when it or its salts are treated 
with a solution of cWorine and then with ammonia. 
Quinine acts as a stimulant to the nervous system, 
causing in large doses cerebral congestion and 
lessening of the re^exes; it is a slight respirator:/ 
stimulant and a depressant to the circulation; it 
lessens the ameboid movement of the white corpuscles, 
and during fever is strongly antipyretic; it also 
possesses antiseptic properties. In large doses it 
causes ringing in the ears, a feeling of fulness in 
the head, dizziness, slight deafness and at times 
disturbances of vision; occasionally also a rise of 
temperature (quinine fever). It is used as an anti- 
periodic in malaria, in which disease it has a specific 
action; it is also employed as an antipyretic in other 
febrile affections, as a tonic in convalescence, as a 
stimulant to the uterus during parturition, in whoop- 
ing-cough, coryza, and hay -fever, q. acetate, 
C20H24N2O2 . C2H4O2. Dose 1-15 gr. (0.065-T.0 Gm.). 
q. albuminate. Dose 1-15 gr. (0.065-1.0 Gm.). 
q. bisulphate (quinina hisulphas, U. S. P.). Dose 
same as that of the sulphate, q. bromate, C20H24- 
N2O3 . HBr03, antiseptic and antipyretic. Dose 
1-30 gr. (0.065-2.0 Gm.). q. camphorate, (C20H24- 
N202)2. O0H16O4, antiseptic and antipyretic. Dose 
1-30 gr. (0.065-2.0 Gm.). q. carbolate, C20H24N2O2 . - 
CeHeO, antiseptic and antipyretic. Dose 1-30 gr. 
(0.065-2.0 Gm.). q. chlorate, C20H24N2O2 . HCIO3 
+1IH2O, explosive white crystals, soluble in. water 
and alcohol; used in fevers with symptoms of angina. 
q. chlorophosphate, C20H24N2O2. HC1 . 2PO4H3 + 
3II2O; used in obstinate cases of malaria, q. cin- 
namate, C20II24N2O2 . C9H8O2; antipyretic and anti- 
septic. Dose 1-30 gr. (0.065-2.0 Gm.). q. citrate, 
(C2oH24N 2 2 )2 . C6H8O7+7H2O. Dose 2-20 gr. (0.13- 
1.3 Gm.). q. ethylsulphate, C22H20N2O6, obtained 
from a hot alcoholic solution of sodium sulphovinate 
and quinine sulphate; recommended for subcutaneous 
use. Dose 3-8 gr. (o.iQ-0.52 Gm.). q. ferrocyanide, 
C20H24N2O2. H4Fe(CN)6-r-3H 2 0, used in night- 
sweats of tuberculosis. Dose 5-10 gr. (0.32-0.65 
Gm.). q. formate, C20H24N2O2 . CH2O2, used as is 
the sulphate, q. glycerophosphate, (C2oH„4N202)2 . - 
C3H7O3 . PO3; used in malaria, neuralgia, etc. Dose 
2 gr. (o.i Gm.). q. hydrobromide (quinines hydro- 
bromidum, U. S. P.), C20H24N2O2 . HBr+II 2 0. Used 
in the same doses as the sulphate, q. hydrochloride 
(quinince hydrochloridum, U. S. P., B. P.), given as 
i"? the sulphate, q. hydrochlorosulphate, C20II24N2O2 . - 
HC1 . H2SO4+3H2O; for hypodermatic use as causing 
less pain than any other salt of quinine, q. hydro- 



iodate, C20H24N2O2 .HI, used as a nervous sedative 
and in neuralgia internally or subcutaneously. 
Dose i-i| gr. (0.06-0.1 Gm.). q. lygosinate, a 
combination of quinine and lygosine, a fine, orange- 
yellow powder. It is bactericide and antiseptic and 
is used as a dusting-powder, q. muriate. See q. 
hydrochloride, q. oleate (oleatum quinince), a mixture 
of exsiccated quinine, 1 part, and oleic acid, 3 parts; 
used in the administration of quinine by inunction, 
q. peptonate, a brown powder containing 80 % of 
peptone and 20 % of quinine; nutrient and tonic. 
Dose 5-60 gr. (0.32-4.0 Gm.). q. phenate, q. 
phenolate. See q. carbolate. q. phosphate, (C20H24- 
N202)2H 3 P04+8H20, antiperiodic. Dose 1-30 gr. 
(0.065-2.0 Gm.). q. phthalate. (C2oH 2 4N202)2C8H 6 04; 
used as is the sulphate. Dose 1-30 gr. (0.065-2.0 
Gm.). q. quinate, C20II24N2O2 . C7H12O6+2H2O; used 
subcutaneously. Dose, as the sulphate, q. quino- 
vate, C20H24N2O2 . C24H38O4 (?), antiperiodic. Dose 
1-30 gr. (0.065-2.0 Gm.). q. saccharate, q., sac- 
charinate, C20H24N2O2 . CeHioOs, antipyretic and 
antiseptic. Dose 1-30 gr. (0.065-2.0 Gm.). q. 
salicylate (quinina salicylas, U. S. P.), 2C20H24N2O2 . - 
C7H6O3+H2O; antiperiodic, and used to relieve the 
pains of rheumatism and gout. Dose 4 gr. (0.25 Gm.). 
q. stearate, C20H22N2O2 . C18H36O2; used as is the sul- 
phate, but by inunction, q. sulphate (quinince 
sulphas, U. S. P., B. P.), is the salt most commonly 
employed. Dose in malaria 5-24 gr. (0.32-1.6 Gm.) 
before the paroxysms; as a prophylactic 2-4 gr. 
(0.13-0.26 Gm.); as a tonic 1-2 gr. (0.065-0.13 Gm); 
in whooping-cough i| gr. (0.1 Gm.) for each year of 
the child's age, or locally in solution of 1-2 gr. (0.065- 
0.13 Gm.) to the ounce (32 Co.) by the atomizer. 
q. sulphochlorhydrate, used by injection in car- 
cinoma. Dose 0.50-0.60 eg. every other day. 
q. sulphocresotate, an intestinal antiseptic, q. 
sulphoethylate. See q. ethylsulphate. q. sulpho- 
muriate. See q. hydrochlorosulphate. q. sulpho- 
tartrate, a compound of quinine sulphate and tartaric 
acid; antipyretic, antiseptic. Dose 1-30 gr. (0.065- 
.2.0 Gm.). q. sulphovinate. See q. ethylsulphate. 
q. tannate, used in whooping-cough, q. thymate, 
used as is the sulphate. Dose 1-30 gr. (0.065-2.0 
Gm.). q. and urea hydrochloride, employed chiefly 
for hypodermatic use. q.-urethane.. a nonirritant 
compound made by heating 3 parts of quinine hydro- 
chloride with 15 parts of urethane and 3 parts of 
water; used for intravenous injection, q. valerate, 
used in doses of 1-2 gr. (0.065-0.13 Gm.) in nerv- 
ous debility and hemicrania. 

quininism, quinism (kwin-en'-izm, kwin'-izm). 
Cinchonism. 

quiniometry (kwin-e-om'-et-re) [quinia; ixkrpov, 
measure] The determination of the amount of 
alkaloids contained in samples of cinchona bark. 

Quinlan's test for bile (kwin' -Ian). On examina- 
tion through a spectroscope absorption lines appear 
in the violet end of the spectrum, in the presence of 
bile. 

quinochloral (kwin-o-klo'-ral). See chinoral. 

quinoform (kwin'-o-form). See chinoform. 

quinoidine (kwin-oi'-den). See chinoidine. q., 
animal-, a basic substance obtained from animal 
tissues and having the property of fluorescence 1 ike 
quinine. 

quinol (kwin'-ol). See hydroquinone. 

quinoline (kwin'-o-lln) [quinine], C9H7N. A liquid 
alkaloid obtained in the destructive distillation of 
quinine, or cinchonine, with potassium hydroxide; 
it occurs also in coal-tar. It is antipyretic and 
antiseptic. Dose 4-10 min. (0.2-0.6 Cc). q.- 
bismuth sulphocyanate, (CHN . HSCN) 3 Bi(SCN) 3 , 
a granular, orange-red powder, insoluble in water, 
alcohol, or ether; melts at 76 C. It is used in the 
treatment of gonorrhea, skin diseases, and ulcers in 
0.5 to 1 % solution, q. monohypochlorite. See 
chinol. q. salicylate, C9H7N . C7H6O3, antiseptic and 
antirheumatic. Dose 8-15 gr. (0.5-1.0 Gm.). 
Application, 0.7 % aqueous solution, q. sulphate, 
C9H7N . H2SO4; antiseptic and used as is quinolin. 
q. tartrate, (CgE^NXGtHeOeK antipyretic and 
antiseptic. Dose 5-15 gr. (0.32-1.0 Gm.). In- 
jection in gonorrhea, 0.7 % aqueous solution. 

quinology (kwin-ol'-o-je) [Sp., quina, bark; Xoyos, 
discourse]. The scientific study of the cinchona 
trees and of their alkaloids. 

quinone (kwin' -on) [quinine], C.6H4O2. 1. A yel- 
low, crystalline substance obtained by heating quinic 
acid with manganese dioxide and sulphuric acid. 



QUINOPYRINE 



739 



Q.V. 



2. A general name for certain derivatives of the 
benzene series. 

quinopyrine {kwin-o-pi'-ren). A concentrated 
aqueous solution of quinine hydrochloride and 
antipyrin, used subcutaneously in malaria. 

quinosol (kwin'-o-sol). i. C 9 H 6 N . OSO3K+H2O. 
Oxyquinoline potassium sulphate, a yellow powder, 
soluble in water; antipyretic, antiseptic, styptic, 
and deodorant. Syn., chinosol. 2. The proprietary 
name for a neutral combination of tricresyl sulphonate 
and quinoline, with tricresol. It is not caustic, and 
is soluble in water to the extent of 1 in 25. A dis- 
infectant for surgical instruments, and bactericide. 
Application, 0.1 to 2 % solutions. 

quinotannic acid (kwin-o-tan'-ik) [quinine; tannin]. 
A form of tannic acid found in cinchona bark. 

quinotropine <kwin-o-tro'-pen). Urotropine quin- 
ate. 

quinovin (kwin'-o-vin) [Peruvian, kina, bark], 
C3sH620n. Kinovin, a bitter glucoside found in 
cinchona bark. 

quinoxim (kwin-oks'-im) [Sp., quina, bark; 6£us, 
acid]. Nitrosophenol ; prepared by the action of 
nitrous acid upon phenols. 

Quinquaud's disease (kang-ko') [Charles Eugene 
Quinquaud, French physician, 1841-1894]. A disease 
of the hair-follicles attended with cicatrization of the 
skin. Syn., acne decalvans; folliculitis decalvans. 
Q.'s panaris, phlegmonous inflammation of the 
fingers and toes of neuropathic origin, differing from 
Morvan's disease in that it is painful and never 
accompanies paretic phenomena, and ordinarily 
does not entail necrosis of the phalanges. Q.'s 
phenomenon or sign, an involuntary crepitus of hand 
and fingers when extended, often found in alcoholics. 
Q.'s sign of chronic alcoholism, the subject for 
examination is directed to hold the tips of the out- 
stretched fingers of one hand perpendicularly to the 
outspread palm of the examiner and to press upon 
it with only moderate firmness. In the course of 
two or three seconds, if the person is addicted to 
alcohol, crepitation of the phalanges will be per- 
ceptible, as if the bones of each finger impinged 
roughly upon each other. The sound ranges in 
intensity from a slight grating to crashing. 

quinquevalent (kwin-kwev'-al-ent) [quinque, five; 
valere, to be worth]. Having a valence of five; 
capable of combining with or replacing five atoms 
of hydrogen or their equivalent. 

quinquina (kwin-kwi'-na). Cinchona. 

quinquinina (kwin-kwe-ni'-nah). A preparation 
containing alkaloids of cinchona bark, extracted by 
macerating in acidulated water, and precipitated by 
a soluble alkali. 

quinquivalent (kwin-kwiv'-al-ent). See quinque- 
valent. 



quinsy (kwin'-ze) [<rvi>, with; a7xew, to choke]. 
Acute inflammation of the tonsils, usually tending 
to suppuration, q., lingual, quinsy originating in 
the lingual tonsil and involving the tongue. 

quintan (kwin'-tan) [quintus, fifth]. An inter- 
mittent fever, the paroxysms of which recur every 
four days, i. e., on the fifth, ninth, thirteenth, 
etc. 

quintessence (kwin-les'-ens) [quintus, fifth ; essentia, 
essence]. The active principle of any substance, 
concentrated to the utmost degree. 

quintipara (kwin-tip'-ar-ah) [quintus, fifth; par ere, 
to bring forth]. A woman who has been in labor 
five times, or who is in labor for the fifth time. 

quintisternum (kwin-te-ster'-num) [quintus, fifth, 
sternum]. A part of the sternum having a special 
center of ossification corresponding with the fifth 
intercostal space. 

quintuplet {kwin-tu' -plet) [quintuplex, five-fold]. 
One of five children born at one time. 

quionine (kwi'-o-nen). "Tasteless quinine." A 
mixture of cinchona alkaloids, principally cinchoni- 
dine. 

quitenidine (kwit-en'-i-den). An alkaloid formed 
by the oxidation of quinidine. 

quittor, quitter (kwit'-or, kwit'-er). In farriery, 
a fistulous wound upon the quarters or the heel of 
the coronet, caused by treads, pricks in shoeing, or 
other injuries which produce suppuration at the 
coronet or within the foot. 

quiz (kwiz) [quceso, I ask]. 1. A recitation, con- 
ducted by questions and answers, in which the student 
familiarizes himself with his studies. 2. To teach 
by this method of questions and answers. 

quizzer (kwiz'-er) [quiz]. One who conducts a quiz. 

quotidian (kwo-tid'-e-an) [quot, as many as; dies, 
day], t. Recurring every day. 2. An intermittent 
fever, the paroxysms of which recur daily, q., 
double, a fever having two paroxysms a day, usually 
differing in character. 

quotient (kwo'-shenf) [quoties, how often]. The 
result of the process of division, q., blood, the result 
obtained by dividing the quantity of hemoglobin in 
the blood by the number of erythrocytes, expressed 
in each case as a percentage of the normal amount. 
q., protein, the result of dividing the amount of 
globulin in the blood-plasma by the amount of 
albumin in it. q. respiratory, the result obtained by 
dividing the carbon dioxide expired by the oxygen 



absorbed. This is normally — = 09. 

q. v. Abbreviation for (1) quantum vis, — as much 
as you wish. (2) For quod vide — which see. 



R. The abbreviation of Reaumur, of resistance 
(electric), of residuum, of right, and of recipe, take 
(generally written R.). 

— R. Abbreviation for Rinne's test negative. 

+ R. Abbreviation for Rinne's test positive. 

Raabe's test for albumin (rah'-beh) [Gustav Raabe, 
German physician, 1875- ]. Place in a test- 
tube 1 Cc. of the liquid to be tested; on the addition 
of a small piece of trichloracetic acid a white zone 
or ring will be formed in the presence of albumin. 
The ring produced by uric ac ; d is diffused and not 
sharply denned. 

rabbeting (rab'-et-ing) [OF., rabouter, to push 
back]. The interlocking of the broken serrated 
edges of a fractured bone. 

rabelaisin {rab-el-a'-is-in). A glucoside from the 
bark of Lunasia amara, of the Philippine Islands; 
the bark is used in inflammation of the eye and as 
an arrow-poison by the Negritos. 

rabiate (ra'-be-at) [rabies, rage] Rabid. 

rabic (jab'-ik) [rabies]. Pertaining to rabies, as 
rabic virus. 

rabid (rab'-id) [rabies]. Affected with rabies 
or hydrophobia; pertaining to rabies, as rabid virus. 

rabies (rab'-e-ez) [L.]. Lyssa or hydrophobia. 
The latter term is generally applied to the human 
disease consequent upon the bite of a rabid dog or 
other animal. Rabies is an acute infectious disease 
of animals dependent upon a specific agent, Bacillus 
lyssa, and communicable to man by inoculation. 
All animals are liable to the disease, but it occurs 
most frequently in the wolf, the cat, and the dog, 
and is chiefly propagated by the latter, which is 
specially susceptible. The toxin has a special affinity 
for the nervous system, and is found in the secre- 
tions, particularly in the saliva. See hydrophobia. 
r., dumb, rabies in rodents, in which the preliminary 
and second periods are absent, and the paralytic 
stage is pronounced from the onset (Osier), r. 
canina, r. felina, rabies in or acquired from the dog 
or cat respectively, r., false. See r., pseudo. 
r. paralytic. 1. Of Gamaleia, rabies in which the 
third stage is the only manifestation of the infection. 
2. An acute ascending spinal paralysis due to infec- 
tion, probably rabietic. r., pseudo. 1. A neurotic 
or hysterical manifestation closely simulating rabies, 
out of longer duration and amenable to treatment 
(Osier). 2. A morbid condition resembling rabies 
induced experimentally in animals, and occurring in 
dogs infested with the Strongylus gigas. r., street, 
Pasteur's term for the rabies of dogs infected natur- 
ally. Fr. rage des rues. r. tanacetic, a morbid 
condition resembling rabies induced in rabbits by 
the intravenous injection of oil of tanacetum. 

rabietic (ja-be-et'-ik) [rabies, rage]. Pertaining 
to affected with, or of the nature of, rabies. 

rabific (ra-bif-ik) [rabies, rage]. Causing rabies; 
communicating hydrophobia. 

Rabuteau's test for hydrochloric acid in the con- 
tents of the stomach (rab-oo-to'). Make a solution 
containing 50 Cc. of starch mucilage, 1 Gm. of potas- 
sium iodate, and 0.5 Gm. of potassium iodide; add to 
it the filtered contents of the stomach. The solution 
will become blue in the presence of free HC1. 

race (ras). 1. A genealogic, ethnic, or tribal stock; 
a breed or variety of plants or animals made perma- 
nent by constant transmission of its characters 
through the offspring. 2. A root, especially of ginger, 
r.-ginger, ginger in the race or root. 

raceme (ra-sem') [racemus, a cluster of grapes]. 
In biology, an indeterminate inflorescence having a 
common peduncle with one-flowered pedicels ar- 
ranged along its sides, r., compound, a raceme in 
which the pedicels branch and form secondary 
racemes, r., false, a circinate, or scorpioid, cyme. 

racemose (ras'-e-mos) [racemus, a bunch of grapes]. 
Resembling a bunch of grapes, as a racemose gland. 
r. aneurysm, aneurysm by anastomosis, r. cells, 



clusters of cells arranged around a central duct 
r. varix, anastomotic varix. 

rachi- (ra-ke-) [rhachis]. A prefix meaning relating 
to the spine. For words beginning thus, see rhach-. 

racial (ra'-se-al) [origin obscure]. Pertaining or 
due to one's race. 

raclage (rak-lahzj') [Fr.]. The destruction of a 
soft growth by rubbing, as with a brush or harsh 
sponge; grattage. 

raclement. See raclage. 

rad. Abbreviation of Latin radix, root. 

radal (ra'-dal). A 20 % solution of protargol; 
used as a prophylactic in gonorrhea. 

Radcliffe's elixir (rad'-klif). Compound tincture 
of aloes. 

radesyge (rah-da-su'-geh) [Norwegian]. A disease 
also known as Scandinavian syphilis, or Norwegian 
leprosy, and characterized by ulceration and other 
cutaneous lesions. It is probable that under this 
name are included syphilitic and leprous lesions. 

radiad {ra'-de-ad) [radius; ad, toward]. Toward 
the radial side. 

radial {ra'-de-al) [radius]. 1. Radiating; diverging 
from a common center. 2. Pertaining to or in rela- 
tion with the radius or bone of the forearm, as the 
radial artery. 

radiale (ra-de-a'-le). The scaphoid bone of the 
carpus. 

radialis (ra-de-a'-lis) [L.]. Pertaining to the 
radius. Various muscles are so called. See extensor 
and flexor, under muscles, table of. 

radian (ra'-de-an). An arc whose length is equal 
to the radius of the circle of which it is a part. 

radiant (r a' -de-ant) [radius]. 1. Radiate. 2. E- 
mitting rays. r. energy, a form of energy emitted 
by all bodies in proportion to their temperature, 
and propagated by undulations in the luminiferous 
ether. When the body reaches 6oo° C, it begins to 
radiate light as well as heat. That portion of 
radiant energy which does not produce the sensation 
of light is generally spoken of as radiant heat, in 
distinction from radiant light, r. matter, matter in 
the ultragaseous state, as in a Crookes tube. 

radiate (ra'-de-at) [see radiation]. Diverging from 
a central point. 

radiated substance of kidney. The medullary 
portion of the kidney. 

radiatio (ra-de-a'-she-o) [L.]. See radiation. 

radiation (ra-de-a'-shun) [radiare, to radiate]. 
1. The act of radiating or diverging from a central 
point, as radiation of light; divergence from a center, 
having the appearance of rays. 2. In cerebral ana- 
tomy, certain groups of fibers that diverge after 
leaving their place of origin, r., acoustic, a tract of 
fibers extending from the medial geniculate body to 
the superior and transverse temporal gyri. r., 
cortico-striate, fibers running between the corpus 
striatum and the equatorial zone of the cortex, r., 
occipitothalamic, same as optic radiation, r., optic, 
a large strand of fibers continuous with those of the 
corona radiata, derived mainly from the pulvinar, 
the external and internal geniculate bodies, and the 
optic tract, and radiating into the occipital lobes, 
r., striothalamic, a system of fibers connecting the 
corpus striatum with the optic thalamus and the 
subthalamic region, r., tegmental, the radiating 
fibers of the hind # portion of the internal capsule. 
r., temporothalamic, same as acoustic radiation. 
r., thalamic, certain tracts of fibers from the optic 
thalami that radiate into the hemispheres. 

radical (rad'-ik-al) [radix, a root]. 1. Belonging 
to the root; going to the root, or attacking the cause 
of a disease; the opposite of conservative. 2. A 
group of atoms that acts in combination as a simple 
element, but is incapable of existence in the free 
state, as NEU, ammonium, Cells, phenyl, r. opera- 
tion, an operation for a complete cure of a morbid 
condition. 



RADICES 



741 



RAGLE 



radices (ra-di'-sez). Plural of radix. 

radicle (rad'-ik-l) [dim. of radix], i. A little 
root, as the radicle of a nerve, one of the ultimate 
fibrils of which a nerve is composed; radicle of a vein, 
one of the minute vessels uniting to form a vein. 
r., ascending {of the fornix), 'the anterior crura or 
fibers, extending upward from the corpora albicantia. 
r., descending (0/ the fornix), the posterior crura or 
those fibers of the fornix extending from the optic 
thalami to the corpora albicantia. r., electro- 
negative, the nonmetallic constituent of a compound 
which, in electrolysis, is evolved at the anode, r., 
electro-positive, that constituent of a salt which, in 
electrolysis, appears at the kathode, and which is 
either a base or a group of atoms having basic proper- 
ties, r., vascular, vessels uniting to form a larger 
vessel, r.s, venous, the capillaries forming the 
smallest veins. Syn., capillaries, venous. 2. See 
radical. 

radicotomy (rad-ik-ot'-o-me) [radix, root; rofir], 
incision]. Same as rhizotomy, q. v. 

radicula, radicule (rad-ik'-u-lah, rad'-ik-ul) [radi- 
cula, little root]. Same as radicle. 

radiculalgia (rad-ik-u-lal'-je-ah) [radicula, a little 
root; aXyos, pain]. Neuralgia affecting the nerve- 
roots. 

radicular (rad-ik'-u-lar). Pertaining to a root or 
to a radicle; specifically, pertaining to the roots of 
the spinal nerves, r. arteries, arteries which ac- 
company neive roots into the spinal cord. 

radiculectomy (rad-ik-u-lek'-to-me) [radicula ; 
Iktout], excision]. Excision of a nerve rootlet; resection 
of the posterior spinal nerve-roots. 

radiculitis (rad-ik-u-li'-tis) [radicula; ins, inflamma- 
tion]. Inflammation of a nerve root. 

radien (ra'-de-en) [radius]. Belonging to the 
radius in itself. 

radii (ra'-de-i) [Plural of radius, a ray], r. auricu- 
lares, lines projected on the cranium at right angles 
to a line passing through the auricular points, r. 
ciliares, the ciliary processes, r. frontis, wrinkles of 
the forehead, r. lentis, lines radiating from the 
poles of the crystalline lens. r. medullares, bundles 
of receiving tubules of the kidney, beginning in one 
tubule at the apices of the papilla?, dividing dichoto- 
mously, and extending nearly to the cortical surface. 

radio- (ra-de-o-) [radiare, to emit rays]. 1. A 
prefix meaning pertaining to radiant energy or to 
radium. 2. A prefix meaning relating to the radius. 

radioactive {ra-de-o-ak'-tiv) [radio-; active]. Ex- 
hibiting radiant energy. 

radioactivity (ra-de-o-ak-tiv'-it-e). A property 
possessed by certain substances of spontaneously 
emitting radiations which are capable of penetrating 
substances which are opaque to ordinary rays of 
light. 

radiobe ira'-de-ob) [radius, a ray; /3i'os, life]. A 
peculiar, microscopic, radium formation, thought 
to be intermediate between a crystal and a living 
microorganism. 

radiobicipital (ra-de-o-bi-sip'-it-al) [radio-; biceps]. 
Pertaining to the radius and the biceps. 

radiocarpal (ra-de-o-kar'-pal) [radio-; carpus]. 
Pertaining to the radius and the carpus. 

radiochemistry (ra'-de-o-kem'-is-ire) . That branch 
of chemistry which deals with radioactive phenomena. 

radiochronometer (ra-de-o-kro-nom'-et-er) [radio- ; 
chronometer]. An instrument for testing the charac- 
ter of Roentgen-tubes, and the penetrating quality 
of the X-rays. 

radiode ira'-de-od) [radio-; 656s, a way]. An 
electric attachment for the application of radium. 

radiodermatitis (ra-de-o-der-mat-i'-tis) . See acro- 
dermatitis. 

radiodiagnosis (ra-de-o-di-ag-no'-sis) [radio-; diag- 
nosis]. The diagnosis of a lesion by means of radio- 
graphy or radioscopy. 

radiodigital (ra-de-o-dij'-it-al) [radio-; digital]. 
1. Pertaining to the radius and the fingers. 2. Per- 
taining to the fingers on the radial side of the 
hand. 

radio-element {ra'-de-o-el'-em-ent). An element 
which possesses radioactivity. 

radiogen (ra'-de-o-jen). A trade name for certain 
radioactive products. 

radiogram (ra'-de-o-gram). See skiagram. 

radiograph (ra'-de-o-graf) [radio-; ypaxptiv, to write]. 
1. To obtain a picture by the action of radiant energy 
upon a sensitive plate. 2. Apparatus for obtaining 
such a picture. 3- A picture so produced. 



radiographer (ra-de-og'-raf-ur). One skilled in 
radiography. 

radiography (ra-de-og'-ra-fe). See skiagraphy. 

radiohumeral (ra-de-o-hu'-mer-al) [radio-; hu- 
merus]. Pertaining to the radius and the humerus. 

radiology (ra-de-ol'-o-je) [radio-; \6yos, science]. 
The science of radiant energy. 

radiolus (ra-di'-o-lus) [dim. of radius, a ray]. 
A probe or sound. _ 

radiometacarpalis (ra-de-o-met-ak-ar-pa'-lis) [ra- 
dio-; metacarpus]. The flexor carpi radialis brevis 
when the insertion is at a metacarpal bone. 

radiometer {ra-de-om'-et-er) [radio-; ixkrpov, a 
measure]. An instrument for testing the penetration 
in radiography; a skiameter. 

radiomuscular (ra-de-o-mus'-ku-lar) [radius; mus- 
cular]. Relating to the radius and its muscles. 
The name of branches of the radial artery distributed 
to the forearm, and of filaments of the radial nerve 
going to the same muscles. 

radion (ra'-de-on). A particle thrown off by a 
radioactive substance. 

radioneuritis (ra-de-o-nii-ri'-tis). A form of 
neuritis observed in persons who have worked for a 
long time with *-rays. 

radiopalmar (ra-de-c-pal'-mar) [radio-; palm], 
1. Pertaining to the radius and the palm. 2. Per- 
taining to the outer side of the palm. 

radiopraxis (ra-de-o-praks'-is) [radio-; xpa|iy, 
action; practice]. The art of applying radiant 
energy either in therapeutics or for other pur- 
poses. 

radioscopy (ra-de-os'-ko-pe) [radio-; ancoireZv, to 
view]. The process of securing an image of an 
object upon a fluorescent screen by means of radiant 
energy. 

radiostereoscopy (ra-de-o-ster-e-os'-ko-pe) [radius, 
ray; arepeos, solid; aKoirelv, to view]. The application 
of the principle of the stereoscope, obtaining a view- 
point for the left eye and one for the right by lateral 
displacement of the tube along the plane of the plate, 
determining this displacement by the formula of 
Marie and Ribault for the purpose of demonstrating 
the different planes in which various objects shown 
by radioscopy are situated. 

radiotherapeutic (ra-de-o-ther-ap-u'-tik) [radiother- 
apy]. Having reference to the therapeutic use of 
radiant energy. 

radiotherapeutics (ra-de-o-ther-ap-u'-tiks) . See 
radiotherapy. 

radiotherapy (ra-de-o-ther'-a-pe). The treatment 
of disease by means of X-rays, radium, and other 
radioactive substances. 

radiothorium (ra-de-o-thor'-e-um). A radioactive 
substance which is neither radium nor thorium, but 
has properties like those of thorium. 

radioulnar (ra-de-o-ul'-nar) [radio-; ulna]. Per- 
taining to the radius and ulna. 

radium (ra'-de-um) [radiare, to emit rays]. An 
elementary body from pitch-blende, characterized 
by the phenomenon radioactivity. It is obtained 
by the fractional reprecipitation or recrystallization 
of the barium chloride prepared from pitch-blende. 
See elements, table of. 

radius (ra'-de-us) [L., "a spoke of a wheel"]. 

1. A ray. 2. The outer of the two bones of the 
forearm, r. fixus, an imaginary line connecting the 
inion and the hormion. 

radix (ra'-diks) [L.: gen., radicis; pi., radices]. 
A root. Any one of the spinal nerve roots, r. arcus 
vertebra?, a root or pedicle of the vertebral arch. 

raffinase (raf'-in-as). The enzyme which decom- 
poses raffinose; it is found in the seed of the cotton 
plant, in the root of the sugar beet, in certain yeasts, 
and in barley and wheat during germination. 

raffinose {raf'-in-os), C18H32O16+5H2O. A tri- 
saccharid derived from beets. 

rafle (ra'-fl) [Ft.]. A pustular disease of cattle. 

rag-picker's disease. An acute febrile disease 
occurring in workmen engaged in sorting rags in 
paper-factories. It is supposed to be due to the 
inhalation of anthrax bacilli or spores, and is charac- 
terized by an exudation into the pulmonary tissue, 
bronchial glands, and pleural cavity. Syn.. hadern- 
krankheit. 

rage {raj) [ME.]. 1. Violent passion or anger. 

2. Any intensely painful affection. 3. (rahzj) [Fr.] # 
Hydrophobia; rabies. 

ragle (rahgl) [Ft.]. An hallucination due to 
isolation and insomnia, observed in French troops 



RAILWAY SICKNESS 



742 



RAMI 



while in the desert, in which they imagined they saw 
prairie and water. 

railway sickness. See car-sickness, r. kidney, a 
renal affection said to be due to the constant jar of 
railway journeys, r.-spine, a term given by Erichsen 
to a varied group of spinal symptoms consequent on 
slight injuries or concussions received in railway 
accidents. The condition is classed with the trau- 
matic neuroses and is a form of neurasthenia. It is 
frequently a cause for litigation. See Erichsen's 
disease. 

Rainey's capsules, corpuscles, or tubes (ra'-ne) 
[George Rainey, English anatomist, 1801-1884]. See 
Miescher's tubes. 

raise (raz) [ME. raisen, to raise]. To expectorate. 

raised (razd) [ME., raisen, to raise]. Elevated. 
r. base (for artificial teeth) , a term applied in mechani- 
cal dentistry to a metallic base, surmounted by a 
box or chamber soldered to it, and designed to 
compensate for the loss of substance which the parts 
have sustained. A base thus constructed is usually 
termed by dentists a raised plate. 

raising (r a' -zing). 1. Expectoration. 2. One of 
the Swedish movements, either active or passive. 
It is used for deformities of the back, to relieve 
constipation, to act upon the abdomen, etc. 

raisins (ra'-zins). Dried grapes; passu 1 a?, r., 
Corinth, currants. 

rake teeth. A term applied to teeth separated 
by intervals, like those of a rake. 

rale (rahl) [Fr., rdler, to rattle]. An adventitious 
sound heard over the chest during respiration and 
indicating some local disturbance. Rales are either 
dry or moist (produced by the bubbling of air through 
liquid), sonorous or sibilant. They are also classi- 
fied according to their place of production into 
laryngeal, tracheal, bronchial, vesicular, cavernous, 
pleural, pericardial, r., amphoric, a large*, musical, 
tinkling rale, heard in inspiration and expiration, in 
tuberculous and abscess cavities; produced by move- 
ment of air in a tense-walled cavity containing _ air 
and communicating with a bronchus, r., bubbling, 
large, a moist rale, larger than the medium bubbling, 
heard in inspiration and expiration in bronchitis 
and pulmonary engorgement; produced by passage 
of air through frothy mucus in the trachea and 
larger bronchi, r., bubbling, medium, a moist rale 
larger than the small bubbling, heard in inspiration 
and expiration in capillary bronchitis, especially in 
children; produced by the passage of air through 
mucus in the larger tubes, r., bubbling, small, a 
small, moist rale, sounding like the bursting of small 
bubbles, heard in inspiration and expiration in 
capillary bronchitis, especially in children; produced 
by the passage of air through mucus in the bronchi- 
oles, r., cavernous, a hollow, metallic rale, heard 
in inspiration and expiration in the third stage of 
pulmonary tuberculosis; produced by the passage of 
air through a small cavity with flaccid walls that 
collapse with expiration, r., clicking, a small, 
sticky rale heard in inspiration in the early stage of 
pulmonary tuberculosis; caused by passage of air 
through softening material in the smaller bronchi. 
r., consonating, a bright, clear, ringing rale, heard 
in inspiration and expiration in tuberculous pneu- 
monia; produced when the bronchial tubes are sur- 
rounded by a consolidated tissue, r., crackling, dry, 
a sharp, short, clicking rale, heard in inspiration 
in the second or softening stage of pulmonary tuber- 
culosis and in pulmonary gangrene; produced by the 
breaking down of lung tissue, r., crackling, large, a 
dry rale larger than the medium crackling, heard in 
inspiration and expiration, in pulmonary tuberculosis 
and pneumonia, after the formation of small cavities; 
produced by fluid in very small cavities, r., crack- 
ling, medium, a dry rale, larger than the small 
crackling, heard chiefly in inspiration, in softening of 
tuberculous deposit or pneumonic exudation; caused 
by fluid in thejfiner bronchi, r., crackling, small, 
a small, dry rale, sounding like the breaking of small 
shells, heard chiefly in inspiration, in softening of 
tuberculous deposit or pneumonic exudation ; pro- 
duced by fluid in the finer bronchi, r., crepitant, 
a small rale, sounding like the rubbing of hair be- 
tween the fingers, heard at the end of inspiration in 
pneumonia, early stage, edema of the lungs, hypo- 
static pneumonia; localized in pulmonary tubercu- 
losis. Produced by the passage of air into vesicles, 
collapsed or containing fibrinous exudation; usually 
at the base of the lungs, r. de retour. Same as rale 



redux. r., dry, a large and sonorous, or small and 
hissing or whistling rale heard in inspiration and 
expiration in bronchitis and asthma, localized in 
beginning pulmonary tuberculosis; produced by 
narrowing of the bronchial tubes from thickening 
of the mucous lining, from spasmodic contraction of 
the muscular coat, viscid mucus within, or pressure 
from without, r., extrathoracic, one produced in 
the trachea or larynx, r., friction, a grazing, rubbing, 
grating, creaking, or crackling rale heard in inspira- 
tion and expiration, most distinct at the end of 
inspiration, in pleurisy and pericarditis; produced by 
the rubbing together of serous surfaces, roughened 
by inflammation or deprived of their natural secre- 
tion, r., gurgling, a moist rale, larger than the 
large bubbling, sounding like the bursting of large 
bubbles, heard in inspiration and expiration in 
pulmonary tuberculosis after the formation of large 
cavities, r., guttural, one produced in the throat. 
r., moist, one produced by the passage of air through 
bronchi containing fluid, r., mucous (of Laennec), 
a modification of the subcrepitant rale, heard in 
inspiration and expiration in pulmonary emphysema; 
produced by viscid bubbles bursting in the bronchial 
tubes, r. redux, return of the crepitant rale heard 
in the resolution stage of pneumonia; produced by 
the passage of air through fluid in a bronchial tube. 
Syn., rale de retour. r., sibilant, a high-pitched and 
even hissing or piping rale, heard in inspiration and 
expiration in bronchitis, asthma, and localized in be- 
ginning pulmonary tuberculosis ; produced by narrow- 
ing of the smaller bronchi from viscid mucus adhering 
to the walls, from thickening of the lining membrane, 
or spasmodic contraction, r., sonorous, a low-pitched, 
snoring rale, heard in inspiration and expiration, most 
frequently in bronchitis and spasmodic asthma; 
produced by lessened caliber of the larger bronchi, 
from spasm, tumefaction of mucous lining, or external 
pressure, r., subcrepitant, a small, moist rale heard 
in inspiration and expiration in capillary bronchitis; 
produced by the passage of air through mucus in the 
capillary bronchial tubes, r., subcrepitant, Hirtz's, 
a moist, metallic rale, pathognomonic of tuberculous 
softening, r. vesicular. Same as r. crepitant. 

Ralfe's test [Charles Henry Ralfe, English physi- 
cian, 1842-1896]. 1. For acetone in urine: Boil 
4 Cc. of liquor potassa? with 1.5 gm. of potassium 
iodide; overlay it with 4 Cc. of urine; a yellow ring 
studded with specks of iodoform appears at the line 
of contact. 2. For peptones in urine: Place 4 Cc. 
of Fehling's solution in a test-tube, and overlay it 
with an equal amount of urine; a rose-colored halo 
appears above the zone of phosphates. 

ramal (ya'-mal) [ramus, a branch]. Pertaining 
to a ramus; branching, ramalis vena, the portal 
vein and its branches. 

ramaninjana (ram-an-in-yah'-nah). A nervous 
disease of Madagascar. 

Ramdohr's operation (ram'-dar) [C. A. von Ramdohr, 
American surgeon, 1855-1912]. For enter or rhaphy ; 
the insertion of the proximal within the distal end of 
the intestine, and suturing. R.'s suture, invagination 
of the upper portion of the intestine into the lower, 
followed by suture. 

ramenta (ra-men'-tah) [L.; pi., filings, scrapings]. 
Shreds, filings, or shavings, r. ferri, iron filings. 
r. intestinorum, shreds of intestinal mucus discharged 
with the evacuations in severe dysentery. 

ramex (ra'-meks) [gen., ramicis: pi., ramices], A 
hernia, or hernial or scrotal tumor, r. varicosus, 
variococele. 

rami (ra'-mi) [L.]. Plural of ramus, q. v. r. 
accelerantes, accelerator nerves, r. alares, branches 
of the lateral nasal artery supplying the nasal pinnae. 
r. anteriores nervorum spinalium, the anterior 
divisions of the spinal nerves, r. cardiaci (neryi 
vagi), the cardiac branches of the pneumogastric 
nerve, r. communicantes noni, the branch of the 
descendens noni which join the communicating 
branches of the second and third cervical nerves, 
r. emissaria, branches of the anterior spinal plexuses 
which emerge through the intervertebral and anterior 
sacral foramina, r. intestinales, branches of the 
cerebrospinal nerves supplying the abdominal viscera. 
r., ischio-pubic, the descending rami of the ischium 
and the pubes taken as one. r. linguales (nervi 
glossopharyngei), the terminal branches of the 
ninth nerve, r. marginales, the branches of the 
palpebral arteries which aid in forming the arcus 
arteriosus palpebral r. musculares, unnamed 



RAMIE 



743 



RANSOHOFF'S OPERATION 



branches of nerves or blood-vessels distributed to 
the muscles. r. olfactorii, the olfactory nerve. 
r. pharyngei (nervi vagi), the branches of the vagus 
going to the pharynx, r. ventrales, the branches 
of the intercostal arteries distributed to the inter- 
costal muscles and to the ribs. 

ramie (ram'-e) [Malay]. See r. fiber, r. fiber, 
China-grass. The bast fiber from two varieties 
of Boehmeria nivea, known in India as Rhea, and in 
the Malay Archipelago as Ramie. The properly 
prepared fiber is of fine, silky luster, soft, and extra- 
ordinarily strong. It is the most perfect of all the 
vegetable fibers, and is composed of pure cellulose. 

ramification (ram-if-ik-a'-shun) [ramus ; facere, to 
make], i. The act or state of branching. 2. A branch. 

ramify (ram'-e-fi) [see ramification]. To form 
branches; to branch. 

ramolescence {ram-o-les'-ens) [Fr. ramollir, to 
soften]. A softening; mollification. 

ramolissement (rah-mo-les-mon(g)) [Fr.]. Morbid 
softening of any tissue or part. 

Ramon y CajaPs cells (rah-mon'-e-kah-hahV). See 
Cajal. 

ramose (ra'-mos) [ramus]. Having many branches; 
branching. 

Ramsden's eye-piece [Jesse Ramsden, English 
optician, 1735-1800]. An eye-piece having two 
plano-convex lenses, used with a micrometer. 

ramulus (ram'-u-lus) [L.: pi., ramuli]. A small 
branch, or ramus. 

ramus (ra'-mus) [L.; pi., rami]. 1. A branch, 
especially of a vein, artery, or nerve. 2. A slender 
process of bone projecting like a branch or twig from 
a large bone, as the ramus of the lower jaw; ascending 
ramus of the ischium; ascending or horizontal ramus 
of the pubes. r. abdominalis, the hypogastric nerve. 
r. acetabuli, a branch of the internal circumflex artery 
supplying the hip-joint, r. anastomoticus, the branch 
of an artery by which an anastomosis is established. 
r. anterior ascendens, r. anterior nervi acustici. 
See cochlear nerve, r. ascendens, the anterior branch 
of the fissure of Sylvius, r. ascendens glabellaris, 
the branch of the angular artery going to the inner 
angle of the orbit, r. ascendens nervi vagi, a branch 
of the superior laryngeal nerve going to the epiglottis. 
r. ascendens (inferior) ossis ischii, the ascending 
branch of the ischium, r., ascending (of the ischium) , 
the portion between its tuberosity and the aceta- 
bulum, r. ascending (of the pubic bone), the portion 
between its body and the acetabulum, r. auricularis 
nervi vagi. See nerve of Arnold, r. bulbocavernosus. 
See artery of the bulb of the urethra, r. canalis spinalis, 
the branch of the intercostal artery supplying the 
walls of the spinal canal, r. cardiacus nervi vagi 
inferior, inferior cardiac nerve, r. cardiacus nervi 
vagi superior, superior cardiac nerve, r. cervi- 
cofacialis (nervi facialis), cervicofacial nerve, r. 
cochleae, r. cochlearis, the cochlear nerve, r. com- 
municans, a branch of a spinal nerve connecting it 
with m the sympathetic ganglia, r. communicans 
anterior, anterior _ communicating artery of the 
brain, r. communicans medullas spinalis, a branch 
of a spinal nerve uniting it with the sympathetic. 
r. communicans posterior, the posterior communi- 
cating artery of the brain, r. cruralis, lumbo- 
inguinal nerve, r. cutaneus nervi radialis. See 
radial nerve, r. cutaneus palmaris longus. See 
r. palmaris longus nervi mediant, r. descendens. 
1. The descendens noni nerve. 2. The inferior 
division of the inferior maxillary nerve, r. descendens 
nervi hypoglossi, the descendens noni nerve, r. 
descendens (superior) ossis ischii, the descending 
branch of the ischium, r. descendens ossis pubis, 
the descending branch of the pubic bone, r., de- 
scending (of the ischium), the portion between its 
body and tuberosity, r., descending (of the pubic 
bone), the portion included between its body and 
its junction with the ischium, r. dexter arteriae 
pulmonalis, the right pulmonary artery, r. dorsalis 
nasi, the dorsal artery of the nose. r. dorsalis nervi 
radialis. See radial nerve, r. dorsalis nervi ulnaris. 
See ulnar nerve, r. dorsalis pollicis radialis, that 
part of the radial artery which winds round the outer 
side of the carpus and crosses the thumb beneath 
the extensor tendons, r. durae matris vagi, a branch 
from the jugular ganglion going to the meninges. 
r*v externus, r. femoralis, lumbo-inguinal nerve. 
r. hepaticus dexter, the right hepatic artery, r. 
hepaticus sinister, the left hepatic artery, r., hori- 
zontal (of the pubic bone). See r., ascending (of the 



pubic bone), r. horizontalis fissuras Sylvii, the 
posterior limb of the fissure of Sylvius, r. hori- 
zontalis mandibular, the body of the inferior maxilla. 
r. horizontalis (superior) ossis pubis (pectinis), the 
horizontal ramus of the pubic bone. r. of the inferior 
maxilla, the portion ascending from the angle, and 
terminating in the condyle and coronoid process. 
r. intermedius. See r. anastomoticus. r. lingualis 
recurrens. See r. ascendens nervi vagi. r. magnus 
nervi mediani, the musculocutaneous nerve. r. 
major nervi maxillaris inferioris, the greater of the 
two primary branches of the inferior maxillary nerve. 
r. malaris, the inferior branch of the orbital nerve. 
r. marginalis, the dorsal branch of the radial 
nerve supplying the thumb, r. mastoideus. 1. 
The small occipital nerve. 2. The occipital branch of 
the "posterior auricular artery. 3. The posterior di- 
vision of the great auricular nerve, r. maxillaris, 
inferior nervi trigemini. See inferior maxillary nerve. 
r. maxillaris superior (medius) nervi trigemini. See 
superior maxillary nerve, r. medullas spinalis, the 
spinal branch of the intercostal artery supplying the 
spinal cord. r. meningeus posterior. See r. durce 
matris vagi. r. minor nervi vidiani, the great super- 
ficial petrosal nerve, r. muscularis nervi radialis, the 
radial nerve, r. nasalis nervi ophthalmici. See 
naso-ciliary nerve, r. nutriens, the nutrient artery 
of a bone. r. ophthalmicus (quinti), the ophthalmic 
nerve, r. ossis maxillae inferioris. See r. of the 
inferior maxilla, r. ovarii. See artery, ovarian, r. 
palmaris longus nervi mediani, a branch of the median 
nerve distributed to the integument of palm of the 
hand. r. perpendiculares (mandibular). See r. of 
inferior maxilla, r. posterior. 1. The ilio-lumbar 
artery. 2. The posterior limb of the fissure of 
Sylvius, r. primus nervi trigemini (primus quinti). 
See ophthalmic nerve, r. profundus nervi radialis. 
See radial nerve, r. recurrens vagi, a branch of the 
jugular ganglion which goes to the transverse sinus 
through the jugular foramen, r. secundus (ganglii 
Gasserii), r. secundus nervi trigemini (quinti paris), 
the superior maxillary nerve, r. sinister arteriae 
pulmonalis, the left pulmonary artery, r. sinualis, 
the recurrent branch of the ophthalmic nerve going 
to the tentorium, r. sublimis (volaris superficialis) 
arteriae radialis, the superficial volar artery, r. 
superficialis nervi radialis, the radial nerve, r. 
superior ossis ischii, the descending ramus of the 
ischium, r. superioris nervi trigemini, r. superioris 
quinti, the ophthalmic nerve, r. supraspinatus, the 
suprapinous artery, r. tertius nervi trigemini, the 
inferior maxillary nerve, r. vestibularis, the vesti- 
bular nerve, r. volaris nervi ulnaris, the volar dis- 
tribution of the ulnar nerve. 

ramuscule (ra-mus'-kul) [ramusculus]. A little 
branch, especially of the pial arteries. 

rancid (ran'-sid) [rancidus, sour]. Having a rank 
or musty smell or taste; a term applied to fats and 
oils that have undergone decomposition with the 
development of volatile principles. 

rancidity (ran-sid'-it-e) [rancid]. The state of 
being rancid. 

Randia (ran'-de-ah) [Isaac Rand, an English 
botanist of the eighteenth century]. A genus of 
cinchonaceous shrubs. R. aculeata, of West India; 
ink-berry, indigo plant. The juice of the fruit is 
astringent. R. dumetorum, of India; has a poisonous 
and strongly emetic fruit. R. longifiora, of Bengal; 
the cortex is used in intermittent fever. 

Randolph's test for peptones in urine [Nathaniel 
Archer Randolph, American physician, 1858-1887]. 
To 5 c.c. of faintly acid urine add 2 drops of saturated 
solution of potassium iodide and 3 or 4 drops of 
Millon's reagent; a yellow precipitate indicates the 
presence of peptones. 

range (ranj) [Fr., ranger, to dispose]. Scope; 
extent, r. of accommodation. See accommodation, 
range of relative. 

ranine (ra'-nln) [rana, a frog]. 1. Pertaining to 
a frog. 2. Pertaining to a ranula or to the region 
in which a ranula occurs, as ranine artery. 

Ranke's angle (ran'-keh) [Hans Randolph Ranke, 
Dutch anatomist, 1849-1887]. The angle between 
the horizontal plane of the head and a line from 
the center of the alveolar border to the center of the 
frontonasal suture. 

Ransohoff's operation (ran'-so-hof) [Joseph Ranso- 
hoff, American surgeon, 1853- ]• Discission of 
the pulmonary pleura, employed as a substitute for 
decortication. 



RANULA 



744 



RATIONAL 



ranula (ran'-U-lah) [rana, a frog]. A cystic tumor 
beneath the tongue, due to the occlusion of the duct 
of the sublingual or submaxillary gland, or of a 
mucous gland of the floor of the mouth. Syn., frog- 
tongue, r. lapidea, salivary calculi, r. pancreatica, 
a dilated saccular condition of the larger pancreatic 
ducts due to calculous obstruction, r., suprahyoid, 
a cystic tumor situated above the hyoid bone. 

ranunculaceous (ra-nung-ku-la'-se-us) [ranunculus, 
a medicinal plant]. Noting, or relating to plants of 
the order Ranunculacece. 

ranunculus (ra-nung'-ku-lus) [L.]. A genus of 
acrid herbs. Many of the species are poisonous and 
have been used as a counterirritants and vesi- 
cants. R. acris is very irritant and causes erythema 
a?stivum. 

Ranvier's accessory plexus (ron(g)-ve-a) [Louis 
Antoine Ranvier, French histologist, 1835- ]. 
The superficial stroma plexus of the cornea. R.'s 
cells, connective-tissue corpuscles occurring in tendon. 
R.'s crosses, black, crucial figures seen at Ranvier's 
nodes on staining with silver nitrate. The trans- 
verse branch of the cross is represented by the line 
of constriction, and the longitudinal branch by the 
axis-cylinder. R.'s nodes, annular constrictions 
of the neurilemma, with discontinuity of the medul- 
lary sheath of the nerve-fiber. R.'s tactile discs, 
nerve-endings consisting of small, cup-shaped bodies, 
the concave side of which is directed toward the free 
surface of the epidermis. 

rape (rap) [rapere, to seize]. Sexual intercourse 
with a woman without her free consent, r.-seed, 
the seed of wild turnip, Brassica campestris. 

raphania (raf-a'-ne-ah) [pa<f>avls, radish]. A 
nervous affection attended with spasmodic disorder 
of the joints and the limbs. It has been attributed 
to a poisonous principle in the seeds of the wild 
radish, which become mixed with grain. The affec- 
tion is allied to ergotism and pellagra. 

raphe (raf'-a) [pa<t>i], a seam]. A seam or ridge, 
especially one indicating the line of junction of two 
symmetrical halves, r. of the ampulla, longitudinal 
ridge on the roof of the ampulla of the semicircular 
canal, r. exterior, the stria longitudinalis medialis. 
r. inferior corporis callosi, the raphe on the inferior 
surface of the corpus callosum. r. palati duri. Same 
as r. palatine, r., palatine, the narrow ridge of mucosa 
in the mesial line of the palate, r. of the penis, a 
continuation of the raphe of the scrotum upon the 
penis, r., perineal, the ridge of skin in the middle 
line of the perineum, r. of the pharynx, a fibrous 
band in the median line of the posterior wall of the 
pharynx, r. of the pons, the intersection of the 
fibers at the meson as seen in transection, r. post- 
oblongata, the posterior median fissure of the medulla 
oblongata, r. of the scrotum, a median ridge dividing 
the scrotum into two lateral halves; it is continuous 
posteriorly, with the raphe of the perineum, anteriorly 
with the raphe of the penis, r. Stilling's, a narrow 
band connecting the pyramids of the oblongata. 
r. superior corporis callosi, the longitudinal raphe 
in the middle of the superior surface of the corpus 
callosum. r. of the tongue, a median furrow on the 
dorsal surface of the tongue corresponding to the 
fibrous septum which divides it into symmetrical 
halves. 

raphidiospore (ra-fid'-e-o-spor). See exotospore. 

raptus (rap'-tus) [rapere, to seize]. Any sudden 
attack or seizure; rape. r. haemorrhagicus, a sudden 
hemorrhage, r. maniacus, transient frenzy, r. 
melancholicus, sudden and vehement melancholy. 
r. nervorum, cramp or spasm. 

rarefaction (rar-e-fak'-shun) [rarus, thin; rare; 
facere, to make]. The act of rarefying or of decreas- 
ing the density of a substance, especially the air. 
r. of bone, the process of rendering bone more 
porous. 

rarefy (rar'-e-fi) [see rarefaction]. To make less 
dense or more porous. 

rarefying osteitis. See osteoporosis. 

raritas (rar'-it-as) [L.]. Rarity. r. dentium, 
fewness of teeth; less than the usual number of teeth, 
with or without interspaces between them. 

rasceta (ras-e'-tah) [L.]. The transverse lines or 
creases on the inner side of the wrist. 

Rasch's sign [Hermann Rasch, German obstetri- 
cian, 1873- ]. Fluctuation obtained by applying 
two fingers of the right hand to the cervix, as in 
ballottement, and steadying the uterus through the 
abdomen with the left hand. It depends upon the 



presence of the liquor amnii, and is an early sign of 
pregnancy. 

rash [OF., rasche, from radere, to scrape]. A 
superficial eruption of the skin or mucous membrane. 
r., amygdalotomy, one that generally appears on the 
neck, chest, or abdomen two or three days after an 
operation on hypertrophied tonsils, r., caterpillar-, a 
localized eruption attributed to the irritant action of 
the hairs of certain caterpillars, r., drug-, one pro- 
duced by drugs, r., medicinal. Seer., drug-, r., mul- 
berry-, an eruption resembling an exanthem of 
measles, sometimes occurring in typhus, r., nettle-. 
See nettlerash. r., rose-. See roseola, r., scarlet. 
See scarlatina, r., tonsillotomy. See r., amygdalo- 
tomy. _ r., tooth-, any rash attributed to dentition. 

rasion (ra'-zjun) [radere, to scrape]. The scraping 
of drugs with a file. 

Rasmussen's aneurysm. Dilatation of an artery 
in a tuberculous cavity; its rupture is a frequent cause 
of hemorrhage. R.'s test for urobilin, shake together 
thoroughly equal parts of urine and ether to which 
has been added 6 or 7 drops of tincture of iodine. 
Allow it to stand until the solution separates into an 
upper layef of ether and iodine and a lower one of 
urine. In the presence of bile the lower layer turns 
green if biliverdin also exists. 

Raspail's reaction for albumins. These are 
colored red by sugar and concentrated sulphuric 
acid. R.'s sedative water, a lotion containing 
camphor and ammonia. 

raspatory (ras'-pa-to-re) [raspatorium, from radere, 
to scrape]. A rasp or file for trimming the rough 
surfaces of bones or for removing the periosteum. 

raspberry (raz'-ber-e). The fruit of Rubus idceus, 
a plant of the order Rosacea. A syrup is used as a 
vehicle and as a drink in fevers. 

rasura (ra-zu'-rah) [L.]. 1. The process of rasping, 
shaving, or scraping. 2. Scrapings; filings. 

rat [ME., ratte, rat]. A rodent of the family 
muridce. r.-tail sutures, fibers from the rat's tail, 
used instead of silk or gut, for surgical sutures. 
r.-tooth forceps. See forceps. 

ratafia (rat-a-fe'-ah) [Malay, arag, arrack; tafia, a 
spirit distilled from molasses]. A name for various 
liqueurs, or aromatized and sweetened cordials. 

ratany, ratanhia (rat'-an-e, rat-an'-he-ah). See 
krameria. 

Rathke's duct (rath'-keh) [Martin Heinrich Rathke, 
German anatomist, 1 793-1 860]. That portion of 
Mueller's duct which intervenes between the latter 
and the sinus pocularis; it may persist after birth 
as a patulous duct. R.'s folds, two projecting folds 
of the fetal mesoderm which are placed between the 
orifice of the intestine and the allantois and unite 
in the median line to form Douglas' septum. R.'s 
glands. See Jacobson's organ. R., investing mass 
of, the membranous capsule covering the end of the 
chorda dorsalis in the developing embryo and 
forming the rudiment of the base of the skull. It 
molds itself on the cerebral vesicles, so as to consti- 
tute the membrane in which the vault of the skull is 
developed. The membranous capsule at the base 
of the skull presents two thickenings, the lateral 
trabecular of Rathke, directed forward and enclosing 
the pituitary opening. R., lateral trabeculae of. 
See R., investing mass of. R.'s pouch, in the embryo, 
the diverticulum of the pharyngeal membrane which 
is connected with the midbrain, and ultimately forms 
the anterior lobe of the hypophysis. 

ratio (ra'-she-o) [L.]. 1. The mind or reasoning 
faculties. 2. In chemistry and pharmacy, the pro- 
portion of ingredients or of atomic composition. 
r. medendi, the theory or scheme of a course of 
medical treatment, r., ocular micrometer, the 
number obtained by finding the number of divisions 
on the ocular micrometer required to include the 
image of an entire millimeter of the stage micrometer. 

ration (r a' '-shun) [ratio, proportion]. The daily 
allowance of food or drink, r., emergency, one with 
high force-value and with sufficient available nitro- 
gen for the needs of hard labor, prepared in com- 
pact form and designed for occasions when the use 
of the regular ration is impracticable. 

rational (rash'-un-al) [ratio, reason]. Based upon 
reason; reasonable. In therapeutics, opposed to 
empirical, r. formula, a chemical formula which shows, 
either partly or completely, the constitution of a 
compound, r. symptoms, the symptoms elicited 
by questioning the patient, as opposed to those 
ascertained by physical examination. 



RATSBANE 



745 



REACTION 



ratsbane (ratz'-ban). i. Arsenic trioxide. 2. A 
name given to any rat-poison containing arsenic. 

rattle (rat'-l) A rale, r., death-, a gurgling sound 
observed in dying persons, due to the passage of the 
air through mucus in the trachea. 

Rau's process (row) [Johannes Jacobus Rau, 
Dutch anatomist, 1668-17 19]. The longer process 
at the junction of the handle with the neck of the 
malleus. It is also called the Folian process. 

Rauber's layer (row' -her) [August Antinous Rauber, 
German anatomist, 1845- ]. A superficial stra- 
tum of fiat cells occurring in the center of the em- 
bryonal spot at an early stage in the development of 
the blastodermic membranes. 

raucedo (raw-se'-do) [raucus, hoarse]. Hoarseness 
arising from inflammation of the mucosa of the 
larynx and throat, r. catarrhalis, hoarseness re- 
sulting from laryngitis, r. potatorum, hoarseness 
caused by drinking whisky or other distilled liquors. 
r. syphilitica, chronic hoarseness due to secondary 
syphilitic affections of the larynx. 

Rauchfuss's triangle (rowk'-foos) [Charles Andreye- 
vich Rauchfuss, Russian physician, 1835- ]. 
Same as Grocco's triangle. 

raucitas (raw' -sit-as). See raucedo. 

rauschbrand. (rowsh' -brant) The German name 
for black-leg. 

ray (ra) [radius, a ray]. 1. A beam of light or 
heat; one of the component elements of light or 
heat. 2. One of a number of lines diverging from a 
common center, r.s, actinic. See r.s, chemical. 
r.s, alpha-, rays discovered by Rutherford, emanating 
from uranium, thorium, and radium, and differing 
from kathode rays in having much less penetrating 
power and in not being deviated ordinarily either by 
a magnet or an electrically charged body, r.s, 
Becquerel, invisible radiations of electrified particles 
or ions projected from radioactive bodies, such as 
uranium, radium, polonium, or their salts, without 
evident cause, and persisting over long periods. 
r.s, beta-, Rutherford's name for the kathode rays 
emitted by radioactive substances. They differ 
from the alpha-rays in greater penetrating power, 
weaker electric power, and in carrying a negative 
charge, r.s, chemical, solar rays that produce chem- 
ical change; see phototherapy, r.s, diakathodic, 
bluish rays obtained by directing the ordinary 
kathode rays upon a piece of wire gauze or upon a 
spiral of wire which is itself negatively electrified. 
They are not directly affected by a magnet, r.- 
fungus. See actinomyces. r.s, gamma-, a type of 
Becquerel rays more highly penetrating than the 
alpha-rays and beta-rays, but insignificant in energy 
compared with them, r.s, Goldstein, kathode rays 
which have been altered by being passed through a 
perforated metallic plate, r.s, hard, Roentgen rays 
coming from a tube the exhaustion of which is 
sufficient to cause a considerable difference in the 
potential between the kathode and the anode and in 
the velocity of the kathode rays. They have high 
penetrating powers. Cf. r.s, soft, r.s, Hertzian, 
radiant energy having the greatest wave length of 
any yet discovered in the spectrum, supposed to be 
several miles in length. These rays have the peculiar 
property of converting poor electric contacts into 
good ones when they fall upon them, r.s, kathode, 
the stream of negatively electrified particles emanat- 
ing from the kathode of a Crookes tube and passing 
in straight lines regardless of the anode. They are 
capable of deflection with a magnet and produce 
fluorescence and heat wherever they impinge, r.s, 
Lenard, cathode rays outside the vacuum tube as 
described by Philipp Lenard (1894) and secured by 
him by means of an aluminum window, r., medul- 
lary, of the kidney, any one of the bundles of tubules 
that are the continuation into the cortex of the 
malpighian pyramids, r.s, N-, a form of ether- 
waves discovered by Blondlot (1903) and named 
after the initial letter of Nancy, in the university 
of which his researches were conducted. They 
increase the brightness of an electric spark or the 
luminosity of phosphorescent bodies; they are 
emitted by the Roentgen-ray tube, by an Auer- 
Welsbach incandescent gas-mantle, by the ordinary 
gas-flame, but not by a Bunsen burner; the sun 
emits these in abundance, as does the Nernst lamp. 
Compression, torsion, and strain of many solids 
will cause the emission of the raysj living bodies, 
plants, and animals emit them, r.s, Niewenglowski's, 
certain luminous rays emitted from phosphorescent 



substances which may pass through opaque screens 
and affect sensitive plates. Niewengloski was 
probably the first to establish the existence of such 
rays, r.s, photographic. See r.s, ultraviolet, r.s, 
positive. See r.s, Goldstein, r.s, Roentgen-, the 
ether-rays or waves discovered by Roentgen, of 
Wiirzburg, and named by him #-rays. A vacuum- 
tube of glass (called a Geissler tube, a Hittorf or a 
Crookes tube) is used with tw6 wires sealed through 
the glass. These wires are connected with the two 
poles of a battery, and Roentgen found that the 
rays from the kathode (kathode rays) had peculiar 
penetrative powers through matter opaque to other 
ether-rays, and that by means of these rays photo- 
graphs ("shadowgrams") may be taken of bones, 
metallic substances, etc., situated in the tissues; 
they readily traverse living tissues and influence the 
nutrition of the deeper ones ; they have no appreciable 
effect on the vitality of bacteria. Hertz, and 
especially Lenard, prior to Roentgen, had discovered 
this penetrating power of the kathode rays, but 
failed to make the application suggested by Roentgen. 
r.s, S of Sagnac, secondary rays emanating from 
metals on which Roentgen rays fall and distinguish 
from the primary rays irregularly refracted by 
difference in character, not being nearly so pene- 
trating; the lighter the metal struck by the primary 
rays, the more penetrating the secondary rays. 
r.s, soft, rays coming from a tube the pressure in 
which is fairly low; they are readily absorbed. Cf. 
r.s, hard, r.s, ultraviolet, waves of the luminiferous 
ether which do not affect the retina. They can be 
reflected, refracted, and polarized; they will not 
traverse many bodies that are pervious to the rays 
of the visible spectrum; they produce photographic 
and photochemical effects, and destroy rapidly the 
vitality of bacteria. Syn., actinic rays; photographic 
rays, r.s, uranium. See r.s, Becquerel. r.s, X-. 
See r.s. Roentgen. 

Ray's mania. Moral insanity, regarded by Ray 
as a distinct form of mental disorder. 

Raygat's test of live birth (ra'-gat). Place the 
lungs in water and note their specific gravity. If 
inflation has occurred they will float. Also called 
hydrostatic test. 

Raynaud's disease (ra-no') [A. G. Maurice Ray- 
naud, French physician, 1834-1881]. 1. A tro- 
phoneurosis characterized by three grades of inten- 
sity: (a) Local syncope, observed most frequently 
in the extremities, and producing the condition 
known as dead fingers or dead toes, (b) Local 
asphyxia, which usually follows local syncope, but 
may develop independently. The fingers, toes, and 
ears are the parts usually affected. In the most 
extreme degree the parts are swollen, stiff, and livid, 
and the capillary circulation is almost stagnant, 
(c) Local or symmetrical gangrene. Small areas of 
necrosis appear on the pads of the fingers and of the 
toes, also at the edges of the ears and tip of the 
nose. Occasionally symmetrical patches are seen on 
the limbs or trunk, and in severe cases terminate in 
extensive gangrene. Some cases are attended by 
hemoglobinuria. The pathology of the disease is 
obscure. 2. Paralysis of the muscles of the throat 
following parotitis. R.'s gangrene. See R.'s disease 
(1). R.'s phenomenon, a white and cold condition 
of the fingers, alternating with burning heat and 
redness, occurring in Raynaud's disease (q. v.), and 
showing vasomotor disturbance. 

Rb. Chemical symbol of rubidium. 

R. C. P. Abbreviation for Royal College of Physi- 
cians. 

R. C. S. Abbreviation for Royal College of Sur- 
geons. 

R. D. Abbreviation for reaction of degeneration. 

R. D. A. Abbreviation denoting the right dorso- 
anterior position of the fetus. 

R. D. P. Abbreviation denoting the right dorso- 
posterior position of the fetus. 

R. E. Abbreviation for right eye. 

Re. Abbreviation for Reaumur, or the degree of 
Reaumur's thermometer scale. 

re-. A Latin prefix signifying back or again. 

reabsorption (re-ab-sorp'-shun). See resorption. 

reaching (rech'-ing) [ME., rechen, to reach]. To 
attempt to vomit; to retch. 

reacquired (re-ak-wird') [re, again; acquirere, to 
acquire]. Acquired a second time. r. movements. 
See acquired movements. 

reaction (re-ak'-shun) [re, again; agere, to act]. 



REACTIVATE 



746 



RECESS 



i. Counteraction; opposite action; interaction. 

2. The response of an organ or part to a stimulus. 

3. In chemistry — (a) interaction of two or more 
substances when brought in contact; (&) the response 
to a certain test, as acid reaction, alkaline reaction, 
responding to the test for acid and alkali respectively. 
r., addition, the direct union of two or more mole- 
cules to form a new molecule, r., amphigenous, 
r., amphoteric, a double reaction occurring occasion- 
ally in the urine, owing to the presence of substances 
by which the liquid responds to both the acid and 
alkaline tests, r., chameleon, the peculiar change of 
color observed in cultures of Pseudomonas pyocyanea, 
from green to brown and back again, r., chemical. 
See reaction (3). r., clump, the agglutination of 
bacteria or of leukocytes as the result of the action 
of certain enzymes, lysins, or toxins, r., consensual, 
reaction which is independent of the will. r. of 
degeneration, the reaction obtained when an electric 
stimulus is applied to a muscle deprived of its trophic 
nerve influence. It is characterized by the following 
conditions: diminution or abolition of the excita- 
bility of the muscles for the faradic current, with a 
temporary increase in excitability for the galvanic 
current. In the nerves there is a diminution or 
abolition of both faradic and galvanic excitability. 
The reactions of the muscle to the galvanic current 
(the true reaction of degeneration) may be formu- 
lated as follows : 

^S 1 C C ^S 1 C C }M..sc 1 eno„nal. 

AnCIC = KaCIC 1 Muscle in first stage of de- 

AnOC = KaOC J generation. 

AnCIC > KaCIC ) Muscle in more advanced 

AnOC < KaOC J stage of degeneration. 
AnCIC = anodal closing contraction; AnOC = ano- 

dal opening contraction; KaCIC = kathodal 

closing contraction; KaOC = kathodal opening 

contraction. 
See Pflueger's law of contraction, r., electric, a 
response in a muscle or a part produced by electric 
stimulation, r. of exhaustion, a variety of reaction 
to electric excitation seen in states of exhaustion, in 
which a certain reaction produced by a given current- 
strength cannot be reproduced without an increase 
of current-strength, r., Franklinic, of degeneration 
a rare form of reaction of degeneration produced by 
static electricity and similar to that obtained by the 
faradic current, r., hemianopic pupillary, of Wer- 
nicke, a reaction obtained in some cases of hemiano- 
pia in which a pencil of light thrown on the blind 
side of the retina gives rise to no movement in the 
iris, but thrown upon the normal side, produces 
contraction of the iris. It indicates that the lesion 
producing the hemianopia is situated at or anterior 
to the geniculate bodies, r., mixed, a reaction normal 
in the nerve and altered in the muscle. It is called 
by Erb the middle form of degenerative reaction. 
r., myasthenic, that in which the normal tetanic 
contraction of a muscle under faradic stimulation 
becomes less intense and of shorter duration with 
every consecutive stimulus and finally ceases, the 
muscle being exhausted. Syn., Faradic exhausti- 
bility. r., myotonic, a reaction seen in Thomsen's 
disease, in which there is quantitative increase in the 
faradic excitability. See Erb's waves, r., neuro- 
tonic, in electrotherapy, a tonic persistence of con- 
traction, after the current has been broken, upon 
galvanic and faradic stimulation of the nerve alone, 
in contradistinction to the myotonic persistency that 
follows faradic stimulation of the muscle, r., neutral, 
a reaction indicating the absence of both acid and 
alkaline properties, r.-period, the period following 
a trauma or operation in which there is recovery from 
the incident shock, r.-time, the interval between 
the application of a stimulus and the beginning of 
the corresponding motor act. r., thread, a peculiar 
reaction, consisting in the formation of long inter- 
lacing threads, produced in certain bacteria, Bacillus 
coli communis, Bacillus proteus, etc., when brought 
in contact with blood-serum, especially that of the 
individual from whom the bacteria were obtained. 

reactivate (re-ak'-tiv-at). To render active again, 
as by the addition of fresh normal serum to an im- 
mune serum which has lost its activity. 

reactivation (re-ak-liv-a'-shun). The rendering 
active again a serum which has become inactivated ; 
it is accomplished by the addition of complement. 

reader's cramp. A spasm of the ocular muscles 
following prolonged reading. 



readjustment (re-ad- just' '-ment). See advancement. 

reagent (re-a'-jent) [re, again; agere, to act]. 
In chemistry, anything used to produce a reaction; 
a test, r., general, a reagent that indicates the group 
of substances to which a body belongs, without 
determining which one of the group it is. r., special, 
a reagent which indicates the presence of an individual 
substance, and not only the group of which it is a 
member. 

reagin (re'-a-jin). An antibody, q. v. 

real focus. See focus (2). r. image. See image, 
real. 

realgar (re-al'-gar) [Ar., rahj al-ghar, powder of 
the mine]. Arsenic disulphide, AS2S2. 

reamer (re'-mer) [ME., remen, to widen]. An 
instrument for gouging out holes. 

reamputation (re-am-pu-ta'-shun) [re-; amputation]. 
An amputation upon a member on which the opera- 
tion has been performed before. 

reanimate (re-an'-im-at) [re, again; animare, to 
animate]. To revive; to resuscitate; to restore to 
life, as a person apparently dead. 

Reaumur's thermometer (ra-o-mur') [Rene An- 
toine Ferchault de Reaumur, French physicist, 1683- 
1757]- See thermometer, Reaumur. 

Recamier's operation (ra-kam-e-a') [Joseph Claude 
Anselme Recamier, French gynecologist, I774 - 
1852]. _ Curettage of the uterus. 

receiver (re-se'-ver) [recipire, to receive]. 1. The 
vessel receiving the products of distillation. 2. In 
an air-pump, the jar in which the vacuum is produced. 

receptacula (re-sep-tak'-u-la). Plural of Latin re- 
ceptaculum, q. v. r. durae matris, <;he sinuses of the 
dura. r. lactis, the ampullar of the galactophorous 
ducts. 

receptacular (re-sep-tak'-u-lar) [receptaculum, a 
receptacle]. Pertaining to a receptaculum. 

receptaculum (re-sep-tak'-u-lum) [L., "a recep- 
tacle"]. A receptacle, r. chyli, the sac-like begin- 
ning of the thoracic duct opposite the last dorsal 
vertebra, r. Cotunni, a triangular space near the 
middle of the posterior surface of the petrous portion 
of the temporal bone, at the termination of the aque- 
ductus vestibuli. It is formed by the separation of 
the laminae of the dura mater, r. Pecqueti, same as 
r, chyli. m r. seminis, see cistern, seminal. 

receptive (re-sep'-tiv) [recipere, to receive]. Hav- 
ing the quality of or capacity for receiving, r. 
centers. In physiology and psycho-physics, nerve- 
centers to which influences arrive that may excite 
sensations or some kind of activity not associated 
with consciousness. 

receptor (re-sep'-tor) [recipere, to receive]. 1. A 
name given by Ehrlich to the atomic lateral chain or 
haptophorous group, which, existing in each cell in 
addition to its nucleus, combines with intermediary 
bodies such as toxins, food molecules, foreign sub- 
stances. 2. Peripheral nerve endings in the skin and 
special sense organs, r., free, an antibody, r. of 
the first order, one with a single anchoring or hapto- 
phore group, r. of the second order, one containing 
a haptophore and a functional, fermentive, or zymo- 
phore group, r. of the third order, one possessing 
two haptophore and a zymophore group. 

recess, recessus (re-ses', re-ses'-sus) [recessus, a 
recess]. A fossa, ventricle, or ampulla ; an anatomical 
depression, r. acetabuli, the cotyloid cavity, r., 
ampullar, the ampulla of the semicircular canal of 
the inner ear. r. auditory, a depression of the ecto- 
derm on each side of the cephalic extremity of the 
embryo, constituting the first foreshadowing of the 
internal ear. It is the precursor of the auditory ves- 
icle, r. aulas. See r., aulic. r. aulic, Bergmann's 
name for a triangular recess between the columns of 
the fornix immediately dorsad of the anterior com- 
missure. Syn., r., triangular; recessus aula; foveola 
triangularis seriata. r. chiasmal, a pit in front of the 
infundibulum bounded by the optic chiasm and the 
cinereous lamina, r. chiasmatica. See lamina cin- 
erea. r. cochlear, an elliptic pit below the oval win- 
dow of the vestibule, forming part of the cochlea, 
r. cochlearis, a shallow depression between the diverg- 
ing portions of the crista vestibuli. r. conarii, the 
cavity at the base of the pineal body, situated be- 
tween the supracommissure and postcommissure. r., 
duodenojejunal, a pouch of the mesentery on the 
right side of the jejunum and near its union with the 
duodenum. Syn., duodenojejunal fossa, r. ellip- 
ticus. See fovea hemielliptica. r., epiphyseal, the 
preferred name for pineal recess, r., epitympanic, 



RECESSION 



747 



RECTOROMANOSCOPE 



synonym of attic, r. hemielliptrcus. See fovea hemi- 
elliptica. r. hemisphaericus, a tiny perforated cavity 
in the inner wall of the vestibule, anterior to the crista 
vestibuli; it transmits the branches of the auditory 
nerve, r. hepaticorenal, that formed by the hepat- 
icocolic ligament, r. ileocecal, the ileocecal fossa. 
r. incisive, a depression on the nasal septum immedi- 
ately above the anterior palatine canal, r. infrapin- 
eal. See recessus conarii. r. infundibuliform. See 
fossa of Rosenmueller. r. intercruralis, the interped- 
uncular space, r. jugular, see jugular fossa, r. aby- 
rinthi, a cavity formed in the base of the fetal skull, 
developing into the primitive auditory vesicle, and 
finally into the internal ear. r., laryngopharyngeal, 
the lower pyramidal part of the pharynx from which 
the esophagus and larynx open. r. lateral, the lateral 
extension of the fourth ventricle in the angle between 
the cerebellum and the oblongata, r. naso-palatinus, 
the nasal orifice of the naso-palatine canal, r. oc- 
cipitalis, the posterior horn of the lateral ventricle. 
r. opticus, the conical depression at the beginning of 
each optic nerve where it leaves the chiasma, the 
remnant of the cavity of the stalk of the optic ves- 
icle (Wilder). See lamina cinerea. r., palatal. See 
fossa, supratonsillar. r. peritonasi, the pocket-like 
processes formed by the peritoneum, r. pharyngeus, 
a pouch-like process of the mucosa of the pharynx 
situated below the opening of the Eustachian tube; 
Rosenmueller's fossa, r. pineal. See recessus conarii. 
r., postpontile, the foramen caecum of the brain, r. 
sacci lachrymalis, an inconstant anterior pouch of 
the lacrimal sac. r., salpingopharyngeal, an incon- 
stant pharyngeal diverticulum adjacent to the phar- 
yngeal opening of the Eustachian tube. r. sphaericus. 
See fovea hemisphcerica. r. spheno-ethmoidalis, a 
small depression or groove between the sphenoid bone 
and the superior turbinated bones, r., Stensonian. 
See r., incisive, r. sub sigmoid, the pouch made in 
the peritoneum by the mesentericomesocolic liga- 
ment, r. sulciform. See fossa, sulciform. r. superior 
sacci omenti, the'cavity of the lesser omentum, r. 
suprapinealis, a space between the habenal commis- 
sures and the post-commissure, r. tecti, a space be- 
neath the valvula and velum of the cerebellum, r., 
triangular. See r., aulic. r. utriculi, a recess at the 
upper part of the utricle of the inner ear. r. venosus. 
See fossa, Landzert's. r. vesicae urinariae, the lower 
portion of the urinary bladder. 

recession (re-sesh'-un) [recedere, to recede]. The 
gradual withdrawal of a part from its normal posi- 
tion, as the recession of the gums from the necks of 
the teeth. 

recidivation (re-sid-iv-a'-shun) [recidivus, a falling 
back]. The relapsing of a disease. In criminology, 
a relapsing into crime. 

recidivist (re-sid'-iv-ist) [recidivus, falling back]. 
i. A patient who returns to a hospital for treatment, 
especially an insane person who so returns. 2. In 
criminology, a confirmed or relapsed criminal; (a) one 
who for the most part has no mental or bodily signs 
of degeneration, caused by bad bringing up, society, 
poverty, sexual disorders, and who makes crime a 
trade or a vengeance; (b) one with inborn criminal 
inclinations and a positive tendency to insanity or 
epilepsy ; and (c) one whose antecedents and environ- 
ment lead him to crime by blunting his sense of honor 
and morality. The latter classes are inclined to 
coarseness, boldness, resistance, and wilful spoiling 
of their clothes; but are not legally regarded as insane. 

recidivity (re-sid-iv'-it-e) [recidivus, a falling back]. 
Tendency to return or to relapse. 

recipe (res'-ip-e). 1. The imperative of recipere, 
used as the heading of a physician's prescription, and 
signifying take. Symbol ^. 2. Also the prescrip- 
tion itself. 

recipiomotor (re-sip-e-o-mo'-tor) [recipere, to re- 
ceive; motor]. Receiving motor impulses. 

reciprocal (re-sip'-ro-kal) [recipere, to receive]. In 
psychology, applied to those instances in which there 
is both agency and percipience at each end of the 
telepathic chain, r. proportions, law of, two elements 
combining with a third do so in proportions that are 
simple multiples or simple fractions of those in which 
they combine with each other, r. reception, a mode 
of articulation in which the articular surface is con- 
vex on one side and concave on the other. 

Recklinghausen's canals (rek' -ling-how-sen) [Fried- 
rich Daniel von Recklinghausen, German pathologist, 
1833-1910]. Minute channels supposed to exist in 
all connective tissue, which are directly continuous 



with the lymphatic vessels, and hence may be said to 
form their origin. R.'s disease. 1. Neuro-fibrom- 
atosis. 2. Hemachromatosis; an affection charac- 
terized by bronzing of the skin, hypertrophic cir- 
rhosis of the liver, enlargement of the spleen, and, in 
later stages, diabetes from pancreatic sclerosis. 

reclinatio (rek-lin-a'-she-o). See reclination. r. 
palpebrarum, ectropion. 

reclination (rek-lin-a'-shun) \reclii\are, to recline]. 
1. An old operation for cataract, called also "couch- 
ing," in which the lens was pushed back into the vit- 
reous chamber. 2. The act of lying down. 

recoil-atom. See rest-atom. 

Reclus' disease (rek-loo') [Paul Reclus, French 
surgeon, 1847- ]. Cystic disease of the mammary 
gland; chronic cystic or interstitial mastitis. 

recomposition (re-kom-po-zish'-un) [recomponere, to 
reunite]. Reunion of parts or constituents after 
temporary dissolution. 

recompression (re-kom-presh'-un). _ Subjection 
again to the action of compressed air; said of persons 
working in air under high pressure. 

reconstituent {re-kon-stit '-ii-ent) [re-; constituere, to 
constitute]. A medicine which promotes continuous 
repair of tissue-waste or makes compensation for its 
loss. 

reconstitution {re-kon-stit-tl'-shun) [re, again; con- 
stituere, to constitute]. Continuous repair of decay- 
ing tissue, or restoration to compensate loss by tis- 
sue-waste. 

recrement (rek'-re-ment) [recrementum, from re, 
again; crescere, to grow]. A secretion that is reab- 
sorbed after fulfilling its function. 

recrementitious {rek-re-men-tish'-us) [recrement]. 
Pertaining to or of the nature of a recrement. 

recrudescence (re-kroo-des'-ens) [re-; crudescere, to 
become raw]. An increase in the symptoms of a dis- 
ease after a remission or a short intermission. 

rectal (rek'-tal). Pertaining to the rectum or per- 
formed through the rectum, r. alimentation, see 
alimentation, rectal, r. crises, attacks of rectal pain 
and tenesmus occurring in locomotor ataxia. 

rectalgia (rek-tal'-je-ah) [rectum; a\yos, pain]. 
Pain in the rectum; proctalgia. 

rectectomy (rek-tek'-to-me). See proctectomy. 

rectification (rek-tif-ik-a'-shun) [rectus, straight; 
facer e, to make]. 1. A straightening, as rectification 
of a crooked limb. 2. The redistillation of weak 
spirit in order to strengthen it. 

rectified spirit. Alcohol containing 94-9 % of ethyl- 
alcohol. 

rectify {rek'-tif-i) [see rectification]. To make right 
or straight; to refine. 

rectitis (rek-ti'-tis). See proctitis. 

recto- (rek-to-) [rectum]. A prefix meaning re- 
lating to the rectum. 

rectoabdominal (rek-to-ab-dom'-in-al) . Relating to 
the rectum and the abdomen. 

rectocele (rek'-to-sel) [recto-; (07X77, hernia]. Pro- 
palse of the rectum into the vagina. 

rectococcygeal (rek-to-kok-sij'-e-al) [recto-; coccy- 
geal]. Pertaining to the rectum and the coccyx. 

rectcoccypexia, rectococcypexy (rek-to-koks-e-peks'- 
e-ah, rek-to-koks-e-peks'-e) [recto-; k6kkv£, coccyx; 
iritis, a fastening]. Suturing of the rectum to the 
coccyx. 

rectocolitis (rek-to-kol-i'-tis). Inflammation of the 
mucosa of the rectum and colon combined. 

rectocolonic (rek-to-ko-lon'-ik) [recto-; colon]. Per- 
taining to the rectum and the colon. 

rectocystotomy (rek-to-sist-ot'-o-me) [recto-; cystot- 
omy]. Incision of the bladder through the rectum. 

rectogenital (rek-lo-jen'-it-al). Pertaining to the 
rectum and the genital organs. 

rectolabial (rek-lo-la'-be-al). Relating to the rec- 
tum and the labia pudendi. 

rectopexia, rectopexy (rek-to-peks'-e-ah, rek-to- 
peks'-e) [recto-; tt^is, a fastening]. Surgical fixation 
of a prolapsed rectum. 

rectophobia (rek-to-fo'-be-ah) [rectum; <f>6(ios, fear]. 
1. A presentiment or sense of impending ill exper- 
ienced by patients having rectal disease. 2. A morbid 
dread of rectal disease. 

rectoplasty (rek'-to-plas-te) [redo-; Tr\a<raeLi>, to 
form]. See proctoplasty. 

rectoromanoscope (rek-to-ro-man'-o-skop) [recto- ; 
S romanum, the sigmoid flexure; <rKoireli>, to view]. A 
speculum used in examining the rectum and the sig- 
moid flexure. 



RECTOSCOPE 



748 



REFLEX 



rectoscope (rek'-to-skop) [recto-; vKoireiv, to inspect]. 
A rectal speculum. 

rectoscopy (rek-tos'-ko-pe) [rectum; ono-reiv, to in- 
spect]. An examination of the rectum. 

rectosigmoidoscopy (rek-to-sig-moy-dos'-ko-pe) [rec- 
to-; sigmoid; oKottziv, to inspect]. Ocular inspection 
of the rectum and sigmoid flexure of the colon with 
the aid of special instruments. 

rectostenosis . (rek-to-sten-o'-sis) [recto-; stenosis]. 
Stenosis of the rectum. 

rectostomy (rek-tos'-to-me). See proctostomy. 

rectotome (rek'-to-tom) [recto-; to\it\, a cutting]. A 
cutting instrument used in rectotomy. 

rectotomy (rek-tot'-o-me). See proctotomy. 

rectourethral (rek-to-u-re'-thral) [recto-; urethra]. 
Pertaining to the rectum and the urethra. 

rectouterine (rek-to-ii'-ter-in) [recto-; uterus]. Per- 
taining to the rectum and the uterus. 

rectovaginal (rek-to-vaj'-in-al) [recto- ; vagina]. Per- 
taining to the rectum and the vagina, r. fistula, an 
opening between the vagina and the rectum. 

rectovesical (rek-to-ves'-ik-al) [recto-; vesica, the 
bladder]. Pertaining to the rectum and the bladder. 

rectum (rek'-tum) [rectus, straight]. The lower 
part of the large intestine, extending from the sig- 
moid flexure to the anus. It begins opposite the left 
sacroiliac synchondrosis, passes obliquely downward 
to the middle of the sacrum, and thence descends in 
the median line to terminate at the anus. 

rectus (rek'-tus) [L.]. Straight; applied to any- 
thing having a straight course, r. muscle, see under 
muscle. 

recumbent (re-kum'-bent) [recumbere, to recline]. 
Leaning back; reclining. 

recuperate (re-ku'-per-at) [recuperare, to regain]. 
To regain strength or health. 

recuperation (re-ku-per-a'-shun) [recuperatio; recu- 
perare, to recover]. Convalescence. Restoration to 
health. 

recuperative (re-ku'-per-a-tiv) [recuperativus]. Per- 
taining to, or tending to, recovery of health or 
strength. 

recurrence (re-kur'-ens) [recurrere, to run back]. 
The return, as of a disease. 

recurrens (re-kur'-enz) [see recurrent]. Relapsing 
fever. 

recurrent (re-kur'-ent) [re, back; currere, to run], 
i. Returning. 2. In anatomy, turning back in its 
course, as recurrent laryngeal nerve, r. fever, re- 
lapsing fever. 

recurring (re-kur'-ing) [recurrere, to run back]. Re- 
turning; occurring again, r. disease, one that re- 
turns or relapses, r. utterance, the involuntary ut- 
terance of certain words, usually a symptom of motor 
aphasia. 

recurvation (re-kur-va'-shun) [recurvatus, curved 
back]. The act or process of recurbing or of bending 
backward. 

red. in pulv. Abbreviation of the Latin redactus 
in pulverem, reduced to powder. 

red [AS., redd]. The least refrangible of the spec- 
tral colors; of a color resembling that of the blood. 
r. bark, see cinchona. r.-blindness, see under blind- 
ness, color-, r. blister, unguentum hydrargyri iodidi 
rubri. r. cerate, calamine ointment, r. chalk, red- 
dle ; hydrated aluminum silicate containing a quantity 
of ferric oxide, r., Chinese, mercuric sulphide, r. 
corpuscles, see corpuscles. R.-Cross Society, an in-, 
ternational society founded by Clara Barton, and 
intended to act upon the principles laid down in the 
Geneva convention of 1864. It furnishes nurses and 
supplies for service in wars, and relieves the distress, 
needs, or wants of those who suffer in floods, pesti- 
lences, and public calamities, r. gum. 1. A red, pap- 
ular eruption of infants. Syn., strophulus. 2. Eu- 
calyptus, r. lead, red lead oxide, formerly used in 
plasters, r. lotion. See r. wash. r. mixture, a com- 
bination of rock salt, potassium nitrate, sodium car- 
bonate and molasses, used for injecting bodies for 
the dissecting room. It imparts a beautiful red color 
to the muscles. It is also called Horner's mixture. 
r. nucleus, see nucleus, tegmental, r., oil, oleic acid 
as a by-product in the manufacture of stearic acid 
candles, r. pepper, see capsicum, r. plague, a form 
of the plague characterized by a red spot, boil, or 
bubo. r. precipitate, see mercury oxide, red. r. soft- 
ening, a form of acute softening of the brain or spinal 
cord, characterized by a red, punctiform appearance 
due to the presence of blood, r. tartar, argols, im- 
pure cream of tartar, r. wash, lotio rubra, a solution 



of zinc sulphate in compound tincture of lavender 
and water, r.-water, a common name for hemoglob- 
inuria in cattle. 

reddle {red' -del). Red chalk. 

redia (re'-de-ah) [Redi, an Italian naturalist, 1626- 
1698]. pi., redid. In biology, the larval stage of a 
trematode, which results from the development of a 
parthenogenetic egg of the first larval stage (sporo- 
cyst). The redia? have at the anterior extremity of 
their body a sucker-like formation, a pharynx, a sim- 
ple intestinal tube, and a birth-aperture. The first 
rediae give rise to a second and these to a third par- 
thenogenetic generation and these finally to larva? 
called cercarice, q. v. 

redintegration (red-in-te-gra'-shun) [redintegrare, to 
renew]- The complete restitution of a part that has 
been injured or destroyed. 

redresser (re-dres'-er) [Fr. re, dresseur]. An in- 
strument used to replace a displaced organ or part. 

redressment (re-dres'-ment) [Fr., redressement]. 
Correction of a deformity or replacement of a dis- 
located part. 

redressement force (ra-dres-mon(g) for-sa) [Fr.]. 
The forcible correction of a deformity or restoration 
of a displaced part. 

reduce (re-dus') [re, back; ducere, to lead]. 1. To 
restore a part to its normal relations, as to reduce a 
hernia or fracture. 2. In chemistry, to bring back to 
the metallic form; to deprive of oxygen. 

reduced (re-dusd') [reduce]. 1. Restored to the 
proper place. 2. In chemistry, brought back into 
the metallic form, as reduced iron. 3. Diminished in 
size. r. eye, see eye, reduced, of Donders. r. hematin, 
the product of the production of hematin in alka- 
line solution, r. hemoglobin, the result of deoxi- 
dation of oxyhemoglobin, r. iron, iron by hydrogen; 
ferrum reductum. 

reducible (re-dil'-si-bl) [reduce]. Capable of being 
reduced. 

reducin (re-du'-sin). A leukomaine, C12H24N6O9, 
found in urine. 

reduction (re-duk'-shun) [reduce]. The act of re- 
ducing, r. en bloc, r. en masse, the reduction of a 
strangulated hernia still surrounded by its sac, thus 
failing to relieve the strangulation. 

reductor (re-dukt'-or) [L.]. 1. An instrument for 
effecting reduction. 2. A retractor muscle. 

reduplicated (re-du'-plik-a-ted) [see reduplication]. 
Doubled, as reduplicated heart-sounds. See redu- 
plication. 

reduplication {re-du-plik-a' -shun) [re, again; dup- 
licare, to double]. A doubling, r. of the heart- 
sounds, a doubling of either the first or the second 
sound of the heart. 

redux (re'-duks) [L.]. Returning, r., crepitus, the 
small mucous rales heard in the early stage of the 
resolution of lobar pneumonia. 

reed (red). See Abomasum. 

reef-knot (ref-not). A sailor's knot used in the 
ligature of arteries. It is not likely to slip or loosen. 
See knot. 

reel, cerebellar. The peculiar staggering gait in 
diseases of the cerebellum, particularly in tumor. 

Rees' test for albumin [George Owen Rees, English 
physician, 1813-1889]. Small amounts of albumin 
are precipitated by an alcoholic solution of tannic acid. 

reevolution (re-ev-ol-u'-shun). Hughlings Jack- 
son's term for a symptom following an epileptic at- 
tack, which consists of three stages: (1) Suspension of 
power to Understand speech (word-deafness) ; (2) per- 
ception of words and echolalia without comprehen- 
sion; (3) return to conscious perception of speech with 
continued lack of comprehension. 

refine (re-fin') [re, again; finire, to finish]. To 
purify; to separate a substance from foreign matter. 

reflected (re-flek'-ted) [refiectere, to bend backward]. 
Cast or thrown back. In anatomy, turned back upon 
itself, r. light, see light. 

reflection (re-flek'-shun) [reflex], 1. A bending or 
turning back; specifically, the turning back of a ray 
of light from a surface upon which it impinges without 
penetrating. 2. When used in speaking of mem- 
branes such as the peritoneum it refers to the folds 
which it makes in passing from the wall of the 
cavity over an organ and back again to the wall 
which bounds such cavity. 

reflector (re-flek'-tor) . A polished surface by which 
light is reflected. 

reflex (re'-fleks) [re, back; flectere, to bend]. 1. 
Anything reflected or thrown back. 2. A reflex act. 



REFLEX 



749 



REFRACTA DOSI 



r., abdominal, contraction of the muscles about the 
umbilicus, on sharp, sudden stroking of the abdominal 
wall from the margin of the ribs downward; it shows 
integrity of the spinal cord from the eighth to the 
twelfth dorsal nerve, r. act, an act following im- 
mediately upon a stimulus without the intervention 
of the will, r., anal, a contraction of the sphincter 
ani on anal irritation, r., ankle, clonic contractions 
of the tendo Achillis, dependent upon alternate con- 
traction and relaxation of the anterior, tibial, and 
calf-muscles; obtained by sudden complete flexion of 
the foot, by pressing the hand against the sole. Syn., 
ankle-clonus, r. arc, the mechanism necessary for a 
reflex action; it consists of an afferent or sensory nerve; 
a nerve-center to change this sensory impulse into a 
motor one; and an efferent or motor nerve to carry a 
motor impulse to the muscle or group of muscles. 
r., biceps, contraction of the biceps muscle on tapping 
the tendon of the biceps ; a normal reflex, but increased 
by the causes which increase the knee-jerk, r., bone, 
a reflex muscular contraction evoked by blows over a 
bone, r., bulbocavernous, see r., virile, r. center, 
the nerve center in a reflex arc. r., chin, see r., jaw. 
r., ciliospinal, pupillary dilatation on irritation of the 
skin of the neck, r., contralateral, a flexion or ex- 
tension of the leg on one side when the other leg is 
flexed passively; it occurs in children in meningitis. 
r., corneal. Same as r., eyelid-closure, r., cranial, 
any brain reflex, r., cremasteric, retraction of the 
testicle on the corresponding side, obtained on stim- 
ulation of the skin on the front and inner aspect of the 
thigh; it shows integrity of the cord between the first 
and second pairs of lumbar nerves, r., crossed, one 
in which stimulation of one side of the body produces 
a reflex on the opposite side, r., deep, reflexes devel- 
oped by percussion of tendons or bones, r., dorsal, 
same as r., erector spina, r., elbow-jerk, same as r., 
biceps, r., epigastric, dimpling in the epigastrium, 
due to contraction of the highest fibers of the rectus 
abdominis muscle, on stimulation of the skin in the 
fifth or sixth intercostal space near the axilla; it shows 
integrity of the cord from the fourth to the seventh 
dorsal nerves, r., erector spinae, local contraction of 
erector spina? muscle on stimulation of the skin along 
the border; it shows integrity of the dorsal region of 
the cord, r., eyelid-closure, closure of the lid on ir- 
ritation of the conjunctiva, r., faucial, vomiting on 
irritation of the fauces, r., femoral, plantar flexion 
of the first three toes and of the foot, and extension 
of the knee-joint upon irritation of the skin on the 
upper anterior aspect of the thigh; it occurs in disease 
of the spinal cord, e. g., in some cases of transverse 
myelitis, r., front-tap, see r., tendo Achillis. r., 
gluteal, contraction of the glutei upon firm, sudden 
stroking of the skin over the buttock; it shows integ- 
rity of the cord at the fourth and fifth lumbar nerves. 
r., guttural, a reflex observed in cases of diseased 
genitalia in women, in which the patient is desirous of 
spitting but cannot, r., Haab's pupil-, see Haab's 
pupil-reflex, r., interscapular, see r., scapular, r., 
iris-contraction, see r., pupillary, r., jaw, clonic 
movements of the inferior maxilla, obtained on a 
downward stroke with a hammer on the lower jaw 
hanging passively or gently supported by the hand; 
it is rarely present in health; increased in sclerosis of 
the lateral columns of cord. Syn., jaw-clonus; jaw- 
jerk, r., knee, contraction of the quadriceps muscle, 
the foot being jerked forward on striking the patellar 
tendon after rendering it tense by flexing the knee at 
a right angle; it is normal in health; absent in loco- 
motor ataxia, destructive lesions of the lower part of 
the cord, multiple neuritis, affections of the anterior 
gray cornua, infantile paralysis, meningitis, diphther- 
ic paralysis, atrophic palsy, pseudohypertrophic mus- 
cular paralysis, diabetes, etc.; increased in diseases of 
the pyramidal tracts, in spinal irritability, tumors of 
the brain, cerebrospinal sclerosis, lateral sclerosis, 
after epileptic seizures or unilateral convulsions. 
Syn., knee-jerk, r., laryngeal, coughing, produced by 
irritation of the fauces, larynx, etc. r., lumbar, same 
as r., erector spince. r. multiplicator, an apparatus for 
the registration of tendon-reflexes, r., nasal, sneez- 
ing, on irritation of the Schneiderian membrane, r., 
obliquus, contraction of the fibers of the obliquus 
externus in females (corresponds to cremasteric in 
males, although it can also be caused in males) on 
irritation of skin below Poupart's ligament, r., oph- 
thalmic, see r., supraorbital, r., palatal, swallowing 
produced by irritation of the palate, r., palmar, con- 
traction of the digital flexors upon tickling the palm ; 



it shows that the cervical region of the cord is normal. 
r., patellar. Same as r. , knee, r., patellar, paradoxical, 
contraction of the adductor but not of the quadri- 
ceps muscle on percussing the patellar tendon, with 
the patient in the dorsal decubitus. If the patient 
is in the sitting posture, the normal reflex is elicited ; 
it shows spinal concussion, r.s, pathic, movements . 
resulting from stimulation of a sensory nerve, r., 
penile, see r., virile, r., periosteal, sharp contrac- 
tions of the muscles upon tapping the bones of the 
forearm or leg; it indicates disease of the lateral col- 
umns of the spinal cord, r., peroneal, reflex move- 
ments caused by a stroke on the peroneus muscles 
when tense or when the foot is turned inward, r., 
pharyngeal, swallowing produced by irritation of the 
pharynx, r., plantar, contraction of the toes upon 
stroking the sole of the foot, r., platysmal, dilatation 
of the pupil upon pinching the platysma myoides 
muscle, r., pupillary, contraction of the iris on ex- 
posure of the retina to light; it is absent in basal men- 
ingitis, etc. r., pupillary, paradoxical, dilatation of the 
pupil on stimulation of the retina by light, r., rectal, 
the reflex by which the aggregation of feces in the rec- 
tum induces defecation, r., scapular, contraction of 
the scapular muscles on irritation of the interscapular 
region; it shows integrity of the cord between the 
upper two or three dorsal and lower two or three 
cervical nerves, r., skin, see r., platysma. r., sole, 
same as r., plantar, r., spinal, those reflex actions 
emanating from centers in the spinal cord, r., super- 
ficial, such as are developed from irritation of the skin. 
r., supraorbital, a slight contraction of the orbicularis 
palpebrarum muscle on striking the supraorbital 
nerve or one of its branches a slight blow, r., tendc* 
Achillis, reflex contraction of the gastrocnemius mus- 
cle, produced by striking the muscles on the anterior 
part of leg while in extension, the foot being extended 
by the hand upon the sole; it is considered a delicate 
test of heightened spinal irritability. Syn., front- 
tap contraction, r., tendon, muscle reflex action; my- 
ostatic reaction; deep reflex, r., toe, involuntary 
flexion of the foot, then flexion of the leg, and, lastly, 
flexion of the thigh on the pelvis upon strong flexion 
of the great toe; it is seen in cases in which the knee- 
jerk and other tendon-reflexes are strongly developed. 
r., triceps, extension of the forearm on tapping the 
tendon of the triceps muscle, r., virile, retraction of 
the bulbocavernous portion upon sharp percussion of 
the back of the penis, the sheath having been made 
tense; it occurs in health, r., visceral, one of a group 
of reflexes, as, blinking, from touching the cornea; 
penile, erection on slight contact or produced by pass- 
ing a catheter; rectal, constriction of the bowel fol- 
lowing introduction of a foreign body, as a supposi- 
tory; sneezing, that produced by a draft of cold air 
or a brilliant light; vesical, contraction of the bladder 
following irritation of the urethral orifice, e. g., in- 
continence of urine in children, by reason of a long; 
prepuce; vomiting, from tickling the fauces, r.,, 
wrist, a series of jerking movements of the hand pro- 
duced by pressing the hand backward to extreme 
extension; observed in the late rigidity of hemiplegia. 
Syn., wrist-clonus. 

reflexa (re-fleks'-ah) [L.]. See decidua reflexa. 

refiexio (re-fleks'-e-o) [L.]. See reflection, r. pal- 
pebrarum, see ectropion. 

reflexogenic (re-fleks-o-jen'-ik) [reflexus, reflex; 
yewav, to produce]. Causing or increasing a tendency 
to reflex action; producing reflexes. 

reflexograph (re-fleks'-o-graf) [reflex; ypaxpeiv, to 
write]. An instrument for measuring, timing, and 
charting automatically knee-jerks and other tendon- 
reflexes. 

reflexometer (re-fleks-om'-et-er) [reflexus, reflex; 
ukrpov, a measure]. An instrument used to measure 
the force required to produce myotatic movement. 

refiexophile (re-fleks'-o-fil) [reflex; <j>CKtl.v, to love]. 
Attended by reflex activity. 

reflux (re'-fluks) [re, back; finer e, to flow]. A re- 
turn flow. 

refoulement (ra-fool'-mon(g) ) [Fr.]. A forcing 
back. r. du sacrum en arriere, a backward inclina- 
tion of the sacrum that makes one of the changes in 
the pelvis of girls at puberty. 

refract (re-frakt') [re, back; J ranger e, to break], i. 
To bend back. 2. To change direction by refraction. 
3. To estimate the degree of ametropia, heterophoria, 
and heterotropia present in an eye. 

refracta dosi {re-frak'-tah do' -si) [L.]. In broken 
or divided doses. 



REFRACTION 



750 



REGION 



refraction (re-f rah' -shun) [refract], i. The act of 
refracting or bending back. 2. The deviation of a 
ray of light from a straight line in passing obliquely 
from one transparent medium to another of different 
density. 3. The state or refractive power, especially 
of the eye; the ametropia, emmetropia, or muscle- 
imbalance present. 4. The act or process of correct- 
ing errors of ocular refraction, r., angle of, the angle 
formed by a refracted ray of light with- the perpen- 
dicular at the point of refraction, r., atomic, the 
product of the refractive index of the constituent 
elements of a compound and their atomic weights, 
r., coefficient of, the quotient of the sine of the angle 
of refraction into the sine of the angle of incidence. 
r., double, the power possessed by certain substances, 
as Iceland spar, of dividing a ray of light and thus 
producing a double image of an object, r., dynamic, 
the static refraction of the eye, plus that secured by 
the action of the accommodative apparatus, r. equi- 
valent, r., specific. See refractive power, specific. 
r., errors of, departures from the power of producing 
a normal or well-defined image upon the retina, be- 
cause of ametropia, r. of the eye, the influence of 
the ocular media upon a cone or beam of light, whereby 
a normal or emmetropic eye produces a proper image 
of the object upon the retina, r.-image, see image. 
r., index of, the refractive power of any substance as 
compared with air. It is the quotient of the angle of 
incidence divided by the angle of refraction of a ray 
passing through the substance, r., molecular, the 
molecular weight of a compound. The molecular 
refraction of a liquid carbon compound is equal to the 
sum of the atomic refractions, r., static, that of the 
eye when accommodation is at rest. 

refractionist (re-frak' -shun-ist) [refrangere, to break 
up]. One who corrects errors of ocular refraction, 
or ametropia. 

refractive (re-frak'-tiv) [refract]. Refracting; cap- 
able of refracting or bending back; pertaining to re- 
fraction, r., equivalent. See refractive power, spe- 
cific, r. index, same as refraction, index of, q. v. r. 
power, the measure of influence which a transparent 
body exercises on the light which passes through it. 
r. power, specific, an almost constant quantity re- 
presentative of the relation between the coefficient 
of refraction, the temperature, and the specific gra- 
vity of a given fluid. 

refractivity (re-frak-tiv'-it-e) [refract]. Power of 
refraction; ability to refract. 

refractometer (re-frak-tom'-et-er) [refract; ukrpov, a 
measure]. 1. An instrument for measuring the re- 
fraction of the eye. 2. An instrument for the deter- 
mination of the refractive indexes of liquids. 

refractory (re-frak' -tor-e) [refractarius, stubborn]. 
1. Resisting treatment. 2. Resisting the action of 
heat; slow to melt. 

refracture (re-frak' -tur)[re, back; fr anger e, to break]. 
The breaking again of fractured bones that have 
joined by faulty or improper union. 

refrangibility (re-fran-jib-il'-it-e) [see refract]. 
Capability of undergoing refraction. 

refresh (re-fresh') [re, again; friscus, new]. In sur- 
gery, to give to an old lesion the character of a fresh 
wound. 

refrigerant (re-frij'-er-ant) [see refrigeration]. 1. 
Cooling ; lessening fever. 2. A medicine or agent hav- 
ing cooling properties or lowering body-temperature. 

refrigeration (re-frij-er-a'-shun) [re, again; frigus, 
cold]. The act of lowering the temperature of a body 
by conducting away its heat to a surrounding cooler 
substance. 

refringent (re-frin'-jent) [ref ringer e, to break]. 
See refractive. 

refuse (ref -us). Waste from manufacturing or 
other establishments, and all inorganic waste. 

refusion (re-fu'-zjun) [refusio, an overflowing]. 
The act of withdrawing blood from the vessels, ex- 
posing it to the oxygen of the air, and passing it 
back again. 

regenerate (re-jen'-er-at) [regenerare, to generate 
again]. To generate anew; to reproduce. 

regeneration (re-jen-er-a'-shun) [re, again; gener- 
ate, to beget]. 1. The new growth or repair of struc- 
tures or tissues lost by disease or by injury. 2. In 
chemistry, the process of obtaining from the bypro- 
ducts or end-products of an operation a substance 
which was employed in the earlier part of the oper- 
ation, r., cell-processes in, these consist in either 
simple hypertrophy (increase in the size of existing 
cells), or numerical hypertrophy, hyperplasia (in- 



crease in the number of cells in the tissue), r. after 
inflammation, repair by multiplication of the tissue 
cells, r. after necrosis, repair by absorption of dead 
tissue and its replacement by newly formed normal 
tissue, r., pathological, the renewal of destroyed 
tissue by a pathological rather than a physiological 
process. 

regenerin (re-jen'-er-in). Trade name of a leci- 
thin and iron preparation; used as a tonic. 

regime (ra-zjem) [Fr.]. See regimen. 

regimen (rej'-im-en) [regere, to rule]. The regu- 
lated use of food and the sanitary arrangement of 
surroundings to suit existing conditions of health or 
disease. 

regio (re'-je-o). Latin for region. 

region (re'-jun) [regio, a region]. One of the divi- 
sions of the body possessing either natural or arbi- 
trary boundaries, r.s of the abdomen, see under 
abdomen, r., acromial, the parts near the acromion. 
r., anal, pertaining to the anus, r., auric, the area 
about the aula, r., auricular, the parts near the ear. 
r., axillary, a region upon the lateral aspect of the 
thorax, extending from the axilla to a line drawn from 
the lower border of the mammary region to that of 
the scapular region, r., basilar, the region at the 
base of the skull, r., brachial, the region of the arms. 
r. of Broca, the third left frontal convolution of the 
brain, r., central gray, the medullary substance of 
the cerebellar hemispheres, r., cervical, the parts 
around the neck, r., ciliary. 1. The zone of the 
eyeball in which the ciliary body is situated. 2. 
The part of the eyelid containing the cilia, r., clav- 
icular, the area about the clavicle, r., costal, the 
lateral chest area, r., diaphragmatic, the region of 
the diaphragm. _ r., epicranial, the region above the 
cranium, r., epigastric, the region over the stomach 
bounded laterally by two vertical lines passing through 
the middle of Poupart's ligament; above by a hori- 
zontal line touching the lower margin of the sternum, 
and below by a horizontal line touching the lowest 
part of the thorax, and including the pyloric end and 
middle of stomach, the left lobe of the liver, the lobu- 
lus Spigelii, the pancreas, the duodenum, parts of the 
kidneys, the aorta, vena cava, thoracic duct, semi- 
lunar ganglia, r., femoral, the parts about the feinur. 
r., fibular, the parts about the fibula, r., gastric, the 
region over the stomach, r., gluteal, the region of 
the gluteus muscle, r., gustatory, the tips, margins, 
and root of the tongue in the neighborhood of the 
circumvallate papilla?; also the lateral parts of the 
soft palate and the anterior surface of the anterior 
pillars of the fauces, r., humeral, the parts about 
the humerus, r., hyo-mental, see r., supra-hyoid. 
r., hyo-sternal, see r., infra-hyoid. r., hypochon- 
driac, the region that joins the epigastric region later- 
ally. The right hypochondriac region includes the 
surface of the abdomen covering the right lobe of the 
liver, the gall-bladder, the hepatic flexure of the colon, 
and part of the right kidney; the left that covering the 
spleen, the splenic end of the stomach, the extremity 
of the pancreas, the splenic flexure of the colon, and 
part of the left kidney, r., hypogastric, that part of 
the abdominal surface between a horizontal line 
drawn through the anterior superior crests of the ilia 
above and on either side by vertical lines drawn 
through the center of Poupart's ligament. It over- 
lies the small intestines, the bladder in children and 
in adults when distended, the uterus during preg- 
nancy, sometimes the vermiform appendix, the cecum, 
and the sigmoid flexure of the colon, r., iliac, the 
region of the ilium; see also r., inguinal, r., ilioin- 
guinal, the iliac region and the groin conjointly, r., 
inferior sternal, the space corresponding to the part 
of the sternum below the lower margin of the third 
costal cartilages, r., infra-axillary, the space be- 
tween the anterior and posterior axillary lines, r., 
infraclavicular, the area circumscribed superiorly by 
the lower border of the clavicle, inferiorly by the 
lower border of the third rib, on one side by a line 
extending from the acromion to the pubic spine, and 
on the other side by the edge of the sternum, r., 
infra-hyoid, the space below the hyoid bone, between 
the sterno-cleido-mastoidei and the sternum, r., in- 
framammary, the space between a line drawn along 
the upper border of the xiphoid cartilage and the 
margin of the false ribs, and between the middle line 
of the xiphoid cartilage and a vertical line passing 
through the pubic spine, r., infrascapular, the re- 
gion on either side of the vertebral column below a 
horizontal line drawn through the inferior angle of 



REGION 



751 



REICHMANN'S DISEASE 



each scapula. It is called also the subscapular region. 
r., infraspinous, that included between the spine of 
the scapula and a line passing through the angle of 
the scapula, r., inguinal, r., iliac, the right and left 
inguinal or iliac regions are two of the nine abdominal 
regions. The right includes the abdominal surface 
covering the cecum and the cecal appendix, the 
ureter, and the spermatic vessels; the left that cover- 
ing the sigmoid flexure of the colon, the ureter, and 
the spermatic vessels, r., interscapular, the space 
between the scapulae, r., ischio-rectal, the region 
corresponding to the posterior part of the pelvic out- 
let, between the ischium and the rectum, r., jugal, 
the space over the zygoma, r., laryngo-tracheal, the 
parts about the larynx and the trachea, r., lenti- 
culo-striate, the anterior parts of the lenticular and 
caudate nuclei, and the intervening portion of the 
internal capsule, r., lenticulo-thalamic, the posterior 
part of the lenticular nucleus, the optic thalamus, and 
the part of the internal capsule which intervenes, r., 
lingual, the region of the tongue, r., lumbar, the 
surface of the abdomen between a curved line drawn 
parallel with the cartilage of each ninth rib above and 
a curved line parallel with the iliac crests below, and a 
vertical line through the center of Poupart's ligament 
anteriorly, and the lumbar vertebrae posteriorly, r., 
mammary, the space on the anterior surface of the 
chest between a line drawn through the lower border 
of the third rib, and one drawn through the upper 
border of the xiphoid cartilage, r., maxillary, the 
parts about the jaws, r., mesogastric, the umbilical 
and the right and left lumbar regions together, r., 
middle cervical, the area between the lower jaw, the 
sternum, and the anterior edges of the sterno-cleido- 
mastoidei. r., motor, see area, motor, r., mylo- 
hyoid, see triangle, mylo-hyoid. v., nasal, the parts 
around the nose, r., olfactory, the region of the nasal 
mucous membrane including the ramifications of the 
olfactory nerve, r., orbital, the region of the orbits. 
r., palatal, the parts about the palate, r., palpebral, 
the region of the eyebrows, r., parasternal, the 
space between the mid-axillary line and the edge of 
the sternum, r., parotid, see r., retromaxillary. r., 
perineal, the region of the perineum, r., pharyngeal, 
the parts about the pharynx, r., popliteal, see pop- 
liteal space, r., precordial, the surface of the chest 
covering the heart, r., prefrontal, the part of the 
frontal lobe anterior to the precentral fissure; it is also 
called prefrontal lobe, r., prevertebral, the ventral 
surface of the vertebral column, r., psycho-motor, the 
cerebral cortex, r., pterygo-maxillary, the parts con- 
necting or lying between the pterygoid process of the 
sphenoid and the maxillary bone, r., pulmo-cardiac, 
the region of the left thorax in which the left lung 
overlaps the heart, r., pulmo-gastric, the portion of 
the left thorax in which the lung overlaps the stom- 
ach, r., pulmo-hepatic, the portion of the right 
thorax in which the lung overlaps the liver, r., pul- 
movascular, the part of the thorax in which the lung 
overlaps the origins of the large vessels, r., respira- 
tory (of the nose), the portion of the nasal passages 
having to do with the act of respiration, r., retro- 
maxillary, the area dorsad of the superior maxilla. 
Syn., r., parotid, r., sacral, the area above the sac- 
rum, r., sacrococcygeal, that part of the dorsal wall 
of the pelvis corresponding to the ventral surface of 
the sacrum and coccyx, r., scapular, the space over 
either scapula, r., sensory, see sensorium. r., ster- 
nal, the region overlying the sternum, r., sternal, 
inferior, the part of the sternal region lying below the 
margins of the third costal cartilages, r., sternal, 
superior, that portion of the sternal region lying above 
the lower margins of the third costal cartilages, r., 
sub-auricular, the space immediately below the ear. 
r., subclavicular, see r., infraclavicular, r., sub- 
mammary, same as r., inframammary. r., sub- 
maxillary, same as r., supra-hyoid. r., sub-mental, 
the region just beneath the chin. r. sub-ocular, the 
anterior extremity of the temporo-sphenoidal lobe. 
r., subscapular, see r., infrascapular. r., subthal- 
amic, the extension of the tegmentum beneath the 
posterior portion of the optic thalamus, r., superior {of 
the skull), the space between the superior curved line of 
the occipital bone behind, the supra-orbital ridge in 
front and, laterally, between the temporal lines, r., 
supra-clavicular, the space between the upper margin 
of the hyoid bone, the lower border of the inferior 
maxilla and the sternocleido-mastoid muscles, r., 
supra-inguinal, that bounded by the rectus abdom- 
inis muscle, Poupart's ligament, and a line through 



the iliac crest, r., supra-mammary, same as r. , 
infra-clavicular, q. v. r., supra-scapular, the area 
above the spine of the scapula, r., supraspinous, the 
region corresponding to the supraspinous fossa of the 
scapula, r., supra-sternal, see notch, supra-sternal. 
r. tegmental, the tegmentum and corresponding parts 
of the pons and oblongata to the decussation of the 
pyramids, r., temporo-maxillary, the area over the 
junction of the temporal and maxillary bones, r., 
thoracic, relating to the entire surface of the thorax. 
r., thyrohyoid, the region around the thyroid cartilage 
and the hyoid bone, r., umbilical, the surface of the 
abdomen immediately about the umbilicus, bounded 
as follows: above, by a horizontal line connecting the 
cartilages of the ninth ribs ; below, by a line joining the 
crests of the ilia, and laterally, by lines passing ver- 
tically through the center of Poupart's ligament, r., 
vertebral, relating to the region over the vertebral 
column. 

regional (re'-jun-al) [region]. Pertaining to a re- 
gion, r. anatomy, the branch of anatomy that treats 
of the relations of the structures in a region of the 
body to each other and to the body-surface. 

register (rej'-ist-er) [registrum]. The compass of a 
voice; also a subdivision of its compass, consisting in 
a series of tones produced in the same way and of a 
like character. 

registration (rej-is-tra'-shun) [registralio, a regis- 
tering]. The act of recording, as of deaths, births, 
etc. 

reglementation (reg-le-men-ta'-shun) [Fr., regle- 
menter, to make regulations]. The legal restriction 
of prostitution. 

regression (re-gresh'-un). Retrogression. 

regressive (re-gres'-iv) [re, back; gradi, to go]. Go- 
ing back; returning; subsiding. 

regular (reg'-u-lar) [regere, to rule]. According to 
rule or custom, r. physician, one belonging to the 
regular school, r. school of medicine, the great mass 
of the profession, whose practice is based on the results 
of experience and experimental research without ad- 
herenceto any exclusive theory of therapeutics. 

regulin (reg'-u-lin). Trade name of a preparation 
said to consist of agar-agar and cascara sagrada; used 
in the treatment of constipation. 

regulus (reg'-u-lus). A metal reduced from its ore 
to the metallic state. 

regurgitant (re-gur' -jit-ant). Flowing backward. 

regurgitation (re-gur-jit-a'-shun) [re, again; gur- 
gitare, to engulf], i. A back-flow of blood through a 
heart-valve that is defective. 2. The return of food 
from the stomach to the mouth soon after eating, 
without the ordinary efforts at vomiting, r., aortic, 
that of the blood-stream through the aorta from in- 
competence of the valves, r., functional, a form of 
mitral regurgitation due to contraction of the chordae 
tendineae and papillary muscles, r., mitral, see mi- 
tral reguritation. 

Reichardt's test for arsenic in the urine. Concen- 
trate 200 Cc. of urine with about 2 Gm. of caustic 
soda; dissolve the residue in a little water acidulated 
with hydrochloric acid, and then test in a Marsh's ap- 
paratus. 

Reichel's cloacal duct (ri'-kel) [Friedrich Paul Rei- 
chel, German obstetrician, 1858- ]. In the embryo 
the narrow cleft separating Douglas's septum from 
the cloaca. 

Reichert's canal (ri'-kert) [Karl Bogislaus Reichert, 
German anatomist, 1811-1884]. See Hensen's can- 
al. R.'s cartilages, the hyoid bars which constitute 
the skeletal elements of the hyoid branchial arch of 
the embryo and ultimately become the styloid pro- 
cesses, the stylohyal ligaments, and the lesser cornua 
of the hyoid bone. R.'s membrane, see Bowman's 
membrane. R.'s scar, an area over the embedded 
ovum consisting of a fibrinous lamella instead of de- 
cidual tissue as over the rest of the ovum. 

Reichl's test for proteids. To the proteid solu- 
tion add 2 or 3 drops of an alcoholic solution of ben- 
zaldehyde, and then some sulphuric acid, pre- 
viously diluted with an equal bulk of water. Finally, 
add a few drops of a ferric sulphate solution, and a 
deep blue coloration will be produced in the cold 
after some time, or at once on warming. Solid pro- 
teids are stained blue by this reaction. 

Reichl-Mikosch's reagent for albumins. Benzal- 
dehyde and sulphuric acid containing ferric sulphate. 

Reichmann's disease (rik'-mahn). A chronic disease 
of the stomach characterized by permanent gastric hy- 
persecretion, associated with marked dilatation of 



REID'S LINES 



752 



RENDU'S TYPE OF TREMOR 



the stomach, with thickening of its walls, and hyper- 
trophy of the glands. It is accompanied by violent 
attacks of pain with vomiting, and may be followed 
by the formation of a round ulcer on the wall of the 
stomach; gastrosuccorrhea. R.'s sign, the presence 
in the stomach, before eating in the morning, of an 
acid liquid mixed with alimentary residues; it is in- 
dicative of gastrosuccorrhea and pyloric stenosis. 

Reid's lines [Robert William Reid, Scotch anatom- 
ist, 1851- ]. Three imaginary lines serving for 
measurements in craniocerebral topography; one of 
them, the base line, is drawn from the lower margin 
of the orbit through the center of the external audi- 
tory meatus to just below the external occipital pro- 
tuberance. The two others are perpendicular to it, 
one corresponding to the small depression in front of 
the external auditory meatus, the other to the pos- 
terior border of the mastoid process. The fissure of 
Rolando extends from the upper limit of the posterior 
vertical line to the point of intersection of the ante- 
rior line and the fissure of Sylvius. 

Reil's ansa {ril) [Johann Christian Reil, Dutch 
anatomist, 1759-1813]. A tract of fibers passing 
from the optic thalamus downward and outward to- 
ward the white substance of the hemispheie. Syn., 
ansa peduncularis ; goose's foot. R.'s covered band. 
1. The lateral longitudinal striae; the longitudinal 
fibers which cross the transverse striae beneath the 
fornicate convolution. 2. A fibromuscular fillet that 
frequently extends across the right ventricle of the 
heart. Syn., moderator band. R.'s island, the insula; 
a group of three to five small convolutions (gyri 
operti) situated at the bottom of the fissure of Sylvius. 
R.'s line, a ridge descending posteriorly from the sum- 
mit of the pyramid of the cerebellum. R.'s sulcus, 
the sulcus in the bottom of the Sylvian fissure, sepa- 
rating the insula from the remainder of the hemi- 
sphere. 

reimplantation {re-im-plan-ta'-shun) [re, again; plan- 
tare, to plant]. In dental surgery, the replacing of a 
drawn tooth into its socket. 

reinfection (re-in-fek'-shun) [re, again; infection]. 
Infection a second time with the same kind of 
virus. e 

reinforcement {re-in-fors'-ment) [OF., reinforcer, to 
strengthen]. The act of reinforcing. Any aug- 
mentation of force, r. of reflexes, increased myo- 
tatic irritability (01 reflex response) when muscular 
or mental actions are synchronously carried out, or 
other stimuli are coincidently brought to bear upon 
other parts of the body than that concerned in the 
reflex arc. 

reinoculation {re-in-ok-u-la'-shun) [re, again; in- 
oculare, to inoculate]. Inoculation a second time 
with the same kind of virus. 

Reinsch's test. A test for arsenic. The suspected 
fluid is strongly acidulated with hydrochloric acid and 
boiled, some slips of bright copper being added; a 
grayish coating on the copper may be shown to be ar- 
senic by heating in a glass tube held obliquely, when, 
if it is arsenic a crystalline coating will be sublimated 
on the glass above the copper. A similar test, but 
with different end reactions may be used for antimony, 
bismuth, and mercury. 

reinversion (re-in-ver'-shun) [re, again; invert]. The 
act of reducing an inverted uterus by the application 
of pressure to the fundus. 

Reisseisen's muscles {ris'-is-en) [Francis Daniel 
Reisseissen, German anatomist, 1773-1828]. The 
muscular fibers of the bronchi. 

Reissner's Canal (ris'-ner) [Ernst Reissner, German 
anatomist, 1824-1878]. See canal, membranous, of 
the cochlea. R.'s corpuscles, the epithelial cells cov- 
ering Reissner's membrane. R.'s membrane, the 
membrana vestibularis; a delicate membrane which 
separates the membranous cochlea (scala media) from 
the scala vestibuli. 

rejuvenescence {re-joo-ven-es'-ens) [re, again; juven- 
escere, to grow young]. A renewal of youth; a re- 
newal of strength and vigor. 

relapse {re-laps') [re, again; labi, to fall]. A return 
of an attack of a disease shortly after the beginning of 
convalescence. 

relapsing fever. An acute infectious disease due 
to Spirochceta Obermeieri. After a period of incu- 
bation of from 5 to 7 days, the disease sets in with 
chill, fever, and pains in the back and limbs. The 
spleen enlarges, sweats and delirium occur, and the 
symptoms continue for 5 or 6 days, then suddenly 
cease by crisis. After a variable interval, usually in 



about a week, a second paroxysm occurs, which may 
be followed by a third and fourth. The disease pre- 
vails where conditions of overcrowding and defective 
food-supply obtain; hence the name sometimes given 
it, famine-fever. 

relation {re-la' -shun) [relatio], 1. Inter-dependence; 
mutual influence or connection between organs or 
parts. 2. Connection by consanguinity; kinship. 3. 
In anatomy, the position of parts of the body as re- 
gards each other. 

relax {re-laks') [see relaxation]. To loosen, or make 
less tense. To cause a movement of the bowels. 

relaxant {re-laks' -ant) [see relaxation], 1. Loosen- 
ing; causing relaxation. 2. An agent that diminishes 
tension. 

relaxation {re-laks-a' -shun) [re, again; laxare, to 
loosen]. A diminution of tension in a part; a dimin- 
ution in functional activity, as relaxation of the skin. 

relief (re-lef) [OF., relef, a raising]. 1. The partial 
removal of anything distressing; alleviation, r. in- 
cision, one to relieve tension, as in an abscess. 

religiosus {re-lij-e-o'-sus) [L. "religious"]. A name 
given to the superior rectus muscle of the eye. 

Remak's band {rem'-ak) [Robert Remak, German 
anatomist, 1815-1865; Ernst Remak, German neu- 
rologist, 1849- ]. The axis-cylinder of a nerve-fiber. 
R.'s contractions, so-called diplegic contractions oc- 
casionally seen in progressive muscular atrophy when 
an electric current is applied. The positive electrode 
is placed above and the negative below the fifth cer- 
vical vertebra, the contractions occurring on the side 
opposite to the anode. R.'s fibers, the non-medul- 
lated nerve fibers. R.'s fibrils, the fibrils composing 
a nonmedullated nerve-fiber. R.'s 'ganglion, a gang- 
lion of nerve cells located in the tissue of the heart 
near the superior vena cava. R,'s layer, the inner 
longitudional fibrous layer of the tunica intima of 
large arteries. R.'s sign, the production, by the 
pricking of a needle, of a double sensation, the second 
being painful; it is noted in tabes dorsalis. R.'s type 
of palsy, paralysis affecting the muscles of the arm — 
the deltoid, biceps, brachialis anticus, and supinator 
longus. 

remedial {re-me'-de-al) [remedy]. Having the na- 
ture of a remedy; relieving; curative. 

remedy {rem'-ed-e) [re, again; mederi, to heal]. Any- 
thing used in the treatment of disease. 

Remijia {re-mij'-e-ah) [Remijo, a Spanish surgeon]. 
A genus of rubiaceous shrubs and trees closely related 
to cinchona. 

remission {re-mish'-un) [re, back; mittere, to send]. 
1. Abatement or subsidence of the symptoms of a 
disease. 2. The period of diminution of the symp- 
toms of a disease. 

remittent {re-mit'-ent) [remission]. Characterized 
by remissions, r. fever, a malarial fever character- 
ized by periods of remission without complete apy- 
rexia. 

remulus {rem'-u-lus) [L., "a small par"]. The nar- 
row dorsal portion of a rib. 

ren [L. : gen., renis; pi., renes]. The kidney, r. 
amyloideus, amyloid degeneration of the kidneys. 
r. mobilis, movable kidney, q. v. r. unguiformis, see 
horseshoe kidney. 

renaden {ren' -ad-en). A proprietary preparation 
from kidneys; used in chronic nephritis. Dose i|-2 
dr. (6-8 Gm.). 

renal {re'-nal) [ren]. Pertaining to the kidney. 
r. apoplexy, ischuria, or suppression of urine from 
hemorrhage into the substance of the kidney or other 
renal lesion, r. calculus, a concretion in the kidney. 
r. glands, the suprarenal capsules, r. inadequacy, 
the condition in which the amount of urinary solids, 
and often the quantity of urine itself, is considerably 
diminished. It is probably due to an exhausted con- 
dition of the epithelial cells of the kidney, r. plexus, 
see plexus, renal, r. storm, Murchison's term for a 
peculiar form of neurosal attack referred to the kid- 
ney, frequently seen in patients suffering from aortic 
regurgitation. There is sudden excruciating pain 
over the region of the kidney, like renal colic, but 
without nausea or retraction of the testicle, and with 
the passage of normal urine. 

renalina {ren-al-e'-na). Trade name for a prep- 
aration of suprarenal gland. 

renculin {ren'-ku-lin) [ren]. An albuminoid said 
to exist in the suprarenal capsules. 

renculus {ren'-ku-lus). See reniculus. 

Rendu's type of tremor {ron'-doo) [Henri Jules 
Louis Marie Rendu, French physician, 1844-1902]. 



RENICAPSULE 



753 



RESIN 



A hysterical tremor provoked or increased by volitional 
movements. 

renicapsule {ren-e-kap'-sul) [ren; capsula, a cap- 
sule]. A suprarenal capsule. 

reniculus {ren-ik'-u-lus) [L., dim. of ren, kidney]. 
A lobule of the kidney; renculus. 

reniform (ren'-e-form) [ren; forma, form]. Kidney- 
shaped. 

renin {ren' -in) [ren], A renal substance used in 
organotherapy. 

reniportal (ren-ip-or'-tal) [ren, kidney; porta, gate]. 
Relating to the venous capillary circulation of the 
kidney. 

renipuncture {ren-e-punk'-chur) [ren; pungere, to 
prick]. Puncture of the capsule of the kidney. 

renitent {ren'-it-ent) [reniti, to resist]. Resistant 
to pressure. 

rennet {ren'-et) [AS., rinnan, to run], i. The pre- 
pared inner membrane of the fourth stomach of the 
calf, or an infusion of this membrane. It contains a 
milk-curdling ferment that decomposes casein. 2. 
Rennin, q. v. 

rennin (ren'-in) [see rennet]. The milk-curdling 
ferment of the gastric juice. 

renninogen, rennogen {ren-in'-o-jen, ren'-o-jen) 
[rennet]. The zymogen whence rennin is formed; it 
exists in the cells of the mucous membrane of the 
stomach. 

renocutaneous {ren-o-kii-ta'-ne-us) [ren; cutane- 
ous]. Relating to the kidneys and the skin. 

renoform {ren'-o-form). Trade name for a prep- 
aration of suprarenal gland. 

renogastric {ren-o-gas'-trik) [ren; yaarrip, stomach]. 
Relating to the kidney and the stomach. 

renointestinal {ren-o-in-tes'-tin-al). Relating to 
the kidney and the intestines. 

renopulmonary {ren-o-pul' -mon-a-re) . Relating to 
the kidney and the lungs. 

renostypticin {ren-o-stip'-tis-in). Trade name for 
a preparation of suprarenal gland. 

renostyptin {ren-o-stip'-tin). Trade name for a 
preparation of suprarenal gland. 

renovation (ren-o-va'-shun) [renovatio; renovare, to 
render new]. The repair or renewal of that which 
has been impaired. 

renuent {ren'-u-ent) [renuens, nodding back the 
head]. In anatomy, throwing back the head; ap- 
plied to certainmuscles. 

renule {ren'-ul) [ren, the kidney]. A small kidney. 

Reoch's test for albumin. See Macwilliam. R.'s 
test for hydrochloric acid in the contents of the stom- 
ach, on the addition of a mixture of citrate of iron and 
quinine and potassium sulphocyanide to the gastric 
juice or contents of the stomach, containing free 
hydrochloric acid, a red coloration will be produced. 

reorganization {re-or-gan-iz-a'-shun) [re, again; 
organization]. Healing by the development of tissue 
elements similar to those lost through some morbid 
process. 

rep. Abbreviation for repetatur [L.]. Let it be 
repeated. 

repand (re-pand') [re, back; pandus, bent, crooked]. 
In biology, applied to a leaf-margin which is toothed 
like the margin of an umbrella. A bacterial culture 
with a wrinkled or wavy edge. 

repatency {re-pa' -tense) [re, again; patens, open]. 
The reopening of a part or vessel, r. of a vessel, 
after ligation, the reopening of the lumen of a ligated 
vessel from too rapid absorption of the ligature, or 
from slipping of the knot. 

repellent {re-pel '-ent) [re, back; pellere, to push]. 
1. Driving back. 2. Causing resolution of morbid 
processes. 

repercolation {re-per-ko-la'-shun) [re, again; per- 
colare, to percolate]. Repeated percolation; the 
passage of a percolate for a second time, or oftener, 
through the percolator. 

repercussion {re-per-kush'-un) [re, again; per- 
cussion]. 1. Ballottement. 2. A driving in or dis- 
persion of a tumor or eruption. 

repercussive {re-per-kus'-iv) [see repercussion], 
1. Repellent. 2. A repellent drug. 

repercutient {re-per-ku'-she-ent) [re, again; per- 
cutere, to percuss]. Effecting a repercussion; per- 
taining to a process or function of rebound, or reac- 
tion. 

replantation {re-plan-ta'-shun) [replantare, to plant 
again]. The act of planting again, r. of the teeth, 
the replacement of teeth which have been extracted 
or otherwise removed from their cavities; when 



diseased, the thickened periosteum is scraped off 
before returning such teeth to their sockets. 

repletion {re-ple'-shun) [re, again; plere, to fill]. 
The condition of being full. 

replication {rep-lik-a'-shun) [re, back; plica, a 
fold]. A refolding or turning back of a part so as 
to form a duplication. 

reposing {re-po' '-zing) [see reposition]. Returning 
an abnormally placed part to its proper position. 

reposing the features, in dentistry, a term including 
everything necessary to bring each and all of the 
visible parts of the face and mouth into harmony of 
relation to each other; this necessarily includes the 
teeth, the relation of the lower to the upper jaw, 
the lips, cheeks, and soft parts of the face that have 
assumed a wrong position by reason of the loss of the 
natural organs. 

reposition {re-po-zish'-un) [re, back; ponere, to 
place]. Return of an abnormally placed part to its 
proper position. Reduction of hernia, dislocation, 
uterus, etc. 

repositor {re-poz' -it-or) [see reposition]. An instru- 
ment for replacing parts that have become dis- 
placed, especially for replacing a prolapsed umbilical 
cord; an instrument used in the replacement of a 
displaced uterus. . 

repoussoir {ra-poo-swahr') [Ft.]. An instrument 
for extracting the roots of teeth. 

reprise {ra-prez') [Ft. "recovery"]. That part 
of the cry of a child which is heard during the act of 
inspiration. The loud inspiration in pertussis. The 
"whoop." 

reproduction {re-pro-duk'-shun) [re, again; pro- 
duce]. 1. The conscious repetition of perceived 
sensations. 2. The act of producing again; the 
procreation of one's kind; the producing of something 
like that lost, r., asexual, that without sexual inter- 
course, r., endogenous, internal cell formation, r., 
sexual, thatby the union of sexually distinct cells. 

reproductive {re-pro-duk'-tiv) [reproduction]. Per- 
taining to reproduction, as the reproductive organs. 

repullulation {re-pul-u-la'-shun) [re, again; pullu~ 
lare, to sprout]. The return of a morbid growth. 

repulsion {re-pul'-shun) [re, back; pellere, to drive; 
to push]. 1. The act of repelling or driving back or 
apart. 2. The influence tending to drive two bodies 
apart; the opposite of attraction, r., capillary, 
repulsion due to the forces causing movements of 
liquids in small tubes. 

resacetin {rez-as'-et-in). A salt of oxyphenyl- 
acetic acid. 

resaldol {rez-al'-dol). An acetyl derivative of 
saliformin and resorcinol; an intestinal astringent 
and antiseptic. Dose 8 dr.-2| oz. (30-75 Gm.) 
daily. 

resalgin {rez-al'-jin). A compound of resorcin 
and antipyrin. 

resection {re-sek'-shun) [re, again; secare, to cut]. 
The operation of cutting out. r. of a joint, the 
cutting away of the ends of the bones forming a 
joint, or a portion of bone, nerve, or other structure. 

reserve air. See respiration. 

reservoir of Pecquet {pek-a'). See receptaculum 
chyli. 

residual air {re-zid'-u-al). See under respiration. 
r. ear, a middle ear which has been the seat of a 
suppurative process, which process has ceased and 
left the tympanic structures in a permanently dam- 
aged condition. 

residue {rez'-id-u) [residere, to remain]. That 
remaining after a part has been removed ; balance or 
remainder. 

residuum {re-zid'-u-um). 1. See residue. 2. 
Behring's term for the mass of tubercle bacilli used 
in the manufacture of tuberculase. 

resilience {re-zil'-e-ens) [resilient]. 1. The quality 
of being elastic or resilient. 2. Healthy reaction. 

resilient {re-zil'-e-ent) [re, back; satire, to leap]. 
Rebounding; elastic, r. stricture, one that contracts 
again immediately after being dilated. 

resin {rez'-in) [resina]. 1. One of a class of 
vegetable substances exuding from various plants, 
and characterized by being soluble in alcohol, in 
ether, and in the volatile oils, and insoluble in water; 
they are readily fusible and inflammable. They are 
obtained in pharmacy by treating the substances 
containing them with alcohol, and then precipitating 
the alcoholic solution with water. 2. See rosin. 
r., gum-, one differing from a true resin only in 
containing some gum capable of softening in water. 



RESINA 



754 



RESPIRATION 



r. of jalap (resina jalapa, U. S. P., B. P.). Dose 
2-5 gr. (0.13-0.32 Gm.). r.-plaster. See plaster. 
r. of podophyllum {resina podophylli, U. S. P.). 
Dose £-$ gr. (0.008-0.032 Gm.). r. of scammony 
(resina scammonii, U. S. P., B. P.). Dose 4-8 gr. 
(0.26-0.52 Gm.). 

resina (rez-i'-nah). Colophony. The residue left 
after distilling off the volatile oil of turpentine. 
See rosin. 

resinate (rez'-in-at). A compound of a resin with 
a base. 

resineon (rez-in'-e-on). A volatile oil distilled 
from resin with potash and freed from phenol. It 
is used as a wound antiseptic and in the treatment 
of skin diseases. 

resinoid (rez'-in-oid) [resina, a resin; eldos, like]. 
1. Resembling a resin. 2. A substance which has 
some of the properties of a resin. Most of the so- 
called resinoids are of indefinite chemical compo- 
sition; others are impure resins. 

resinol (rez'-in-ol). See retinol. 

resinous (rez'-in-us) [resin]. Having the nature 
of a resin. 

resistance (re-zis'-tans) [resistare, to withstand]. 

1. Opposition to force or external impression. 

2. In electricity, the opposition offered by a con- 
ductor to the passage of the current, r.-coil, a coil 
of wire for increasing the resistance in a circuit. 
r., essential, r., internal, the resistance to conduction 
within the battery itself, r., extraordinary, r., 
external, the resistance to conduction outside of the 
battery, r., Issaeff's period of, a temporary power 
of resistance to inoculation by virulent cultures of 
bacteria, conferred by the injection of various 
substances, such as salt solution, urine, serum, etc. 

resistivity (re-zis-tiv'-it-e) [resistance]. The amount 
or character of electrical resistance exhibited by a 
body. 

resol (rez'-ol). A disinfectant mixture of saponi- 
fied wood-tar and methyl-alcohol. 

resolution (rez-o-lii'-shun) [resolvere, to resolve]. 
The return of a part to the normal state after a 
pathological process. 

resolve (re-zolv 1 ) [resolvere, to resolve]. 1. To 
return to the normal state after some pathological 
process. 2. To separate anything into its component 
parts. 

resolvent (re-zol'-vent) [resolve]. 1. Causing solu- 
tion or dissipation of tissue. 2. An agent causing 
resolution. 

resolving power. The capability of a lens of 
making clear the finest details of an object. 

resonance (rez'-o-nans) [re, again; sonar e, to 
sound]. 1. The sound obtained on striking a hollow 
object, especially the note obtained on percussing 
the chest or abdomen. 2. The sound of the voice 
as transmitted to the ear applied to the chest, r., 
amphoric, a sound resembling that produced by 
blowing across the mouth of a bottle, r., bell- 
metal, a bell-like sound heard on auscultation in 
pneumothorax when the chest is percussed with two 
coins used as plexor and pleximeter. r., cracked-pot, a 
sound elicited by percussing over a pulmonary cavity 
communicating with a bronchus, r., hydatid, a pecu- 
liar sound heard in combined auscultation and percus- 
sion of hydatid cysts. It is not heard in other cystic 
conditions, r., Skodaic, the increased percussion 
resonance over the upper part of a lung when the 
lower part is compressed by a pleural effusion, r., 
tympanitic, a hollow sound elicited on percussion over 
the intestine and over large pulmonary cavities with 
thin yielding walls, r., vesicular, the normal 
pulmonary resonance, r., vesiculotympanitic, an 
admixture of vesicular and tympanitic resonance. 
r., vocal, the sound heard on auscultation of the 
chest during ordinary speech, r., whispering, the 
sound heard on auscultation of the chest during the 
act of whispering. 

resonant (rez'-o-nant) [resonans, resounding]. 
1. Sounding or ringing in the nasal passages. 2. A 
resonant or nasal sound; see consonant. 

resonator (rez'-o-na-tor) [see resonance]. An instru- 
ment used to intensify sounds. 

resopyrine (rez-o-pi'-ren). A compound of resor- 
cinol and antipyrine. It is used in any condition 
in which antipyrine and resorcinol are indicated. 
Dose 5-10 gr. (0.32-0.65 Gm.). 

resorbent (re-sorb' -ent) [resorbere, to draw to it- 
self]. 1. Favoring resorption. 2. A drug which 
aids in the process of resorption. 



resorbin (re-sorb' -in). A penetrating ointment- 
base consisting of an emulsion of sweet almond oil, 
wax, and a dilute aqueous solution of gelatin or soap. 

resorcin (re-zor'-sin). See resorcinol. 

resorcinism (re-zor'-sin-izm) [resorcin]. A toxic 
condition caused by injudicious or excessive use of 
resorcin. 

resorcinol (re-zor'-sin-ol) [resin; or cin]. 1. C6H6O2. 
A crystalline substance isomeric with pyrocatechin 
and hydroquinone, and usually prepared by fusing 
sodium benzene disulphonate and sodium hydroxide. 
It is an antipyretic and antiseptic, but is chiefly 
used in ointments for chronic skin diseases. Dose 
2-5 gr. (0.13-0.32 Gm.). 2. Equal parts of resor- 
cinol and iodoform fused together; it is used as a 
surgical dusting-powder, 20 to 50 % with starch, 
or 7 to 15 % ointment. 

resorcinopyrin (re-zor-sin-o-pi'-rin). See reso- 
pyrin. 

resorcinum (re-zor'-sin-um) [L.: gen., resorcini]. 
Resorcinol. 

resorcylalgin (re-zor-sil-al'-jin). A crystalline 
derivative of /3-resorcylic acid and antipyrin, soluble 
in alcohol, ether, or chloroform, or 150 parts of 
water; melts at 115 C. It is antipyretic and 
anodyne. _ Syn., resalgin. 

resorption (re-sorp'-shun) [re, again; sorbere, to 
absorb]. 1. The absorption of morbid deposits, 
as of the products of inflammation. 2. The process 
through which the roots of temporary teeth disap- 
pear. Occasionally the roots of permanent teeth 
suffer resorption, r., cutaneous. See absorption, 
cutaneous, r.-infection, a mode of jnfection marked 
by the development of bacteria at a distance from the 
point of introduction, r., lacunar (of bone), resorp- 
tion of bone by osteoclasts forming and occupying 
Howship's lacunae. 

resosalyl (re-so-sal'-il). A proprietary antiseptic 
containing the salicylate ester of ethyl-resorcin with 
boric acid, benzoic acid, camphor, chloral, and other 
substances. 

respirable (res-pi' -rah-bl) [see respiration]. Capable 
of being inspired and expired ; capable of furnishing the 
gaseous interchange in the lungs necessary for life. 

respiration (res-pi-ra'-shun) [re, again; spirare, to 
breathe]. 1. The interchange between the gases 
of living organisms and the gases of the medium 
in which they live, through any channel, as cutaneous 
respiration. 2. The act of breathing with the 
lungs; the taking into and the expelling from the 
lungs of air. It consists of two acts — inspiration, 
or the taking in of the atmospheric air, and expiration, 
the expelling of the modified air. Expired air 
contains less oxygen and more carbon dioxide than 
inspired air. The volume of air taken into the lungs 
and given out during an ordinary respiration (tidal 
air) is 500 Cc; the volume that can be inspired in 
addition by a forcible inspiration (complemental air) 
is 1500 Cc; that which remains in the chest after a 
normal expiration (reserve or supplemental air) is 
1500 Cc; the amount remaining in the chest after 
the most complete expiration (residual air) is from 
1 200-1600 Cc. The volume of air that can be 
forcibly expelled after the most forcible inspiration 
is termed vital or respiratory capacity and is equal 
to the tidal air, complemental air, and reserve air, 
or about 3500 Cc See breath and breathing, r., 
abdominal, a type of respiration caused by the 
contraction of the diaphragm and the elasticity of 
the abdominal walls and viscera. It is more common 
in men than in women, r., absent, suppression of 
respiratory sounds, r., accelerated, when exceeding 
25 respirations a minute, r., aerial, respiration in 
which the respiration membrane receives oxygen and 
is relieved of carbon dioxide by means of atmospheric 
air. r., amphoric, a blowing respiration engendered 
in large cavities with firm walls. Its peculiar charac- 
ter is due to an echo from the walls of the cavity. 
r., aquatic, respiration in which the respiratory 
membrane, the branchial mucosa (gills), the skin, 
etc, receive oxygen and are relieved of carbon dioxide 
by means of water, r., artificial, artificial produc- 
tion of the normal respiratory movements; see 
artificial respiration, r., blowing. See r., bronchial. 
r., branchial, respiration by means of gills or bran- 
chiae as in aquatic animals, r., bronchial, respiration 
as heard over the trachea or bronchial tubes in 
health; it is high in pitch, equal in inspiration and 
expiration, blowing in character, especially the expir- 
atory element, and is marked by a brief pause be- 



RESPIRATION 



755 



RESPIRATORY 



tween inspiration and expiration. It is well defined 
only in case of pulmonary consolidation, r., broncho- 
cavernous, a form intermediate in character between 
bronchial and cavernous respiration, r., broncho- 
vesicular, respiration having the characters of both 
bronchial and vesicular respiration. It is heard over 
areas of consolidation surrounded by patches of 
healthy lung-tissue, r., buccal. See mouth-breath- 
ing, r., cavernous, a blowing respiration of low 
pitch, circumscribed, alternating with gurgling, and 
deriving its chief character from the nature of the 
cavity in which it is generated, r., center of, the 
nervous center regulating the act of respiration is 
situated in the floor of the fourth ventricle near the 
point of the calamus. It is automatic in its action. 
r., cerebral, respiration in which the lips are closed, 
the cheeks distended, the nostrils dilate with each 
expiration, which is attended with a puffing sound; 
the respirations are irregular. It is observed es- 
pecially in typhus fever and in apoplexy, r., clavi- 
cular, a form resorted to by singers and in which the 
clavicle is brought into play in the respiratory 
movements, the shoulders being elevated, r., 
cogged or cogwheel. See r., interrupted, r., costal, 
respiration in which the chest-movement predomi- 
nates over the diaphragmatic movement. It is seen 
especially in women, and is supposed to be related 
to gestation or perhaps partially to the mode of 
dress, r., costo-inferior, respiration in which the 
elevation and depression (respiratory movements) 
are confined chiefly to the lower ribs. It is best seen 
in dogs, r., costo-superior, respiration in which 
the respiratory movements involve chiefly the upper 
ribs. It is most common in women, r., cutaneous, 
the giving off of carbon dioxide and taking up of 
oxygen through the skin, r., diaphragmatic. See 
r„ abdominal, r., direct, respiration in which the 
living substance of an organism, as an ameba, takes 
oxygen directly from the surrounding medium and 
returns carbon dioxide directly to it, no respiratory 
blood being present, r., divided, respiration in which 
there exists a distinct interval between inspiration 
and expiration. It is seen in emphysema as a result 
of the distention of the air-vesicles and consequent 
reduction in expelling force, r., exaggerated, an 
increase in intensity, without alteration in character 
or rhythm of the respiratory movements, r., ex- 
ternal. See r., blood, r., extrinsic (of F. Hewitt), 
the inspiration and immediate expiration of a gas, 
so that a portion that has once been inspired is not 
inspired again, r., facial, a term applied to all the 
movements of the face during inspiration and expira- 
tion, r.. feeble, diminution in the intensity without 
alteration in the character or rhythm of the respira- 
tory movements, r., fetal, the interchange of gases 
between the fetal and the maternal blood through 
the medium of the placenta, r., forced, respiration 
induced by blowing air into the lungs by means of a 
bellows, or in some other way, as in physiological ex- 
periments, r., harsh. See r., broncho-vesicular. 
r., hissing, an increased vesicular murmur causing 
a hissing sound, r., hollow. See r., amphoric. 
r., indeterminate, the most pronounced vesicular 
grade of broncho-vesicular respiration, r., indirect, 
respiration in which the living substance of the 
organism, as in all the higher animals, gets rid of 
carbon dioxide and obtains oxygen by means of a 
circulating respiratory blood, r., inner or internal, 
the taking up of oxygen and giving off of carbon 
dioxide by the body-elements for their own require- 
ments. It occurs in man in the capillary system. 
r., interrupted, respiration in which either inspiration 
or expiration is divided into two or more parts. It 
is most often heard at the apex of the right lung, 
anteriorly, r., intestinal, the interchange of respira- 
tory gases in the mucous membrane of the intestines. 
r., intra-uterine, respiration by the fetus before 
delivery, r., intrinsic (of F. Hewitt), the breathing 
over and over again of a limited volume of gas. r., 
jerking. See r., interrupted, r., labored, respiration 
in which, owing to lack of ability on the part of the 
ordinary muscles of respiration to sufficiently aerate 
the blood, the auxiliary muscles of respiration are 
called into play, r., laryngeal, the widening of the 
glottis during inspiration and its narrowing during 
expiration, r., lung. See r., pulmonary, r., meta- 
morphosing (of Seitz), respiration in which the 
first part of the inspiratory sound is tubular and 
the last part cavernous; a cavernous element is also 
heard during expiration. It is a certain sign of a 



cavity (Vierordt). r., muscle, respiration by a 
muscle when in action, r., nasal, nose-breathing. 
r., nervous. See r., cerebral, r., normal, respiration 
as it occurs in a normal individual in a state of rest 
or moderate action, r., oral. See mouth-breathing. 
r., ordinary. See r., normal, r., organs of, any 
parts of the body by means of which certain con- 
stituents of the blood are exchanged for those of 
the surrounding air or water, r., pharyngeal (of 
Garland), rhythmic expansions and contractions of 
the pharynx in connection with other movements 
of respiration. The expansion is pre-inspiratory 
and the contraction inspiratory, r., placental. See 
r., fetal, r., puerile. See r., exaggerated, r., pos- 
tural, r., prone. See artificial respiration, Hall's 
method, r., puerile. See r., exaggerated, r., pul- 
monary, respiration in which the interchange of gas 
between the blood and air occurs in the lungs, r., 
rough, a variety of broncho-vesicular respiration. 
r., rude. See r., rough, r., senile, the feeble respira- 
tion of old age. r., sighing, deep respiration accom- 
panied with sighing. It is seen in pulmonary con- 
gestion and dyspepsia, r., stertorous, the sound 
produced by breathing through the nose and mouth 
at the same time, causing vibration of the velum 
pendulum palati between the two currents of air. 
r. subsibilant (of Laennec), a dull, whistling sound 
heard over the bronchi, and due to an obstruction 
by mucus, r., superficial. See r., blood, r., sup- 
plementary. See r., exaggerated, r., thoracic. See 
r., costal, r., tissue. See r., internal, r., to-and- 
fro. See r., intrinsic, r., tracheal, the respiratory 
murmur heard in a normal individual by placing a 
stethoscope over the supra-sternal fossa, r., tran- 
quil. See r., normal, r., tubular. See r., bronchial. 
r., _ uremic. See Cheyne-Stokes' respiration, r., 
vaginal, the movements of the vagina caused by the 
movements of the diaphragm in respiration, r., 
ventral. See r., abdominal, r., vesicular, a soft, 
gradual, low-pitched inspiration immediately fol- 
lowed by a shorter and less distinct expiration- 
sound heard over the normal lung during respiration. 
r., vesiculo-bronchial. See r., bronchovesicular. 
r., vesiculocavernous, respiration that is both vesi- 
cular and cavernous, r., wavy. See r., interrupted. 

respirator (res'-pi-ra-tor) [respiration]. An appli- 
ance by which the inspired air, in passing through it, 
is warmed, purified, or medicated. 

respiratory (res-pi' -ra-to-re) [respiration]. Pertain- 
ing to respiration, r. blood, Huxley's name for 
the fluid present in the pseudohemal system of 
vessels of certain invertebrates (Annelida). It 
contains a dissolved red substance allied to 
hemoglobin, r. bundle, the ascending root of the 
glossopharyngeal nerve, probably arising in the 
posterior horns of the cord. r. capacity, the 
capacity of the blood for taking up oxygen in the 
respiratory organs and depositing it in the tissues, 
and of taking up carbon dioxide from the tissues and 
giving it off in the respiratory organs, r. cavity, 
the same as the thoracic cavity; also used as a 
general term to describe the air-passages, r. center. 
See center, respiratory, r. chamber, a respiratory 
cavity, r. excursion, the entire movement of the 
chest during the complete act of respiration, r. 
filaments, thread-like organs arranged in tufts near 
the head of the larva of the gnat. r. glottis, that 
part of the glottis between the arytenoid cartilages. 
r. murmur, the sound produced by the air entering 
and escaping from the lungs during respiration. 
r. nerve, one of two nerves supplying important mus- 
cles of respiration: the external is the posterior 
thoracic nerve; the internal, the phrenic nerve. 
r. percussion, Da Costa's term for the method of 
physical examination by noting the sound elicited 
by percussion of the chest while the breath is held 
after a full inspiration, and also after a prolonged 
expiration, r. periods, the time elapsing between 
the beginning of one inspiration and that of the next. 
r. pulse, the modifications in the pulse produced by 
respiration, r. quotient, the quotient resulting from 
dividing the quantity of carbon dioxcide exhaled, 
by the amount of oxygen inhaled, r. sound. See 
r. murmur, r. surface, the entire surface of pul- 
monary tissue coming in contact with the respired 
air. r. tract, all the air-passages and air-cells con- 
cerned in respiration, r. tubes, a term applied to 
all tubular organs of respiration, r. vesicular mur- 
mur, the normal respiratory murmur; see respiration, 
normal. 



RESPIRE 



756 



RETENE 



respire (re-splr') [re, back; spirare, to breathe]. 
To breathe. 

respirometer (res-pi-rom'-et-er) [respiration; ukrpov, 
a measure]. A device to determine the character of 
the respiration. 

response (re-spons') [respondere, to answer]. The 
reaction or movement of a muscle or other part due 
to the application of a stimulus. 

responsibility (re-spon-sib-iV -it-e) [respondere, to 
answer]. In medical jurisprudence, the accounta- 
bility of a person for an act committed. It usually 
turns upon the question as to whether or not the 
person was of sound mind and capable of controlling 
his actions and thoughts. 

rest [ME., resten, to rest]. I. Cessation of labor 
or action; to sleep; to lie dormant. 2. A mass of 
embryonic cells which, having been misplaced during 
organic evolution, remain quiescent and fail to reach 
their normal evolution. They at times act as foci 
for the development of new growths or other patho- 
logic phenomena, r.s, adrenal, r.s, suprarenal, 
masses of aberrant adrenal tissue occasionally 
observed beneath the capsule of the kidney, r.- 
atom, the part of an atom which remains after an 
alpha-ray has been discharged from it; also called 
recoil-atom, r.-cure. See Mitchell's treatment. 

restibrachium (res-te-bra'-ke-um) [restis; brachium]. 
The inferior peduncles of the cerebellum. 

restiform (res'-te-form) [restis; forma, form]. 
Corded or cord-like. r. body, a part of the medulla 
oblongata, which as the inferior cerebellar peduncle 
connects the medulla with the cerebellum. It con- 
tains fibers from the lateral column of the spinal 
cord (the lateral cerebellar tract), from the posterior 
column, and from the inferior olivary nucleus. 

resting (rest'-ing). Ceasing from motion; at rest. 
r.-cell. Same as r. -spore, r.-sporangium, in biology, 
Pringsheim's term for peculiar resting-cells formed by 
the mycele of a few fungi (e. g., Saprolegnia), in 
which zoospores are produced, r.-spore, in biology, 
a spore invested with a firm cell-wall, which remains 
dormant for a period, often during the whole winter, 
before it germinates, r.-stage, in biology, the period 
of dormancy in the history of a plant or germ. 
r.-state, in biology, a state of suspended activity, 
the condition of perennial plants, bulbs, seeds, and 
spores during their period of dormancy. 

restis (res'-tis) [L., "a rope"]. The restiform 
body. 

restitutio ad integrum [L.]. Complete restoration 
to a healthy condition. 

restitution (res-tit-u'-shun) [re, again; statuere, to 
set up]. 1. The act of restoring. 2. In obstetrics, 
a rotation of the fetal head immediately after its 
birth. 

restoration {res-tor -a' -shun) [restaurare, to restore]. 
The renewal of or return to a state of health. 

restorative (re-sto'-ra-tiv) [restore]. A remedy 
that is efficacious in restoring health and strength. 

restraint (re-strant') [restringere, to draw back]. 
1. Hindrance of any action, physical, moral, or 
mental. 2. The state of being controlled; speci- 
fically, abridgment of liberty in the care of the insane. 
r.-bed and r.-chair. Seer., mechanical, r., mechani- 
cal, restraining the insane by mechanical means. 
r., medicinal, the use of narcotics and sedatives in 
quieting the insane. 

restringent (re-strin'-jent) [restringere, to restrain]. 
An astringent or styptic. 

resublimation (re-sub-lim-a' -shun) [re, again; 
sublimare, to raise on high]. The process of subliming 
a drug for the second time. 

resudation (re-su-da'-shun) [re, again; sudor, 
sweat]. The return of sweating as a symptom. 

resupinate (re-su'-pin-at) [re, again; supinare, 
to bend backward]. Turned in a direction opposite 
to normal; as an ovary with its apex downward. 

resurrectionist (rez-ur-ek'-shun-ist) [resurgere, to 
rise again]. Colloquially, one who steals dead 
bodies from the grave as subjects for dissection. 

resuscitate (re-sus'-it-at) [resuscitare, to revive]. 
To revive ; to recover from apparent death. 

resuscitation (re-sus-it-a'-shun) [re, again; suscitare, 
to raise up]. The bringing back to life of one ap- 
parently dead. 

resuscitator (re-sus'-it-a-tor) [see resuscitation]. 
One who or that which resuscitates, r., intragastric, 
an apparatus devised by Fenton B. Tiirck for the 
purpose of reducing surgical shock and collapse. 
It consists simply of a double stomach-tube, at one 



end of which is attached a soft-rubber bag. By 
this means heat is applied in a uniform and diffuse 
manner, up to 135° F. 

retainer (re-ta'-nur) [retinere, to keep back]. A 
dental appliance for holding in position teeth which 
have been moved. 

retamine (ret-am'-en) [retama, the Spanish name 
for genista], C15H26N2O. An alkaloid from the bark 
of Genista sphcerocarpa. 

retardation (re-tar-da' -shun) [retardatio; retardare, 
to delay]. Any hindering or delaying of a function. 
In obstetrics, delay in expelling the fetus. In 
biology, the change of structure during growth 
accomplished by the subtraction of parts. The 
opposite of acceleration, q. v. 

retarding (re-tar' -ding) [retardare, to delay]. 
Hindering; delaying, r. ague, a variety of ague in 
which the paroxysm is postponed to a later hour 
each day. 

retch [AS., hrcecan, to clear the throat]. To 
strain at vomiting. 

rete (re'-te) [L., a net: pi., retia]. Any network 
or decussation and interlacing, especially of capillary 
blood-vessels, r., acromiale, a plexus of arteries 
on the surface of the acromial process, formed by 
anastomoses between the acromial branch of the 
acromiothoracic, the suprascapular, and the anterior 
and posterior circumflex, r. arteriosum capitis, a 
network over the upper part of the cranium formed 
by the anastomosis of the frontal, temporal, and 
occipital arteries, r. arteriosum faciei, a network 
formed by the terminal branches of the facial, infra- 
orbital, ophthalmic, and internal maxillary arteries 
r. articulare cubiti, an arterial anastomosis over the 
elbow, r. articulare genu, one formed by the 
anastomosis of the arteries over the anterior and 
lateral surfaces of the knee, r., bipolare, applied 
to blood-vessels that unite into larger stems and 
again divide and end in capillaries, r. calcaneum, 
an arterial anastomosis over the os calcis. r., carpal, 
anterior, and posterior, two plexuses of arteries 
formed by the carpal branches of the radius and 
ulna, one in front and the other at the back of the 
wrist, r. carpi dorsale, the posterior carpal arch. 
r. carpi volare, an arterial meshwork made up of 
branches from the radial and ulnar arteries and 
deep palmar arch upon the anterior surface of the 
carpus, r. choroideum, vascular prolongations of 
the pia. r., cubitale. See r. articulare cubiti. r. 
dorsalis pedis, an arterial network on the dorsum 
of the foot formed by branches of the tarsal and meta- 
tarsal arteries joined by perforating plantar branches. 
r. epidermal. Same as r. mucosum. r. Halleri, the 
upper part of the Wolffian body by which the com- 
munication between the seminiferous tubules and 
the Wolffian duct is established and maintained. 
r. majus, the great omentum, r. malleolare in- 
ternum and externum, the network surrounding the 
inner and the outer ankle, r. Malpighii, the layers 
of epithelial cells above the corium. r. mirabile 
(pi., retia mirabilia), is seen when an artery splits 
into branches and reunites in a trunk, without form- 
ing capillaries, r. mirabile duplex. See r. mirabile 
geminum or conjugatum. r. mirabile (of Galen), a 
network of vessels formed by the intracranial portion 
of the internal carotid artery in some animals, r. 
mirabile geminum or conjugatum, a plexus in which 
arteries and veins are combined, r. mirabile of 
Malpighi, the network formed by the ultimate rami- 
fications of the pulmonary artery, r. mirabile 
simplex, a network involving only veins or arteries. 
r. mirabile unipolar. See r., unipolar, r. mucosum, 
the three lower layers of living cells of the epidermis. 
r. olecrani, the network of vessels around the ole- 
cranon and at the back of the elbow, formed by the 
divisions of the profunda and other arteries, r. 
patellare, the plexus of vessels surrounding the 
patella, r. tarseum dorsale, an arterial network upon 
the dorsal surface of the tarsus, r. testis, the net- 
work of seminal tubules in the corpus Highmori of 
the testicle, r., unipolar, the capillary divisions of 
blood-vessels which do not reunite, r. vasculosum, 
a network of blood-vessels, r. vasculosum testis. 
See r. Halleri. r. venosum dorsale manus, a venous 
network on the back of the hand. r. venosum dorsale 
pedis, a venous network on the dorsum of the 
foot. r. venosum volare manus, a palmar network 
of the hand. 

retene (re' -ten), CisHis. A hydrocarbon occurring 
in the highest fractions of coal-tar and also a deriva- 



RETENTIO 



757 



RETENITIS 



tive of phenanthrene. It occurs in the tar of highly 
resinous pines and in some mineral resins. 

retentio mensium (re-ten' -she-o men' -se-um) [L.]. 
Retention of the menses; a condition in which men- 
struation occurs but its products are retained in 
consequence of atresia of the genital canal. 

retention (re-ten' -shun) [re, back; tenere, to hold]. 
The act of retaining or holding back. r. cyst. See 
cyst, retention, r.-hypothesis (of Chauveau). See 
immunity, theory of, Chauveau' s retention, r. of urine, 
the holding of the urine in the bladder on account 
■of some hindrance to urination. 

retia (re'-te-ah) [L., plural of rete]. See rete. 

retial (re'-te-al) [rete]. Relating to, or of the nature 
of, a rete. 

reticula (ret-ik'-u-lah) [pi. of reticulum, a network]. 
The preferred name for formatio reticularis. 

reticular (ret-ik'-u-lar) [reticulum]. Resembling a 
net; formed by a network, r. formation. See 
formatio reticularis, r. lamina, the membrane cover- 
ing the organ of Corti. r. layer of the skin, the 
deep layer of the skin, consisting of interlacing 
bands of white and yellow fibrous tissue, r. tissue, 
the stroma of adenoid tissue; adenoid tissue; cellular 
tissue in general. 

reticulated (ret-ik-u-la'-ted). Having net-like 
meshes. 

reticulin (re-tik'-u-lin). A body found by Sieg- 
fried in the fibers of reticular tissue with a percentage 
composition: C, 52.88; H, 6.97; N, 15.63; S, 1.88; 
P, 0.34; ash, 2.27; but believed by other authorities 
to be simply collagen coagulated by reagents com- 
bined with proteid and nuclein residues of cells. 

reticulose (ret-ik'-u-los) [reticulum, a net]. Min- 
utely or finely reticulate. 

reticulum (ret-ik'-u-lum) [reticulum, dim. of rete, 
net]. A network. 

retiform (ret'-if-orm). Net-shaped; reticular. 
r. tissue. See reticular tissue. 

retina (ret'-in-ah) [rete]. The delicate membrane 
of the eye representing the terminal expansion of 
the optic nerve, and extending from the point of 
entrance of the nerve forward to its termination in 
the ora serrata. It consists of the following layers, 
named from behind forward: (a) the pigment-layer; 
(b) the neuroepithelial layer, comprising the layer 
of rods and cones (Jacob's membrane; bacillary 
layer), the outer limiting membrane, and the outer 
nuclear layer; (c) the cerebral layer, comprising the 
outer reticular layer (outer granular layer) , the inner 
nuclear layer, the inner reticular layer (inner granular 
layer), the ganglion-cell layer, the nerve-fiber layer. 
These layers are cemented together by a supporting 
framework of connective tissue, the fibers of Mueller, 
or radiating fibers, r., central artery of, a branch 
of the ophthalmic artery that pierces the optic nerve 
in the orbit, branching within the globe, and sup- 
plying the retina, r., coarctate, a term used to 
describe the morbid condition caused by an effusion 
of liquid between the retina and the choroid; it 
gives the retina a funnel shape, r., detachment of, 
disconnection from the choroid, r. epilepsy of, a 
symptom of migraine or of epilepsy, characterized 
by transient loss of sight, r., fovea centralis of. 
See fovea, r. leopard or tiger, the appearance of 
the retina in chronic retinitis pigmentosa, r., 
limbus luteus of. See macula lutea. r., membrana 
limitans of. See membrana limitans. r., physio- 
logical, middle point of. See fovea centralis, r. pulsa- 
tion of. See pulsation, r., shot-silk appearance of. 
See reflex, watered silk, r., sustentacular fibers of. 
See Mueller, fibers of. r. watered-silk appearance of. 
See reflex, watered-silk. 

retinacula (ret-in-ak'-u~lah) [L.]. Plural of reti- 
naculum, q. v. 

retinaculum (ret-in-ak'-u-lum) [L., "a band"]. 
A band or membrane holding back an organ or part. 
r. costae ultimatae. Same as lumbo-costal ligament, 
q. v. retinacula cutis, fibrous bands connecting > the 
corium with the underlying fascia, r. ligamenti ar- 
cuati, the short external lateral ligament of the 
knee-joint, r. Morgagni, r. of the ileocecal valve, 
the ridge formed by the coming together of the valve- 
segments at each end of the opening between the 
cecum and the ileum, r. musculare tendinis sub- 
scapularis majoris, a name for the inconstant brachio- 
capsularis muscle originating in the shaft of the 
humerus and inserted into the capsular ligament of 
the shoulder joint, retinacula ossis brachii, fibrous 
bands inserted into the neck of the humerus and 



having their origin in the capsule of the humero- 
scapular articulation, r. patellae externum, the 
lateral patellar ligaments, r. patellae internum, the 
ligamentum patellae mediale. r. peroneorum in- 
ferius, a fibrous band running over the peroneal 
tendons as they, pass through the grooves on the 
outer side of the c'alcaneum. r. peroneorum superius, 
the external annular ligament of the ankle-joint. 
r. tendineum, the annular ligament of the wrist or 
ankle, retinacula valvulae. See retinaculum Mor- 
gagni. 

retinal (ret'-in-al) [retina]. Pertaining to or 
affecting the retina, r. apoplexy, hemorrhage into 
the retina, r. horizon, a term used by Helmholtz 
to describe the horizontal plane passing through 
the transverse axis of the eyeball, r. image, the 
image of external objects as reflected on the retina, 
r. ischemia, anemia of the retina, r. melanin. See 
fuscin. r. purple. Same as rhodopsin. 

retinitis (ret-in-i'-tis) [retina; ins, inflammation]. 
Inflammation of the retina, r. albuminurica, the 
form due to nephritis, usually chronic, r. apoplec- 
tica, retinal apoplexy, r., central punctate, a form 
seen most in the aged. A great number of striae or 
white spots are visible in the fundus, r., central 
recurrent, a rare form of syphilitic retinitis charac- 
terized by a central dark scotoma which disappears 
in a few days to return in a few weeks; the attacks 
becoming more frequent, r., central relapsing, a 
form of syphilitic retinitis in which there is a gray 
or yellow area in the muscular region, or numerous 
small yellowish-white spots and pigment-dots. 
r. cerebralis, retinitis due to intracranial inflamma- 
tion, r., choroido-, a form of syphilitic retinitis 
with cellular infiltration, exudation, atrophy, and 
proliferation of the pigment-epithelium in the 
choroid, between the choroid and retina, and in the 
retinal layers, r. circumpapillaris, a form in which 
there is proliferation of the outer layers of the retina 
around the disc, r., diabetic, the form of retinitis 
occurring in diabetes, r., diffuse. See r. serosa. 
r., diffuse parenchymatous, the parenchymatous 
form affecting the limitans, the externa, the interna, 
and the adventitia. r. exsudativa, retinitis with 
parenchymatous exudation, r., glycosuric. Same 
as r., diabetic, q. v. r. gravidarum, a form occurring 
in pregnant women and which is similar to retinitis 
albuminurica, and is of grave prognostic import. 
r. haemorrhagica, a form in which there is swelling 
of the papilla and opaque infiltration of the sur- 
rounding retina; there are distended, dark, and tor- 
tuous veins, and the arteries are small; there are 
hemorrhages, linear or irregular and round in appear- 
ance, r. hepatica, a rare form whih sometimes 
occurs in cases of parenchymatous hepatitis, r. 
leukaemica, a form characterized by pallor of the 
retinal vessels and optic disc, the boundary of the 
latter being indistinct. Hemorrhages appear at 
various points of the membrane, while numerous 
white patches and round bodies are visible about the 
disc in the retina, r. macularis. Same as r., central 
relapsing, q. v. r. nephritica. See r. albuminurica. 
r. nyctalopia, a diffuse, streaked opacity of the 
retina and swelling of the disc, with central scotoma 
or color-scotoma, and more or less marked amblyopia. 
It indicates retro-bulbar neuritis, r. paralytica 
(of Klein), retinitis caused. by paralysis affecting the 
optic nerve. ' r., parenchymatous, a simple chronic 
retinitis affecting the connective tissue of the retina. 
r. pigmentosa, an affection involving all the layers 
of the retina, and consisting in a slowly-progressing 
connective-tissue and pigment-cell proliferation of 
the entire membrane, with wasting of its nerve- 
elements, r. postica, inflammation of the ectal 
retinal layer, r. proliferating, a development of 
connective tissue with the formation of dense bluish 
white masses within the retina, and extending into 
the vitreous humor, r. punctata albescens. Same 
as r., central punctate, r., purulent, a form in which 
there are small circumscribed white spots near the 
papilla and in the macular region, r., renal. See 
r. albuminurica. r., septic. Same as r., purulent. 
r. serosa, a form characterized by an infiltration, 
most marked in the nerve-fiber and ganglionic layer 
of the retina, creating opacity, edema, and hyperemia, 
most marked in the veins, r., simple syphilitic, a 
form of syphilitic retinitis in which the ophthal- 
moscope shows a gray opacity surrounding the 
papilla, which is discolored and cloudy, and the 
veins darker than normal, r. simplex. Same as 



RETINOCHOROIDITIS 



758 



RETROSTALSIS 



r. serosa, r., solar, retinal change from the effect of 
sunlight, r. sympathetica, retinitis of sympathetic 
origin, and attended with retinal hyperemia, redness 
of the disc, engorgement of the veins, and great 
disturbance of vision, r., syphilitic, the form 
occurring in syphilis; it is chronic, diffuse, and a late 
manifestation of the systemic disease. 

retinochoroiditis (ret-in-o-ko-roi-di'-tis) [retina; 
choroiditis]. Inflammation of the retina and choroid. 

retinoid (ret'-in-oid) [prjTivrj, resin; eZSos, form]. 
Resin-like, or in the form of a resin. 

retinol (ret'-in-ol) [resin], C32H16. A liquid 
hydrocarbon obtained in the destructive distillation 
of resin. It is used as a solvent and has also been 
employed in gonorrhea. 

retinoscopy (ret-in-os'-ko-pe) [retina; cwoTreiv, to 
view]. A method of determining the refraction of 
the eye by observation of the movements of the 
retinal images and shadows through the ophthal- 
moscopic mirror. Syn., skiascopy. 

retort (re-tor t') [re, back; torquere, to twist]. A 
vessel employed in distillation, consisting of an 
expanded globular portion and a long neck, and 
containing the liquid to be distilled. 

retract (re-trakt') [re, back; trahere, to draw]. 
To draw back; to contract; to shorten. 

retractile (re-trak'-til) [retrahere, to draw back]. 
That wluch may be drawn back. r. carcinoma, 
mammary carcinoma with retraction of the nipple. 

retractility re-trak-til'-it-e) [retract]. The power 
of retracting or drawing back. 

retraction (re-trak'-shun) [retract]. The act of 
retracting or drawing back, as a retraction of the 
muscles after amputation. Shortening. 

retractor (re-trak'-tor) [retract]. An instrument 
for drawing back the lips of a wound so as to give a 
better view of the deeper parts. 

retrad (re'-trad) [retro, backward]. In or toward 
the rear. 

retrahens aurem (re-tra'-henz aw' -rem). Drawing 
back the ear. See under muscle. 

retrahent (re'-tra-hent) [retrahens, drawing back]. 
Drawing backward; retracting. 

retrenchment (re-trench' -ment) [Fr., retrenchement], 
A plastic operation the object of which is to obtain 
cicatricial contraction by the removal of super- 
fluous tissue. 

retro- (re-tro-). A prefix meaning back, back- 
ward, or behind. 

retroaction (re-tro-ak'-shun) [retro-; agere, to do]. 
Reverse action. 

retroanteroamnesia (re-tro-an-ter-o-am-ne'-ze-ah) . 
See amnesia, retroanterograde. 

retroanterograde (re-tro-ant'-er-o-grad) [retro-; an- 
terius, before; gradi, to go]. Reversing the order of 
succession, r. amnesia. See amnesia, retroantero- 
grade. 

retroauricular (re-tro-aw-rik'-u-lar). Dorsad of 
the auricle of the ear or of the heart. 

retrobuccal (re-tro-buk'-al) [retro-; bucca, the cheek]. 
Pertaining to the back part of the mouth or of the 
cheek. 

retrobulbar (re-tro-bul'-bar) [retro-; bulbar]. 1. 
Situated or occurring behind the eyeball. 2. Behind 
the medulla oblongata, r. neuritis, inflammation 
in the orbital part of the optic nerve, r. perineuritis, 
inflammation of the sheath of the orbital part of the 
optic nerve. 

retrocecal (re-tro-se'-kal). Pertaining to the back 
of the cecum. 

retrocedent (re-tro-se'-dent) [retro-; cedere, to go]. 
Going back; disappearing from the surface, r. 
gout, a form of gout in which the joint-inflammation 
suddenly disappears and is replaced by affections of 
the internal organs. 

retroceps (re'-lro-seps) [Fr.]. A variety of ob- 
stetrical forceps used to grasp the fetal head from 
behind. 

retrocervical (re-tro-ser'-vik-al) [retro-; cervix, neck]. 
Situated behind the cervix uteri. 

retrocession (re-tro-sesh'-un) [retrocede]. The act 
of going back. 

retroclusion (re-tro-kloo'-zhun) [retro-; claudere, to 
shut]. A form of acupressure in which the pin is 
passed first above the artery into the tissues on the 
other side, then below the artery into the tissues upon 
the side first entered. 

retrocolic (re-tro-kol'-ik). Behind the colon. 

retrocollic (re-tro-kol'-ik) [see retrocollis]. Per- 
taining to the muscles at the back of the neck. 



r. spasm, spasm of the muscles at the back of the 
neck, causing retraction of the head. 

retrocollis (re-tro-kol'-is) [retro-; collis, the nape of 
the neck]. Torticollis. 

retrocopulation (re-tro-kop-u-la'-shun) [retro-; copu- 
lare, to copulate]. The act of copulating from 
behind or aversely. 

retrodeviation (re-tro-de-ve-a'-shun) [retro-; devi- 
ation]. Any backward displacement; a retroflexion 
or retroversion. 

retrodisplacement (re-tro-dis-plas'-ment) [retro-; 
displacement]. Backward displacement of a part or 
organ. 

retroesophageal (re-tro-e-sof-aj'-e-al) [retro-; eso- 
phagus]. Located behind the esophagus. 

retroflected (re-tro-flek'-ted). Same as retroflexed. 

retrofiection (re-tro-flek'-shun). See retroflexion. 

retroflex (re'-tro-fleks) [retro-; fleeter e, to turn]. 
Turning back abruptly. 

retroflexed (re-tro-fleksf) [retro-; fleeter e, bend]. 
Bent backward. 

retroflexion (re-tro-flek'-shun) [retro-; flexion]. 
The state of being bent backward, r. of the uterus, 
a condition in which the uterus is bent backward 
upon itself, producing a sharp angle in its axis. 

retrograde (ret' -ro-grad or re' -tro-grad) [retro-; gradi, 
to go]. Going backward; undoing, r. carcinoma, 
a carcinoma which grows firmer and less in size and 
remains so. r. embolism, embolism in which the 
embolus has gone against the normal direction of 
the blood-stream. r. metamorphosis, katabolic 
change. 

retrography (re-trog'-ra-fe) [retro-; ypcuj>eu>, to 
write]. Backward writing; mirror-writing. 

retroinsular (re-tro-in' -su-lar) [retro-; insula, island]. 
Situated behind the island of Reil, as the retroinsular 
convolutions. 

retroiridian (re-tro-i-rid'-e-an) [retro-; iris]. Be- 
hind the iris. 

retrojection (re-lro-jek'-shun) [retro-; jectio, a 
throwing]. The washing out of a cavity from within 
outward. 

retrojector (re'-tro-jek-tor) [retro-; jacere, to throw]. 
An instrument for washing out the uterus. 

retrolingual (re-tro-ling'-gwal) [retro-; lingua, the 
to^kue]. Relating to that part of the throat back 
of the tongue. 

retromalleolar (re-tro-mal-e' -o-lar) [retro-; malle- 
olus]. Located back of a malleolus. 

retromammary (re-tro-mam'-ar-e) [retro-; mamma, 
breast]. Situated or occurring behind a mammary 
gland. 

retromastoid (re-tro-mas'-toid). Behind the mas- 
toid. 

retromaxillary (re-tro-maks'-il-a-re) [retro-; max- 
illa]. Situated behind the maxilla. 

retromorphosis (re-tro-mor-fo'-sis) [retro-; fiop<j>r), 
form]. Katabolism; retrograde metamorphosis; 
katabolic change. 

retronasal (re-tro-na'-zal) [retro-; nasus, nose]. 
Situated behind the nose or nasal cavities. 

retro-ocular (re-tro-ok'-u-lar). See retrobulbar (1). 

retroperitoneal (re-tro-per-it-on-e'-al) [see retro- 
peritoneum]. Situated behind the peritoneum. 

retroperitoneum (re-tro-per-it-on-e'-um) [retro- ; 
peritoneum]. The space lying behind the peritoneum 
and in front of the spinal column and lumbar muscles. 

retroperitonitis (re-tro-per-it-on-i'-tis) [retro-; peri- 
tonitis]. Inflammation of the retroperitoneal struc- 
tures. 

retropharyngeal (re-tro-far-in'-je-al) [retro-; phar- 
ynx]. Situated behind the pharynx, as retropharyn- 
geal abscess. - 

retropharyngitis (re-tro-far-in-ji'-tis) [retro-; phar- 
yngitis]. Inflammation of the retropharyngeal 
tissues. 

retropharynx (re-tro-far'-inks). The posterior 
portion of the pharynx. 

retroplacental (re-tro-pla-sent'-al). Behind the 
placenta. 

retroposed (re'-tro-pozd) [retro-; ponere, to place]. 
Displaced backward. 

retroposition (re-tro-po-zish'-un) [retro-; position]. 
Backward displacement of the uterus without flexion 
or version. 

retropulsion (re-tro-Pul'-shun) [retro-; pellere, to 
drive]. 1. A driving or turning back, as of the 
fetal head. 2. A running backward; a form of walk- 
ing sometimes seen in paralysis agitans. 

retrostalsis (re-tro-stal'-sis) [retro-; arahais, com- 



RETROSTERNAL 



759 



RHACHIALGIA 



pression]. Reversed peristalsis; peristaltic action 
that tends to drive the intestinal contents cephalad 
instead of caudad. 

retrosternal (re-tro-ster'-nal) [retro-; sternum]. 
Situated behind the sternum. 

retrotarsal (re-tro-tar'-sal) [retro-; tarsus]. Situ- 
ated behind the tarsus, as the retrotarsal fold of the 
conjunctiva, r. fold. See. fornix conjunctiva. 

retrotracheal (re-tro-tra'-ke-al) [retro-; trachea]. 
Situated or occurring behind the trachea. 

retrouterine (re-tro-u'-ter-ln) [retro-; uterus]. Be- 
hind the uterus, r. hematocele, a blood-tumor 
behind the uterus in the pouch of Douglas. 

retrovaccination (re-tro-vak-sin-a'-shun) [retro- ; 
vaccination]. Vaccination with virus from a cow 
that had been inoculated with the virus of smallpox 
from a human subject. 

retrovaccine (re-tro-vak'-sen) [retro-; vaccine]. 
The virus obtained after inoculating a cow with 
human virus. 

retroversioflexion {re-tro-ver-se-o-flek'-shun). Com- 
bined retroversion and retroflexion. 

retroversion (re-tro-ver'-shun) [retro-; version]. 
A turning back. r. of uterus, a condition in which 
the uterus is tilted backward without curvature of 
its axis. 

retroverted {re'-tro-ver-ted). Tilted or turned back- 
ward, as a retroverted uterus. 

Retzius' brown striae (ret'-ze-us) [i. Anders Adolf 
Retzius, Swedish anatomist, 1 796-1 860; and 2. Mag- 
nus Gustav Retzius, Swedish histologist, 1842- ]. 
[2] Brownish concentric lines in the enamel of the 
teeth, running nearly parallel to the surface. R.'s 
capsule, [1] the fascial formation investing the intra- 
pelvic and bulbous portions of the urethra and Cow- 
per's glands. R.'s fibers, [1] the rigid filaments of 
Deiters' cells in the organ of Corti. R.'s ligament, [1] 
the outer portion of the anterior annular ligament 
of the ankle which forms a loop around the peroneus 
tertius and the extensor longus digitorum. R.'s 
space, [1] a triangular space the basis of which lies 
between the spines of the pubes, the apex being 
from 5 to 7 centimeters above. In this space, which 
is filled with connective tissue, the bladder is not 
covered by the peritoneum. Syn., cavum Retzii. 
R.'s veins, [1] the veins forming anastomoses between 
the mesenteric veins and the inferior vena cava. 

reunient (re-un'-yent) [re, again; unire, to unite]. 
Uniting divided parts. 

reuniol {re-un'-e-ol) [Reunion, an island in the 
Indian Ocean; oleum, oil]. A proprietary substitute 
for attar of rose, said to be derived from Algerine, 
French and Reunion geranium oil. It resists oxi- 
dation and has the perfume of the tea rose. It is 
soluble in alcohol, fats, and fixed oils. 

reunion (re-un'-yun) [re, again; unto, to become 
one]. The joining of parts whose continuity has 
been destroyed, r. of wound. See healing. 

Reusner's sign of early pregnancy \royz'-ner). 
An increase in the volume of the pulsation of the 
uterine arteries may be perceived through the vagina 
in the posterior culdesac as early as the fourth week. 

Reuss' formula (roys). The formula by means of 
which the amount of albumin contained in patholog- 
ical exudates and transudates can be approximately 
calculated when the specific gravity, that depends 
upon the amount of albumin present, is known: 
E = I (S — 1000) — 2.8; E = percentage of albumin 
contained in the fluid; S = specific gravity of the 
fluid. R.'s test for atropine, heat the substance 
to be tested with sulphuric acid and an oxidizing 
agent; in the presence of atropine a fragrance as of 
roses and orange-flowers is given off. 

re vaccination (re-vak-sin-a'-shun) [revaccinatio]. 
Renewed or repeated vaccination. 

revalenta (rev-al-en'-tah). A commercial and 
proprietary food-preparation for invalids, said to 
be composed principally of lentil meal. 

reveilleur (ra-va'-yur) [Fr.]. The instrument 
used in Baunscheidtism. 

revellent (re-vel'-ent) . See revulsive. 

Reverdin's method, or operation (re-ver-dan') 
[Auguste Reverdin, Swiss surgeon, 1849-1908]. 

1. For blepharoplasty : removal of the cicatricial 
tissue, suturing of the lid to the opposite one in its 
normal position, and skin-grafting of the raw surface. 

2. For skin-grafting: a point of skin is raised on an 
ordinary sewing-needle, and shaved off with a scalpel 
or scissor; the graft is then transferred to the fresh 
surface next to the healthy granulations. 3. For 



symblepharon: detachment of the lid and transplan- 
tation of a small flap from the cheek. 

reverie (rev'-er-e) [Fr., reverie]. A state of dreamy 
abstraction; visionary mental or ideational move- 
ment, the mind itself, at least so far as volition is 
concerned, being passive. 

reverse (re-vers') [reverter e, to turn back]. In 
bandaging, a half-turn employed to change the 
direction of a bandage. 

reversible reaction, or equation. One in which 
the displacement may occur in either direction. 

reversion (re-ver'-shun) [reverter e, to turn back]. 
In biology: 1. The appearance of characteristics 
which existed in remote ancestors. 2. The back- 
ward development of plant-organs, as stamens into 
petals, etc. 3. Becoming wild after having been 
domesticated or cultivated. 4. The chemical action 
opposed to inversion (the hydrolytic cleavage of 
compound sugars into monosaccharids) whereby 
monosaccharids are condensed into complicated 
carbohydrates, r., neogenetic, the anomalous adult 
development of an embryonic rudiment, r., paleo- 
genic, reversion to an atavus so remote that tr/e 
rudiment is not even represented in the embryo. 

Revilliod's sign (ra-ve-yo') [Henri Revilliod, Swiss 
physician]. Inability of the patient to close the 
eye of the affected side only; it is observed in paralysis 
of the facial nerve. Syn., signe de Vorbiculaire. 

revitalization {re-vi' -tal-i-za' -shun) [re, again; vita, 
life]. The act or process of refreshing or revitalizing. 

revive (re-viv') [re, again; vivere, to live]. To 
return to life after seeming death. 

revivification (re-viv-if-ik-a'-shun) [revivificatio]. 
1. Restoration to consciousness. 2. The refreshen- 
ing of surfaces by paring before placing them in 
apposition. 

reviviscence {re-viv-is'-ens) [reviviscere, inceptive 
of revivere, to revive]. The awaking from a period 
of dormancy; said of insects after hibernation. 

revulsant (.re-vul'-sant) [revellere, to push away]. 
1. Revulsive. 2. A medicine or agent that, by 
irritation, draws the blood from a distant part of 
the body. 

revulsion {re-vul'-shun) [re, back; vellere, to pluck]. 
A plucking or driving backward; specifically, the 
diverting of disease from one part to another by the 
sudden withdrawal of the blood from the part. 

revulsive (re-vul'-siv) [see revulsion]. 1. Causing 
revulsion. 2. An agent that causes revulsion. 

revulsor (re-vuV-sor). 1. An apparatus for effecting 
revulsion by the alternate application of heat and 
cold. 2. A plate or cylinder set with needles, used 
in producing counterirritation. 

Reybard's suture (ra'-bar). An interrupted loop- 
suture for wounds of the intestine. 

Reynold's test for acetone. To the liquid to be 
tested add freshly precipitated mercuric oxide, shake 
and filter. If acetone is present, the filtrate will 
contain mercury, owing to the acetone dissolving 
freshly precipitated mercuric oxide. The mercury 
may be detected by overlaying the filtrate with 
ammonium sulphide, which turns black. 

R. F. A. Abbreviation for right frontoanterior 
position of the fetus. 

R. F. P. An abbreviation for right frontoposterior 
position of the fetus. 

Rh. Chemical symbol of rhodium. 

Rhabditis (rab-di'-tis) [pa08os, a rod]. A genus of 
nematode worms a few species of which are parasitic 
in man. 

rhabdium (rab'-de-um) [dim. of /Sd/35os, a rod]. 
A fiber of striped or voluntary muscle. 

rhabdoid (rab'-doid) [pafidos, a rod; el5os, like]. 
Rod-like. r. suture, the sagittal suture. 

rhabdomyoma (rab-do-mi-o'-mah) [pafiSos, a rod; 
myoma]. A form of myoma characterized by the 
presence of striated muscular fibers. 

Rhabdonema (rab-do-ne'-mah) [pofiSos, a rod; 
vrina., a thread]. A genus of parasitic round-worms. 

rhachi- (ra'-ke) [rhachis], A prefix meaning relat- 
ing to the spine. 

rhachiagra, rachiagra (ra-ke-a'-grah) [rhachi-; 
&ypa, a seizure]. Gouty or rheumatic pain in the 
muscles of the spine. 

rhachial, rachial (ra'-ke-al) [ptxts, spine]. Pertain- 
ing to the spine. 

rhachialgia, rachialgia (ra-ke-aV-je-ah) [pdx«, spine; 
&X70S, a pain]. Any pain in the spine. Spinal irri- 
tation, r. mesenterica. Same as tabes mesenterica, 
q. v. 



RHACHIALGITIS 



760 



RHAMNUS 



rhachialgitis, rachialgitis (rak-e-al-ji'-tis) [pdxw, 
spine; a\yos, pain; iris, inflammation]. Inflammatory 
rhachialgia. 

rhachiasmus, rachiasmus (ra-ke-az'-mus) [pdxw, 
spine]. Spasm of the muscles at the back of the 
neck, as seen in the early part of many epileptic 
attacks. 

rhachicentesis, rachicentesis (ra-kis-en-te'-sis) 
[rhachi-; Ket>Tt)<Tis, puncture]. Puncture into the 
spinal canal. 

rhachicocainization, rachicocainization (ra-ke-ko- 
ka-in-i-za' -shun) [rhachi-; cocainization]. The in- 
duction of anesthesia by the injection of a solution 
of cocaine hydrochloride into the subarachnoid space 
by means of a lumbar puncture. 

rhachidial, rachidial (ra-kid'-e-al) [pdxw, spine]. 
Pertaining to a rhachis, or spine. 

rhachidian, rachidian (ra-kid'-e-an) [see rhachidial]. 
Spinal ; vertebral. 

rhachilysis, rachilysis (ra-kil'-is-is) [pdxw, spine; 
Xfeip, to loose]. A method of treating lateral curva- 
ture of the spine by mechanical counteraction on 
the abnormal curves. 

rhachio- or rachio- (ra'-ke-o) [pdxw, spine]. A 
prefix denoting connection with or relation to the 
spine. 

rhachiocampsis, rachiocampsis (fa-ke-o-kamp'-sis) 
[pdxw, spine; kolh^ls, a bending]. Curvature of the 
spine. 

rhachiochysis, rachiochysis (ra-ke-o-ki'-sis) [pdxw, 
spine; xu<rw, a pouring]. An accumulation of water 
or watery substance within the spinal canal. 

rhachiodynia, rachiodynia (ra-ke-o-din'-e-ah) 
[rhachi-; 65wr?, pain]. Spasmodic pain in the spinal 
column. 

rhachiokyphosis, rachiokyphosis (ra-ke-o-ki-fo'-sis) 
[pdxw, spine; Kixpocns, a bending]. Gibbosity, or 
hunch of the back. 

rhachiometer, rachiometer (ra-ke-om'-et-er) [pdxw, 
spine; ukrpov, a measure]. An instrument used to 
measure the degree of spinal deformities. 

rhachiomyelitis, rachiomyelitis (ra-ke-o-mi-el-i'-tis) 
[pdxw, spine; (iveXfc, marrow; ins, inflammation]. 
Inflammation of the spinal cord. Myelitis. 

rhachiomyelophthisis, rachiomyelophthisis (ra-ke- 
o-mi-el-off'-this-is) [/idxw, spine; tiveXSs, marrow; 
ipdiais, a wasting]. See tabes dorsalis. 

rhachiomyelos, rachiomyelos (ra-ke-o-mi'-el-os) 
[pdxw, spine; nve\6s, marrow]. See spinal cord. 

rhachioparalysis, rachioparalysis (ra-ke-o-par-aV- 
is-is) [pdxw, spine; paralysis]. Spinal paralysis. 

rhachiophyma, rachiophyma (ra-ke-o-fi'-mah) [pdxw, 
spine; (j>vp.a, a growth]. A spinal tumor. 

rhachioplegia, rachioplegia (ra-ke-o-ple'-je-ah) 
[pdxw, spine; irXriyf), stroke]. Spinal paralysis. 

rhachiorrheuma, rachiorrheuma (ra-ke-or-roo'-mah) 
[pdxw, spine; rheuma]. Spinal rheumatism. 

rhachioscolioma, rachioscolioma (ra-ke-o-sko-le-o'- 
mah) [pdxw, spine; tr/coXtw/xa, a curve]. Lateral dis- 
tortion and curvature of the spine. 

rhachioscoliosis, rachioscoliosis (ra-ke-o-sko-le-o'- 
sis) [pdxw, spine; scoliosis]. The condition ~ and 
progress of curvature of the spine. 

rhachiostrophosis, rachiostrophosis (ra-ke-o-stro- 
fo'-sis) [pdxw, spine; arpbcpos, twisted]. Curvature of 
the spine. 

rhachiotome, rachiotome (ra'-ke-o-tom) [pdxw, 
spine; 7-0^17, cutting]. A cutting instrument used in 
rhachiotomy. 

rhachiotomy, rachiotomy (ra-ke-ot'-o-me) [rhachi-; 
To/irj, a cutting]. 1. The operation of cutting into 
or through the vertebral column. 2. The operation 
of cutting through the spine of the fetus to facilitate 
delivery. 

rhachipagus, rachipagus (ra-kip'-a-gus) [pdxw, 
spine; irayos, anything fixed]. A double fetal mon- 
strosity in which the twins are joined back to back 
by any portion of the spinal column. 

rhachis, rachis (ra'-kis) [pdxw]. The spinal 
column. In biology, (a) the main petiole of a com- 
pound leaf; (b) the axis of inflorescence; (c) the shaft 
of a feather; (d) the arched middle area of the dorsal 
surface of a trilobite. r. nasi, the line extending 
from the tip to the root of the nose. 

rhachischisis, rachischisis (ra-kis'-kis-is) [pdxw, 
spine; axXet-v, to cleave]. A cleft in the vertebral 
column. Same as spina bifida. 

rhachistovainization, rachistovainization (ra-ke- 
sto-va-in-i-za' -shun) [rhachi-; slovaine]. The induc- 
tion of anesthesia by the injection of a solution of 



stovaine into the sabarachnoid space by means of a 
lumbar puncture. 

rhachitae, rachitae (ra-ki'-te) [faxtru]. The muscles 
attached to the vertebral column. 

rhachitic, rachitic (ra-kit'-ik) [rhachitis]. Affected 
with, resembling, or produced by rhachitis; rickety. 
r. rosary, the row of nodules appearing on the ribs, 
at their junction with the cartilages, in rhachitis. 

rhachitis, rachitis (ra-ki'-tis) [rhachi-; ms, inflam- 
mation]. Rickets , a constitutional disease of infancy, 
characterized by impaired nutrition and changes in 
the bones, the symptoms being a diffuse soreness of 
the body, slight fever, and profuse sweating about the 
head and neck, and changes in the osseous system, 
consisting in a thickening of the epiphyseal cartilages 
and periosteum and a softening of the bones. Through 
the action of the muscles on the soft bones various 
deformities are produced, while the periosteal 
hyperplasia leads to nodular hyperostoses, especially 
about the head, giving the latter a square appearance 
(caput quadratum). Dentition and closure of the 
fontanels are delayed. Nervous symptoms are 
often present, as feverishness, laryngismus stridulus 
and convulsions. The liver and spleen are usually 
enlarged. The etiology is obscure — it has been 
ascribed to deficiency in the earthy salts, to defect 
in the osteoblasts, and to microorganismal infection. 
r. adultorum, osteomalacia; mollities ossium. r. 
annularis, congenital rhachitis characterized by the 
production after birth, of furrows of the bones and 
fractures (Winckler). r. micromelica, intrauterine 
rhachitis, characterized by shortening of the limbs 
and thickening of the diaphyses, (Winckler). r. 
senilis. See r. adultorum. 

rhachitism, rachitism (ra'-kit-izm). Rhachitis. 

rhachitol (ra'-kit-ol). An extract of suprarenal 
glands; used in the treatment of rhachitis. 

rhachitome, rachitome (ra'-kit-om) [rhachi-; ri/xveiv, 
to cut]. An instrument for opening the spinal canal. 

rhachitomy, rachitomy (ra-kit'-o-me) [rhachi-; 
Tkuveiv, to cut], i. Section of the spine. 2. De- 
collation of the fetus. 

rhachitropacocainization, rachitropacocainization 
(ra-ke-tro-pa-ko-ka-in-i-za'-shun) . Subarachnoid 

cocainization by means of tropacocaine. 

rhachus (ra'-kus) [pdxos]. A ragged wound. 

rhaciodynia, rachiodynia (ra-ke-o-din'-e-ah) [Mxw, 
spine; bbbv-q, pain]. Pain in the spinal cord. 

rhacoma (ra-ko'-mah) [f>aKb&.v, to rend]. Excori- 
ation, rent, or chapping. Also, a pendulous condition 
of the scrotum. 

rhacosis (ra-ko'-sis) [pd«os, a rag]. The condition 
of one affected with rhacoma. 

rhacous (ra'-kus) [paws, a rag]. Wrinkled; lacer- 
ated. 

rhaebocrania or rhebocrania (re-bo-kra'-ne-ah) 
[paifios, crooked; icpaviov, the skull]. The condition 
of wry-neck. 

rhaeboscelia, rhaebosis (re-bo-se' -le-ah, re-bo'-sis) 
[pai(36s, crooked; trxeXos, leg]. Crooked-legged. 

rhaestocythemia (res-to-si-the'-me-ah). See rhesto- 
cythemia. 

rhagades (rag'-ad-ez) [ptryds, fissure]. Linear 
cracks or fissures, especially in the skin. 

rhagadia (rag-a'-de-ah). See rhagades. 

rhagoid (rag'-oid) [pd?, a grape; elSos, likeness]. 
Resembling a grape. 

rhamma (ram' -ah). Suture, q. v. 

rhamnegin (ram'-ne-jin), O2H10O5. A glucoside 
derived from buckthorn-berries. 

rhamnetin (ram-ne'-tin). See rhamnin. 

rhamnin (ram'-nin) [panvos, the buckthorn]. 
1. A yellow, neutral, crystalline substance found in 
buckthorn. It contains rhamnetin, a valuable 
yellow coloring-matter. 2. A proprietary fluidex- 
tract of cascara sagrada; it is recommended in the 
treatment of obstinate constipation. 

rhamnocathartin (ram-no-kath-art'-in) [fia/xvos, 
buckthorn; KadapriKos, purging]. A yellow, amorph- 
ous, translucent substance; a bitter principle con- 
tained in the berries of rhamnus cathartica. 

rhamnose (ram'-nos) [rhamnus], C6H12O5. One 
of the glucoses. It results upon decomposing various 
glucosides with dilute sulphuric acid. 

rhamnoxanthin (ram-no-zan' -thin) [fiapivos, buck- 
thorn; £ai>66s, yellow]. See frangulin. 

Rhamnus (ram'-nus) [p&nvos, buckthorn]. A genus 
of trees and shrubs; buckthorns. R. pursbiana 
(U. S. P.), cascara sagrada. The. dried bark of 
R. purshiana, the California buckthorn. It is used 



RHANTER 



761 



RHINEDEMA 



as a laxative in habitual constipation. Dose 15 gr. 
(1 Gm,). Dose of the extract (extractum rhamni 
purshiance, U. S. P.) 4 gr. (0.25 Gm.); of the fluid- 
extract (fluidextr actum rhamni purshiance, U. S. P.) 
15 min. (1 Cc); of the aromatic fluidextract (fluid- 
extractum rhamni purshiance aromaticum, U. S. P.) 
15 min. (1 Cc). See also Cascara sagrada. 

rhanter (rant'-er) [pavrrip, a sprinkler]. The inner 
canthus, q. v. 

rhaphagra (raf-a'-grah) [pa<pr], a seam; ay pa, 
a seizure]. Pain in the cranial sutures. 

rhaphanedon (raf-an'-ed-on) [pa4>avq86v]. A trans- 
verse fracture. 

rhaphania (raf-a'-ne-ah). See raphania. 

rhaphe (raf'-e) . See raphe. 

rhatany (rat'-an-e). See krameria. 

rhebosis {re-bo' -sis) [p<u/S6s, bent; aneKos, leg]. 
Curvature of the legs. 

rhegma (reg'-mah) [prjyp.a, a rent]. A rupture of 
the walls of a vessel or of the containing membrane 
of a tissue, as, for example, the coats of the eye, the 
walls of the peritoneum. Also, the bursting of an 
abscess. 

rhein (re'-in) [rheum]. 1. The precipitate from a 
tincture of Rheum palmatum; it is cathartic, tonic, 
cholagogue, and antiseptic. Dose 1-4 gr. (0.065- 
0.25 Gm.). 2. Same as chrysarobin. 

rhembasmus (rem-baz'-mus) [pep-fieiv, to wander]. 
Mental distraction, or wandering. 

rheo- (re-o-) [pkos, current]. A prefix denoting 
pertaining to a current. 

rheochord (re'-o-kord). An instrument serving to 
graduate the strength of the galvanic current. See 
rheostat. 

rheometer (re-om'-et-er) [rheo-; ukrpov, a measure]. 
1. A galvanometer. 2. An apparatus for measuring 
the velocity of the blood-current. 

rheophore (re'-o-for) [rheo-; <pkp*iv, to bear]. An 
electrode. 

rheoscope (re'-o-skop) [rheo-; aKoveiv, to see]. 
An instrument for demonstrating the existence of an 
electric current; a galvanoscope. 

rheostat (re'-o-stat) [rheo-; laravai, to stand]. 
An instrument introduced into an electric current 
and offering a known resistance, for the purpose of 
regulating the strength of the current. 

rheotachygraphy (re-o-tak-ig'-raf-e) [rheo-; raxvs, 
swift; ypb4>tw, to write]. The registration of the 
curv e e of variation in electromotive action of muscles. 

rheotaxis (re-o-tdks'-is) [rheo-; to£is, orderly 
arrangement]. The reaction of a body to a current 
of fluid, whereby that body is induced to move either 
with or against the current of the fluid. 
. rheotome (re'-o-tom) [rheo-; rkp.veiv, to cut]. An 
instrument for breaking and making a galvanic cir- 
cuit; an interrupter, r., differential, one for indi- 
cating the negative variation in muscle-currents. 

rheotrope (re'-o-trop) [rheo-; rpkirav, to turn]. 
An apparatus for reversing the direction of an electric 
current. 

rheotropism. Rheotaxis. 

rhestocythemia, rhestocythaemia (res-to-si-the'-me- 
ah) [paioTos, destroyed; kvtos, cell; alp.a, blood]. The 
presence of broken-down erythrocytes in the blood. 

rheum (re'-um). See rhubarb. 

rheum (room) [pevp.a, from pelv, to flow]. Any 
watery or catarrhal discharge, r., salt-, eczema. 

rheuma (roo'-mah). Same as rheum, r. epidemi- 
cum. Synonym of influenza, r. ventris. Synonym 
of dysentery. 

rheumagon (roo'-ma-gon) [rheum; eryeii', to carry 
off]. A proprietary preparation of sodium iodide 
and sodium phosphate for use in gout and syphilis. 

rheumarthritis, rheumarthrosis (roo-mar-thri'-tis, 
roo-mar-thro'-sis) [rheum; dpdpov, a joint; ins, inflam- 
mation]. Acute articular rheumatism. 

rheumatalgia (roo-mat-al'-je-ah) [rheum; aXyos, 
pain]. Rheumatic pain. 

rheumatic (roo-mat'-ik) [rheum]. Pertaining to, 
of the nature of, or affected with rheumatism. 
r. diathesis, the condition of body tending to the 
development of rheumatism, r. fever, acute articular 
rheumatism, r. gout. Synonym of rheumatoid 
arthritis. 

rheumatin (roo' -mat-in) . See saloquinine salicylate. 

rheumatisant (roo-mat' -is-ant) . One affected with 
rheumatism. 

rheumatism (roo'-mat-izm) [rheum]. A consti- 
tutional disease characterized by pain in the joints 
and muscles, tending to recur, and associated with 



exposure to cold and wet. r., acute articular, a 
form characterized by fever, by swelling of various 
joints, beginning usually in one and rapidly spreading 
to others, by acid sweats, and by a marked tendency 
to involve the endocardium, less frequently the 
pericardium, pleura, and peritoneum. The iris and 
conjunctiva may also become affected, r., chronic, 
a chronic form in which the symptoms are milder 
and in which the disease attacks either the muscles 
(muscular rheumatism) or the joints (chronic articular 
rheumatism), r., gonorrheal, joint-inflammation oc- 
curring in association with gonorrheal urethritis. 
It generally involves but one joint; if several are 
affected, it is usually the smaller joints. The 
course is chronic, r., inflammatory, acute articular 
rheumatism, r., muscular, muscular pain with or 
without fever and other rheumatic symptoms. 
r., synovial, a rheumatic disorder of the synovial 
membranes with serous accumulation, r., tuber- 
culous, arthritis due to the toxins of tuberculosis; 
Poncet's disease. 

rheumatismal (roo-ma-tiz'-mal) [rheumatism]. Per- 
taining to rheumatism, r. edema, rheumatism with 
painful subcutaneous edema. 

rheumatismoid (roo-mat-iz' -moid) . See rheumatoid. 

rheumatismus (roo-ma-tiz'-mus). Rheumatism. 

rheumato-, rheumo- (roo-mat-o-, roo-mo-) [rheuma- 
tism]. Prefixes meaning relating to rheumatism. 

rheumatocolica (roo-mat-o-koV -ik-ah) [rheumato- ; 
colic]. Rheumatic colic. 

rheumatodynia (roo-mat-o-din'-e-ah) [rheumato- ; 
bbvvr), pain]. A dull rheumatic pain. 

rheumatoid (roo'-ma-toid) [rheumato-; elSos, like]. 
Resembling rheumatism, r. arthritis. See arthritis, 
rheumatoid. 

rheumatokelis (roo-mat-o-ke'-lis) [rheumato-; ktjXw, 
a spot]. Purpura occurring in conjunction with 
rheumatism. 

rheumatophthisis (roo-mat-of -this-is) [rheumato- ; 
phthisis]. Atrophy the result of rheumatism. 

rheumatopyra (roo-mat-o-pi'-rah) [rheumato-; irvp, 
fire]. Rheumatic fever. 

rheumatosis (roo- mat-o'-sis) [rheum]. The condition 
due to the action of poisons in the blood affecting the 
articular and endocardial parts. 

rheumatospasm (roo-maJ'-o-s£azm) [rheumato- ;<rwa<r- 
p.6%, a spasm]. Spasms due to rheumatism. 

rheumic (roo'-mik) [rheum]. Pertaining to rheum. 
r. diathesis, one that gives rise to cutaneous erup- 
tions. 

rheumodontalgia (roo-mo-don-tal' -je-ah) [rheumo- ; 
odontalgia]. Toothache of rheumatic origin. 

rheumoparotiditis (roo-mo-par-o-tid-i'-tis). Rheu- 
matic parotiditis. 

rheumophthalmia (roo-moff-thaV -me-ah) [rheumo- ; 
ophthalmia]. Ophthalmia due to rheumatism. 

rheumorchitis (roo-mor-ki'-tis). Orchitis of rheu- 
matic origin. 

rheumotorrhea, rheumatorrhoea -(roo-mo-tor-e'-ah) . 
Rheumatic otorrhea. 

rheumotylus (roo-mo-til'-us) [rheumo-; riikos, a 
knob]. A callus the result of rheumatism. 

rhexis (reks'-is) [prjfa, rupture]. Rupture of a 
vessel or of an organ. 

rhicnosis (rik-no'-sis) [ptKvSs, shriveled]. A wrink- 
ling of the skin, the result of muscular atrophy. 

rhigolene (rig'-o-len) [plyos, cold]. A very volatile 
liquid obtained from petroleum by distillation, and 
used as a local anesthetic. Its rapid evaporation 
freezes and benumbs the part upon which it is 
sprayed. 

rhigos (ri'-gos) [plyos, cold]. Synonym of rigor. 

rhin-, rhino- (rin-, ri-no-) [pis, nose]. A prefix 
signifying pertaining to the nose. 

rhinaesthesia (ri-nes-the' -ze-ah) . See rhinesthesia. 

rhinseus (ri-ne'-us) [rhin-]. Synonym of com- 
pressor naris. See muscles, table of. 

rhinal (ri'-nal) [rhin-]. Pertaining to the nose. 

rhinalgia (ri-naV -je-ah) [rhin-; ahyos, pain]. Pain 
in the nose. 

rhinalgin (ri-nal'-jin). A nasal suppository, 
recommended in coryza, said to contain cacao- 
butter, 1 Gm.; alumnol, 0.01 Gm.; menthol, 0.025 
Gm.; and oil of valerian, 0.025 Gm. 

rhinanchone (ri-nan'-ko-ne) [rhin-; ayxbvt), strangu- 
lation]. Painful constriction of the nasal passages. 

rhinantralgia (ri-nan-traV -je-ah) [rhino-; avrpov, a 
cavity; &X70J, pain]. Pain in the cavities of the nose. 

rhinedema, rhincedema (ri-ne-de'-mah) [rhin-; 
edema]. Edema affecting the nose. 



RHINELCOS 



762 



RHINOPLASTY 



rhinelcos (ri-nel'-kos) [rhin-; gX K os, an ulcer] A 
nasal ulcer. 

rhinencephalia (ri-nen-sef-a'-le-ah) [rhino-; eyick<f>- 
aXoj, the brain]. A monstrosity with an extreme 
elongation of the nose. 

rhinencephalic (ri-nen-sef-al'-ik) [rhino-; iyK&j)aKos, 
brain], i. Pertaining to or of the nature of a 
rhinencephalus. 2. Pertaining to the rhinencepha- 
lon. 

rhinencephalon {ri-nen-sef -al-on) [rhin-; iyKe<t>a\os, 
brain]. The olfactory lobe of the brain. 

rhinencephalus (ri-nen-sef'-al-us). See rhino- 
cephalus. 

rhinenchysia (ri-nen-ki'-ze-ah) [rhino-; eyxvo-ts, 
a pouring in]. Douching of the nasal passages. 

rhinenchysis {ri-nen' -ki-sis) ' [rhin- ; iyx^lv, to pour 
in]. The injection of liquid into the nasal cavities. 

rhinenchyta {ri-nen' -kit-ah) [rhino-; eyxvros, poured 
in]. _ A nasal syringe. 

rhinenchytous {ri-nen' -kit-us) [rhino-; eyxvros, 
poured in]. Pertaining to nasal injections. 

rhinenchytum (ri-nen'-kit-um) [rhino-; iyxei-v, 
to pour in]. A liquid used in nasal douching. 

rhinesthesia, rhinaesthesia (ri-nes-the'-ze-ah) [rhin-; 
alaOriais, sensation]. The sense of smell. 

rhineurynter {ri-nil-rin'-ter) [rhin- ; evpweiv, to 
dilate]. A distensible bag or sac which is inflated 
after insertion into the nostril. 

rhinhematoma, rhinhaematoma (rin-hem-at-o'-mah) 
[rhin-; hematoma]. An effusion of blood into the 
nasal cartilage. 

rhiniatry (ri-ni'-at-re) [/Ms, the nose; tarpeia, a 
medical treatment]. Synonym of rhinology. 

rhinic {rin'-ik) [rhino-]. Pertaining to the nose. 

rhinion (rin'-e-on) [pis, nose]. The lower point of 
the suture between the nasal bones. See under 
craniometric point. 

rhinismus {ri-niz' -mus) [rhino-]. A nasal quality 
of voice. 

rhinitis {ri-ni'-tis) [rhin-; ins, inflammation]. 

1. Inflammation of the nasal mucous membrane. 

2. A medicinal preparation of belladonna, camphor, 
and quinine, r., acute, coryza; cold in the head. 
r., atrophic, that followed by atrophy of the mucous 
membrane, r. caseosa, that marked by gelatinous 
fetid discharge, r., chronic, a form usually due to 
repeated attacks of acute rhinitis, and producing in 
the early stages hypertrophy of the mucous mem- 
brane {hypertrophic rhinitis) and in the later stages 
atrophy {atrophic rhinitis), and the presence of dark, 
offensively smelling crusts, r., fibrinous, a rare form 
of rhinitis characterized by the development of a false 
membrane in the nose, r., hypertrophic, that marked 
by hypertrophy of the nasal mucous membrane. 
r., pseudomembranous. Seer., fibrinous, r., syphil- 
itic, a chronic form due to syphilis, and usually 
attended by ulceration and caries of the bone and 
an offensive discharge (ozena), r., tuberculous, 
that due to the tubercle bacillus; it is usually asso- 
ciated with ulceration and caries of the bones. 
r., vasomotor, hay -fever. 

rhino- {ri'-no-) [pis, plvos, nose]. A prefix denoting 
relation to or connection with the nose. 

rhinoantritis {ri-no-an-tri'-tis) [rhino-; antritis]. 
Inflammation of the nasal mucous membrane and 
of the antrum of Highmore. 

rhinoblennorrhea, rhinoblennorhcea {ri-no-blen-or- 
e'-ah) [rhino-; blenorrhea]. Synonym of rhinorrhea. 

rhinobyon {ri-no' -be-on) [rhino-; fiveiv, to stop]. 
A nasal plug or tampon. 

rhinocace {ri-nok'-as-e) [rhino-; kckos, evil]. Fetid 
ulceration of the nose. 

rhinocanthectomy {ri-no-kan-thek' -to-me) . See 
rhinommectomy. 

rhinocarcinoma {ri-no-kar-sin-o'-mah) [rhino-; car- 
cinoma]. Nasal carcinoma. 

rhinocatarrhus {ri-no-kat-ar'-rus) [rhino-; catarrh]. 
Synonym of coryza. 

rhinocaul {ri'-no-kawl) [rhino-; kclv\6s, a stalk]. 
The crus, peduncle, or support of the olfactory 
bulb. 

rhinocele, rhinoccele {ri'-no-sel), or rhinoccelia 
{ri-no-se'-le-a) [rhino-; KoCKia, hollow]. The hollow, 
or ventricle, of the rhinencephalon; in man it is very 
small or quite obliterated. 

rhinocephalus {ri-no-sef -al-us) [rhino-; Ke<t>a\ri, 
head]. A monster in which the nose resembles a 
tube and the eyes are fused below the nose. 

rhinocheiloplasty {ri-no-ki' ' -lo-plas-te) [rhino-; cheil- 
oplasty]. Plastic surgery of the nose and lip. 



rhinocleisis {ri-no-kli'-sis) [rhino-; KXeZo-is, fasten- 
ing]^ Nasal obstruction. 

rhinocnesmus {ri-nok-nez'-mus) [rhino-; Kvijands, 
an itching]. Itching of the nose. 

rhinodacryolith {ri-no-dak' -re-o-lith) [rhino-; dacryo- 
lith], A lacrimal stone in the nasal duct. 

rhinoderma {ri-no-der'-mah). See keratosis pilaris. 

rhinodynia {ri-no-din'-e-ah) [rhino-; bbvvq, pain]. 
Any pain in the nose. 

rhinogramma {ri-no-gram'-ah) [rhino-; yp&fifta, 
a line]. The nasal line. 

rhinolalia {ri-no-la' -le-ah) [rhino-; XaXia, speech]. 
A nasal tone in the voice due to nasal defect. The 
imperfect articulation may be due to undue closure 
{rhinolalia clausa) or to undue patulousness {rhino- 
lalia aperta) of the posterior nares. 

rhinolaryngitis {ri-no-lar-in-ji'-tis). Simultaneous 
inflammation of the mucosa of the nose and larynx. 

rhinolaryngology {ri-no-lar-in-gol'-o-je): The sci- 
ence of the anatomy, physiology and pathology of 
the nose and larynx. 

rhinolerema {ri-no-ler-e'-mah) [rhino-; \i)pr](ia, 
silly talk]. Same as rhinoleresis. 

rhinoleresis {ri-no-ler-e'-sis) [rhino-; \r)pr)<ns, folly]. 
Perverted olfactory sense. 

rhinolethrum {ri-no-leth' -rum) [rhino-; 6Xe0pos, 
destruction]. Destruction of the nose. 

rhinolin {ri'-no-lin). A proprietary antiseptic and 
analgesic substance. 

rhinolith {ri'-no-lith) [rhino-; Xi'0os, a stone]. A 
nasal calculus. 

rhinolithiasis {ri-no-lith-i'-as-is) [rhino-; Xi'0os, 
stone]. The formation and presence of nasal calculi. 

rhinolite {ri' -no-lit). See rhinolith. 

rhinologic {ri-no-loj'-ik) [rhinology]. Pertaining 
to rhinology. 

rhinologist {ri-nol'-o-jist) [rhinology], A specialist 
in the treatment of diseases of the nose. 

rhinology {ri-nol'-o-je) [rhino-; Xo-yos, science]. 
The science of the anatomy, functions, and diseases 
of the nose. 

rhinomanometer {ri-no-man-om'-et-er) [rhino-; man- 
ometer]. A manometer used for measuring the amount 
of nasal obstruction. 

rhinometer {ri-nom' -et-er) [rhino-; yJtrpov, a mea- 
sure]. An instrument for measuring the nose. 

rhinomiosis {ri-no-mi-o' -sis) [rhino-; juefoxm, a 
lessening]. Operative shortening of the nose. 

rhinommectomy {ri-nom-ek' -to-me) [rhino-; fyna, 
the eye; i/crow, a cutting out]. Excision of the 
inner canthus of the eye. 

rhinonecrosis {ri-no-ne-kro'-sis). Necrosis of the 
nasal bones. 

rhinopharyngeal {ri-no-far-in'-je-al). Pertaining- 
to the nose and pharynx, or to the nasopharynx. 

rhinopharyngitis {ri-no-far-in-ji'-tis) [rhino-; phar- 
yngitis]. Inflammation of the nose and pharynx, or 
of the nasopharynx. 

rhinopharyngolith {ri-no-far-ing' -go-lith) [rhino- ; 
pharynx; X£0os, a stone]. A nasopharyngeal calculus. 

rhinopharynx {ri-no-far'-ingks). See nasopharynx. 

rhinophonia {ri-no-fo'-ne-ah) [rhino-; <l>o)i>r), sound]. 
A nasal tone in speaking. 

rhinophyma {ri-no- fi'-mah) [rhino-; 4>vy.a, tumor]. 
A form of acne rosacea of the nose characterized by a 
marked hypertrophy of the blood-vessels and the 
connective tissue, producing a lobulated appearance 
of the nose. _ 

rhinoplastic {ri-no-plas'-tik) [rhino-; vkaaaeiv, 
to mold]. Pertaining to or having the character of 
rhinoplasty, r. operation, a surgical operation for 
creating an artificial nose or reconstructing a nose 
partially destroyed. 

rhinoplasty {ri'-no-plas-te) [rhino-; irkaaaeiv, to 
mold]. A plastic operation upon the nose, to replace 
lost tissue, r., English, Syme's operation, in which 
flaps are taken from the cheek, r., German, v. 
Graefe's modification of the Tagliacotian rhinoplasty. 
The entire operation is done at a single sitting. 
r. of v. Graefe. Same as r., German, r., hetero- 
plastic, rhinoplasty in which the tissues are removed 
from some person other than the one operated upon. 
r., Indian, an operation originating in India, in which 
the flap is taken from the forehead, r., Italian. 
Synonym of r., Tagliacotian. r., Langenbeck's, a 
modification of the Indian method, in which the 
periosteum is included in the frontal flap, r., 
osteoplastic, rhinoplasty with transplantation of a 
cartilaginous flap to replace the septum nasi, r., 
periosteal. See r., Langenbeck's. r. of Post, a 



RHINOPOLYP 



763 



RHUBARB 



modified Tagliacotian rhinoplasty, in which the flap 
is taken from the finger of the patient, r. of Syme, 
English rhinoplasty, r., Tagliacotian, rhinoplasty as 
performed by Tagliacozzi. The flap is taken from 
the skin of the arm. r. of Wood. See Wood. 

rhinopolyp, rhinopolypus (ri-no-poV -ip , -us) [rhino- ; 
.polyp]. Polyp of the nose. 

rhinoptia (ri-nop'-she-ah) [rhino-; 6-ktos, seen]. 
Internal strabismus. 

rhinorrhagia (ri-nor-a'-je-ah) [rhino-; fayvwai, 
to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from the nose. 

rhinorrhaphy (ri-nor'-a-fe) [rhino-; pa<pri, suture]. 
Reduction of the tissue of the nose by section, and 
by suturing the edges of the wound. 

rhinorrhea, rhinorrhoea (ri-nor-e'-ah) [rhino-; jioia, 
a flow]. A mucous discharge from the nose. 

rhinosalpingitis (ri-no-sal-pin-ji'-tis). Simultane- 
ous inflammation of the nasal mucosa and the 
Eustachian tube. 

rhinosclerin (ri-no-skle'-rin) [rhinosderoma]. A 
preparation from cultures of Bacillus rhinoscleromatis ; 
used in the treatment of rhinosderoma. 

rhinosderoma (ri-no-skle-ro'-mah) [rhino-; aK\rjp6s, 
hard; 6p.a, tumor]. A new growth of almost stony 
hardness, affecting the anterior nares and adjacent 
parts. The disease commences in the mucous 
membrane of the anterior nares and adjoining skin, 
the lesions consisting of flat, isolated, or coales- 
cent nodules. It is thought to be due to Bacillus 
rhin osclerom atis. 

rhinoscope (ri'-no-skop) [rhino-; (ncoirelv, to ex- 
amine]. An instrument for examination of the 
cavities of the nose. 

rhinoscopic (ri-no-skop'-ik) [rhino-; a-KoweTv, to 
view]. Pertaining to the rhinoscope, or to rhinoscopy. 

rhinoscopy (ri-nos'-ko-pe) [see rhinoscope]. Ex- 
amination of the nasal fossa? by means of the rhino- 
scope; that of the anterior nares is termed anterior 
rhinoscopy; that of the posterior nares, posterior 
rhinoscopy. 

rhinosis (ri-no'-sis). Synonym of rhicnosis. 

Rhinosporidium kinealyi. A neosporidium found 
in India in tumors of the septum nasi. 

rhinostegnosis (ri-no-steg-no'-sis) [rhino- ; orkyvoxris, 
obstruction]. Nasal obstruction. 

rhinothrix (ri' -no-thriks) [rhino-; 6pi£, a hair; 
pi., rhinolriches]. A hair growing in the nostril; a 
vibrissa. 

rhinotomy (ri-not'-o-me) [rhino-; r6p.r\, a cutting]. 
Incision of the nose. 

Rhipicephalus (ri-pis-ef -al-us) [pnrls, a fan; Ke<j>a\ri, 
head]. A genus of ticks. R. shipleyi, the brown tick 
of South Africa, the agent of transmission of Rhodesi- 
an cattle disease. 

rhiptasmus (rip-taz'-mus). Synonym of ballismus. 

rhizagra (riz-a'-grah) [rhizo-; ay pa, seizure]. An 
instrument for extracting the roots of teeth. 

rhizo- (ri-zo-) [rhizome]. A prefix meaning root. 

rhizodontropy (ri-zo-don'-tro-pe) [rhizo-; oSovs, 
tooth; rpoir-h, turn, pivot]. The pivoting of an arti- 
ficial crown upon the root of a tooth. 

rhizodontrypy (ri-zo-don'-trip-e) [rhizo-; oSovs, 
tooth; TpvwTj, hole]. Surgical puncture of the root 
of a tooth. 

rhizoid (ri'-zoid) [rhizo-; elSos, form], i. Like a 
root. 2. Slender, root-like filaments, the organs of 
attachment in many cryptogams. 3- A bacterial 
plate culture of an irregular branched or root-like 
character. 

rhizoma (ri-zo' '-mah) [pi., rhizomata]. Same as 
rhizome. 

rhizome (ri'-zom) [pifa, root]. A subterranean 
stem having roots at its nodes and a bud or shoot at 
its apex. 

rhizomelic (ri-zo-mel' -ik) [rhizo-; /xeXos, a limb]. 
Affecting or relating to the roots of members. 

rhizomorphoid (ri-zo-mor'-foid) [rhizo-; pap<pr\, 
form; elSos, like]. Having the form of a root. 

rhizoneure (ri'-zo-nur) [rhizo-; vevpov, a nerve]. 
One of those cells that form nerve-roots. 

rhizoneuron (ri-zo-nu'-ron) [see rhizoneure]. A 
neuron the nerve-processes of which leave the spinal 
cord through the anterior horn; a motor nerve-cell. 

rhizonychia (ri-zo-nik'-e-ah) [rhizo-; 6vv£, the nail]. 
The root of the nail. 

rhizonychium (ri-zo-nik'-e-um) [rhizo-; 6w£, the 
nail]. The root of the nail. 

rhizopod (ri'-zo-pod) [rhizo- ; irovs, foot]. A member 
of the Rhizopoda, a subclass of protozoa or animal- 
cules. 



rhizotomy (ri-zot'-om-e) [rhizo-; rop.r\, a cutting]. 
Section of the posterior spinal nerve roots. 

rhodalline (ro-daV -en) . See thiosinamine. 

rhodanate (ro'-dan-dt). A sulphocyanate. 

rhodeorrhetin (ro-de-or-re'-tin). Synonym of 
convolvulin. 

Rhodesian cattle disease. An African disease of 
cattle transmitted by the brown tick, Rhipicephalus 
shipleyi. 

rhodium (ro'-de-um) [t>68ios, rosy]. A rare metal 
(symbol, Rh; at. wt., 102.0) of the platinum group. 
Its medicinal qualities are little known. See ele- 
ments, table of : 

rhodogenesis (ro-do-jen'-es-is) [poSos, rose; yewdv, 
to produce]. The regeneration of visual purple which 
has been bleached by light. 

rhodophane (ro' -do-fan) [p65ov, rose; (pav-qs, appear- 
ing]. A red pigment found in the retinal cones. 

rhodophylaxis (ro-do-fil-aks'-is) [pbbov, rose; <pv\a%is, 
a guarding]. The property possessed by the retinal 
epithelium of producing rhodogenesis. 

rhodopsin (ro-dop'-sin) [pbbov, rose; &\p, eye]. 
Visual purple; a retinal substance the color of which 
is preserved by darkness, but bleached by daylight; 
it is contained in the retinal rods. 

rhceadine (re'-ad-in) [poias, a kind of poppy], 
CHN06. A crystallizable alkaloid obtained from 
Papaver rhceas. 

rhoebdesis (reb-de'-sis) [poiP5r)<ns]. Absorption; 
resorption. 

rhois (ro-is') [L.]. Genitive of rhus, q. v. 

rhombencephalon (rom-ben-sef'-al-on) [p6p.(ios, a 
lozenge shaped figure; eyKe<pa\os, brain]. The met- 
encephalon or hind-brain together with the my- 
elencephalon or after-brain. 

rhomboatloideus (rom-bo-at-loid'-e-us). See under 
muscle. 

rhombocele, rhombocoele (rom'-bo-sel). Same as 
rhomboccelia. 

rhomboccelia (rom-bo-se'-le-ah) [p6p.(ios, rhomb; 
KOLkla, hollow]. The sinus rhomboidalis ; a dilatation 
of the cavity of the spinal cord in the sacral region. 

rhomboid (rom'-boid) [p6/i/3os, a rhomb; elSos, 
resemblance]. Having a shape similar to that of a 
rhomb, a quadrilateral figure with opposite sides 
equal and parallel and oblique angles, r. body. 
See r. fossa, r. fossa, the fourth ventricle of the 
brain, r. ligament. See ligament, rhomboid, r. 
muscle. See under muscle, r. sinus. See r. fossa. 

rhomboideus (rom-boid'-e-us). See under muicle. 

rhoncal (rong'-kal). Same as rhonchal. 

rhonchal, rhonchial (rong'-kal, rong'-ke-al) [rhon- 
chus]. Relating to or produced by a rhonchus, as 
rhonchal fremitus. 

rhonchus (rong'-kus) [poyxos, snore]. A rattling 
sound produced in the throat or bronchial tubes 
during respiration. See rale. 

rhotacism (ro'-tas-izm) [pw, the Greek p, r]. The 
use of the r sound in place of other speech-sounds; 
the too strong utterance of the letter r. 

rhubarb (roo'-barb) [p-nov, rhubarb]. The general 
name for plants of the genus Rheum, of the order 
Polygonacece. The official drug (rheum, U. S. P.; 
rhei radix, B. P.) is the bark of Rheum officinale or 
Rheum palmatum; it contains chrysophanic acid, 
tannic acid (rheotannic acid), and several coloring 
principles, and is used as a laxative, stomachic, and 
astringent. Its chief uses are in dyspepsia with 
constipation, in the diarrhea of children, and in the 
beginning of bilious fevers. Dose 5-30 gr. (0.32- 
2.0 Gm.). r., extract of (extractum rhei, U. S. P., 
B. P.). Dose 10-15 gr. (0.65-1.0 Gm.). r., fluid, 
extract of (fluidextt actum rhei, U. S. P.). Dose 10-30 
min. (0.65-2.0 Cc). r., infusion of (infusum rhei, 
B. P.). Dose 1-2 oz. (32-64 Cc). r., pills of, com- 
pound (pilules rhei composites, U. S. P.), pills of rhu- 
barb and aloes. Dose 2-4 pills, r., powder of, 
compound (pulvis rhei compositus, U. S. P., B. P.), 
Gregory's powder. Dose J— 1 dr. (2-4 Gm.). r. and 
soda, mixture of (mistura rhei et sodce, U. S. P.). 
Dose §— 1 dr. (2-4 Gm.). r., syrup of (syrupus rhei, 
U. S. P., B. P.). Dose 1 dr. (4 Cc). r., syrup of, 
aromatic (syrupus rhei aromaticus, U. S. P.). Dose 
1 dr. (4 Cc). Both the syrup and the aromatic 
syrup are used chiefly for children, in the doses 
given, r., tincture of (tinctura rhei, U. S. P., B. P.). 
Dose 1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc). r., tincture of, aromatic (tinc- 
tura rhei aromatica, U. S. P.). Dose §-1 dr. (2-4 
Cc). r., wine of (vinum rhei, B. P.). Dose 1-4 dr. 
(4-16 Cc). 



RHUS 



764 



RIEGLER'S TEST 



Rhus (rus) [gen., rhois]. [povs, sumac]. A genus of 
shrubs or small trees of the order Anacardiacece. The 
dried fruit of R. glabra, sumac, constitutes the Rhus 
glabra of the U. S. P., and is used as an astringent in 
inflammations of the mouth and throat, in the form of 
a decoction or the official fluidextr actum rhois glabra. 
R. toxicodendron, the poison-ivy, is a powerful irritant 
and produces in susceptible persons a violent der- 
matitis with vesicles and intense itching (ivy- 
poisoning). The active agent seems to be an acid 
called toxicodendric acid. In overdoses taken in- 
ternally it acts as a narcotic poison. It has been 
employed in chronic rheumatism and in incontinence 
of urine. R. venenata, swamp-sumac, is also poisonous. 

rhusin (roo'-sin). A precipitate from a tincture of 
the root-bark of sumach, Rhus glabra; it is tonic, 
astringent, and antiseptic. Dose i to 2 grains. 

Rhynchota (rin-ko'-tah). An order of sucking 
insects, including the Pediculidce and the Acanthiidce. 

rhypophobia (ri-po-fo'-be-ah) [pviros, filth; faPelv, 
to fear]. A morbid dread of filth. 

rhyptic .(rip'-tik) [pvireiv, to cleanse]. Detergent; 
cleansing; cathartic. 

rhypus (rip'-us) [pvwos]. Dirt; sordes. 

rhysema {rise' -mah) [pvarma]. Wrinkle. 

rhythm (rithm) [pvdp:6s, rhythm]. Action or func- 
tion recurring at regular intervals, r., gallop, a form 
of heart action in which the cardiac sounds occur in 
groups of three. 

rhythmic (rith'-mik). Pertaining to or having the 
quality of rhythm, r. segmentations, a term sug- 
gested by Cannon for rhythmic localized contractions 
occurring in the small intestine during digestion. 

rhythmophone (rith'-mo-fon) [rhythm; <j>wvr), sound]. 
A form of microphone for studying the heart-beat 
and pulse-beat. 

rhytidosis (rit-id-o'-sis). A wrinkling. See also 
rutidosis. 

rib [AS., ribb). One of the 24 long, fiat, curved 
bones forming the wall of the thorax, r.s, abdominal. 
1. The floating ribs. 2. Ossifications of the inscrip- 
tion^ tendineae. r.s, asternal, the false ribs, r.s, 
cervical, rib-like processes extending ventrally from 
the cervical vertebra?, r., false, one of the five lower 
ribs not attached to the sternum directly, r., float- 
ing, one of the last two ribs which have one end free. 
r.s, short, the false ribs, r.s, sternal, the true ribs. 
r., true, one of the seven upper ribs that are attached 
to the sternum, r.s, vertebrochondral, the highest 
three false ribs; they are united in front by their cos- 
tal cartilages. 

Ribble's bandage (ribl). The spica bandage for 
the instep. 

Ribes' bag (reb) [Camille Champetier de Ribes, 
French obstetrician, 1848-]. A rubber bag used 
to dilate the cervix uteri. 

Ribes' ganglion (reb) [Francois Ribes, French phy- 
sician, 1800-1864]. A small ganglion of the sym- 
pathetic system situated on the anterior communi- 
cating artery. . 

ribesin (ri-be'-zin) [ribesium, currant]. The juice 
of the black currant, Ribes nigrum, used for staining 
microscopic sections. 

rice (m). A plant, Oryza sativa, of the Gr amines.; 
also its seed. Rice is used as a food, as a demulcent, 
and, in the form of rice-water, as a drink in fevers. 
r.-seed bodies, peculiar small, white bodies resem- 
bling grains of rice, found in the so-called ganglia 
occurring on tendons, r.-water evacuations, the 
name given to the bowel discharges in cholera. 

Richardson's method of auscultation (ritsh'-ard- 
son) [Sir Benjamin Ward Richardson, English phy- 
sician, 1828-1896]. The introduction into the esoph- 
agus of an elastic bougie or tube connected with the 
ear-pieces of a stethoscope. R.'s sign, a fillet applied 
to the veins of the arm will not cause filling of the 
veins on the distal side of the fillet if death be present. 

Richet's bandage (re'-sha) [Didier Dominique Al- 
fred Richet, French surgeon, 1816-1891]. A form of 
plaster-of-Paris bandage to which a small amount of 
gelatin has been added. 

Richter's hernia (rik'-ter) [August Gottlieb Rich- 
ter, German surgeon, 1742-1812]. Partial entero- 
cele; strangulated enterocele in which only part of 
the circumference of the gut is constricted; called also 
Liltre's hernia. 

Richter-Monro's line. See Monro's line. 

ricin (ris'-in) [ricinus, castor oil]. A poisonous 
proteid found in the castor-oil bean. 

ricini oleum. Castor oil; see ricinus. 



ricinin (ris'-in-in) [ricinus]. A poisonous crystal- 
line substance obtained from castor-oil. 

ricinism (ris'-in-izm). Poisoning from the seeds of 
Ricinus communis; it is marked by hemorrhagic gas- 
troenteritis and icterus. 

ricinus (ris'-in-us) [L., "a tick," from the resem- 
blance of the seed to that insect]. A plant or tree, 
R. communis, or castor-oil plant, of the order Euphor- 
biacece. ricini, oleum (U. S. P.), castor-oil, the fixed 
oil expressed from the seeds of R. communis; it is 
used as a cathartic in constipation, colic, and irrita- 
tiv.e diarrheas. Dose i oz. (16 Cc). 

rickets (rik'-ets). See rhachitis. 

rickety (rik'-et-e) [rickets]. Affected with or dis- 
torted by rickets. 

Ricord's chancre (re-kor') [Philippe Ricord, French 
surgeon, 1800-1889]. The parchment-like initial 
lesion of syphilis. Syn., chancre parchemine. 

rictus (rik'-tus) [L., from ringi, to gape]. A fissure 
or cleft ; a gaping, as of the mouth. Risus sardonicus. 
r. lupinus, cleft palate. 

rider's bone. An osseous formation in the ad- 
ductor muscles of the leg, from long-continued pres- 
sure of the leg against the saddle, r.'s bursa, an en- 
larged bursa, produced in the same way as the rider's 
bone, r.'s leg, strain of the adductor muscles of the 
thigh. 

ridge (rij) [ME., rigge, the back of a man or beast]. 
An extended elevation or crest, r., genital, the germ- 
ridge, in front of and internal to the Wolffian body, 
from which the internal reproductive organs are de- 
veloped, r., intervertebral, that on the vertebral end 
of a rib dividing the articular surface into two por- 
tions, r., maxillary, the dental crest; a ridge of vas- 
cular fibrous tissue along the alveolar processes of 
the fetus, r. oblique, a ridge on the grinding surface 
of an upper molar tooth, r.s, occipital, the superior 
and inferior curved lines of the occipital bone, r.s, 
palatine, the central ridge together with the lateral 
corrugations of the mucosa of the hard palate; they 
are especially noticeable in the human fetus, r., 
temporal, that extending from the external angular 
process of the frontal bone, across the frontal and 
parietal bones, and terminating in the posterior root 
of the zygomatic process. 

ridgel (rij' -el) [origin uncertain]. A male animal 
having one testicle removed or wanting. 

ridgeling (rij' -ling). See ridgel. 

riding of bones. In surgery, the displacement of 
the fractured ends of bones which are forced past 
each other by muscular contraction, instead of re- 
maining end to end. 

Ridley's sinus [Humphrey Ridley, English anato- 
mist, 1653-1708]. The circular sinus. 

Riedel's process, or lobe (re' -del) [Bernhard Moritz 
Carl Ludwig Riedel, German surgeon, 1846- ]. A 
tongue-shaped process of the liver extending down- 
ward, and frequently felt over the enlarged gall- 
bladder in cases of cholelithiasis. 

Riegel's pulse (re'-gel) [Franz Riegel, German 
physician, 1843-1904]. A pulse which becomes 
smaller during expiration. R.'s syndrome, Riegel's 
disease; the association of tachycardia with troubles 
simulating asthma. 

Riegler's test for albumin. 1. Calcium naphthol- 
sulphonate, 8; citric acid, 8; dissolve in distilled water, 
200; 10 Cc. of urine is mixed with 10 to 20 drops of 
the reagent. Traces of albumin are indicated by a 
turbidity; larger quantities by a precipitate. Quan- 
titative determination may be made with an albumin- 
ometer. 2. Ten Gm. betanaphthalinsulphonic acid 
are well shaken with 200 Cc. water and filtered. A 
turbidity or precipitate on adding 20 to 30 drops of 
reagent to 5 to 6 Cc. of fluid indicates albumin. Sen- 
sitiveness, 1 : 40,000. Albumoses and peptones react 
in a similar manner, but the precipitate disappears on 
warming and reappears on cooling. R.'s test for 
albumoses and peptones, dissolve 5 Gm. paranitran- 
ilin in 25 Cc. water and 6 Cc. concentrated sulphuric 
acid; add 100 Cc. water, then a solution of sodium 
nitrite 3 Gm. in 25 Cc. water, and make up to 500 Cc. 
with water. Filter and preserve in the dark. Mix 
10 Cc. reagent with 10 Cc. fluid to be tested, then add 
30 drops 10% solution NaOH — if very small quanti- 
ties of albumoses or peptones are present, a yellowish 
orange color develops; with notable quantities a 
blood-red, even the froth on shaking being red. On 
now adding excess of H2SO4 an orange or brownish 
precipitate forms. R.'s test for aldehydes and glu- 
cose, heat 0.1 Gm. phenylhydrazin hydrochloride, 



RIEUX'S HERNIA 



765 



RISORIUS 



0.5 Gm. crystal sodium acetate, and i Cc. sugar so- 
lution until dissolved. When near boiling-point add 
20 to 30 drops 10% NaOH without shaking — in a few 
seconds to 5 minutes liquid becomes violet-red, even 
if there is but 0.005% sugar present. If no sugar 
present, color will be a slight pink. For sugar in 
urine, color must develop within one minute to afford 
physiological significance. Reaction also occurs with 
aldehydes, hence absence of these must be assured. 
According to Jolles, absence of albumin must also be 
assured. Reaction uninfluenced by uric acid or 
creatinin. R.'s test for bile-pigments, on adding an 
excess of paradiazonitranilin solution to an alkaline 
solution of bilirubin or biliverdin, intensely colored 
reddish- violet flocks are precipitated, soluble in chlor- 
oform, alcohol, or benzine, and affording reddish-violet 
or violet solution. R.'s test for nitrites, 15 Cc. of the 
fluid to be examined is mixed in a test-tube with 0.02 
to 0.03 Gm. of the naphthol reagent (equal parts 
naphthionic acid and pure betanaphthol) and 2 or 3 
drops concentrated HC1, shaken, and 1 Cc. strong 
NH3 poured down the side of the tube, while held in a 
slanting position; presence of nitrites is indicated by 
appearance of a red zone, and on shaking the whole 
solution turns red. R.'s test for uric acid, parani- 
tranilin, 0.5 Gm.; water, 10 Cc; pure concentrated 
H2SO4, 15 drops. Put into a glass flask of 150 Cc. 
capacity, and heat with agitation until dissolved. 
Water 20 Cc. is now added, the mixture cooled quick- 
ly. 2.5% NaN02 solution 10 Cc. is added, and diluted, 
after 15 minutes, with water 60 Cc. The mixture is 
shaken up repeatedly and filtered. The formation of 
a blue or green color on adding the reagent and 10% 
NaOH solution indicates presence of uric acid. 

Rieux's hernia (re-oo). Retrocecal hernia. 

Riga's disease (re'-gah). Papillomatous ulcer- 
ation of the frenum of the tongue, covered with a 
whitish, diphtheroid exudate. 

Rigal's suture (re-gal') [Joseph Jean Antoine Rigal, 
French surgeon, 1797-1865]. Twisted rubber suture 
for harelip operations. 

Riggs's disease [John M. Riggs, American dentist, 
1810-1885). Pyorrhoea alveolaris. See Fauchard's 
disease. 

right (rlt). Belonging to or located upon that side 
which, with mammals contains less of the heart and 
is on the east when the face is toward the north; 
dextral. r.-brained, having the speech-center in 
the right instead of the left hemisphere, r.-eared, 
preferring the dextral ear as the one with which to 
hear sounds, r.-eyed, preferring the dextral eye as 
the dominant one. r.-eyedness, dextrocularity, the 
condition of using the right eye with more expertness 
and correctness than the left, r.-footed, choosing 
the dextral foot as the one to guide and base action, 
from which to spring in beginning to march, in spad- 
ing, etc. r. hand, see dexter, r.-handed, using the 
right hand with more freedom and effect than the 
left; preferring the right hand for the more expert or 
intellectual tasks, r. -handedness, the condition of 
being right-handed. 

rigid (rij'-id) [rigidus, stiff]. Stiff, hard. r. os, 
see rigidity, anatomical. 

rigiditas (rij-id'-it-as) [L.]. Stiffness; rigidity, r. 
articulorum, spurious ankylosis, r. cadaverica, rigor 
mortis. 

rigidity (rij-id'-it-e) [rigidus, stiff]. Stiffness; in- 
flexibility; immobility; tonic contraction of muscles. 
r., anatomical (of the cervix uteri), rigidity in which the 
cervix, though neither edematous nor tender, is not 
wholly effaced in labor, but retains its length and di- 
lates only to a certain extent, beyond which the con- 
tractions of the uterus are without effect, r., cada- 
veric, rigor mortis, r., cerebellar, rigidity of the 
spinal muscles, due to tumor of the middle lobe of 
the cerebellum. The head is drawn backward, the 
spine curved, and the arms and legs made rigid, r., 
hemiplegic, spastic rigidity of the paralyzed limbs 
in hemiplegia, r., muscular, see Thomsen's disease. 
r., pathological (of the cervix uteri), rigidity due to or- 
ganic disease or cicatricial contraction, r., post- 
mortem, rigor mortis, r., spasmodic (of the cervix 
uteri), rigidity due to spasmodic contraction of the 
cervix. 

rigor (ri'-gor) [rigor, from rigere, to be cold]. Chill. 
r. mortis, the muscular rigidity that occurs a short 
time after death, due to chemical changes resulting in 
coagulation of the muscle-plasma and the develop- 
ment of an acid reaction, r. nervorum, tetanus. 

rima (ri'-mah) (L., pi., rimer.]. A chink or cleft. 



r. glottidis, the cleft between the true vocal bands; 
the glottis, r. laryngis, see r. glottidis. r. oris, the 
line formed by the junction of the lips. r. palpe- 
brarum, the palpebral fissure, r. pudendi, the fissure 
between the labia majora. r. respiratoria, the space 
back of the arytenoid cartilages, r. vocalis, see r. 
glottidis. 

Rimini's test for formaldehyde (re'-min-e). Add 
to the suspected fluid 3 drops of a dilute solution of 
phenolhydrazine hydrochloride and then 3 drops of 
a five per cent, aqueous solution of sodium nitroprus- 
side; then an excess of a saturated aqueous solution 
of sodium hydroxide; then warm. An intense blue 
color, gradually changing to green and then to ashy 
gray follows in the presence of formaldehyde even in 
minute quantity. 

rimose (ri'-mos) [rimosus, full of chinks]. In bio- 
logy, full of crevices or furrows. 

rimous (ri'-mus) [rima, a cleft]. Having cracks, 
clefts, or fissures. 

rimula (rim'-u-lah) [dim. of rima, a chink]. A 
small cleft or fissure, especially of the spinal cord or 
the cerebellum. 

rinderpest (rin'-der-pest) [Ger., "cattle-pest"]. An 
acute infectious disease of cattle, appearing occa- 
sionally among sheep and other ruminants. 

Rindfleisch's granule-cells (rint'-flish) [Georg 
Eduard Rindfieisch, German physician 1 836-1908]. 
Eosinophile leukocytes with granulations. 

ring [ME.]. A circular opening or the structure 
surrounding it. See annulus. r., abdominal, see 
abdominal, r.-bodies,' peculiar ring-shaped bodies 
found in the erythrocytes in pernicious anemia, leuke- 
mia, and lead-poisoning, r., contraction, see Bandl. 

ringed hair, a very rare form of canities, in which 
the hairs are white or colored in rings or bands. 

Ringer's solution (ring'-er). An artificial blood 
serum, in two strengths: 1. sodium chloride, 7.500; 
calcium chloride, 0.125; potassium chloride, 0.075; 
sodium bicarbonate, 0.125; distilled water, 1000. 2. 
Sodium chloride 9.00; calcium chloride, 0.24; potas- 
sium chloride, 0.42; sodium bicarbonate, 0.30; dis- 
tilled water, 1000. Each of these solutions is to be 
sterilized. 

ringworm. Tinea trichophytina, a contagious dis- 
ease of the skin due to a vegetable parasite, the tri- 
chophyton. See tinea. 

Rinmann's sign of early pregnancy. Slender cords 
radiating from the nipple; they are considered to be 
hypertrophic acini of the glands. 

Rhine's test (rin'-na) [Friedrich Heinrich Rinne, 
German otologist]. A test to determine the condi- 
tion of the various parts of the ear, performed by ap- 
plying a vibrating tuning-fork first over the mastoid 
process, leaving it there until the patient seems no 
longer to hear the sound, and then as quickly as pos- 
sible bringing it immediately in front of the external 
meatus, avoiding all contact with the head or ear. If 
the patient is then able to hear the sound of the tun- 
ing-fork once more, it indicates that the conduction 
through the air is better than through the bone. 

rinolite (ri' -no-lit). See rhinolith. 

Riolan's arch (re-ol-on(g)) [Jean Riolan, French 
physician, 1580-1657]- The arch of the mesentery 
which is attached to the transverse mesocolon. R.'s 
bouquet, the muscular bundle attached to the styloid 
process and composed of the styloglossus, stylohyoid, 
and stylopharyngeus. R.'s muscle, the ciliary portion 
of the orbicularis palpebrarum. R.'s ossicles, small 
bones sometimes found in the suture between the 
inferior border of the occipital bone and the mastoid 
portion of the temporal bone. 

ripa (ri'-pah) [ripa, a bank]. The line formed by 
the reflection of the endyma upon any plexus or tela 
of the brain. 

Ripault's sign (re-po') [Louis Henri Antonin Ri- 
pault, French physician, 1807-1856]. A change in 
the shape of the pupil on pressure upon the eye, tran- 
sitory during life, but permanent after death. 

ripe (rip). Mature, completed. 

ripples (rip' -els). Scotch vernacular term for loco- 
motor ataxia. 

risiccol (riz'-ik-ol). A preparation containing 
chiefly castor oil and magnesia. 

risidontrophy (riz-id-on' -tro-fe) [pl$a, a root]. The 
operation of drilling the root of a tooth. 

risipola lombarda (riz-ip-o'-lah lom-bar'-dah) . Syn- 
onym of pellagra. 

risorius (ri-so'-re-us) [rider e, to laugh]. Laughing. 
r. muscle. See under muscle. 



RISTIN 



766 



ROENTGENIZATION 



ristin. The monobenzoic acid ester of ethylene 
glycoll; it has been recommended in scabies. 

risus (ri'-sus) [L.]. A grin or laugh. ' r. caninus, 
see r. sardonicus. r. sardonicus, the sardonic grin, a 
peculiar grinning distortion of the face produced by 
spasm of the muscles about the mouth, seen in tetanus. 

Ritgen's method [Ferdinand August Marie Franz 
Ritgen, German physician, 1787-1867]. A method 
of manual delivery of the fetal head. It consists in 
lifting the head upward and forward through the 
vulva, between the pains, by pressure made with the 
tip of the fingers upon the perineum behind the anus 
close to the extremity of the coccyx. 

Ritter's disease (rit'-er) [Gottfried Rilter von 
Rittersheim, German physician, 1820-1883]. Derm- 
atitis exfoliativa of the newborn. R.'s fiber, a 
delicate fiber regarded as a nerve-fiber, seen in 
the axis of a retinal rod, near the peripheral end 
of which it forms a small enlargement. R.'s law 
of contraction, stimulation of a nerve occurs both 
at the moment of closing and of opening of the 
electric current. R.'s tetanus, tetanic contractions 
occurring on the opening of the constant current 
which has been made to pass for some time through a 
long section of a nerve. In man the phenomenon 
does not occur under physiologic conditions, but it is 
seen in tetany. 

Ritter-Rollet's phenomenon.' Flexion of the foot 
following the application of a mild galvanic current, 
and extension following that of a strong current. 

Ritter-Valli's law. Section of a living nerve is fol- 
lowed by a gradual loss of irritability, preceded by a 
slight increase, the phenomenon taking place cen- 
trifugally from the divided end. 

Rivallie's paste. A caustic made by adding con- 
centrated nitric acid to lint. 

rivalry (ri'-val-re) [rivales, near neighbors who used 
the same brook]. A struggle for supremacy, r. of 
colors, a rivalry of the visual fields of the two eyes, a 
different color being presented to each. r. of con- 
tours, a rivalry of the contours of two objects, one of 
which is presented to each eye, when they overlap 
in the binocular field of vision, r., retinal, see r„ 
strife, r., strife, the alternate mastery of one or the 
other sensation, color, contour, etc., in the eyes when 
the fields of vision of the two eyes are incapable of 
being combined into one image, r. of visual fields, 
see r., strife. 

Rivalta's test (re-val'-tah) [Sebastiano Rivalta, Ital- 
ian veterinary surgeon]. For differentiating exudate 
from transudate: A drop of the fluid is allowed to fall 
into a solution of acetic acid (2 drops of glacial acetic 
acid to 100 Cc. of distilled water). If the drop sinks 
and leaves a turbidity the fluid is an exudate. 

Riverius' draft (rev-e'-re-us) [Lazarus Riverius, 
French physician, 1589-1655]. A solution of sodium 
citrate. 

Rivinian canals, R. ducts [Augustus Quirinus Riv- 
inus, German anatomist, 1652-1723]. The ducts of 
the sublingual gland. R. foramen. See Bochdalek's 
Canal. R. glands, the sublingual glands. R. lig- 
ament. See Shrapnell's membrane. R. notch, R. 
segment, a notch of irregular outline at the upper 
border of the sulcus tympanicus; it is marked at each 
end by a small spine. 

Rivolta's disease. Actinomycosis. 

rivulose (riv'-u-los) [rivulus, a small stream]. In 
biology, marked with small sinuate lines. 

rixolin (riks'-ol-in). A mixture of petroleum and 
light oil of camphor. 

riziform (riz'-if-orm). Resembling grains of rice. 

rizine (ri'-zen). Rice that has been acted upon by 
superheated steam. 

R. M. A. An abbreviation for right mentoanterior 
position of the fetus. 

R. M. P. An abbreviation for right mentoposterior 
position of the fetus. 

R. N. Abbreviation for Registered Nurse. 

R. O. A. An abbreviation for right occipitoanter- 
ior position of the fetus. 

roaring (ror'-ing). A disease of horses that causes 
them to make a singular noise in breathing under ex- 
ertion. The disease is due to paralysis and wasting 
of certain laryngeal muscles, usually of the left side, 
resulting in a narrowing of the glottis. 

rob. A confection made -of fruit-juice, especially 
of that of the mulberry. 

Robert's pelvis (ro-bair') [Cesar Alphonse Robert, 
French surgeon, 1801-1862]. The transversely con- 
tracted or doubly synostotic pelvis; ankylosis of both 



sacroiliac synchondroses, the sacrum being absent or 
undeveloped. 

Roberts' test for albumin [Sir William Roberts, Eng- 
lish physician, 1 830-1 899]. Float the urine on the 
surface of a saturated common salt solution contain- 
ing 5% of hydrochloric acid, of specific gravity 1.052. 
A white ring or zone formed between the two liquids 
indicates albumin. Roberts suggests that a mixture 
of 1 part strong nitric acid and 5 parts saturated mag- 
nesium sulphate solution may be employed also. R.'s 
test for glucose in urine, find the specific gravity of 
the urine at a known temperature by means of a 
urinometer supplied with a thermometer. Acidify 
slightly with tartaric acid, and add a piece of yeast the 
size of a pea, and shake. Let it stand in a warm 
place (20°-25° C.) for .24 hours. Filter through a 
dry filter and cool to the same temperature at which 
the specific gravity was previously taken. Take the 
specific gravity again. Every degree of density lost 
represents 1 grain of glucose to the ounce of urine. 

Robertson's pupil. See Argyll Robertson pupil. 

robin (ro'-bin). A toxic albuminoid from the bark 
of the locust tree, Robinia pseudacacia; its action is 
similar to that of abrin and ricin. 

Robin's myelopaxes (ro-ban') [Charles Philippe 
Roban, French physician, 1821-1885]. Osteoclasts. 

Robinson's circle (rob'-in-sun) [Byron Robinson, 
American surgeon]. An arteiial anastomosis con- 
sisting of the following arteries: uterine, ovarian, 
abdominal aorta, common iliacs and internal iliacs. 

Robinson's disease (rob'-in-sun) [Andrew Rose 
Robinson, American dermatologist, 1845- ]. 
Hydrocystoma. 

Robiquet's paste (rob-e-ka') [Pierre Jean Robiquet, 
French physician, 1780-1840]. A caustic paste con- 
sisting of equal parts of zinc chloride and flour with 
gutta-percha. It is firm and tenacious. 

robor (ro'-bor) [L.]. Strength. 

roborant (ro'-bor-ant) [robor, strength]. 1. Tonic, 
strengthening. 2. A tonic or strengthening remedy. 

roborat (ro'-bor-at) [see roborant]. An albuminous 
dietetic prepared from maize, containing lecithin and 
glycerinophosphoric acid. 

roborin (ro'-bor-in). A grayish-green powder or 
brown mass, obtained from blood, and said to consist 
of water, 7.6 %, calcium carbonate, 10.23%, common 
salt, 1.7%. iron oxide, 0.49%, other mineral substan- 
ces, 1.28%, albuminoids, 78.63%; the last are prin- 
cipally calcic albuminates. 

Robson's point (rob'-sun) [A. W. Mayo Robson, 
English surgeon]. A point one-third of the way on a 
line from the umbilicus to the right nipple; it is the 
point of greatest tenderness in inflammation of the 
gall bladder. 

Roccella (rok-sel'-ah). A genus of plants of the 
Roccellece. R. tinctoria is the litmus-plant. 

Rochelle salt (ro-shel'). Potassium and sodium 
tartrate. _ 

rock-oil. See petroleum. 

Rocky mountain fever. A form of fever occurring 
at high altitudes; mountain fever; and see Texas fever. 

rod [ME.]. One of numerous slender bacillary 
structures, as in the retina, r.-and-cone layer, r. and 
cones, see under retina, r.-granules, cells of the outer 
nuclear layer of the retina; they are characterized by 
transverse striae and give off processes connected 
with the nerve-fiber layer of the retina, r.'s, retinal, 
cylindrical bodies found in the rods and cones of the 
retina. 

rodagen (rod' -ah- j en). A proprietary preparation 
of the milk of thyroidectomized goats, for use in 
exophthalmic goiter. 

rodent ulcer. See ulcer, rodent. 

rodostrophone (ro-dos'-tro-fon). An instrument for 
transmitting articular sounds from the skull of one 
person directly to that of another. 

Rodriguez' aneurysm (rod-re' -ga). Varicose ane- 
urysm in which the sac is immediately contiguous to 
the artery. 

Roederer's ecchymoses [Johanh Georg Roederer, 
German obstetrician, 1727-1763]. See Bayard's ec- 
chymoses. R.'s obliquity, flexion of the chin when the 
child is engaged at the superior pelvic strait during 
labor. 

roentgenism (rent'-gen-izm) [Wilhelm Konrad 
Roentgen, German physicist, 1845- ]. 1. The appli- 
cation of the Roentgen-rays in therapeutics. 2. Dis- 
ease or disability from misuse of the Roentgen rays. 

roentgenization (rent-gen-iz-a'-shun) . Exposure or 
subjection to the action of Roentgen rays. 



ROENTGENOGRAM 



767 



ROSE'S OPERATION 



roentgenogram {rent-gen' -o-gr am). A Roentgen- 
ray photograph; a skiagram. 

roentgenograph (rent-gen'-o-graf). To make a 
roentgenogram. 

roentgenography (rent-gen-og'-ra-fe). Same as 
skiagraphy, q. v. 

roetgenologist {rent-gen-ol'-o-jist). One who is ex- 
pert in the diagnosis and treatment by the Roentgen 
rays. 

roentgenology (rent-gen-ol'-o-je) [Roentgen rays; 
\6yos, treatise]. The study of the roentgen rays. 

roentgenometry (rent-gen-om'-et-re). Measurement 
of the penetrating power or of the quantity employed 
of the Roentgen rays. 

roentgenoscope (rent-gen' -o-skop). Same as fluoro- 
scope, q. v. 

roentgenoscopy (rent-gen-os'-ko-pe) [Roentgen rays; 
vKoirelv, to view]. Examination of solid bodies by 
means of Roentgen rays. 

roentgenotherapy [Roentgen rays; depairela, treat- 
ment]. The treatment of disease by means of the 
Roentgen rays. 

Roentgen-rays. See rays. Roentgen-. 
roetheln. See rubella. 

Roger's disease [Henri Louis Roger, French phy- 
sician, 1811-1892]. The presence of a congenital ab- 
normal communication between the ventricles of the 
heart. R.'s symptom, subnormal temperature dur- 
ing the third stage of tuberculous meningitis, regarded 
by Roger as pathognomonic of the disease. 

Rokitansky's disease (rok-it-an'-ske) [Carl Freiherr 
von Rokitansky, Austrian pathologist, 1804-1878]. 
Acute yellow atrophy of the liver. R.'s pelvis, pelvic 
deformity due to spondylolisthesis. R.'s tumor, an 
ovarian tumor made up of a large number of cysts. 
Rolandic (ro-lan' -dik) [Louis Rolando, Italian ana- 
tomist, 1773-1831]. Described by Rolando, as the 
rolandic fissure. R. angle, the acute angle formed by 
the fissure of Rolando with the superior border of the 
cerebral hemisphere. R. area, the excitomotor area 
of the cerebral hemispheres, comprising the ascending 
frontal and ascending parietal convolutions. 

Rolando's arciform fibers [see Rolandic]. The ex- 
ternal arcuate fibers of the oblongata. R.'s cells, the 
ganglion-cells found in Rolando's gelatinous substance. 
R.'s fissure, a fissure on the lateral aspect of the cere- 
brum extending downward from near the longitu- 
dinal fissure at about its middle point. It separates 
the frontal from the parietal lobe. The central fissure. 
R.'s funiculus, the lateral cuneate funiculus, a longi- 
tudinal prominence caused by Rolando's gelatinous 
substance on the surface of the oblongata, between 
the cuneate funiculus and the line of roots of the 
spinal accessory nerve. R.'s gelatinous substance, 
the elongated column which forms a continuation of 
the apices of the posterior horns of the spinal cord, 
extending from the lumbar portion of the cord up- 
ward into the pons. It consists of neuroglia and a 
number of ganglion-cells. R.'s tubercle, a mass of 
gray matter forming the upper termination of Ro- 
lando's funiculus. The fibers given off from its cells 
go to make up the sensory root of the trigeminus. 

rolandometer (ro-land-om'-et-er). A device for lo- 
cating on the head the place of the fissure of Rolando. 
Roller's nucleus (rol'-er) [Christian Friedrich Wil- 
helm Roller, German physician, 1802-1878]. 1. A 
nucleus situated near the hilum of the olivary body of 
the oblongata; it is connected with the fibers of the 
anterolateral fundamental tract of the spinal cord. 
2. An aggregation of small ganglion-cells situated 
anteriorly to the nucleus of the hypoglossal nerve. 

roller-bandage. A bandage made into a cylindrical 
roll. 

Rollet's chancre. One partaking of the character- 
istics of both simple and true chancre. R.'s nerve- 
corpuscles, see Golgi's corpuscles. R.'s secondary 
substance, see Engelmann's lateral disc. 

Rollet's delomorphous- cells [Alexander Rollet, Aus- 
trian physiologist, 1 834-1903]. Large, well defined 
cells between the membrana propria and the chief cells 
of the fundus glands of the gastric mucous membrane. 
They are supposed to secrete the hydrochloric acid. 
R.'s stroma, an insoluble, spongy network forming the 
structure of an erythrocyte, within the interstices of 
which is embedded the hemoglobin. 

Roman-Delluc's test for urobilin in urine. Shake 
100 Cc. urine with 20 Cc. chloroform, after acidu- 
lating with 8 to 10 drops acetic acid. Overlay 2 Cc. 
of clear chloroformic solution with 4 Cc. of 1 : 1000 
solution zinc acetate in 95% alcohol. At the line of 



separation a characteristic green fluorescence will ap- 
pear if urobilin is present, more easily recognized 
against a black background. On shaking, fluores- 
cence is more marked and the mixture acquires a 
pink tint. 

romanoscope (ro-man'-o-skop). A speculum for 
examining the sigmoid flexure. 

Romberg's disease [Moritz Heinrich Romberg, Ger- 
man physician, 1795-1873]. Progressive facial hemi- 
atrophy. R.'s sign. 1. Swaying of the body and 
inability to stand when the eyes are closed and the 
feet placed together; it is seen in tabes dorsalis, heredi- 
tary cerebellar ataxia, etc. It is also called the Brauch- 
Romberg symptom. 2. Neuralgic pain in the course 
and distribution of the obturator nerve, pathognom- 
onic of obturator hernia. R.'s spasm, masticatory 
spasm, a spasm affecting the muscles supplied by the 
motor fibers of the fifth nerve. R.'s trophoneurosis, 
see Romberg's disease. 

Romershausen's eye- water (ro'-merz-how-zen). A 
wash employed in chronic ophthalmic catarrh. It is 
a mixture of fennel water and tincture of fennel. 

Rommelaere's law [Guillaume A. V. Rommel- 
aere, Belgian physician, 1836- ]. Constant dim- 
inution of the nitrogen in the urine in cases of carcin- 
oma. R.'s sign, diminution of the normal phos- 
phates and sodium chloride in the urine is pathog- 
nomonic of cancerous cachexia. 

rongeur forceps (rong-zjur). A strong pair of 
forceps for breaking off pieces of bone, especially in 
enlarging a trephine opening. 

roof-cell. A nerve-cell of the roof-nucleus. 
roof-nucleus. A nucleus in the roof of the fourth 
ventricle. 

root. 1. The descending axis of a plant. 2. 
The part of an organ embedded in the tissues, as 
the root of a tooth, r.-arteries, the radicular vessels. 
r. of a nerve, one of two bundles of nerve-fibers, the 
anterior and posterior roots, joining to form a nerve- 
trunk, r.-sheath, the epithelium of the hair-follicle. 
r.-zone, a name given to the column of Burdach of 
the spinal cord. 

R. O. P. An abbreviation for right occipitoposte- 
rior position of the fetus. 

rophetic (ro-fet'-ik) [po<j>riTiK6s, given to sopping up]. 
A mechanical absorbent agent, as a dusting-powder, 
sponge, etc. 

rosa (ro'-zah) [L.]. A rose; see rose. 
rosacea (ro-za'-se-ah). See acne rosacea. 
x rosalia (ro-sa'-le-ah). 1. Scarlatina. 2. Measles. 
3. Erythema. 

rosanilin, rosaniline {ro-zan' -il-in) [rose; anilin], 
C20H19N3O. A colorless, crystalline derivative of 
aniline. It is used as the basis of various dyes. r. 
acetate, r. hydrochloride, the red dye fuchsin. 
rosary, rhachitic. See rhachitic rosary. 
rose (roz) [p68ov, from Ar., ward, a rose]. A genus 
of plants of the order Rosacea, r.s, attar of, see r., 
oil of. r. catarrh, see hay-fever, r.-cold, see hay- 
fever, r., confection of (confectio rosa, U. S. P.), a 
confection prepared from the petals of the red rose 
(rosa gallica, U. S. P.). r., dog-, the common wild 
rose of Europe. The fruit (rosa caninafructus, B. P.) 
is used in Europe as a vehicle, r., fiuidextract of 
(fluidextr actum rosa, U. S. P.), used as an astringent 
and vehicle. Dose 1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc). r., honey of 
(mel rosa, U. S. P.), a syrup made of fiuidextract of 
rose and clarified honey. Dose 1 dr. (4 Cc.) . r., oil of 
(oleum rosa, U. S. P.), a volatile oil distilled from the 
petals of Rosa damascena, and employed as a perfume 
and flavoring agent. Syn., attar of roses, r. rash, 
see roseola, r., red (rosa gallica, U. S. P.; rosa gal- 
lica petala, B. P.), the dried petals are slightly astrin- 
gent and tonic, but are chiefly employed as a vehicle. 
r., syrup of (syrupus rosa, U. S. P.), a syrup made of 
fiuidextract of rose, diluted sulphuric acid, sugar, and 
water, r.-water (aqua rosa, U. S. P.). Dose 4 dr. 
(16 Cc). r.-water, ointment of (unguentum aqua 
rosa, U. S. P.), cold cream, r.-water, triple (aqua 
rosafortior, U. S. P.), stronger rose-water. 

Rose's biuret reaction for albumins. Alkalinize 
the albumin solution with soda-lye and add, drop by 
drop, with constant shaking, a dilute copper sulphate 
solution (17 or 18 Gm. crystallized cupric sulphate in 
1 liter of water). The solution will become rose-red, 
then violet, and finally blue; the blue appears of a red- 
dish tint when compared with a normal alkaline cop- 
per solution. 

Rose's operation (roz) [William Rose, English 



ROSELLA 



768 



ROTTLERA 



surgeon, 1847- ]. Removal of the Gasserian 
ganglion, for the relief of trifacial neuralgia. 

rosella (ro-sel'-ah). See rubella. 

rosemary (roz'-ma-re) [rosmarinus, marine dew; 
from ros, dew; marinus, marine]. The Rosmarinus 
officinalis, a plant of the order Labiates, r., oil of 
(oleum rosmarini, U. S. P.), a volatile oil used as a 
stimulant and in rubefacient liniments. Dose 3-6 
min. (0.2-0.3 Cc). r., spirit of (spiritus rosmarini, 
B. P.), prepared from the oil and used as a perfume 
and in liniments. 

Rosen's liniment. A liniment composed of oil of 
nutmeg, spirit of juniper, and oil of cloves. 

Rosenbach's disease (ro'-zen-bakh) [Ottomar 
Rosenbach, German physician, 1851-1907]. A nodu- 
lar enlargement, painful to the touch, of the dorsal 
aspect of the proximal ends/ of the last phalanges. 
The affection is regarded as identical with Heberden's 
nodes, r.'s modification of Gmelin's test for bile- 
pigments, when the liquid has all been filtered 
through a very small filter, apply to the inside of the 
filter a drop of nitric acid containing only a very little 
nitrous acid, when a pale yellow spot will form, sur- 
rounded by colored rings, which are yellowish-red, 
violet, blue, and green, r.'s sign. 1. Loss of the 
abdominal reflex in inflammatory intestinal diseases. 
2. Tremor of the eyelids when the patient is asked to 
close them, often associated with insufficient closure 
of the lids. It is seen in neurasthenia. 3. Tremor 
of the upper lids in exophthalmic goitre when the 
eyes are gently closed. R.'s syndrome, a variety of 
paroxysmal tachycardia consisting in the association 
of cardiac, respiratory, and gastric troubles. R.'s test 
for indirubin, boil the liquid with nitric acid, and 
indigo-blue will be formed from indirubin. 

Rosenbach-Semon's law. See Semon's law. 

Rosenberg's method. By requiring the patient to 
read aloud a difficult passage, the production of the 
knee-jerk is facilitated. 

Rosenheim's sign (ro'-zen-him). A friction-sound 
heard on auscultation over the left hypochondrium 
in fibrous perigastritis. 

Rosenmueller's fossa (ro' ' -zen-mu-ler) [Johann 
Christian Rosenmueller, German anatomist, 177 1- 
1820]. A depression behind the pharyngeal orifice 
of the Eustachian tube, frequently the seat of morbid 
growths. R.'s gland. 1. The palpebral portion of 
the lacrimal gland. 2. The largest of the group of 
deep subinguinal glands in the crural ring. R.'s or- 
gan, the parovarium, a vestige of the Wolffian body 
and duct. R.'s valve, a semilunar fold of the mucous 
membrane seen occasionally in the lacrimal duct above 
its junction with the lacrimal sac. 

Rosenthal's canal (ro'-zen-tahl) [Friedrich Christian 
Rosenthal, German anatomist, 1780-1829; Isidor 
Rosenthal, German physiologist, 1836- ]. The spi- 
ral canal of the modiolus, r.'s hyperacid vomiting, 
the vomiting of very acid material, indicative of ex-, 
aggerated secretion of HC1 in the gastric juice; Ross- 
bach's disease. R.'s sign, the application of a strong 
faradic current to the sides of the vertebral column 
causes burning and stabbing pains in cases of spon- 
dylitis. R.'s vein, the basilar vein, a branch of Ga- 
len's vein. 

roseola (ro-ze'-o-lah) [roseus, rosy]. 1. Rose-rash, a 
name given to any rose-colored eruption. 2. Syn- 
onym of rubella, r. cholerica, an eruption some- 
times appearing in cholera, r., syphilitica, an erup- 
tion of rose-colored spots appearing early in secondary 
syphilis, r. typhosa, the eruption of typhoid or ty- 
phus fever, r. vaccinia, a general rose-colored erup- 
tion sometimes occurring during vaccinia. 

roseoles a verre bleu. Faint syphilides discovered 
by means of cobalt-blue glasses worn close to the eyes, 
before they are revealed to the naked eye. 

roseolous (ro-ze'-o-lus) [roseus, rosy]. Having the 
character of roseola. 

Roser's position. With head dependent over the 
end of the table. 

Roser-Braun's sign. Absence of pulsations of the 
dura in cases of cerebral abscess, tumors, etc. 

Roser-Nelaton's line. See Nelaton's line. 

roset, rosette (ro-zet'). 1. See karyokinesis. 2. A 
congery of cells from the neuroepithelial layer of the 
retina described by Wintersteiner as a characteristic 
of glioma of the retina. They correspond to the ex- 
ternal limiting membrane of the retina, with rudi- 
mentary rods and cones projecting into the central 
cavity. 

rosin (roz'-in). The residue left after distilling off 



the volatile oil from turpentine. See also resina. r. 
cerate (ceratum resina, U. S. P.), a mixture of rosin, 
yellow wax, and lard. r. cerate, compound (ceratum 
resincz compositum, U. S. P.), a mixture of rosin, yel- 
low wax, prepared suet, turpentine, and linseed- 
oil. 

Rosin's test for indigo-red. Render the liquid 
alkaline with sodium carbonate and extract with 
ether, which is colored red by the indirubin. 

rosinol (roz'-in-ol). See retinol. 

rosin-weed, Compass plant. The plant Silphium 
laciniatum secretes an oleo-resin commonly used as a 
chewing-gum. Tonic, alterative, and emetic. Dose 
of fld.ext. 3 ss-j. 

rosmarinus (roz-ma-ri'-nus). See rosemary. 

rosolene (roz'-o-len) [rosin, a variation of resin; 
oleum, oil]. The oily distillate of colophony. 

rosolic acid (ro-zoV-ik), C20H16O3. A substance 
used as a test for acids and alkalies : acids decolorize it; 
with alkalies it gives a red color. 

Ross, cycle of. That phase of development of 
Plasmodium malar ice which occurs in the mosquito. 
See Golgi, cycle of. 

Ross's in vitro method. A method of studying, 
under the microscope, reproduction and other phe- 
nomena in living cells on glass slides covered with 
nutrient jelly. 

Rossbach's disease (ros'-bahk) [Michael Joseph 
Rossbach, German physician, 1842-1894]. Gas- 
troxynsis; a neurosis of the stomach attended with 
paroxysmal hypersecretion. 

Rossell's test for blood in the stools (ros-eV) [Otto 
Rossell, Swiss physician]. To an ethereal extract of 
the feces are added oil of turpentine and solution of 
aloin. In the presence of blood the mixture assumes 
a red color. 

rostellum (ros-teV -um) [dim. of rostrum]. A little 
beak, especially the hook-bearing portion of the head 
of certain worms. 

rostral (ros'-tral) [rostrum, beak], 1. Pertaining to 
or resembling a rostrum. 2. See cephalic. 

rostrate (ros'-trat) [rostrum]. Furnished with a 
beak or beak-like process. 

rostriform (ros'-trif-orm) [rostrum, beak; forma, 
form]. Shaped like a rostrum. 

rostrum (ros'-trum) [L.]. A beak; a projection or 
ridge, r. corporis callosi, the anterior tapering por- 
tion of the corpus callosum. r. sphenoidale, the 
vertical ridge on the inferior aspect of the body of the 
sphenoid bone, which is received in the upper grooved 
border of the vomer. Syn., beak of the sphenoid. 

rot 1. To suffer putrefactive fermentation. 2. 
Decay; decomposition. 3. A disease of sheep, r. 
potato-. See mildew. 

rotary (ro'-ta-re) [rotation]. Producing or char- 
acterized by rotation, r. joint, a pivot joint. 

rotate (ro'-tat) [rotare, to revolve]. Wheel-shaped. 
In dentistry, the term implies the turning of a tooth 
on its axis, r.-plane, in biology, wheel-shaped and 
flat. 

rotating (ro-ta'-ting) [rotare, to revolve]. Revol- 
ving, r. devices, appliances, either single or double, 
for correcting torsion of single-rooted teeth. 

rotation (ro-ta'-shun) [rotare, to turn, from rota, a 
wheel]. 1. The act of turning about an axis passing 
through the center of a body, as rotation of the eye, 
rotation of the arm. 2. In dentistry, the operation 
by which a tooth is turned or twisted into its normal 
position, r. joint, a lateral ginglymus. r.-stage of 
labor, one of the stages of labor consisting in a rota- 
tory movement of. the fetal head or other presenting 
part, whereby it is accommodated to the birth-canal. 
It may be internal, occurring before the birth of the 
presenting part, or external occurring afterward, r.j 
wheel, of Helmholtz, the tilting of the vertical mer- 
idians of the eye. 

rotator (ro-ta'-tor) [see rotation]. Anything, es- 
pecially a muscle, that produces rotation. 

Rotch's sign [Thomas Morgan Rotch, American 
physician, 1848- ]. Dulness on percussion in the 
right fifth intercostal space in pericardial effusion. 

Roth's disease, R.'s symptom-complex. "Mer- 
algia paraesthetica." See Bernhardt' s paresthesia. 
R.'s spots, white spots resembling those of albumin- 
uric retinitis, seen in the region of the optic disc and 
the macula in cases of septic retinitis. R.'s vas aber- 
rans, an inconstant diverticulum of the middle por- 
tion of the rete testis. 

rotheln (ret'-eln). See rubella. 

rottlera (rot-le'-rah). See kamala. 



ROTTLERIN 



769 



RUGA 



rottlerin (rot'-ler-in), C22H20O6. A bitter principle 
from kamala; used as an anthelmintic. 

rotula (rot'-u-lah) [dim. of rota, a wheel]. 1. The 
patella. 2. A troche or lozenge. 

rotulad (rot'-u-lad) [rotula; ad, towards]. Toward 
the patella. 

rotular (rot'-u-lar) [rotula, a little wheel]. Of or 
pertaining to the patella, e. g., the patellar aspect of a 
limb ; opposed to popliteal. 

Rouge*s operation (roozj) (for access to the nasal 
cavities). The upper lip is freed from the jaw by an 
incision through the mucous membrane; the carti- 
laginous septum and lower lateral cartilages are then 
detached so that the nose and lips can be raised to the 
necessary extent. 

Rouget's bulb, (roo-zja') [Antoine D. Rouget, 
French physiologist]. The bulb of the ovary, a plexus 
of veins lying on the surface of the ovary and communi- 
cating with the uterine and pampiniform plexuses. 
R.'s motorial end-plates, small cellular elements con- 
nected, within the sarcolemma, with the endings of 
motor nerves. R.'s muscle, see Mueller's muscle (1). 

Roughton's band. Collapse, from atrophy of the 
tissues, of the zone corresponding to the junction of 
the alae nasi with the lateral cartilages. The result- 
ing contact of this zone with the septum causes ob- 
struction during inspiration. 

Rougnon-Heberden's disease (roon-yong'-heb'-er- 
den) [Nicholas Francois Rougnon, French physician, 
1727-1790; William Heberden, English physician, 
1710-1801]. Angina pectoris . 

rouleau (roo-lo) [Ft.; pi., rouleaux]. A roll, es- 
pecially a roll of red blood-corpuscles, resembling a 
roll of coins. 

round ligament. 1. One of the ligaments of the 
uterus passing through the inguinal canal. 2. One 
of the ligaments of the liver lying in the longitudinal 
fissure. 3. One of the ligaments of the hip-joint — lig- 
amentum teres. 

rounding (rown'-ding). A term given to that pro- 
pensity manifested by certain hypochondriac indi- 
viduals to run the round of all the free dispensaries in 
a vicinity. Such patients are termed "rounders." 

roundworm. The ascaris. 

roup (roop). An infectious respiratory disease of 
fowls. 

Roussel's sign (roo'-sel). A sharp pain caused on 
light percussion, in the subclavicular region between 
the clavicle and the third or fourth rib, originating 3 
to 4 cm. from the median line and extending to and 
beyond the shoulder and the supraspinal fossa; it is 
observed in incipient tuberculosis. 

routinist (roo-te'-nist) [route, a beaten path]. A 
physician who does not deviate in his treatment from 
an unvarying routine. 

Roux's serum (roo) [Pierre Paul Emile Roux, 
French bacteriologist, 1853- ]. An antitetanic se- 
rum. R.'s unit, one mil of an antitoxic (antitetanic) 
serum should be sufficient to protect 1,000,000 
grammes of guinea-pig against the minimum lethal 
dose of tetanus toxin. 

Roux's sign of suppurative appendicitis (roo). 
On palpation the empty cecum presents a special soft 
resistance comparable to that of a wet pasteboard 
tube. 

Rovighi's sign. Hydatid fremitus ; a thrill observed 
on combined palpation and percussion in cases of 
superficial hydatid cyst of the liver. 

Rovsing's sign (Niels Thorkild Rovsing, Danish 
surgeon, 1862- ]. Pressure on the descending colon 
at a point corresponding to McBurney's point will, 
in case of appendicitis, cause pain at McBurney's 
point. 

R. S. A. An abbreviation for right sacroanterior 
position of the fetus. 

R. S. P. An abbreviation for right sacroposterior 
position of the fetus. 

Ru. Chemical symbol for ruthenium. 

rubber (rub'-er). The elastica of the U. S. P. The 
prepared milk-juice of several species of Hevea. Syn., 
caoutchouc; India-rubber ; Para rubber, r.-dam, a 
sheet of rubber used to confine the flow of secretions 
or of discharges from a wound, r. tissue, gutta-per- 
cha in sheets. 

rubedo (roo-be'-do) [ruber, red]. Any diffused red- 
ness of the skin. 

rubefacient (roo-be-fa'-she-ent) [ruber; facer e, to 
make]. 1. Causing redness of the skin. 2. An agent 
that causes redness of the skin. 

rubella (rco-bel'-ah) [dim. of rubeola]. An acute 
26 



contagious eruptive disease, of short duration and 
mild character. After a period of incubation varying 
from one to three weeks, the disease sets in abruptly 
with pains in the limbs, sore throat, and slight fever. 
The eruptions appear at the end of the first day, and 
consists of red papules, and disappears usually with- 
out desquamation in about three days. The disease 
is associated with enlargement of the superficial cer- 
vical and posterior auricular glands. Syn., epidemic 
roseola; French measles; German measles; rotheln. 

rubeola (roo-be'-o-lah) . See measles, r. notha, same 
as rubella. 

rubeolin (roo-be'-ol-in) [rubeola], A name given to 
the specific toxin of measles. 

rubescence (roo-bes'-ens) [rubescere, to become red]. 
Blushing; redness of countenance or complexion. 

rubescent (roo-bes' -ent) [rubescere, to become red]. 
Growing red. 

rubia (roo'-be-ah). The Rubia tinctorum or dyers' 
madder, containing the coloring principles alizarin 
(C14H8O4) and purpurin (CiiHsOs). It is used as a 
dye. 

rubidium (roo-bid' -e-um) [rubidus, red]. A rare al- 
kaline metal, resembling potassium in physical and 
chemical properties; its salts are used in medicine. 
See elements, table of. 

rubiginous (roo-bij'-in-us) [rubiginosus, rusty]. 
Rust-colored. 

rubigo (roo-bi'-go) [L.]. Rust. 

rubijervine (roo-bij-er'-vin) [rubeus, red; jerva, green 
hellebore root]. C26H43NO2. An alkaloid of ver- 
atrum album. 

rubin (roo' -bin). Synonym of fuchsin. 

Rubner's test for carbon monoxide in the blood 
(roob'ner) [MaxRubner, German physiologist, 1854- ]• 
Agitate the blood with 4 or 5 volumes of solution of lead 
acetate for one minute. If the blood contains CO, 
it will retain its bright color; if it does not, it will turn 
chocolate-brown. R.'s test for glucose, add to the 
liquid an excess of lead acetate; filter, and add to the 
filtrate ammonium hydrate until no further precipi- 
tate is produced. Warm gently, when the precipitate 
formed will gradually become pink; this color de- 
creases on standing. 

rubor (roo'-bor) [L.]. Redness or discoloration due 
to inflammation, r., regional, isolated spots which 
become red, with elevation of temperature, observed 
after local cyanosis. 

rubrescin (roo-bres'-in). A combination of resor- 
cinol, 50 Gm., and chloral hydrate, 25 Gm. It is 
used in 1% solution as an indicator for alkalimetry 
and acidimetry. 

rubrin (roo'-brin). See hematin. 

rubrol (roo'-brol). A solution used by injection in 
gonorrhea, and said to consist of boric acid, thymol, 
and a coal-tar derivative in water. 

rubrospinal tract. Monakow's bundle. 

rubrum (roo' -brum) [ruber, red]. The preferred 
name for the nucleus ruber. 

rubus (roo' -bus) [L.]. Blackberry. A genus of 
plants of the order Rosacea. The rubus of the U. S. 
P. is the dried bark of the rhizome of R. villosus, R. 
nigrobaccus, and R. cuneifolius. It is used as an 
astringent tonic in diarrhea. Dose 20-30 gr. (1.3- 
2.0 Gm.). r., fluidextract of (fluidextr actum rubi 
U. S. P.). Dose |-i dr. (2-4 Cc). r., syrup of (syru- 
pus rubi, U. S. P.). Dose 1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc). The 
fruit of R. idceus, the raspberry, is used to prepare 
syrupus rubi idcei, which is used as a tonic. 

nictation (ruk-ta'-shun). An eructation or belch- 
ing of wind. * 

ructus (ruk'-tus) [L.]. A belching of gas from the 
stomach, r. hystericus, hysteric belching, the gas 
escaping with a loud, sobbing, gurgling noise. 

rudimentary (roo-dim-en'-ta-re) [rudimentum, a rudi- 
ment]. Undeveloped; unfinished. 

rudimentum [L.; pi., rudimenta]. A rudiment. 

rue (roo) [pvrri, rue]. A plant, Ruta graveolens, of 
the order Rutacea, yielding an oil (oleum ruta, B. P.) 
which is a local irritant and has been employed in 
amenorrhea and menorrhagia. Dose 2-5 min. (0.13- 
0.32 Cc). 

Ruffini's end organs (roof-fe'-ne) [Angelo Ruffini, 
Italian anatomist]. Small bodies found in the skin 
where Pacinian corpuscles exist; they are made up of 
the terminal arborizations of a nerve and a fibrous 
framework. 

Rufus's pills. Pills of aloes and myrrh. 

ruga (roo'-gah) [L. ; pi., ruga,]. 1. A wrinkle, furrow, 
crease, or ridge, as e. g., in the mucosa of the stomach. 



RUGITUS 



770 



RYTIDOSIS 



vagina, etc. 2. A fold of pia on the ental surface of 
the piarachnoid. rugae, palatal, the elevations upon 
the mucous covering of the hard palate; they assist 
in speech and deglutition. 

rugitus (roo-gi'-tus). See bombus. 

rugose (roo'-gos) [ruga]. Characterized by folds. 

rugosity (roo-gos'-it-e) [ruga], A condition of being 
in folds. 

rugous (roo'-gus) . See rugose. 

Ruhmkorff's coil (room'-korf) [Heinrich Daniel 
Ruhmkorff, German physicist, 1823-1887]. An in- 
duction coil. 

rum [abb. from ME. rumbooze, alcoholic liquor]. 
A spirit obtained from the molasses of the sugar-cane 
by fermentation and distillation. 

rumbling (rum'-bling). See borborygmus. 

rum-blossom, a pimple on the nose caused by ex- 
cessive drinking; rum-bud; acne rosacea, r.-bud, see 
r.-blossom. 

rumen (r 00' -men) [L.]. The first stomach of rumi- 
nants, also Called the paunch, from which the food is 
returned to the mouth for remastication. 

rumenotomy (roo-men-ot'-o-me) [rumen, the gullet; 
rkfiveiv, to cut]. Incision of the rumen or paunch of 
an animal. 

rumex (roo'-meks) [L.]. Yellow dock, a genus of 
plants of the order Polygonacece. The root of R. cris- 
pus is astringent and tonic, and has been employed 
externally and internally in various diseases of the 
skin. Dose of the extract 1 dr. (4 Cc). 

rumicin (roo'-mis-in). Chrysophanic acid. 

rumin (roo'-min) [rumex], A precipitate from a 
tincture of the root of Rumex crispus. It is anti- 
scorbutic, alterative and astringent. 

rumination (roo-min-a'-shun). See merycism. 

Rummo's disease {room' -mo) [Gaetano Rummo, 
Italian physician]. Cardioptosis. 

rump [Icel., rumpr]. The region near the end of 
the backbone; the buttocks or nates. 

Rumpel-Leede sign (room' -pel-la' -deh) [O. Rumpel, 
C. Leede, German physicians]. A bandage is placed 
half way up the arm, drawn tight enough to produce 
a decided blue discoloration of the forearm, and left 
in place from three to eight minutes; petechias then 
appear on the anterior surface of the elbow joint. It 
is observed in scarlet fever and other exanthemata. 

Rumpf 's sign [Theodor Rumpf, German physician, 
1851- ]. Fibrillary twitching of muscles in trau- 
matic neurosis. 

run. In pathology, to discharge pus or purulent 
matter from a diseased part, r.-around, see parony- 
chia. 

Runeberg's type of pernicious anemia (roo'-na- 
berg). [Johan Wilhelm Runeberg, Finnish physician, 
1843- ]. A form of pernicious anemia with remis- 
sions. 

Runge's method (roon'-geh). A method of dressing 
the umbilical cord. The stump is powdered with a 
mixture of boric acid and starch, one part to 
three. 

rupia (roo'-pe-ah) [pviros, filth]. A form of eruption 
occurring especially in tertiary syphilis, and charac- 
terized by the formation of large, dirty-brown, strati- 
fied, conic crusts. 

rupial (roo'-pe-al) [rupia]. Resembling or char- 
acterized by rupia. 

rupophobia (roo-po-fo'-be-ah). See rhypophobia. 

ruptio (rup'-she-o) [rumpere, to break]. Rupture 
of a vessel or organ. 

rupture (rup'-tur) [rumpere, to break]. 1. A for- 
cible tearing of a part, as rupture of the uterus, rup- 
t ure of the bladder. 2. Hernia. 



ruptured (rup'-turd) [rumpere, to break]. Burst; 
affected with hernia. 

Kusconi's anus (roos-ko'-ne) [Mauro Rusconi, Italian 
biologist, 1776-1849]. The blastopore. 

Russell's bodies [William Russell, Scotch phy- 
sician]. Fuchsin bodies. Roundish colloid or hya- 
line bodies, of varying size, found in a variety of con- 
ditions, notably in carcinomatous growths and certain 
morbid changes of the mucosa of the nose and stom- 
ach. 

Russian oil. A pure petroleum, odorless and 
tasteless, and said to have been refined in Russia. 

Russo's reaction (roos'-so) [Mario Russo, Italian 
physician]. To 4 or 5 Cc. of the patient's urine add 
four drops of a 0.1 per cent, aqueous solution of 
methylene blue; mix well and examine against the 
light; a mint or emerald green coloration is positive, 
but a bluish tinge renders the test negative. The 
reaction is said to be positive in typhoid, smallpox, 
measles, and advanced tuberculosis. 

rust [AS.]. 1. The oxide and hydroxide of iron 
formed on the surface of iron exposed to the air. 2. 
A disease common on cereals, causing rust-like masses 
to break out on the tissues of the plant. 

Rust's disease [Johann Nepomuk Rust, German 
physician, 1775-1840]. Tuberculous spondylitis af- 
fecting the first and second cervical vertebrae. R.'s 
symptoms, at every change of position of the body a 
patient suffering from caries or carcinoma of the upper 
cervical vertebrae supports his head with the hand. 

rusty (rus'-te) . Of the nature or appearance of rust. 
r. expectoration, the common name for the usual form 
of expectoration in croupous pneumonia, due to the 
presence of a small amount of blood in the sputa. 

rut (rut) [OF., "a roaring"]. 1. The state of con- 
comitant menstruation and ovulation in the lower 
animals. 2. The condition of a male animal in which 
it is capable of inseminating. 

ruta (roo'-tah). See rue. 

ruta graveolens. Rue; the leaves are used as an 
emmenagog. 

ruthenium (roo-the'-ne-um) [Ruthenia, a province of 
Russia]. A rare metal of the platinum group. Sym- 
bol, Ru; atomic weight, 101.7. Little is known of 
its medicainl properties. See elements, table of. 

Rutherford's solution. A decalcifying and hard- 
ening solution for tissue-specimens: chromic acid 1 
grm., water 200 Cc; then add 2 Cc. nitric acid. 

rutidosjs (roo-tid-o'-sis) [pvrls, a wrinkle]. A wrink- 
ling; the contraction or puckering of the cornea that 
just precedes death. 

rutin (roo'-tin) [ruta, rue]. A crystalline neutral 
substance obtained from the leaves of rue. 

Ruysch's glomerulus (rish) [Fredericus Ruysch, 
Dutch anatomist, 1638-1731]- See Malpighian tuft. 
R.'s membrane, the middle or capillary layer of the 
choroid. R.'s tube, a minute tubular cavity in the 
nasal septum, opening by a small, round orifice a 
little below and in front of the nasopalatine foramen. 
It is best seen in the fetus, and represents the rudi- 
mentary homologue of Jacobson's organ. R.'s uterine 
muscle, the muscular tissue of the fundus uteri; it was 
believed by Ruysch to act independently of the rest of 
the uterine muscle. 

rye (ri) [AS., ryge]. The plant Secale cereale and 
its grain. The grain is used in the manufacture of 
bread. 

rye asthma, a form of hay-fever occurring at the 
time of the flowering rye. r., ergot of, see ergot, r., 
spurred, same as ergot. 

rypia (ri'-pe-ah). See rupia. 

rytidosis corneae. See rutidosis. 



S. I. The chemical symbol of sulphur. 2. An ab- 
breviation in prescriptions, of signa, sign or label. 
S. romanum, the sigmoid flexure of the colon. 

s. Abbreviation of sinister, left; also of semis, half 
(usually ss). 

Sa. The chemical symbol of samarium. 

sabadilla (sab-ad-il'-ah). Cevadilla; Schcenocaulon 
officinale (Asagrcea officinalis), a plant of the order 
Melanthacece, containing the alkaloids veratrine, saba- 
dine, and sabadinine. It is an emetocathartic, and 
was formerly used as a teniacide and to destroy ver- 
min in the hair. Its chief value is as a source of 
veratrine. It is official in the B. P. 

sabadine (sab' -ad-en), C29H51NO8 (Merck). An 
alkaloid from the seeds of Schcenocaulon officinale, oc- 
curring in white, acicular crystals, soluble in water, 
alcohol, and ether; melts at 240°C. It is sternuta- 
tory. 

sabal (sab'-al). Saw-palmetto. The sabal of the 
U. S. P. is the partly dried ripe fruit of Serenoa ser- 
rulata. A fluidextract has been recommended in in- 
flammations of the genitourinary tract, atonic im- 
potence, and in bronchitis and pulmonary tubercu- 
losis. Dose 1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc). 

sabalol (sab'-al-ol). A substance prepared from 
the active principles of the saw-palmetto (Serenoa 
serrulata). 

Sabbatia (sab-a'-she-ah) [after Liberatus Sabati, an 
Italian botanist]. A genus of the order Gentianece. 
S. angularis is the American centaury. 

sabbattin (sab'-at-in). A glucoside obtained from 
Sabbatia elliottii, quinine flower; it is antiperiodic and 
antipyretic. 

saber shin. Term applied to the anterior border 
of the tibia, which has a sharp convex edge; found in 
hereditary syphilis. 

sabina (sa-bi'-nah). See savin. 

sabromine (sab'-ro-men). Trade name of a prep- 
aration of calcium, bromine and behenic acid; used 
as bromides in general. 

sabulous (sab'-u-lus) [sabulum, sand]. Gritty; 
sandy. 

sabulum conarii (sab'-u-lum ko-nar'-e-i) [L., sand 
of the conarium]. A sandy substance contained in 
the pineal gland. 

saburra (sab-ur'-ah) [L., "coarse sand"]. Foulness 
of the stomach or of the tongue or teeth; sordes. 

saburral (sab-ur'-al) [saburra]. 1. Pertaining to or 
affected with saburra. 2. Resembling or pertaining 
to coarse sand. 

sac (sak) [saccus, a bag]. The bag-like bulging or 
covering of a natural cavity, hernia, cyst, or_ tumor. 
s.s, air-, the air-cells of the lung, s., allantoic!, syn- 
onym of allaniois. s., amniotic, the amnion, s.s, 
auditory, the rudimentary organs of hearing of the 
embryo of certain vertebrates, s., conjunctival, that 
formed by reflection of the palpebral conjunctiva. 
s., dental, see dental sac. s., dorsal, a recess between 
the epiphysis cerebri and the roof of the third ven- 
tricle. Syn., suprapineal recess, s., embryonic, the 
sac -like stage of the embryo, which it presents early 
in its development, just after the abdominal plates 
have closed, s., endolymphatic, a sac of the dura 
included in the aqueduct of the vestibule. _ See under 
duct, endolymphatic, s. of the epididymis, the vis- 
ceral layer of the tunica vaginalis covering the epi- 
didymis, s., epiploic, see sac, omental, s., fetal. See 
s., gestation-, s., gestation-, the sac inclosing the 
embryo in ectopic pregnancy, s., hernial, the per- 
itoneal covering of a hernia, s., lacrimal, the dilated 
upper portion of the lacrimal duct, s., omental, 
the sac formed between the ascending and descending 
portions of the great omentum, s., pericardial, the 
pericardium, s., peritoneal, the cavity formed by 
the peritoneal serous membrane, s., pleural, the cav- 
ity formed by the pleura, s. of the pulmonary veins, 
the left auricle of the heart, s., serous, the closed 
cavity formed by any serous membrane, s., tubotym- 



panic, the diverticulum of the primitive gut forming 
the tympanic cavity and the Eustachian tube, s., 
umbilical, the umbilical vesicle, s. of the venae 
cava?, the right auricle of the heart, s., vitelline, the 
sac inclosing the vitellus or yolk in the embryo. 

saccade (sak-ahd') [F., saccade, pull, draw]. 
The involuntary jerk of deglutition. 

saccaneurysma (sak-an-u-riz'-mah) [<xoxkos, bag; 
evpweiv, to dilate]. A sacculated aneurysm. 

saccate, saccated (sak'-at, sak'-a-ted) [saccus, a 
sac]. Sac-shaped; contained in a sac; encysted. 

saccharated (sak'-ar-a-ted) [saccharin]. Containing 
sugar, s. ferrous carbonate (Jerri carbonas sacchara- 
tus, U. S. P.). Dose 4 gr. (0.25 Gm.). 

saccharide (sak'-ar-id) [ookxo-pov, sugar]. A com- 
pound of a base with sugar. A sucrate. See casein 
saccharide. 

saccharephidrosis (sak-ar-ef-id-ro'-sis) [aojcxapov, 
sugar; e<£i5p&<ns, ephidrosis]. A form of hyperidrosis 
characterized by the excretion of sugar in sweat. 

saccharic (sak-ar'-ik). Pertaining to or obtained 
from sugar. 

sacchariferous (sak-ar-if'-er-us) [saccharum, sugar; 
ferre, to bear]. Containing or producing sugar. 

saccharification (sak-ar-if-ik-a'-shun) [saccharin ; 
facer e, to make]. The act of converting into 
sugar. 

saccharimeter (sak-ar-im'-et-er) [saccharin; p.krpov, 
a measure]. An apparatus for determining the 
amount of sugar in solutions, either in the form of a 
hydrometer, which indicates the strength in sugar 
by the specific gravity of the solution; or of a polari- 
meter, which indicates the strength in sugar by the 
number of degrees of rotation of the plane of polariza- 
tion, s. test, a solution of dextrose rotates the plane 
of polarized light to the right. 

saccharimetry (sak-ar-im'-et-re) [saccharum; p.krpov, 
measure]. The operation or art of ascertaining the 
amount or proportion of sugar in solution in any 
liquid. 

saccharin (sak'-ar-in) [aaxxapov, sugar], C7H5SO3N. 
A crystalline substance nearly 280 times sweeter 
than cane-sugar, and used as a substitute for the 
latter in diabetes. It is also employed as an anti- 
septic. Syn., benzoyl sulphonicimide ; glucusimide; 
gluside ; orthosulphaminbenzoic anhydride ; saccharinol ; 
saccharinose ; sycose; zuckerin. s.-sodium, a soluble 
powder containing 90 % of saccharin; used as an 
intestinal antiseptic. Dose 15 gr. (1 Gm.) once or 
twice daily, s. soluble. Same as sodium saccharin. 

saccharine (sak'-ar-in) [saccharum]. Containing 
sugar; sugary; as sweet as sugar. 

saccharins (sak'-ar-ins). A name given to the 
lactones of the saccharic acids. 

saccharobacillus (sak-ar-o-bas-il'-us). See bacillus 
pasteurianus, in table of bacteria. 

saccharobiose (sak-ar-o-bi'-os). A disaccharid, 
with the formula C12H22O11. 

saccharogalactorrhea, saccharogalactorrhoea (sak- 
ar-o-gal-ak-tor-e'-ah) [saccharum; ya\a, milk; pola, a 
flow]. The excretion of an excess of sugar with the 
milk. 

saccharogen (sak'-ar-o-jen) [aaKxapov, sugar; -yewav, 
to produce]. A material found in milk and con- 
vertible into lactose. A glucoside. 

saccharometer (sak-ar-om'-et-er). See sacchari- 
meter. 

Saccharomyces (sak-ar-o-mi'-sez) [saccharum ; hvkt^s, 
a fungus]. A genus of unicellular vegetable organ- 
isms, of which the yeast-plant is a common example. 
S. albicans, same as Oidium albicans, the fungus of 
thrush. S. cerevisiae, the ferment of beer-yeast. 
S. granulomatosus, Sanfelice (1898) obtained from 
granulomatous nodule of a pig. Inoculated in swine, 
it produced similar lesions, but was not pathogenic 
to other animals. S. lithogenes, Sanfelice (1895), 
from a carcinomatous metastasis in an ox, the 
primary tumor occurring in the liver. It killed white 



SACCHAROMYCOSIS 



772 



SACROSPINAL 



mice in 8 days after subcutaneous inoculation. 
S. neoformans, Sanfelice (1895), isolated from fer- 
menting grape-juice. It produced nodules in all 
organs of guinea-pigs except brain, heart, and 
suprarenals; death occurred in 20 to 30 days after 
inoculation. He emphasized the similarity of the 
organisms to the so-called coccidia of cancers. S. 
niger, isolated from the tissue of a guinea-pig which 
died of marasmus. It produced enlargement of 
lymph-glands and suppuration at the point of inocu- 
lation in guinea-pigs, rabbits, chickens, and dogs. 
S. ruber, Demme (1891), a red, budding fungus 
found in milk, which produced gastroenteritis in 
children. Shown by Casagrandi (1897) to be patho- 
genic for guinea-pigs, dogs, and mice when inoculated 
subcutaneously or into the abdomen. S. septicus, 
de Galtano, found in urinary sediment. An excep- 
tionally virulent species producing fatal fibrinous 
peritonitis and septicemia in guinea-pigs in 12 hours. 
S. theobromse, the yeast causing the fermentation 
in the curing of cacao. S. tumefaciens albus, 
Foulerton, isolated from patients in cases of pharyn- 
gitis. 

saccharomycosis (sak-ar-o-mi-ko'-sis). A patho- 
logical condition due to yeasts or saccharomyces, 
s. hominis, a name given by Busse (1894) to pyemia 
produced by a pathogenic yeast. Syn., saccharo- 
mycosis subcutaneous tumefaciens, Curtis. 

saccharorrhea, saccharorrhcea (sak-ar-or-e'-ah) 
[acuixapop, sugar; pola, flow]. The secretion of sac- 
charine fluid. Glycosuria, s. cutanea. See sacchare- 
phidrosis. s. lactea. See saccharogalactorrhea. s. 
pulmonalis, the exudation of sweetish sputa, s. 
urinosa. See diabetes mellitus. 

saccharoscope (sak'-ar-o-skop) [saccharum ; oKoirelv, 
to view]. An instrument for determining and 
registering the amount of sugar in the urine. 

saccharose (sak'-ar-os) [saccharum]. 1. C12H22O11. 
A crystalline carbohydrate, cane-sugar, occurring 
in the juice of many plants, chiefly in sugar-cane, 
in some varieties of maple, and in beet-root; it melts 
at 160 C; at i90°-200° C. it changes into a brown, 
noncrystallizable mass called caramel, used in coloring 
liquids. It is not directly fermentable, and does 
not reduce alkaline copper solutions. 2. Any one 
of a group of carbohydrates isomeric with cane- 
sugar. 

saccharosuria (sak-ar-o-su'-re-ah) [saccharose; ovpov, 
urine]. The presence of saccharose in the urine. 

saccharum (sak'-ar-um) [aaKxapov, sugar], C12H22O11, 
sugar. The sugar of the pharmacopeia {saccharum, 
U. S. P. ; saccharum purificatum, B. P.) is the refined 
sugar obtained from s. officinarum and from various 
species of sorghum. See saccharose (1). s. album, 
white or pure crystallized sugar, s. canadense, 
maple-sugar, obtained from Acer saccharinum. 
s. candidum, rock-candy, s. lactis, sugar of milk, 
s. purificatum, pure white sugar. 

saccharure (sak'-ar-ur) [saccharum]. A prepara- 
tion obtained by saturating sugar with a tincture, 
then drying, and pulverizing. 

sacchorrhea, sacchorrhcea (sak-or-e'-ah) [sac- 
charum; pelv, to flow]. Glycosuria. 

sacchulose (sak'-ii-lds). A product resulting 
from the treatment of sawdust with a weak solution 
of sulphurous acid under a pressure of about 100 lb. 
to the square inch (Classen Process). It has been 
proposed as a food stuff. 

sacciform (sak'-sif-orm) [sac; forma, form]. Re- 
sembling a sac. s. disease of the anus, distention 
and inflammation of the pouches of the rectum. 

saccular (sak'-u-lar) [sac]. Sac-shaped, as a 
saccular aneurysm. 

sacculated (sak'-u-la-ted) [sac]. Divided into 
small sacs. 

sacculation {sak-u-la'-shun) [sac]. 1. The state of 
being sacculated. 2. The formation of small sacs. 

saccule (sak'-ul) [sacculus, dim. of sac, a sac]. 
1. A small sac. 2. The smaller of two vestibular 
sacs of the membranous labyrinth of the ear. See 
sacculus labyrinthi. 

sacculocochlear (sak-u-lo-kok'-le-ar). Relating to 
the saccule of the vestibule and the cochlea. 

sacculus (sak'-H-lus). A saccule, s. alveolaris, 
an air cell. s. buccalis, hanging cheek or pouch, 
in animals, s. caecalis, s. laryngis, the laryngeal 
pouch between the superior vocal bands and the inner 
surface of the thyroid cartilage, sacculi chalicophori, 
the lacunae of bone. s. chylifer, s. rorifer, the recep- 
taculum chyli. s. cordis, the pericardium, s. ellip- 



ticus, s. hemiellipticus. See utricle, s., Horner's, 
the anal pocket; a saccular fold of the rectal mucosa, 
s. labyrinthi, s. proprius, s. rotundus, s. sphaericus, 
the saccule of the vestibule. 

saccus (sak'-us) [L.J. A sac. s. endolymphaticus, 
a small sac contained in the aqueduct of the vestibule 
and serving to establish a communication between 
the endolymph and the subdural space, s. lacri- 
malis, the lacrimal sac. s. reuniens, the sinus veno- 
sus. s. vitellinus, the vitelline sac. 

sacer (sa'-ser) [L.]. Sacred, s. ignis, erysipelas, 
s. morbus, epilepsy. 

sachet (sash-a') [saccus, a sac]. A small bag of 
perfumed or medicated substances, s. resolutif 
(Fr.), a sachet of equal parts of sal ammoniac, iron 
sulphate, and calcium sulphate. 

Sachsse's solution (sak'-seh) [Georg Robert 
Sachsse, German chemist, 1840-1895]. See under 
S.'s test. S.'s test, a quantitative test for the deter- 
mination of sugar in urine, consisting in the reduction 
of the test solution, a solution of red iodide of mercury 
18 Gm., potassium iodide 25 Gm., potassium hydrox- 
ide 80 Gm., water to make a liter. The end of the 
reaction is ascertained by means of a solution of 
stannous chloride, supersaturated with sodium 
hydroxide. 

sack (sak) [siccus, dry]. 1. An old name for dry 
Spanish and Canary wine;s herry. 2. Synonym of sac. 

sacrache (sak'-rak) [sacrum; ache]. Sacral pain 
in the gravid woman. 

sacrad (sa'-krad) [sacrum, the sacrum]. Toward 
the sacral aspect. 

sacral (sa'-kral) [sacrum]. Pertaining to the 
sacrum, s. bone. See sacrum. s. canal. See 
canal, s. cornua. See cornu. s. flexure, the curve 
of the rectum in front of the sacrum, s. foramen. 
See foramen, s. groove. See groove, s. index, the 
sacral breadth multiplied by 100, and divided by the 
sacral length, s. nerves. See nerves, s. plexus, 
See plexus. 

sacralgia (sa-kral '-je-ah) [sacrum, sacrum; &\yos, 
pain]. Pain in the sacrum; hieralgia. 

sacra media (sa'-krah me'-de-ah) [arteria, under- 
stood]. The artery running down the middle of the 
anterior surface of the sacrum and representing the 
termination of the aorta. 

sacrectomy (sa-krek'-to-me) [sacrum; enron-h, ex- 
cision]. Excision of part of the sacrum. See opera- 
tion, Kraske's. 

sacred (sa'-kred). Hallowed; holy. s. bark. See 
cascara sagrada. s. malady. Synonym of epilepsy. 

sacren {sa'-kren) [sacrum, sacrum]. Belonging to 
the sacrum in itself. 

sacriplex (sa'-krip-leks) [sacrum, plexus]. The 
sacral plexus of nerves. 

sacro- (sa-kro-) [sacrum]. A prefix denoting re- 
lating to the sacrum. 

sacroanterior (sa-kro-an-te'-re-or). Applied to a 
fetus having the sacrum directed forward. 

sacrococcygeal (sa-kro-kok-sij'-e-al) [sacro-; coccyx]. 
Pertaining to the sacrum and the coccyx. 

sacrocoxalgia {sa-kro-koks-aV -je-ah). See sacro- 
iliac disease. 

sacrocoxitis (sa-kro-koks-i'-tis). See sacroiliac 
disease. 

sacrodynia (sa-kro-din'-e-ah) [sacro-; bhvvri, pain]. 
Pain referred to the region of the sacrum in cases of 
hysteria or neurasthenia. 

sacroiliac (sa-kro-il'-e-ak) [sacro-; ilium]. % Per- 
taining to the sacrum and the ilium, s. disease, 
an inflammation, usually tuberculous, of the sacro- 
iliac joint, characterized by pain, tenderness, and 
swelling and elongation of the limb. s. synchon- 
drosis, the junction of the sacrum and ilium. 

sacrolumbalis (sa-kro-lum-ba'-lis). See under 
muscle. 

sacrolumbar {sa-kro-lum'-bar) [sacro-; lumbus, 
loin]. Pertaining to the sacrum and the loins, s. 
angle, the angle formed by the articulation of the 
sacrum and the last lumbar vertebra. 

sacroposterior (sa-kro-pos-te'-re-or) [sacro-; pos- 
terior]. Of the fetus, having the sacrum directed 
backward. 

sacropromontory (sa-kro-prom'-on-lo-re). The pro- 
montory of the sacrum. 

sacrosciatic (sa-kro-si-at'-ik) [sacro-; sciatic]. Per- 
taining to the sacrum and the ischium, as the sacro- 
sciatic notch, sacrosciatic ligaments. 

sacrospinal {sa-kro-spi'-nal) [sacrum; spina, spine]. 
Pertaining to the sacrum and the spine. 



SACROSPINALIS 



773 



SALACTOL 



sacrospinalis {sa-kro-spi-na'-lis) [sacro-; spine]. 
The erector spinae muscle. 

sacrotomy (sa-krot'-o-me) [sacro-; rkpvetv, to cut]. 
Excision of the lower portion of the sacrum. 

sacrouterine (sa-kro-u'-ter-in). Pertaining to the 
sacrum and the uterus. 

sacrovertebral (sa-kro-ver'-te-bral) [sacro-; vertebra]. 
Pertaining to the sacrum and the vertebrae, s. angle, 
the promontory of the sacrum. 

sacrum (sa'-krum) [sacer, sacred; os, bone, under- 
stood]. A curved triangular bone composed of five 
united vertebra?, situated between the last lumbar 
vertebra above, the coccyx below, and the ossa 
innominata on each side, and forming the posterior 
boundary of the pelvis. 

sactosalpinx (sak-to-saV -pinks) [<tolkt6s, crammed; 
<ra\iriy£, tube]. The obstruction of a Fallopian 
tube and consequent distention from retained 
secretion, s. hemorrhagica. See hematosalpinx. 

saddle (sad'-l) [ME., sadel]. A contrivance secured 
on the back of a horse or other animal to serve as a 
seat for a rider, s.-arch, that form of dental vault 
the section of which represents the shape of a saddle. 
s.-back, lordosis, s.-bags, a pair of leathern cases, 
formerly, and still locally, carried by physicians 
upon the saddle, and containing their medicines and 
instruments, s.-head. See clinocephalus. s.-joint, 
an articulation in which each surface is concave in 
one direction and convex in the other, s.-nose, a 
nose of which the bridge is sunken in. s., Turkish. 
See sella turcica. 

sadism (sa'-dizm) [Donatien Alphonse Frangois, 
Marquis de Sade, 1740-1814]. Sexual perversion 
in which pleasure is derived from inflicting cruelty 
upon another. 

sadist (sa'-dist). One affected with sadism. 

sadistic (sa-dis'-tik). Pertaining to sadism. 

Saemisch's operation (sa'-mish) [Edwin Theodor 
Saemisch, Austrian ophthalmologist, 1833-1909]. 
For hypopyon ulcer: the cornea is transfixed, and the 
intervening tissue, including the base of the ulcer, 
is divided by cutting outward. S.'s ulcer, a serpi- 
ginous infecting ulcer of the cornea. 

Saenger's macula (seng'-er) [Max Saenger, Austrian 
gynecologist and obstetrician, 1853-1903]. A bright 
red spot marking the orifice of the duct of Bartholin's 
gland in cases of gonorrheal vulvitis. Syn., macula 
gonorrhceica. 

Saenger's pupil reaction. For the differential dia- 
gnosis of cerebral syphilis and tabes; in amaurosis 
and optic atrophy of cerebral syphilis the pupil 
reflex to light may be preserved and even increased 
after a protracted stay in the dark, which is never 
the case in tabes dorsalis. 

saepimentum (se-pe-men'-tum) [soepire, to fence]. 

1. The tissue enclosing the three umbilical vessels. 

2. Pons Varolii. 

saeptum (sep'-tum). See septum. 

safnower (saf'-low-er). See carthamus. s. carmin. 
Same as carthamin. 

saffron (saf'-ron) [Ar., zafardn, saffron]. The 
Crocus sativus, a plant of the order Iridece. Its 
stigma (crocus, B. P.) contains a glucoside, coloring- 
matter (crocin), and a bitter principle. Saffron is 
used as a coloring and flavoring agent, and in the 
form of a tea to bring out the eruption of the exan- 
thematous diseases, s., American. See carthamus. 
s., meadow. See colchicum. s. substitute. Same as 
Victoria yellow, s.-tea. See carthamus. s.-yellow. 
Same as Martius's yellow. 

safranine, safranin (saf-ra-nin) [saffron], C18H18N4. 
A coal-tar dye used in microscopy, especially in 
studying karyokinesis. It is a powerful cardiac 
and respiratory poison. 

safranophile (sa-fran'-of-fil) [Fr., safran, saffron; 
<j>iKeZv, to love]. In bacteriology, or histology, 
applied to microbes or histological elements that show 
a peculiar affinity for safranine. 

safrene (saf'-ren) [saffron], CioHie. A hydro-, 
carbon obtained from sassafras. 

safrol (saf'-rol) [saffron; oleum, oil]. Safrolum 
(U. S. P.), C10H10O2. The stearoptene of sassafras 
oil, used in headache, neuralgia, and rheumatism. 
Dose 10-20 min. (0.65-1.3 Cc). 

sagapenum (sag-a-pe'-num). A fetid gum-resin 
believed to be the concrete juice of Ferula persica. 
Its properties resemble those of asafetida and gal- 
banum. 

sage (saj) [salvia]. Salvia officinalis, a plant of 
the order Labiata. Its leaves (saliva, U. S. P.) 



contain several terpenes, an oil, salviol, CioHieO, 
and camphor. Sage is tonic, astringent and aro- 
matic, is used in dyspepsia. Was formerly em- 
ployed in colliquative sweats. Dose 20-30 gr. 
(1.3-2.0 Gm.). 

sage-femme (sahzj-fam') [Fr., literally, a wise 
woman]. A midwife. 

sagittal (saj'-it-al) [sagitta, an arrow]. 1. Arrow- 
like, as the sagittal suture of the skull. 2. Pertaining 
to the anteroposterior median plane of the body, 
s. furrow, a channel extending along the median 
line of the inner surface of the vault of the cranium, 
s. nucleus, that of the oculo-motor nerve, s. plane, 
the median plane of the body. s. section. See 
section, s. sinus, the longitudinal sinus, s. suture, 
the suture uniting the parietal bones. 

sago (sa'-go) [Malay, sagu]. A food and demul- 
cent, s.-spleen, a spleen presenting on section the 
appearance of sago-grains, as a result of amyloid 
degeneration of the Malpighian bodies, s.-grain, 
a vesicular granulation of the eyelid, seen in granular 
ophthalmia. 

Sagotia racemosa (sa-go'-she-ah ras-e-mo'-sah). A 
South American species of the order Euphorbiacece, 
used as a tonic and aphrodisiac. 

sagradin (sag'-rah-din). The proprietary name 
for a 20 % solution of extract of cascara sagrada with 
spirit of peppermint. 

Sahli's desmoid test (sah'-le) [Hermann Sahli, 
German physician, 1856- ]. For estimating the 
functional activity of the stomach. A pill of 0.05 
Gm. of methylene-blue and 0.1 Gm. of iodoform 
is inclosed in a bag of rubber-dam and tied with 
dry catgut. The gut is digested by gastric juices 
and not by pancreatic juices. The pill is then ab- 
sorbed and in about 6 hours the urine is green. 
The iodine will be found in the saliva in two hours. 

Saigon cinnamon. A variety of cinnamon (cinna- 
momum saigonicum, U. S. P.) obtained from Saigon, 
the capital of French Cochin-China. See cinnamon. 

St. Anthony's fire. Erysipelas; anthrax. 

St. Gothard's disease. Ankylostomiasis. 

St. Hubert's disease. Hydrophobia. 

St. Ignatius' bean. See ignatia. 

St. Roch's disease. Bubo. 

St. Sement's disease. Syphilis. 

St. Vitus' dance. See chorea. St. Vitus' dance of 
the voice, stammering. 

saiodine (sa-i'-o-den). Trade name of a prepara- 
tion containing calcium, iodine and behenic acid. 

sajodin (sah-yo'-din). See saiodine. 

sake (sah'-ka) [Jap.]. Japanese rice-beer or other 
alcoholic beverage. 

sal [L.]. 1. Salt. 2. Any substance resembling 
salt. s. acetosellae, potassium binoxalate. s. aera- 
tus. 1. Sodium bicarbonate. 2. Potassium bicar- 
bonate, s. alembroth. See alembroth. s. amarum, 
magnesium sulphate, s. ammoniac, ammonium chlo- 
ride, s. communis. See salt, common, s. de duobus, 
potassium sulphate, s. enixum, potassium bisul- 
phate. s. Glauberi. See salt, Glauber's, s. kissing- 
ense, a salt obtained from the mineral springs of 
Kissingen, in Bavaria, s. polychrest, potassium sul- 
phate with sulphur, s. prunellas, s. prunelle. 1. 
A fused mixture of potassium nitrate, 128 parts, 
and sulphur, 1 pait. 2. Fused potassium nitrate, 
s. rupium, rock-salt. s. seignette, potassium and 
sodium tartrate, s. sodas. See salt of soda. s. 
volatile, ammonium carbonate, or aromatic spirit of 
ammonia. 

Sala's cells. Stellate connective-tissue cells found 
in the network of fibers forming the sensory nerve- 
endings in the pericardium. 

salaam convulsion (sa-lahm') [Ar., salam, saluting]. 
A clonic spasm of the muscles of the trunk, producing 
a bowing movement; it is usually due to hysteria. 

salacetin (sal-as' -et-in). Trade name of phenyl- 
aminoacetosalicylate; said to be antiseptic and anal- 
gesic. 

salacetol (sal-as' -et-ol) [salix, willow; acetum, vine- 
gar]. The salicylic acid ester of acetone-alcohol. 
It is proposed as a substitute for sodium salicylate and 
salol. It has been recommended as an intestinal 
and genito-urinary antiseptic, and for the treatment 
of acute or chronic rheumatism. Dose, 30-45 grains. 

salacious (sa-la' -se-us) [salax, lustful]. Lustful. 

salacity (sa-las'-it-e) [salax, lustful]. Lustful or 
venereal desire. 

salactol (sal-ak'-tol). A combination of the sodium 
salts of salicyclic and lactic acids dissolved in a 1 % 



SAL AM IDE 



774 



SALIVA 



solution of hydrogen dioxide; it is recommended in 
diphtheria. The solution is applied as a spray or 
with a brush, and given internally in doses of a 
tablespoonful (15 Cc). 

salamide (sal'-am-id). An amidogen derivative of 
salicylic acid, which it closely resembles in therapeutic 
properties, but acts more promptly and in smaller 



salantol (sal-an'-tol). See salacetol. 

salborol (sal-bo' -rol). A compound of phenyl 
salicylate and boric acid, used in rheumatism. 

salbromalide (sal-bro' -mal-id) . See antinervin. 

saldanin (sal'-dan-in). A local anesthetic said to 
be prepared from Datura arborea. 

salen (sal' -en). Trade name of a mixture of 
methyl and ethyl glycolic esters; soluble in ether, 
alcohol and castor-oil. 

salenal (sal'-en-al). Trade name of an ointment 
containing 33.3 per cent of salen. 

salenders (sal'-en-derz). See malandri. 

salep (sal'-ep) [Ar., sahleb]. The dried tubers 
of various species of the genus Orchis and the genus 
Eulophia. It is used as a food, like sago and tapioca. 

saleratus (sal-er-a'-tus) [sal, aeratus, aerated salt]. 
Properly, sal-aeratus. Potassium bicarbonate; also, 
sodium bicarbonate. 

salethyl (sal-eth'-il). A proprietary preparation 
said to be pure ethyl salicylate. 

salhypnone (sal-hip' -non), CeHiCKCOCeHOCOO- 
CH3. A benzoylmethylsalicylic ester; long colorless 
needles, insoluble in water, sparingly soluble in al- 
cohol and ether; melts at Ii3°-ii4°. It is used as an 
antiseptic. 

salicamar (sal-ik'-am-ar), CH2OH . CHOH . CH 2 - 
O . C 6 H 4 CO . CH 2 . CHOH . CH2OH. A glycerol 
ether of glycerolsalicylic acid; recommended as a 
stomachic and antirheumatic. 

salicin (sal'-is-in) [salix, willow], C13H18O7. A 
crystalline glucoside found in the bark and leaves of 
the willow. Salicin (salicinum, U. S. P., B. P.) 
is used as a substitute for salicylic acid in doses of 
5-30 gr. (0.3-2.0 Gm.); maximum daily dosage 150 
gr. (9.7 Gm.). 

salicol (sal'-ik-ol). A proprietary solution said to 
consist of methyl-alcohol, salicylic acid, and oil of 
wintergreen in water; used as an antiseptic and cos- 
metic. 

salicyl (sal'-is-il) [salicylic acid], C7H5O2. The 
hypothetical radical of salicylic acid. s. acetate, 
C2H3 . O . C7H5O2O, acetosalicylic anhydride, s. 
acetol, salactol. s.-anilide, salifebrine. s. bro- 
manilide, same as antinervine. s.-creosote, a paste 
prescribed by Unna in skin diseases, consisting of a 
mixture of salicylic acid, creosote, wax, and cerate. 
s.-^-phenetidin. See malakin. s.-quinine salicylate. 
See saloquinine salicylate, s.-resorcinol, C13H10O4, 
obtained from salicylic acid and resorcinol with heat. 
It occurs in plates slightly soluble in water; melts 
at 133 C. _ It is antiseptic, antipyretic, and analgesic, 
and used in typhoid, diarrhea, etc. Dose 5-15 gr. 
(0.32-1.0 Gm.); maximum dose 15 gr. (1 Gm.) 
single; 60 gr. (4 Gm.) daily, s. urate, a salt of 
salicyluric acid. 

salicylage (sal'-is-il-aj) [salicylic dcid]. The addi- 
tion of salicylic acid to foods for their preservation. 

salicylamide (sal-is-il'-am-id) [salicylic acid], 
CsH4(OH)CONH2. A tasteless compound produced 
by treating methyl salicylate with an alcoholic solu- 
tion of ammonia, and used as a substitute for salicylic 
acid. 

salicylate (sal-is' -il-at) [salicylic acid]. A salt of 
salicylic acid. The salicylates of lithium, methyl, 
and sodium, which are official, and those of ammoni- 
um and strontium, which are unofficial, are used in 
rheumatism, in doses of 10-15 gr. (0.65-1.0 Gm.). 
Bismuth salicylate is employed as an intestinal anti- 
septic; naphthol salicylate is betol; phenyl salicylate 
is salol. 

salicylated (sal-is' -il-a-ted) . Impregnated with 
salicylic acid. # 

salicylic acid (sal-i-sil'-ik). See acid, salicylic. 
s.-acid glycerolester, recommended as a valuable 
antirheumatic remedy, s. alcohol. See saligenin. 
s. aldehyde, salicylous acid; used as an internal 
antiseptic. Dose 2-8 gr. (0.1-0.5 Gm.) daily. 
s.-amide. See salicylamide. s. amylester. See 
amyl salicylate, s. anhydride. See s. aldehyde. 
s. cream, an antiseptic mixture of powdered salicylic 
acid, 2 dr.; phenol, 1 dr.; glycerol, 10 dr. s. naph- 
thylic ester. See betol. s. phenylester. See salol. 



s. silk, a dressing made of silk waste impregnated 
with 10 % salicylic acid and a little glycerol, s. 
suet, one part of salicylic acid in 49 parts of mutton- 
suet; used as a dressing for sores, s. thymolester, 
thymol acetate, s. wool, cotton impregnated with 
4 to 10 % of salicylic acid and an equal amount of 
glycerol^ 

salicylid (sal-is' -il-id). An anhydride of salicylic 
acid, s.-phenetidin. See malakin. 

salicylism (sal'-is-il-izm) [salix, willow]. A toxic 
condition, produced by the injudicious or excessive 
use of salicylic acid or its salts. 

salicylize (sal'-is-il-iz) . To treat with salicylic acid. 

salicylol (sal'-is-il-ol) . See salicylic aldehyde. 

salicyluric acid (sal-is-il-u'-rik) [salicylic; uric]. 
A compound of glycol and salicylic acid found in the 
urine after the administration of salicylic acid. 

salifebrin (sal-e-feb'-rin). Salicylanilide; C13H11- 
NO2, a white, permanent powder, insoluble in water, 
freely soluble in alcohol; recommended as an anti- 
pyretic and antineuralgic. It colors blue litmus- 
paper red. 

saliferous (sal-if-er-us) [sal, salt; ferre, to bear]. 
Producing salt. 

salifiable (sal-if-i'-a-bl) [sal; fieri, to become]. 
Forming a salt by union with an acid. 

saliformin (sal-if-orm'-in) , (CH 2 )eN4 . CeHKOH)- 
COOH. A white, crystalline powder, of sour taste, 
soluble in water and alcohol. It is an antiseptic 
and uric-acid solvent. Dose 15-30 gr. (1-2 Gm.). 
Syn., Formin salicylate; hexamethylentetr amine- 
salicylate; urotropin salicylate. 

saligallol (sal-e-gal'-ol). Pyrogallol disalicylate, a 
resinous solid, soluble in acetone or chloroform. 
Used as a vehicle for cutaneous applications and as a 
varnish. 

saligenin (sal-ij'-en-in) [salicin; yevvav, to produce], 
C7H8O2. Orthooxybenzylalcohol, a substance ob- 
tained from salicin by boiling with dilute hydro- 
chloric or sulphuric acid. 

salimeter (sal-im'-et-er) [sal, salt; fierpop, a mea- 
sure]. A hydrometer for ascertaining the strength 
of saline solutions. 

salinaphtol (sal-in-af'-tol). See betol. 

saline (sa'-Un) [sal, salt]. 1. Salty; containing 
salt or substance resembling salt. 2. A salt of an 
alkali or alkaline earth, s. solution, a 0.6 % solu- 
tion of sodium chloride; physiological (wrongly 
called normal) salt solution. 

salines (sa'-linz) [sal, salt]. Salts of the alkalies 
or of magnesium, used as hydragogue cathartics. 
Magnesium sulphate and citrate, sodium sulphate 
and Rochelle salts are examples. 

salinigrin (sal-in-i'-grin). A substance said to 
be a glucoside from the bark of Salix nigra. 

salinometer (sal-in-om'-et-er). Synonym of sali- 
meter. 

saliodine (sal-i-o'-din). A proprietary preparation, 
said to be "an iodated, acetosalicylate, with ad- 
juvants"; recommended in rheumatism, malaria, 
influenza, syphilis, etc. Dose 10 to 30 grains. 

saliphen (sal'-if-en). Salicylphenetidin; a com- 
pound of salicylic acid and phenetidin. 

salipyrine (sal-i-pi'-rin) [salicylate; irvp, fire], 
C11H12N2O . C7H6O3. Antipyrine salicylate, con- 
sisting of 57-7 parts of salicylic acid and 42.3 parts 
of antipyrine; it is soluble in water, and is used in 
rheumatism, neuralgia, and as an antipyretic. Dose 
15-30 gr. (1-2 Gm.). 

saliretin (sal-e-ret'-in) [saligenin; bt\Tivq, resin], 
C14H14O3. An amorphous resinous body, produced 
by treating saligenin with acids. 

Salisbury treatment (sawls'-ber-e). The treatment 
of obesity by meat diet and hot water. 

salitannol (sal-e-tan'-ol), C14H16O7. A condensa- 
tion-product of salicylic and gallic acids by action 
of phosphorus oxychloride; a white, amorphous 
powder, soluble in solutions of caustic alkalies, slightly 
soluble in alcohol. Recommended as a surgical 
antiseptic. 

salithymol (sal-e-thi'-mol). Thymol salicylate. 

salitonia (sal-it-o'-ne-ah). A saline tonic. 

saliva (sa-li'-vah) [L.]. The mixed secretion of 
the parotid, submaxillary, sublingual, and mucous 
glands of the mouth. It is opalescent, tasteless, 
alkaline, and has a specific gravity of from 1004 to 
1009, and contains serum-albumin, globulin, mucin, 
urea, an amylolytic ferment called ptyalin, and a 
proteolytic and a lipolytic ferment; also salts, among 
which is potassium sulphocyanate, derived especially 



SALIVANT 



775 



SALPINGO-OOPHORITIS 



from the parotid gland. Among formed elements 
are epithelial cells, salivary corpuscles, and bacteria. 
The functions of saliva are to moisten the food and 
lubricate the bolus, to dissolve certain substances, 
to facilitate tasting, to aid in deglutition and articu- 
lation, and to digest starches, which it converts into 
maltose, dextrin, and glucose, s., chorda, that pro- 
duced by stimulation of the chorda tympani nerve. 
s., ganglionic, that produced by irritating the sub- 
maxillary glands, s., sympathetic, that produced by 
stimulation of the sympathetic nerve. 

salivant {sal'-iv-ant) [saliva, saliva], i. Stimu- 
lating the secretion of saliva. 2. A drug which 
increases the flow of saliva. 

salivary {sal'-iv-a-re) [saliva]. Pertaining to or 
producing saliva; formed from saliva, s. calculus, 
a calcareous concretion found in the salivary ducts. 
s., corpuscles, pale, spherical, nucleated bodies found 
in saliva, s. diastase. Same as ptyalin. s. diges- 
tion, the conversion of starches into dextrin and 
sugar by the action of saliva, s. fistula, an abnormal 
opening communicating with a salivary duct. s. 
glands, the glands, six in number, situated three on 
each side of the mouth, which secrete the saliva. 
See parotid, submaxillary, and sublingual. 

salivate (sal'-iv-at) [salivare, to spit out]. To 
cause an excessive discharge of saliva. 

salivation (sal-iv-a'-shun) [salivate]. An excessive 
secretion of saliva; a condition produced by mercury, 
pilocarpin, and by nervous disturbances/ 

salivator {sal' -iv-a-tor) [salivate]. An agent causing 
salivation. 

salivatory {sal-iv-a'-to-re). Salivant; stimulating 
the secretion of saliva. 

salivin {sal'-iv-in). Same as ptyalin. 

salivolithiasis (sal-iv-o-lith-i'-as-is) [saliva; \L60s, 
stone]. Formation of a salivary calculus. 

salix {sa'-liks) [L.]. The bark of the common white 
willow, S. alba. Its properties are due to a consti- 
tuent, salicin, which is tonic and antiseptic. It is 
useful as an antipyretic in rheumatic fever, s. 
nigra, the bark of the black willow, recommended 
in nocturnal emissions and ovarian neuralgia. 

Salkowski's modification of Hoppe-Seyler's test 
for CO in the blood {sal-kow'-ske) [Ernst Leopold 
Salkowski, German physician, 1844- ]. Add to 
the blood to be tested 20 volumes of water and an 
equal quantity of a sodium hydroxide solution of 
specific gravity 1.34. In the presence of carbon 
monoxide the mixture will soon become milky, 
changing to bright red. On standing, red flakes 
collect on the surface. Normal blood treated in 
this way gives a dirty brown coloration. S.'s reac- 
tion for cholesterin, dissolve the substance in chloro- 
form and add an equal volume of concentrated 
sulphuric acid. The cholesterin solution becomes 
bluish-red, changing gradually to violet red, while 
the sulphuric acid appears red with a green fluores- 
cence. S.'s test for indol, to the indol solution add 
a few drops of nitric acid, and then, drop by drop, 
a 2 % solution of potassium nitrite. The presence 
of indol is evinced by a red color, and finally by a 
red precipitate of nitrosoindol nitrate. 

(de) Salle's line. A line beginning at the upper 
margin of the ala nasi, encircling the angle of the 
mouth, and ending at the edge of the orbicularis oris. 
For significance see Jadelot's lines. 

sallenders {sal' -en-durz) . See malandria. 

salmiac {sal'-me-ak). Ammonium chloride. 

salmin {sal'-min), C30H57N17O6+4H2O. A pro- 
tamine from the spermatozoa of salmon, identical 
or isomeric with clupein. 

Salmon's back-cut. An incision along the track 
of an anal fistula. 

salmon patch {sam'-un). See Hutchinson's patch. 

salochinin. See saloquinine. 

salocoll {sal'-o-kol). Phenocoll salicylate. A 
white powder, odorless and tasteless, only slightly 
soluble in cold water. It is said to be antipyretic, 
antineuralgic, and antirheumatic. Dose 15 to 30 
grains. 

salol (sal'-ol) [salix, willow]. See pheny salicylate. 
s., camphorated, a mixture of 75 % of phenyl sali- 
cylate with 25 % of camphor; an oily liquid, soluble 
in alcohol, ether, chloroform, or oils, a local anesthetic, 
antiseptic, and analgesic. Dose 3-10 gr. (0.2-0.65 
Gm.). Syn., camphor salol. s. tribromide, C6H4 . - 
OH . COO . C6H 2 Br 3 , a white, odorless, tasteless 
powder, freely soluble in chloroform and glacial 
acetic acid, insoluble in ether, or alcohol. It is a 



combined hypnotic and hemostatic. Dose 32 gr . 
(2 Gm.). Syn., cordol. 

salolism (sa'-lol-izm). Poisoning by phenyl sali- 
cylate, a mixture of salicylism and carbolism in 
which the symptoms of the latter predominate. 

Salomon-Sail's reaction {sal'-om-on-saksV) [Hugo 
Salomon, Austrian physician]. Excess of neutral 
sulphates in the urine of patients with cancer. It is 
present in many cases of cancer, but it is not specific, 
and is even found in healthy individuals. 

saloop (sa-loop') [see salep], A drink prepared 
from salep; also from sassafras bark and herbs. It is 
regarded as a cure for drunkenness. 

salophen (sal'-o-fen) [salix, willow], C6H4 . OH . - 
CO2. C 6 H 4 . NH(C 2 H 3 0) =Ci 5 Hi 3 N04. Acetylpar- 
amidophenyl salicylate, a crystalline substance con- 
taining 50 % of salicylic acid, and used as a sub- 
stitute for the latter, and as an intestinal antiseptic. 
Dose 15 gr. (1 Gm.). 

saloquinine {sal-o-kwin'-en) , C6H4 . OH . CO . O . - 
C20H23N2O. The quinine ester of salicylic acid; a 
crystalline, absolutely tasteless substance, insoluble 
in water, readily soluble in alcohol or ether; melts 
at 130 C. It is used as is quinine. Dose ia-30 gr. 
(0.65-2.0 Gm.) several times daily, s. salicylate, 
C 6 H4 . OH . COO . C20H23N2O . C 6 H 4 . OH . COOH, 
crystallizes in white needles, soluble with difficulty 
in water; melts at 170° C. It is tasteless and recom- 
mended in rheumatism. Dose 15 gr. (1 Gm.) 3 times 
daily. Syn., rheumatin. 

salosantal {sal-o-san'-tal). A 33 % solution of 
phenyl salicylate in sandalwood oil with the addition 
of a little oil of peppermint. It is indicated in 
cystitis, prostatitis, etc. Dose 10-20 drops 3 times 
daily after meals. 

salpingectomy {sal-pin- jek'-to-me) [salpinx; i/croni}, 
excision]. Excision of a Fallopian tube. 

salpingemphraxis {sal-pin-jem-fraks'-is) [salpinx; 
£n<t>pa£is, obstruction]. Closure of the Eustachian 
or Fallopian tube. 

salpingian, or salpingic (sal-pin' '-je-an, sal-pin'-jik) 
[<ra\irt,y%, tube]. Pertaining to a Eustachian or 
Fallopian tube. 

salpingion {sal-pin' -je-on). The point at the infer- 
ior surface of the apex of the petrosa. 

salpingitic {sal-pin-jit' -ik) [salpinx; ins, inflamma- 
tion]. Pertaining to or affected with salpingitis. 

salpingitis {sal-pin-ji'-tis) [salpinx; ins, inflamma- 
tion]. 1. Inflammation of the Fallopian tube. 
2. Inflammation of the Eustachian tube, s., chronic 
parenchymatous, pachysalpingitis, chronic inter- 
stitial inflammation and thickening of the muscular 
coat of the Fallopian tube, s., chronic vegetating, 
excessive hypertrophy of the mucosa of the Fallopian 
tube, s., gonorrheal, that due to infection with 
gonococci. s., hemorrhagic, hematosalpinx, s., 
interstitial, that marked by excessive formation of 
connective tissue, s., isthmic nodular, follicular 
inflammation of the small constricted portion 
(isthmus) of the oviduct, with formation of small 
nodules of muscular and connective tissue, s., 
mural. See s., chronic parenchymatous, s., nodular, 
a form marked by formation of solid nodules. Cf. 
s., tuberculous, s., parenchymatous. See s., chronic 
parenchymatous, s., pneumococcous, that due to 
infection with pneumococci. s., pseudofollicular, 
adenomyoma originating in the tubal epithelium. 
s., purulent, salpingitis with secretion of pus instead 
of mucus or serum, s., tuberculous, that marked 
by the infiltration of the lining membrane and walls 
of the tube with tuberculous nodules. 

salpingo- {sal-ping' -go-) [o-d\7ri7£,t ube]. A prefix 
denoting relation to the Fallopian or the Eustachian 
tube. 

salpingocatheterism {sal-ping-go-kath'-et-er-izm) . 
Catheterization of the Eustachian tube. 

salpingocele {sal-ping' -go-sel) [salpingo-; KifKri, a 
hernia]. Hernia of the oviduct. 

salpingocyesis {sal-ping-go-si-e'-sis) [salpingo- ; kv- 
v<tls, pregnancy]. Tubal pregnancy. 

salpingolysis " {sal-ping-gol'-is-is) [salpingo-; \veiv, 
to loosen]. The breaking down of adhesions of the 
Fallopian tube. 

salpingomallearis, salpingomalleus {sal-ping-go- 
mal-e-a'-ris, sal-ping-go-mal'-e-us) . The tensor tym- 
pani muscle. See muscles, table of. 

salpingo-oophorectomy {sal-ping-go-o-o-for-ek' -to- 
me) [salpingo-; oophoron; i/crow, excision]. Excision 
of the Fallopian tube and the ovary. 

salpingo-oophoritis {sal-ping-go-o-of-or-i'-lis) [sal- 



SALPINGO-OOPHOROCELE 



776 



SALVE 



pingo-; oophoron; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation 
of the Fallopian tube and the ovary. 

salpingo-oophorocele (sal-ping-go-o-of-or-o-sel) [sal- 
pingo-; oophorocele]. Hernial protrusion of the 
ovary and oviduct. 

salpingo-oothecectomy {sal-ping-go-o-o-the-sek' -to- 
me). Same as salpingo-oophorectomy. 

salpingo-oothecitis (sal-ping-go-o-o-the-si'-tis). Same 
as salpingo-oophoritis. 

salpingo-oothecocele (sal-ping-go-o-o-the'-ko-sel) . 
Same as salpingo-oophorocele. 

salpingo-ovariectomy (sal-ping-go-o-va-re-ek' -to- 

me). Same as salpingo-oophorectomy. 

salpingo-ovariotomy (sal-ping-go-o-var-e-ot'-om-e) . 
Same as salpingo-oophorectomy. 

salpingo-ovaritis (sal-ping-go-o-var-i'-lis). See sal- 
pingo-oophoritis. 

salpingopalatal (sal-ping-go-pal'-at-al) [salpingo- ; 
palatum, palate]. Pertaining to the Eustachian 
tube and the palate, s. fold, a fold of mucosa cover- 
ing the levator palati muscle. 

salpingoperitonitis (sal-ping-go-per-it-on-i'-tis). In- 
flammation of the peritoneum lining the oviduct. 

salpingopharyngeal (sal-ping-go-far-in'-je-al) [sal- 
pingo-; pharynx]. Pertaining to the Eustachian 
tube and the pharynx. 

salpingopharyngeus (sal-ping-go-far-in-je'-us) [sal- 
pingo-; pharynx]. A muscular bundle passing from 
the Eustachian tube downward to the constrictors of 
the pharynx. 

salpingorrhaphy (sal-ping-gor'-a-fe) [o-dXiny^, tube; 
pa<j>ri, suture]. Suture of the Fallopian tube. 

salpingosalpingostomy (sal-ping-go-sal-ping-gos'- 
to-me). The operation of uniting the two Fallopian 
tubes. 

salpingoscope (sal-ping' '-go-skop) [salpingo-; <tko- 
■n-elv, to look]. A modified cystoscope provided with 
an electric lamp of low voltage for exploration of the 
nasopharynx. 

salpingostaphylinus (sal-ping-go-staf-il-i'-nus) [sal- 
pingo-; <TTa<t>v\ii, uvula]. The abductor muscle of 
the Eustachian tube. s. internus. Synonym of 
levator palati. See under muscle. 

salpingostenochoria (sal-ping-go-ste-no-ko'-re-ah) 
[salpingo-; o-revbs, narrow; x«p<*. space]. Stenosis 
or stricture of the Eustachian tube. 

salpingostomatomy (sal-ping-go-sto-mat'-om-e). Sal- 
pingostomy. 

salpingostomy (sal-ping-gos'-to-me) [salpingo-; 
ardna, mouth]. The operation of making an artificial 
fistula between a Fallopian tube and the body- 
surface. 

salpingotomy (sal-ping-got' -o-me) [salpingo-; tow, 
a cutting]. The operation of cutting into a Fal- 
lopian tube. 

salpingysterocyesis (sal-ping-gis-ter-o-si-e'-sis) 

[o-dX7ri7£, tube; varepa, womb; kutjo-is, gestation]. 
Interstitial pregnancy. 

salpinx (sal' -pinks) [trdXxryf, tube]. A tube, 
especially the Eustachian or the Fallopian tube. 
salpyrine (sal-pi' -r en). See salipyrine. 
salt [sal, salt], i. Sodium chloride. 2. Any 
compound of a base and "an acid, s., acid, a salt 
formed from a dibasic or polybasic acid in which only 
a part of the replaceable hydrogen atoms has been 
replaced by the base, s., alkaline. See s., basic. 
s., aperient, of Frederick, sodium sulphate, s. of 
barilla, sodium carbonate, s., basic, a salt contain- 
ing an excess of the basic element, and formed by the 
union of a normal salt with a basic oxide or hydroxide. 
s., bay-, sodium chloride; also the sea-salt obtained 
by the evaporation of sea-water by solar heat. s. of 
bones, ammonium carbonate, s., Carlsbad, a salt 
prepared from one of the springs at Carlsbad or 
made in imitation of it. Each spring contains in 
varying degrees carbonates of magnesium, iron, man- 
ganese, calcium, strontium, lithium, and sodium, 
sulphates of sodium and potassium, sodium chloride, 
sodium fluoride, sodium borate, and calcium phos- 
phate, s. of colcothar, sulphate of iron, s., com- 
mon, sodium chloride, s., crab orchard, a mild 
saline purgative produced from the evaporated water 
of springs at Crab Orchard, Kentucky. It contains 
magnesium, sodium, and potassium sulphates and a 
little iron and lithium, s., diuretic, potassium ace- 
tate, s., double, one in which the hydrogen atoms of 
an acid are replaced by two metals, s., Epsom-, 
magnesium sulphate, s. fever, fever caused by giving 
salt solution intravenously or otherwise, s.-frog, 
a frog from whose vascular system all blood has been 



artificially removed and replaced by physiological 
salt solution. Syn., Cohnheim's frog, s., Glauber's. 
sodium sulphate, s., halogen, s., haloid, any salt 
of the halogen elements, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, 
and iodine, s.s of lemon, potassium binoxalate. 
s., Monsel's, subsulphate of iron, used chiefly in 
solution as a styptic, s., neutral. 1. A salt which 
has a neutral action towards litmus. 2. Often used 
as the equivalent of 5. normal, q. v. s., normal, 
a salt in which all of the available hydrogen has been 
replaced by a metal or its equivalent, s. oxy-, a 
salt of an oxyacid, one containing oxygen, s.s, 
Preston's, English smelling-salts, s., purging, taste- 
less, sodium phosphate, s.-rheum, chronic eczema. 
s.j Rochelle, sodium and potassium tartrate, s., 
rock-, native sodium chloride, occurring in crystalline 
masses, s., sea-, the sodium chloride obtained by 
tfye evaporation of sea-water, s., secondary. Same 
as 5., neutral, s.-sickness. See sickness, salt-. 
s., smelling-, any pungent, irritant salt which when 
inhaled usually acts reflexly as a respiratory or 
circulatory stimulant. Ammonium carbonate is 
generally used. s. of soda, sodium carbonate, s. 
solution, a solution of sodium chloride in distilled 
water. One containing from 0.6 to 0.75 % of sodium 
chloride is known as a physiological or (incorrectly) 
normal salt solution, and is used in physiological ex- 
periments oh living tissues. In medicine it has 
been employed to restore to the system the fluids 
lost by severe hemorrhage or profuse diarrheal dis- 
charges. The solution is introduced into the sub- 
cutaneous tissues or into a vein; sometimes also 
into the rectum, s. of sorrel, potassium binoxalate 
derived from species of Oxalis and Rumex. s.s, 
spirit of, hydrochloric acid, s.-starvation. See 
hypochlorization. s., table, sodium chloride, s. of 
tartar, pure potassium carbonate, s. of urine, am- 
monium carbonate, s. of vitriol, zinc sulphate, 
s. of wisdom, sal alembroth. s. of wormwood, 
potash prepared from wormwood. 

saltans rosa. Urticaria. 

saltation (sal-ta'-shun) [saltare, to dance]. The 
dancing or leaping sometimes noticed in chorea. 

saltatory, saltatoric (sal'-tat-o-re, sal-tat-or'-ik) 
[saltare, to dance]. Dancing or leaping, s. spasm, 
a clonic spasm that causes the patient to leap or 
jump when he attempts to stand. 

salted. A term applied to animals that have 
recovered from South African horse-sickness. 

Salter's incremental lines [Sir James A. Salter, 
English dentist]. Dentinal lines more or less parallel 
to the surface of the tooth. Caused by imperfectly 
calcified dentin. 

saltpeter (sawlt-pe'-tre) [salt; petra, a rock]. Po- 
tassium nitrate, s., Chili, sodium nitrate, s., wall, 
calcium nitrate. 

salts. A saline cathartic, especially magnesium 
sulphate, sodium sulphate, or Rochelle salt. 

salubrin (sal-u'-brin) [salubritas, healthfulnessj. 
A compound said to contain 2 % of anhydrous acetic 
acid, 25 % of acetic, ether, 50 % of alcohol, and the 
remainder distilled water. It is antiseptic, astrin- 
gent, and hemostatic, and is used diluted with water 
as a gargle and on compresses. 

salubrious (sa-lu'-bre-us) [salus, health]. Health- 
ful. 

salubrity (sa-lii'-brit-e) [salubritas, healthfulness]. 
The state or character of being wholesome. 

salubrol (sal-u'-brol). Tetrabromomethylenedi- 
antipyrine. An inodorous, antiseptic powder used 
in the same way as iodoform. 

salufer (sal'-u-fer). Sodium silicofluoride. 

salumin (sal'-u-min). See aluminum salicylate. 
s., soluble, ammoniated aluminum salicylate. 

salutarium (sal-u-ta'-re-um) [salus, health]. A 
sanitarium. 

salutary (sal'-u-ta-re) [salus, health]. Promotive 
of health. 

salvarsan (sal'-var-san). Ehrlich's "606." Di- 
oxydiamidoarsenobenzol, C12H12O2N2AS2. A sulphur- 
yellow powder furnished by Ehrlich as a remedy for 
syphilis, s. milk, milk from a goat that has been 
subjected to injections of salvarsan; used for syphilitic 
children. 

salvatella (sal-vat-el' -ah) or vena salvatella [sal- 
vatus, from salvare, to save]. The vein on the back 
of the little finger. See vein. ■ 

salve (sahv) [AS., seal/]. Ointment, s., Deshler's, 
compound rosin cerate, s. pencil, ointment in the 
form of a pencil or stick. 



SALVEOL 



777 



SANIOUS 



salveol (sal'-ve-ol). Trade name of an antiseptic 
solution of sodium creosotate in cresol. 

salvia (sal'-ve-ah) [L.]. Official name for the dried 
leaves of Salvia officinalis. See sage. 

salviol (sal'-ve-ol) [salvia, sage; oleum, oil], C10H16O. 
A liquid substance obtained from oil of sage. 

Salzer's operation [Fritz Adolf Salzer, Austrian 
surgeon, 1858- ]. Excision of the whole of the 
third division of the fifth nerve. 

samadera or samandura (sam-ad-e'-rah or sa-man'- 
du-rah) [E. Ind.]. A genus of old-world trees of the 
simarubaceous type. s. indica produces a bitter, 
febrifugal bark. 

samarium (sam-a'-re-um) [L.]. A metallic element 
belonging to the didymium group. Symbol Sa; 
atomic weight 150.4. 

sambucin (sam-bu'-sin) [Sambucus, the elder]. 
An alcoholic fluidextract of the bark of Sambucus 
nigra. It is a diuretic. 

sambucus (sam-bu' -kus) [L.]. Elder; a shrub or 
tree of the order Caprifoliacece. The flowers of 5. 
canadensis and the berries are sudorific; the latter 
have been used as an alterative in rheumatism and 
syphilis. The inner bark has been employed in 
epilepsy, dropsy, and various chronic diseases. Aqua 
sambuci (B. P.) is used as a vehicle. 

samol (sam'-ol). Trade name of an ointment con- 
taining 25 per cent, of salimenthol. 

samshu (sam'-shoo) [Chinese]. An alcoholic drink 
distilled in China from rice or millet, or both. 

sanative (san'-a-tiv) [sanare, to heal]. Promoting 
health; healing. 

sanatogen (san-at'-o-jen). A proprietary food said 
to contain 90 % of casein and 5 % of sodium glycero- 
phosphate. Dose 1 teaspoonful (5 Cc.) added to 
soup, cocoa, etc. 

sanatol (san'-at-ol). The trade name of a disin- 
fectant said to consist of sulphuric acid, esters of 
phenol, and its homologues. 

sanatolyn (san-at'-ol-in). A disinfectant said to 
consist of phenol and sulphuric acid with a percentage 
of ferrous sulphate. 

sanatorium (san-at-o'-re-um) [sanare, to heal]. 
An establishment for the treatment of the sick; 
especially a private hospital. See sanitarium. 

sanatory (san'-at-o-re) . See sanative. 

sanatose (san'-at-os). A proprietary preparation 
said to consist of sodium glycerophosphate and 
casein. 

sand [AS.]. An aggregation of fine grains of silicic 
oxide, s., auditory, otoliths, s.-bath. 1. A vessel 
containing dry sand in which a substance requiring a 
slowly rising or uniform temperature may be heated. 
s.-blind. See metamorphopsia. s.-bodies. See cor- 
pora aranacea. s., brain. See acervulus. s.-crack, 
a crack or fissure in the hoof of a horse, extending 
from the coronet toward the sole, and due to a dis- 
eased condition of the horn-secreting membrane. 
s.-flea. See chigoe, s., intestinal, gritty material 
passed with the stools, s., pineal. See acervulus. 
s.-tumor. See psammoma. 

sandalwood. 1. Red sanders (Santalum rubrum, 
U. S. P.; Pterocarpi ligni, B. P.), the wood of Ptero- 
carpus santalinus, of the order Leguminosce. It is 
used as a coloring agent. 2. The wood of Santalum 
album, of the order Santalacece, containing a volatile 
oil. s. oil (oleum santali, U. S. P., B. P.), used in 
bronchitis and gonorrhea. Dose 15-20 min. (1.0- 
1.3 Cc). 

sandarac (san'-dar-ak). A white, transparent 
resin produced by Callitris quadrivalvis, a tree of 
North Africa. It is now little used except as a 
varnish and incense, s. varnish, in dentistry a 
solution of sandarac in alcohol used as a separating 
medium in making plaster casts. 

sandaracin (san-dar' -as-in) . Giese's name for 
sandarac which has been exposed to the action of 
alcohol. It is a mixture of two of the three resins 
of which sandarac is said to be composed. 

sanders (san'-durz). Sandalwood. 

Sanders' sign [James Sanders, English physician, 
1 777-1 843]. Undulatory character of the cardiac 
impulse, most marked in the epigastric region, in 
adherent pericardium. S.'s type of paranoia, para- 
noia appearing in youth. Syn., paranoia originaria. 

Sanderson's method of attenuation. The passing 
of virus through the system of another animal 
(e. g., the guinea-pig, in anthrax) so that it becomes 
modified in virulency. 

Sandstroem's bodies or glands (sant'-strem) [Iva r 



Sandstroem, Norwegian physician]. The para- 
thyroid glands; also called Gley's glands. 

sane (san) [sanus, whole]. Of sound mind. 

sangaree (sang-ga-re') [Sp., sangria]. A sweetened 
and flavored drink, consisting essentially of diluted 
wine or porter. 

Sanger's macula. A bright red spot marking the 
orifice of the duct of Bartholin's gland in cases of 
gonorrheal vulvitis.^ Syn., macula gonorrhoea. 

Sanger's operation. A method of performing 
cesarean section: a modification of the usual operation 
in which the uterus is brought out through a long 
abdominal incision before extraction of the fetus. 

Sanger's pupil-reaction. For the differential diag- 
nosis of cerebral syphilis and tabes: in amaurosis and 
optic atrophy of cerebral syphilis the pupil-reflex 
to light may be preserved and even increased after a 
protracted stay in the dark, which is never the case 
in tabes dorsalis. 

S.-angle. See angle, sigma. 

sangrenal (sang'-gre-nal). A preparation made 
from adrenal glands; used as an astringent, hemo- 
static, and cardiac stimulant. 

sanguicolous (sang-gwik'-o-lus) [sanguis, blood; 
colere, to inhabit]. Living in the blood, as a parasite. 

sanguiferous (san-gwif'-er-us) [sanguis, blood; 
ferre, to carry]. Carrying, or conveying, blood. 

sanguiferrin (sang-gwif -er-in). Trade name of a 
preparation said to contain hemoglobin and manga- 
nese. 

sanguification (sang-gwif -ik-a' -shun) [sanguis, 
blood; facer e, to make]. 1. The formation of 
blood. 2. Conversion into blood, as the sangui- 
fication of substances absorbed from the intestinal 
tract. 

sanguimotion (sang-gwi-mo' -shun) [sanguis; mo- 
tion]. The circulation of the blood. 

sanguimotory (sang-gwi-mo' -tor-e). Relating to 
the circulation of the blood. 

sanguinal (sang'-gwin-al). A hematinic consisting 
of evaporated blood and hemoglobin in liquid form, 
and free from the intermediate products of the 
degeneration of albuminous bodies. It consists of 
natural blood-salts 46 parts, oxyhemoglobin 10 parts, 
and peptonized muscle-albumin 44 parts. 

sanguinaria (sang-gwin-a'-re-ah) [sanguis]. Blood- 
root, a genus of plants of the order Papaveracece. 
The rhizome of 5. canadensis (sanguinaria, U. S. P.) 
is emetic and narcotic; in large doses it is an irritant 
and convulsant. It is used chiefly as an expector- 
ant in bronchitis. Dose, as an expectorant, 1-5 gr. 
(0.065-0.32 Gm.); as an emetic, 5-10 gr. (0.32-0.65 
Gm.). s., fluidextract of (fluidextr actum sanguinaria, 
U. S. P.). Dose 1-10 min. (0.065-0.65 Cc). s., 
tincture of (tinctura sanguinaria, U. S. P.). Dose 
30-60 min. (2-4 Cc). 

sanguinarine (sang-gwin' -ar -en), C20H15NO4, the 
most important alkaloid derived from the rhizome 
of Sanguinaria canadensis. Dose tV-b-I £T- (0.005- 
0.0 1 1-0.05 Gm.) in solution. Small doses expec- 
torant, large doses emetic, s. nitrate, C17H15NO4 . - 
HNO3, a red, crystalline powder, soluble in water 
and alcohol. Dosage and uses the same as the 
alkaloid, s. sulphate, (CnHisNO^ . H2SO4, red 
crystalline powder, soluble in water and alcohol. 
Dosage and uses the same as the alkaloid. 

sanguine (sang'-gwin) [sanguis]. 1. Resembling 
blood; bloody. 2. Hopeful; active, as sanguine 
temperament. 

sanguineous (sang-gwin'-e-us) [sanguis]. 1. Per- 
taining to the blood; containing blood. 2. Sanguine, 
s. cyst, a cyst containing blood-stained fluid. 

sanguine- (sang' -gwin-o) . A proprietary prepara- 
tion said to contain all iron salts, albumins, fats, 
and carbohydrates formed in the animal organism. 

sanguinoform (sang-gwin' -o-form) . A therapeutic 
preparation of blood said to be obtained from the 
embryonic blood-forming organs of animals. 

sanguinolent (sang-gwin' -o-lent) [sanguis]. Tinged 
with blood. 

sanguis (sang'-gwis) [L.]. Blood. 

sanguisuction (sang-gwis-uk'-shun) [sanguis, blood; 
suctus, p. p. of sugere, to suck]. The abstraction of 
blood "by suction, as by a leech or other parasite. 

sanguisuga (sang-gwi-sii'-gah). See leech. 

sanies (sa'-ne-ez) [L.]. A thin, fetid, greenish, 
seropurulent fluid discharged from an ulcer, wound, 
or fistula. 

sanious (sa'-ne-us) [sanies]. Pertaining to or re- 
sembling sanies, as sanious pus. 



SANITARIAN 



778 



SAPIDITY 



sanitarian (san-it-a'-re-an) [sanitas, health]. One 
skilled in sanitary science and matters of public health. 

sanitarium (san-it-a'-re-um) [sanitas, health]. A 
place where the conditions are such as especially to 
promote health; a resort for convalescents, s., 
ocean, a ship so constructed as to be specially adapted 
to the requirements of invalids or convalescents and 
to making long cruises. 

sanitary (san'-it-a-re) [sanitas]. Pertaining to 
health, s. cordon, a line of guards to control in- 
gress to or egress from an infected locality, s. 
police. See police, sanitary, s. science, the science 
that includes a consideration of all that can be done 
for the prevention of disease and the promotion of the 
public health. 

sanitas (san'-it-as). i. Health. 2. A class of 
proprietary antiseptic solutions, made from turpen- 
tine. 

sanitation (san-it-a'-shun) [sanitary]. The act of 
securing a healthful condition; the application of 
sanitary measures. 

sanity (san'-il-e) [sanitas, from sanus, sound]. 
Soundness of mind. 

sanmethyl (san-meth'-il). A proprietary prepara- 
tion said to consist of methylene-blue, copaiba, 
phenyl salicylate, oils of sandalwood and cinnamon, 
and the oleoresins of cubebs and matico. It is used 
in gonorrhea. Dose in capsules 10 min. (0.66 Cc). 

sanmetra (san-met'-rah) [sanus, sound; fiyrpa, 
womb]. A combination of zinc sulphate, 1 gr.; 
antipyrine, 2 gr.; ichthyol, 5 gr.; fiuidextract of 
hydrastis, s gr.; creosote, 1-2 gr.; extract of hyo- 
scyamus, 1-2 gr.; menthol and thymol, each, 1-25 
gr. ; oil of eucalyptus, 1 gr. It is indicated in vaginal, 
uterine, and pelvic diseases, and is used in supposi- 
tories. 

sanmetto (san-met'-o). A proprietary preparation 
recommended in genitourinary diseases and said to 
consist of sandalwood and saw-palmetto. Dose 
1 teaspoonful (5 Cc.) 4 times daily. 

sano (san'-o). A proprietary dietetic remedy said 
to consist of dextrinized barley flour with a high 
percentage of proteids; according to analysis, it 
consists of water, 13.7 %; proteids, 12.5 %;fat, 1.6%; 
mineral matter, 1.85 %; soluble carbohydrates, 4.1 %; 
cellulose, 1.4 %; and starch, 64.9 %. 

sanoderma (san-o-der'-mah). A sterilized muslin 
bandage saturated with bismuth subnitrate. 

sanoform (san'-o-form), C6H2I2OHCOOCH3. The 
methyl ether of diiodosalicylic acid. It is a white, 
tasteless, odorless, permanent powder, containing 
62.7 % iodine; melts at no° C; soluble in alcohol, 
ether, or vaseline. It is used as a surgical dressing in 
powder or 10 % ointment. 

sanose (san'-os). A proprietary dietetic said to 
contain 80 % of casein and 20 % of albumose; a 
white, odorless, tasteless powder forming an emulsion 
when stirred with water or milk. Dose 5 dr.-i§ oz. 
(20-50 Gm.) in a pint of milk. 

sanosin (san'-o-sin). A mixture of sulphur, char- 
coal, and eucalyptus leaves. The fumes of this 
when ignited are used by inhalation in the treatment 
of pulmonary tuberculosis. 

Sansom's sign (san'-sum) [Arthur Ernest Sansom, 
English physician, 1839-1907]. 1. Considerable ex- 
tension of dulness in the second and third intercostal 
spaces in pericardial effusion. 2. A rhythmic murmur 
transmitted through the air in the mouth when the 
lips of the patient are applied to the chestpiece of 
the stethoscope; it is heard in cases of aortic aneu- 
rysm. 

Sanson's images [Louis Joseph Sanson, French 
physician, 1 790-1 841]. See Purkinje's images. 

santal (san'-tal). Santalum, white sandalwood. 
See sandalwood (2). 

santalal (san'-tal-al), C16H24O. A constituent of 
santal oil found by Chapoteau. 

santalol (san'-tal-ol), C15H26O. A constituent of 
oil of santal found by Chapoteau. 

Santa Lucia bark. The bark of Exostemma 
fioribundum, a rubiaceous tree of the Antilles. 

santalin (san'-tal-in) [santalum, sandalwood]. 
The coloring-matter of red sandalwood, obtained 
by evaporating the alcoholic infusion to dryness. 
It is a red resin, fusible at 212 F., and is very soluble 
in acetic acid as well as in alcohol, essential oils, 
and alkaline lyes. 

santalum (san'-tal-um) [L.]. Pterocarpi lignum 
(B. P.). White sandalwood. The wood of a species 
of S. album and 5. citrinum, or yellow sandalwood. 



It yields oil of santal, an astringent oil, useful in 
chronic bronchitis and gonorrhea. It is often adulter- 
ated with oil of cedar. Dose of the volatile oil dr. 
xxxx, in emulsion or capsule, s. rubrum, red sanders, 
the wood of Pterocarpus santolinus, imparts a bril- 
liant-red color to ether and alcohol. 

santol (san'-tol). 1. A crystalline substance 
C8H6O3, found by H. Weidel (1870) in white sandal- 
wood. 2. A proprietary preparation of sandalwood, 
used for gonorrhea, etc. 

santonica (san-ton'-ik-ah) [aavroviKov, wormwood]. 
Levant wormseed, the unexpanded flower-heads of 
Artemisia pauciflora (U. S. P.) or A. maritima, wax., 
Stechmanniana (B. P.), of the order Composite, the 
essential constituent of which is santonin, C15H18O3 
(santoninum, U. S. P., B. P.). Santonin is a neutral 
crystalline principle, producing, in overdoses, xan- 
thopsia, giddiness, stupor, at times convulsions, and 
death from failure of respiration. The urine is 
colored yellow. Santonica and santonin are used 
as vermicides against the lumbricoid worm. Dose 
of santonica 10-30 gr. (0.65-2.0 Gm.); of santonin 
1-2 gr. (0.065-0.13 Gm.). Sodium santoninate was 
formerly used as a substitute for santonin, but has 
produced poisoning. 

santonin {san'-to-nin). See under santonica. s., 
troches of (trochisci santontni, U. S. P., B. P.), those 
of the U. S. P. contain each about \ gr. (0.033 Gm.) 
of santonin; those of the B. P. contain 1 gr. (0.065 
Gm.) of the drug. 

santoninoxime (san-ton-in-oks'-im), CisHisCMN- 
OH). A derivative of santonin by action of an alco- 
holic solution of hydroxylamine hydrochloride with 
sodium; a white, crystalline powder, less toxic than 
santonin, and used as a vermicide. Dose for adults 
5 gr. (0.32 Gm.) divided into two doses and taken at 
intervals of one to two hours, followed by a cathartic. 
Repeat for 2 or 3 days. 

santonism (san'-ton-izm). Poisoning from over- 
dosage of santonin. 

Santorini's canal (san-to-re'-ne) [Giovanni Domen- 
ico Santorini, Italian anatomist, 1681-1737]. See 
Bernard's canal. S.'s cartilages, cornicula laryngis; 
the cartilaginous nodules on the tips of the aryte- 
noid cartilages. S.'s circular muscle, involuntary 
muscular fibers encircling the urethra beneath the 
constrictor urethra?. S.'s concha, a small, super- 
numerary, spongy bone sometimes found above the 
superior turbinated bone of the ethmoid. S.'s 
fissures, two fissures separating the cartilaginous 
portions of the external auditory canal into three 
incomplete rings. Syn., incisurce Santorini. S.'s 
muscle. 1. The risorius q. v., under muscles, tabh of. 
2. Same as Santorini's circular muscle. S.'s papilla, 
the papilla of the duodenum. S.'s plexus. 1. The 
vesico prostatic plexus of veins in the male; the venous 
plexus surrounding the front and sides of the urethra 
in the female. 2. An anastomotic network formed 
at the foramen ovale by the filaments of the two 
roots of the inferior maxillary nerve. S.'s tubercle, 
the cornicula laryngis. S.'s veins, the emissary veins 
forming a communication between the cerebral sin- 
uses and the veins of the scalp; especially, the small 
veins passing through the parietal foramen and 
connecting the parietal with the superior longitudinal 
sinus. 

santozea (san-to-ze'-ah). Trade name of a prepara- 
tion said to contain santal, saw-palmetto, etc.; 
used for cystitis and other genitourinary disorders. 

santyl (san'-til). Santalyl salicylate, a proprietary 
gonorrhea remedy. 

sap. The nutritive fluid which circulates by 
endosmosis in plants. 

saphena (sa-fe'-nah) [aafovris, manifest: pi., saphe- 
na]. A name given two large veins of the leg — the 
internal or long, and the external, or short saphena. 

saphenous (sa-fe'-nus) [aa(j>r)vris, manifest]. Ap- 
parent; superficial; manifest; applied to two veins 
of the lower limb, the internal or long saphenous 
vein and external or short saphenous vein, situated 
just beneath the surface; also applied to the nerves 
accompanying these veins, s. nerves. See nerves. 
s. opening, an opening in the fascia lata at the upper 
part of the thigh through which the long saphenous 
vein and nerve pass. s. veins. See above and also 
veins. 

sapid (sap'-id) [sapere, to taste]. Capable of being 
tasted. 

sapidity (sap-id' -it-e) [sapid]. The property or 
quality of a substance which gives it taste. 



SAPIENTIA 



779 



SARCOCARCINOMA 



sapientia (sa-pe-en'-she-ah) [L.]. Wisdom, sapi- 
entiae dentes, the posterior or third molar teeth. 

sapo (sa'-po) [L.]. Soap. See soap. 

sapocarbol (sa-po-kar'-bol) . A disinfectant solution 
of cresol and soft soap. 

sapodermin (sap-o-der'-min). An antiseptic soap 
containing albuminate of mercury; used in the 
treatment of parasitic and fungoid diseases. 

sapogenin (sap-oj'-en-in), C34H54O9 (Hesse). A 
derivative of saponin by action of dilute acids with 
heat. It occurs in needles grouped in stars, soluble 
in alcohol or ether. Syn., sapor etin. 

sapolan (sap'-ol-an). A compound said to consist 
of a naphtha product, 2.5 parts; soap, 3 to 4%; 
lanolin, 1.5 parts; it is used in skin diseases. 

sapolanolin (sa-po-lan'-o-lin). A preparation of 
soft soap and lanolin; used in eczematous condi- 
tions. 

saponaceous (sap-o-na'-se-us) [sapo, soap]. Hav- 
ing the nature of soap. 

saponal (sap'-o-nal). A cleansing compound said 
to consist of soap, 20 %; sodium carbonate, 60 %; 
sodium chloride, 2.2 %; and water, 11 %. 

Saponaria (sap-o-na'-re-ah) [sapo, soap]. A genus 
of plants of the order Caryophyllece. S. officinalis, or 
soapwort, bouncing-bet, is a species growing wild 
abundantly in the United States and Europe in the 
vicinity of houses. The root, rhizome, and stolons 
are used in gout, syphilis, and as an expectorant. 
It contains saponin, sapotoxin, sapogenin, etc. 

saponarius (sap-o-na'-re-us). Of a soapy character. 

saponatus (sap-o-na'-tus) [L.]. Mixed with soap. 

saponetin (sap-on-et'-in). A microcrystalline body, 
C40H66O15, obtained by heating saponin with dilute 
acids. 

saponification (sa-pon-if-ik-a'-shun) [sapo; facere, 
to make]. The act of converting into soap; the 
process of treating a neutral fat with an alkali, 
which combines with the fatty acid, forming a soap. 
s. equivalent, a term used to indicate the number 
of grams of an oil saponified by one equivalent in 
grams of an alkali, s., fermentation, saponification 
brought about by the action of a ferment. 

saponiform (sap-on' -e-f or m). Soap-like in appear- 
ance and consistence. 

saponify (sa-pon'-e-fi) [see saponification]. To 
convert into soap; to convert a neutral fat by the 
action of an alkali into free glycerol and a salt of the 
alkali, the latter forming a soap. 

saponiment (sap-on' -im-ent) [sapo, soap]. A term 
denoting a medicinal compound of soap. 

saponin (sap'-o-nin) [sapo], C32H54O18. A glucoside 
contained in the roots of soapwort and other plants, 
and in aqueous solution forming a strong lather. 
s., coal-tar. See liquor carbonis detergens. 

saponule, saponulus (sap'-on-ul, sap-on' -u-lus) . 
Imperfect soaps formed by combination of essential 
oils with bases. 

saporetin (sap-or-e'-tin). See sapogenin. 

saporific (sap-o-rif -ik) [sapor, savor; facere, to 
make]. Producing taste, flavor, or relish. 

saporosity (sap-or-os'-it-e) [sapid]. Sapidity. 

sapotin (sap'-o-tin). A glucoside, C29H52O20, 
extracted from the seed of the sapodilla-plum, the 
fruit of Achras sapota, occurring in minute crystals 
which melt at 240 C. Itis readily soluble in water, 
less so in alcohol, and insoluble in ether, benzine, or 
chloroform. 

sapotiretin (sap-o-tir-et'-in), C1-H32O10. A product 
obtained from sapotin by boiling it with dilute 
sulphuric acid; insoluble in water, readily soluble in 
alcohol. 

sapotoxin (sap-o-toks'-in) [sapo; to£ik6v, poison], 
C17H30O10. A poisonous glucoside obtained from 
saponin. 

sappan-wood (sap-an' -wood) . The wood of Ccesal- 
pinia sappan ; used as a dye as a substitute for hema- 
toxylon. 

sappanin (sap'-an-in). A substance obtained by 
the fusion of an extract of the wood of Ccesalpinia 
sappan with caustic soda. 

Sappey's accessory portal veins (sap'-e) [Marie 
Philibert Constant Sappey, French anatomist, 
1 810-1896]. A system of venules uniting to form 
small trunks, which redivide in the liver and empty 
into the sublobular veins. It consists of the minute 
nutrient veins of the portal vein, hepatic artery, and 
bile-ducts; of venules lying in the gastrohepatic 
omentum, the suspensory ligament of the liver, and 
about the fundus of the gall-bladder; and of the 



group of small veins in the umbilical region. Through 
the branches lying in the suspensory ligament of the 
liver and through the parumbilical group the portal 
vein communicates with the venae cavae. S,'s 
fibers, smooth muscular fibers found in the check 
ligaments of the eyeball close to their orbital attach- 
ment. 

sapphism (saf'-izm) [from 2enr<£w, Sappho, a Greek 
poetess]. Tribadism. Unnatural passion of one 
woman for another. 

sapremia, saprsemia (sap-rem'-e-ah) [crairpos, putrid; 
alua, blood]. The intoxication produced by absorp- 
tion of the results of putrefaction. 

sapremic (sap-re' -mik) [sapremia]. Affected with, 
of the nature of, or pertaining to, sapremia. 

saprine (sap'-rin) [aairpfc, putrid]. A non- 
poisonous ptomaine formed in the putrefaction of 
animal tissues. 

sapro- (sap-ro-) [aairpds, putrid]. A prefix signi- 
fying decay, putridity, etc. 

saprodontia (sap-ro-don'-she-ah) [sapro-; odovs, 
tooth]. Caries or rottenness of the teeth. 

saprogenic, saprogenous (sap-ro-jen'-ik, sap-roj'- 
en-us) [sapro-; ytwav, to beget]. 1. Causing putre- 
faction. 2. Produced by putrefaction. 

saprol (sap'-rol) [aairpos, putrid]. A mixture of 
crude cresols with hydrocarbons; used as a disin- 
fectant. 

Saprolegnia (sap-ro-leg'-ne-ah) [sapro-; \kyvov, 
an edge]. Fly-fungus. A genus of fungi of the 
order Saprolegniacea. Four species are known: S. 
monoica, S. dioeca, S. asterophora, and 5. ferox. 
They are all saprophytes on dead plants and animals, 
especially flies, in water, with the exception of the 
last-named species, which is both saprophyte and 
facultative parasite. It is the cause of fish or 
salmon disease. 

saprophagous (sap-ro f -a- gus) [sapro-; <paytlv, to 
eat]. Subsisting on decaying matter. 

saprophilous (sap-roff'-il-us) [sapro-; 4>CKeiv, to 
love]. Infesting decaying matter. Saprophytic. 

saprophyte (sap'-ro-fit) [sapro-; 4>vt6v, a plant]. 
A vegetable organism living on dead organic matter. 

saprophytic (sap-ro-fit'-ik) [saprophyte]. Growing 
in dead organic matter, as saprophytic bacteria. 

sapropyra (sap-ro-pi'-rah) [sapro-; -wvp, fire], 
1. Malignant typhus, or putrid fever. 2. Any fever 
due to putrid infection. 

saprostomous (sap-ros'-to-mus) [sapro-; arofia, 
mouth]. Having offensive breath. 

saprotyphus (sap-ro-ti'-fus) [sapro-; typhus]. 
Malignant or putrid typhus fever. 

saprozoic (sap-ro-zo'-ik) [sapro-; $o?ov, an animal]. 
Living in decaying organic matter. 

sar, sara [E. Ind., "rotten"]. Vernacular for 
trypanosomiasis (surra) (q. v.). 

sarapus (sar'-ap-us) [aalpetv, to sweep; irovs, foot]. 
A flat-footed person. 

Sarbo's sign. Analgesia of the peroneal nerve, 
occasionally observed in tabes dorsalis. 

sarc (sark) [crdp£, flesh]. The belly, body, or 
fleshy portions of a muscle. 

sarcepiplocele (sar-sep-ip'-lo-sel) [aap£, flesh; 
iirlir'Koof, omentum; /07X77, tumor]. An omental 
hernia with sarcocele, or with great thickening of the 
omentum. 

Sarcina (sar-si'-nah) [L., "a bundle"; pi., sarcince]. 
A genus of schizomycetes consisting of cocci dividing 
in three directions, thus producing cubic masses. 
See micrococci, table of. 

sarcine (sar '-s en). 1. Seehypoxanthine. 2. Sarcina, 
q. v. 

sarcinic (sar-si'-nik) [sarcina]. Pertaining to or 
caused by sarcinae. 

sarcinuria (sar-sin-u'-re-ah) [sarcin; ovpov, urine]. 
The discharge of sarcin with the urine. 

sarcitis (sar-si'-tis) [<rdp£, flesh; ins, inflammation]. 
Inflammation of fleshy tissue; especially inflammation 
of muscle. 

sarco- (sar-ko-) [<rdp£, flesh]. A prefix denoting 
composed of or pertaining to flesh. 

sarcoadenoma (sar-ko-ad-en-o'-mah) [sarco-; &8t)v, 
gland; 6p,a, tumor]. A fleshy glandular tumor. See 
adenosarcoma. 

sarcoblast (sar'-ko-blast) [sarco-; fi\aar6s, a germ], 
1. In biology, a protoplasmic germinal mass. 2. 
Marchesini's term for sarcoplast. 

sarcocarcinoma (sar-ko-kar-sin-o'-mah). A tumor 
composed of malignant growth of both carcinomatous 
and sarcomatous types. 



SARCOCARP 



780 



SARRACENIA 



sarcocarp (sar'-ko-karp) [sarco-; icapiros, fruit]. 
In biology, a fleshy, succulent mesocarp. 

sarcocele (sar'-ko-sel) [sarco-; K17X77, a tumor]. 
Any fleshy swelling of the testicle, s. malleosa, 
that due to Bacillus mallei, s., syphilitic, syphilitic 
orchitis. 

Sarcocephalus (sar-ko-sef'-al-us) [sarco-; Ke<pa\r), 
head]. A genus of the Rubiacece. S. esculentus, 
a shrub of western Africa, the Guinea or Sierra 
Leone peach, yields an astringent antipyretic bark, 
doundaki or doundake (q. v.); it is the quinquina 
africane or kina du Rio Nunez of the French. The 
wood, called nijmo, is tonic and astringent. It 
contains the alkaloid doundakine. 

sarcocol, sarcocolla (sar'-ko-kol, sar-ko-kol'-ah) 
{<rap£, flesh; KoWa, glue: named from its vulnerary 
power]. 1. A gum-like drug, much used in India 
and Arabia, supposed to be the product of some 
species of Astragalus. 2. An African' resin with 
purgative qualities, the product of various plants 
of the genera Pencea and Sarcocolla. It is acrid and 
nauseous. 

Sarcocystis (sar-ko-sis'-tis) [sarco-; kvotis, a cyst]. 
A group of the sporozoa. S. miescheri, a parasite 
found in pork and beef. 

sarcocyte (sar'-ko-sit). See ectoplasm. 

sarcode (sar'-kod) |>ap£, flesh]. Animal proto- 
plasm. 

Sarcodina (sar-ko-di'-nah) [sarco-; bivq, a whirling]. 
A class of protozoa moving and feeding by means of 
pseudopddia, e. g., ameba. 

sarcoenchondroma (sar-ko-en-kon-dro'-mah). A 
combined sarcoma and enchondroma. 

sarcoepiplomphalus (sar-ko-ep-e-plom'-fal-us) [sar- 
co-; iirlirhoov, caul; bp.<t>a\6s, navel]. An umbilical 
hernia forming a fleshy mass, from great thickening 
of the omentum. 

sarcogenic (sar-ko-jen'-ik) [sarco-; yewav, to beget]. 
Producing flesh or muscle. 

sarcoglia (sar-kog' -le-ah) [sarco-; y\La, glue]. 
Sarcoplasm ; a protoplasmic substance containing the 
granules and nuclei composing the eminence of Doyen, 
or the point of entrance of a motor nerve into muscu- 
lar fiber. 

sarcohydrocele (sar-ko-hi'-dro-sel) [sarco-; vSup, 
water; k^Xt/, tumor]. A sarcocele complicated with 
hydrocele of the tunica vaginalis. 

sarcoid (sar'-koid) [sarco-; elSos, shape]. Re- 
sembling or having the nature of flesh. 

sarcolactic acid (sar-ko-lak'-tik). See acid, sar co- 
lactic. 

sarcolemma (sar-ko-lem'-ah) [sarco-; \enp,a, husk]. 
The delicate membrane enveloping a muscle-fiber. 

sarcolemmic, sarcolemmous (sar-ko-lem'-ik, sar- 
ko-lem'-us) [sarco-; \kp.p.a, covering]. Pertaining to 
or of the nature of sarcolemma. 

sarcology (sar-kol'-o-je) [sarco-; Xoyos, science]. 
1. The anatomy treating of the soft tissues, as 
distinguished from osteology. 2. Myology. 

sarcolyte (sar'-ko-lit) [<rdp|, flesh; \veii>, to dissolve].- 
A cell which is actively concerned in effecting the 
retrograde metamorphosis of soft tissues. 

sarcoma (sar-ko'-mah) [sarco-; 6fxa, tumor]. A 
tumor made up of embryonal connective tissue. 
It* is characterized by a great preponderance of 
cells and very little homogeneous or fibrillar inter- 
cellular substance, s. of Abernethy. See s., adipose. 
s., adipose, one containing fatty elements, s., 
alveolar, one in which groups of sarcoma-cells are 
contained in alveolar spaces, s., angiolithic. Syno- 
nym of psammoma. s., angioplastic, a tumor of 
the testicle first described by Malazzez and Monod 
as composed of a protoplasmic network with irregu- 
lar spaces and trabecular, the latter made up of 
anastomosing giant-cells. The name epithelioma 
syncytiomatodes testiculi is proposed for it. s. botry- 
oides, a grape-like variety of sarcoma found in the 
cervix uteri, s. carcinomatodes, a scirrhous cancer. 
s. deciduocellulare. See deciduoma malignum. 
s., encephaloid, a soft, rapidly growing sarcoma, 
usually of the round-celled variety, s. epulis. See 
epulis, malignant, s., giant-celled, one containing 
giant-cells as a prominent feature, s., glandular, 
Hodgkin's disease, s., granulation. See s., round- 
celled, s. lipomatodes, s., lipomatous, one charac- 
terized by infiltration of fat. s. lymphadenoides. 
See lymphosarcoma, s., mastoid, a sarcoma of the 
mammary gland, s., melanotic, a sarcoma, usually 
spindle-celled, in which the cells contain melanin. 
s. molle. See lymphosarcoma, s. molluscum, 



multiple connective-tissue tumors of the skin con- 
taining few spindle-cells, s., mucous. See myxo- 
sarcoma, s., Mueller's, "sarcoma phyllodes"; adeno- 
fibroma of the breast, s., myeloid. See s., giant- 
celled, s. myxomatodes, a myxosarcoma (q. v.). 
s. phyllodes. See s., Mueller's, s., round-celled, one 
made up of round-cells. There are two varieties, 
the small round-celled and the large round-celled, 
s. scroti, a sarcocele. s., spindle-celled, one made 
up of spindle-cells. Syn., recurrent fibroid. 

sarcomatoid (sar-ko' -mat-oid) [sarcoma; elSos, 
resemblance]. Resembling a sarcoma. 

sarcomatosis (sar-ko-mat-o'-sis) [sarcoma]. The 
formation of multiple sarcomatous growths in vari- 
ous parts of the body. s. generalis. Synonym of 
granuloma fungoides. 

sarcomatous (sar-ko' -mat-us) [sarcoma]. Of the 
nature of or resembling sarcoma. 

sarcomere (sar'-ko-mer) [sarco-; nepos, a part]. 
One of the segments into which a muscle-fibril 
appears to be divided by transverse septa. 

sarcomoscheocele (sar-ko-mos'-ke-o-sel) [sarco- ; 
bffx^ov, scrotum ; K17X77, tumor]. A fleshy scrotal tumor. 

sarcomphalocele, sarcomphalon (sar-kom-fal'-o-sel, 
sar-kom' -fal-on) [sarco-; o^aXos, navel; K17X77, tumor]. 
A fleshy tumor at the umbilicus. 

sarcophyma (sar-ko-fi'-mah) [sarco-; <pvp.a, a tumor]. 
A fleshy tumor; sarcoma. 

sarcoplasm (sar'-ko-plazm) [sarco-; irXaaa-eiv, to 
mold]. The hyaline or finely granular interfibrillar 
material of muscle tissue; the term is opposed to 
the myeloplasm or contractile substance. 

sarcoplasmic (sar-ko-plaz' -mik\. Containing or 
relating to sarcoplasm. 

sarcoplast (sar'-ko-plast) [sarco-; vXaaaeip, to 
mold]. A cell lying between muscular fibrils and 
capable of developing into a muscular fiber. 

sarcoplastic (sar-ko-plas'-tik) [sarcoplast]. Forming 
flesh. 

sarcopoietic (sar-ko-poi-et'-ik) [<rap%, flesh; voieiv, 
to make]. Producing flesh or muscle. 

Sarcopsylla (sar-kop-sil'-ah) |>ap£, flesh; ^iiXXa, 
flea]. A genus of siphonapterous or aphanipterous 
insects. S. penetrans, the chigoe. 

Sarcoptes (sar-kop'-tez) [sarco-; kotttciv, to cut]. 
A genus of mites. S. hominis, the itch-mite. S. 
scabiei. See acarus scabiei. 

sarcosepsis (sar-ko-sep'-sis) [sarco-; sepsis]. The 
presence of bacteria directly in the tissues. 

sarcosin (sar'-ko-sin) [sarcin], C3H7NO2. Methyl- 
glycocoll, a crystalline substance produced when 
creatin and caffeine are heated with baryta. 

Sarcosporidia (sar-ko-spor-id'-e-ah) [sarco-; Spori- 
dia]. A variety of psorosperms found in the muscles 
of cattle, sheep, swine, and other mammals. 

sarcosporidiasis (sar-ko-spo-rid-i'-a-sis) [Sarco- 
sporidia, a genus of psorosperms]. A disease pro- 
duced by sporozoa of the order Sarcosporidece. 

sarcostosis (sar-kos-to'-sis). 1. Bone formation in 
muscular tissues. 2. See osteosarcoma. 

sarcostroma (sar-ko-stro'-mah) [sarco-; ar/wjua, a 
covering]. A thick, fleshy, false membrane. 

sarcostyle (sar'-ko-stil) [sarco-; orOXos, a pillar]. 
One of the fine longitudinal fibrils of which a striated 
muscle-fiber is composed and into which it can be 
split up. 

sarcotherapeutics (sar-ko-ther-ap-u'-tiks) [sarco-; 
Oepa-irela, treatment]. The treatment of disease by 
means of animal extracts or substances. See organo- 
therapy. 

sarcotic (sar-kot'-ik) [(rapi-, flesh]. Pertaining to, 
or causing fleshy formation or sarcosis. 

sarcotome (sar'-ko-lom) [sarco-; rony, a cutting]. 
A surgical instrument for the division of soft tissues. 

sarcotripsy (sar'-ko-trip-se). See ecrasement. 

sarcous (sar'-kus) [<rap£, flesh]. Pertaining to 
flesh or muscle, s. element, one of the dark prisms 
of the ultimate fibrils of striped muscle-fibers, s. 
substance, the substance of a sarcous element. 

sardonic grin (sar -don' -ik). See risus sardonicus. 

sarkine (sar' -kin). Same as sar cine (1). 

Sarracenia (sar-yis-e'-ne-ah) [Dr. Sarrazin, of 
Quebec]. A genus of American insectivorous plants, 
e. g., side-saddle flower, or pitcher-plant, remarkable 
for their trumpet shaped leaves. S. purpurea, S. 
flava, and S. variolaris, are said to afford roots service- 
able in dyspepsia and gout. S. purpurea and S. 
violaris have been vaunted as a cure for smallpox. 
They are diuretic, diaphoretic, and stimulant. 
Dose of the fldext. gtt. xxv. 



SARSA 



781 



SAXIN 



sarsa (sar'-sah). Same as sarsaparilla. 

sarsaparilla (sar-sap-ar-il'-ah) [Sp., zarza, a. bram- 
ble]. The Smilax officinalis and other species of 
Smilax, of the order Liliacea. The dried root (sarsa- 
parilla, U. S. P.; sarsa radix, B. P.) contains a 
crystalline glucoside, parillin, C40H70O18. Sarsaparilla 
has been employed as an alterative in syphilis, rheu- 
matism, and scrofulous affections, s., decoction of 
(decoctum sarsa, B. P.). Dose 4-6 oz. (128-192 Cc). 
s., decoction of, compound (decoctum sarsce composi- 
tum, B. P.). Dose 4-6 oz. (128-192 Cc). s., fluid- 
extract of (fluidextractum sarsaparilla,, U. S. P.). Dose 
30-60 min. (2-4 Cc). s., fluidextract, compound 
{fluidextractum sarsaparilla compositum, U. S. P.). 
Dose 30-60 min. (2-4 Cc). s., liquid extract of (ex- 
tractum sarsa liquidum, B. P.). Dose 2-4 dr. (8-16 
Cc). s., syrup of, compound (syrupus sarsaparilla 
compositus, U. S. P.). Dose 1-4 dr. (4-16 Cc). 

sarsasaponin (sar-sah-sap'-on-in), i2(C22H360io) 
+ 2H2O. A glucoside found by Kobert (1892) in sar- 
saparilla. It is the most poisonous of its constitu- 
ents. 

sartian disease (sar'-shun). An endemic affection 
of the tropics, characterized by red indurated spots 
that finally ulcerate ; probably furunculus orientalis, 
q. v. 

sartorius (sar-to'-re-us) [sartor, tailor]. The tail- 
or's muscle, so called from being concerned in crossing 
the one leg over the other. See under muscle. 

sassafras (sas-a-fras) [Sp., from saxifraga, from 
saxum, rock; fr anger e, to break). The 5. variifolium, 
a tree of the order Laurinea. The root-bark (sas- 
safras, U. S. P.; sassafras radix, B. P.) is employed as 
an aromatic stimulant. The pith (sassafras medulla, 
U. S. P.) yields a mucilage (mucilago sassafras medul- 
la, U. S. P.) that is used as an application to inflamed 
eyes, and as a demulcent drink in inflammation of the 
mucous membranes and kidneys. s. nuts, pich- 
urim beans; the seeds of Nectandra pichury-major 
and N. pichury-minor. 

sassafrid (sas'-ah-frid). A peculiar principle of 
Sassafras officinale, isolated by Reinach. 

sassafrol (sas'-af-rol). See safrol. 

sassolin [It.]. Boric acid extracted from the de- 
posits in lagoons of Tuscany. 

Sassy bark (sas'-e). The bark of Erythrophlaum. 

sat. Abbreviation of saturated, sat. sol., ab- 
breviation of saturated solution. 

satamuli (sat-ah-moo'-le) . The native name in India 
for Asparagus racemosus. It is used as a diuretic and 
as a sedative in nervous pain. 

satellite (sat'-el-it) [satelles, an attendant]. In ana- 
tomy, the vein accompanying an artery. 

satellitism (sat' -el-it-izm) . Mutualism; symbiosis. 

satellitosis (sat-el-i-to'-sis). A condition in which 
there is an accumulation of free nuclei around the 
ganglion cells of the cortex of the brain; it is found 
in general paralysis and other affections. 

sathe, sathon (sa'-the, sa'-thon) [0-0.67]]. The penis. 

satiety (sa-ti'-e-te) [satis, enough]. Fulness be- 
yond desire. 

satisfied hydracarbon. One that has no free valen- 
ces; and see saturated. 

Satterthwaite's method of artificial respiration (sat'- 
er-thwdt). Pressure upon the abdomen alternating 
with relaxation to allow descent of the diaphragm. 

Sattler's vascular layer. The layer of blood-ves- 
sels of the choroid lying internally to Haller's tunica 
vasculosa. 

saturated (sat'-u-ra-ted) [saturare, to fill]. 1. Of 
a liquid, containing in solution all of a substance that 
it can dissolve. 2. Of a chemical compound, having 
all the affinities of its component atoms satisfied, 
with the maximum number of hydrogen atoms or 
their equivalents; a term especially applied to the 
hydrocarbons. And see satisfied hydrocarbon. 

saturation (sat-u-ra'-shun) [saturare, to fill]. 1. 
A state in which a liquid holds in solution all of a sub- 
stance that it can dissolve; the state of being or be- 
coming saturated. 2. Of a chemical compound, a 
state in which the affinities of all its atoms are sat- 
urated. s. of the atmosphere, that condition in which 
any reduction of temperature will be followed by a 
precipitation of the aqueous vapor mingled with the 
atmosphere, s-. points, the temperature at which 
the atmosphere contains as much moisture as it can 
possibly hold, in the form of vapor. 

satureia (sa-tur-e'-ya). A plant of the order Lab- 
iata. S. horiensis resembles thyme and is used as a 
culinary herb. 



saturnine (sat'-ur-nln) [Saturnus, a Roman deity; 
the alchemists' name for lead]. 1. Pertaining to or 
produced by lead. 2. Of gloomy nature, s. breath, 
the peculiar sweet breath characteristic of lead- 
poisoning, s. encephalopathy. See lead encephalop- 
athy. 

saturnism (sat'-ur nizm). Lead-poisoning; plumb- 
ism. 

satyria (sat-i'-re-ah). A genitourinary tonic said 
to consist of saw palmetto (Serenoa serrulata), false 
bittersweet (Celastrus scandens), muria-puama (Liri- 
osoma ovata), couch-grass (Agropyron repens), and 
phosphorus, administered in an aromatic vehicle. 
Dose 1 teaspoonful (5 Cc) 4 times daily after meals. 

satyriasis (sat-ir-i'-as-is) [oarvpos, a satyr]. Ex- 
cessive venereal desire in the man. Erotic insanity. 
See priapism. 2. Leprosy'. 

satyromania (sat-ir-o-ma' -ne-ah) . Same as sat- 
yriasis (1). 

saunders (sawn'-derz). See sandalwood. 

sauriasis (saw-ri'-as-is). Ichthyosis. 

sauriderma (saw-re-der'-mah) [oavpa, lizard; 8kpp,a, 
skin]. Ichthyosis. 

sauriosis (saw-re-o'-sis) [oavpa, lizard]. Ichthyo- 
sis. 

sausage-poisoning. A state of gastroenteritis pro- 
duced by the ingestion of decomposed sausage. Syn., 
allantiasis; botulism. 

sausarism (saw'-sar-izm) [oo.vo-api.oy.6s]. 1. Paraly- 
sis of the tongue. 2. Dryness of the tongue. 

sauterne (so' -tern) [Sauterne, a place in France]. A 
certain white wine. 

Sauvineau's ophthalmoplegia (so-vi7i-o). [Charles 
Sauvineau, French ophthalmologist, 1862- ]. Pa- 
ralysis of the internal rectus muscle of one side and 
spasm of the external rectus of the opposite side. 
This affection is the reverse of Paiinaud's ophthal- 
moplegia. 

Savill's disease [Thomas Dixon Savill, English phy- 
sician, 1856-1910]. An epidemic skin disease char- 
acterized by the appearance of a papular rash, fol- 
lowed by a branny desquamation and by marked 
constitutional symptoms. A fatal result may follow. 
Syn., dermatitis exfoliativa epidemica; epidemic eczema. 

savin, savine (sav'-in). A shrub, Juniperus sabina, 
of the order Conifera. The tops (sabina, U. S. P.; 
sabina cacumina, B. P.) contain a volatile oil (oleum 
sabina, U. S. P.) and possess marked irritant prop- 
erties. Savin is employed in amenorrhea, chronic 
rheumatism, gout, and as a local application to warts, 
ulcers, and parasitic affections of the skin, s., fluid- 
extract of (fluidextractum sabina, U. S. P.). Dose 
3-8 min. (0.2-0. s Cc). s., oil of (oleum sabina, U. 
S. P.). Dose 2-5 min. (0.13-0.32 Cc). s., ointment 
of (unguentum sabina, B. P.). s., tincture of (tinc- 
tura sabina, B. P.). Dose 20 min.-i dr. (1.3-4.0 
Cc). . 

Saviotti's canals (sah-ve-ot'-e). Fine artificial pas- 
sages formed between the secreting cells of the pan- 
creas by the forcible injection of a colored fluid into 
the ducts of that organ. 

savonal (sav'-on-al). Trade name of a soap mix- 
ture, used as a base for ointments. 

savory (sa'-vo-re) [savor, odor, or flavor]. Having 
a pleasant odor or flavor. See summer savory. 

saw. An instrument having a thin blade with 
sharp teeth on one edge, and used for dividing bones 
and other hard substances, s., Adams', a small 
straight saw with a long handle, s., Butcher's, one in 
which the blade can be fixed at any angle, s., chain-, 
one in which the teeth are set in links movable upon 
each other, the saw being moved by pulling alter- 
nately upon one and the other handle, s., crown-. 
See trephine, s., Gigli's, a wire with a serrated edge, 
used in cranial operations, s., Hey's, a serrated disc 
affixed to a handle, and used for enlarging an opening 
in a bone. 

saw-palmetto. The fruit of Serenoa serrulata ; seda- 
tive; nutritive and tonic. Dose of the fluidextract, 
5 ss-ij. 

saxifragant (saks-if -rag-ant) [saxum, a stone; 
fr anger e, to break]. Having the power of dissolving 
or breaking up calculi. 

saxifrage (saks'-if-raj) [saxum, a rock; fr anger e, to 
break]. Any plant of the genus Saxifraga, including 
many species of herbs, to some of which doubtful 
medicinal properties are ascribed. 

saxin (saks'-in) . Trade name of a sweetening agent 
more powerful than saccharin, and about 600 times 
sweeter than sugar. 



SAXOLINE 



782 



SCAPULAR 



saxoline (saks'-ol-en). A proprietary soft petro- 
latum. 

Sayre's apparatus, S.'s jacket (sair) [Lewis Albert 
Sayre, American surgeon, 1820-1900]. A jacket of 
plaster-of-paris molded to support the spine in dis- 
eases of the vertebral column. 

Sb. Chemical symbol of antimony (stibium). 

Sc. Chemical symbol of scandium. 

scab [scabere, to scratch]. 1. The crust formed by 
the desiccation of the secretion of an ulcer. 2. Sca- 
bies. 

scabbard (skab'-ard) [ME., scauberd, a sheath]. A 
veterinary term for the prepuce of the horse. 

scabbed (skabd) [scabere, to scratch]. Mangy, af- 
fected with scabies. 

scabby (skab'-e). Same as scabbed. 

scabies (ska'-be-ez) [scabere, to scratch]. Itch; a 
disease of the skin caused by an animal parasite, 
Sarcoptes scabiei, or itch-mite. The insect forms 
burrows or cuniculi beneath the skin, and causes ir- 
ritation, with vesicles, papules, or pustules, which are 
frequently modified by scratching, s. agria, lichen. 
s., Boeck's, scabies crustosa; Norwegian itch. s. 
capitis, a disease of the hairy scalp marked by exu- 
dation and formation of crusts. Syn., achores cap- 
itis, s. capitis favosa, favus. s. crustosa, an ex- 
treme form of general scabies of the body resulting 
in fish-scale-like desquamation. Syn., Norway itch. 
Cf. radesyge. s. fera. See ecthyma. s. ferina, 
mange, s. humida, s. miliaris, eczema, s. lymphatica, 
that accompanied by vesicular eruption. Syn., 
watery itch. s. papuliformis, s. papulosa, a form 
marked by papular efflorescence. Syn., rank itch. 
s. pecorina, a form affecting sheep. Syn., sheep-itch. 
s. purulenta, s. pustulosa, that in which there is for- 
mation of large pustules resembling those of smallpox, 
occurring on the wrists of children. Syn., Rocky itch. 

scabiophobia (ska-be-o-fo'-be-ah) [scabies, itch; 
<£6/3os, fear]. Morbid or insane fear of scabies. 

scabious (ska'-be-us) [scabiosus, rough, scabby]. 
1. Scabby or scaly. 2. As a noun, a plant of the 
genus Scabiosa; popularly regarded as useful in skin 
diseases and gout, and as a vulnerary. 

scabrities (ska-brisk '-e-ez) [scaber, rough]. Rough- 
ness; scabbiness. s. unguium, abnormal thickening 
and roughness of the nails. 

scala (ska'-lah) [L.]. A staircase or ladder, s. 
anterior cochleae, s. externa cochleae. See s. vesti- 
buli. s. clausa, s. inferior cochleae, s. interna cochleae. 
See 5. tympani. s. media, the space between the 
membrane of Reissner and the basilar membrane, 
containing the essential peripheral organs of hearing. 
s. rhythmica. See nucleus, hypoglossal, s. tympani, 
the canal lying below the osseous lamina and the 
basilar membrane of the internal ear. s. vestibuli, 
the canal bounded by the osseous lamina and the 
membrane of Reissner. See under ear. 

scald (skawld) [excaldere, to wash in hot water]. 1. 
The burn caused by hot liquids or vapors. 2. [Icel., 
skalli, a bare head]. A disease of the skin accom- 
panied by the formation of scabs, s.-head, see favus. 

scale (skal) [AS., scealu, a husk; a scale]. 1. The 
dry, semiopaque lamina of horny epidermis, shed from 
the skin in health and in various diseases. 2. [scala, 
a ladder]. Anything bearing marks placed at regular 
intervals and used as a standard in measuring, as 
barometric scale. 3. To remove the tartar from the 
teeth. 

scalene (ska'-len) [o-KaX^os, uneven]. Having un- 
equal sides, s. muscle. See scalenus under muscle. 
s. tubercle, a tubercle on the upper surface of the first 
rib for the insertion of the scalenus anticus muscle. 

scalenus (ska-le'-nus). See muscles, table of. 

scaler (ska'-ler) [ME., scale, scale]. In dentistry, 
an instrument for removing the tartar from the teeth. 

scaling (ska' -ling) [scale]. 1. Desquamating; pro- 
ducing scales. 2. A pharmaceutical method consisting 
of drying concentrated solutions of drugs on glass 
plates, s. the teeth, an old name for the operation, in 
dentistry, which consists in the removal of salivary 
calculus, commonly called tartar, from the teeth. 

scall (skawl) [ME., skalle, a scab]. Favus, im- 
petigo, psoriasis, eczema, or other skin-diseases, s., 
dry, psoriasis, scabies, s., milk, crusta lactea. s., 
moist, eczema. 

scallard (skal'-lard). Porrigo. 

scalled (skawld) [ME., skalle, a scab]. Affected 
with scall. 

scalp [ME., scalp, the top of the head]. The hairy- 
integument covering the cranium. 



scalpel (skal'-pel) [scalper e, to cut]. A small knife 
having a convex edge. 

scalprum (skal'-prum) [scalper e, to scrape]. 1. A 
toothed raspatory used in trephining and in removing 
carious bone. 2. A strong and large scalpel. 

scaly (ska'-le) [scale]. 1. Resembling scales; char- 
acterized by scales, as scaly desquamation. 2. Cov- 
ered with or having scales, s.-skin, a contagious dis- 
ease common in the Louisiade, Marshall, and Gilbert 
groups of South Sea Islands. It is an eruption of 
small, dry, horny scales, giving the sufferers a repul- 
sive appearance. It is probably mycetogenic in ori- 
gin, s. tetter, see psoriasis. 

scamma (skam'-ah) [oTcaju/xa, a trench]. Same as 
fossa. 

scammonin (skam'-o-min) [scammony]. A glu- 
coside found in scammony. It may be identical with 
jalapin. 

scammonium (skam-o' -ne-um) . See scammony. 

scammony (skam'-o-ne) [aKannuvia, scammony]. 
The dried juice of the root of Convolvulus scammon- 
ium. It is a drastic cathartic, and is generally given 
in combination with other drugs, s., resin of (resina 
scammonii, U. S. P.). Dose as an active purge for 
adults 5-15 gr. (0.3-1.0 Gm.). 

scandium (skan-de-um) [Scandia, Scandinavia]. A 
rare metal belonging to the aluminum group. Sym- 
bol Sc; atomic weight 44.1. See elements, table of. 

scanning, s. speech [scandere, to climb]. A pecu- 
liar slow and measured form of speech, occurring in 
various nervous affections, especially in multiple 
sclerosis. 

scansorius (skan-so'-re-us). See muscles, table of. 

Scanzoni's operation (skan-zo'^ne) [Friedrich Wil- 
helm Scanzoni, German obstetrician, 1821-1801]. A 
method of rotating the fetal head with the forceps in 
order to hasten delivery. 

scapha (ska'-fah) [crK&<f>r), trough]. 1. A trough. 
2. The scaphoid fossa. 

scaphocephaly, scaphocephalous (skaf-o-sef-al'-ik, 
skaf-o-sef-al-us) [see. scaphocephaly]. Having a boat- 
shaped head, from early ossification of the sagittal 
suture, which projects like the keel of a boat. 

scaphocephaly (skaf-o-sef'-al-us) [cuafo, a skiff; 
Ke<j>a\ri, head]. A boat-shaped appearance of the 
cranium, due to a premature union of the sagittal 
suture, or abnormal development. 

scaphocephaly (skaf-o-sef'-al-e) [o-Ka<f>r), boat; Ke<j>a\ij, 
head]. The condition of having a skull character- 
ized by a projecting, keel-like sagittal suture, due to 
its premature ossification. 

scaphocuboid (skaf-o-ku'-boid) [ovcd^, boat; cu- 
boid]. Pertaining to the scaphoid and cuboid bones. 

scaphohydrocephalus, scaphohydrocephaly (skaf-o- 
hi-dro-sef'-al-us, skaf-o-hi-dro-sef'-al-e) [a-Ka.<t>rj, boat; 
hydrocephalus]. Scaphocephaly due to hydroceph- 
alus. 

scaphoid (skaf'-oid) [<TKa.<j>rj, boat; eidos, like]. Boat- 
shaped, s. abdomen, the sunken abdomen seen in 
meningitis and in great emaciation, s. bone, a name 
given to a boat-shaped bone of the tarsus and of the 
carpus, s. fossa. See fossa, scaphoid. 

scaphoideum (skaf-oid'-e-um) [L.]. The scaphoid 
bone of the wrist or ankle. 

scaphoidoastragalan (skaf-oid-o-as-trag'-al-an). Re- 
lating to the scaphoid bone and the astragalus. 

scaphoidocuboid (skaf-oid-o-ku'-boid). Relating to 
the scaphoid and cuboid bones. 

scapholunar (skaf-o-loo'-nar) [<r/cd07j, boat; luna, 
moon]. Pertaining to the scaphoid and semilunar 
bones. 

scaphula (skaf -u-lah) [ovca<£i7, boat]. The fossa 
navicularis. 

scapula (skap'-u-lah) [L.]. The shoulder-blade, 
the large, flat, triangular bone forming the back of the 
shoulder. See bones, table of. scapulae alatae, of Ga- 
len and Aristotle, a wing-like appearance of the shoul- 
der-blade in thin persons of weak musculature, es- 
pecially in paralysis of the serratus magnus. 

scapulacromial (skap-u-lak-ro'-me-al) [scapula, 
shoulder-blade; acromion]. Pertaining to the acro- 
mion process of the scapula. 

scapulalgia (skap-u-lal-'je-ah) [scapula, the shoul- 
der-blade; a\yos, pain]. Pain in the neighborhood 
of the shoulder-blade. 

scapular (skap'-u-lar) [scapula]. Pertaining to the 
shoulder-blade, s. line, a vertical line drawn on the 
back through the inferior angle of the scapula. s # 
point, a tender point developed in neuralgia of th e 
brachial plexus and situated at the inferior angle f 



SCAPULARY 



783 



SCENT 



the scapula, s. reflex. See under reflex, s. region, 
the region of the back corresponding to the position 
of the scapula, the spine of which divides it into a 
supraspinous and an infraspinous region. 

scapulary (skap'-u-la-re). A bifurcated bandage, 
the two ends of which pass over the shoulders, while 
the single end passes down the back, all three being 
fastened to a body-bandage. 

scapulectomy (skap-u-lek'-to-me) [scapula; iKrofirj, 
excision]. Surgical removal of the scapula. 

scapulen (skap-u-len) [scapula, the shoulder-blade]. 
Belonging to the scapula in itself. 

scapulo- (skap'-u-lo-) [scapula, scapula]. A prefix 
denoting relation to the shoulder or scapula. 

scapuloclavicular (skap-u-lo-kla-vik' -u-lar) [scap- 
ula; clavicle]. Pertaining to the scapula and the 
clavicle. 

scapulocoracoid (skap-u-lo-ko' -rak-oid) [scapula, 
coracoid]. Pertaining to the scapula and the cora- 
coid process. 

scapulodynia (skap-u-lo-din' -e-ah) . Synonym of 
scapulalgia. 

scapulohumeral (skap-u-lo-hu'-mer-al) [scapula; 
humerus]. Pertaining to the scapula and the humer- 
us, s. amputation, removal of the arm at the shoul- 
der-joint. 

scapulopexy (scap-u-lo-pek'-se) [scapulo-; inj£is, 
fixation]. The operation of fixing the scapula to the 
ribs. 

scapulothoracic (skap-u-lo-tho-ras'-ik) [scapulo- ; 
thoracic]. Pertaining to the scapula and the thorax. 

scapulovertebral (skap-u-lo-ver' -te-bral) [scapula; 
vertebra]. Pertaining to the scapula and the spine. 

scapus (ska'-pus) [L.: pi., scapi]. A stem, shaft. 
s. penis, the body of the penis, s. pili, the hair- 
shaft. 

scar (skar). See cicatrix. 

scarfskin, scurfskin (skarf'-skin, skerf'-skin) [AS., 
scearfe, a fragment; skin]. The epidermis or 
cuticle. 

scarification (skar-if-ik-a'-shun) [scarify]. The 
operation of making numerous small, superficial in- 
cisions. 

scarificator (skar'-if-ik-a-tor) [scarify]. An instru- 
ment used in scarification, consisting of a number of 
small lancets operated by a spring. 

scarify (skar'-if-i) [scarificare, to scratch]. To make 
a number of small, superficial incisions. 

scarlatina (skar-lat-e'-nah) [scarlatinus, scarlet]. 
Scarlet fever. An acute, contagious, febrile disease, 
having a period of incubation varying from several 
hours to a week, setting in with vomiting or a chill, 
which is followed by high fever, rapid pulse, sore 
throat, and the appearance, at the end of the first or 
the second day of the disease, of a punctiform, scar- 
let-red eruption. The tongue, at first heavily coated 
and red at the tip and edges, soon shows prominence 
of the papillae, which are red and swollen (strawberry 
tongue). The eruption, at the appearance of which 
all the symptoms become intensified, gradually fades 
after five or six days, and is followed by a scaly des- 
quamation. A peculiarity of scarlatina is the ten- 
dency it has to involve the kidneys, s. anginosa, 
scarlatina with marked inflammation of the throat, 
s. cynanchica, see s. anginosa. s. gastrica, scarlet 
fever complicated with gastro-enteritis. s. gravior, 
malignant scarlet fever, s. haemorrhagica, scarlet 
fever, or more usually septic fever with hemorrhagic 
spots, s. laevis, mild scarlet fever, s. latens, scarlet 
fever without eruptions, s. papulosa, scarlet fever 
in which there are prominent papules, due to involve- 
ment of the hair follicles, s. pruriginosa, synonym 
of urticaria, s. puerperalis, see s. puerperal, s. pus- 
tulosa, scarlet fever with a pustular eruption, s. 
rheumatica, synonym of dengue, s. septica, a grave 
form of scarlet fever characterized by symptoms of 
septic intoxication, s. simplex, mild scarlet fever. 
s. sine angina, scarlet fever without throat symp- 
toms, s. sine eruptione, s. sine exanthemate, scarlet 
fever without the rash. s. traumatica, the eruption 
similar to that of scarlet fever, accompanied by feb- 
rile symptoms, which sometimes follow wounds or 
surgical operations, s. typhosa, malignant scarlet 
fever, with grave nervous symptoms, s. urticata, 
urticaria, s. maligna, s., malignant, a form charac- 
terized by an abrupt onset, high fever, convulsions, 
coma, and death, usually before the appearance of 
the eruption, s., puerperal, Littre's name for a rash 
resembling scarlatina sometimes followed by vesi- 
cation and pustulation of the affected parts, but 



without fever; observed in puerperants. Syn., ery- 
thema diffusum (Braun); porphyra (Retzius). 

scarlatinal, scarlatinoid, scarlatinous (skar-lat-e' - 
nal, skar-lat'-in-oid, skar-lat'-in-us) [scarlatina], i. 
Pertaining to or caused by scarlatina. 2. A disease 
simulating scarlatina, s. nephritis, the acute catar- 
rhal nephritis arising in the course of or during the 
convalescence from scarlatina. 

scarlatiniform (skar-lat-in'-if-orm). Synonym of 
scarlatinoid. 

scarlatinosis {skar -lat-in-o' -sis). The toxic state 
due to the specific toxin of scarlatina. 

scarlet fever. See scarlatina. 

scarlet red. A synthetic dye, the sodium salt of 
amidoazobenzeneazobetanaphtholdisulphonic acid. It 
has been used to heal wounds, in addition to its uses 
as a staining reagent. 

Scarpa's fascia [Antonio Scarpa, Italian anatomist, 
1747-1832]. The deep layer of the superficial ab- 
dominal fascia. S.'s foramina, the nasopalatine 
foramina, bony canals opening into the incisor canal, 
transmitting the nasopalatine nerves. S.'s ganglion, 
a ganglion near the internal auditory meatus, at the 
point of junction of the facial nerve and the vesti- 
bular branch of the auditory nerve; roots, facial and 
auditory nerves; distribution, internal ear. S.'s ha- 
benula. See Haller's habenula. S.'s hiatus. 1. See 
Breschet's helicotrema. 2. See foramen of Winslow. 
S.'s liquor, the endolymph of the labyrinth. S.'s 
membrane, the membrane which closes the fenestra 
rotunda of the tympanic cavity. S.'s nerve, the naso- 
palatine nerve. S.'s staphyloma, posterior staphy- 
loma; staphyloma of the posterior segment of the 
sclera. S.'s triangle, a triangular space having for 
its base Poupart's ligament, and for its apex the point 
of intersection of the sartorius and adductor longus 
muscles. 

scat (skat). A hermaphrodite. 

scatacratia (skat-ak-ra'-she-ah). See scoracratia. 

scatemia, scataemia (skat-e'-me-ah) [ctk&p, <tko.t6s, 
dung; alfia, blood]. Autointoxication from retained 
fecal matter. 

scatiatria (skat-i-at'-re-ah) [jk&p, aKards, dung; 
larpeia, a healing]. Medical treatment directed to the 
condition of the feces. 

scatocyanin (skat-o-si'-an-in) [<tk&p, aKaros, dung; 
Kvavos, dark-blue]. A derivative of chlorophyll, re- 
sembling but not identical with phyllocyanin, dis- 
covered by E. Schunck (1901). It crystallizes in 
rhombic plates, pale brown by transmitted light, 
purplish-blue with brilliant metallic luster by reflected 
light, decomposed by heat, insoluble in ether, alco- 
hol, or benzol; soluble in chloroform. 

scatol (ska'-tol). See skatol. 

scatologia, scatology (skat-o-lo'-je-ah, skat-ol'-o-je) 
[<tk&p, aKards, dung; Xoyos, science]. The science or 
study of excreta. 

scatologic (skat-ol-oj'-ik) [o-k&p, aKaros, dung; \6yos, 
science]. Pertaining to scatologia. 

scatophagous (skat-of'-ag-us) [aK&p, aKaros, dung; 
<payeiv, to eat]. Coprophagous ; excrement-eating. 

scatoscopy (ska-tos'-ko-pe) [an&p, aKaros, dung; 
aKoireiv, to inspect]. Inspection of the excreta. 

scatosin (skat'-o-sin) [truup, aKards, dung], O0H16N2- 
O2. A base isolated by F. Baum, 1893, from the 
products of pancreatic autodigestion; it is probably 
related to skatol. 

scatt (skat). See anthrax. 

scatula (skat'-u-lah) [L.]. An oblong, flat box for 
powders or pills. 

scatulation (skat-u-la'-shun) [ML., scatula, a box]. 
The state or condition of incasement. 

scavenger (skav'-en-jer) [AS., scedwian, to show]. 
One who cleans; a remover of waste and filth, s.- 
cells, wandering cells that take up debris; they are 
common in the nervous system. 

Sc. D. Abbreviation for Scientice Doctor, Doctor 
of Science. 

scelalgia (se-lal'-je-ah) [o-kcXos, leg; aXyos, pain]. 
Pain in a leg. s. puerperarum, synonym of phleg- 
masia alba dolens. 

scelotyrbe (sel-o-ter'-be) [oxeXos, leg; rbpfiri, vacil- 
lation]. Weakness or indecision in stepping, often 
due to a palsied condition, s. agitans, s. festinans 
(Sauvages), paralysis agitans. s. fibrilis. See sub- 
sultus tendinum. s. pituitosa. See enteritis, pseu- 
domembranous, s. spastica, chronic spasms affecting 
the lower limbs and causing lameness, s. taran- 
tismus, chorea. 

scent (sent) [ME., senten, to smell]. An effuvi u m 



SCHACHER'S GANGLION 



784 



SCHISTOPROSOPUS 



from any body capable of affecting the olfactory 
sense; odor, fragrance, s.-bag, same as s.-organ. 
s. gland, an odoriferous gland, or one secreting an 
odoriferous substance, s.-pore, the orifice of a scent- 
gland, s.-test, for plumbing. It is made by putting 
into the pipes a quantity of some pungent chemical, 
such as peppermint oil, the odor of which will escape 
from the defects in the pipes if there are any [Price], 
s.-vesicle, a vesicle containing odoriferous matter. 

Schacher's ganglion (shah'-ker) [Polycarp Gottlieb 
Schacher, German physician, 1674-1751]. The oph- 
thalmic ganglion. 

Schachowa's spiral tube (shak-ko'-vah) [Seraphina 
Schachowa, Russian histologist]. The section of a 
uriniferous tubule that lies between a convoluted and 
a looped tubule. 

Schaefer's dumb-bells. The dumb-bell shaped el- 
ements regarded by Schaefer as constituting the prim- 
itive fibrils of striped muscular tissue. S.'s reflex, 
pinching of the Achilles tendon at its middle or upper 
third causes slight flexion of the foot and toes in cases 
of organic hemiplegia. The significance of this reflex 
is the same as that of Babinski's toe phenomenon. 
S.'s [sign. 1. Of pregnancy: a characteristic dis- 
coloration in stripes, reddish on a livid background, 
which appears in the neighborhood of the urethra 
or on the vestibule of the vagina. The stripes run 
for the most part crosswise or oblique. The condi- 
tion is regarded as due to a vasomotor reaction de- 
pendent upon the life of the child as the stripes dis- 
appear as soon as the child within the womb is dead. 
2. Of hemiplegia: See Schaefer's reflex. 

Schaefer's method (sha'-fer) [Edward Albert Schae- 
fer, British physiologist, 1850- ]. Method of resus- 
citation in asphyxia or drowning: the patient is placed 
face downward, and pressure is made intermittently 
over the lower part of the thorax to induce natural 
breathing. 

Schede's method (sha'-deh) [Max Schede, German 
surgeon, 1844-1902]. A method of treating caries of 
bone. The diseased tissue is scraped away and the 
cavity allowed to fill with a blood-clot. The latter is 
kept moist and aseptic by a covering of gauze and 
protective. S.'s operation, a radical thoracoplasty 
in which the ribs from the second down and from 
their tubercles to the costal cartilages are excised 
with intercostal structures and parietal pleura. The 
skin and muscle flap is then sutured and in contact 
with the collapsed lung. 

Scheele's acid (sheel) [Karl Wilhelm Scheele, Swed- 
ish chemist, 1742-1783]- A 4 per cent, solution of 
hydrocyanic acid. S.'s green, cupric arsenite, CuH- 
AsOs. 

Scheiner's experiment (shi'-ner) [Christopher Schei- 
ner, German physicist, 1575-1650]. An experiment 
illustrating refraction and accommodation of the eye. 
The person looks through two pinholes made in a 
card and placed at a less distance than the diameter 
of the pupil. If the eye is emmetropic, or if ac- 
curately focused, the two sets of rays, passing through 
the pinholes, unite and form a single image. In a 
myopic or a hyperopic eye the object appears double. 

schema (ske'-mah) [axvn°-, form]. 1. A simple de- 
sign to illustrate a complex mechanism. 2. An out- 
line of a subject. 

schematic (ske-mat'-ik) [schema]. Pertaining to or 
of the nature of a schema, s. eye, one showing the 
proportions of a normal or typical eye. 

schemograph (ske'-mo-graf) [schema; ypa<t>eu>, to 
write]. An apparatus for tracing the outline of the 
field of vision; the measurement of the field is made 
with the perimeter. 

Schenk's method (shenk) [Leopold Schenk, Aus- 
trian physiologist, 1842-1902]. The determination 
of sex of infants by regulation of the mother's diet 
before and during pregnancy; that it is possible to 
govern the process of gestation so as to determine the 
sex of human offspring: "When no sugar is secreted, 
not even the smallest quantity, then the ovum will be 
developed which is qualified to become a male child." 

Scherer's test for inosite (sha'-rer) [Johan Joseph 
Scherer, 1814-1860]. Evaporate the substance to 
dryness on a platinum foil with nitric acid, add am- 
monia and one drop of calcium chloride solution, and 
carefully reevaporate to dryness. In the presence of 
inosite a rose-red residue is obtained. S.'s test for 
leucin, carefully evaporate the leucin to dryness on 
platinum foil with nitric acid. Add a few drops of 
sodium hydroxide and warm, and the colorless residue 
changes to a color varying from pale yellow to brown, 



according to the purity of the leucin; and further 
evaporation agglomerates it into an oily drop, which 
rolls about on the foil. S.'s test for tyrosin, carefully 
evaporate the substance to dryness on platinum foil 
with nitric acid. A yellow residue is formed (nitro- 
tyrosin) , which becomes a deep reddish-yellow color 
on the application of caustic soda. 

scherlievo (skair-le-a'-vo) [Ital.]. A form of ul- 
cerative syphilis prevalent in the Austrian seaports 
during the last century. 

scheroma {ske-ro' -mah) [axepos, dry]. Xeroph- 
thalmia. 

Scheurlen's bacillus (shoir'-lenz). A bacillus at 
one time thought to be the cause of carcinoma. 

Schick's reaction (shik) [ Schick, Austrian 

physician]. Schick uses a diphtheria toxin in a 
dilution of such strength that 0.1 c.c. equals 1/50 of 
the lethal dose of a 250 gram guinea pig. Of this 
toxin he injects 0.1 c.c. of a 1/1000 dilution. In 
those who react positively there is a reddening and 
infiltration developing in twenty-four hours and 
reaching a maximum in forty-eight hours; this 
indicates susceptibility to diphtheria, a negative 
reaction indicating immunity. 

Schiefferdecker's intermediate discs (she'-fer-dek- 
er). The substance which is assumed to fill in the 
space existing at Ranvier's nodes between Schwann's 
sheath and the axis-cylinder. It appears as a black 
line on staining with silver nitrate and forms the 
horizontal branch of Ranvier's Latin cross. 

Schiff's reaction for cholesterin [J. Moritz Schiff, 
German physiologist, 1823-1806]. Evaporate the 
substance over a small flame in a porcelain dish with 
a few drops of a mixture consisting of 1 part of a 
medium solution of ferric chloride and 2 or 3 parts of 
concentrated hydrochloric or sulphuric acid. In the 
presence of cholesterin a reddish-violet residue is first 
obtained and then a bluish-violet. S.'s test for car- 
bohydrates in urine, dip strips of paper in a mixture 
of equal parts of glacial acetic acid and xylidin, with 
a very little alcohol, and dry. Warm the urine with 
sulphuric acid, and expose the paper to the fumes. In 
the presence of carbohydrates the paper will be stain- 
ed red. S.'s test for urea, add to the urea a drop of 
a concentrated watery solution of furfural, and next 
a drop of hydrochloric acid of specific gravity 1.10. 
A play of color is produced, changing from yellow, 
green, and blue to purple. The same reaction is 
given by allantoin, but it is less intense. S.'s test 
for uric acid, allow the substance to dissolve in sodium 
carbonate, and on the addition of a solution of silver 
nitrate a reduction of black silver oxide is obtained. 
If a piece of filter-paper previously treated with silver 
nitrate solution is treated with a drop of the solution 
of the substance in sodium carbonate, a reduction of 
black silver oxide will also be formed on the paper. 

schindylesis (skin-dil-e'-sis) [ax^dvKriats, a clea- 
vage]. A form of articulation in which a plate of one 
bone is received into a fissure of another bone. 

schirrus (skir'-us). Synonym of scirrhus. 

schisto-, schiz-, schizto- (skis-to-, skiz-, skiz-to-) 
[axio-ros, cleft]. Prefixes meaning split or fissured. 

schistocelia, schistocoelia (skis-to-se'-le-ah) [schis- 
to-; KoiXla, cavity]. Abdominal fissure. 

schistocephalus (skis-to-sef'-al-us) [schisto-; Kt<f>aki), 
head]. 1. Having a fissured skull. 2. A monster 
with a fissured skull. 

schistocormus (skis-to-kor'-mus) [schisto-; kopuSs, 
trunk]. A monstrosity having a cleft thorax, neck, 
or abdominal wall. 

schistocystis (skis-to-sis'-tis) [schisto-; kihttis, blad- 
der]. Fissure of the bladder. 

schistocyte (skis' -to-slt) [schisto-; kvtos, a cell]. 1. 
A blood-corpuscle in process of segmentation. 2. 
Ehrlich's name for a poikilocyte. 

schistocytosis (skis-to-si-to'-sis) [schistocyte]. 1. An 
aggregation of schistocytes in the blood. 2. The split- 
ting process of blood-corpuscles. 

schistoglossia (skis-to-glos'-e-ah) [schistq-; y\ua<ra, 
tongue]. Cleft tongue. 

schistomelus (skis-tom' -el-us) [schisto-; y.ehos, limb]. 
A monstrosity with a cleft lower extremity. 

schistometer (skis-tom' -et-er) [schisto-; ukrpov, a 
measure]. A device for measuring the distance be- 
tween the vocal cords. 

schistoprosopia (skis-to-pro-so'-pe-ah) [schisto-; irpu- 
ffoirov, face]. Congenital fissure of the face. 

schistoprosopus (skis-to-pros-o'-pus) [see schis- 
toprosopia]. 1. Having a cleft or fissured face. 2. 
A monster having a fissure of the face. 



SCHISTORRHACHIS 



785 



SCHROETTER'S CATHETERS 



schistorrhachis, schistorrachis {skis-tor' -a-kis) [schis- 
to-; pdxis, spine]. Spina bifida. 

Schistosoma (skis-to-so'-mah) A genus of trema- 
tode worms of flukes. S. haematobium, a blood-fluke 
causing Egyptian hematuria. S. japonicum, an Asi- 
atic blood-fluke the cause of a disease endemic in cer- 
tain parts of China and Japan; there are enlargement 
of the liver and spleen, increased appetite, diarrhea, 
and frequently mucous, bloody stools. Syn., Schis- 
tosoma cattoi. 

Schistosomum (skis-to-so'-mum). See Schistoso- 
ma. 

schistosomus (skis-to-so'-mus) [schisto-; a&na, a 
body]. A variety of monster in which there is a 
lateral or median eventration extending the whole 
length of the abdomen, the lower extremities being 
absent or rudimentary. 

schistosternia (skis-to-ster'-ne-ah) [schisto-; arkpvov, 
sternum]. Sternal fissure. Synonym of schisto- 
thorax. 

schistothorax (skis-to-tho'-raks) [schisto-; thorax]. 
Fissure of the thorax. 

schistotrachelus (skis-to-lra'-kel-us) [schisto-; rpa- 
X^Aos, neck]. Fissured neck or cervix. 

schizaxon (skiz-aks'-on) [schiz-; axis]. An axon 
which divides in its course into equal or nearly equal 
branches. 

schizo- (ski-zo) [oxL$w, to split]. A prefix denoting 
split or cleft. 

schizoblepharia (skiz-o-blef-a'-re-a'h) [axlte^, to 
split; p\e<t>apoi>, eyelid]. Fissure of the eyelid. 

schizocyte. See schistocyte. 

schizocytosis. See schistocytosis. 

schizogenesis (skiz-o-jen'-es-is) [schizo-; ykveais, 
production]. Reproduction by fission. 

schizognathism {skiz-og'-na-thizm) [schizo-; yvaBos, 
jaw]. Cleavage of the jaw. 

schizogonic (skiz-o-gon'-ik). Relating to schiz- 
ogony. 

schizogony (skiz-og'-o-ne) [schizo-; yovia, genera- 
tion], i. Same as schizogenesis. 2. A form of mul- 
tiple division in which the contents of the oocyst 
eventually split up into swarm spores. Cf . sporogony. 

Schizomycetes (skiz-o-mi-se'-tez) [schizo-; hvktjs, a 
fungus]. The cleft fungi or bacteria, so called be- 
cause multiplying by fission. 

schizomycosis (skiz-o-mi-ko'-sis) [schizo-; nvKrjs, 
fungus]. A disease due to schizomycetes. 

schizont (skiz'-ont) [axtfeu>, to divide]. Schaudinn's 
term for the mother-cell in coccidia which, by mul- 
tiple division, gives rise to the crescentic swarm 
spores called merozoites. Syn., oudeterospore (E. R. 
Lankester, 1900) ; sporocyte (Ron, .1899). Cf. sporont. 

schizophrenia (skiz-o-fre'-ne-dh) [schizo-; (pprjv, 
mind]. Dementia precox. 

schizophyta (skiz-o-fi'-tah) [schizo-; <j>vr6v, plant]. 
Dried but viable schizomycetes. Fission-plants. 

schizo thorax (skiz-o-tho'-raks) . Synonym of schis- 
tothorax. 

schizotrichia (skiz-o-trik'-e-ah) [schizo-; 6pl£, hair]. 
Splitting of the hair. 

Schlange's sign. In cases of intestinal obstruction 
the intestine is dilated above the seat of obstruction 
and peristaltic movements are absent below that 
point. 

Schlatter's disease (shlahl'-er) [Carl Schlatter, Swiss 
surgeon, 1864- ]. A condition characterized by 
pain in the tubercle of the tibia, increased by exten- 
sion and pressure ; it occurs in athletes and is said to be 
due to separation of the tubercle of the tibia. 

Schleich infiltration anesthesia (shlikh) [Carl Lud- 
wig Schleich, German surgeon, 1859- ]. A local 
anesthesia produced by the hypodermatic injection 
of cocaine combined with a weak salt solution; by the 
addition of a little morphine the anesthetic action is 
prolonged. S. method of producing general anes- 
thesia, the administration of small doses of chloro- 
form, petroleum ether, and sulphuricether. S.'s sol- 
ution, 1 1 gr. of cocaine hydrochloride § gr. of mor- 
phine hydrochloride, 3 gr. common salt, dissolved in 
3 oz. and 3 dr. of sterilized water. 

Schlemm's canal (shlem) [Friedrich Schlemm, Ger- 
man anatomist, 1795-1858]. An irregular space or 
plexiform series of spaces occupying the sclero-corneal 
region of the eye; it is regarded by some as a venous 
sinus, by others as a lymph-channel. S.'s ligament, 
one of two ligaments connected with the shoulder- 
joints; the glenoideobrachial ligament. 

Schlesinger's type of syringomyelia. The dorso- 
lumbar type. 



Schmalz's operation (shmolts) . For stricture of the 
lacrimal duct: the introduction of a thread through the 
sac, and as far into the duct as possible. 

schmerzfreude {schmdrtz'-froy'-deh) [Ger., pain- 
joy]. A rare symptom of hysteria, in which pain or 
normally painful operations seem to the patient pleas- 
ant. 

Schmidel's anastomoses (shme'-del) [Casimir Chris- 
topher Schmidel, German anatomist, 1716-1792]. An 
abnormal anastomosis between the vena cava and one 
of the veins of the portal system. 

Schmidt's blood-coagulation theory. Para-globu- 
lin under the influence of fibrin-ferment enters into 
combination with fibrinogen, the result being fibrin. 
S.'s incisions. See Lantermann's incisions. S.'s 
(Ad.) method for demonstrating disturbances in the 
functions of the intestine, it is formed upon the 
amount of the fermentation of the feces. The patient 
is given daily 1560 Gm. milk, 4 eggs, 3 pieces (100 
Gm.) of zwieback, a plate of oatmeal-soup (40 Gm.), 
with 10 Gm. of sugar, a plate of flour soup made with 
25 Gm. of wheat flour and 10 Gm. of sugar, and a cup 
of bouillon; 120 Gm. of potatoes are also given. A 
small amount (0.3 Gm.) of carmin is given to color 
and designate the first stool to be examined. A small 
portion of the stool is dried to constant weight and 
weighed. It is then mixed with water and placed 
in a fermentation- tube and kept at 37 C. Fermen- 
tation with the evolution of gases sets in and is divided 
into an early and a late fermentation. Early fer- 
mentation occurs during the first 24 or 48 hours. ; 
Later fermentation begins slowly on the second or 
third day. In the early fermentation it is the starch 
that is acted upon, while in the late it-is the albumi- 
nous cellulose materials. Early fermentation can be 
considered as present only when in the first 24 hours 
an evident amount of gas is formed. Normally after 
the diet described there should be no such fermenta- 
tion. Its occurrence indicates faulty starch diges- 
tion and an abnormal condition of the bowels, espe- 
cially of the small intestine. S.'s nodes, a term for 
the medullated interannular segments of a nerve-fiber. 

Schmiedel's ganglion. The inferior carotid gang- 
lion. 

Schneiderian membrane {shni-de'-re-an) [Conrad 
Victor Schneider, German anatomist, 1614-1680]. 
The nasal mucous membrane. 

Schoen's theory of accommodation. See under 
accommodation. 

Schoenbein's reaction for copper (shen'-bin) [Chris- 
tian Friedrich Schoenbein, German chemist, 1799- 
1868]. On the addition of potassium cyanide and 
tincture of guaiac to a solution of a copper salt a blue 
coloration is produced. 

Schoenlein's disease (shen'-lin) [Johann Lucas 
Schoenlein, German physician, 1793-1864]. Peliosis 
rheumatica. S.'s triad, purpuric exanthem, rheu- 
matic phenomena, and gastrointestinal disorders in 
peliosis rheumatica. 

Schott's method {shot) [Theodor Schott, German 
physician, 1852- ]. 1. A method of treating heart 
disease by resisted exercise and special forms of baths. 
2. A system of gymnastic movements, accompanied 
by baths containing Nauheim salts, for the treatment 
of heart disease, anemia, and chronic rheumatism. 

Schreger's lines (shra'-ger) [Christian Heinrich 
Theodor Schreger, Danish anatomist, 1768-1833]. 
Curved lines in the enamel of the teeth, parallel to the 
surface; they are due to the optical effect produced 
by the simultaneous curvature of the dentinal 
fibers. 

Schreiber's maneuver (shri'-ber) [Julius Schreiber, 
German physician, 1849- ]. Friction of the skin 
of the thigh and leg to reinforce the patellar and 
Achilles tendon-reflexes. 

Schreiner's base (shri'-ner). See spermin. 

Schroeder's contraction ring (shro'-der). See Ban- 
dl's ring. S.'s test for urea, when added to a solution 
of bromine in chloroform the urea will decompose, 
with the formation of gas. 

Schroeder's method {shro'-der). For resuscitation 
of asphyxiated infants: the babe while in a bath is sup- 
ported by the operator on the back, its head, arms, 
and pelvis being allowed to fall backward; a forceful 
expiration is then effected by bending up the body 
over the belly, thereby compressing the thorax. 

Schroetter's catheters (shret'-er) [Leopold von Kris- 
telli Schroetter, Austrian laryngologist, 1837-1908]. 
Instruments of hard rubber and of varying caliber, 
somewhat triangular on section, used for the dilata- 



SCHROTH'S CURE 



786 



SCIRRHOBLEPHARONCUS 



tion of laryngeal strictures. S.'s chorea, laryngeal 
chorea. 

Schroth's cure (shrot) [Johann Schroth, German 
physician, 1800-1856]. Dipsotherapy; a method of 
treating certain diseases by reducing to a minimum 
the liquid ingested by the patient. 

Schueffner's dots (shoof'-ner) [Wilhelm Schueffner, 
German pathologist]. Red granules seen in ery- 
throcytes, after Romanowski staining, in benign ter- 
tian malarial infections. 

Schuele's sign (shoo'-leh) [Heinrich Schuele, German 
neurologist]. Vertical folds between the eyebrows, 
forming the Greek letter omega (omega melancholicum) 
frequently seen in subjects of melancholia. 

Schueller's ducts. The ducts of Skene's glands. 
Schultze's cells. The olfactory cells. S.'s com- 
ma-shaped tract, a small tract of descending fibers in 
the posteroexternal column of the spinal cord near the 
gray commissure. S.'s fold, a fold formed by the 
amnion near the insertion of the umbilical cord when 
the cephalic end of the fetus encroaches upon the 
latter. S.'s granules, finely granular masses in the 
blood formed by the breaking-up of the blood-plaques. 
S.'s method of resuscitation, the child is seized from 
behind with both hands, by the shoulders, in such a 
way that the right index finger of the operator is in 
the right axilla of the child from behind forward, and 
the left index finger in the left axilla, the thumbs 
hanging loosely over the clavicles. The other three 
fingers hang diagonally downward along the back of 
the thorax. The operator stands with his feet apart 
and holds the child as above, practically hanging on^ 
the index fingers in the first position, with the feet 
downward, the- whole weight resting on the index 
fingers in the axilla?, the head being supported by 
the ulnar borders of the hands. At once the operator 
swings the child gently forward and upward. When 
the operator's hands are somewhat above the hori- 
zontal, the child is moved gently, so that the lower 
end of the body falls forward toward its head. The 
body is not flung over, but moved gently until the 
lower end rests on the chest. In this position the 
chest and upper end of the abdomen are compressed 
tightly. The child's thorax rests on the tips of the 
thumbs of the operator. As a result of this forcible 
expiration the fluids usually pour out of the nose and 
mouth of the infant. The child is allowed to rest 
in this position one or two seconds. The operator 
gradually lowers his arms, the child's body bends 
back, and he again holds the infant hanging on his 
index fingers with its feet downward. These move- 
ments are repeated 15 or 20 times in the minute. 
S.'s position of the placenta, the position assumed by 
the placenta when its central portion bulges down- 
ward and is expelled in advance of the periphery. S.'s 
reagent for cellulose, iodine dissolved to saturation in 
a zinc chloride solution of specific gravity 1.8, and the 
addition of 6 parts of potassium iodide. This reagent 
turns cellulose blue. S.'s test for cholesterin, evap- 
orate to dryness with nitric acid, using a porcelain 
dish on the water-bath. In the presence of choles- 
terin a yellow residue is obtained, which changes to 
yellowish-red on the addition of ammonia. S.'s test 
for proteids, to a solution of the proteid add a few 
drops of a dilute cane-sugar solution and then con- 
centrated sulphuric acid. On warming and keeping 
the temperature at 6o° C. a bluish-red color is pro- 
duced. 

Schultze-Chvostek's sign. See Chvostek's symp- 
tom. 

Schwabach's test (shvah'-bak) [Dagobert Schwa- 
bach, German otologist, 1846- ]. The duration of 
the perception of a vibrating tuning-fork placed upon 
the cranium is prolonged beyond the normal in cases 
of middle-ear disease, but shortened when the deaf- 
ness is due to a central cause. 

Schwalbe's convolution (shval'-beh) [Gustav Albert 
Schwalbe, German anatomist, 1844- ]. The first 
occipital convolution. S.'s fissure, one between the 
lower portion of the temporosphenoidal and the occi- 
pital lobes. S.'s nucleus, the principal vestibular 
nucleus. S.'s sheath, the delicate sheath which cov- 
ers elastic fibers. S.'s space, the subvaginal space 
of the optic nerve. 

Schwann, primitive bundle of [Theodor Schwann, 
German anatomist, 1810-1882]. A muscular fiber. 
S., sheath of, the neurilemma of a nerve-fiber. S., 
white substance of, the myelin of a medullated nerve- 
fiber. 

Schwarz's reaction for sulphonal. Upon heating 



sulphonal with charcoal the odor of mercaptan is 
evolved. 

Schwediauer's disease (shva'-de-ow-er) [Francois 
Xavier Schwediauer, Austrian physician, 1748-1824]. 
Same as Albert's disease. 

Schweinfurth green (shvln-foort) . Synonym of 
Paris-green. 

Schweitzer's reagent for cellulose (shvi'-tser) . Cop- 
per sulphate, 10 parts; water, 100 parts. Add potas- 
sium hydroxide, 5 parts, in water 50 parts. Wash 
the precipitate and dissolve in 20% ammonia solu- 
tion. This reagent dissolves cellulose. 

schwelle (shvel'-eh) [Ger., "threshold"]. The 
threshold, or limen, of any sensation; nerve-excitation 
which just fails of producing a sensation. 

sciage (se'-ahzj) [Fr., "sawing"]. A to-and -fro- 
sawing movement in massage, practised with the ul- 
nar border, or with the dorsum of the hand. 
sciagram. See skiagram. 
sciagraphy. See skiagraphy. 
sciameter. See skiameter. 

sciascopia, sciascopy (ski-as-ko'-pe-ah, ski-as'-ko- 
Pe). _ See retinoscopy. 

sciatic (si-at'-ik) [laxlov, ischium]. 1. Pertaining to 
the ischium, as the sciatic notch. 2. Pertaining to 
the sciatic nerve, as sciatic neuralgia, s. nerve, see 
nerve, s. notch, see notch, s. spine, a triangular 
eminence on the dorsal border of the body of the is- 
chium, s. scoliosis, see scoliosis. 

sciatica (si-at'-ik-ah) [ischiaticus, from ischium], 
A disease characterized by neuralgic pain along the 
course of the sciatic nerve. It usually follows ex- 
posure to cold and wet, and is dependent upon in- 
flammation of the nerve. In addition to pain there 
are numbness and tingling, tenderness along the 
course of the nerve, and eventually wasting of the 
muscles. See Felt treatment of sciatica. 

science (si' -ens) [scire, to know]. Systematized 
and classified knowledge. S., Christian, a method of 
treating disease upon principles similar to those upon 
which faith-cure rests. 

scientific (si-en-tif'-ik) [scientia, knowledge; facer e, 
to make]. Relating to science. That which is based 
upon science. 

scientist (si'-en-tist) [scientia, science]. A savant; 
one versed in science. 

scieropia (si-er-o'-pe-ah) [<™<.ep6s, shady; a>f, eye]. 
Defective vision in which all objects appear dark. 
scilla (sil'-ah). See squill. 
scillain (sil'-a-in). See scillitoxin. 
scillin (sil-in). An inactive substance obtained 
from squills. 

scillipicrin (sil-ip-ik'-rin) [scilla; imcpos, bitter]. 
A yellowish-white, amorphous, hygroscopic powder 
obtained from squill. It is used as a diuretic in doses 
of 8-45 gr. (0.5-3.0 Gm.) daily. 

scillism (sil'-izm) [scilla]. Poisoning from extracts 
or tinctures of squill due to the contained glucOside 
scillitoxin. It is marked by vomiting, retarded pulse, 
and stupor. 

scillitic (sil-it'-ik). Pertaining to or containing 
squill. 

scillitin (sil'-it-in). A white or yellowish resinous 
substance, the bitter principle of squill. 

scillitoxin (sil-it-oks'-in) [scilla; to£ik6v, poison]. 
An amorphous, light-brown, bitter, active principle 
of squill. It is soluble in alcohol, insoluble in ether 
and water, and a cardiac poison somewhat resembling 
digitalis. It is used as a diuretic in doses of bV^V &■ 
(0.001-0.002 Gm.) several times daily; maximum 
daily dose f gz. (0.05 Gm.). 

scillocephalus (sil-o-sef'-al-us) [ovaXXa, squill; 
Ke<j)aKri, head]. 1. Congenital deformity of the head, 
in which it is small and conically pointed, or squill- 
shaped. 2. A person with a squill-shaped head, 
usually an idiot. 
. scillopicrin (sil-o-pik'-rin). See scillipicrin. 
scillotoxin (sil-o-toks'-in). See scillitoxin. 
scintillascope (sin-til' -ah-skop) [scintilla, a spark; 
oKowelv, to observe]. Same as spinthariscope, 
q. v. 

scintillation (sin-til-a'-shun) [scintillare, to sparkle]. 
An emission of sparks. Also a subjective visual sen- 
sation as of sparks. 

scirrhencanthis (skir-en-kan'-this) [o>app6s, hard; 
iv, in; icavdos, canthus]. Scirrhus of the lacrymal 
gland. 

scirrhoblepharoncus (skir-o-blef-ar-ong'-kus) [oxip- 
p6s, hard; p\k4>apov, eyelid; 67/coj, tumor]. A hard 
tumor of the eyelid. 



SCIRRHOCELE 



787 



SCLEROMATOCYSTIS 



scirrhocele (skir'-o-sel) [cruppos, hard; K17X77, tumor]. 
Scirrhous tumor of the testicle. 

scirrhoid (skir'-oid) [scirrhus; eI5os, like]. Resem- 
bling a scirrhus. 

scirrhoma (skir-o'-mah). See scirrhus. s. cam- 
inariorum, chimney-sweep's carcinoma. 

scirrhophthalmia (skir-off-thal'-me-ah)[<ricipp6s, hard; 
6<p0a\n6s, eye]. Scirrhus of the eyeball. 

scirrhosarca (skir-o-sar'-kah) [scirrhus; <rdp£, flesh]. 
Hardening of the flesh, especially of new-born infants; 
sclerema neonatorum. 

scirrhosis (skir-o'-sis) [aKippbs, hard]. The for- 
mation of a scirrhous carcinoma. 

scirrhous (skir'-us) [scirrhus]. Hard. 
scirrhus (skir'-us) [ffaippos, hard]. A hard car- 
cinoma. 

. scissile (sis' -I) [scindere, to divide]. Capable of 
being divided. 

scission (sizh'-un) [scindere, to cut]. A cutting 
or splitting of anything; fission. 

scissiparity (sis-ip-ar'-it-e) [scissus, p. p. of scin- 
dere, cut, divide; par ere, to bring forth]. In biology, 
generation by fission; schizogenesis. 

scissor-leg (siz'-or-leg). A deformity that some- 
times follows double hip-joint disease; the legs are 
crossed in walking. 

scissors (siz'-orz) [scindere, to cut]. An instru- 
ment consisting of two blades held together by a 
rivet, and crossing each other so that in closing they 
cut the object placed between them. The blades 
may be straight, angular, or curved, s., artery, a 
scissors, one blade of which is probe-pointed, for in- 
troduction into a duct or canal, s., canalicular, del- 
icate scissors, one blade of which is probe-pointed, 
used in slitting the lacrymal canal, s., cannula, scis- 
sors for slitting any canal or tube longitudinally, s., 
craniotomy, a strong S-shaped instrument used in 
craniotomy for perforating the skull and cutting away 
portions of bone, s., iris, one having flat blades 
which are bent in such a manner that they may be 
applied to the eyeball. Also, scissors used in iri- 
dectomy, s., perforator, see s., craniotomy, s., skin- 
grafting, an instrument consisting of a forceps and a 
scissors, the former for seizing a small piece of skin, 
and the latter for cutting it off. s., uvula, one design- 
ed for removal of the uvula, s., de Wecker's, a pe- 
culiar modification of iris-scissors. 

scissura (sis-u'-rah) [scindere, to cut]. A fissure; a 
splitting, s. pilorum, a splitting of the ends of the 
hairs. 

Sclavo's serum (sklah'-vo). A serum used in the 
treatment of anthrax; it may be given hypodermically, 
intravenously, or by mouth; the average dose is 40 Cc. 
sclera (skle'-rah) [o-kXj/pos, hard]. The sclerotic 
coat of the eye; the firm, fibrous, outer membrane of 
the eyeball, continuous with the sheath of the optic 
nerve behind and with the cornea in front, s. testis, 
the tunica albuginea of the testis. 

scleracne (skle-rak'-ne) [anX-qpos, hard; acne]. Acne 
indurata. 

scleradenitis (skle-rad-en-i'-tis) [V/cXtjpos, hard; 6.bi)v, 
a gland; ins, inflammation]. See adenosclerosis. 
scleral (skle-raV) [sclera]. Pertaining to the sclera. 
sclerangia (skle-ran'-je-ah) [sclera; ayyelov, a ves- 
sel]. 1. A sense of hardness yielded by a vessel. 2. 
See angiosclerosis. 

scleratitis (skle-rat-i'-tis). Same as scleritis. 
sclerectasia (skle-rek-ta' -ze-ah) [sclera; Iktclois, ex- 
tension]. Localized bulging of the sclera. 

sclerectoiridectomy (skle-rek-to-ir-id-ek'-to-me) . Ex- 
cision of a portion of the sclera and of the iris, for 
glaucoma. 

sclerectomy (skle-rek'-to-me) [sclero-; eKrofirj, ex- 
cision]. 1. Excision of a portion of the sclera. 2. 
The excision of the sclerosed and ankylosed conduc- 
tors of sound in chronic catarrhal otitis media. 

scleredema (skle-re-de'-mah). See sclerema cedem- 
atosum. 

sclerema (skle-re'-mah) [sclera]. Sclerosis, or hard- 
ening, especially of the skin. S. adiposum, a grave 
form of sclerema neonatorum marked by extreme 
hardness of the skin, atrophy, and adherence to the 
subcutaneous tissues, s. adultorum, see morphea. 
s. cutis, scleroderma, s. neonatorum, a disease of 
the newborn characterized by a hardening of the sub- 
cutaneous tissue, especially of the legs and feet, and 
probably dependent on a coagulation of the fat. s. 
cedematosum, a generally fatal form of sclerema 
neonatorum marked by edema of the skin with indur- 
ation, impairment of muscular action, and subnormal 



temperature. Syn., compact edema of infants, s. 
partial, Schwimmer's name for scleroderma occurring 
in limited areas. Syn., Sclereme en plaques, s. uni- 
versale, Schwimmer's name for scleroderma affecting 
at once the whole surface of the body, or from single 
areas of sclerosis of the skin gradually diffusing itself 
over the entire body. Syn., Carcinus eburneus (Ali- 
bert); Cutis tensa chronica (Fuchs); Elephantiasis 
sclerosa (Rasmussen); Sclerosis corii (Wilson). 

scleremia, scleremus (skle-re'-me-ah, -mus). Same 
as sclerema. 

sclerencephalia (skle-ren-sef-a'-le-ah) [aKKrjpbs, hard; 
eyK&f>a.\os, brain]. Sclerosis of brain-tissue. 

sclererythrin (skle-rer'-ith-rin) [vKh-qpos, hard; 
epWpos, red]. A red substance obtained from ergot. 

scleriasis (skle-ri'-as-is) [sclera]. Scleroderma. 

scleritic (skle-rit'-ik) [<tk\vpos, hard]. Sclerous. 

scleriritomy (skle-rir-W -o-me) [aK\rjp6s, hard, sclera; 
ronn, a cutting]. Incision of the conjunctiva, sclera, 
and iris, followed, by excision of a piece of the iris 
and anterior capsule, in staphyloma of the cornea and 
secondary glaucoma. 

scleritis (skle-ri'-tis) [sclera; ins, inflammation]. 
Inflammation of the sclerotic coat of the eye. It 
may exist alone (simple scleritis or episcleritis) or 
may be combined with inflammation of the cornea, 
iris, or choroid. 

sclero- (skle-ro-) [<tk\t)p6s, hard]. 1. A prefix 
meaning hard. 2. A prefix denoting connection 
with the sclera. 

sclerocataracta (skle-ro-kat-ar-ak'-tah) [sclero-; /car- 
apdrj7s, cataract]. A hard cataract. 

sclerochoroiditis (skle-ro-ko-roid-i'-tis) [sclero-; 
choroiditis]. Inflammation of the choroid and the 
sclerotic coat of the eye. 

scleroconjunctival (skle-ro-kon-jungk-ti'-val) [sclero- ; 
conjunctiva, conjunctiva]. Pertaining conjointly to 
the sclerotic coat of the eye and the conjunctiva. 

scleroconjunctivitis (skle-ro-kon-junk-ti-vi'-tis) . 

Simultaneous conjunctivitis and scleritis. 

sclerocornea (skle-ro-kor'-ne-ah). The sclera and 
cornea regarded as one. 

sclerocornea! (skle-ro-kor'-ne-al) [sclero-; cornea]. 
Pertaining conjointly to the sclerotic coat and the 
cornea of the eye. 

sclerocyclotomy (skle-ro-si-klot'-o-me) [sclero-; 
kvk\os, a circle; toutj, a cutting]. Hancock's opera- 
tion of division of the ciliary muscle. 

sclerodactylia, sclerodactyly (skle-ro-dak-til'-e-ah, 
skle-ro-dak' -til-e) [sclero-; 8clktv\os, finger]. A disease 
of the fingers (or toes) allied to scleroderma. It is 
usually symmetrical, occurs chiefly in women, and 
leads to marked deformity. 

scleroderma (skle-ro-der'-mah) [sclero-; bkp^a, 
skin]. A disease characterized by a progressive 
induration of the skin, occurring either in circum- 
scribed patches (see morphea) or diffusely. The 
skin becomes hard, pigmented, and firmly attached 
to the underlying tissues; destructive changes may 
also occur, and joints may become immobile from 
adhesions of the skin. The cause of scleroderma is 
not known, s. circumscribed. See morphea, s. 
neonatorum. See sclerema neonatorum, s. cede- 
matosa. See sclerema cedematosum. 

sclerodermatitis (skle-ro-der-mat-i'-tis) [sclero- ; 
depua, skin; ins, inflammation]. Inflammatory 
thickening and hardening of the skin. 

sclerodermatous (skle-ro-der' -mat-us) [sclero- ; 
Sep/ia, skin]. Having a hard outer covering. 

sclerodermitis (skle-ro-der-mi'-tis) . Scleroderma- 
titis. 

sclerogenous (skle-roj'-en-us) [sclero-; yewav, to 
beget]. Producing a hard substance. 

sclerogeny (skle-roj'-en-e) [see sclerogenous]. The 
formation of sclerous tissue. 

scleroid (skle'-roid) [o-/cXt?p6s, hard; eiSos, form]. 
Hard or bony in texture. 

sclerotitis (skle-ro-i-ri'-tis) [sclero-; tpis, iris; ins, 
inflammation]. Inflammation of the sclera and the iris. 

sclerokeratitis (skle-ro-ker-at-i'-tis) [sclero-; kera- 
titis]. Inflammation of the sclera and the cornea. 

sclerokeratoiritis (skle-ro-ker-at-o-i-ri'-tis). Com- 
bined inflammation of the sclera, cornea, and iris. 

scleroma (skle-ro' -mah) [sclero-; 6/xa, tumor]. 
Abnormal hardness or induration of a part. s. 
adultorum. Synonym of scleroderma, s., respira- 
tory, rhinoscleroma. 

scleromatocystis (skle-rom'-at-o-sist-is) [sclero-; 
Kvans, a bladder]. Induration of a cyst, but espe- 
cially of the gall-bladder or urinary bladder. 



SCLEROMENINX 



788 



SCOLIOLORDOSIS 



scleromeninx (skle-ro-me'-ninks) [sclero-; p.r)i>i-y£, 
membrane]. The dura mater. 

scleromere (skle'-ro-mer) [sclero-; (ikpos, a part]. 
Any metamere or segment of the skeleton, such as a 
primitive vertebra. 

sclerometer (skle-rom'-et-er) [sclero-; ukrpov, a 
measure]. An apparatus for determining the hard- 
ness of substances. 

scleromucin (skle-ro-mu'-sin) [sclero-; mucus]. 
A gummy substance obtained from ergot, and con- 
sidered one of its active principles. 

scleronychia {skle-ro-nik'-e-ah) [sclero-; &w£, nail]. 
Induration and thickening of the nails. 

scleronyxis (skle-ron-ik'-sis) [sclero-; vbfa, a prick- 
ing]. Puncture of the sclera. 

sclero-ophoritis (skle-ro-o-for-i'-tis) [sclero-; u>bv, 
egg; tpopos, bearing; itw, inflammation]. Sclerosis 
of the ovary. 

sclerophthalmia (skle-roff-thal'-me-ah) [sclero-; 6<p- 
8aKp.os, eye]. Xerophthalmia. , 

sclerosal (skle-ro'-sal) [<ric\r)p6s, hard]. Of the 
nature of sclerosis. 

sclerosarcoma (skle-ro-sar-ko'-mah) [sclero-; sar- 
coma]. A hard, fleshy tumor, especially of the gums. 

sclerose (skle'-roz) [<TK\rjp6s, hard]. To affect 
with sclerosis; to become affected with sclerosis. 

sclerosed (skle'-rozd) [sclerosis]. Affected with 
sclerosis; hardened. 

sclerose en plaques (skla-ros' on(g) plahk). Syno- 
nym of sclerosis, multiple. 

sclerosis (skle-ro'-sis) [<tk\tip°s> hard]. Hardening, 
especially a hardening of a part from an overgrowth 
of fibrous tissue; applied particularly to hardening of 
the nervous system from atrophy or degeneration of 
the nerve-elements and hyperplasia of the interstitial 
tissue; also to a chronic inflammation of the arteries 
characterized by thickening of their coats, s., 
amyotrophic lateral, a combination of chronic an- 
terior poliomyelitis with lateral sclerosis, s., annu- 
lar, a chronic myelitis, in which the sclerosis extends 
about the cord like a ring, s., arterio-. See endar- 
teritis, s., atrophic, sclerosis with atrophy.^ s., 
cerebrospinal. See s. disseminated, s. combined, 
simultaneous sclerosis of the posterior and the lateral 
columns of the spinal cord, s., corii. Synonym of 
scleroderma, s. dermatis. Synonym of scleroderma. 
s., diffuse, one extending through a large part of the 
brain and cord, s., disseminated, a form in which 
numerous sclerotic patches are scattered through the 
brain and cord, s., focal, one confined to a particular 
region of the brain or cord, s., general, a connective 
tissue hyperplasia affecting an entire organ, s., 
initial, the syphilitic chancre, s., insular. See s., 
multiple, s., lateral. See lateral sclerosis, s. lobar, 
sclerosis of a lobe of the brain, s. of the lung. 
Synonym of pneumonia, interstitial, s. of middle 
ear, v. Troeltsch's name for otitis media hypertrophica. 
s., miliary, small sclerotic patches such as have been 
observed in the spinal cord in some cases of pernicious 
anemia, s. multilocular. See sclerosis, disseminated. 
s., multiple, chronic induration occurring in patches 
in different parts of the nervous system. The 
principal symptoms are muscular weakness and 
tremor upon essaying voluntary action, s., multiple 
cerebral, multiple sclerosis affecting only the brain. 
s., multiple cerebrospinal, multiple sclerosis affecting 
both the brain and the spinal cord, s., neural, 
sclerosis attended by chronic neuritis, s. ossium. 
Synonym of ostitis, condensing, s., posterior spinal, 
locomotor ataxia; tabes dorsalis, q. v. s., postero- 
lateral. See Friedreich's ataxia, s., progressive 
muscular. Synonym of pseudohypertrophic muscular 
paralysis, s., renal. Synonym of nephritis, inter- 
stitial, s., syphilitic, arterio-, the arterial sclerosis 
due to syphilis. It affects chiefly the intima, but 
also the adventitia. _ s. telae cellularis et adiposae, 
scleroderma, s. testis, sarcocele. s., tuberous, a 
form marked by hypertrophy and increased density 
of the involved areas, s., ulcerating, the primary 
lesion of syphilis; Hunterian or indurated chancre, 
s., vascular, sclerosis of the walls of blood-vessels; 
arteriosclerosis. 

scleroskeletal (skle-ro-skeV -et-aV) [sclero-; aKeKerov, 
a dry body]. Pertaining to a scleroskeleton. 

scleroskeleton (skle-ro-skeV -et-on) [sclero-; skele- 
ton]. In biology, ossifications other than the bones 
of the main endoskeleton. 

sclerostenosis (skle-ro-sten-o'-sis) [sclero-; stenosis]. 
I. Sclerosis with stenosis. 2. Scleroderma, s. cu- 
tanea, scleroderma. 



sclerosteous (skle-ros'-te-us) [sclero-; barkov, bone]. 
A bony formation resulting from osseous deposit in a 
tendon. 

Sclerostoma (skle-ros'-to-mah) [o-kXtzpos, hard; 
arbp-a, mouth]. A genus of nematoid worms. S. 
duodenale. Same as Ankylostoma duodenale. 

Scleroth's cure (skla'-rot). The treatment of 
pleuritic effusions by diet, i. e., the withdrawal of 
fluids for the purpose of causing absorption of the 
effusion. 

sclerothrix (skle'-ro-thriks) [sclero-; 6pi^, hair]. 

1. Abnormal hardness of the hair. 2. Of Metchni- 
koff, a genus of Mycobacteriacece included in Myco- 
bacterium, Lehmann and Neumann. 

sclerotic (skle-rot'-ik) [sclera]. 1. Hard; indurated. 

2. Pertaining to the outer coat of the eye. 3. Re- 
lated to or derived from ergot, s. coat. See sclera. 

sclerotica (skle-rot'-ik-a). See sclera. 

scleroticectomy (skle-rot-ik-ek'-to-me) [sclero-; Ik- 
toplti, excision]. The removal of a part of the sclera. 

scleroticochoroiditis (skle-rot-ik-o-ko-roid-i'-tis) .. 
See sclerochoroiditis. 

scleroticonyxis (skle-rot-ik-on-ik'-sis) . See scler- 
onyxis. 

scleroticopuncture (skle-rot-ik-o-punk'-tur). Same 
as scleronyxis, q. v. 

scleroticotomy (skle-rot-ik-ot'-o-me) [sclero-; ropi\ r 
a cutting]. Incision of the sclerotic. 

sclerotidectomy (skle-rot-id-ek'-to-me). See scler- 
onyxis. 

sclerotis (skle-ro'-tis) [aic\rip6s, hard]. The ergot 
of rye, q. v. 

sclerotitic (skle-ro-tit'-ik) [sclero-; ins, inflamma- 
tion]. Affected with sclerotitis. » 

sclerotitis (skle-ro-W -tis) . See scleritis. 

sclerotium (skle-ro'-she-um) [sclera]. A thick 
mass of hyphse constituting a resting-stage in the 
development of some fungi, as the ergot. 

sclerotome (skle'-ro-tom) [sclero-; rkp.vtiv, to cut]. 
1. A knife used in sclerotomy. 2. A hard tissue 
separating successive myotomes in certain of the 
lower vertebrates. 3- The skeletal tissue of an 
embryonic metamere. 

sclerotomy (skle-rot'-o-me) [see sclerotome]. The 
operation of incising the sclera, s., anterior, the 
making of an incision through the sclera anterior 
to the ciliary body, and entering the anterior chamber, 
as is done in glaucoma, s., posterior, sclerotomy by 
an incision through the sclera behind the ciliary 
body, and entering the vitreous chamber. 

sclerotonyxis (skle-ro-to-niks'-is) [sclero-; vv£is r 
a pricking]. An operation for cataract formerly 
practised, in which a broad needle was introduced 
into the sclera, behind the ciliary region, passed 
between the iris and the lens, and the latter depressed 
into the vitreous. 

sclerotrichia (skle-ro-trik'-e-ah) [sclero-; 0pi£, hair]. 
A harsh and dry state of the hair. 

sclerous (skle'-rus) [a/cX^pos, hard]. Hard; in- 
durated. 

sclerozone (skle'-ro-zon) [sclero-; zone]. That 
portion of the surface of a bone giving attachment 
to the muscle derived from a given myotome. 

sclopetarius (sklo-pel-a'-re-us) [L.]. Relating to a 
gun. sclopetaria vulnera, gunshot wounds. Syn. r 
sclopetica vulnera. 

scobinate (sko'-bin-at) [scobus, a file]. Having a 
rough surface. 

scoleciform (sko-les'-if-orm) [emiX?^, a worm;. 
forma, form]. Having the form or character of a. 
scolex. 

scolecitis (sko-le-si'-tis) [scclex; ir«, inflammation]. 
Appendicitis. 

scolecoid (sko'-le-koid) [o-kwXt?ko€i5j7s, worm-like]. 
1. Vermiform. 2. Resembling a scolex. 

scolecoidectomy (sko-le-koid-ek'-to-me). Removal' 
of the vermiform appendix. 

scolecoiditis (sko-le-koid-i'-tis) [scolex; eldos, like- 
ness; irts, inflammation]. Appendicitis. 

scolecology (sko-le-kol'-o-je). See helminthology. 

scolectomy (sko-lek'-to-me). Appendicectomy. 

scolex (sko'-leks) [o-KuXrf, a worm]. The head of 
a tape-worm, giving rise to the chain of proglottides. 

scolices (sko'-lis-ez). Plural of scolex. 

scolicoiditis (sko-le-koid-i'-tis) . Gerster's name for 
appendicitis. 

scoliocoiditis (sko-le-o-koid-i'-tis). Nothnagel's 
term for appendicitis. 

scoliolordosis (sko-le-o-lor-do'-sis). Combined sco- 
liosis and lordosis. 



SCOLIOMA 



789 



SCROBICULUS 



scolioma (sko-le-o'-mah). Curvature of the spine. 
See scoliosis. 

scoliometer, scoliosometer (sko-le-om'-et-er, sko- 
le-o-som' -et-er) [<tko\u>s, bent; fikrpop, measure]. An 
instrument for measuring the extent of a scoliosis. 

scolioneirosis (sko-le-o-ni-ro'-sis) [oxoXios, bent; 
6veip6s, a dream]. Oppressive, disagreeable dreaming. 

scoliorrhachitic, scolioracbitic (sko-le-o-ra-kit'-ik) 
[scoliosis; rachitis]. Pertaining to or produced by 
scoliosis and rickets. 

scoliosiometry (sko-le-o-se-om'-et-re) [scoliosis; fikr- 
fiov, a measure]. The estimation of the degree of 
deformity in scoliosis. 

scoliosis (sko-le-o'-sis) [o-/coXi6s, curved]. A morbid 
lateral curvature of the spine, s., cicatricial, scoli- 
osis due to cicatricial contraction, such as occurs 
after costal necrosis, s., empyematic, that due to 
empyema, s., habit, scoliosis as a result of faulty 
posture, s., inflammatory, scoliosis due to caries 
of the vertebra?, s., myopathic, a form due to 
paresis of the muscles of the spine, s., osteopathic, 
spinal curvature caused by disease of the vertebrae. 
s., paralytic, the same as s., myopathic, s., rhachitic, 
spinal curvature due to rhachitis. s., rheumatic, 
temporary scoliosis caused by rheumatism of the 
muscles of the spine, s., sciatic, scoliosis in sciatica 
with the convexity toward the affected side. Fre- 
quently there is compensatory curvature higher up, 
and the leg is slightly flexed and supported on the 
toe. s., static, scoliosis as a result of inequality in 
the length of the lower limbs. 

scoliosometer (sko-le-os-om'-e-ter) [<tko\i6s, curved; 
iikrpov, measure]. An instrument for measuring the 
amount of deformity in scoliosis. 

scoliotic (sko-le-ot'-ik) [scoliosis]. Pertaining to 
or marked by scoliosis. 

scoliotone (sko'-le-o-ton) [scoliosis; tovos, a stretch- 
ing]. An apparatus for elongating the spine and 
lessening the rotation in lateral curvature. 

scolopsia (sko-lop'-se-ah) [o-k6\o^, anything point- 
ed]. A suture between two bones having reciprocal 
movement. 

scombrin (skom'-brin) [Scomber, a genus of fishes]. 
A protamine obtained from mature spermatozoa of 
mackerel. 

scombron (skom'-bron). Bang's name for a histon 
obtained from immature spermatozoa of mackerel. 

scoop [AS., skopa]. An instrument resembling a 
spoon, for the extraction of bodies from cavities, as 
an ear-scoop, lithotomy-scoop. 

scooper's pneumonia. The chronic form of 
pneumonia occurring in grain-scoopers from exposure 
to cold and dust. 

scoparin (sko'-par-in) . See under scoparius. 

scoparius (sko-pa'-re-us) [scopa, a broom]. The 
Cytisus scoparius, a shrub of the order Leguminosce. 
The dried tops constitute the scoparius of the U. 
S. P. (scoparii cacumina, B. P.); they contain the 
alkaloid sparteine, C15H26N2, and a neutral principle, 
scoparin, C21H22O10. Scoparius is diuretic and ca- 
thartic, these actions probably depending upon sco- 
parin. Dose of the fluidextract 20-40 min. (1.3-2.6 
Cc). For properties of spartein, see sparteine. 

-scope (skop) [o-Koirelp, to examine]. A suffix, 
signifying to see or examine; usually forming a part 
of the name of some instrument. 

scopola (sko'-po-lah) [after Giovanni Antonio 
Scopoli, Italian naturalist and physician, 1723-1787]. 
The dried rhizome of Scopola carniolica. Dose 1-3 
gr. (0.05-0.15 Gm.). The rhizomes of S. japonica and 
5. carniolica contain the alkaloid scopolamine or 
scopoleine, used as a mydriatic. 

scopolamine, scopoleine (sko-pol'-am-en, sko-pol'- 
e-in). The active principle of Scopola carniolica, 
C17H22XO4, an alkaloid apparently identical with 
hyoscine, used with morphine in producing anesthesia 
by Schneiderlin's and Korff's method (see under 
anesthetic, local), s. hydrobromide (scopolamine 
hydrobromidum, U. S. P.), CirHoiXCuHBr, hygro- 
scopic crystals, used as a mydriatic and sedative. 
Externally in ophthalmology, T Vi % solution; 
subcutaneously for the insane, e &a -A gr. s. narco- 
phine anesthesia. Same as twilight sleep, q. v. 

scopolia (sko-po'-le-ah). See scopola. 

scopomorphinism (sko-po-mor'-fin-izm). Associ- 
ated chronic addiction to scopolamine and morphine. 

scopophobia (sko-po-fo' -be-ah) [aKoirelv, to examine; 
<t>6(ios, fear]. A morbid dread of being seen. 

-scopy [aicoirelv, to examine]. A suffix denoting 
inspection or examination. 



scoracratia (sko-rak-ra'-she-ah) [oxcop, feces; aKparla, 
want of conrtol]. Involuntary evacuation of the 
bowels. 

scorbutic (skor-bu'-iik) [scorbutus]. Pertaining to, 
affected with, or caused by scorbutus or scurvy, 
s. cancer. Synonym for cancrum oris. 

scorbutus (skor-bu'-tus) [L.]. See scurvy. s. 
alpinus. See pellagra, s. nauticus. See scurvy. 
s. oris. See cancrum oris. 

scordinema (skor-din-e'-mah). See pandiculation. 

scoretemia, scoretaemia (skor-e-te'-me-ah). See 
scatemia. 

scotodinia (skot-o-din'-e-ah) [o-*6tos, darkness; 
SZpos, a whirl]. Vertigo associated with the appear- 
ance of black spots before the eyes. 

scotogram (skot'-o-gram) [ctkotos, darkness; ypa^eiv, 
to write]. See skiagram. 

scotograph (skot'-o-graf) [<tk6tos, darkness; ypaxfreiv, 
to write]. 1. An instrument for aiding the blind 
to write. 2. A name given to the picture produced 
by means of the so-called Roentgen-rays. See rays. 
Roentgen-. 

scotography (skot-og'-rcf-e). Skiagraphy. 

scotoma (skot-o'-mah) [a-Korufia, darkness: pi., 
scotomata]. A dark spot in the visual field, s., 
absolute, scotoma with perception of light entirely 



absent, s., annular. See 



ring, s., central, 



one limited to the region of the visual field corre- 
sponding to the macula lutea. s., color-, color- 
blindness limited to a part of the visual field, and 
which may exist without interruption of the field 
for white light, s., flittering. See 5. scintillans. 
s., negative, a defect due to the destruction of the 
retinal center, and which is not noticeable to the 
patient, s., positive, a scotoma perceptible to the 
patient as a dark spot before his eyes, s., relative, 
a scotoma within which perception of light is only 
partially impaired, s., ring-, a zone of scotoma 
surrounding the center of the visual fie Id. s. scin- 
tillans, s., scintillating, a scotoma with serrated 
margins extending peripherally and producing a 
large defect in the visual field. Syn., fortification- 
spectrum. 

scotomatous (skot-o'-mat-us). Pertaining to or 
affected with scotoma. 

scotometer (skot-om'-et-ur) [<tk6tos, darkness; 
fikrpov, a measure]. 1. An instrument for detecting, 
locating, and measuring scotomata. 2. An instru- 
ment used in the detection of central scotomata. 

scotoscopy (skot-os' -ko-pe) [<tkot6s, darkness; cko- 
irelv, to inspect]. See retinoscopy. 

scotosis (skol-o'-sis). See scotoma. 

scototherapy (skot-o-ther'-ap-e) [o-kotos, darkness; 
6epaireia, therapy]. The treatment of malaria and 
other diseases by keeping the patient in a dark room 
and in the intervals between the attacks of the disease 
clothing him in garments impenetrable by light. 

Scott's dressing, S.'s ointment. Compound 
mercury ointment. 

scourge (skerj) [ME., scourge, scourge]. 1. Any 
severe epidemic disease of a fatal character. 2. To 
strike the skin with light withs or with knotted 
cords in order to produce counter-irritation. 

scouring (skowr'-ing) [ME., scour en, to scour]. 
Purging; also, diarrhea, s. rush, the stalks of 
Equisetum hyemale. Diuretic and astringent. Dose 
of fldext. itr xx-3j. See equisetum. 

scraper (skra'-per) [ME., scrapien, to scrape]. 
An instrument used to produce an abrasion, s., 
tongue, an instrument used to remove accumulations 
of exfoliated epithelium and other foreign material 
from the tongue. 

scrattage (skrat-ahzj) [Fr.]. Ophthalmoxysis, 
the oldest method of mechanical treatment of tra- 
choma, the scratching out of the granules; revived 
in 1890. Syn., brassage. 

screatus (skre-a'-tus) [L.]. 1. A hawking. 2. A 
neurosis characterized by paroxysms of hawking. 

screw-worm. The larva of the fly Chrysomyia 
macellaria. It is found in tropical America where 
it may cause fatal results in man by burrowing into 
the nasal or aural cavities. 

scrivener's palsy. See writer's cramp. 

scrobiculate (skro-bik'-u-lat) [scrobiculus, a little 
ditch or trench]. Pitted or grooved. Possessing 
minute or shallow depressions. 

scrobiculus (skro-bik'-u-lus) [L.J. A small pit. 
s. cordis, the depression at the epigastrium; the pit 
of the stomach, s. variolas, a scar made by a small- 
pox pustule. 



SCROFULA 



790 



SEBASTOMANIA 



scrofula (skrof-u-lah) [scrofa, a sow]. A term 
formerly applied to a peculiar condition charac- 
terized by enlargement of the lymphatic glands and 
necrosis of the bones; it is at present considered a 
form of tuberculosis. 

scrofulelcosis {skrof-u-lel-ko'-sis) [scrofula; 1\ku- 
o-is, ulceration]. Scrofulous ulceration. 

scrofulide {skrof'-u-lld). See scrofuloderm. 

scrofulism (skrof-u-lizm). The scrofulous dia- 
thesis or condition. 

scrofuloderm (skrof'-il-lo-derm) [scrofula; depua, 
the skin]. A disease of the skin due to scrofula, and 
generally characterized by superficial irregular ulcers 
with undermined edges. The cause is probably the 
tubercle bacillus. 

scrofulome {skrof'-u-lom) [scrofula; 5fia, tumor]. 
A tumor of a supposed scrofulous nature or origin. 

scrofulonychia (skrof-u-lo-nik'-e-ah) [scrofula; bvv£, 
nail]. Onychia maligna. 

scrofulophyma {skrof-u-lo-fi' -mah) [scrofula; <pvp.a, 
growth]. Scrofuloderma tuberculosum. s. diffu- 
sum, elephantiasis scrofulosa. 

scrofulosis (skrof-u-lo'-sis) [scrofula]. The state 
characterized by the presence of scrofula; a scrofulous 
diathesis. 

scrofulotuberculosis (skrof-u-lo-tu-ber-ku-lo'-sis). 
Attenuated tuberculosis. 

scrofulous (skrof'-u-lus) [scrofula]. Having the 
nature of, affected with, or produced by scrofula. 

scroll (skrol) [ME., scrolle]. A roll of paper, or 
anything folded so as to resemble a roll, s.-bone, 
a turbinate bone, s.s, olfactory, the turbinate bones. 

scrophularin (skrof-u-la'-rin). A principle ob- 
tained by Walz from Scrophularia nodosa. 

scrotal (skro'-tal) [scrotum]. Pertaining to or 
contained in the scrotum, as scrotal hernia. 

scrotitis (skro-ti'-tis) [scrotum; ins, inflammation]. 
Inflammation of the scrotum. 

scrotocele (skro'-to-sel) [scrotum; k^X??, tumor]. 
Same as scrotal hernia. 

scrotopexy (skro'-to-peks-e) [scrotum; irrjfa, a 
fixing in]. Longuet's term for the preservation of 
the scrotum which results from the extraserous 
transplantation of the testicle in cases of varicocele. 
Cf. orchidopexy ; vaginopexy. 

scrotum (skro'-tum) [L.]. The pouch containing 
the testicles, consisting of skin, dartos, spermatic 
fascia, cremasteric fascia, infundibuliform fascia, and 
parietal tunica vaginalis, s. cardis, the pericardium, 
s., lymph, dilatation of the scrotal lymphatics, ele- 
phantiasis of the scrotum. 

scruff (skruf) [origin obscure]. A popular name 
for the nape, or back of the neck. 

scrumpox (skrum'-poks). A name used in England 
among school-children for impetigo contagiosa. 

scruple (skroo'-pl) [scrupulus, dim. of scrupus, a 
sharp stone]. In apothecaries' weight, 20 grains; 
represented by the sign 9. 

scrupulosity (skroo-pu-los'-it-e) [scrupulosus, exact]. 
An over-precision, or morbid conscientiousness as 
to one's thoughts, words, and deeds. It is some- 
what common among insane persons of a certain 
type. 

sculcopin (skul'-ko-pin). The proprietary name 
for a preparation of hydrastis and skull-cap, used 
as a local astringent. 

Scultetus' bandage (skul-te'-tus) [Johann Scultet, 
German surgeon, 1 505-1645]. A bandage used in 
compound fractures, so arranged that the short 
pieces of which it is composed may be removed with- 
out motion of the limb. 

scurf (skerf) [AS.]. A bran-like desquamation 
of the epidermis, especially from the scalp; dandruff. 

scurvy (sker'-ve) [scurf]. A disease observed among 
persons who have been deprived of proper food for a 
length of time; it is characterized by spongy gums, 
extravasations of blood beneath the skin, hemorrhages 
from the mucous membranes, fetor of the breath, 
and painful contractions of the muscles. It is 
most common among sailors living on salt meats, 
s. of the Alps, pellagra, s.-grass, Cochlearia offici- 
nalis, a plant of the order Cruciferce, the properties 
of which reside in a volatile^oil resembling oil of 
mustard. It is used in scurvy and in chronic rheuma- 
tism, s., land-. See purpura hemorrhagica. 

scute {skut) [scutum, a shield]. A crescentic 
plate forming the outer wall of the attic. 

Scutellaria (sku-tel-a'-re-ah) [scutellum, a little 
shield]. A genus of the Labiatae. The dried plant 
of S. lateriflora, skullcap, is the Scutellaria of the 



U. S. P., and is employed in neuralgia, chorea, 
delirium tremens, and other nervous affections, s., 
fluidextract of (fluidextractum Scutellaria, U. S. P.). 
Dose 1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc). 

scutellarin (sku-tel-ar'-in). 1. An impure precipi- 
tate from an alcoholic tincture of Scutellaria. Dose 
3-4 gr. (0.2-0.26 Gm.). 2. C10H8O3. A nontoxic 
principle derived from the root of Scutellaria lateri- 
flora, forming flat yellow needles, soluble in alcohol, 
ether, or alkalies, melting at iqq° C. It is used as a 
tonic and sedative in nervous diseases. Dose I-4 gr. 
(0.05-0.26 Gm.). 

scutiform (sku'-tif-orm) [scutum, a shield]. Shield- 
shaped, s. leaf, the first-formed leaf or cotyledon 
in Salvinia, so named from its peculiar shape. 

scutulate (sku'-tii-lat) [scutulum]. Shaped like a 
lozenge. - 

scutulum (sku'-tu-lum) [dim. of scutum, a shield]. 
Any one of the thin plates of the eruption of 
favus. 

scutum (sku'-tum) [scutum, a shield; pi., scuta], 
1. A shield-like plate of bone. 2. The thyroid 
cartilage. 3- The patella, s. cordis, the sternum, 
s. genu, the patella, s. pectoris, the thorax, s. 
thoracis, the sternum, s. tympanicum, the semi- 
lunar plate or bone separating the attic of the tym- 
panum from the outer mastoid cells. 

scybala (sib'-al-ah). Plural of scybalum (q. v.). 

scybalous (sib'-al-us) [scybalum]. Of the nature 
of a scybalum. 

scybalum (sib'-al-um) [<rKv(ia\ot>, fecal matter]. 
A mass of abnormally hard fecal matter. 

scymnol (sim'-nol) [Scymnus, a » genus of sharks], 
C27H46O5 or C32H54O6. An organic base obtained by 
Hammarsten from the bile of sharks. 

scyphoid (si'-foid or ski'-foid) [<tkv<j>os, a drinking- 
cup]. Cup-shaped. 

Scythian disease (sith'-e-an). Atrophy of the male 
genital organs with loss of strength. 

scythrospasmus (si-thro-spaz'-mus) [aKv6p6s, angry; 
airaanos, spasm]. A heavy or fatigued expression, 
regarded as an evil symptom in grave disease. 

scytitis (jsi-ti'-tis) [otcuxos, skin; ins, inflammation]. 
Inflammation of the skin; dermatitis. 

scytoblasta (si-to-blas'-tah). See scytoblastema. 

scytoblastema (si-to-blas-te'-mah) [o-kvtos, skin; 
pXavrrina, germ]. The primitive or embryonic stage 
of the development of the skin. 

scytoblastesis (si-to-blas-te'-sis) [vkvtos, skin; 0Xa<r- 
rrina, germ]. The condition and progress of scyto- 
blastema. 

scytodephic, scytodepsic (si-to-de'-fik, si-to-dep'- 
sik) [(tkvtos, a hide; b&l/eiv, to soften]. Relating to 
tannin; tannic. 

scytomorphosis (si-to-mor-fo'-sis) [anvros, skin; 
tibp<puavs, shaping]. An abnormal development of the 
skin. 

Se. Chemical symbol of selenium. 

seal (sel) [ME., seel, seal]. A body of water, or 
other material, placed in the trap of a house-drain for 
the purpose of preventing the ingress of sewer air. 

seam (sem). See suture and raphe. 

seamstress's cramp. A painful cramp affecting 
the fingers of seamstresses; an occupation-neurosis 
analogous to writer's cramp. 

searcher (serch'-er). A sound used for. the detec- 
tion of stone in the bladder. 

sea-onion. See squill. 

sea-sickness. A condition occurring in persons 
aboard ship, produced by the rolling of the ship, and 
characterized by vertigo, nausea, retching, and pros- 
tration. A similar state may be induced by riding 
in cars, elevators, etc. 

sea-tangle. See laminaria. 

seat-worm. See oxyuris. 

sebaceofollicular (se-ba-se-o-fol-ik'-u-lar). Relating 
to a sebaceous follicle. 

sebaceous (se-ba'-shus) [sebum, fat]. Pertaining 
to sebum; secreting sebum, s. crypt, sebaceous gland. 
s. cyst, a cystic tumor formed by occlusion of the 
duct of a sebaceous gland, with retention of the 
secretion, dilatation, and thickening of the wall of the 
gland. It contains a grayish-white cheesy material. 
s. glands, s. follicles, compound saccular glands 
associated with the hair-follicles, and secreting a 
semifluid substance, the sebum, composed of oil- 
droplets and broken-down epithelial cells. 

sebadilla (seb-ad-il'-ah). See sabadilla. 

sebastomania (se-bas-to-ma'-ne-ah) [aefiaaTos, re- 
vered; navia, madness]. Religious insanity. 



SEBIFEROUS 



791 



SEDENTARY 



sebiferous (se-bif-er-us) [sebum, iat;ferre, to bear], 
Same as sebiparous. 

Sebileau's sublingual hollow (seb-il-o). A pyra- 
midal area with its base upward, extending along 
beneath the tongue, and formed by the oral mucosa 
and the sublingual glands, the apex below at the point 
where the mylohyoid muscle covers the geniohyoid. 

sebiparous (seb-ip'-ar-us) [sebum; par ere, to pro- 
duce]. Secreting sebum. 

sebolith (seb'-o-lith) [sebum; \Ldos, a stone]. A 
concretion in a sebaceous gland. 

seborrhagia (seb-or-a'-je-ah). See seborrhea. 

seborrhea, seborrhoea (seb-or-e'-ah) [sebum; poia, 
a flow]. A functional disease of the sebaceous glands, 
characterized by an excessive secretion of sebum, 
which collects upon the skin in the form of an oily 
coating or of crusts or scales, s. congestiva, lupus 
erythematosus, s. capillitii, s. capitis, seborrhea of 
the scalp, s. corporis, seborrhea of the trunk, s. 
faciei, seborrhea of the face. s. flavescens. See 
5. nasi. s. ichthyosis, a variety characterized by the 
formation of large, plate-like crusts, s. nasi, sebo-, 
rhea of the sebaceous glands of the nose. s. nigra, 
s. nigricans, seborrhea with the formation of dark- 
colored crusts, the coloration being usually from dirt, 
s. oleosa, a form characterized by an excessive 
oiliness of the skin, especially about the forehend 
and nose. s. sicca, the commonest form of sebor- 
rhea, characteiized by greasy, brownish-gray scales, 

seborrheic, seborrhoic (seb-or-e'-ik, seb-or-o'-ik), 

1. Affected with seborrhea. 2. One suffering with 
seborrhea. 

sebum (se'-bum) [L.]. 1. The secretion of the 
sebaceous glands. 2. Suet; see also serum, s. 
palpebrale, the dried glandular secretion of the eye- 
lids, s. praeputiale, s. praeputii, smegma praeputii. 

sec (sek) [Ft.]. Dry; said of bloodless surgical 
operations. 

secacornin {sek-ak-or'-nin) . A solution of the active 
principles of ergot in water, glyceiin, and alcohol. 

secale (se-ka'-le) [L.]. Rye. s. cereale, common 
rye. s. cornutum. See ergot. 

secalose (sek'-al-os). A carbohydrate from green 
rye, soluble in water. 

secemment, secerning (se-sern'-ment, se-sern'- 
ing) [secernere, to separate]. Secreting; applied to 
the function of a gland or a follicle. 

secohm (sek' -dm) [secundus, following; ohm]. 
A unit of electric self-induction. 

second intention. See under healing, s. nerve, 
the optic nerve, s. sight. See clairvoyance. 

secondaries (sek'-wn-da-rez) [secundus, second). 
A name sometimes applied to the secondary symp- 
toms of syphilis, in contradistinction from the 
primaries. 

secondary (sek'-un-da-re) [secundarius, from secun- 
dus, second]. 1. Second in the order of time or 
development, as the secondary lesions of syphilis. 

2. Second in relation; subordinate; produced by a 
cause considered primary, s. amputation, an am- 
putation done after the subsidence of inflammatory 
symptoms, s. cataract. See cataract, recurrent 
capsular, s. coil, the coil of wire in which the in- 
duced current is generated, s. degeneration (os 
nerve-fibers), a degeneration following injury or 
disease of the trophic centers, s. hemorrhage. See 
hemorrhage, secondary. 

secreta (se-kre'-tah) [secernere, to separate]. The 
substances secreted by a gland, follicle, or other 
organ; products of secretion. 

secretogogue, secretagog (se-kre'-lag-og) [secretion; 
6.yo>y6s, leading!. 1. Stimulating the secretory func- 
tion. 2. An agent which stimulates secretion. 

secrete (se-kref) [secernere, to separate]. To 
separate; specifically, to separate from the blood, 
or form out of materials furnished by the blood a 
certain substance termed secretion. 

secretin (se-kre'-tin) [see secrete]. A hormone 
produced in the epithelial cells of the duodenum by 
the contact of acid. It is absorbed from the cells 
by the blood and excites the pancreas to activity; 
it also stimulates the secretion of bile. 

secreting (se-kre'-ting) _ [secernere, to sepaiate]. 
Effecting secretion, s. fringes, synovial fringes. 

secretion (se-kre' -shun) [secrete]. 1. The act of 
secreting or forming from materials furnished by the 
blood a certain substance which is either eliminated 
from the body or used in carrying on special functions, 
2. The substance secreted, s. antilytic, the saliva 
secreted by a submaxillary gland with intact nerves, 



as distinguished from that which flows from a gland 
which has had its nerves divided, s., external, a 
secretion thrown out upon the external or internal 
surface of the body, s., internal, a secretion that 
is not thrown out upon a surface, but is absorbed 
into the blood, s., menstrual, menstrual blood, 
s., paralytic, the abnormal discharge from a gland 
after section of its motor nerve, s., sebaceous, sebum. 

secretodermatosis (se-kre-to-der-mat-o'-sis) [secretio, 
a secretion; Sepua, skin; voaos, disease]. An affection 
of the secretory apparatus of the skin. 

secretomotor (se-kre' -to-mo' -tor) [secretio, a secre- 
tion; motor, a mover]. Applied to nerves inter- 
mediating the function of secretion. 

secretory (se'-kre-to-re) [secretion]. Pertaining to 
secretion; performing secretion, s. capillaries, 
minute canaliculi into which gland-cells discharge 
their secretion; they are simple or branched, some- 
times anastomose, forming a network enveloping the 
gland-cell, and open individually or united in a 
single trunk into the lumen of the gland. They 
occur in the fundus glands of the stomach, where the 
capillary networks envelop the parietal cells, in the 
liver, and in other glands, s. fibres, centrifugal 
nerve-fibers exciting secretion. 

sectile (sek' -til) [secare, to cut]. Capable of being 
cut. 

sectio (sek'-she-o) [L.]. See section, s. abdominis. 
See celiotomy, s. agrippina, cesarean section, s. 
alta, suprapubic cystotomy, s. cadaveris, an au- 
topsy, s. caesarea, cesarean section, s. franconiana, 
suprapubic cystotomy, s. lateralis, lateral lithot- 
omy, s. mariana, s. mediana, median lithotomy, 
s. nympharum, nymphotomy. 

section (sek' -shun) [secare, to cut]. 1. The act 
of cutting or dividing. 2. A cut; a cut surface. 
s., abdominal. See celiotomy, s., cesarean. See 
cesarean section, s.-cutter, a microtome, s., frontal, 
a section dividing the body into dorsal and ventral 
parts, s., occipital, a transverse section through 
the middle of the occipital lobe, s., parietal, a 
transverse vertical section through the ascending 
parietal convolution, s., perineal, external urethrot- 
omy without a guide, s.s, Pitres', a series of sec- 
tions through the brain for postmortem examination, 
s., sagittal, a section parallel with the sagittal suture, 
and hence with the median plane of the body, and 
serving to divide the body into equal parts. 

sector (sek'-tor) [secare, to cut]. An area of a 
circle included between two radii and an arc. 

secundigravida (se-kun-de-grav'-id-ah) [secundus, 
second; gravidus, pregnant]. A woman pregnant 
the second time. 

secundina (se-kun-di'-nah) [secundinus, from 
secundus, second]. 1. Something following. 2. The 
afterbirth, generally used in plural secundince; 
see secundines. s. cerebri, the arachnoid and pia. 
s. oculi, the middle coat of the choroid, s. uteri, 
the chorion. 

secundines (sek'-un-denz)'- [secundus, second]. 
The placenta, part of the umbilicus, and the mem- 
branes discharged from the uterus after the birth 
of the child. 

secundipara (se-kun-dip'-ar-ah)' [secundus, second; 
par ere, to bring forth]. A woman who has borne 
two children (not twins). 

secundiparity (se-kun-dip-ar'-it-e). The state cf 
being a secundipara. 

secundiparous (se-kun-dip'-ar-us). Having borne 
two children. 

secvLndum^artem^se-kun'-dum ar'-tem)J[L., "ac- 
cording to'iart"]. In the approved, professional, or 
official manner. 

sedans (se'-danz) [L. •.^■p\.,~ r sedantia]. Sedative; a 
sedative medicine. 

sedatin (sed'-at-in). See valeryl-phenetidin. 

sedatine (sed'-at-en). See antipyrine. 

sedation (se-da'-shun) [sedare, to soothe]. 1. A 
state of. lessened functional activity. 2. The pro- 
duction of a state of lessened functional activitv. 

sedative (sed'-at-iv) [see sedation]. 1. Quieting 
or lessening functional activity. 2. An agent lessen- 
ing functional activity, s. salt, boric acid. 

sedentaria (sed-en-ta'-re-ah) [L.; plural (neuter) 
of sedentarius, sedentary], s. ossa, the ischia and 
coccyx, the bones on which the body rests while in 
a sitting posture. 

sedentary (sed'-en-ta-re) [sedentarius; seder e, to 
sit]. Occupied in sitting; sitting at one's work. 
Pertaining to the habit of sitting. 



SEDIMENT 



792 



SELECTION 



sediment (sed'-im-ent) [sedimentum, from sedere, 
to sit]. The material settling to the bottom of a 
liquid. 

sedimentation (sed-im-en-ta' 'shun) [sediment]. The 
process of producing the deposition of a sediment, 
especially the rapid deposition by means of a cen- 
trifugal machine, s. test, Widal's reaction. 

sedimentator (sed-i-ment'-at-or). A centrifugal 
apparatus for producing a rapid deposit of the 
sediment of urine. 

sedimentum (sed-im-en' '-turn) [L.]. Sediment, 
deposit, s. lateritium, brickdust deposit. 

Sedlitz (sed'-litz). See Seidlitz. 

sedox (se'-doks). A proprietary preparation used 
as a dressing for wounds, etc. 

Seebeck-Holmgren's test. See Holmgren's test. 

seed (sed). i. A fertilized ovule or ovum, as the 
egg of the silkworm-moth. 2. Seminal fluid; sperm 
or milt. 3. Offspring, s.-coat, the testa or exterior 
coat of the seed, s.-lac. See lac. 

Seegen's dietetic regimen. A regimen for dia- 
betics, consisting of meats of all kinds, eggs, corn, 
vegetables, cheese, and gluten bread. 

seehear (se'-her). Of W. Rollins, a stethoscope 
fitted with a sound chamber and fluorescent screen 
by means of which the heart and lungs are rendered 
both visible and audible. 

Seeligmueller's sign (za'-lik-mu-ler) [Otto Ludwig 
Adolf Seeligmueller, German neurologist, 1837- ]. 
Mydriasis on the affected side in cases of neuralgia. 

see-saw eczema. A form of eczema alternating 
with some other disease. 

Seessel's pocket (za'-sel) [A. Seessel, German em- 
bryologist]. A slight depression in the epithelial 
lining of the pharyngeal membrane of the embryo, 
behind Rathke's hypophyseal pouch. 

segestor (se-jes'-tor) [se, . self; gerere, to carry]. 
A proprietary embalming fluid, introduced into the 
vessels of the cadaver by a syringe; so-called because 
it has the alleged property of finding its way to all 
parts of the dead organism. 

Seglas' type of paranoia (sa-glah') [Jules Seglas, 
French physician, 1856- ]. Psychomotor type 
of paranoia. 

segment (seg'-ment) [segmentum, from secare, to 
cut]. 1. A small piece cut from the periphery of 
anything; a part bounded by a natural or imaginary 
line. 2. A natural division, resulting from segmen- 
tation; one of a series of homologous parts, as a 
myotome; the part of a limb between two consecutive 
joints. A subdivision, ring, lobe, somite, or meta- 
mere of any cleft or articulated body. s. of Bandl. 
See Bandl's ring, s., interannular, the portion of a 
nerve included between two consecutive nodes of 
Ranvier. s., intermediate (of a cilium), the iso- 
tropous, delicately striated portion of a cilium 
between the cilium proper and its pedicle, s., lower 
(of the uterus) , all that portion of the uterus situated 
below the ring of Bandl. s.s, medullary, the in- 
cisures of Schmidt and Lantermann, or oblique 
markings in the medullary sheath of a nerve-fiber. 
s., primitive, Minot's word for a primitive division 
of the vertebrate celom. s., pubic (of the pelvic floor) ; 
this "consists of what extends from the symphysis 
pubis to the anterior vaginal wall, inclusive of the 
latter, and is chiefly made up of bladder." (D. B. 
Hart.) s., Rivinian (of the tympanic ring), that 
portion of the temporal bone between the two points 
of attachment of its tympanic portion to its squamous 
portion, s., sacral (of the pelvic floor), that portion 
which "extends from the sacrum to the posterior 
vaginal wall." (D. B. Hart.) s., Schmidt-Lanter- 
mann's, the elongated pieces making up the medul- 
lary substance of nerve-fibers, several pieces being 
included within each internode. s. vertebra. 1. See 
somatome. 2. The cusps of the heart-valves. 

segmental (seg-men'-tal) [segment], 1. Pertaining 
to a segment; made up of segments. 2. Undergoing 
or resulting from segmentation, s. duct, the duct of 
the pronephron. s. organs, a tubular structure found 
in the embryos of amniotic animals, and comprising 
the pronephron, the mesonephron, and the meta- 
nephron. 

segmentation (seg-men-ta' -shun) [segmentum, a 
piece cut off]. The process of cleavage or division. 
In embryology, the term is restricted by usage "to 
the production of cells up to the period of develop- 
ment when the two primitive germ-layers are clearly 
differentiated and the first trace of organs is beginning 
to appear." (Minot.) Merogenesis. s.-cavity, the 



central space in the blastula stage of the segmenta- 
tion of an ovum, s.-cells, homogeneous indifferent 
cells formed by the repeated division of the fecundated 
egg-cell, and which compose first of all the solid 
mulberry germ. (Haeckel.) s., centro-lecithal, a 
form of segmentation in which the spheres enclose a 
central nutritive yolk, s., complete, holoblastic 
segmentation, s. direct, amitosis, or direct cell- 
division, s., discoidal, a form of segmentation in 
which the germinal disc alone is involved, s., 
duplicative, segmentation peculiar to the gonococcus, 
marked by an interval between the two segments. 
s., free, cleavage of gymnoplasts. s., germ, seg- 
mentation of the impregnated ovum, or of the first 
embryonic segmentation-sphere, or blastosphere. 
s., holoblastic, segmentation in which all the con- 
tents of the ovum undergo cleavage, s., incomplete, 
s., meroblastic, segmentation in which only a portion 
of the contents of the ovum, the formative yolk, 
undergoes cleavage, the other portion, or food-yclk, 
being a reserve store of food for the developing em- 
biyo. s., metameric, division of the embryo into 
metameres. s.-nucleus. See under nucleus, s., 
partial. See s., incomplete, s., protovertebral, 
division of the mesoblast on each side oi the noto- 
chord into somites, or protovertebral. s., regular, 
segmentation in which the spheres are equal in size 
and symmetrically arranged, s.-sphere, one of the 
cells of an ovum during the early stages of segmenta- 
tion, s., total. See s., holoblastic. s., unequal, a 
variety of segmentation, in which, after cleavage of 
the ovum into four equal segments, the spheres of 
one pole are smaller and more numerous than those 
of the other. 

segregator (seg'-re-ga-tor) [segregare, to separate]. 
An instrument by means of which urine from each 
kidney may be secured without danger of admixture. 

Seguin's signal symptom [Edouard Seguin, French 
alienist, 1812-1880]. The initial convulsion of an 
attack of Jacksonian epilepsy, which indicates the 
seat of the cortical lesion. 

S,eidel's reaction for inosite (si'-del). Evaporate 
to dryness a little of the substance in a platinum 
crucible with nitric acid of specific gravity 1.1-1.2, 
and treat the residue with ammonia and a few drops 
of a solution of strontium acetate. If inosite is 
present, a green color and a violet precipitate are 
obtained. 

' Seidlitz powder (sid'-litz). Pulvis effervescens 
compositus. 

Seiler's cartilage (si'-ler). A small cartilaginous 
rod attached to the vocal process of the arytenoid 
cartilage. It is more developed in the female than 
in the male. 

seisesthesia (si-zes-the' -ze-ah) [o-eum, a concussion; 
at<rOrj<ris, sensation]. Perception of concussion. 

seismotherapy (sis-mo-ther'-ap-e). [<re«rn6s, a shak- 
ing; deponrela, therapy]. The therapeutic use of 
mechanical vibration; vibrotherapeutics. Syn., shak- 
ing cure. 

seizure (sez'-ur) [ME., seisen, to seize]. The 
sudden onset of a disease or an attack. In surgery, 
the grasping of a part to be operated upon. 

sejunction (se-junk'-shun) [sejungere, to disunite]. 
In psychology the interruption of the continuity of 
association-complexes, tending to break up person- 
ality. 

sel [Fr.]. Salt. s. alembroth, a solution of mer- 
curic chloride and ammonium chloride, each gr. x, 
in one pint of distilled water, s. amarum, s. amer, 
magnesium sulphate, s. ammonia, s. ammoniac, s. 
ammoniacum, ammonium chloride, s. ammoniac 
martial, ammonia-chloride of iron. s. de Chrestien, 
gold and sodium chloride, s. commune, s. culinare, 
sodium chloride, s. digestif, potassium chloride, 
s. digestif de Vichy, sodium bicarbonate, s. d'Ep- 
som, magnesium sulphate, s. de Figuier. See s. de 
Chrestien. s. de Glauber, sodium sulphate, s. de 
Perse, sodium borate, s. de saturne, lead acetate, 
s. secret de Glauber, ammonium sulphate, s. de 
Seidlitz, magium sulphate, s. de Seignette, potas- 
sium and sodium tartrate, s. de soude, sodium 
carbonate, s. vegetale, potassium tartrate. 

selection (se-lek'-shun) [seligere, to choose]. The 
act of choosing, s., artificial, the artificial choice, 
definitely planned, of such forms of animals or plants 
as will by differentiation develop and reproduce 
given or desired characteristics, s., natural, the 
selective action of external conditions, whereby 
characters favorable to the species of animal or plant 



SELECTOR 



793 



SEMINIFEROUS 



are preserved, s., physiological, the selection of those 
varieties, the individuals of which are fertile among 
themselves, but sterile or less fertile with other 
varieties and with the parent stock, s., sexual, 
the selection produced by preferences of the one 
sex for a member of the other sex in some way 
specially endowed. 

selector (se-lek'-tor) [selection], A device for 
selecting or separating, s., cell-, an appliance for 
regulating the current strength in galvanic electricity. 
A good selector must admit of an increase or a decrease 
of electromotive force through the introduction of 
one cell at a time; it must permit of such increase or 
decrease without producing any interruption in the 
flow of the current. All selectors are constructed 
upon one of three principles: the crank, the rider, 
or the plug system. 

selene (se-le'-ne) [<re\rjvr], moon]. The white spot 
sometimes^ occurring on the finger-nails. Cf. lunula. 

seleniasis (sel-en-i'-as-is) [o-eX^, moon]. Lunacy; 
epilepsy; somnambulism. 

seleniate (sel-en'-e-at). A salt of selenic acid. 

selenic {se-len'-ik) [selenium]. A compound con- 
taining selenium combined directly with three 
atoms of oxygen, s. acid, JkSeCU, a dibasic acid 
resembling sulphuric acid in its properties. 

seleniferous (sel-en-if'-er-us) [selenium; ferre, to 
bear]. Containing selenium. 

selenin B (sel'-en-in) [selenium]. The active toxic 
element in cultures of Diplococcus semilunaris. 

selenite (se'-len-lt) [selenium], i. A salt of selenous 
acid. 2. A translucent form of calcium sulphate. 

selenitic (se-len-it'-ik). Containing selenite. 

selenium (se-le'-ne-um) [o-eX^, the moon], Se = 
79.2: usually bivalent, sometimes quadrivalent or 
hexivalent. A rare element resembling sulphur in 
its properties. 

selenogamia (sel-en-o-gam' -e-dh) [aek-qvri, the moon; 
yafios, marriage]. Somnambulism. 

selenoplegia (sel-e-no-ple'-je-ah) [aeK^V, moon; 
7tXt7717, stroke]. A kind of apoplexy said to be 
caused by exposure to the moon's rays. 

selenoplexia (sel-e-no-pleks'-e-ah). See selenople- 
gia. 

selenopyrine (sel-en-o-pi'-rin). A reaction product 
of potassium selinide with a so-called antipyrine 
chloride. 

self. Same; identical; own; personal, s.-abuse. 
See masturbation, s. -differentiation, the theory that . 
cells control themselves; that is to say, the fate of the 
cells is determined by forces situated within them, 
and not by external influences, s.-digestion. See 
autodigestion. s. -fertilization, fertilization of a 
flower by its own pollen, s.-heal, Prunella vulgaris; 
heal all; a perennial herb growing in North America, 
Europe, and Asia, s.-incasement, a condition in 
which the small intestine is inclosed, as in a pouch, 
between the layers of the mesentery, s.-infection, 
the spread of infectious material from a circumscribed 
area to others or to the entire organism, s. -inflation, 
a process by which a person in danger of drowning 
may render himself buoyant. After having made 
a puncture in the mucous membrane of the mouth, 
at the reflection of the cheek from the lower jaw, 
air is forced into the subcutaneous tissue of the 
neck by vigorous blowing efforts with the mouth and 
nose closed, s.-limited, a term applied to certain 
diseases, which even without treatment run a definite 
course within a given time, s.-pollution. See 
masturbation, s.-repositor, pneumatic, a curved 
and bulbous glass tube used at bed-time for the 
reposition of the displaced uterus, the instrument 
being used by the patient, and operated by air- 
pressure, s.-suggestion. See autosuggestion, s.- 
suspension, suspension of the body for the purpose 
of stretching or making extension on the vertebral 
column: see suspension, s.s, axillocephalic, suspen- 
sion by the axillae and the head, s.s, cephalic, 
suspension by the head. 

sella (sel'-ah) [L.]. A saddle, s. turcica, the 
pituitary fossa of the sphenoid bone lodging the 
pituitary body. 

sellanders, sellenders (sel'-an-derz, sel' -en-derz) 
[origin obscure]. A kind of eczema occurring on 
the tarsus of the horse. See mallenders. 

Selters, Seltzer water (sel'-ters, sells' -er). An 
effervescent mineral water obtained at Selters in 
Prussia. 

semeiography (sem-i-og'-ra-fe) [crrjuelov, sign; -ypd</>- 
«f, to write]. Symptomatology. 



semeiology (sem-i-ol'-o-je) [o-qneiov, sign; \6yos, 
discourse]. Symptomatology. 

semeiotic (sem-i-ot'-ik) [aij^ov, sign]. Pertaining 
to symptoms. 

semeiotics (sem-i-ot'-iks) [see semeiotic]. Sympto- 
matology. 

semelincident (sem-el-in'-sid-ent) [semel, once; 
incidere, to happen]. Happening only once in. the 
same person, as a semelincident disease. 

semen (se'-men). 1. A seed. 2. The fecundating 
fluid of the male, chiefly secreted by the testicles, 
composed of liquor seminis, seminal granules, oil- 
globules, and spermatozoa, s. contra, wormseed. 

semenuria. See seminuria. 

semester (se-mes'-ter) [semestris, half yearly; sex, 
six; mensis, month]. A period of six months. 

semi- (sem-i-) [L.]. A prefix denoting half . 

semiarticulate (sem-e-ar-tik'-u-lat) [semi-; articulus, 
a joint]. Loose-jointed. 

semicanal (sem-e-kan-aV) [semi-; canal], A canal 
open on one side; a sulcus or groove. 

semicanalis (sem-e-kan-a'-lis). See semicanal. 
s. humeri, the bicipital groove, s. nervi vidiani, the 
groove on the temporal bone for the passage of the 
Vidian nerve, s. tensor tympani, a depression situ- 
ated close to the hiatus of Fallopius in the anterior 
wall of the tympanum. The tendon of the tensor 
tympani is transmitted through an aperture at its 
apex. s. tubee Eustachii. See sulcus tuba Eustachii. 
s. tympanicus, the tympanic canal. 

semicartilaginous (sem-ik-ar-til-aj'-in-us) [semi- ; 
cartilago, gristle]. Gristly; partially cartilaginous. 

semicircular (sem-e-sir'-ku-lar) [semi-; cir cuius, a 
circle]. Having the form of a half-circle, s. canals. 
See under ear. 

semiconscious (sem-ik-on'-shus) [semi-;^ conscius, 
knowing]. Half-conscious; partially conscious. 

semicordate (sem-e-kor'-dat) [semi-; cor, the heart]. 
Shaped like the half of a heart that has been divided 
longitudinally. 

semicretin (sem-e-kre'-tin) [semi-; cretin], A person 
having a form of cretinism in which the rudiments 
of language have been developed. Intellection 
reaches only to the most ordinary bodily wants. 

semicretinism (sem-e-kre'-tin-izm). The condition 
of being a semicretin. 

semidecussation (sem-e-de-kus-a'-shun). Partial 
decussation. 

semiflexion (sem-e-flek'-shun) [semi-; flexion, a 
flexion]. A posture half-way between flexion and 
extension. 

semiglutin (sem-e-gloo' -tin) , C55H85N17O22. A deriva- 
tive of gelatin resembling a peptone. 

semilunar (sem-e-lit'-nar) [semi-; luna, moon]. 
Resembling a half -moon in shape, s. bone, one of 
the carpal bones, s. cartilages, two interarticulating 
cartilages of the knee. s. fold, the conjunctival 
folding at the inner canthus. s. ganglia. See 
ganglia, s. lobe, a lobe on the upper surface of the 
cerebellum, s. notch, a notch in the scapula through 
which the suprascapular nerve passes, s. space of 
Traube, that portion of the left inferior anterior 
thoracic region corresponding to the tympanitic 
resonance of the stomach, s. valves. See valves. 

semilunare (sem-e-loo-na'-re) [L.]. Semilunar. 
The semilunar bone of the carpus. 

semiluxation (sem-e-luks-a'-shun) [semi-; luxus, a 
luxation]. Subluxation. 

semimembranosus (sem-e-mem-bra-no'-sus). See 
muscles, table of. 

semimembranous (sem-e-mem'-bra-nus). Partly 
membranous, as the semimembranous muscle (semi- 
membranosus). See under muscle. 

seminal (sem'-in-al) [semen]. Pertaining to the 
semen, s. cyst, a cyst of the spermatic cord or testi- 
cle containing semen, s. fluid, semen (2). s. 
vesicle. See vesicle, seminal. 

seminalism (sem'-in-al-izm) [seminalis, relating 
to seed; primary]. A vitalistic theory proposed by 
Bouchet, of Paris, which teaches that the vital forces 
of man and beasts are totally distinct and that 
beasts have an intelligence of instinct and man one 
of abstraction. 

semination (sem-in-a'-shun) [seminatin, a sowing]. 
The intromission of semen into the uterus or vagina. 

seminervosus (sem-in-er-vo'-sus) . See semi'endi- 
nosus. 

seminiferous (sem-in-tf'-er-us) [semen; ferre, to 
carry]. Producing or carrying semen, as the semi- 
niferous tubules of the testic'e. 



SEMINIFIC 



794 



SENSATION 



seminific (sem-in-if -ik) [semen, semen; facere, to 
make]. Producing semen. 

seminormal (sem-i-nor' -mat) [semi-; norma, rule]. 
Half-normal, s. solution, one containing in solution 
half the quantity of the substance contained in the 
normal solution. 

seminuria (sem-in-u'-re-ah) [semen, seed; olpov, 
urine]. The discharge of semen in the urine. 

semiography. See semeiography. 

semiology (se-me-ol'-o-je). t See semeiology. 

semiotic (se-me-ot'-ik). See semeiotic. 

semiplegia (sem-ip-le'-je-ah). See hemiplegia. 

semipronation (sem-ip-ro-na'-shun) [semi-; pro- 
natus, prone]. The assumption of a semipione, or 
partly prone position; an attitude of semisupination. 

semiprone (sem'-ip-ron) [semi-; promts, bent]. 
Hair prone, s. posture. See positions, table of. 

semiptosis (sem-ip-to'-sis) [semi-; irrua-is, a falling]. 
Paitial ptosis. 

semis (se'-mis) [I..]. Half; abbreviated in pre- 
scriptions to ss, which is placed after the sign indi- 
cating the measure. 

semisideratio (sem-is-id-er-a'-she-o). Synonym of 
hemiplegia. 

semisomnis (sem-e-som'-nis) [semi-; somnus, sleep]. 
Coma. 

semisomnous (sem-e-som'-nus). Relating to a 
comatose condition. 

semisoporus (sem-e-so'-por-us) [semi-; sopor, sleep]. 
Coma. 

semispmalis (sem-e-spi-na'-lis). See under muscle. 

semissis (sem-is'-is) [L.]. One-half. See semis. 

semisulcus (sem-e-sul'-kus). A half sulcus which, 
uniting with another sulcus, forms a complete sulcus. 

semisupination (sem-is-u-pin-a' -shun) [semi-; supi- 
nare, to bend backward]. The assumption of a 
position half-way between supination and pronation. 

semitendinosus (sem-it-en-din-o'-sus). See mus- 
cles, table of. 

semitendinous (sem-e-ten' '-din-us) . Partly tendi- 
nous, as a semitendinous muscle {semitendinosus). 
See under muscle. 

semitertian (sem-it-er '-shan) [semi-; tertius, third]. 
Partly tertian and partly quotidian (applied to 
intermittent feveis). 

semivalent (sem-iv'-al-ent) [semi-; valere, to be 
able]. Of one-half the normal valency. 

Semon's law [Sir Felix Semon, English laryn- 
gologist, 1849- ]. In progressive organic lesions 
of the motor laryngeal nerves, the cricoarytenoidei 
postici — the abductors of the vocal cords — are the 
fhst, and sometimes the only, muscles affected. S.'s 
symptom, impaired mobility of the vocal cords in 
carcinoma of the larynx. 

Semon-Rosenbach's law. See Semon's law. 

sempules (sem'-puls). Suppositories shaped like 
a dumb-bell. It is said that this shape renders them 
more easy of introduction, and also more liable 
to remain in situ until they are absorbed. 

senalbin (sen-al'-bin), C30H44N2S2O16. A glucoside 
found in white mustard, Brassica alba. 

senecin (sen'-es-in). 1. An oleoresin from Senecio 
gracilis and 5. vulgaris; it is emmenagogue, emetic, 
and astringent. 2. A proprietary elixir of Senecio 
jacobcea, recommended as an emmenagogue; it must 
not be confounded with the oleoresin of senecio. 

Senecio (se-ne'-se-o) [senex, an old man]. Ground- 
sel, a genus of composite-flowered plants, said to 
contain 960 species, many of them medicinal. S. 
aureus is the common liferoot. S. canicida, yerba 
del Puebla, a Mexican species, is diuretic and is 
recommended in treatment of epilepsy. 5. cineraria 
is a species of South America; the fresh juice of the 
leaves, stems, and flowers is recommended in treat- 
ment of capsular and lenticular cataracts and other 
diseases of the eye. 5. gracilis is a slender species, 
generally regarded as a variety of S. aureus. S. 
jacobcea, ragwoit or ragweed, is tonic and astringent. 

senectus (se-nek'-tus) [senex, old]. Old age. 

senega (sen'-e-gd) [L.]. The Poly gala senega, a 
plant of the Polygalea. Its root is official (.senega, 
U. S. P.; senega radix, B. P.); it contains a bitter 
principle, senegin or polygalic acid (or polygalin), 
which is probably identical with saponin. It is 
used as a stimulant, expectorant, and diuretic; in 
large doses it is emetocathartic. It is chiefly em- 
ployed in bronchitis and laryngitis, as a diuretic in 
dropsy, and in amenorrhea. Dose 10-20 gf. (0.65- 
1.3 Gm.); of the infusion 1 oz. (30 Cc). s., fluid- 
extract of (fluidextr actum senegce, U. S. P.). Dose 



10-20 min. (0.65-1.3 Cc). s., syrup of (syrupus 
senegce, U. S. P.). Dose 1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc). s., 
tincture of (tinctura senegce, B. P.). Dose 1 dr. 
(4 Cc). 

senegin (sen'-e-jin), C32H52O17 (Hesse). Polygallic 
acid, a saponin-like glucoside from senega; it is a 
yellowish powder, soluble in water; used as an 
expectorant and diuretic. Dose \-2 gr. (0.032- 
0.13 Gm.). 

senescence (se-nes'-ens) [senex, old]. The con- 
dition or time of growing old. Senility. 

seng. A proprietary digestant said to be derived 
from ginseng, Aralia quinquefolia. 

senile (se'-nil) [senilis; from senex, old]. Pertain- 
ing to or caused by old age. s. gangrene. See 
gangrene. 

senilis (se-ni'-lis) [L.]. Old; pertaining to old 
age. 

senilism (se'-ni-lizm) [senile]. A condition of 
prematurity. See progeria. Cf. ateleiosis; infan- 
tilism. 

senility (sen-il'-it-e) [senile]. The state of being 
senile; the weakness of body and mind characteristic 
of old age. 

seniocine (sen-i'-o-sin). An alkaloid obtained 
from Senecio vulgaris and 5. jacobcea. 

senki. A disease resembling lepra and associate 
with colic, described by Kompfer in 17 13 as peculiar 
to Japan. 

Senn's bone-plates [Nicholas Senn, American 
surgeon, 1844-1908]. Plates of decalcified bone 
used in intestinal anastomosis. S.'s test, the intro- 
duction of hydrogen gas into the bowel through the 
rectum, for the detection and, localization of an 
abnormal opening. 

senna (sen' -ah) [Ar., sena]. The leaflets of various 
species of Cassia, a genus of the order Leguminosce. 
Senna of the U. S. P. is derived from. Cassia acutifolia; 
that of the B. P. is of two varieties — Alexandrian 
senna, from Cassia acutifolia, and East India or 
Tinnevelly senna, from Cassia angustifolia. Deresi- 
nate senna is that from which the resin has been 
removed by maceration in alcohol to prevent griping. 
Senna contains cathartic acid, a glucoside repre- 
senting the purgative properties of senna, the bitter 
principles sennapicrin and sennacrol, and a coloring- 
matter, chrysophan. Senna is used as a purgative, 
generally in combination with an aromatic to pre- 
vent griping. Dose \-2 dr. (2-8 Cc). s., compound 
infusion of (infusum sennce compositum, U. S. P.), 
black draught, contains senna, manna, and mag- 
nesium sulphate. Dose 4 oz. (128 Cc). s., con- 
fection of (confectio senna, U. S. P., B. P.). Dose 
2 dr. (8 Gm.). s., fluidextract of (fluidextractum 
sennce, U. S. P.). Dose 1-4 dr. (4-16 Cc). s., 
syrup of (syrupus sennce, U. S. P., B. P. Dose 
1-4 dr. (4-16 Cc). s., tincture of (tinctura sennce, 
B. P.). Dose 1-4 dr. (4-16 Cc). 

sennacrol (sen'-ak-rol) . See under senna. 

sennapicrin (sen-ap-ik'-rin) . See under senna. 

sennatin (sen'-at-in). A preparation of senna 
leaves used as a cathartic, but administered by 
subcutaneous or intramuscular injection. 

sennin (sen' -in) [Nicholas Senn, American surgeon, 
1844-1908]. A proprietary antiseptic preparation 
described as a chemically pure product of boric acid, 
iodine and phenol. It is a fine, white powder, odor- 
less, slightly astringent, and of sweetish taste. 

sennit (sen' -it), C21H44N19. A nonfermentable 
sugar found in senna, occurring in soluble warty 
crystals. Syn., cathartomannite. 

sensation (sen-sa'-shun) [sensatio, from sentire, 
to feel]. A feeling or impression produced by the 
stimulation of an afferent nerve, s., correlative, 
stimulation of the cerebrum by a sensation carried 
by a single sensory nerve, s., cutaneous, a sensation 
produced through the medium of the skin, s., 
eccentric, the conception of locality, s., external, 
a sensation transmitted from a peripheral sense- 
organ, s., general. See subjective sensation, s., 
girdle, girdle-pain, s., internal. See subjective 
sensation, s., objective, an external sensation 
due to some objective agency, s.s, psychovisual, 
sensations of sight without the stimulation of the" 
retina; visions, s., radiating. See s., secondary (1). 
s., secondary. 1. Mueller's name for the excitement 
of one sensation by another or the extension of 
morbid sensations in disease to unaffected parts. 
2. A sensation of one type attending a sensation of 
another type. Cf. audition coloree. s., special, 



SENSE 



795 



SEPTIC 



any sensation produced by the special senses, s., 
subjective. See subjective sensation, s., tactile, 
one produced through the sense of touch, s., trans- 
ference of, clairvoyance. 

sense (sens) [sensus, from sentire, to feel]. I. Any 
one of the faculties by which stimuli from the ex- 
ternal world or from within the body are received and 
transformed into sensations. The faculties receiving 
impulses from the external world are the senses of 
sight, hearing, touch, smell, and taste, which are 
the special senses, and the muscular and temperature- 
sense. Those receiving impulses from the internal 
organs (visceral senses) are the hunger-sense, thirst- 
sense, and others. 2. A sensation, s.-body, a 
peripheral sense-organ, s.-capsule, the hollow 
cup-like receptacle of a peripheral sense-organ, s.- 
club. See rhopalium. s.-epithelium, a tract of 
epithelium having some specialized function of sensa- 
tion, s.-filament, the thread-like peripheral termina- 
tion of a sensory nerve, s.-scale. See squama 
rhopalaris. s.-seta, the bristle-like termination of a 
peripheral sensory nerve-fiber, s.-shock, a condition 
observed in hysterical women and overworked men, 
and occurring at the moment of waking from sleep. 
A sensation like an aura rises from the feet or hands, 
and, passing upward to the head, disappears in the 
sense of a blow or shock, or of a bursting in the head. 
It is of no serious significance. 

sensibilin (sen'-sib-il-in). A specific antibody 
derived from sensibilisinogen; toxogenin. 

sensibilisinogen (sen-sib-il-is-in'-o-jen). One of 
the substances in an antigen; it produces a specific 
antibody called sensibilisin. 

sensibility (sen-sib-il'-it-e) [see sense]. 1. The 
ability to receive and feel impressions. 2. The 
ability of a nerve or end-organ to receive and trans- 
mit impulses, s., organic, the capability of trans- 
mitting and receiving impressions without being 
conscious of them (Bichat). s., range of. See 
Fechner's law. s., recurrent, Longet's and Magen- 
die's term for the sensibility observed in the anterior 
roots of the spinal nerves, which appeared to be 
dependent on the posterior root, and not inherent, 
like the sensibility of the posterior root itself. The 
existence of recurrent sensibility was denied by 
Longet. s., transference or externalization of. See 
sensitivization. 

sensibilizer (sen' -sib-il-i-zer) [see sense]. A sub- 
stance which, acting as a chemical screen, conduces 
to synthesis or other chemical processes. 

sensible (sen'-si-bl) [sense, to feel]. Perceptible 
by the senses, as sensible perspiration; capable of 
receiving an impression through the senses; endowed 
with sensation. 

sensiferous (sen-sif-er-us) [sensus, sense; ferre, 
to bear]. Conveying a sensation, or sense-impression. 

sensigenous (sen-sij'-en-us) [sensus, sense, gignere, 
to produce]. Giving rise to a sensory impulse. 

sensitive (sen'-sit-iv) [sensitivus]. 1. Capable of 
feeling; capable of transmitting sensation. 2. Re- 
acting to a stimulus, s. soul (of Stahl), the immortal 
principle. 

sensitization (sen-sit-i-za'-shun) . The rendering of 
a cell liable to destruction by a complement, through 
the action of a specific amboceptor. 

sensitized (sen' -sit-izd) . Rendered sensitive. 

sensitizer (sen-sit-i'-zer). Bordet's name (1899) 
for the intermediary body of Ehrlich. Syn. , substance 
sensibilisatrice. See amboceptor. 

sensomobile (sen-so-mo'-bil) [sensus, feeling; mobi- 
lis, movable]. Moving in response to stimulation. 

sensomobility (sen-so-mo-bil'-it-e). The capacity 
for movement in response to a sensory stimulus. 

sensomotor (sen-so-mo'-tor). Sensorimotor. 

sensorial (sen-so'-re-al) [sensorium]. Pertaining to 
the sensorium. 

sensoriglandular (sen-so-r e- gland' -u-lar) . Causing 
glandular action by stimulation of the sensory nerves. 

sensorimetabolism (sen-so-re-met-ab'-ol-izm). Met- 
abolism resulting from stimulation of the sensory 
nerves. 

sensorimotor (sen-so-r e-mo' -tor) [sensus, feeling; 
motor]. Both sensory and motor; concerned with 
the perception of sensory impulses and with motor 
impulses, s. Centers, centers that are concerned 
both with the perception of sensation and with 
motor impulses. 

sensorimuscular (sen-so-re-mus'-ku-lar). Produc- 
ing muscular action in response to stimulation of the 
sensory nerves. 



sensorium (sen-so'-re-um) [L.]. A center for sensa- 
tions, especially the part of the brain concerned 
in receiving and combining the impressions con- 
veyed to the individual sensory centers, s. com- 
mune, a portion of the cerebral cortex dominating 
the sensory impulses. 

sensorivolitional (sen-so-r iv-o-lish'-un-aV) [sensus, 
sense; volitio, willing]. Pertaining to or concerned 
in sensation and volition. 

sensory (sen'-so-re) [sensus, feeling]. Pertaining 
to or conveying sensation, s. aphasia. See under 
aphasia, s. aura, an aura affecting the special senses. 
s. crossway, the posterior third of the posterior 
limb of the internal capsule, where the afferent fibers 
conveying sensory impulses cross to the opposite 
side. s. decussation, the superior pyramidal decus- 
sation, s. epilepsy, various disturbances of sensation 
occurring in paroxysms that replace the epileptic 
convulsion, s. nerve, one that conveys sensations 
from the periphery to the centers. 

sensualism (sen'-shoo-al-izm) [sensus, sense]. The 
condition or character of one who is controlled by 
the animal passions. 

sensus (sen'-sus) [L.]. Sense; feeling, s. com- 
munis, the state of the consciousness or sense of 
normal sensations at any one time. 

sentient (sen' -she-ent) [sentire, to feel]. Having 
sensation; capable of feeling. 

sentina (sen-ti'-nah) [L., "the hold of a ship"]. 
The epiphysis cerebri. 

sentinal-pile. The thickened wall of the anal 
pocket at the lower end of an anal fissure. 

sentisection (sen-tis-ek'-shun) [sentire, to feel; 
sectio, section]. Painful vivisection; vivisection of 
an animal not under the influence of anesthetics. 

separator (sep'-ar-a-tor) [separare, to separate]. 
1. Anything that separates, especially an instrument 
for separating the teeth. 2. An instrument for 
detaching the pericranium or periosteum. 3. An 
appliance for preventing the urine from the two 
ureters from mixing in the bladder. 

separatorium (sep-ar-a-to'-re-um) [separare, to 
separate]. In pharmacy, a strainer. In surgery, 
an instrument for separating the pericranium from 
the skull. 

sepedogenesis (se-ped-o-jen'-e-sis) [sepedon; ~i&>vav, 
to produce]. Putrescence. 

sepedon (se'-ped-on) [a-hireiv, to be rotten]. Putri- 
dity. 

sepia (se'-pe-ah) [(r-nina, the cuttle fish]. 1. The 
ink or black secretion of the common cuttle-fish; 
used as a pigment. 2. See sepiost. 

sepiost (se'-pe-ost) [arjiria, the cuttle-fish; barkov, 
bone]. The endoskeleton of the cuttle-fish (sepia); 
cuttle-fish bone, sepium, is sometimes prescribed as 
an antacid and used in dentifrices. 

sepium (se'-pe-um) [ay\iziov, the bone of the cuttle- 
fish]. Same as sepiost. 

sepsine (sep'-sen) [sepsis], A poisonous ptomaine 
obtained from decomposed yeast and blood. 

sepsis (sep'-sis) [o-^i/as, putrefaction]. A state of 
poisoning produced by the absorption of putrefactive 
substances, s., gas, a septic condition due to the 
gas bacillus, Bacillus aerogenes capsulatus. s., 
puerperal, sepsis occurring after childbirth, from 
absorption of putrefactive products from the par- 
turient canal. 

sepsometer (sep-som' -et-ur) . See septometer (2). 

septa (sep'-tah). Plural of septum. 

septal (sep'-tal) [septum, septum]. Pertaining to a 
septum, s. gland. See under gland. 

septan, (sep '-tan) [se^em, seven]. Recurring every 
seventh day, as septan fever. 

septate (sep'-tat) [septum, a fence]. Possessing 
septa or partitions. 

septectomy (sep-tek'-to-me) [septum; Ihtom, exci- 
sion]. Excision of part of the nasal septum. 

septemia, septaemia, septhemia (sep-te'-me-ah, 
sep-the'-me-ah). See septicemia. 

septentrionaline (sep-ten-tre-on'-al-en). An alka- 
loid obtained from Aconitum lycoctonum. It is a 
sensory paralyzant, resembling curara; it has been 
suggested as a local and general anesthetic, and is 
used as an antidote to strychnine and in treatment 
of tetanus and hydrophobia. 

septic (sep'-tik) [sepsis]. Relating to sepsis. 
Pertaining to or produced _ by putrefaction, s. 
fever, septicemia, s. intoxication, a form of poisoning 
resulting from the absorption of products of putre- 
faction, s. tank, in sewage treatment a large closed 



SEPTICEMIA 



796 



SERIES 



chamber through which the sewage is allowed to pass 
slowly. Cf. contact-bed. 

septicemia, septicaemia (sep-te-se'-me-ah) [sepsis; 
alfia, blood]. An infection characterized by the 
presence in the blood of bacteria; clinically the term 
is also used to include toxemia, whether or not there 
is invasion of the blood by bacteria, s., bacillar, of 
chickens, a disease of chickens described by Fuhr- 
mann as due to a specific bacillus belonging to the 
colon group, s., goose, a rapidly fatal disease of 
geese due to a specific microbe. The infection takes 
place by way of the mucosa of the head, s., mouse, 
a form of septicemia occurring in mice and pro- 
duced by Bacillus murisepticus. It is usually fatal 
in from 40 to 60 hours, the animal early becoming 
apathetic, s., phlebitic. See pyemia, s., rabbit, 
a form of septicemia occurring in rabbits and due to 
Bacillus septicemia hamorrhagica or bacillus of 
chicken cholera, s., sputum, a form of septicemia 
produced by inoculation with microorganisms found 
in sputum, especially the pneumococcus. 

septicemic, septicasmic (sep-te-sem'-ik or sep-te-se'- 
mik) [septicemia]. Pertaining to or affected with 
septicemia. 

septicine (sep'-tis-in) [septic]. A ptomaine ob- 
tained^ from decaying flesh. 

septicogenic (sep-tik-o-jen'-ik) [septic; yewav, to 
produce]. Applied to a group of microorganisms 
established by Cohn producing ordinary putre- 
faction as distinguished from that which produces 
disease. Cf. pathogenic. 

septicophlebitis (sep-tik-o-fleb-i'-tis). Phlebitis due 
to septic poisoning. 

septicopyemia, septicopyaemia (sep-tik-o-pi-e f -me- 
ah) [septicemia; pyemia]. Combined septicemia and 
pyemia, s., primary, that in which the general 
infection is produced by the same bacteria as those 
causing the primary lesion, s., secondary, that in 
which the general infection is due to other bacteria 
than those causing the primary lesion. 

septicopyemic (sep-tik-o-pi-e~'-mik). Pertaining to 
septicopyemia. 

septigravida (sep-te-grav'-id-ah) [septem, seven; 
gravida, pregnant]. A woman who is pregnant for 
the seventhtjme. 

septimetritis (sep-ti-met-ri'-tis). Metritis due to 
septic poisoning. 

septipara (sep-tip'-ar-ah) [septem, seven; par ere, to 
bear]. A woman who has been in labor for the 
seventh time. 

septivalent (sep-tiv'-al-ent) [septem, seven; valere, 
to be worth]. Having an atomicity of seven. 

septoforma (sep-to-form'-ah). A condensation- 
product of formaldehyde dissolved in an alcoholic 
solution of linseed-oil potassium soap. It is used as 
an antiseptic and antiparasitic in veterinary practice. 

septomarginal (sep-to-mar'-jin-al). Relating to 
the margin of a septum. 

septometer (sep-tom'-et-er) [septum; fikrpov, a 
measure]. 1. An instrument for determining the 
thickness of the nasal septum. 2. [sepsis.] An ap- 
paratus for determining organic impurities in the 
air. 

septonasal {sep-to-na'-zaT) [septum, septum; nasus, 
nose]. Pertaining to the nasal septum. 

septopyemia, septopyaemia (sep-to-pi-e'-me-ah). 
See septicopyemia. 

septotome (sep' -to-tom) [septum; ro\xr\, a cutting]. 
An instrument for cutting the nasal septum. 

septotomy (sep-tot'-o-me) [septum; rom, a cutting]. 
The operation of cutting the nasal septum. 

-septula (sep'-tu-lah). Plural of septulum (q. v.). 
s. fibrosa, fibrous trabeculae extending from the deep 
fascia of the penis into the corpus cavernosum. 
s. interalveolaria, the septa dividing the alveoli of 
the lungs, s. medullaria, processes radiating from 
the periphery of the gray substance of the spinal 
cord into the white substance, s. renum. See 
columna Bertini. s. testis, septules of the testis. 

septulum (sep'-tu-lum) [L.; pi, septula]. A small 
septum, s. testis. See septula testis. 

septum (sep'-lum) [sepire, to hem in]. A partition; 
a division-wall. s. atriorum, s. atrium, s. auricu- 
larum, the septum between the right and left auricles 
of the heart, s., Bigelow's, the calcar femorale, 
an early vertical spur of compact tissue in the neck 
of the femur, a little in front of the lesser trochanter. 
s. cordis, the wall between the two sides of the heart. 
s. crurale, the layer of areolar tissue closing the 
femoral ring, s., Douglas', in the fetus the septum 



formed by the union of Rathke's folds transforming 
the rectum into a complete canal, s. intermusculare, 
septum between muscles, s. linguae, the vertical 
mesal partition of the tongue, which divides the 
muscular tissue into two halves, s. lucidum, a thin, 
translucent septum forming the internal boundary 
of the lateral ventricles of the brain and inclosing 
between its two lamina? the fifth ventricle. s.» 
nasal, the septum between the two nasal cavities. 
s., pectiniform, that between the corpora cavernosa 
of the penis, s. pellucidum. See s. lucidum. s, 
of the pons, the median raphe of the pons formed by 
the decussation of nerve-fibers, s., rectovaginal, 
the tissue forming the partition between the rectum 
and the vagina, s. scalae, lamina spiralis, s. scroti, 
that dividing the scrotum into two cavities, s. 
subarachnoid, a partition formed by bands of fibro- 
elastic tissue passing from the arachnoid to the pia 
along the posterior median line of the spinal cord, 
s. thoracis. See mediastinum, s. transversum. 
1. The diaphragm. 2. The tentorium cerebelli. 
s., triangular medullary. See s. lucidum. s., ventri- 
cular. 1. Same as 5. lucidum. 2. Same as s. ven- 
triculorum. s. ventriculorum, the septum between 
the two ventricles of the heart. 

septuplet (sep'-tu-plet) [septem, seven]. One of 
seven offspring born from a single gestation. 

sepulture (sep'-ul-tur) [sepultura; sepelire, to en- 
tomb]. The disposal of the dead by buriah 

sequardin (sa-kwar'-din) [Charles Edouard Brown- 
Sequard, French physiologist, 1817-1894]. A ster- 
ilized testicular extract. 

sequel, sequela (se'-kwel, se-khel' -ah) [sequi, to- 
follow; pi., sequels, sequela]. A disease or abnormal 
condition following an attack of a disease, and 
directly or indirectly dependent upon it. 

sequence (se'-kwens) [sequentia]. 1. The order of 
occurrence, as of symptoms. 2. A sequela. 

sequential (se-kwen'-shal) [sequentia]. Occurring 
as a sequence, as sequential insanity. 

sequester (se-kwes'-ter). Sequestrum. 

sequestral (se-kwes'-tral) [sequestrum, sequestrum]. 
Pertaining to, or of the nature of, a sequestrum. 

sequestration (se-kwes-tra'-shun) [sequestrum]. 1. 
The formation of a sequestrum. 2. The isolation of 
persons suffering from disease for purposes of treat- 
ment or of protecting others. 

sequestrectomy (se-kwes-trek'-to-me). See seques- 
trotomy. 

sequestrotomy {se-kwes-trot'-o-me) [sequestrum ; 
tow, a cutting]. The operation of removing a 
sequestrum. 

sequestrum (se-kwes'-trum) [sequestrare, to separ- 
ate; pi., sequestra]. A detached or dead piece of bone 
within a cavity, abscess, or wound, s., primary, 
that entirely detached and demanding removal, 
s., secondary, one that is partially detached, and 
that unless very loose may be pushed into place, 
s., tertiary, cracked or partially detached and re- 
maining firmly in place. 

sera (se'-rah) [L.]. Plural of serum, q. v. 

seralbumin (se-ral-bu'-min) [serum; albumin]. 
Serum-albumin, the albumin found in the blood. 

serempion (se-rem'-pe-on). A form of epidemic 
measles encountered in the West Indies, and causing 
great mortality, especially among children. 

Serenoa (ser-e-no'-ah) [Sereno Watson, American 
botanist]. A genus of palms of one species, S. 
serrulata, the saw-palmetto of North and South 
America. The fruit is diuretic and sedative and 
used in diseases of the genitourinary tract. Dose 
of extract 8-20 gr. (0.52-1.3 Gm.); of the fluidextract 
57-114 min. (3.7-7.4 Cc). . 

serial (se'-re-al) [series, a succession]. Following 
in regular order; occurring in rows. s. sections, 
microscopic sections made in consecutive order and 
arranged in the same manner. 

seribele (sa-re-bal). A teniafuge said to consist of 
the seeds and root bark of Connarus guianensis. 
Dose 2 oz. (60 Gm.) in decoction. 

sericeps (ser'-is-eps) [sericum, silken; caput, head]. 
A device made of loops of ribbon, used in place of 
the forceps in making traction upon the fetal head. 

sericum (ser'-ik-um) [L.]. Silken, silk (q. v.). 
Sericum was formerly much prescribed as a cordial, 
tonic, nervine, and as a restorative of the memory, 
reason, and reproductive power. It was an ingredient 
of various electuaries. 

series (se'-rez) [L.]. A succession or chain of 
similar parts, or activities, s., aliphatic, the open 



SERIFLUX 



797 



SERRATION 



chain series of organic compounds, derived from 
methane, s., aromatic, the organic compounds 
derived from benzene, s., fatty. Same as s. ali- 
phatic, s., homologous, a series of organic com- 
pounds the consecutive members of which differ by 
a common ratio (generally CH2). s. dentium, a 
tow of teeth, s., numbering parts in, the rule almost 
universally followed is to commence with the part 
at the proximal, or at the cephalic aspect, e. g., 
the most cephalic vertebra (atlas) is number one. 
The shoulder-girdle is the proximal segment of the 
pectoral limb. 

serifLux (se'-rif-luks) [serum; fiuxus, flow]. Any 
serous or watery discharge, or a disease characterized 
by such a discharge. 

serin (se'-rin), CH 2 (OH) . CH(NHs) . CO2H. 1. 
amidoglycerol, obtained by boiling serecin with dilute 
sulphuric acid. It forms hard crystals, soluble in 
water, but insoluble in alcohol and ether. 2. Serum 
albumin. 

serious (se'-re-us) [serins, grave]. Applied to such 
morbid conditions or symptoms as indicate a grave 
prognosis. _ 

seriscission (ser-is-ish'-un) [sericum, silken; scissio, 
a cutting]. Division of soft tissues by a silken 
ligature. 

sero- (se-ro-) [serum]. A prefix meaning relating 
to serum or serous. 

serobacterins (se-ro-bak'-ler-ins). Emulsions of 
killed bacteria which have been sensitized by treat- 
ment with a specific immune serum. 

serochrome (se'-ro-krom) [sero-; xp^m«. color]. 
Gilbert's name for the pigments (lipochrome, lutein) 
which serve to give color to normal serum. 

serocolitis (se-ro-ko-li'-tis). Inflammation of the 
serous covering of the colon. 

serocyst (se'-ro-sist). A tumor containing cysts 
filled with serum. 

serocystic (se-ro-sis'-tik) [sero-; kvo-tls, a bladder]. 
Composed of cysts filled with a serous fluid. 

serodermatosis (se-ro-der-mat-o'-sis) [serum; 5ep/ia, 
skin; vovos, disease]. A skin-disease characterized 
by serous effusion into the tissue of the skin. 

serodermitis (se-ro-der-mi'-tis) [sero-; dermitis]. 
An inflammatory skin affection attended with 
serous effusion. 

serodiagnosis (se-ro-di-ag-no'-sis) . Diagnosis based 
upon the reaction of blood-serum of patients. See 
WidaVs reaction. 

seroenteritis (se-ro-en-ter-i'-tis). Inflammation of 
the serous covering of the small intestine. 

serofibrinous (se-ro-fi' -brin-us) [sero-; fibrin]. 
1. Composed of serum and fibrin, e. g., a serofibrinous 
exudate. 2. Characterized by the production of a 
serofibrinous exudate, as a serofibrinous inflammation. 

serofibrous (se-ro-fi' -br us). Pertaining to a serous 
membrane and a fibrous tissue. 

seroformalin (se-ro-forrn'-al-in). An antiseptic 
dusting-powder of dried coagulated blood-serum and 
formalin. 

seroglobulin (se-ro-glob'-il-lin). See paraglobulin. 

serohepatitis (se-ro-hep-at-i'-tis) [sero-; hepatitis]. 
Inflammation of the hepatic peritoneum. 

seroid (se'-roid) [sero-; ei8os likeness]. Resembling 
a serous membrane. 

seroimmunity (se-ro-im-u'-nit-e). Passive im- 
munity; see under immunity. 

serolactescent (se-ro-lak-tes'-ent) [serum; lac, lactis, 
milk]. Having the characters of both serum and 
milk. The secretion of Montgomery's glands is 
said to be serolactescent. 

serolemma (se-ro-lem'-ah) [sero-; Xt/x/xa, a husk; 
a peel]._ The embryonic external layer of the amnion. 

serolin (se'-ro-lin) [sero-; oleum, oil]. A neutral 
fatty constituent of blood, occurring in small amount; 
its nature is undetermined. 

serolipase (se-ro-lip' -as) . Lipase as found in 
blood-serum. 

serological (se-ro-loj'-ik-al) . Pertaining to serology. 

serologist (se-rol'-o-jist). One versed in serology. 

serology (se-rol'-o-je). That branch of science 
which deals with serum; especially immune and 
hemolytic sera. 

seromembranous (se-ro-mem'-bran-us) . Serous 
and membranous. 

seromucous (se-ro-mu'-kus). Having the nature 
of or containing both serum and mucus. 

seropneumothorax (se-ro-nu-mo-tho'-raks) [serum ; 
irvevpa, air; thorax]. Pleurisy with serous effusion, as- 
sociated with pneumothorax. 



seropurulent (se-ro-pu'-roo-lent) [sero-; purulent]. 
Composed of serum and pus, as a seropurulent exudate. 

seropus (se'-ro-pus) [sero-; pus]. A fluid consisting 
of serum and pus. 

seroreaction (se-ro-re-ak'-shun). 1. Any reaction 
occurring in a serum, such as complement fixation. 
2. Serum disease. 

serosa (se-ro' -sah) [serous; membrana, understood]. 
A serous membrane. 

serosanguineous (se-ro-san-gwin'-e-us) [sero-; san- 
guis, blood]. Having the nature of, or containing, 
both serum and blood. 

seroserous (se-ro-se'-rus) [serous]. Pertaining joint- 
ly to two serous surfaces. 

serosine (se'-ro-sen). A proprietary remedy said 
to be antipyretic and antiseptic; same as bromaniline. 

serositis (se-ro-s i'-tis) . Inflammation of a serous 
membrane. 

serosity (se-ros'-it-e) [serum]. The quality of be- 
ing serous; a serous fluid not the true secretion of 
serous membranes. 

serosynovial (se-ro-si-no'-ve-aT) [sero-; synovia]. 
Having the characters of both serum and synovia; 
pertaining to both a serous and a synovial membrane. 

serosynovitis (se-ro-si-no-vi'-tis) [sero-; synovitis]. 
A synovitis with increase of synovial fluid. 

serotaxis (se-ro-taks'-is) [sero-; ra£is, arrangement]. 
In diagnosis the determination of the blood to the 
skin by application of a solution of caustic potash. 

serotherapy (se-ro-ther'-ap-e) [sero-; therapy]. 1. 
The treatment of disease by means of human or an- 
imal blood-serum containing antitoxins. 2. Whey 
cure. 

serothorax (se-ro-tho'-raks). Hydrothorax. 

serotina (ser-o-ti'-nah). See decidua serotina. 

serous (se'-rus) [serum], 1. Pertaining to, char- 
acterized by, or resembling serum. 2. Producing 
serum, as a serous gland; containing serum, as a ser- 
ous cyst. s. cavity, a large lymph-space, s. ef- 
fusion, an effusion of serum, s. exudate, an exu- 
date consisting largely of serum, s. fluid, normal 
lymphatic fluid, s. inflammation, an inflammation 
characterized by the formation of a serous exudate. 
s. membrane. See membrane. 

serovaccination (se-ro-vak-sin-a'-shun). A method 
of obtaining mixed immunity by injecting a serum 
(to secure passive immunity) and also vaccinating 
(to secure active immunity). 

serozyme (se'-ro-zim) [serum; £vnv, leaven]. Same 
as thrombogen, q. v. 

serpedo (ser-pe'-do) [serpere, to creep]. Same as 
psoriasis. 

serpens (ser'-pevz) [L.]. Serpentine, sinuous; creep- 
ing, s., ulcus, a fistulous ulcer; a sinuous ulcer of the 
cornea. 

serpentaria (ser-pen-ta'-re-ah) [L.]. Virginia snake- 
root, the root of several species of Aristolochia, of the 
order Aristoloch.iacece. The rhizome and rootlets of 
Aristolochia serpentaria and Aristolochia reticulata 
constitute the serpentaria of the U. S. P. (serpentaria. 
rhizoma, B. P.). Serpentaria contains a volatile oil, 
a bitter principle, and a nitrogenous principle called 
aristolochin, It is a stimulant, tonic diaphoretic, and 
diuretic, and is used in intermittent fever and in dys- 
pepsia, s., fiuidextract of (fiuidextr actum serpen- 
tarice, U. S. P.). Dose 20-30 min. (1.3-2.0 Cc). 
s., infusion of (infusum serpentaria, B. P.). Dose 
1 oz. (32 Cc). s., tincture of (tinctura serpentarice, 
U. S. P..B. P.). Dose 1 dr. (4 Cc). 

serpentine (ser' -pen-tin) [serpens, serpent]. Sin- 
uous; snake-like. 

serpes (ser'-pez) [serpere, to creep]. Herpes. 

serpiginous (ser-pij'-in-us) [serpiginosus, from ser- 
pere, to creep]. Creeping, s. ulcer, one that ex- 
tends in one dhection while healing in another. 

serpigo (ser-pi'-go) [L.]. Ringworm; herpes. 

serra (ser' -ah) [L., a saw]. In biology, a saw or 
sawlike structure, s. salvia, mountain sage, an herb 
of the U. S., introduced as a substitute for quinine 
in the treatment of periodic fevers. Also of service 
in rheumatisn, scarlet fever, and diphtheria. Dose of 
the fiuidextract 3 j-ij- 

serrago (ser-a'-go) [L., gen., serraginis]. Sawdust. 

serrate, serrated (ser'-at, ser'-a-ted) [serra, a saw]. 
Provided with sharp projections like the teeth of a 
saw. 

serratiform (ser-at'-if-orm) [serra, a saw; forma, a 
form]. Same as serrated. 

serration (ser-a'-shun) [see serrate]. The state or 
condition of being serrate. 



SERRATUS 



798 



SERUM 



serratus (ser-a'-tus) [L.]. Serrated; applied to 
muscles arising or inserted by a series of processes 
resembling the teeth of a saw. See under muscle. 

serre-fine (sar-fen) [Ft.]. A small spring-forceps 
for seizing and compressing bleeding vessels. 

serre-noeud (sar-neh') [Fr.]. An instrument used 
for drawing tight a ligature thrown around a part, as 
around the pedicle of a tumor. 

Serres' glands (sair) [Etienne Renaud Auguste 
Serres, French physician, 1787-1868]. Pearl-like 
masses frequently seen in the infant near the gum and 
resulting from the fragmentation of the dental epithe- 
lium. They may give rise to cysts or other abnormal 
growths. 

serrulate (ser'-roo-lat) [serrula, dim. of serra, a saw]. 
Minutely notched or serrated. 

Sertoli's cells, S.'s columns (ser'-to-le) [Enrico 
Sertoli, Italian histologist]. The supporting cells of 
the seminiferous tubules, arranged radially on the 
membrana propria, and forming long columns be- 
tween the spermatoblasts. 

serum (se'-rum) [L.; pi., sera]. 1. The clear, yel- 
lowish fluid separating from the blood after the coag- 
ulation of the fibrin. 2. Any clear fluid resembling 
the serum of the blood. 3. An antitoxin for thera- 
peutic use. s., Adamkiewicz's. See cancroin. s. 
adapted, a serum produced by immunization, s.- 
albumin, the albumin found in the blood-serum and 
other animal fluids, s., allergic, one which produces 
hypersensitiveness to injections of serum, s., anal- 
lergic, one which does not produce hypersensitivenes 
to injections of serum, s., anthrax, one used in cattle 
in the form of protective inoculations, s., antican- 
cerous, a serum provided by the inoculation of an ass 
previously infected with the filtered juice of a neo- 
plastic tumor, s., antidiphtheritic {serum antidiph- 
thericum, U. S. P.), one prepared, by (1) the produc- 
tion of diphtheric toxin by means of boullion cultures ; 
(2) the immunization of horses, and (3) the collection 
and separation of the blood-serum from the immuni- 
ized animals. If 1 Cc. of thfs serum suffices to pro- 
tect perfectly a guineapig against a fatal dose of the 
toxin, and without even the occurrence of a localized 
reaction at the site of the injection, the serum is said 
to contain one immunizing unit in the cubic centi- 
meter; if 0.1 Cc. suffices, it has 10 units; if 0.01 Cc, 
it has 100 units per cubic centimeter. In Germany 
the least allowed by law is 100 units. s. f antiepithe- 
liomatous, one obtained from animals by inoculation 
with cultures of pathogenic yeast isolated from can- 
cerous tumors. Syn., serum of Hoffmann and of 
Villiers and Wlaeff. s., antimorphine, a resistance 
substance conferring immunity to the action of mor- 
phine poison, obtained by L. Hirschlaff from animals 
treated with increasing doses of morphine, s., anti- 
scarlatinal. See s., v. Ley den's, and s., Moser's. s., 
antistaphylococcic, s., antistaphylococcous, a serum 
produced in the goat by Proscher that will immunize 
rabbit9 against from 5 to 7 times the lethal dose of 
culture of staphylococcus when used in doses of 1-5 
Cc. s., antistreptococcic, s., antistreptococcous. 1. 
A specific serum obtained by Piorkowski against the 
streptococcus, which causes the disease called pfer- 
dedruse, a contagious, catarrhal affection of the nasal 
and pharyngeal membranes of horses. The serum 
has protective and curative properties. It agglu- 
tinates the specific streptococcus in dilutions of 1 : 100, 
the streptococcus of angina but slightly or not at all, 
and other pathogenic species in dilutions of less than 
1 : 25. Piorkowski concludes that there are specific 
races of streptococci, and that success in the use of an 
antistreptococcous serum will be obtained only when 
an antiserum for the specific organism found in the 
particular group of cases is used. 2. See Si, Moser's. 
s., antitoxic, that which acts upon the bacterial toxins 
and is not bactericidal, s., antityphoid, a sterilized 
culture of typhoid bacilli used by vaccination as a 
prophylaxis against typhoid. Cf. Jez's antityphoid 
extract, s., antivenomous, see antivenin. s., bac- 
tericidal, that which destroys bacteria but has no 
effect upon toxins, s. bacteriolytic, one which con- 
tains a lysin capable of destroying certain bacteria, 
s., Bardel's, sodium chloride, 1 Gm.; phenol, 0.5 Gm.; 
sodium phosphate, 3 Gm.; sodium sulphate, 2 Gm.; 
water, to 100 Cc s., Behring's, s. of Behring-Roux, 
see s., antidiphtheric. s., bichlorureted, of Cheron, 
mercury bichloride, 0.5 eg.; sodium chloride, 2 Gm.; 
distilled water, 200 Cc; crystallized phenol added 
when the serum is quite cold, 2 Gm. Dose 300 gr. 
(20 Gm.) injected into the gluteal region every eight 



days for syphilis, s., Calmette's, see antivenin. s., 
cancer. 1. Cancer-juice. 2. See cancroin. s., Can- 
tani's, sodium chloride, 4 Gm.; sodium carbonate, 3 
Gm.; water, 1000 Cc. s.-casein, Panum's name for 
paraglobulin. s., cerebrospinal, cerebrospinal fluid. 
s., Cheron's, phenol, 1 Cc; sodium chloride, 2 Gm.; 
sodium phosphate, 4 Gm.; sodium sulphate, 8 Gm.; 
boiled distilled water, 100 Cc. s., clumping, a serum 
capable of producing agglutination of bacteria, s., 
Crocq's, sodium phosphate, 2 Gm.; distilled water, 
100 Cc. s.-disease, name given to va/ious symptoms 
which appear some days after the injection of a 
serum; urticaria, fever. Swollen glands, edema, 
albuminuria, and arthralgia may thus be present. 
s.-diagnosis, see serodiagnosis. s., Flexner's, serum 
used in the treatment of diplococcic cerebrospinal 
meningitis, s., globulicidal, a hemolytic serum, s.- 
globulin, see paraglobulin. s., Haffkine's, a steril- 
ized culture of cholera bacilli for conferring immunity 
against cholera. See _ Haffkine's method under im- 
munization, s., Haffkine's prophylactic, a serum ob- 
tained by heating a virulent culture of plague bacilli 
to 70 C. It is used as a prophylactic against cholera. 
s., Hayem's. 1. Sodium chloride, 5 Gm.; sodium 
sulphate, 10 Gm. ; sterilized water, 1 liter. 2. Sodium 
chloride, 7-5 Gm.; sterilized water, 1000 Cc. Syn., 
physiological serum, s., hemolytic, any blood-serum 
which produces hemolysis, s. of Hoffmann, see 
s., anti'epitheliomatous. s., Huchard's, sodium phos- 
phate, 10 Gm.; sodium chloride, 5 Gm.; sodium sul- 
phate, 2.5 Gm.; distilled water, to 100 Cc. s., Huch- 
ard's concentrated, sodium chloride, 5 Gm.; sodium 
phosphate, 10 Gm.; sodium sulphate, 2.5 Gm.; phe- 
nol, 1.5 Gm.; water, 100 Cc. s., immune, the serum 
of an immunized animal, containing a specific anti- 
body, s., inactivated, see inactivate, s., jequiritol, 
an antitoxin prepared on the principle of Beyring's 
method, which has the power of rapidly and surely 
paralyzing the effects of jequiritol in the human 
system when applied locally in the conjunctival sac 
and when injected subcutaneously. s., Kronecker 
and Lichtenstein's, sodium chloride from 6 to 7-5 Gm. ; 
sodium carbonate, 0.1 Gm. ; water, 1000 Cc s. lactis, 
whey, s., Latta's, sodium chloride, from 3 to 5 Gm. ; 
sodium carbonate, 1.7 Gm.; water, 3400 Cc. s., 
Leclerc's (very strong), sodium chloride, 4 Gm.; 
sodium phosphate, sodium sulphate, of each, 0.5 
Gm. ; boiled distilled water, 100 Cc. s., leukotoxic, 
one which destroys the leukocytes, s., v. Leyden's, 
blood-serum taken from convalescent scarlatina pa- 
tients. Cf. s., Moser's. s., luetic, emulsion of liver 
or kidney of a syphilitic fetus, cleared by filtration, 
s.-lutein, the pigment contained in the serum from 
the blood of most animals. S., Luton's, crystallized 
sodium phosphate, 5 Gm.; sodium sulphate, 10 Gm.; 
boiled distilled water, 100 Cc. s., Maragliano's, an 
antituberculous serum obtained from an ass or horse 
treated with repeated injections of tuberculous toxin, 
s., Marmorek's, a polyvalent serum obtained by the 
inoculation of animals with streptococci of various 
origin, s., Mathieu's, sodium sulphate, 6 Gm.; so- 
dium phosphate, 4 Gm.; sodium chloride, 1 Gm.; 
glycerol, 20 Gm. ; distilled water, to 100 Cc. s., men- 
ingococci^ serum used in the treatment of diplococcic 
cerebrospinal meningitis. s., Moser's (Paul), an 
antistreptococcus serum obtained by simultaneous 
inoculation of horses with several varieties of strep- 
tococci taken from the blood of scarlatina patients, 
s., neurotoxic, one which acts directly upon the nerve- 
tissues. s.~j normal, that of which 0.1 Cc. neutralizes 
10 times the minimal lethal dose of a specific bacterial 
poison, s., Paquin's, an antitoxic serum of tuber- 
culosis produced by successive inoculation of horses. 
It is injected in daily doses of from 10 to 150 drops. 
s., Parascandolo's, an immunizing serum produced by 
inoculation of animals with mixed cultures of strep- 
tococci and staphylococci, s., physiological, s., pooled, 
mixed serum from different individuals, s., pneu- 
mococcic, serum used in the treatment of pneumonia. 
See s., Hayem's (2). s.s, polyvalent, serums de- 
rived from animals infected by a number of different 
streptococci, s., protective, any immunizing serum. 
Cf. s., Haffkine's. s., Renzi's, iodine, 1 Gm.; potas- 
sium iodide, 3 Gm.; sodium chloride, 6 Gm.; water, 
1000 Cc. s., Richet and Hericourt's. See s., antican- 
cerous. s., Roussel's, sodium phosphate, 50 Gm.; 
water, 1000 Cc. s., Roux's. See s., antidiphtheric. s., 
Sapellier's, sodium chloride, 60 Gm.; potassium chlo- 
ride, 5 Gm.; sodium carbonate, 31 Gm.; sodium phos- 
phate, 4.5 Gm.; potassium sulphate, 3.5 Gm.; boiled 



SERUMAL 



799 



SHACKLE 



water, ioo Cc. s., Schiess's, sodium chloride, 75 
Gm.; sodium bicarbonate, so Gm.; water, iooo Ccf 
s., Schwartz's, sodium chloride, 6 Gm.; solution o. 
caustic soda, 2 drops; water, iooo Gm. s., Sclavo's, 
cultures of pneumococci in egg-albumen, s., seraph- 
thin, a proprietary prophylactic against foot-and- 
mouth disease, s.-sickness, see s.-disease. s. 
specific. See s„ immune, s., streptococcic, serum 
used in the treatment of streptococcic septicemia 
and pyemia, s. sublimatum, One part of corrosive 
sublimate to from 50 to 100 parts of serum. It is 
used subcutaneously as an antiseptic and for im- 
pregnating bandages, s., Syndmann's, sodium chlo- 
ride, 6 Gm.; sodium bicarbonate, 1 Gm.; water, iooo 
Cc. s.-therapy. See serotherapy, s.-thyroid, serum 
used in the treatment of exophthalmic goiter, s. of 
Tizzoni and Cattani, obtained by evaporating in a 
vacuum the serum of an immunized horse. Each 
gram of the powdered residue corresponds to 10 Cc. 
of the serum, s., Trunecek's, for the treatment 
of symptoms caused by arteriosclerosis; sodium 
chloride, 4.92 Gm.; sodium sulphate, 0.44 Gm.; sod- 
ium carbonate, 0.21 Gm.; potassium sulphate, 0.4 
Gm.; sodium phosphate, 0.15 Gm. This is given in 
hypodermatic injections of 1 Cc. every 3 or 4 days, 
increasing to 5 to 7 Cc, or in rectal injections of 35 
Cc. s.-unit. See unit, s., Vandervelde's. 1. So- 
dium glycerophosphate, sodium chloride, of each, 3 
Gm.; water, iooo Cc. 2. Sodium chloride, potassium 
chloride, of each, 3 Gm.; sodium carbonate, 2.5 Gm.; 
sodium phosphate, 3 Gm.; potassium sulphate, 2 
Gm.; water, to 100 Cc. s. of Villiers and Wlaeff. 
See s., antiepitheliomatous. s. of Wlaeff. see s., 
antiepitheliomatous. s., Yersin's, serum of a horse 
immunized by intravenous injection of a virulent 
culture of the plague bacillus. 

serumal (se'-roo-mal). Relating to or derived from 
serum, s. calculus, a calculus formed about the 
teeth by exudation from diseased gums. 

serumuria (se-rum-u'-re-ah) . Same as albuminuria. 

Servetus's circulation (ser-ve'-tus) [Michael Ser- 
vetus, Spanish physician, 1509-1553]. The pulmon- 
ary circulation. 

servol (ser'-vol). An alcohol soap solution con- 
taining 12 per cent, of formaldehyde; it is used as a 
disinfectant. 

sesame (ses'-am-e) . See sesamum. 

sesamoid (ses'-am-oid) [sesame; el5os, like]. Resem- 
bling a sesame-seed. s. bone, a small bone developed 
in a tendon subjected to much pressure, s. cartilage, 
small cartilages in the alee of the nose. 

sesamoid it is (ses-am-oi-di'-tis) [sesamoid; ins, in- 
flammation]. Inflammatory disease of the sesamoid 
bones of the fetlock of the horse. 

sesamum (ses'-am-um) [a^aayxiv, sesame]. A genus 
of plants of the order Pedalinece. S. indicum and 
5. orientate yield a bland, sweetish oil. S7, oil of 
{oleum sesami), sesame oil, employed like olive-oil. 
Syn., benne oil; teel oil. 

sesqui- (ses-kwe-) [L.]. A prefix denoting one and 
one-half. 

sesquibasic (ses-kwe-ba'-sik) [sesqui, one-half more; 
base]. Applied to salts formed from a tribasic acid 
by the replacement of three atoms of hydrogen by 
two of a basic element or radical. 

sesquih. Abbreviation of sesquihora, an hour and 
a half. 

sesquioxide (ses-kwe-oks'-id) [sesqui-; 6£us, acid]. 
A compound of oxygen and another element, con- 
taining three parts of oxygen to two of the other 
element. 

sesquisalt (ses'-kwe-sawlt) [sesqui-; salt]. A salt 
containing one and one-half times as much of the acid 
as of the radical or base. 

sessile (ses'-il) [sessilis, from sedere, to sit]. At- 
tached by a broad base; not pedunculated, as a sessile 
tumor. 

sesunc. Abbreviation of sesuncia, an ounce and a 
half. 

set [ME., setten]. 1. To reduce the displacement 
in a fracture and apply suitable bandages. 2. To 
harden; to solidify — as a cement or amalgam. 

seta (se'-tah) [seta, a bristle: pi., setce]. A stiff, 
stout, bristle-like appendage; a chaeta, vibrissa. 

setaceous (se-la'-se-us) [seta, a hair, a bristle]. 
Bristly, bristling, bristk-shaped. 

setaria (se-ta'-re-ah) [seta, a bristle]. A genus of 
grasses including millet, S. italica. 

setarin {se-ta' -rin) . A toxic glucoside isolated by 
E. F. Ladd, 1899, from millet, Setaria italica. 



Setchenow's inhibitory center (setsh'-en-of). See 
Setschenow. 

setiform (se'-tif-orm) [seta, a bristle; forma, form]. 
Bristle-like in shape. 

setigerous, or setiferous (se-tij'-er-us, se-tif'-er-us) 
[seta, bristle; gerere or f err e, to bear]. Bearing biis- 
tles or stiff hairs. 

seton (se'-ton) [seta, a bristle]. 1. A thread or 
skein of threads drawn through a fold of the skin, so 
as to produce a fistulous tract; it is used as a count- 
erirritant. 2. The tract thus produced. 

setose (se'-tos). Beset with bristle-like appen- 
dages. 

Setschenow's inhibitory center (setch'-en-of) [Ivan 
Setschenow, Russian physician]. A cerebral center 
for the inhibition of reflex movements, situated in the 
corpora quadrigemina and the medulla oblongata. 

setula (set'-u-lah) [dim. of seta, a bristle: pi., setu- 
Ice]. A diminutive bristle. 

sevadilla, see cebadilla. 

seven-day fever. Relapsing fever. 

seventh nerve. The facial nerve. See nerves. 

sevetol (sev'-et-ol). Trade name of a preparation 
of predigested animal and vegetable fats. 

seviparous (se-vip'-ar-us) [sevum; par ere, to pro- 
duce]. Sebiferous; fat-producing. 

sevum (se'-vum) [L.]. Suet. s. praeparatum, the 
prepared suet of the U. S. P. 

sewage (sit'-aj). The heterogeneous substances 
constituting the excreta and waste matter of domestic 
economy and the contents of drains. It consists 
mainly of putrescent animal and vegetable tissues, 
fecal matter, and urine — the latter in a state of am- 
moniacal fermentation — mixed with water or dis- 
solved in it. s.-farming, use of sewage as a manure. 

sewer (su f -er). A canal for the removal of sewage. 
s.-air throat, acute tonsillitis, s.-gas, the mixture of 
air, vapors, and gases, which emanates from sewers. 
It varies greatly in respect to its pathogenic qualities. 
s.-g. pneumonia. See pneumonia. 

sewerage (su'-er-aj). 1. The collection and re- 
moval of sewage. 2. The system of pipes, etc., for 
the removal of sewage. 

sewing spasm. See seamstress's cramp. 

sex- (seks) [L.]. A numeral used as a prefix, mean- 
ing six. 

sex (seks) [sexus, also secus, sex]. The state or 
condition of being either male or female. 

sexidigital, sexidigitate (seks-e-dif-it-al, seks-e-dij'- 
il-at) [sex, six; digitus, a finger]. Having six fingers 
or six toes. 

sexivalent (seks-iv'-al-ent) [sex, six; valere, to be 
worth]. Having an atomicity of six as compared 
with that of hydrogen. 

sextan (seks' -tan) [sex, six]. Occurring every sixth 
day, as a sextan fever. 

sextigravida (seks-te-grav'-id-ah) [sextus, sixth; 
gravida, pregnant]. A woman pregnant for the sixth 
time. 

sextipara (seks-tip'-ar-ah) [sextus, sixth; par ere, to 
produce]. A woman in labor for the sixth time. 

sextonol (seks'-to-nol). Trade name of a mixture 
of the glycerophosphates of calcium, iron, manganese, 
quinine, sodium, and strychnine. 

sextuplet (seks-tu'-plet) [sex, six]. One of six off- 
spring of a single gestation. 

sexual (seks'-u-al) [sexus, sex]. Pertaining to or 
characteristic of sex, as the sexual organs, s. bondage 
" the dependence of one person upon another of the op- 
posite sex that is abnormal but not perverse, s. 
diseases, diseases of the sexual organs, s. inter- 
course, copulation, s. inversion, a variety of sexual 
perversion in which there is an abnormal liking for a 
person of the same, instead of for one of the opposite 
sex. s. involution, the menopause, s. metamorpho- 
sis, a variety of sexual perversion in which the in- 
dividual has the tastes and feelings and assumes the 
dress and habits of the opposite sex. s. selection. 
See evolution. 

sexuality (seks-u-al'-it-e) [sexus, sex]. The col- 
lective differences which in an individual make one 
male or female. 

sexually (seks'-u-al-e) [sexus, sex]. In a sexual 
manner. 

sexvalent (seks'-va-lent). Sexivalent. 

shackle (shak-l) [ME., schakkyl, shackle]. Some- 
thing that hinders or confines, s.-joint, a variety of 
articulation formed by passing a bony ring of one part 
through a perforation of another part._ It is seen 
in the exoskeleton of some fishes, s.-vein, a vein of 



SHADDOCK 



800 



SHORT CIRCUIT 



the horse, probably the median antebrachial, from 
which blood was formerly abstracted. 

shaddock (skad'-ok) [Captain Shaddock, who in- 
troduced the tree into the West Indes fiom Java in 
the early part of the eighteenth century]. The fruit 
of Citrus decumana, grape fruit. 

shadow (shad'-o) [ME., schadowe, shadow]. A 
phantom cell, or skeletonized blood-cell, formed by- 
the removal of the hemoglobin from a red corpuscle. 
s.-test. See retinoscopy. 

shadowgram. See skiagram. 

shadowgraph (shad'-o-graf). See skiagraph. 

shaft. The trunk of any columnar mass, espe- 
cially the diaphysis of a long bone. 

shakes (shaks). See ague. 

shaking (sha'-king) [ME., shaken, to shake]. A 
passive Swedish movement used in the treatment of 
nervous affections, s. cure, the treatment of disease 
by a shaking or vibratory movement, advocated by 
Charcot in paralysis agitans, by means of a vibrating 
arm-chair, s. palsy. See paralysis agitans. 

shampoo (sham-poo') [Hind., tshanpna, shampoo], 
i. Synonym of massage. 2. To lather, rub, or wash 
the head. 

shampooing (sham-poo' -ing). The performance of 
massage with the application of a liniment or other 
medicinal substance, and also in connection with the 
Turkish bath. 

shank (ME., shanke, the chief bone of the leg] . The 
leg from the knee to the ankle; the tibia or shin-bone. 

share-bone. The os pubis. 

Sharpey's intercrossing fibers (shar'-pe) [William 
Sharpey, English anatomist, 1 802-1 880]. The col- 
lagenous fibers forming the lamella? which constitute 
the walls of the Haversian canals in bone; same as 
osteogenic fibers. S.'s perforating fibers, calcified 
white or elastic fibers which connect the lamellae in 
the walls of the Haversian canals. 

shaven-beard appearance. A peculiar appear- 
ance of the agminated glands of the intestine in 
typhoid fever, resembling that of a recently shaven 
beard. 

shawl-muscle, the trapezius. 

shears (sherz) [ME., sheres, shears]. A large pair 
of scissors, s., bandage, strong shears for cutting 
bandages, usually bent at an angle. 

sheath (sheth). An envelope; a covering. In an- 
atomy, appiled to the coverings of arteries, muscles, 
nerves, fascia, etp. s., arachnoidean, a delicate par- 
tition lying between the pial sheath and the dural 
sheath of the optic nerve, s., axis-cylinder. See 
Huxley's layer, s., capillary, or s., circumvascular, a 
wide lymphatic tube surrounding some of the smallest 
blood-vessels, s. cellular. See epineurium. s., cor- 
tical, the bast-bundles . s., crural, the femoral sheath ; 
see under femoral, s., dentinal, the structure lining 
the dentinal canals, s., dural, a strong fibrous mem- 
brane forming the external investment of the optic 
nerve ; see dura, s., femoral. See femoral, s., fibril, 
a sheath formed by connective-tissue fibrils and sur- 
rounding individual nerve-fibers, s. of Henle. 1. 
An attenuated extension of the perineurium in- 
vesting the fibers composing funiculi of a nerve- 
trunk; it consists of a delicate fibrous envelope lined 
with endothelial plates, which in some cases alone 
represent the entire sheath. 2. The cellular layer 
forming the outer portion of the inner root-sheath of 
the hair, s., Huxley's. See Huxley's layer, s., lam- 
ellar. See perineurium, s. of Mauthner, a proto-' 
plasmic investing membrane beneath the neurilemma 
and the nodes of Ranvier, passing inward to separate 
the myelin from the axis-cylinder, s., medullary, 
the myelin-sheath surrounding the axis-cylinder, s., 
myelin, medullary sheath and neurilemma, s., nerve. 
See perineurium, s., Neumann's. See s., dentinal. 
s., neural. See s., medullary, s., perivascular. See 
s., capillary, s. of the optic nerve. See s., dural. s., 
pial, the extension of the pia which closely invests 
the surface of the optic nerve. See pia. s., primi- 
tive. See neurilemma, s. of rectus, that formed by 
the aponeurosis of the external and internal oblique 
muscles and the transversalis. s., root. See root 
sheath. s. of Schwann. See neurilemma. s., 
Schwalbe's, the delicate sheath which covers elastic 
fibers, s., synovial, a synovial membrane which lines 
the cavity attached to a bone and through which a 
tendon glides, s., tangential, the fibro-cellular sheath 
surrounding the carotids. 

shed. To throw off. 

shedding (shed' -ing). Throwing off. s. teeth, the 



teeth of the first dentition; the term is also applied to 
the loss of the first or temporary set of teeth. 

sheep-pox. A contagious pustular disease of sheep 
similar to cow-pox. 

sheet (shet). A large piece of linen or cotton used 
as bed-clothing, s.-bath. See bath, s., draw, a sheet 
so folded as to be placed, or removed, from beneath 
the patient with the least inconvenience. 

Sheldon's method of hemostasis in disarticulation 
of the hip-joint. Consists in a preliminary disartic- 
ulation of the head of the femur, followed by the 
introduction of the artery forceps into the wound be- 
hind the femur and clamping of the femoral vessels. 

shellac (shel'-ak).. See lac. s. cement, see cement. 

shells (shelz) [ME., schelle, shell]. Tinted spec- 
tacles, for protection of the eyes. Coquilles. 

Shepherd's fracture. A fracture of the outer por- 
tion of the astragalus. 

sherbet (shur'-bet) [Pers. sharbat]. An oriental, 
cooling drink made from fruit juices and water, 
sweetened, flavored, and iced with mountain snow. 

Sherrington's law [Charles Scott Sherrington, Eng- 
lish physiologist]. The peripheral branches of the 
spinal nerve-roots— anterior and posterior — form an- 
astomoses in such a manner as to supply any given 
region of the integument with the branches of three 
roots — a middle one and the ones next above and 
below. S.'s solution, for use with the hemacytometer: 
methylene blue, 0.1 Gra.; sodium chloride, 1.2 Gm.; 
neutral potassium oxalate, 1.2 Gm.; distilled water, 
300 Cc. 

sherry wine (sher'-e). See vinum xericum. 

shield (sheld) [ME., sheeld]. 1. A protective struc- 
ture or apparatus. 2. In biology, a protective plate, 
scute, lorica, or carapace, s., antithermic, a pro- 
tective covering of the cautery to prevent destruction 
of the tissues about the field of operation, s. bone, 
the scapula, s., nipple-, a protective covering for 
sore nipples, s.-shaped, shaped like a buckler or 
shield, s., Sims', an instrument used in the appli- 
cation of wire sutures. 

Shiga's bacillus (she'-ga) [K. Shiga, Japanese bac- 
teriologist]. The bacillus dysenteries; also called the 
Shiga- Krause bacillus. 

shikimi, shikimia. See sikimin. 

shima-mushi (shi-mah-mush'-e) [Jap.]. A Japa- 
nese febrile disease supposed to be due to the bite of 
an insect. 

shimu-mushi. See shima-mushi. 

shin [AS., scina]. The sharp anterior margin of 
the tibia, s.-bone, the tibia. 

shingles (shing'-gls). Herpes zoster. 

ship-fever. Typhus fever. 

shirt-stud abscess. See abscess. 

shiver (shiv'-er) [ME., chiveren, to shiver]. A slight 
tremor or shaking of the body due to cold, etc. 

shock [Fr., shoe]. 1. A sudden grave depression of 
the system produced by operations, accidents, or 
strong emotion. It is due to a profound influence 
on the nervous system. If not fatal, it is followed by 
a stage of reaction. 2. The agent causing a general 
or local depression, as an electric shock, s., deferred, 
that curious condition in which the manifestations 
of shock, due not to severe bodily injury but to purely 
mental causes develop after the lapse of some time 
from the occurrence. This variety of shock may be 
even more profound than that produced by bodily 
injury, s., discharging, a shock produced by a dis- 
charge of electricity, s., electric, the physiological 
effect produced upon an organism by the opening or 
closing of an electric circuit in which it is included. 
s., epigastric, the result of a blow upon the epi- 
gastrium, s., erethismic, a form of shock attended 
with symptoms of excitement, s., fetal, the sensa- 
tion produced by movements of the fetus in utero. 
s. railway, the mental impression produced by a rail- 
way accident, s. secondary, or insidious, a second 
attack occurring after the first, s., sexual, shock 
caused by rape or coitus, s., torpid, shock in which 
marked depression is a prominent symptom, s., 
traumatic, shock due to traumatism. 

shoddy fever. A diseased condition caused by 
the inhalation of the dust in shoddy factories; it is 
characterized by feverishness, headache, nausea, dry- 
ness of the mouth, dyspnea, cough, and expectoration. 

shoemaker's spasm. An occupation-neurosis, an- 
alogous to writer's cramp, occurring in shoemakers. 

short circuit. One in which an electric current en- 
counters an abnormally small resistance, s.-cir- 
cuiting, a modification of Nelaton's operation for in- 



SHOT-GUN PRESCRIPTION 



801 



SICKNESS 



testinal obstruction consisting either in lateral ap- 
proximation and union or lateral implantation, s.- 
sight, s.-sightedness, myopia, s.-windedness, dysp- 
nea. 

shot-gun prescription, one with many ingredients, 
written with the expectation that some one may 
prove curative, s.-gun quarantine, the extemporized 
and unauthorized establishment of a cordon against 
a place suspected of being the seat of an epidemic of 
a communicable disease, s.-silk. See retina. 

shoulder (shol-'der) [AS., sculder]. The region 
where the arm joins the trunk, formed by the meeting 
of the clavicle and the scapula and the overlying soft 
parts, s.-blade, the scapula, s.-girdle. See girdle, 
shoulder-, s., noisy, of R. H. Sayre, a grating of the 
muscles over the scapula on moving the shoulder up 
and down, believed to be due to a snapping tendon 
between or a bursa beneath the scapula, s., slipped, 
s., splayed, a dislocated shoulder, s.-wrench, a 
sprain or dislocation of the shoulder. 

show (sho). i. A bloody discharge from the birth- 
canal prior to labor. 2. The first appearance of a 
menstrual flow. 

shower (shour) [ME., shour, shower]. A light fall 
of rain, s.-bath, see bath, s.-bath, electric, see 
bath, electric s., uric acid, a temporary increase in 
the amount of uric acid in the urine; it occurs in 
gouty patients. 

Shrapnell's membrane (shrap'-nel) [Henry Jones 
Shrapnell, English anatomist]. A small portion of 
the drum-membrane filling the notch of Rivinus. 

shreds. Patches of filmy material passed with 
the fecal discharges in some cases of enteritis and dia- 
rhea. They may be composed of false membrane, 
or actual sloughs from the intestinal mucosa, or of 
flakes of hardened mucus. 

shrivel (shriv'-l). To shrink in bulk and become 
wrinkled. 

shucks. A strong tea of corn-shucks, used as a 
remedy for chronic malaria in the southern United 
States. 

shudder (shud'-er). A convulsive but momentary 
tremor, caused usually by fright, disgust, or nervous 
shock. 

shunt. In electricity, a conductor of low resis- 
tance, joining two points in an electric current, and 
completing a path through which the current will pass. 

shuttle-bone. The scaphoid bone. 

Si. The chemical symbol of silicon. 

siagantritis (si-ag-a?i-tri'-tis) . See siagonantritis. 

siagon (si'-ag-on) [ariay&v, jaw-bone]. In biology, 
the mandible of a crustacean. 

siagonagra (si-ag-on-a'-grah) [aiayav, jaw-bone; 
ay pa, seizure]. Gouty pain in the maxilla. 

siagonantritis (si-ag-on-an-tri'-tis) [o-iay&v, the jaw- 
bone; avTpov, autrum]. Inflammation within the 
antrum of Highmore. 

sialaden (si-al' -ad-en) [aiaXov, saliva; abijv, a gland]. 
A salivary gland. 

sialadenitis (si-al-ad-en-i'-tis) [aiaXov, saliva; a8r]v, 
gland; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of a sal- 
ivary gland. 

sialadenoncus (si-al-ad-en-ong'-kus) [alaXov, sal- 
iva; aS-hv, gland; oynos, a tumor]. A tumor of a sali- 
vary gland. 

sialagogue, sialagog (si-al'-a-gog). See sialogogue. 

sialapofia (si-al-ap-o' -re-ah) [alaXov, spittle]. De- 
ficiency in the amount of saliva. 

sialemesis (si-al-em-e'-sis) [aiaXov, spittle; emesis]. 
The hysterical vomiting of saliva. 

sialic, sialine (si-al'-ik, si'-al-en) [sialon]. Having 
the nature of saliva. 

sialism, sialismus (si'-al-izm, si-al-iz' -mus) . See 
ptyalism. 

sialodochitis (si-al-o-do-ki'-tis) [alaXov, spittle; 
Sox^lov, receptacle; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation 
of the salivary ducts, s. fibrinosa, inflammation of 
a salivary duct obstructed by a fibrinous exudate. 

sialodochium (si-al -o-do'-ke-um) [alaXov, saliva; 
Soxttov, receptacle). A salivary duct. 

sialoductitis (si-al-o-duk-ti'-tis). Inflammation of 
tenson's duct. 

sialogenous (si-al-oj' -en-us) [aiaXov, spittle; yevvav, 
to produce]. Generating saliva. 

sialogogic (si-al-o-goj'-ik) [alaXov, spittle; ayuyos, 
leading. 1. A sialogogue. 2. Promoting a flow of 
saliva. 

sialogogue, sialogog (si-al'-o-gog) [alaXov, spittle; 
ayuyos, leading]. 1. Producing a flow of saliva. 2. 
A drug producing a flow of saliva. 
27 



sialoid (si'-al-oid) [crLaXov, spittle; eldos, like]. Per- 
taining to, or like saliva. 

sialolith (si'-al-o-lith) [alaXov, spittle; Xfflos, stone]. 
A salivary calculus. 

sialolithiasis (si-al-o-lith-i'-as-is) [alaXov, spittle; 
Xldos, stone]. The presence of salivary calculi. 

sialon (si'-al-on). Saliva. 

sialoncus (si-al-ong'-kus) [alaXov, spittle; 67*05, a 
tumor]. A tumor under the tongue, arising from the 
obstruction of the duct of a salivary gland by cal- 
culus or other cause. 

sialorrhea, sialorrhoea (si-al-or-e'-ah) [sialon; pola, 
a flow]. Salivation, s., pancreatic, a flow of pan- 
creatic juice. 

sialoschesis (si-al-os'-kes-is) [alaXov, spittle; o-xeo-is, 
holding]. Suppression of the secretion of saliva. 

sialosemeiology (si-al-o-se-mi-ol'-o-je) [sialon; sem- 
iology]. Diagnosis based upon examination of the 
saliva. 

sialostenosis (si-al-o-ste-no'-sis) [aiaXov, spittle; 
orkvos, narrow]. Occlusion of a salivary duct. 

sialosyrinx (si-al-o-si' -ringks) [aiaXov, saliva; avpiy£, 
tube]. 1. A salivary fistula. 2. A syringe for wash- 
ing out the salivary ducts. 3. A drainage-tube for 
the salivary ducts. 

sialozemia (si-al-o-ze' -me-ah) [alaXov, spittle; fq/ua. 
loss]. Loss of saliva; salivation. 

sibbens (sib'-enz) [Gael., subhan, raspberries]. A 
disease formerly endemic in the Scotch highlands, 
and by some identified with syphilis, by others with 
yaws. 

sibilant (sib'-il-ant) [sibilare, to hiss]. Hissing or 
whistling, as a sibilant rale. 

sibilation (sib-il-a' -shun) [sibilare, to hiss]. Pro- 
nounciatin in which the s sound predominates. 

sibilismus (sib-il-iz'-mus) [sibilare, to hiss]. 1. A 
hissing sound. 2. A sibilant rale. s. aurium, tinnitus 
aurium. 

sibilus (sib'-il-us) [sibilare, to hiss]. A sibilant 
rale. 

Sibson's aortic vestibule (sib'-sun) [Francis Sibson, 
English physician, 1814-1876]. The chamber formed 
by the left ventricle just below the aortic orifice for 
the reception of the semilunar valves during diastole. 
S.'s groove, a furrow formed in some individuals by a 
prominence of the lower border of the pectoralis 
major. S.'s notch, the inward curve of the upper 
left border of precordial dulness in acute pericardial 
effusion. 

siccant, siccative (sik'-ant, sik'-at-iv) [siccare, to 
dry]. 1. Drying; tending to make dry. 2. A drying 
agent or medicine. 

sicchasia (sik-a'-ze-ah) [ainxaiveiv, to feel disgust]. 
1. Morbid loathing of food. 2. Nausea. 3. Nausea 
of pregnancy. 

sicco (sik'-o) . Dried hematogen (q. v.) ; a black- 
brown, tasteless powder, soluble in water, indicated 
in anemia, chlorosis, etc. Dose 75-105 gr. (5-7 Gm.) 
daily; children 4 gr. (0.25 Gm.). 

siccolabile (sik-o-lab'-il) [siccus, dry; labile]. Li- 
able to be altered or destroyed by drying. 

siccostabile (sik-o-sta'-bil) [siccus, dry; stabile]. 
Not altered by drying. 

siccus (sik' -us) [L.]. Dry. 

sick (sik) [ME., sik, sick]. 1. Ill; not well. 2. 
Nauseated, or "sick at the stomach." 3. Men- 
struating, s. time, popularly used for the period of 
menstruation, s.-headache, headache with anor- 
exia, nausea, vomiting, etc. ; migraine, s.-list, a list 
of persons, especially in military or naval service, who 
are disabled by sickness, s.-report, a sick-list. s. 
room, a room occupied by one who is sick, s.-stom- 
ach, synonym of nausea, and of milk-sickness. 

Sickingia (sik-in'-je-ah) [Count v. Sickingen, of 
Vienna]. A genus of rubiaceous plants. 5. rubra, 
casca de arariba, is a species found in Brazil and Japan 
furnishes arariba bark, used in intermittent fever. It 
contains the alkaloid aribine and a red coloring-mat- 
ter. 5. viridiflora, casca de arariba branca, of Brazil, 
furnishes a bark used in malaria. 

sickle-germs (sik'-l-jermz). A falciform stage in 
the development of Coccidia. 

sickliness (sik'-le-nes) [ME., sik, sick]. Predis- 
position to easily contract disease; insalubrity of 
climate. 

sickly (sik'-le) [ME., sik, sick]. Predisposed to 
disease. Unhealthy. 

sickness (sik'-nes) [sick]. 1. The state of being 
unwell. 2. Nausea. 3- Menstruation, s., African 
horse-. See edemamycosis. s., African sleeping-. See 



SICOPIRIN 



802 



SIGN 



African lethargy, s., bleeding, hemophilia, s., Cey- 
lon, beriberi, s., country, nostalgia, s., creeping, 
chronic ergotism, s., falling, epilepsy, s., green, 
chlorosis, s., jumping, a form of choromania. See 
jumpers, s., leaguer, typhus, s., milk, a form of 
poisoning due to the ingestion of diseased milk or 
meat, s., miners'. See ankylostomiasis, s., monthly, 
the menstrual epoch, s., mountain-, a sensation of 
nausea, with impeded respiration and irregular heart's 
action due to the rarefied air of high altitudes, s., 
painted. See pinta disease, s., railway. See car-sick- 
ness, s., salt, a condition of starvation due to an- 
imals being confined on poor pastures consisting of 
dry wire grass and other inferior vegetation, s., sea-. 
See sea-sickness, s., serum. See serum disease, s., 
spotted. See pinta disease, s., sweating. See sweat- 
ing-sickness, s., theater, Paul's name for malaise 
with dyspnea and oppression followed by weak pulse 
and syncope, usually observed in women who have 
dined hurriedly and reached a crowded theater in a 
heated condition; frequently a result of eye-strain. 
See vertigo, stomachal. 

sicopirin, sicopyrin (sik-o-pi'-rin). C16H12O5. A 
glucosidal body found by Peckolt in the root-bark of 
Bowditchia virgiloides. 

Sida (si'-dah) [alSrj, a malvaceous plant]. A genus 
of plants of the order Malvacece. S. paniculata, a 
species of Peru, is an active vermifuge. Its action is 
believed to be due to the very minute but resisting 
bristles which cover its leaves. 5. rhombifolia, Queens- 
land hemp, containing a great amount of mucilage, 
is used in Australia for snake-bite, pulmonary com- 
plaints, and in making poultices. 

side (sid) [ME.]. A lateral half of the body or of 
any bilateral organ, s.-bone. 1. The hip-bone. 2. 
The diseased or disordered condition in horses which 
causes the lateral cartilages above the heels to ossify. 
3. An abnormal ossification of the lateral elastic car- 
tilage in a horse's foot, s.-chain, see receptor, s.- 
chain theory, see under lateral and under immunity. 

siderant, siderante (sid'-er-ant, sid-er-an'-te) [sid- 
erari, to be blasted or planet struck]. Character- 
ized by sudden and abrupt onset as though the result 
of malign astral influences. 

sideration (sid-er-a'-shun) [sideratio, blight pro- 
duced by the stars]. 1. Apoplexy. 2. Gangrene. 3. 
Lightning-stroke. 4. Therapeutic application of 
electric sparks. 

siderism (sid'-er-izm) [siderites, the lodestone]. 
The curative influences long supposed to be exerted 
over the body by the lodestone ; metallotherapy. 

siderodromophobia (sid-er-o-dro-mo-fo'-be-ah) [<ri- 
dripos, iron; 8p6p,os, way; <£6/3os, fear]. Morbid dread 
of traveling by railway. 

siderophilous (sid-er-off'-il-us) [<ridr)pos, iron; cpiXeiv, 
to love]. Applied to cells that show a tendency to 
take up iron, e. g., the red blood-corpuscles. 

siderophone (sid' -er-o-fon) [alSypos, iron; 4>ut>ri, a 
sound]. An electric appliance devised by Martin 
Jannson (1902) as an improvement upon Asmus' 
sideroscope for detecting the presence of small splin- 
ters of iron. 

sideroscope (sid-er-o-skop 1 ) [<rL8ripos, iron; oko-kHv, 
to examine]. An instrument for the detection of 
particles of iron or steel in the eyes. 

siderosis (sid-er-o'-sis) [al8r]pos, iron]. 1. A pig- 
mentation by a deposit of particles of iron; speci- 
fically, a chronic interstitial pneumonia caused by 
the inhalation of particles of iron. 2. A recognized 
type of lung disease (pneumokoniosis) due to the in- 
halation of metallic dust. Cf. anthracosis ; chalicosis; 
silicosis. 3. An excess of iron in the system. 

sidonal (si'-don-al). See piper azin quinate. s., 
new, quinic acid anhydride, a white, tasteless powder, 
soluble in water, used as a uric-acid solvent. Dose 
75-120 gr. (5-8 Gm.) daily, given in 4 or more 
doses. 

Siebold's operation (se'-bolt) [Eduard Caspar Jacob 
von Siebold, German surgeon, 1801-1861]. Hebot- 
omy, q. v. 

Siegle's otoscope, S.'s speculum (se'-gleh) [Emil 
Siegle, German otologist, 1833- ]. An instrument 
consisting of a glass-covered box with a conical pro- 
jection and a rubber tube attached laterally. When 
the conical projection is inserted firmly into the exter- 
nal auditory canal, and the air is compressed or rare- 
fied, the movements of the drum-membrane may be 
observed. It is also used for the purpose of render- 
ing the articulations of the ossicles mobile. 

Siemerling's nucleus (se'-mer-ling). The antero- 



ventral nucleus of the anterior group of oculomotor 
nuclei in the gray matter below the Sylvian aqueduct. 

Sieur's sign. "Signe du sou." A clear, metallic 
sound sometimes heard in cases of pleural effusion on 
percussing the chest in front with two coins and aus- 
cultating behind. 

sieve (siv). A vessel with a reticulated bottom, 
used for the separation of pulverized from coarse sub- 
stances. The gauge of the sieve is usually expressed 
in the number of meshes per square inch, s., bone, 
the ethmoid bone, s.-cells, long cells of tubular or 
prismatic form constituting an essential element in 
fibro-vascular bundles of the inner bark of exogenous 
stems. They are peculiar in the possession of cir- 
cumscribed panels, with fine perforations, which allow 
of communication between contiguous cells, s.-disc. 
See s.-plate. s.-hypha, a hypha in which sieve-plates 
occur, s.-plates, the perforated panels of sieve-cells 
occurring at the points of contact of sieve-cells, s.- 
pores, the perforation in the panels of sieve-cells, s.- 
tissue, a cellular tissue made up of thin-walled cells 
which possess areas with sieve-like markings. The 
tissue is characteristic of the phloem, s.-tubes. See 
s.-cells. s.-vessel. See s.-cells. 

sig. (sig). Abbreviation for signa, "label it," or for 
"signetur," "let it be labeled." 

Sigault's, Sigaultian Operation (se-go, se-go'-shun) 
[Jean Rene Sigault, French obstetrician]. Symphy- ' 
seotomy. 

sigh (si) [AS., sican, to sigh]. A prolonged and 
deep inspiration followed by a shorter expiration. 
Syn., suspirium. 

sighing (si'-ing) [ME., sighen," to sigh]. 1. The 
act of giving forth a sigh. 2. A deep respiration 
accompanied by sighs. 3. Characterized by sighs. 

sight (sit) [AS., siht]. The act of seeing; the spe- 
cial sense concerned in seeing, s., day-, hemeralopia. 
s., far-, s., long, hyperopia, s., night-, nyctalopia. 
s., old, presbyopia, s., short-, myopia, s., weak, 
asthenopia. 

sigillation (sij-il-a'-shun) [sigillum, a seal]. The 
mark of a cicatrix. 

sigmatism (sig'-mat-izm) [see sigmoid}. 1. De- 
fective utterance of the sound of s. 2. The too fre- 
quent use of the s sound in speech. 

sigmoid (sig' -moid) [<rlyp.a, the Greek a; el8os, like- 
ness]. 1. Shaped like the letter S. 2. Pertaining 
to the sigmoid flexure of the colon, as the sigmoid 
artery, the sigmoid mesocolon, s. catheter, one sha- 
ped like an S, for passing into the female bladder. 
s. cavities, two depressions on the head of the ulna; 
the greater is for articulation with the humerus; the 
lesser, on the outer side of the coronoid process, is 
for articulation with the radius, s. flexure, an S- 
shaped bend in the colon between the descending 
portion and the rectum, usually occupying the left 
iliac fossa, s. fossa, an S-shaped groove on the mas- 
toid process, s. gyrus, the S-shaped cerebral fold 
about and behind the cruciate fissure in carnivora. 
s. mesocolon, the fold of the peritoneum attaching 
the sigmoid flexure of the colon to the left iliac fossa, 
s. notch, see notch, s. valves, the cardiac semilunar 
valves. 

sigmoidectomy (sig-moi-dek'-to-me) [sigmoid (2); 
Uropii), excision]. Excision of a part of the sigmoid 
flexure of the colon. 

sigmoiditis (sig-moi-di'-tis) [sigmoid; tra, inflam- 
mation]. Inflammation of the sigmoid flexure of the 
colon. 

sigmoido- (sig-moi-do-) [sigmoid]. A prefix de- 
noting relation to the sigmoid flexure. 

sigmoidopexy (sig-moid' -o-peks-e) [sigmoido- ; nyfe, 
a fixing]. An operation for prolapse of the rectum by 
fixation of the sigmoid flexure. 

sigmoidoproctostomy (sig-moid-o-prok-tos'-to-me) 
[sigmoido-; proctostomy]. Anastomosis of the sig- 
moid flexure of the colon with the rectum. 

sigmoidoscope (sig-moid' -o-skop) [sigmoido-; <tko- 
vtlv, to view]. An appliance for the inspection of the 
sigmoid flexure; it differs from the proctoscope in its 
greater length and diameter. 

sigmoidoscopy (sig-moid-os'-ko-pe) [see sigmoidos- 
cope]. Visual inspection of the sigmoid flexure with 
the aid of special instruments. 

sigmoidostomy (sig-moid-os'-to-me) [sigmoido-; <tt6- 
na, mouth]. The formation of an artificial anus in 
the sigmoid flexure of the colon. 

sign (sin) [signum, a mark]. 1. A mark or evi- 
dence; in a restricted sense, a physical sign. 2. A 
conventional character used in pharmacy or other- 



SIGNA 



803 



SILVER 



wise, s., accessory, a non-pathognomonic sign, s., 
antecedent, a sign which precedes an attack of a dis- 
ease, s., assident, same as sign, accessory, s., cling. 
See Gersuny's symptom, s., coin. See bell sound, s., 
commemorative, a sign of some previous disease, s., 
echo, the involuntary repetition of the last syllable, 
word, or clause of a sentence, s.-language, the meth- 
od of intercommunication employed by deaf-mutes, 
in which ideas are communicated by means of signs. 
s., objective, one apparent to the observer, s., pal- 
moplanar. See Filipovitch's sign, s.s, physical, the 
symptoms derived from auscultation, percussion, etc. 
s., subjective, one recognized only by the patient. 

signa (sig'-nah) [sign]. Mark. In prescription- 
writing, a term placed before the physician's direc- 
tions to the patient concerning the medicine prescri- 
bed ; abbreviated to S. or Sig. 

signal (sig'-nal) [signum, a sign]. A sign, s., Marcel 
Duprez', the interruption of an electric current pro- 
duced by a tuning-fork of ioo vibrations per second. 

signaletic (sig-nal-et'-ik). Relating to signaliza- 
tion. 

signalization, signalment (sig-nal-i-za'-shun, sig'- 
nal-ment). See Bertillonage and identification. 

signarura (sig-nat-u'-rah) [L.]. i. Signature. 2. 
A characteristic mark. 3. The directions showing 
how medicines are to be taken. 

signature (sig'-nat-ur) [sign]. 1. The part of the 
prescription that is to be placed on the label. 2. A 
distinguishing character, signatures, doctrine of, 
a theory that the medicinal uses of plants or other 
objects can be determined from the signatures or 
peculiar characters. 

Signorelli's sign (sen-yor-el'-e) [Angelo Signorelli, 
Italian physician]. Pressure on the glenoid fossa, in 
front of the mastoid process, causes pain in cases of 
meningitis. 

signum (sig'-num) [L., pi., signa]. A mark, sign, 
or indication. 

siguatera {sig-wah-te'-rah) [Sp., "fish-poisoning"]. 
1. The name given by Spanish colonists to a complex 
of symptoms that resulted from eating poisonous 
fishes indigenous to certain hot countries. 2. Pois- 
oning from the ingestion of fresh food uninfected by 
bacteria, but in which the toxin is a leukomaine formed 
by the physiological activity of the tissues. 

sikimin (sik'-im-in) [sikkim, a region of the Him- 
alaya]. A poisonous principle derived from Illicium 
religiosum. 

silbamine (siV -bam-en) . Fluoride of silver, used 
for irrigating the urethra and bladder. 

silberol (siV -ber-ol) . See silver paraphenolsul- 
phonate. 

silex (si'-leks) [L.]. See silica. 

Silex's sign (si'-leks). Radial furrows about the 
mouth, and coincidently in other parts of the face; 
a pathognomonic sign of congenital syphilis. S.'s 
test for glucose in urine. Add ammonia in excess 
to a strong solution of silver nitrate; add the urine, 
and boil. In the presence of glucose a metallic silver 
mirror is deposited at the bottom of the tube. Alde- 
hyde and tartaric acid give the same reaction. 

silica (sil'-ik-ah) [silex, flint]. Silicon dioxide, 
SiOi, occurring in nature in the form of quartz, flint, 
and other minerals. 

silicate (sil'-ik-at) [silica]. A salt of silicic acid. 

silicic acid (sil-is'-ik) [silica), H4Si0 4 . A tetra- 
basic acid forming the silicates. See sodium silicate. 
_ silicide (sil'-is-id) [silex, flint]. A combination of 
silicon with another element. 

silicious, siliceous (sil-ish'-us) [silex, flint]. Hav- 
ing the nature of or containing silicon. 

silicium (sil-ish'-e-um). See silicon. 

silicofluoride (sil-ik-o-fiu'-o-rid). A compound of 
silicon and fluorine with some other element. 

silicol (sil'-ik-ol) [silex, flint]. An alcohol from a 
silicon or silicon-carbon radical. 

silicon (sil'-ik-on) [silica], A nonmetallic element 
occurring widely distributed in nature as silica, Si02, 
and in the form of silicates. Atomic weight 28.3; 
symbol Si; valence iv. It resembles carbon in its 
chemical behavior, s. carbide, a compound prepared 
by heating in an electric furnace silica and carbon in 
the presence of salt. Next to the diamond it is the 
hardest substance known. The pure salt forms col- 
orless, transparent laminae of diamond-like luster. 
Its specific gravity is 3.22 and its index of hardness 
9.5- s. tetracetate, Si(0. C2H 3 0)4, aceto-orthosilicic 
anhydrid, a substance occurring in prismatic crystals. 

silicosis (sil-ik-o'-sis) [silica]. A deposit of par- 



ticles of silica in the tissues; specifically, a chronic 
fibroid condition of the lung or the bronchial lym- 
phatic glands, produced by the inhalation of par- 
ticles of silica. 

siliqua (sil-ik'-wah) [siliqua, a husk or pod; pi., 
siliqua]. Same as silique. s. olivse, s. olivae ex- 
terna, the nerve-fibers encircling the olive, s. olivae 
interna, dentoliva. 

silique (sil-ek') [siliqua, a husk or pod]. In biology, 
the slender, two-valved capsule of some Cruciferce. 

siliquose (sil'-ik-wos). Resembling a silique. s. 
cataract, see cataract. 

silk [ME.]. The simplest and most perfect of the 
textile fibers. It differs from all other fibers in that 
it is found in nature as a continuous fine thread. Silk 
is the product of the silkworm (Bombyx mori), and is 
simply the fiber that the worm spins around itself 
for protection when entering the pupa or cyrysalis 
state. The silk-fiber consists, to the extent of rather 
more than half its weight, of fibroin, C15H23N5O6, a 
nitrogenous principle. Covering this is the silk-glue, 
or sericin, C15H25N5O8. The most important physical 
properties of the silk-fiber are its luster, strength, and 
avidity for moisture. Besides the true silk, we have 
several socalled "wild silks," the most important of 
which is the tusser silk, the product of the larva of 
the moth, Anthercea mylitta, found in India. The 
cocoons are much larger than those of the true silk- 
worm, are egg-shaped, and of a silvery drab color. 
The cocoon is very firm and hard, and the silk is of a 
drab color. It is used for the buff-colored Indian 
silks, and latterly largely in the manufacture of silk 
plush. Other wild silks are the eria silk of India, the 
muga silk of Assam, the atlas or fagara silk of China, 
and the yama-mai silk of Japan. Silk has been used 
as a hemostatic, s., epispastic, silk containing some 
vesicant, s. floss, dentists', untwisted filaments of 
fine silk prepared expressly for the purpose of clean- 
ing the surfaces of the teeth, and used by some den- 
tists for finishing the surfaces of fillings in the sides of 
teeth, s. gelatin, a glutinous mass formed by boiling 
certain kinds of raw silk in water. It is used in bac- 
teriology as a culture-medium for the majority of 
bacilli of water and air. s. -grass, pineapple fiber. 
s., saddler's, a heavy silk used by saddlers and to 
some extent in surgery, s., Tait's, cable twist; it 
differs from ordinary silk in containing the gums or 
animal matter imparted by the worm in the spinning 
process. 

silkworm-gut. The thread drawn from the silk- 
worm killed when ready to spin the cocoon. 

sillonneur (sil-on-ur') [Fr.]. A three-bladed scalpel 
used by ophthalmologists. 

silphologic (sil-fol-oj'-ik) [<Ti\<t>v, an insect; \6yos T 
science]. Larval. 

silphology (sil-fol'-o-je) [aCKfo, an insect; \6yos r 
science]. The morphology and development of larvae, 

silver. See argentum. s. arsenite, AgsAsCh, air 
alterative and antiseptic; used in skin diseases. Dose 
ihs-ik gr. (0.0006-0.001 1 Gm.). s.-casein, a fine 
white powder, soluble in hot water, obtained from 
sodium casein by action of silver nitrate and al- 
cohol. It is used in gonorrhea in 2 to 10% solutions, 
s. chloride, AgCl, a white powder, soluble in ammon- 
ium, potassium thiosulphate, or potassium cyanide. 
It is used as an antiseptic and a nerve-sedative. Dose 
i-f-15 gr. (0.02-0.05-0. 1 G-m.). Syn., horn-silver; 
Luna cornea, s. citrate, AgsCsHsOr, a fine dry pow- 
der soluble in 3800 parts of water, used as a surgical 
antiseptic and disinfectant. Application 1 to 2% 
ointment or 1 : 4000 solution. Syn., itrol. s., col- 
loidal, a form of metallic silver consisting of heavy 
greenish-black particles of metallic luster which, when 
triturated with water, form a greenish-black fluid. It 
is used in the treatment of septic diseases, applied in 
the form of an ointment. Syn., argentum colloidale; 
argentum Crede; collargol. s. cyanide. See argenti 
cyanidum under argentum. s. fluoride, AgFl, a brown, 
glassy, elastic solid, very soluble in water, discovered 
by Paternoin 1901. It is used as an antiseptic. Syn. 
tachiol. s.-fork deformity, a peculiar deformitv of the 
wrist and hand in Colles' fracture, resembling the 
curve on the back of a fork. s. gelatose, aibargin. 
s. ichthyolate, see ichthargan. s. iodide, see argenti 
iodidum under argentum. s. lactate, AgC 3 H 5 03 + 
H2O, a white, soluble powder, recommended as a 
surgical antiseptic. Injection in erysipelas 5 gr. 
(0.3 Gm.) to 3 T 3 ff oz. (100 Co), of water; as a 
wash, 1 teaspoonful of solution 1 : 50 in a 
glass of water. Syn., actol. s. nitrate, see argenti 



SILVESTER'S METHOD 



804 



SINISTROCARDIAL 



nitras under argentum. s. nucleate, s. nucleide, see 
nargol. s. oxide, see argenti oxidum under argentum. 
s. paraphenol-sulphonate, an external antiseptic. 
Syn., silberol. s. and potassium cyanide, AgK(CN)2, 
very poisonous white crystals, soluble in 4 parts of 
water at 20 C. or 25 parts of 85% alcohol. It is 
antiseptic and bactericide. One part in 50,000 de- 
stroys anthrax bacilli, s.-protalbin, see largin. s. 
sulphocarbolate, s. sulphophenate, a fine, crystalline 
powder containing about 28% of metallic silver; it is 
a noncorrosive antiseptic, used in eye diseases and 
wounds, s. test for glucose in urine, add ammonia 
in excess to a strong solution of silver nitrate; add the 
urine and boil. In the presence of glucose a metallic 
silver mirror is deposited at the bottom of the tube. 
Aldehyde and tartaric acid give the same reaction, s. 
thiohydrocarburosulphonate, see ichthargan. s. tri- 
nitrophenolate, a compound containing 30% of silver, 
used as an antiseptic on inflamed mucous surfaces. 
Syn., picratol. s. vitellin. see argyrol. 

Silvester's method of artificial respiration (sil-ves'- 
ter) [Henry Robert Silvester, English physician, 1828- 
1908]. It consists chiefly of movements of the arms; 
this method is valueless in asphyxia neonatorum, ow- 
ing to nondevelopment of the pectoral muscles. 

Simaba (sim-a'-bah) [native name in Guiana]. A 
genus of simarubaceous tropical trees. The seeds 
of S. cedron are antiperiodic and tonic. Dose of 
fluidextract 1-8 min. (0.06-0.5 Cc). It contains, 
according to Tanret, the alkaloid cedronine and also 
cedritt. The bark also has tonic and febrifuge prop- 
erties. 

Simaruba (sim-ar-oo'-bah). A genus of trees of the 
order Simarubacece. The bark of the root of 5. offi- 
cinalis has been used as a simple bitter. 

similia similibus curantur, doctrine of. A sophism 
formulated by Hippocrates, later by Paracelsus 
("simile similis cura, non contrarium"), and later, as 
one of the results of the reaction against the heroic 
measures of venesection and drastic medication, by 
Samuel Christian Friedrich Hahnemann, the founder 
of homeopathy, whose doctrine that like is to be cured 
by like led naturally to the practice of isopathy (q. v.), 
according to which smallpox is to be treated by var- 
iolous pus, tapeworm by ingestion of proglottides, etc. 

similimum (sim-il'-im-um) [L., "most like"]. 
The homeopathic remedy which will produce the 
symptom complex "most like" that of a given disease. 

Simon's operation. 1. Perineorraphy. 2. Colpo- 
cleisis. S.'s posture, the dorsal posture with the 
legs and thighs flexed, the hips elevated, and the 
thighs abducted. S.'s symptom, immobility or 
retraction of the umbilicus during inspiration, 
sometimes seen in tuberculous meningitis. S.'s 
triangles, two roughly triangular areas covering — 
(1) the lower portion of the abdomen, the inner 
surface of the thigh to a point 10 to 12 centimeters 
below the pubes, and the inguinal region as far 
outward as the trochanter (abdominocrural or 
femoral triangle); and (2) the axillary and pectoral 
regions : and the inner surface of the arm (brachial 
triangle). They are frequently the seat of petechial 
or petechio-ery thematous rashes during the first three 
days of smallpox. 

Simon's symptom-complex (se'-mon). In primary 
cancer of the female breast, metastasis may involve 
the hypophysis and produce polyuria. 

Simonart's bands, S.'s threads (se-mo-nar') [Pierre 
Joseph Cecilien Simonart, Belgian obstetrician, 
1 817-1847]. Amniotic bands formed by drawn- 
out adhesions between the fetus and the amnion 
where the cavity has become distended through the 
accumulation of fluid. 

Simonelli's test for renal inadequacy (se-mo-nel'-le) 
[Francesco Simonelli, Italian physician]. If the 
kidneys are healthy, iodine administered appears 
at the same time in the urine and the saliva. 

simple (sim'-pl) [simplex, simple]. 1. Not com- 
plex; consisting of but "one substance, or containing 
only one active substance; not compound. 2. Want- 
ing in intellect. 3. A medicinal plant. See simples. 

simpler, simplist (sim'-pler, sim'-plist). A herb- 
doctor. 

simples (sim'-plz) [simple]. A term for herbs 
having a medicinal value. 

Simpson's plug or splint [William Kelly Simpson, 
American laryngologist, 1855-1914]- A tampon or 
splint, cut to fit the nares, and inserted to stop 
epistaxis or to retain the parts in apposition after 
operation on the nasal septum. 



Sims' depressor [James Marion Sims, American 
gynecologist, 1813-1883]. An instrument for de- 
pressing the anterior vaginal wall. S.'s posture, 
the semiprone position for vaginal operations. 
The patient lies on the left side with the right knee 
and thigh drawn up and the left arm placed along 
the back; the chest is inclined forward so that the 
patient rests upon it. S.'s speculum, the duckbill 
vaginal speculum. 

simul (si'-mul) [L.]. At once; at the same time. 

simulation (sim-u-la'-shun) [simulatio; simulare, 
to feign]. In medicine, the feigning or counter- 
feiting of disease. The pretence of a malingerer. 

simulium reptans (sim-u'-le-um). A biting insect 
believed to convey the infective agent of pellagra. 

simulo (sim'-u-lo). The fruit of certain species of 
Capparis, especially C. coriacea, of Peru; it is recom- 
mended as a cure for epilepsy, and possesses anti- 
scorbutic and stimulant properties. Dose of the 
tincture 5 i-iij; of the fluidextract 3 ss-iij. 

sinal (si'-nal). Relating to or situated within a 
sinus. 

sinalbin (sin-al'-bin). A white crystalline sub- 
stance, found in mustard, q. v. 

sinamine (sin'-am-en), C3H5CN. Allyl cyanamide, 
a substance obtained from crude oil of mustard. 

sinapeleum (sin-ap-el'-e-um) [alvain, mustard; 
Zkawv, oil]. Mustard-oil. 

sinapin (sin'-ap-in) [alvain, mustard], C16N23OS. 
A substance occurring as a sulphocyanate in white 
mustard. 

sinapis (sin-a'-pis). Mustard. , See mustard. 

sinapiscopy (sin-ap-is'-ko-pe) [aivawi, mustard; 
anoireiv, to view]. The use of mustard as a test of 
sensory disturbances, analogous to a similar use of 
metalloscopy. 

sinapism (sin'-ap-izm) [sinapis]. A mustard- 
plaster. 

sinapized (sin'-ap-izd) [sinapis]. Containing 
mustard. 

sinapol (sin'-ap-ol). A mixture recommended as 
an application for neuralgia, rheumatism, etc., said 
to consist of spirit of rosemary (1 : 15), 780 Gm.; 
castor-oil, 120 Gm.; menthol, 30 Gm.; essence of 
mustard, 30 Gm.; aconitine, 0.4 Gm. 

sinapolin (sin-ap'-ol-in). Diallylurea, a substance 
obtained from mustard oil by heating with water 
and lead oxide. 

sincalin (sing'-ka-lin). A base found in mustard 
and identified with cholin. 

sincipital {sin-sip' -it-al) [sinciput]. Pertaining to 
the sinciput. 

sinciput (sin'-sip-ut) [semi, half; caput, head]. 
The superior and anterior part of the head. Also, 
the top of the head ; the bregma. 

sinew (sin'-u). A tendon (q. v.). 

singers' nodes or nodules. Chorditis nodosa or 
tuberosa, q. v. 

singult (sin'-gult) [singultus, a sobbing]. A sob. 

singultation (sin-gul-ta'-shun) [singultus, hiccup]. 
Hiccupping. 

singultient (sin-gul' -she-ent) . Sobbing; sighing. 

singultous (sin-gult'-us). Relating to or affected 
with hiccup. 

singultus (sin-gul'-tus). See hiccup. 

sinigrin (sin'-ig-rin). A glucoside found in black 
mustard. 

sinister, sinistra, sinistrum [L.]. Left. 

sinistrad (sin'-is-trad) [sinister, left; ad, toward]. 
Toward the left. 

sinistral (sin'-is-tral) [sinister]. 1. On the left side. 
2. Showing preference for the left hand, eye, foot, 
etc., for certain acts or functions. 

sinistrality (sin-is-tral'-it-e) [sinister]. The prefer- 
ence generally for the left hand, eye, foot, etc., in 
performing certain acts. 

sinistration (sin-is-tra'-shun). 1. A turning to the 
left. 2. Sinistrality. 

sinistraural (sin-is-traw'-ral) [sinister; auris, ear]. 
Left-eared; the reverse is dextr aural. 

sinistren (sin'-is-tren) [sinister, left]. Belonging 
to the sinistral side in itself. 

sinistrin (sin' -is-trin) [sinister]. A substance re- 
sembling dextrin, found in squill, s., animal. See 
under helicoprotein. 

sinistro- (sin-is-tro-) [sinister, left]. A prefix 
meaning left or toward the left side. 

sinistrocardial (sin-is-tro-kar'-de-al) [sinistro-; nap- 
Ma, heart]. Having the heart to the left of the 
median line; the reverse is dextr ocar dial. 



SINISTROCEREBRAL 



805 



SIROLIN 



sinistrocerebral (sin-is-tro-ser'-e-bral) . i. Located 
in the left cerebral hemisphere. 2. Functionating 
preferentially with the left side of the brain; the 
reverse is dextrocerebral. 

sinistrocular {sin-is-trok' -u-lar) . Left-eyed; the 
reverse is dextt ocular. 

sinistrogyric (sin-is-tro-ji'-rik). See sinistrorse. 

sinistrohepatal (sin-is-tro-hep'-at-al) [sinistro-; 
fjirap, liver]. Having the liver to the left of the 
median line; the reverse is dextrohepatal. 

sinistromanual (sin-is-tro-man'-u-al) [sinistro- ; 
manus, hand]. Left-handed; the reverse is dextro- 
manual. 

sinistropedal (sin-is-trop'-ed-al) [sinistro-; pes, 
foot]. Left -footed; the reverse is dextropedal. 

sinistrophoria {sin-is-tro-fo' -re-ah) . See levophoria. 

sinistrorse (sin'-is-trors) [sinistro-; verier e, to 
turn]. In biology, turning from right to left. 

sinistrose (sin'-is-tros). A levorotatory sugar; 
levulose. 

sinistrosplenic (sin-is-tro-splen'-ik). Having the 
spleen to the left of the median line; the reverse is 
dextrosplenic. 

sinistrotorsion (sin-is-tro-tor'-shun) [sinistro-; tor- 
quere, to turn]. A twisting or turning toward the 
left; the reverse is dextrotorsion. 

sinistrous (sin'-is-trus). Awkward; unskilled; 
the reverse is dextrous, skilled, expert. 

sinkaline, sinkoline {sink'-al-en, sink' -ol-en) . An 
alkaloid found in mustard, identical with choline, 
q. v. 

sinual (sin'-u-al) [sinus, a curve]. Possessing the 
characteristics of a sinus. 

sinuation (sin-u-a'-shun) [sinuatus, from sinuare, 
to bend]. 1. The state of being sinuate or sinuous. 
2. A cerebral gyre. 

sinuatrial. Same as sinuauricular. 

sinuauricular isi-nu-aw-rik' -u-lar) [sinus; auricula, 
auricle]. Pertaining ' to the sinus venosus and the 
right auricle of the heart. 

sinuitis. See sinusitis. 

sinuose (sin'-u-os). Same as sinuous. 

sinuosity {sin-u-os' -it-e) [sinuare, to bend]. An- 
fractuosity; the state of being sinuous or bent. 

sinuous (sin'-u-us) [sinuosus; sinus, a curve]. 
Wavy; applied especially to tortuous fistulae and 
sinuses. 

sinus (si'-nus) [L., "a gulf or hollow"]. 1. A 
hollow or cavity; a recess or pocket. 2. The space 
between the breasts. 3. A large channel containing 
blood, especially one containing venous blood. 
4. A suppurating tract. 5- A cavity within a bone. 
sinuses, accessory, of the nose, the maxillary, frontal, 
ethmoid, and sphenoid sinuses, s., air-, a cavity 
within bones containing air, especially one com- 
municating with the nasal passages, s. alae parvae, 
the sphenoparietal sinus situated along the posterior 
border of the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone. 
s., aortic, one of the pouch-like dilatations of the aorta 
opposite the segments of the semilunar valves. 
s., cavernous, a large venous sinus extending 
from the sphenoidal fissure to the apex of the 
petrous portion of the temporal bone, communi- 
cating behind with the inferior and superior 
petrosal sinuses and receiving the ophthalmic vein 
in front, s., circular, a venous sinus surrounding 
the pituitary body, and communicating on each side 
with the cavernous sinus, s. circularis iridis. See 
Schlemm's canal, s., common, of the vestibule. 
See utricle (1). s., coronary (of the heart), a large 
venous sinus in the transverse groove between the 
left auricle and left ventricle of the heart, s. ensi- 
formis, the sinus of Eternod, a vascular loop connect- 
ing the vessels of the chorion with the vessels on the 
under aspect of the yolk-sac. s., ethmoid, the 
ethmoid cells, s., frontal, one of the two irregular 
cavities in the frontal bone containing air and 
communicating with the nose by the infundibulum. 
s. of the heart, the chief cavity of either of the 
auricles, s., inferior longitudinal, a venous sinus 
which extends along the posterior half of the lower 
border of the falx cerebri and terminates in the 
straight sinus, s., inferior petrosal, a large venous 
sinus arising from the cavernous sinus running along 
the lower margin of the petrous portion of the 
temporal bone, and joining the lateral sinus to form 
the internal jugular vein. s. intercavernosus, 
anterior and posterior, sinuses extending across 
the hypophyseal fossa and connecting the cavernous 
sinuses of both sides, s. of kidney, the prolongation 



inward of the hilum of the kidney, s. of the larnyx, 
the ventricle of the larynx, s., lateral, a venous 
sinus which begins at the torcular Herophili and runs 
horizontally on the inner surface of the occipital 
bone to the base of the petrous portion of the tem- 
poral bone, where it unites with the inferior petrosal 
sinus to form the internal jugular vein, s., lymph, 
spaces in the parenchyma of a lymphatic gland 
between the pulp of the gland and the dilatations 
of lymphatic vessels, sinuses, mastoid, the mastoid 
cells, s., maxillary, the antrum of Highmore. 
s., occipital, a small venous sinus in the attached 
margin of the falx cerebelli, opening into the torcular 
Herophili. s., petrosquamosal. See petrosquamosal 
sinus, s.-phlebitis, inflammation of one of the sinuses 
of the cranial cavity, s., placental, slanting venous 
channels issuing from the placenta at its uterine 
surface by piercing the decidua serotina. s. pocularis, 
a large lacuna in the center of the prostatic portion 
of the urethra, sinuses, precaval. See ducts of 
Cuvier. s., precervical, a recess between the lower- 
most branchial arch and the trunk of the embryo. 
s., prostatic, a fossa on each side of the verumon- 
tanum. s. rectus. Same as 5-. straight, s., rhom- 
boid, s. rhomboideus, the fourth ventricle of the brain, 
s., sagittal. See s., inferior and superior longitudinal. 
s., sphenoid, the air-space in the body of the sphenoid 
bone, communicating with the nasal cavity, s., 
sphenoparietal. Same as 5. alee parvce. s., squamo- 
sopetrosal. See petrosquamosal sinus, s., straight, 
a venous sinus running from the inferior longitudinal 
sinus along the junction of the falx cerebri and ten- 
torium to the lateral sinus, s., superior longitudinal, 
a venous sinus which runs along the upper edge of 
the falx cerebri, beginning in front of the crista galli 
and terminating at the torcular Herophili. s., 
superior petrosal, a venous sinus running in a groove 
in the petrous portion of the temporal bone, extending 
from the posterior part of the cavernous sinus to the 
lateral sinus, s., terminal, s. terminalis, a vein that 
encircles the vascular area of the blastoderm, and 
empties either by one trunk, the anterior vitelline 
vein, into the left vitelline vein, or by two trunks 
into both vitelline veins, s. -thrombosis, throm- 
bosis of the sinuses of the dura mater of the brain. 
It is usually septic in character, and is likely to lead 
to pyemia. The most frequent cause is disease of 
the middle ear. s., transverse, a sinus uniting the 
inferior petrosal sinuses, s., urogenital, the canal 
or duct into which, in the embryo, the Wolffian ducts 
and the bladder empty, and which opens into the 
cloaca, s. venosus. 1. The chamber of the lower 
vertebrate heart into which empty the veins returning 
the blood from the body. 2. The vessel in the sep- 
tum transversum of the embryonic mammalian heart 
into which open the vitelline", and allantoic veins, 
and the ducts of Cuvier. 3- That portion of the 
adult right auricle back of the crista terminalis. _ 

sinusitis (si-nus-i'-tis). Inflammation of a sinus. 
s., serous, s., chronic catarrhal. See mucocele. 

sinusoid (si'-nus-oid) [sinus; eidos, likeness]. 
1. Resembling a sinus. 2. One of the relatively 
large spaces or tubes constituting the embryonic 
circulatory system in the suprarenal gland, liver, and 
other viscera. 

sinusoidal (si-nus-oid'-al). Pertaining to or 
derived from a sinusoid, s. current, an alternating 
induced electrical current with equal current strokes. 

sinusoidalization {sin-us-oi-dal-i-za' -shun) . The 
application of a sinusoidal current. 

sionagra (si-on-a'-grah) [aiay&v, the jaw-bone; 
aypa, a seizure]. Gout in the jaw-bone. 

siphon (si'-fon) [atyuv, a tube]. A tube bent at 
an angle, one arm of which is longer than the other, 
for the purpose of removing liquids from a cavity or 
vessel. 

siphonage (si'-fon-aj) [ai<f>uv, a siphon]. The 
action of a siphon, such as in washing out the stomach, 
in drainage of wounds, or in house-plumbing. 

siphonoma (si-fon-o'-mah) [siphon; 6fia, tumor]. 
A tumor composed of fine tubes. Syn., Henle's 
tubular tumor. 

siren (si'-ren). Same as sirenomelus. 

sirenomelus (si-ren-om'-el-us) [aeiprjv, mermaid; 
lik\os, a limb]. A form of monster in which the 
lower extremities are intimately fused, the feet being 
absent. 

siriasis (sir-i'-as-is). Sunstroke. 

sirolin (sir'-ol-in). Thiocol, 10 %, in a syrup of 
orange bark. It is used in tuberculosis, bronchitis, 



SIRUP 



806 



SKIN 



and intestinal catarrh. Dose 3 or 4 teaspoonfuls 
(15720 Cc.) daily. 

sirup {sir' -up). See syrup. 

Sisymbrium (sis-im'-bre-um) [o-iovpfipiov, from 
avs, a pig; opfiptos, rainy, wet; a plant growing in 
wet places where swine wallowed]. A genus of 
cruciferous plants. 5. officinale, wild mustard, 
singer's herb, is a European species, laxative, diuretic, 
and expectorant, and is employed in laryngeal ca- 
tarrh and laryngitis. Dose 3 cupfuls a day of a 
decoction of 30 Gm. of the leaves, sweetened with 
60 Gm. of a syrup of the drug made in the usual way. 

site (sit) [situs, place]. Situation, s., placental, 
the area to which the placenta is attached. 

sitfast. In farriery, a piece of dead tissue in the 
skin which would be thrown off but that it has 
formed firm connections with the fibrous skin be- 
neath, or with the deeper tissues, and is thus bound 
in its place as a persistent source of irritation. 

sitieirgia (sit-e-ir'-je-ah) [o-ltIov, food; eipyeue, to shut 
out]. Sollier's term for hysterical anorexia. 

sitiology (si-te-oV -o-je) . See sitology. 

sitiomania (sit-e-o-ma'-ne-ah) . See sitomania. 

sitiophobia (sit-e-o-fo' -be-ah) . See sitophobia. 

sitogen (si'-to-jen). A vegetable food-product 
intended to replace meat-extracts. 

sitology (si-tol'-o-je) [<jltl6v, nourishment; ~K6yos, 
a treatise]. The science of nourishment or dietetics. 

sitomania (si-to-ma'-ne-ah) [alros, food; pavla, 
madness]. 1. A periodic craving for food; periodic 
bulimia. 2. Sitophobia. 

sitophobia (si-to-fo' -be-ah) [alros, food; </>6j8os, 
fear]. Morbid aversion to food. 

sitotoxicon (si-to-toks' -ik-on) [o-Ltos, food; to^ikov, 
poison]. The active poisonous agent in sitotoxism; 
all sitotoxicons are not of bacterial origin. 

sitotoxin (si-to-toks' -in) [see sitotoxicon]. Any 
basic poison generated in vegetable food by growth 
of bacteria or fungi. 

sitotoxism (si-to-toks' -izm) [see sitotoxicon]. Poison- 
ing with vegetable food infected with molds and 
bacteria. 

situs (si'-tus) [L., "site"]. A position, s. per- 
versus, malposition of one or more of the viscera. 
s. transversus. Same as s. inversus, s. viscerum 
inversus, an anomaly in which the viscera of the 
body are changed from the normal to the opposite 
side of the body. 

sitz-bath (sits' -bath) [Ger., Sitz, a seat; bath]. A 
hip-bath ; a bath taken in a sitting posture. 

six hundred and six. See salvarsan. 

sixth nerve. The abducens nerve. See nerves, 
table of. 

Sjoeqvist's test for the quantitative estimation 
of free HC1 in the gastric juice (syo'-kvist) [John 
August Sjoeqvist, Swedish physician, 1863- ]. 
It depends upon the action of barium carbonate on 
the acid of the secretion, the hydrochloric acid being 
estimated as barium chloride by means of titration 
with a solution of potassium dichromate. 

skatol (skat'-ol) [aaaros, gen. of o-kup, dung], 
C9H9N, methyl indol; it is a nitrogenous compound 
produced by the decomposition of proteids in the 
intestinal canal. 

skatophagia (skat-o-fa' -je-ah) . See scatophagia. 

skatoxyl (skat-oks'-il) [o-Kibp (<tkclt-), dung; 6|uj, 
acid]. A product of the oxidation of skatol. It is 
obtained from the urine in cases of disease of the 
large intestine. 

Skeer's sign. A yellowish-brown ring near the 
pupillary margin of the iris, observed in the early 
stage of some cases of tuberculous meningitis. 

skein (skan) [ME., skeyne, skein]. 1. A fixed 
length of any thread or yarn of silk or other material, 
doubled again and again and knotted. 2. A syno- 
nym of spirem. s., close. See spirem. s., loose, 
the thickened chromatin fibrils resulting from a 
loosening of the spirem or close skein in mitotic 
cell-division, skeins, test. See Holmgren's test. 

skeletal (skeV -et-al) [skeleton]. Pertaining to or 
connected with the skeleton or supporting structure 
of a body, s.-muscle, a muscle attached to the 
skeleton, s.-tissue, the tissue of the framework of 
the body. 

skeletins (skeV -et-inz) [skeleton]. A name given 
to a number of insoluble epithelial products found 
chiefly in invertebrates. 

skeletization (skel-et-i-za' -shun) [skeleton]. 1. The 
process of converting into a skeleton; gradual wasting 
of the soft parts, leaving only the skeleton. 



skeleto- (skel-et-o-) [skeleton]. A prefix meaning 
relating to the skeleton. 

skeletogenous (skel-et-oj'-en-us) [skeleto-; yevvav, 
to produce]. Producing a skeleton or skeletal tissues. 

skeletography (skel-et-og'-ra-fe) [skeleto-; ypafaiv, 
to write]. A description of the skeleton. 

skeletology (skel-et-ol'-o-je) [skeleto-; \6yos, science]. 
The branch of anatomy treating of the skeleton. 

skeleton (skel'-et-on) [aKeherbv, a dried body, from 
aiceXXeip, to dry up]. A supporting structure, especi- 
ally the bony framework (osseous skeleton) supporting 
and protecting the soft parts of an organism, s., 
appendicular, the skeleton of the limbs, s., axial, 
the skeleton of the head and trunk, s., cartilaginous, 
the cartilaginous structure from which the bony 
skeleton is formed through ossification. 

skeletonize (skel'-e-ton-iz). To reduce to a skele- 
ton. 

sfceletopy (skel-et'-op-e): See skeletotopy. 

skeletotopic (skel-et-o-top'-ik). Applied by Wal- 
deyer to such topographic description as refers a 
part or organ to its relation to the skeleton. 

skeletotopy (skel-et-ot'-o-pe) [skeleto-; toitos, a 
place]. Waldeyer's term for the relation of an 
organ or part to the osseous skeleton of the whole 
organism. Cf. holotopy; idiotopy; syntopy. 

Skene's glands (sken) [Alexander Johnston Chal- 
mers Skene, American gynecologist, 1838-1900]. 
Two complex tubular glands in the mucosa of the 
female urethra opening by small ducts just within 
the meatus urinarius. 

skerljivo. See scherlievo. , 

skew muscles. Triangular-shaped or quadri- 
lateral shaped muscles, the plane of whose line of 
origin intersects that of the insertion. 

skiagram (ski'-ag-ram) [aula, shadow; ypap.ua, 
a writing]. The finished, printed Roentgen-ray 
picture. Syn., inductogram ; shadowgram. 

skiagraph (ski'-ag-raf). See skiagram. 

skiagrapher (ski-ag'-raf-er). An adept in ski- 
agraphy. 

skiagraphy (ski-ag'-ra-fe) [aria, shadow; ypafaiv, 
to write]. Photography by the Roentgen-rays; 
skotography, skiography, radiography, electro- 
graphy, electroskiography, Roentography, and the 
new photography are names that have been used to 
designate the method. 

skiameter (ski-am' -et-er) [aula, shadow; per pop, 
a measure]. An apparatus devised by Biesalski 
for measuring the intensity of the Roentgen-rays 
and for the recognition of fine differences in the 
density of Roentgen-ray shadows. 

skiametry (ski-am' -et-re). Shadow mensuration 
applied to a method of determining the density of 
Roentgen-ray shadows. 

skiaporescopy (ski-ap-or-es'-ko-pe). See retinos- 
copy^ 

skiascope (ski'-as-kop) [o-icia, shadow; o-Koirelv, 
to view]. An instrument employed in retinoscopy. 
s.-optometer, an optometer designed for the deter- 
mination of the refraction of the eye by retinoscopy. 

skiascopy, skiascopia (ski-as' -ko-pe, ski-as-ko'- 
pe-ah). 1. See retinoscopy. 2. Examination by 
either skiagraph or fluoroscope. 

skiatherapy (ski-ah-ther'-ap-e) [aria, shadow; 
OepaireLa, therapy]. The therapeutic application of 
Roentgen-rays. 

skimmetin (skim'-et-in), C9H6O3. A dissociation 
product of skimmin by action of dilute mineral acid 
with heat; it is perhaps identical with umbelliferone. 

Skimmia (skim'-e-ah) [mijama-skimmi, Japanese 
name]. A genus of the Rutacece. S. japonica is a 
species of Japan; the flowers are used to flavor tea; 
the leaves contain an ethereal oil; the bark contains 
the glucoside skimmin. 

Skimmin (skim' -in), CisHieOg. A glucoside similar 
to scopolein and esculin isolated from the bark of 
Skimmia japonica, occurring in long, colorless 
needles, soluble in hot water, alcohol, or alkalies, 
insoluble in chloroform or ether; melts at 210 C. 

skin [ME.]. The protective covering of the body, 
composed of the epidermis, scarf-skin, or cuticle, 
and the corium, or true skin. The epidermis con- 
sists of a deep layer, the stratum Malpighii, and three 
superficial layers — the stratum granulosum, the 
stratum lucidum, and the stratum corneum. The 
corium, derma, or true skin consists of a papillary 
and reticular layer (stratum papillare and stratum 
reticulare), the former projecting upward in the 
form of papillae. The true skin is made up of elastic 



SKINNY 



807 



SMEGMATIC 



tissue, white fibrous tissue, and nonstriped muscular 
tissue (the arrectores pili). The subcutaneous tissue 
consists of fibroelastic and adipose tissue. The 
appendages of the skin are the nails, hairs, and sweat- 
and sebaceous glands, which are derivatives of the 
epithelial layer of the skin. In the skin are also 
placed terminal nerve-organs subserving the sense 
of touch, s., atrophy of the, a wasting-away or 
retrogressive change in the skin. Syn., dermata- 
trophia. s.-bound. See scleroderma, s.-bound dis- 
ease. See scleroderma neonatorum. s., bronzed. 
See Addison's disease, s., congestion of the, engorge- 
ment of the blood-vessels of the skin. Syn., derma- 
themia. s., edema of the, effusion of serum into the 
areolar tissue of the skin. Syn., dermatochysis. 
s., fish. See ichthyosis, s., glossy, a peculiar shiny, 
glazed skin seen in conditions in which the trophic 
nerve-supply to the skin is cut off, as after injury to 
a nerve, s., goldbeaters', a thin tenacious sheet 
from the cecum of cattle, occasionally used as a 
surgical dressing, s., goose-. See goose-flesh, s.- 
grafting, the application of pieces of the outer layers 
of healthy skin to a granulating surface for the pur- 
pose of hastening its cicatrization, (i) Autoepidermi- 
When the epithelial cells are taken from the patient, 
it includes — (a) scrapings from healthy skin; (b) corn 
shavings; (c) pellicles from blisters; (d) the Ollier- 
Thiersch method, in which one-half the skin thickness 
(epidermis, rete, and part of the cutis proper) is 
required; and (e) the Krause method, in which the 
whole thickness of the skin is used in grafting. 
(2) Heteroepidermic: When the epithelial cells are 
furnished by another person. (3) Zoodermic: When 
the skin is removed from lower species, as the use 
of — (a) small pieces of sponge; (b) frog skin; (c) inner 
membrane of hens' eggs; (d) inner surface of pullets' 
wings; (e) skin of pups; (/) skin of guinea-pigs; 
(g) skin of rabbits, s., hypertrophy of the, excessive 
growth of the skin. Syn., dermathypertrophia. s., 
neuralgia of the. See dermatalgia. s., pigmentation 
of the. See dermatodyschroia. s.-shedding. See 
keratolysis. 

skinny (skin'-e) [ME.]. 1. Cutaneous. 2. Emaci- 
ated. 

skirt. The diaphragm. 

skleriasis (skle-ri'-as-is). See scleroderma. 

sklerodactylia. See sclerodactylia. 

Skoda, consonating rales of (sko'-dah) [Joseph 
Skoda, Austrian physician, 1805-1881]. Bronchial 
rales heard through the consolidated pulmonary 
tissue of pneumonia. S.'s resonance sign, S.'s 
tympany, a. tympanitic note heard above the line 
of fluid in a pericardial effusion, or above the line 
of consolidation in pneumonia. It is almost as 
tympanitic as the abdomen. 

Skodaic resonance. See Skoda's sign. 

skolikoiditis (sko-le-koid-i'-tis) [<TK03\r]Koei5ris, worm- 
like]. Synonym of appendicitis. 

skoliosis. See scoliosis. 

skoliosometer (sko-le-o-som' -et-er) [<nco\i6s, curved; 
ixkrpov, measure]. See scoliosometer. 

skookum chuck [Amer. Ind., "good water"]. 
A homeopathic remedy for skin diseases consisting 
of a trituration of the salts of the spring of this 
name. Dose 2 gr. (1.03 Gm.) in one-half glass of 
water; teaspoonful every 2 or 3 hours. 

skopophobia {sko-po-fo' -be-ah) [<tkoitos, a spy: 
4>6Pos, fear]. Insane dread of spies. 

skotograph (skot'-o-graf). See skiagraph. 

skotography (skot-og'-raf-e). Synonym of skia- 
graphy. 

skull (skul) [Icel., skal, a bowl]. The bony frame- 
work of the head, consisting of the cranium and the 
face. The cranium is made up of the occipital, 
frontal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones, and the two 
parietal and two temporal bones. The face is com- 
posed of two nasal, two superior maxillary, two 
lacrimal, two malar, two palate, and two inferior 
turbinated bones, and the vomer and inferior maxil- 
lary bone. Modes of measuring the capacity of the 
skull: Broca's method: 1. The skull, made imperme- 
able, is filled with water, which can be weighed or 
measured. 2. The skull is packed with shot, which 
is then measured; but both the filling and measuring 
are aided by certain implements, and especially by 
a funnel of certain dimensions, which controls the 
flow of the shot, and every step of the procedure 
follows definite rules. Method of Busk, Flower, or 
Tiedemann: the skull is filled with small, rounded 
seeds, beads, shot, or other substance, and the con- 



tents are then measured. The filling or the measur- 
ing (or both) is aided by certain manipulations 
(tilting, tapping, etc.). Method of Schmidt or 
Matthews. See Broca's method above. Welcker's 
method: the mode of filling the skull, so long as 
efficient and uniform, is immaterial; all that is re- 
quired is that each worker should, with the aid of a 
standard skull, find the exact size of the funnel 
necessary to give him, in measuring, the correct 
result with his particular method and substance 
used for the filling of the skull, s.-cap. 1. The 
top of the skull. 2. See Scutellaria, s., natiform, a 
skull covered with osteophytes, s.-roof, the roof 
of the skull; skull-cap. s., tower. See oxycephalia. 

skunk-cabbage. Dracontium fcetidum, the rhizome 
of which is stimulant, antispasmodic, and narcotic, 
and has been used in asthma, rheumatism, hysteria, 
and dropsy. 

slabber (slab'-ur). See slaver. 

slag [Sw., slagg, dross]. The earthy matter 
separated, in a more or less completely fused and 
vitrified condition, during the reduction of a metal 
from its ore. slag-wool, a product of blowing a jet 
of steam into melted slag; it is noninflammable and 
a nonconductor of heat. Syn., mineral wool. 

slake (slak) [AS., sleccan, to quench; extinguish]. 
1. To quench or appease. 2. To disintegrate by 
the action of water. 

slaver (slav'-er) [ME.]. Drivel; saliva, especially 
such as is discharged involuntarily. 

sleep. The periodic state of rest in which volun- 
tary consciousness and activity cease, s.-drunken- 
ness. See somnolentia, s.-epilepsy. See narcolepsy. 
s., hypnotic, s., magnetic, s., mesmeric. See hypno- 
tizm. s.-paralysis, paralysis produced by pressure 
during sleep, s., paroxysmal. See narcolepsy. 
s., twilight. See twilight, s.-walking. See som- 
nambulance. 

sleeping dropsy or sickness. A peculiar disease 
of West Africa characterized by increasing somno- 
lence. See African lethargy. 

sleeplessness (slep'-les-nes). See insomnia. 

slender column. See funiculus gracilis, s. lobe 
of cerebellum, a small lobe in the inferior surface 
of the cerebellum. 

slide (slid). A small, rectangular plate of glass 
upon which objects intended J. or examination with 
the microscope are placed. 

sling. A swinging bandage for supporting an 
arm or other part. 

slit [ME.]. A narrow opening; a visceral cleft; 
the separation between the labia; the vulvar cleft. 
s., genitourinary, s., urinogenital, s., urogenital, the 
urogenital opening, s. of the microspectroscope, 
the spectral ocular, in place of an ordinary diaphragm, 
has two movable knife edges so arranged that a slit- 
like opening of greater or less width and length may 
be obtained by the use of screws for that purpose. 

slobber (slob'-ur). See slaver. 

sloid, sloyd (sloid) [Sw., slojd, slight skill]. A 
system of manual training taught in elementary 
school; it is of Swedish origin. 

slough (sluf) [ME., slouh, the skin of a snake]. 
The separated dead matter in an ulceration. 

sloughing (sluf'-ing) [slough]. Pertaining to or 
characterized by sloughs. 

slows (sloz). Synonym of milk-sickness. 

Sluder's method (sloo'-der) [Greenfield Sluder, 
American laryngologist, 1865- ]. Of tonsillec- 
tomy: Removal of the tonsil with capsule complete. 

sludge (sluj) [AS., slog, mud]. Sewage-deposit. 

slumber (slum'-ber) [ME., slumberen, to slumber]. 
1. To sleep lightly. 2. Light sleep. 

smallpox. See variola. 

smear-cultures (smer). See culture. 

Smee's battery [Alfred Smee, English surgeon, 
1818-1877]. Positive element, zinc; negative ele- 
ment, platinized silver; exciting agent, sulphuric 
acid, dilute; depolarizing agent, none; E. M. F., 
0.5 to 1.0 volt. 

smegma (smeg'-mah) [<rtirjytia, a cleansing .sub- 
stance]. 1. Sebum. 2. See s. prceputii. s. clitori- 
dis, the substance secreted by the sebaceous glands 
of the clitoris and labia minora, s. embryonum. 
See vernix caseosa. s. praeputii, or simply smegma, the 
substance secreted by the sebaceous glands of the 
prepuce. 

smegmatic {smeg-mal'-ik) [a/iJJY/za, a cleansing 
substance]. Pertaining to, or of the nature of, 
smegma. 



SMELL 



808 



SODACOL 



smell, i. The perception of odor. 2. Odor. 

smelling-salts. A name applied to various prepar- 
ations of ammonium carbonate scented with aromatic 
substances. 

smelting (smelt'-ing) [ME., smelten, to smelt]. 
The treatment of ore by which it is subjected to 
intense heat for the purpose of separating the con- 
tained metal. 

smesches (sme'-chez). Puffs of arsenic trioxide 
gas which occasionally escape from the doors of the 
calcining furnaces in Cornish arsenic works, and 
which give rise to pulmonary irritation among the 
workmen. 

smilacin (smi'-las-in) [smilax]. 1. The precipitate 
from a tincture of the root of sarsaparilla, Smilax 
officinalis, alterant, detergent, diaphoretic, and 
stimulant. Dose 2-5 gr. (0.13-0.32 Gm.). 2. C40- 
HvoOs (Fliickiger) or CieHhoOe (Poggiale) or C15H26O5 
(Peterson). Folchi's name for a saponin-like gluco- 
side found by Palotta, in 1824, in sarsaparilla-root 
(various species of Smilax), and named by' him 
pariglin. It forms a yellowish-white powder, 
soluble in water and alcohol; alterative, expectorant, 
and emetic, and used in syphilis and colds. Dose 
1-3 gr. (0.065-0.2 Gm.). Syn., parillin (Batha); 
salseparin (Thubeuf ) . 

smilax (smi'-laks). See sarsaparilla. 

smile (smil) [ME., smil]. A joyful expression. 
s., levator, s., nasal, W. R. Gowers' name for a 
peculiarity of expression in some patients affected 
with myasthenia, consisting in absence of normal 
movement at the corners of the mouth. 

smith's cramp. An occupation-neurosis occurring 
in smiths, and characterized by painful cramps in 
the arm or hand. 

Smith's disease. [Eustace Smith, English physi- 
cian]. Mucous colitis. S.'s sign, a murmur audible 
over the sternum when the chin is drawn up. 

Smith's dislocation of the foot. [Robert William 
Smith, Irish surgeon]. Dislocation upward and 
backward of all the metatarsal bones, together 
with the internal cuneiform. S.'s fracture, trans- 
verse fracture about 5 cm. above the lower extremity 
of the radius. 

Smith's operation [Henry Smith, English surgeon]. 
For hemorrhoids: crushing by means of a clamp, and 
applying the Paquelin cautery to the stump after 
cutting away the projecting part. 

Smith's phenomenon [Theobald Smith, American 
scientist, 1859- ]. Animals injected with a 
foreign serum or inert protein often die or show 
severe symptoms after a second injection, even in 
minute quantity. 

Smith's reaction for bile-pigments. Pour tincture 
of iodine carefully over the liquid to be tested. A 
green ring appears between the two liquids. 

smoker (smo'-ker). One who uses tobacco, s.s' 
cancer. See cancer, s.s' dyspepsia. See dyspepsia. 
s.s' patch, a chronic inflammation of a small spot of 
the mucous membrane of the mouth arising from 
an irritation produced by the pipe. It varies in 
size from a quarter to a half of an inch in diameter, 
and is smooth and red in appearance, s.s' sore- 
throat, the condition of catarrh of the pharynx and 
larynx, with hoarseness, common in habitual smokers, 
s.s' vertigo. See vertigo. 

smoke test for plumbing. "By means of bellows, 
or some smoke-producing rocket, smoke is forced 
into the system of pipes, the ends plugged up, and 
the escape of the smoke watched for, as wherever 
there are defects in the pipes the smoke will appear" 
[Price]. 

smudging (smuj'-ing) . A form of defective speech 
in which the difficult consonants are dropped. 

Sn. Chemical symbol of tin [L., stannum], 

snaggle-teeth (snag' -I). Irregular and oblique 
dentition. 

snakeroot. See cimicifuga, senega, and serpentaria. 

snap-finger. See spring-finger. 

snare (snar). A light or small ecraseur, or wire 
loop, used in removing polpi and small excrescences, 
s. cold, the ordinary snare, s. galvanocaustic, s., 
hot, a snare in which the wire is heated by a galvanic 
current. 

sneeze (snez) [AS., fneosan, to sneeze]. A sudden, 
noisy, spasmodic expiration through the nose. 

sneezing. The act of expelling air violently 
through the nose, s., pregnancy, spasmodic fits of 
sneezing from hyperemia of the nasal mucosa, 
following a circulatory disturbance due to pregnancy. 



Snell's laws [Simeon Snell, English ophthalmolo- 
gist, 1851-1909]. The two laws which govern single 
refraction: (1) The sine of the incident angle bears a 
fixed ratio to the sine of the angle of refraction for 
the same two mediums, the ratio varying with differ- 
ent mediums. (2) The incident and the refracted 
ray are in the same plane, which is perpendicular 
to the surface separating the two mediums. 

Snellen's types [Hermann Snellen, Dutch ophthal- 
mologist, 1834-1908]. See test-types. 

snore, snoring [ME., snoren, to snore]. 1. To 
breathe through the nose in such manner as to 
cause a vibration of the soft palate, thereby pro- 
ducing a rough, audible sound. 2. The sound so 
produced. 

Snow, external symptoms of (sno). Bulging of 
the sternum when the thymus gland and its lymph- 
atics are involved secondary to cancer of the breast. 

snow-blindness. See blindness, snow-. 

snuff (snuf) [ME., snuff en, to snuff]. 1. Powdered 
tobacco, variously perfumed and mixed, used for 
inhalation into the nostrils. 2. A medicated powder 
to be insufflated into the nostrils. 3. To inhale; 
to smell, s.-box, anatomist's, the foveola radialis. 

snuffles. Coryza, especially of infants, which is 
frequently due to inherited syphilis. 

soamin (so-am'-in). Trade name of sodium para- 
aminophenylarsonate, an arylarsonate. It is similar 
to atoxyl, and is used in syphilis, trypanosomiasis 
and pellagra. 

soap [sapo, soap]. A chemical compound made 
by the union of certain fatty acids with an alkali 
or other metal. According to the alkali used, 
the soap formed is a potash-soap, soda-soap, am- 
monia-soap, lead-soap, lime-soap, etc. s.-bark. 
See quillaia. s., Castile, soap made from olive-oil. 
s., gray, soap to which mercury and benzoinated 
fat are added. Syn., sapo cinereus. s., green 
(sapo mollis, U. S. P.), soft soap, made from linseed- 
oil and potash. The sapo mollis of the B. P. is made 
from olive-oil and potash. Syn., potash-soap, s., 
green, tincture of (linimentum saponis mollis, U. S. P., 
B. P.), liniment of soft soap, used as an anodyne, 
s., hard. See s., soda-, s. liniment (linimentum 
saponis, U. S. P., B. P.), liquid opodeldoc, used as a 
sedative liniment in rheumatic affections and sprains, 
s. plaster (emplastrum saponis, U. S. P., B. P.), 
used as a local sedative, s., potash-. See s., green. 
s., soda- (sapo, U. S. P.; sapo durus, B. P.), hard 
soap, made from sodium hydroxide and olive-oil. 
It enters into the composition of various pills, and 
from it are also prepared soap plaster and soap lini- 
ment, s., soft. See s., green, s., Spanish, castile 
soap. 

sob. A convulsive inspiration due to contraction 
of the diaphragm and spasmodic closure of the 
glottis. 

socaloin (so-kal'-o-in), C15H16O7. Aloin obtained 
from Socotrine aloes. 

socia parotidis (so'-se-ah par-ot' -id-is). A small 
separate lobe of the parotid gland. 

social (so'-shal) [socius, a companion]. Gregarious, 
growing near, or together, s. evil, prostitution. 

society screw. The screw at the lower end of 
the drawtube or body-tube of a microscope for re- 
ceiving the objective. 

sociology (so-se-ol'-o-je) [socius, a fellow-being; 
X670J, a treatise]. A treatise on the mutual relations 
of people and of social organization. 

sock (sok) [ME., socke]. 1. A short-legged stock- 
ing. 2. An insole, s. instep arch, a device to be 
worn inside the shoe in cases of flat-foot, s.s, 
Neapolitan, socks containing mercurial ointment, 
which are to be worn continuously for the purposes 
of inunction. 

socket (sok'-et) [ME., soket]. The concavity into 
which a movable part is inserted. 

socordia (so-kor'-de-ah) [socors, silly]. Hallucina- 
tion. 

soda (so'-dah) [Ital., from L., solidus, solid]. 
1. Sodium oxide, Na20. 2. Sodium carbonate or 
sodium bicarbonate. See sodium. 3. Sodium hydrox- 
ide, NaOH. s., baking-, sodium bicarbonate, s., 
caustic, sodium hydroxide, s., chlorinated, a mix- 
ture of sodium chloride and sodium hypochlorite. 
s.-soap. See soap, soda-, s., washing, sodium car- 
bonate, s.-water, water impregnated with carbon 
dioxide. 

sodacol (so'-dak-ol). The sodium salt of guaiacol 
sulphonic acid. 



SODIC 



809 



SODIUM 



sodic (so'-dik) [soda]. Derived from or containing 
soda or sodium. 

sodii {so'-de-i) [L.; genitive of sodium]. Of 
sodium. 

sodium (so'-de-um) [soda]. A metallic element 
of the alkaline group of metals, melting at 95-6° C, 
and having a specific gravity of 0.97, an atomic 
weight of 23, and a valence of one. Symbol Na, 
from the Latin natrium. Sodium occurs widely 
distributed in nature, and forms an important 
constituent of animal tissues. It has a strong 
affinity for oxygen and other nonmetallic elements. 
It is also a constituent of many medicinal prepara- 
tions, s.-acetanilid sulphonate, a white, crystalline 
mass, readily soluble in water, used as a substitute 
for antipyrin. s. acetate (sodii acetas, U. S. P.), 
NaC2H302+3H20, is diuretic. Dose 20 gr.-2 dr. 
(1.3-8.0 Gm.). s. acid sulphosalicylate. See s. 
sulphosalicylate, acid. s. anhydromethylenecitrate, 
an antilithemic remedy depending for its action 
upon the liberation of formaldehyde in the blood. 
Syn., citarin. s. anisate, 2NaC3H?03+H20, small 
colorless scales, soluble in water; antipyretic and 
antirheumatic. Dose 5-15 gr. (0.32-1.0 Gm.). 
s. arsenate (sodii arsenas, U. S. P.), NaH2As04 + 
7H2O, clear, colorless, poisonous prisms, with mild 
alkaline taste, soluble in 4 parts of water; alterative, 
tonic, antiseptic. From it is prepared liquor sodii 
arsenates (U. S. P.). Dose ^rVg - ! gr. (0.001-0.003- 
0.008 Gm.). Antidotes — emetics, stomach siphon, 
fresh ferric hydrate, dialyzed iron, ferric hydrate and 
magnesia, demulcents, stimulants, warmth, s. 
arsenate, exsiccated (sodii arsenas exsiccatus, U. S. 
P.),Na2HAs04. Dose £jgr. (0.003 Gm.). s. arseni- 
ate. See 5. arsenate, s. arsenotartrate, a soluble 
arsenic salt recommended as a substitute for potas- 
sium arsenite and arsenic trioxide. s. aurochloride, 
AuCl3NaCl+2H20, a golden-yellow powder said to 
contain 30 % of gold and freely soluble in water, 
sparingly so in alcohol. It is used in syphilis. 
Dose £— 1 gr. (0.01-0.06 Gm.). s. benzoate (sodii 
benzoas, U. S. P., B. P.), NaCrHsO^, is used in gout, 
rheumatism, lithemia, influenza, etc. Dose 1-2 dr. 
(4-8 Gm.). s.-benzoyl-sulphonicimide. See sac- 
charin, s. biborate. See 5. borate, s. bicarbonate 
(sodii bicarbonas, U. S. P., B. P.), NaHC0 3 , is used 
as an antacid in dyspepsia, gout, rheumatism, 
lithemia, and diabetes. Dose 10 gr.-i dr. (0.65- 
4.0 Gm.). s. biiodosalicylate. See 5. diiodosalicylate. 
s. bismuth citropyroborate, lustrous leaflets, soluble 
in water, insoluble in alcohol; used in gastralgia. 
s. bisulphate, NaHS04+H2G; it is used as a means 
of rendering water infected by typhoid bacilli drink- 
able and harmless for troops in the field, s. bisul- 
phite (sodii bisulphis, U. S. P.), NaHS03+H 2 0, 
opaque prisms or granular powder of disagreeable 
taste, soluble in 4 parts of water, 72 parts of alcohol, 
or 2 parts of boiling water. It is antipyretic and 
antiseptic, used in gastric fermentation and as a 
parasiticide in skin diseases. Dose 10-30 gr. (0.65- 
2.0 Gm.). Syn., leucogen. s. biurate, the deposit of 
this salt in or upon the tissues of the joints is held to 
be the etiological factor in arthritic manifestations of 
gout. s. borate (sodii boras, U. S. P., B. P.), borax, 
Na2B407. 10H2O, is used in dysmenorrhea, in uric- 
acid diathesis, in stomatitis, and as an antiseptic. 
In over-doses it is a depressant poison. See boron. 
s. borobenzoate, a compound of borax, 3 parts, and 
sodium benzoate, 4 parts, dissolved in water and 
evaporated, s. borosalicylate, a hard mass obtained 
by triturating 32 parts of sodium salicylate and 
25 parts of boric acid with a little water; it is a soluble 
antiseptic. Syn., bor salicylate; borsalyl; borosalicyl. 
s. borosulphate, SO2 . OBO . Na, odorless, vitreous 
masses of faint, harsh, acidulous taste, soluble in 
5 parts of water. It is an internal and external 
antiseptic. Dose 5-10 gr. (0.3-0.6 Gm.) 5 or 6 
times daily, in water. Application, 1 to 2 % solu- 
tion. Syn., borol. s. bromide (sodii bromidum, 
U. S. P., B. P.), NaBr, is used like the other bromides. 
Dose \-2 dr. (2-8 Gm.). s. cacodylate, s. methylar- 
senate. See arrhenal and neoarsycodil. s. caffeine 
sulphate, s. caffeine sulphonate, s. and caffeine sulpho- 
nate, CSH9X4O2 . SOaNa, soluble in 50 parts of water, 
in 7 parts of boiling water; used as a diuretic in 
obesity and dropsy. Syn., symphor ol- sodium ; sym- 
phorol N. s. cantharidinate, a compound of cantha- 
ridin, 0.2 Gm., and sodium hydroxide, 0.3 Gm., 
dissolved in 20 Cc. of water with heat; the solution 
is made up to 1000 Cc. It is used subcutaneously 



in tuberculosis of the throat. Dose 8 gr. (0.5 Gm.). 
s. carbolate. See 5. phenate. s. carbonate, Na2C03 .- 
10H2O, is used as an antacid, and locally in diseases 
of the skin and in superficial burns. Dose 10 gr.-§ dr. 
(0.65-2.0 Gm.). Dried sodium carbonate is used like 
the carbonate. Dose 5-1 5 gr. (0.32-1.0 Gm.). 
s. carbonate, monohydrated (sodii carbonas mono- 
hydratus, U. S. P.), Na 2 C03+H 2 0. Dose 4 gr. 
(0.25 Gm.). s. cetrarate, Na2Ci8Hu08, a micro- 
acicular powder, soluble in water and used as a tonic. 
Dose 2-15 gr. (0.13-1.0 Gm.). s. chlorate (sodii 
chloras, U. S. P.), NaC103, has medicinal properties 
similar to those of potassium chlorate, but is more 
soluble. Dose 5-15 gr. (0.32-1.0 Gm.). s. chloride 
(sodii chloridum, U. S. P., B. P.), NaCl, common 
salt, is a constituent of animal fluids and tissues and 
of food. In medicine it is used as a stomachic; 
in hemoptysis; as an application to sprains and 
bruises; as a tonic and stimulant in the form of salt- 
water baths; as a cathartic; and in the form of a 
0.6-0.75 % solution to replace the loss of fluids 
from hemorrhage or profuse diarrhea, being used as 
an intravenous, subcutaneous, or rectal injection. 
s. chloroborate, a combination of boric acid, borax, 
sodium chloride, and sodium sulphate used as an 
antiseptic in typhoid, etc. s. choleate, dried puri- 
fied oxgall, a yellow powder, soluble in water, and 
used as a tonic and laxative in chronic constipation. 
Dose 5-10 gr. (0.32-0.65 Gm.). s. cinnamate, 
NaC9H702, a white powder, soluble in water; used 
intravenously in tuberculosis. Dose fe-\ gr. (0.005- 
0.009 Gm.) thrice weekly. Syn., hetol. s. citrate 
(sodii citras, U. S. P.), 2Na 3 C6H 5 02+iiH20. Dose 
15 gr. (1 Gm.). s. citrate, neutral, 2Na3C6He07 + 
11H2O, white crystals, soluble in water; used as a 
purgative in diseases of genitourinary origin, fever, 
etc. Dose 10-60 gr. (0.65-4.0 Gm.). s. citro- 
benzoate, a white, bulky powder, soluble in water; 
diuretic, antiseptic, and antilithic. s. citrophos- 
phate. See melachol. s. citrotartrate (sodii citro- 
tartras effervescens, B. P.), is refrigerant and laxative. 
Dose 1-2 dr. (4-8 Gm.). s. copaivate, NaC2oHi902, 
a yellow, powdery mass, soluble in water, used as 
antiseptic and diuretic. Dose 10-30 gr. (0.65-2.0 
Gm.). s. corallinate. See 5. rosolate. s. cresylate, 
used as in cresol. s.-diiodoparaphenol sulphonate. 
Sees, sozoiodolate. s. diiodosalicylate, 2NaC7H3l203. 
+5H2O, white needles or leaflets, soluble in 50 parts 
of water at 20 C. It is analgesic and antiseptic 
and used externally on parasitic and syphilitic sores, 
s. dioxide, Na202, a white powder, soluble in water, 
used as a bleaching agent and disinfectant in den- 
tistry. Syn., sodium peroxide, s. dithionate. See 
5. thiosulphate. s. a-ditniosalicylate, Na2Ci4H80eS2, 
a yellowish powder, soluble in water, used in foot- 
and-mouth disease, s. /3-dithiosalicylate, Na2Cu- 
H8O6S2, a grayish powder, more soluble in water than 
the alpha salt. It is used internally in rheumatism, 
gonorrhea, etc. Dose 1-10 gr. (0.065-0.65 Gm.). 
Wash in foot-and-mouth disease 2.5 to 5 % solution. 
s.-ethoxyphenyl succinamide. See 5. phenosuccinate. 
s. ethylate, NaOC2Hs, is used as a caustic, s. 
ethylsulphate, NaC 2 H 5 S04+H20, flat, aromatic 
crystals, soluble in water or alcohol; used in consti- 
pation. Dose 60-300 gr. (4-20 Gm.). s. fluoride, 
NaF, shining crystals, soluble in water, used internally 
in malaria, epilepsy, etc. Dose T V-| gr. (0.005-0.01 
Gm.) in solution with sodium bicarbonate; externally 
as an antiseptic dressing for wounds. Syn., fluorol. 
s. fluosilicate. See 5. silico fluoride, s. glycerino- 
borate, s. glyceroborate, glycerite of borax obtained 
by heating 40 parts of borax with 60 parts of glycerol 
and forming a translucent, brittle mass, soluble in 
water or alcohol; antiseptic, s. glycerinophosphate, 
s. glycerophosphate, Na 2 P04C3H 5 (OH)2+H20, soluble 
in water; used in neurasthenia, Addison's disease, 
phosphaturia, etc. Injections, 3-4 gr. (0.2-0.26 
Gm.) daily in solution of sodium chloride, s. 
glycholate, NaC26H42NOe, a white powder, soluble 
in water or alcohol; used in chronic constipation and 
tuberculosis, and as a remedy for gall-stones. Dose 
5 gr. (0.32 Gm.) thrice daily, s.-guaiacol carbonate, 
a white powder, soluble in water, similar to but 
milder than sodium salicylate in action, s. gyno- 
cardate, NaCi4H2302, a yellow-white powder, soluble 
in water and alcohol; an antiseptic and alterative, 
used in leprosy. Dose 5-15 gr. (0.32-1.0 Gm.) 
twice daily in capsules containing 3 grains each, 
s. hippurate, NaCgHsNOs, a white powder, soluble 
in boiling water; a solvent for uric acid. s. hydrate. 



SODIUM 



810 



SODIUM 



See 5. hydroxide, s. hydroxide (sodii hydroxidutn, 
U. S. P.; soda caustica, B. P.), NaOH, is an extremely- 
corrosive substance, occurring in the form of white 
pencils; it is used as a caustic and as an antacid, 
like the bicarbonate. From it is prepared liquor 
sodii hydroxidi (U. S. P.). Dose 5-30 min, (0.32- 
2.0 Cc). s. hypochlorite, NaOCl, is a constituent of 
liquor soda chlorinates (U. S. P., B. P.), Labarraque's 
solution, s. hypophosphite (sodii hypophosphis, 
U. S. P., B. P.), NaPH 2 2 H 2 0, is used like the other 
hypophosphites in pulmonary tuberculosis, scrofula, 
rickets, etc. Dose 10-30 gr. (0.65-2.0 Gm.). s. 
hyposulphite. See s. thiosulphate. s. ichthyol, 
s. ichthyolsulphonate, a dark-brown mass prepared 
by neutralizing ichthyol-sulphonic acid with an 
aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide, s. indigo- 
sulphate, indigo-carmin. s. iodide (sodii iodidum, 
U. S. P., B. P.), Nal, is used like potassium iodide, 
s. kussinate, NaC3iH 2 70io, an intensely bitter, yellow- 
ish, amorphous mass, soluble in hot water and alco- 
hol; used as a vermifuge, s. lactate, NaCsHsOs, a 
thick syrup used as a hypnotic. Dose 2-4 dr. (8-16 
Gm.) in sweetened water, s. and magnesium boro- 
citrate, a white antiseptic powder used in lithiasis. 
Dose 5-30 gr. (0.32-2.0 Gm.). s. mercurophenyl 
disulphonate. See hermophenol. s. metavanadate, 
an alterative and succedaneum for arsenic. Dose 
sW gr- (0.001-0.008 Gm.). s.-methoxysalicylate. 
See s.-guaiacol carbonate, s. methylarsenite. See 
neoarsycodil. Cf. arrhenal. s. /3-naphtholate, s.- 
betanaphthol, s.-naphthol, microcidin. s. nitrate 
(sodii nitras, U. S. P., B. P.), NaN03, has been used 
in dysentery. Dose |-i oz. (16-32 Cc). s. nitrite 
(sodii nitris, U. S. P., B. P.), NaN0 2 , colorless crystals, 
soluble in water, used as a diuretic and antispasmodic 
like the other nitrites, but its effects are more slowly 
produced and more permanent. Dose §-2 gr. (0.032- 
0.13 Gm.). Recommended for lowering blood- 
pressure in doses of 2-3 gr. (0.13-0.2 Gm.) every 
2 to 4 hours. See nitrite, s. nitroprusside, Na 2 F 2 - 
(CNJsNO, is used as a reagent, s. nucleinate, a 
white powder, soluble in water, used in puerperal 
affections and pneumonia and in diagnosing tuber- 
culosis. Dose 30-46 gr. (2-3 Gm.). s. oleate, a 
compound of NaCi8H330 2 , with excess of oleic acid, 
a yellowish mass, soluble in water. Syn., eunatrol. 
s. orthodinitrocresylate. See antinonnin. s. ortho- 
phosphate. See s. phosphate. s. ossalinate, a 
substitute for cod-liver oil; the sodium compound of 
the acid of ox-marrow, s. a-oxynaphtholate, C10H6- 
(OH) . COONa, a white, odorless powder, anti- 
septic and antithermic in action, s. paracresotate, 
NaCsHjOsNa, a fine, microcrystalline, bitter powder, 
soluble in 24 parts of warm water, used as an anti- 
pyretic and antiseptic. Dose 1-20 gr. (0.065-1.3 
Gm.). s. parafluorobenzoate, is used in tuberculous 
processes. Dose 8 gr. (0.5 Gm.) 3 times daily, 
s. peroxide. See s. dioxide, s. persulphate, Na 2 S 2 Ov 
a bactericide and vulnerary, used in 3 to 10 % solu. 
tion. It is also used as an aperient, 30 gr. (2 Gm.) 
in 10 oz. (295 Cc.) of water, 1 tablespoonful daily 
before the principal meals. Syn., persodine. s.- 
phenacetinsulphonate, a soluble succedaneum for 
acetphenetidin. s. phenate, NaCeHsO, white crys- 
tals, soluble in water, used as an antiseptic. Dose 
2-10 gr. (0.13-0.65 Gm.). s.-phenolphthaleinate. 
See 5. phenolsulphonate. s. phenolsulphonate (sodii 
phenolsulphonas, U. S. P.), NaC6H 5 04S+2H 2 0, is 
used locally as an antiseptic and internally as an 
antiseptic in intestinal fermentation. Dose 10-30 gr. 
(0.65-2.0 Gm.). s.-phenolsulphoricinate, synthetic 
phenol, 20%, and sodium sulphoricinate, 80%; 
used in 20 % aqueous solution in skin diseases and 
in painting false diphtheric membranes, etc. s. 
phenosuccinate, the sodium salt of phenosuccin, a 
white powder, soluble in water. It is antipyretic 
and antineuralgic. Dose 7i~i6 gr. (0.5-1.0 Gm.). 
s. phosphate (sodii phosphas, U. S. P., B. P.), diso- 
dium orthophosphate, Na 2 HP04 + i2H 2 0, occurs in 
colorless, translucent, monoclinic prisms, of a saline 
taste. It is soluble in boiling water and melts at 
35° C. It is a mild cathartic and antilithic. Dose 
5-40 gr. (0.32-2.6 Gm.). s. phosphate, effervescing 
(sodii phosphas effervescens, U. S. P., B. P.), is used 
like the phosphate. Dose 2-4 dr. (8-16 Gm.). 
s. phosphate, exsiccated (sodii phosphas exsiccatus, 
U. S. P.). Dose 15 gr. (1 Gm.). s. polyborate. 
See 5. tetraborate, s. and potassium tartrate, Rochelle 
salt; see potassium and sodium tartrate, s. pyro- 
phosphate (sodii pyrophosphas, U. S. P.), Na4P 2 07 + 



ioH 2 0, is used for preparing ferric pyrophosphate; 
soluble in boiling water; used in lithiasis. Dose 
2-20 gr. (0.13-1.3 Gm.). s.-rosanilinsulphonate, 
Na3C 2 oHi5NOioS3, crystals with green luster obtained 
from fuchsin by action of fuming sulphuric acid. 
Syn., acid fuchsin; fuchsin-sodium ; magenta; rubin. 
s. rosolate, NaC 2 oHis03, red masses with green 
luster used as a dye. Syn., sodium corallinate. s. 
saccharinate, the sodium salt of soluble saccharin; 
a white, crystalline powder containing 90 % of 
saccharin, soluble in water and having a sweetening 
capacity 450 times greater than cane-sugar. It is 
recommended as a valuable intestinal antiseptic. 
Dose 1 gr. (0.065 Gm.) once or twice daily. Syn., 
crystallose. s. salicylate (sodii salicylas, U. S. P., 
B. P.), NaC7Hs03, has the properties and uses of 
salicylic acid. It occurs in shining white scales, 
soluble in 0.9 part of water or 6 parts of alcohol. 
It is antiseptic, antirheumatic, and antipyretic. 
Dose 2-30 gr. (0.13-2.0 Gm.); maximum dose 60 gr. 
(4 Gm.) single, s. santoninate, 2NaCi5Hi904-f-7H 2 0, 
bitter acicular crystals in stellate groups, soluble in 
3 parts of water, 12 parts of alcohol, 0.5 of boiling 
water, 3.4 of boiling alcohol. It is given for in- 
testinal worms. Dose for adults £-1 gr. (0.016- 
0.065 Gm.). s. silicate, Na 2 Si03, whitish crystals 
occurring in fiat pieces, used in preparing liquor sodii 
silicatis, which is employed as a surgical dressing. 
Syn., soluble glass, s. silicofluoride, Na 2 SiF6, white 
crystals or granular powder soluble in 200 parts 
of water. It is used as a styptic, antiseptic, 
and germicide in aqueous solution of 2 : 1000. Its 
solution is known as salufer. s. sozoiodolate, 
NaOC6H 3 l20HS03+2H 2 0, long crystals, soluble in 
14 parts of water, alcohol, or 20 parts of glycerol. 
It is alterative and antiseptic. Dose 5-30 gr. (0.32- 
2.0 Gm.) daily. In whooping-cough 3 gr. (0.2 Gm.) 
blown into the nose. Externally in skin diseases, 
syphilis, etc., ointment 10 %, or 1 % aqueous solu- 
tion, s. stearate, s. stearinate, NaCisH350 2 , soapy, 
acicular crystals or scales, soluble in water; it is used 
in treatment of parasitic skin diseases, s. suc- 
cinate, Na 2 C4H404+6H 2 0, white crystals, freely 
soluble in water, recommended in catarrhal icterus. 
Dose 45 gr. (3 Gm.) daily, s. sulphanilate, C6H4- 
NH 2 S0 2 ONa . 2H 2 0, white plates, soluble in water, 
recommended in coryza. s. sulphantimonate, Na3- 
SbS4+9H 2 0, large yellow or colorless crystals with 
alkaline reaction, soluble in water. Syn., Schlippe's 
salt. s. sulphate (sodii sulphas, U. S. P., B. P.), 
Na 2 S04 . ioH 2 0, Glauber's salt, is a hydragogue 
cathartic and diuretic. Dose f-i oz. (16-32 Gm.). 
s. sulphate, effervescing (sodii sulphas effervescens, 
B. P.), is used for the same purposes as the sulphate. 
Dose 2-4 dr. (8-16 Gm.). s. sulphite (sodii sulphis, 
U. S. P., B. P.), Na 2 S03-|-7H 2 0, is used as is sodium 
thiosulphate. s. sulphite benzoate, a white powder, 
soluble in water; it is used as a wound antiseptic in 
the form of a dusting-powder, s. sulphocaffeate, 
bitter crystals, slightly soluble in water; a nontoxic, 
nonirritating, powerful diuretic. Dose 15 gr. 
(1 Gm.) in capsules. Syn., nasrol; symphorol. 
s. sulphocarbolate. See 5. phenolsulphonate. s. 
sulphoricinate, a compound of sulphoricinic acid and 
sodium hydroxide. A brown, syrupy liquid, soluble 
in alcohol and water; used as a solvent for iodine, 
iodoform, etc. Syn., poly solve; solvin. s. sulpho- 
ricinate, phenolized. See s.-phenolsulphoricinate. 
s. sulphosalicylate, acid, NaCyHsChSOs, white, 
crystalline powder, soluble in water, used as an 
antiseptic and antipyretic. Dose 10-30 gr. (0.65- 
2.0 Gm.). s. sulphovinate. See 5. ethylsulphate. 
s. sulphurosobenzoate, a clear, colorless liquid, 
said to be a harmless antiseptic for wounds, s. 
tartrate, Na 2 C4H40 3 +2H 2 0, white needles or prisms, 
soluble in water. Cathartic and diuretic. Used 
as an antacid and refrigerant in fevers. Dose 4-8 dr. 
(15-30 Gm.) once a day. s. taurocholate, NaC 2 e- 
H44NSO, a white powder, obtained from bile of 
herbivora, soluble in water or alcohol. It is used in 
deficient biliary secretion. Dose 2-6 gr. (0.13-0.4 
Gm.). s. tellurate, NaTe04+5H 2 0, a white powder, 
soluble in water. Used as an antipyretic, antiseptic, 
and antihidrotic. Dose \-\ gr. (0.016-0.05 Gm.) in 
elixirs, s. tetraborate, a compound of equal parts 
of boric acid and sodium biborate, forming an 
unctuous, insipid powder, neither toxic nor caustic. 
It is used in conjunctivitis and keratitis. Syn., 
antipyonin. s. thioantimonate. See 5. sulphanti- 
monate. s. thiophenate, C4H3S . SChNa, a white 



SODOMIST 



811 



SOLE 



powder, slightly soluble in water; used on prurigo 
in o.s to i % ointment, s. thiophenesulphonate, 
NaCiHs&Os+lHbO, a white, scaly powder, containing 
33 % of sulphur; used as an antiseptic on prurigo 
and skin diseases in 5 to io % ointment, s. thio- 
sulphate (sodii thiosulphas, U. S. P., Na2S303+5H20, 
is used to check fermentation, and locally in parasitic 
diseases of the skin and mouth. Dose 10-20 gr. 
(0.65-1.3 Gm.). s. trichlorocarbolate, s. trichloro- 
phenol, C6H2CI3 . ONa, white needles or crystalline 
powder, soluble in hot water; antiseptic, s.-tumenol 
sulphonate, a compound of sodium and sulpho- 
tumenolic acid. A dark-colored, dry powder, soluble 
in water. Syn., tumenol. s. tungstate, Na2W04 + 
2H2O, colorless, rhombic, bitter crystals, soluble 
in 4 parts of water and 2 parts of boiling water. 
Syn., sodium wolframite, s. valerate, s. valerianate 
(sodii valerianas, B. P.), is used as a nervous stimu- 
lant. Dose 1-5 gr. (0.065-0.32 Gm.). s. xantho- 
genate, NaCsHoOS2, a compound obtained by adding 
a saturated alcoholic solution of soda to carbon 
disulphide. It is antiseptic and germicide. 

sodomist, sodomite (sod'-om-ist, sod'm-U-o) [sodom]. 
One guilty of sodomy. 

sodomy (sod'-om-e) [Sodom, a city of ancient 
Palestine]. Sexual connection by the anus. 

sodor {so' -dor) . The proprietary name for capsules 
of liquid carbonic acid for preparation of carbonated 
beverages. 

Soemmering's bone (sem'-er-ing) [Samuel Thomas 
von Soemmering, German anatomist, 1755-1830]. 
The marginal process of the malar bone. S.'s 
crystalline swelling, an annular swelling formed in 
the lower part of the capsule, behind the iris, after 
extraction of the crystalline lens. S.'s foramen. 
See 5. 's yellow spot. S.'s ganglion, S.'s gray sub- 
stance, the substantia nigra (locus niger) of the 
cerebral peduncles. S.'s ligament, the suspensory 
ligament of the lacrimal gland. S.'s nerve, the long 
pudendal nerve. S.'s yellow spot, the macula lutea 
of the retina. 

soft. Yielding readily to pressure; not hard. 
s. palate. See palate, s. parts, the tissues of the 
body other than bone and cartilage, s. soap. See 
soap, green. s. water, one containing but little 
mineral matter and forming free lather with 
soap. 

softening (sof'-en-ing) [ME.]. The act of be- 
coming less cohesive, firm, or resistant, s., acute 
gastric, a disease of childhood in which the stomach 
and intestines are said to undergo softening. It is 
probably a post-mortem phenomenon, s., anemic, 
disintegration and liquefaction of the brain-substance 
from lack of blood-supply, s. of the bones, osteo- 
malacia, s. of the brain, a disease of the cerebral 
tissue dependent upon inflammation or blood failure, 
the symptoms varying according to the part affected, 
but consisting in loss of function, partial or complete. 
According to the appearances presenting the softening 
has been distinguished as red, yellow, or white. See 
general paralysis of the insane, s. colliquative, the 
name applied to that condition in which the affected 
tissues liquefy, s., esophageal, softening of the 
lower portion of the esophagus due to the solvent 
action of the gastric juice, s., gray, an inflammatory 
softening of the brain or cord with a gray discolora- 
tion, s., green, a purulent softening of nervous 
matter, s. of the heart, myomalacia cordis, a soften- 
ing of the cardiac muscle consequent on arterial 
anemia, s., hemorrhagic, the softening of parts 
involved in a hemorrhage, s., mucoid, myxomatous 
degeneration, s., red or yellow (of the brain), when 
hemorrhage accompanies the ischemic softening, 
and the products of disintegration of the blood 
mingle with the nerve substance, giving it a red or 
yellow hue. s. of the spinal cord, various stages in 
myelitis known by the terms gray, green, red, white, 
and yellow softening, s. of the stomach, gastro- 
malacia, consequent upon highly acid contents with 
a feeble circulation in the walls, but usually a post 
mortem phenomenon. See auto-digestion, s. of 
a thrombus, may be simple or red, puriform or yellow, 
the latter resulting in the extremely unfavorable 
condition of thrombophlebitis, s., white (of the brain), 
when the ischemia is unaccompanied with hemorrhage. 

soil [ME.]. The ground; earth, s.-diseases, 
those diseases supposed to be produced by emana- 
tions from a decomposing organic soil, or arising from 
imperfect drainage of decaying animal matter, s. 
pipe, the main discharge-pipe of a system of house- 



plumbing; usually an upright, hollow cylinder of 
iron. s. water. See subsoil-water. 

soja-beans, soy-beans (so' -yah). The edible seeds 
of Glycine soja, a leguminous plant of the East Indies. 
The meal of the soja-beans is used in diabetes. 
They contain a diastatic ferment, casein, cholesterin, 
lecithin, asparagin, leucin, cholin, hypoxanthin bases, 
phenylamidopropionic acid, oil (18 %), sugar (12 %). 

sokodu (so'-ko-doo). A disease which follows the 
bite of rats; observed in Japan and China. 

sokra [E. Ind., "without flesh or blood; skeleton"]. 
Vernacular for trypanosomiasis (q. v.). 

sol (sol). A colloid in solution. 

sol. Abbreviation of solution. 

solanidine (so-lan' -id-en). An alkaloid obtained 
by decomposing solanine. 

solanine (so'-lan-en) [solanum, the nightshade]. 
An alkaloid found in various species of solanum. 

solanism (so'-lan-izm). Nightshade poisoning 
from ingestion of berries of Solanum dulcamara or 
5. nigrum, or rarely through eating unripe potatoes; 
due partly to the contained glucoside causing vomit- 
ing, pain, and diarrhea, partly to tropeine, marked 
by symptoms of belladonna poisoning. 

solanoid (sol'-an-oid) [solanum, nightshade; elSos, 
like]. Of a potato-like texture, as a solanoid car- 
cinoma. 

solanoma (so-lan-o'-mah). A solanoid tumor. 

Solanum (so-la'-num) [L.]. A genus of the Sol- 
anacece, including the tomato, potato, bitter-sweet, 
and black nightshade. 5. carolinense, horse-nettle, is 
indigenous to the United States; a fluidextract from 
the fresh berries is recommended in epilepsy, tetanus, 
and convulsions of pregnancy. Dose 10-30 min. 
(0.6-1.8 Cc). It is also used as an abortifacient. 
5. crispum, S. gayanum, and 5. tomatillo are indi- 
genous to Chili and Peru, and are used under the name 
of natrix in inflammatory fevers, in typhus, etc. S. 
dulcamara, bittersweet, is indigenous to Europe and 
Asia, and contains dulcamarine and solanine. An 
extract from the young branches is employed as an 
alterant and diuretic in dropsy, cutaneous diseases, 
and rheumatism. Dose 5-20 gr. (0.32-1.3 Gm.). 
S. insidiosum and 5. paniculatum, jurubeba, are 
species of Brazil, and are alterative and antiblen- 
norrheic. Dose of fluidextract in gonorrhea and 
syphilis 15-30 min. (0.9-1.8 Cc). 5. nigrum, 
nightshade, is found in Europe, Asia, and America, 
is used as a diuretic and emetic, and externally as a 
cataplasm. 5. tuberosum is the potato, indigenous 
to Chili; it contains solanine, solanidine, solaneine, and 
a small amount of tropeine. The tubers contain the 
proteid tuberin. 

solar ganglion (so'-lar) [solaris, from sol, the sun, 
so-called because of the radiating nerves]. See 
under s. plexus, s. plexus, a plexus consisting of a 
network of nerves and ganglia (solar ganglia), and 
situated behind the stomach and in front of the aorta 
and crura of the diaphragm. It receives the great 
splanchnic nerves and filaments from the right 
pneumogastric nerve, and supplies branches to all 
the abdominal viscera. 

solarium (so-la'-re-um) [solaris, solar; sol, sun]. 
A room enclosed with glass, and arranged for the 
administration of sun-baths. 

solar ization (so-lar-i-za'-shun) [sol, the sun]. The 
application of solar or electric light for therapeutic 
purposes. 

solaro (so-la'-ro) [sol, the sun]. A cloth, shot 
with an orange colored material, and recommended 
for use in tropical countries as a protection from the 
rays of the sun. 

Solayres' obliquity (so-lar-a) [Francois Louis Joseph 
Solayres de Renhac, French obstetrician, 1 737-1772]. 
Lateral obliquity. Descent of the child's head by 
its occipitomental diameter into the oblique diam- 
eter of the pelvis. 

Soldaini's solution for glucose (sol-dah-e'-ne) 
[Arturo Soldaini, Italian chemist]. Fifteen Gm. of 
copper carbonate dissolved in 1400 Cc. of water, 
to which is added 416 Gm. of potassium bicarbonate. 
A reduction of copper suboxide is obtained by 
heating the foregoing solution with a glucose solution. 

sole (50/) [ME.]. The plantar surface of the 
foot, s.-leather. See leather, s.-plate, (a) the 
name given by Boas to the palmar side of claws and 
hoofs, as distinguished from the volar side (Sohlen- 
horn) ; (b) the flattened nucleated mass of soft, 
faintly granular protoplasm closely applied to the 
surface of a voluntary muscle to receive the ultimate 



SOLEN 



812 



SOMATODYMIA 



fibrillae of the medullated nerve-fibers composing its 
motor supply. It forms part of the motor disc or 
endplate. s.-reflex. See reflex, plantar. 

solen (so'-len) [auiK-qv, a channel]. I. A channel. 
2. The central canal of the spinal cord. 

solenochalasis (so-len-o-kal-a'-sis) [<ru\r}v, channel; 
xaXaari-Kos, making supple]. Dilatation of a tubular 
organ. 

solenoid (so'-len-oid) [auh-qv, a pipe; el8os, likeness]. 
A spiral of conducting wire wound into a cylindrical 
shape so that it is almost equivalent to a number 
of equal and parallel circuits arranged upon a common 
axis; in therapeutics the name is applied to a large 
cage used for holding the patients in teslaization in 
such manner that they are not in direct communica- 
tion with the current. 

solenostegnosis (so-len-o-steg-no'-sis) [<roAriv, a 
channel; orkyvuxns, stenosis]. Constriction of a 
tubular organ. 

soleus (so-le'-us). A flat muscle of the calf. See 
under muscle. 

solferino (sol-fer-e'-no) [an Italian city, the scene 
of a battle]. A synonym of fuchsin. 

solicictus (so-lis-ik'-tus). Synonym of heat-stroke. 

solid (sol'-id) [solidus, solid], i. Firm; dense; 
not fluid or gaseous. 2. Not hollow. 3- A firm 
body; a body the molecules of which are in a condi- 
tion of strong mutual attraction. 

Solidago (sol-id-a'-go) [solidus, solid: gen., solid- 
aginis]. Golden-rod, a genus of some 100 species of 
composite flowered plants, mostly American. S. 
odora, is carminative, diaphoretic, stimulant, diuretic, 
and antemetic. S. rigida, is tonic and astringent. 
S. virgaurea, of both continents, is astringent, tonic, 
and vulnerary. 

solidarity (sol-id-ar'-it-e) [solidus, solid]. The 
unitary nature of the relations of the various parts 
of an organism, whereby all individual parts are 
subordinated to the welfare of the whole. 

solidification (sol-id-if-ik-a' -shun) [solidus, solid; 
facere, to make]. The act of becoming solid, or of 
possessing molecular attraction. 

solidism (sol'-id-izm) [solid]. The theory that 
diseases depend upon alterations in the solids of the 
body. 

solidist (sol'-id-ist) [solidus, solid]. The name 
given to one opposed to the doctrines of the humor- 
alists. 

solitary (sol'-it-a-re) [solilarius, solitary]. Single; 
existing separately; not collected together, s. 
bundle, s. fasciculus, a strand of nerve-fibers in the 
medulla, s. follicles, s. glands, minute lymphatic 
nodules in the mucous membrane of the intestine. 

solium (so'-le-um). A variety of tape worm. See 
tcenia solium. 

sollunar (sol-lii'-nar) [sol, sun; luna, moon]. 
Influenced by or relating to the sun and the moon. 

Solly's arciform band. See Rolando's arciform 
fibers. 

soloid {sol'-oid). Trade name applied to chemical 
and other substances which are compressed. 

Solomon's seal (sol'-o-monz sel). The root of 
Convallaria polygonatum, a tonic, mucilaginous and 
slightly astringent. It was formerly a popular 
domestic remedy for rheumatism and gout, and is 
externally employed in contusions. Dose of the 
fldext. 5 Hi- 

solphinol (sol'-fe-nol). A mixture of borax, boric 
acid, and sulphurous alkalies; a white, crystalline, 
odorless powder, soluble in 10 parts of water or in 
20 parts of glycerol. It is used as an antiseptic. 

Solpugidae (sol-pu'-je-de) [solpuga, a venomous 
spider]. A group of spider-like arachnids having 
closer relationship to the scorpions than to the true 
spiders. Their bite is poisonous. 
- solubility (sol-u-biV -it-e) [solubilis, from solvere, to 
dissolve]. The state of being soluble. 

soluble (sol'-ii-bl). Capable of being dissolved. 

solurol (sol'-il-rol). Trade name of a preparation 
of thyminic acid; said to be a uric acid solvent. 

solute (so-lut'). The substance dissolved in a 
solution. 

solutio (so-lii'-she-o). See solution. 

solution (so-lu'-shun) [solutio, from solvere, to 
loosen]. 1. A separation or break, as solution of 
continuity. 2. The process of dissolving a solid or 
of being dissolved. 3. A liquid in which a substance 
has been dissolved, s., colloidal, one obtained by 
dipping bars of metal into pure water and passing a 
heavy electric current from one bar to the other 



through the water. The metal under these condi- 
tions is torn off in a state of such fine division that 
it remains suspended in the water in the form of a 
solution. Syn., pseudosolution. s. of contiguity, 
a dislocation, s. of continuity, the division of a 
tissue, s. of cresol, compound (liquor cresolis com- 
positus, U. S. P.), cresol, 500 Gm.; linseed-oil, 350 
Gm.; potassium hydroxide, 80 Gm.; water, to make 
1000 Gm. s. grammolecular, one in which each 
liter contains the weight of one molecule of the 
active chemical expressed in grams, s.s, isotonic, 
such as are equal in osmotic pressure, solutio 
lithantracis acetonica, a solution of coal-tar 10 
parts, in benzol 20 parts, and acetone 77 parts. 
It is employed in skin diseases, s., normal. See 
normal solution, s., normal saline. See saline 
solution, s., potassium silicate, a colorless, slightly 
turbid, syrupy liquid with alkaline reaction, con- 
sisting of 10 % of potassium silicate in water, K2Si03- 
H2O. solutio retinae, detachment of the retina, 
s., saturated. See saturated (1). s., standard, a 
solution containing a definite quantity of a reagent. 
s., test-, a standard solution, s., volumetric, a 
standard solution, s., water-glass. Sees., potassium 
silicate. (For solutions not defined here see the 
qualifying word.) 

solutol (sol-u'-tol) [solution]. An alkaline solution 
of cresol in sodium cresylate, used as a disinfectant. 

solv. Abbreviation of Latin solve, dissolve. • 

solvella (sol-vel'-ah) [pi., solvellce]. A soluble 
tablet. 

solvent (sol'-vent) [solvere, to dissolve]. 1. Capable 
of dissolving. 2. A liquid capable of dissolving. 

solveol (sol'-ve-ol). A neutral solution of cresol 
in sodium cresylate, used as a disinfectant. 

solvin (sol'-vin). Sodium sulphoricinate: one of a 
series of liquids obtained from certain oils by the 
action of concentrated sulphuric acid; it is a powerful 
solvent, and also possesses the property of dissolving 
the red corpuscles. 

soma (so'-mah) [a-w^a, the body: pi., somata], 

1. The body alone, considered without the limbs. 

2. The entire body with the exclusion of the germ- 
cells. 

somacule (so'-mak-ul) [dim. of au>na, the body]. 
A physiological unit corresponding to, but greatly 
more conplex than, the chemical molecule; the 
smallest possible division of protoplasm. 

somaesthesia. Somatesthesia. 

somal (so'-mal). Pertaining to the body. 

somascesis (so-mas-se'-sis). See gymnastics. 

somatesthesia, somataesthesia [<ra>na, body; aladr)- 
<tls, sensation]. Bodily sensation, the consciousness 
of the body. 

somatic (so-mat'-ik) [o-wnarucos, from o-w/xa, body]. 
1. Pertaining to the body. 2. Pertaining to the 
framework of the body and not to the viscera, 
s. cavity, the body-cavity or perivisceral cavity, 
s. cells, undifferentiated body-cells or parenchyma- 
cells, s. death, the final cessation of all vital activi- 
ties in the body at large; see death, s. mesoderm, 
the upper or outer leaf of the mesoderm separated 
by the coelomic fissure from the lower or inner leaf, 
s. musculature, the muscles of the outer wall of the 
body somatopleure, as distinguished from those of 
the splanchnopleure, the splanchnic musculature. 

somaticosplanchnic (so-mat-ik-o-splank'-nik) [acb/xa, 
body; awXayxva, viscera]. Same as somaticovisceral. 

somaticovisceral (so-mat-ik-o-vis'-er-al)[au>na, body; 
viscera]. Relating to the body and the viscera. 

somatoblast (so-mat' -o-blast) [<rviia, body; /9\ao-r6s, 
a germ]. Any plastidule from which cell-material 
(in contradistinction to nuclear material) is built 
up or developed. 

somatochrome (so-mat' -o-kr dm) [awna, body; 
xpw/xa, color]. Applied by Nissl to a group of 
nerve-cells possessing a well-defined cell-body com- 
pletely surrounding the nucleus on all sides, the 
protoplasm having a distinct contour, and readily 
taking a stain. This group is divided into arkyo- 
chrome, stichochrome, arkyostichochrome, and gy- 
rochrome nerve-cells. 

somatodidymus (so-mat-o-did'-im-us) [a^na, body; 
8L8vfios, twin]. A double monster having the trunks 
united. 

somatodymia (so-mat-o-dim' -e-ah) [o-wpa, body; 
Shew, to enter]. A twin monstrosity in which the 
trunks are united. There are several varieties: 
ischiodymia, union by the hips; infraomphalodymia, 
union in the inferior umbilical region; omphalo- 



SOMATOGENIC 



813 



SOPHOMANIA 



dymia, union in the umbilical region; supraomphalo- 
dymia, union in the superior umbilical region; 
sternodymia, by the sternum; sternoomphalodymia, 
union by the sternal and the umbilical regions; 
vertebrodymia, union by the vertebrae. 

somatogenic (so-mat-o-jen'-ik) [awna, the body; 
yewav, to produce]. Pertaining to somatogeny. 

somatogeny (so-mat-oj'-en-e) [<r&fi.a, body; yewav, 
to produce]. The acquirement of bodily characters, 
especially the acquirement of characters due to the 
environment. 

somatologic (so-mat-o-loj'-ik) [awna, body; ~K6yos, 
science]. Pertaining to somatology. 

somatology (so-mat-ol'-o-je) [aqina., body; \6yos, 
science]. The study of anatomy and physiology of 
organized bodies; biology apart from psychology. 

somatome (so'-mat-om) [<tu>h<x, body; ron-q, a 
cutting], i. A transverse segment of an organized 
body; a somite. 2. An embryotome. 

somatomegaly (so-mat-o-meg'-al-e) [awfia, body; 
fieya, large]. Gigantism. 

somatomic (so-mat-om'-ik) [auixa, body; refivelv, 
to cut]. Pertaining to a somatome. 

somatopagus (so-mat-op' -ag-us) [awna, body; -wayos, 
fixed]. A double monstrosity having two trunks. 

somatoplasm (so' -mat-o-plazm) [auna, the body; 
7rXdo-Aia, anything formed]. The protoplasm of the 
body-cells; Weismann's term for that form of living 
matter which composes the mass of the body, and 
which is the subject of death, as distinguished from 
germ-plasm, which composes the reproductive cells 
and is possessed of potential immortality. 

somatopleural (so-mat-o-ploo'-ral) [afjUHa, body; 
■n-Xeupd, side]. Pertaining to a somatopleure. 

somatopleure (so-mat' -o-ploor) [au>na, body; irXevpa, 
the side]. The body-wall; the somatic mesoblast. 

somatose (so'-mat-os) [au>na, body]. A proprietary 
albumose food-product, s., ferro-, s., iron, a prepar- 
ation of somatose containing 2 % of iron. Dose 
75-150 gr. (5-10 Gm.) daily, s., milk, a tasteless, 
inodorous food in the form of a powder prepared 
from milk with 5 % of tannic acid; used in chronic 
diseases of the digestive tract. Dose for adults 
2 or 3 tablespoonfuls (30-45 Cc.) daily. 

somatosplanchnopleuric (so-mat-o-splank-no-ploo'- 
rik). Relating to the somatopleure and the splanch- 
nopleure. 

somatotomy (so-mat-ot'-o-me) [au>na, body; 7-0/117, 
section]. Anatomy; dissection. 

somatotridymus (so-mat-o-trid'-im-us) [<ru>na, body; 
rpiSvuos, triple]. A monster with three trunks or 
bodies. 

somesthetic, somaesthetic (so-mes-thet'-ik) [<ru>na., 
body; al<jBi\ait, sensation]. Pertaining to general 
sensory structures, s. area, Munk's Kbrperfuhls- 
phdre, the region of these cortex in which the axons 
of the general sensory conduction-path terminate, 
s. path, the general sensory conduction-path leading 
to the cortex. 

somiology (so-mi-ol'-o-je) [aufia, body; \6yos, 
science]. A term proposed by Rafinesque, 1814, as 
a common name under which to consider the phe- 
nomena of organic nature, now covered by the term 
biology. Syn., organology; organomy. 

somite (so'-mlt) [awfia, body]. 1. A segment of 
the body of an embryo. 2. One of a series of seg- 
ments of the mesoblast on each side of the dorsal 
ridge of the embryo; a protovertebra ; a protoverte- 
bral or mesoblastic somite. 

somitic (so-mit'-ik) [au>na, the body]. Resembling 
or pertaining to a somite. 

somnal (som'-nal) [somnus, sleep]. A crystalline 
substance, a compound of chloral hydrate and 
urethane. It is diuretic and hypnotic. Dose 30 gr. 
(2 Gm.). 

somnambulance (som-nam' -bu-lans). Same as 
somnambulism. 

somnambulation (som-nam-bu-la'-shun). Same as 
somnambulism. 

somnambulator (som-nam' -bu-la-tor). Same as 
somnambulist. 

somnambulism (som-nam' -bu-lizm) [somnus, sleep; 
ambulare, to walk]. 1. The condition of half -sleep, 
in which the senses are but partially suspended; 
also sleep-walking, a condition in which the individual 
walks during sleep. 2. The type of hypnotic sleep 
in which the subject is possessed of all his senses, 
often having the appearance of one awake, but whose 
will and consciousness are under the control of the 
hypnotizer. somnambulisme, provoque, sleep-walk- 



ing induced by mesmerism, hypnotism, or "electro- 
biology." 

somnambulist (som-nam' -bu-list) . One who walks 
in his sleep. 

somnial (som'-ne-al) [somniatio, dreaming]. Re- 
lating to dreams. 

somniation (som-ne-a' -shun) [somniatio]. Dream- 
ing. 

somniative, somniatory (som'-ne-al-iv, som'-ne-at- 
o-re). Relating to dreaming; producing dreams. 

somniculous (som-nik' -u-lus) [somnus, sleep]. 
Drowsy; sleepy. 

somnifacient (som-ne-fa'-shent) [somnus, sleep; 
facere, to make]. 1. Producing sleep. 2. A medi- 
cine producing sleep; a hypnotic. 

somniferin (som-nif'-er-in) [somnus, sleep; ferre, 
to bear]. A morphine ether discovered by Bom- 
belon, said to be stronger than morphine and 
without bad effects or influence upon the heart. 

somniferine (som-nif -er-en) [somnus, sleep; ferre, 
to bear]. An alkaloid derived from Withania somnif- 
era, a solanaceous plant of Asia and the Mediter- 
ranean region. It is said to be narcotic. 

somniferous (som-nif'-er-us) [somnus, sleep; ferre, 
to bear]. Producing sleep. 

somnific (som-nif'-ik) [somnus, sleep]. Causing 
sleep. 

somnifugous (som-nif -u-gus) [somnus, sleep; 
fugere, to flee]. Driving away sleep. 

somniloquence, somniloquism, somniloquy (som- 
nil'-o-kwens, som-niV '-o-kwizm, som-nil' -o-kwe) [som- 
nus, sleep; loqui, to talk]. The act of talking during 
sleep. 

somniloquist (som-nil'-o-kwist). One given to 
talking during sleep. 

somnipathist, somnipathy. See somnopathist, som- 
nopathy. 

somnoform (som' -no-form). An anesthetic con- 
sisting of ethyl chloride, 60 %; methyl chloride, 
35 %; ethyl bromide, 5 %• 

somnol (som'-nol). A synthetic product of chloral- 
urethane with a polyatomic alcohol radical; used as 
a hypnotic and cerebral sedative. Dose 2-4 dr. 
(7.7-15.5 Cc). 

somnolence (som' -no-lens) [somnolentia; somnus, 
sleep]. A condition of drowsiness or sleep. 

somnolent (som' -no-lent) [somnolentus]. Inclined 
to sleep. 

somnolentia (som-no-len'-she-ah) [L.]. Sleep- 
drunkenness, a condition of incomplete sleep in which 
a part of the faculties are abnormally excited, while 
the others are in repose. 

somnolescent (som-no-les'-ent) [somnus, sleepl. 
1. Drowsy. 2. Inducing drowsiness. 

somnolism (som'-no-lizm). Hypnotism. 

somnone (som' -non). A proprietary hypnotic 
said to contain opium, lupulin, and lactucarium. 
Dose 16-32 min. (1-2 Cc). 

somnopathist (som-nop'-ath-isl) [somnus, sleep; 
7ra0os, disease]. One subject to hypnotic trance. 

somnopathy (som-nop' -ath-e) . Hypnotic somnam- 
bulism. 

somnos (som'-nos) [somnus, sleep]. A proprietary 
hypnotic formed by the chemical reaction between 
chloral hydrate and glycerol in certain proportions. 

somno vigil (som-no-vij'-il). See coma-vigil. 

somnus (som'-nus) [L.]. Sleep; see hypnosis. 

sonifer (son'-if-er) [sonus, sound; ferre, to carry], 
A variety of ear-trumpet. 

sonitus (son'-it-us). See tinnitus. 

sonometer (so-nom'-et-er) [sonus, a sound; ukrpov, 
a measure]. 1. An instrument for determining the 
pitch of sounds and their relation to the musical 
scale. 2. An instrument for testing hearing. 

sonorous (so-no'-rus) [sonus, sound]. Capable of 
producing a musical sound, resonant; of rales, low- 
pitched. 

sonus (so'-nus). See sound. 

soor. See thrush. 

soot-cancer, soot- wart. Epithelioma of the scro- 
tum ; so-called from its frequency in chimney-sweeps. 

sophistication (so-fis-tik-a'-shun) [©-o^io-tikos, de- 
ceitful]. The adulteration or imitation of a sub- 
stance. 

sophol (so'-fol). Proprietary name of a compound 
of formaldehyde, nuclein and silver; silver methylene- 
nucleinate. 

sophomania (sof-o-ma' -ne-ah) [<ro<t>6s, wise; navla, 
madness]. Insanity in which the patient believes 
himself to excel in wisdom. 



SOPHORA 



814 



SOUTHEY'S DRAINAGE TUBES 



Sophora (so-fo'-rah) [Arab.]. A genus of legumi- 
nous trees, shrubs, and herbs, mostly growing in 
warm regions. S. sericea (see loco) is a poisonous 
plant of the U. S.; its seeds contain sophorine. 
S. speciosa, a tree of Texas, also yields sophorine. 

sophorine (so-fo'-ren) [Arab.]. A paralyzant, 
poisonous alkaloid which exists in the seeds of some 
species of Sophora. 

sophronistae dentes (sof-ro-nis'-te den'-tez). Wis- 
dom teeth, or dentes sapientiae. 

sopor (so'-por) [L.]. Sleep, especially the profound 
sleep symptomatic of a morbid condition. 

soporate (so'-por-at) [sopor]. To stupefy; to render 
drowsy. 

soporifacient (so-por-if -a' -se-ent) [sopor, sleep; 
facere, to make]. A drug producing sleep; a hypnotic. 

soporiferous (so-por-if -er-us). See soporific. 

soporific {so-por-if -ik) [sopor; facere, to make]. 
i. Producing sleep. 2. A sleep producer. 3. Nar- 
cotic. 

soporose, soporous (so'-por-os, so'-por-us) [sopor, 
sleep]. Sleepy; partaking of the nature of sound 
sleep. 

sora (so' -rah). Synonym of urticaria. 

sorbefacient (sor-be-fa'-shent) [sorbere, to suck; 
facere, to make]. 1. Promoting absorption. 2. A 
medicine or agent that induces absorption. 

sorbic (sor'-bik) [sorbus, the sorb-tree]. Per- 
taining to or derived from the mountain ash. s. acid. 
See acid. 

sorbin (sor'-bin). See sorbinose. 

sorbinose (sor'-bin-os) [sorbus, the sorb-tree]. 
Sorbine, a ketone alcohol, found in mountain-ash 
berries, and consisting of large crystals, which 
possess a very sweet taste. It reduces alkaline cop- 
per-solutions, but is incapable of fermentation under 
the influence of yeast. 

sorbite (sor'-bit) [sorbus, the sorb-tree], CeEUOe 
+H2O. A hexahydric alcohol occurring in mountain 
ash berries, forming small crystals which dissolve 
readily in water. They melt at no° C. Sorbite 
corresponds, in all probability, to grape-sugar. 

sorbose (sor'-bos). Same as sorbinose. 

Sorby's cells (sor'-be). For spectroscopic examina- 
tion of blood: a narrow-lumen glass receptacle made 
of barometer tubing, both ends of which are accur- 
ately ground to parallel surfaces, one end being 
cemented to a small polished glass plate. 

sordes (sor'-dez) [sordere, to be foul]. Filth, 
dirt, especially the crusts that accumulate on the 
teeth and lips in continued fevers, s. aurium, 
cerumen, s. gastricae, undigested gastric debris. 
Syn., saburra gastrica. 

sordid (sor'-did) [sordidus, dirty; filthy]. In 
biology, of a dull or dirty color. 

sordidin (sor'-did-in), C16H18O7 or C13H10O8. A 
substance isolated from the lichen, Zeora sordida. 

sore. 1. Painful; tender. 2. An ulcer or wound. 
s., bed-. See bed-sores, s., Delhi, s., Penjdeh, 
s., natal. See furunculus orientalis. s. feet of 
coolies, s.s, water-. See itch, coolie, s., hard, 
chancre, s. mouth, Ceylon. See aphtha tropica.. 
s. soft, chancroid, s. throat of Fothergill, ulcerative 
angina of severe scarlatina (scarlatina anginosa). 
s., Veld. See under Veld. s. venereal, chancroid. 

Soret's band. An absorption band in the extreme 
violet end of the spectrum of blood; it is characteristic 
of hemoglobin. 

sorghum (sor'-gum). A variety of sugar-cane. 
s. saccharatum of the family Graminaceae. Also a 
syrup made from the expressed inspissated juice of 
the same. 

soroche (so-ro'-cha) [Sp.]. Mountain sickness. 

sororiation (sor-or-e-a'-shun) [soror, a sister]. 
The development which takes place in the female 
breasts at puberty. 

sorrocco (sor-ok'-o). Puna. An affection re- 
sembling sea-sickness, common in the high regions 
of South America. See soroche. 

sorts (sortz). In the drug- trade, refuse or culls; 
the poorest grade of any drug. 

soson (so'-zon). Unaltered meat-albumin, 98.5 %, 
in powder. It is odorless and palatable. 

sostrum (sos'-trum) [sostron, a reward for saving 
life]. A physician's fee. 

soterocyte (so'-ter-o-slt) [aurrtp, a preserver; kvtos, 
a cell]. A blood platelet. 

sotopan (so'-to-pan). A proprietary remedy said to 
contain iron, quinine, bromine, calcium and phos- 
phoric acid. 



souffle (soo'-fl) [Ft.]. A blowing sound; an 
auscultatory murmur; a bruit, s., cardiac. See 
heart-murmur, s., fetal, an inconstant murmur 
heard over the uterus during pregnancy, and sup- 
posed to be due to the compression of the umbilical 
cord, s., funic, s., funicular, a hissing sound, 
synchronous with the fetal heart-sounds, heard over 
the abdomen of a pregnant woman, and supposed 
to be produced in the umbilical cord, s., placental, 
s., uterine, a sound heard in the latter months of 
pregnancy, and caused by the entrance of blood into 
the dilated arteries of the uterus, s., splenic, a 
sound said to be audible over the spleen in cases of 
malaria and leukemia, s., umbilical. See s., funic. 

soul (sol) [ME., soule]. The moral and emotional 
part of man's nature, s.-blindness. See blindness, 
psychic, and apraxia. s.-deaifness, deprivation of 
all sensation of sound or reminiscence of it. s., 
Stahl's, according to the doctrine of George Ernst 
Stahl (1660-1734), the supreme, life-giving, life- 
preserving principle, distinct from the spirit: when 
hindered in its operation, disease resulted; it gov- 
erned the organism chiefly by way of the circulation. 
His doctrine was called animism, and was a reaction 
against the chemical and mechanical theories of the 
seventeenth century. 

sound [sonus]. 1. The sensation produced by 
stimulation of the auditory nerve by aerial vibra- 
tions. 2. [Fr., sonder, to probe]. An instrument for 
, introduction into a channel or cavity, for determining 
the presence of constriction, foreign bodies, or other 
morbid conditions, and for the purpose of treatment, 
s., anasarcous, a moist bubbling sometimes heard 
on auscultation when the skin is edematous, s., 
bandbox, the resonant percussion note sometimes 
heard in emphysema, s., Bellocq's. See Bellocq's 
cannula, s., bellows, an endocardial murmur which 
sounds like a bellows; see bellows, s., blowing, a 
blowing murmur, s., bottle. See amphoric breathing. 
s., bronchial, the large harsh sound of bronchial 
respiration, s.s, cardiac. Sees., heart, s., cracked- 
pot, a form of tympanitic resonance indicative of a 
cavity, s., esophageal, a long flexible sound for 
examination of the esophagus, s.s, fetal heart-, 
the sounds produced by the beating of the fetal heart, 
best heard near the umbilicus of the mother, s., 
flapping, the clap made by the closure of the cardiac 
valves, s.s, friction-, the sounds produced by the 
rubbing of one rough surface upon another, s., 
funicular bellows. See souffle, s.s, heart-, the two 
sounds heard over the cardiac area. The first dull 
and prolonged, is said to sound like lubb, and is 
isochronous with the systole of the ventricles. The 
second, sharp and short, is said to sound like dup, and 
is isochronous with the closure of the semilunar valves. 
s., kettle-singing, a chest-sound sometimes heard in 
incipient pulmonary tuberculosis. It resembles 
water boiling in a kettle, s., lacrimal, a fine' sound 
for exploring or dilating the lacrimal canal, s., 
metallic heart-. See metallic tinkling, s., meta- 
morphosing breath-, a sound due to the passage of 
air through a narrow opening into and out of a 
pulmonary cavity, s., muscle-, the sound heard 
through the stethoscope when placed over a muscle 
in the state of contraction; sussurus. s., osseous, 
a high-pitched intense auscultatory sound having a 
slightly metallic timbre, s., pulmonary, the respira- 
tory murmur, s., respiratory, respiratory murmur. 
s., sawing, a cardiac murmur resembling the sound 
produced by sawing, s.-shadow, the interference 
with a sound-wave caused by an object being placed 
between the ear and the source of sound, s., sub- 
jective. See phonism. s., to-and-fro, the friction- 
sound of pericarditis and pleuritis. s., tubular, the 
sound of tracheal respiration, s., urethral, an 
elongated steel instrument, usually slightly conical, 
for examination and dilatation of the urethra, s., 
uterine, a graduated probe for measurement of the 
uterine cavity. 

sour (sowr). Having an acid taste; fermented, 
s. dough. See leaven, s.-wood, sorrel tree ; the leaves 
of Oxydendron arbor eum; they are tonic, refrigerant 
and diuretic, and of reputed value in dropsy. Dose 
of the fldext. 15 xxx-3 ij- 

Southern fever. Synonym of Texas fever. 

southernwood. See artemisia abrotanum. 

Southey's drainage-tubes [Reginald Southey, 
English surgeon, 1835-1899]. Tubes of small caliber, 
employed for draining away the fluid from limbs 
that are the seat of extensive anasarca. 



SOXHLET'S APPARATUS 



815 



SPARTEINE 



Soxhlet's apparatus (soks'-let) [Franz Soxhlei, 
German chemist, 1848- ]. 1. An apparatus for 
sterilizing milk. 2. An apparatus for the determina- 
tion of the fat in milk. 

soy bean, or soya bean (soi or soi'-yah) [Jap.]. 
A kind of bean, the seed of Glycine soja (also referred 
to as Soja hispida and Dolichos sinensis), a plant 
of Japan and China and India. Diabetic bread, 
biscuits, and cakes are prepared from its flour, which 
contains no starch. The sauce called soy is also 
made from this bean. 

Soyka's plates (soi'-keh). Dishes employed in the 
cultivation of bacteria. They are similar to Petri's 
capsules, but differ from them in having from eight 
to ten depressions ground in the lower plate, which 
resemble the "wells" in hollow slides. 

Soymida (soi'-mid-ah) [Telugu name]. A genus 
of the Meliacece. S. febrifuga is an East Indian tree 
that furnishes rotun bark, introduced as a medicine 
in 1807 and used as a tonic and antiperiodic. 

sozal (so'-zal). See aluminum sulphocarbolate. 

sozin (so'-zin) [aw£eiv, to save; keep]. A defensive 
proteid occurring naturally in the animal body. 
One capable of destroying microorganisms is termed 
a mycosozin, one antagonizing bacterial poisons, a 
toxosozin. 

sozoborol (so-zo-bo'-rol). A mixture used in coryza 
said to consist of aristol, sozoiodol, and borates. 

sozodont (so'-zo-dont) [cr&teiv, to protect; odovs, 
tooth]. A dentifrice supposed to be prepared mainly 
of Castile soap and alcohol. 

sozoiodol, sozoiodolic acid (so-zo-i'-o-dol, so-zo-i-o- 
dol'-ik) [aWeiv, to save; iodol], C6H 2 l2(S0 3 H)OH. 
A crystalline, odorless powder used as an antiseptic, 
disinfectant, and parasiticide, chiefly in the form of 
its salts, of which the following have been employed: 
sodium sozoiodol, potassium sozoiodol, zinc sozoiodol, 
and mercury sozoiodol. s., lead, fine acicular 
crystals, sparingly soluble in water, s., sodium. 
See sodium sozoiodolate. 

sozolic acid (so-zo'-lik). See aseptol. 

sp. Abbreviation of Latin spiritus, spirit. 

space (spas) [ME., from L., spatium, space]. A 
name given for purposes of description to sundry 
inclosed or semiinclosed spaces within or about the 
body, s., anterior perforated, a triangular space at 
the mesal side of the Sylvian fissure, s., arachnoid. 
See s., subarachnoid, and s., subdural, s., axillary, 
the axilla, s., bregrnatic, the anterior fontanel. 
s., circumlental, the interspace between the ciliary 
body and the equator of the lens, s.s, circum- 
vascular lymph-, channels surrounding the blood- 
vessels and communicating with lymphatic vessels. 
s., complemental (of pleura), the portion of the pleural 
cavity just above the attachments of the diaphragm 
which is not filled with lung during inspiration. 
s., corneal, that between the corneal layers, s., 
epidural (of the spinal canal) , a lymph-space between 
the spinal dura and the periosteum lining the canal, 
s.-feelings, Hering's term for the perceptions or 
inferences of space-relations resulting from the 
retinal image, s., Haversian, s., medullary. See 
Haver's spaces, s., hypo prostatic, the space between 
the rectum and the prostate, s.s, intercellular, 
cavities formed by the splitting or separation of the 
walls of adjoining cells, s., intercostal, the space 
between two contiguous ribs. s., intercrural. See 
s., interpeduncular, s.s, interfascicular, spaces be- 
tween the bundles in fibrous tissue, s., inter- 
globular, an apparent, irregular space in the inter- 
globular substance of the dentine, s.s, interlamellar, 
the spaces between the lamella? of the cornea, s., 
intermesoblastic, the cavity between the visceral 
and parietal laminae of the mesoblastic plates of the 
embryo, s.s, intermetarsal, spaces between the 
metatarsal bones, s.s, intermuscular, in the pop- 
liteal region, the spaces between the quadriceps 
extensor and the posterior muscles of the thigh. 
s., interosseous, the space between two parallel 
bones, s., interparietal. See Virchow-Robin' s, s. 
s., interpeduncular, a diamond-shaped depression 
at the base of the brain, lying between the optic tracts 
and the crura cerebri, s., interpleural, the medi- 
astinum, s., interproximate, in dentistry, the V- 
shaped space between the proximate surfaces of the 
teeth and the alveolar septum which is filled by the 
gum. s., intertunical. See Virchow-Robin's, s. 
s., intervaginal (of the optic nerve). See s., sub- 
vaginal, s.s, investing. See s., lymph-, s., ischi- 
orectal. See fossa, ischiorectal, s., lacunar. See 



lacuna, s., lymph-, a sinus or space through which 
lymph passes, s., marrow-. See canal, medullary. 
s., mediastinal, the mediastinum, s.-nerves, the 
fibers of the auditory nerve in the semicircular canals, 
s., pelvirectal. See fossa, ischiorectal, s., perforated. 
See perforated space. _ s.s, pericellular, lymph-spaces 
in the brain, s., perichoroid, a lymph-space between 
the sclera and the choroid, s., perigastric, the cavity 
surrounding the stomach and other viscera, s., 
perilenticular, the space surrounding the crystalline 
lens holding the zonule of Zinn. s.s, perineural, 
lymph-spaces between the lamellae of the perineurium. 
s., perivascular. See s., circumvascular lymph-. 
s., perivitelline. See s., yolk-, s., pituitary, the 
space between the two cranial trabeculae wherein 
the hypophysis appears, s.s, placental blood-, 
the intervillous lacunae of the placenta, s.s, pleuro- 
peritoneal. See s., intermesoblastic. s., pneumatic, 
an accessory sinus of the nose, s., popliteal, a 
lozenge-shaped space at the back of the knee and 
thigh, s., posterior perforated, the depression just 
behind the albicantia at the base of the brain, s., 
posterior triangular, the space lying above the clavicle 
and between the sternomastoid and the trapezius 
muscle and the occiput, s., prevesical, a space 
lying immediately above the pubis and between the 
transversalis fascia and the posterior surface of the 
rectus abdominis, s., quadrilateral, the anterior 
and posterior triangles of the neck taken together. 
s., rectovesical, the space between the bladder and 
the rectum, s., retroperitoneal, that behind the 
peritoneum, but in front of the spinal column and 
lumbar muscles, s., retropharyngeal, that behind 
the pharynx; it contains loose areolar tissue, s., 
semilunar (of Traube). See semilunar space of 
Traube. s.-sense. 1. The faculty by which the 
form of objects is recognized. 2. A sense by which 
we judge of the relation of objects in space; it is a 
part of the sense of sight, s., subarachnoid, the 
space between the arachnoid and the pia proper. 
It contains the cerebrospinal fluid, s., subdural, 
the space between the dura and the arachnoid. 
Normally it contains only a capillary layer of fluid. 
s., subumbilical, a triangular space in the body- 
cavity having its base at the umbilicus, s., sub- 
vaginal, a lymph-space- within the sheath of the 
optic nerve, s., suprachoroid, the space between the 
velum interpositum and the fornix, s., uterorectal, 
s., uterovesical. See Douglas' culdesac. s., visual, 
the visual field, s., yolk-, the space formed by the 
retraction of the vitellus from the zona pellucida. 

spagiric (spaj-ir'-ik) [<nra&.v, to stretch or rend; 
ayelpeiv, to collect]. Pertaining to the obsolete 
chemical, alchemistic or Paracelsian, school of 
medicine. 

spagirism (spaj'-e-rizm) [<nraeu>, to stretch; ayeipeiv, 
to collect]. The Paracelsian, or spagiric school, or 
doctrine, of medicine. 

spagirist (spaj'-e-rist) [a-iraeiv, to stretch; ayelpetv, 
to collect]. A Paracelsian; a physician of the obso- 
lete alchemistic school. 

Spallanzani's law (spal-lan-lsah'-ne) [Lazaro Spal- 
lanzani, Italian physiologist, 1729-1799]. The 
regenerative power of the cells depends on the age 
of the individual; it decreases with age. 

spamenorrhea (spa-men-or-e'-ah) [cnravis, scarcity; 
fi-qv, month :poia, flow]. Scantiness of menstruation. 

spanamenorrhea (span-ah-men-or-e'-ah). See spa- 
menorrhea. 

spanemia, spanaemia (span-e'-me-ah) [<nravis, scar- 
city; alp.a, blood]. Poverty of the blood; anemia. 

spanemic, spansemic (span-e'-mik). See anemic. 

spaniocardia (span-e-o-kar'-de-ah) [airaveios, seldom; 
KapUa, heart]. Landois' name for bradycardia. 

Spanish fever. Synonym of Texas fever. S. fly. 
See cantharides. S. white, bismuth subnitrate. 
S. windlass. See windlass. 

spanopnea, spanopnoea (span-op' -ne-ah) [<nr&vis, 
scarcity; irvelv, to breathe]. Infrequency of respira- 
tory action. 

sparadrap (spar'-a-drap) [sparadrapum]. A plaster 
spread upon cotton, linen, silk, leather, or paper; 
adhesive plaster. 

spargosis (spar-go' -sis) [cnrapyav, to be distended]. 
1. Enlargement of a part. 2. Enlargement of the 
breasts from accumulation of milk. 3. Elephanti- 
asis. 

sparteine (spar'-te-in). An alkaloid found in sco- 
parius. s. hydrochloride, C15H26N2 . 2HC1, colorless 
crystals, soluble in water or alcohol, used as is 



SPARTISM 



816 



SPECIES 



the sulphate, s. hydroiodide, C15H26N2 . HI, white 
needles, soluble in water or alcohol; usage and dose 
the same as the sulphate, s. sulphate, C15H26N2 . - 
H2SCU+5H2O (sparteines sulphas, U. S. P.). bitter, 
colorless prisms, soluble in water or alcohol, boiling 
at 136 C. It is a heart stimulant and diuretic. 
Dose £-$ gr. (0.011-0.022 Gm.); maximum dose f gr. 
(0.032 Gm.) single; f-2 gr. (0.05-0.13 Gm.) daily. 
s. triiodide, C15H26N2I3, a black powder obtained from 
an ethereal solution of iodine and sparteine; soluble 
in alcohol; usage and dosage the same as the sulphate. 

spartism (spar'-tizm). Poisoning from sparteine; 
characterized by vomiting, somnolence, paralytic- 
like weakness, and accelerated pulse. 

spartium (spar'-te-um). Same as scoparius. 

spasm (spazm) [a-waapos, spasm]. A sudden mus- 
cular contraction, s. of accommodation, spasm of 
the ciliary muscles, producing accommodation for 
objects near by. s., Bell's, convulsive facial tic. 
s., bronchial, asthma, s., carpopedal, a contraction 
causing flexion of the fingers and wrist or ankles and 
toes, s., clonic, a spasm broken by relaxations of 
the muscles, s., clonic, in the area of the nervus 
accessorius. Synonym of torticollis, spasmodic. 
s., clonic, in the area of the portio dura. Synonym 
of tic, painless, s., cynic. See cynic spasm, s., 
deglutition, a paroxysm of rapid swallowing, noted 
by Young (1901) as a symptom of whooping-cough. 
s., drivers', one of the so-called professional neuroses, 
it consists of cramp-like pains in the arms of drivers 
upon taking the reins in the hands, s., facial, a 
peculiar clonic contraction of the muscles supplied 
by facial nerve, at times confined to the muscles 
surrounding the eye, or else involving one entire 
side of the face, s.s, fatigue, Poore's term for a 
group of affections characterized by spasmodic con- 
tractions, either clonic or tonic, brought about by 
voluntary movement, the exciting cause being 
limited to some particular action. Syn., business 
spasms; coordinated business neuroses; functional 
spasms; handicraft spasms; movement spasms; occu- 
pation spasms; professional spasms, s., fixed, 
permanent or continuous tetanic rigidity of one or 
more muscles, s.s, Friedreich's. Synonym of 
paramyoclonus multiplex, s.s, function, s.s, func- 
tional, s s, handicraft. See s.s, fatigue, and occu- 
pation-neurosis, s. of the glottis. See laryngismus 
stridulus, s., habit-, half voluntary spasmodic 
movements, the result of habit, sometimes called 
habit-chorea, s., hammer. See palsy, hammer. 
s., histrionic, a condition in which local involuntary 
twitchings of the face, acquired in childhood, persist 
during adult life, and are increased by emotional 
causes, s., idiopathic muscular. See tetany, s., 
inspiratory, a spasmodic contraction of nearly all 
the inspiratory muscles, s., laryngeal congenital, 
a peculiar stridor developing at birth, and disappear- 
ing after one or two years, s., lingual. See aphthon- 
gia. s., lock-, a form of writer's cramp in which 
the fingers become locked on the pen. s., mastica- 
tory (of the face). See trismus, s., mimic, facial 
neuralgia, s., mobile, slow, irregular movements 
depending upon hemiplegia, s.s, movement. See 
s.s, fatigue, s., muscular, idiopathic. See tetany. 
s., myopathic, one attending a disease of the muscles. 
s., nictitating, s., nodding. See eclampsia nutans. 
s., occupation, s., professional. See s.s, fatigue. 
s., pantomimic. Synonym of tic, painless, s., 
penman's. Synonym of writers' cramp, s., perineal. 
See vaginodynia, s., phonetic (of the glottis), spastic 
aphonia consisting of a spasm of the glottis, with 
elevation, resulting in interference with respiration. 
s., retrocollic, clonus of the deeper muscles of the 
back of the neck, s., Romberg's, masticatory spasm 
affecting the muscles supplied by the motor fibers 
of the fifth nerve, s., salaam, clonic spasm of the 
muscles of the leg, causing jumping movements, 
s. saltatoric, s., saltatory, s., static reflex. See under 
saltatory, s., sewing, an affection of tailors, seam- 
stresses, and shoemakers, in which clonic and tonic 
spasms attack the muscles of the hands on attempting 
to use them in the regular work, s., smiths', a 
spasm that occurs in those engaged in penblade manu- 
facturing, saw straightening, razor-blade striking, 
scissors-making, file-forging, etc. It consists in 
spasmodic movements of the arm used, and finally 
paralysis; see hemiplegia, hephestic. s., spinal 
accessory. See tic rolatoire. s. synclonic, tremulous 
agitation, s., telegraphist's, an affection described 
first by Onimus, 1875. See s.s, fatigue, s., tetanic. 



See 5., tonic, s., tonic, a spasm that persists without 
relaxation for some time, s., toxic, one due to 
poison, s., winking. See spasmus nictitans. s., 
writer's, writers' cramp, q. v. 

spasmo- (spaz-mo-) [airatrnos, spasm]. A prefix 
denoting pertaining to a spasm. 

spasmodermia (spaz-mo-der' -me-ah) [spasmo- ; 
Sepua, skin]. A spasmodic skin-affection. 

spasmodermic (spaz-mo-der '-mik). Relating to a 
spasmodic affection of the skin. 

spasmodic (spaz-mod'-ik) [spasm]. Pertaining to 
or characterized by spasm, s. spinal paralysis. 
See lateral sclerosis. 

spasmodism (spaz'-mod-izm) [spasm]. Fleury's 
term for those nervous states that originate in 
medullary excitation. 

spasmodyspnea (spaz'-mo-disp-ne-ah) [spasmo- ; 
dyspnea]. Spasmodic difficulty of breathing. 

spasmology (spaz-mol'-o-je) [spasmo-; \6yos, a 
treatise]. The sum of scientific knowledge of the 
nature and causes of convulsions. 

spasmolygmus (spaz-mo-lig'-mus). See hiccough. 

spasmoneme (spaz'-mo-nem) [spasmo-; vrifia, a 
thread]. The central reticulum or undulating 
bundle of fibrils eccentrically located in the peduncle 
of a stalked infusorian (Vorticella) and derived from 
the myonemes of the body. 

spasmophilia (spaz-mo-fd' -e-ah) [spasmo-; 4>Cheiv, 
to love]. A morbid tendency to convulsions. 

spasmorthopnea (spaz-mor-thop-ne'-ah) [spasmo- ; 
opdos, straight; ■nvelv, to breathe]. Spasmodic 
orthopnea. 

spasmotin (spaz-mo'-tin). See sphacelotoxin. 

spasmotoxin (spaz-mo-toks'-in) [spasmo-; to^lkov, 
poison]. 1. A ptomaine base of composition yet 
undetermined, obtained by Brieger from cultures of 
the tetanus germ, together with other unnamed 
toxins, one of which induced complete tetanus, with 
salivation and lacrimation. Spasmotoxin induces in 
animals violent clonic and tonic convulsions. 2. See 
sphacelotoxin. 

spasmous (spaz'-mus) [airavnos, spasm]. Having 
the nature of a spasm. 

spasmus (spaz'-mus) [atra^ixbs, spasm]. A spasm, 
s. bronchialis. Synonym of bronchial asthma, s. 
cynicus, spasmodic contraction of muscles on both 
sides of the mouth, giving a grinning expression, s. 
glottidis, spasm of the glottis or larynx, laryngismus 
stridulus, s. intestinorum. Synonym of enteralgia. 
s. muscularis. Synonym of cramp, s. nictitans, 
spasmodic action of the orbicularis palpebrarum 
muscle, causing a winking-like movement of the lid. 
s. nutans, salaam convulsions, nodding spasm, 
s. oculi. Synonym of nystagmus, s. ventriculi. 
Synonym of enteralgia and of gastrodynia. 

spastic (spas'-tik) IWcurriKos, spastic]. Pertaining 
to or characterized by spasm; produced by spasm, 
s. diplegia. See paraplegia, infantile spasmodic. 
s. paralysis. See paralysis, spastic. 

spasticity (spas-tis'-it-e) [spastic]. The state of 
being spastic. 

spathologic (spath-o-loj'-ik) [cnvaBav, to go fast; 
X670S, science]. Relating to rapid proliferation of 
leukocytes. 

spatial (spa'-shal) [spatium, space]. Relating to 
space. 

spatium (spa'-she-um). Latin for space. 

spatula (spat'-u-lah) [L.; dim. of spatha, a ladle]. 
A flexible blunt blade Used for spreading ointments. 

spatule (spat'-ul) [spatula, a blade]. A structure 
having a spatulate shape. 

spavin (spav'-in) . A disease of horses affecting the 
hock-joint, or joint of the hind leg between the knee 
and the fetlock, s., blood, a dilatation of the vein 
that runs along the inside of the hock of a horse, 
forming a soft swelling, s., bog, an encysted tumor 
on the inside of the hock of a horse, containing 
gelatinous matter, s., bone, a disease of the bones 
at the hock-joint, s., high, an enlargement on the 
upper and inner part of the hock. 

spay [Gael., spoth]. To remove the ovaries. 

spearmint (sper'-mint). See mentha viridis. 

specialism (spesh'-al-izm). See specialty. 

specialist (spesh'-al-ist) [specialis, particular, spe- 
cial]. One, especially a physician or surgeon, who 
limits his practice to certain specified diseases, or 
to the diseases of a single organ or class. 

specialty (spesh'-al-te) [species]. The particular 
branch of medicine or surgery pursued by a specialist. 

species (spe'-shez) [L.]. 1. A subdivision of a 



SPECIFIC 



817 



SPERM 



genus of animals or plants the individuals of which 
are either identical in character or differ only in 
unimportant and inconstant details. 2. A name in 
German and French pharmacy, and in the National 
Formulary, for certain mixtures of herbs, used in 
making decoctions and infusions, s.-cycle, the 
entire series of forms exhibiting or illustrating all the 
phases in the life-history of a species, s. emollientes, 
a mixture of the leaves of althea and mallow, of the 
leaves and branches of the melilot, of matricaria 
and flaxseed, in equal parts; used as an emollient 
cataplasm, s. laxantes. See tea, Saint Germain. 
s., morphological, one of "such living beings as con- 
stantly resemble one another so closely that it is 
impossible to draw any line of demarcation between 
them while they differ only in such characters as are 
associated with sex." (Huxley.) s., nascent, an 
incipient species; a form undergoing modification, 
s., origin of, a term employed by naturalists to denote 
the evolution of differentiated groups or species 
from groups of individuals characterized by general 
similarity or by homogeneity of structure. 

specific (spe-sif'-ik) [species; facere, to make]. 

1. Of or pertaining to a species, or to that which 
distinguishes a thing or makes it of the species of 
which it is. 2. A medicine which has a distinct cura- 
tive influence on an individual disease. 3. Pro- 
duced by a single microorganism, as a specific disease; 
in a restricted sense, syphilitic, s. gravity. See 
gravity, specific, s. neat. See heat, specific, s. 
remedy, a remedy peculiarly curative of a certain 
disease. 

specificity (spes-if-is'-it-e) [specific]. The quality 
of being specific. 

speciUum (spe-sil'-um) [L.: pi., specilla]. A probe, 
especially one of silver, armed with a button-shaped 
head, for exploring wounds, fistulas, etc. 2. A lens. 

specimen (spes'-im-en) [L.]. An example; a 
sample, s.-cooler, a small water-cell immediately 
under the specimen in microprojection, to prevent 
injury from the heat of the radiant. 

spectacles (spek'-tak-ls) [spectare, to view]. Framed 
or mounted lenses for the correction of optical or 
muscular defects of the eye; see lens, s., bifocal. 
See bifocal, s., orthoscopic. See orthoscopic. s., 
pantoscopic. A synonym of s., bifocal, q. v. s., 
periscopic. See periscopic. s., prismatic, spectacles 
with prismatic lenses, either alone or combined with 
spherical or cylindrical lenses, s., protective, lenses, 
usually tinted, to shield the eyes from light, dust, 
heat, etc. 

spectral (spek'-lral) [spectrum]. Pertaining to a 
spectrum. 

spectro- (spek-tro-) [spectrum]. A prefix meaning 
relating to the spectrum. 

spectrocolorimeter (spek-tro-kul-or-im'-et-er) [spec- 
tro-; color; fikrpop, measure]. An apparatus for the 
isolation of a single spectral color. It is used for the 
detection of color-blindness. 

spectrometer (spek-trom'-et-er) [spectro-; fikrpov, a 
a measure]. An instrument for determining the 
deviation of a ray of light produced by a prism or 
diffraction-grating, or for ascertaining the wave- 
length of a ray of light. 

spectrometry (spek-trom'-et-re) [spectrometer]. The 
use of the spectrometer. 

spectromicroscope (spek'-tro-mi'-kro-skop). See 
microspectroscope. 

spectrophone (spek'-tro-fon) [spectro-; 4>covrj, sound]. 
An apparatus devised by Painter and Bell (1881) for 
the production of sound by the rays of the spectrum. 

spectrophotometer (spek-lro-fo-tom'-et-er) [spectro- ; 
4>ws, light; tikrpov, a measure]. 1. An apparatus for 
determining the amount of color in spectrum-analysis. 

2. Helmholtz's apparatus for mixing colors, 
spectrophotometry (spek-lro-fo-tom'-et-re). The 

quantitative estimation of the coloring-matter in a 
substance by means of the spectroscope. 

spectropolarimeter (spek-tro-po-lar-im'-et-er) [spec- 
tro-; polus, pole; p-trpov, measure]. An instrument 
in which a spectroscope and polarizing apparatus are 
combined for the purpose of determinating the con- 
centration of solutions of substances that rotate the 
plane of polarized light. 

spectroscope (spek'-tro-skop) [spectro-; aKowelv, to 
see]. An instrument for the production and exam- 
ination of the spectrum. 

spectroscopic (spek-lro-skop'-ik) [spectroscope]. Per- 
taining to the spectroscope. 

spectrotherapy (spek-tro-lher'-ap-e) [spectro-; ther- 



apy]. Apery's term for the therapeutic employment 
of prismatically decomposed rays. 

spectrum (spek'-trum) [L., pi.; spectra: "an image"]. 
1. The band of rainbow colors produced by decom- 
posing light by means of a prism or a diffraction-gra- 
ting. 2. An after-image or ocular spectrum, s., 
absorption, a spectrum which contains dark lines or 
bands. These are produced in a continuous spectrum 
by the absorption of incandescent vapors, through 
whiai the light has passed, as in the solar atmosphere. 
s. analysis, determination of the nature of bodies by 
the character of their spectra, s., auditory. See 
phonism, photism. s., comparison, the arrangement 
side by side of the spectra of two different substances. 
s., complementary, a spectrum derived from bodies 
which change in chemical or molecular constitution 
before reaching a sufficiently high temperature to be- 
come luminous, s., continuous, a spectrum without 
sudden variations of hue, in which the various rain- 
bow or spectral colors merge gradually into one 
another, s., double, see s., comparison, s., line, 
the spectrum resulting from incandescent gas. It 
consists not of the various rainbow colors, but of 
sharp, narrow, bright lines, the color depending on the 
substance; all the rest of the spectrum is dark, s., 
normal, a spectrum in which the red color occupies 
about the same space as the blue and the violet. 
s., solar, the spectrum afforded by the refraction of a 
ray of sunlight. 

speculum (spek'-u-lum) [L.: pi., specula]. 1. A 
mirror. 2. An instrument for dilating the opening 
of a cavity of the body in order that the interior may 
be more easily visible, as vaginal speculum, rectal spec- 
ulum, nasal speculum, etc. 3. A tendinous structure. 
s. citrinum, ointment, s. helmontii, the central ten- 
dinous part of the diaphragm, the centrum nerveum. 
s. indicum, iron filings, s. lucidum. Same as sep- 
tum lucidum. s. matricis, womb-mirror; a vaginal 
speculum, s.-metal, an alloy of copper and tin. s. 
oris, an oral speculum or "mouth mirror." s. rhom- 
boideum, a rhomboid area formed by the tendon of 
the trapezius muscles at the level of the upper dorsal 
and lower cervical spines, s., Sims', a vaginal spec- 
ulum invented by J. Marion Sims. 

spedalskhed {sped-als'-ked) . A Scandinavian term 
for leprosy. 

speech [AS., sprecan, to speak]. 1. The faculty of 
expressing thought by spoken words; the act of speak- 
ing. 2. The words spoken, s. center, the cerebral 
center for speech. See center, speech, s., staccato, 
see scanning. 

spell-bone. The fibula. 

spelter (spel'-ter). Crude zinc; an alloy of zinc and 
copper. 

Spence's test. A tumor of the mammary gland 
can be distinguished from an inflammatory enlarge- 
ment by the absence, in the latter case, of any tume- 
faction, there being only the lumpy and wormy sen- 
sation of the swollen acini and ducts. 

Spencer's area. A cortical area in the frontal lobe 
just outside of the olfactory tract and anterior to the 
point where it joins the temporosphenoid lobe, as in- 
dicated by the crossing of the Sylvian artery. Far- 
adic stimulation of this area influences the respiratory 
movements, causing stoppage of the respiration when 
sufficiently intense. 

spend [dispendere, to lay out, to expend]. To 
ejaculate the semen. 

Spengler's bodies (speng'-gler) [Carl Spengler, Swiss 
physician, 1861- ]. Small particles resembling frag- 
ments of bacilli, found in tuberculous sputum, and 
having the same staining reaction as tubercle bacilli. 
S.'s method of t examining sputum, five Cc. of 0.4 per 
cent, of soda are added to 5 Cc. of sputum; 0.1 Cc. 
trypsin or pancreatin, and two or three drops of 
chloroform are then added. This is corked and in- 
cubated at body temperature. The tube must be 
agitated occasionally during the first few hours. 
Next day the supernatant fluid is poured off, and the 
residue used for making smears which are then exam- 
ined for the tubercle bacilli. 

Spens' syndrom^ [Thomas Spens, Scotch physician, 
1764-1842]. The same as Adams Stokes' disease, 
q. v. 

spent (spendere, to spend]. Exhausted; impotent, 
s. acid, a battery-acid that has become too weak for 
efficient action. 

sperm, sperma (sperm, sper'-mah) [airkpp.a, seed]. 
The semen, s.-ball, a spherical cluster of spermatozoa, 
s. -blastoderm, a blastodermic layer of formative 



SPERM-CELL 



818 



SPERMATOZOON 



spermatozoa, s. blastophore, the residual mass of 
the sperm-mother cell, s.-blastula, a spherical blas- 
tula whose surface is a sperm-blastoderm, s.-cell, 
a spermatoblast, s.-morula, a spermatic morula, 
s.-mother cell, Lankester's term for the spherical male 
germs of the malaria parasite as found in the mos- 
quito, s.-nucleus, the nucleus of a spermatozoon. 
s.-oil, an oil procured from the deposits in the head 
of the sperm-whale, s.-rope, a string of spermatozoa. 

sperm-cell. Spermatozoon. 

spermaceti (sper-mas-e'-te) [airkppa, seed; ktjtos, 
whale], C16H31O2C16H33. A white, semitransparent 
substance {cetaceum, U. S. P., B. P.), consisting of a 
mixture of various fats of which cetyl palmitate, Cie- 
H33(Ci6H3i02), is the most important. It is obtained 
from the head of the sperm whale, and is used inter- 
nally as an emollient and as an ingredient of various 
ointments. Ceratum cetacei and unguenlum cetacei 
B. P.) are prepared from it. See cetaceum. 

spermacrasia (sper-mak-ra'-ze-ah) [<rirkpfia, seed; 
acrasia]. 1. Imperfection of the semen. 2. Sper- 
matorrhea. 

spermaduct (sper'-ma-dukt) [sperm; ductus, a duct]. 
A sperm-duct, the vas deferens. 

spermagone (sper' -mag-on) [airepp.a, seed; yovda, 
generation]. Same as spermatogonium. 

spermagonium (sper-mag-o'-ne-um) [airkp/ia, seed; 
yovela, generation: pi., spermagonia]. Same as sper- 
mogonium. 

spermalist (sper'-mal-ist). Same as spermist. 

spermary {sper' -ma-re) [airepua, seed]. The ana- 
logue in the male of the ovary; i. e., the organ gen- 
erating the sperm-cells; in the higher animals, called 
the testis, or testicle. • 

spermatanergia (sper-mat-an-ur'-je-ah) [avkpp,a, 
seed; anergia]. Sterility in the male. 

spermatemphraxis (sper-mat-em-fraks'-is) [<rirkpp.a, 
seed; ep0pa£<.s, obstruction]. An obstruction to the 
discharge of semen. 

spermatic (sper-mat'-ik) [sperm]. 1. Pertaining to 
the semen. 2. Conveying the semen, as the spermatic 
cord. 3. Pertaining to the spermatic cord, as the 
spermatic fascia, s. artery, a branch of the aorta sup- 
plying the testicle, s. canal, see inguinal canal, s. 
cones. See cone. s. cord, the cord of arteries, veins, 
lymphatics, nerves, and the excretory duct of the 
testicle passing from the testicle to the internal ab- 
dominal ring. s. crystals, a variety of crystals formed 
in seminal fluid after prolonged standing; see under 
spermin. s. fascia, a thin fascia attached to the 
internal abdominal ring, and prolonged down over 
the outer surface of the spermatic cord. s. gelatin, 
a gelatinous substance found in the spermogonia of 
certain cryptogams. s. plexus, the pampiniform 
plexus, s. rete. See rete testis. 

spermatid (sper' -mat-id) [airkpna., seed]. A sem- 
inal cell. A cell produced by fission of a secondary 
spermatocyte. 

spermatin (sper' -mat-in) [sperm]. An odorless, 
mucilaginous substance found in semen. 

spermatism (sper'-mat-izm) [airepp.a, seed]. A dis- 
charge of semen. 

spermatismus (sper-mat-iz'-mus) [tnckpua, seed]. 
The emission of semen. 

spermatids (sper-mat-i'-tis) [airepiia, seed; itis, in- 
flammation]. Same as funiculitis. 

spermatize (sper'-mat-iz). To discharge semen. 

spermato- (sper-mat-o-) [airepua, seed]. A prefix 
meaning pertaining to the semen. 

spermatoal (sper-mat-o' -al) [o-wepp-a, seed; uov, an 
egg]. Pertaining to a spermatoon. 

spermatoblast, spermoblast (sper'-mat-o-blast, sper'- 
mo-blast) [spermato- ; pXaaros, a germ]. A cell result- 
ing from the division of the spermatogenic cell and 
developing into a spermatozoon. 

spermatoblastic (sper-mat-o-blas'-tik). Pertaining 
to spermatoblasts. 

spermatocele (sper'-mat-o-sel) [spermato-; K17X77, 
tumor]. A spermatic cyst or encysted hydrocele 
containing spermatozoa. 

. spermatocidal (sper-mat-o-si'-dal) [spermato-; cce- 
dere, to kill]. Destructive to spermatozoa. 

spermatoclemma (sper-mat-o-klem'-ah) [spermato- ; 
K\enp.a, a stealing: pi., spermatoclemmata]. Invol- 
untary emission of semen. A synonym of pollution. 

spermatocratia (sper-mat-o-kra'-she-ah) . Synonym 
of spermatorrhea. 

spermatocyst (sper'-mat-o-sist) [spermato-; kOittls, 
cyst]. A seminal vesicle ; a pathological cyst contain- 
ing spermatozoa. 



spermatocystectomy (sper-mat-o-sist-ek'-to-me) [sper- 
mato-; cystectomy]. Excision of a spermatic cyst. 

spermatocystic (sper-mat-o-sis'-tik). Pertaining to 
a spermatocyst. 

spermatocystitis (sper-mat-o-sis-ti'-tis). Inflamma- 
tion of the seminal vesicles. 

spermatocystotomy (sper-mat-o-sis-tot'-o-me) [sper- 
mato-; cystotomy]. Surgical incision of a seminal 
vesicle. 

spermatocytal (sper-mat-o-si'-tal). Pertaining to a 
spermatocyte. 

spermatocyte (sper'-mat-o-sit) [spermato-; kvtos, 
cell] . The germinal cell from which the spermatozoon 
develops. 

spermatogenesis, spermatogeny (sper-mat-o-jen'-es- 
is, sper-mat-oj'-en-e) [spermato-; yevems, origin]. The 
formation of spermatozoa. 

spermatogenic (sper-mat-o-jen'-ik) [see spermato- 
genesis]. Producing spermatozoa, as the spermato- 
genic cells of the testicle. 

spermatogenous (sper-mat-oj'-en-us) [spermato- ; 
yevijs, producing]. Producing spermatozoa. 

spermatogeny (sper-mat-oj'-en-e). The same as 
spermatogenesis. 

spermatogonium (sper-mat-o-go'-ne-um) [spermato- ; 
yovi), generation], A formative seminal cell or mass 
of spermatoblasts. 

spermatoid (sper'-mat-oid). See spermatozoon. 

spermatology (sper-mat-ol'-o-je) [spermato- ; \6yos, a 
treatise]. The sum of what is known regarding the 
origin, nature, qualities and characteristics of the 
seminal fluid. 

spermatolysin (sper-mat-ol'-is-in). A substance 
causing spermatolysis. 

spermatolysis (sper-mat-ol'-is-is) [spermato-; Xvais, 
solution]. Destruction or solution of spermatozoa. 

spermatomere (sper'-mat-o-mer) [spermato-; nkpos, 
share]. Any one of the portions into which a pro- 
nucleus of the fertilized ovum may divide. 

spermatoon (sper-mat-o' -on) [spermato-; uov, egg]. 
The nucleus of a sperm-cell or spermatozoon. 

spermatopathy (sper-mat-op' -ath-e) [spermato-; 
■koSos, disease]. Disease of the sperm-cells or of 
their secreting mechanism. 

spermatophobia (sper-mat-o-fo'-be-ah) [spermato-; 
<p6fios, fear]. False spermatorrhea; morbid dread of 
spermatorrhea. 

spermatophore (sper'-mat-o-for) [spermato-; 4>kpeiv, 
to bear]. 1. The part of the spermatospore that is 
not converted into a spermatoblast. 2. A semitrans- 
parent capsule surrounding a group of spermatozoa. 

spermatoplania (sper-mat-o-pla'-ne-ah) [spermato-; 
irXavT], a wandering]. A supposed metastasis of the 
semen. 

spermatopoietic (sper-mat-o-poi-et'-ik) [spermato-; 
iroielv, to make]. Pertaining to the production or 
secretion of semen. 

spermatorrhea, spermatorrhoea (sper-mat-or-e'-ah) 
[spermato-; poia, a flow]. Involuntary discharge of 
semen without sexual excitement, s. dormientum, a 
nocturnal emission of semen, s., false, when sperma- 
tozoids are not in the fluid; called also prostatorrhea. 
s., true, when spermatozoids are present. 

spermatoschesis (sper-mat-os'-kes-is) [spermato-; 
o-xeffts, suppression]. Suppression of the seminal 
fluid. 

spermatospore (sper'-mat-o-spor) [spermato-; a-n-dpos, 
seed]. A primitive cell giving rise by division to 
spermatoblasts. 

spermatotoxin, spermatoxin (sper-mat-o-toks'-in, 
sper-ma-toks'-in). See spermolysin. 

spermatovum (sper-mat-o' -vum) [spermato-; ovum, 
egg: pi., spermatova]. An impregnated ovum. . 

spermatozemia (sper-mat-o-ze' -me-dh) . See sper- 
matorrhea. 

spermatozoa (sper-ma-to-zo'-ah). Plural of sper- 
matozoon, q. v. 

spermatozoal, spermatozoan, spermatozoic (sper- 
mat-o-zo' -al, sper-mat-o-zo' -an, sper-mat-o-zo' -ik). Re- 
lating to a spermatozoon. 

spermatozoicide (sper-mat-o-zo' -is-ld) [spermato- 
zoon; ccedere, to kill]. 1. Destructive to spermatozoa. 
2. An agent destructive to spermatozoa. 

spermatozoid or spermatozooid (sper-mat-o-zo' -id, 
sper-mat-o-zo' -oid). Same as spermatozoon. 

spermatozoon (sper-mat-o-zo' -on) [spermato-; foov, 
animal]. The male element capable of fecundating 
the ovum. It consists of an oval head and a long, 
mobile cilium or tail. It is the essential element of 
the semen. 



SPERMATURIA 



819 



SPHENOPALATINE 



spermaturia (sper-mat-u'-re-ah) [spermato-; olpov, 
urine]. The presence of semen in the urine. 

spermic (sper'-mik). Same as spermatic. 

spermiduct (sper'-mid-ukt) [airkpua, seed; ductus, a 
duct]. A duct for the passage of semen; the vas 
deferens ._ 

spermin {sper'-miri) [sperm], C2H5N. A non-poi- 
sonous base obtained from sputum, human semen, the 
organs of leukemic patients, etc. It has been used in 
neurasthenia, senile debility, diabetes mellitus, and 
pulmonary tuberculosis. 2. A preparation of the 
testicles of animals, s. phosphate, constitutes the 
Charcot-Leyden crystals. 

spermism (sper'-mizm) [Wep^a, seed]. The theory 
that the animal is the result of the development of a 
spermatozoon, the ovum acting only as an accessory 
matrix. 

spermist (sper'-mist). A believer in spermism. 

spermoblast (sper' -mo-blast), see spermatoblast. 

spermocenter (sper-mo-sen'-ter). The sperm-cen- 
trosomes during fertilization of the egg. 

spermolith (sper'-mo-lith) [<rirepp.a, semen; \ldos, a 
stone]. A calculus in the spermatic duct or seminal 
vesicles. 

spermolysin (sper-mol' -is-in) [sperm ; \veii>, to loosen]. 
Metchnikoff's name for a cytolysin produced by in- 
oculation with spermatozoa. Syn., spermatoxin. 

spermolysis (sper-mol' -is-is). Dissolution of sper- 
matozoa. 

spermoneuralgia (sper-mo-nu-raV -je-ah) [airkpua, 
seed; vevpov, nerve; 0X705, pain]. Neuralgia of the 
testicles and spermatic cord. 

spermophlebectasia (sper-mo-fieb-ek-ta' -ze-ah) [a-irkp- 
pa, seed; 4>\&J/, vein; iKraais, distention]. Varicosity 
of the spermatic vein. 

spermoplasm (sper'-mo-plazm) [sperm; wXaaa-eiv, to 
mold]. The protoplasm of a spermatozoon. 

spermorrhagia (sper-mor-a'-je-ah) . See spermator- 
rhea. 

spennorrhea (sper-mor-e'-ah). See spermatorrhea. 

spermosphere (sper'-mo-sfer) [sperm; <r<paZpa, 
sphere]. A mass of spermatoblasts. 

spermospore (sper'-mo-spor). See spermatospore. 

spermotoxin (sper-mo-loks'-in). See spermolysin. 

sp. gr. Abbreviation of specific gravity. 

sph. Abbreviation for spherical ; also for spherical 
lens. 

sphacelate, sphacelated (sfas'-el-at, sfas' -el-a-ted) 
[sphacelus]. Necrosed; gangrenous; mortified. 

sphacelation (sfas-el-a' -shun) . The formation of a 
sphacelus; moist gangrene; necrosis. 

sphacele (sfas' -el). The uncorticated apical cell 
of the branches of certain marine alga?. 

sphacelism (sfas'-el-izm) [a<j>aice\os, gangrene]. 1. 
The condition of being affected with sphacelus. 2. 
Necrosis. 3. Inflammation of the brain. 

sphaceloderma (sfas-el-o-der'-mah) [sphacelus; 
Skpp-a, skin]. Gangrene of the skin, especially sym- 
metrical gangrene, or Raynaud's disease. 

sphaceloid (sfas' -el-oid) [<r</>cuceXos, gangrene; eZSos, 
like]. Resembling a sphacelus or gangrenous part. 

sphacelotoxin (sfas-el-o-toks'-in) [sphacelia, a stage 
in the growth of ergot; toxicon, a poison], C20O21H9. 
A yellowish, pulverulent body obtained from ergot, 
insoluble in water, soluble in ether, chloroform, al- 
cohol, and alkaline solutions. It is used as a tonic, 
astringent, and emmenagogue. Dosei-if gr. (0.032- 
0.1 Gm.). Syn., spasmotin; spasmotoxin. 

sphacelous (sfas'-el-us) 0<£d/ceXos, gangrene]. Per- 
taining to sphacelus; gangrenous; necrosed. 

sphacelus (sfas'-el-us) [<r0cuceXos, gangrene]. A 
slough. 

sphaeraesthesia (sfe-res-the'-ze-ah). See spheres- 
thesia. 

sphaerobacteria (sfe-ro-bak-te'-rah) . See spherobac- 
teria. 

sphaerobacterium (sfe-ro-bak-te'-re-um). See sphe- 
robaclerium. 

Sphaerococcus (sfe-ro-kok-us) [<r<j>aZpa,a ball; kokkos, 
a berry]. A genus of marine alga? of the order Sphtz- 
rococcoidece. S. compressus, said to furnish in part 
the Japanese isinglass or agar of commerce. 

sphaeroma (sfe-ro'-mah). See spheroma. 

sphage (sfaj) [tr<f>ayo, the throat]. The throat; the 
anterior portion of the neck. 

sphagiasmus (sfa-je-az'-mus) [a<payri, throat]. Ep- 
ileptic spasm of the muscles of the neck. 

sphagitis (sfa-ji'-tis) [a<j>ayr), the throat; ins, in- 
flammation]. 1. Inflammation of the jugular vein. 
2. Sore-throat. 



sphenencephalus (sfe-nen-sef'-al-us). See sphe- 
nocephaly. 

sphenethmoid (sfe-neth'-moid). Same as spheno- 
ethmoid. 

sphenic (sfe'-nik) [<r<t>r)v, wedge]. Wedge-like. 

sphenion (sfe'-ne-on) [a-^-qv, wedge]. The apex of 
the sphenoid angle of the parietal bone on the surface 
of the skull. See craniometric points. 

spheno- (sfe-no-) [acpyv, a wedge]. A prefix denot- 
ing pertaining to the sphenoid bone. 

sphenobasilar (sfe-no-bas'-il-ar) [spheno-; /Sdo-is, 
base]. Pertaining conjointly to the sphenoid bone 
and the basilar portion of the occipital bone. s. 
groove, the depression on the body of the sphenoid 
bone and the basilar portion of the occipital bone, 
upon which the pons rests. 

sphenoccipital (sfe-nok-sip'-it-al) [spheno-; occiput]. 
Pertaining to the sphenoid and the occipital bones; 
sphenobasilar. 

sphenocephaly (sfe-no-sef'-al-us) [spheno- ; K&t>a\ri, 
head]. A variety of monster in which the two eyes 
are well separated, the ears united under the head, 
the jaws and mouth distinct, and the sphenoid bone 
altered in shape, so that it is analogous in form to 
what is found normally in birds. 

spheno ethmoid (sfe-no-eth' -moid) [spheno-; eth- 
moid]. Relating to both the sphenoid and the eth- 
moid bones, s. recess, the groove at the back of the 
roof of the nasal fossa. 

sphenofrontal (sfe-no-frun'-tal). Belonging or re- 
lating to both the sphenoid and frontal bones. 

sphenoid (sfe'-noid) [a<$>i\v, wedge; eiSos, like]. 1. 
Wedge-shaped, as the sphenoid bone. 2. The sphe- 
noid bone. s. bone, see sphenoidale under bones, 
table of. s. sinus, see sinus, sphenoid. 

sphenoidale (sfe-noid-a'-le) [neuter of sphenoidalis, 
sphenoid]. The sphenoid bone. s. basilar e ant erius, 
the anterior portion of the body of the sphenoid, s. 
basioposticum, the lower portion of the body of the 
sphenoid, s. laterale posterius, the lateral portion 
of the sphenoid, sphenoidalia lateralia, the greater 
wings of the sphenoid. 

sphenoides (sfe-noi' -dez) [<r<j>r)v, wedge; el5os, like]. 
The sphenoid bone. 

sphenoiditis (sfe-noid-i'-tis). Inflammation of the 
sphenoid sinus. 

sphenoido- (sfe-noi-do-). The same as spheno-. 

sphenoidoauricular (sfe-noi-do-aw-rik'-u-lar) [sphe- 
noid; auricula, auricle]. Pertaining to the sphenoid 
and binauricular diameters of the skull, s.-a. index, 
the ratio of the minimum sphenoid diameter of the 
skull with the binauricular diameter, the latter being 
taken as iod. 

sphenoidofrontal (sfe-noi-do-fron'-tal) [sphenoido-; 
frontal]. 1. Pertaining to the sphenoid and frontal 
bones. 2. Pertaining to the sphenoid and frontal 
diameters of the skull, s.-f. index, the relation be- 
tween the minimum sphenoid diameter of the skull 
and the minimum frontal diameter taken as 100. 

sphenoidoparietal (sfe-noi-do-par-i'-et-al) [sphenoi- 
do-; parietal]. 1. Pertaining to the sphenoid and 
parietal bones. 2. Belonging or relating to the sphe- 
noid and parietal diameters of the skull, s.-p. index, 
the relation between the minimum sphenoid diameter 
of the skull and the maximum frontal diameter taken 
as 100. 

sphenomalar (sfe-no-ma'-lar). Pertaining to the 
sphenoid and malar bones. 

sphenomandibular (sfe-no-man-dib'-u-lar). Per- 
taining to the sphenoid and inferior maxillary bones. 
s. ligament. See sphenomaxillary ligament. 

sphenomaxillary (sfe-no-maks'-il-a-re) [spheno- ; 
maxilla]. Pertaining to the sphenoid and maxillary- 
bones, as the sphenomaxillary fossa, s. fissure. See 
fissure, sphenomaxillary, s. fossa, a triangular space 
at the angle of the sphenomaxillary and pterygomax- 
illary fissure, s. ligament, a ligament extending from 
the inferior maxilla, near the inferior dental foramen, 
to the spinous process of the sphenoid bone. 

sphenometer (sfe-nom-' et-er) [<r<t>vv, wedge; p.krpov, 
measure]. An instrument for measuring the wedge 
to be removed in osteotomy for curvature. 

spheno-occipital (sfe-no-ok-sip' -it-al) , see sphenoc- 
cipital. 

spheno-orbital (sfe-no-or' -bit-al) [spheno-; orbit]. 
Pertaining to the sphenoid bone and the orbit. 

sphenopalatine (sfe-no- pal'-a-tin) [spheno- ; palatum, 
palate]. Pertaining to the sphenoid bone and the 
palate, as the sphenopalatine foramen, s.-foramen, 
the spheno-palatine notch converted into a foramen 



SPHENOPARIETAL 



820 



SPHYGMOGRAPHY 



by articulation with the sphenoidal turbinated bone, 
s.-p. ganglion. See ganglion, s.-p. notch, a deep 
notch separating the orbital and sphenoid process of 
the palate bone; see notch. 

sphenoparietal (sfe-no-par-i'-et-al) [spheno-; par- 
ietal]. Pertaining to the sphenoid and parietal bones. 

sphenopetrosal (sfe-no-pe-tro'-sal) [spheno-; irerpa, 
rock]. Pertaining to the sphenoid bone and the 
petrous portion of the temporal bone. 

sphenopterygoid (sfe-no-ter'-ig-oid) . Pertaining to 
the body of the sphenoid bone and to the pterygoid 
process. 

sphenorbital (sfe-nor'-bit-al). See sphenoorbital. 

sphenosis (sfe-no'-sis) [a<f>r] v, wedge]. The wedging 
of the fetus in the pelvis. 

sphenosquamosal, sphenosquamous (sfe-no-skwa- 
mo'-sal, sfe-no-skwa'-mus). Belonging or relating to 
both the sphenoid bone and the squamous portion of 
the temporal bone. 

sphenotemporal (sfe-no-tem'-po-ral). Pertaining 
conjointly to the sphenoid and temporal bones. 

sphenotic (sfe-no' -tik) [spheno-; ovs, ear]. A part 
of the sphenoid bone, existing as a distinct bone in the 
fetus, and forming the parts adjacent to the carotid 
groove. 

sphenotresia (sfe-no-tre'-ze-ah) [o-<t>yv, wedge; rprjo-Ls, 
perforation]. A variety of craniotomy in which the 
basal portion of the fetal skull is perforated. 

sphenotribe (sfe' -no-trib) [spheno-; rplfieiv, to rub]. 
An instrument for crushing the basal portion of the 
fetal skull. _ 

sphenotripsy (sfe'-no-trip-se) [see sphenotribe]. 
Crushing of the fetal skull. 

sphenoturbinal, sphenoturbinate (sfe-no-ter'-bin-al, 
sfe-no-ter' -bin-at) . i . Pertaining to the sphenoid and 
turbinate bones. 2. One of the sphenoidal spongy 
bones situated cephalad of the body of the sphenoid. 

sphenovomerine (sfe-no-vo'-mer-in). Pertaining to 
the sphenoid bone and the vomer. 

spheral (sfe'-ral) [<r<j>alpa, sphere]. Like a sphere. 

sphere (sfer) [o-<j>aZpa, a sphere]. 1. A ball or globe. 
2. A space, s. of attraction, a clear spot in the cell- 
plasma, outside and close to the nucleus of an ovum 
undergoing mitosis. It contains the centrosoma of 
Boveri, and is the center of the formation of the am- 
phiasters in karyo kinesis (q. v.). s., embryonic. See 
s., segmentation-, s.- granule, a large granular cor- 
puscle found in serous exudations, s., hearing, the 
area in the brain which is supposed to be the seat 
of hearing. It is in the temporal lobe, s., motor, a 
region in the central nervous system which, when 
stimulated, gives rise to motion, s., protoplasmic 
primordial. See s., segmentation-, s., segmentation-, 
a nucleated cell derived from division of the vitellus 
in the process of segmentation, s., sensory, a sensory 
area of the central nervous system, s., vitelline, s., 
yolk-, the mulberry-like mass of cells that results 
from the fission of the substance of the ovum after 
fertilization, s., yeast-, in biology, an aggregation 
of certain sprouting forms of the genus Mucor. 

spheresthesia, spheraesthesia {sfe-res-the'-ze-ah) 
[<r<paipa, globe; ato-drjais, sensation]. Perverted feel- 
ing, as of the contact of a ball or globe-shaped body. 

spheric, spherical (sfer'-ik, sfer'-ik-al). Having the 
shape of or pertaining to a sphere, s. aberration. 
See aberration, spherical. 

spherobacteria (sfe-ro-bak-te'-re-ah) [<r<paZpa, sphere; 
bacteria]. The micrococci. 

spheroid (sfe'-roid) [a<paZpa, sphere; elSos, like]. 
Having the form of a sphere. A solid resembling a 
sphere, s., oblate, one in which the polar axis is less 
than the equatorial diameter, s., prolate, one in 
which the polar axis exceeds the equatorial diameter. 

spheroma (sfe-ro'-mah) [<r<j>aZpa, sphere; op.a, tu- 
mor]. Any spherical shaped tumor or protuberance. 

spherometer (sfe-rom'-et-er) [a<t>aZpa, sphere; ukrpov, 
a measure]. An instrument for determining the de- 
gree of curvature of a sphere or part of a sphere, 
especially of optic lenses, or of the tools used for 
grinding them. 

sphincter (sfingk'-ter) [a^lyytiv, to bind]. A mus- 
cle surrounding and closing an orifice, as the anal 
sphincter, the pyloric sphincter, etc. s. ani. See under 
muscle, s. antripylorici. See under muscle, s. guise, 
the constrictor of the pharynx, s. ilei, the ileocecal 
valve, s. intestinalis. See s. ani (internal) underra«s- 
cle. s. laborium, the orbicularis oris muscle, s. 
laryngis, the arytenoepiglottideus muscles of both 
sides surrounding the laryngeal opening, s. oculi, s. 
palpebrarum, the orbicularis palpebrarum muscle. 



s. oesophageus. See foramen, esophageal, s., oral, the 
orbicularis oris. s. pharyngolaryngeus, the inferior 
constrictor of the pharynx, the anterior cricothyroid, 
and the thyroid muscles considered as one. s. pylori- 
cus. See under muscle, s., third, of the rectum, a 
duplicature of the mucosa projecting well into the 
lumen of the gut from the right side, forming rather 
more than a semicircle, and involving more of the 
ventral than of the dorsal wall. It is also called 
Kohlrausch's fold. s. vaginae. See under muscle. 

sphincteralgia (sfingk-ter-al'-je-ah) [sphincter; &\- 
yos, pain]. Pain in the sphincter ani muscle, or about 
the anus. 

sphincterectomy (sfingk-ter-ek'-to-me) [sphincter; 
itcTonri, excision]. 1. Oblique blepharotomy; Stell- 
wag's operation for the dilatation of the palpebral 
fissure, or for blepharospasm. 2. -The surgical re- 
moval of the pyloric sphincter. 

sphincterial, sphincteric (sfingk-te'-re-al, sfingk-ter'- 
ik). Pertaining to a sphincter or to its function. 

sphincterismus (sfingk-ter-iz'-mus). A spasmodic 
contraction of the sphincter ani muscle, usually at- 
tendant upon fissure or ulcer of the anus, but occa- 
sionally occurring independently of such lesion. 

sphincterolysis (sfingk-ter-ol'-is-is) [sphincter ; Xwns, 
solution]. The operation of freeing the iris in ante- 
rior synechia. 

sphincteroplasty (sfingk'-ter-o-plas-te) [sphincter; 
irXaacreiv, to form]. The formation of an artificial 
sphincter by plastic operation. 

sphincteroscope (sfingk-ter'-o-skop) [sphincter; ano- 
irelv, to examine]. An instrument for making visual 
inspection of a sphincter. 

sphincteroscopy (sfingk-ter-os'-ko-pe) [see sphinc- 
teroscope]. Visual inspection of a sphincter by means 
of special instruments. 

sphincterotomy (sfingk-ter-ot'-o-me) [sphincter; tow, 
a cutting]. The operation of incising a sphincter. 

sphinctrate (sfingk'-trat). Contracted or con- 
stricted as if by a sphincter. 

sphingoine (sfin'-go-in) [a<t>lyyeiv, to bind]. A 
leukomaine derived from cerebral tissue. 

sphingomyelin (sfin- go-mi' -el-in) [o-<piyyeiv, to 
bind; fiveKos, marrow]. A brain-phosphatide allied 
to myelin. It is capable of being decomposed into 
neurin and a substance which is convertible into 
sphingosin. 

sphingosine (sfin'-go-sen) [a<f>eyyeiv, to bind]. An 
alkaloidal cerebroside occurring in brain-tissue. 

sphygmic, sphygmical (sfig'-mik, sfig'-mik-al) 
[o-<t>vyp.os, pulse]. Pertaining to the pulse. 

sphygmo- (sfig-mo-) [a<pvyp.6s, pulse]. A prefix sig- 
nifying pertaining to the pulse. 

sphygmobolometer (sfig-mo-bo-lom'-et-er) [sphyg- 
mo-; /36Xos, a throw; ukrpov, a measure]. An instru- 
ment for measuring and recording the force of the 
pulse. 

sphygmocardiograph (sfig-mo-kar' -de-o-graf) [sphyg- 
mo-; Kap5ta, heart; ypa<peZp, to record]. An in- 
strument for the recording of the movements of the 
pulse and the heart. 

sphygmocardioscope (sfig-mo-kar' -de-o-skop) [sphyg- 
mo-; KapSia, heart; o-noireZv, to examine]. Same as 
sphygmocardiograph. 

sphygmochronograph (sfig-mo-kro'-no-graf) [sphyg- 
mo-; chronograph]. A registering sphygmograph. 

sphygmochronography (sfig-mo-kro-nog' '-raf-e) . The 
registration of the extent and oscillations of the pulse- 
wave. 

sphygmodic {sfig-mo' -dik) [o-<j>vyp.6s, pulse]. Like 
the pulse; throbbing. 

sphygmodynamometer (spig-mo-di-nam-om'-et-er) 
[sphygmo-; Swapis, power; fxerpov, measure]. An in- 
strument for measuring the force of the pulse. 

sphymogenin (sfig-moj' -en-in) [sphygmo-; ytwav, 
to produce]. A substance isolated by Frankel from 
the suprarenal capsule, which causes increase of blood- 
pressure. It is used as an antidote in nicotine poi- 
soning. 

sphygmogram (s fig' -mo-gram) [sphygmo- ; ypanna, a 
writing]. The tracing made by the sphygmograph. 

sphygmograph (sfig'-mo-graf) [sphygmo-; ypa<peu>, to 
write]. . An instrument for recording graphically the 
features of the pulse and the variations in blood-pres- 
sure. 

sphygmographic (sfig-mo-graf'-ik). Pertaining to 
the sphygmograph. 

sphygmography (sfig-mog'-ra-fe) [o-<f>vyn6t, pulse; 
ypa<peiu, to write]. A description of the pulse, its- 
pathological variations and their significance. 



SPHYGMOID 



821 



SPINAL 



sphygmoid (sfig'-moid) [<r<t>vyn6s, pulse; elSos, re- 
semblance]. Resembling or having the nature of 
continuous pulsation. 

sphygmology (sfig-mol'-o-je) [sphygmo-; \6yos, trea- 
tise]. The branch of medicine dealing with the 
characters of the pulse. 

sphygmomanometer (sfig-mo-man-om'-et-er) [sphyg- 
mo-; manometer]. An instrument for measuring the 
tension of the blood-current or arterial pressure. 

sphygmometer (sfig-mom' -et-er) , see sphygmograph. 

sphygmometroscope (sfig-mo-mef -ro-skop) [sphyg- 
mo-; fxirpov, measure; a-Koireiv, to inspect]. An instru- 
ment used for listening to the pulse while the blood 
pressure is being estimated. 

sphygmo-oscillometer (sfig-mo-os-il-om' -et-er). A 
form of sphygmomanometer in which the systolic and 
diastolic blood pressure are indicated by an oscillating 
needle. 

sphygmopalpation (sfig-mo-pal-pa' -shun) . The pal- 
pation of the pulse. 

sphygmophone (sfig'-mo-fon) [sphygmo-; 4>u>vh, 
sound]. A sphygmograph in which the vibrations of 
the pulse produce a sound. 

sphygmoscope (sfig'-mo-skop) [sphygmo- ; o-Koirelv, to 
examine]. An instrument for showing the move- 
ments of the heart or the pulsations of a blood- 
vessel. 

sphygmoscopy (sfig-mos'-ko-pe) [sphygmo-; o-Koweiv, 
to observe], i. The art of tracing the pulse-curve by 
the sphygmoscope. 2. Examination of the pulse. 

sphygmosystole (s fig-mo-sis' -to-le) [sphygmo-; sys- 
tole]. That part of the sphygmogram produced under 
the influence of the cardiac systole upon the pulse. 

sphygmotechny (sfig-mo-tek'-ne) [sphygmo-; rexvy, 
art]. The art of diagnosis and prognosis by means of 
the pulse. 

sphygmotonograph {sfig-mo-to' -no-graf) [sphygmo- ; 
twos, tension; ypaxfreiv, to write]. An instrument 
which records simultaneously the blood pressure, the 
apex beat and the pulse. 

sphygmotonometer (sfig-mo-to-nom'-et-er) [sphyg- 
mo-; twos, tone; fikrpov, measure]. An instrument 
for use in estimating the elasticity of the arterial 
walls. 

sphygmous (sfig'-mus) [<r<f>vyfi6s, pulse]. Pertain- 
ing to or having the nature of a pulse. 

sphygmus (sfig'-mus) [a<f>vyfj.6s, pulse]. The pulse; 
a pulsation. 

sphyra (sfi'-rah) [a<f>vpa, a hammer]. The malleus. 

sphyrectomy (sfi-rek'-to-me) [sphyra; cktojut?, exci- 
sion]. Excision of the malleus. 

sphyrotomy (sfi-rot'-o-me) [sphyra; tow, a cutting]. 
Surgical removal of part of the handle of the malleus, 
or of the malleus or its handle together with a portion 
of the membrana tympani. 

sphyxis (sfiks'-is). See pulsation. 

spica (spi'-kah) [L.]. 1. A spike or spur. 2. A 
spiral bandage with reversed turns, s.-bandage. See 
under bandage. 

spice (spis) [ME., spice, spice]. An aromatic 
vegetable substance used for flavoring; a condiment. 
s.-berry, a popular name for Gaultheria procumbens. 
s.-plaster. See under plaster, s.-poultice, a poultice 
made from the mixture of a variety of spices, s.- 
wood. See fever bush. 

spicula (spik' -u-lah) [dim. of spica, a spike: pi., 
spicules]. A small spike-shaped bone or fragment of 
bone. 

spicular (spik'-u-lar) [spicula, a spicule]. Having 
the form of a spicule. 

spicule (spik'-ul) [dim. of spica, a spike]. A needle- 
shaped body; a spike, s., bony, a needle-shaped bone 
or fragment of bone, s.-sheath, the investment of a 
sponge-spicule. 

spiculum (spik'-u-lum) [L.]. See spicula, and 
spicule. 

spider (spi'-der) [ME., spither]. An arthropod of 
the class Arachnida. s. cancer, see acne rosacea, s.- 
cells, in biology — (a) Bacilli the flagella of which are 
present in such numbers as to give the microbes the 
appearance of minute spiders, (b) The characteris- 
tic cells of the neuroglia. They have numerous long 
and delicate prolongations, s., Menarody, a poison- 
ous species of Latrodectus found in Madagascar, s. 
nevus, see acne rosacea, s.-web, the web spun by the 
spider, formerly much used as a hemostatic, and also 
in some systemic diseases; used also as a moxa with 
the blow-pipe. 

Spiegelberg's sign (spe' -gel-berg). A sensation like 
that of passing over wet rubber, imparted to the finger 



which presses on, and moves along, the affected part; 
it is noted in cancer of the cervix uteri. 

Spiegel's line, lobe. See Spigelius' line, lobe. 

Spiegler's test for albumin (spe'-gler) [Edward 
Spiegler, Austrian dermatologist, 1 863-1908]. Acid- 
ulate the solution by the addition of acetic acid to 
remove the mucin; filter, and overlay the filtrate with 
a solution prepared by dissolving 8 Gm. of mercuric 
chloride and 4 Gm. of tartaric acid in 200 Cc. of water, 
and adding 20 Gm. of glycerol to it. In the presence 
of albumin a white ring will form between the two 
liquids. 

Spigelia (spi-je'-le-ah) [after Adrian van der Spie- 
gel; see Spigelius]. Pinkroot, a genus of plants of 
the order Loganiacece. The rhizome and rootlets of 
5. marilandica constitute the spigelia of the U. S. P. ; 
they contain a volatile alkaloid, spigeline, and are 
used as an anthelmintic against the roundworm. 
Dose 10-20 gr. (0.65-1.3 Gm.) for a child; 1-2 dr. 
(4-8 Gm.) for an adult, s., fluidextract of (fluidex- 
tractum spigelia, U. S. P.). Dose 10-20 min. (0.65- 
1.3 Cc.) for a child; 1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc.) for an adult. 

spigeline (spi-je'-len). An alkaloid said to exist 
in the anthelmintic species of Spigelia, of which it 
appears to be an active principle. 

Spigelian line, lobe (spi-je'-le-an). See Spigelius' 
line, lobe. 

Spigelius' line [Adrian van der Spiegel, Belgian 
physician and anatomist, 1578-1625]. The semi- 
lunar line marking the insertion of the muscular fibers 
of the transversalis abdominis into its tendon. S.'s 
lobe, a small triangular lobe on the under surface of 
the right lobe of the liver. 

spike (spik) [spica, a spike, ear of corn]. 1. That 
form of indeterminate anthotaxy in which the flowers 
are sessile, or nearly so, and arranged on a lengthened 
axis. 2. A sharp point, s.-lavender, a plant, Lavan- 
dula spica ; it yields oil of spike. 

spikenard (spik'-nard). A name given to the rhi- 
zome of various species of Valeriana. 

spiloma (spi-lo'-mah), see nevus (2). 

spiloplania (spi-lo-pla'-ne-ah) [airlXos, a stain; irkavrj, 
wandering]. A condition characterized by transient 
or wandering maculae of the skin. Also, a synonym 
of elephantiasis grcecorum. 

spiloplaxia (spi-lo-plaks'-e-ah) [o-irl\os, spot; 7r\&£, a 
broad surface]. 1. A condition marked by the spots 
symptomatic of elephantiasis. 2. A synonym of 
leprosy. 

spilus (spi'-lus) [o-n-ikos, a spot]. A mole or colored 
mark on the skin; nevus. 

spina (spi'-nah) [L.]. 1. A thorn. 2. The spine, 
s. accessoria ischii, an inconstant projection into the 
great sciatic notch at the junction of the ischium and 
ilium, s. angularis, the spine of the sphenoid bone, 
s. bifida, a protrusion of the spinal membranes through 
a congenital cleft of the lower part of the vertebral 
column, s. bifida occulta, spina bifida in which there 
is no protrusion of the spinal membranes, s. dorsalis, 
the spinal column, s. frontalis, the nasal spine, s. 
helicis. See crista helicis. s. Liaca, the iliac spine 
(anterior superior, anterior inferior, posterior superior 
and posterior inferior), s. ischiadica, s. ischiatici, s. 
ischii. See spine of ischium, s. mentalis, the mental 
spine; genial tubercle, s. nasalis, the nasal spine, 
s. nodosa, rhachitis. s. scapulae, the spine of the 
scapula, s. supra meatum, an elevation just above 
the superior angle of the mastoid process of the tem- 
poral bone. It appears to be the posterior part of 
the zygomatic line. s. tegminis, a bony process in 
the tympanum, just above the entrance to the mas- 
toid antrum, s. ventosa, a rarefying form of osteitis 
in which the bone is eroded or destroyed, and the sub- 
periosteal tissue and osseous marrow contain numer- 
ous small cells with transuded red blood-corpuscles. 
It is frequently a result of syphilis. 

spinal (spi'-nal). 1. Pertaining to the spine. 2. 
Pertaining to the spinal cord. s. accessory nerve. 
See under nerve, s. canal. See canal, vertebral, s. 
column, the vertebral column, composed of vertebrae, 
intervertebral cartilages, and ligaments, s. cord, 
the neural structure occupying the vertebral canal 
and extending from the atlas to the first lumbar ver- 
tebra, and terminating in the filum terminale. It is 
covered by the spinal membranes (the pia mater, 
arachnoid, and dura mater) and is divided into sym- 
metrical halves by the anterior and posterior median 
fissures. These halves are joined together by the 
anterior white commissure and the gray commissure. 
In the middle of the latter is the central canal, a con- 



SPINALGIA 



822 



SPIRILLOSIS 



tinuation of the ventricular cavities of the brain. 
Each half of the spinal cord consists of an internal 
mass of gray matter and an outer covering of white 
matter. The former is subdivided into the anterior 
and posterior horns, which are made up of ganglion- 
cells, nerve-fibers, and delicate fibrils, and a modified 
neuroglia, the substantia gelatinosa. The white mat- 
ter is divided by the two gray horns into three col- 
umns: the anterior, lateral, and posterior. These are 
again subdivided into distinct physiological tracts. 
Thus the anterior column includes the direct pyrami- 
dal tract (Tiirck's column) and the anterior ground- 
bundle, or anterior radicular zone, which is continu- 
ous with the adjacent part of the lateral column. In 
the latter the following tracts are distinguished: the 
crossed pyramidal, direct cerebellar, anterolateral 
(Gowers' tract), and mixed lateral tract. The pos- 
terior column contains the posteromedian tract (Goll's 
column) and the posterolateral or posteroexternal 
tract (Burdach's column). The spinal cord is the 
conductor of impulses from and to the brain, as well 
as a center for reflex acts. s. curvature. See lordosis, 
kyphosis, and scoliosis, s. epilepsy. See epilepsy, 
spinal, s. irritation, a form of neurasthenia charac- 
terized by pain in the back, tenderness along the 
spines of the vertebrae, fatigue on slight exertion, and 
occasionally numbness and tingling in the limbs, s. 
marrow, the spinal cord. s. nerves, the 31 pairs of 
nerves arising from the spinal cord, and grouped into 
8 cervical, 12 dorsal, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 1 coccygeal. 
Each arises by two roots, a dorsal and a ventral. On 
the dorsal root is the spinal ganglion. Beyond the 
ganglion the two roots unite to form, in the spinal 
canal, the mixed trunk of a spinal nerve. The anterior 
roots supply efferent fibers to all the voluntary mus- 
cles of the trunk and extremities, to the smooth 
muscular fibers of the bladder, ureter, uterus, etc., 
vasomotor, inhibitory, secretory, and trophic fibers. 
The posterior roots carry afferent impulses. 

spinalgia (spi-nal'-je-ah) [spine; ahyos, pain]. Ten- 
derness of a vertebral spine to pressure. 

spinalis (spi-na'-lis) [spine]. 1. Spinal. 2. A 
muscle attached to the spinous processes of the ver- 
tebrae; see under muscle. 

spinant (spi'-nant) [spine]. A drug or other agent 
increasing the reflex excitability of the spinal cord; 
strychnine is a spinant. 

spinate (spi'-nat) [spinalus, having spines]. Armed 
with spines or thorn-shaped processes. 

spindle (spin'-dl) [ME.]. A tapering rod or pin. 
A body having a fusiform shape, s., achromatic, 
s., cleavage, s., karyokinetic, s., nuclear, s., segmen- 
tation, the double cone-like appearance of the nucle- 
us during certain stages of karyokinesis. s.-cata- 
ract, a form of cataract characterized by a spindle- 
shaped opacity extending from the posterior surface 
of the anterior portion of the capsule to the anterior 
surface of the posterior portion of the capsule, with a 
central dilatation, s.-cell, a fusiform cell, s.-celled, 
having fusiform cells, a form of cell typical of certain 
morbid growths, especially sarcoma; fusocellular. 
s., central, the lining filaments spanning the interval 
between the centrosome at the completion of the 
prophase, s.-legged, having long, thin legs, s., 
neuro-muscular, small fusiform end-organs found in 
almost all the muscles of the body, s., nuclear, the 
cone-like appearance of the nucleus during certain 
stages of karyokinesis. s.-oils, lubricating oils. - s.- 
shanked, same as s.-legged. s.-shaped, shaped like 
a spindle; fusiform, s.-tree, see euonymus. 

spine (spin) [spina, a thorn]. 1. A sharp process 
of bone. 2. The backbone or spinal column, s.- 
ache, pain in or about the spine. _ s., angular, cur- 
vature of the spine, s., cauda equina of. See cauda 
equina, s., cleft, or cloven. See spina bifida, s., 
cruciate. See 5. of tibia, s., ethmoid, the spine on 
top of the sphenoid bone, s., filum terminale of. 
See filum terminate, s., frontal. See frontal crest. 
s., hemal, the part that closes in the hemal arch of a 
typical vertebra, s-, irritable. See spinal irrita- 
tion. s.,ischiatic. See 5. of ischium, s. of ischium, 
a pointed eminence on the posterior border of the 
body of the ischium. It forms the lower border of 
the great sciatic notch, s., mental. See genial 
tubercles, s., navicular, a pointed projection on the 
inner edge of the navicular bone, s., neural, the 
part that closes in the neural arch of the typical 
vertebra, s., occipital, external, the external oc- 
cipital crest, s., palatine. Sees., nasal, s., pharyn- 
geal, the ridge on the under surface of the basilar 



process of the occipital bone. s. of the pubes, the 
prominent tubercle on the upper border of the body 
of the pubes. s., pubic. See 5. of the pubes. s., 
railway, the designation given to a series of nervous 
symptoms developed from shock produced by a rail- 
way accident or from the concussion produced by 
constant travel, s. of the scapula, the plate of bone 
crossing the dorsum of the scapula and dividing it 
into two unequal parts, s., sciatic. See 5. of ischi- 
um, s., sphenoid, the spinous process of the greater 
wing of the sphenoid bone. s. of the sphenoid. See 
s„ sphenoid, and s., ethmoid, s. of the tibia, the 
elevation upon the upper surface of the tibia between 
its two articulating surfaces, s., trochlear, a small 
projection on the upper ventral part of the inner wall 
of the orbit for the trochlea, s., typhoid, acute in- 
flammation of one or more vertebrae following typhoid 
fever, s., zygomatic, a projection from the zygo- 
matic process. 

spinicerebrate (spi-ni-ser'-e-brat) . Furnished with 
a brain and spinal cord. 

spinideltoid (spi-ni-del'-toid). The part of the del- 
toid muscle arising from the spine of the scapula. 

spinifugal (spi-nif-u-gal) [spine; fugere, to flee]. 
Moving from the spinal cord. 

spinipetal (s pi-nip' -et-al) [spine; peter e, to seek]. 
Moving toward the spinal cord. • 

spinitis (spi-ni'-tis). See myelitis. 

spinitrapezius (spi-ni-tra-pe'-ze-us). The spinal 
part of the trapezius as distinguished from the cranial 
part. 

spinobulbar (spi-no-buV -bar) [spine; bulbus, the 
medulla oblongata]. Pertaining to the spinal cord 
and the medulla oblongata. 

spinogalvanization (spi-no-gal-van-i-za' -shun) . Gal- 
vanization of the spinal cord. 

spinoglenoid (spi-no-glen'-oid). Relating to the 
spine of the scapula and the glenoid cavity. 

spinol (spin'-ol). An extract of young, fresh spin- 
ach (Atriplex hortensis) leaves, containing about 2.6% 
of iron and occurring both as a liquid and as a powder. 
It is used in the spinach cure for children. Dose 1-8 
gr. (0.65-0.52 Gm.) several times daily, s. siccum, 
spinol in the form of a green powder.. 

spinomuscular (spi-no-mus r -ku-lar). Relating to 
the spinal cord and the muscles. 

spinoneural (spi-no-nu'-ral). Pertaining to the 
spinal cord and the peripheral nerves. 

spinose (spi-nos) [spinosus, full of thorns]. Pos- 
sessing thorns; or shaped like a thorn. 

spinous (spi'-nus) [spine]. Pertaining to the spine; 
spiny or spiniform. s. process, the apophysis or 
prominence at the posterior part of each vertebra. 

spinthariscope (spin-thar'-is-kop) [airivB-qp, 3. spark; 
a-Koirelu, to view]. An instrument devised by Sir 
William Crookes for demonstrating the physical 
properties of radium. It consists of a fluorescent 
screen in front of which is placed a small quantity 
of radium bromide, with or without a lens for examin- 
ing the scintillations. 

spintherism (spin'-ther-izm) [a-KivQepVZeiv, to emit 
sparks]. The sensation of sparks dancing before the 
eyes. 

spintheropia (spin-ther-o'-pe-ah) [aini>6r)p, spark; 
&4>, sight]. Same as spintherism. 

spintometer (spin-torn' -et-er) [ainvdrip, spark; pkrpov, 
a measure]. An apparatus for measuring the 
length of sparks in the Roentgen tube. 

spiradenitis (spi-rad-en-i'-tis) [awelpa, a coil; 
adenitis]. Unna's name for phlegmonous hidrosad- 
enitis. 

spiradenoma (spi-rad-en-o'-mah) [airelpa, a coil; 
&Srjv, a gland; 6p.a, a tumor]. Adenoma of the 
sweat-glands. 

spiral (spi'-ral) [airelpa, a coil]. 1. Winding like 
the threads of a screw, as a spiral bandage. 2. A 
curve having a spiral course, s. bandage. See 
bandage, s. canal. See canal, s. lamina. See 
lamina spiralis. 

Spirasoma (spi-rah-so'-mah) [o-irelpa, a coil; aup.a, 
a body]. A genus of bacteria of the Spirillacece 
having rigid cells without flagella. 

spirem, spirema, spireme (spi'-rem, spi-re'-mah, 
spi-rem') [airelpa, a coil; a twist]. The close skein, 
or mother skein, or wreath, of chromatin-fibrils in a 
cell undergoing mitotic divisions. 

spirillicidal (spir-il-e-sid'-al) [Spirillum; ccedere, 
to kill]. Said of an agent which is capable of de- 
stroying spirilla or spirochaetes. 

spirillosis (spir-il-o'-sis). 1. Any affection due to 



SPIRILLUM 



823 



SPIROBACTERIA 



Spirillum. 2. A disease of cattle in the Transvaal. 
s. of fowls, a disease of geese, ducks, guinea-fowls, 
turtle-doves, pigeons, and sparrows. The affected 
fowls exhibit diarrhea, loss of appetite, pale combs, 
and in acute cases die suddenly of convulsions. It 
is due to a spirillum which is transmitted by Argas 
persicus. The serum of animals which have recovered 
from a first attack possesses strong immunizing 
properties. 

Spirillum (spi-ril'-um) [spirillum, dim. of spira, a 
coil]. A genus of bacteria having a- spiral shape. 
See following table of spirilla, s.-feve . See relaps- 
ing fever. 



rectified (spiritus rectificatus, B. P.), contains 16 % of 
water, s. of salt, hydrochloric acid. s. of wine, 
alcohol. 

spirituous (spir'-it-u-us). Alcoholic; pertaining to 
alcoholic liquors. 

spiritus (spir'-it-us) [L.]. See spirit, s. aetheris 
nitrosi. See niter, sweet spirit of. s. chloroformi, 
is used as a carminative. Dose 10-60 min. (0.65- 
4.0 Cc). See also chloroform, spirit of. s. frumenti, 
whisky, a spirit obtained by the distillation of 
fermented grain, s. juniperi, gin or whisky with 
which juniper-berries and hops have been distilled. 
s. myrcise, bay-rum; a hydroalcoholic solution of 



TABLE OF SPIRILLA. 



Name. 



S. amyliferum (Van Tieghem) 

S. anserum (Sakharoff) 

S. aquatilis (Giinther) 

S. attenuatum (Warming) 

S. aureum (Weibel) 

S. beroliniensis (Neisser) 

S. bonhoffii 

S. cholerse asiaticae (Koch) 

S. concentricum (Kitasato) 

S. danubicus (Heiden) 

S. denticola (Miller) 

S. desulfuricans (Beyerinck) 

S. dunbarii (Dunbar and Oergel) . . 
S. endoparagogicum (Sorokin) 

S. fiavescens (Weibel) 

S. fiavum (Weibel) 

S. of hospital gangrene (Vincent) . 

S. jenensis (Ehrenberg) 

S. leucomelaenum (Perty) 

S. linguae (Weibel) 

S. litorale (Warming) 

S. luteum (Jumella) 

S. maasei (Van't Hoff) 

S. marinum (Russell) 

S. (Vibrio) metchnikovi (Gamaleia) 

S. nasale (Weibel) 

S. obermeieri (Cohn) 

S. plicatile (Dujardin) 

S. ( Vibrio) proteus (Finkler-Prior) . 

S. of pseudocholera (Renon) 

S. recti physeteris (Beauregard) . . . 

S. rosenbergii (Warming) 

S. roseum 

S. roseum (Mace) 

S. rubrum (Esmarch) 

S. rufum (Perty) 

S. rugula (Miiller) 

S. saprophiles (Weibel) 

S. (Vibrio) schuylkillensis (Abbot) 

S. serpens (Miiller) 

S. smithii 

S. sputigenum (Miiller) 

S. tenue (Ehrenberg) 

S. terrigenus (Giinther) 

S. tyrogenum (Denecke) 

S. undula (Miiller) 

S. violaceum (Warming) 

S. volutans (Ehrenberg) 

S. of Wernicke 



Where Found. 



Water 

Blood of septicemic geese 

Water (Spree) 

Sea-water 

Air, sewage 

Water (Berlin) . ". 

Water 

Dejecta of cholera patients; 

water. 

Putrid blood 

Water (Danube) 

Mouth 

Pit-water , 

Water (Elbe) 

Exudate of poplar tree 

Sewage 

Sewage 

Membranous pulp covering the 

ulcers. 

Water 

Water 

Tongue of mouse 

Bog-water 

Bog-water 

Water (Rotterdam) 

Sea-water 

Intestines of fowls 

Nasal mucus 

Blood in cases of relapsing fever. . 

Water 

Feces in cases of cholera nostras . . 

Well-water (Billancourt) 

Ambergris 

Brackish water 

Feces 

Blennorrhagic pus 

Water 

Well-water 

Water, mouth 

Sewage 

Water (Schuylkill) 

Water 

Intestines of swine 

Healthy mouth. 

Water 

Soil 

Milk 

Water 

Brackish water 

Marsh-water 

Water 



Character. 



Saprophytic. 

Pathogenic. 

Saprophytic. 

Saprophytic. 

Chromogenic (golden-yellow). 

Saprophytic. 

Saprophytic. 

Pathogenic, zymogenic. 

Saprophytic. 

Saprophytic. 

Saprophytic. 

Zymogenic. 

Saprophytic. 

Saprophytic. 

Chromogenic (yellowish-green). 

Chromogenic (ocher-yellow) . 

Pathogenic. 

Saprophytic. 
Saprophytic. 
Saprophytic. 
Saprophytic. 

Chromogenic (citron-yellow). 
Pathogenic. 
Saprophytic. 
Pathogenic. 
Saprophytic. 
Pathogenic. 
Saprophytic. 
Saprophytic. 
Pathogenic. 
Zymogenic. 
Saprophytic. 
Chromogenic (red). 
Chromogenic (rose-red) . 
Chromoparous (wine-red). 
Chromophorous (rose- to blood- 
red). 
Zymogenic (fecal odor). 
Saprophytic. 
Pathogenic. 
Saprophytic. 
Saprophytic. 

Saprophytic. 
Saprophytic. 
Zymogenic. 
Saprophytic. 
Chromophorous (violet) . 
Saprophytic. 
I Pathogenic. 



spirit (spir'-it) [spiritus, breath, from spirare, to 
breathe]. 1. The soul. 2. An alcoholic solution 
of a volatile substance. 3. Alcohol, s., adiaphor- 
ous, a liquid obtained by the distillation of cream of 
tartar, s., ammonia. See ammonia, spiritus, under 
ammonia, s., anise. See anisi, spiritus, under ani- 
sum. s., Columbian, deodorized methyl alcohol, s., 
corn-, whisky obtained by the distillation of corn, 
s., methylated, denatured alcohol, ethyl alcohol with 
one-ninth its volume of methyl alcohol, s. of Min- 
dererus, a solution of ammonium acetate, used as a 
diuretic, s., potato-, whisky obtained by the distil- 
lation of potatoes, s., proof-, diluted alcohol (alcohol 
dilutum, U. S. P.; spiritus tenuior, B. P.), containing 
about 41 % by weight of absolute ethyl-alcohol, s., 



various essential oils, and containing 0.8 per cent, 
of oil of myrcia. s. odoratus, Cologne-water, s. 
vini gallici (U. S. P.), brandy; a liquor obtained by 
the distillation of wine. (For other spirits see the 
different drugs.) 

Spiro's test (spe'-ro) [Karl Spiro, German chemist, 
1867- ]. A test for the determination of ammonia 
and urea in urine by the use of barium oxide and 
petroleum; it is based on the tests of Folin and Mdr- 
ner-Sjoqvist. 

spiro- (spi-ro-). 1. [airelpa, a coil]. A prefix mean- 
ing spiral. 2. [spirare, to breathe.] A prefix mean- 
ing relating to respiration. 

spirobacteria (spi-ro-bak-te'-re-ah) [spiro-; bacteria]. 



SPIROCHETE 



824 



SPLANCHNOSKELETON 



Spiral bacteria, including spirilla, spirochetes, and 
vibrios. 

Spirochete, Spirochaeta (spi'-ro-ket, spi-ro-ke'-tah) 
[spiro-; x^y, a bristle]. A genus of bacteria 
characterized by flexible spiral filaments. See under 
spirillum. S. duttoni, the cause of African tick 
fever. S. novyi, found in relapsing fever in South 
America. S. pallida, same as Treponema pallidum, 
q. v. S. pallidula, same as 5. pertenuis. S. pertenuis, 
believed to be the cause of yaws. S. phagedenis, 
an anaerobe obtained from phagedenic ulcers on the 
external genitals. S. plicatilis, occurs in stagnant 
water and is of large size, being about o.75m thick 
and 20 to sooju long. S. recurrentis, the spirillum 
of Obermeier found in the blood in cases of relapsing 
fever. S. refringens, occurs in primary syphilitic 
lesions along with 5. pallida. S. vincenti, found in 
Vincent's angina or ulcerative disease of the tonsils. 

spirochetosis {spi-ro-ke-to'-sis). An infection 
caused by a spirochete. 

spirofibrillae (spi-ro-fi-bril'-e) [spiro-; fibrilla, a 
small fiber]. The term applied by Fayod in his 
theory of the structure of protoplasm to supposed 
long, twisted, hollow fibrils constituting the proto- 
plasm and nuclei of vegetable cells and uniting to form 
the spirospartas (q. v.). Fayod asserts also that the 
blood-plasma consists of spirofibrillae and that they 
penetrate here and there into the hematoblasts. 
In this case Biitschli holds that Fayod mistakes 
coagulation of fibrin for spirofibrillae. 

spirograph (spi'-ro-graf) [spiro-; ypafaiv, to write]. 
An instrument for registering the movements of 
respiration. 

spirographidin (spi-ro-graf'-id-in) [awelpa, a coil; 
ypcupeiv, to write]. The hyalin obtained from spiro- 
graphin. 

spirographin (spi-ro-graf'-in) [airelpa, coil; ypa<f>eii>, 
to write]. A substance obtained from the cartilage 
and skeletal tissues of the worm, Spirographis. 

spiroid (spi'-roid) [spira, spire]. Resembling a 
screw; having spiral convolutions. 

spirometer (spi-rom'-et-er) [spiro-; p-'erpov, a meas- 
ure]. An instrument for measuring the quantity 
of air taken in and given out in forcible respira- 
tion. 

spirometric (spi-ro-met'-rik) [spiro-; p-'trpov, meas- 
ure]. Pertaining to the spirometer or to spirom- 
etry._ 

spirometry (spi-rom'-et-re) [see spirometer]. Per- 
tains to the measurement of respiration. 

Spiromonas (spi-ro-mo'-nas) [spiro-; povas, a 
unit]. A genus of biflagellate monads or free- 
swimming animalcules established by Perty (1852), 
now referred to Bodo (Ehrenberg) , Stein. 

spironema (spi-ro-ne'-mah) [spiro-; vrjpa., a thread]. 
Treponema. 

spirophore (spi'-ro-for) [spiro-; <j>kpeiv, to bear]. 
An instrument for performing artificial respiration. 

spirosal (spi'-ro-sal). Trade name of a mono- 
glycolic ester of salicylic acid, used externally in 
rheumatism and similar conditions. 

spirospartas (spi-ro-spar'-te) [spiro-; (nrapry, a 
rope]. The term applied by Fayod in his theo:T to 
twisted hollow strings the walls of which are formed 
by the twisting together of the fibrils or spirofibrillae. 
The cavities of the spirospartae and spirofibrillae are 
said to be filled in the normal condition by "granular 
plasma"; spirospartae pass from the protoplasm into 
the nucleus and vice versa, and also may be traced 
frequently from one cell into a neighboring one, so 
that the cell loses its value as a morphological and 
physiological unit. These results were obtained in 
vegetable cells, chiefly by injection with quicksilver, 
by which method Fayod believes he filled the cavities 
of the spirospartae and spirofibrillae with metal. Cf. 
spirofibrilla. 

spirulina (spi-ru-li'-nah) [spirula, from spira, a 
coil]. A spiral microorganism of spindle shape. 

spissated (spis'-a-ted). Inspissated. 

spissitude (spis'-it-ud) [spissare, to thicken]. 
The state of being inspissated. 

spit [ME., spitien, to spit]. 1. To eject sputum 
from the mouth. 2. Saliva. 3. A frothy secretion 
produced by certain insects as a means of protection. 

spittle (spit' -I). See saliva. 

Spitzka's bundle (spitz'-kah) [Edward Charles 
Spitzka, American neurologist, 1852-1914]. A 
tract of nerve-fibers which passes from the cerebral 
cortex through the pyramidal region of the crus 
cerebri to the oculomotor nuclei of the opposite side. 



S.'s nucleus, the central nucleus of the oculomotor 
group in the gray matter below the aqueduct of 
Sylvius. S.'s postorbital limbus, a welt-like pro- 
jection of the orbital surface of the frontal lobe into 
the middle cranial fossa. 

Spitzka-Lissauer's tract. See Lissauer's tract. 

Spix, angles of (spiks) [Joannes Baptist Spix, 
German anatomist, 1781-1826]. In craniometry, 
those angles formed: (1) between the alveolo-nasal 
line and the coronal line; (2) between the alveolo- 
nasal line and the nasobasilar line. S., horizontal 
plane of, in craniometry, the alveolocondylean 
plane. S.'s spine, the bony spine at the inner border 
of the inferior dental foramen, giving attachment 
to the sphenomaxillary ligament; the lingula of the 
inferior maxillary bone. 

splanchna (splangk' -nah) [ar-wXLyxva, viscera]. 
1. The intestines. 2. The viscera. 

splanchnapophyseal (splangk-nap-off-iz'-e-al) 

[splanchna; apophysis]. Pertaining to a splanchna- 
pophysis. 

splanchnapophysis (splangk-nap-off'-is-is) [airXa- 
yxva, viscera; apophysis]. An apophysis or out- 
growth of a vertebra on the opposite side of a verte- 
bral axis from a neurapophysis, and inclosing some 
viscus. 

_ splanchnectopia (splank-nek-to'-pe-ah) [aTrXayxva, 
viscera; iKroiros, displaced]. The abnormal position 
or dislocation of a viscus. 

splanchnemphraxis (splangk-nem-fraks'-is) [crirXa- 
yx"o-, viscera; ip.<ppa£is, obstruction]. Obstruction of 
the intestine. 

splanchneurysma (splangk-nu-riz'-mah) [splanch- 
no-; aneurysm]. Distention of the intestines. 

splanchnic (splangk' -nik) [ewXayxva, viscera]. 

1. Pertaining to or supplying the viscera. 2. A 
remedy efficient in diseases of the bowels, s. nerves, 
three nerves, the great, lesser, and least, or renal 
splanchnic, derived from the sympathetic system. 

splanchno- (splangk-no-) [airXayxva, viscera]. A 
prefix denoting pertaining to the viscera. 

splanchnoblast (splangk' -no-blast) [splanchno-; 
jSXacrros, a germ]. An anlage, proton, or incipient 
rudiment destined to take part in the formation of 
one or more of the viscera. 

splanchnocele (splangk' -no-sel) [splanchno-; koLXos, 
hollow]. 1. A protrusion of any abdominal viscus. 

2. Splanchnoccele. 

splanchnoccele (splangk' -no-sel) [splanchno-; koiXos, 
hollow]. That part of the ccelom which persists in 
the adult, and gives rise to the pericardial, pleural, 
and abdominal cavities; the ventral ccelom, or pleuro- 
peritoneal space. It appears as a narrow fissure in 
the parietal zone of the mesoblast. 

splanchnodiastasis (splangk-no-di-as'-tas-is) 

[splanchno- ; diastasis]. Displacement or separation 
of the viscera. 

splanchnography (splank-nog'-raf-e) [splanchno- ; 
ypafalv, to write]. The descriptive anatomy of the 
viscera. 

splanchnolith (splangk-no' -lith) [splanchno-; Xldos, 
a stone]. Calculus of a viscus. 
■ splanchnolithiasis (splangk-no-lith-i' -as-is) [splanch- 
no-; Xidos, stone]. The condition of calculus of the 
intestine. 

splanchnology (splangk-nol'-o-je) [splanchno- ; Xoyos, 
science]. The branch of medical science treating of 
the viscera. 

splanchnomegaly (splangk-no-meg'-al-e) [splanch- 
no-; pkyas, large]. Giant growth of the viscera. 

splanchnopathy (splangk-nop'-ath-e) [splanchno-; 
ttclOos, disease]. Disease of viscera. 

splanchnopleural (splangk-no-ploo'-ral) [splanchno- 
pleure]. Relating to the splanchnopleure. 

splanchnopleure (splangk' -no-ploor) [splanchno- ; 
TrXevpa, the side]. The visceral layer of mesoderm 
forming the covering of the digestive tube. 

splanchnoptosia, splanchnoptosis (splangk-nop-to'- 
she-ah, -sis) [splanchno-; tttoxtis, a falling]. A con- 
dition of relaxation of the abdominal viscera; it 
includes gastroptosis, enteroptosis, nephroptosis, less 
commonly hepatoptosis and splenoptosis. 

splanchnosclerosis (splangk-no-skle-ro'-sis) [splanch- 
no-; aKXrjpos, hard]. Visceral induration. 

splanchnoscopy (splangk-nos' -ko-pe) [splanchno-; 
anoireiv, to examine]. Visual examination of the 
viscera. 

splanchnoskeleton (splangk-no-skel'-et-on) [splanch- 
no-; skeleton]. That portion of the skeleton related 
to the viscera. 



SPLANCHNOTOMY 



825 



SPLENOPARECTAMA 



splanchnotomy (splangk-not'-o-me) [splanchno- ; 
rkfivetp, to cut]. Dissection of the viscera. 

splanchnotribe (splangk'-no-trlb) [splanchno-; rpi- 
fSew, to crush]. An instrument for crushing the 
intestine and so occluding its lumen, previous to 
resecting the intestine. 

splashing (splash' '-ing) [origin obscure]. Making 
a splashing sound, s. fremitus, a noise heard in 
succession in some cases of pleural effusion; it may 
be simulated by the presence of fluid in a distended 
stomach, s. in the stomach, a sign of atony of that 
organ. 

splay-foot. See talipes. 

spleen (splen) [aifK^v, spleen]. One of the ab- 
dominal viscera, situated just below the diaphragm 
on the left side, and connected with the hemato- 
poietic system. It is covered by a fibroelastic capsule 
from which trabecules radiate into the organ. In 
the spaces formed by these are found collections of 
lymphoid tissue (the Malpighian corpuscles) and the 
splenic pulp. The Malpighian corpuscles surround 
the small branches of the splenic artery. The 
splenic pulp consists of a delicate reticulum containing 
large connective-tissue cells, lymphoid cells., and 
red corpuscles. The spleen receives a large amount 
of blood, which in passing from the termination of 
the splenic artery to the beginning of the splenic 
vein is probably not held within walls, but comes in 
direct contact with the lymphoid tissue. The 
spleen normally weighs about 200 Gm. s., accessory, 
a detached portion of splenic tissue in the neighbor- 
hood of the spleen. Syn., splenculus. s., bacon, 
a uniformly lardaceous spleen, s., floating. See 
s., wandering, s., Indian, an indurated spleen 
sometimes found in Anglo-Indians, s., lardaceous, 
an enlargement of the spleen due to waxy degenera- 
tion, s.-pulp, the proper substance of the spleen. 
s., sago-, one of which the Malpighian follicles are 
the seat of amyloid change, s., wandering, one that, 
owing to relaxation of its attachments, is movable. 
s., waxy. See s., lardaceous. 

splen- (splen-) [<nr\r)v, spleen]. A prefix denoting 
pertaining to the spleen. 

splenadenoma (splen-ad-en-o'-mah) [splen-; ade- 
noma]. Hyperplasia of the lymphoid tissue of the 
spleen. 

splenaemia. See splenemia. 

splenalgia (splen-aV-je-ah) [splen-; aXyos, pain]. 
Neuralgic pain in the spleen. 

splenauxe (splen-awks'-e) [spleen; av^rj, increase]. 
Enlargement of the spleen. 

splenculus (splen' -ku-lus) [spleen]. An accessory 
spleen. 

splenectasis (splen-ek'-tas-is) [spleen; l/cratus, 
enlargement]. Enlargement of the spleen. 

splenectomize (splen-ek'-tom-iz) [splenectomy]. To 
excise the spleen. 

splenectomy (splen-ek' -to-me) [splen-; inTOM, 
excision]. Excision of the spleen. 

splenectopia, splenectopy (splen-ek-to'-pe-ah, splen- 
ek'-to-pe) [splen-; &ctottos, dislocated]. Displacement 
of the spleen. 

splenelcosis (splen-el-ko'-sis) [splen-; IX/«ocns, 
ulceration]. Ulceration of the spleen. 

splenelcus (splen-el'-kus) [splen-; eknos, ulcer]. 
An ulcer upon the spleen. 

splenemia, splenaemia (splen-e' -me-ah) [splen-; 
al/j.a, blood]. Splenic leukemia. 

splenemphraxis (splen-em-fraks'-is) [splen-; e/z<£pa£- 
1$, obstruction]. Congestion of the spleen from 
any cause. 

splenepatitis (splen-ep-at-i'-tis) [splen-; fiirap, liver; 
ins, inflammation]. Inflammation involving both 
liver and spleen. 

splenetic (splen-et'-ik). Splenic. Pertaining to 
the spleen; ill-humored; fretful; hypochondriacal. 

splenial (sple'-ne-al) [0-^X17 vlov, bandage]. 1. 
Serving as a bandage or splint. 2. Pertaining to 
the splenium or to the splenius. 

splenic (splen' -ik) [spleen]. 1. Pertaining to or 
affecting the spleen. 2. A remedy efficient in 
disorders of the spleen. 3. Affected with splenitis, 
s. apoplexy, s. fever. See anthrax. 

splenicogastric (splen-ik-o-gas'-lrik) [<nr\riviKbs, 
splenic; yaarrjp, stomach]. Belonging or pertaining 
to both the spleen and the stomach. 

splenicopancreatic (splen-ik-o-pan-kre-at'-ik) [<rir\ri- 
vikos, splenic; pancreas]. Belonging or pertaining to 
both the spleen and the pancreas. 

splenicterus (splen-ik'-ter-us) [spleen; icterus]. 



Inflammation of the spleen associated with jaundice. 

spleniculus (splen-ik'-u-lus). See splenculus. 

splenicus (splen' -ik-us) [spleen]. 1. Splenic. 
2. A drug acting upon the spleen. 

spleniferrin (splen-i-fer'-in). An organic iron 
preparation said to be obtained from the spleen. 

splenification (splen-if-ik-a'-shun). See splenization. 

splenified (splen' -if -id). Of a tissue, resembling 
the tissue of the spleen, as splenified bone-marrow. 

splenin (splen' -in) . An organo therapeutic prepara- 
tion made from the spleen of animals. 

spleniserrate (splen-is-er'-at) [cnr\i)VLov, bandage; 
serra, saw]. Pertaining to the splenius and serrate 
muscles. 

splenitic (splen-it'-ik). See splenic. 

splenitis (splen-i'-tis) [splen-; vtk, inflammation]. 
Inflammation of the spleen, s., spodogenous, that 
due to accumulation of waste-matter. 

splenitive (splen' -it-iv). Capable of acting upon 
the spleen. 

splenium (sple'-ne-um) [air\rivLov, a bandage]. 
1. A bandage. 2. The rounded posterior extremity 
of the corpus callosum. 

splenius (sple'-ne-us) [splenium]. Shaped like a 
splenium, as the splenius muscle or simply splenius. 
See under muscle. 

splenization (splen-i-za'-shun) [spleen]. The change 
in an organ, especially the lung, produced by con- 
gestion, whereby it comes to resemble the tissue of 
the spleen. 

spleno- (splen-o-) [inrh-qv, spleen]. A prefix de- 
noting pertaining to the spleen. 

splenoblast (splen' -o-blast) [spleno-; /3Xa<rr6s , a 
germ]. A ceil from which a splenocyte is derived. 

splenocele (splen' -o-s el) [spleno-; ktjXtj, hernia]. 
1. Hernia of the spleen. 2. A tumor of the spleen. 

splenocleisis (splen-o-kli'-sis) [spleno-; /cXeleip, to 
shut in]. Causing the production of new fibrous 
tissue on the spleen, as by friction with gauze. 

splenocolic (splen-o-kol'-ik) [spleno-; koKov, colon]. 
Pertaining to the spleen and the colon. 

splenocyte (splen' -o-sit) [spleno-; kvtos, a cell]. 
The cell peculiar to splenic tissue. 

splenodynia (splen-o-din'-e-ah) [spleno-; bdvvrj, 
pain]. Pain in the spleen. 

splenography (splen-og'-ra-fe) [spleno-; ypafaiv, 
to write]. The descriptive anatomy of the spleen. 

splenohemia, splenohasmia (splen-o-he' -me-ah) 
spleno-; alua, the blood]. Congestion of the spleen. 
Hyperemia of the spleen. 

splenohepatomegaly (splen-o-hep-at-o-meg'-al-e) 
[spleno-; i\-wap, liver; pkyas, great]. Enlargement of 
the liver and spleen. 

splenoid (splen' -oid) [spleno-; eUos, resemblance]. 
Resembling the spleen. 

splenokeratosis (splen-o-ker-at-o'-sis) [spleno- ; 
icepas, horn]. Splenic induration. 

splenolaparotomy (splen-o-lap-ar-ot'-o-me) . See 
laparosplenotomy. 

splenology (splen-ol'-o-je) [spleno-; \6yos, science]. 
The sum of what is known of the splenic structure, 
function, and diseases. 

splenolymph (splen' -o-limf) . Intermediate in 
character between the spleen and a lymph-gland. 
See glands, splenolymph. 

splenolymphatic (splen-o-lim-fat'-ik). Relating to 
the spleen and the lymph-glands. 

splenolymphoma (splen-o-lim-fo'-mah) . See splen- 
adenoma. 

splenolysin (splen-oV -is-in) [spleno-; lysin]. An 
antibody destructive to splenic tissue or cells. 

splenoma (splen-o' -man) [spleno-; d/ia, tumor]. 
Tumor of the spleen. 

splenomalacia (splen-o-mal-a'-se-ah) [spleno-; fia\- 
aKla, softness]. Softening of the spleen. 

splenomedullary (splen-o-med'-ul-a-re). Relating 
to the spleen and the marrow of bones. 

splenomegalia, splenomegaly (splen-o-meg-a'-le-ah, 
splen-o-meg'-al-e) [spleno-; neyas, large]. Enlarge- 
ment of the spleen, especially simple enlargement of 
the spleen without leukemia; by some it is considered 
merely as Hodgkin's disease of splenic type, s., 
tropical, kala azar. 

splenomyelogenous (splen-o-mi-el-oj'-en-us) . Re- 
ferring to the spleen and bone marrow; spleno- 
medullary. 

splenoncus (splen-ong'-kus). See splenoma. 

splenoparectama, splenoparectasis (splen-o-par-ek'- 
ta-mah, splen-o-par-ek'-ta-sis) [spleno-; eKraais, dis- 
tention]. Enlargement of the spleen. 



SPLENOPATHIA 



826 



SPONGE 



splenopathia (splen-o-path'-e-ah) . See splenopathy. 
s. leukocytheemica, splenic leukemia. 

splenopathy (splen-op'-ath-e) [spleno-; toBos, suffer- 
ing]. Any disease of the spleen. 

splenopexia, splenopexis, splenopexy (splen-o-peks'- 
e-ah, splen' -o-peks-is, splen' -o-peks-e) [spleno-; 7nj£is, 
a fixing in]. Fixation of a wandering spleen to the 
abdominal wall by means of sutures. 

splenophlegmone (splen-of-fleg'-mon-e) [spleno- ; 
<f>\eyfjLovri, inflammation]. Phlegmonous inflamma- 
tion of the spleen. 

splenophrenic (splen-o-fren'-ik) [spleno-; tppijv, 
diaphragm]. Pertaining to the spleen and the dia- 
phragm. 

splenophthisis (splen-off'-this-is) [spleno-; <pBi<ns, 
wasting]. Atrophy of the spleen. 

splenopneumonia (splen-o-nu-mo'-ne-ah) [spleno- ; 
pneumonia]. Pneumonia with splenization of the 
lung. 

splenoptosis (splen-op-to'-sis) [spleno-; vtuxtls, a 
falling]. Downward displacement of the spleen. 

splenorrhagia \splen-or-a' -je-ah) [spleno-; p-qyvwai, 
to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from the spleen. 

splenorrhaphy (splen-or'-af-e) [spleno-; pa<prj, su- 
ture]. Suture of the spleen. 

splenoscirrhus (splen-o-skir'-us) [spleno-; atdppos, 
hardness]. Cancer of the spleen. 

splenotomy {splen-ot'-o-me) [spleno-; renvew, to 
cut], i. The operation of incising the spleen. 
2. Dissection of the spleen. 

splenotyphoid (splen-o-ti'-foid) [spleno-; typhoid]. 
Typhoid fever with splenic complication. 

splenule (splen' -ul) . An accessory or rudimentary 
spleen. 

splenunculus (splen-ung'-ku-lus). Accessory 

spleen; lienunculus. 

splint [Swedish, splint, a kind of spike]. A piece 
of wood, metal, or other material for keeping the 
ends of a fractured bone or other movable parts in a 
state of rest, s., anchor, a splint used for fracture 
of the jaw. Metal loops fit over the teeth, and are 
held in contact by a rod and nut. s. bandage, an 
immovable bandage, s. Bavarian, coarse flannel 
is cut to fit the part, and stitched over the limb. A 
thick paste of plaster of Paris is rubbed upon the 
cloth to secure immobility, s. bone, the fibula. 
s.-box. See fracture-box. s., bracketed, a splint 
consisting of two pieces of wood or metal joined by 
brackets, s., interdental, an appliance used in the 
treatment of fractured jaws, s., poroplastic, a 
splint which can be softened with hot water and 
molded upon the limb, to harden and retain the 
shape when dried. 

splintage (splint' -aj). The application of splints. 

splinter (splin'-ter) [ME., splinteren, to split]. 
See sequestrum. Applied, also, popularly to a bit of 
wood or other material that pierces the skin, s.- 
bone. i. The fibula. 2. A term applied to one of 
the two small bones extending from the knee to the 
fetlock of the horse, behind the shank-bone. 

split. A longitudinal fissure, s. cloth, a bandage 
for the head with six or eight tails attached to a 
central part. s. pelvis, congenital non-union of the 
bones of the pubes at the symphysis. 

spodiomyelitis (spo-de-o-mi-el-i'-tis) [airoSios, gray; 
HveXos, marrow; ins, inflammation]. An acute in- 
flammation in the anterior cornua of the spinal cord, 
in which the larger multipolar ganglion-cells are 
destroyed. Poliomyelitis. 

spodium (spo'-de-um) [o-iroSos, ashes]. An old 
term for animal charcoal. 

spodogenous (spo-doj' -en-us) [awoSfc, ashes; yevvav, 
to produce]. Pertaining to or produced by waste- 
material, as spodogenous enlargement of the spleen, 
a swelling of the spleen produced by the accumulation 
of the detritus of red corpuscles. 

spodophagous (spo-dof-ag-us) [o-tto86s, ashes; 
^ayelv, to eat]. Destroying the waste-material of 
the body. 

spodophorous (spo-dof'-or-us) [<nro56s, ashes; <j>kpeiv, 
to bear]. Carrying or conveying waste-material. 

Spoendel's foramen. A small opening in the 
cartilaginous base of the skull between the ethmoid 
and the lesser wings of the sphenoid and the anterior 
ethmoid. 

spokebone (spok'-bon). See radius. 

spoke-shave (spok'-shav). A ring-knife, devised 
by Carmalt Jones, for use in operations on the nasal 
cavities. 

spondyl-, spondylo- (spon-dil-, spon-dil-o-) [o-w6v- 



5v\os, vertebra]. A prefix, denoting pertaining to a 
vertebra. 

spondylalgia (spon-dil-al'-je-ah) [spondyl-; &\yos, 
pain]. Pain referred to a vertebra. 

spondylarthritis (spon-dil-ar-thri'-tis) [spondyl-; 
apdpov, joint; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of a 
vertebral articulation, s. synovialis, inflammation 
of the synovial membranes of the articular process of 
the vertebra? (Huter). 

spondylarthrocace (spon-dil-ar-throk'-as-e) [spon- 
dyl-; apdpov, joint; icani), evil]. Caries of a vertebra. 

spondyle (spon'-dil) [o-irovdvXos, a vertebra]. A 
vertebra. 

spondylarthrosis (spon-dil-eks-ar-thro'-sis) [spon- 
dyl- ; 0-, out; apdpov, joint]. Dislocation-of a vertebra. 

spondylitic (spon-dil-it'-ik). Relating to spondyl- 
itis. , 

spondylitis (spon-dil-i'-tis) [spondyl-; vrvs, inflam- 
mation]. Inflammation of one or more vertebrae; 
Pott's disease, s. cervicalis, arthritis of one or more 
cervical vertebrae, s. deformans, chronic inflam- 
mation of the vertebrae, of a gouty or rheumatic 
nature, terminating in ankylosis and deformity. 
s. tuberculosa, tuberculous spondylitis; Pott's disease. 

spondylizema (spon-dil-i-ze'-mah) [spondyle; t^vp-a- 
a subsiding]. The settling of a vertebra into the 
place of a subjacent one that has been destroyed. 

spondylocace (spon-dil-ok'-as-e). See spondylar- 
throcace. 

spondylodidymia (spon-dil-o-did-im'-e-ah) [spon- 
dyle; 5l5vp.os, twin]. A form of somatodymia in 
which the union is in the vertebrae. Syn., verte- 
bradymia. 

spondylodymus (spon-dil-od'-im-us) [spondyle ; 
bvetv, to enter]. A twin monster united by the 
vertebrae. 

spondylodynia (spon-dil-o-din'-e-ah) [spondyle; 
oSvvr), pain]. Pain in a vertebra. 

spondylolisthesis (spon-dil-o-lis-the'-sis) [spondyle; 
6hL<r0r)o-i.s, a slipping]. Deformity of the spinal 
column produced by the gliding forward of the 
lumbar vertebrae in such a manner that they over- 
hang the brim and obstruct the inlet of the pelvis; 
especially the separation of the last lumbar vertebra 
from, and its slipping forward on, the sacrum. 

spondylolisthetic (spon-dil-o-lis-thet'-ik). Pertain- 
ing to or caused by spondylolisthesis. 

spondylolizema (spon-dil-o-liz-e'-mah). Same as 
spondylizema. 

spondylo myelitis (spon-dil-o-mi-el-i'-tis). See spon- 
dylitis. 

spondylopathia (spbn-dil-o-pa'-the-ah). See spon- 
dylopathy. 

spondylopathy (spon-dil-op' -ath-e) [spondyle; ir6ffos t 
a suffering]. Any disease of the vertebrae. 

spondylopyosis (spon-dil-o-pi'-o-sis) [spondyle; 
irvov, pus]. Suppurative inflammation of one or 
more vertebrae. 

spondyloptosis (spon-dil-op-to'-sis). See spondylo- 
listhesis. 

spondyloschisis (spon-dil-os' -kis-is) . Deficient ossi- 
fication in the arch of the fifth lumbar vertebra; 
this is said to be one of the causes of spondylolisthesis. 
The condition may affect one or both sides of the 
vertebrae. 

spondylosis (spon-dil-o' -sis) [spondyle]. Vertebral 
ankylosis, s., rhizomelic, spondylose rhizomelique; 
Marie's term for a variety of arthritis deformans with 
ankylosis of the vertebrae and arthritis of the hips 
and shoulders. 

spondylotherapy (spon-dil-o-ther'-ap-e). Spinal 
therapeutics; the treatment of diseased conditions 
by various manipulations applied to the spinal 
column. 

spondylotomy (spon-dil-ot'-o-me) [spondyle; tow, 
section]. Section of a vertebra in embryotomy; 
section of a vertebra in correcting a deformity. Cf. 
rhachiotomy. 

spondyl ous (spon'-dil-us) [spondyle]. Vertebral; 
like a vertebra. 

spondylus (spon'-dil-us) [spondyle]. A vertebra. 

sponge (spunj) [o-wbyyos, a sponge]. A marine 
animal of the class Porifera, having a porous, horny 
skeleton; also the skeleton itself, used as an ab- 
sorbent, s.-bath, the application of water to the 
surface of the body by means of a sponge, s., burnt, 
sponge-charcoal made from fine sponges cleansed and 
burned, then powdered and sifted through a No. 100 
silk sieve, s., compressed, a fine sponge cleansed, ex- 
posed to pressure, and dried, s.-gatherer's disease, 



SPONGEWORK 



827 



SPOROPLASM 



a disease of divers due to^a- secretion of a species 
of Actinia found in waters where sponges grow. 
This viscid excretion causes at the point of contact 
upon the body a swelling and intense itching, fol- 
lowed by a papule surrounded by a zone of redness 
which later becomes black and gangrenous and forms 
a deep ulcer, s.-graft. See graft, sponge-, s. holder, 
an instrument consisting of a rod which serves as a 
handle, furnished at the distal end with a device for 
clasping a sponge, s. prepared, a sponge rendered 
soft and elastic and suitable for surgical uses by 
soaking in cold water and separation of calcareous 
matter, s.-tent. See tent, sponge-, s. test, a hot 
sponge is passed up and down the spine; in the pres- 
ence of caries, pain is felt as the sponge passes over 
the seat of the lesion. 

spongework (spunj-werk) . Synonym of spongio- 
plasm. 

spongia (spun'-je-ah). See sponge. s. cerata. 
See sponge, waxed, s. compressa. See sponge, 
compressed, s. fiuviatilis, small sponges found on 
stones and on water-plants in streams, ponds, and 
marshy places, s. lacustris, a Russian variety used 
by homeopaths in the preparation of a tincture. 
s. officinalis, s. prseparata. See sponge, compressed, 
and s., prepared, s. usitatissima, sponges with fine 
pores cleansed and pressed, s. usta. See sponge, 
burnt. 

spongiform (spun'-je-form) [sponge; forma, a form]. 
Resembling a sponge. 

spongin (spun'-jin) [sponge]. The horny sub- 
stance forming the skeletal fibers of the sponge. 

spongioblast (spun'-je-o-blast) [sponge; pXaaros, 
a germ]. A variety of cell derived from the ectoderm 
of the embryonic neural tube, and forming later 
the neuroglia, s. of inner molecular layer of retina. 
See cells, amacrine. 

spongiocyte (spun'-je-o-slt) [sponge; kvtos, a cell]. 
Fish's term for the glia or neuroglia cell. 

spongioid (spun'-je-oid) [sponge; elSos, resemblance]. 
Spongiform. 

spongiopilin (spun-je-o-pi'-lin) [sponge; irXXos, felt]. 
Felted or woven cloth into which tufts of sponge are 
incorporated and one side of which is coated with 
rubber; it is used as a poultice. 

spongioplasm (spun'-je-o-plazm) [sponge; irXaaaeiv, 
to mold]. The fine, elastic protoplasmic threads 
forming the reticulum of cells. 

spongiose (spun'-je-os) [airoyyos, sponge]. Full of 
pores, like a sponge. 

spongiositis (spun-je-o-si'-tis). Inflammation of 
the corpus spongiosum. 

spongy (spun'-je) [airoyyos, sponge]. Having the 
texture of sponge; very porous, s. body, the corpus 
spongiosum, s. bones, bones having a porous, 
reticulated structure, especially the turbinated bones 
of the nose, and the sphenoid and ethmoid bones, 
s. portion of the urethra, that contained in the corpus 
spongiosum of the penis. 

spontaneous (spon-la'-ne-us) [spons, will]. Volun- 
tary; occurring without extraneous impulse; auto- 
matic. 

spoon. An instrument consisting of an oval or 
circular bowl fixed to a handle; it is used in surgery 
to scrape away dead tissue, granulations, etc. s.- 
nail, a nail with a concave outer surface. 

spoonful. A spoon is full when the contained liquid 
comes up to but does not show a curve above the 
upper edge or rim of the bowl. A teaspoonful equals 
5 Cc; a dessertspoonful, 10 Cc; a tablespoonful, 
15 Cc. 

spora (spo'-rah) [L.]. See spore. 

sporadic (spor-ad'-ik) [o-n-opaScKos, scattered]. Scat- 
tered; occurring in an isolated manner, s. cholera, 
cholera morbus. 

sporadoneure (spor-ad'-o-nur) [ffwopas, scattered; 
vevpov, a nerve]. An isolated nerve-cell. 

sporangia (spor-an'-je-ah). Plural of sporangium. 

sporangial {spor-an'-je-al). Relating to a spor- 
angium. 

sporangium {spor-an'-je-um) [spore; kyyelov, a 
vessel; pi., sporangia]. In biology, a capsule pro- 
ducing or inclosing spores. 

sporation (spor-a'-shun) [avopos, seed]. See sporu- 
lation. 

spore (spor) [oirbpos, seed], i. A reproductive 
body of a cryptogam. 2. Any germ or reproductive 
element less organized than a true cell; also any 
spermatic or ovulary cell, s.-capsule, a spore-case. 
s.-case, the sporangium or covering of a spore. 



s.-cell, a spore, s., compound, a spore that produced 
secondary spores, s., daughter, a spore produced 
in a mother-cell, s.-formation, the origination of 
spores, s.-group. Same as sporidesm. s., inactive, 
a non-motile fertile cell, s., mother-, a mother-cell. 
s., naked, a gymnospore. s.-plasm, the protoplasm 
of a sporangium, s., primary, a spore the germina- 
tion of which produces a prothallium; a protospore. 
s.-sac, the sac lining the cavity of the sporangium of 
mosses; see sporangium, s., secondary, a merispore; 
cf. s. compound, s., swarm, a spore endowed with 
the power of locomotion. 

sporicidal (spor-is'-i-dal) [spore; ccedere, to kill]. 
Destructive to spores. 

sporicide (spor'-e-sid) [spore; ccedere, to kill]. 
Any agent which destroys spores. 

sporidesm (spor'-id-ezm) [spore; dkanv, a bundle]. 
In biology, a septate or compound spore. 

sporidium (spor-id'-e-um) [spore; Idiov, a dim.; 
pi., sporidia]. i. In biology, a spore borne upon a 
promycelium. 2. A provisional genus of Sporozoa. 
S. vaccinale, Funck, a species of sporozoa occurring 
as: (i) small, spheric, highly refractive bodies 
(2-10 ft), of green color and slow movement; (2) small 
refracting spheres inclosed in capsules; (3) morula 
masses or spore-casts. They can be cultivated and 
the culture produces typical vaccinia when inoculated 
in calves. 

sporiferous (spor-if'-er-us) [spore; ferre, to bear]. 
Spore-bearing. 

sporification (spor-if-ik-a'-shun). The formation 
of spores. 

sporiparous (spor-ip'-ar-us) [spore; par ere, to 
produce]. In biology, reproducing by means of 
spores. 

sporo- (spor-o-) [spore], A prefix meaning relating 
to a spore or seed. 

sporoblast (spor'-o-blast) [sporo-; /3Xa<rr6j, a germ]. 
One of the four round bodies produced by the pro- 
cess of endogenous cell-formation in a coccidium. 

sporocyst (spor'-o-sist) [sporo-; wans, a bag]. 

1. The mother-cell of a spore. 2. That stage of a 
sporozoon resulting from the development of a sporo- 
blast and in its turn giving rise to two sporozoites. 

sporocyte (spor'-o-slt) [spore; kvtos, a hollow]. 
In biology, the mother-cell of a spore; a sporocyst. 

sporoderm (spor'-o-derm) [spore; Sepfta, skin]. 
In biology, the coat of a spore, including exospore and 
endospore. 

sporoduct (spor'-o-dukt) [spore; ducere, to lead]. 
A passage through which spores are conducted. 

sporogenesis {spor-o- j en' -es-is) [sporo-; ykv&ris, 
generation]. The development of spores; repro- 
duction by spores. 

sporogenous (spor-oj'-en-us) [spore; yevrjs, pro- 
ducing]. In biology, spore-producing. 

sporogeny (spor-oj'-en-e). Same as sporogenesis, 
q. v. 

sporogone (spor'-o-gon). Same as sporogonium. 

sporogonium (spor-o-go'-ne-um) [spore; ybvt\, gen- 
eration; pi., sporogonia]. In biology, the nonsexual 
generation of a moss, proceeding from the fertilized 
oosphore; also called sporogone. 

sporogony (spor-og'-o-ne). 1. See sporogenesis. 

2. A form of exogenous sporulation; an oocyst con- 
taining a sporont divides into four sporoblasts, which 
ripen into sporocysts and in turn divide into a cres- 
centic nucleated body, the sporozoite. It occurs 
among coccidia. Cf. schizogony. 

sporont (spor'-ont) [sporo-; &v, being]. 1. In 
biology a gregarine without an epimerite, as dis- 
tinguished from a cephalont. 2. Schaudinn's term 
for the single-celled contents of the coccidial oocyst. 
Cf. schizont. 

sporophore (spor'-o-for) [sporo-; <pepeiv, to bear]. 
That portion of a fungus bearing the spores. 

sporophyl, sporophyll, sporophyllum (spor'-o-fil, 
spor-o-fil'-um) [spore; 4>b\\ov, leaf]. In biology, the 
modified leaf which bears the spores, or receptacles 
holding the spores, in many of the vascular crypto- 
gams ; the fertile leaf. 

sporophyte (spor'-o-fit) [spore; <pvr6v, plant]. 
In biology, the nonsexual generation of one of the 
vascular cryptogams and higher cellular cryptogams. 
It is often of great size and extended length of life, 
and is that which is commonly known as the fern, 
clubmoss, etc. On it are produced, without any 
process of fertilization, the spores. 

sporoplasm (spor'-o-plazm) [sporo-; ir\ao-crei.i>, to 
form]. The cytoplasm of the asexual reproductive cell. 



SPOROTHECA 



828 



SPUTUM 



sporotheca (spor-o-the'-kah) [sporo-; 9tikv, a case]. 
i. See sporangium. 2. The envelope of the sporu- 
lating cell. 

sporothrix. See sporotrichum. 

sporotrichosis {spor-o-trik-o' -sis) . Infection by 
sporothrix, producing indolent subcutaneous ab- 
scesses. 

Sporotrichum {spo-rot' -rik-um) [spore; 0pi£, hair]. 
A genus of fungi, some of whose members such as 
5. beurmanni and 5. schenkii give rise to sporo- 
trichosis. 

Sporozoa (spor-o-zo'-ah) [sporo-; $u>ov, an animal]. 
A class of parasitic Protozoa subdivided into the 
Gregarinidea, parasitic in various worms and arthro- 
pods; the Coccididea or oviform psorosperms, para- 
sitic in the hepatic and intestinal epithelium of various 
mammals, including man; the Sarcosporidia, or tubuli- 
form psorosperms, parasitic in the muscles of various 
animals; the Myxosporidia, the psorosperms of fishes; 
the Microsporidia, the psorosperms of articulates. 

sporozoite (spor-o-zo'-it) [see Sporozoa]. The 
sickle-shaped, nucleated organism which results 
from the division of a sporocyst among the sporozoa. 
Syn., germinal rod; zygotoblast; gametoblast. 

sporozooid (spor-o-zo'-oid) [spore; zooid, animal- 
like]. 1. One of the two "sickle-cells" or "falciform 
bodies" produced by every spore of the true coccidia. 
2. Any oospore. 

sporozoon (spor-o-zo'-on) [see Sporozoa]. In bi- 
ology, a member of the sporozoa. 

sport. An animal or plant that exhibits decided 
variation from the normal type. 

sporular {spor'-u-lar). Having the character of a 
sporule. 

sporulation (spor-u-la'-shun) [spore]. The pro- 
duction of spores, s., arthrogenous, the change of 
bacteria into resistant forms, which are capable of 
germinating again under favorable conditions. 

sporule (spor'-ul) [airbpos, seed]. A term applied 
to a minute spore; also sometimes to minute granules 
within a spore. 

sporuliferous (spor-u-lif-er-us) [sporule; ferre, to 
bear]. Bearing sporules. 

spot [ME.]. See macule, s.s, acoustic. See 
macules acusticce under macula, s.s, Bitot's, xerosis 
conjunctiva?; silver-gray, shiny, triangular spots on 
both sides of the cornea, within the region of the 
palpebral aperture, consisting of dried epithelium, 
flaky masses, and microorganisms. They are ob- 
served in some cases of hemeralopia. s., blind (of 
Mariotte), the entrance of the optic nerve where the 
rods and the cones are absent, s., blue (of the 
integument), a tegumentary spot over the sacral 
region characteristic of the Mongolian race; due to 
aggregations of long, spindle-shaped, and stellate 
cells in the cutis containing pigment. It appears in 
the fourth month of fetal life and persists sometimes 
to the seventh year, s., corneal, an opacity of the 
cornea; leukoma, s.s, cribriform, the perforations 
of the fovea hemisphaerica for the passage of the 
filaments of the auditory nerve. Syn., macula 
cribrosa. s.-disease. See Pebrine. s., embryonic, 
the nucleolus of the ovum, s.s, genital, nasal parts 
which show increased sensitiveness during men- 
struation, s., germinal, s., germ-. See s., embry- 
onic, s., hectic, the bright flush on the cheeks of a 
person suffering from hectic _ fever, s.s, Koplik's. 
See Koplik's spots, s.s, lenticular. See s.s., rose. 
s., light (on the membrana tympani), a cone of light 
on the anterior and inferior part of the tympanic 
membrane, with its apex directed inward, s., 
Mariotte's, the optic disc, s., milk-, a spot found 
postmortem on the external surface of the visceral 
layer of the pericardium, usually over the right 
ventricle; it varies from one-half to one inch in 
diameter, and is of common occurrence in persons 
who have passed middle life, s., mother's, nevus. 
s.s, rose, a red papulous eruption forming spots the 
size of a small lentil, effaced by pressure of the 
finger and occurring mostly on the abdomen and 
loins during the first seven days of typhoid fever. 
They are due to inflammation of the papillary layer 
of the skin from invasion of typhoid bacilli. Syn., 
typhoid roseola; typhoid spots; Fr., tache rosees lenti- 
culaires. Cf. tache bleuatre. s.s, soldiers'. Same 
as macula lutea. s., Soemmering's. See macula 
lutea. s.s, sun. See lentigo, s.s, typhoid. See s.s, 
rose. s. of Wagner, the embryonic spot, s.s, 
white, grayish or yellowish-white elevated spots from 
the size of a pin-head to that of a one-cent piece, of 



varying shape and distinctness of outline, often 
occurring on the ventricular surface of the anterior 
leaflet of the mitral valve, s., wine-, port-wine mark; 
strawberry mark, s., yellow. See macula lutea. 

spotted fever. 1. Cerebrospinal fever. 2. Ty- 
phus. 3. Tick fever, s. sickness. See pinta dis- 
ease. 

sprain (spran) [OF., espreindre, from L., exprimere, 
to press out]. A wrenching of a joint, producing a 
stretching or laceration of the ligaments, s.-fracture, 
an injury in which a tendon together with a shell of 
bone is torn from its attachment, s., riders', a 
sprain of the adductor longus muscle of the thigh, 
resulting from a sudden effort on the part of the horse- 
man to maintain his seat owing to some unexpected 
movement of his horse. 

spray (spra) . A liquid blown into minute particles 
by a strong current of air. s.-cure, a form of douche 
applied by means of a spraying apparatus. 

Sprengel's deformity [Otto Gerhard Carl Sprengel, 
German surgeon, 1852- ]. Congenital upward 
displacement of one scapula. 

sprew (sproo). See sprue. 

spring [ME.]. The first of the four seasons of the 
year; also, a device having resiliency., s. conjunc- 
tivitis. See vernal conjunctivitis, s. fever, lassitude. 
s.-finger, a condition in which there is an obstruction 
to flexion and extension of one or more fingers at a 
certain stage of these movements. It is due to 
injuries or may result from inflammation of the 
tendinous sheaths, s.-halt, an involuntary con- 
vulsive movement of the muscles 6f either hind leg in 
the horse, by which the leg is suddenly and unduly 
raised from the ground and lowered again with 
unnatural force, s.-knee, a condition of the knee 
similar in general features to the condition known as 
spring-finger. Just before full extension of the joint 
is reached there is a slight hitch, and then the limb 
straightens itself with a sharp, rather painful jerk. 
s.-ligament, the inferior calcaneoscaphoid ligament 
of the sole of the foot, s.-nail, a hangnail, s. 
ophthalmia. See vernal conjunctivitis, s.-worm. 
See oxyuris vermicularis. 

sprue. 1. Thrush. 2. The name given by the 
Dutch in Java to aphthae tropicae (q. v.); a chronic 
catarrhal inflammation of the entire alimentary 
tract, especially prevalent in Malaya. Syn., Ceylon 
sore mouth; diarrhcea alba; sprouw; tropical sprue. 

sprung knee. In the horse an alteration in the 
direction and articulation of the bones which form the 
various carpal joints, so that instead of forming a 
vertical line from the distal end of the forearm to 
the cannon-bone, the knee (wrist) is more or less 
bent forward. 

spud [Dan., spyd, a spear]. 1. An instrument 
used in the detachment of the mucosa in flaps in 
operations necessitating the removal of bone. 2. A 
short flattened blade used to dislodge a foreign 
substance. 

spunk (spungk). Surgeon's agaric saturated with 
potassium nitrate. See under agaric. 

spur (sper) [ME., spure]. 1. A sharp point or 
projection. 2. The angle made by any branch with 
the main blood-vessel. 3- In biology, a pointed, 
spine-like outgrowth, either of the integument or a 
projecting appendage. 4. Ergot, s.-blind, myopic. 
s.-gall, a callous and hairless place on the side of a 
horse, caused by the use of a spur. s. of the septum, 
an outgrowth of the nasal septum. 

spurge (sperj) [ME., sporgeon, spurge]. A general 
name for plants of the genus Euphorbia. 

spurious (spu'-re-us) [spurius, false]. Not legit- 
imate ; bastard, s. labor, see false pains, s. melano- 
sis, see miners' phthisis, s. pregnancy, see pseudo- 
cyesis. 

spurred (sperd) [ME., spure, spur]. Having spurs, 
s. rye, see ergot. 

sputa (spu'-tah). Plural of sputum, q. v. 

sputum (spu'-tum) [spuere, to spit; pi., sputa]. 
The secretion ejected from the mouth in spitting. It 
consists of saliva and mucus from the nasal fossa? 
and the fauces. In diseased conditions of the air- 
passages or lungs it may be purulent, mucopurulent, 
fibrinous, or bloody, s., eeruginous, sputum of a 
green color, s., black-pigmented, having a black 
color from inhaled particles of carbon, s., cavernous, 
nummular sputum, from a pulmonary cavity, s. 
coctum, opaque, yellowish or greenish, viscid, gen- 
erally partially confluent, through occasionally num- 
mulated, sputum of the later stages of acute bron- 



SQUALOR 



829 



STADIUM 



chitis. s. crudum, the scanty, viscid expectoration 
of the early stages of acute bronchitis, s., egg-yolk, 
sputum having a yellow color, s., globular, spher- 
ical masses of sputum of the later stages of bronchi- 
tis; yellow in color, and consisting of epithelium, 
pus-corpuscles, mucus, etc. s., green, bloody sputum 
in which oxidation of the hemoglobin has taken place ; 
it is seen in pneumonia, s., hailstone, spherical masses 
of sputum of the later stages of bronchitis . s., icteric, 
sputum tinged green or yellow, due to the presence 
of bile pigment; it is observed in icterus, sputa 
margaritacea, see s., pearly, s., mucopurulent, small 
lumps or pellets in a viscid, mucoserous fluid, seen in 
bronchitis, s., nummular, a sputum characterized 
by round, coin-like masses; it is seen in pulmonary 
tuberculosis, s., pearly, sputum consisting of small 
translucent pellets, s., prune-juice, s., rusty, the 
typical, dark-colored sputum of the third stage of 
pneumonia; the color is due to the admixture of blood. 
s. puriforme, sputum having the appearance of pus. 
s., rusty, the dark-colored sputum of lobar pneu- 
monia, the color of which is due to the admixture of 
blood, s. septicemia, see septicemia, sputum, s. 
tuberculosum, a purulent or mucopurulent sputum 
containing tubercle-bacilli, occurring in pulmonary 
tuberculosis and in caseous pneumonia, s., yellow, 
sputum having a yellow color, due to the presence of 
fungi; the term is also applied to sputum rendered 
yellow by oxidation of the contained hemoglobin. 

squalor (skwol'-or, or skwa'-lor) [L.]. Filth. Dis- 
order and uncleanliness. 

squama (skwa'-mah) [L: pi., squama. A scale or 
scale-like mass, as the squama of the temporal bone, 
s. frontalis, the. vertical portion of the frontal bone. 
s. occipitalis, the supraoccipital bone. s. temporalis, 
the squamosa. 

squamate (skwa'-mdt) [squama, a scale]. Scaly, or 
scale-like. 

squamo- (skwa-mo-) [squama]. A prefix denoting 
relating to the squamous portion of the parietal or 
temporal bone. 

squamocellular (skwa-mo-seV -u-lar) [squamo- ; 
cellula, a small cell]. Flat-celled. 

squamoid (skwa'-moid) [squama, scale; elSos, like]. 
Resembling a squama. 

squamomandibular (skwa-mo-man-dib' -u-lar). Re- 
lating the squamosa and maxillary bone. 

squamomastoid (skwa-mo-mas'-toid) [squamo- ; mas- 
toid]. Pertaining to the squamous and mastoid por- 
tions of the temporal bone. 

squamoparietal (skwa-mo-par-i'-et-al) [squamo- ; 
paries, wall]. Pertaining to the squamous portion of 
the parietal bone. 

squamopetrosal (skwa-mo-pe-tro'-sal) [squamo- ; 
Trerpd, rock]. Pertaining to the squamous and pet- 
rous portions of the temporal bone. 

squamosa, squamosal (skwa-mo' '-sah, skwa-mo' - 
sal]. The squamous portion of the temporal or oc- 
cipital or frontal bone. 

squamosphenoid (skwa-mo-sfe'-noid) [squamo- ; 
sphenoid]. Pertaining to the squamous portion of 
the temporal bone and to the sphenoid bone. 

squamotemporal (skwa-mo-tem'-po-ral) [squamo- ; 
temporal]. Pertaining to the squamous portion of 
the temporal bone. 

squamotympanic (skwa-mo-tim-pan'-ik) [squamo- ; 
tympanic]. Pertaining to the squamosal and tym- 
panic bones. 

squamous (skwa'-mus) [squamosus, scaly], i. Of 
the shape of a scale, as the squamous portion of the 
temporal bone. 2. Scaly, s. bone, the circular 
plate forming the upper anterior portion of the tem- 
poral bone. s. suture, the suture between the squam- 
ous portion of the temporal bone and the frontal and 
parietal bones. 

squamozygomatic (skw a-mo-zi- go-mat' -ik) [squa- 
mo-; zygomatic]. Pertaining to the squamous and 
zygomatic portions of the temporal bone. 

square lobe. 1. The lobus quadratus of the liver. 
2. A lobe on the upper surface of the cerebellar hemi- 
sphere. 

squarious, squarrous (skwa'-re-us,skwar'-us) [squar- 
rosus, scurfy]. Scurfy. 

squarra (skwar'-ah) [iaxa-pa, a scab]. A rough 
crust of tinea, s. tondens, alopecia areata. 

Squibb's diarrhea mixture [Edward Robinson 

Squibb, American manufacturing chemist, 1819-1900]. 

A mixture containing tincture of opium 25 Cc, tinc- 

ure of capsicum 12.5 Cc, spirit of camphor 25 Cc, 



chloroform 10 Cc, and alcohol to make 125 Cc. Av- 
erage dose 30 minims (2 Cc). 

squill (skwil). The bulb of Urginea maritima (U. 
S. P.) or Urginea scilla (B. P.), of the order Liliacea. 
Squill (scilla, U. S. P., B. P.) contains several bitter 
principles, scillitin, scillipicrin, scillitoxin, and scillin, 
a carbohydrate sinistrin, and other substances. It 
is expectorant, diuretic, and emetocathartic, and is 
used in dropsy and in croup. Dose 1-2 gr. (0.065- 
0.13 Gm.). s., fluidextract of (fluidextr actum scilla, 
U. S. P.). Dose 2-3 min. (0.13-0.2 Cc). s., oxy- 
mel of (oxymel scilla, B. P.). Dose 1-2 dr. (4-8 Gm.). 
s., pills of, compound (pilula scilla composita, B. P.). 
Dose 5-10 gr. (0.32-0.65 Gm.). s., syrup of (syrupus 
scilla, U. S. P., B.'P.). Dose |-i dr. (2-4 Cc). s., 
syrup of, compound (syrupus scilla compositus, U. S. 
P.), hive-syrup. Dose 20-30 min. (1.3-2.0 Cc). 
s., tincture of (tinctura scilla, U. S. P., B. P.). Dose 
5-30 min. (0.32-2.0 Cc). s., vinegar of (acetum scil- 
la, U.S. P., B. P.). Dose 10-30 min. (0.65-2.0 Cc). 

squillitic (skwil-it'-ik). Pertaining to or containing 
squill. 

squint (skwint). See strabismus. 

Squire's catheter [Truman Hoffman Squire, Amer- 
ican surgeon, 1823-1889]. A vertebrated catheter. 

Squire's sign [G. W. Squires]. A rhythmic dil- 
atation and contraction of the pupil in basilar men- 
ingitis. 

squirting cucumber. See elaterium. 

Sr. Chemical symbol of strontium. 

S romanum (ro-ma'-num). The sigmoid flexure. 

ss. Abbreviation for Latin semis, one-half. 

S. S. paste. A paste made of brown sugar changed 
to the consistency of condensed milk by the addition 
in water of nitrate of silver a 1 to 3,000 solution. It 
is applied to septic and sloughing or gangrenous 
wounds. 

stab-culture, a culture in which the inoculating 
point is thrust into a tube of agar, or other suitable 
solid culture material; it is used for the propagation 
of anaerobic bacteria ; it is also called stick-culture or 
thrust-culture. 

stabile (sta'-bil) [stabilis, from stare, to stand]. Not 
moving; fixed, s. current, an electric current pro- 
duced by holding both the electrodes in a fixed po- 
sition. 

staccato speech. See scanning. 

stachydrine (sta-kid'-ren), C7H13NO2. An alkaloid 
from the bulb of Stachys palustris, forming colorless 
crystals which liquefy on exposure; soluble in water 
and alcohol; melt at 210 C. 

Stacke's operation (stah'-keh) [Ludwig Stacke, Ger- 
man otologist, 1859- ]. Removal of the posterior 
and superior wall of the auditory meatus, so that the 
tympanum, attic, antrum and meatus make one 
cavity; this affords free exit for pus in suppurative 
disease of the middle ear. 

stactometer (stak-tom' -et-er) [o-tolktos, a dropping; 
ukrpov, a measure]. An instrument for measuring 
drops. 

Staderini's nucleus. The nucleus intercalatus, an 
aggregation of ganglion-cells situated between the 
dorsal nucleus of the pneumogastric and the nucleus 
of the hypoglossal nerve. 

stadium (sta'-de-um) [L.]. Stage, s. acmes, the 
height of a disease, s. amphiboles, see stage amphi- 
bolic, s. annihilationis, the convalescent stage, s. 
augmenti, the period in which there is increase in the 
intensity of the disease, s. caloris, the period during 
which there is fever; the hot stage, s. contagii, the 
prodromal stage of an infectious disease, s. conval- 
escentiae, the period of recovery from disease, s. 
decrementi, defervescence of a febrile disease; the 
period in which there is a decrease in the severity of 
the disease, s. decrustationis, the stage of an exan- 
thematous disease in which the lesions form crusts. 
s. desquamationis, the period of desquamation in an 
exanthematous fever, s. eruptionis, that period of an 
exanthematous fever in which the exanthem appears. 
s. exsiccationis. See 5. decrustationis. s. floritionis, 
the stage of an eruptive disease during which the 
exanthem is at its height, s. frigoris, the cold stage 
of a fever; see stage, algid, s. incrementi, the stage 
of increase of a fever or disease, s. incubationis, see 
1 stage, latent, s. maniacale, the last stage of excite- 
ment in mania, after which the nervous manifesta- 
tions gradually subside, s. nervosum, the paroxys- 
mal stage of a disease, s. prodromorum, in eruptive 
fevers, the stage prior to the appearance of the erup- 
tion, s. staseos, see s. acmes, s. sudoris, the sweat- 



STAFF 



830 



STAIN 



ing stage, s. suppurationis, the period in the course 
of variola in which suppuration occurs, s. ultimum, 
the final stage of a febrile affection. 

staff. An instrument for passing into the bladder 
through the urethra and used as a guide in oper tions 
on the bladder or for stricture. 

staff a (staf'-ah). i. The stapes. 2. A figure-of-8 
bandage. 

Staffordshire knot. See knot. 

stage (stdj) [stare, to stand]. 1. A definite period 
of a disease characterized by certain symptoms; a 
condition in the course of a disease. 2. The hori- 
zontal plate projecting from the pillar of a micro- 
scope for supporting the slide or object, s., algid, a 
condition characterized by subnormal temperature, 
feeble, flickering pulse, various nervous symptoms, 
etc. It occurs in cholera and other diseases marked 
by exhausting intestinal discharges, s., amphibolic, 
the stage of a disease intervening between its height 
and its decline, s., asphyxial, the preliminary stage 
of Asiatic cholera, marked by extreme thirst, mus- 
cular cramps, etc., due to loss of water from the blood, 
s., cold, the rigor or chill of an attack of a malarial 
paroxysm, s., eruptive, that in which an exanthem 
makes its appearance, s., expulsive (of labor), the 
stage which begins when dilatation of the cervix uteri 
is complete and during which the child is expelled 
from the uterus. See labor, stages of. s., first (of 
labor), that stage in which the molding of the fetal 
head and the dilatation of the cervix are effected, s., 
hot, the febrile stage of a malarial paroxysm, s. of 
invasion, the period in the course of a disease in which 
the system comes under the influence of the morbific 
agent, s. of latency, the incubation-period of an 
infectious disease, or that period intervening between 
the entrance of the virus and the manifestations of 
the symptoms to which it gives rise, s., placental 
(of labor), the period occupied by the expulsion of the 
placenta and fetal membranes, s., preemptive, the 
period of an eruptive fever following infection and 
prior to the appearance of the eruption, s., pyrogen- 
etic, the stage of invasion in febrile diseases. _ s., 
second (of labor), see s., expulsive, s., sweating, 
the third or terminal stage of a malarial paroxysm, 
during which there is sweating, s., third (of labor), 
see s., placental. 

staggers (stag'-erz). One of the various forms of 
functional and organic disease of the brain and spinal 
cord in domestic animals, especially horses and cattle. 
Enzootic cerebritis of horses, sheep, etc. s. blind, 
staggers due to cerebral disease, s.-bush, Androm- 
eda mariana; a plant allied to the mountain laurel, 
growing in the seaboard States of North America, s.- 
grass, loco, or loco disease, q. v., produced by eating 
various so-called loco-weeds, s., mad, s., sleepy, 
staggers due to inflammation of the cerebral enve- 
lopes, s., stomach, staggers due to cerebral distur- 
bance dependent on gastric disorder. 

stagnation (stag-na'-shun) [stagnate, to settle]. A 
cessation of motion. In pathology, a cessation of 
motion in any fluid; stasis. 

stagnum chyli. Same as receptaculum chyli. 

Stahl's ear [Friedrich Carl Stahl, German physician, 
1811-1873]. A congenital deformity of the ear which 
consists in a broadening of the helix, the fossa ovalis 
and upper part of the scaphoid fossa being covered. 

Stahlian (stah'-le-an). An animist, a follower of 
the doctrine of George Ernst Stahl, German chemist, 

1660-1734- 

stain (stan) [from distain, from dis, priv. ; tingere, to 
color]. 1. A discoloration. 2. A pigment employed 
in microscopy to color the tissues or to produce cer- 
tain reactions. The common microscopic stains are 
hematoxylin, carmin, osmic acid, and the anilin dyes. 
s., intra vitam, one that will act upon living material. 
s., inversion, of Rawitz, a process in which under the 
influence of a mordant, a basic anilin dye behaves as 
a plasma or acid dye. Table of Stains, Reagents, 
Reactions, Staining Methods, etc.: Appended 
are those most important to students of medicine. 
For a full definition of all the stains, etc., in use in 
special and general branches, see the Illustrated Dic- 
tionary and the Dictionary of New Medical Terms. 
acid fuchsin, a diffuse stain, having a special affinity 
for axis-cylinders. A solution of 2 Gm. in 40 Cc. of 
90% alcohol and 160 Cc. of distilled water is employ- 
ed. Wash out in 90% alcohol. Weigert stains sec- 
tions of tissue hardened in Mueller's fluid in a satu- 
rated aqueous solution of acid fuchsin for from 1 to 
24 hours, then rinses them quickly in water, immerses 



for a few minutes in a saturated solution of potas- 
sium hydroxide, 1 part, alcohol, 10 parts. Wash thor- 
oughly to remove the alkali, dehydrate, clear, and 
mount. This process differentiates the finer nerve- 
fibers in the spinal cord, alcohol, an excellent fixing 
medium, suitable for all tissues except those of the 
central nervous system and those undergoing fatty 
infiltration or degeneration. It is also used to harden 
and preserve objects that have been fixed in other 
fluids. As a preservative it is not without defects, as 
it alters the structure of tissues by continuously de- 
hydrating their albuminoids. Toluol, ether, and 
xylol are recommended as substitutes (Kultschitzky). 
As a fixing agent alcohol is usually employed in grad- 
ually increasing strengths, beginning with 50 or 70% . 
alcohol, absolute, one of the most penetrating fixing 
agents, which has the advantage of preserving the 
structure of glands and of nuclei. It should be em- 
ployed in large quantities. Hydration may be pre- 
vented by suspending in the alcohol strips of gelatin 
(Lowrie). After fixation, preserve the object in 90% 
alcohol, amyloid reaction (in tissues having under- 
gone amyloid degeneration). 1. With iodine: Dilute 
Lugol's solution with distilled water until it has the 
color of port-wine, and add 25% of glycerol; in this 
stain the sections for 3 minutes, wash in water, and 
mount in glycerol. The amyloid substance is brown- 
red; the remaining tissues are light-yellow. (For 
permanent preparations see the method of Langhans 
for glycogen.) 2. With iodine-green: Stain for 24 
hours in iodine-green (0.5 Gm. dissolved in 150 Cc. of 
distilled water) and wash in water. The amyloid 
masses are red-violet, the remaining tissues green. 
3. With iodine and sulphuric acid : Place sections that 
have been treated with Lugol's solution (see Iodine 
Reaction in this table) in 1% sulphuric acid. The 
brown of the amyloid substance becomes intensified 
or it changes to a violet or blue to green color. 4. 
With methyl-green: Stain for from 3 to 5 minutes in 
1% solution of the dye and wash in distilled water 
containing 1% of hydrochloric acid. Amyloid sub- 
stance violet, nuclei, green. 5- With methyl-violet: 
The process of staining is the same as with methyl- 
green. The amyloid is purple-red, the remaining 
tissue blue, aniljn oil, an important medium because 
of its ability to clear watery objects; it will even clear 
aqueous media without the intervention of alco- 
hol, which sometimes renders it valuable as a pene- 
trating medium prior to paraffin embedding. It is 
also used for clearing celloidin sections, anilin 
water (Ehrlich), shake up 3 Cc. of anilin oil with 97 
Cc. of distilled water and filter. The filtrate should 
be clear. Used as a mordant for anilin dyes. It 
does not keep well, and should be freshly prepared. 
Apathy cement, heat together, in a porcelain capsule, 
equal parts of hard paraffin (6o° C. 140 F.) (melting- 
point) and Canada balsam until the mixture assumes 
a golden tint and no longer emits vapors of turpen- 
tine. On cooling, this forms a firm mass, which for 
use is warmed and applied with a glass rod. This 
cement is suitable for closing glycerol mounts, bal- 
sam-paraffin for cells (Julien) , this substance con- 
sists of paraffin saturated with balsam-cement, and 
is prepared as follows: Reduce commercial Canada 
balsam to a wax-like consistence by slow evaporation 
in a shallow tin pan over a low flame. Test by cool- 
ing a few drops from time to time. Melt slowly one- 
fourth pound of paraffin, with a melting-point above 
45° C. (113 F.) ; add a lump of balsam-cement about 
the size of a marble, and then digest at gentle heat, 
stirring frequently, for about an hour. The appear- 
ance of a slight yellow tinge indicates the saturation 
of the paraffin by the balsam. When it is desired to 
prepare a cell, the balsam-paraffin is cautiously heated 
to the melting point in a shallow porcelain capsule. 
These paraffin cells are suitable for dry or liquid 
mounts, excepting for the latter when Canada balsam, 
dammar, or oils are used as preservatives. The great 
advantage of the balsam-paraffin is its chemic in- 
difference to the reagents employed in the preserva- 
tion mediums. Boston's mixture (for the preserva- 
tion of casts in urine), liquor acidi arsenosi (U. S. P.), 
1 oz.; salicylic acid, § gr.; glycerol, 2 dr. Dissolve by 
warming gently and add "whole tears" of acacia to 
saturation. Let the mixture settle, decant the super- 
natant liquid, and add a drop of formalin. Place a 
drop of urine containing casts on a slide, evaporate 
nearly to dryness, add a drop of the perservative, mix 
the two with a delicate needle, apply a cover-glass, 
and when the mount has hardened, seal with cement. 



STAIN 



831 



STAIN 



Bremer's method (for diabetic blood) , fix the films for 
6 minutes in the oven at 135° C. (275 F.). Stain for 

3 minutes with 1% solution of methyl-blue or with 
the Ehrlich-Biondi mixture. The yellow-green re- 
action of the erythrocytes may also be obtained by 
using eosin, congo red, or biebrich scarlet in 1% so- 
lution. Canada balsam, evaporate the balsam in a 
water-bath to dryness, and dissolve in an equal vol- 
ume of xylol, benzol, toluol, chloroform, or turpen- 
tine. Filter through paper and keep in a "capped" 
bottle. If it gets too thick, dilute by adding more of 
the solvent employed, carbolfuchsin, fuchsin, 1 Gm. ; 
phenol, 5 Gm.; alcohol, 10 Gm.; distilled water, 100 
Gm. celloidin, stated to be a preparation of pure 
pyroxylin. It is nonexplosive and is soluble in ether 
and alcohol. Celloidin should be used in thin (2%) 
and in thick (6%) solutions. The object is thorough- 
ly dehydrated in absolute alcohol, placed in a mixture 
of equal parts of ether and alcohol for from 12 to 24 
hours, or longer if the object is large. It is then 
placed for 24 hours in a thin solution of celloidin (8 
Gm. in 100 Cc. each of alcohol and ether), and trans- 
ferred from this to a thick solution of celloidin (8 Gm. 
in 50 Cc. each of alcohol and ether). Select a cork or 
a piece of soft, dry wood, and dip it in the thick cel- 
loidin solution; when dry, place the prepared tissue 
upon it and drop the thick celloidin solution upon this 
with a pipet until it is embedded in a jelly-like mass. 
Blocks or cylinders of glass or vulcanized fiber serve 
better than cork, as they sink in the liquids used. 
Harden in 00% alcohol, and preserve in 70% alcohol. 
When making sections, keep the knife and section 
wet with alcohol. Apathy advises previous smearing 
of the knife with vaselin, as it cuts better and is pro- 
tected from the alcohol. Use bergamot oil to clear. 
Sections may be kept in from 60 to 80% alcohol. 
Chenzinsky's stain (for blood), concentrated aqueous 
solution of methylene-blue and distilled water equal 
parts. To this is added an equal quantity of 0.5% 
solution of eosin in 60% alcohol. Stain blood-films 

4 to s minutes. Red blood-corpuscles stain a rose- 
red, nuclei of leukocytes blue, and malarial parasites 
blue. Claudius' method (for bacteria), stain in gen- 
tian or methyl- violet, after Gram (see Cram's Method 
in this table), differentiate in a saturated aqueous 
solution of picric acid diluted with an equal volume 
of water, decolorize in chloroform, collodion, pre- 
pared by dissolving gun-cotton or soluble cotton in 
equal parts of 95% alcohol and sulphuric ether; it is 
in every way as good as celloidin, and considerably 
cheaper. Conn's method (for preserving cultures of 
bacteria as museum specimens). Inoculate 2% agar 
slants and seal the tubes with paraffin and plaster-of- 
paris. In a few days the cultures cease growing and 
remain indefinitely unaltered, copper acetate, a 
solution of 1 Gm. of copper acetate and 4 Gm. of 
mercuric chloride in 250 Cc. of glycerol and 1 Cc. of 
glacial acetic acid is used in preserving and mounting 
green algae, corrosive sublimate, a most excellent 
reagent, generally applicable, useful particularly for 
fixing glands and glandular structures. Saturated 
aqueous and alcoholic solutions are usually employed. 
The tissues turn white when fixed. All the corrosive 
sublimate must be washed out in iodine or the sections 
will be sprinkled with crystals of the salt. The 
hardening is completed in alcohol. Glass, wood, or 
platinum should be used in manipulating objects 
immersed in this reagent. Sections may be stained 
with any of the usual reagents, cover-glass prepar- 
ations, such preparations are usually made in exam- 
ining blood, sputum, or other fluid or semifluid sub- 
stance. In the case of sputum, a tiny mass is placed 
on a cover-glass, another is pressed gently down upon 
this, and the two glasses are separated by sliding one 
over the other, the object being to secure a thin, even 
film on each glass. The film may also be spread 
with the edge of a cover-glass or with a platinum 
spatula. The preparations are then left to dry in air, 
or they may be dried by exposing them to a tempera- 
ture of 120 for twenty minutes, or by passing them 
quickly thrice through the flame of a spirit-lamp or 
Bunsen burner. When dry, they are ready to stain. 
To obtain a cover-glass preparation of blood, cleanse 
the finger, prick the pad, wipe off the first drop of 
blood that exudes, touch the apex of the second drop 
with a cover-glass, spread in the manner described, 
and dry in air. Craig's method (for obtaining the 
flagellated malarial Plasmodium), cleanse the ear or 
finger, also the slide and cover-glass, with alcohol. 
Make a puncture with a sterile needle and wipe away 



the first drops of blood. Gently breathe upon the 
slide and take up on it the blood from the summit 
of the second drop and immediately apply the cover- 
glass. The brief exposure to ah and the moisture 
on the slide are said to hasten flagellation, creosote, 
the properties of this agent are similar to those of 
phenol. Beechwood creosote is a good clearing med- 
ium for celloidin sections. Czenzynke's double stain, 
concentrated aqueous solution of methylene-blue, 
40 Cc; 0.5% solution of eosin in 70% alcohol, 20 Cc; 
distilled water, 40 Cc. This is used to stain the blood, 
and colors the red corpuscles red, the leukocytes blue; 
also for Plasmodium malarial, the gonococcus, and 
the influenza bacillus of Pfeiffer and Canon, dahlia- 
violet, a nuclear stain, recommended for demonstra- 
ting the granules in Ehrlich's mastzellen. Tissues 
hardened in alcohol are stained for several hours in a 
solution of dahlia-violet 2 Gm., in 90% alcohol 25 Cc. 
Wash in alcohol until nearly colorless. Delafield's 
hematoxylin, see under Delafield. eau de Labarraque 
(sodium hypochlorite) , rub up 20 Gm. of chlorinated 
lime in 100 Cc. of distilled water and mix with 
40 Gm. of crystallized sodium carbonate dis- 
solved in the same quantity of water. Let the 
mixture stand for an hour and filter. This is used 
in the same way as Javelle water. With the aid 
of heat, chitin is dissolved in either of the solu- 
tions in a short time (Loos). Chitinous struc- 
tures, macerated for 24 hours or more in these sol- 
utions diluted with 4 to 6 volumes of water, become 
soft and transparent, and permeable to staining fluids, 
aqueous or alcoholic. This method is especially ap- 
plicable to nematodes and their ova. Ehrlich's acid 
hematoxylin, used for staining sections and in the 
mass. Dissolve 1 Gm. of hematoxylin in 30 Cc. of 
alcohol and add 50 Cc. each of glycerol and water, 
alum in excess, and 4 Cc. of glacial acetic acid. Let 
the mixture ripen in the light until it acquires a deep- 
red color. Objects stained in it should be washed in 
undistilled water. Ehrlich's anilin gentian-violet, a 
mixture of 5 Cc of a saturated alcoholic solution of 
gentian-violet and 100 Cc. of anilin water. Ehrlich- 
Biondi-Heidenhain triple stain, to 100 Cc. of a sat- 
urated aqueous solution of orange add, with continual 
agitation, 20 Cc. of a saturated, aqueous solution of 
acid fuchsin and 50 Cc. of a like solution of methyl- 
green; dilute with from 60 to 100 volumes of water. 
A drop on blotting-paper should form a spot bluish- 
green in the center, orange at the periphery; a red 
zone outside the orange indicates that the mixture 
contains too much fuchsin. From 6 to 24 hours is 
required to stain. Wash out in alcohol and clear in 
xylol. Chromatic elements are colored blue; cyto- 
plasm, violet or orange-red; karyoplasm, the same 
but in lighter tones, and all the denser protoplasmic 
elements the same, but darker (Gilson). This is by 
far the best stain for photomicrography, except for 
connective tissue (Lindsay Johnson) . A slightly acid 
reaction of the alcohol used for washing out will pro- 
duce a relatively strong coloration by the methyl- 
green, while that by the fuchsin will be relatively pale; 
the opposite result will be obtained if the alcohol con- 
tains a trace of alkali.. The addition of very dilute 
acetic acid, until the ted rint is markedly intensified, 
will restore the energy of the fuchsin, which is likely 
to decline after a time (Heidenhain) . Ehrlich's iodine 
method, stain the fixed film in a syrupy solution of 
gum-arabic containing 1% of Lugol's solution: leuko- 
cytes stained brown indicate a suppurative process. 
Ehrlich's stains (for the granules of leukocytes). 1. 
Acidophilus or eosinophilous mixture: Two parts 
each of indulin, aurantia, and eosin; glycerol, 30 parts. 
Suitable for staining sections and cover-glass pre- 
parations. This is also known as "Mixture C." 2. 
"Triacid" mixture: Dissolve — (a) 1 Gm. of orange- 
yellow (extra) in 50 Cc. of distilled water; (b) 1 Gm. 
of acid fuchsin extra in 50 Cc. of distilled water; (c) 
1 Gm. of crystalline methyl-green in 50 Cc. of distilled 
water. Let the solutions settle. Then mix n Cc. 
of solution a with 10 Cc. of solution b; add 20 Cc. 
of distilled water and 10 Cc. of absolute alcohol; to 
this mixture add a mixture of 13 Cc. of solution c, 10 
Cc. of distilled water, and 3 Cc. of absolute alcohol. 
Let the stain stand for one or two weeks before using. 
Farrant's solution. See under Farrant. Flemming's 
fluid. 1. Chromium trioxide 0.2 Gm.; glacial acetic 
acid, 0.1 Cc; water, 100 Cc. This is especially rec- 
ommended for fixing the achromatic spindle-fibers in 
nuclei. (2) Chromium trioxide (1%), 45 Cc; 2% 
osmic acid, 12 Cc; glacial acetic acid, 3 Cc This 



STAIN 



832 



STAIN 



fixes small pieces (2-3 mm. thick) in from a few to 
24 hours, and is useful for fixing the figures in cell- 
division and for many other purposes. A weaker 
solution is also used : 1 % osmic and glacial acetic acids, 
each, 100 Cc. The second formula is the one gen- 
erally known as Flemming's fluid. Fraenkel-Gabbet 
method (for tubercle bacilli). See under Gabbet. 
Futcher-Lazear method (for the malarial parasite), 
fix the film for one minute in a mixture of 10 Cc. 
of 95% alcohol and 2 drops of formalin; wash, 
dry, and stain for 15 seconds in carbolthionin, 
prepared by mixing 20 Cc. of a saturated so- 
lution of the dye in 50% alcohol and 100 Cc. of 2% 
aqueous solution of phenol, gentian-violet. 1. 
(Concentrated alcoholic). Gentian- violet, 25 Gm,; 
absolute alcohol, 1.00 Cc. 2. (Aqueous). Gentian- 
violet, 1 Gm.; 90% alcohol, 20 Cc; distilled water, 
80 Cc. A nuclear stain, prepared by dissolving 0.5 
Gm. of the dye in 80 Cc. of distilled water, 20 Cc. of 
90% alcohol, and 1 Cc. of glacial acetic acid. Stains 
in s minutes. Dissolved in indifferent media it 
may be used for staining intra vitam, and in acid so- 
lutions colors the nuclei of fresh tissues. It may be 
used according to Gram's method, glycerin-jelly, 
soak in 150 Cc. of distilled water 25 Gm. of gelatin 
for two hours, and add 3 Cc. of phenol and 175 Cc. 
of glycerol; heat for 15 minutes and filter through 
spun glass. Wrap the cork of the bottle in which the 
jelly is preserved in linen dipped in dilute phenol. 
For use, melt it in hot water, place a drop on the sec- 
tion, upon which gently press a cover-glass, gly- 
chemalum, hematein, 0.4 Gm. (rubbed with a few 
drops of glycerol until it dissolves); alum, 5 Gm.; 
glycerol, 30 Cc; distilled water, 70 Cc. (Mayer). 
gold chloride, recommended for tracing nerve-endings 
in fresh tissues and for staining connective tissue and 
cartilage-cells. Place small pieces of tissue, \ inch 
square, in from 0.5 to 1% solution of commercial 
gold chloride in distilled water. KeeD in the dark, and 
when the tissue has become yellow, wash in distilled 
water. Then expose to the light in 50 Cc. of water 
containing 2 drops of acetic acid for 48 hours, or until 
the tissue acquires a purple tint. Mount in glycerol. 
Goldhorn's stain (for blood), preparation of the so- 
lution of polychrome methylene-blue. Solution A 
(Merck's medicinal methylene-blue : Griibler's methyl- 
ene-blue rectified, and methylene-blue — Koch) : Dis- 
solve 2 Gm. methylene-blue in 300 Cc. warm water. 
Add to this 4 Gm. lithium carbonate, shaking con- 
stantly. Heat in an evaporating dish on a water- 
bath, the water touching the dish. Stir the solution 
occasionally. Remove in is to 20 minutes. Do not 
filter. Set aside for several days. Then add dilute 
acetic acid (5%) until the solution is only faintly 
alkaline. Solution B: A 0.1% aqueous solution of 
eosin. Fix blood-films in methyl-alcohol for 15 sec- 
onds. Wash in running water. Stain in solution B 
for 7 to 30 seconds. Wash. Stain in solution A for 
30 seconds to 2 minutes. Wash thoroughly in running 
water. Dry by agitating in air, not between filter- 
paper. The eosin may be added to the methyl-alco- 
hol (enough to make a 0.1% solution); or solution B 
may be added to solution A .(1 =4), but this easily 
produces a precipitate (the neutral stain). These 
give good results. Mixtures of methyl-alcohol, eosin, 
and polychrome methylene-blue give poor results. 
The depth of the chromatin stain depends on the 
length of staining. To stain the chromatin of half- 
grown malarial parasites i§ to 2 minutes is necessary 
while the chromatin of the hyaline forms stains in 10 
seconds. Repeated staining may improve the chro- 
matin violet. To do this the blood-film may be 
stained with solution B for 5 seconds, with solution A 
for 10 seconds. Golgi's method (for the restoration of 
overhardened tissue), wash in a half-saturated solu- 
tion of copper acetate until it yields no precipitate, 
and return for 5 or 6 days to Golgi's mixture (see be- 
low). The tissue will then take the silver and the 
sections can be mounted in thickened cedar oil under 
a cover-glass. Golgi's mixture, potassium dichro- 
mate (3.5% solution), 54 Cc; osmic acid (2%), 6 Cc. 
gonococcus, the gonococci are seen in the pus-cells 
grouped around the nucleus. Watery solutions of 
anilin dyes, preferably methylene-blue, stain the cocci 
intensely. Gram's method, heat for from 2 to 5 
minutes, or stain cold for from 20 to 30 minutes (tu- 
bercle bacilli, 12 to 24 hours), in saturated solution 
of gentian-violet anilin water; rinse quickly in abso- 
lute alcohol; transfer to Gram's solution (1 to i| min- 
utes), in which the specimen turns black; wash in 



alcohol until the black color vanishes and a pale-gray 
color appears; dry and mount in Canada balsam. 
The decolorization may be hastened by adding 3% 
nitric acid to the alcohol and then washing in pure 
alcohol. All the tissue-cells are decolorized by this 
method, while the bacteria are stained a deep blue. 
The cells may be subsequently stained with a watery 
or alcoholic solution of Bismarck brown for from 2 to 

5 minutes, then washed in absolute alcohol until the 
section is yellowish-brown. This method is of diag- 
nostic value, as certain bacteria are stained, others 
decolorized, by it. The bacteria that are stained by 
Gram's method are: tubercle bacillus; Fraenkel- 
Weichselbaum pneumococcus ; Streptococcus pyogenes ; 
streptococcus of erysipelas; Staphylococcus pyogenes 
aureus, albus, citreus, and flavus; anthrax bacillus; 
bacillus of hog erysipelas. The bacteria that are 
decolorized by Gram's method are: Typhoid bacillus; 
gonococcus; Friedlander's capsule bacillus; Koch's 
comma bacillus; glanders bacillus, and the spirillum 
of relapsing fever. Botkin advises washing the prep- 
aration in plain anilin water before decolorizing in 
the iodin solution. Modifications of Gram's Method: 
1. Guenther's modification: Transfer from the iodine- 
potassium-iodide solution to alcohol, then to a mix- 
ture of alcohol, 1 volume, and nitric acid, 3 volumes, 
and from this again into alcohol. 2. Nicolle's modi- 
fication: Decolorize in a mixture of alcohol, 2 volumes, 
and acetone, 1 volume. 3. Ribbert's modification: 
Decolorize in alcohol containing 10% of acetic acid. 
4. Weigert's modification: The sections, stained with 
gentian-violet or methyl-violet, are not transferred 
to alcohol from the iodine solution) but are laid upon 
slides and covered with anilin oil. This is removed 
with blotting-paper, and followed by xylol and xylol- 
balsam. The anilin oil dehydrates and differentiates. 
Grenacher's alcoholic borax-carmin, dissolve 4 Gm. 
of borax in 100 Cc. of distilled water; add 3 Gm. of 
carmin, warm, and dilute with 100 Cc. of 70% alcohol. 
Filter before using, and transfer the tissue from the 
stain directly into alcohol acidulated with from 4 to 

6 drops of hydrochloric acid, in which it should 
remain until it acquires a bright, transparent appear- 
ance. This solution is used for staining in bulk and 
gives a splendid color. Gruber and Durham's method 
(for the agglutination of typhus and cholera bacilli), 
place a drop of immunization serum on a cover-glass 
and beside it a drop of equal size of the culture, as 
finely divided as possible. Mix and examine on a 
slide with a ground cell. In doubtful cases put the 
preparation in the oven for from 15 to 30 minutes. 
Haffkine's bouillon (for the culture of the bacilli of 
bubonic plague), chop 1 kilo of goat's flesh and heat 
it at a pressure of 3 atmospheres for 6 hours in dilute 
hydrochloric acid. Filter, neutralize, dilute with 
water to 3 liters, and sterilize. Haffkine's prophylac- 
tic, inoculate a flask containing 3 liters of Haffkine's 
bouillon with a pure culture of pest bacilli; when the 
stalactite growth develops, shake the flask until the 
colony sinks to the bottom, and when the growth 
reappears, shake again; when the stalactite culture 
forms the third time, heat to 6o° C. (140 F.) for 3 
hours. Decant the clear fluid and preserve in her- 
metically sealed tubes. Dose 16-32 min. (1-2 Cc.) 
injected beneath the skin. Harris' carboltoluidin, 
dissolve 1 or 2 Gm. of toluidin-blue in a saturated 
solution of phenol. Before staining treat the sec- 
tions with water; stain for from 5 minutes to 24 hours, 
wash, and differentiate in glycerol-ether (Griibler) 
diluted 15 times with water or in acidulated alcohol; 
after from 5 to is minutes wash in alcohol. Eosin 
in alcohol may be used as a counterstain. In this 
case omit the differentiation and stain for from §' to 
2 minutes and wash in alcohol. Harris' hematoxylin, 
dissolve 1 Gm. of hematoxylin in 10 Cc. of alcohol 
and add to 200 Cc. of a saturated aqueous solution of 
alum; heat to boiling and add 0.5 Gm. of mercuric 
oxid; when the solution turns a dark purple, remove 
from the flame and cool quickly. For use dilute to 
the color of port-wine with aqueous solution of alum. 
Haug's phloroglucin fluid. One of the most rapid 
decalcifying agents, and without injurious action on 
the tissue-elements, with the exception of blood. It 
is prepared as follows: Warm slowly and carefully 
1 Gm. of phoroglucin in 10 Cc. of pure nitric acid, 
and to the resulting ruby-colored solution add 50 Cc. 
of distilled water. If a larger quantity is desired, 
add nitric acid and water to the foregoing proportion 
until the volume measures 300 Cc, the limit of the 
protective influence of the phloroglucin. Previously 



STAIN 



833 



STAIN 



to being brought into this fluid the tissues should be 
well fixed. Fetal bones and those of lower vertebrates 
are decalcified in half an hour. Older and harder 
bones require several hours. When decalcification 
is completed, wash in running water for two days. 
The sections stain well. Another formula, useful 
for teeth when rapid action is necessary, consists of 
phloroglucin, i Gm.; nitric acid, 5 Cc; 95% alcohol, 
70 Cc; distilled water, 30 Cc. The function of the 
phloroglucin is to protect the organic tissue-elements 
against the action of the acid. Heidenhain's fluid, 
saturate hot 0.5% sodium chloride solution with mer- 
curic chloride. Heller's method. 1. For the_ os- 
mication of medullated nerve-fibers: Harden the tissue 
in Mueller's fluid. Stain the sections in 1% osmic 
acid — in the oven for 10 minutes, at room-tempera- 
ture for a half-hour; wash in water; reduce in 5% 
pyrogallic acid for a half-hour, oxidize in 2.5% potas- 
sium permanganate for from 3 to 5 minutes, decolor- 
ize in 2% oxalic acid for from 3 to 5 minutes. 2. For 
mounting objects for sectioning: Pin a piece of paper 
about the cork or block so that it projects and forms 
a trough into which the celloidin can be poured 
around the object. Harden in the vapor of alcohol 
by suspension in a closed cylinder containing a few 
centimeters of alcohol, hemosiderin, amorphous yel- 
low to black-brown iron-containing fragments occur- 
ring in thrombi or hemorrhagic infarcts. In sections 
of material hardened in alcohol or formalin, treated 
for a few minutes with a 2% aqueous solution of 
potassium ferrocyanide and examined in glycerol con- 
taining 0.5% of hydrochloric acid, the pigment ap- 
pears in the form of dark-blue granules. Hermann's 
fluid, a modification of Flemming's fluid. Platinum 
chloride is used instead of chromium trioxide; in other 
respects the formulas are alike. His' medium (for 
the differential culture of the typhoid bacillus). 1. The 
tube culture-medium: triturate 5 Gm. of agar, 80 
Gm. of gelatin, 5 Gm. of beef-extract, and 5 Gm. of 
salt; add a liter of water and enough hydrochloric 
acid or soda solution to produce a reaction of 1.5% 
of normal acid, using phenolphthalein as the indicator. 
Clear with 1 or 2 eggs beaten in 25 Cc. of water; add 
10 Gm. of glucose, boil for 25 minutes, and filter 
through absorbent cotton. 2. For the plate-culture 
use 10 Gm. of agar, 25 Gm. of gelatin, 5 Gm. each of 
beef-extract and salt, and 10 Gm. of glucose. The 
medium must contain not less than 2% of normal 
acid. The typhoid bacillus alone has the power of 
clouding these media. Hofbauer's method (for 
staining the iodinophil granules of leukocytes) , dry the 
film and stain 1 minute in a solution of iodine, 1 part, 
potassium iodide, 3 parts, and water, 100 parts, 
brought to a syrupy consistence by the addition of 
gum-arabic. Remove the excess of the_ stain with 
filter-paper to prevent diffuse coloring, iodine-alco- 
hol, alcohol, 90%, to which enough tincture of iodine 
is added to impart the color of port-wine. See also 
Zenker's fluid in this table, iron hematoxylin, sec- 
tions are treated with a weak aqueous solution of 
ferric acetate, washed in water, and stained in 0.5% 
aqueous solution of hematoxylin. A blue-black or 
black-brown stain is obtained. This process is rec- 
ommended by Butschli for staining sections of pro- 
tozoa in thick. Another method is as follows: 
Treat sections for from \ hour to 2 or 3 hours with a 
1. 5 to 4% solution of ferric ammonium sulphate; wash 
in water, and stain for from 1 to 12 hours in an aque- 
ous solution of hematoxylin, about 0.5%. Rinse 
with water and treat again with the iron solution. 
As soon as differentiation is complete, wash for 15 
minutes in running water and mount. The results 
vary according to the duration of the treatment with 
the iron and hematoxylin solutions; short baths give 
a blue preparation, in which the nuclear structures 
are highly differentiated; prolonged baths give black 
preparations, showing connective-tissue fibers and 
red blood-corpuscles black, central and polar bodies 
intensely black, cytoplasm sometimes colorless, some- 
times gray, in which case cell-plates and achromatic 
spindle-fibers are stained. Microorganisms are 
sharply stained. Jenner's stain (for blood). See 
under Jenner. karyokinesis. Place small pieces 
of tissue hardened in strong Flemming's so- 
lution in an alcoholic solution of safranin (2 
Gm. to 60 Cc.) for from 24 to 48 hours. Wash for 
a few minutes in water, and carry to acidulated ab- 
solute alcohol (10 drops of acetic acid to 100 Cc.) for 
from I to 1 minute When thick clouds of color are 
no longer given off, carry to absolute alcohol. After 
28 



1 or 2 minutes clear and mount. Leishman's stain 
(for blood). Perparation of the neutral stain. So- 
lution A: The solution of polychrome methylene-blue. 
A \% aqueous solution of methylene-blue med. 
(Grubler) is made alkaline with 0.5% Na2C03. This 
is heated for 12 hours at 65 C, and then allowed to 
stand for 10 days before use. Solution B: A 0.1% 
aqueous solution of eosin (extra BA Grubler). Equal 
parts of solutions A and B are mixed in an open vessel 
and allowed to stand for 5 or 6 hours, with occasional 
stirring. The precipitate formed is collected on a 
filter, washed with water, dried, and powdered. The 
staining solution: Dissolve 0.1 Gm. of the dry pre- 
cipitate in 100 Cc. pure methyl-alcohol (Merck "for 
analysis"). To stain: Four drops of the solution are 
poured on the blood-film, and allowed to stain for \ 
minute. Without pouring off the stain, 6 to 8 drops 
of distilled water are added and the mixture is allowed 
to stain for 5 minutes. Wash gently. Put a few 
drops of water on the blood-film for 1 minute. Then 
dry and mount. Staining reactions: Red blood- 
corpuscles stain pale pink or greenish; lymphocytes: 
nuclei, dark ruby red; protoplasm, pale blue; mononu- 
clears: nuclei, ruby red; protoplasm, pale blue; poly- 
morphonuclear neutrophils: nuclei, ruby red; gran- 
ules, red; "coarse-grained eosinophils": nuclei, ruby 
red ; granules, purplish black ;blood-platelets stain deep 
ruby red; malarial parasites: nuclei, chromatin por- 
tion, ruby red; cytoplasm, blue, lithia-water. Sat- 
urated aqueous solution of lithium carbonate 1 Cc, 
and distilled water 30 Cc, used as an intermediate 
agent in staining microorganisms, living cells. 
Young larvae of Amphibia are the best objects for the 
study of cells intra vitam. Place the larvae of Sala- 
mandra in a watch-glassful of water containing 5 to 
10 drops of a solution of 1 part curara in 100 parts 
each of water and glycerol. From ^ to 1 hour's im- 
mersion is required for curarization. It is not neces- 
sary to wait until the larvae are motionless : they may 
be removed as soon as their movements have become 
slow. The gills and the caudal fin may then be 
studied. The tail may be excised from the living 
animal and studied for some time in 1% salt solution 
or other indifferent medium. The adult animal offers 
for study the thin, transparent bladder. Larvae may 
be bred from adults, if well fed with aquatic worms, 
and supplied with a vessel of water. The larvae will 
be deposited in the water. The cytoplasm of living 
cells may be stained with methylene-blue, dahlia, or 
gentian-violet dissolved in water or in an indifferent 
liquid. Loeb's method (for producing artificial par- 
thenogenesis). Place the unfertilized eggs of sea- 
urchins in sea-water containing magnesium chloride 
in the proportion of 5000 ( V - n MgCl) to 5000 Cc. 
of water. After 2 hours restore them to normal 
sea-water. The eggs from normal gastrulae and 
plutei. Loeffler's methylene-blue. Add 30 Cc. of a 
concentrated alcoholic methylene-blue solution to 100 
Cc. of a solution of caustic potash (0.01 : 100). Filter 
before using. Loeffler's stain (for flagella). Mix 10 
Cc. of 20% solution of tannin, 5 Cc. of saturated so- 
lution of ferrous sulphate, and 1 Cc. of aqueous or al- 
coholic solution of fuchsin, methyl-violet, or "Woll- 
schwarz." For typhoid bacilli add 1 Cc. of 1% solu- 
tion of soda; for Bacillus subtilis add 30 drops; for 
bacilli of malignant edema, 36 drops; for cholera 
bacilli add 1 drop of sulphuric acid to the soda 
solution; for Spirillum rubrum, 9 drops. Mc- 
Crorie's method (for flagella). Stain the cover-glass 
preparation in warmed mixture of equal parts 
of a saturated solution of night blue, a 10% so- 
lution of tannin, and a 10% solution of alum. Mal- 
lory's method. 1. For neuroglia: Fix for 4 days in 
10% formalin, then for 4 days in a saturated solution 
of picric acid; after this mordant for 4 days in 5% 
solution of ammonium bichromate at 37 C. Stain 
the sections for 2 minutes in 1% aqueous solution of 
acid fuchsin, rinse, and treat for 2 minutes with 1% 
aqueous solution of phosphomolybdic acid; wash in 
two changes of water and stain for 2 minutes in a 
mixture of water-soluble anilin blue, 0.5 Gm.; orange 
G, 2 Gm.; oxalic acid, 2 Gm.; and water, 100 Cc; 
wash in water and dehydrate in alcohol. Result : con- 
nective tissue, blue; neuroglia, deep red; ganglion- 
cells and axis-cylinders, light red. 2. For neuroglia: 
Fix the tissues after the method given in No. 1, and 
treat the sections for 15 minutes with a 0.5 aqueous 
solution of potassium permanganate, and after wash- 
ing for the same time with 1% solution of oxalic acid, 
wash, and stain in hematoxylin prepared by dis- 



STAIN 



834 



STAIN 



solving o.i Gm. of the dye in a little hot water, and 
when cool adding water up to 80 Cc, 20 Cc. of 10% 
aqueous solution of phosphotungstic acid, and last 
0.2% of hydrogen dioxid. Wash in water, dehy- 
drate in alcohol, clear in oil of origanum, and mount 
in balsam. Nuclei, neuroglia, and fibrin blue; axis- 
cylinders and ganglion-cells pale pink; connective 
tissue deep pink. 3. For connective tissue: Fix in 
Zenker's fluid or sublimate and stain the sections for 
2 minutes in 0.1% aqueous solution of acid fuchsin. 
For further treatment see No. 1. Result: fibrous 
tissue, mucus, amyloid and hyaline substances, blue; 
nuclei, cytoplasm, elastin, fibrin, neuroglia, and axis- 
cylinders, red; erythrocytes and myelin sheaths, yel- 
low. 4. For nuclei and fibrin: Stain sections of tissue 
fixed in any medium except formaldehyde for 3 min- 
utes in 10% aqueous solution of ferric chloride ; drain 
and dry and stain for 3 minutes in a 1% aqueous so- 
lution of hematoxylin; wash and differentiate in a 
0.25% solution of ferric chloride. Result: nuclei, 
dark blue; fibrin, gray to dark blue. In sublimate 
preparations the erythrocytes are greenish gray ; con- 
nective tissue, pale yellow. 5. For staining Amoeba 
coli in tissues: Use alcohol material and treat the 
sections for from 5 to 20 minutes with saturated aque- 
ous solution of thionin; wash, and differentiate for 
from 30 to 60 seconds in 2% aqueous solution of 
oxalic acid; wash, dehydrate, clear, and mount in the 
usual way. Mallory's phosphomolybdic-acid hem- 
atoxylin. Mix 10% solution of phosphomolybdic 
acid, 1 part; hematoxylin, 1 part; water, 100 parts; 
chloral, from 6 to 10 parts. Expose to sunlight for a 
week. Filter before using and save the used portions. 
Stain sections for from 10 minutes to an hour; wash 
in 40 to 50% alcohol, changing it 2 or 3 times. De- 
hydrate and mount. If the solution does not stain 
readily, add a little hematoxylin. The stain is blue, 
and in its general effect similar to nigrosin. It is 
recommended for preparations of the central nervous 
system. Mallory- Wright method (for staining tuber- 
cle bacilli). Stain lightly in alum-hematoxylin, then 
for 2 or 3 minutes in steaming hot carbolf uchsin ; de- 
colorize for 30 seconds in acid alcohol. Marchi's 
method. Used to demonstrate early degeneration of 
nerves, prior to sclerosis. After hardening in Muel- 
ler's fluid place the tissue in a large quantity of a mix- 
ture of Mueller's fluid, 2 parts; 1% osmicacid, 1 part. 
The degenerated fibers are stained black; the normal 
are yellow or uncolored. Mayer's carmalum. Take 
1 Gm. of carminic acid, 10 Gm. of alum, and 200 Cc. 
of distilled water; heat the mixture and filter, adding 
an antiseptic to keep it clear. The fluid is light red 
in color, shading toward violet, and is said to have 
good penetrating powers, even in osmium prepara- 
tions, and to be better than alum-carmin for staining 
in toto. Mayer's carmalum and indigo-carmin. 
Dissolve 0.1 Gm. of indigo-carmin in 50 Cc. of dis- 
tilled water or of 5% alum solution; add 1 volume of 
indigo-carmin solution to 4 volumes of carmalum. 
Mayer's hemalum. An excellent stain for large ob- 
jects. It consists of two solutions — one of hematein, 
or ammonium hematein, 1 Gm., dissolved by the aid 
of heat in 50 Cc. of 90% alcohol; the other of alum 
50 Gm. and distilled water 1 liter. The solutions are 
mixed, left to cool, and then filtered. A crystal of 
thymol may be added to prevent the formation of 
mold. For most purposes it is advisable to dilute 
this stain with water or alum solution. Hemalum 
plus 2 % glacial acetic acid gives a more precise nuclear 
stain. Mayer's hemalum and indigo-carmin. Add 
1 volume of a 0.05% aqueous solution of indigo-car- 
min to 4 volumes of hemalum. Mayer's paracarmin. 
Dissolve carminic acid, 1 Gm., aluminium chloride, 0.5 
Gm., calcium chloride, 4 Gm., in 100 Cc. of 70% alco- 
hol, with or without heat. Filter, after precipitation, 
and the solution will have a clear red color. Suitable 
for staining bulky objects with large cavities, such as 
Salpa. methylene-blue. An important reagent, 
which gives a specific stain for lymph-spaces and in- 
tercellular cement, closely resembling gold and silver 
impregnation, for medullated nerves, and for plasma- 
cells. It also stains intra vitam, and is a specific re- 
agent for the axis-cylinders of sensory nerves in living 
animals (Ehrlich). Small and permeable aquatic 
organisms may be stained during life by adding to the 
water containing them enough of the dye to give it a 
very pale tint. Nerve-tissue may be stained by in- 
jecting the dye into the vascular system of a living, 
narcotized animal, or by removing the organ and 
immersing it in the solution. From 0.5 to 1% so- 



lutions in physiological salt solution are employed for 
this purpose. The color is not permanent, but may 
be fixed by ammonium picrate. Parker fixes the 
color by dehydrating in a solution of mercury bi- 
chloride, 1 Gm.,inmethylol 5 Cc; washing in a mix- 
ture of 2 parts of the methylol and sublimate solu- 
tion, 1 part pure methylol, 3 parts xylol. The object 
is then placed in xylol for 4 or 5 days, when it is ready 
to mount or embed. Mayer's albumin should not 
be used to fix sections to the slide, as it discharges the 
color. A solution of 0.25 Gm. in 90% alcohol, 20 
Cc, and distilled water, 80 Cc, is used for tissue- 
staining. A 1% and a saturated alcoholic (15 Gm. to 
100 Cc.) solution are used for staining microorgan- 
isms, methyl-green. This is chiefly used as a nu- 
clear stain for fresh or recently fixed tissues; it is also 
a reagent for amyloid degeneration (Heschl), giving a 
violet color. Use 0.5 Gm. of methyl-green in 20 Cc. 
of 90% alcohol, 80 Cc. of distilled water, and 1 Cc. of 
acetic acid. Stain the tissue for 5 minutes, wash in 
acidulated water, differentiate in 90% alcohol, and 
dehydrate. The nuclein reaction depends on the 
presence of acetic acid. Arnold recommends a dilute 
solution of methyl-green containing 0.6% sodium 
chloride for staining cells and nuclei. Bizzozero has 
observed that the elements of blood and pus, also 
ciliated epithelium and spermatozoa, do not stain 
with methyl-green if the cells are highly alkaline: if 
the alkalinity is diminished, they are dyed violet; if 
the cells are acid, they are colored green. Carnoy 
regards methyl-green as the best stain for nucleoli, 
methyl-violet. A good chromatin stain. Dissolve 
0.5 Gm. in 200 Cc. of distilled water and 5 Cc of 
glacial acetic acid. Stain sections for 20 minutes, 
wash in distilled water, and then in equal parts of 
glycerol and water. Mount in Farrant's medium. 
This is also a reagent for tissues undergoing amyloid 
degeneration. The amyloid substance stains pink. 

1. (Alcoholic). Methyl-violet, 25 Gm.; absolute al- 
cohol, 100 Cc. 2. (Aqueous). Methyl-violet, 1 Gm.; 
alcohol, 20 Cc. ; distilled water, 80 Cc. muchematein. 
A specific stain for mucin. 1. Pulverize 0.2 Gm. of 
hematin with a few drops of glycerol and then add 
0.1 Gm. of aluminum chloride, 40 Cc. of glycerol, and 
60 Cc. of water. 2. Dissolve 0.2 Gm. of hematin 
and 0.1 Gm. of aluminum chloride in 100 Cc of 70% 
alcohol. Two drops of nitric acid may be added, 
mucicarmin. A specific stain for mucin. Rub 1 Gm. of 
carmin in a mortar with 0.5 Gm. of aluminum chloride 
and 2 Cc. of distilled water; heat for 2 minutes, 
until the light-red color changes to dark; stir and add 
a little 50% alcohol; when dissolved, make up to 100 
Cc. with 50% alcohol, and after 24 hours filter. For 
use dilute tenfold with water or with 50% alcohol. 
Mueller's Berlin blue. Precipitate a strong solution 
of Berlin blue with 90% alcohol. The fluid is neutral 
and the precipitate finely divided. Mueller's fluid. 
This agent is very extensively used, as it penetrates 
well and hardens evenly. It has the following com- 
position: potassium dichromate, 2.5 parts; sodium 
suphate, 1 part; water, 100 parts. The addition of a 
little camphor, chloral, thymol, or naphthalene will 
prevent the formation of mold. The time required 
for hardening depends on the size of the object. This 
fluid diluted to 0.2% is used as a macerating agent. 
Nissl's method (for ganglion-cells). 1. Stain sections 
of tissue hardened in 10% formalin or in graded al- 
cohols in hot concentrated aqueous fuchsin solution. 

2. Stain in hot 0.5% methylene-blue; when cool, trans- 
fer to a mixture of anilin (20 parts) and 90% alcohol 
(200 parts); then treat with origanum oil, then with 
benzine, and mount in solution of colophonium in 
benzine. 3- Mount the hardened tissue on cork (with- 
out embedding), cut sections and stain them in hot 
Nissl's methylene-blue; treat with the anilin-alcohol 
mixture, then with cajeput oil, then as in 2. Nissl's 
methylene-blue. Methylene-blue (B patent), 3-75 
parts; Venice soap, 1.75 parts; distilled water, 1000 
parts, nitric acid. An efficacious agent, which causes 
no swelling and does not attack the tissue-elements. 
It is used in 1 and in 10% solution, the latter for large, 
hard bones, the former for young bones. The spec- 
imens should previously have been fixed in absolute 
alcohol, and the decalcifying fluid changed daily. 
They must be removed as soon as decalcification is 
complete or they will become discolored. They are 
then washed in running water for two hours and 
preserved in alcohol, which should be renewed in a 
few days. Nocht's stain (for blood). Original meth- 
od : Unna's polychrome methylene-blue is neutralized 



STAIN 



835 



STAIN 



with dilute acetic acid. Solution A: i Cc. of this 
neutralized polychrome methylene-blue is mixed in a 
watch-crystal with a saturated aqueous solution of 
ordinary methylene-blue until its red color disappears 
and the solution becomes blue. Solution B : Dilute 3 
or 4 drops of 1% aqueous solution of eosin with 1 or 

2 Cc. water. Add solution A drop by drop to solu- 
tion B until B is dark blue; a precipitate has then been 
formed. In this mixture blood-films are to be stained 
for several hours up to 24 hours. Fix films in alco- 
hol or by heat. Subsequent modification: Solution 
A: The polychrome methylene-blue solution. To a 
1% aqueous solution of methylene-blue add 1 or 
0.5% Na 2 C0 3 . Heat at 50 C. to 6o° C. (i22°-i40° 
F.) for several days. Solution B: Dilute 2 or 3 drops 
of 1% aqueous solution of eosin with 1 or 2 Cc. water. 
To solution B add solution A drop by drop until the 
mixture is dark blue and has lost its eosin tint. To 
stain, float blood-films face down on this mixture for 
from 5 to 10 minutes, normal salt solution. Sodium 
chloride, 6-7.5 Gm. ; distilled water, 1000 Co Used in 
the study of living structures, paraffin infiltration 
and embedding. The initial step in this process 
consists in the infiltration of the object with a clear- 
ing agent; that is, by some substance which is a sol- 
vent of paraffin. It is then immersed in melted paraf- 
fin until it is thoroughly saturated. The paraffin 
should be kept just at the melting-point and should 
be renewed if the object is large. The duration of 
the bath depends on the size of the object. When 
this second step in the process is completed, embed 
in paraffin, as in simple embedding. To prevent 
crystallization of the paraffin the embedded object 
should be quickly cooled, which may be done by float- 
ing it in the containing receptacle on cold water. 
phenol and xylol. A mixture of 1 part of phenol and 

3 parts of xylol is used to clarify celloidin sections, 
which may be taken from 70% alcohol, and do not 
require further dehydration. A layer of previously 
heated copper sulphate in the bottom of the bottle 
will keep the mixture free from water, pianese dou- 
ble stain. Prepare a saturated solution of nigrosin 
in a saturated alcoholic solution of picric acid; mix 2 
volumes of this with 1 volume of anilin water and 
evaporate in open air. The crystals deposited are 
dissolved in absolute alcohol, and from this solution 
green crystals are obtained soluble in alcohol, ether, 
and water. For tissues, make a 2% solution in al- 
cohol; for microorganisms, in water. Stain sections 
first in lithium-carmin, treat with acid alcohol, wash, 
and immerse in an alcoholic solution of picronigrosin 
until they assume a brown hue. Decolorize in oxalic 
acid. Nuclei are stained red; plasma, dark-yellow; 
cartilage, yellow; connective tissue, pale green; elas- 
tic fibers, violet, picric acid. A fixing agent of great 
penetration, and, therefore, especially suitable for the 
preparation of chitinous structures. A saturated 
solution is employed. The time required for fixation 
varies from a minute to a day, and depends on the 
size of the object. Wash out in alcohol and stain in 
alcoholic solutions, picric alcohol. A saturated so- 
lution of picric acid in 50% alcohol, picronigrosin. 
A solution of 1 Gm. of picric acid in 100 Co of distilled 
water with the addition of 1 Gm. of nigrosin. Plehn's 
method. 1. For the study of the living malarial para- 
site: Place a drop of fluid paraffin on a slide and a drop 
on a cover-glass; take up the drop of blood on the lat- 
ter and so place it on the slide that the blood is be- 
tween the drops of paraffin. Examine on a warm 
stage. The addition of a drop of methylene-blue 
will stain the living organisms. 2. For malarial films 
fixed in absolute alcohol: Stain for 5 minutes in a mix- 
ture of concentrated aqueous solution of methylene- 
blue, 60 Co, 0.5% solution of eosin in 75% alcohol, 
20 Co, distilled water, 20 Co, and 20% potash lye, 
12 drops, polychrome methylene-blue. A reddish- 
violet dye sometimes present as an impurity in com- 
mercial methylene-blue, or that develops in old, 
ripened, or alkaline solutions of methylene-blue. It 
is used for staining cell-granules. See Unna's Meth- 
od, potassium permanganate (Du Pleiss). Useful 
for the study of isolated and very contractile cells, as 
spermatozoa. It is said to kill more rapidly than any 
other agent, 2% osmic acid not excepted. A sat- 
urated aqueous solution is used. It is also used for 
washing out overstaining with carmin, and in 1% so- 
lution as a mordant for anilin dyes (Henneguy) and 
for reducing silver impregnations. Rosenberger's 
method. 1. For staining blood: Fix the films by heat 
or in absolute alcohol or alcohol and ether and stain 



in a mixture of 10 Cc. of a saturated aqueous solution 
of methylene-blue, 4 Co of a saturated aqueous so- 
lution of phloxin, 6 Co of 95% alcohol, and 12 Cc. of 
distilled water. 2. For staining the tubercle bacillus: 
The essential point in this process is the use of sweet 
spirit of niter for bleaching; it is also mixed with al- 
coholic solutions of methylene-blue, malachite green, 
Bismarck brown, and gentian-violet, safranin. Pfit- 
zner's formula: Safranin (Griibler's), 1 part; absolute 
alcohol, 100 parts; water, 200 parts. Flemming uses 
a concentrated alcoholic solution diluted one-half 
with water. Babes' formula: (a) Equal parts of a 
concentrated alcoholic and a concentrated aqueous 
solution; (b) water, 100 parts; anilin oil, 2 parts; saf- 
ranin, in excess. The latter may be used according 
to the method of Gram, and is recommended for the 
demonstration of mitotic figures. Scheele's green 
mass, (a) Mix 80 Co of a saturated solution of potas- 
sium arseniate and 50 Cc. of glycerol. (6) Take 40 
Cc. of a saturated solution of copper sulphate and 50 
Cc. of glycerol. Combine the two solutions with three 
volumes of the vehicle, substantive staining. A 
histological stain obtained by direct absorption of the 
pigment from the solution in which the tissue is im- 
mersed. Dyes that combine directly with the sub- 
stance acted on are called substantive dyes, sub- 
tractive staining. A socalled theory of Heidenhain's, 
based on the hypothesis that a general stain satisfies 
the affinities of some cell-structures, that hold it in 
subsequent treatment with specific dyes, while the 
other structures give up the general stain and then 
take the specific stain, sudan III. A selective 
stain for fat. Prepare a saturated solution in 95% 
alcohol, dilute two- thirds with 50% alcohol, and filter. 
Stain sections for from 5 to 10 minutes, wash for 
about the same time in 60 or 70% alcohol, and 
mount in glycerol. Small oil-drops yellow, large 
ones orange. For staining the fat-granules in the 
elements of tissues undergoing fatty degeneration use 
the undiluted stain. The tissue may be fixed in 
Mueller's fluid or cut fresh on the freezing microtome. 
thionin. The uses and technique are the same as for 
methylene-blue. A saturated solution in 50% alco- 
hol diluted with 5 volumes of water is used for stain- 
ing. Thoma's method {for the numeration of leuko- 
cytes). Dilute the blood in the proportion of 1 : 10 
with water containing 0.3% anhydrous acetic acid. 
This dissolves the colored blood-cells. Unna's hem- 
atoxylin. A constant half -ripe stock solution. Hem- 
atoxylin, 1. Gm; alum, 10 Gm.; alcohol, 100 Co; 
water, 200 Co; sublimed sulphur, 2 Cc. If the sul- 
phur is added 2 or 3 days after preparing the hema- 
toxylin solution, it will arrest oxidation and the stain 
will be ready for use at this stage. The oxidation of 
alum-hematoxylin solutions can be instantaneously 
accomplished by adding a little neutralized hydro- 
gen dioxid. Unna's method. For collagen: 1. Stain 
sections of alcohol material for 5 minutes in strong 
solution of polychrome methylene-blue, then for 15 
minutes in neutral 1% solution of orcein in absolute 
alcohol; wash in alcohol; bergamot; balsam. Col- 
lagen, dark red; nuclei, blue; granules of mast-cells, 
carmin red; cytoplasm of plasma-cells, blue. 2. 
Stain sections for 20 seconds in 1% solution of water- 
blue (Wasserblau) ; wash and stain for 5 minutes in 
neutral aqueous 1% solution of safranin; wash in 
water and then treat with absolute alcohol until the 
blue color reappears; collagen, sky-blue; nuclei, red; 
cytoplasm, violet. 3. For collagen, elastin, and 
smooth muscle: Stain with hot orcein for 10 minutes, 
wash in dilute alcohol, stain with hematein for 10 
minutes, and treat for a few seconds with acid alco- 
hol; wash, and place in a 2% solution of acid fuchsin 
for 5 minutes, in saturated aqueous solution of picric 
acid for 2 minutes, then in saturated alcoholic solu- 
tion of picric acid for 2 minutes; absolute alcohol; oil; 
balsam. Elastin, brown-red; collagen, red; muscle- 
fibers, yellow with gray-violet nuclei. 4. For elastin 
and smooth muscle: Stain as in 3, substituting poly- 
chrome methylene-blue for hematein and 1% potas- 
sium permanganate for the acid alcohol. Elastin, 
brown-red; collagen, decolored; muscle-fibers, violet. 
5. For smooth muscle: Stain sections for 10 minutes 
in polychrome methylene-blue; wash, and fix in 1 % 
red prussiate of potash; differentiate in acid alcohol 
for 10 minutes; absolute alcohol; oil; balsam. The 
collagen is decolored. 6. For keratohyalin: Over- 
stain in hematoxylin, treat for 10 seconds with 0.5 % 
solution of potassium permanganate, and wash in 
alcohol; or place the stained sections in 33 % solution 



STAIN 



836 



STAND. 



of iron sulphate for 10 seconds, or in 10 % solution 
of iron chloride. 7. For epithelia: Stain sections 
for 10 minutes in neutral aqueous 1 % solution of 
water blue; wash, and stain for 10 minutes in 1% 
solution of orcein. Or overstain sections of alcohol 
material in polychrome methylene-blue and differ- 
entiate in Unna's glycerol-ether mixture (Griibler); 
or in a mixture of alcohol, 10 parts; xylol, 15 parts; 
anilin, 25 parts; and transfer to xylol; or in a mixture 
of xylol, 30 parts; alcohol, 20 parts; then transfer 
to xylol and then to anilin containing alum to satura- 
tion (agitated and filtered before using). 8. For 
plasma-cells and mast-cells: Apply the methods for 
epithelia. 9. For overcoming the decoloration of bacteria 
in the process of dehydrating in alcohol: Transfer the sec- 
tion from the decolorizing fluid to the slide, remove as 
much as possible of the water by means of filter- 
paper, and then heat the slide over flame until the 
section is dry; when cold, mount in balsam. Wal- 
deyer's method {for the fixing and decalcification of 
bone). Fix the fresh object in chromium trioxide 
(1 : .600) ; decalcify in a mixture of chromium tri- 
oxide (1 : 200) 100 Cc. and nitric acid 2 Cc. Wash 
thoroughly and harden in alcohol. Weigert's 
differentiating fluid. Borax, 2 Gm.; potassium 
ferricyanide, 2.5 Gm.; distilled water, 200 Cc. Used 
after hematoxylin. Weigert's method. 1. For fibrin: 
Make celloidin sections and stain one minute in 
Weigert's fibrin stain (5 % solution of gentian-violet, 
4.4 Cc; 96 % alcohol, 6 Cc; anilin oil, 1 Cc). Dry 
with unsized printing paper and add a drop of Gram's 
solution saturated with iodine. Most of the stained 
parts are decolorized. Remove the iodine with 
printing paper; clear in equal parts of anilin oil and 
xylol, renewing it until all the water is removed. 
The water gives the section a white appearance. 
Dry with filter-paper, wash well with xylol, and 
mount in xylol balsam. 2/ For neuroglia: Fix for 
8 days in the following mixture: dissolve 2.5 Gm. 
chrome alum in 100 Cc. water, by heat, and while 
hot add 5 parts each of acetic acid and pulverized 
copper acetate, when cold, 10 parts of formalin. 
Embed in celloidin. Treat the sections for 10 
minutes with 0.3 % solution of potassium permanga- 
nate, wash in water, and reduce in the following: 
5 parts each of chromogen and formic acid in 100 
parts of water, to which, after filtering, add 10 parts 
of a 10 % solution of sodium sulphite. After 3 hours 
transfer to 5 % chromogen and after 24 hours stain 
in the following: saturate hot 75 %, alcohol with 
methyl-violet, decant when cold, and to each 100 Cc. 
add s Cc. of 5 % aqueous solution of oxalic acid; 
differentiate in a saturated solution of iodine in 5 % 
solution of potassium iodide ; decolorize in a mixture 
of equal volumes of anilin and xylol, wash in xylol, 
and mount in balsam. 3. Without decolorizing: 
Tissues hardened in Mueller's fluid and alcohol are 
embedded in celloidin, and then put into a mixture 
of equal parts of a. 10 % solution of sodium-potassium 
tartrate and a cold saturated solution of copper 
acetate, which is kept at from 38 to 40 C. (86°- 
104 F.). They are next placed in a half-saturated 
solution of copper acetate at the same temperature 
for 48 hours. The blocks, rinsed in water, may be 
kept in 80 % alcohol and cut at any time. The 
staining fluid is composed of 1 part of an alcoholic 
hematoxylin solution (1 : 10) and 9 parts of a satu- 
rated solution of lithium carbonate; this fluid is to 
be freshly made. Stain for from 4 to 12 hours; 
wash, dehydrate in 90 % alcohol, and clear in anilin 
xylol (2:1), then in pure xylol, and mount in xylol 
balsam. The advantage of the method is the clear- 
ness with which the fine medullated fibers are dis- 
tinguished from the cells and other parts, and it 
is less tedious than the old method. Wright's stain 
(for blood). Preparation of the neutral stain. Solu- 
tion A: Make a 0.5 % aqueous solution of the Na- 
HCO3, being careful to bring all the salt into solution 
before going on to the next step. Then add 1 % of 
methylene-blue (Griibler 's methylene-blue, "Bx," 
"Koch," or "Ehrtich's rectified"). Steam this in 
an Arnold sterilizer for 1 hour after steam is up. 
Cool. Solution B: 0.1 % aqueous solution of eosin 
(Griibler, "yellowish, soluble in water"). Add 
solution B to solution A until the mixture becomes 
purple, a metallic scum forms on the surface, and a 
finely granular black precipitate appears in suspen- 
sion. (About 500 Cc. of solution B to 100 Cc of 
solution A.) Filter off the precipitate. Do not 
wash it. Dry. Preparation of the staining solution. 



Make a saturated solution of the precipitate in pure 
methyl-alcohol (0.3 Gm. in 100 Cc. methyl-alcohol). 
Filter, and add an additional 25 % of the original 
volume of methyl-alcohol used. This prevents 
precipitation of the stain on the film. Cover the 
film with the stain for 1 minute. Without pouring 
off the stain add water drop by drop until the mixture 
is translucent at the edges and a yellowish metallic 
scum forms on the surface. Stain in this diluted 
stain for 2 to 3 minutes. Wash in distilled water 
until the film becomes pink. Dry between filter- 
papers. Staining reactions: Lymphocytes: nuclei, 
dark purplish-blue; cytoplasm, robin's-egg blue; 
large mononuclears: nuclei, blue; cytoplasm, pale 
blue; polymorphonuclear neutrophils: nuclei, blue; 
granules, reddish-lilac; eosinophils: nuclei, blue; 
granules, blue; mastzellen: nuclei, blue to purplish; 
granules, dark blue or purple; myelocytes: nuclei, 
dark blue or lilac; granules, dark or reddish-lilac; 
blood-platelets stain blue or purplish; malarial 
parasites: nuclei, chromatin portion, lilac-red to 
black; cytoplasm, blue, xylol. Used for paraffin 
and celloidin sections. It causes shrinkage if the 
sections are not thoroughly dehydrated. Zenker's 
fluid. Dissolve 25 Gm. potassium dichromate, 10 
Gm. sodium sulphate, and 50 Gm. mercuric chloride 
in 1000 Cc. warm distilled water. At the time of 
using add to each 20 Cc. 1 Cc. of glacial acetic acid. 
Fix the tissue for from 24 to 48 hours; wash for 
24 hours in running water. Harden in the dark in 
the ascending series of alcohols. For the removal 
of the precipitate add to the $0 % alcohol enough 
tincture of iodine to impart the color of port-wine, 
and repeat the addition daily until the color does not 
fade. Preserve in 90 % alcohol. Ziehl-Neelsen 
method. Float the cover-glass preparation upon 
Ziehl's carbolfuchsin; heat until vapor arises (about 
3 to S minutes), wash in water, and decolorize in 
15 % nitric or 5 % sulphuric acid, then in 60 to 80 % 
alcohol to remove the remnant of color. Wash 
well, dry, and mount in balsam. In the case of 
tissue-sections, stain cold for 15 minutes and de- 
colorize as detailed; upon removal from the alcohol 
counterstain with methylene-blue; wash, dehydrate, 
clear, and mount. 

staining, in vitro method of. A method of study- 
ing, under the miscrocope, the diffusion 'into living 
cells of dyes contained in agar jelly spread on glass 
slides. 

staircase (star'-kas) [ME., staire, stair; case]. 
A continuous series of responses to nerve-stimuli, 
varying from a minimal intensity to a maximum 
intensity. (Romanes.) See summation. 

stairs sign. Difficulty in descending stairs; one 
of the early symptoms of locomotor ataxia. 

stalagmometer (stal-ag-mom'-et-er) [<rTa\ayn6s, a 
dropping; tikrrov, a measure]. An instrument for 
measuring the size of drops, or the number of drops 
in a given volume of liquid. It is used to measure 
the surface tension of liquids. 

stalagmometry (stal-ag-mom'-et-re) [stalagmometer]. 
A method of diagnosis based upon the determination 
of the relative degree of surface tension or capillarity 
possessed by the body-fluids. 

stalk (stawk) [ME., stalken]. Any lengthened 
support to an organ. 

stamen (sta'-men). The pollen-bearing organ of 
the flower, when complete consisting of a stalk of 
filament and a pollen-sac or anther. 

stamina (slam'-in-ah). Natural strength of con- 
stitution. Vigor. Inherent force. 

staminode (stam' -in- od). Same as staminodium. 

staminodium (stam-in-o' -de-um) [o-t-ohuv, a thread; 
elSos, form]. In biology, a stamen-like organ; a 
rudimentary or aborted stamen; a parastemon. See 
lepal. 

stammer (stam'-er) [AS., stamur, stammering]. 
To speak interruptedly or with hesitation. 

stammering (stam'-er-ing). Interrupted or hesi- 
tating speech, s. bladder. See bladder, stammering. 

stamp-licker's tongue. An inflammatory condi- 
tion of the mouth occurring in those who moisten 
stamps or other labels with the tongue. 

stamper (stamp' -er). A name for one affected with 
locomotor ataxia, from the stamping gait incident 
to it. 

stanch (stanch, or stawnch) [ME., staunche, stanch]. 
To check or stop (a flow) ; as to stanch a hemorrhage 
or a wound. 

stand. To have an upright posture. Also, a 



STANDARD 



837 



STAPHYLYGROMA 



frame or a table to place things upon, s., micro- 
scope, the tripod or base of the microscope with the 
tube, but without eye-pieces and objectives. 

standard (stan'-dard) [extender e, to spread out]. 
I. An established rule or model. 2. Something 
used for comparison, s. candle, a spermaceti candle 
used as a standard of light; it burns at the rate of 
two grains a minute, s. solution, a solution con- 
taining a definite quantity of a reagent. 

standardization (stan-dar-diz-a'-shun). Regulation 
by a standard; conformity to or use as a standard of 
comparison; the bringing of a preparation up to a 
definite standard. 

standstill (stand' -stil). A state of quiescence 
dependent upon suspended action, s., expiratory, 
suspension of action at the end of expiration, s., 
inspiratory, a halt in the respiratory cycle at the end 
of inspiration when the lungs are filled with air. 
The condition can be produced by stimulating the 
central end of the cut vagus, s., respiratory, sus- 
pended respiration. 

stannate (stan'-at). A salt of stannic acid. 

stannic (stan'-ik) [stannum]. 1. Pertaining to 
stannum, or tin. 2. Containing tin as a tetrad 
element, s. acid, EhSnOs. A gelatinous white 
precipitate which, on drying, forms a translucent 
vitreous mass. It is dibasic, s. chloride, SnCU, a 
thin white liquid. 

stanniferous (stan-if'-er-us) [stannum; ferre, to 
bear]. Yielding or containing tin. 

stannite (stan'-it). Tin sulphide; bell-metal. 

Stannius' ligature, or experiments (stan'-e-us) 
[Herman Friedrich Stannius, German physiologist, 
1808-1883]. 1. Separation by a ligature of the 
sinus venosus from the remainder of the frog's heart 
causes the latter to remain distended in diastole, 
while the former continues its rhythmic pulsations. 
Mechanical excitation of the auricle or ventricle pro- 
duces a single contraction, which is repeated only 
when a new stimulus is applied. 2. If a ligature is 
placed around the groove dividing the auricles from 
the ventricle, there occurs a rhythmic contraction of 
the ventricle, while the auricles remain quiescent. 

stannous (stan'-us). Containing tin as a bivalent 
element. 

stannum (stan'-um) [L.]. Tin; see tin. s. cin- 
ereum, bismuth, s. glaciale, bismuth, s. indicum, 
zinc. 

stapedectomy (sta-pe-dek'-to-me) [stapes; Iktoh^, 
excision]. Excision of the stapes. 

stapedial (sta-pe'-de-al) [stapes]. 1. Shaped like 
a stirrup. 2. Relating to the stapes. 

stapediotenotomy (sta-pe-di-o-ten-ot'-om-e) [stapes; 
tenotomy]. Cutting of the tendon of the stapedius 
muscle. 

stapediovestibular (sta-pe-de-o-ves-tib'-u-lar) 

[stapes; vestibulum, vestibule]. Relating to the 
stapes and the vestibule. 

stapedius (sta-pe'-de-us) [stapes]. See under 
muscle. 

stapes (sta'-pez) [L., "a stirrup"]. The stirrup- 
shaped bone of the middle ear, articulating with the 
incus and the fenestra ovalis. 

staphisagria (slaf-is-ag'-re-ah) [ara^ls, a dried 
grape; aypuos, wild]. Stavesacre. The staphisagria 
of the U. S. P. is the ripe seed of Delphinium staphisag- 
ria, of the order Ranunculacece. It contains the 
alkaloids delphinine, C28H37NO5, delphinoidine, C42H68- 
N2O7, delphisine, C27H46N2O4, and staphisagrine, 
C32H33NO5. It has been used locally as an applica- 
tion in rheumatism, and as an ointment to destroy 
lice and itch-mites, s., fiuidextract of (fluidex- 
tr actum staphisagria, U. S. P.). Dose 1 min. (0.06 Co). 

staphisagrine (sta-fis-a'-gren) [oralis, dried grape; 
&7PIOS, wild]. An amorphous alkaloid obtained from 
staphisagria. 

staphylagrum, staphylagra (slaf-il-a'-grum, staf- 
il-a'-grah) [oTa.<t>v\-q, uvula; ayptlv, to take hold of]. 
An instrument formerly used to hold the uvula during 
amputation of that body. 

staphyle (staf'-i-le) [o-tcu/wXi?, a bunch of grapes]. 
The uvula. 

staphyledema (staf-il-e-de'-mah) [staphylo-; edema]. 
Edema of the uvula. Any morbid enlargement of 
the uvula. 

staphyleus (staf-il-e'-us) [ara<pv\ri, the uvula]. 
Pertaining to the uvula. 

staphylhematoma, staphylhaematoma (staf-il-hem- 
at-o'-ma) [oTa<j>y\-h, uvula; alp.a, blood; 6/xa, tumor]. 
An extravasation of blood into the uvula. 



staphyline (staf'-il-in) [ara<i>v\ri, uvula]. Pertain- 
ing to the uvula or to the entire palate, s. glands. 
Synonym of palatine glands. 

staphylinopharyngeus (staf-il-i-no-far-in'-je-us) 

[staphyle; pharynx]. 1. Relating to the palate and 
pharynx. 2. The palatopharyngeus. See under 
muscle. 

staphylinus (staf-il-i'-nus) [staphyle]. 1. Palatal. 
2. See s. medius. s. externus, the tensor palati. 
s. internus, the levator palati. s. medius, the 
azygos uvula? muscle. See under muscle. 

staphylion (sta-fil'-e-on) [<TTa<j>v\ri, uvula]. The 
middle point of the posterior nasal spine. 

staphylitis (staf-il-i'-tis) [staphyle; ins, inflamma- 
tion]. Inflammation of the uvula. 

staphylo- (staf-il-o-) [WcktjuXt/, uvula]. A prefix 
denoting pertaining to the uvula. 

staphyloangina (staf-il-o-an'-jin-ah). Walsh's term 
for pseudomembranous inflammations of the throat 
due to infection by staphylococci. 

staphylocausticum (staf-il-o-kaws'-tik-um) [staph- 
ylo-; caustic]. A caustic used for application to the 
uvula. 

staphylococcemia, staphylococcemia (staf-il-o-kok- 
se'-me-ah) [staphylococcus; alfia, blood]. A morbid 
condition due to the presence of staphylococci in 
the blood. 

staphylococcia (staf-il-o-kok'-se-ah). General in- 
fection with staphylococci. 

Staphylococcus (staf-il-o-kok'-us) [<rTa<t>v\ri, grape; 
kokkos, berry]. A micrococcus; a genus of Schizo- 
mycetes in which the cocci are irregularly clustered 
like a bunch of grapes. See Micrococci, table of. 

staphylocosis (staf-il-o-ko'-sis). Infection by 
staphylococci. 

staphylodialysis (staf-il-o-di-al'-is-is) [staphylo-; 
5idXu<m, relaxationl. Relaxation of the uvula. 

staphylohemia, staphylohaemia (staf-il-o-he'-me- 
ah). See staphylococcemia. 

staphylolysin (staf-il-ol'-is-in) [staphylococcus; \veip, 
to loosen], Neisser and Wechsberg's name for a 
hemolysin produced by Staphylococcus aureus and 
5. albus. 

staphyloma (staf-il-o' -mah) [aracpvXcona, a defect 
in the eye]. A bulging of the cornea or sclera of the 
eye. s. sequatoriale, s. aequatoris, s., equatorial, 
staphyloma of the sclera in the equatorial region, 
s., annular, one surrounded on all sides by atrophic 
choroid, s., anterior. See keratoglobus. s., ciliary, 
one in the region of the ciliary body. s. corneae, 
a bulging of the cornea due to a thinning of the 
membrane with or without previous ulceration. 
s., intercalary, one developing in that region of the 
sclera which is united with the periphery of the iris, 
s., posterior, s. posticum, a backward bulging of the 
sclerotic coat at the posterior pole of the eye. s., 
Scarpa's, posterior staphyloma; staphyloma of the 
posterior segment of the sclera, s. uveale, thickening 
of the iris. Syn., iridoncosis. 

staphyloma tic, staphylomatous (staf-il-o-mat'-ik, 
staf-il-o' -mat-us) . Pertaining to, of the nature of, or 
affected with, staphyloma. 

staphylomycosis (staf-il-o-mi-ko'-sis) [staphylococ- 
cus; mycosis], A morbid condition due to staphylo- 
cocci. 

staphyloncus (staf-il-ong'-kus) [ara<j>v\ri, uvula; 
67/coj, tumor]. Swelling of the uvula. 

staphylopharyngorrhaphy (staf-il-o-far-in-gor'-af-e) 
[staphylo-; pharynx; pa<j>-q, a suture]. See PassavanVs 
operation. 

staphyloplasmin (staf-il-o-plaz'-min) [staphylococ- 
cus; plasmin]. Staphylococcus toxin. 

staphyloplasty (staf'-il-o-plas-te) [staphylo-; ir\aa- 
treiv, to mold]. A plastic operation on the soft palate 
or uvula. • 

staphyloptosis (staf-il-op-to'-sis) [staphylo-; tttGhtis, 
falling]. Abnormal elongation of the uvula. 

staphylorrhaphy (staf-il-or' -a-fe) [staphylo-; pacj>r), 
suture]. Suture of a cleft soft palate. 

staphylostreptococcia (staf-il-o-strep-lo-kok'-se-ah). 
Infection by both staphylococci and streptococci. 

staphylotome (staf -il-o-tom) [staphylo-; tout), a 
cutting]. A cutting instrument used in staphylot- 
omy. 

staphylotomy (staf'-il-ot-o-me) [staphylo-; tow, a 
cutting]. 1. The operation of incising or removing 
the uvula. 2. The operation of incising a staphyloma. 

staphylotoxin (slaf-il-o-toks'-in). See staphylolysin. 

staphylygroma (staf -il-ig-ro' -mah) [<TTa<f>v\r), the 
uvula; vypos, wet]. Synonym of staphyledema. 



STAPHYSINA 



838 



STATUS 



staphysina (staf-is-i'-nah) [o-tck/us, a dried grape]. 
A product obtained by Thompson from the seeds of 
Delphinium staphisagria. 

star [ME., starve]. In biology applied to various 
radiate structures, granules, cells, groups of cells, 
or organisms, s.-anise. See illicium. s.-cells, en- 
dothelial cells of vessels, first described by Kupffer, 
and regarded as nervous elements on account of 
their shape and thin, elongated processes, but 
afterward shown to belong to the endothelial tissues; 
they have the power of inclosing various granules. 
Syn., Kupffer' s cells, s., daughter-. See diaster. 
s. -grass. See aletris. s.s of Verheyn, the star- 
shaped figures formed by the stellate veins of the 
kidney, beneath the capsule, s.s, Winslow's, 
capillary whorls which form the beginning of the 
vorticose veins of the choroid. Syn., Stella vascu- 
losce winslowii. 

starblind [AS., stcerblind]. Half blind; blinking. 
starch [AS., stearc, stiff]. A carbohydrate (CeHio- 
05)n, widely distributed in the vegetable kingdom, 
occurring in peculiar concentrically marked granules 
or grains. When heated with water, the granules 
swell up, burst, partially dissolve, and form starch 
paste. The soluble portion is called granulose, the 
insoluble is cellulose. Iodine produces a characteristic 
blue coloration with starch. The most important 
varieties of starch are: potato-starch, leguminous 
starch, wheat-starch (amylum, U. S. P., B. P.), 
sago-starch, rice-starch, s., animal. 1. See glyco- 
gen. 2. See bodies, amylaceous, s., corn-. See 
corn-starch, s.-enema, an enema consisting of 
starch-water, s., glycerite of. See amyli, glyceritum, 
under amylum. s., iodized, iodide of starch, a dark 
powder containing 2 % of iodine; a disinfectant and 
internal and external antiseptic. Dose 3-10 gr. 
(0.2-0.66 Gra.). s., soluble, a white powder obtained 
by heating starch and glycerol and adding strong 
alcohol during the cooling; it is used as an emulsifier. 
Syn., amylodextrin. s.-water, a mixture of wheat- 
starch and water, used chiefly as an emollient 
enema. 

starter (start'-er) [ME., starten, to start]. A pure 
culture of bacteria employed to start some particular 
fermentation, as in the ripening of cream. 

Startin's bandage {star' -tin). A bandage impreg- 
nated with a mixture of paraffin and stearin. 

starvation (star-va'-shun) [AS., steorfan, to die]. 
Deprivation of food; the state produced by depriva- 
tion of food. 

stasibasiphobia {sta-se-ba-se-fo'-be-ah) [oTa<ns, 
standing; /3do-«, a step, walk; <t>6(ios, fear]. A peculiar 
fear in consequence of which the act of walking or 
of standing becomes impossible. 

Stas's process (stahs). See Stas-Otto method. 
stasimetry (stas-im'-et-re) [stasis; nerpov, a measure]. 
Bitot's term for the estimation of the consistence of 
soft organic bodies. 

stasimorphy (stas'-e-mor-fe) [stasis; nop<t>v, form]. 
Deviation from the normal from arrest of develop- 
ment. 

stasiphobia (stas-i-fo'-be-ah) [stasis; <f>6fios, fear]. 
Fear of standing upright. 

stasis (sta'-sis) [o-rd<m, from la-ravai, to stand]. 
A standstill of the current of any of the fluids of the 
body, especially of the blood, s., diffusion, stasis 
in which there occurs diffusion of serum or lymph, 
s., intestinal, an undue delay in the passage of fecal 
material along the intestines, s., venous, stasis due 
to venous congestion. ' 

Stas-Otto method (stahs' -ot'-o) [Jean Servais Stas, 
Belgian chemist, 1813-1801]. A method of extracting 
the putrefactive alkaloids from tissues. It depends 
upon the fact that the salts of the alkaloids are 
soluble in water and in alcohol, and generally in- 
soluble in ether, and may be removed from alkaline 
fluids by agitation with ether. The method is ap- 
plied as follows: "Treat the mass with twice its weight 
of pure 90 per cent, alcohol, and from 10 to 30 grains 
of tartaric or oxalic acid; digest the whole for some 
time at about 70 C. and filter. Evaporate the 
filtrate at a temperature not exceeding 35 C, either 
in a strong current of air or in vacuo over sulphuric 
acid. Take up the residue with absolute alcohol, 
filter, and evaporate again at a low temperature. 
Dissolve the residue in water, alkalinize with sodium 
bicarbonate, and agitate with ether. After separa- 
tion, remove the ether and allow it to evaporate 
spontaneously. The residue may be further purified 
by redissolving in water and again extracting with 



ether. The method has been modified in some of 
its details, especially by Selmi and Marino-Zuco. 

state (stat) [status; stare, to stand]. A condition, 
s. medicine, that department of medical study that 
concerns public health, and is in part occupied with 
the statistics of disease. 

statement (stat'-ment) [stare, to stand]. A decla- 
ration, s., ante-mortem, a declaration made im- 
mediately before death, and which if made with the 
consciousness of impending death is legally held as 
binding as a statement sworn to. 

static (stat'-ik) [<tto.tik6s, causing to stand]. At 
rest. In equilibrium, s. ataxia. See ataxia, s. 
breeze, a method of administration of static elec- 
tricity, consisting in the withdrawal of a static charge 
from a patient by means of a pointed electrode, s. 
electricity. See electricity, s. pelvis, the bony pelvis, 
s. shock, a mode of applying Franklinic electricity, 
placing the patient on an insulated stool, and apply- 
ing one pole of a static machine to this platform, while 
the other pole is applied to the body of the patient 
by the operator, s. test, this consists in ascertaining 
the absolute weight of the lungs and comparing this 
weight with the average lung-weights of still born 
children, and of children who have died soon after 
birth. Fodere fixes the weight of the lungs of still 
born children born at term at 480 grains, and 960 
grains as the weight of the lungs soon after breathing 
has been established. This test is of but slight value, 
s. theory (of Goltz), every position of the head causes 
the endolymph of the semicircular canals to exert 
the greatest pressure upon some part of the canals, 
thus in varying degree exciting the nerve terminations 
of the ampullar. 

Statice (stat'-is-e) [a-Tamcri, an astringent herb]. 
A genus of plants of the order Plumbaginea. S. 
antarctica and 5. brasiliensis, baycuru or guaycura, 
South American species, are used to produce uterine 
contractions. 5. gmelini, a species indigenous to 
southern Russia, is used as a gargle and in diarrhea. 
5. limonium grows upon the coasts of Europe and 
North America; the plant, seed, and root are used 
as astringents. 

statics (stat'-iks) [see static]. The science relating 
to forces in a condition of equilibrium. 

statim (stat'-im) [L.]. Immediately, at once. 

station (sta'-shun) [statio, from stare, to stand]. 
1. Standing position or attitude. 2. In obstetrics, 
the location of the head or presenting part; e. g., it 
may be at the outlet of the pelvis, or above the inlet, 
s.-test, the patient is made to stand with his eyes 
shut and feet together; an unusual swaying of the 
body denotes ataxia. 

stationary (sta'-shun-a-re) [see station]. Standing 
still; not moving, s. air, the amount of air which is 
constantly in the lungs during normal respiration. 

statistics (sta-tis'-tiks) [status, a state]. A numer- 
ical collection of facts relating to any subject, s., 
medical, that part of medicine pertaining to details of 
mortality, climate, and the geographical distribution 
of diseases, s., vital. Same as s., medical. 

statocyst (stat'-o-sist) [trTarfc, standing; Khans, 
cyst]. One of the vestibular sacs of the labyrinth 
which is supposed to act as the nervous mechanism 
on which static equilibrium depends. 

statometer (stat-om'-et-er) [arards, standing; ukrpov, 
a measure]. An instrument for measuring the 
degree of exophthalmos. 

stature (stat'-ur) [statura, stature]. The height 
of any animal when standing. In quadrupeds, it is 
measured at a point over the shoulders. In man, it 
is the measured distance from the heel to the top of 
the head. 

status (sta'-tus) [L.]. A state, s. arthriticus, the 
nervous manifestations preceding an attack of gout, 
s. cribrosus, a scarcely macroscopic sieve-like con- 
dition of the brain or nerve-substance, due to ab- 
sorption of minute vessels; observed in autopsies. 
Fr., etat crible. s. epilepticus, a condition in which 
epileptic attacks occur in rapid succession, the patient 
not regaining consciousness during the interval, 
s. gastricus, gastritis, s. lymphaticus, a condition 
in which all the lymphatic tissues, the thymus, the 
spleen, and the bone marrow are hyperplastic; 
sudden death is liable to occur especially in surgical 
anesthesia. Syn., lymphatism; lymphotoxemia ; status 
thymicus. s. parathyreoprivus, a pathological state 
caused by complete loss of parathyroid tissue, 
s. praesens, the state of a patient at the time of 
examination, s. thymicolymphaticus, s. thymicus 



STATUVOLENCE 



839 



STELLATE 



See 5. lymphaticus. s. typhosus. See typhoid state. 
s. verminosus. See helminthiasis, s. vertiginosus, 
persistent vertigo. 

statuvolence (sta-lu-vo'-lens) [status, state; volens, 
willing]. Autohypnotism ; voluntary somnambulism 
or clairvoyance; a trance into which one voluntarily 
enters without aid from another. 

staurion (staw'-re-on) [aravpos, cross]. The cranio- 
metric point where the transverse palatine suture 
crosses the median suture. 

stauroplegia (staw-ro-ple'-je-ah) [aravpos, crossed; 
irXyyy, a stroke]. Crossed hemiplegia. 

stave of the thumb. See Bennett's fracture. 

stavesacre (stavz-a'-ker). See staphisagria. 

staxis (staks'-is). See stillicidium. 

stay knot. See knot. 

steam {stem). The vapor of water; water in a 
gaseous state, s.-atomizer. See atomizer, s.-doc- 
tor, an old name for a Thompsonian physician, from 
the extensive use of steaming and sweating made by 
that school, s.-tug murmur, the double murmur 
of aortic obstruction and insufficiency. It may be 
expressed by the word hoo-chee, hoo representing the 
obstructive murmur, and chee the regurgitant mur- 
mur. 

steapsin (ste-ap'-sin) [arkap, fat]. A ferment of 
the pancreatic juice which causes fats to combine 
with an additional molecule of water and then split 
into glycerin and their corresponding acids; lipase. 

stear (ste-ar) [arkap, fat]. See adeps. 

stearate (ste'-ar-at) [stearin]. A salt of stearic 
acid. Glycerol stearate is called stearin (q. v.). 

stearerin (ste-ar' -er-in) [arkap, fat]. A fatty 
substance found in the oil of sheeps' wool and which 
is analogous to stearin. 

stearic acid (ste-ar' -ik) . See acid, stearic, and 
stearin. 

steariform (ste-ar' -if -orm) [arkap, fat; forma, form]. 
Having the appearance of or resembling fat. 

stearin (ste'-ar-in) [arkap, fat], CaHsChCCisHssO^s. 
I. A compound of stearic acid and glyceryl occurring 
in the harder animal fats, especially in tallow. It 
crystallizes in white, pearly scales. 2. Stearic acid. 

stearoconotum (ste-ar-ok-on-o' -turn) [arkap, fat; 
kovls, dust]. An insoluble but fusible solid yellowish 
fat occurring in brain tissue; it contains sulphur and 
phosphorus. 

stearodermia (ste-ar-o-der'-me-ah) [arkap, fat; 8kpp.a, 
the skin]. An affection of the seba'ceous glands of 
the skin. 

stearol (ste'-ar-ol) [arkap, fat]. A medicament 
having fat as an excipient. 

stearone (ste'-ar-on) [arkap, fat], C35H70O. A 
volatile liquid obtained by partial decomposition of 
stearic acid. 

stearoptene (ste-ar -op' -ten) [arkap, fat; irrrjvos, 
winged; volatile]. The crystalline substance occur- 
ring naturally in solution in a volatile oil. 

stearrhea, stearrhoea (ste-ar-e'-ah) [arkap, fat; pola, 
2l flow]. See seborrhea, s. congestiva. Synonym of 
seborrhea congestiva. s. flavescens, a seborrhea in 
which the sebaceous matter turns yellow after being 
deposited upon the skin. s. nigricans. See chromid- 
rosis. s. simplex, ordinary seborrhea. 

stearyl (ste'-ar-il) [arkap, fat; 11X77, matter], C18H35O. 
The radical of stearic acid. 

steatin (ste'-at-in) [artanvov, pertaining to suet]. 
1. Same as stearin. 2. Any cerate containing a 
considerable proportion of tallow. 

steatinum (ste-at-i'-num) [areanvov, pertaining to 
suet]. A name given to certain pharmaceutical prep- 
arations similar to cerates. 

steatite (ste'-at-it). See talc. 

steatitis (ste-at-i'-tis) [arkap, fat]. Inflammation 
of the fatty tissues. 

steato- (ste-at-o-) [arkap, fat]. A prefix meaning 
fatty. 

steatocele (ste'-at-o-sel) [steato-; /07X77, tumor]. 
A swelling formed by a collection of fatty matter in 
the scrotum. 

steatocryptosis (ste-at-o-krip-to'-sis) [steato-; Kpvirrr], 
a crypt, or sac]. Abnormality of function of the 
sebaceous glands. 

steatodes (ste-at-o' -dez) [arkap, fat; eldos, resem- 
blance]. Fatty. 

steatogenous (sle-at-oj'-en-us) [steato-; yevf)s, pro- 
duced]. Producing steatosis. 

steatolysis (ste-at-ol'-is-is) [steato-; X6<nr, solution]. 
The emulsifying process by which fats are prepared 
for absorption and assimilation. 



steatolytic (ste-at-o-lit'-ik). Accomplishing a 
steatolysis. 

steatoma (ste-at-o' -mah) [steato-; 6p,a, tumor]. 

1. A sebaceous cyst. 2. A lipoma, s., Mueller's, 
a lipofibroma. 

steatopathic (ste-at-o-path'-ik) [steato-; ■koQos, dis- 
ease]. Pertaining to diseases of the sebaceous glands. 

steatopygia (ste-at-o- pi' -je-ah) [steato-; irvyrj, but- 
tock]. Enormous fatness of the buttock, common 
among the women of some African tribes. 

steatopygous (ste-at-op'-ig-us) [see steatopygia]. 
Characterized by excessive development of the 
buttocks. 

steatorrhea, steatorrhoea (ste-at-or-e'-ah) [steato-; 
i>ola, flow]. 1. An increased flow of the secretion of 
the sebaceous follicles; see seborrhea. 2. Fatty 
stools, s. amianthaca, a form of seborrhea in which 
the excess of solid constituents gives the appearance 
of scaliness of the skin; see, also, seborrhea, s. nigri- 
cans. Same as seborrhea nigricans, s. simplex, 
excess of sebaceous excretion of the face. 

steatosis (ste-at-o' -sis). 1. Fatty degeneration. 

2. An abnormal accumulation of fat. s. cordis, 
fatty heart. 

steatozoon (ste-at-o-zo'-on) [steato-; £€>ov, an ani- 
mal]. The parasite, Demodex folliculorum, contained 
in comedones. 

stechiology, stoechiology, stoicheiology (stek-e-oV- 
o-je) [aroixeiov, a first principle; \6yos, science]. 
The doctrine of elements and of elementary principles. 

stechiometry, stoechiometry, stoichiometry (stek- 
e-om'-et-re, stoi-ke-om' -et-re) [aroixeiov, a first principle; 
p.krpop, a measure]. 1. The mathematical side of 
chemistry. 2. The estimation of the proportions in 
which elements combine to form compounds. 

steel (stel). Iron chemically combined with a 
certain proportion of carbon. It holds an intermedi- 
ate position between white cast iron and wrought 
iron, partaking of the most valuable qualities of 
both. Steel of good quality is fine-grained, elastic, 
and tough; see, also,' ferrum. s. drops, tincture of 
chloride of iron, s.-grinders' phthisis. See pneu- 
monokoniosis. s. mixture, mistura ferri composita. 
s.-pen palsy. See writers' cramp, s. tincture. See 
ferric chloride, tincture of. s. wine. Synonym of 
vinum ferri. 

Steele's sign (stel). Exaggerated pulsation over 
the whole area of the cardiac region; it is noted in 
intrathoracic tumor. 

steep. 1. A name for rennet. 2. To stand in 
water for making an infusion. 

stege (ste'-je) [arkyos, roof]. The inner layer of 
the rods of Corti. 

stegmonth (steg'-munth) [arkyeiv, to cover]. The 
period (about a month) between childbirth and com« 
plete return to health; the puerperium. 

stegnosis (steg-no'-sis) [arkyvioais, a checking of a 
discharge; a soldering]. Constipation, or costive- 
ness; the checking of a discharge; the closing of a 
passage; stenosis. 

stegnotic (steg-noi'-ik). Effecting stegnosis. As- 
tringent. 

Stegomyia (steg-o-mi'-e-ah) [areyavos, covered; 
fivla, a fly]. A genus of mosiuitos or Culicidce, 
represented in most tropical and subtropical coun- 
tries. The adults are usually very vicious biters, 
both by day and night. According to the experi- 
ments of the American Commission on Yellow Fever 
5. calopus or fasciata is the agent which spreads the 
germs of this disease. S. calopus, S. fasciata, a 
very distinct and common species, easily distinguished 
by the thoracic ornamentation and by the last hind 
tarsal joint being white. It is one of the most trouble- 
some and annoying of mosquitos; the bite is very 
irritating. It is the intermediate host of the germ of 
yellow fever and of the hematozoon Filaria Bancroftii, 
which also occurs in Culex fatigans , and in Anopheles. 
Syn., Brindled or Tiger mosquito. 

Stella (stel' -ah) [L., "star"]. A star-shaped 
bandage; stellate bandage, stellae vasculosae Wins- 
lowii. See Winslow's stars. 

stellate (stel'-dt) [stella, a star]. Star-shaped, or 
with parts radiating from a center, s. bandage, 
one that is wound crosswise on the back. s. cells, 
small polyaxonic nerve-cells in the molecular layer 
of the cortex cerebri, s. fracture, a fracture in 
which there are numerous fissures radiating from the 
central point of injury. It usually occurs in flat 
bones, s. hair, a hair which divides at the end in a 
star-shaped fashion, s. laceration, one involving the 



STELLULA 



840 



STEREOCHEMISTRY 



tissues in several directions, as a stellate laceration 
of the cervix uteri, s. ligament, the anterior costo- 
vertebral ligament, s. veins, minute venous radicles 
arranged in stellate fashion and located just beneath 
the capsule of the kidney. 

stellula (stel'-u-lah) [dim. of stella, a star]. In 
anatomy, a plexus of veins in the cortex of the kidney. 
stellulae Verheynii, a stellate network of veins in the 
outer part of the cortex of the kidney, s. Winslowii. 
See Winslow's stars. 

stem. The pedicle of a tumor; the shaft of a hair; 
the supporting stalk of a leaf or plant, s., brain, 
the brain, less the fissured portion of the cerebrum. 
s.-eelworm. See 5. sickness, s., gland, a gland- 
duct, s. of hair. Synonym of hair-shaft, s.- 
pessary, a pessary having a stem or rod which enters 
the os uteri, s.-sickness, a parasitic disease of 
clover, due to the presence of the stem-eelworm. 
( Tylenchus devastatrix) . 

Stellwag's sign (stel'-vahg) [Carl Stellwag von Carion, 
Austrian ophthalmologist, 1823-1904]. Absence or 
diminution in frequency of the winking movements 
of the eyelids and abnormal width of the palpebral 
aperture ; it is seen in exophthalmic goiter. 

stenagma (sten-ag'-mah) [areva^etv, to sigh]. 
Synonym of sigh. 

stenagmus (sten-ag'-mus) [o-Tei>a£eiv, to sigh]. 
Sighing. 

stench [ME., stench, a smell]. An ill smell; an 
offensive odor, s.-pipe, an upright pipe that reaches 
above the roof of a house ; it is intended to give vent 
to foul vapors that accumulate in waste-pipes, and 
water-closets, s.-trap, in sewerage and plumbing, 
a device for preventing a reflux of foul vapors and 



Stender dish {sten'-der) [Wilhelm P. Slender, 
German manufacturer of scientific apparatus], 
A vessel used in staining sections of tissues. 

stenion (sten'-e-on) [arevos, narrow]. A cranio- 
metric point at the extremity of the smallest trans- 
verse diameter in the temporal fossa. 

Steno's duct. See Stensen's duct. 

steno- (sten-o-) [arevos, narrow]. A prefix meaning 
narrow or constricted. 

stenobregmate (sten-o-breg'-mat) [steno-; (ipkyna, 
the bregma]. The condition in which the upper and 
fore-part of the head is narrow. 

stenocardia (sten-o-kar'-de-ah) [steno-; KapSia, 
heart]. Angina pectoris. 

stenocephalous (sten-o-sef'-al-us) [steno-; ice<pa\ri, 
head]. Having a head narrow in one or more of its 
diameters. 

stenocephaly (sten-o-sef'-al-e) [see stenocephalous]. 
Narrowing of the head in one or more of its diameters. 

stenochasmus (sten-o-kaz'-mus) [steno-; xaf/w, a 
chasm]. Lissauer's term applied to a skull in which 
a line drawn from the point upon the rostrum of 
the sphenoid where it is included between the ala? 
vomeris, to the center of the posterior nasal spine and 
to the basion, intersects with an angle of 74 to 04°. 

stenochoria (sten-o-ko'-re-ah) [steno-; xwpos, space]. 
Narrowing; stenosis; partial obstruction, particularly 
of the lacrymal duct. s. saccilacrimalis, stenosis of 
the lacrymo-nasal duct. 

stenocompressor (ste-no-kom-pres'-or) [Steno' s duct ; 
compressor]. An instrument used to compress 
Stenson's ducts during dental operations. 

stenocoriasis (sten-o-ko-ri'-as-is) [steno-; /copy, 
pupil]. Narrowing of the pupil. 

stenocrotaphia, or stenocrotaphy (sten-ok-ro-ta' '- 
fe-ah, or sten-o-kro' -ta-fe) [steno-; KpoTa<f>os, the 
temple]. A narrowing of the temporal region of the 
skull. 

stenodont (sten'-o-dont) [steno-; 686vs, tooth]. 
Provided with narrow teeth. 

stenomycteria (sten-o-mik-te'-re-ah) [steno-; \imktt\p, 
the nose]. Nasal stenosis. 

Stenon's duct. See Stensen's duct. 

Stenonian, Stenonine {sten-o' -ne-an, sten'-o-nen). 
Named for Nicholas Stenson (latinized Stenonianus) , 
a Danish anatomist, 1638-1686. 

stenopeic (sten-o-pe'-ik) [steno-; dirt], an opening]. 
Pertaining to or having a narrow slit; applied to 
lenses that allow the passage of rays only through a 
narrow slit. 

stenosin (sten'-o-sin), AsCH30sNa22H20, disodic 
methylarsenate, discovered by Baeyer; said to be a 
nontoxic arsenical salt. Dose 1 eg. 1 to 5 times 
daily. 

stenosis (sten-o' -sis) [arevos, narrow]. Constric- 



tion or narrowing, especially of a channel or aper- 
ture, s., aortic, a narrowing of the aortic orifice at 
the base of the heart or a narrowing of the aorta 
itself, s., cardiac, as a consequence of inflammation 
of the connective tissue in the myocardium, the conus 
arteriosus upon either side of the heart may become 
diminished in diameter, with consequent hindrance 
to the free passage of blood from the ventricle into 
its corresponding artery. This constitutes what is 
called stenosis of the heart. The second sound is 
fully formed and sharply defined, thus distinguishing 
the condition from valvular stenosis, s., cicatricial, 
stenosis due to a contracted cicatrix, s., granulation, 
narrowing caused by encroachment of contraction 
of granulations, s., mitral, stenosis of left auriculo- 
ventricular orifice, s., post-tracheotomy, stenosis 
after tracheotomy, s., Dittrich's, stenosis of the 
conus arteriosus. 

stenostegnosis, stenostenosis (sten-o-steg-no'-sis, 
sten-o-sten-o'-sis) [stenononianus, or Stensen; areyvo}- 
<ns, constriction]. Stenosis of Stensen's duct. 

stenostomatous {sten-o- sto'-mat-us) [steno-; arona, 
mouth]. Having a small mouth. 

stenostomia (sten-o-sto' -me-ah) [steno-; arona, 
mouth]. A narrowing or closure of the mouth. 

stenostomy (sten-os'-to-me) [steno-; <rr6/*a, a 
mouth]. The contraction of any mouth or aperture. 

stenothermal (sten-o-ther'-mal) [steno-; narrow; 
Oepfios, heat]. Capable of sustaining a small range 
of temperature. 

stenothorax (sten-o-tho'-raks) [steno-; thorax]. 
Having a straight, short thorax. > 

stenotic (sten-ot'-ik) [stenosis]. Characterized by 
stenosis; produced by stenosis. 

Stensen's (Steno's) duct [see Stenonian]. The 
duct of the parotid gland. S.'s experiment, tempo- 
rary ligation of the aorta of the rabbit immediately 
below the point at which the renal arteries are given 
off, for the purpose of cutting off the blood-supply 
of the lower portion of the spinal cord. S.'s fora- 
mina, the incisive foramina which transmit the 
anterior branches of the descending palatine vessels. 
S.'s plexus, the venous plexus surrounding Stensen's 
duct. S.'s veins, the vena? vorticosa? of the choroid. 

stentorin (sten'-to-rin). A blue pigment obtained 
from infusorians of the genus Stentor. 

stentorophonous (sten-tor-of'-on-us) [Srevrup, a 
loud-voiced Greek in the Trojan war; <puvr), sound]. 
Having a loud voice. 

stephanial, Stephanie (stef-an'-e-al, stef'-an-ik) 
[aTktpavos, a wreath]. Pertaining to the stephanion. 

stephanion (stef-an'-e-on) [ark<f>avos, a wreath; 
crown]. The point of intersection of the temporal 
ridge and coronal suture. See under craniometric 
point. 

steppage-gait (step'^aj-gat). The peculiar high- 
stepping gait seen in tabes dorsalis and certain forms 
of multiple neuritis. 

stercobilin (ster-ko-bi'-lin) [stercus, dung; bilis, 
bile]. A brown coloring-matter found in feces, and 
identical with hydrobilirubin. 

stercoraceous (ster-ko-ra'-shus) [stercus]. Fecal; 
having the nature of feces; containing feces as, 
stercoraceous vomiting. 

stercoral (ster'-ko-ral). See stercoraceous. 

stercorary (ster'-ko-ra-re) [stercus]. Fecal. 

stercoremia, stercorsemia (ster-ko-re'-me-ah) [ster- 
cus; alp.a, blood]. A condition of the blood resulting 
from arrest of intestinal excretion and the absorption 
of toxic matters from the feces. 

stercorin (ster'-ko-rin) [stercus]. An extractive from 
the feces resembling cholesterin. 

Sterculia (ster-ku' -le-ah) [stercus, dung]. A genus 
of some 85 species of tropical trees. S. urens of 
India, and S. tragacantha of Africa afford some part 
of the gums known as tragacanth. S. acuminata 
produces the kola-nut; see kola. 

stercus (ster'-kus) [L., "dung"]. Feces. 

stere (ster) [arepeos, solid]. A measure of 1000 
liters; a kiloliter. 

stereo- (ster-e-o-) [arepeos, solid]. A prefix mean- 
ing solid or relating to solidity. 

stereoagnosis (ster-e-o-ag-no'-sis). See aster eog- 
nosis. 

stereochemistry (ster-e-o-kem' -is-tre) [arepeos, solid; 
chemistry]. Stereo-isomerism ; theoretical explanations 
of close isomerisms, by which it is assumed that the 
differences between the various isomers are due to 
the different positions of the same atoms or radicals 
in tri-dimensional representations of the molecules. 



STEREOCYST 



841 



STERNOHYOID 



Ordinary structural formulae involve only two dimen- 
sions, length and breadth, but these are not sufficient 
to explain numerous cases of isomerism now known, 
and a "spatial" or "solid" conception of the mole- 
cule is necessary. The term allo-isomerism has been 
proposed for these cases. 

stereocyst {ster' -e-o-sist) [stereo-; kvcttis, cyst]. 
A hard cyst, or cystic growth. 

stereognosis (ster-e-og-no'-sis) [stereo-; yv&ais, 
knowledge]. The faculty of recognizing the nature 
and use of objects by contact and handling them. 
Cf. astereoagnosis. 

stereognostic (ster-e-og-nos'-tik) [see stereognosis]. 
i. Pertaining to the cognition of solidity, or tri- 
dimensional forms. 2. Recognizing by sense of 
touch. 

stereogram (ster'-e-o-gram) [stereo-; ypamia, a 
writing]. A stereoscopic picture. 

stereograph (ster'-e-o-graf) [stereo-; ypafeiv, to 
write], i. Of Broca, an instrument used to make 
outline drawings of parts of the cranium. 2. Same 
as stereogram. 

stereography (ster-e-og'-ra-fe) [stereo-; ypaxfreiv, 
to write]. Graphic representation of the skull; a 
branch of craniometry. 

stereoisomerism (ster-e-o-i-som'-er-izm) [stereo-; 
isomerism]. The condition in which two or more 
substances having the same molecular formulae have 
different properties; these differences are due to the 
different relative positions of the atoms in the mole- 
cule. 

stereometer (ster-e-om! -et-er) [stereo-; fierpov, a 
measure]. An apparatus for the determination of 
the specific gravity of liquids, porous substances, 
powders, etc., as well as solids. 

stereometry (ster-e-om'-et-re) [see stereometer]. 
1. The determination of the specific gravity of 
substances. 2. The measurement of volume. 

stereomonoscope (ster-e-o-mon'-o-skop) [stereo-; 
nouos, single; ano-relv, to view]. An instrument with 
two lenses for producing a single picture giving the 
effect of solidity. 

stereoneura (ster-e-o-nu'-rah) [stereo-; vtvpov, nerve]. 
A term proposed by Wilder for the invertebrates 
whose nervous axis, when it exists, presents no 
cavity as in the vertebrates or celoneura. 

stereophantoscope (ster-e-o-fan'-to-skop). A pano- 
rama stereoscope using rotating discs in place of 
.pictures. 

stereophoroscope (ster-e-o-for' -o-skop) [stereo- ; 
<f>epeiv, to carry; aKo-Ktlv, to see]. A stereoscopic 
zoetrope, an instrument for producing a series of 
images apparently in motion. 

stereoplasm (ster'-e-o-plazm) [stereo-; irXdaaeiv, to 
mold]. The solid part of the protoplasm of cells. 

stereopsis (ster-e-op'-sis) [stereo-; oxpis, vision]. 
Stereoscopic vision. 

stereoscope (ster'-e-o-skop) [stereo-; crKoirelv, to see]. 
An instrument by which two similar pictures of the 
same object are made to overlap so that the reflected 
images are seen as one, thereby giving the appearance 
of solidity and relief. 

stereoscopic (ster-e-o-skop'-ik) [stereoscope]. Per- 
taining to stereoscopy. s. vision, binocular vision. 
See stereoscope. 

stereoscopy (ster-e-os'-ko-pe) [stereoscope]. The 
use of the stereoscope. 

stereoskiagraphy (ster-e-o-ski-ag'-ra-fe) [stereo-; 
skiagraphy]. The use of the stereoscope in the study 
of skiagrams. 

stereostroboscope (ster-e-o-stro'-bo-skop) [stereo- ; 
ffrpopos, a twisting; oKoirelv, to view]. An apparatus 
for the experimental study of points moving in three 
dimensions. 

stereotics (ster-e-ot'-iks). Lesions or deformities 
affecting the harder portions of the body. 

stereotypy (ster-e-ot'-o-pe) [stereo-; tvttos, a type]. 
Morbid persistence of a volitional impulse when once 
started. 

steresol (ster'-e-sol) . A liquid said to be an alco- 
holic solution of gum lac, benzoin, tolu balsam, 
phenol, oil of ginger, and saccharin. It is used in 
diphtheria and skin diseases. 

steriform (ster'-e-form). An almost tasteless and 
odorless powder consisting essentially of sugar of 
milk and 5 % of formaldehyde, s . chloride, a 
mixture of formaldehyde, 5 parts; ammonium chloride, 
10 parts; pepsin, 20 parts; and milk-sugar, 65 parts. 
s. iodide, formaldehyde, 5 parts; ammonium iodide, 
10 parts; pepsin, 20 parts; and milk-sugar, 65 parts. 



sterigma (sier-ig'-mah) [ar-hpty/ia, a prop, support; 
pi., sterigmata]. In biology, a stalk or support. 

sterile (ster'-il) [sterilis, barren]. 1. Not fertile; 
not capable of reproducing. 2. Free from micro- 
organisms or spores. 

sterility (ster-il'-it-e) [sterile]. The condition of 
being sterile, infertile, or incapable of reproducing, 
s., facultative, sterility caused by the prevention of 
conception. s., idiopathic. See azoospermia. 
s., one-child, sterility occurring in a woman after 
she has- given birth to one child, s., relative, sterility 
due to other causes than abnormality of the sexual 
organs. 

sterilization (ster-il-i-za' -shun) [sterile]. The act 
of rendering anything sterile; the destruction of 
microorganisms, particularly by means of heat, 
s. fractional, s., intermittent, a method of steriliza- 
tion in which an interval of time is allowed to elapse 
between the several heatings, giving an opportunity 
for any spores present to develop into adult micro- 
organisms, in which form they readily succumb to 
the action of heat. 

sterilized (ster'-il-izd) . Rendered sterile. 

sterilizer (ster'-il-i-zer) [sterile]. An apparatus for 
destroying the microorganisms attached to an 
object, especially by means of heat. 

sterisol (ster'-is-ol). A preparation containing 
sugar of milk, 2.98 parts; sodium chloride, 0.672 
part; potassium phosphate, 0.322 part; formaldehyde, 
0.520 part; water, 95.506 parts. Used as an anti- 
septic in infectious diseases. 

Stern's position in heart examination [Heinrich 
Stern, American physician, 1868- ]. The mur- 
mur is heard more clearly in cases of tricuspid 
regurgitation if the patient is placed on his back 
with his neck extended and head lowered. 

sternad (ster'-nad) [sternum]. Toward the sternal 
aspect. 

sternal (ster'-nal) [sternum]. Pertaining to the 
sternum. 

sternalgia {ster-nal'-je-ah) [sternum; aKyos , pain]. 
Pain in the sternum. 

sternalgic (ster-nal'-jik) [sternum; a\yos, pain]. 
Affected with sternalgia. 

sternalis (ster-na'-lis) [sternum]. Connected with 
the sternum; sternal. 

Sternberg's disease. The tuberculous form of 
pseudoleukemia. 

sternebra (sler'-ne-brah) [sternum; vertebra; pi., 
sternebra.]. Any one of the serial segments of the 
sternum. 

sternebral (ster'-ne-braV) [sternum; vertebra]. Per- 
taining to or of the nature of a sternebra. 

sternen (ster'-nen) [sternum]. Belonging to the 
sternum in itself. 

sterniform (ster'-nif-orm) [sternum; forma, form]. 
Shaped like a sternum. 

sterno- (ster-no-) [ster?ium]. A prefix denoting 
connection with the sternum. 

stemoabdominalis (ster-no-ab-dom-in-a'-lis) [ster- 
no-; abdomen]. The triangularis sterni and the 
transversus abdominis considered as a single mus- 
cle. 

sternochondroscapularis (ster-no-kon-dro-skap-u- 
la'-ris) [sterno-; xovSpos, cartilage; scapula]. An 
inconstant muscle arising from the sternum and the 
first costal cartilage and extending to the upper 
border of the scapula. 

sternoclavicular (ster-no-kla-vik'-u-lar) [sterno-; 
clavicle]. Pertaining to the sternum and the clavicle. 

sternocleidal (ster-no-kli'-dal). Same as sterno- 
clavicular. 

sternocleidomastoid (ster-no-kli-do-mas'-toid) 

[sterno-; /cXeis, key; mastoid]. Pertaining to the 
sternum, the clavicle, and the mastoid process, as 
the sternocleidomastoid muscle. See under muscle. 

sternocoracoid {ster-no-kor'-ak-oid). Relating to 
the sternum and the coracoid. 

sternocostal {ster-no-kos' -tal) [sterno-; costa, a. rib]. 
Pertaining to the sternum and the ribs. 

sternodymia (ster-no-dim'-e-ah) [sterno-; 8veiv, to 
enter]. A form of somatodymia in which the union 
is in the sternum. 

sternodynia (ster-no-din' -e-ah) [sterno-; 68wri, pain]. 
Sternalgia; pain in the sternum. 

sternofacial (ster-no-fa'-shal) [sterno-; fades, face]. 
Pertaining to the sternum and the face. 

sternoglossal (ster-no-glos'-al) [sterno-; yXuxraa, 
tongue]. Pertaining to the sternum and the tongue. 

sternohyoid (ster-no-hi'-oid) [sterno-; hyoid]. 



STERNOID 



842 



STIFLE 



Pertaining to the sternum and the hyoid bone, as 
the sternohyoid muscle. See under muscle. 

sternoid (ster'-noid) [sternum; elSos, resemblance]. 
Resembling the sternum. 

sternomastoid (ster-no-mas'-toid). Relating to 
the sternum and the mastoid process of the temporal 
bone. 

sternomaxillary (ster-no-maks-il'-ar-re) [sterno- ; 
maxilla, jaw]. Pertaining to the sternum and the 
mandible. 

sterno-omphalodymia (ster-no-om-fal-o-dim'-e-ah) 
[sterno-; bp.<pa\bs, a navel; Sveiv, to enter]. A form 
of somatodymia in which the union is in both the 
sternal and umbilical regions. 

sternopagia (ster-no-pa'-je-ah) [sterno-; irayos, 
fixed]. The condition of a sternopagus. 

sternopagus (ster-nop'-ag-us) [sterno-; irayos, fas- 
tened]. A double monster the parts of which are 
united at the sternum. 

sternopericardiac (ster-no-per-e-kar'-de-ak). Re- 
lating to the sternum and the pericardium. 

sternoscapular (ster-no-skap'-u-lar) [sterno-; scap- 
ula]. Pertaining to the sternum and the scapula. 

sternothyroid (ster~no-thi'-roid) [sterno-; thyroid]. 
Pertaining to the sternum and the thyroid cartilage, 
as the sternothyroid muscle. See under muscle. 

sternotracheal (ster-no-tra'-ke-al) [sterno-; trachea]. 
Pertaining to the sternum and the trachea. 

sternotrypesis (ster-no-tri-pe'-sis) [sterno-; rpvirrjo- is, 
a boring]. Perforation of the sternum. 

sternoxiphoid (ster-no-zif'-oid). Relating to or 
connecting the sternum and the xiphoid process. 

sternum (ster'-num) [arepvov, breast-bone]. The 
flat, narrow bone in the median line in the front of 
the chest, composed of three portions — the manu- 
brium, the gladiolus, and the ensiform or xiphoid 
appendix. 

sternutament (ster-nu'-tam-ent) [sternutamentum ; 
sternutare, to sneeze]. A substance causing sneezing. 

sternutatio (ster-nu-ta'-she-o) [L.]. Sneezing, s. 
convulsiva, paroxysmal sneezing, as in hay 
fever. 

sternutation (ster-nu-ta' '-shun) [sternutatio, a sneez- 
ing]. The act of sneezing. 

sternutatory (ster-nu'-tat-o-re) [see sternutation]. 
i. Producing sneezing. 2. An agent that causes 
sneezing. 

sterochemistry (ste-ro-kem'-is-tre). See stereo- 
chemistry. 

sterol (ster'-ol). A class of compounds which are 
non-saponifiable, but are soluble in ether; they 
are derived from plants and animals; cholesterol is 
an example. 

stertor (ster'-tor) [L., "a snoring"]. Sonorous 
breathing or snoring; the rasping, rattling sound 
produced when the larynx and the air-passages .are 
obstructed by mucus. 

stertorous (ster'-to-rus) [stertor]. Characterized by 
stertor, as stertorous breathing. 

sterule (ster'-ul). Trade name for a glass capsule 
containing a sterile solution. 

stetharteritis (steth-ar-ter-i'-tis) [arijdos, chest; 
apr-hpta, artery; it«, inflammation]. Inflammation 
of the arteries of the thorax. 

stethemia, stethaemia (steth-e'-me-ah) [arijdos, 
chest; alp.a, blood]. An accumulation of blood in 
the pulmonary vessels. 

stethendoscope (steth-en'-do-skdp) [stetho-; evSov, 
within; o-Koireiv, to view]. A variety of fluoroscope 
used for examining the chest. 

stetho- (steth-o-) [arijdos, chest]. A prefix denoting 
pertaining to the chest. 

stethocatharsis (steth-o-kath-ar'-sis) . Synonym of 
expectoration. 

stethocele (steth'-o-sel). See pneumonocele. 

stethocelodyspnea (steth-o-se-lo-disp'-ne-ah) [stetho-; 
Kv^rj, hernia; dyspnea]. Dyspnea due to hernia of 
the lung. 

stethochysis {steth-ok'-is-is). See hydrothorax. 

stethocyrtograph. See stethokyrtograph. 

stethogoniometer (steth-o- go-ne-om' -et-er) [stetho- ; 
yuvia, angle; y-'erpov, measure]. An instrument for 
measuring the curvature of the chest. 

stetho graph (steth'-o-graf) [stetho-; ypa<j>eiv, to 
write]. An instrument recording the respiratory 
movements of the chest. 

stethokyrtograph (steth-o-kir'-to-graf) [stetho-; Kvp- 
ros, curved; ypa<ptiv, to write]. An apparatus de- 
signed for measuring and recording the dimensions 
of the chest. 



stethomenia (steth-o-me' -ne-ah) [stetho- ; pA\v, month]. 
Vicarious menstruation by way of the bronchial 
tubes. 

stethometer (steth-om' -et-er) [stetho-; fierpov, a 
measure]. An instrument for measuring the degree 
of expansion of the chest. 

stethomyitis (steth-o-mi-i'-tis) [stetho-; p,vs, muscle; 
ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the muscles of 
the chest. 

stethonoscope (steth-on'-o-skop) [stetho-; o-Koirelv, 
to view]. An apparatus for use in auscultation 
which may be attached to a binaural stethoscope. 

stethoparalysis (steth-o-par-al'-is-is). Paralysis of 
the muscles of the chest. 

stethophone (steth'-o-fon) [stetho-; <puvr], sound]. 
Stethoscope. 

stethophonometer (steth-o-fo-nom' -et-er) [stetho- ; 
<pwvr), sound; y.krpov, a measure]. An instrument for 
measuring the phenomena elicited by auscultation. 

stethophonometry (steth-o-fo-nom' '-et-re) [see stetho- 
phonometer]. The determination of the intensity 
of the acoustic phenomena associated with the lungs 
and heart. 

stethopolyscope (steth-o-pol'-is-kop) [stetho-; iro\vs, 
many; o-noirelv, to view]. A stethoscope having several 
tubes for the simultaneous use of several observers. 

stethoscope (steth'-o-skop) [stetho-; o-Koirelv, to 
view]. An instrument for ascertaining the condition 
of the organs of circulation and respiration by the 
sounds made by these organs. It consists of a hollow 
tube, one end being placed over ,the locality to be 
examined, the other at the ear of the examiner. 
The binaural stethoscope consists of a Y-shaped 
tube, the flexible branches being applied each to an 
ear of the listener, s., differential, one determining 
the time rather than the quality of the sounds heard, 
so that murmurs at two localities may be compared. 

stethoscopic (steth-o-skop'-ik). Pertaining to or 
detected by means of the stethoscope. 

stethoscopy (steth-os'-ko-pe) [see stethoscope]. Ex- 
amination with the aid of the stethoscope. 

stethospasm (steth'-o-spazm) [stetho-; spasm]. 
Spasm of the pectoral muscles. 

sthenia (sthen'-e-ah) [adkvos, strength]. Normal or 
excessive force or vigor (opposed to asthenia). 

sthenic (sthen'-ik) [adkvos, strength]. Strong; 
active, s. fever, a form of fever marked by high 
temperature, quick and tense pulse, and highly 
colored urine. 

sthenopyra (sthen-o-pi'-rah) [adkvos, strength; irvp, 
fever]. Sthenic fever. 

stibiacne (stib-e-ak'-ne) [stibium; acne]. Acne 
caused by the use of antimony. 

stibial (stib'-e-al) [stibium]. Pertaining to stibium, 
or antimony. 

stibialism (stib'-e-al-izm) [stibium], Antimonial 
poisoning. 

stibiated (stib'-e-a-ted) [stibium, antimony]. Con- 
taining antimony. 

stibiation (stib-e-a'-shun). Excessive use of anti- 
monials. 

stibine (stib'-en). Antimony trihydride; anti- 
moniureted hydrogen, SbH3. 

stibium (stib'-e-um). Antimony. 

stibogram (stib'-o-gram) [o-tIQos, a beaten path; 
ypap.ua, a writing]. A record of footsteps. 

stibonium (stib-o'-ne-um). The radical SbPU; 
similar in constitution to ammonium, NHU. 

stichochrome (stik'-o-krom) [aHxos, a row; xpvy.a, 
color]. Applied by Nissl to a somatochrome nerve- 
cell in which the chromophilic substance is arranged 
in striae running in the same direction and usually 
parallel with the contour of the cell-body, partly 
also with the surface of the nucleus. Cf. arkyosticho- 
chrome. 

Sticker's disease [G. Sticker, German physician, 
i860- ]. Erythema infectiosum. 

sticking plaster. Adhesive plaster. 

stictacne (stik-tak'-ne) [arUros, punctated; acne]. 
Acne punctata; acne in which the pustules have a 
red, raised base, with a central black point. 

stiff (stif). Inflexible, unyielding, immovable in 
continuity; applied especially to normally movable 
parts, s. joint. See ankylosis, s. neck. See tor- 
ticollis. 

stiff-neck fever. Epidemic cerebrospinal menin- 
gitis. 

stifle (sti'-fl) [ME., stifl, to choke]. 1. To choke; 
to kill by impeding respiration. 2. The stifle- 
joint, q. v. 3. Disease or other affection of the 



STIGMA 



843 



STITCH 



stifle-bone, q. v. s.-bone, the patella of the horse. 
s.-joint, the knee-joint of the horse. 

stigma (stig'-mah) [arty pa, a point; pi., stigmata]. 
i. A small spot or mark, especially a spot of hemor- 
rhage in the palm or sole, occurring in hysterical 
persons. 2. Any one of the marks or signs charac- 
teristic of a condition; generally used in the plural, 
as hysterical stigmata. 3. That part of a pistil which 
receives the pollen, stigmata, bakers', nodules on 
the backs of the fingers caused by kneading dough. 
stigmata, Conn's, minute gaps in the interalveolar 
walls of the normal lung, s., Giuffrida-Rugieri's, 
of degeneration, the absence or incompleteness of 
the glenoid fossa, s. of Graafian follicle, the point 
where the blood-vessels of the walls are absent and 
where it finally ruptures, stigmata, hereditary, 
psychical stigmata resembling those of an ancestor 
and supposed to be inherited, stigmata, hysterical, 
the specific, peculiar phenomena or symptoms of 
hysteria as the anesthesia, hyperesthesia, hystero- 
genic zones, reversal of the color field, contraction 
of the visual field, the phenomena of transport, 
amblyopia, impairment of the sense of hearing, of 
taste, and of muscular sense, etc. stigmata, Mal- 
pigbi's, the orifices of the capillary veins that join 
the branches of the splenic vein at right angles, 
stigmata maydis, zea mays. See under zea. stig- 
mata, neurasthenic. See stigmata, hysterical, stig- 
mata nigra, the black spots caused by the presence 
of grains of gunpowder in the skin, stigmata 
ovariorum, small cicatrixes seen in the ovaries after 
the escape of the ova. stigmata, psychical, certain 
mental states characterized by susceptibility to 
particular suggestions, stigmata rubra, petechiae due 
to various causes, stigmata, somatic, the objective 
signs of certain nervous affections, stigmata, venous, 
varicose veins. 

stigmal (stig'-mal) [a-riyna, stigma]. Pertaining 
to a stigma. 

stigmatic (stig-mat'-ik) [stigma]. Pertaining to a 
stigma. 

-> stigmatism (stig' -mat-ism) [txriyna, point]. 1. A 
condition of the refractive media of the eye in which 
rays of light from a point are accurately brought to 
a focus on the retina. Synonymous with emme- 
tropia. See, also, astigmatism. 2. The condition of 
having stigmata. 

stigmatization (stig-mat-i-za'-shun) [stigma]. The 
formation of stigmata. 

stigmatodermia (stig-mat-o-der'-me-ah) [crHyna, a 
prick; Sepjia, skin]. Disease of the prickle-cell layer 
of the skin. 

stigmatose (stig' -mat-os) [arlyixa, stigma]. Marked 
with stigmata. 

stilet, stilette (stil-et') [Ft., dim. of stilus, a point]. 
1. A small, sharp-pointed instrument inclosed in a 
cannula. 2. A wire passed into a flexible catheter. 

still-birth. The birth of a dead child. 

still-born. Born lifeless. 

Still-Chauffard symptom-complex (stil'-sho-far') 
[see Still's disease; A. Chauffard, French physician]. 
The symptoms of Still's disease, q. v., observed in 
pseudotuberculosis . 

Still's disease [George Frederic Still, English 
physician, 1868- ]. A form of polyarthritis with 
enlargement of spleen and lymph-glands; it occurs 
in infancy and childhood. 

Stiller's sign [Berthold Stiller, Austrian physician, 
1837- ]. Marked mobility or fluctuation of the 
tenth rib in neurasthenia and enteroptosis. 

stillicidium (stil-is-id'-e-um) [stilla, a drop; cadere, 
to fall down]. The flow of a liquid drop by drop. 
s. lacrimarum, overflow of tears from obstruction of 
the canaliculus or nasal duct; epiphora, s. narium, 
coryza. s. urinae, dribbling of urine. 

Stilling's bundle [Benedict Stilling, German 
anatomist, 1810-1879]. See Krause's respiratory 
tract. S.'s canal. 1. The central canal of the spinal 
cord. 2. See canal, hyaloid. S.'s cells, S.'s columns, 
groups of multipolar cells near the gray commissure 
in the posterior cornua of the cervical and lumbar 
spinal cord. They correspond to Clarke's vesicular 
columns. S.'s fibers, the association fibers of the 
cerebellum. S.'s fleece, the meshwork of fibers 
formed around the dentate nucleus of the cerebellum. 
S.'s gelatinous substance, the gelatinous substance 
surrounding the central canal of the spinal cord. 
S.'s nucleus. 1. The nucleus ruber of the subthal- 
amic region. 2. The nucleus of the hypoglossal 
nerve in the fourth ventricle. S.'s raphe, a narrow 



band connecting the pyramids of the oblongata. 
S.'s sacral nucleus, an island of ganglion-cells in the 
region of the spinal cord. S.'s scissors of the brain, 
the supposed resemblance to the outline of a pair of 
scissors seen in a horizontal section of the brain 
through the thalamus, nucleus ruber, and the nucleus 
dentatus cerebelli. 

Stilling-Clarke's cells or dorsal nucleus. See 
Clarke's column. 

Stillingia (stil-in'-je-ah) [Benjamin Stillingjleet, 
English botanist, 1702-1771]- A genus of plants of 
the order Euphorbiacecz. The stillingia of the 
U. S. P. is the root of 5. sylvatica, queen's root or 
queen's delight, and is used as an alterative in 
syphilis, scrofula, diseases of the skin, etc. s., fluid- 
extract of (fluidextractum stillingia, U. S. P.). Dose 
\-i dr. (2-4 Cc). 

stillingin (stil-in'-jin) [Benjamin Stillingjleet, 
English botanist, 1702-177 1]. A precipitate from a 
tincture of the root of Stillingia sylvatica ; resolvent, 
stimulant, diuretic, antisyphilitic. Dose 1 to 3 
grains. 

stilus (sti'-lus) [stilus, a point]. 1. A more correct 
form of the word stylus, used as an anatomical term. 
2. A small tube or a bit of wire sometimes retained 
in the obstructed lacrymal duct, with a view to the 
restoration of its function. 3. An ointment or other 
medicament in the shape of a pencil or stick. 

stimulant (stim'-u-lant) [stimulus, a goad]. 1. 
Stimulating. 2. An agent that causes stimulation. 
s., cardiac, one that increases the heart's action, 
s., cerebral, one that exalts the action of the cere- 
brum, s., cutaneous, one that increases the activity 
of the skin, producing diaphoresis, s., diffusible or 
diffusive, one that has a prompt but transient effect, 
s., hepatic, one that excites the activity of the liver. 
s., intestinal, one that acts upon the intestinal tract. 
s., local, one acting directly on the end organs of the 
sensory nerves of the skin, s., renal, one producing 
diuresis, s., spinal, one exciting the spinal cord, 
s., stomachic, one giving tone to the stomach, aiding 
digestion, etc. s., vasomotor, one exciting the vaso- 
motor apparatus. 

stimulate (stim' -u-lat) [see stimulant]. To quicken; 
to stir up; to excite; to increase functional activity. 

stimulation (stim-u-la'-shun) [see stimulant]. 1. 
The act of stimulating. 2. The effect of a stimulant. 

stimulator (stim'-u-la-tor). A stimulating drug or 
agent. 

stimulin (stim'-u-lin). Metchnikoff's name for 
substances supposed to stimulate the phagocytes to 
destroy germs. 

stimulus (stim'-u-lus) [L.; pi., stimuli]. A goad; 
an impulse; anything capable of causing stimulation. 
s., adequate. See s., homologous, s., chemical, 
one due to or produced by chemical means, s.- 
difference, the difference in activity between two 
stimuli, s., heterologous, one acting upon the 
nervous elements of the sensory apparatus along their 
entire course, s., homologous, one acting only 
upon the end-organ, s., maximal, a stimulus, 
increase above which cannot be appreciated, s., 
mechanical, one acting by mechanical means, as 
pinching or striking, s., minimal, the smallest stimu- 
lus which can be appreciated, s., subminimal, one 
too weak to produce any obvious effect, s., sum- 
mation of. See summation, s., thermal, the appli- 
cation of heat. 

Stipa (sti'-pah) [arv-n-ij, tow]. A genus of grasses. 
5. vaseyi, sleepy grass, is a species found in New 
Mexico in the Sacramento Mountains, the ingestion 
of which causes in horses a stupor which endures for 
several days. 

stipate (sti'-pat) [stipare, to press together]. 
Packed ; # crowded. 

stipatio (sti-pa'-she-o) [L.]. An aggregation form- 
ing an obstruction, s. telas cellulosas infantum, 
sclerema neonatorum. 

stirp (sturp) [stirps, a stock, root, race]. 1. The 
sum-total of hereditary organic units contained in 
the fertilized ovum. 2. A race, lineage, or family. 

stirpicultural (stur-pik-ul'-tu-ral) [stirps, a race; 
cultura, culture]. Pertaining to stirpiculture. 

stirpiculture (stur-pik-ul'-tur) [stirps, stock, race; 
cultura, culture]. The proposed improvement of 
the human species by attention to the laws of breed- 
ing. 

stirrup, stirrup-bone (stir' -up). The stapes. 

stitch. 1. A sudden, sharp, lancinating pain. 
2. See suture (2). s.-abscess. an abscess forming in 



STITH 



844 



STOMATOLOGY 



a suture, s., Marcy's cobbler. See suture, cobbler's. 
s., sclerocorneal, a peculiar stitch devised by Kalt 
to secure rapid union of the wound and to prevent 
prolapse of the iris after simple extraction of cataract. 
Syn., Kalt stitch, s. in the side, intercostal neuralgia. 

stith, stithe (stith, stlth). The incus. 

stock (stok). A quantity of solution, or other 
material, kept on hand for use as occasion requires. 

stocking, elastic. A stocking of elastic fibers for 
the compression of a limb affected with varicose veins 
and other diseases. 

stcechiology (stek-e-ol'-o-je) [<ttoix^ov, an element; 
Xoyos, a treatise]. The study of the chemical ele- 
ments of the gases, fluids, and solids of the body; 
see stechiology. 

Stoerk's blennorrhea [Karl Stoerk, Austrian 
laryngologist, 1832-1899]- Profuse chronic suppura- 
tion and consequent hypertrophy of the mucosa of 
the nose, pharynx, and larynx. 

stoichiometry. See stechiometry. 

Stokes, astigmatic lens of, an apparatus consisting 
of two piano-cylindrical lenses, one concave, the other 
convex, the two of equal focal distance; it is used in 
the diagnosis of astigmatism. 

Stokes' disease [William Stokes, Irish physician, 
1804-1878]. See goiter, exophthalmic. S.'s expec- 
torant, a preparation used in the treatment of bron- 
chitis. It consists of pulverized carbonate of am- 
monium 16 grains, fluidextract of senega and squills 
each \ dram, paregoric 3 drams, syrup of Tolu 
sufficient to make two ounces. A dram of this is 
given p. r. n. S.'s law, inflammation of serous or 
mucous membranes leads to paralysis of subjacent 
muscles. S.'s liniment, a liniment containing tur- 
pentine, acetic acid, oil of lemon, egg, and rose 
water. S.'s pulse. See Corrigan's pulse. S.'s sign. 

1. A violent abdominal throbbing felt on palpation 
to the right of the umbilicus in acute enteritis. 

2. Marked feebleness of the first heart-sound, when 
occurring during fevers, calls for alcoholic stimu- 
lation. S.'s syndrome. See A dams- Stokes' disease. 

Stokes-Adams' symptom-complex or disease. See 
Adams-Stokes' disease. 

Stokes' operation [Sir William Stokes, Irish surgeon, 
1 839- 1 900]. 1. For amputation above the knee: 
the same as Gritti's operation, except that section 
of the femur is made above the condyles. 2. For 
excision of the tongue: a modification of Jaeger's 
operation. 3. For flat-foot: by removing a wedge- 
shaped piece of bone from the head and neck of the 
astragalus. 4. For single hare-lip: the prolabium is 
formed by tissue from both sides of the cleft by means 
of incisions skirting the red margin; the upper part 
of the cleft is incompletely pared and the partially 
dissected flaps turned back, while the edges of the 
skin are brought together and the prolabial flaps 
drawn downward and outward. 

Stokes's reagent for reducing hemoglobin [William 
Royal Stokes, American pathologist, 1870- ]. 
Add some citric or tartaric acid to a solution of ferrous 
sulphate and ammonia enough to make it alkaline. 

Stokvis' test for bile-pigments [Barend Joseph 
Stokvis, Dutch physician, 1834-1902]. To 20 to 30 
Cc. of urine add 5 to 10 Cc. of a zinc acetate solution 
(1 : 5). Wash the precipitate on a small filter with 
water, and dissolve in a little ammonia. When 
filtered, the filtrate will give, after standing in the 
air, a brownish green color, and show the absorption 
bands of bilicyanin, one between C and D, the 
second at D, and the third between D and E. 

stolidity (stol-id'-it-e) [stoliditas]. A term desig- 
nating stupidity of various degrees, even to amentia, 
or complete imbecility — oftener, however, signi- 
fying merely a phlegmatic or immobile tempera- 
ment. 

Stoll's pneumonia. Bilious pneumonia; a variety 
of pneumonia with gastrohepatic symptoms. 

stolon (sto'-lon). In biology: (a) a slender, pros- 
trate branch, taking root, or bearing a bulb at the 
tip, where it forms one or more new plants; (b) an 
analogous budding stock in certain compound ani- 
mals. 

stolonization {sto-lon-iz-a' -shun) [stolo, a shoot]. 
The process of transforming, in certain organisms, 
one organ into another through external influences, 
such as gravitation, contact, light, etc. 

Stoltz's operation (stolts) [Joseph Alexis Stoltz, 
French gynecologist, 1803-1896]. Pubiotomy. 
. stoma (sto'-mah) [arb^a, mouth; pi., stomata]. 
1. A mouth. 2. A pore, as that between endothelial 



cells, establishing direct communication between 
adjacent lymph-channels. 

stomacace (sto-mak'-as-e) [arbfia, mouth; kukos, 
evil]. Canker of the mouth. Fetor of the mouth 
with ulcerated gums, also scorbutic sore-mouth. 

stomach (stum'-ak) [aronaxos, the stomach]. The 
most dilated part of the alimentary canal, situated 
below the diaphragm in the left hypochondriac, the 
epigastric, and part of the right hypochondriac 
regions. It is connected at one end (cardiac end) 
with the esophagus, at the other (pyloric end) with 
the duodenum. Its wall consists of four coats — the 
serous, muscular, submucous, and mucous. The 
mucous coat contains the gastric glands (cardiac and 
pyloric glands), which secrete the gastric juice and 
mucus, s.-bed, the shelf-like support upon which 
the stomach rests, formed by the portion of the 
pancreas situated to the left of the median line. 
This is quite thick anteroposteriorly, and its upper 
surface (anterior surface of His) makes a large portion 
of the shelf, s.-bucket, a small bucket for extracting 
some of the gastric contents, s.-cough, a reflex 
cough excited by irritation of the stomach, s.- 
pump, a pump for withdrawing the contents of the 
stomach, s.-reefing. Synonym of gastrorrhaphy. 
s.-tooth, a lower canine tooth, especially one of 
the first dentition, s.-tube, a flexible tube for irriga- 
tion or evacuation of the stomach, s.-worm disease, 
a disease of cattle due to species of Strongylus — ■ 
5. contortus, S. osterfagi, S. curticei, S. parkeri, S. 
retortceformis, S. fillicollis, S. oncpphorus. 

stomachal (stum'-ak-al) [stomach]. Pertaining to 
the stomach. 

stomachalgia (stum-ak-al'-je-ah) [stomach; ahyos, 
pain]. Pain in the stomach. 

stomachic (stum-ak'-ik) [stomach], 1. Pertaining 
to the stomach. 2. Stimulating the secretory 
activity of the stomach. 3. One of a class of sub- 
stances which have an influence upon the work of the 
digestive organs. 

stomachoscopy (stum-ak-os'-ko-pe) [stomach; <tko- 
■jrelv, to view]. Examination of the stomach; gastro* 
scopy. 

stomata (sto'-mat-ah). Plural of stoma, q. v. 

stomatal (sto'-mat-al) [<rr6fui, mouth]. Relating 
to stomata. _ 

stomatalgia {sto-mat-al'-je-ah) [aro/ia, mouth; 
&\yos, pain]. Pain in the mouth. 

stomatic (sto-mat'-ik) [crrofia, mouth]. Relating 
or belonging to the mouth. 

stomatitis (stom-at-i'-tis) [stoma; ins, inflamma- 
tion]. Inflammation of the mouth, s. aphthosa, 
s., aphthous. See aphtha, s., catarrhal, a simple 
form characterized by swelling of the mucous mem- 
brane, pain, and salivation, s., epidemic, an acute 
infectious stomatitis, which occurs in epidemic, 
s., gangrenous. See cancrum oris, s., mercurial, 
that arising from poisoning by mercury, s., mycotic. 
See thrush, s., parasitic. See thrush, s., scorbutic, 
that due to scurvy, s., ulcerative, a form charac- 
terized by the formation of small ulcers on the 
cheeks, lips, and tongue, with copious salivation, 
pain, fetid breath, slight fever, and at times great 
prostration, s., vesicular. Same as s., aphthous. 

stomato- (sto-mat-o-) [<tt6hcl, mouth]. A prefix 
meaning pertaining to the mouth. 

stomatocace (sto-mat-ok'-as-e) [stomato-; k&kos, 
evil]. Fetid ulceration of the mouth. 

stomatocatharsis (sto-mat-o-kath-ar'-sis). Synonym 
of salivation. 

stomatodynia (sto-mat-o-din'-e-ah) [stomato-; 68wr), 
pain]. Pain in the mouth. 

stomatodysodia (sto-mat-o-dis-o'-de-ah) [stomato- ; 
SvaoodLa, foul odor]. A foul odor of the breath; ill 
smelling breath. 

stomatogastric {sto-mat-o-gas'-trik) [stomato-; ya<r- 
ttjp, stomach]. In biology, applied to the nerves; 
pertaining to the mouth and the stomach. 

stomatol (sto'-mat-ol). An antiseptic compound 
said to consist of terpineol, 4 parts; soap, 2 parts; 
alcohol, 45 parts; aromatics, 2 parts; glycerol, 5 
parts; water, 42 parts. 

stomatologic, stomatological (sto-mat-o-loj'-ik, sto- 
mat-o-loj' -ik-al) [stomato-; Xoyos, science]. Pertaining 
to stomatology. 

stomatologist (sto-mat-oV -o-jist) [stomato-; \6yos, 
science]. One versed in stomatology. 

stomatology (sto-mat-ol'-o-je) [stomato-; Xoyos, 
science]. The sum of what is known about the 
mouth. 



STOMATOMALACIA 



845 



STRAIN 



stomatomalacia {sto-mat-o-maV -a-se-ah) [stomato-; 
fiakaKLa, softening]. Sloughing or softening of parts 
of the mouth. 

stomatomenia (sto-mat-o-me'-ne-ah) [stomato-; y.i\v, 
month]. Vicarious menstruation by way of the 
mouth. 

stomatomia (sto-mat-o'-me-ah) [stomato-; rkuveiv, 
to cut]. A general term for the incision of a mouth, 
as of the uterus. 

stomatomy (stom-at'-o-me) [stoma; ro/xri, a cutting]. 
Incision of the os uteri. 

stomatomycosis (stom-at-o-mi-ko' -sis) [stomato-; 
mycosis]. A disease of the mouth due to fungi, 
especially Oidium albicans. 

stomatonecrosis, stomatonoma (stom-at-o-ne-kro' - 
sis, stom-at-on' -o-mah) . See cancrum oris. 

stomatopathy (stom-at-op'-ath-e) [stomato-; iraBos, 
disease]. Any disease of the mouth. 

stomatoplasty (sto'-mat-o-plas-te) [stomato-; 7rXd«r- 
aeiv, to form]. A plastic operation upon the mouth. 

stomatopoiesis (sto-mat-o-poi-e'-sis) . See stomato- 
plasty. 

stomatoplastic (sto-mat-o-plas'-tik). Pertaining to 
stomatoplasty. 

stomatorrhagia (sto-mat-or-a'-je-ah) [stomato-; pvy- 
jwcu, to burst forth]. Copious hemorrhage from the 
mouth. 

stomatoscope (slom'-at-o-skop) [stomato-; oko-kzLv, 
to inspect]. An instrument for inspecting the 
cavity of the mouth. 

stomato sis {sto-mat-o' -sis) [arop-a, mouth]. Disease 
of the mouth. 

stomatosyrinx (sto-mat-o-sir'-ingks) [stomato-; 
<rvpiy£, a tube]. The Eustachian tube. 

stomatotomy (sto-mal-ot'-o-me) [stomato-; tout], a 
cutting]. Incision of the os uteri. 

stomatotyphus (sto-mat-o-ti'-fus) [stomato-; typhus], 
A form of typhus in which the beginning lesions are 
found in the mouth. 

stomenorrhagia (sto-men-or-a'-je-ah) [arbpa, mouth; 
Menorrhagia], Vicarious menstruation from the 
mouth. 

stomocephalus (stom-o-sef'-al-us) [stoma; k^oKti, 
head]. A variety of monster in which there is the 
same deformity as in rhinocephalus or in cyclo- 
cephalus, associated with a defect of the maxillary 
bones, so that the skin hangs in folds around the 
mouth. 

stomodasal (sto-mo-de'-al) [aropa, mouth; 68aZos, 
by the way]. Having the character of a stomodaeum. 

stomodaeum (stom-o-de'-um) [stoma; oSalos, by the 
way]. The primitive oral cavity of the embryo, 
formed by a depression of the ectoderm and after- 
ward forming the mouth and upper part of the 
pharynx. 

stomoschisis (sto-mos'-kis-is) [crropa, mouth; <rxiVis, 
fissure]. Fissure of the mouth, particularly of the 
soft palate. 

Stomoxys calcitrans (sto-moks'-is kal'-sit-ranz). 
The common stable fly which, by its bite, is believed 
to spread trypanosomes. 

stone. A hardened mass of mineral matter. See 
calculus, s., blue, copper sulphate crystals, s., 
gall-, a biliary calculus; see gall-stone. 

stool. The evacuation of the bowels, s.s, acholic, 
i. Light gray or clay-colored stools having the 
consistence of putty, which follow stoppage of the 
flow of bile into the duodenum. The color is due to 
the presence of the normal urobilin. The stools 
show, under the microscope, an abnormal amount of 
fat. This form of acholic stool is accompanied by 
icterus and choluria. 2. Stools of the same color may 
occur in the absence of interference with the flow of 
bile, but when the stool contains an excessively large 
amount of fat and fatty acids, ss., bilious, the dis- 
charge is bilious diarrhea, as after large doses 
of calomel, ss., caddy, yellow-fever stools which 
resemble fine, dark, sandy mud. ss., fatty, stools 
in which fat is present; due to pancreatic disease. 
s., insulated, in electricity, a stool provided with in- 
sulated legs, s.s, lead-pencil, fecal discharges of a 
very small caliber. They occur independent of any 
general nervousness or local intestinal spasm, and 
cannot be regarded as evidence of stricture or steno- 
sis of the colon, ss., mucous, stools containing mu- 
cus. They indicate the existence of intestinal in- 
flammation, ss., pea-soup, the peculiar liquid evac- 
uation of typhoid fever, ss., rice-water, the stools 
of cholera, in which there is a copious serous exuda- 
tion containing detached epithelium, s.s, Schafkoth, 



see s.s, sheep-dung, s.s, sheep-dung, the small round 
fecal masses (similar to the dung of sheep) due to 
atony of the intestine; this form of passage may occur 
in the socalled "starvation" or "hunger" evacuation 
which is found in cases of inanition, e. g., after car- 
cinomatous cachexia when the intestine becomes 
very much contracted, s.-sieve of Boas, an ap- 
paratus by means of which leces may be thoroughly 
and conveniently washed, so that undigested remains 
of food, bits of mucus, concretions, and parasites are 
readily seen and isolated. 

stop [ME., stoppen, to stop]. To plug up; to hold 
back; to hinder, s.-cock, a turning cock, connected 
with a pipe, for regulating the flow of gases or liquids. 
s.-needle, a lance-pointed needle used in the oper- 
ation of discission, having an enlargement or shoulder 
upon the shank to prevent too deep penetration. 

stoppage (stop'-aj) [ME., stoppen, to stop]. Ces- 
sation of flow or action; closure or stegnosis. 

stopper, stopple (stop'-er, stop'-l) [ME., stoppen, to 
stop]. A plug or other closure for a bottle, commonly 
made of cork, rubber, or glass, s.-dropper, a com- 
bination of stopper and medicine pipet in one piece. 

stopping (stop'-ing). See filling. 

storax (sto'-raks). See styrax. 

storesin (sto-rez'-in) [storax]. An amorphous resin 
forming the largest ingredient of storax. 

Stoughton's elixir (stou'-ton). Tinctura absinthii 
composita; a tincture of wormwood, germander, 
gentian, rhubarb, orange-peel, cascarilla, and aloes; 
used as a flavor in alcoholic drinks and as a general 
tonic. 

stout (stowf). 1. Hardy, sturdy, corpulent. 2. 
A heavy beer or porter. 

stovaine (sto-van'), C14H21NO2HCI. Amylene hy- 
drochloride. A local anesthetic, also used in spinal 
anesthesia. 

stovainization (sto-va-ni-za'-shun). The production 
of local anesthesia by the subarachnoid injection of 
stovaine. 

strabilismus (strab-il-iz'-mus). See strabismus. 

strabism (strab'-izm). See strabismus. 

strabismal, strabismic (strab-iz'-mal, strab-iz'-mik) 
[strabismus]. Relating to strabismus. 

strabismometer (strab-iz-mom'-et-er). See slra- 
bometer. 

strabismometry (strab-iz-mom'-et-re) [strabismus ; 
fierpov, measure]. The measurement of the degree of 
strabismus. 

strabismus (strab-iz'-mus) [<rrpa/9io7*6s, from <rrpa- 
/36s, crooked]. Squint; that abnormality of the eyes 
in which the visual axes do not meet at the desired 
objective point, in consequence of incoordinate action 
of the external ocular muscles, s., alternating, one 
in which either eye fixes alternately, s., bilateral, 
same as s., alternating, s., concomitant, one in which 
the squinting eye has full range of movement, s., 
convergent, one in which the squinting eye is turned 
to the nasal side, s., divergent, one in which the 
squinting eye is turned to the temporal side, s., 
external, see 5., divergent, s., Hirschberg's test for, 
a rough estimate of the amount of strabismus is 
made by observing the position of the corneal reflec- 
tion of a candle-flame held one foot in front of the 
eye to be tested, the examiner placing his own eye 
near the candle and looking just over it. s., internal, 
see s., convergent, s., paralytic, due to paralysis of 
one or more muscles, s., spastic, due to a spastic 
contraction of an ocular muscle, s., sursumvergens, 
one in which the visual axis is directed upwards. 

strabometer (strab-om'-et-er) [strabismus; pkrpov, 
measure]. An instrument for the measurement of 
the deviation of the eyes in strabismus. 

strabometry (slrab-om'-el-re) [strabismus; pkrpov, 
measure]. The determination of the degree of ocular 
deviation in strabismus. 

straboscopic (slrab'-o-skop'-ik) [strabismus ; crooked; 
vKOTTtlv, to see]. Pertaining to the appearance of 
objects as seen by one with strabismus, s. disc, an 
instrument producing distortion of objects. 

strabotome (slrab'-o-tom) [strabismus; rkpvtiv, to 
cut]. A knife used in strabotomy. 

strabotomy (slrab-ol'-o-me) [see strabotome]. An 
operation for the correction of strabismus. 

Strachan's disease (strorn) [William Henry Wil- 
liams Slrachan, English physician]. Pellagra. 

strain (stran) [OF., estraindre, from L., stringer e, to 
draw tight]. 1. Excessive stretching; overuse of a 
part. 2. The condition produced in a part by over- 
use or wrong use, as eyestrain. 3. To overexert; to 



STRAINER 



846 



STREPTOANGINA 



use to excess; to make violent efforts. 4. A sub- 
variety of any domestic animal, often locally called 
breed. 5. In pharmacy, to separate insoluble sub- 
stances from the liquid in which they occur; to 
filter. 

strainer (stra'-ner). In pharmacy, a sieve for 
filtration. 

strait (strat) [Fr., etroit, from strictus, drawn tight]. 
A narrow or constricted passage, as the inferior or 
superior strait of the pelvis, s., inferior (of the pelvis), 
see under pelvis (3). s.-jacket, a strong jacket placed 
on the insane or delirious to prevent injury to them- 
selves or to others, s., superior (of the pelvis), see 
under pelvis (3). s.-waistcoat, see s.-jacket. 

stramonium (stra-mo'-ne-um). The thorn-apple. 
The stramonium of the U. S. P. is the dried leaves of 
Datura stramonium, Jamestown weed or jimson-weed, 
a plant of the order Solanacece. It contains two al- 
kaloids, daturine, identical with atropine, and hyo- 
scyamine. The action of stramonium resembles that 
of belladonna. It is used in asthma, dysmenorrhea, 
neuralgia, rheumatism, and pains of syphilitic origin. 
In asthma the leaves may be smoked in a tobacco 
pipe. Locally stramonium is employed as an oint- 
ment or cataplasm in irritable ulcers and inflamed 
surfaces, s., extract of (extractum stramonii, U. S. 
P.). Dose \ gr. (0.0 1 Gm.). s., fluidextract of 
(fluidextr actum stramonii, U. S. P.). Dose 1 min. 
(0.05 Co), s. ointment (unguentum stramonii, U. 
S. P.), an ointment made of stramonium extract, 
diluted alcohol, hydrous wool-fat, and benzoinated 
lard, s., tincture of (tinctura stramonii, U. S. P.). 
Dose 8 min. (0.5 Cc). 

strangalesthesia, strangalaesthesia, (stran-gal-es- 
the'-ze-ah). See zonesthesia. 

strangles (strang'-lz) [arpayyaKt), a halter]. An 
infectious catarrh of the upper air-passages especially 
of the nasal cavity, of the horse, ass, and mule, as- 
sociated with suppuration of the submaxillary and 
other lymphatic glands. 

strangling. See strangulation. 

strangulated (strong' -gil-la-ted). 1. Choked. 2. 
Compressed so that the circulation is arrested, as 
strangulated hernia. 

strangulation (strang-gu-la'-shun) [strangulare, to 
choke]. 1. The act of choking. 2. Constriction of a 
part producing arrest of the circulation, as strangu- 
lation of a hernia. 

strangury (strong' -gu-re) [arpayi-, a drop; ovpov, 
urine]. Painful urination, the urine being voided 
drop by drop. 

strap. 1. A long band, as of adhesive plaster. 2. 
To compress a part by means of bands, especially 
bands of adhesive plaster. 

Strasburger's cell-plate [Edward Strasburger, Ger- 
man histologist, 1844- ]. The equatorial plate in 
which division of the nucleus occurs during kary- 
okinesis. 

Strassburg's test for bile-acids (strahs'-boorg) [Gus- 
tav Adolf Strassburg, German physiologist, 1848- ]. 
Dip filter-paper into urine to which cane-sugar has 
been added; dry it, and apply a drop of sulphuric 
acid. In the presence of bile-acids a red coloration 
will be shown on the paper. For this test the liquid 
must be free from albumin. 

stratification (sir at-e-fik-a' -shun) [stratum; facer e, to 
make]. Arrangement in layers. 

stratified (strat'-e-fid) [see stratification]. Arran- 
ged in layers. 

stratiform (strat'-e-form) [stratum; forma, form J. 
Formed into a layer, s. fibrocartilage, fibrocartilage 
lining bony grooves through which the tendons of 
muscles pass. 

stratum (stra'-tum) [L., from sterner e, to strew |. A 
layer, s. albocinereum, the alternate white and gray 
matter of the corpus striatum, s. bacillatum, s. bacil- 
losum, s. bacillorum, the bacillary layer, the layer of 
rods and cones of the retina, s. choriocapillare, see 
tunica ruyschiana. s. cinereum, the most superficial 
layer of the cortex of the cerebellum, also of the an- 
terior lobes of the corpora quadrigemina and of the 
floor of the fourth ventricle, s. corneum, s. gran- 
ulosum, s. lucidum, s. Malpighii, see under skin. 
s. corticale, see cortex (3). s. cutaneum, the 
outer dermic Jayer of the tympanic membrane. 
s. cylindrorum, the bacillary layer of the retina, s. 
episclerata, the part of Tenon's capsule on the scle- 
rotic coat. s. epitrichiale, see epitrichium. s. gel- 
atinosum, the fourth layer in the olfactory bulb, 
composed of large ganglion-cells with branched pro- 



cesses. Syn., ganglion-cell layer, s. glomerulorum, 
the layer of the olfactory lobe (the second from the 
ventral side) containing the olfactory glomerules. 
s. granulosum, a layer of minute cells or one of cells 
containing many granules. 1. The external granular 
layer of the retina. 2. Meynert's name for the layer 
of small, irregular cells composing the fourth stratum 
of the cortex in the five-stratum type. 3. The layer 
of the olfactory lobe lying between the medullary 
ring and the stratum gelatinosum. 4. The layer of 
the epidermis covering the rete mucosum. 5. A his- 
tological appearance in that portion of the dentin im- 
mediately underlying the enamel and cementum of a 
tooth, s. griseum centrale, see entocinerea. s. la- 
cunosum, the inner portion of the fifth or outer layer 
of the hippocampus, s. lucidum, a translucent layer 
of the epidermis consisting of irregular transparent 
cells with traces of a nucleus, s. moleculare, see 
layer, molecular, s. mucosum, see rete mucosum. s. 
nerveum of Henle, the layers of the retina exclusive 
of the rods and cones. Syn., Bruecke's tunica nervea. 
s. oriens, the third layer, counting from within out- 
ward, of the hippocampus, s. nucleare, that part of 
the gray matter of the medulla forming the floor of 
the fourth ventricle, s. proligerum, the discus pro- 
ligerus and cumulus proligerus regarded as one. Syn., 
membrana cumuli, s. reticulatum, Arnold's, the net- 
work formed by the fibers connecting the occipital 
lobe with the thalamus before they enter the latter, 
s. spinosum, see prickle-layer. Consecutive hyper- 
trophy of this layer constitutes* acanthosis, s. vas- 
culosum, see tunica vasculosa. s. vasculosum cutis, 
the subpapillary layer of the derma; the part of the 
corium immediately below the papillae, s. zonale, 
the superficial portion of the fifth or outer layer of the 
hippocampus. 

Straus' sign (slrows) [Isidore Straus, French phy- 
sician, 1845-1006]. In facial paralysis from a cen- 
tral cause the hypodermatic injection of pilocarpine 
causes no appreciable difference in the perspiration of 
the two sides, either as to time of quantity, whereas 
there is a marked retardation of the secretion on the 
affected side in severe peripheral paralysis, s.'s re- 
action. The injection of material containing the 
bacillus of glanders into the abdominal cavity of a 
male guineapig is followed in a few days by a char- 
acteristic, generally purulent, inflammation of the 
testes. 

Strauss's sign (strows) [Hermann Strauss, German 
physician, 1868- ]. The administration of fatty 
food by the mouth causes an increase in the amount 
of fatty constituents in the effusion of chylous ascites. 

strawberry-marks. Same as mother's marks, q. v. 

strawberry-tongue. The characteristic tongue of 
scarlatina, in which the vessels of the fungiform papil- 
lae become turgid, causing the papillae to stand out 
as red points, in marked contrast with the thick coat- 
ing of fur on the filiform papillae. 

streak (strek). A furrow, line, or stripe, s., cul- 
ture, a bacterial culture in streaks, s.s, Knapp's 
angioid, pigment streaks appearing occasionally in 
the retina after hemorrhage, s., medullary, see 
medullary groove, s., meningitic, see tache cerebrate. 
s., primitive, an opaque band extending some dis- 
tance forward from the posterior margin of the area 
pellucida, and forming the first noticeable sign of the 
development of the blastoderm, s., reflex, a shining 
white streak running along the center of the vessels 
in the retina. It is due to the reflection of the light 
from the anterior surface of the column of blood. 

stream (strem) [ME., streem]. To flow; applied to 
movement in protoplasm and in blood corpuscles. 

stremma (strem' -ah) [trrpkufia, a sprain twist]. A 
sprain. 

strengthening plaster. Emplastrum roborans or 
iron-plaster. 

strephotome (stref'-o-tom) [<TTpk<f>eiv, to twist; rkfiveiv, 
to cut]. An instrument shaped like a corkscrew, 
formerly used to secure union in the operation for 
the radical cure of hernia. 

strepitus (strep' -it-us) [L., noise]. A sound, a noise, 
s. aurium, see tinnitus aurium. s. coriaceous, an 
auscultatory sound resembling the creaking of lea- 
ther, s. uteri, see souffle, uterine, s. uterinus, the 
uterine bruit, q. v. 

strepto- (strep-to-) [trrpeirTos, twisted]. A prefix 
signifying twisted. 

streptoangina (strep-to-an'-jin-ah). A pseudo- 
membranous deposit in the throat due to strepto- 
cocci (J. E. Walsh). Cf. diphtheroid (2). 



STREPTOBACILLUS 



847 



STROKE 



streptobacillus (strep-to-bas-il'-us) . A bacillus form- 
ing twisted chains. 

streptobacteria (strep-to-bak-te'-re-ah) [strepto- ; 
PaKT-qpiov, bacterium]. Short, rod-shaped bacteria 
forming chains. 

streptococcal, streptococcic, streptococcous (strep- 
to-kok'-al, -ik, -us). Relating to or due to strepto- 
cocci. 

streptococcemia, streptococcaemia (strep-to-kok-se'- 
me-ah) [streptococcus; alfia, blood]. The presence of 
streptococci in the blood. 

streptococcolysin, streptocolysin (strep-to-kok-ol'-is- 
in, strep-to-koV -is-in) [streptococcus ; \veiv, to loosen]. 
A hemolysin produced in cultures of streptococci. 

Streptococcus (strep-to-kok'-us) [strepto-; kokkos, a 
kernel]. A genus of schizomycetes of which the cocci 
are arranged in strings. See micrococci, table of. s.- 
angina, angina due to streptococci, s.-curve, the 
remitting temperature-curve in hectic fever, supposed 
to depend upon the streptococcus (Petruschky). 

streptocolysin (strep-to-koV -is-in) [streptococcus; 
Xiiew, to loose]. A hemolysin produced in cultures of 
streptococci. 

streptocosis (slrep-to-ko'-sis). Infection by strep- 
tococci. 

streptocyte (strep' -to-sit) [strepto-; kvtos, cell]. A 
cell presenting a twisted appearance or occurring 
with others in twisted chains; a streptococcus. 

streptomycosis (strep-to-mi-ko'-sis) [streptococcus ; 
hvktis, fungus]. Infection with streptococci. 

Streptopus (strep' -to-pus) [strepto-; irovs, foot]. 
Twisted stalk, a genus of liliaceous plants. 5. dis- 
tortus is indigenous to Europe and America, and is 
used in infusion as a gargle. 

streptosepticemia, streptosepticasmia (strep-to-sep- 
tis-e'-me-ah). Septicemia due to invasion of strep- 
tococci. 

streptothrical (strep-to-thrik'-al). Relating to or 
due to members of the genus Streptothrix. 

streptothricosis (strep-to-thrik-o'-sis). Infection 
with streptothrix. 

Streptothrix (strep'-to-thriks). A class of schizo- 
mycetes. 

stretch. To draw out to full length, s.-walk, a 
position in walking for physical development, with 
the arms stretched upward. 

stretcher (stretsh'-er). A cot litter for carrying the 
sick. 

stria (stri'-ah) [L., a streak: pi., stria], s. cornea, 
a narrow white streak interpolated between the thal- 
amus and the caudatum on the ventricular floor. A 
streak or white line. s. medullaris, a band of white 
matter adjacent to the taenia thalami (Barker), s. 
medullaris thalami, an oblique furrow on the superior 
aspect of the thalamus, s., pineal, the habena or 
habenula. s. terminalis, taenia semicircularis. s. 
vascularis, the vascular upper part of the spiral lig- 
ament of the scala media. 

striae (stri'-e) [L., pi. of stria], s. acusticae trans- 
verse white lines on the lower part of the floor of the 
fourth ventricle, which unite with the auditory nerve- 
roots, s. atrophicae, whitish, cicatricial lines of the 
skin caused by the contractions of skin that have been 
stretched by fat, pregnancy, etc. s. gravidarum, the 
atrophic striae observed upon the abdomen in pregnant 
women, s. longitudinales, long, slightly elevated 
lines on the upper surface of the corpus callosum. s. 
medullares, see 5. acusticce. s. musculares, the trans- 
verse markings of striated muscles, s. Schreger's, 
Schreger's lines, q. v. 

striate, striated (stri'-dt, stri'-a-ted) [stria]. Striped, 
s. body, the corpus striatum, s. muscle, see under 
muscle, and muscular tissue. 

striatum (stri-a'-shun) [stria], i. The state of 
being striated. 2. A striated structure, s., tabby- 
cat, see tabby-cat striation. 

striatum, i. See stratum. 2. The corpus striatum, 
s. oriens, see stratum oriens. 

stricture (strik'-tur) [slrictura, from stringere, to 
draw tight]. A narrowing of a canal from external 
pressure, or as a result of inflammatory or other 
changes in its walls, s., annular, a ring-like obstruc- 
tion produced by a fold of mucous membrane or 
constriction all around the urethra, gut, etc. s., 
bridle, a fold of mucous membrane forming a cres- 
centic obstruction, or perforated in its center; called, 
also, s., linear, s., pack-thread, s., valvular, and 5., 
hour-glass, according to the peculiar appearances. 
s., cicatricial, a stricture due to cicatricial tissue. 
s., congestive, a temporary obstruction of the urethra 



from subacute prostatitis or other passing inflamma- 
tion, s.-cutter, an instrument for dividing a stric- 
ture, s.-fever, the constitutional disturbances 
sometimes the result of acute stricture, s., function- 
al, see s., spasmodic, s., impermeable, or s., im- 
passable, one not permitting the passage of a bougie 
or catheter, s., irregular, or s., tortuous, so named 
from the complications or peculiarities, s., irritable, 
one in which the passage of the instrument causes 
great pain, s., organic, narrowing of a canal due to 
tissue-change, to deposits, or to pressure from with- 
out, s., permeable or passable, one permitting the 
passage of an instrument, s., recurrent or con- 
tractile, one in which the constriction returns after 
dilatation, s., simple, one that produces no inter- 
ruption of function, pain, etc. s., spasmodic, a 
stricture due to muscular spasm and not to organic 
change. 

stricturotome (strik'-tu-ro-tom) [stricture; rkuveiv, to 
cut]. An instrument for dividing a stricture. 

stricturotomy (strik-tu-rot'-o-me) [see stricturo- 
tome]. The operation of incising a stricture. 

stridor (stri'-dor) [stridere, to make a creaking 
sound]. A peculiar, harsh, vibrating sound produced 
during expiration, s. dentium, grinding of the teeth. 
s., inspiratory, the sound heard in inspiration through 
a spasmodically closed glottis, s., laryngeal, stridor 
due to laryngeal stenosis, s., laryngeal, congenital. 
Respiratory croaking (in babies), s. serraticus, a 
sound like that of sharpening a saw, sometimes pro- 
duced by expiration through a tracheotomy-tube. 

stridulous (strid'-u-lus) [stridor]. Characterized by 
stridor, s. laryngismus, see laryngismus stridulus. 

stringent (strin'-jent) [stringere, to bind]. Binding. 

string-galvanometer. Same as electrocardio- 
graph, q. v. 

stringhalt (string' -hawlt) [a corruption of spring- 
halt]. A popular name for a nervous affection mani- 
fested in involuntary, convulsive movements of one 
or both hind legs of a horse. See springhalt. 

striocellular (slri-o-sel'-u-lar) . Relating to or com- 
posed of striated muscle-fiber and cells. 

stripe (strip) [ME., stripe, a stripe]. A streak; a 
discolored mark. 

stripping (strip' -ing) [ME., stripen, to rob]. Un- 
covering; unsheathing. In the plural, the last and 
richest milk given at any one milking; so called be- 
cause it is slowly removed by the milker, who strips 
the teats between the fingers, s. of the pleura, re- 
moval of the lining membrane of the thorax of an 
animal used for food, to remove the traces of pleurisy 
and of tuberculosis. 

strobic (strob'-ik) [arpofios, a top]. Resembling or 
pertaining to a top. s. discs, discs drawn with con- 
centric circles, so as to produce an illusory impression 
as if they were revolving. 

strobila (strob-i'-lah) [<rrp6/3iXoy, a pine-cone: pi., 
strobiles], i. A form of development occurring in the 
cnidaria and cestoda, in which the products of asex- 
ual generation by a sort of fission remain attached to 
the proliferating organism or to each other. 2. A 
name given to a tape-worm as a whole, s., monodisc, 
the simplest form of strobilation, in which the disc 
(scyphistoma) separates from its peduncle, s., poly- 
disc, that form in which successively formed discs 
remain attached. 

strobilation (strob-il-a'-shun) [arpbfiChos, a pine- 
cone]. The formation of zooids, discs or joints by 
metameric division, gemmation, or fission. 

strobile (strob'-il) [orpo/SiXos, a pine-cone], i. A 
multiple fruit in which the seeds are enclosed by prom- 
inent scales, as a pine-cone. 2. A strobila. 

strobiloid (stro'-bil-oid) [trrpo/SiXos, a pine-cone; 
elSos, like]. Like a strobile. 

strobilus (stro-bi'-lus) [strobilus, a pine-cone]. The 
tape-worm. 

stroboscope (stro'-bo-skop) [<rrp6j8os, a twisting; 
(TKowtlv, to view]. An instrument by which a series 
of slightly different pictures presented rapidly in suc- 
cession is made to appearas a continuous object in 
motion; a zoetrope. s., direct, one in which the fig- 
ures and slits revolve in the same direction; a phen- 
akistoscope. s., reverse, one in which the figures and 
slits revolve in opposite directions; a dedalum. 

stroboscopic (strob-o-skop'-ik) [stroboscope]. Per- 
taining to the stroboscope. 

strobostereoscope (stro-bo-ster'-e-o-skop). See ster- 
eostroboscope. 

stroke (strok). i. In pathology, a sudden and 
severe seizure or fit of disease. 2. A popular term for 



STROMA 



848 



STRYCHNINE 



apoplexy. 3. To pass the hands gently over the body, 
s., apoplectic, see apoplexy, s., back, of the heart, 
the supposed "reaction-impulse," or recoil of the 
ventricles at the moment the blood is discharged into 
the aorta, s., heat, see hyperpyrexia, s., paralytic, 
sudden loss of muscular power from lesion of the brain 
or spinal cord. 

stroma (stro'-mah) [arpQ/ia, a bed]. The tissue 
forming the framework for the essential part of an 
organ, s., cancer, the fibrous-tissue element of a 
cancer. 

stroma fibrin. Landois' term for fibrin formed di- 
rectly from stroma, as distinguished from plasma- 
fibrin or that formed in the usual way. s.-plexus, a 
plexus of axis-cylinders formed by the corneal nerves. 

stromatic (stro-mat'-ik). Resembling a stroma. 

stromatolysis (stro-mat-ol'-is-is) [stroma; \veiv, to 
loosen]. A dissolution of the stroma or surrounding 
membrane of a cell, without the cell body being 
affected. 

strombodes jenneri (strom-bo'-dez jen'-er-i). A 
name proposed by Sjobring for the microorganism of 
vaccinia. 

Stromeyer's cephalhematocele {stro'-mi-er) [Georg 
Friedrich Louis Stromeyer, German surgeon, 1804- 
1876]. Subperiosteal cephalhematoma communi- 
cating with veins and becoming tensely filled during 
strong expiratory efforts. S.'s splint, one used to 
prevent stiffness of the joints in case of fracture. It 
consists of two hinged parts that can be fixed at any 
angle. 

stromuhr (stro'-moor) [Ger.]. An instrument for 
measuring the velocity of blood-flow. 

strongylosis (stron-jil-o'-sis) . Infection with worms 
of the genus Strongylus. 

Strongylus (stron'-jil-us) [arpoyyvKos, round]. A 
genus of nematode worms found in the lower animals, 
and occasionally in man. 

strontia (stron'-she-ah). Strontium oxide. 

strontium (stron'<-she-um) [Strontian, a town in Scot- 
land]. A metallic element belonging to the group of 
alkaline earths. It has a specific gravity of 2.5, an 
atomic weight of 87.63, and a valence of two. Sym- 
bol Sr. s. acetate, 2Sr(C2Hs02)2 + H2O, a white crys- 
talline powder, soluble in water, used as an anthel- 
mintic. Dose i-f gr. (0.016-0.05 Gm.). s. arsen- 
ate, Sr (As02)2+4H20, a white powder, soluble in 
water, used as an alterative and tonic in skin diseases 
and malarial conditions. Dose -fa— ft S r - (0.002- 
0.004 Gm.). s. bromide (strontii bromidum, U. S. P.), 
SrBr2.6H.2O, has been used in epilepsy, diabetes, gas- 
trectasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and lithemia. Dose 
15-30 gr. (1-2 Gm.). s. and caffeine sulphonate, 
(C8H9N402.S03)2Sr, soluble in water, used as a diu- 
retic. Syn., symphorol strontium, s. glycerinophos- 
phate, a white powder, soluble in water, containing 
26-27% of phosphoric acid. s. iodide {strontii io- 
didum, U. S. P.), Srl2.6H 2 0, is used like the other 
oxides, s. lactate, Sr(C3H&03)2.3H20, is used in ne- 
phritis, albuminuria, rheumatism, and gout. Dose 10- 
30 gr. (0.65-2.0 Gm.). s. loretinate (basic), Sr. I.- 
O.C9H4N.SO3, fine, bright needles, slightly soluble 
in water, decomposed at 300 C. s. loretinate (nor- 
mal), Sr(I.OH.C9H4N.S03)2.H 2 0, orange-red, pris- 
matic crystals, sparingly soluble in water, s. oxide, 
strontia, SrO, strontium combined with oxygen, s. 
phosphate, Sr3(P04)2, a white powder, devoid of taste, 
soluble in acids; used as a nutritive and tonic. Dose 
10-30 gr. (0.65-2.0 Gm.). s. salicylate {strontii sal- 
icylas, U. S. P.), Sr(C7H 6 03)22H 2 0, white crystals, 
soluble in water; used in gout, chorea, etc. Dose 10- 
40 gr. (0.65-2.6 Gm.). 

strophanthin (strof-an' -thin) [strophanthus] Stroph- 
anlhinum (U. S. P.), C20H34O10. A toxic glucoside, 
soluble in water and alcohol, derived from strophan- 
thus. Dose fax>-fais 8 r - (0.0002-0.0003 Gm.). s. 
tannate, a yellowish, amorphous powder containing 
59% of strophanthin, soluble in water; used as a 
heart tonic. Dose rks—fa gr. (0.0004-0.001) Gm. 

Strophanthus (strof-an' -thus) [arpocfros, a twisted 
band; avdos, flower]. A genus of plants of the order 
Apocynacece, some of the species of which are used 
for the preparation of arrow-poison in Africa. The 
strophanthus of the U. S. P. is the ripe seed of S. 
kombe; it contains a crystalline glucoside, strophan- 
thin, and an alkaloid, ineine. Strophanthus is a mus- 
cle-poison, but in small doses is a cardiac and perhaps 
a vascular stimulant. It is used in the same cases as 
digitalis, s., tincture of (tinctura strophanthi, U. S. 
P., B. P.). Dose 5-15 min. (0.32-1.0 Cc). 



strophantism (stro-fan'-tizm) . Poisoning from stro- 
phanthin; the symptoms resemble those of digitalism. 

strophium (strof'-e-um) [<rTp6<j>os, a cord]. A ban- 
dage. 

strophocephalus (strof-o-sef'-al-us) [<TTp6<f>os, twist- 
ed; Ke<f>a\ri, head]. A monster having displacement 
of the parts forming the head and face. 

strophocephaly (strof-o-sef-al-e) [strophocephalus]. 
Distortion of the head; the condition of having a dis- 
torted head. 

strophulus (strof'-u-lus) [<rrp6<£os, a twisted band]. 
A form of miliaria occurring in infants. Syn., red 
gum; tooth-rash. s. albidus, same as milium, s. 
confertus, see s. intertinctus. s. infantum, an urti- 
carial disease of infants, s. intertinctus, a popular 
dermatitis of more or less acute form, a variety of 
eczema common in infants, s. puriginosus, an erup- 
tion occurring in children, and characterized by dis- 
seminated, intensely itching papules, s. volaticus, 
an acute skin disease, a typical erythema papulatum, 
characterized by slight maculae. 

structural (struk'-tii-ral) [structura, structure]. Per- 
taining to or affecting the structure. 

structure (struk'-tur) [structura; struere, to build]. 
The manner or method of the building up, arrange- 
ment, and formation of the different tissues and or- 
gans of the body or of a complete organism. Also, an 
organ, a part, or a complete organic body. 

Struempell's disease (strum' -pel) [Adolf von Struem- 
pell, German physician, 1853- ]• 1. Polienceph- 
alitis. 2. Chronic ankylosing inflammation of the 
vertebral column. S.'s type of spastic paralysis, the 
hereditary, familiar form of spastic spinal paralysis. 

Struempell-Leichtenstern's disease (strum'-pel- 
lik' -ten-stern). Acute encephalitis of infancy. 

struma (stroo'-mah) [L.]. 1. Scrofula. 2. Goiter, 
s. aberrate, a goiter of an accessory thyroid gland, 
s. maligna, carcinoma of the thyroid gland, s. supra- 
renalis, a peculiar fatty tumor of the suprarenal 
bodies, strumas lipomatodes aberratae renis, Gra- 
witz's term for a group of new-growths of kidney, 
usually benign, but, at times, serving, as the foci of 
origin of malignant tumors. Regarded by some 
pathologists as endotheliomata, by others as adrenal 
rests (cf. under rest). 

strumectomy (stroo-mek'-io-me) [struma; i/crow, ex- 
cision]. Excision of an enlarged or strumous gland, 
or of a goiter. 

strumiform (stroo'-mif-orm) [struma; forma, form]. 
Having the appearance of struma. 

strumiprival, strumpirivous (stroo-mi-pri'-val, -vus) 
[struma; privare, to deprive]. Deprived of the thy- 
roid; due to removal of the thyroid; thyroprival. 

strumitis (stroo-mi'-tis) [struma; ins, inflammation]. 
Inflammation of a goitrous thyroid gland. 

strumoderma, strumoderm (stroo-mo-der'-mah, 
str 00' -mo-derm) . See scrofuloderma. 

strumose (stroo'-mos) [struma]. Swollen on one 
side ; possessing a wen-like protuberance. 

strumosis (stroo-mo'-sis). See strumositas. 

strumositas (stroo-mos'-it-as) [struma]. The tend- 
ency toward, or diathesis of, goiter or of scrofula. 

strumous (stroo'-mus) [struma]. 1 Scrofulous. 2. 
Goitrous. 

Struve's test for blood in urine (stroo'-veh) [Heinrich 
Struve, German physician]. To the urine, pre- 
viously treated with ammonia or caustic potash, 
add tannin and acetic acid until the mixture has an 
acid reaction. In the presence of blood a dark pre- 
cipitate is formed. When this is filtered and dried, 
the hemin crystals may be obtained from the dry 
residue by adding ammonium chloride and glacial 
acetic acid. 

strychnia (strik'-ne-ah). Same as strychnine. 

strychnine, strychnina (strik'-nen, strik-ni'-nah) 
[see strychnos]. Strychnina (U. S. P.), C21H22N2O2. 
One of the alkaloids of nux vomica. Dose -fa-fa gr. 
(0. 001 1-0.0033 Gm.); hypodermatically in chronic 
alcoholism, fa- fa gr. (0.003-0.006 Gm.). s. acetate, 
C21H22N2O2.C2H4O2, small white crystals, soluble in 
96 parts of water. Use and doses the same as the 
alkaloid, s. arsenate, C21H22N2O2.AS2O5, a white, 
crystalline powder with bitter taste, soluble in 14 parts 
of cold water, 5 parts of hot water. It is used as a 
tonic and alterative in tuberculosis, malaria, etc. 
Dose fa-fa gr- (0.001-0.004 Gm.); hypodermatically, 
0.5% in liquid paraffin; of this 4-15 min. (0.25-0.9 
Cc.) daily, s. arsenite, (C2iH22N202)2As203, a white 
crystalline powder, soluble in 10 parts of boiling wa- 
ter. It is tonic, alterative, and antiperiodic. Dose 



STRYCHNINISM 



849 



STYLOMAXILLARY 



sVts gr. (0.001-0.004 Gm.) ; subcutaneous dose 4-15 
drops of a 0.5% solution in liqud paraffin, s. bisac- 
charinate, s.-diorthosulphamin-benzoate, used as is 
the arsenite. s. camphorate, C21H22N2O2.C10H16O4, 
small white crystals or crystalline^ powder soluble in 
water, used as is the alkaloid, s. citrate, C21H22N2O2.- 
C6H8O7, white crystals, soluble in water; usage and 
dosage the same as the alkaloid, s. ferricitrate, iron 
and strychnine citrate, s. hydride, obtained by the 
action of metallic sodium on strychnine in a boiling 
alcoholic solution and differing in physiological action 
from strychnine, it may, therefore, be used as a phys- 
iological antidote in strychnine poisoning, s. hydro- 
bromide, C2iH22N202.HBr, white acicular crystals, 
soluble in 32 parts of water, used as a tonic and se- 
dative. Dose ^-tV gr- (0.002-0.005 Gm.). s. 
hydrochloride, C21H22N2O2.HCI+3H2O, white needles, 
soluble in 50 parts of water at 22 C. Usage and 
doses the same as the alkaloid, s. hydroiodide, 
C21H22N2O2.HIO3, white crystals, soluble in water. 
Used as is the alkaloid, s. hypophosphite, a white 
powder, used as a tonic in tuberculosis. Dose ^7^ 
gr. (0.002-0.005 Gm.). s. with iron and quinine 
citrate, iron and quinine citrate with strychnine; 
greenish-brown, transparent scales, soluble in water, 
and containing 3-4% of pure strychnine. It is tonic 
and antiperiodic. Dose 3-7 gr- (0.2-0.45 Gm.). s. 
lactate, C21H22N2O2.C3H6O3, a white, crystalline pow- 
der, soluble in water. Usage and dosage the same as 
the alkaloid, s. nitrate (strychnines niiras, U. S. P.), 
C21H22N2O2.NHO3, silky needles, soluble in 50 parts 
of water, 60 parts of alcohol, or 2 parts of boiling 
water or alcohol. Usage and dosage the same as the 
alkaloid, s. oleate, a mixture of strychnine in oleic 
acid, soluble in ether and oleic acid; it is used in the 
external administration of strychnine, s.-orthosul- 
phamin-benzoate, see s. saccharinate. s. phenol- 
sulphate, see s. sulphocarbolate. s. phosphate, (C21- 
H22N202)2H3PO« +9H2O, a white, crystalline powder, 
soluble in water. Usage and dosage the same as the 
alkaloid, s. saccharinate, C2iH22N 2 02.C6H4(S0 2 ) (C- 
0)NH, a true salt of strychnine and saccharin; a 
white sweet powder, used in all cases where the alka- 
loid is indicated in doses one-third larger, s. sali- 
cylate, C21H22N2O2.C7H6O3, a white powder, soluble 
in water, recommended in rheumatism and chorea. 
Dose about the same as the alkaloid, s. sulphate 
(strychnine sulphas, U S. P.), (C2iH22N202)2.H 2 S04- 
+5H2O, white, odorless, very bitter prisms, which 
effloresce in dry air; soluble in 50 parts of water, 109 
parts of alcohol, 2 parts of boiling water, or 8.5 parts 
of boiling alcohol; melt at 200 C. The action differs 
but slightly from the alkaloid. Dose ^-^ gr. 
(0.002-0.005 Gm.). s. sulphocarbolate, s. sulpho- 
phenate, a white crystalline powder, soluble in water 
or alcohol, s. and zinc hydroiodide, C21H22N2O2.- 
Hl.Znh, small white crystals, soluble in water. 

strychninism (strik'-nin-izm) [strychnine]. The 
state of being under the influence of strychnine. 

strychninization (strik-nin-iz-a'-shun) [strychnine]. 
The condition produced by large doses of strychnine 
or nux vomica. 

strychninomania (strik-nin-o-ma'-ne-ah) [strych- 
nine; /icwia, madness]. Delirium from the use of 
strychnine or nux vomica. 

strychnism (strik'-nizm). Same as strychninism. 
strychninize, strychnize (strik'-nin-iz, strik'-niz). 
To bring under the influence of strychnine. 

Strychnos (strik'-nos) [arpvxvos, the nightshade]. 
A genus of the Loganiacece. S. icaja is found in the 
Gaboon region; it contains strychnine in the bark, 
leaves and root. From the stem the arrow-poison, 
tarfa, toomba, M'boundou, n'caza, icaja, or akanga, 
is prepared. The seeds of 5. ignatii (St. Ignatius' 
beans) of the Philippines act in the same manner as 
nux vomica, but contain more strychnine and less 
brucine than it does. 5. potatorum is indigenous to 
the East Indies. The seeds, nirmali, chillij, chilbing, 
are used largely to clear muddy water. They con- 
tain no strychnine or brucine, and are used as a 
remedy in diabetes and gonorrhea. The fruit is em- 
ployed in dysentery. The bark of 5. pseudoquina, of 
South America, contains no poisonous alkaloid, but 
a bitter substance, and is used as a substitute for 
quinine. S. tieute is a species of Java; from the root- 
bark the Javanese arrow-poison, upas radju or 
tschetsik, containing 1.5% strychnine and a little bru- 
cine, is prepared. The seed and leaves contain 1.4% 
of strychnine and only traces of brucine. 5. toxifera, 
of Guiana, furnishes curara. 



stub-thumb. Abbreviation and clubbing of the 
phalanx of the thumb. 

student's placenta. A retained placenta from im- 
proper manipulation. 

Stuetz's test (stilts). See Fuerbringer' s test. 

stultitia (stul-tish' -e-ah) [stultus, a fool]. Foolish- 
ness; dulness of intellect. 

stump. The extremity, pedicle, or basis of the 
part left after surgical amputation, excision, or ab- 
lation, s. of eyeball, the remainder of the globe after 
excision of an anterior staphyloma or after other cap- 
ital operation on the globe that deprives it of vision. 
s.-foot, synonym of club-foot, s., sugar-loaf, a con- 
ical stump due to undue retraction of the muscles; 
called, also, conical stump, s. of tooth, that part 
remaining after removal or destruction of the corona. 

stun [AS., stunian, to make a din]. To render 
temporarily insensible, as by a blow. 

stupe (stup) [stupa, tow]. A cloth used for apply- 
ing heat or counterirritation ; especially a cloth 
wrung out of hot water and sprinkled with a counter- 
irritant as turpentine-stupe. 

stupefacient, stupefactive (stu-pe-fa'-shent, stu-pe- 
fak'-tiv) [stupor; facere, to make]. Narcotic. 

stupefaction (stu-pe-fak'-shun) [see stupefacient]. 
Stupor, and the process of reaching it. 

stupemania (stu-pe-ma'-ne-ah) [stupor; mania]. 
Mental stupor with insanity. 

stupor (stu'-por) [L.]. The condition of being but 
partly conscious or sensible. Also a condition of 
insensibility, s., anergic, acute dementia, s., de- 
lusional, melancholic dulness of mind, with delusions; 
it is sometimes a kind of auto-hypnotism, s., epi- 
leptic, s., post-convulsive, the stupor following an 
epileptic convulsion, s. formicans, formication, s., 
lethargic, see trance, s. melancholicus, the stupor 
found in association with melancholia, s. miliaris, 
paresthesia of the fingers and toes in connection with 
miliary fever, s. vigilans, catalepsy. 

stuporous (stu'-por-us) [stupor]. In a condition of, 
or attended with stupor, s. insanity, see insanity, 
confusional. 

stupration, stuprum (stu-pra'-shun, stu'-prum) [stu- 
prum, defilement]. Rape. 

sturdy (stur'-de). 1. Vigorous; hardy. 2. See gid 
and staggers. 

sturin (stu'-rin) [sturio, sturgeon]. A protamine 
obtained from the sperm of the sturgeon. 

Sturm's focal interval (stoorm) [Johann Chris- 
toph Sturm, 1635-1703]. The interval between the 
principal focal lines of a cylindrical lens. 

stutter (stut'-er) [Ger., stottern, to stutter]. To hesi- 
tate or make repeated efforts to articulate a syllable. 
Stuttering is a variety of stammering; see stammering. 
s. -spasm, see lalophobia. 

stuttering (stut'-er-ing) [Icel., stauta, to stutter]. 
A hesitation in speech due to an inability to enunciate 
the syllables without repeated efforts. 

sty, stye (sti). See hordeolum, s., Meibomian, 
abscess of a Meibomian gland, s., Zeissian, abscess 
of one of Zeiss's glands. 

style, stylet (stil, sti-let') [<n-DXos, pillar]. 1. A 
probe. 2. A wire inserted into a catheter or cannula 
in order to stiffen the instrument or to perforate the 



styliform (sti'-lif-orm) [stilus, stake; forma, form]. 
Shaped like a style. 

stylo- (sti-lo-) [o-tCAos, pillar]. A prefix denoting 
pertaining to the styloid process of the temporal bone. 

styliscus (sti-lis' -kus) [o-tOXos, a pillar: pi., stylisci], 
1. A slender cylindrical talent. 2. In biology, the pas- 
sage leading from the stigma to the ovary through the 
style. 

styloglossal (sti-lo- glos'-al) [stylo-; glossal]. Con- 
nected with or relating to the styloid process of the 
temporal bone and the tongue. 

styloglossus (sti-lo-glos'-us). See under muscle. 

stylohyal (sti-lo-hi'-al) [stylo*-; hyoid]. One of the 
bones of the hyoid arch of vertebrates. 

stylohyoid (sti-lo-hi'-oid) [stylo-; hyoid]. 1. Per- 
taining to the styloid process of the temporal bone 
and the hyoid bone, as the stylohyoid muscle. See 
under muscle. 2. Pertaining to the stylohyoid mus- 
cle. 

styloid (sti'-loid) [ariiKos, pillar; eldos, like]. Re- 
sembling a stylus. 

stylomastoid (sti-lo-mas'-toid) [stylo- ; mastoid]. Per- 
taining to the styloid and mastoid processes. 

stylomaxillary (sli-lo-maks'-il-a-re) [stylo-; maxilla]. 
Pertaining to the styloid process and the maxilla. 



STYLOPHARYNGEUS 



850 



SUBCOLLATERAL 



stylopharyngeus (sti-lo-far-in-je'-us). See under 
muscle. 

stylostaphyline (sti-lo-staf'-il-in) [stylo-; staphyle]. 
Connected with or relating to the styloid process of 
the temporal bone and the velum palati. 

stylosteophyte (sti-los'-te-o-fit) [stylo-; 4>vtov, plant]. 
A style-shaped exostosis. 

stylostixis (sti-lo-stiks'-is). See acupuncture. 

stylus (sti'-lus) [L., "a stake"]. A pointed instru- 
ment for making applications. A stylet. 

styma (sti'-mah). See priapism. 

stymatosis (sti-mat-o'-sis) [a-rvna, stiffness]. A 
violent, erection of the penis attended with hemor- 
rhage. 

stype (stlp or sti-pe) [arvirri, tow]. A tampon or 
pledget, especially such as is used in producing local 
anesthesia. 

styphage, stypage (ste-fahzj, ste-pahzj). The pro- 
duction of local anesthesia by an application made 
with a stype. s., Bailly's, a revulsive, the applica- 
tion of cotton pledgets wet with methyl chloride. 

stypsis (stip'-sis) [arvimKos, astringent], i. Con- 
stipation. 2. The use of a styptic. 

styptase (stip'-tas). Trade name of a styptic said 
to contain tannin, hamamelis, calcium chlorate and 
fluorides. 

styptic (stip'-tik) [vtvittikos, astringent], i. Check- 
ing hemorrhage by contracting the blood-vessels. 2. 
An agent that checks hemorrhage by causing con- 
traction of the blood-vessels. 

stypticin (stip'-tis-in). See cotarnine hydrochloride. 

stypticity (stip-tis'-it-e) [<ttvittik6s, astringent]. The 
quality of being styptic. 

styptol (stip'-tol). Cotarnine phthalate; an inter- 
nal styptic. 

styracin (sti'-ra-sin). See under styrax. 

styracol (sti'-ra-kol). Guaiacol cinnamate, C6H4- 
(OCH3)CgH702. It is given internally in catarrhal 
affections of the digestive tract and in pulmonary 
tuberculosis. 

styrax (sti'-raks) [arvpa^, storax]. Storax; a bal- 
sam obtained from the inner bark of Liquidambar 
orientalis, or oriental sweet-gum. It contains a vol- 
atile oil, styrol, several resins, an amorphous sub- 
stance called storesin, cinnamic acid, and styracin 
(the cinnamate of cinnamyl). It is stimulant, ex- 
pectorant, and antiseptic, acting like benzoin and 
tolu, and is used in bronchial affections and catarrh 
of the urinary passages. Externally it is an antisep- 
tic and parasiticide. It is a constituent of friars' 
balsam. Dose 5-20 gr. (0.32-1.3 Gm.). 

styrene (sti'-ren) [<Trvpa£, storax]. C9H10O. Sty- 
ryl alcohol, cinnamyl-alcohol ; a substance obtained 
by saponifying styracin, its cinnamic ester, with 
potassium hydroxide. It crystallizes in shining nee- 
dles, is sparingly soluble in water, possesses a hya- 
cinth-like odor, melts at 33 ° C, and distils at 
250° C. 

styrol (sti'-rol), CsHs. Cinnamene; phenylethy- 
lene. A colorless, highly refractive liquid hydro- 
carbon, obtained by heating styracin with calcium 
hydrate. 

styrolene (sti'-ro-len). Same as styrol, q. v. 

styrone (sti'-ron) [sturax]. Cinnamic alcohol, C9- 
H10O. s. crystals, s., crystallized, cinnamic alcohol. 

styryl alcohol (sti'-ril). See styrone. 

sub- [L.]. A prefix denoting under or beneath; in 
chemistry, a prefix denoting — (1) the lower of two 
compounds of the same elements; (2) a basic salt. 

subabdominal {sub-ab-dom' -in-al) [sub-; abdomen]. 
Beneath the abdomen. 

subacetabular (sub-as-et-ab'-u-lar). Below the 
acetabulum. 

subacetate (sub-as' -et-at) [sub-; acetum, vinegar]. 
A basic acetate. 

subacid (sub-as' -id) [sub-; acidum, acid]. Moder- 
ately acid or sour. 

subacidity (sub-as-id'-it-e) [subacid]. A condition 
of moderate^ acidity. 

subacromial (sub-ak-ro'-me-al) [sub-; acromial]. 
Below the acromion. 

subacute (sub-ak-ut) [sub-; acutus, sharp]. 1. 
Moderately acute. 2. The stage of a disease when it 
is intermediate between an acute and a chronic form. 

subagitatrix (sub-aj-it-a'-triks) [L.]. One who prac- 
tises tribadism. 

subanal (sub-a'-nal) [sub-; anus]. Situated be- 
low the anus. 

subancestral (sub-an-sest'-ral). Not in the direct 
line of descent. 



subanconeal (sub-an-ko-ne'-al)[sub- ; anconeus]. Be- 
neath the anconeus muscle. 

subanconeus (sub-an-ko-ne'-us) . See under muscle. 

subapical (sub-a' -pik-al) [sub-; apex]. Beneath 
the apex. 

subaponeurotic (sub-ap-on-ii-rot'-ik) [sub-; aponeu- 
rosis]. Beneath an aponeurosis. 

subaqueous (sub-a' -kwe-us) [sub-; aqua, water]. 
Living beneath the water. 

subarachnoid (sub-ar-ak'-noid) [sub-; arachnoid]. 
Beneath the arachnoid membrane, as the subarach- 
noid space. 

subarcuate (sub-ar'-ku-at) [sub-; arcus, an arc]. 
Slightly arcuate. 

subareolar (sub-ar-e'-o-lar) [sub-; areola]. Sit- 
uated, or occurring beneath the mammary areola. 

subastragalar, subastragaloid (sub-as-trag'-al-ar, 
sub-as-trag'-al-oid) [sub-; astragalus]. Below the 
astragalus, s. amputation, a partial removal of the 
foot, in which only the astragalus is left. 

subastringent (sub-as-trin'-gent) [sub-; astrinjens, 
astringent]. Only slightly astringent. 

subatloidean (sub-at-loid'-e-an). Located beneath 
the atlas. 

subatomic (sub-at-om'-ik). Underlying atoms. 

subaudition (sub-aw-dish'-un) [sub-; audire, to 
hear]. The act or ability of comprehending what is 
not expressed. 

subaural (sub-aw'-ral) [sub-; aura, ear]. Beneath 
the ear. 

subauricular (sub-a-w-rik'-u-lar). Below the aur- 
icle of the ear. 

subaxial (sub-aks'-e-al) [sub-; axis]. Lying below 
the axis. 

subaxillary (sub-aks'-il-a-re) [sub-; axilla]. Sit- 
uated below the axilla. 

subbasal (sub-ba'-sal) [sub-; base]. Situated below 
or near the base or basal membrane. 

subbrachial, aubbrachiate (sub bra'-ke-al, sub-bra'- 
ke-at) sub-; fipaxiov, arm]. 1. Under the pectoral 
muscles. 2. Beneath the brachium. 

subbrachycephalic (sub-bra-ke-sef-al'-ik). Having 
a cephalic index from 8o° to 84 . 

subcalcareous (sub-kal-ka'-re-us) [sub-; under; calx, 
lime]. Somewhat calcareous. 

subcalcarine (sub-kaV -ka-ren) [sub-; calcarine]. 
Situated beneath the calcarine fissure, as the sub- 
calcarine convolution, s. convolution, a narrow con- 
volution ventrad of the cuneus and lying between the 
collateral and calcarine fissures. 

subcallosal (sub-kal-lo'-sal) [sub-; callosum]. Be- 
low the corpus callosum. 

subcapsular (sub-kap'-su-lar) [sub-; capsula, cap- 
sule]. Beneath a capsule. 

subcarbonate (sub-kar'-bon-at) [sub- ; carbonate], A 
basic carbonate. 

subcartilaginous (sub-kar-til-aj'-in-us) [sub-; car- 
lilago, cartilage]. 1. Situated beneath cartilage. 2. 
Partly cartilaginous. 

subcecal (sub-se'-kal) [sub-; cecum]. Lying below 
the cecum. 

subcentral (sub-sen' -tral) [sub-; center], 1. Sit- 
uated near the center. 2. Ventrad of the central 
fissure of the brain. 

subcerebellar (sub-ser-e-bel'-ar) [sub-; cerebellum]. 
Situated beneath the cerebellum. 

subcerebral (sub-ser-e'-bral) [sub-; cerebrum]. Sit- 
uated beneath the cerebrum. 

subchloride (sub-klor'-ld) . That chloride of a ser- 
ies which contains relatively the least chlorine. 

subchondral (sub-kon'-dral) [sub-; xbvbpos, carti- 
lage]. Lying beneath cartilage. 

subchordal (sub-kor'-dal) [sub- ; chorda, cord]. Be- 
neath the notochord. 

subchorionic (sub-ko-re-on'-ik) [sub- ; chorion]. Ly- 
ing beneath the chorion. 

subchoroidal (sub-ko-roid'-al) [sub-; choroidal]. 
Situated or occurring under the choroid. 

subchronic (sub-kron'-ik) [sub-; chronic]. More 
nearly chronic than is indicated by the term subacute. 

subclavian (sub-kla' -ve-an) [sub-; clavis, key]. Ly- 
ing under the clavicle, as the subclavian artery. 

subclavicula (sub-kla-vik'-u-lah). The first rib. 

subclavicular (sub-kla-vik'-u-lar). Beneath the 
clavicle. 

subclavius (sub-kla' -ve-us). See under muscle. 

subcollateral (sub-kol-at'-er-al) [sub-; collateral]. 
Ventrad of the collateral fissure of the brain, s. gy- 
rus, a convolution connecting the occipital and tem- 
poral lobes. 



SUBCONJUNCTIVAL 



851 



SUBILIAC 



subconjunctival (sub-kon-jungk-li'-val) [sub-; con- 
junctiva]. Situated beneath the conjunctiva. 

subconscious (sub-kon'-shus). Imperfectly con- 
scious. 

subconsciousness (sub-kon'-shus-nes) [subconscious]. 
Imperfect consciousness; that state in which mental 
processes take place without the mind being distinctly 
conscious of its own activity. 

subcontinuous (sub-kon-tin'-u-us) [sub-; cntinu- 
ous]. Almost continuous. 

subcoracoid (sub-kor' -ak-oid) [sub-; coracoid]. Sit- 
uated below the coracoid process. 

subcordate (sub-kor' '-dat) [sub-; cor, heart]. Hav- 
ing nearly the shape of a heart. 

subcorneous (sub-kor' -ne-us) [sub-; corneus, horny]. 
Somewhat horny. 

subcortex (sub-kor' -teks). That part of the brain 
substance which immediately underlies the cor- 
tex. 

subcortical (sub-kor' -tik-al) [sub-; cortex]. Beneath 
the cortex. 

subcostal (sub-kos'-tal) [sub-; costa, rib]. Lying 
beneath a rib or the ribs. 

subcostales (sub-kos-ta'-lez). The infracostal mus- 
cles. See muscles. 

subcranial (sub-kra'-ne-al) [sub-; xpavlov, cranium]. 
Situated beneath the cranium. 

subcrepitant (sub-krep' -it-ant) [sub-; crepitare, to 
make a crackling noise]. Almost crepitant, as sub- 
crepitant rale. See rale, subcrepitant. 

sub crepitation (sub-krep-it-a'-shun). An indis- 
tinctly crepitant sound. 

subcrureus (sub-kroo-re'-us) . See under muscle. 

subculoyd (sub-ku'-loid). A trade name to desig- 
nate certain preparations designed for hypodermic 
injection. 

subculture (sub-kul'-tur) [sub-; culture]. In bac- 
teriology, a secondary culture made from a primary 
culture. 

subcuneus (sub-ku-ne'-us) [sub-; cuneus, a wedge]. 
An area of the occipital lobe ventrad of the cuneus, 
and caudad of the collateral fissure. 

subcutaneous (sub-ku-ta' -ne-us) [sub-; cutaneous]. 
Beneath the skin; hypodermatic. 

subcutaneus colli (sub-ku-ta' -ne-us col'-li). The 
platysma myoides muscle. 

subcuticular (sub-ku-tik'-u-lar) [sub-; cutis, skin]. 
Beneath the epidermis, as a subcuticular suture. 

subcutin (sub-ku'-tln). Paraphenolsulphonate of 
paraamidobenzoic ethyl ester; small acicular crystals 
melting at 195.6 C; soluble in ioo times its weight 
in water. Its solutions can be sterilized. It is rec- 
ommended as a local anesthetic. 

subcutis (sub-ku'-tis) [sub-; cutis, skin]. The deep- 
er portion or layer of the true skin. 

subdelirium (sub-de-lir'-e-um) [sub-; delirium]. A 
slight or muttering delirium, with lucid intervals. 

subdeltoid (sub-del '-toid). Beneath the deltoid 
muscle. 

subdental (sub-den' -taV) [sub-; dens, a tooth]. Sit- 
uated beneath the teeth. 

subdermal (sub-der'-mal). See subcutaneous. 

subdiaphragmatic (sub-di-a-frag-mat'-ik) [sub- ; 
diaphragm]. Under the diaphragm. 

subdicrotic (sub-di-krot'-ik). Obscurely dicrotic. 

subdivided (sub-div-i'-ded)[sub- ; divider e, to divide]. 
Re-divided; making secondary or smaller divisions. 

sobdolichocephalic (sub-dol-ik-o-sef-al'-ik) [sub- ; 
dolicocephalic]. Somewhat dolichodephalic; having 
the cephalic index above 75° and below 77 . 

subdorsal (sub-dor' -sal) [sub-; dorsum, back]. Sit- 
uated on the side of or below the dorsal surface of the 
body. 

subduction (sub -duk' -shun) [sub-; ducere, to lead]. 
Maddox's term for deorsumduction. 

subdural (sub-du'-ral) [sub-; dura]. Beneath the 
dura. 

subectodermal (sub-ek-to-der'-mal) [sub-; ectoder- 
mal]. Beneath the ectoderm. 

subencephalon (sub-en-sef -al-on) [sub-; lyice<l>a\ov, 
brain]. The medulla oblongata, pons, and corpora 
quadrigemina taken together. 

subendocardial (sub-en-do-kar'-de-al) [sub-; en- 
docardium]. Beneath the endocardium- 

subendothelial (sub-en-do-the' -le-al) [sub-; endothe- 
lial]. Situated or occurring under an endothelial 
structure. 

subendothelium (sub-en-do-the' -le-um). The layer 
of connective-tissue cells between the mucosa and 
the epithelium of the bladder, intestine, and bronchi. 



subendymal (sub-en' -dim-al) . Beneath the epen- 
dyma. 

subepidermal, subepidermatic, subepidermic (sub- 
ep-e-der'-mal, sub-ep-e-der-mat'-ik, sub-ep-e-der'-mik) 
[sub-; epidermis]. Situated beneath the epidermis. 

subepithelial (sub-ep-e-the' -le-al) [sub-; epithelium]. 
Situated under an epithelial surface. 

suberin (su'-ber-in) [suber, cork]. 1. Pulverized 
cork; used as a dressing for wounds. 2. The impure 
cellulose forming the cellular tissue of cork. 

subese (sub-es) [sub-; edere, to eat]. Underfed; 
thin; the opposite of obese. 

subesophageal (sub-e-so-faj'-e-al) [sub-; esophagus]. 
Beneath the esophagus. 

subfalcial (sub-fal'-se-al) [sub-; falx]. At the free 
edge of the falx cerebri. 

subfalciform (sub-fal'-se-form) [sub-; falx]. Some- 
what sickle-shaped. 

subfascial (sub-fash' -e-al) [sub-; fascia]. Beneath 
the fascia. 

subfebrile (sub-feb'-ril) [sub-; febris, fever]. Slight- 
ly febrile. 

subfemoralis (sub-fem-o-ra'-lis) . Same as subcru- 
reus. 

subfissure (sub-fish' -ur) [sub-; fissura, fissure]. A 
fissure of the brain which is concealed by a supergyre, 
and invisible until the lips of the superfissure are 
divaricated. 

subfiavor (sub-fia'-vor). A secondary or sub- 
ordinate flavor. 

subflavous (sub-fla'-vus) [sub-; flavus, yellow]. 
Somewhat yellow, s. ligament, the ligament of yel- 
lowish elastic material found between the laminae of 
adjacent vertebrae. 

subfoliar (sub-fo'-le-ar) [sub- ; folium, leaf ']. Hav- 
ing the character of sobfolium. 

subfolium (sub-fo' -le-um) [sub-; folium, leaf]. A 
leaflet going to make up a part of any folium of the 
cerebellum. 

subfornical (sub-for'-nik-al) [sub-; fornix]. Be- 
neath the fornix of the brain. 

subfrontal (sub-frun'-tal) [sub-; frons, forehead]. 
Applied to a fissure and gyre (Broca's) in the ventral 
region of the frontal lobe of the brain. 

subgallate (sub-gal' -lat). A basic salt of gallic acid, 
s., bismuth. See dermatol. 

subgelatinous (sub-jel-at'-in-us) [sub-; gelatin]. 
Partly gelatinous. 

subgemmal (sib-jem'-al). Beneath a taste-bud. 

subgeneric (sib-jen-er'-ik) . Relating to a subgenus. 

subgeniculate (sub-jen-ik'-u-lat). Incompletely 
geniculate. 

subgenus (sub-je'-nus). A subordinate genus, a 
subdivision of a genus higher than a species. 

subgerminal (sub-jer'-min-al) [sub-; germ]. Sit- 
uated beneath a germinal structure. 

subglenoid (sub-gle'-noid) [sub-; glenoid]. Be- 
neath the glenoid fossa, as subglenoid dislocation of 
the humerus. 

subglossal (sub-glos'-al). See hypoglossal; sub- 
lingual. 

subglossitis (sub-glos-i'-tis) [sub-; yXwaaa, tongue; 
ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the tissues 
under the tongue. See ranula. 

subglottic (sub-glot'-ik). See infraglottic. 

subgrundation (sub-grun-da'-shun) [Fr., subgron- 
dation]. The intrusion of one part of a cranial bone 
beneath another. 

subgyre (sub'-jlr) [sub-; gyrus], A gyre that is 
encroached upon or covered by another or supergyre 
(covering-gyre]. 

subhepatic (sub-he-pat' -ik) [sub-; rjirap, liver]. Sit- 
uated beneath or on the under surface of the liver. 

subhumeral (sub-hu' -mer-al) [sub-; humerus]. Be- 
low the humerus. 

subhyaloid (sub-hi'-al-oid). Beneath the hyaloid 
membrane of the eye. 

subhyoid (sub-hi'-oid) [sub-; hyoid]. Beneath the 
hyoid bone. s. bursa, a bursa lying between the 
thyrohyoid membrane and hyoid bone and the con- 
joint insertion of the onohyoid, sternohyoid, amd 
stylohyoid muscles. Syn., Boyer's bursa. 

subicteric (sub-ik-ter'-ik) [sub-; ucrepos, jaundice]. 
Moderately or slightly icteric. 

subiculum (sub-ik'-u-lum) [subex, a layer]. The 
uncinate gyrus, s. promontorii, support of the prom- 
ontory; the posterior boundary of the fenestra vesti- 
buli. 

subiliac (sub-il'-e-ak) [sub-; ilium]. Pertaining to 
the subilium. 



SUBILIUM 



852 



SUBORBICULAR 



subilium (sub-il'-e-um) [sub-; ilium]. The lowest 
portion of the ilium. 

subimaginal (sub-im-aj'-in-al) [sub- ; imago]. Hav- 
ing the character of a subimago. 

subinfection (sub-in-fek'-shun) [sub-; infection]. 
i. A slight degree of infection. 2. A chronic intoxi- 
cation due to frequent small doses of a toxic agent 
introduced from without or produced within the body. 

subinflammation (sub-in-flam-a'-shun) [sub-; in- 
flammation], A slight degree of inflammation. 

subinflammatory (sub-in-flam' -at-or-e) . Of the 
nature of a slight inflammation. 

subintegumentary (sub-in-teg-u-men' -tar-e) [sub- ; 
integumentum, integument]. Situated beneath the 
integument. 

subintestinal (sub-in-tes' '-tin-aV) [sub-; intestinum, 
intestine]. Situated beneath the intestines. 

subintrance (sub-in' -trans) [subintrare, -to enter 
secretly]. Anticipation of recurrence. 

subintrant (sub-in' -tr ant). Entering secretly; ap- 
plied to malarial fevers in which a new paroxysm be- 
gins before the termination of the preceding one. 

subinvolution (sub-in-vo-lu' -shun) [sub-; involutio, 
a rolling up]. Imperfect involution, s. of the uter- 
us, the imperfect contraction of the uterus after de- 
livery. 

subiodide (sub-i'-o-did). That iodide of a series 
having the least iodine. 

subjacent (sub-ja'-sent) [sub-; jacere, to lie]. Lying 
beneath. 

subject (sub'-jekt) [sub-; jacere, to throw]. 1. An 
individual that serves for purposes of experiment or 
study, or that is under observation or treatment. 2. 
A cadaver. 3. The matter of a discourse. 

subjective (sub-jek'-tiv) [subject], 1. Pertaining to 
the individual himself. 2. Of symptoms, experienced 
by the patient himself, and not amenable to physical 
exploration, s. sensation, one not caused by external 
stimuli. 

subjectivity (sub-jek-tiv'-it-e) [subjicere, to throw 
under]. Illusiveness. 

subjectoscope (sub-jek'-to-skop). An instrument 
for examining subjective visual sensations. 

subjugal (sub-joo'-gal) [sub-; jugum, yoke]. Below 
the malar bone. 

subkatabolism (sub-kat-ab' -ol-izm) . Katabolic sta- 
sis, a condition marked by inactivity, devitalization, 
and premature senility of the cells due to suboxida- 
tion, excessive strain, fatigue, etc. 

sublamine (sub' -lam-in). A soluble compound of 
mercury sulphate and ethylenediamine containing 
43% of mercury. It is used as a disinfectant, and 
intramuscularly in syphilis. Dose 2-6 dr. (7.7-23-3 
Cc.) of 1% solution in normal salt solution. 

sublaryngeal (sub-lar-in' -je-al) [sub-; laryngeal 1 ?. 
Situated below the larynx. 

sublatio (suo-la'-she-o) [sublatio, removal]. 1. Re- 
moval; ablation. 2. Depression, or couching, of the 
lens in cataract, s., retinal, detachment of the retina. 

sublation (sub-la' -shun). See sublatio. 

subligamen (sub-li-ga'-men) [sub-; ligare, to bind]. 
A form of truss used in hernia. 

subliminal (sub-lim' -in-al) [sub-; limen, threshold]. 
Below the threshold of consciousness or of sensation. 
See threshold. 

sublimate (sub'-lim-at) [sublimare, to lift up high]. 
A substance obtained by sublimation, s., corrosive, 
mercuric chloride; see mercury bichloride. 

sublimation (sub-lim-a'-shun). The vaporization 
and condensation of a volatile solid. 

sublime (sub-lim) [see sublimate]. 1. To subject 
to sublimation. 2. To undergo sublimation. 

sublimis (sub-li'-mis) [L.]. Elevated; superficial, 
a qualification applied to certain muscles. 

sublingual (sub-ling' -gwal) [sub-; lingua, tongue]. 
1. Lying beneath the tongue. 2. Pertaining to the 
parts lying beneath the tongue. 

sublinguitis (sub-ling-gwi'-tis) [sub- ; lingua, tongue; 
ma, inflammation]. Inflammation of the sublingual 
gland. 

sublobular (sub-lob' -u-lar) [sub-; lobule]. Situated 
beneath a lobule, s. veins, the radicles of the hepatic 
veins, situated at the base of a cluster of lobules. 

sublumbar (sub-lum' -bar) [sub-; lumbus, loin]. Sit- 
uated under the loins. 

subluxation (sub-luks-a'-shun) [sub- ; luxation]. In- 
complete luxation; sprain. 

submalleolar (sub-mal-e' -o-lar) [sub-; malleolus]. 
Under the malleoli, s. amputation, removal of the 
foot at the ankle-joint. 



submammary (sub-mam' -a-re) [sub-; mamma, 
breast]. Situated beneath the breast. 

submarginal (sub-mar' -j in-al) [sub-; margin]. Sit- 
uated near the border or margin. 

submarine (sub-mar-en) [sub-; marine], A dental 
term applied to conditions and materials in the treat- 
ment and management of which the parts are filled 
with the fluids of the mouth. 

submaxillaries (sub-maks-il-ar-i'-tis) [sub-; max- 
illa, jaw; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the 
submaxillary gland. 

submaxillary (sub-maks'-il-a-re) [sub-; maxilla]. 
1. Lying beneath the lower maxilla, as the submax- 
illary gland. 2. Pertaining to the submaxillary 
gland. 

submaxillitis (sub-maks-il-i'-tis). Inflammation of 
the submaxillary gland. 

submedial (sub-me'-de-al) [sub-; medius, middle]. 
Situated beneath or near the middle. 

submembranous (sub-mem! -bra-nus) [sub-; mem- 
brana, a membrane]. Somewhat membranous. 

submeningeal (sub-men-in' -je-al). Beneath the 
meninges. 

submental (sub-men' -tal) [sub-; mentum, chin]. 
Situated under the chin. 

submerge (sub-merj') [sub-; mergere, to dip.] 
To place under the surface of a liquid. 

submersion (sub-mer' -shun) [submerge]. The act 
of submerging; the condition of being under the 
surface of a liquid. 

submesaticephalic (sub-mes-at-e-sef-al'-ik) . Having 
a cephalic index of 75° to 76 . 

submetallic (sub-met-al'-ik) [sub-; metallum, metal]. 
To a certain extent metallic. 

submicroscopic (sub-mi-kro-skop'-ik) . Pertaining 
to a particle which is visible by the aid of the ultra- 
microscope. 

submissio (sub-mis' -e-o) [L.]. A lowering, s. 
cordis, the systole of the heart. 

submorphous (sub-mor'-fus) [sub-; fi°P<l>v, form]. 
Having the characters both of a crystalline and of an 
amorphous body; applied to calculi. 

submucosa (sub-mu-ko'-sah) [sub-; mucosus, mu- 
cous]. The layer of fibrous connective tissue that 
attaches the mucous membrane to the subjacent 
parts. 

submucous (sub-mu'-kus) [sub-; mucous]. Situ- 
ated beneath a mucous membrane. 

submuscular (sub-mus'-ku-lar) [sub-; muscular]. 
Beneath a muscle. 

subnarcotic (sub-nar-kot'-ik). Moderately nar- 
cotic. 

subnasal (sub-na'-zal) [sub-; nasus, nose]. Situ- 
ated below the nose. s. point. See under cranio- 
metric point. 

subneural (sub-nu'-ral) [sub-; vevpov, nerve]. 
Situated under the neuron or under a nerve, -s. 
gland, the homologue in the amphioxus of the hypo- 
physis of higher vertebrates. 

subnitrate (sub-ni'-trdt) [sub-; nitrate], A basic 
nitrate. 

subnodal (sub-no'-dal) [sub-; nodus, node]. Behind 
or under a node. 

subnormal (sub-nor'-mal) [sub-; norma, rule]. 
Below normal. • 

subnotochordal (sub-no-to-kord'-al). Below the 
notochord. 

subnucleus (sub-nu'-kle-us) [sub-; nucleus]. Any 
one of the smaller groups of cells into which a large 
nerve-nucleus is divided by the passage through it 
of nerve-bundles. 

subnutrition (sub-nu-trish'-un). Defective nutri- 
tion. 

suboccipital (sub-ok-sip'-it-al) [sub-; occiput]. 
Situated beneath the occiput. 

suboccipitobregmatic (sub-ok-sip-it-o-breg-mat'-ik) 
[sub-; occiput; bregma]. Situated in the region 
extending from the bregma to beneath the occiput. 

subocular (sub-ok' '-u-lar) [sub-; oculus, eye]. 
Beneath the eye. 

subopercular (sub-o-per'-ku-lar) [sub-; operculum, 
lid]. Pertaining to a suboperculum. 

suboperculum (sub-o-per'-ku-lum) [sub- ; operculum, 
lid]. A gyrais of the brain between the presylvian 
and subsylvian fissures; the orbital operculum. 

suboptic (sub-op' -tik). Same as suborbital. 

suboral (sub-o'-ral) [sub-; os, oris, mouth]. Be- 
neath the mouth. 

suborbicular, suborbiculate (sub-or-bik' -u-lar, sub- 
or-bik'-u-lat) [sub-; orbicular]. Almost orbicular. 



SUBORBITAL 



853 



SUBSTANTIA 



suborbital (sub-or'-bit-al) [sub-; orbit]. Beneath 
the orbit. Synonym of infraorbital. 

subordination (sub-or-din-a'-shun) [sub-; ordo, 
orderj. The condition of being under subjection or 
control; the condition of organs that depend upon 
or are controlled by other organs. 

suboxidation (sub-oks-id-a'-shun). Deficient oxida- 
tion. 

suboxide (sub-oks'-ld) [sub-; 6£vs, acid]. One of 
two oxides containing the less oxygen. 

subpallial (sub-pal' -e-al) [sub-; pallium, a mantle]. 
Beneath the pallium. 

subpapular (sub-pap' -u-lar). Indistinctly papular. 

subparalytic (sub-par-al-it'-ik) [sub-; paralytic]. 
Slightly paralytic. 

subparietal (sub-par-i'-et-aV) [sub-; paries, wall]. 
Situated beneath the parietal bone, convolution, or 
fissure. 

subpatellar (sub-pat-el' -ar) [sub-; patella, knee- 
cap]. Situated beneath the patella. 

subpectoral (sub-pek'-tor-al) [sub-; pectus, chest]. 
Situated beneath the chest. 

subpeduncular (sub-pe-dung'-kii-lar) [sub-; pe- 
dunculus, peduncle]. Situated beneath a peduncle. 
s. lobe, the flocculus, q. v. 

subpericardial (sub-per-e-kar'-de-al) [sub-; peri- 
cardium]. Situated beneath the pericardium. 

subpericranial (sub-per-e-kra'-ne-al). Beneath the 
pericranium. 

subperiosteal (sub-per-e-os'-te-al) [sub-; periosteum]. 
Beneath the periosteum, s. operation, excision of 
bone without removing the periosteum. 

subperitoneal (sub-per-e-ton-e'-al) [sub-; peri- 
toneum]. Beneath the peritoneum. 

subperitoneoabdominal (sub-per-il-on-e-o-ab-dom'- 
in-al). Beneath the abdominal peritoneum. 

subperitoneopelvic (sub-per-it-on-e-o-pel'-vik). Be- 
neath the peritoneum of the pelvis. 

subpersonal (sub-per' -son-aV) . Having individu- 
ality in a very slight degree. 

subpetrosal (sub-pet-ro'-sal). Below the petrosa. 

subpharyngeal (sub-far-in'-je-al) [sub-; pharynx]. 
Beneath the pharynx. 

subphrenic (sub-fren'-ik). Synonym of subdia- 
phragmatic. 

subpial (sub-pi'-al) [sub, under; pia]. Situated 
or occurring beneath the pia. 

subplacenta (sub-pla-sent'-ah). The decidua vera. 

subplantigrade (sub-plant' -e-gr ad). Incompletely 
plantigrade, walking with the heel slightly elevated. 

subpleural (sub-ploo'-ral) [sub-; pleura]. Beneath 
the pleura. 

subplexal (sub-pleks'-al) [sub, under; plexus]. 
Lying under a plexus of the brain. 

subpontile (sub-pon'-til) [sub, under; pons]. Situ- 
ated or occurring beneath the pons. 

subpontine (sub-pon' -tin) [sub-; pons]. Beneath 
the pons. 

subpreputial (sub-pre-pu'-she-al) [sub-; preputium, 
prepuce]. Beneath the prepuce. 

subprostatic (sub-pros-tat' -ik) [sub, under; prostate]. 
Beneath the prostate gland. 

subpubic (sub-pu'-bik) [sub-; pubes, pubis]. Situ- 
ated beneath the pubic arch or symphysis. 

subpulmonary (sub-pul'-mon-a-re) [sub-; pulmo, 
the lung]. On the ventral side of the lungs. 

subpyramidal (sub-pir-am'-id-al) [sub, under; 
pyramis, pyramid]. I. Beneath a pyramid. 2. Ap- 
proximately pyramidal. 

subreniform (sub-ren'-if-orm) [sub, under; ren, kid- 
ney; forma, form]. Shaped somewhat like a kidney. 

subresin (sub-rez'-in) [sub, under; resina, resin]. 
That ingredient of a resin which is soluble in boiling 
alcohol, but is precipitated on cooling. 

subretinal (sub-ref -in-al) [sub-; retina]. Beneath 
the retina. 

subsacral (sub-sa'-kral) [sub, under; sacrum]. 
Situated or occurring ventrad of the sacrum. 

subsalt. A basic salt. 

subsaturation (sub-sat-u-ra' -shun) . Incomplete 
saturation. 

subscapular (sub-skap' -u-lar) [sub-; scapula]. 
1. Beneath the scapula, as the subscapular muscle, 
or subscapularis. 2. Pertaining to the subscapular 
muscle. 

subscapularis (sub-skap-u-la'-ris). See under 
muscle. 

subscleral (sub-skle'-ral). Beneath the sclera. 

subsclerotic (sub-skle-rot'-ik) [sub, under; VKkrjpbs, 
hard]. Beneath the sclerotic. 



subscription (sub-skrip'-shun) [sub-; scribere, to 
write]. That part of a prescription containing the 
directions to the pharmacist, indicating how the 
ingredients are to be mixed and prepared. 

subsensation (sub-sen-sa'-shun). A subordinate 
sensation. 

subseptal (sub-sep'-tal). Situated below a septum. 

subseptate (sub-sep'-tat) [sub-; septum, a hedge]. 
Partially divided. 

subserous (sub-se'-rus) [sub-; serous]. Beneath a 
serous membrane. 

subserrate (sub-ser'-dt). Slightly serrate. 

subsibilant (sub-sib' -il-ant). Having a sound like 
muffled whistling. 

subsidence (sub'-sid-ens, or sub-si' -dens) [sub, 
under; seder e, to sit]. The gradual cessation and 
disappearance of an attack of disease. 

subsigmoid (sub-sig' -moid) [sub, under; sigmoid]. 
Under the sigmoid cavity or flexure, s. fossa, a 
fossa bounded in the median line by the attached 
mesentery of the sigmoid flexure, and above by the 
limit of the attachment of the mesentery of the 
descending colon. It may be seen by lifting the 
sigmoid flexure of the large intestine, and varies much 
in size in -Ufferent individuals. 

subsifi nee (sub-sis' -tens) [sub, under; sistere, to 
stand]. That which nourishes or gives support. 
Food. 

subsoil (sub'-soil). The under-soil. s. water, 
water which has penetrated the soil, and is found 
immediately above the first impervious stratum. 

subspinous (sub-spi'-nus) [sub-; spine]. 1. Be- 
neath a spine. 2. Beneath the spinal column, 
s. dislocation, luxation of the head of the humerus 
below the spine of the scapula. 

subspiral (sub-spi'-ral) [sub, under; spira, coil]. 
Somewhat spiral. 

subsplenial (sub-sple'-ne-al) [sub, under; (rifK-qviov , 
a bandage]. Beneath the splenium. 

substage (sub'-staj). The parts beneath the stage 
of a microscope, including the diaphragm, con- 
denser, illuminator, and other accessories. 

substance (sub'-stans) [substantia, substance]. 

1. The material of which anything is composed. 

2. A tissue, s., alible, the portion of the chyme 
which is utilized for nourishing the body, s., ali- 
mentary, an article of food, s., basis, the inter- 
cellular or ground-substance, s., cell-, cell-proto- 
plasm, s., contractile. 1. Living protoplasm which 
has the property of contracting. 2. The contractile 
portion of a muscular fiber, s., cortical, the peri- 
pheral portion of an organ, situated just beneath the 
capsule, s., gray. See substantia cinerea. s., 
ground-, the homogeneous matrix or intracellular 
substance of a tissue in which the cellular elements 
and fibers are embedded, s., haptophorous, a 
toxoid, s., immune, the immune body, s., inter- 
filar. See enchylema. s., interstitial. 1. The con- 
nective tissue of an organ. 2. Achromatin. s., 
intertubular, the matrix of dentine in which the 
dentinal canals are placed, s., intervertebral, the 
intervertebral discs, s., living, protoplasm, s., 
medullary. 1. The part of an organ constituting 
its central in contradistinction to its peripheral or 
cortical portion. 2. The tissue forming the medulla, 
as in bone, s., parietal, the matrix of the cartilage, 
s. of Rolando. See substantia gelatinosa. s., Rollet's 
secondary. See disc, interstitial, s., Rovidas' hya- 
line, a nucleoproteid, insoluble in water, forming a 
large proportion of the constituents of pus-corpuscles. 
It expands into a tough, slimy mass when treated 
with a 10 % common salt solution. It is soluble in 
alkalies, but quickly changed by them, s., sarcous, 
the substance of a sarcous element, s. of Schwann, 
white, the medullary sheath of a nerve-fiber, s. 
sensibilisatrice, Bordet's name (1899) for the inter- 
mediate body, s., Stilling's gelatinous, the gelati- 
nous substance surrounding the central canal of the 
spinal cord, s., supporting, a supporting tissue, as 
the neuroglia and connective tissue, s., white 
reticular, the reticulated layer of white tissue on 
the anterior half of the uncinate convolution. 

substandard (sub-stand' -ard). Below the standard 
requirements. 

substantia (sub-stan'-she-ah) [L.]. Substance, 
s. alba, the white fibrous tissue of the brain and 
nerves. Syn., alba. s. cinerea, the gray matter 
of the nervous system, s. corticalis. See substance, 
cortical, s. eburnea, dentine, s. ferruginea. Syno- 
nym of locus cinereus. s. filamentosa dentium; a 



SUBSTERNAL 



854 



SUCCORY 



name given by Malpighi to the enamel of the teeth. 
s. fusca. See locus niger. s. gelatinosa, that part of 
the gray matter of the cord which caps the head 
of the posterior horns and surrounds the central 
canal, s. gelatinosa centralis, the light zone 
surrounding the central canal of the developing 
spinal cord. s. glomerulosa, the cortical sub- 
stance of the kidney, s. grisea, the gray matter 
of the spinal cord. s. grisea centralis. See ento- 
cinerea. s. hyalina, Leydig's term for the interreticular 
portion of protoplasm. s. intermedia, the portion 
of the cerebellar substance situated between the 
cortical and the central gray matter, s. medullaris, 
the medullary substance of the kidney; also, of a 
hair. s. nigra, the locus niger. s. opaca, Leydig's 
term for the reticulum of protoplasm, s. ossea, 
cement, s. ossea dentium, a name given by Malpighi 
to dentine, s. perforata anterior, one of two perforated 
spaces at the*base of the brain bounded by the olfactory 
trigone and the optic chiasm and tract, s. perforata 
posterior, a perforated area between the peduncles 
of the brain, s. primaria, the medullary portion 
of the central nervous system, s. propria, the 
essential tissue of an organ; especially the modified 
connective-tissue lamella? of the cornea;, also the 
middle or fibrous tissue layer of the tympt.'>ic mem- 
brane, s. reticularis, the network of nerve-fibers 
and gray matter found in the deep parts of the 
medulla and in the pons. s. rubra (lienis), the 
splenic pulp. s. spongiosa, the entire gray matter 
of the cord except those parts occupied by the s. 
gelatinosa. s. striata, synonym of enamel, s. vascu- 
losa, the pulp of the spleen. 

substernal (sub-stur'-nal) [sub-; sternum]. Be- 
neath the sternum. 

substitution (sub-stit-u'-shun) [sub-; statuere, to 
place]. The replacement of one thing by another. 
In chemistry, the replacing of one or more elements 
or radicals in a compound by other elements or 
radicals. 

substratum, substrate (sub-stra'-tum, sub'-strat) 
[sub-; stratum, a layer], i. An under layer or 
stratum. 2. A substance upon which an enzyme 
acts. 

substriate (sub-stri'-at) [sub-; stria]. Having 
imperfect stria?. 

subsulphate (sub-sul'-fat) [sub-; sulphur]. A 
basic sulphate. 

subsultory (sub-sul'-tor-e) [sub-; saltire, to leap]. 
Leaping; twitching. 

subsultus (sub-sul'-tus) [see subsultory]. A morbid 
jerking or twitching, s. clonus. See s. tendinum. 
s. tendinum, involuntary twitching of the muscles, 
especially of the hands and feet, seen in low fevers. 

subsylvian (sub-sil'-ve-an). Beneath the Sylvian 



subsynovial (sub-si-no'-ve-al) [sub-; synovia, syn- 
ovia]. Situated within a synovial sac. 

subtarsal (sub-tar' -sal). Below the tarsus. 

subtegmen (sub-teg' -men) [subtexere, to weave 
under]. Weft. s. fornicis, in the fornix the layer 
of nerve-fibers situated beneath the superficial 
longitudinal bundles. 

sub tegumental (sub-teg-u-men'-tal) [sub-; legumen- 
tum, a cover]. Subcutaneous. 

subtemporal (sub-tem'-por-al) [sub-; tempus, tem- 
ple]. Situated beneath the temporal bone or muscle, 
or below the temple. 

subtenial (sub-le'-ne-al). Situated beneath the 
tenia. 

subternatural (sub-ter-nat'-u-ral) [subter, below; 
natura, nature]. Below what is natural. 

subthalamic (sub-thal-am'-ik) [sub-; daXanos, thala- 
mus]. Beneath the optic thalamus. 

subthalamus (sub-thai' -am-us). See hypothalamus. 

subthoracic (sub-tho-ras'-ik) [sub-; thorax]. Situ- 
ated below the thorax. 

subthyroideus (sub-thi-roid'-e-us). An anomalous 
bundle of fibers uniting the inferior and lateral thyro- 
arytenoid muscles. 

subtrapezial (sub-tra-pe'-ze-al). Beneath the tra- 
pezium. 

subtrochanteric (sub-tro-kan-ter'-ik) [sub-; tro- 
chanter]. Below the trochanter. 

subtrochlear (sub-lrok'-le-ar) [sub-; trochlear]. 
Beneath the trochlea. 

subtropical (sub-trop'-ik-al) . Pertaining to regions 
almost tropical in climate. 

subtuberal (sub-tu'-ber-al). Situated beneath a 
tuber. 



subtympanitic (sub-tim-pan-it'-ik). See hypotym- 
panic. 

sububeres (sub-u'-ber-ez) [sub-; ubera, the breasts]. 
Children at the breast. Suckling children. 

subumbilical (sub-um-bil'-ik-al). Situated below 
the umbilicus. 

subungual, subunguial (sub-un'-gwal, sub-ung'-gwe- 
al) [sub-; unguis, nail]. Beneath the nail. 

suburethral (sub-u-re'-thral) [sub-; urethra]. Be- 
neath the urethra. 

subvaginal (sub-vaj'-in-al) [sub-; vagina, sheath]. 
Beneath a sheath, s. space, the space beneath the 
sheath of dura mater surrounding the optic nerve. 

subvertebral (sub-ver'-te-bral) [sub-; vertebra]. 
Beneath a vertebra. 

subvirile (sub-vir'-il). Deficient in virility. 

subvitrinal (sub-vit'-rin-al). Beneath the vitreous 
humor. 

subvola (sub-vo'-lah) [sub-; vola, the palm of the 
hand]. 1. The space between the second and fifth 
fingers. 2. See hypothenar. 

subvolution (sub-vo-lu' -shun) [sub-; volvere, to roll]. 
A method of operating (as is done for pterygium) in 
which a flap is turned over so that an outer or cutane- 
ous surface comes in contact with a raw, dissected 
surface. Adhesions are thus prevented. 

subzonal (sub-zo'-nal) [sub-; fawr/, zone]. Beneath 
the zona pellucida. 

subzygomatic (sub-zi-go-mat'-ik) [sub-; zygoma]. 
Below the zygoma. 

succagogue, succagog (suk'-ag-yg) [succus, juice; 
&YC070S, a leading]. 1. A drug which stimulates the 
secretory function. 2. An agent which stimulates 
the flow of a digestive juice, particularly the gastric 
juice. 

succedaneous (suk-se-da'-ne-us) [succedere, to take 
the place of]. Relating to or acting as a succedaneum. 

succedaneum (suk-se-da'-ne-um) [see succedane- 
ous], A substitute, s., caput. See caput succeda- 
neum. 

succenturiate (suk-sen-tu'-re-at) [succenturiare, to 
receive as a substitute]. Accessory, s. kidney, the 
suprarenal body. 

succi (suk'-i) [L.]. Genitive and plural of succus, 
q. v. 

succiferous (suk-sif'-er-us) [succus, juice; ferre, to 
bear]. _ Producing sap. 

succinamic acid (suk-sin-am'-ik) [succinum, amber], 
C4H7NO3. A crystalline monobasic acid, of pleasant 
acid taste. 

succinamide (suk-sin'-am-id) [succinum, amber; 
amide], C4H8N2O2. A substance produced by 
shaking succinic ester with aqueous ammonia. It 
is a white powder, insoluble in water and in alcohol; 
is crystallized from hot water in needles. 

succinate (suk'-sin-at) [succinum, amber]. A salt 
of succinic acid. 

succinctum (suk-singk'-tum). Synonym of dia- 
phragm. v 

succinic acid (suk-sin'-ik). See acid, succinic. 

succinimide (suk-sin'-im-id) [succinum, amber], 
C4H8NO2. A crystalline substance produced by 
gentle ignition of the anhydride in a current by dry 
ammonia. It crystallizes from acetone in rhombic 
octahedra without any water; when anhydrous, it 
melts at 126 C. and boils at 288 C. 

succinin (suk' -sin-in) [succinum, amber], C7H10O2. 
1. A dark-brown substance produced when equal 
parts of succinic acid and glycerin are heated together 
to about 230 C. 2. The insoluble portion of amber. 

succinone (suk' -sin-on) [succinum, amber]. An 
oily liquid obtained in the dry distillation of calcium 
succinate. It has a decided empyreumatic odor. 

succinonitril (suk-sin-o-ni'-tril). Ethylene cyanide, 
C4H4N2, a crystalline body. 

succinum (suk-si'-num) [L.]. Amber, a fossil 
resin found in the alluvial deposits of Central Europe, 
and thought to be derived from an extinct species 
of pine. It contains a volatile oil, oleum succini, 
used in hysteria, whooping-cough, amenorrhea, and 
locally as a rubefacient in chronic rheumatism, 
whooping-cough, and infantile convulsions. Dose 
5-15 min. (0.32-1.0 Cc). 

succorrhea, succorrhcea (suk-or-e'-ah) [succus; 
pelv, to flow]. An excessive flow of a secretion, 
s., pancreatic, a pathological increase of the pancreatic 
juice when the secretory innervation of the gland is 
exaggerated. 

succory (suk'-or-e). The chicory, Cichorium inty- 
bus. See chicory. 



SUCCUBA 



855 



SUGAR 



succuba (suk'-u-bah) [sub-; cumber e, to lie; pi., 
succuba]. A female demon formerly believed to 
consort with men in their sleep. Cf. incubus (2). 

succubate (suk'-u-bat) [succubare, to lie under]. 
To have carnal knowledge of a man. 

succubus (suk'-u-bus) [L.: pi., succubi]. A male 
demon, once considered to be the counterpart of the 
succuba. 

succulent (suk'-u-lenl) [succus]. Juicy. 

succursal (suk-ur'-sal) [succur salts, subsidiary]. 
Subsidiary, s. hospital, or asylum, a branch pro- 
vincial hospital, usually for mild cases. 

succus (suk'-us) [L.]. 1. A vegetable juice. 
2. An animal secretion, s. anisi ozonatus. See 
manol. s. entericus, the intestinal juice, secreted 
by the glands of the intestinal mucous membrane. 
It is thin, opalescent, alkaline, and has a specific 
gravity of 1011. Its chief function is probably to 
act as a diluent. It contains an amylolytic and a 
proteolytic ferment, s. gastricus, the gastric juice. 
s. glandulae suprarenalis, liquid extract of supra- 
renal extract. s. intestinalis. Same as 5. en- 
tericus. s. pancreaticus, the pancreatic juice. 
s. prostaticus, the prostatic fluid, a constituent of 
the semen, s. spissatus, any extract prepared by 
evaporation of the natural juice of a plant. 

succussion (suk-ush'-un) [succutere, to shake up]. 
A shaking, especially of the individual from side to 
side, for the purpose of determining the presence of 
fluid in a cavity or hollow organ of the body, s.- 
sound, s.-splash, the peculiar splashing sound heard 
when the patient is shaken in hydropneumothorax 
or pyopneumothorax, or in cases of dilated stomach 
containing fluid. 

sucholoalbumin (su-ko-lo-al'-bii-min) [<rvs, swine; 
X0X17, bile; albumin], A poisonous proteid classed 
among the albumoses obtained from cultures of the 
bacillus of hog cholera. 

sucholotoxin (su-ko-lo-toks'-in) [avs, swine; X0X17, 
bile; to£lk6v, poison]. A feebly toxic base obtained 
by de Schweinitz from cultures of swine-plague 
bacillus. Cf. susotoxin. 

suck (suk) [sugere, to draw in]. To take nourish- 
ment, as a babe, at the breast; to draw in with the 
aid of the mouth. 

sucking (suk'-ing) [sugere, to suck]. Giving suck; 
nursing; drawing with the mouth, s.-bottle, a 
nursing-bottle, s.-pad, a fatty mass on the outer 
side of the buccinator muscle, well developed in 
infants. 

suckle (suk'-l) [sugere, to suck]. To give suck. 
To nurse at the breast. 

suckling {suk' -ling) [sugere, to suck]. A suckling 
child; a nursing.l 

sucramin (su-kram'-in) . The ammoniacal salt of 
saccharin. A sweetening agent differing from sac- 
charin in its insolubility in the solvents of that 
substance. 

sucrate (su'-krat). A chemical compound con- 
taining sucrose. 

sucrol (su'-krot). See dulcin. 

sucrose (su'-kros). See saccharum. 

suction (suk'-shun) [suctio, a sucking]. The act 
of sucking, s.-plate, in dentistry, a plate con- 
structedso as to be held in place by atmospheric 
pressure." 

suctorial (suk-to'-re-al) [sugere, to suck]. Pertain- 
ing to, or suitable for sucking. 

sudamen (su-da'-men) [sudor, sweat]. An erup- 
tion of translucent, whitish vesicles, due to a non- 
inflammatory disturbance of the sweat-glands, con- 
sisting in a collection of sweat in the ducts of the 
sweat-glands or beneath the epidermis, and occurring 
in fevers and profuse sweating. 

sudamina (su-dam' -in-ah) . Plural of sudamen. 

sudaminal (su-dam'-in-al) [sudare, to sweat]. Of 
the nature of sudamina. 

sudan (su-dan'), C20H14N12O. A diazo-compound 
from alphanaphthalamine with naphthol, a brown 
powder used as a stain, soluble in alcohol, ether, 
fats, and oils. Syn., pigment brown. S. HI, C22H16- 
N4O, a diazo-compound from amidoazobenzene and 
betanaphthol ; a brown powder, soluble in alcohol, 
ether, benzene, petroleum ether, oils, and fats. 
s. yellow g, C12H10N2O2, a diazo-compound from 
anilin and resorcinol ; a brown powder used as a stain, 
soluble in alcohol, fats, and oils. 

sudanophile (su-dan'-o-fil). A leukocyte which, 
owing to fatty degeneration, is stained readily by 
sudan III. 



sudation (su-da'-shun) [sudor]. The act of sweat- 
ing. 

sudatoria (su-dat-o'-re-ah). See ephidrosis and 
miliaria. 

sudatorium (su-dat-o'-re-um) [sudor]. 1. A hot- 
air bath. 2. A room for the administration of a 
hot-air bath. 

sudol (su'-dol). A preparation used to check 
excessive sweating, said to consist of wool-fat and 
glycerol with 30 % of formaldehyde and oil of winter- 
green. 

sudolorrhea (su-do-lor-e'-ah) [sudare, to sweat; 
oleum, oil; poia, a flow]. Synonym of eczema sebor- 
rhceicum. 

sudor (su'-dor) [L.]. Sweat, s. anglicus. See 
miliaria, s. cruentus. Synonym of hematidrosis. 
s. nocturnus, night-sweat, s. sanguinosus. See 
hematidrosis. s. urinosus. See uridrosis. 

sudoral (su'-dor-al) [sudor]. Pertaining to or 
characterized by sweating. 

sudoresis (su-dor-e'-sis). Excessive sweating. 

sudoriferous (su-dor-if'-er-us) [sudor; ferre, to 
bear]. Producing sweat. 

sudorific (su-dor-if -ik) [sudor; facere, to make], 
i. Inducing sweating. 2. An agent inducing sweat- 
ing. 

sudorikeratosis (su-dor-e-ker-a-to'-sis). Keratosis 
of the sudoriferous ducts. 

sudoriparous (su-dor-ip'-ar-us) [sudor; par ere, to 
beget]. Secreting sweat. 

suet (su'-et) [sebum, suet]. The internal fat of 
the abdomen of the sheep or cattle, s., mutton- 
(sevum prceparatum, U. S. P., B. P.), consists of 
stearin, palmitin, and olein, and is used as an emolli- 
ent and in the preparation of ointments, s. prepared, 
sevum preparatum, see suet, mutton. 

suffocation (suf-o-ka'-shun). Interference with 
the entrance of air into the lungs by means other 
than external pressure on the trachea. 

suffocative catarrh. Capillary bronchitis. 

suffraginis (suf-raj'-in-is) [suffrago, hock]. The 
large pastern-bone, a very compact bone in the 
foot of a horse, set in an oblique direction downward 
and forward, and extending from the cannon-bone 
to the coronet. 

suffraginous (suf-raj'-in-us) [suffrago, hock]. Per- 
taining to the suffrago of the horse. 

suffrago (suf-ra'-go) [L.: gen., suffraginis; pl. r 
suffragines]. The hock of a horse's hind leg, whose 
convexity is backward. It corresponds to the 
human heel. 

suffumigation (suf-u-mig-a'-shtiri) [suffumigatio]* 
1. Fumigation. 2. A substance used for fumigation. 

suffumigium (suf-u-mij'-e-um) [L.: pi., suffumigia]. 
A medicinal smoke, vapor, or fumigation. 

suffusion (suf-u'-zjun) [sub-; fundere, to pour]. 
1. A spreading or flow of any fluid of the body into 
surrounding tissue; an extensive superficial extra- 
vasation of blood. 2. The pouring of water upon a 
patient as a remedial measure. 

sugar (shoog'-ar) [ME., suger, sugar]. The generic 
name of a class of sweet carbohydrates. See sac- 
charum. Chemically, sugars are divided as follows: 
cane-sugar, C12H22O11; glucose (grape-sugar or starch- 
sugar), C6H12O6; lactose, sugar of milk; and inosit, 
a variety found in certain muscular tissues and in 
the juice of asparagus, s., acid of, oxalic acid, s., 
acorn, quercite. s., beet-, saccharose obtained from 
species of Beta, especially the common beet, Beta 
vulgaris, s., brown, an impure cane sugar, s., cellu- 
lose, sugar derived from cellulose; it has the same 
formula and properties as glucose, s. chestnut, glu- 
cose, s.-coated, coated with sugar, as some pills, s., 
date-, sugar from the fruit of Phoenix dactylifera. 
s., diabetic, glucose, s., fruit-, levulose. s., grape-, 
glucose in the solid state, s., gum, arabinose. 
s., honey, glucose, s.-house eczema, an eczema 
sometimes observed in laborers employed in sugar 
refineries, s., invert. See invert-sugar, s. of lead, 
plumbi acetas. s., left-rotating, levulose. s., Leo's, 
See laiose. s., liver, another name for glucose which 
is derived from the liver; glycogen, s. of malt, 
maltose, s., manna. Synonym of mannite. s., 
maple, saccharose obtained from the sugar-maple. 
s., meat, inosit. s. of milk. See lactose, s.-mite, 
an acarid of the genus Glyciphagus that infests certain 
unrefined commercial sugar, and is said to be a cause 
of grocers' itch, s., mucin, levulose. s., muscle, 
inosite. s., refined, purified cane-sugar, s.-teat, 
a nipple-shaped linen rag containing a lump of sugar. 



SUGARINE 



856 



SULPHHYDRIC 



It is given (by those who know no better) to an 
infant to quiet it. 

sugarine (shoog' -ar-en) . Methylbenzol-sulphinide, 
a compound said to have 500 times greater sweetening 
power than sugar. 

sugent (su'-jent) [sugere, to suck]. Sucking; 
absorbent. 

suggescent (suj-es'-ent). Fitted for sucking. 

suggestible (suj-es'-tib-l) [suggestion]. Amenable 
to suggestion. 

suggestion (suj-es'-chun) [suggerere, to suggest, 
from sub, under; gerere, to bring]. 1. The artificial 
production of a certain psychic state in which the 
individual experiences such sensations as are sug- 
gested to him or ceases to experience those which he 
is instructed not to feel. 2. The thing suggested. 
s., hypnotic. See hypnotism, s., posthypnotic, the 
command to do certain acts given the subject while 
in the hypnotic stage, and causing him to execute 
these acts after his return to his normal condition. 
s., self-, a suggestion conveyed by the subject from 
one stratum of his personality to another without 
external intervention, s.-therapy, treatment of 
disordered states by means of suggestion. 

suggestionize (sug-jes'-chun-iz). To treat a person 
by suggestion. 

suggestotherapist (suj-est-o-ther'-a-pist). One who 
treats disease by means of suggestion. 

suggillation, sugillation (suj-il-a'-shun) [suggillare, 
to beat black and blue]. An ecchymosis or bruise. 

suicidal (su-is-i'-dal) [sui, of himself; ccedere, to 
kill]. Self-destroying; having a tendency to suicide. 

suicide (su'-is-id) [sui, of himself; ccedere, to kill]. 
1. The intentional taking of one's own life; self- 
murder. 2. One who takes his own life. 

suint (swint) [Fr.j. A soapy substance rich in 
potash and cholesterin, derivable from sheeps' wool. 
Lanolin, agnin, and potash salts are obtained from it. 

sulcate (sul'-kat) [sulcus]. Furrowed; grooved. 

sulciform (suV -sif-orm) [sulcus, a furrow; forma, 
form]. Like a groove or sulcus. 

sulcus (sul'-kus) [L. ; pi. sulci], A furrow or groove ; 
applied especially to the fissures of the brain. See 
under fissure. 2. A furrow on the mesal or ventricu- 
lar surface of the brain, s. ad aquaeductum vestibuli. 
See fossa, sulciform. s., cacuminal, in comparative 
neurology, one beginning at the laterocephalic angle 
of the flocculus and curving around in a direction 
caudodorsomesad usually fuses with its opposite 
from the other pileum. s. centralis, the central 
fissure or fissure of Rolando, q. v. s. chiasmatis, the 
optic groove of the sphenoid bone. s. cinguli, the 
callosomarginal fissure, s. costae, the subcostal 
groove, s. circularis Reilii, the circuminsular 
fissure bounding the insula, s., culminal, in com- 
parative neurology, one dividing the culmen from 
the central lobe and extending laterad to the mesal 
border of the middle cerebellar peduncle, s., Ecker's, 
the anterior or transverse occipital sulcus, usually 
joined to the horizontal part of the interparietal 
sulcus, s., floccular, in comparative neurology, a 
sulcus separating the flocculus from the pileum and 
from the surface of the middle cerebellar peduncle. 
It arises just dorsad of the auditory nerve and ex- 
tends dorsocaudoventrad in the form of a loop to the 
caudal limit of the flocculus, s. frontalis superior, 
medius, and inferior, the superfrontal, medifrontal, 
and subfrontal fissures, respectively, s., furcal, in 
comparative neurology, a sulcus just caudad of the 
culmen, forming a landmark of division between the 
horizontal and vertical branches of the stem of the 
arbor of the cerebellum, s. habenae, the furrow 
along the dorsomesal angle of the thalamus just 
dorsad of the habena. s., hippocampal, a constant 
fissure of the cerebrum extending from the splenium 
to near the tip of the temporal lobe; it is collocated 
with the hippocampus major. Syn., hippocampal 
fissure, s. horizontalis cerebelli, one between the 
upper and lower surfaces of the cerebellum, s. 
hypothalamicus. See aulix. s., interfioccular, in 
lower mammals a deep sulcus dividing the para- 
flocculus into two lobes, the supraflocculus dorsad 
and the mediflocculus ventrad. s. intertubercularis, 
the bicipital groove, s. intraparietalis, a more or 
less confluent group of fissures in the parietal lobe, 
s. limitans, the fissure between the striatum and the 
thalamus, s. longitudinalis, interventricular groove, 
s. lunatus, the lateral occipital fissure, s. mid- 
gracilis, a fissure in the slender lobe of the cerebellum, 
s., Monro's. See Monro's sulcus, s. nervi radialis, 



the musculospiral groove, s., nodular, in com- 
parative neurology, one apparently representing the 
central fissure and separating the nodule of the 
cerebellum from the uvula, s. olfactorius, the 
fissure occupied by the olfactory tract and bulb. 
s., paracentral (of Wilder), a fissure surrounding 
the paracentral lobule, s. paramedians, one be- 
tween the superfrontal fissure and the dorsimesal 
border of the hemisphere, s. parolfactorius anterior 
and posterior, fissures limiting the parolfactory area, 
s., peduncular, of Wilder, a groove on the inner 
edge of the crus cerebri lodging the third nerve. 
Syn., oculomotor furrow. s. postcentralis, the 
mesodorsal segment of the postcentral fissural com- 
plex, back of the fissure of Rolando, s. postdeclivis, 
a fissure separating the declivil lobe from the folium 
vermis, s. postnodularis, a fissure between the 
nodule and uvula of the cerebellum, s. postpyra- 
midalis, one situated between the pyramid and the 
tuber vermis, s. praeauricularis, part of the sulcus 
around the auricular surface of the ilium, s. prae- 
clivalis. See s., furcal. s., precentral, one situated 
in front of the fissure of Rolando and running nearly 
parallel with it. s. predeclivis, a fissure bounding the 
declive and posterior part of the quadrangular lobule, 
s. prepyramidalis, one situated between the uvula 
and pyramid, s. pulmonalis, the vertical groove in 
the back between the ribs and spine, s., pyramidal, 
in comparative neurology, one arising just caudad of 
the peduncular sulcus and extending caudodorso- 
mesad in the form of a crescent; it divides the tuberal 
and pyramidal lobes, s., Reirs, the sulcus in the 
bottom of the Sylvian fissure, separating the insula 
from the remainder of the hemisphere, s. rostralis, 
any one of the fissures on the mesal surface of the 
hemisphere and parallel to the mesorbital border, 
s. spiralis, the grooved extremity of the lamina spiralis 
of the cochlea, s. subcentralis, the lateroventral 
segment of the postcentral fissural complex back of 
the fissure of Rolando, s. temporalis superior, 
medius, and inferior, the supertemporal, meditem- 
poral, and subtemporal fissures, s., triradiate, the 
orbital fissure, s. tubae eustachii, s. tubarius, a 
depression on the petrosa for the cartilaginous part 
of the Eustachian tube. Syn., groove for the Eusta- 
chian tube; semicanalis tuba Eustachii. s. tympani- 
cus, a furrow on the concave surface of the tympanic 
plate for attachment of the membrana tympani. 
s., uvular, in comparative neurology, one marking the 
boundary of the pyramidal lobe, arising at the caudal 
angle of the flocculus and extending caudoventro- 
mesad. s., vertical. Same as s., precentral. s., 
Waldeyer's, the sulcus spiralis of the cochlea. 

sulf-. For words beginning thus, see sulph-. 

sulfur. See sulphur and its derivatives. 

sulph- (sulf-) . See sulpho-. 

sulphaldehyde (sulf -al' -de-hid) [sulphur; aldehyde]. 
A substance produced by the action of hydrogen 
sulphide on ethylic aldehyde. It occurs in the form 
of an oleaginous liquid of a repulsive odor, solidifying 
at a temperature slightly below the freezing point. 
It is a hypnotic, and is said to produce tranquil 
sleep without any phenomena of excitation. 

sulphamide (sul-fam'-id) [sulphur; amide]. One 
of several compounds formed by the action of 
sulphuryl chloride upon the free secondary amines. 

sulphaminol (sul-fam'-in-ol) [sulphur; amine], 
C12H9S2NO. Thioxydiphenylamine. An antiseptic 
substance obtained by the action of sulphur on the 
salts of methoxydiphenylamine. It is used by 
insufflation in diseases of the antrum and frontal 
sinuses. It has been used with success by insufflation 
in the treatment of laryngeal tuberculosis. Dose in 
cystitis gr. ij-v. 

sulphanilic acid (sul-fan-il'-ik). See' acid, sul- 
phanilic. 

sulphas (sul'-fas) [L.: gen., sulphatis]. A sulphate. 

sulphate (sul'-fat) [sulphur]. A salt of sulphuric acid. 

sulphemoglobin, sulph aemoglobin (sulf-hem-o-gW- 
bin) [sulphur; hemoglobin]. A substance formed by 
the interaction of hemoglobin and hydrogen sulphide. 

sulphemoglobinemia, sulphaemoglobinaemia (sulf- 
hem-o-glo-bin-e' -me-dh) . The condition, and symp- 
toms, due to the presence of sulphemoglobin in the 
blood. 

sulphhydrate (sulf -hi' -drat) [sulphur; 05«p, water]. 
A compound of a base with the univalent radical, 
sulphhydryl, SH. 

sulphhydric acid. Used improperly as a synonym 
of sulphureted hydrogen. 



SULPHIDE 



857 



SUMAC 



sulphide (sul'-fid) [sulphur], A compound of 
sulphur with an element or basic radical. 

sulphin. See aureolin. 

sulphinide (suV -fin-id) . Saccharin. 

sulphite (sul'-fit) [sulphur]. A salt of sulphurous 
acid. 

sulpho- (sul-fo-) [sulphur]. An prefix denoting 
containing sulphur, or SO2. 

sulphoazotized (sul-fo-az'-o-tlzd). Containing sul- 
phur and nitrogen. 

sulphobenzide (sul-fo-ben'-ztd) , C12H10SO2. A crys- 
talline substance obtained from benzene by action 
of fuming sulphuric acid; soluble in ether; melts at 
129 C, boils at 376 C. Syn., diphenylsulphone. 

sulphocalcine (sul-fo-kaV -sen) . A proprietary 
antiseptic and solvent said to contain calcium oxide, 
washed sulphur, benzoboric acid, extract of pancreas, 
and oils of wintergreen and eucalyptus; used as a 
gargle or SDray in diphtheria. 

sulphocarbol (sul-fo-kar'-bol). See acid, sulpho- 
carbolic. 

sulphocarbolate (sul-fo-kar'-bo-lat) [sulphur; car- 
bolic]. A salt of sulphocarbolic acid. 

sulphocarbolic acid (sul-fo-kar-bol'-ik). See acid, 
sulphocarbolic. 

sulphocarbonated (sul-fo-kar'-bon-a-ted). Contain- 
ing sulphur and carbonic acid. 

sulphocarbonilid (sul-fo-kar-bon-il'-id), C13H12N2S. 
A crystalline substance obtained from anilin by action 
of alcohol and carbon disulphide with heat; soluble 
in alcohol and ether, melts at 153 C. Syn., thio- 
carbonilid. 

sulphocarbonism {sul-fo-kar' -bon-izm) . Poisoning 
by carbon disulphide through ingestion of some 
substance containing it or through inhalation of the 
fumes in manufactures (caoutchouc, etc.); marked 
by narcosis, with fall of temperature, convulsive 
chills, odor of radish on the breath, and in severe 
cases with peripheral paralysis, general anesthesia, 
and muscular atrophy. 

sulphoform (sul'-fo-form). Trade name for a 
triphenylstibine sulphide. 

sulphogen (sul'-fo-jen). A proprietary antiferment 
said to consist of sulphur, magnesia, aromatics, and 
the active principle of Genista. It is indicated in 
gastritis. dvsDepsia, etc. 

sulphonal (sul'-fo-nal) [sulphur], C7H16S2O4. Di- 
ethylsulphone-dimethylmethane, a crystalline sub- 
stance soluble in 15 parts of boiling water and about 
450 parts of cold water. It is used as an hypnotic 
in insomnia from functional causes. Dose 10-40 gr. 
(0.65-2.6 Gm.). 

sulphonalism (sul-fon'-al-izm). A group of symp- 
toms said to be occasioned by the prolonged ad- 
ministration of sulphonal. 

sulphonaphthol (sul-fo-naf'-thol). A proprietary 
antiseptic. 

sulphonate (sul'-fon-at). A salt of sulphonic acid. 

sulphonation (sul-fon-a' -shun) . In chemistry the 
introduction of a'sulpho-group in place of aromatic 
hydrogen atoms. 

sulphonethylmethane (sul-fon-eth-il-meth'-an) . 

Sulphonethylmethanum (U. S. P.), C 8 Hi 8 S 2 04. Tri- 
onal, a. v. A product of the oxidation of mercaptol. 
Dose 15 gr. (1 Gml 

sulphonic acids (sul-fon'-ik). Organic acids which 
contain the group SO2OH instead of the carboxyl 
group COOH. 

sulphonmethane (sul-fon-meth'-an) . Sulphon- 
meihanum (U. S. P.), C7H16S2O4. Sulphonal, q. v. 
Dose 15 gr. (1 Gm.). 

sulphoparaldehyde (sul-fo-par-aV -de-hid), (C4H4- 
82)3. A crystalline substance, soluble in alcohol, 
insoluble in water; recommended as a hypnotic. 
Syn., trithialdehyde. 

sulphophenate, sulphophenylate (sul-fo-fe'-nat, sul- 
fo-fen'-il-at). See sulphocarbolate. 

sulphophenol (sul-fo-fe'-nol). See acid, sulpho- 
carbolic. 

sulphophon (sul'-fo-fon). A mixture of zinc 
sulphide and calcium sulphate. 

sulphosalicylic acid. See acid, sulphosalicylic. 

sulphosote (sul'-fo-sol). Potassium creosote sul- 
phonate. It is antituberculous. Dose 5-20 gr. 
(0.3-1.3 Gm.) several times daily. 

sulphourea {sul-fo-u'-re-ah). See thiourea. 

sulphovinic acid (sul-fo-vi' -nik) , C2H5.HSO4, 
ethylsulphuric acid, a monobasic acid formed by 
the action of sulphuric acid on alcohol. 



sulphoxism (sul-foks'-izm). Poisoning with sul- 
phuric acid. 

sulphur (sul'-fur) [L.: gen., sulphur is]. A non- 
metallic element found native in volcanic regions 
(volcanic sulphur), and occurring combined with 
several metals, especially iron and copper, in the 
form of sulphides, called iron and copper pyrites. 
Sulphur can exist in various allotropic forms. The 
ordinary sulphur is a yellow, brittle solid, having a 
specific gravity of 2.07 and an atomic weight of 32.07. 
Symbol S. Its valence is two or six. Sulphur com- 
bines with oxygen to form sulphurous oxide (sulphur 
dioxide), SO2, and sulphuric oxide (sulphur trioxide), 
SO3, which by uniting with water form corresponding 
acids — sulphurous acid, H2SO3, and sulphuric acid, 
H2SO4. Other acids are also formed: hyposulphurous 
acid, H2SO2, thiosulphuric acid, H2S2O3, and a series 
of acids' termed thionic acids, viz., H2S2O6, H2S3O6, 
H2S4O6, and H2S5O6. Sulphurous oxide, SO2, is 
employed as a disinfectant by fumigation. With 
hydrogen sulphur forms the offensively smelling gas, 
hydrogen sulphide (hydrosulphuric acid or sul- 
phureted hydrogen), H2S. With metals and other 
bases it forms sulphides. Sulphur is laxative and 
diaphoretic. It has been used in hemorrhoids, 
chronic rheumatism, gout, and locally in diphtheria 
and in various diseases of the skin, especially acne 
and scabies, s.-alcohol, mercaptan. s., balsam of, 
a solution of sulphur in linseed-oil. s. dioxide. See 
sulphur, s. iodide (sulphuris iodidum, U. S. P., 
B. P.), S2I3, employed in various skin diseases. _ From 
it is prepared unguentum iodidi (B. P.). s., liver of, 
potassium sulphide, s., milk of. See s., precipi- 
tated, s. ointment (unguentum sulphuris, U. S. P., 
B. P.), an ointment prepared from washed sulphur, 
s., precipitated (sulphur prcecipitatum, U. S. P., 
B. P.). Dose 1-3 dr. (4712 Gm.). s., ruby. See 
arsenic disulphide. s., spirit of, sulphuric acid, s., 
sublimed (sulphur sublimatum, U. S. P., B. P.), 
a fine yellow powder, having a slight characteristic 
odor, and a faintly acid taste. Dose 1-3 dr. (4-12 
Gm.). Syn., flowers of sulphur, s. trioxide. See 
sulphur, s., vegetable. See lycopodium. s., washed 
(sulphur lotum, U. S. P.), a fine yellow powder with- 
out odor or taste. Dose h dr.-f oz. (2-16 Gm.). 

sulphuraria (sul-fu-ra'-re-ah). A sediment of the 
San Filippo Springs, used in skin diseases. A yellow 
powder, containing sulphur, 32.96 %; calcium sul- 
phide, 36. 55 %; organic substances, 13.44%; silica 
and strontium sulphate, 1.07 %. 

sulphurated (sul'-fu-ra-ted) [sulphur]. Combined 
with sulphur. 

sulphur ation (sul-fu-ra' -shun) [sulphur]. The act 
of dressing, anointing, or impregnating with sulphur. 

sulphuret (sul'-fu-ret). A sulphide, s., golden, a 
sulphuret of antimony obtained by precipitating 
antimonic acid by sulphureted hydrogen. 

sulphureted (sul'-fu-ret'-ed) [sulphur]. Combined 
with sulphur, s. hydrogen. See under sulphur. 

sulphureus (sul-fii'-re-us). 1. Used by Mayou 
(1679) and early chemists in the sense of combustible, 
as those substances capable of burning were sup- 
posed to contain a "sulphur" which gave them that 
property. _ 2. See sulphurous. 

sulphuric (sul-fu'-rik) [sulphur]. Combined with 
sulphur; derived from sulphur trioxide, SO3. s. acid. 
See acid, sulphuric, and sulphur. 

sulphuricity (sul-fu-ris'-it-e). The state of being 
sulphurous. 

sulphurize (suV -ju-riz) . To impregnate with 
sulphur. 

sulphurous (sul-fu'-rus or sul'-fu-rus) [sulphur]. 
1. Of the nature of sulphur. 2. Combined with 
sulphur; derived from sulphur dioxide, SO2. s. acid. 
See acid, sulphurous, and sulphur. 

sulphume (sul'-fum). A proprietary preparation 
said to be "liquid sulphur." Also said to be similar 
to sulphurine, or to Vleminckx's solution. 

sulphurine (sul'-fii-ren). A preparation of some of 
the higher sulphides of sodium and potassium with 
sulphur. 

sulphydryl (sulf-hi'-dril). The univalent radical 
SH. 

sum. Abbreviation of Latin sume, tak^ or 
sumendus, a um, to be taken; used as a direction in 
prescriptions. 

sumac, sumach (su'-mak) [Ar., summoq, sumac]. 
The powdered leaves, peduncles, and young branches 
of Rhus coriaria, R. cortinus, and other species of 
Rhus, used in the manufacture of leather. Sumac 



SUMBUL 



858 



SUPEROCCIPITAL 



contains from 16 to 24 per cent, of a tannin that seems 
to be identical with gallotannic acid. See rhus. 

sumbul (sum'-bul). Musk-root. The sumbul of 
the U. S. P. is the dried rhizome and root of an 
undetermined plant, probably of the family Um- 
belliferce. It contains angelic acid, C5H8O2, and a 
little valerianic acid, C5H10O2. It is used as a 
nervine in neurasthenia, hysteria, and in anemia, 
chronic bronchitis, etc. Dose §-2 dr. (2-8 Gm.). 
s., extract of {extr actum sumbul, U. S. P.). Dose 4 gr. 
(0.25 Gm.). s., fluidextract of (fluidextr actum sum- 
bul, U. S. P.). Dose 30 min. (2 Cc). s., tincture of 
(tinctura sumbul, B. P.). Dose 20 min.-i dr. (1.3- 
4.0 Cc). 

summation {sum-a'-shun) [summatio]. The ac- 
cumulation of effects, especially of those of muscular, 
sensory, or mental stimuli, s. of stimuli, if a stimu- 
lus in itself insufficient to cause contraction of a 
muscle be repeatedly applied in proper tempo and 
strength, contraction will finally be produced. 
Similar summation occurs in nervous tissue, and 
the cardiac contractions exhibit a rhythm of increased 
force, called staircase or treppe rhythm. 

summational (sum-a'-shun-al) [summatio, a sum- 
ming up]. Produced by summation, s. tones, 
supposed production of new tones by the summation 
or addition of the number of vibrations of existing 
tones. 

summer catarrh. See hay-fever, s. complaint. 
See cholera infantum, s. granulations. See tra- 
choma, s. rash. Same as lichen tropicus, s. savory, 
the leaves of Satureia hortensis, stimulant, car- 
minative, and emmenagogue. Dose of the Fid. ext. 
5j-iv. 

summer-rash. Lichen tropicus. 
sunburn. Superficial inflammation of the skin 
caused by exposure to the sun. 

Sun cholera mixture [New York "Sun," in which 
the formula was originally published]. It consists 
of tincture of opium 25, tincture of capsicum 12.5, 
tincture of rhubarb 12.5, spirit of camphor 25, spirit 
of peppermint 25, and alcohol 25. Dose 30 minims 
(2 Cc). 
sunstroke. Insolation. 

super- (sii-per-) [L., "above" or "upon"]. A pre- 
fix denoting above, upon, or excessive. 

superabduction (su-per-ab-duk'-shun) [super-; ab- 
duction]. Excessive abduction. 

superacidity {su-per-as-id'-it-e). See hyperacidity. 
superacromial (su-per-dk-ro' -me-al) [super-; acro- 
mion]. Situated or occurring above or upon the 
acromion. 

superacute (sic'-per-ak-ut) [super-; acutus, pointed]. 
Extremely acute. 

superalbal (su-per-al'-bal). Situated in the upper 
part of the substantia alba. 

superalbuminosis (.su-per-al-bu-min-o'-sis) [super- ; 
albumin]. The over-production of albumin. 

superalimentation (sii-per-al-im-en-ta'-shun) [su- 
per-; alimentation]. Overfeeding. 

superanal (su-per-a'-nal). Same as supraanal. 
superatrophy (su-per-at'-ro-fe). Excessive atrophy, 
super callosal (sic-per-kal-o'-sal) [super-; callosum]. 
Situated above or occurring above the callosum. 

supercarbonate (su-per-kar'-bon-at). A bicarbo- 
nate. 

supercentral (su-per-sen'-tral). Eying above the 
center. 

supercerebral (su-per-ser'-e-bral). In the superior 
part of the cerebrum. 

supercilia (su-per-sil'-e-ah). Plural of super cilium. 
superciliary (su-per-sil'-e-a-re) [super-; cilium, eye- 
lash]. Pertaining to the eyebrow, s. entropion, 
incurvation of hajrs of the eyebrow against the 
conjunctiva, s. ridges, the projecting apophyses 
at the anterior surface of the frontal bone. 

supercilium {su-per-sil'-e-um) [L.]. The eye- 
brow. 

superconception (su-per-kon-sep'-shun). Same as 
super fetation. 

superdentate (su-per-den'-tat) [super-; dens, tooth]. 
Having teeth only in the upper jaw. 

superdistention (su-per-dis-ten'-shun) [super-; dis- 
tendyre, to distend]. Excessive distention. 

superduct (sii'-per-dukt). To elevate; to lead up- 
ward. 

superduction (su-per-duk'-shun). Maddox's term 
for sursumduction. 

superdural (sil-per-du'-ral). Lying in the upper 
part of the dura. 



superevacuation (su-per-e-vak-u-a'-shun). Exces- 
sive evacuation. 

superexcitation isu-per-ek-si-ta' -shun) . Excessive 
excitement. 

superextension {su-per-eks-ten'-shun) [super-; ex- 
tender e, to extend]. Excessive extension. 

superfecundation (su-per-fe-kun-da'-shun) [super-; 
fecundus, fertile]. The fertilization of more than one 
ovum of the same ovulation resulting from separate 
acts of coitus. _ 

superf ecundity {sii-per-fe-kun'-dit-e) [super- ; fecun- 
dus, fertile]. Superabundant fecundity. 

superfetation, superf cetation (su-per-fe-ta'-shun) [su- 
per-; fetus]. A fertilization of an ovum when there 
is another from a previous ovulation in the uterus. 
Conception by a pregnant woman. 

superfibrination (su-per-fib-rin-a'-shun) [super-; 
fibrin]. Excessive formation of fibrin in the blood. 

superficial (su-per-fish'-al) [super-; fades, face]. 
Confined to or pertaining to the surface, s. fascia, 
a sheet of fatty areolar tissue under the skin. 

superficialis (su-per-fish-e-a'-lis) [L.]. 1. Superficial 
2. A superficial artery, or muscle, or other part, as 
superficialis voice, a superficial branch of the radial 
artery. 

superficies (su r -per-fish-ez) [L.]. The surface or 
outside. 

superfissure (sii'-per-fish-er) [super-; fissure]. 
The lines of overlapping of a supergyre. Also, the 
lines of two supergyres meeting from opposite direc- 
tions. , 

superflexion {su-per-flek'-shun) [super-; flexion]. 
Excessive flexion. 

superfrontal (sil-per-frun'-tal) [super-; frons, fore- 
head]. Superior or upper, as a fissure in the upper 
part of the frontal lobe of the brain. 

superf unction (su-per-funk'-shun). Excessive ac- 
tion of an organ or structure. 

supergenual (su-per-jen'-u-al) [super-; genu, knee]. 
Situated above the knee. 

supergyre (sil'-per-jir). See subgyre. 

superhumeral {su-per-hu' -mer-aV) . Borne upon the 
shoulders; situated above the shoulders. 

superhumerale {su-per-hu-mer-a'-le). The acro- 
mion. 

superimposed (su-per-im-pozd') [super-; imposed]. 
Placed one upon another. 

superimpregnation (su-per-im-preg-na'-shun). 1. 
See superfetation and superfecundation. 2. Poly- 
spermy, the piercing of the ovum by several sperm- 
cells. 

superincumbent (sii-per-in-kum f -bent) [super-; in- 
cumbere, to lie upon]. Lying or resting upon some- 
thing else. 

superinduce (su-per-in-dus') [super inducer e, to 
bring upon]. To bring on as a complication of a con- 
dition already existing. 

superinvolution (su-per-in-vo-lu'-shuri) [super-; in- 
volutere, to involute]. Hyperinvolution; excessive 
rolling up. 

superior {su-pe'-re-or) [comparative of superus, 
high]. Higher; denoting the upper of two parts. 

superlabia (su-per-la'-be-ah) [super-; labium, a 
lip]. The clitoris. 

superlactation (su-per-lak-ta'-shun) [super-; lac, 
milk]. 1. Excess of the secretion of milk. 2. Ex- 
cessive continuance of lactation. 

superligamen (su-per-li-ga'-men) [super-; ligamen, 
a bandage]. An outer bandage to hold a surgical 
dressing in place. 

supermedial (su-per-me' -de-aV) . Above the middle. 

supermotility (su-per-mo-til'-it-e). Excessive mo- 
tility. 

supernatant (sil-per-na'-tant) [super-; natans, 
swimming]. Floating upon the surface of a liquid. 

supernidation {su-per-nid-a' -shun) [super-; nidus, 
nest]. Excessive proliferation of the menstrual 
decidua, resulting sometimes in membranous dys- 
menorrhea. 

supernormal (su-per-nor'-mal). Pertaining to a 
faculty or phenomenon which is beyond the level of 
ordinary experience; pertaining to a transcendental 
world. 

supernumerary (su-per-nu'-mer-a-re) [super-; nu- 
merus, a number]. Existing in more than the usual 
number. 

supernutrition (su-per-nu-trish'-un) [super-; nutrire, 
to nourish]. Excessive nourishment. See hyper- 
trophy. • 

superoccipital (su-per-ok-sip'-it-al) [super-; oca- 



SUPEROLATERAL 



859 



SUPRAMAMMARY 



put]. Situated at or near the upper part of the 
occiput. 

superolateral (su-per-o-lat' -er-aV) . Located in the 
upper part of the side of a structure. 

superoxidized (su-per-oks'-id-izd) [super-; 6^vs, 
acid]. Having an excess of oxygen above the usual 
amount which satisfies the combining capacities of 
the other elements of a body. 

superoxygenation (su-per-oks-e-jen-a'-shun). Ex- 
cessive oxygenation. 

superparasite (su-per-par' -as-it) [super-; parasite]. 
In biology, a parasite of parasites. 

superparasitic (su-per-par-as-it'-ik). Pertaining to 
superparasitism. 

superparasitism (su-per-par'-as-i-tizm) [super- ; 
parasite]. The infestation of parasites by other 
parasites. 

superpetrosal (su-per-pet-ro'-sal). Situated on the 
upper part of the Detrosa. 

superphosphate (su-per-fos'-fdt). An acid phos- 
phate. 

superpigmentation (su-per-pig-men-ta'-shun). Ex- 
cessive pigmentation. 

supersacral (su-per-sa'-kraV) [super-; sacrum]. 
Situated over the sacrum. 

supersalt (su'-per-sawlt). An acid salt. 

supersaturate (su-per-sat'-u-rdt) [super-; saturare, 
to saturate]. To saturate to excess; to add more of 
a substance than a liquid can normally and perma- 
nently dissolve. 

super scapular (su-per-skap'-u-lar) . Same as supra- 
scapular. 

superscription (su-per-skrip'-shun). The sign 1$ 
abbreviation of Latin recipe, take), at the beginning 
of a prescription. 

supersecretion (su-per-se-kre'-shun) [super-; secer- 
nere, to secrete]. Excessive secretion. 

supersensitive (su-per-sen'-sit-iv) . Abnormally 
sensitive. 

supersphenoid (su-per-sfen'-oid) [super-; sphenoid]. 
Situated cephalad or dorsad of the sphenoid bone. 

superspinatus (su-per-spi-na'-tus). In veterinary 
anatomy an extensor of the humerus which has no 
exact analogue in man. 

supersquamosal (su-per-skwa-mo'-sal) [super- ; 
squama, scale]. A bone of the skull of ichthyosaurus, 
behind the postfrontal and postorbital. 

supertemporal (su-per-iem' -po-raV) [super-; tem- 
poral]. Situated high up in the temporal region. 

supertension (su-per-ten' -shun) . See hypertension. 

supervenosity (su-per-ve-nos'-it-e) [super-; venosus, 
venous]. The condition in which the blood has be- 
come venous to a high degree. 

supervention (su-per-ven'-shun) [super-; venire, to 
come]. That which is added; an extraneous, or un- 
expected condition added to another, as the super- 
vention of septicemia, or other complication in dis- 
ease. 

superversion \ (su-per-vur'-shun) . See sur sum- 
version. 

supination (su-pin-a'-shun) [supinus, on the back], 
i. The turning of the palm of the hand upward. 
2. The condition of being supine; lying on the back. 

supinator (su'-pin-a-tor). See under muscle. 

supine (su-pin') [supinus, on the back]. Lying 
on the back face upward or palm upward. 

suplagalbumin (su-plag-aV -bu-miri) . See sucholo- 
albumin. 

suplagotoxin (su-plag-o-toks'-in). See sucholo- 
loxin. 

suppedaneous (sup-ed-a' -ne-us) [sub, under; pes, 
foot]. Pertaining to the sole of the foot. 

supplemental (sup-le-men'-tal) [supplere, to com- 
plete]. Additional, s. air. See under respiration. 

support (sup-orf) [supportare, to carry], i. The 
act of holding anything in its position. 2. Any 
appliance acting as a supporter. 

supporter (sup-or'-ter) [supportare, to carry]. An 
apparatus intended to aid in supporting a prolapsed 
organ (as the uterus), or a pendulous abdomen. 

suppositorium (sup-oz-it-o'-re-um) [supponere, to 
place under: gen., suppositorii ; pi., suppositoria]. 
See suppository. 

suppository (sup-oz'-it-o-re) [suppositorium, from 
sub-, under; ponere, to place]. A solid medicated 
compound designed to be introduced into the rec- 
tum, urethra, or vagina. Its consistence is such that 
while retaining its shape at ordinary temperatures, 
it readily melts at the temperature of the body. 
The basis of most suppositories is oil of theobroma. 



For. urethral suppositories a mixture of gelatin and 
glycerol is used. The only suppositories that are 
official are the glycerol suppositories (suppositoria 
glycerini, U. S. P.). See under glycerin, s., tannic- 
acid, one part of tannin to five parts of cacao-butter. 

suppression (sup-resh'-un) [suppressio, a keeping 
back]. A sudden cessation of secretion, as suppres- 
sion of the urine or of the menses. 

suppurant (sup'-u-rant) [suppuration], i. Pro- 
moting suppuration. 2. An agent promoting sup- 
puration. 

suppuration (sup-u-ra'-shun) [subpurare, to form 
pus]. The formation of pus. 

suppurative (sup'-u-ra-tiv) [suppuration], i. Pro- 
ducing pus. 2. An agent that favors suppuration, 
s. fever, pyemia, q. v. 

supra- (sii-prah-) [L., "above"]. A prefix signi- 
fying upon or above. 

supra-acromial (su-prah-ak-ro' -me-al) [supra-; acro- 
mion]. Situated above the acromion. 

supra-anal (su-prah-a'-nal) [supra-; anus]. Situ- 
ated above the anus. 

supra-auricular (sii-prah-aw-rik'-u-lar) [supra- ; auri- 
cle]. Above the external ear. s. point. See under 
craniometric point. 

supra-axillary [supra-; axilla]. Above the axilla. 

suprabuccal (su-prah-buk'-al) [supra-; bucca, 
mouth]. Above the buccal region. 

supracapsulin (su-prah-kap'-su-lin). Trade name 
of a preparation of the suprarenal capsule. 

supracephalic (su-prah-sef-al'-ik) [supra-; xetfaXiy, 
head]. Placed on the head. 

suprachoroid (su-prah-ko'-roid) [supra-; choroid]. 
Above the choroid or the choroid plexus. 

suprachoroidea (su-prah-ko-roid'-e-ah). The cho- 
roid layer next to the sclera. 

supraciliary (su-prah-sil'-e-a-re). Same as super- 
ciliary. 

supraclavicular (su-prah-kla-vik'-u-lar) [supra- ; 
clavicle]. Above the clavicle. 

supracommissure (su-prah-kom'-ish-ilr) [supra- ; 
commissure]. The commissure of the brain just in 
front of the stalk of the epiphysis. 

supracondylar, supracondyloid (su-prah-kon'-dil-ar, 
sii-prah-kon'-dil-oid) [supra-; condyle]. Above a 
condyle. 

supracostal (su-prah-kos'-tal) [supra-; costa, a 
rib]. Above the ribs. 

supracotyloid (su-prah-kot'-il-oid) [supra-; coty- 
loid]. Above the cotyloid cavity. 

supradiaphragmatic (su-prah-di-af-rag-mal'-ik) 

[supra-; diaphragm]. Situated above the diaphragm. 

supradin (su-prad'-in). A powdered preparation 
of the suprarenal capsules, containing 0.015 per cent, 
of iodine. 

supradorsal (su-prah-dor'-sal) [supra-; dorsum, 
back]. Dorsal; placed dorsally. 

supra epicondylar (su-prah-ep-e-kon' -dil-ar) . Situ- 
ated above an epicondyle. 

supraesophageal (su-prah-e-so-faj'-e-al) [supra-; 
esophagus]. Situated above the gullet. 

supraflocculus (su-prah-flok'-u-lus). The dorsal 
lobe of the paraflocculus in the lower mammals. 

supragenual. See supergenual. 

supraglenoid (su-prah-glen'-oid). Above the glen- 
oid cavity. 

supraglottic (su-prah-glot'-ik) [supra-; yXwrris, 
glottis]. Above the glottis. 

suprahepatic (su-prah-hep-at'-ik) . Above the liver, 
s. veins, the hepatic veins. 

suprahyoid (su-prah-hi'-oid) [supra- ; hyoid]. Above 
the hyoid bone. 

suprailiac (su-prah-il'-e-ak) [supra-; ilium]. Above 
or at the upper end of the ilium. 

suprainguinal (su-prah-in'-gwin-al). Above the 
groin. 

supraintestinal (su-prah-in-test'-in-al) [supra- ; 
intestine]. Above the intestine. 

supralabial (su-prah-la'-be-aV) [supra-; labium, 
lip]. Pertaining to or situated above the upper lip. 

supralabialis (su-prah-la-be-a'-lis). See levator 
labii superioris under muscle. 

supraliminal (su-prah-lim'-in-al) [supra-; limen, 
threshold]. Lying above the threshold, s. con- 
sciousness, the empirical self of common experience. 

supralumbar (su-prah-lum'-bar). Above the loin. 

supramalleolar (su-prah-mal-e'-o-lar) [supra-; mal- 
leolus]. Above a malleolus. 

supramammary (su-prah-mam'-a-re) [supra-; mam- 
ma, breast]. Above the mammary gland. 



SUPRAMANDIBULAR 



860 



SURGEONSHIP 



supramandibular (su-prah-man-dib'-u-lar) . Situ- 
ated above the mandible. 

supramarginal (su-prah-mar'-jin-al) [supra-; mar- 
gin]. Above an edge or margin, as the supramarginal 
convolution of the brain. 

supramastoid (su-prah-mas'-toid) [supra-; mastoid]. 
Above the mastoid process of the temporal bone. 

supramaxilla (su-prah-maks-il'-ah) [supra-; max- 
illa]. The supramaxillary bone. 

supramaxillary (su-prah-maks'-il-a-re) [supra- ; 
maxilla]. Pertaining to the superior maxilla. 

supramental (su-prah-men'-tal) [supra-; mentum, 
chin]. Above the chin. 

supranasal (su-prah-na'-sal) [supra-; nasus, nose]. 
Above the nose. s. point. See craniometric points. 

supraneural (su-prah-nu'-ral) [supra- ; vevpov, nerve] 
Over or above the neural axis. 

supranuclear (su-prah-nu'-kle-ar). Above the 
nucleus. 

supraobliquus (su-prah-ob-li'-kwus) [supra-; ob- 
liquus, slanting]. Coues' name for the obliquus 
superior muscle of the eye. 

supraoccipital (su-prah-ok-sip'-it-al) [supra-; occi- 
put], i. Above the occipital bone. 2. The upper 
part of the occipital bone. 

supraocclusion (su-prah-dk-lu'-zjun). The condi- 
tion of a tooth which has erupted further from its 
socket than normal. 

supraomphalodymia (su-prah-om-fal-o-dim'-e-ah) 
[supra-; 6fi<t>a\6s, navel; Svetv, to enter]. A form of 
somatodymia in which the union is in the superior 
umbilical region. 

supraorbital (su-prah-or' -bit-al) [supra-; orbit]. 
1. Above the orbit, as the supraorbital nerve. 2. Per- 
taining to the supraorbital nerve, s. ridge. The 
curved prominent margin forming the upper boundary 
of the orbit, s. foramen, a foramen at the inner third 
of the orbit; it transmits the supraorbital artery, vein, 
and nerve. Sometimes it is incomplete, being but a 
notch or groove, and then is called the 5. notch, s. 
point. See craniometric points. 

suprapatellar (su-prah-pat-el'-ar) [supra-; patella]. 
Above the patella. 

suprapedal (su-prah-ped'-al) [supra-; pes, foot]. 
Above the foot. 

suprapelvic (su-prah-pel'-vik) [supra-; pelvis]. 
Above the pelvis. 

suprapharyngeal (sil-prah-far-in'-je-al) [supra- ; 
pharynx]. Above the pharynx. 

suprapineal (su-prah-pin'-e-al) [supra-; pineal]. 
Above the pineal gland. 

suprapontine (su-prah-pon'-tin) [supra-; pons, a 
bridge]. Above or in the superior part of the pons. 

suprapubic (su-prah-pu'-bik) [supra-; pubis]. 
Above the pubes. 

suprarenaden (su-prah-r en' -ad-en). A preparation 
made from the suprarenal capsules; used in Addi- 
son's disease, neurasthenia, etc. Dose 15-23 gr. 
(1.0-1.5 Gm.) daily. 

suprarenal (su-prah-re'-nal) [supra-; ren, the kid- 
ney]. 1. Above the kidney, as the suprarenal 
capsule. 2. Pertaining to the suprarenal capsule. 
s. body, s. capsule, a small triangular organ situated 
above the kidney, and consisting of an external or 
cortical and an internal or medullary portion. The 
cortex consists of polygonal cells disposed in three 
layers — the zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, and 
zona reticularis. Fibrous septa, derived from the 
capsule, extend into the organ and separate the 
groups of cells. The medulla contains cords and 
networks of polygonal cells, and in its center ganglion- 
cells and nonmedullated nerve-fibers. The function 
of the suprarenal body is not definitely known — it is 
believed to bear some relation to pigment production, 
s. epithelioma. See Grawitz's tumor, s. rests. See 
rests, adrenal. 

suprarenalin (su-prah-ren'-al-in). A preparation 
of suprarenal glands; used as a vasoconstrictor and 
hemostatic. 

suprarene (su'-prah-ren). A suprarenal capsule. 

suprarenin (su-prah-r en' -in). A synonym of epine- 
phrin. 

suprascapular (su-prah-skap'-u-lar) [supra-; scap- 
ula]. Above or in the upper part of the scapula. 

supraseptal (su-prah-sep'-tal) [supra-; septum]. Sit- 
uated above a septum. 

supraspinal (su-prah-spi'-nal) [supra-; spine], A- 
bove a spine. 

supraspinales (su-prah-spi-na'-lez). See under 
muscle. 



supraspinatus (su-prah-spi-na'-tus) [supra-; spine]. 
Above the spine, as the supraspinatus muscle. See- 
under muscle. 

supraspinous (su-prah-spi'-nus) [see supraspi- 
natus]. Above the spinous process of the scapula or of 
a vertebra, s. fossa, the triangular depression above 
the spine of the scapula. 

suprastapedial (su-prah-sta-pe'-de-al) [supra-; sta- 
pes]. Above the stapes. 

suprasternal (su-prah-ster'-nal) [supra-; sternum]* 
Above the sternum. 

suprasylvian (su-prah-sil'-ve-an) . Above the Syl- 
vian fissure. 

suprasymphyseal (su-prah-sim-fiz'-e-al) . Above the 
symphysis pubis. 

supratemporal (su-prah-tem'-po-ral) [supra-; tem- 
poral]. Above the temporal region. 

suprathoracic (sil-prah-tho-ras'-ik) [supra-; thorax]. 
Above the thorax. 

supratrochlear (sii-prah-trok'-le-ar) [supra-; troch- 
lea]. Above the trochlea or pulley of the superior 
oblique muscle. 

supraturbinal (su-prah-tur'-bin-al). The superior 
turbinate bone. 

supratympanic (su-prah-tim-pan'-ik) [supra-; tym- 
panum]. Above the tympanum. 

supravaginal (su-prah-vaj'-in-al) [supra-; vagina]. 
1. Above a sheath; on the outside of a sheath. 2. 
Above the vagina. 

supraverge (sil'-prah-verj) [supra-; verger e, to in- 
cline]. To diverge in a vertical plane. 

supravergence (su-prah-ver'-jenz). The ability of 
the two eyes to diverge in a vertical plane; an ability 
measured by a prism of 2°-3°. Syn., sursumver- 
gence. s., right, the ability to overcome prisms, base 
down, before the right eye, or base up before the left 
eye. 

sura (su'-rah) [L.]. 1. The calf of the leg. 2. A 
form of toddy made in Western Africa from the sap 
of the oil-palm. 

sural (su'-ral) [sura]. Pertaining to the calf of the 
leg. 

suralimentation (sur-al-im-en-ta' -shun) [super-; 
alimentation]. The method of forced feeding or over- 
alimentation sometimes employed in pulmonary 
tuberculosis and other diseases. 

suranal (sur-a'-nal). Same as supra-anal. 

surcingle (sur'-sin-gl) [super-; cingulum, a belt]. 
The tail of the corpus striatum. 

surculus (sur'-kii-lus) [L., "a twig, shoot"; pi., 
surculi]. In biology, a sucker, surculi fellei, the 
ductules conveying the bile to the hepatic ducts. 

surditas (sur'-dit-as). Synonym of deafness, s. 
verbalis, see aphasia. 

surdity (sur'-dit-e) [surdus, deaf]. Deafness. 

surdomute (sur'-do-mut) [surdus, deaf; mutus, 
mute]. A deaf and dumb person. 

surdomutitas (sur-do-mu'-tit-as) [surdus; mutus t 
mute]. Deaf-mutism. 

surdus (sur'-dus). See deaf. 

surexcitation (sur-eks-i-ta'-shun) [super-; excitatio, 
a rousing]. Excessive excitement. 

surface (sur'-fas) [Fr., surface]. 1. The exterior 
of a body. 2. The face or faces of a body; a term 
frequently used in anatomy in the description of 
bones, s., fixation, a curved surface the points of 
which occupy in the two monocular fields positions 
which are identical horizontally, regardless of vertical 
disparity, s., labial, the surface of a tooth-crown 
which is toward the lips, s.-markings, (in anatomy), 
marks made upon the skin to indicate the size, shape, 
and position of underlying structures, s.-wells, 
those which obtain their supply from the subsoil 
water. 

surgeon (sur'-jun) [see surgery]. One who prac- 
tises surgery, s.-apothecary, in England, one who is 
licensed to practise by the Royal College of Surgeons 
and by the Apothecaries' Society, s.-aurist, an otol- 
ogist, s.-dentist, a dentist who practises the surgi- 
cal as well as the mechanical parts of his profession. 
s.-general, the title of certain surgeons of high rank, 
chiefly in the military and naval services, s.-gen- 
eralship, the office of a surgeon-general, s-ship, the 
office of a surgeon, s., veterinary, one who treats 
disease of the domestic animals. 

surgeoncy (sur'-jun-se) [surgeon]. The office of 
surgeon, military or naval. 

surgeonry (sur'-jun-re). The practice of a surgeon. 

surgeonship (sur'-jun-ship). The office of a sur- 
geon. 



SURGERY 



861 



SUTURE 



surgery (sur'-jer-e) [x«'p, hand; epyeiv, to work]. 
The branch of medicine dealing with diseases requir- 
ing operative procedure, s., antiseptic, the appli- 
cation of antiseptic methods in the treatment of 
wounds. s., aseptic, operative procedure in the 
absence of germs, everything coming in contact with 
the wound being steiile. s., conservative, measures 
directed to the preservation rather than to the re- 
moval of a part, s., major, that in which the 
operations are important and involve risks to life. 
s., military, that pertaining to gunshot wounds and 
other injuries peculiar to military' life, s., minor, 
that part of surgery including procedures not involv- 
ing danger to life, as bandaging, the application of 
splints, dressings, sutures, counterirritation, cauteri- 
zation, and bloodletting, s., operative, that which 
refers to the performance of operations, s., ortho- 
pedic, the remedy of deformities by manual and 
instrumental measures, s., plastic, repair of absent 
or defective tissue by transference of tissue from 
another part or person. s., railway, deals with 
injuries received on railways, s., veterinary, the 
surgery of domestic animals. 

surgical (sur'-jik-al) [surgery], i. Pertaining to 
surgery. 2. Produced by surgical operations. 3. 
A name applied in some hospitals to a piece of cotton 
or other material, used by the physician to remove the 
lubricant from his fingers after vaginal or rectal 
examination, and before washing his hands, s. 
fever, fever following operation or injury, s. kidney, 
suppuration of the kidney due to disease of the gen- 
itourinary tract, s. neck (of the humerus), the con- 
stricted part of the shaft below the tuberosities, so 
called because it is a common seat of fracture, s. 
sore-throat, sore-throat due to absorption of septic 
matters in hospitals; it sometimes attacks internes 
and nurses, s. tuberculosis, tuberculous disease that 
may be reached by operative treatment, e. g., that 
involving glands, joints, bone, and the like. 

Surinam bark {su' -rin-am) . The bark of Andira 
retusa, used as an anthelmintic. 

surinamine (su-rin-am' -en) . An alkaloid found by 
Huttenschmid, 1824, in the bark of Andira retusa. 
It forms fine, gleaming needles, without taste or odor 
and of neutral reaction, soluble in water, and with 
anthelmintic action. Syn., andirine; geoffroyine. 

surons (su'-rons). Skins which have served the 
purpose of carrying drugs, especially from South 
America. 

surra (soor'-rah) [native Indian name]. An epi- 
zootic pernicious anemia in horses, mules, and camels 
due to Trypanosoma evansi. 

surrenal {sur-re'-nal) [supra-; ren, the kidney]. 1. 
Suprarenal. 2. A suprarenal gland. 

surrogate (sur'-o-gat) [surrogatus, substituted]. 
Any medicine or ingredient used as a substitute for' 
another and more expensive ingredient, or one toi 
which there is a special objection in any particular 
case. 

sursumduction {sur-sum-duk'-shun) [sursum, up; 
ducere, to lead]. 1. The power of the two eyes of 
fusing two images when one eye has a prism placed 
vertically before it. 2. See supravergence. 3. A 
movement of either eye alone upward, s., right, the 
absolute power that the right eye has to rotate up- 
ward. 

sursumvergence (sur-sum-vur'-jenz) [sursum; ver- 
ger e, to bend]. The turning of the eyes upward; 
supravergence. 

sursumversion (sur-sum-ver'-shun) [sursum; ver- 
tere, to turn]. The movement of both eyes up. 

surumpe. The name in the Andes for hyperesthe- 
sia of the retina observed at great altitudes. 

survival (sur-vi'-vl). The persistence of an in- 
dividual or race after the general extinction of related 
forms. 

survivorship (sur-vi'-vor-ship) [super; vivere, to 
live]. In medical jurisprudence the probability of a 
certain individual having survived others when all 
concerned were in the same accident and all were 
killed. 

susceptible (sus-sep'-tib-l) [suscipere, to undertake]. 
Sensitive to an influence. In pathology, liable to 
become affected with a disease. 

susceptivity (sus-sep-tiv'-it-e) [suscipere, to under- 
take]. The state or quality of being susceptible. 

suscitability (sus-si-ta-bil'-it-e) [suscitare, to lift 
up]. The quality of being easily roused or excited. 

suscitation (sus-si-la'-shun). The act of exciting. 

susotoxin (su-so-lok' -sin) [sus, pig; to^ikov, poison], 



C10H26X2. A toxin found in cultures of the bacillus 
of hog cholera. 

suspended {sus-pen'-ded) [suspendere, to hang up]. 

1. Hanging; applied to an ovule hanging from the 
ovarian wall, or a seed from the summit of a cell. 

2. Interrupted, s. animation, a term sometimes ap- 
plied to the temporary cessation of the vital func- 
tions. It may be due to asphyxia, to syncope, or to 
the trance-like condition that closely simulates death, 
in which the patient may remain for some hours or 
even days. s. matter, undissolved particles dif- 
fused throughout a liquid. 

suspension {sus-pen'-shun) [sub-; pendere, to hang]. 
1. Hanging; a mode of treatment of tabes dorsalis and 
other nervous diseases, in which the patient hangs by 
the neck, chin, and shoulders. 2. Temporary ces- 
sation of a function or process. 

suspensoid (sus-pen'-soid). An apparent solution 
which is seen, by the microscope, to consist of small 
particles of the solute in active Brownian movement. 

suspensorium (sus-pen-so'-re-um) [sub, under; pen- 
dere, to hang]. That upon which anything hangs for 
support, s. hepatis, the suspensory ligament of the 
liver, s. testis, the cremaster muscle, s. vesicae, 
the superior false ligament of the urinary bladder. 

suspensory (sus-pen'-so-re) [see suspension]. 1. 
Serving for suspension or support, as suspensory lig- 
ament, suspensory bandage. 2. A device for sus- 
pending a part. 

suspiration {sus-pi-ra'-shun) [suspiratio]. A sigh, 
q. v. ; the act of sighing. 

sustentacula (sus-ten-tak'-ii-lar) [sustentaculum, 
sustentare, to support]. Pertaining to or serving as 
a sustentaculum, s. cells, a name given to certain 
supporting cells in the testicle, s. tissue, supporting 
tissue. 

sustentaculum (siis-ten-tak' '-u-lum) [sustentare, to 
support]. A support, s. Herds, the suspensory lig- 
ament of the spleen, s. tali, a process of the os calcis 
supporting the astragalus. 

sustoxin. See susotoxin. 

susurration (su-sur-ra'-shuti) [susurratio]. A mur- 
mur, or susurrus. 

susurrus (sil-sur'-rus) [L.]. A soft murmur in 
aneurysm, cardiac diseases, contracting muscle, etc. 
s. aurium, see tinnitus aurium. 

sutura (su-til'-rah) [L.]. See suture 

sutural (su'-til-ral) [suture]. Pertaining to or hav- 
ing the nature of a suture. 

suture (su'-tilr) [suhira, a seam]. 1. A line 
of joining or closure, as a cranial suture. 2. A 
stitch or series of stitches used in closing the lips of 
a wound, s., arcuate, s., basilar, the junction be- 
tween the basilar surface of the occipital bone and the 
posterior surface of the body of the sphenoid, s., 
biparietal. See s., sagittal, s., buried, one com- 
pletely covered by and not involving the skin, s., 
catgut, one in which the material employed is 
catgut, s., chainstitch, the sewing machine stitch. 
s., circular, one that is applied to the entire cir- 
cumference of a divided part, as the intestine, s., 
cobbler's, one made by arming a needle with two 
threads, s., continuous, s., glover's, one in which the 
thread passes across the wound continually in the 
same direction, and is tied only at the beginning and 
end. s., coronal, the union of the frontal with the 
parietal bones transversely across the vertex of the 
skull, s., cranial, the line of union of two or more 
cranial bones, s., cross, the application of two single 
stitches to a T-wound. s., dentate, an irregular 
notched suture, as that between the parietal bones, s., 
dry, one carried through adhesive-plaster strips 
applied to the lips of the wound, s., ethmofrontal, 
the union between the frontal and ethmoid bones. 
s., ethmolacrimal, the union between the lacrimal 
and ethmoid bones, s., ethmosphenoid, the union 
between the sphenoid and ethmoid bones, s. false, 
sutura notha, any suture in which there is interlock- 
ing of the bones without serration, s., the four mas- 
ters', a suture of the intestine used in the thirteenth 
century in which the trachea of a goose was used as a 
means of support and the ends of the severed intes- 
tine brought into position on it and sutured with 
four interrupted stitches which did not include the 
trachea, s., frontal, a suture which at birth joins 
the two frontal bones from the vertex to the root of 
the nose, but which afterward becomes obliterated. 
s., frontomalar, the union between the malar and 
frontal bones, s., frontomaxillary, the union be- 
tween the superior maxillary and frontal bones, s., 



SUTURE 



862 



SUTURE 




Quilled suture. (Stewart.) 



Twisted suture. (Esmarch and Kowalzig.) 



T* 



^ -+^Eoivto da SU 

Jt ^** How not todoVL 
Tension in suturing. (Moullin.) 



*\\ 




knot, s., harelip, s., twisted, one'in which the edges 
of the wound are transfixed with pins and approxi- 
mation secured by twisting or wrapping the ends of the 
pins with thread, s., harmonic, same as harmonia. 
s., intermaxillary, the union between the superior 
maxillary bones, s., internasal, the union between 
the nasal bones, s., interparietal. See s., sagittal. 
s., interrupted, one of a series of sutures passed 
through the margins of the wound, and each of which 
is tied separately, s., jugal. See s., sagittal, s., 
lambdoid, the union between the two superior bor- 



Combined retention and coaptation suture. The 
needle is inserted at i, brought out at 2, reinserted 
at 3, and emerges at 4, passing through the loop at 5- 
When drawn tight it holds the wound edges firmly 
together and prevents inversion of the skin, as shown 
in the lower part of the illustration. (Stewart.) 

frontonasal, the union between the nasal and frontal 
bones, s., frontoparietal. Sees., coronal. s.,fronto- 
sphenoid, the union between the wings of the sphenoid 
bone and the frontal bone, s., frontotemporal, the 
union between the frontal and temporal bones, s., 
granny-knot, a single-knot stitch is formed and the 
needle is passed in the opposite direction from which 
it was inserted under the thread in forming a square 




ders of the occipital bone and the parietal bones. 
s., longitudinal. See s., sagittal, s., masto-occipital. 
See s., occipitomastoid, s., mastoparietal. See s., 
parietomastoid, s., mattress, a continuous suture 
which is made back and forth through both lips of a 
wound, s., maxillolacrimal, the union between the 
lacrimal and superior maxillary bones, s., medio- 
frontal. See s., frontal, s., metopic, See s., frontal. 
s., nasofrontal, the frontonasal suture, s., naso- 



SUTURE 



863 



SWEAT 





Continuous or Glover's suture. 
(Esmarch and Kowalzig.) 



Continuous button-hole suture. (Walsham.) 





Ford's suture: showing two square knots, a single knot, and 
the method of completing a square knot. (DaCosta.) 



Halsted's subcuticular suture. (Stewart) 



maxillary, the union between the superior maxillary 
and nasal bones, s., occipital. See s.,lambdoid. s., 
occipitomastoid, the union between the mastoid por- 
tion of the temporal bone and the occipital bone. 
s., occipitoparietal. See s., lambdoid. s., palatine, the 
union between the palate bones, s., palatine trans- 
verse, See s., palatomaxillary, s., palatomaxillary, 
a suture between the palatal processes of the os pal- 
atinum and the superior ma x illa, s., parallel, a con- 
tinuous subcuticular suture, s., parietomastoid, the 
union between the mastoid portion of the temporal 
bone and the parietal bone, s., petro-occipital, the 
union between the occipital bone and the petrous 
portion of the temporal, s., petrosphenoid, the union 
between the great wing of the sphenoid bone and the 
petrous portion of the temporal, s., pin-. See s„ 
harelip, s., quill-, s., quilled, one in which a doubled 
thread is passed and tied over quills or pieces of a soft 
catheter, s., quilted, one similar to a mattress suture. 
s., relaxation-, one introduced some distance from 
the wound-margin, carried through its depths, and 
made to emerge at some distance on the opposite side, 
to relieve the tension of the wound-sutures proper. 
s., sagittal, the union between the superior borders of 
the parietal bones, s., sclerocorneal, of Kalt. See 
stitch, sclerocorneal. s., shotted, one in which both 
ends of the suture are passed through a perforated 
shot, which is then tightly compressed, s., spheno- 
malar, the union between the malar bone and the 
great wing of the sphenoid, s., sphenopalatine, a 
cranial suture between the sphenoid and palatine 
bones, s., sphenoparietal, the union between the 
greater wing of the sphenoid bone and the parietal 
bone, s., sphenotemporal, the union between the 
temporal and the sphenoid bone, s., squamopar- 
ietal, s., squamosal, the union between the squamous 
portion of the temporal bone and the parietal bone. 
s., squamosphenoid, the union between the great 
wing of the sphenoid and the squamous portion of the 
temporal bone, s., subcuticular, a buried, continu- 
ous suture in which the needle is passed horizontally 
into the true skin back and forth until the wound is 
closed, s., tension, same as 5., relaxation, s., twist- 
ed, one made by winding a thread around a needle 
that pierces the wound transversely, s., Wormian, 
anterior, the upper part of the lambdoid suture. 



Suzanne's gland (soo-zan') [Jean Georges Suzanne, 
French physician, 1859- ]. A mucous gland found 
in the floor of the mouth close to the median line. 

svapnia (svap'-ne-ah). Denarcotized opium. 

s. v. r. Abbreviation of spirilus vini rectificatus, 
rectified spirit of wine. 

swab (swob). A piece of cloth or sponge upon the 
end of a stick, used in feeding the sick, making ap- 
plications to the throat, cleansing the mouth and 
teeth, etc. s.-stick, a rod or shaft, one extremity 
of which is to be wound with cotton. 

swallow (swol'-o). 1. To take into the stomach 
through the throat. The cavity of the throat and 
gullet; the esophagus. 2. A fissirostral oscine pas- 
serine bird, of the genus Hirundo. s.-'s nest, the 
nidus hirundinis; a deep fossa of the cerebellum be- 
tween the commissure of the flocculus and uvula. 
s.-tails, notches on the teeth of a horse. 

swallowing. Deglutition. 

swamp (swomp) [origin obscure]. A piece of low, 
wet, marshy land, s.-apple, a parasitic growth 
found on swamp-azalea, s.-dogwood. 1. Buttonbush. 
2. A plant allied to Cornus fiorida ; Cornus sericea. s.~ 
fever, a malarial fever, s.-itch, same as army itch. 
s.-laurel, kalmia glauca. s.-milkweed, Asclepias in- 
carnata. s.-pine, Pinus australis; broom-pine. s. 
sassafras. The Magnolia glauca, the bark of which 
is aromatic and diaphoretic. 

swarming. 1. Moving in a swarm. 2. Breeding 
multitudes. A form of endogenous cell-formation 
noted in certain alga?. 

sweat (swet) [AS., swat]. The secretion of the 
sudoriferous glands, consisting of a transparent, color- 
less, aqueous fluid, holding in solution neutral fats, 
volatile fatty acids, -cholesterin, traces of albumin 
and urea, free lactic acid, sodium lactate, sodium 
chloride, potassium chloride, and traces of alkaline 
phosphates, s., bloody, see hematidrosis. s., blue, 
perspiration which has a blue color, it is thought by 
some to be due to oxidation of the colorless indican 
secreted in the sweat, s., English, see sweating- 
sickness, s.-gland, one of the small glands secreting 
the sweat, situated in the true skin and subcutaneous 
areolar tissue, consisting of a convoluted tube from 
which the excretory duct passes outward through the 
skin. In its passage through the epidermis the duct 



SWEATING-SICKNESS 



864 



SYMBLEPHAROSIS 



is more or less spiral, s., green, sweat having a blu- 
ish or greenish color, seen mainly in copper-workers, 
and due to copper taken into the system by the in- 
halation of particles or fumes, or with food and 
drink, s.-house, a room or inclosure furnished with 
apparatus for subjecting the occupant to the sud- 
orific effects of steam, s., night, drenching per- 
spiration occurring at night or whenever the pa- 
tient sleeps, in the course of pulmonary tuberculosis. 
s., phosphorescent, a very rare peculiarity of the 
sweat, in which it becomes phosphorescent; it has 
been observed in some cases of miliaria and after 
eating phosphorescent fish. The phosphorescence is 
thought to be due to bacilli, s., Picardy, see sweat- 
ing-sickness, s., red, a peculiar, red perspiration 
noted in the axilla? and genital region, and due to 
microorganisms which have developed in the hairs 
of these warm, moist parts. 

sweating-sickness.' An infective, febrile epidemic 
disorder, characterized by a rapid course and profuse 
perspiration. It was prevalent in England at the 
end of the fifteenth and first half of the sixteenth 
century. Syn., English sweat; miliaria; Picardy 
sweat; sudor anglicus; Fr., suette miliaire; Ger., 
schweissfreisel. 

Swediaur's disease (sva'-de-our) [Francois Xavier 
Swediaur, Austrian physician, 1748-1824]. See Al- 
bert's disease. 

Swedish green. See Scheele's green. S. move- 
ments. Certain systematic gymnastic exercises in- 
tended to exercise and develop the human body, and 
affect function, nutrition, etc. 

sweeny (swe'-ne) [origin obscure]. A wasting, or 
shrinkage, of the shoulder-muscles of the horse, gen- 
erally due to some lameness of the foot or foreleg; it 
is also called swinney. 

sweet. Having a taste like that of sugar or honey. 
s. precipitate, mercuric chloride, s. principle of fats, 
glycerin, s. spirit of niter, spiritus astheris nitrosi. 

sweetbread. 1. The pancreas. 2. The thymus. 

swell (swel). To grow in bulk; to puff out. s.- 
bodies, Zuckerkandl's term for the venous plexuses 
found over the turbinated bodies. 

swelling (swel'-ing) [ME., swellen, to swell]. Any 
morbid enlargement, inflation, tumor, or protuber- 
ance, s., albuminous, see s., cloudy, s., blennorrha- 
gic (of the knee) , the enlargement of the knee which 
occurs in gonorrheal synovitis, s., cloudy, a swelling 
of cells due to disturbed nutrition, s., glassy, amy- 
loid degeneration, s., lacteal, a swelling of the 
breast due to obstruction of the lacteal ducts, s., 
Soemmering's crystalline, an annular swelling formed 
in the lower part of the capsule, behind the iris, after 
extraction of the crystalline lens, s., white. 1. A 
disease of the bones which causes them to dilate as if 
distended by pressure from within. 2. A tumor, 
usually of the wrist or ankle, due to caries. Syn., 
hydrarthrosis. 

swine-erysipelas. A contagious disease of swine 
marked by fever and a red eruption on the neck and 
belly. 

swine-fever. Hog cholera. 

swine-plague. An infectious disease of swine, due 
to the bacillus of swine plague. 

swoon. Syncope. 

sycephalus (si-sef'-al-us) [syn; Ke<pa\rj, head]. A 
double monster having two incomplete heads joined 
together. 

sycoceryl (si-ko-ser'-il). Appiled to an alcohol the 
acetate of which is a constituent of sycoretin. s. 
hydrate, sycoceryl aldehyde. 

sycoma (si-ko'-mah) [<tZ>kov, a fig: pi., sycomata], A 
condyloma, or wart; a condition characterized by 
warty or fig-like excrescences on the soft tissues of 
the body ,_ as the eyelids, tongue, anus, or genitals. 

sycoretin (si-ko-re'-tin) [vvkov, fig; K-qpSs, wax]. A 
resin found in 1855 in Ficus rubiginosa, of New South 
Wales. 

sycose (si'-kos). Saccharin. 

sycosiform {si-ko'-se-form) [sycosis; forma, form]. 
Resembling sycosis. 

sycosis (si-ko'-sis) [crvKucns, a fig-like excrescence 
on the flesh]. An inflammatory disease affecting 
the hair-follicles, particularly of the beard, and char- 
acterized by papules, pustules, and tubercles, per- 
forated by hairs, together with infiltration of the skin 
and crusting, s., bacillogenic, a variety of so-called 
"non-parasitic" sycosis, ascribed to the Bacillus 
sycosiferus fcetidus. s. barbae, sycosis of the beard, 
s. capillitii. 1. Dermatitis papillaris capillitii, of 



Kaposi; s. framboesiformis, of Hebra; acne keloid, of 
Bazin. 2. Kerion. 3. Pustular eczema of the scalp. 
s., coccogenic, the so-called "non-parasitic" sycosis 
which is caused by organism belonging to the schizo- 
mycetes (Unna). s. contagiosa, see 5. parasitaria. 
s. framboesiformis. See dermatitis papillaris capil- 
litii. s., hypertrophic. See s., keloid. s v hypho- 
genic, s., hyphomycetous, s. parasitaria, of Unna; 
tinea sycosis, the inflammation excited by the 
Trichophyton tonsurans, s., keloid, sycosis in which 
keloid degeneration occurs in the cicatrices resulting 
from the follicular inflammation (Milton). Also 
called ulerythema sycosiforme (Unna). s., lupoid. 
See s., keloid, s. mentagra. See 5. barbae, s., non- 
parasitic, sycosis due to the presence of coccogenic 
organisms. See s., coccogenic. s. palpebral mar- 
ginalis, sycosis affecting the edge of the eyelids, 
s. parasitiria, s. parasitica, barbers' itch; a disease of 
the hair follicles, usually affecting the region covered 
by the beard, and due to the presence of the Tricho- 
phyton tonsurans. See s., hyphogenic. s., parasitic. 
See s. parasitaria. s., schizomycetic. See s., cocco- 
genic. 

Sydenham's chorea (sid' '-en-ham) [Thomas Syd- 
enham, English physician, 1624-1680]. Chorea mi- 
nor; infectious chorea. S.'s cough, spasm of the 
respiratory muscles in hysteria. S.'s laudanum, 
wine of opium. 

syl. A flavoring agent in syrup. 

syllable-stumbling (sil-ab-l-stum'-bling). A form 
of dysphasia wherein each sound and syllable can be 
distinctly uttered, but the word 'as a whole is spoken 
with difficulty. It occurs in paretic dementia. 

syllabic utterance. Scanning speech, observed in 
insular sclerosis; the words are enunciated slowly and 
separately and there may be a staccato accentuation 
of individual syllables. 

syllabus {sil'-ab-us) [avKKafios, a collection]. A 
compendium containing the heads of a discourse; the 
main propositions of a course of lectures; an abstract. 

syllepsiology {sil-lep-se-ol'-o-je) [avWrj^ts, preg- 
nancy; \6yos, science]. The physiology of concep- 
tion and pregnancy. 

syllepsis {sil-ep'-sis) [avW^is]. Conception, or 
impregnation. 

Sylvester's method. See Silvester. 

Sylvian (sil'-ve-an). Described by the anatomist 
Jacobus Sylvius (1478-1555), or Franciscus Sylvius 
(1614-1672). S. angle, the angle formed by the pos-. 
terior limb of the Sylvian fissure with a line perpen- 
dicular to the superior border of the hemisphere. S. 
aqueduct, a narrow canal extending from the third 
to the fourth ventricle. S. artery, the middle cere- 
bral artery, lying in the fissure of Sylvius. S. fissure, 
a deep fissure of the brain beginning on the outer 
side of the anterior perforated space, and extending 
outward to the lateral surface of the hemisphere. It 
has two branches — a short vertical and a long hori- 
zontal, the latter separating the parietal from the 
temporosphenoid lobe. Between the branches lies 
the island of Reil. S. fossa, S. valley, the depression 
which appears on the surface of the brain about the 
end of the second month of fetal life and afterward 
becomes the Sylvian fissure. S. vein, one of the veins 
of the convexity of the brain, which courses at first 
along the fissure of Sylvius and then ascends across 
the hemisphere. S. ventricle, the fifth ventricle. 

Sylviduct (sil-ve-dukt). The aqueduct of Sylvius. 

sym- (sim-). The same as syn-. 

symbion, symbiont {sim' -be-on, sim'-be-ont) [syn; 
jSios, a life]. In biology, either of two organisms 
living in intimate association; a commensal. 

symbiosis (sim-bi-o'-sis) [syn; pios, a life]. In biol- 
ogy, the intimate association of two living organisms, 
not parent and offspring, male and female, or para- 
site and host. Commensalism. 

symbiotic (sim-bi-ot'-ik). Pertaining to symbiosis. 

symblepharon (sim-blef-ar-on) [<xvi>, together; 
j8Xe0apo»', the eyelid]. Adhesion of the eyelids to the 
eyeball, s., anterior, when the edge of the lid is ad- 
herent, s., posterior, when the adhesion is at the 
conjunctival fold, s., total, when the entire lid is 
adherent. 

symblepharopterygium (sim-blef-ar-o-ter-ij'-e-um) . 
A variety of symblepharon in which a cicatricial band 
resembling a pterygium connects the lid and the 
eyeball. 

symblepharosis (sim-blef-ar-o'-sis) [syn; (3\k<f>apov, 
eyelid]. Adhesion of the eyelids to the globe of the 
eye or to each other. 



SYMBOL 



865 



SYMPTOM 



symbol (sim'-bol) [avp.(3o\oi>, a pledge], i. A sign 
or character denoting an idea. The following are 
commonly employed in medicine; 1$, Recipe, take of; 
9, scruple; 3. dram; f3, fluidram; 5. ounce; f5, fluid- 
ounce; ttjj, Minim. 2. In chemistry, a conventional 
abbreviation of the name of an element, generally 
consisting of the initial letter or letters of the name 
in Latin or English. It denotes one atom of the 
element. 

symbolism (sim' -bol-izm) [symbol]. The delusion- 
al or hallucinational interpretation of all events or 
objects as having a mystic significance; a habit not 
uncommon in certain forms of insanity. 

Syme's operation (sim) [James Syme, Scotch sur- 
geon, 1790-1870]. 1. Amputation at the ankle- 
joint, the malleoli being sawn through, and a flap 
made with the skin of the heel. 2. External ureth- 
rotomy. 

symmelic (sim-el'-ik) [syn; fxkXos, limb]. Char- 
acterized by a coalition of the limbs. 

symmelus, symelus (sim'-el-us) [avv, together; 
fitKos, a limb]. A species of monster characterized 
by imperfect development of the pelvis and lower 
extremities with more or less intimate fusion of the 
latter. 

symmetric, symmetrical (sim-et'-rik, sim-et' -rik-dl) 
[avfifierpia, proportion]. Pertaining to or exhibiting 
symmetry, s. gangrene. See sphaceloderma. 

symmetry (sim'-et-re) [syn; p.krpov, measure]. In 
anatomy, a harmonious correspondence of parts; also 
the relation of homologous parts at opposite sides or 
ends of the body. In pathology, the theory that 
constitutional diseases affect both lateral halves of 
the body impartially. 

symparalysis (sim-par-al'-is-is). Conjugate par- 
alysis, a term given to the abolition of certain syn- 
kineses of the eye. 

sympathectomy, sympathicectomy (sim- path-ek' '-to- 
me, sim-path-is-ek'-to-me). Excision of part of the 
sympathetic nerve. 

sympatheoneuritis (sim-path-e-o-nu-ri'-tis) . In- 
flammation of the sympathetic nerve. 

sympathetic (sim-path-et'-ik) [see sympathy]. 1. 
Pertaining to or produced by sympathy. 2. Convey- 
ing sympathy or sympathetic impulses, as the sym- 
pathetic system, s. ganglia. See under s. system. 
s. irritation, irritation of an organ arising from irri- 
tation of another related organ, as sympathetic irri- 
tation of one eye from irritation of the other, s. 
nerve, see s. nervous system, s. ophthalmia, inflam- 
mation of one eye arising subsequent to inflammation 
of the other eye. s. plexuses, see under s. nervous 
system, s. nervous system, a system of ganglia 
(sympathetic ganglia) forming a chain from the 
cranium to the end of the spinal column, connected 
together by nerve-fibers, and supplying the viscera 
and blood-vessels. At intervals the sympathetic 
nerves and ganglia form plexuses (sympathetic plex- 
uses). 

sympatheticectomy (sim-pa-thet-e-sek'-to-me). Ex- 
cision of parts of the sympathetic nerve. 

sympatheticism (sim-path-et'-is-izm). See sym- 
pathism. 

sympatheticoparalytic (sim-path-et-ik-o-par-al-W- 
ik) . Due to paralysis of the sympathetic nerve. 

sympatheticotonic (sim-path-et-ik-o-ton'-ik). Ap- 
plied to migraine caused by tonic contraction of the 
arteries due to overaction of the sympathetic. 

sympatheticus (sim-path-et'-ik-us). See sympath- 
etic nerve. 

sympathetiplex (sim-path-ef -ip-leks) [sympathetic ; 
plexus]. A sympathetic plexus. 

sympathic (sim-path'-ik) . Synonym of sympathetic. 

sympathiconeuritis (sim-path-ik-o-nu-ri'-tis). In- 
flammation of the sympathetic nerve. 

sympathicotripsy (sim-path-ik-o-trip'-se) [sympathy ; 
TpLfieiv, to crush]. In treatment of mental diseases, 
crushing of the superior cervical ganglion. 

sympathism (sim'-path-izm). Susceptibility to 
hypnotic suggestion. 

sympathist (sim'-path-ist). One who is susceptible 
to hypnotic suggestion. 

sympathizer (sim-path-i'-zer). An eye with sym- 
pathetic ophthalmia, q. v. 

sympathoblast (sim-path'-o-blasl). A primitive 
sympathetic nerve cell. 

sympathy (sim'-path-e) [aw, together; iraBos, suffer- 
ing]. The mutual relation between parts more or 
less distant, whereby a change in the one has an effect 
upon the other. 
29 



symperitoneal (sim-per-it-on-e'-al) [syn-; periton- 
eum]. Connecting artificially two parts of the per- 
itoneum. 

sympexia (sim-peks'-e-ah) . See sympexis. 

sympexion (sim-peks'-e-on) [augmented form of 
sympexis: pi., sympexia]. A sympexis. 

sympexis (si?n-peks'-is) [avpurri^is]. A concretion 
found in the vessels or crypts of certain glands, es- 
pecially the thyroid and lymphatic, the prostate, and 
in the seminal vesicles. 

symphiocephalus (sim-fi-o-sef -al-us) [syn- ; <f>vet.v, to 
grow; K.e<t>a\T), the head]. A twin monster with the 
union in the head. 

symphora (sim' -for -ah). Synonym of congestion. 

symphorema (sim-for-e'-mah) [sy?i-; <pepelv, to bear]. 
The state of being congested. 

symphoresis (sim-fo-re'-sis) [syn-; <pepelv, to bear]. 
Congestion, or a congestive process. 

symphoricarpous (sim-for-ik-ar'-pus) [syn-; <pepelv, 
to bear; napiros, fruit]. In biology, bearing clustered 
fruits. 

symphorol (sim'-for-ol) [syn-; <popa, that which is 
brought forth]. A generic name for the caffeine 
sulphates or sulfocaffeinates. s. L, lithium and 
caffeine sulphonate. s. N, sodium and caffeine 
sulphate, s. S, strontium and caffeine sulphonate. 

symphyseal (sim-fiz'-e-al) [symphysis]. Pertaining 
to a symphysis. 

symphyseorrhaphy (sim-fiz-e-or'-af-e) [symphysis; 
pa<pri, a seam]. Suture of a divided symphysis. 

symphyseotome (sim-fiz-e-o-tom) . An instrument 
used in performing symphyseotomy. 

symphyseotomy (sim-fiz-e-ot'-o-me) [symphysis ; tow, 
a cutting]. The operation of dividing the symphysis 
pubis for the purpose of increasing the diameters of 
the pelvic canal and facilitating labor. 

symphysic (sim-fiz'-ik). Same as symphyseal. 
See also teratism. 

symphysion (sim-fiz'-e-on). The middle point of 
the outer border of the alveolar process of the man- 
dible. 

symphysis (sim'-fiz-is) [aw, together; 4>veiv, to grow]. 
The line of junction of two bones, s. cartilaginosa, 
synchondrosis, s. ligamentosa, syndesmosis, s. 
mandibular, s. menti, the central vertical ridge upon 
the outer aspect of the lower jaw, showing the line 
of union of the two halves, s. ossium muscularis. 
See syssorcosis. s. pubis, the line of junction of the 
pubic bones, s., sacrococcygeal, the sacrococcygeal 
articulation, s., sacroiliac, the union between the 
sacrum and the ilium. 

symphysodactylia (sim-fiz-o-dak-tiV -e-ah) . Syno- 
nym of syndactylism. 

symphysopsia (sim-fiz-ops'-e-ah). Synonym of cy- 
clopia. 

symphysoskelia (sim-fiz-o-ske'-le-ah) [symphysis ; 
ffKe\6s, leg]. The condition in which the lower ex- 
tremities are united. 

sympiesis (sim-pi-e' -sis) [syn-; irUais, a squeezing]. 
A pressing together of parts. 

sympiesometer (sim-pe-es-om'-et-ur) [avv, together; 
Trieo-is, a squeezing; p.krpov, a measure]. An apparatus 
for estimating pressure. 

symplocarpus foetidus (sim-plo-kar'-pus fet'-id-us). 
Dracontium fretidum, or skunk-cabbage, the rhizome 
of which is stimulant, antispasmodic, and narcotic, 
and has been used in asthma, chronic rheumatism, 
chorea, hysteria, etc. Dose 10-20 gr. (0.65-1.3 Gm.). 

Symplocos (sim'-plo-kos) [avp.ir\oKos, twined]. A 
genus of the Styracea. The leaves of 5. alstonia, a 
tree of South America, are used as mate and also as a 
digestive and diaphoretic. 5. platyphylla, sweet- 
leaf, is indigenous to the southern United States and 
South America; the root bark is used in intermittent 
fever. 5. racemosa is indigenous to India, and fur- 
nishes a red coloring-matter and lodh-bark, used in 
plasters. It contains lotourin, colloturin, and lot- 
ouridin. 5. tinctoria, sweetleaf, of South Carolina, 
contains in its sweet leaves a yellow coloring-matter. 
The root is used as a digestive. 

sympodia (sim-po' -de-ah) [syn-; irovs, foot]. The 
condition in which the lower extremities are united. 

sympodial (sim-po' -de-al) [syn-; irovs, foot]. Per- 
taining to a sympodium. 

sympodium (sim-po'-de-um) [syn-; irovs, foot: pi., 
sympodia]. In biology, a stem which consists of a 
series of secondary stems or axes which have arisen 
as branches one from another, as in the grape-vine, 
the tomato, the linden, etc. See pseudaxis. 

symptom (simp' -torn) [aw, together; irrvp.a, a fal- 



SYMPTOMATIATRIA 



866 



SYNCYANIN 



ling]. The change in a patient occurring during dis- 
ease and serving to point out its nature and location. 
See sign, s., accessory, s., assident, a minor symp- 
tom, s., accidental, one intervening in the course of a 
disease without having any connection with it. s.- 
complex, the ensemble of symptoms of a disease. See 
also syndrome, s.-complex, Avellis', paralysis of one- 
half of the soft palate, associated with a recurrent 
paralysis on the same side, s.-complex, Benedikt's, 
tremor of one side of the body, in part or wholly, and 
oculomotor paralysis of the other side, s.-complex, 
Bernhardt-Roth's. See Bernhardt' s paresthesia, s.- 
complex, Erb-Goldflam's. See Erb's disease, s.-com- 
plex, Escherich's. See pseudotetanus. s.-complex, 
Friedmann's vasomotor, a train of symptoms fol- 
lowing injury to the head, consisting of headache, 
vertigo, nausea and intolerance of mental and phy- 
sical exertions and of galvanic excitation; it is oc- 
casionally associated with ophthalmoplegia and myd- 
riasis. These phenomena may subside and recur 
with greater intensity, with fever, unconsciousness, 
and paralysis of the cranial nerves, ending in fatal 
coma. They are probably due to an encephalitis of 
slow development with acute exacerbations, s.- 
complex, Hoppe-Goldflam's, see Erb's disease, s.- 
complex, Putnam-Dana's, combined sclerosis of the 
lateral and posterior columns of the spinal cord, s.- 
complex, Roth's, see Bernhardt's paresthesia, s.- 
complex, Wilk's, see Erb's disease, s.s, concomitant, 
accessory phenomena occurring in connection with 
the essential phenomena of a disease, s., consti- 
tutional, s., general, one produced by the effect of the 
disease on the whole body. s. delayed, see deferred 
shock, s. direct, one depending directly upon dis- 
ease, s., dissociation-, see dissociation-symptom, s., 
equivocal, one of doubtful significance, s. grouping, 
the same as symptom-complex, q. v. s., indirect, one 
only indirectly due to disease, ss., labyrinthine, a 
group of symptoms due to lesion or disease of the 
internal ear. s., local, one indicating the concen- 
tration of a disease in a certain part of the body, s., 
negatively pathognomonic, one which never occurs 
in a certain disease and therefore by its presence 
shows the absence of that disease, s., objective, one 
observed by the physician, s., passive. See s., 
static, s., pathognomonic, a symptom which ex- 
hibits itself only in a certain disease and therefore 
undeniably proves its presence, ss., physical, the 
physical signs of morbid conditions, s., rational, a 
subjective symptom, s., signal, the first disturbance 
of sensation prededing a more extensive convulsion, 
as the aura heralding an attack of epilepsy, s., 
static, a symptom which indicates the condition in a 
single organ without reference to the rest of the body. 
s. subjective, that observed only by the patient, ss., 
sympathetic, symptoms for which no adequate cause 
can be given other than so-called sympathy, s. 
turpitudinis, nymphomania. 

symptomatiatria (simp-to-mat-e-a'-tre-ah) [symp- 
tom; iarpela, treatment]. Treatment directed solely 
to the symptoms. 

symptomatic (simp-tom-at'-ik) [symptom], i. Per- 
taining to or of the nature of a symptom. 2. Affec- 
ting symptoms, as symptomatic treatment, s. an- 
thrax, see black-leg. 

symptomatography (simp-to-mat-og'-ra-fe) [symp- 
tom; ypa<peiv, to write]. A written or printed de- 
scription of symptoms. 

symptomatologic (simp-to-mat-o-loj'-ik) [symptom ; 
X670S, science]. Pertaining to symptomatology. 

symptomatology (simp-tom-at-ol'-o-je) [symptom ; 
X670S, science]. The science of symptoms; the symp- 
toms of disease taken together as a whole. 

symptosis (simp-to'-sis) [avp.-wiirTei.v, to fall together]. 
Wasting; emaciation; collapse. 

sympus (sim'-pus) [syn-; wovs, foot]. A vice of 
development consisting in coalescence of the lower 
limbs; a siren monster. There may be but one foot 
(s. monopus) or two (s. dipus) , or the feet may be re- 
presented only by toes (s. apus). 

syn- (sin-) [ovv, together]. A prefix signifying 
with or together. 

synadelphus (sin-ad-el' -f us) [syn-; &5eX<£6s, bro- 
ther]. A monster having eight limbs with but one 
head and trunk. 

synesthesia (sin-es-the'-ze-ah). See synesthesia. 

synalgia (sin-aV -je-ah) [syn-; SXyos, pain]. Pain 
felt in a distant part from an injury or stimulation of 
another part. 



synanastomosis (sin-an-as-to-mo'-sis) [syn-; an- 
atomosis]. The joining of several blood-vessels. 

synanche (si-nang'-ke). Synonym of diphtheria. 

synangium (sin-an'-je-um) [syn-; -ayyelov, vessel: 
pi., synangia]. An arterial axis, or trunk. 

synanthema (sin-an' -them-ah) [awavdelv, to blos- 
som together]. A group of efflorescences on the skin. 

synantherin (sin-an' -ther-in). See inulin. 

.synanthrose (sin-an' -thr 6s). See levulose. 

synaphymenitis (sin-af-i-men-i'-tis) [<rvi>a<pr), con- 
nection; vfiriv, a membrane; it«, inflammation]. A 
former synonym for conjunctivitis. 

synapse (sin-aps'). See synapsis. 

synapsis (sin-ap'-sis) [syn-; airreiv, to clasp]. 1. 
The anatomical relation of one neuron with another. 
The intertwining of the terminal arborizations of the 
neurons by means of which nerve-impulses may pass 
from one to another. Syn., synapse. 2. The joining 
together of chromosomes. 

synaptase (sin-ap'-tas). See emulsin. 

synarthrodia (sin-ar-thro'-de-ah). See synarthrosis. 

synarthrodia! (sin-ar-thro'-de-al) [synarthrosis]. 
Pertaining to or of the nature of a synarthrosis. 

synarthrophysis (sin-ar-thro-fi'-sis) [syn-; arthro- 
sis; <j>veiv, to grow]. Progressive ankylosis of the 
joints. 

synarthrosis (sin-ar-thro'-sis) [syn-; apdpov, a 
joint]. A form of articulation in which the bones are 
immovably bound together without any intervening 
synovial cavity. The forms are sutura, in which 
processes are interlocked; schindylesis, in which a 
thin plate of one bone is inserted into a cleft of another 
and gomphosis, in which a conical process is held by 
a socket. 

syncaryosis (sin-kar-e-o'-sis) [syn-; napvov, a nut]. 
A term proposed by His for syncytial formation or the 
growth of the multinuclear giant-cells. 

syncephalus (sin-sef'-al-us) [syn-; Ke<f>a\ri, head]. 
A monster with two heads fused into one. 

synchilia, syncheilia, (sin-ki'-le-ah) [syn-; x«Xos, 
lip]. Atresia of the lips. 

synchondrosial (sin-kon-dro'-ze-al) [syn-; xbfSpos, 
cartilage]. Pertaining to a synchondrosis. 

synchondrosis (sin-kon-dro'-sis) [syn-; xbvhpos, a 
cartilage]. A joint in which the surfaces are con- 
nected by a growth of cartilage, s., sacroiliac, the 
union between the sacrum and the ilium. 

synchondrotomy (sin-kon-drot'-o-me) [syn-; xbv- 
5pos, cartilage; rkfivetv, to cut]. A division of the car- 
tilage uniting bones, especially of that of the sym- 
physis pubis. 

synchopexia (sin-ko-peks'-e-ah). Same as tachy- 
cardia. 

synchronism (sin'-kro-nizm) [syn-; xpbvos, time]. 
Concurrence in time of two or more events. 

synchronous (sin'-kro-nus) [syn-; xpbvos, time]. 
Occurring at the same time. 

synchysis scintillans (sin'-kis-is sin' -til-lanz) 
[avyxixns, a mixing together]. The presence of bright, 
shining particles in the vitreous humor of the eye. 

syncleisis (sin-kW -sis) . Synonym of occlusion. 

synclinal (sin'-klin-al). Bending or inclining in 
the same direction. 

synclisis (sin'-klis-is). Same as synclitism. 

synclitic (sin-klit'-ik) [avyKXirris, leaning together]. 
Exhibiting or characterized by synclitism. 

synclitism (sin'-klit-izm) [avyKXirrjs, bending to- 
gether]. A condition marked by parallelism or sim- 
ilarity of inclination; parallelism between the pelvic 
planes and those of the fetal head. 

synclonus (sin'-klo-nus) [syn-; k\6vos, clonus]. 1. 
Clonic movements occurring simultaneously in sev- 
eral muscles. 2. A disease thus characterized, as 
chorea, s. ballismus, paralysis agitans. s. tremens, 
general tremor. 

syncopal (sin'-ko-pal) [syncope]. Pertaining to or 
characterized by syncope. 

syncope (sin'-ko-pe) [syn-; Kbvrtiv, to strike or cut]. 
Swooning or fainting, a partial or complete temporary 
suspension of the functions of respiration and cir- 
culation from cerebral anemia, s. anginosa, syn- 
onym of angina pectoris, s., laryngeal, laryngeal 
vertigo, s., local, sudden pallor and insensibility of 
a part. 

syncopexia, syncopexy (sin-ko-peks'-e-ah, sin-ko- 
peks' -e). _ See tachycardia. 

syncopic (sin-kop'-ik). Of the nature of syncope; 
syncopal. 

syncyanin (sin-si' -an-in). A blue pigment elab- 
orated by Bacillus cyanogenus. 



SYNCYTIAL 



867 



SYNOSTEOTOME 



syncytial (sin-sit' -e-al) [see syncytium]. Pertain- 
ing to a syncytium. 

syncytiolysin (sin-sit-e-ol'-is-in) [syncytium; \veiv, 
to loosen]. A cytolisin produced by injections of an 
emulsion made from placental tissue. 

syncytioma (sin-sit-e-o'-mah) [syncytium; 6/xa, a 
tumor]. A tumor composed of syncytial tissue, s. 
malignum, malignant degeneration of the villi of the 
chorion. See deciduoma malignum. 

syncytium (sin-sit' -e-um) [syn-; kvtos, a cell]. I. 
A mass of protoplasm with numerous nuclei. 2. The 
collection of epithelial cells forming the outermost 
covering of the chorionic villi. 

syndactyl (sin-dak' -til) [syn-; S&ktuXo?, a digit]. 
Having the adjoining fingers or toes bound to- 
gether. 

syndactylia, syndactylism, syndactyly (sin-dak-til' - 
e-ah, sin-dak' -til-izm, sin-dak' -til-e) [syn-; 5&/ctdXos, 
finger]. Adhesion between fingers or toes; webbed 
fingers; webbed toes. 

syndactylous (sin-dak' -til-us). Same as syndactyl. 

syndectomy (sin-dek'-to-me). See peritomy. 

syndelphus (sin-del' -f us) [syn-; &5e\<p6s, brother]. 
A monocephalic double monstrosity with a single 
pelvis, united thoraces, four upper and four lower 
extremities. 

syndesis (sin-de'-sis) [awdeiv, to bind together]. 
The state of being bound together. 

syndesmectopia (sin-dez-mek-to' -pe-ah) [awSeap.os, a 
bond; c/ctottos, out of place]. Ligamentous displace- 
ment. 

syndesmitis (sin-dez-mi'-tis) [awSeap.os, a ligament; 
ins, inflammation]. 1. Inflammation of a ligament. 
2. Conjunctivitis. 

syndesmodiastasis (sin-dez-mo-di-as'-tas-is) [aw- 
Seanos, ligament ; diaar aens, separation] . Separation of 
the ligaments. 

syndesmography (sin-dez-mog'-ra-fe) [syndesmus; 
ypacj>et.i>, to write]. The branch of anatomy treating 
of ligaments. 

syndesmology (sin-dez-mol'-o-je). See syndesmog- 
raphy. 

syndesmoma (sin-dez-mo'-mah) [aw8eap.os, liga- 
ment; ^a, tumor]. A new growth containing a 
large amount of connective tissue. 

syndesmoplasty (sin-dez-mo-plas'-te) [aw8eap.os, 
ligament; irXaaaeiv, to form]. A plastic operation 
on a ligament. 

syndesmorrhaphy (sin-dez-mor'-af-e) [avv8eap.os, 
ligament; pa<pr\, a suture]. Suture or repair of liga- 
ments. 

syndesmosis (sin-dez-mo'-sis) [syndesmos]. A form 
of articulation in which the bones are connected by 
ligaments. 

syndesmotic (sin-dez-mot'-ik) [aw8eap.os, ligament]. 
Bound together. 

syndesmotomy (sin-dez-mot'-o-me) [syndesmus ; 
rkpveiv, to cut]. 1. Dissection of the ligaments. 2. 
The division of a ligament. 

syndesmus (sin-dez'-mus) [aw8eap.os, ligament]. A 
ligament. 

syndrome (sin'-drom) [aw, together; 8p6p.os, a run- 
ning]. The aggregate symptoms of a disease; a 
complex of symptoms. See symptom-complex, s., 
levulosuric, a variety of diabetes with melancholia, 
insomnia, impotence, and the presence in the urine 
of a levulose that disappears rapidly on the suppres- 
sion of carbohydrates, s. temporanea di Gubler, see 
Gubler's hemiplegia. 

synechia (si-nek' -e-ah or sin-e-ki'-ah) [aw, together; 
«X«". to hold: pi., synechia.]. A morbid union of 
parts; especially, adhesion of the iris to a neighbor- 
ing part of the eye. s., annular, s., circular, exclu- 
sion of the pupil, s., anterior, adhesion between the 
iris and transparent cornea, s., posterior, adhesion 
between the iris and crystalline lens. Syn., ptosis 
diplopia, s., total, adhesion of the entire surface of 
the iris to the lens. 

synechia? pericardii (sin-ek'-e-e per-e-kar'-de-i) [syne- 
chia]. Adhesions of the pericardium. 

synechiotomy (sin-ek-e-of -o-me) . See synechotomy. 

synechotome (sin-ek' -o-tom) [awkx^v, to hold to- 
gether; T&nveiv, to cut]. An instrument for the div- 
ision of adhesions, particularly of the membrana 
tympani. 

synechotomy (sin-ek-ot'-o-me) [synechia; rkp-veiv, 
to cut]. The division of a synechia. 

synectenterotomy (sin-ek-ten-ter-ot'-o-me) [syne- 
chia; enterotomy]. The division of an intestinal ad- 
hesion. 



synencephalia (sin-en-sef-al'-e-ah) [syn-; eyKe<f>a\os, 
the brainl. The condition of synencephalus. 

synencephalocele (sin-en-sef '-al-o-sel) [syn-; en~ 
cephalocele]. An encephalocele arising from ab- 
normal adhesions, probably the result of some intra- 
uterine inflammation. 

synencephalus (sin-en-sef -al-us) [syn-; iyn&paXos, 
brain]. A monster having two bodies with but a 
single head. 

synergetic (sin-er-jet'-ik). Exhibiting synergy; 
working together. 

synergic (sin-er'-jik) [synergy]. Pertaining to syn- 
ergy. 

synergist (sin'-er-jist) [synergy]. An agent co- 
operating with another. 

synergistic. See synergetic. 

synergy (sin'-er-je) [syn-; epyov, work]. The co- 
operative action of two or more agents (synergists) or 
organs. 

synesis (sin'-e-sis) [aweats, a coming together]. 
Faculty of comprehension, intelligence, sagacity. 

synesthesia, synaesthesia (sin-es-the'-ze-ah) [syn-; 
al<rdT)cns, sensation]. A secondary sensation or sub- 
jective impression accompanying an actual perception. 

synetion, synaetion (sin-e'-shun) [syn-; atria, 
cause]. A cause which cooperates with another to 
produce disease. 

syngenesis (sin-jen'-es-is) [syn-; ykveais, genera- 
tion]. 1. The theory that the embryo is the product 
of the union of the male and female elements; also 
the theory that the embryo contains within itself the 
germs of all future generations developed from it. 2. 
Reproduction by union of male and female elements. 

syngenetic (sin-jen-et'-ik) [see syngenesis]. Prop- 
agated by means of both parents. 

syngenic (sin-jen'-ik). Synonym of congenital. 

syngignoscism (sin-gig' -no-sizm) [syn-; yLyv<lxrKeiv,to 
know]. Hypnotism, so termed from the agreeing of 
one mind with another. 

synidrosis (sin-id-ro'-sis) [syn-; LSp&s, sweat]. 
Concurrent sweating. The association of perspira- 
tion with another condition. 

synizesis (sin-iz-e'-sis) [syn-; tfeiv, to sit]. Clo- 
sure, s. pupillae, closure of the pupil. 

synkaryon (sin-kar'-e-on). A nucleus resulting 
from the fusion of two pronuclei. 

synkinesis, synkinesia (sin-kin-e'-sis, sin-kin-e'-she- 
a) [syn-; /u^eus, movement]. Involuntary move- 
ment taking place in one part of the body synchro- 
nously with or in consequence of a voluntary or re- 
flex movement in another part. 

synneurosis (sin-nu-ro'-sis). See syndesmosis. 

synocha, synochus (sin'-o-kah, sin'-o-kus) [syn-z 
lx«". to hold on]. Any continued fever. 

synochal (sin'-o-kal) [awoxos, continued]. Per- 
taining to synocha. 

synonym (sin'-o-nim) [syn-; ovo/xa, a name]. A 
word which can replace another word without alter- 
ation of meaning. In medicine, any variant name 
by which a disease, an organ, or a part of the body- 
may be known. 

synophrys (sin-off' -ris) [aw, together; 6<p P 0s, the 
eyebrow]. The growing together of the eyebrows. 

synophthalmia (sin-off -thai' -me-ah) [syn-; ophthal- 
mia]. A malformation in which the orbits form a 
single, continuous cavity. This condition is called, 
also, cyclopia. 

synophthalmus (sin-of-thal'-mus). See cyclops. 

synopsia (sin-ops' -e-ah) [syn-; u\f/, eye]. Con- 
genital union of the eyes. 

synopsis (sin-op' -sis) [syn-; o^«, a seeing]. A 
classified collation. A general view. 

synorchidism, synorchism (sin-or'-kid-izm, sin-or'- 
kizm) [syn- ; ©px«, testicle]. Partial or complete fusion 
of the two testicles. 

synoscheos (sin-os'-ke-os) [syn-; oaxeos, scrotum]. 
A condition of adherence between the skin of the penis 
and that of the scrotum. 

synosteography (sin-os-te-og'-ra-fe) [syn-; harkov, 
bone; ypafciv, to write]. The descriptive anatomy 
of the joints. 

synosteology (sin-os-te-ol'-o-je) [syn-; harkov, bone; 
X670S, knowledge]. The sum of what is known re- 
garding the joints. 

synosteophyte (sin-os'-te-o-fit) [syn-; barkov, a 
bone; <j>vt6v, a growth]. Congenital bony ankylosis. 
Syn., synostosis congenita. 

synosteosis (sin-os-le-o'-sis). See synostosis. 

synosteotome (sin-os' -te-o-tom) . A knife for the 
dissection of joints. 



SYNOSTEOTOMY 



868 



SYPHILIS 



synosteotomy (sin-os-te-ot'-o-me) [syn-; barkov, 
bone; ro/tij, a cutting]. The dissection of the arti- 
culations of bones; anatomy of the joints. 

synostology (sin-os-tol'-o-je). See synosteology. 

synostosed (sin-os-tozd') [syn-; barkov, bone]. 
Joined in bony union. . 

synostosis (sin-os-to'-sis) [syn-; barkov, bone]. A 
union of normally separate bones by osseous material, 
s. congenita. See synosteophyte. s., tribasilar, short- 
ening of the base of the skull and consequent curva- 
ture of the basal parts of the brain; a cause of im- 
becility. 

synostotic (sin-os-tot'-ik) [synostosis]. Pertaining 
to or of the nature of synostosis. 

synotia (sin-o'-she-ah) [syn-; ofc, ear]. Union of 
the ears, as in certain monsters. 

synotus (sin-o'-tus) [syn-; oh, ear]. A monster 
characterized by fused ears. 

synovectomy (sin-o-vek'-to-me). i. Excision of 
synovial membrane. 2. Arthrectomy. 

synovia (sin-o'-ve-ah) [syn-; ubv, an egg]. The 
clear, alkaline, lubricating fluid secreted within syno- 
vial membranes. 

synovial (sin-o'-ve-al) [synovia]. Pertaining to the 
synovia, s. bursa. See bursa, synovial, s. mem- 
brane. See membrane, synovial, s. sheath, a syno- 
vial membrane which lines the cavity attached to a 
bone and through which a tendon glides. 

synovin (sin'-o-vin) [syn-; ubv, egg]. The form of 
mucin found in synovia. 

synoviparous (sin-o-vip'-ar-us) [synovia; par ere, to 
produce]. _ Producing or secreting synovia. 

synovitis (sin-o-vi' -lis) [synovia; ins, inflammation]. 
Inflammation of a synovial membrane, s., acute 
suppurative, a very acute purulent form, of rheu- 
matic or traumatic origin, leading to ankylosis. Syn., 
anthropyosis empyema articuli; pyarthrosis. s. chro- 
nic purulent, synonym of fungous arthritis, s. chronic 
serous, synonym of hydrarthrosis, s., dry, synovitis 
with little if any exudate, s., exanthematous, syn- 
ovitis produced by the exanthemata, s., fibrinous. 
See 5., dry. s., fungous, synonym of fungous arth- 
ritis, s., gonorrheal, synonym of rheumatism, gon- 
orrheal, s. hyperplastica, s. hyperplastica granulosa, 
s. hyperplastica lasvis, s. hyperplastica pannosa, 
arthritis fungosa. s., lipomatous, synovitis in which 
the new formation undergoes fatty degeneration, s., 
metritic, a synovitis secondary to uterine infection. 
s., puerperal, synovitis occurring after childbirth, 
and due to septic infection, s., purulent, synovitis 
with suppuration, s., scarlatinal, synovitis occur- 
ring in an attack of scarlet fever, s., syphilitic, syno- 
vitis due to syphilitic inflammation, s., tendinous, 
inflammation of the synovial sheath surrounding a 
tendon, s., tuberculosis, synovitis with deposits of 
tubercle, s., urethral, synonym of gonorrheal syno- 
vitis. 

syntasis (sin'-tas-is) [avvrelveiv, to stretch together]. 
A stretching, or tension. 

syntaxis (sin-taks'-is) [awrkaativ, to arrange]. 1. 
Articulation. 2. Reduction, taxis. 3. A suture. 

syntectic (sin-tek'-tik). Pertaining to or charac- 
terized by syntexis; wasting. 

syntenosis (sin-ten-o'-sis) [syn-; rkvuv, tendon]. 
Articulation by means of tendons, as in the human 
digits. 

synteresis (sin-ter-e'-sis) [awrripeiv, to keep safe]. 
Preventive treatment, or hygiene; prophylaxis. 

synteretic (sin-ter-et'-ik) [avPTvoelv, to keep safe]. 
Pertaining to prophylaxis, or synteresis; hygienic; 
preventive. 

synteretics (sin-ter-et'-iks) [avvrripcXv, to watch 
closely]. Hygiene. 

syntexis (sin-teks'-is) [<rwTr)Keiv, to melt together]. 
A wasting; tabes; phthisis. 

synthermal (sin-ther'-mal). Same as isothermal. 

synthesis (sin'-thes-is) [<ri>v, with; Tid-qvcu, to place]. 
In chemistry, the artificial formation of a compound 
by combining its constituents. 

synthetic (sin-thet'-ik) [synthesis]. Pertaining to 
or produced by synthesis. 

synthetism (sin'-thet-izm) [synthesis]. The sum of 
operations and means necessary for reducing a frac- 
ture and holding the parts in position. 

synthol (sin'-thol). A chemically pure synthetic 
substitute for alcohol. It is colorless and non- 
irritant. 

synthorax (sin-tho'-raks). Synonym of thoraco- 
pagus. 

syntonin (sin'-to-nin) [<twtoi>os, contracted]. An 



acidalbumin obtained by the action of dilute hydro- 
chloric acid upon the myosin of muscle. 

syntopic (sin-top'-ik) [<rvv, together; tottos, place]. 
Applied by Waldeyer to a topographic description 
which points out the relation of a part or organ to 
the viscera or soft parts of the organism. 

syntopy (sin'-to-pe). The relation of an organ or 
part to the viscera of the organism. Cf. holotopy; 
idiotopy ; skeletopy. 

syntoxoid (sin-toks'-oid) [syn-; Tofrnbv, poison; 
eldos, likeness]. A toxoid having the same affinity 
as toxin for antitoxin. 

syntrimrha, syntripsis (sin-trim' -ah, sin-trip' -sis) 
Synonym of comminution. 

syntrophus (sin'-tro-fus) [syn-; rpcxpbs, a nurse]. 
A congenital disease. 

syntropic (sin-trop'-ik) [syn-; rpkireiv, to turn]. 
Similar, and turned in the same direction (thus the 
ribs of either side are syntropic; those of opposite 
sides are antitropic) . 

synulodynia (sin-u-lo-din'-e-ah) [avpovXwaLs, a 
scarring over; bStorj, pain]. Pain in a cicatrix. 

synulosis (sin-u-lo'-sis) [syn-; bvXri, scar]. Cicatri- 
zation; cicatrix. 

synulotic (sin-u-lot'-ik) [<twv\otikos, healing]. Pro- 
moting cicatrization. 

synzygia (sin-zij'-e-ah). See syzygy. 

syphilelcos, syphilelcus (sif-il-el'-kos, sif-il-el'-kus) 
[syphilis; iXnos, ulcer]. Syphilitic ulcer. Chancre. 

syphilelcosis (sif-il-el-ko'-sis) [syphilis; 2X/cos, ulcer]. 
The condition or progress of syphilitic ulceration; 
the condition of having a chancre. 

syphilelcus (sif -el-el' -kus) [syphilis; eX/cos, ulcer]. 
A syphilitic ulcer. 

syphilicoma (sif-il-ik-o'-mah) [syphilis; KOfielp, 
to take care of]. A hospital for syphilitics. 

syphilide, syphilid (sif'-il-id) [syphilis]. Any 
disease of the skin due to syphilis. Syphilides may 
be erythematous, macular, acneiform, lenticular, 
squamous, vesicular, pustular, bullous, tubercular, 
rupial, etc. s., secondary, any syphilide occurring 
during the secondary stage of syphilis, s., tertiary, 
any syphilide occurring during the tertiary stage of 
syphilis. 

syphilidiatria (sif-il-id-e-a'-tre-ah) [syphilis; Larpeia, 
treatment]. The medicinal treatment of syphilis. 

syphilidocolpitis (sif-il-id-o-kol-pi'-tis) [syphilis; 
Kohiros, vagina; ins, inflammation]. Syphilitic in- 
flammation of the vagina. 

syphilidography (sif-il-id-og'-ra-fe). See syphilog- 
raphy. 

syphilidologist. See sy philologist. 

syphilidology (sif-il-id-ol'-o-je). See sy philology. 

syphilidomania (sif-il-id-o-ma'-ne-ah). See syphilo- 
mania. 

syphilidophobia (sif-il-id-o-fo'-be-ah). See syphilo- 
phobia. 

syphilidophthalmia (sif-il-id-off-thal'-me-ah) [syph- 
ilis; ophthalmia]. Syphilitic ophthalmia. 

syphilin (sif'-il-in). See syphilitoxin. 

syphilionthus (sif-il-e-on'-thus) [syphilis; 'Lovdos, 
eruption]. Any copper-colored scaly eruption in 
syphilis. 

syphiliphobia (sif-il-if-o'-be-ah) . See syphilophobia. 

syphilis (sif'-il-is) [origin obscure]. A chronic 
infectious, contagious, venereal disease, characterized 
by a variety of structural lesions of which the chancre, 
the mucous patch, and the gumma are the most 
distinctive. A spirochete (Spirochceta pallida, or 
Treponema pallidum) is the cause. The disease is 
generally acquired in sexual congress, hence its 
earliest manifestations appear upon the genital 
organs, but any abraded surface of the body, if 
brought in contact with the syphilitic poison, may 
give entrance to the infection. The earliest lesion 
of acquired syphilis is the chancre, initial sclerosis, 
or primary sore, which appears after a period of 
incubation varying from two to three weeks. It is 
usually a reddish-brown papule with an ulcerated 
central spot, and has a slight serous or purulent 
discharge. Taken between the fingers it is found to 
have a peculiar cartilaginous hardness. Micro- 
scopically it consists of an accumulation of round 
cells, epithelioid cells, with, perhaps, a giant-cell 
here and there. The blood-vessels present a hyper- 
plasia of the intima, to which in part the induration 
of the chancre is due. Very soon after the appear- 
ance of the chancre the nearest lymphatic glands 
become enlarged and indurated — the indolent buboes 
of syphilis. The mucous patch, condyloma latum, 



SYPHILITIC 



869 



SYRINGOTOME 



moist papule, or mucous tubercle is located upon 
mucous membranes, at mucocutaneous junctions, 
or where two skin surfaces are in habitual contact, 
and is a flat, scarcely elevated patch, generally- 
covered by a whitish pellicle. The gumma or gummy 
tumor is a rounded nodule, varying in size from the 
dimensions of a pea to those of a small apple. Its' 
favorite seats are the periosteum of flat bones, the 
membranes of the brain, the liver, spleen, and 
testicle. It is usually soft, and contains in its interior 
a gelatinous "gummy" material. Another im- 
portant though not distinctive lesion produced by 
syphilis is a diffuse sclerosis of the blood-vessels, 
especially of the parenchymatous organs. The 
clinical course of syphilis is generally divided into 
three stages: the primary {primary syphilis), charac- 
terized by the presence of the chancre and of the 
indolent bubo; the secondary {secondary syphilis), 
by the mucous patch, cutaneous eruptions, sore 
throat, and general enlargement of the lymphatic 
glands; the tertiary {tertiary syphilis), by the gumma 
and by severe skin-lesions. Between the appearance 
of the chancre and the secondary manifestations a 
period of six weeks usually elapses. The tertiary 
phenomena follow the secondary after a stage of 
quiescence of variable length. Syphilis also bears 
an important, but as yet obscure, relation to certain 
diseases of the nervous system, such as locomotor 
ataxia and paretic dementia, s., congenital. See 
s„ hereditary, s. d'emblee, the invasion of syphilis 
without a local lesion, s., extragenital, that in 
which the first lesion is situated elsewhere than on 
the genital organs, s., hereditary, syphilis trans- 
mitted from parent to offspring. See Colles' law; 
Demarquay's, Hutchinson's, Krisowski's, Silex's, 
Wegner's sign. s. ingenita. See s., hereditary. 
s. insontium, syphilis of the innocent, i. e., syphilis 
acquired in an innocent manner, or nonvenereal 
syphilis, s., marital, syphilis acquired in lawful 
wedlock, s. neonatorum, syphilis of the newborn. 
s., nonvenereal. Synonym of s. insontium. s. 
oeconomica, a form of syphilis insontium in which 
the disease is acquired through eating and drinking 
or household utensils, or by incidental contact with 
syphilitic persons, s., pulmonary, a rare disesae 
which is either hereditary or follows the initial 
attack after from 10 to 20 years or longer. Two 
forms may be differentiated — a chronic interstitial 
indurative process and a growth of gummata. s. 
technica, syphilis acquired in following one's occu- 
pation, as by physicians, midwives, nurses, s., 
venereal, syphilis _ acquired in illegitimate sexual 
intercourse, s., visceral, syphilis of the viscera — 
the lesions are either inflammatory or gummatous. 

syphilitic {sif-il-it'-ik) [syphilis]. Pertaining to or 
affected with syphilis. 

syphilitoxin {sif-il-e-toks'-in) [syphilis; to&kov, 
poison]. A term formerly used for the supposed 
specific virus of syphilis, before the discovery of the 
Treponema pallidum. 

syphilization {sif -il-i-za' -shun) [syphilis]. 1. Inocu- 
lation with syphilis, especially inoculation for the 
purpose of conferring immunity to future attacks. 
2. The state produced by inoculation with syphilis. 

syphilized {sif'-il-lzd) [syphilis]. Affected with 
hereditary syphilis. 

syphilocerebrosis {sif-il-o-ser-e-bro'-sis) . ' Syphilis 
affecting the brain. 

syphiloderm, syphiloderma {sif -il-o-derm, sif-il-o- 
der'-mah). See syphilide. 

syphilogenesis, syphilogeny {sif-il-o-jen'-e-sis, sif- 
il-oj'-en-e) [syphilis; yewav, to produce]. The 
origin or development of syphilis. 

syphilographer {sif-il-og' -ra-fer) [see syphilography]. 
One who writes on syphilis. 

syphilography {sif-il-og' -ra-fe) [syphilis; ypaxpeiv, 
to write]. A treatise on syphilis. 

syphiloid {sif'-il-oid) [syphilis; eldos, like]. 1. Re- 
sembling syphilis. 2. A disease resembling syphilis. 

syphilolepis {sij-il-oV -ep-is) [syphilis; \eirls, scale]. 
A scaly or furfuraceous eruption of syphilitic origin. 

syphilologist {sif-il-ol'-o-jist) [syphilis; Xo-yos, sci- 
ence]. A specialist in the treatment of syphilis. 

syphilology {sif-il-ol'-o-je) [syphilis; \6yos, science]. 
The sum of knowledge regarding the origin, nature, 
and treatment of syphilis. 

syphiloma {sif-il-o'-mah) [syphilis; Sua, tumor]. 
1. A syphilitic gumma. 2. A term introduced by 
Ernst Wagner as a substitute for gumma. 

syphilomania {sif-il-o-ma'-ne-ah) [syphilis; mania]. 



The inclination to attribute diseases to syphilis. 
The morbid belief in the presence of syphilis. 

syphilomatous {sif-il-o'-mat-us) [syphilis; 6/ua, 
tumor]. Pertaining to syphiloma. 

syphilonychia {sif-il-o-nik'-e-ah) [syphilis; 6w^, 
nail]. An onychia of syphilitic origin, s. exulcerans, 
syphilitic onychia with ulceration, s. sicca, syph- 
ilitic onychia without ulceration. 

syphilopathy {sif-il-op'-ath-e) [syphilis; irados, 
disease]. Any syphilitic disease. 

syphilophobe {sif'-il-o-fob) [syphilis; 4>6(3os, fear]. 
One affected with syphilophobia. 

syphilophobia {sif-il-o-fo'-be-ah) [syphilis; <j>6@os, 
dread]. 1. A condition in which the patient imagines 
himself to be infected with syphilis. 2. A morbid 
dread of syphilitic infection. 

syphilophyma {sif-il-o-fi'-mah) [syphilis; <f)vp.a, 
growth]. 1. Syphiloma of the skin. 2. Any growth 
due to syphilis. 

syphilosis {sif-il-o'-sis) [syphilis]. Syphilitic dis- 
ease. 

syphionthus {sif -e-on' -thus) [syphilis; tovdos, an 
eruption on the face]. The copper-colored eruptions 
or fawn-colored, furfuraceous patches of syphilitic 
origin. 

syr. Abbreviation of Latin syrupus, syrup. 

syrgol {sir'-gol). An organic silver compound, 
said to contain 20 per cent, of colloidal silver oxide. 

Syriac ulcer. Synonym of diphtheria. 

syrigmophonia {sir-ig-mo-fo' -ne-ah) [avpLoativ, to 
hiss; <£awi7, voice]. A piping or whistling state of the 
voice. 

syrigmus {sir-ig'-mus) [avplaaeiv, to hiss]. Any 
subjective hissing, murmuring or tinkling sound 
heard in the ear. 

syringe {sir'-inj) [avpiy£, a pipe]. An apparatus 
for injecting a liquid into a cavity. 

syringeal {sir-in' -je-al) [avpiy£, a pipe]. Relating 
or belonging to a fistula or to the Eustachian tube. 

syringenin {sir-in' -jen-in) [Syringa, a genus of 
shrubs]. C13H28O5+H2O. A dissociation product 
of syringin by action of dilute acids; a clear, rose- 
red, amorphous mass, soluble in alcohol, insoluble 
in water and ether. 

syringin {sir-in' -jin) [Syringa]. A crystalline 
glucoside obtained from Syringa vulgaris, C17H24O9 
+H2O, white, tasteless, acicular crystals, soluble in 
alcohol and hot water, boils at 191 C. It is anti- 
pyretic and antiperiodic; used in malaria. Syn., 
lilacin ; ligustrin. 

syringious {sir -in- je' -us) [<rvpt.y£, a tube]. Fistu- 
lous. 

syringitis {sir-in-ji'-tis) [syrinx; lt«, inflamma- 
tion]^ Inflammation of the Eustachian tube. 

syringobulbia {si-rin-go-buV -be-ah) [avpiy£, tube; 
bulb]. The presence of cavities in the medulla 
oblongata similar to syringomyelia. 

syringocele, syringoccelia {$ir-ing'-go-sel, sir-ing- 
go-se'-le-ah) [avpiyZ, tube; no'Chia, hollow]. The 
cavity or central canal of the myelon or spinal cord. 

syringocystadenoma {sir-ing-go-sis-tad-en-o'-mah) 
[syrinx; cystadenoma]. A peculiar disease of the 
skin that probably begins in embryonic sweat-glands. 

syringomeningocele {sir-ing' -go-men-in' -go-slV) 

[trvpiyZ, pipe; meningocele], A meningocele resem- 
bling a syringomyelocele. 

syringomyelia {sir-in-go-mi-e' -le-ah) [syrinx; p.ve\6s, 
marrow]. A condition characterized by the presence 
of cavities in the substance of the spinal cord. Syn., 
myelosyringosis. s., Grasset-Rauzier's type of, a 
form with marked sudoral and vasomotor symptoms. 
s., Schlesinger's type of, the dorsolumbar type. 

syringomyelitis {sir-ing-go-mi-el-i'-tis) [avpiy£, 
tube; p.ve\6s, marrow; ins, inflammation]. The in- 
flammation coincident with or preceding syringo- 
myelus. 

syringomyelocele {sir-in-go-mi'-el-o-sel) [syrinx; 
HveKSs, marrow; KoiKia, cavity]. A form of spina 
bifida in which the protruding mass consists of mem- 
branes and nerve-substance, and the cavity of which 
communicates with the central canal of the spinal 
cord. 

syringomyelus {sir-ing-go-mi'-el-us) [avpiy£, tube; 
ixveKos, marrow]. An abnormal dilatation of the 
central canal of the spinal cord in which the central 
gray column is converted into connective tissue, the 
interior softening and forming a cavity. A disease 
similar to this in children is called hydromyelia. 

syringotome {sir-in' -go-tom) [syrinx; rkuvnv, to 
cut]. An instrument for incising a fistula. 



SYRINGOTOMY 



870 



SZABO'S TEST 



syringotomy (sir-in-got 1 '-o-me) [syrinx; tow, a 
cutting]. The operation of cutting a fistula, espe- 
cially a fisula in ano. 

syrinx (sir'-ingks) [avpiyt, a tube], i. A fistula. 
2. The Eustachian tube. 

syrup (sir' -up) [syrupus, syrup], i. A concen- 
trated solution of sugar in water (syrupus, U. S. P., 
B. P.). 2. A preparation composed of a solution of 
a medicinal substance in syrup, s., hive, compound 
syrup of squills, s., simple, the aqueous solution of 
sugar without other ingredients. 

syrupy (sir'-up-e) [syrup]. Resembling a syrup. 

sysoma (si-so'-mah) [syn-; a&na, body: pi., syso- 
tnata]. A double monstrosity with two separate 
heads, but with the bodies fused in more or less inti- 
mate union. 

sysomic (si-so'-mik). Of the nature of a sysoma. 

syssarcosis (sis-ar-ko'-sis) [avv, together; <rap%, 
flesh]. The union of bone by the interposition of 
muscular tissue. 

syssomus (sis-so'-mus) [aw, together; au>p.a, body]. 
A double monster joined by the trunks. 

systaltic (sis-tal'-tik) [systole]. Pulsatory; con- 
tracting; having a systole. 

systasis (sis'-tas-is) [avaraais]. Consistency, 
density. 

system (sis' -tern) [avarrjua, from aw, together; 
laravai, to stand], i. A methodical arrangement. 
2. A combination of parts into a whole, as the di- 
gestive system, the nervous system. 3. The body as 
a whole, s., Bertillon. See under identification; 
also Bertillonage. s., centimeter-gram-second, the 
system based upon the use of the centimeter, gram, 
and second as units of length, mass, and time re- 
spectively, s., Galton. See under identification. 
s.-disease, s.-lesion, a disease of the cerebrospinal 
axis affecting a tract of nerve-fibers or nerve-cells 
having common anatomic relations and physiological 
properties, s., kinetic. See under kinetic, s., pedal, 
a ganglionic system of the brain, s., portal, the 
system of veins collecting the venous blood from the 
digestive tract. 

systema (sis-te'-mah). See system. 

systematic (sis-tem-at'-ik) [system]. Pertaining to 
or affecting a system. 



systematology (sis-tem-at-ol'-o-je) [system; \6yos, 
science]. The science of arrangement and classifica- 
tion. 

systemic (sis-tem'-ik) [system]. 1. Of or pertaining 
to a system. 2. Pertaining to the whole organism. 

systemoid (sis'-tem-oid) [system; eldos, form]. 
A term applied to tumors composed of a number of 
tissues resembling a system of organs; teratoid. 

systole (sis'-to-le) [avaroKri, contraction]. The 
contraction of the heart and arteries, s., aborted, 
a cardiac systole which on account of insufficient 
energy or mitral regurgitation, does not increase the 
arterial pressure, s., anticipated, an aborted systole 
due to an imperfectly filled ventricle, s., arterial, 
the arterial retraction following cardiac systole. 
s., auricular, auricular contraction, s., ventricular, 
the contraction of the ventricles. 

systolic (sis-tol'-ik) [systole]. Pertaining to the 
systole ; occurring during systole. 

systolometer (sis-to-lom^et-er) [systole; fxkrpov, 
measure]. An instrument for estimating the in- 
tensity and quality of cardiac sounds and murmurs, 
and the length of the pauses. 

systremma (sis-trem'-ah) [avarpe/i/ia, a swelling: 
pi., systremmata]. Cramp in the muscles of the 
leg. 

syzygial (siz-ij'-e-al) [<rv£vyos, yoked gtoteher]. 
Pertaining to syzygy. 

Syzygium (siz-ij'-e-um) [avfvyos, yoked]. A genus 
of East Indian trees, of which 5. jambolanum is used 
in diabetes. > 

syzygy (siz'-ij-e) [avfvyos, yoked together; pi., 
syzygies]. In biology: 1. A fusion of two bodies, 
without loss of identity. 2. A zygote or conjugate 
body, formed by the union or conjugation of two 
similar gametes, and usually followed by encapsula- 
tion and later by sporulation; a syzygium. s. bone, 
one shaped like the letter S, e. g., the episternum. 

Szabo's test for hydrochloric acid in the contents 
of stomach (tsah'-bo). Mix together equal parts 
of 0.5 % solutions of ammonium sulphocyanide and 
sodioferric tartrate. This makes a pale yellow liquid, 
which changes to brownish-red on the addition of a 
solution containing HC1. 



T. An abbreviation of tension, temperature, and 
absolute temperature. 

T+. Abbreviation for increased tension. 

T_. Abbreviation for diminished tension. 

t. Abbreviation for temporal. 

TA. Abbreviation for tuberculin A. 

Ta. Chemical symbol of tantalum. 

tabacosis (tab-ak-o'-sis) [tabacum], A state of 
poisoning produced by the excessive use of tobacco. 

tabacum (tab-ak'-um). See tobacco. 

tabanid (tab'-an-id) [tabanus, a gad-fly]. Any 
horse-fly or gad-fly. 

Tabanus (tab-an'-us) [see tabanid]. A genus of 
horse-flies or gad-flies. More than 1300 species are 
known, the females of many of them being capable 
of inflicting a severe and painful bite. 

tabardillo (tab-ar-del'-yo) [Spanish]. 1. Mexican 
typhus. 2. An infectious disease endemic in certain 
parts of Mexico. 

tabasheer (tab-a-sher') [Hindu, tabasher]. An 
opal-like substance found in the joints of certain 
species of bamboos. It is used as a tonic, aphrodisiac, 
pectoral, astringent, and antispasmodic. 

tabatiere anatomique (tahb-aht-e-air' ', ahn-aht-om- 
ek) [Fr., "anatomical snuff-box"]. The depression at 
the base of the thumb between the tendons of the 
extensor primi and extensor secundi internodii 
poll ids. 

tabby-cat striation. Peculiar markings occurring 
on muscles that have undergone extreme fatty 
degeneration, especially seen in the heart muscle. 

tabefaction (ta-be-fak'-shun) [tabefacere, to melt]. 
Wasting; emaciation. 

tabella (ta-bel'-ah) [L.: pi., tabellce]. A troche. 
A tablet. 

tabes (ta'-bez) [L.]. A wasting or consumption. 
The word is generally used as a synonym of tabes 
dorsalis. t. coxaria, wasting from hip disease, t., 
diabetic, a peripheral neuritis affecting diabetics. 
t. diuretica. Same as diabetes mellitus. t. dolorosa, 
a form in which pain is the dominating feature. 
t. dorsalis, locomotor ataxia, a disease dependent 
upon sclerosis of the posterior columns of the spinal 
cord. The symptoms are lightning-pains; unsteadi- 
ness and incoordination of voluntary movements, 
extending to the upper extremities; disorders of 
vision, among others the Argyll Robertson pupil; 
cutaneous anesthesia; girdle-sense; abolition of the 
patellar reflex; diminution of sexual desire; distur- 
bance of the sphincters, t. ergotica, a toxemia 
resulting from the use of ergot; its symptomatology 
closely simulates that of locomotor ataxia, t., 
hereditary. See Friedreich's disease, t. mesenterica, 
tuberculous disease of the mesenteric glands in 
children, with progressive wasting, t., spasmodic, 
lateral sclerosis of the spinal cord. 

tabescence (lab-es'-ens) [tabes, wasting]. Wasting: 
marasmus; emaciation. 

tabescent (tab-es'-ent) [tabescere, to waste away]. 
Wasting, or becoming wasted or emaciated. 

tabetic (tab-et'-ik). 1. Affected with tabes; of or 
pertaining to tabes. 2. Pertaining to or affected 
with tabes dorsalis. 

tabetifonn (tab-et'-if-orm). Resembling tabes. 

tabic (lab'-ik). See tabetic. 

tabid {tab' -id). See tabetic. 

tablature (tab'-lat-ur) [tabula, a table]. Separation 
into tables, as exemplified in the frontal, parietal, 
and occipital bones. 

table (ta'-bl) [tabula]. 1. A flat-topped piece of 
furniture, as an operation table, examining table. 
2. A fiat plate, especially one of bone, as a table of 
the skull, t., vitreous, the inner cranial table. 

tablespoon. A large spoon, holding about is Cc. 
or 4 fluidrams. 

tablet {tab' -let) [table]. A lozenge; a troche. 
t. triturate, a small troche containing a triturated 
medicine. 



tablogestin (tab-lo-jes'-tin). Chologestin in tablet 
form. 

tabloid (tab'-loid) [table; eldos, like]. 1. A flat 
troche. 2. A trade name for a compressed or other 
tablet. 

taboparalysis (ta'-bo-par-al-is-is). A condition in 
which tabes is associated with general paralysis. 

taboparesis (ta' -bo-par' -es-is). Same as tabopa- 
ralysis. 

tabophobia (ta-bo-fo'-be-ah) [tabes; </>6/3os, fear]. 
A morbid fear of becoming affected with tabes; it is 
a frequent symptom of neurasthenia. 

tabula (tab'-u-lah). See table. 

tabular (tab'-u-lar) [tabula, table]. Having the 
form of a table, t. bone, a flat bone or one com- 
posed of two tables of compact bone with cancellous 
tissue or diploe between them. 

tabule (tab' -ill). A tablet. 

tac (tak). 1. Synonym of influenza. 2. Rot; 
scabies in the sheep. 

tacahout (tak'-a-howt). A kind of gall produced 
upon the tamarisk; it is an astringent. 

tacamahac, tacamahaca (tak'-am-a-hak, tak-am-a- 
hak'-ah) [Mexican]. A resin produced by various 
trees. 

tache (tahsh) [Fr.]. A spot, taches blanches, 
certain white spots described by Hanot as occurring 
on the liver, especially on its convex surface, in 
infectious diseases. Microscopically they present 
a leukocytic infiltration and bacteria, t. bleuatre, 
a spot of a delicate blue tint, sometimes observed 
on the skin of typhoid-fever patients, t. cerebrale, 
t. meningeale, the red line made when the finger- 
nail is drawn over the skin; due to vasomotor paresis 
and occurring especially in meningeal irritation, 
t. motrice, an eminence of protoplasm within the 
sarcolemma where the nerve-fiber pierces the latter; 
a motorial end-plate, t. spinale, a bulla-like spot 
seen in certain diseases of the spinal cord. 

tacheometer (tak-e-om'-et-er). Same as tachometer. 

tachetic (tak-et'-ik) [tache]. Relating to the forma- 
tion of reddish-blue or purple patches (taches). 

Taenia (tak'-e-ah) [tachi, an ant, so-called by the 
Galibis because they harbor ants]. A genus of 
shrubs and trees of the Gentianacece. The root of 
T. guianensis, a species of Brazil and Guiana, is 
used as is gentian and also as an antipyretic and 
prophylactic against malaria. Dose of tincture 1 or 2 



tachiol (tak'-e-ol) . A modification of silver fluoride ; 
employed as a surgical antiseptic in solution of 
1 : 1000 to 1 : 100 and in ophthalmic practice. 

tachistoscope (tak-is'-to-skop) [raxvs, swift; <ricoireiv, 
to view]. A form of stereoscope giving rapid im- 
pressions by means of a movable diaphragm. 

tachography (tak-og'-raf-e) [roxw, swift; ypafclv, 
to write]. The estimation of the rate of flow of 
arterial blood by means of the tachygraph. 

tachometer (iak-om'-et-er). See hemotachometer. 

tachy- (tak-e-) [raxvs, swift]. A prefix meaning 
swift. 

tachycardia (tak-e-kar'-de-ah) [tachy-; KapBla, heart]. 
Excessive rapidity of the heart's action, t., essen- 
tial, that occurring in paroxysms, and due to func- 
tional disturbance of the cardiac nerves, t., par- 
oxysmal, tachycardia occurring periodically in 
paroxysms, t. reflex, tachycardia due to other 
causes than those producing essential t. t. strumosa 
exophthalmic, the tachycardia occurring in exophthal- 
mic goiter. 

tachycardiac (tak-e-kar' -de-ak) . Pertaining to or 
suffering from tachycardia. 

tachygraph (tak'-ig-raf). See hemotachometer. 

tachygraphy (tak-ig'-raf-e) [raxvs, swift; ypafclv, 
to write]. The estimation of the rate of flow of 
arterial blood by means of the tachygraph. 

tachyiatria (tak-e-i-at'-re-ah) [tachy-; larpela, heal- 
ing]. The art of curing quickly. 



TACHYMETER 



872 



TALUS 



tachymeter (tak-im'-et-er). Same as hemotacho- 
meter. 

tachyphagia (tak-e-fa'-je-ah) [tachy-; <pa.yelv, to 
eat]. Rapid eating. 

tachyphrasia (tak-e-fra'-ze-ah) [tachy-; <ppa<ns, 
speech]. Morbid rapidity or volubility of speech. 

tachyphrenia (tak-e-fre'-ne-ah) [tachy-; <ppi]v, mind]. 
Morbid mental activity. 

tachypnea, tachypnoea (tak-ip-ne'-ah) [tachy-; 
irvori, breath]. Abnormal frequency of respiration. 
t., nervous, respiration of 40 or more to the minute 
accompanying neurotic disorders, particularly hys- 
teria and neurasthenia. 

tachytomy (tak-it'-o-me) [tachy-; ronrj, a cutting]. 
The art of operating quickly. 

tactile (tak'-til) [tactus]. Pertaining to the sense. 
of touch, t. cells, cells representing special sensory 
nerve-endings, found in the deeper layers of the 
epidermis or the adjacent stratum of corium. t. 
corpuscles, special sensory nerve-endings exhibiting 
more complexity of structure than the tactile cells, 
t. disc, the flattened terminal expansion of the axis 
cylinder in a special sensory nerve ending, or tactile 
corpuscle, t. irritability, the property of cellular 
repulsion, t. meniscus, a peculiar crescentic ex- 
pansion of a nerverfiber over the ental surface of a 
tactile cell. t. papilla. See papilla, t. reflexes, 
reflex movements from stimulation of the tactile 
corpuscles. 

taction (tak'-shun) [tactio, a touch]. A touch, a 
touching, the tactile sense. 

tactometer (tak-tom'-et-er) [tactus; p,krpov, a mea- 
sure]. An instrument for estimating tactile sensi- 
bility; an esthesiometer. 

tactor (tak'-tor)_ [tactus, touch]. A tactile organ. 

tactual (tak'-tu-al) [tactus, touch]. Relating to 
the sense of touch; tactile. 

tactus (Jtak'-tus) [tangere, to touch]. Touch, t. 
eruditus, t. expertus, special sensitiveness of touch 
acquired by long experience. 

taedium vitae (te'-de-um vi'-te) [L.]. Weariness of 
life, a symptom witnessed in many cases of insanity; 
it is sometimes a precursor of suicide. 

Taenia, Tenia (te'-ne-ah) [L., "a band"]- 1. A 
band or band-like structure. 2. Tenia, see tapeworm. 
T. coenurus, a parasite found in the intestine of the 
dog. T. cucurbitana, long tapeworm (pork- worm). 
T. echinococcus. See tapeworm, dog-, t. fornicis, 
one of the peduncles of the pineal gland, t. hippo- 
campi, the corpus fimbriatum of the hippocampus 
major. T. mediocanellata, T. saginata. See tape- 
worm, beef-, t. semicircularis, a narrow band on 
the floor of the lateral ventricle, between the caudate 
nucleus and the optic thalamus. T. solium. See 
tapeworm, pork-. t. thalami, the habenula. t. 
tuba?, an occasional thickening of the upper border 
of the perisalpinx. t. ventriculi quarti, the tenia of 
the fourth ventricle, the ligula. t. ventriculi tertii, 
the tenia of the third ventricle, the stria medullaris. 
t. violacea, a bluish, longitudinal _ band on the floor 
of the fourth ventricle. T. vulgaris, broad tapeworm. 

taeniacide (te'-ne-as-id). See teniacide. 

taeniafuge (te'-ne-af-uj). See teniafuge. 

Tagetes (ta-je'-tez). A genus of plants of the order 
Composite. T. erecta, African marigold, and T. 
patula, French marigold, are used as substitutes for 
calendula. 

Tagliacotian operation (tah-le-ah-ko' -she-an) [Gas- 
pard Tagliacozzi, Italian surgeon, 1546-1599]. See 
operation, Italian. 

tagma (tag'-mah) [rayfia, that which has been 
arranged; pi., tagmata]. An aggregate of molecules. 

tagulawaya. See balsam, tagulaway. 

tail (tal). 1. The caudal extremity of an animal. 
2. Anything resembling a tail. t. bone, the coccyx, 
t. fold, an embryonic infolding or hollow, enclosing 
the hind-gut. t. gut, that part of the archenteron 
which is in the tail of the embryo, t. of pancreas, 
the splenic end of the pancreas. 

Taillefer's valve. A valvular fold of mucous mem- 
brane about the middle of the nasal duct. 

tailor's cramp, or spasm. An occupation-neurosis 
occurring in tailors, and characterized by spasm of 
the muscles of the arm and head. 

tailor's muscle. Sartorius. 

taint (tant). An infection, or pathogenic influence; 
as a syphilitic taint. A spot or blemish. 

Tait's knot (tat) [Lawson Tail, English gyne- 
cologist, 1845-1909]. A peculiar method of ligating 
J e pedicle in the operation of ovariotomy. See 



knot, Staffordshire. T.'s law, in every disease of the 
abdomen or pelvis in which the health is destroyed 
or the life threatened, and in which the condition 
is evidently not due to malignant disease, an explora- 
tion of the cavity by celiotomy should be made. 
T.'s method, perineorrhaphy. T.'s operation, peri- 
neorrhaphy. 

takadiastase (ta-kah-di'-as-tas) [Jokichi Takamine, 
Japanese chemist, 1853- ]. A diastatic ferment 
obtained from wheat-bran by action of the spores 
of the fungus Eurotium or y zee (Taka-moyash) . It is 
used in digestive disorders, especially those resulting 
from deficient secretion of saliva and hyperacidity 
of the stomach. Dose 2-5 gr. (0.1-0.3 Gm.). 

take (tak). To become infected, as by vaccine 
virus. 

takosis (ta-ko'-sis) [rrtneiv, to waste]. A highly 
contagious fatal disease of goats. 

talalgia (tal-al'-je-ah) [talus, heel; &X70S, pain]. 
Pain in the heel. 

Talbot's law. When the visual stimuli proceeding 
from a revolving disc are completely fused and the 
sensation is uniform, the intensity is the same as that 
which would occur if the same amount of light were 
spread uniformly over the disc. 

Talbot-Plateau's law. See Talbot's law. 

talc, talcum (talk, tal'-kum) [Ar., talq, talc], 4Mg- 
O . sSiOz . H2O. The talcum of the U. S. P. is a 
native hydrous magnesium silicate. It is a white, 
greasy powder, used as a dusting-powder. Syn., 
soapstone; steatite, t., purified (talcum purificatum, 
U. S. P.), talc, hydrochloric acid, and water. 

Taliacotian (tal-e-ak-o' -she-an). See Tagliacotian. 

taliped (tal'-ip-ed) [talus, ankle; pes, foot]. A 
person affected with talipes; club-footed. 

talipedic (tal-ip-e'-dik) [talipes]. Belonging or 
relating to talipes; club-footed. 

talipes (taV-ip-ez) [talus, ankle; pes, foot]. Club- 
foot, a deformity depending upon contraction of one 
or more muscles or tendons about the foot, either 
congenital or acquired, t. arcuatus. See t. cavus. 
t. calcaneus, talipes in which the patient walks upon 
the heel alone, t. cavus, an increased curvature of 
the arch of the foot. t. equinus, talipes in which 
the heel is elevated and the weight thrown upon 
the anterior portion of the foot. t. percavus, ex- 
cessive plantar curvature, t. planus, flat-foot; 
splay-foot. t. spasmodic, non-congenital talipes due 
to muscular spasm, t. valgus, talipes in which the 
foot is everted, t. varus, a variety, the reverse of 
the last, in which the foot is bent inward. Combina- 
tions of these occur, called t. equinovalgus, t. equino- 
varus, t. calcaneovalgus, t. calcaneovarus, etc. 

talipomanus (tal-ip-o-ma'-nus) [talipes; manus r 
hand]. Deformity of the hand, analogous to club- 
foot; club-hand. 

Tallerman treatment. The local application of 
superheated dry air, the affected part being intro- 
duced into a cylinder. 

tallow (tal'-o) [O. D. talgh]. The fat extracted 
from suet, the solid fat of cattle, sheep, and other 
ruminants. 

Tallqvist's method (tal'-kvist) [Theodor Waldemar 
Tallqvist, Finnish physician]. To determine ap- 
proximately hemoglobin percentages allow a drop of 
blood to soak into a bit of filter-paper and compare 
with the naked eye the color strength of the stain with 
a series of printed standard tints of known value. 

Talma's disease [Sape Talma, Dutch physician, 
1847- ]. Myotonia acquisita. T.'s operation, 
suture of the omentum to the abdominal wall for 
relief of ascites due to cirrhosis of the liver. 

talo- (ta-lo-) [talus, ankle]. A prefix denoting 
pertaining to the ankle or to the astragalus. 

talocalcanean (ta-lo-kal-ka' -ne-an) . See astragalo- 
calcanean. 

talocrural (ta-lo-kroo'-ral) [talo-; crus, leg]. Re- 
lating to the astragalus and the bones of the leg. 

talofibular (ta-lo-fib' -u-lar) . Relating to the 
astragalus and the fibula. 

talonavicular (ta-lo-nav-ik' -u-lar). See astragalo- 
scaphoid. 

taloscaphoid (ta-lo-skaf'-oid). See astragaloscaph- 
oid. 

talotibial (ta-lo-tib'-e-al). See astragalotibial. 

talpa (tal' -pah) [L.]. A mole or wen. 

talpiform (tal'-pe-form) [talpa; forma, form]. 
Wen-shaped. 

talus (ta'-lus) [L.]. 1. The astragalus. 2. The 
ankle. 



TAMA 



873 



TAPE WORM 



tama (tarn' -ah) [L.]. Swelling of the feet and 
legs. 

tamar indien. An aromatic confection of senna. 

tamarac (tam'-ar-ak) [Am. Ind.]. The bark of 
Larix americana, a tonic and mild astringent acting 
on mucous membranes. Dose of the fluidextract 
5ss-j. 

tamarind, tamarindus {tam'-ar-ind, tam-ar-in'-dus) 
[Ar., tamr, a ripe date; Hind, India]. Tamarindus 
indica, a tree of the order Leguminosce. The pre- 
served pulp of the fruit (tamarindus, U. S. P., B. P.) 
is laxative and refrigerant. Dose i dr.-i oz. (4-32 
Gm.). 

tambour (tam'-boor) [Fr.]. A drum; a drum-like 
instrument used in physiological experiments, and 
consisting of a metal cylinder over which is stretched 
an elastic membrane, and from which or to which 
passes a tube for transmitting a current of air. It is 
connected with another apparatus upon which 
changes in pressure in the tambour are recorded. 

tampicin (tarn' -pis-in) . A purgative resin, C34H54- 
O14, from the root of Tampico jalap, Ipomcea simulans. 

tampol (tam'-poT). A medicated tampon « for 
gynecological use. 

tampon (tam'-pon) [Fr.]. 1. A plug of cotton, 
■sponge, or other material inserted into the vagina, 
nose, or other cavity. 2. To plug with a tampon. 

tamponade (tam-pon-ad') [Fr.]. The act of plug- 
ging with a tampon. 

Tamus (ta'-mus). A genus of dioscoreaceous old- 
world plants. The pulp of the bulb of T. communis 
(black bryony) is discutient, vulnerary, diuretic, 
and laxative. 

tanacetin (tan-as' -et-in). See under tansy. 

tanacetum (tan-as-e'-tum). See tansy. 

tanalum (tan-al'-um) [tannin; alum]. Aluminum 
tanno tartrate ; used in diseases of the nose and 
throat. 

tanargan (tan-ar'-gan). A tannin-silver-albumin 
preparation. 

tanargentan (tan-ar-jen'-tan). A trade name ap- 
plied to a compound or mixture of silver with tannin 
and albumin. 

tanghin (tang' -gin). A poisonous extractive ob- 
tained from tanghinia (q. v.). 

tanghinia (tan-gin' -e-ah). T. venenifera, the ordeal- 
bean of Madagascar, a cardiac and respiratory poison. 
Its active principle is tanghinin. 

tanghinin (tan-gin' -in). See under tanghinia. 

tangle (tang'-gl). See laminaria. t.-tent. See 
sea-tangle. 

tango foot (tang' -go). Tenosynovitis of the dorsal 
flexors of the foot, particularly of the tibialis anticus, 
found in those addicted to modern dances. 

tannagen (tan'-a-jen). See tannigen. 

tannal (ian'-al) [tannin; alum]. Aluminum tan- 
nate; it is used in diseases of the nose and throat. 
t., insoluble, aluminum tannate. t., soluble, alumi- 
num tannotartrate. 

tannalbin (tan-aV -bin) . A compound of tannin 
and albumin; a brown, tasteless powder, insoluble 
in water, and containing 50 % of tannin. An in- 
testinal astringent. Dose 15 gr. (1 Gm.) 2 to 4 
times daily, t., veterinary, a tannalbin specially pre- 
pared for a veterinary intestinal astringent. 

tannas (tan' -as). Latin form of tannate. 

tannase (tan' -as). A zymase occurring in certain 
plants containing tannin, and produced in cultures of 
Penicilium glaucum. 

tannate (tan' -at) [tannin]. A salt of tannic acid. 

tannic acid. See acid, tannic. 

tannichthol (tan-ik'-thol). A trade name for 
suppositories containing tannic acid, phenol, ichthyol, 
belladonna, stramonium, witch-hazel and sometimes 
opium. 

tannigen (tan'-ij-en). See acetyl tannin. 

tannin (tan' -in). See acid, tannic, t., formalde- 
hyde, tannoform. 

tannismuth (tan-is' -muth) . Trade name of bismuth 
bitannate. 

tannisol (tan'-is-ol). Methylene ditannin, said 
to be a condensation product of tannin and formalde- 
hyde. 

tannipyrine (tan-ni-pi'-ren). A condensation 
product of antipyrine and tannic acid; it is used as a 
■styptic. 

tannobromine (tan-o-bro' -men) . A product formed 
from formaldehyde and dibromtannin. It is said 
to be a nerve sedative. 

tannocasum (tan-o-ka' -sum) . A compound of 



tannin and casein; it is used as an intestinal astrin- 
gent. 

tannochloral (tan-o-klo'-ral). See captol. 

tannochrome (tan'-o-krom). Trade name of a 
preparation containing resorcinol and chromium 
bitannate. 

tannocol (tan'-o-kol). A combination of equal 
parts of gelatin and tannic acid. 

tannocreosoform (tan-o-kre-o'-so-form). A com- 
pound of tannin, creosote, and formaldehyde. 

tannoform (tan'-o-form), CH2(CuH909)2. A con- 
densation-product of tannin and formaldehyde. 
Used internally in chronic intestinal catarrh. Dose 
4-8 gr. (0.25-0.5 Gm.); externally in skin diseases, 
burns, etc., in 10 % ointment, or dusting-powder 
with 2 to 4 parts of starch. Syn., methylene ditan- 
nin ; tannin-formaldehyde. 

tannogelatin (tan-o-jel'-at-in) . Same as tannocol. 

tannoguaiaform (tan-no-gwi'-a-form). A compound 
of tannic acid, guaiacol and formaldehyde, employed 
as an intestinal antiseptic and astringent. 

tannon (tan' -on), (CH2)6N4(CuHio09)3. A con- 
densation-product of tannin and uro tropin; used in 
acute catarrh and subacute and chronic enteritis. 
Dose 15 gr- (1 Gm.) 3 or 4 times daily. 

tannopin (tan'-o-pin). See tannon. 

tannopumilin (tan-o-pu' -mil-in) . A proprietary 
remedy for skin diseases, said to consist of tannic 
acid and oil of Pinus pumilio. 

tannosal (tan'-o-sal). Tannic acid ester of creo- 
sote, containing 60 per cent, of creosote; antitubercu- 
lar. Same as creosal. 

tannothymal (tan-o-thi'-mal). Trade name of a 
condensation product of formaldehyde, thymol and 
tannin. 

tannyl (tan'-il). A compound of tannin and 
oxychlorcasein. 

Tanret's reagent for albumin (tahn-ra) [Charles 
Tanret, French physician, 18 - ]. Potassium 
iodide, 3.32 Gm.; mercuric chloride, 1.35 Gm.; 
acetic acid, 20 Cc, diluted with distilled water to 
60 Cc. This reagent, added to an albumin solution, 
gives a white precipitate. 

Tansini's operation (tan-se'-ne) [Iginio Tansini, 
Italian surgeon, 1855- ]. 1. An operation for 
the removal of the breast, including the skin covering 
it, followed by the covering of the bare area with a 
flap of skin taken from the back. 2. An operation 
for the removal of a hepatic cyst. 

tansy (tan'-ze) [O. Fr., tanasie, from Low L., 
tanacetum, from aOavaaia, immortality]. A perennial 
herb, Tanacetum vulgare, of the order Composites. 
The leaves and tops contain a bitter principle, 
tanacetin, C11H16O4, tannic acid, and an essential oil 
(oleum tanaceti). Tansy is an aromatic bitter and 
irritant narcotic, and has been used in malaria, in 
hysteria, and as an emmenagogue and anthelmintic. 
In overdoses it produces abdominal pain, vomiting, 
epileptiform convulsions, and death from failure of 
respiration. Dose 30 gr.-i dr. (2-4 Gm.); of the 
oil 1-4 min. (0.065-0.26 Cc). 

tantalum (tan'-tal-um). A rare metal, allied in 
properties to antimony and bismuth; symbol Ta, 
atomic weight 181. 5. See elements, table of. 

tap. 1. A sudden slight blow. 2. To empty of 
fluid, as to tap a hydrocele. 3- An East Indian term 
for trypanosomiasis. 

tapeinocephalic, tapeinocephaly. See tapinoceph- 
alic, tapinocephaly. 

tapetal (tap'-e-tal). Pertaining to the tapetum. 

tapetum (ta-pe'-tum) [rdir^, a mat or rug]. 1. The 
layer forming the roof of the posterior and middle 
cornua of the lateral ventricles of the brain; it is 
composed of fibers from the corpus callosum. 2. The 
brilliant greenish layer of the eyes of nocturnal 
animals, which are by it visible in the dark. Syn., 
tapetum lucidum. t. alveoli, the alveolar periosteum. 
t. cellulosum. See t. fibrosum. t. fibrosum, a 
shining structure in the choroid of the eye. It takes 
the place of the t. cellulosum of the carnivora, the 
iridescent portion of the choroid in these animals, 
t. lucidum, the brilliant, greenish, reflecting layer or 
membrana versicolor of the eyes of many of the lower 
animals, t. nigrum, the pigmentary layer of the 
retina, t. ventriculi, a bundle of white fibers of the 
brain uniting the cortex of the frontal with that of 
the occipital lobe. 

tape-worm. One of the Cestoda, a class of worms 
parasitic in man and the lower animals. The adult 
worm (strobilus) consists of a head (scolex) and 



TAPHOPHOBIA 



874 



TARSOPHALANGEAL 



numerous segments {proglottides), which are capable 
of leading for some time a separate existence, are 
hermaphroditic, and contain numerous ova. If 
the ova are swallowed by the proper host, they 
develop into embryos (proscolices) , which are trans- 
formed into the cysticerci, containing the scolices. 
If the meat of animals containing living scolices is 
eaten, the latter develop into the mature tape- 
worm, or strobilus. t., armed. See t., pork, t., 
beef- (Tcenia mediocanellata or saginata), also termed 
the unarmed tape-worm, the cysticercus of which 
occurs in beef, t., dog- {Taenia echinococcus) , also 
called hydatid tape-worm. The mature parasite 
lives in the intestine of the dog; the scolices occur in 
the internal organs of man and give rise to the 
echinococcus or hydatid cysts, t., fish-, t., broad, 
t., Swiss (Bothriocephalus latus), the cysticercus of 
which occurs in fish, t., hydatid. See t., dog-. 
t., pork- (Tcenia solium), also known as the armed 
tape-worm, from the presence of several hooklets on 
the head, is derived from pork which contains the 
cysticerci. Other tape-worms occasionally found in 
man are: Tcenia cucumerina or elliptica, most fre- 
quent in the dog and cat; Tcenia nana has been found 
in man in Italy; Tcenia leptocephala, common in the 
mouse, has also been observed in man. 

taphophobia (taf-o-fo'-be-ah) [ra<j>os, burial; <£6/Sos, 
fear]. Morbid fear of being buried alive. 

taphosote (taf'-o-sot). Creosote tannophosphate. 

tapinocephalic (tap-in-o-sef-al'-ik) [see tapino- 
cephaly]. Affected with tapinocephaly. 

tapinocephaly (tap-in-o-sef'-al-e) [raireLPos, low; 
Ke<j>a\ii, head]. Flatness of the top of the cranium. 

tapioca (tap-e-o'-kah) [Sp.]. A variety of starch 
obtained from the cassava or manioc plant, Jatropha 
manihot. It is used as a food. 

tapir mouth (ta'-per). A separation and thickening 
of the lips, with disease of the orbicularis oris muscle, 
causing the lips to resemble those of the tapir. It is 
sometimes seen in facial muscular atrophy of the 
Landouzy-Dejerine type. 

tapotement (tap-ot-mon(g)) [Ft.]. In massage, 
the operation of percussing or tapping. 

tapping (tap'-ing).See i. tapotement ; 2. paracen-tesis. 

taproot (tap' -rut). The main root, or downward 
continuation of the plant axis. 

tar (tahr) [AS., teoru, tar]. An empyreumatic 
liquid resin obtained by the destructive distillation 
of the wood of various species of Pinus, of the order 
Coniferce. Tar (Pix liquida, U. S. P., B. P.) contains 
a great variety of compounds, among which are 
pyroligneous acid, toluene, xylene, pseudocumene, 
cresol, phenol, guaiacol, creosol, paraffin, naphthalene, 
pyrocatechin, etc. It is employed in chronic bron- 
chitis and in diseases of the urinary tract; externally 
in tinea capitis, psoriasis, chronic eczema, and other 
affections of the skin, t.-acne. See acne picealis. 
t. balls, coal tar camphor, naphthalene, t., Bar- 
bados, a black petroleum of Barbados of the con- 
sistency of molasses and with bituminous taste. 
t., birch, crude oil of birch, t.-camphor, naphthalene. 
t., coal, a dark, highly complex, semi-liquid substance 
obtained by the destructive distillation of coal, t., 
gas. See t., coal, t., juniper, oil of (oleum cadinum, 
U. S. P.). See cade, oil of. t., oil of (oleum picis 
liquidce, U. S. P.), a volatile oil distilled from tar. 
Dose 3 min. (0.2 Cc). t. ointment (unguentum 
picis liquidce, U. S. P., B. P.), a mixture of tar, 
yellow wax, and lard. t. spirit, benzol, t., syrup 
of (syrupus picis liquidce, U. S. P.). Dose 1-2 dr. 
(4-8 Cc). t.-water, an infusion containing one part 
of tar to four of water, t., wood, a thick, shining, 
black liquid obtained by the distillation of the wood 
of various species of conifers. 

tara (tah'-rah). A nervous disease occurring in 
Siberia. 

taracanin (tar-ak'-an-in). The same as antihy- 
dropin. 

tarantism, tarantismus (tar'-an-tizm, tar-an-tiz'- 
mus). A choreic affection, ascribed to the bite of a 
tarantula, and supposed to be cured by dancing. 

tarantula (tar-an' -tu-lah) [Tarentum]., 1. A species 
of spider, Lycosa tarantula, closely resembling the 
trap-door spider, Mygale henzii, with which it is 
often confounded. Its bite is poisonous. See 
tarantism. 2. The Italian form of dancing mania; 
tarantism. 

tarantulism (tar-an' -tu-lizm). Same as tarantism. 

tarassis (tar-as'-is) [rapaaativ, to trouble]. Hys- 
teria in the male. 



taraxacerin (tar-aks-as'-er-in). A waxy substance 
found in dandelion. 

taraxacin (tar-aks' -as-in). A crystallizable material 
derivable from the common dandelion; said to be 
tonic and diuretic. 

taraxacum (tar-aks' -ak-um). Dandelion; the 
T. officinale (T. dens-leonis) , a plant of the order 
Composites. Its root (taraxacum, U. S. P.; taraxaci 
radix, B. P.) contains two crystalline principles, 
taraxacin and taraxacerin, and is used in chronic 
congestion of the liver and spleen, t., decoction of 
(decoctum taraxaci, B. P.). Dose 2 oz. (64 Cc). 
t., extract of (extractum taraxaci, U. S. P., B. P.). 
Dose 10 gr. (0.65 Gm.). t., fluidextract of (fluid- 
extractum taraxaci, U. S. P.). Dose 1 dr. (4 Cc). 
t., juice of (succus taraxaci, B. P.). Dose 2-4 dr. 
(8-16 Cc). 

taraxis (tar-ak'-sis) [rapa^is, trouble]. A slight 
conjunctivitis, or eye trouble. 

Tardieu's ecchymoses or spots [Auguste Ambroise 
Tardieu, French physician, 1818-1879]. Ecchymotic 
spots found beneath the pleura and the pericardium 
after death from strangling. They have also been 
observed in death from asphyxia due to other causes. 

tared (tard). Allowed for as a tare or deduction; 
having the weight previously ascertained, as a tared 
filter. The term is used in pharmacy and chemistry. 

Tarin's, Tarinus' fascia (ta-ran', ta-ri'-nus) [Pierre 
Tarin, French anatomist, 1725-1761]. The fascia 
dentata Tarini; the gyrus dentatus. See fascia 
dentata. T.'s foramen. See Fallopian hiatus. T.'s 
fossa, T.'s pons, the posterior perforated space which 
forms part of the floor of the third ventricle. T.'s 
space. See T.'s fossa. T.'s tenia, taenia semicircu- 
laris; a white band lying below the vena corporis 
stria ti, and extending from near the anterior extremity 
of the thalamus, along the inner border of the in- 
ferior cornu of the lateral ventricle, into the gray 
substance of the hippocampus major. T.'s valve, 
the posterior medullary velum. 

Tarnier's sign (tar-ne-a') [Etienne Stephane Tar- 
nier, French obstetrician, 1828-1897]- Effacement 
of the angle between the upper and lower segments 
of the uterus; it is an indication of inevitable abortion. 

tarropetrolin (tar-o-pet'-ro-lin). A compound of 
wood tar and petroleum, used as a salve in various 
skin diseases. 

tarsadenitis (meibomica) (tar-sad-en-i'-tis) [tarsus; 
dbiiv, a gland; wis, inflammation]. Inflammation 
of the Meibomian glands and tarsal cartilage. 

tarsal (tar' -sal) [tarsus]. 1. Pertaining to the 
tarsus of the foot. 2. Pertaining to the tarsus of 
the eye. t. cartilage, the cartilaginous layers in the 
free edge of each eyelid, t. cyst. See chalazion. 
t. glands, the Meibomian glands. 

tarsale (tar-sa'-le). Any bone of the tarsus, but 
especially one in the distal row. 

tarsalgia (tar-sal '-je-ah) [tarsus; a\yos, a pain]. 
Pain, especially one of neuralgic character, in the 
tarsus. 

tarsalia (tar-sa'-le-ah) [pi. of tarsale]. The tarsal 
bones. 

tarsalis (tar-sa'-lis). A tarsal muscle. 

tarsectomy (tar-sek'-to-me) [tarsus; turow, exci- 
sion]. 1. Excision of tarsal bones. 2. Excision of 
part of a tarsal cartilage. 

tarsectopia (tar-sek-to'-pe-ah) [tarsus; iKToiros, out 
of place]. Tarsal displacement. 

tarsen (tar' -sen) [tarsus]. Belonging to the tarsus 
in itself. 

tarsitis (tar-si' -lis) [tarsus; ins, inflammation], 
inflammation of the tarsus; and see blepharitis. 

tarso- (tar-so-) [rapcrbs, tarsus], A prefix denoting 
pertaining to the tarsus. 

tarsocheiloplasty (tar-so-ki' -lo-plas-te) [tarso-; xei- 
Xos, lip; TrX&ffaeiv, to form]. Plastic surgery of the 
edge of the eyelid. 

tarsoclasis (tar~so-kld'-sis) [tarsus; xXao-is, rupture]. 
1. Rupture of the tarsal cartilage. 2. Intentional 
fracture of the tarsus, for the correction of club-foot. 

tarsomalacia (tar-so-mal-a'-she-ah) [tarso-; p.a\aida, 
softening]. Softening of the tarsus of the eyelid. 

tarsometatarsal (tar-so-met-ah-tar'-sal) [tarso-; 
metatarsus]. Relating to the tarsus and the meta- 
tarsus. 

tarso-orbital (tar-so-or' -bit-al) . Relating to the 
framework of the eyelids and the walls of the orbit. 

tarsophalangeal (tar-so-fa-lan'-je-al) [tarso- ; 
<t>a\ayt, phalanx]. Pertaining to the tarsus and the 
phalanges. 



TARSOPHYMA 



875 



TEALE'S AMPUTATION 



tarsophyma (tar-so-fi'-mah) [tar so-; 4>vp.a, a growth]. 
Any morbid growth or tumor of the tarsus. 

tarsoplasia (tar-so-pla'-ze-ah). Same as tarso- 
plasty. 

tarsoplasty (tar'-so-plas-te) [tar so-; irkao-aeiv , to 
form]. Plastic surgery of the eyelid; blepharoplasty. 

tarsorrhaphy (tar-sor'-a-fe) [tarso-; pa<j>ri, suture]. 
The operation of sewing the eyelids together for a 
part or the whole of their extent. 

tarsotarsal (tar-so-tar'-sal) [tarsus]. Between the 
tarsal bones; mid tarsal. 

tarsotibial (tar-so-tib'-e-al). Same as tibiotarsal. 

tarsotomy {tar-sot' -o-me) [tarso-; tow, a cutting], 
i. Operation upon the tarsal cartilage. 2. Opera- 
tion upon the tarsus of the foot. t. cuneiform, re- 
moval of a wedge-shaped piece of any of the tarsal 
bones. 

tarsus (tar'-sus) [rapads, tarsus]. 1. The instep, con- 
sisting of the calcaneus, astragalus, cuboid, scaphoid, 
internal, middle, and external cuneiform bones. 2. 
The cartilage of the eyelid, called the tarsal 
cartilage, a dense connective tissue forming the sup- 
port of the lid. 

tartar (tar' -tar) [Low L., tartarum, from Ar., durd, 
dregs]. 1. A hard mineral deposited on the inside 
of wine-casks, and consisting mainly of acid potassium 
tartrate (cream of tartar). 2. A hard incrustation on 
the teeth, consisting of mineral and organic matter. 
t., alkali of, potassium carbonate, t., borated, 
potassium and sodium borotartrate. t., cream of 
(potassii bitratras, U. S. P.). See potassium bitar- 
trate. t. emetic, antimony and potassium tartrate. 
See under antimony, t., soluble, potassium tartrate. 
t., vitriolated, potassium sulphate. 

tartarated (tar'-tar-a-ted) [tartar]. Containing 
tartar, t. antimony, tartar emetic, t. soda, sodium 
and potassium tartrate. 

tartaric acid. See acid, tartaric. 

tartarization (tar-tar-i-za'-shun). The treatment 
of syphilis with tartar emetic. 

tartarized (tar'-tar-izd). See tartarated. 

tartarlithin (tar-tar-lith'-in). See lithium bitartrate. 

tartarus (tar'-tar-us) [L.]. 1. Tartar. 2. Certain 
salts of potassium, t. boraxatus, potassium and 
sodium borotartrate. t. natronatus, potassium and 
sodium tartrate, t. tartarisatus, potassium tartrate. 
t. vitriolatus, potassium sulphate. 

tartrate (tar'-trat). A salt of tartaric acid. 

tartrated (tar'-tra-ted). Containing tartar; com- 
bined with tartaric acid. 

tartrophen (tar'-tro-fen). A combination of phene- 
tidin and tartaric acid. 

Tashkend ulcer (tash-kend') . See Sartian disease. 

taste (tdst). 1. The sensation produced by stimu- 
lation of special organs in the tongue (taste-organs) 
by soluble bodies. 2. The faculty by which these 
sensations are appreciated, t., after-, a secondary 
taste perceived after the immediate taste has ceased. 
t.-bud, an oval, flask-shaped body, embedded in 
the epithelium of the tongue, and serving the sense 
of taste. It is also called t.-bulb. t.-bulb. See t.- 
bud. t.-cell, one of a number of peculiarly shaped, 
flask-like bodies found between the epithelial cells 
covering the slopes of the circumvallate papillae. 
They are the terminal end-organs of the gustatory 
nerve, t.-center, the gustatory nervous center. 
Its position is not determined, t.-end. See t.-cell. 
t.-goblets, flask-like bodies on the sides and base of 
the tongue enclosing the gustatory cells; see t.-cell. 
t.-pore, the minute canal connecting the interior of 
a taste-bud with the surface of the mucous membrane. 

tattooing (tat-too' -ing) [Tahitian]. The produc- 
tion of permanent colors in the skin by the intro- 
duction of foreign substances, such as carbon, india- 
ink, etc., a common practice among sailors, t. of 
the cornea, a method of hiding leukomatous spots. 
t., electrolytic, the electrolytic treatment of angioma 
or nevus by means of a negative electrode carrying 
from 10 to 20 needles. 

taurin (taw'-rin) [taurus, bull], C2H7NSO3. Ami- 
doethylsulphonic acid, a crystalline decomposition- 
product of bile. See Lang. 

taurocholate (taw-ro-ko' -lat) . Any salt of tauro- 
cholic acid. 

taurocholic acid (iaw-ro-kol'-ik). See acid, tauro- 
cholic. 

taurocol (taw'-ro-kol). A preparation containing 
sodium glycocholate, sodium taurocholate, cascara 
sagrada, phenolphthalein, and aromatics. It is a 
cholagogue. 



tautomenial (taw-to-me' -ne-al) [ravro, the same; 
yA\v, month]. Relating to the same menstrual 
period. 

tautomeral, tautomeric (taw-tom'-er-al, taw-to-mer' - 
ik) [tclvto, the same; p.epos, part]. 1. Exhibiting 
tautomerism; a qualification applied to compounds 
to which two different structural formula? may be 
rightly attributed. 2. Applied to neurons of the 
cinerea of the spinal cord, the axons of which pass 
into the white matter of the cord on the same side 
in which they are located. 

tautomerism (taw-tom' -er-izm) [tclvto, same; pkpos, 
a share]. 1. The attribution of two different 
formula? to one compound. 2. The quality ex- 
hibited by those cases in which two structural 
formulae are possible, while but one compound ap- 
pears to be obtainable. It is assumed that in such 
bodies the formula? are susceptible of change from 
one arrangement to the other. The phenomenon 
has also been called desmolropy. t., virtual, term for 
phasotropy. 

Tawara's node (tah-vah'-rah) [S. Tawara, Japanese 
physician]. A node of interlacing muscle fibers in 
the auricular septum at the beginning of the muscle 
bundle of His. 

taxine (taks'-en) [rd£os, yew-tree]. A poisonous 
alkaloid from the leaves and seeds of the Taxus 
baccata, or yew-tree. It is used in epilepsy. 

taxis (taks'-is) [ro£is, from Taaaeiv, to arrange]. 
1. An arranging. 2. A manipulation, especially 
manipulation for the reduction of hernia. 3. The 
reaction of protoplasm to a stimulus; tropism, 
chemotaxis, q. v. t., bipolar, the replacement of a 
retroverted uterus by upward pressure through the 
rectum and drawing the cervix down in the vagina, 
t., positive, t., negative. See chemotaxis. 

taxodium (taks-o'-de-um) [rd£os, yew-tree; eZSos, 
form]. The common bald or black cypress of the 
southern United States and Mexico; said to be useful 
in hepatic diseases, in rheumatism, and as a diuretic. 

taxonomic (taks-o-nom'-ik) [rd£is, arrangement; 
vdfjLos, law]. Pertaining to systematic classification. 

taxonomy (laks-on'-o-me) [t6£is, arrangement; 
v6p.os, a law]. The principles of classification. 

Taxus (taks'-us) [to£os, yew-tree]. A genus of 
cone-bearing trees, the yews. T. baccata, the com- 
mon European yew-tree. Its leaves and seeds are 
poisonous and have sedative qualities. 

Tay's choroiditis. Choroidal degeneration, char- 
acterized by irregular yellowish spots visible around 
the macula lutea, and thought to be due to an 
atheromatous condition of the arteries. Syn., 
choroiditis guttata senilis. 

Taylor's test for acetone. A few drops of a freshly 
prepared aqueous solution of sodium nitroprusside 
are added to 10 c.c. of urine or distillate; concentrated 
ammonium hydroxide is then stratified upon the 
mixture. A magenta color at the point of contact 
indicates the presence of acetone. 

Tay-Sach's disease [Warren Tay, English physi- 
cian; Bernard Sachs, American neurologist, 1858- 
]. Amaurotic family idiocy. 

tayuya (ta-u'-yah). The roots of various plants, 
Dermophylla pei^dulina, Cayaponia martiana, etc., 
used in the treatment of syphilis. 

tayuyin (ta-u'-yin). A bitter principle from 
tayuya. 

Tb. Chemical symbol of terbium. 

T-bandage. See under bandage. 

TC. See under tuberculin. 

Te. 1. Chemical symbol for tellurium. 2. Ab- 
breviation for tetanic contraction. 

tea (te) [Chinese]. 1. The dried leaves of Thea 
chinensis, of the order Ternstromiacece, used for pre- 
paring a beverage, also called tea. 2. Any vegetable 
infusion used as a beverage, t., James', t., Labrador, 
the leaves of Ledum latifolium used as a substitute 
for tea. t., teamsters'. See tepopote. 

teaberry. See gaultheria. 

teachers' nodes or nodules. See chorditis luberosa. 

Teale's amputation (telz) [Thomas Pridgin Teale, 
English surgeon, 1801-1868]. 1. For amputation of 
the arm: the long flap is placed upon the antero- 
external aspect of the arm; the brachial artery and 
the median and ulnar nerves are divided with the 
posterior flap. 2. For amputation of the leg: a rec- 
tangular flap operation, in which a long anterior and 
a short posterior flap are made, each consisting of 
both integument and muscle; the length of the 
anterior flap is equal to half the circumference of the 



TEARS 



876 



TELEGONY 



limb, and the posterior flap is one-quarter of the 
length. 

tears. I. The secretion of the lacrimal gland. 
2. Hardened lumps, or drops, of any resinous or 
gummy drug. 

tease (tez). To tear a tissue into its component 
parts with needles. 

teaspoon. A small spoon holding about 4 Cc. 
or 1 dr. 

teat (let). A nipple 

technic, technique {tek'-nik, tek-nek') [rkxvn, art]. 
The method of procedure in operations or manipula- 
tions of any kind. 

technocausis (tek-no-kaw'-sis) [rex^n, art; Kavtns, 
a burning]. Mechanical cauterization, in counter- 
distinction to that produced by chemicals. 

tecnology (tek-nol'-o-je) [t<:ki>oi>, a child; \6yos, 
study]. The study or scientific knowledge of child- 
hood, its hygiene, diseases, etc. 

tecnotonia (tek-no-to'-ne-ah) [rkuvov, a child; 
Krkiveiv, to kill]. Child-murder; infanticide. 

tecosis. See takosis. 

tectiform (tek'-ti-form) [tectum, a roof; forma, 
form]. Roof -shaped. 

tectocephalic (tek-to-sef-al'-ik) [tectum, a roof; 
Ke<t>a\r], head]. Pertaining to a roof-shaped skull. 

tectocephaly (lek-to-sef'-al-e) [tectum, a roof; 
Ke<t>a\i), head]. The condition of having a roof- 
shaped skull. 

tectology (tek-tol'-o-je) [reKrcov, a builder; Aoyos, 
science]. # Structural morphology. 

tectorial (tek-to'-re-al) [lector ium]. Serving as a 
roof or covering, t. membrane. See membrana 
tectoria. 

tectorium (tek-to'-re-um) [L.: pi., tectoria]. 1. A 
covering. 2. See membrana tectoria. 
. tectum (tek'-tum) ,[L.; gen., tecti]. A roof or cover- 
ing, t. ventriculi qiiarti, Vieussen's valve, q. v. 

tedious (te'-de-us) [tcedium, weariness]. Unduly 
protracted, as t. labor. 

tedium vitae. See tcedium. 

teel oil. See sesamum, oil of. 

teeth (teth) [plural of tooth, q. v.]. t., auditory, 
the tooth-like projections on the edge of the limbus 
lamina; spiralis of the ear. They extend between the 
epithelial cells and give the limbus an uneven, highly 
refracting surface. They are composed of the 
osteogenous tissue of the crista, t., Chiaie [Prof. 
Stephano Chiaie, of Naples]. A peculiar deteriora- 
tion of the dental enamel among the inhabitants of 
the Italian littoral; characterized by the teeth be- 
coming black and destitute of enamel (denti neri), 
though apparently strong and serviceable; or the 
teeth remain white and finely formed but marred 
by a line of fine black, script-like marks (denti 
scritti). t., Corti's. See t., auditory, t., Horner's, 
incisor teeth presenting horizontal grooves that are 
due to a deficiency of enamel, t., Huschke's. See 
under Huschke. t., Hutchinson's. See Hutchin- 
son's teeth, t., master, a name given by early writers 
to the venom fangs of serpents, t., notched. See 
Hutchinson's teeth, t., numbering of the, in number- 
ing the teeth, the incisor next the symphysis menti 
is first, the wisdom-tooth last, or eighth. The first 
incisor is also said to be central, mesal, or proximal, 
and the last or wisdom-tooth, distal. In numbering 
the groups of teeth, as incisors, bicuspids or pre- 
molars, molars, the one nearest the symphysis is 
number one of the particular group, t., pegged. 
See Hutchinson's teeth, t., permanent, those of the 
second dentition, t., pivot. See under pivot, t., 
sectorial, the cutting teeth of the carnivora. t., 
springing, a name given by early writers to the venom 
fangs of serpents, t., succedaneous, the permanent 
teeth which take the places of the temporary teeth. 
t., temporary, the teeth of the first dentition; milk- 
teeth; deciduous teeth; also, a provisional set of 
artificial teeth, t., test-, the central upper incisors 
of the permanent teeth, which are observed as a test, 
being "notched" or "pegged" in cases of congenital 
lues, t., wall, molars. 

teething [AS., toth, tooth]. The eruption of the 
first teeth in an infant; dentition. 

Teevan's law (te'-van). [William Frederick Teevan, 
English surgeon, 1834-1887]. Fracture of a bone 
occurs in the line of extension, not in that of com- 
pression. 

tegmen (teg' -men) [tegere, to cover]. A cover. 
t. mastoideum, the roof of the mastoid cells, t. 



tympani, the roof of the tympanic cavity, t. ventri- 
culi quarti, the roof of the fourth ventricle. 

tegment (teg'-ment). The tegmentum. 

tegmental (teg-men' -tal) [tegmen]. Pertaining to 
the tegmentum, t. nucleus, the red nucleus. See 
nucleus, tegmental. 

tegmentum (teg-men' -turn) [legmen], A covering; 
specifically, the dorsal portion of the crus cerebri 
and pons Varolii, t. auris, the membrana tympani. 
t., hypothalamic, or subthalamic, the continuation 
of the tegmentum under the thalamus, t. tympani, 
the tegmen tympani. t. ventriculi, lateralis, the 
centrum ovale majus. t. ventriculorum, the centrum 
ovale majus. 

tegmin (teg'-min). A white, aseptic substance 
used as is collodion, in sealing small wounds that 
do not require drainage; it is said to consist of an 
emulsion of wax, acacia, water, zinc oxide, and lano- 
lin. 

tegone (teg' -on). A proprietary medicated plaster 
similar to gelone, q. v. 

tegumen (teg'-u-men). See tegmen. 

tegument (teg'-u-ment) [tegmen]. The integument. 

tegumental, tegumentary (teg-u-men'-tal, teg-u- 
ment'-a-re) [tegmen]. Relating to the skin or tegu- 
ment. 

Teichmann's crystals (ttk'-man) [Ludwig Teich- 
mann, German histologist, 1825-1895]. Hemin 
crystals. T.'s test for hemin, to the dry residue 
placed on a slide a small crystal of sodium chloride 
is added and a cover-glass la;d over it. A few 
drops of glacial acetic acid are allowed to flow in 
under the cover-glass, and the whole is heated gently 
so as not to boil the liquid. On cooling, rhombic 
crystals of hemin (Teichmann's crystals) will be found. 
If no crystals appear after the first warming,, warm 
again, and, if necessary, add more acetic acid. 

teichopsia (ti-kop'-se-ah) [reixos, wall; S^is, vision]. 
A temporary amblyopia, with subjective visual 
images like fortification-angles; it is probably due to 
vasomotor disturbances of the visual center. 

teinodynia (ti-no-din'-e-ah). See tenodynia. 

teinophlogosis (ti-no-flo-go'-sis) [rdveiv, to stretch; 
(jAdyuais, inflammation]. Inflammation of the ten- 
dons. 

tela (te'-lah) [L.]. A web or tissue, t. adiposa, 
adipose tissue, t. aranea, spiders' web, cobweb; 
it is used as a styptic, t. cellulosa, connective or 
areolar tissue, t. choroidea, the membranous roof 
of the third and fourth ventricles of the brain, 
t. chorioidea ventriculi quarti, a fold of pia forming 
a part of the roof of the fourth ventricle, t. chori- 
oidea ventriculi tertii, the velum interpositum, q. v. 
t. epithelialis, epithelial tissue, t. erectilis, erectile 
tissue, t. flava, elastic tissue, t. hasmalis, lymph 
cells and blood-corpuscles, and, also, splenic tissue. 
t. vasculosa, the choroid plexus. 

telaesthesia (tel-es-the'-ze-ah). Telesthesia, tele- 
pathy, q. v. 

telangiectasia (tel-an-je-ek-ta'-ze-ah). See telangi- 
ectasis. 

telangiectasis (tel-an-je-ek' -la-sis) [reXos, end; &y- 
yeiov, a vessel; acrcum, a stretching]. Dilatation of 
groups of capillaries or smaller blood-vessels, t. 
faciei, acne rosacea, t. lymphatica, lymphangiec- 
tasis. 

telangiectatic (tel-an-je-ek-tat'-ik). Pertaining to 
or characterized by telangiectasis. 

telangiectoma (tel-an-je-ek-to'-mah) [see lelangioma]. 
Birthmark; simple nevus. 

telangioma (tel-an-je-o'-mah) [rekos, end; &yyelov, 
a vessel ; 6/j.a, tumor]. A tumor composed of dilated 
capillaries. _ 

telangiosis (tel-an-je-o'-sis) [rk\os, end; hyyelov, 
a vessel]. Disease of the capillaries or minute blood- 
vessels. 

telar (te'-lar) [tela, a web]. Pertaining to a tela; 
of the nature of a tela. 

teledactyl (tel-e-dak'-til) [7-77X6, afar; 5o.ktv\os, 
finger]. A device to avoid stooping when wishing to 
pick up things from the floor (in disease of the spine, 
injuries, etc.). It consists of six spring-forceps at 
the end of a cane, operated by a cord passing to the 
handle and provided with a ring for the index finger. 

teledendrite (tel-e-den'-drit). See telodendron. 

telediastolic (tel-e-di-as-tol'-ik) [reXos, end; diastole]. 
Relating to the last phase of a diastole. 

telegony (tel-eg'-on-e) [rrjXe, far away; yovi), off- 
spring]. The influence of a previous husband on the 
children of a subsequent one through the same woman. 



TELEGRAPHER'S CRAMP 



877 



TEMPOSTABILE 



telegrapher's cramp. See occupation-neurosis. 

telekinesis {tel-ek-in-e' -sis) [rrjXe, afar; kLvt)<tis, 
movement]. The power claimed by certain persons 
of causing objects to move without touching them. 

telelectrotherapeutics {tel-e-lek-tro-ther-ap-u'-tiks) 
[rrjXe, afar; electrotherapeutics]. The treatment of 
hysterical paralysis by a series of electric discharges 
near the patient without actual contact. 

telencephal {tel-en' -se-fal) . Telencephalon. 

telencephalon (tel-en-sef'-al-on). The end-brain, 
a part of the prosencephalon, q. v. 

teleneurite {tel-e-nii'-rtt) freXos, end; vevpop, nerve]. 
One of the terminal filaments of the main stem of an 
axis-cylinder process. 

teleneuron {tel-e-nu'-ron) [see teleneurite]. The 
neuron forming the terminus of an impulse in a 
physiological act involving the nervous system. 

teleologic {tel-e-o-loj'-ik) [rkXeos, complete; Xbyos, 
treatise]. Relating to the final cause of things. 

teleology (tel-e-ol'-o-je) [reXeos, complete; Xoyos, 
treatise]. The doctrine of final causes. 

teleorganic (tel-e-or-gan'-ik) [rkXeos, complete; 
organic]. Necessary to organic life. 

teleotherapeutics {tel-e-o-ther-ap-u'-tiks) [rrjXe, 
afar; therapeutics]. Suggestive therapeutics. 

telepathist {tel-ep' -ath-ist) [rjjXe, afar; iraBos, 
disease]. One who is versed in telepathy. 

telepathy (te-lep'-ath-e) [rijXe, afar; ttoBos, disease]. 
The action, real or supposed, of one mind upon 
another when the two persons are separated by a 
considerable distance; thought-transference. 

telephic {tel-ef'-ik). Malignant; incurable; relating 
to a telephium. 

telephium {tel-ef -e-um) [Telephus, son of Hercules, 
whose wound received from Achilles did not heal]. 
An old inveterate ulcer. 

teleradiography {tel-e-ra-di-og'-ra-fe) [rrjXe, afar; 
radiography]. Radiography with the tube held at a 
distance of about six feet from the body. 

telesthesia, telaesthesia (tel-es-the'-ze-ah) [rrjXe, 
afar; ato-Oriais, sensibility]. Distant perception; a 
perception of objects or conditions independently of 
the recognized channels of sense. 

telesystolic {tel-e-sis-tol'-ik) [7-eXos, end; systole]. 
Pertaining to the last phase of systole. 

teletherapy {tel-e-ther'-ap-e) [rrjXe, afar; therapy]. 
Absent treatment. 

tellicherry bark. The bark of Wrightia zeylanica ; 
it is used in dysentery. 

tellurate {teV -u-rat) . A salt of telluric acid. 

telluric {tel-lu'-rik) [tellus, earth]. 1. Derived 
from the earth. 2. Relating to tellurium, t. acid, 
an acid, H2Te04, whose salts are known as tellurates. 

tellurism {teV -u-rizm) [see telluric]. Telluric 
miasm; influence of the soil as a cause of disease. 

tellurium {tel-u'-re-um) [see telluric], A non- 
metallic element of bluish-white color, having a 
specific gravity of 6.23, a quantivalence of two or six, 
an atomic weight of 127.5. Symbol Te. 

Tellyesniczky's fluid {tel-yes-nits'-ke) [Kalman 
Tellyesniczky, Hungarian histologist]. A 3 per cent, 
solution of potassium bichromate in water; to which 
5 per cent, glacial acetic acid is added just before use. 
It is used as a hardening fluid. 

teloblast {teV -o-blast) [reXos, end; /3Xatrr6s, germ]. 
A segmentation-sphere at the extremity of the germ- 
band, which becomes elongated by cells arising from 
the mesoblast. 

teloblastic (iel-o-blas'-tik) [teloblast]. Pertaining 
to a teloblast. 

telodendron {tel-o-den'-dron) [reXos, end; dkvbpov, 
tree]. The terminal arborization of an axis-cylinder 
process. 

telokinesis (tel-o-kin-e'-sis). See telophase. 

telolecithal {tel-o-les' -ith-al) [reXos, end; XkiaOos, 
yolk]. Of an ovum, having a relatively large mass 
of food-yolk placed eccentrically. 

telolemma {iel-o-lem'-ah) [rkXos, end; Xtfi/xa, husk]. 
The membrane covering the eminence of Doyere, 
or the point of entrance of a motor nerve into a 
muscular fiber. 

telophase (lel'-o-fdz) [reXoy, end; 0d<n.s, an appear- 
ance]. The final phase of any process, as that of 
karyokinesis. 

telosporidia (tel-o-spo-rid'-e-ah) [rkXos, end; Spor- 
idia]. A class of sporozoa which end their individual 
existence at the stage of spore formation. 

telosynapsis (lel-o-sin-ap'-sis) [rrjXe, afar; synapsis]. 
The union of chromosomes end to end. 

temper {tern' -per). To make metals hard and 



elastic by heating them and then suddenly cooling 
them. 

temperament {tem'-per-am-ent) [L., temperamen- 
tum]. A term applied to mental disposition and 
physical constitution of an individual, as the bilious, 
lymphatic, nervous, and sanguine temperaments. 

temperance {tern' -per -ans) [temperantia]. Moder- 
ation in satisfying desire; especially as regards the 
use of alcoholic beverages. 

temperate {tern' -per -at) [temper atus, moderated]. 
Moderate, without excess, t. zone, the zone of 
climate situated between 30 and 70 . 

temperature {tern' -per-a-tur) [L., temper atur a]. 
The degree of intensity of heat of a body, especially 
as measured by a scale termed a thermometer, t., 
absolute, that reckoned from the absolute zero of 
temperature, estimated at — 273 C. t., critical, 
the temperature at which a gas can, by pressure, be 
reduced to a liquid, t., mean, the average tempera- 
ture of a place for a given period of time, t., normal, 
the temperature of the body in a state of health, 
i. e., 98.6 F. t., optimum, the temperature most 
favorable for the cultivation of microorganisms. 
t.-sense, the sense by which differences in tempera- 
ture are appreciated, consisting of a sense for cold 
{cryesthesia) and a heat-sense {thermoesthesia). 
These are represented on the surface by different 
nerve-endings, the so-called cold and hot points. 

temple {tern' -pi) [tempus, time]. The portion 
of the head behind the eye and above the ear. 

Templin oil {tem'-plin) [Templin, a town of 
Prussia]. Oil of pine-cones, from Pinus pumilio; 
it resembles ordinary oil of turpentine. 

tempolabile {lem-po-la'-bil) [tempus, time; labilis, 
unstable]. Becoming changed in the course of time. 

temporal {tem'-po-ral) [temple]. 1. Pertaining to 
the temple, as the temporal bone, the temporal 
artery. 2. Pertaining to time. t. artery. See 
artery, t. bone. See bone. t. crest, a ridge on the 
frontal bone. t. diplopia. Same as homonymous 
diplopia, t. fossa. See fossa, t. muscle. See 
muscle, t. operculum. See postoperculum. t. ridge. 
See ridge. 

temporalis {tem-po-ra'-lis) [temporal]. The tem- 
poral muscle; see muscles, table of. 

temporary {tem'-po-ra-re) [temporarius, lasting but 
for a time]. Not permanent, t. stopping, a prepara- 
tion consisting principally of bleached gutta-percha, 
carbonate of calcium, and quartz, for filling teeth, 
t. teeth. See teeth. 

temporen {tem'-po-ren) [tempora, the temples]. 
Belonging to the temporal bone in itself. 

temporization {tem-po-ri-za'-shun) [tempus, time].. 
The expectant treatment of disease. 

temporo- {tem-po-ro-) [temple]. A prefix denoting: 
pertaining to the temple. 

temporoauricular {tem-po-ro-aw-rik'-u-lar) [tem- 
poro-; auricular]. Pertaining to the temporal and 
auricular regions of the head. 

temporofacial {tem-po-ro-fa'-shal) [temporo-; fades, 
face]. 1. Pertaining to the temple and the face. 
2. The larger of the main branches of the facial nerve. 

temporohyoid {tem-po-ro-hi'-oid) [temporo-; hyoid]. 
Pertaining to the temporal and hyoid bones or regions. 

temporomalar Qem-po-ro-ma'-lar) [temporo-; mala, 
cheek]. Pertaining to the temporal and malar bones, 
or to the temple and cheek. 

temporomandibular {tem-po-ro-man~dib' '-il-lar) 

[temporo-; mandible]. Pertaining to the temporal 
bone and the mandible. 

temporomastoid {tem-po-ro-mas' -toid) [temporo- ; 
mastoid]. Pertaining to the temporal and mastoid 
regions of the skull. 

temporomaxillary {tem-po-ro-maks'-il-a-re) [tem- 
poro-; maxilla]. 1. Pertaining to the temporal re- 
gion and the upper jaw. 2. Temporomandibular. 

temporo-occipital {tem-por-o-ok-sip'-it-al) [temporo-; 
occiput]. Pertaining to the temporal and occipital 
bones or regions. 

temporoparietal {tem-po-ro-par-V -et-al) [temporo-; 
paries, wall]. 1. Pertaining to the temporal and 
parietal bones. 2. Pertaining to the temporal and 
parietal lobes of the brain. 

temporosphenoid {tem-po-ro-sfe' -noid) [temporo- ; 
sphenoid]. Pertaining to, or in relation with, the 
temporal and sphenoid bones. 

temporozygomatic {tem-po-ro-zi-go-mal'-ik). Re- 
lating to the temporal and zygomatic bones or 
regions. 

tempostabile {tem-po-sta'-btl) [tempus, time; slabilis, 



TEMULENCE 



878 



TENOTOMIST 



stable]. Not undergoing spontaneous change in the 
course of time. 

temulence (tem'-ii-lens) [temulentia, inebriety]. 
Inebriety; drunkenness. 

temulentia (tem-u-len'-she-ah) . See temulence. 

temulin (tem'-u-lin). The narcotic principle of 
Lolium temulentum. 

tenacious (te-na'-shus) [tenax, tough]. Tough; 
cohesive. 

tenacity (te-nas'-it-e) [tenacitas]. Toughness. 

tenaculum (ten-ak'-u-lum) [tenere, to hold], A 
hook-shaped instrument for seizing and holding parts. 

tenalgia (ten-al'-je-ah) [rkvov, tendon; 0X705, pain]. 
See tenodynia, t. crepitans. See tendosynovitis. 

tenalgin (ten-al'-jin). A proprietary teniafuge 
prepared from the areca-nut. 

tenalin (ten'-al-in). A teniafuge from areca-nut, 
with the toxic principle arecolin eliminated as far as 
possible. 

tenax (te'-naks) [L.]. Trade name of oakum espe- 
cially prepared for surgeons' use. 

tenderness (ten'-der-nes). The condition of ab- 
normal sensitiveness to touch; soreness. 

tendinitis (ten-din-i'-tis). See tenonitis. 

tendinoplasty (ten' -din-o-plas-te) [tendo-, a tendon; 
irkaocreiv, to form]. Plastic surgery of tendons. 

tendinosus (ten-din-o'-sus). The semitendinosus 
muscle; see muscles. 

tendinosuture (ten-din-o-su'-tur). See tenorrhaphy. 

tendinotrochanteric ligament (ten'-din-o-tro-kan- 
ter'-ik). A ligament extending from the capsular 
ligament of the hip-joint to the great trochanter of 
the femur. 

tendinous (ten'-din-us) [tendon]. Pertaining to or 
having the nature of tendon, t. spot, a deposit of 
fibrin on a serous membrane. 

tendo (ten'-do) [tendo, tendinis, a tendon; pi., 
tendines], A tendon, t. Achillis, the Achilles tendon 
or common tendon of the gastrocnemius and soleus 
muscles inserted into the heel. t. Achillis reflex. 
See reflexes, t. calcaneus. See t. Achillis. t. 
oculi, t. palpebrse. See ligament, palpebral, internal. 

tendomucoid (ten-do-mu'-koid). A mucin found 
in tendons. 

tendon [tender e, to stretch]. A band of dense 
fibrous tissue forming the termination of a muscle 
and attaching the latter to a bone, t., central, 
the aponeurosis in the center of the diaphragm. 
t., cordiform. See t., central, t., hamstring. See 
hamstring, t.-reflex, a reflex produced by stimu- 
lating the tendon of a muscle, t., reindeer, tendon 
from the neck of the reindeer; used as ligatures, 
t.-spindles. See corpuscles, Golgi's. t. of Zinn, the 
ligament of Zinn. 

tendophone (ten'-do-fon). See dermatophone. 

tendophony {ten-doff' -o-ne). See tenophony. 

tendoplasty (ten' ' -do-plas-te) . See tenoplasty. 

tendosynovitis (ten-do-si-no-vi'-tis). See teno- 
synovitis. 

tendotome (ten' -do-tom) . See tenotome. 

tendotomy (ten-dot' -o-me). See tenotomy. 

tendovaginal (ten-do-vaj'-in-al) [tendon; vagina, a 
sheath]. Relating to a tendon and its sheath. 

tendovaginitis (len-do-vaj-in-i'-tis) [tendon; vagina, 
sheath; wis, inflammation]. Inflammation of a 
tendon and its sheath; tenosynovitis, t. crepitans. 
See tenalgia crepitans, t. granulosa, tuberculosis of 
tendon sheaths, the sheaths being filled with granu- 
lation or fungous tissue. 

tenectomy (ten-ek'-to-me). See tenonectomy. 

tenesmic (ten-ez'-mik) [tenesmus]. Of the nature 
of, or affected with tenesmus. 

tenesmus (ten-ez'-mus) [reivew, to strain]. A 
straining, especially the painful straining to empty 
the bowels or bladder without the evacuation of 
feces or urine. 

tenia (te'-ne-ah) [taenia, tape-worm]. A tape- 
worm. See tape-worm; taenia, t.-toxin, the toxin 
produced by tape-worms and to which the patho- 
logical changes wrought in the intestine are partly due. 

teniacide (te'-ne-as-ld) [tenia; ccedere, to kill]. 
1. Destructive of tape-worms. 2. An agent that 
destroys tape-worms. 

teniafuge (te'-ne-af-uj) [tenia; fugare, to drive]. 
1. Expelling tape-worms. 2. An agent that expels 
tape-worms. 

tenial (te'-ne-aV). Pertaining to a tenia or taenia. 

teniasis (te-nV -as-is) [tenia]. The ensemble of 
symptoms resulting from the presence of tenia in 
the body. 



tenicide (te'-nis-id). See teniacide. 

tenide (ten' -id). A remedy for diabetes. 

tenifuge (ten'-if-uj). See teniafuge. 

tenioid (te'-ne-oid) [raivia, a band, ribbon; elSos, 
form]. Ribbon-like, or resembling a tape-worm. 

> teniola (ten-i'-o-lah) [L.]. A small ribbon, t. 
cinerea, a thin grayish ridge separating the striae of 
the fourth ventricle from the cochlear division of the 
acoustic nerve. 

teniophobia (te-ne-o-fo'-be-ah) [taenia, tape-worm; 
<£6j8os, dread]. Morbid dread of becoming the host of 
a tape- worm. 

Tennesson's acne. A disseminate variety of acne 
cornea. 

tennis-arm, tennis-elbow. A strain of the elbow, 
said to be frequent in tennis-players. 

tennysine (ten'-is-en). An alkaloid occurring in 
brain tissue. 

teno- (ten-o-) [rkvu>v, tendon]. A prefix meaning 
pertaining to a tendon. 

tenodynia (ten-o-din'-e-ah) [teno-; obvvq, pain]. 
Pain in a tendon. 

tenography (ten-og'-ra-fe). See tenontography. 

tenology (ten-ol'-o-je). See tenontology. 

tenomyotomy (ten-o-mi-ot'-o-me) [teno-; myotomy], 
Abadie's operation to enfeeble one of the recti mus- 
cles, consisting of incising the lateral parts of its 
tendon near its sclerotic insertion and removing a 
small portion of the muscle on each side. 

Tenon's capsule (Jacques Rene Tenon, French 
anatomist and surgeon, 1724-1816]. A fibroelastic 
membrane surrounding the eyeball. It is covered by 
a continuous layer of endothelial plates, and corre- 
sponds to a synovial sac. T.'s fascia. See Tenon's 
capsule. T.'s membrane. See Tenon's capsule. 
T.'s space, the lymph-space existing between the 
sclerotic and Tenon's capsule. 

tenonectomy (ten-on-ek'-to-me) [teno-; Urop.i), ex- 
cision]. Excision of a portion of a tendon. 

tenonitis (ten-on-i'-tis). 1. Inflammation of Ten- 
on's capsule. 2. Tenontitis. 

tenonometer (ten-on-om'-et-er) [teno-; \xkrpov, a 
measure]. An instrument for measuring the tension 
of the eyeball. 

tenonostosis (ten-on-os-to'-sis). See tenostosis. 

tenontagra (ten-on-ta'-grah) [teno-; ay pa, seizure]. 
Gout in the tendons. 

tenontitis (ten-on-ti'-tis) [teno-; ins, inflammation]. 
Inflammation of a tendon. 

tenontodynia (ten-on-to-din'-e-ah). See tenodynia. 

tenontography (ten-on-tog'-ra-fe) [teno-; ypcufteiv, to 
write]. The descriptive anatomy of the tendons. 

tenontolemmitis (ten-on-to-lem-i'-tis) [teno-; \knp.a, 
a limiting membrane; ins, inflammation]. See ten- 
osynovitis. 

tenontology (ten-on-tol'-o-je). See tenontography. 

tenontophyma (ten-on-to-fi'-mah) [teno-; <j>vfia, 
growth]. A tumor growing on a tendon, 

tenontophyte (ten-on' -to-ftt) [teno-; <f>vrov, plant]. 
A new formation upon a tendon. 

tenontoplasty. See tenoplasty. 

tenontothecitis (ten-on-to-the-si'-tis). See tenosyn- 
ovitis, t. prolifera calcarea, necrobiosis of the ten- 
dons in their sheaths accompanied by calcareous de- 
posit. 

tenophony (ten-of'-on-e) [teno-; (froovri, sound]. A 
sound elicited by auscultation supposed to be pro- 
duced by the chordae tendinae. 

tenophyte (ten'-o-fit) [teno-; <j>vt6v, a growth]. A 
bony or cartilaginous growth on a tendon. 

tenoplasty (ten' -o-plast-e) [teno-; ■n-'Kaaaeiv, to form]. 
Plastic surgery of a tendon. 

tenorrhaphy (ten-or'-a-fe) [teno-; pa<f>ri, suture]. 
The uniting of a divided tendon by sutures. 

tenositis (ten-o-si'-tis). See tenontitis. 

tenostosis (ten-os-to'-sis) [teno-; barkov, a bone]. 
Ossification of a tendon. 

tenosuture (ten-o-su'-tur). Same as tenorrhaphy. 

tenosynitis (ten-o-sin-i'-tis). Same as tenosyno- 
vitis. 

tenosynovitis (ten-o-sin-o-vi'-tis) [teno-; synovia; 
ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of a tendon and 
its sheath. 

tenotomania (ten-ot-o-ma'-ne-ah) [teno-; rofiri, 
cutting; navta, name]. A morbid desire to perform 
tenotomy. 

tenotome (ten'-o-tom) [teno-; Hnveiv, to cut]. A 
knife for performing tenotomy. 

tenotomist (ten-of -o-mist) . One skilled in ten- 
otomy. 



TENOTOMIZE 



879 



TERES 



tenotomize (ten-ot'-o-mlz) [teno-; rifwew, to cut]. 
To perform tenotomy. 

tenotomy {ten-of -o-me) [see tenotome]. The oper- 
ation of cutting a tendon, t., graduated, cutting a 
part of the fibers of the tendon of an ocular muscle 
for heterophoria or slight degrees of strabismus, t., 
tarsal, division of the peroneal tendon for the relief 
of spavin. 

tenovaginitis {ten-o-vaj-in-i'-tis) [teno-; vagina, 
sheath; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the 
sheath of a tendon. 

tension {ten' -shun) [tendere, to stretch], i. The 
act of stretching; the state of being stretched. 2. In 
electricity, the power of overcoming resistance, t., 
arterial, the strain in the arterial walls at the height 
of the pulse wave, t., elastic, stretching by means of 
an elastic material, t. of gases, the tendency of a gas 
to expand on account of the mutual repulsion of its 
molecules, t., intravenous, the strain of the blood 
current upon the walls of the veins, t., intraocular, 
the pressure of the ocular contents upon the sclerotic 
coat. It may be estimated by means of an instru- 
ment called a tonometer, or by palpation with the 
fingers, and is recorded by symbols as follows: Tn = 
normal tension; T +i,T +2,T +3, indicate vari- 
ous degrees of increased tension, and T — 1, T — 2, 
T — 3, corresponding degrees of decreased tension. 
t., muscular, the state of muscular contraction which 
occurs when muscles are passively stretched. 

tensity {ten'-sit-e) [see tension]. Tenseness, the 
condition of being stretched. 

tensive {ten'-siv) . Giving the sensation of stretch- 
ing or contraction. 

tensor {ten'-sor) [see tension]. A stretcher; a mus- 
cle that serves to make a part tense. See under 
muscle. 

tensure {ten'-shur) . Tension, a stretching or strain- 
ing. 

tent (L., tenia]. A plug of soft material, as lint, 
gauze, or other material that increases in volume by 
the absorption of water; it is used chiefly for dilating 
an orifice and for keeping a wound open, t., lamin- 
aria, a tent made of sea-tangle, t., sponge, a tent 
made of compressed sponge, used for dilating the os 
uteri, t., tupelo, one made of the wood of the root 
of the water-tupelo. 

tentacle {ten'-tak-l) [tentare, to handle, touch, feel]. 
In biology, loosely applied to any slender, tactile or 
prehensile organ, as a feeler, horn, proboscis, antenna, 
vibrissa, ray, or arm. 

tentacula {ten-tak' -u-lah) . Same as tentacle. 

tentaculate {ten-tak' -u-lat). Having tentacles. 

tentative {ten' -ta-tiv) [tentare, to try; to prove]. 
Empirical; experimental. 

tenth cranial nerve. The pneumogastric or vagus 
nerve. 

tentiginous {ten-tij' -in-us) [lentigo, lust]. Char- 
acterized by insane lust. 

tentigo {ten-ti'-go) [L.]. Lust, satyriasis, t. prava. 
Synonym of lupus, t. venerea. Synonym of nym- 
phomania. 

tentorial {ten-to'-re-al) [tentorium]. Pertaining to 
the tentorium, t. sinus, the straight sinus. 

tentorium, t. cerebelli {ten-to'-re-um) [L., a tent]. 
The partition between the cerebrum and the cere- 
bellum formed by an extension of the dura mater. 
t. of the hypophysis, the process of the dura mater 
covering the hypophysis cerebri; the diaphragma 
sellae. 

tentum {ten' -turn) [tendere, to stretch]. The penis. 

tenuate {ten'-u-dt) [tenuis, thin]. To make thin. 

tenuis {ten'-u-is) [L.]. Slender, thin. t. mater, 
same as pia mater. 

tenuity {ten-u' -it-e) . Thinness; the condition of 
being thin. 

tenuous {ten'-u-us). Thin; minute. 

tephromyelitis {tef-ro-mi-el-i'-tis) [re^pos, ash-col- 
ored; myelitis]. See poliomyelitis. 

tephrosis {tef-ro'-sis) [r&ppa, ashes]. Incineration; 
cremation. 

tephrylometer {lef-ril-om'-et-er) [rbppa, ashes; 
fikrpov, measure]. A graduated glass tube for meas- 
uring the thickness of the gray matter of the brain 
by means of the segment or core removed. 

tepid {tep'-id) [tepidus, warm]. About blood-heat. 

tepidarium {tep-id-a'-re-um) [tepid]. A warm bath. 

tepopote {tep-o-po'-la). The twigs of Ephedra 
antisyphilitica; used in venereal diseases. 

tepor {tep'-or) [L.]. Warmth; moderate heat. 

ter [L., "three times"]. A common prefix meaning 



three, or threefold, t. in die, three times a day; 
abbreviated to t. i. d. 

terabdella {ter^ab-del'-ah) [rephv, to bore, /35eXXa, a 
leech]. An artificial leech. 

teramorphous {ter-ah-mor' -jus) [teras; uop4>y, form]. 
Of the nature of a monstrosity. 

teras {te'-ras) [repas, a monster; fl., terata]. A 
monster. 

teratic {ter-at'-ik) [teras]. Monstrous. 

teratism {ter'-at-izm) [teras]. An anomaly of con- 
formation, congenital or acquired, t., acquired, de- 
formity which is the result of disease, violence, or 
operation, t., atresic, deformity, in which the natu- 
ral openings are occluded, t., casemic, deformity in 
which parts which should be united remain in their 
primitive, fissured state, t., ectogenic, one in which 
certain parts of the body are absent or defective, t., 
, ectopic, one in which there is displacement of one or 
more parts, t., hermaphroditic, one in which the 
organs of both sexes exist, t., hypergenetic, one in 
which certain organs are disproportionately large. 
t., symphysic, one in which certain organs or parts 
are abnormally fused. 

teratoblastoma {ter-at-o-blas-to'-mah) [teras; fi\aa- 
tos, germ; -op,a, tumor]. Same as teratoma. 

teratogenesis {ter-at-o-jen'-es-is). Same as tera- 
togeny. 

teratogeny {ter-at-oj'-en-e) [teras; yewav, to beget]. 
The formation or bringing forth of monsters. 

teratoid {ter'-at-oid) [teras; d8os, like]. Resembling 
a monster, t. tumor, a complex tumor due to the 
growth of tissue embryologically misplaced. 

teratological {ter-at-o-loj'-ik-al) . Pertaining to ter- 
atology. 

teratology {ter-at-oV -o-je) [teras; \6yos, science]. 
The science of malformations and monstrosities. 

teratoma {ter-at-o'-mah) [teras; 5fia, tumor: pi., 
teratomata]. A tumor containing teeth, hair, and 
other material not found in the part wherein it grows, 
and resulting from an embryonic misplacement of 
tissue or from the inclosure of parts of a rudimentary 
fetus. 

teratomatous {ter-at-o' -mat-us) [teratoma]. Of the 
nature of, or resembling a teratoma. 

teratophobia {ter-at-o-fo' -be-ah) [teras; <j>6(ios, dread]. 
1. Morbid fear of monsters or of deformed or peculiar 
individuals. 2. Morbid dread, on the part of a 
pregnant woman, of giving birth to a teratism. 

teratosis {ter-at-o' -sis) [teras]. 1. A congenital de- 
formity. 2. Also used as a synonym of teratism. 

terbasic {ter-ba'-sik). Synonym of tribasic. 

terbium {tur'-be-um) [Ytterby, in Sweden]. A rare 
metallic element, symbol Tb. See elements, table of. 

terchloride {ter-klo'-tld) [ter, three; chloride]. Syn- 
onym of trichloride. 

tere {te'-re). Latin for rub. 

terebene {ter'-eb-en) [repkftivdos, terebinth tree]. 
Terebenum (U. S. P.), C10H16. A hydrocarbon obtain- 
ed by the oxidation of oil of turpentine by means of 
sulphuric acid. It is soluble in alcohol, and is used in 
bronchitis, dyspepsia, and diseases of the genito- 
urinary tract. Dose 5-10 min. (0.32-0.65 Cc). t. 
glycerol, a mixture of terebene, 4 parts; glycerol, 7 
parts; and water, 1 part, shaken together and exposed 
until the separated glycerol remains turbid when al- 
lowed to stand. It is used as an application to puru- 
lent wounds. 

terebenthene {ter-e-ben' -then) . Oil of turpentine. 

terebinth {ter' -e-binth) [see terebene]. 1. The tur- 
pentine-tree, Pistacia terebinthus, which yields Chian 
turpentine. 2. Turpentine. 

terebinthina {ter-eb-in' -thin-ah) . See turpentine. 

terebinthinate {ter-eb-in' -thin-dt) [see terebene]. 1. 
Containing turpentine. 2. A member or derivative 
of the turpentine group. 

terebinthinism {ter-e-bin'-thin-izm). Poisoning 
with oil of turpentine. 

terebinthinize {ter-e-bin'-thin-iz). To charge with 
turpentine. 

terebrachesis {te-re-brak-e'-sis) [teres, round; /3pdx- 
w, short]. The operation of shortening the round 
ligament of the uterus. 

terebrant, terebrating {ler'-e-brant, ter'-e-bra-ting) 
[terebrare, to bore]. Piercing, boring, said of pain. 

terebration {ter-eb-ra'-shun) [see terebrant]. The 
operation of boring. 

teremorrhu {ter-e-mor'-u) [terebene; morrhua, the 
cod]. A proprietary preparation of pure terebene 
and cod-liver oil. 

teres {te'-rez) [L., round; gen., leretis; pi., ter-- 



TERETE 



880 



TESTICLE 



tes]. i. Round, as the ligamentum teres. 2. A muscle 
having a cylindrical shape, as teres major, teres minor. 
See under muscle. 

terete (ter-et') [teres]. Cylindrical, t. eminence, a 
slight thickening of the funiculus teres on the floor 
of the fourth ventricle, t. funicle. See funiculus 
teres. 

teretipronator (te-re-te-pro-na'-tor). The pronator 
radii teres muscle. See muscles. 

teretiscapularis (te-re-te-skap'-u-la-ris). The teres 
major muscle. See muscles. 

ter in die [L.|. Three times daily; generally 
abbreviated to t. i. d. 

tergal (ter'-gal) [tergum, back]. Pertaining to the 
back, or dorsal surface or aspect. 

tergolateral (ter-go-lat'-er-al) [tergum, back; latus, 
side]. Pertaining to the back and the side. 

term [repfia, a limit]. A limit; the time during 
which anything lasts. The time Of expected delivery. 
The menses. 

terma (ter'-mah) [see term]. The layer of gray mat- 
ter between the corpus callosum and the optic com- 
missure ; the lamina terminalis or lamina cinerea of the 
brain. 

termatic (ter-mat'-ik) [rkptia, limit]. Pertaining to 
the terma; as the termatic artery. 

terminad (ter'-min-ad) [see term]. Situated in or 
toward the terminus. 

terminal (ter'-min-al) [see term]. Pertaining to the 
end; placed at or forming the end. In the plural, a 
name sometimes applied to the poles of a battery or 
other electric source, or to the ends of the conductors 
or wires connected thereto, t. artery. See artery. 
t. carbon atoms, those combined with three hydrogen 
atoms, t. genital corpuscles, the round dilatations 
terminating the nerves in the dermis covering the 
extremity of the penis in horses, t. infection, an 
infection occurring late in the course of another 
disease and often causing the death of the patient. 
t. neuritis. See erythromelalgia. 

terminology (ter-min-ol'-o-je) [terminus, a name, 
term; \6yos, science]. Nomenclature; a system of 
technical names or terms. 

terms (Jtermz). The menses. 

ternary (ter'-na-re) [ter, three times]. Of chemical 
compounds, made up of three elements or radicals. 

ternitrate (ter'-ni-trat). See trinitrate. 

teroxide (ter-oks'-id) [ter, three; oxide]. A trioxide. 

terpene (ter'-pen) [a modified form of terebene]. 
One of a number of hydrocarbons having the formula 
C10H16, and contained in many volatile oils. t. hy- 
drochloride, artificial camphor, QoHie . HC1; obtained 
from dry pinene by the action of dry chlorine in the 
cold. It is used as an internal antiseptic in tuber- 
culosis and to check the flow of saliva; externally, it 
is used with phenol in skin diseases, t. iodide. See 
iodoterpin. 

terpenism (ter' -pen-izm) . Poisoning by terpene 
from internal use or inhalation; marked by abdom- 
inal pain, vomiting, inflammation of bladder and kid- 
neys, bronchitis, paroxysms of asphyxia, and collapse. 
The urine has the odor of violets. 

terpin {ter' -pin), CioHi6(H 2 0)2H20. A diatomic 
alcohol obtained from turpentine; used in bronchial 
and pulmonary diseases to facilitate expectoration. 
t. hydrate (terpini hydras, U. S. P.), C10H20O2+H2O, 
a colorless, crystalline substance used as an expector- 
ant and diuretic. Dose as expectorant 3-6 gr. (0.2- 
0.4 Gm.); diuretic, 10-15 gr. (0.65-1.0 Gm.) several 
times daily. 

terpineol (ter-pin'-e-ol) [terpin; oleum, oil], C10H17- 
OH. A viscous liquid obtained by heating terpin 
hydrate with phosphoric acid ; used as is terpin. 

terpini hydras (ter-pi'-ni). Terpin hydrate. 

terpinol (ter'-pin-ol). An oily liquid obtained by 
the action of dilute mineral acids on terpin hydrate 
with heat; soluble in alcohol or ether. It is used as a 
bronchial stimulant, antiseptic, and diuretic. Dose 
8-15 m. 

terra {ter'-ah) [L.: gen., and pi., terrce]. Earth. 
t. adamica, any red bole, as Armenian bole. t. alba, 
white clay. t. cariosa, rotten-stone, t. foliata, sul- 
phur, t. foliata mineralis, impure sodium carbonate. 
t. foliata tartari, potassium acetate, t. fullonica, 
fuller's earth, t. fullonum, fuller's earth, t. japon- 
ica, catechu, t. livonica, a very astringent sealed 
earth from Livonia, t. miraculosa Saxoniae, Saxony 
earth, a mottled and variegated lithomarge or marrow 
stone, t. oriana, t. orleana, annotto. t. ponderosa, 
baryta or barium sulphate, t. disienna, same as 



ocher. t. sigillata, a sealed earth; any bole so highly 
valued as to be formed into a small mass and stamped 
with a seal. t. sigillata alba, white bole. t. sigillata 
rubra, red bole. t. umbra, umber. 

terracing a suture. A term indicating the closure 
of a wound by means of the insertion of successive 
tiers of sutures. 

terrain-cure (ter-an(g)-kur) [Fr.]. A method of 
treatment consisting in mountain-climbing, dietetics, 
etc., for plethora, corpulence, neurasthenia, chlorosis, 
incipient pulmonary tuberculosis, etc. 

terralin (ler'-al-in). An ointment-vehicle con- 
sisting of calcined magnesia, kaolin, silica, glycerol, 
and an antiseptic. It can be readily removed from 
the skin by water. 

terraline (ter'-al-in) [terra, earth]. A proprietary 
preparation of petroleum, recommended as a sub- 
stitute for cod-liver oil. 

terrol (ter'-ol). A mixture of hydrocarbons of the 
paraffin series, offered as a substitute for cod-liver oil. 

terroline (ter'-ol-en). A variety of petroleum-jelly. 

tersulphate (ter-sul'-fat) [ter, thrice; sulphate]. A 
salt in which the base is united with three sulphuric 
acid radicals. 

tersulphide (ter-sul'-fld). See trisulphide. 

tertian {ter' -she-an) [tertius, third}. Recurring 
every other day, as tertian fever, a form of intermit- 
tent fever, t., double, quotidian. 

tertiarism iter' -she-ar-izm) . Tertiary syphilis. 

tertiary (ter'-she-a-re) [tertian]. Third in order. 
t. alcohol, an alcohol which contains the trivalent 
group COH. t. syphilis. See under syphilis. 

tertipara (ter-tip'-a-rah) [ter, three times; par ere, to 
bear]. A woman who has been in labor three times. 

tervalence {ter-va'-lens). Synonym of trivalence. 

tescalama (tes-kal-am'-ah). The milky juice of 
Ficus nymphceifolia, a tree of Mexico and South 
America. It is used in plasters. 

Tesla currents (tes'-lah) [Nikola Tesla, electrician, 
1857- ]• Rapidly alternating electric currents of 
high tension; they were applied therapeutically by 
d'Arsonval. 

teslaization (tes-lah-iz-a'-shun). The therapeutic 
application of Tesla currents. Syn., arsonvalization. 

tessellated (tes'-el-a-ted) [tessellatus, from tessella, a 
small square stone], t. epithelium, flattened epithel- 
ial cells joined at their edges. 

test [testum, a crucible]. 1. A trial. In chemistry, 
a characteristic reaction which distinguishes one body 
from others. 2. The reagent for producing a special 
reaction, t. breakfast. See test-meal. t. glass, a 
small glass vessel, used in the chemical laboratory for 
purposes of experimentation and investigation, t.- 
meal, one given for the purpose of studying the secre- 
tory power of the stomach, t.-paper, paper impreg- 
nated with a chemical reagent, and used for detecting 
the presence of certain substances or conditions which 
cause a change in the color of the paper, t. solution. 
See standard solution, t.-spoon, a small spoon with a 
spatula-shaped handle used in chemical experiments. 
t.-tube, a cylinder of thin glass closed at one end, used 
in various chemical procedures, t.-types, letters or 
figures of different sizes to test acuteness of vision. 
Those most commonly employed are Snellen's test- 
types, a series of letters which at proper distances 
subtend an angle of five minutes. 

testa (tes'-tah) [L.]. A shell, t. ovi, egg-shell, t. 
praeparata, crushed and powdered oyster-shell. 

testaceous (tes-ta-shus) [testa, a shell]. Pertaining 
to a shell. 

testaden (tes' -tad-en). A preparation from the 
testes of the bull. Used in affections of the spinal 
cord and in nervous troubles. Dose 92-123 gr. (6-8 
Gm.) daily. 

testectomy (tes-tek' -to-me) [testis, testicle; i/crow, 
excision]. Orchidectomy, castration. 

testes (test'-ez) [pi., of testis]i See testicle, and 
testis, t. of brain, see corpora quadrigemina. t., 
female, the ovaries, t. muliebres, the ovaries. 

testibrachial (les-te-bra'-ke-al) [testis; brachium, 
arm]. Pertaining to the testibrachium. 

testibrachium (tes-te-bra'-ke-um) [testis; brachium, 
arm]. The process connecting the cerebellum with 
the testes of the brain; the superior peduncle of the 
cerebellum. 

testicle (Jtes'-tik-l) [testiculus, dim. of testis]. See 
testis (1). t., displaced, a testicle in an abnormal 
situation, as in the pelvic cavity, t., inverted, a 
testicle which is so placed in the scrotum that the 
epididymis is attached to the anterior part of the 



TESTICOND 



881 



TETRACHLORMETHANE: 



gland, t., irritable, neuralgia of the testicle, t., 
pulpy, medullary sarcoma of the testicle, t., scrofu- 
lous. Synonym of tuberculous orchitis, t., swelled. 
Synonym of epididymitis, t., syphilitic. Synonym 
of syphilitic orchitis, t., undescended, the condition 
in which a testicle remains either in the pelvis or in 
the inguinal canal. 

testicond (tes'-tik-ond) [testis; condere, to hide]. 
Having the testes undescended. 

testicular (tes-tik'-u-lar) [testicle]. Pertaining to 
the testicle, t. fluid, the semen, t. juice, a juice 
extracted from the testicles of animals, and used in 
the treatment of various nervous conditions, t. 
therapy, the therapeutic employment of an extract 
from the testicles. See organotherapy, t. cord, the 
spermatic cord. 

testiculin (tes-tik'-u-lin). Trade name of a prep- 
aration derived from the testicles of animals. 

testiculus (tes-tik'-u-lus) [L.: gen., and pi., testic- 
uli]. A testicle. 

testidin (tes' '-lid-in) . An alcoholic extract prepared 
from the testes of the bull. 

testin, testine {tes' -tin). A sterilized extract of the 
testes of the ram; used in nervous debility, impair- 
ment, etc. 

testis (test'-is) [L.; pi., testes], i. One of the two 
glandular bodies in the scrotum thatsecrete the semen. 
2. One of the posterior pair of tubercles of the corpora 
quadrigemina. t., caput, the epididymus. t., des- 
cent of, the passage of the testes through the inguinal 
canal into the scrotum, t. muliebris, the ovary, t. 
virilis, the testicle. 

testitis (tes-ti'-tis). See orchitis. 
test-meal. See under test. 

testudo (tes-tu'-do) [L., a tortoise-shell]. A figure- 
of-eight bandage about an articulation, the turns 
crossing on the flexor surface and the spirals over- 
lapping, so as to cover the extensor surface of the joint, 
tetania (te-ta r -ne-ah) [L.]. Tetany, t. epidemica, 
same as t. rheumatica. t. gravidarium, tetany in 
pregnant women, t. parathyreopriva, tetany fol- 
lowing removal of the parathyroid glands, t. rheu- 
matica, an epidemic form of tetany, generally occur- 
ring in winter. 

tetanic (tet-an'-ik) [tetanus], i. Pertaining to or 
resembling tetanus. 2. Producing tetanus. 

tetaniform (iet-an' -e-jorm) [tetanus; forma, form]. 
Resembling tetanus. 

tetanigenous (tet-an-ij'-en-us) (tetanus; ytwav, to 
produce]. Productive of tetanus or tetanic spams. 
tetanilla (tet-an-il'-ah) [tetanus]. Tetany. 
tetanin (tet'-an-in) [tetanus], C14H30N2O4. A pto- 
maine obtained from cultures of the bacillus of tet- 
anus in beef-broth and from the tissues of patients 
suffering from tetanus. It produces symptoms of 
tetanus in the lower animals. 

tetanism (tet'-an-izm). A more or less continuous 
hypertonicity of muscle. 

tetanium (tet-an'-e-um). Synonym of strychnine. 

tetanization (tet-an-i-za' -shun) [tetanus]. 1. The 

production of tetanus or of tetanic spasms. 2. The 

induction of a protracted contraction in a nerve by 

an electric current. 

tetano- (tet-an-o-) [tetanus]. A prefix meaning 
relating to tetanus. 

tetanocannabin (tet-an-o-kan'-ab-in) [tetano; can- 
nabis]. A basic substance found in some samples of 
cannabis, or hemp. Its action on the system resem- 
bles that of strychnine. 

tetanode (tet'-an-od). Pertaining to the quiescent 
interval in tetanus, between the tonic spasms. 

tetanoid (tet'-an-oid) [tetano-; eI5os, resemblance]. 
Resembling tetanus, t. fever, cerebrospinal menin- 
gitis, t. paraplegia, spastic paraplegia. 

tetanolysin (iet-an-oV -is-in) [tetano-; \veiv, to loosen]. 
The hemolytic toxin of tetanus. 

tetanometer (tet-an-om'-et-er) [tetano-; pkrpov, 
measure]. An instrument for measuring tetanic 
spasms. 

tetanomotor (tet-an-o-mo'-tor) [tetano-; motor, a 
mover]. An instrument for stimulating a nerve 
mechanically and producing tetanus of the supplied 
muscle. 

tetanospasmin (tet-an-o-spaz'-min). A toxin pro- 
duced by the tetanus bacillus to which tetanic con- 
vulsions are due. 

tetanotoxin (tet-an-o-loks'-in) [tetano-; to^ikw, poi- 
son]; C5H11N. A poisonous ptomaine obtained from 
cultures of the bacillus of tetanus. It produces 
tremor, then paralysis and violent convulsions. 



tetanus (tet'-an-us) [rkravos, from reivetv, to stretch]. 

1. An infectious disease characterized by tonic spasm 
of the voluntary muscles, an intense exaggeration of 
reflex activity, and peculiar convulsions. It is due 
to the bacillus of tetanus. The poison may enter 
through a wound (traumatic tetanus); at times no 
point of entrance is discoverable (idiopathic tetanus). 

2. A tense, contracted state of a muscle, especially 
when caused experimentally. t., acoustic. See 
acoustic, t. antitoxin. See under antitoxin, t., 
artificial, that produced by a drug, t., cephalic, t., 
cerebral, t., kopf-, a special form of tetanus that has 
sometimes been observed to follow injuries of the 
head, especially those in the neighborhood of the eye- 
brow, trismus and facial paralysis occur upon the side 
of the injury, there is dysphagia, and death frequently 
results, t. dolorificus, synonym of cramp, t., ex- 
tensor, a form of tetanus in which the extensors act 
more powerfully than the flexors, t., hydrophobic, 
tetanus characterized by violent spasm of the mus- 
cles of the throat, t., imitative, hysteria which sim- 
ulates tetanus, t. infantum. See t. neonatorum. t.» 
idiopathic, tetanus in which there is no history of 
injury, t., localized, tetanic spasm of a part. t. 
neonatorum, that due to infection of the umbilicus 
or the circumcision-wound, t., postoperative, that 
following operation, t., puerperal, that following 
labor, t., remittent. See tetanilla. t., Ritter's, the 
series of contractions, or apparent tetanus, observed 
on the opening or interrupting of an electric current 
which has been passing through the nerve for some 
time; opening tetanus, t., toxic, tetanus produced 
by an overdose of nux vomica or its alkaloids, t., 
traumatic, tetanus following an injury, t., Wundt's, 
a prolonged tetanic contraction induced in a frog's 
muscle by injury or the passage of a strong current. 

tetany (tet'-an-e) [tetanus]. A disease character- 
ized by intermittent, bilateral, painful, tonic spasms 
of the muscles, especially of the upper extremities. 
It is most common in young adults, but may occur 
in others. The cause appears to be a toxic agent. It 
occurs in connection with typhoid fever, gastrointes- 
tinal inflammation, in rickets, dilatation of the stom- 
ach, and after extirpation of the thyroid or parathy- 
roid glands, t., duration, a continuous tetanic spasm 
occurring in degenerated muscles when a strong con- 
tinuous current is applied, t., epidemic, t., rheu- 
matic, a form occurring over large portions of Eu- 
rope, especially in the winter season. It is acute, 
lasting only two or three weeks, and rarely proving 
fatal, t., gutturo-, a stammering due to tetanoid 
spasm of the laryngeal muscles, t., parathyreoprival,. 
tetany following removal of the parathyroid glands, 
t. rheumatic. See t., epidemic, t., thyreoprival, a 
form following removal of or suspension of the func- 
tion of the thyroid gland. 

tetarelle (ta-tar-eV) [Fr., titer, to suck]. An ap- 
pliance for enabling a weakly infant to obtain milk 
from its mother. It consists of a nipple shield and 
two tubes; the mother sucks one of the latter, and the 
milk flows to the infant's mouth through the other. 

tetartocone (tet-ar'-lo-kon) [rerapros, fourth; k&vos, 
cone]. Posterointernal cone; the fourth or posteroin- 
ternal cusp of an upper molar tooth. 

tetartoconid (tet-ar-to-kon'-id) [tetartocone]. Pos- 
terointernal or fourth cone of the lower molar teeth.. 

tetmil (tet'-mil). Ten millimeters. 

tetra- (tet-rah-) [rerpa, four]. A prefix meaning 
four. 

tetra-allylammonium-alum (tet-rah-al-il-am-o-n e- 
um-al'-um), NCCsHs^.AUCSO^s + 12H2O. A uric- 
acid solvent. 

tetrabasic (tet-rah-ba'-sik) [tetra-; /3d<rij, base]. 
Having four atoms of replaceable hydrogen. 

tetrablastic (tet-rah-blas'-tik) [tetra-; pXaarros, a 
germ]. Having four germ-layers, namely an ecto- 
derm, entoderm, somatopleure, and a splanchno- 
pleure. 

tetraboric acid (tet-rah-bo'-rik). See acid, tetraboric. 

tetrabrachius (tet-rah-bra'-ke-us) [tetra-; /SpaxiW, 
arm]. A monster having four arms. 

tetracetate (tet-ras'-et-at). A combination of a base 
with four molecules of acetic acid. 

tetracheirus (tet-rah-ki'-rus) [tetra-; x«'P. hand]. 
A monster with four hands. 

tetrachloride, tetrachlorid (tet-rah-klo'-rid) [tetra-; 
chloride]. A binary compound consisting of an ele- 
ment or radical and four chlorine atoms. 

tetrachlormethane (tet-rah-klor-meth'-an). Carbon 
tetrachloride. 



TETRACID 



882 



THALAMOTEGMENTAL 



tetracid {tet-ras'-id) [tetra-; acid]. Having four 
atoms of hydrogen that are replaceable by acid 
radicals. 

tetracoccus (tet-rah-kok'-us) [tetra-; kokkos, berry]. 
A micrococcus occurring in groups of four. 

tetracrotic (tet-rah-krot'-ik) [tetra-; kpotos, a beat]. 
Same as katatricrotic. 

tetrad {tet'-rad) [rkrpa, four]. I. An element hav- 
ing an atomicity of four. 2. A group of four. 

tetradactyl (tet-rah-dak'-til) [tetra-; 5a.KTv\os, a 
finger, or toe]. Having four digits on each limb. 

tetraethylene iodide {tet-rah-eth'-il-en). See diio- 
doform. 

tetragenic (tet-raj-en'-ik). Pertaining to or pro- 
duced by the Micrococcus tetragenus. 

tetragenous {tet-raj'-en-us) [tetra-; yiyveadai, to be 
born]. In biology, applied to bacteria and other 
organisms which produce square groups of four as the 
result of fission. 

tetragon, tetragonum (tet'-rag-on, tet-rah-go'-num) 
[tetra-; yuvia, angle, corner]. A four-sided figure. 
tetragonum lumbale, an irregular, rhomboid space in 
the lumbar region beneath the aponeurosis of the 
latissimus dorsi, bounded externally by the dorsal 
margin of origin of the obliquus extemus muscle, in- 
ternally by the margin of the sacrospinalis, above by 
the serratus posticus inferior, and below by the upper 
margin of the obliquus internus. 

tetragonus (tet-rah-go'-nus) [tetra-; yuvla, angle, 
corner]. The platysma muscle. 

tetrahydric (tet-rah-hi'-drik) [tetra-; hydrogen]. 
Containing four replaceable atoms of hydrogen. 

tetrahydrobetanaphthylamine {tet-rah-hi-dro-ba-tan- 
naff-thil-am' -en) . See thermin. 

tetraiodoethylene {tet-rah-i-o-do-eth'-il-en). See 
diiodoform. 

tetraiodophenolphthalein {tet-rah-i-o-do-fe-nol-thaV- 
e-in) . Nosophen. 

tetraiodopyrrol {iei-trah-i-o-do-pir'-ol). See iodol. 

tetramastia (tet-rah-mas'-te-ah) [tetra-; naaros, 
breast]. Tetramazia. 

tetramastigote {tet-ram-as'-tig-ot) [tetra-; jid<m£, a 
whip]. In biology, applied to microorganisms having 
four nagella. 

tetramazia (tet-rah-ma'-ze-ah) [tetra-; p,a£6s, breast]. 
The presence of four breasts or mammary glands. 

tetramerism {tet-ram'-er-izm) [tetra-; nepos, part]. 
In biology, division into four parts. 

tetramethylenediamine {tet-rah-meth-il-en-di-am'- 
in), C4H 8 (NH 2 )2. Putrescine. 

tetramethylputrescine {tet-rah-meth-il-pu-tres' -in) , 
C8H20N2. A crystalline base derived from putres- 
cine, having very poisonous properties. 

tetranitrin, tetranitrol (tet-rah-ni'-trin, tet-rah-ni'- 
trol). See erythrol tetranitrate. 

tetranopsia {tel-ran-op'-se-ah) [tetra-; 6\pis, vision]. 
A contraction of the field of vision limited to one 
quadrant. 

tetra-ophthalmus, tetrophthalmus {tet-rah-off-thaV - 
mus, tet-roff-thal'-mus) [tetra-; 64>86lKhos, eye]. A form 
of monster having four eyes. See diprosopus. 

tetraotus, tetrotus (tet-rah-o'-tus, tet-ro'-tus) [tetra-; 
oZs, the ear]. A form of monster having four ears. 
See diprosopus. 

tetraplegia {tet-rah-ple' -je-ah) [tetra- ; ir\^yr), stroke]. 
Paralysis of all four extremities. 

tetrapus {tet'-rah-pus) [tetra-; irovs, foot]. 1. Hav- 
ing four feet. 2. A monster having four feet. 

tetrascelus {tet-ras'-el-us) [tetra-; c/ceXos, leg]. A 
monster having four legs. 

tetraschistic (tet-rah-skis'-tik) [tetra-; <rxi<m, divi- 
sion]. Dividing into four similar parts; tetragenous. 

tetraster {tet-ras'-ier) [tetra-; aaryjp, a star]. A 
karyokinetic figure characterized by an arrangement 
of four stars, due to a fourfold division of the nucleus. 

tetrastichiasis (tet-rah-stik-i'-as-is) [tetra-; arixos, a 
row]. Anomalous arrangement of the eyelashes in 
four rows. 

tetrastoma {tet-ras' -to-mah) [tetra-; arby-a, a mouth]. 
A genus of entozoa. 

tetratomic {tet-rat-om'-ik) [tetra-; atom]. 1. Con- 
taining four atoms. 2. Having four atoms of replace- 
able hydrogen. 

tetravalent {tet-rav'-al-ent). See quadrivalent. 

tetrelle {tet-rel'). See tetarelle. 

tetronal (tet'-ron-al) [rerpa, four], C9H20S2O4. Die- 
thylsulphondethylmethane, a hypnotic resembling 
sulphonal. Dose 10-20 gr. (0.65-1.13 Gm.). 

tetronerythrin {tet-ron-er' -ith-rin) [tetra-; ipvdpds, 
red]. A pigment found in some animals. 



tetrophthalmus {tet-roff-thal'-mus). See telraoph- 
thalmus. 

tetrotus {tet-ro'-tus). See tetraotus. 

tetroxide, tetroxid {tet-roks'-id) [tetra-; oxid]. A 
binary compound composed of a base and four atoms 
of oxygen. 

tetryl {tet'-ril). See butyl. 

tetter {tet'-er). A name for various skin eruptions, 
particularly herpes, eczema, and psoriasis, t., braw- 
ny, seborrhcea capitis, t., dry, dry or squamous 
eczema, t., humid. See eczema, t., milky. See 
crusta lactea. t., moist. See eczema, t., running, 
includes various forms of eczema, t., scaly, psoriasis 
and squamous eczema. 

tety {tet'-e). A skin disease found in Madagascar, 
and characterized by a pustular or squamous erup- 
tion in the neighborhood of the mouth and nostrils. 

teucrin {tu'-krin), 1.C21H24O11 or C21H26O11. A crys- 
talline glucoside from Teucrium fruticans. 2. A 
purified, sterilized aqueous extract of Teucrium scor- 
dium ; a pungent brown liquid used in the treatment 
of tuberculous abscesses to arrest development. Hy- 
podermic dose 50 min. (3 Cc.) ; locally 10 gr. (0.65 
Gm.) with lanolin once daily. 

Teucrium {tu-kre-um) [tcvkpiov, germander]. A 
genus of labiate plants, germander or spleenwort. 
T. chamaedrys, is used as an alterative. T. mari- 
timum, cat-thyme, has errhine and antispasmodic 
properties, and was formerly used in coughs and 
nervous affections. 

teutlose {tut' -Ids) [t&>t\ov, beet]. A sugar found 
in beetroot. 

tewfikose {til-fik'-os). A sugar obtained from the 
milk of the Egyptian buffalo. 

Texas fever. An infectious disease of cattle char- 
acterized by high fever, hemoglobinuria, and enlarge- 
ment of the spleen. The disease is due to the parasite 
Pyrosoma bigeminum, which invades the red blood- 
corpuscle and is transmitted by the cattle-tick, Boo- 
philus bovis. 

texis {teks'-is) [regis]. Child-bearing. 

text-blindness {tekst'-blind-ness). See word-blind- 
ness under aphasia. 

textiform {teks'-te-form) [textum, a web; forma, 
form]. Reticular, forming a mesh. 

textural {teks'-tu-ral) [textum]. Pertaining to the 
tissues. 

texture {teks'-tur) [lexer e, to weave]. 1. Any or- 
ganized substance or tissue of which the body is 
composed. 2. The arrangement of the elementary 
parts-of tissue. 

textus {teks'-tus) [lexer e, to weave]. A tissue. 

T-fiber. A fiber given off at right angles from an 
axis-cylinder process. 

tfol. Arabian soapstone, a natural product, closely 
related to steatite, proposed as a vehicle for antisep- 
tic emulsion: 20 parts of tfol in 100 parts of heavy 
tar oil. 

TGI [tuberculin; Fr. globulineuse, globulinous]. A 
symbol for a globulin contained in tubercle bacilli, 
soluble in 10 per cent, salt solution. 

thalamencephal {thal-am-en' -se-fal) . See thalam- 
encephalon. 

thalamencephalic {thal-am-en-sef-al'-ik). Pertain- 
ing to the thalamencephalon. 

thalamencephalon {thal-am-en-sef -al-on) [thalamus ; 
encephalon]. The posterior portion of the anterior 
brain-vesicle; the interbrain. Syn., diencephalon. 

thalami {thal'-am-i). Plural of thalamus. 

thalamic {thal-am'-ik) [thalamus]. Pertaining to 
the thalamus, t. epilepsy, epilepsy from disease of 
the optic thalamus. 

thalamo- {thal-am-o-) [thalamus]. A prefix deno- 
ting relation to the thalamus. 

thalamocele, thalamoccele {thai' -am-o-sel) [thal- 
amo-; KoCKia., a hollow]. The third ventricle. 

thalamocortical {thal-am-o-kor' -tik-al) [thalamo- ; 
cortex]. Pertaining to the thalamus and the cortex 
of the brain. 

thalamocrural {thal-am-o-kroo'-ral) [thalamo-; crus, 
leg]. Pertaining to the thalamus and a crus cerebri. 

thalamolenticular {thal-am-o-len-tik'-u-lar) [thal- 
amo- ; lenticular] . Pertaining to the thalamus and the 
lenticular nucleus. 

thalamomammillary {thal-am-o-mam' -il-la-re) [thal- 
amo-; mammillary]. Pertaining to the thalamus and 
the mammillary bodies, t. fasciculus, the bundle of 
Vicq d'Azyr. 

thalamotegmental {thal-am-o-teg-ment'-al) . Rela- 
ting to the thalamus and tegmentum. 



THALAMUS 



883 



THELE 



thalamus (thal'-am-us) [dakanos, couch; pi., thai- 
ami]. A mass of gray matter at the base of the brain, 
developed from the wall of the vesicle of the third 
ventricle, and forming part of the wall of the latter 
cavity. The posterior part is called the pulvinar. 
The thalamus receives fibers from all parts of the 
cortex, and is also connected with the tegmentum and 
with fibers of the optic tract, t., optic, t. opticus. 
The same as thalamus. 

thalassophobia (thal-as-o-fo'-be-ah) [dakaaaa, sea; 
<jS6/3os, fear]. A morbid fear of the sea. 

thalassotherapy (thal-as-o-ther'-ap-e) [6a\ao<ra, sea; 
Oepairela, treatment]. Treatment of disease by sea- 
voyages, sea-bathing, sea-air, etc. 

thaletts (thai' -lets). Pieces of chocolate containing 
phenolphthalein, and used as a laxative. 

thalictrine (thal-ik'-tren). A poisonous alkaloid 
obtained from Thalictrum. 

thalleine (thal'-e-en). A combination of thalline 
with a compound ether or alcoholic radical. 

thallic (thal'-ik). Pertaining to the metal thallium. 

thalline (thai' -in) [daXXos, a green shoot], C10H13- 
ON. A liquid basic substance tetrahydroparam- 
ethyloxychinolin. t. acetate, used for night-sweats 
of tuberculosis. Daily dose, 15 gr. (0.1 Gm.). It 
has the peculiar property of causing rapid falling of 
the hair, t.-alopecia, falling of the hair following 
the ingestion of thalline acetate, t. periodate, used 
as the sulphate, t. salicylate, an antiseptic, anti- 
pyretic, and antirheumatic. Dose 3-8 gr. (0.2-.52 
Gm.). t. sulphate, white needles or crystalline pow- 
der turning brown on exposure; soluble in water, 5 
parts; alcohol, 100 parts; boiling water, 0.5 parts. 
It is antiseptic, antipyretic, and hemostatic; dose, 
3-8 gr. (0.2-0.52 Gm.). Injection in chronic gon- 
orrhea, 5% solution in oil. t. tannate, used as the 
sulphate, t. tartrate, crystalline powder soluble in 
10 parts of water or 300 parts of alcohol; used as the 
sulphate. 

thallinization (thal-in-iz-a' -shun) . Continuous in- 
fluence of thalline (or its salts) by frequent repetition 
of the dose. 

thallium (thal'-e-um) [see thalline]. A metallic 
element having an atomic weight of 204, a specific 
gravity of 11. 19; symbol, Tl. The salts are poison- 
ous. See elements, table of chemic. 

thallophyte (thai' -o-fit) [0aXX6s, a green shoot; <{>vt6v, 
a plant]. One of a class of very low cryptogams. 

thalocol (thal'-o-kol). Tablets containing phenol- 
phthalein and calomel. 

thalosen (thal'-o-sen). Tablets containing phenol- 
phthalein, sulphur, senna, and aromatics; used as a 
laxative. 

thallus (thal'-us) [0aXX6$, a young shoot]. In bi- 
ology, applied to a plant-body in which there is no 
differentiation into root, stem and leaves. 

thamuria (tham-u'-re-ah) [dap.a, often; ovpov, urine]. 
Frequent urination. 

thanato- (than-at-o-) [d'avaros, death]. A prefix 
denoting pertaining to death. 

thanatobiologic (than-at-o-bi-o-loj'-ik) [thanato-; 
/3tos, life]. Pertaining to life and death. 

thanatognomonic (than-at-og-no-mon' -ik) [thanato-; 
yvuipxjiv, sign]. Indicative of death. 

thanatoid (than' -at-oid) [davaros, death; eldos, like]. 
Resembling death. 

thanatol (than' -at-ol) . Same as guaethol. 

thanatology (than-at-oV -o-je) [thanato-; \6yos, 
science]. The sum of scientific knowledge regarding 
death. 

thanatomania (than-at-o-ma' -ne-ah) [thanato- ; p.avla, 
madness]. Suicidal mania. 

thanatometer (than-at-om'-et-er) [thanato-; fikrpov, a 
measure]. A thermometer introduced into a body- 
cavity to determine if the depression of temperature 
is so great as to be a sign of death. 

thanatophidia (than-at-o-fid'-e-ah) [lhamato-; &£«, a 
serpent]. Those serpents whose bite produces toxic 
symptoms or death. 

thanatophobia (than-at-o-fo' -be-ah) [thanato-; </>6/3o$, 
fear]. A morbid fear of death. 

thanatopsy (than' -at-op-se) [thanato-; 5^«, view]. 
Autopsy, necropsy. 

thanatosis (than-at-o' -sis). See gangrene. 

Thane's method) (than) [George Dancer Thane, 
English anatomist]. To find the fissure of Rolando in 
operations upon the brain, the middle point of a line 
passing from the root of the nose to the occipital 
protuberance is determined. The upper extremity 
of the fissure lies half an inch behind this point. 



Thapsia (thap'-se-ah) [Ba^la]. A genus of old- 
world umbelliferous plants. Thapsia resin (resina 
thapsice) is the product of T. garganica, T. silphium, 
and T. villosa. The resin is strongly counter-irritant. 
The root of T. garganica is used by the natives of 
North America as a counter-irritant. Internally a 
tonic; dose of the fluidextract ttjix-xxx. The root of 
T. villosa (deadly carrot) is purgative. 

thaumatrope (thaw' -mah-tr op) [dav^a, wonder; 
TpoirT), a turning]. A device containing figures, on 
opposite sides of a rotating board, which blend when 
in motion. It shows the duration of visual impres- 
sions. 

thaumatropy (thaw-mat' -ro-pe) [6avp.a, wonder; 
Tpoiri), change]. The transformation of one kind of 
tissue into another. 

thea (the' -ah). Tea; the dried leaves of Thea sin- 
ensis, a shrub of the order Ternstrcemiacece, contain- 
ing the alkaloid theine, C8H10N4O2, identical with caf- 
feine. Thea is astringent and gently stimulant to 
the nervous system; its infusion is used as a beverage, 
t., nigra, black tea, is less pungent and less fragrant 
than green tea and is made from leaves that have 
undergone fermentation and are then slowly dried. 
t. viridis, green tea, is prepared from leaves that have 
been dried quickly, having undergone no fermentation, 
theaism (the'-ah-izm). See theism. 
theatrin (the' -at-rin) . An ointment-vehicle con- 
sisting of wax, oil, and water. 

thebaic (the-ba'-ik) [Thebes, where opium was once 
prepared]. Pertaining to or derived from opium. 

thebaine (the'-ba-en) [Gi)Pai, Thebes], C19H21NO3. 
An alkaloid found in opium, analogous to strychnine 
in its physiological effects. It is also called paramor- 
phine. 

thebaism (the' -ba-izm) [Qijfiai, Thebes]. The con- 
dition induced by thebaine or paramorphine ; opium- 
ism. 

Thebesian foramina, (the-be'-ze-an). T. valve, T. 
veins. See under Thebesius. 

Thebesius' foramina [Adam Christianus Thebesius, 
German physician, 1686-1732]. The orifices of The- 
besius' veins. T.'s valve, an endocardial fold at the 
orifice of the coronary vein in the right auricle. T.'s 
veins, vense minimse cordis; the venules which convey 
the blood directly from the myocardium into the 
auricles. 

thebolactic acid (theb-o-lak'-tik). A variety of 
lactic acid occurring in opium. 

theca (the'-kah) [017x77, a sheath, pi., thecoe]. A 
sheath, especially one of a tendon, t. cerebri, the 
cranium, t. cordis, the pericardium, t. folliculi, a 
membranous formation around a Graafian vesicle 
caused by fibrillation of a layer of young connective 
tissue subsequent to the increased vascularity accom- 
panying the process of maturation, t. tendinis, the 
synovial sheath of a tendon, t. vertebralis, the mem- 
branes of the spinal cord. 

thecal (the'-kal) [theca]. Pertaining to a sheath 
or theca. t. abscess, tenosynovitis, paronychia, or 
whitlow. 

thecate (the'-kat) [theca]. Contained within a 
sheath. 

thecitis (the-si'-tis) [theca; wis, inflammation]. In- 
flammation of the sheath of a tendon. 

thecodont (the'-ko-doni) [theca; 68ovs, tooth]. Hav- 
ing the teeth covered or sheathed in alveoli. 

thecosoma, thecosomum (the-ko-so'-mah, -mum) 

[017*77, a sheath; aa)p.a, body]. Same a.s schistosomum. 

thecostegnosis (the-ko-steg-no'-sis) [theca; o-Teyvoeiv, 

to contract]. The shrinking or contraction of the 

sheath of a tendon. 

Theden's bandage (ta'-den) [Johann Christian 
Anton Theden, German surgeon, 1714-1797]- ■ A 
form of roller bandage applied from below upward 
over a graduated compress, to control hemorrhage 
from a limb. 

theic (the'-ik) [thea, tea]. A tea-drunkard; an im- 
moderate user of tea. 

theine (the' -in). See under thea. 
theinism (the'-in-izm). Same as theism. 
theism (the'-izm) [thea]. The morbid condition due 
to the excessive use of tea; it is characterized by 
headache, palpitation, tremor, insomnia, cachexia, etc. 
thelalgia (the-lal'-je-ah) [077X17, a nipple; 01X70$, pain]. 
Pain in the nipple. 

thelasis, thelasmus (thel-as'-is, thel-az'-mus) [077X0- 
%tiv, to suckle]. The act of sucking. 

thele (the'-le) [077X17, a nipple]. The nipple of the 
female breast. 



THELEPLASTY 



884 



THERMESTHESIA 



theleplasty {the' -le-plas-te) [thele; ir\a<r<reiv,toform]. 
Plastic surgery of the nipple. 

thelerethism (the-ler'-eth-izm) [thele; ipediapos, irri- 
tation]. Erection of the nipple. 

thelitis {the-W -tis) [thele; ins, inflammation]. In- 
flammation of the nipple. 

thelium (the'-le-um) [thele]. i. A papilla. 2. A 
layer of cells. 3- The nipple. 

theloncus (the-long'-kus) [thele; bynos, a tumor]. 
Tumor of the nipple. 

thelorrhagia (the-lor-aj' -e-ah) _ [thele; pelv, to flow], 
Hemorrhage from the nipple. 

thelothism (the'-lo-thizm) [thele; oidkeiv, to push]. 
Projection of the nipple, caused by contraction of the 
transverse muscular fibers. 

thelyblast {thel'-e-blast) [drjXvs, female; /SXaaros, a 
germ]. The female element of the bisexual nucleus; 
the ovum after the polar globules have been extruded. 

thelygonia (thel-ig-o'-ne-ah) [drjXvs, female; yovij. 
birth]. 1. The procreation of female offspring. 2. 
Nymphomania. 

thelymania (thel-im-a'-ne-ah) [dijXvs, female; fiavla, 
madness]. Satyriasis. 

thenad (Jthe'-nad) [thenar; ad, toward]. Toward 
the thenar eminence. 

thenal (the'-nal) [thenar]. Pertaining to the palm, 
or the thenar eminence. 

thenar (the'-nar) [devap, palm], 1. The palm of the 
hand. 2. The fleshy prominence of the palm cor- 
responding to the base of the thumb, t. eminence. 
See thenar (2). t. muscles, the abductor and flexor 
muscles of the thumb. 

thenen (the'-nen) [dkvap, palm]. Belonging to the 
thenar aspect in itself. 

theobroma (the-o-bro'-mah) [9e6s, a god; Ppa>p.a, 
food]. A genus of trees of the Sterculiacece. The 
seeds of T. cacao yield a fixed oil {oleum throbromatis, 
U. S. P.) , and contain the alkaloid theobromine, C7H8- 
N4O2, which is closely related to caffeine and xanthin. 
The seeds are used in the preparation of chocolate 
and cocoa; the oil (cacao-butter) is employed as an 
ingredient of cosmetic ointments and for making 
pills and suppositories. Theobromine acts similarly 
to caffeine. 

theobromine (the-o-bro'-men). See under theo- 
broma. t. sodiosalicylate. See diuretin. 

theocin (the' -o-siri) . Synthetically prepared theo- 
phylline isomeric with theobromine, and used as a 
diuretic. Dose 4 gr. (0.25 Gm.) 2 or 3 times daily. 

theolactin (the-o-lak'-tin). A proprietary diuretic 
containing sodium lactate and theobromine-sodium. 

theolin (the'-o-lin). Same as heptane. 

theomania (the-o-ma'-ne-ah) [deos, a god; p.avla, 
madness]. 1. Religious mania. 2. Insanity in which 
the individual believes himself to be a divine being. 

theomaniac (the-o-ma'-ne-ak). One who is affected 
with theomania. 

theopathy (the-op'-ath-e) [deos, a god; ir6£os, disease]. 
Cure by prayer. 

theophobia (ihe-o-fo'-be-ah) [deos, a. god; (pofios, fear]. 
Morbid fear of the deity. 

theophorin (the-off'-or-in). Proprietary name of a 
double salt of theobromine-sodium and sodium for- 
mate. It is said to be diuretic. 

theophylline (the-off'-il-en) [thea, tea; <I>vXKoj>, leaf], 
C7H8N4O2. An alkaloid occurring in tea and iso- 
meric with theobromine and with paraxanthin. 

theoplegia (the-o-ple'-je-ah) [deos, a god; irXriyfi, a 
stroke]. Apoplexy. 

theoretical (the-o-ret'-ik-al). Based on theory; 
speculative. 

theory (the'-o-re) [Oeoopia, a view]. The abstract 
principles of a science. Also a reasonable supposition 
or assumption, generally one that is better developed 
and more probable than a mere hypothesis. 

theotherapy (the-o-ther'-ap-e) [deos, a god; therapy]. 
The treatment of disease by prayer and religious 
exercises. 

therapeusis (ther-ap-u'-sis). See therapeutics. 

therapeutic (ther-ap-u'-tik) [see therapeutics]. Per- 
taining to therapeutics; curative, t. test, a method 
of diagnosis by administering certain remedies known 
to influence a given disease, e. g., quinine in malaria, 
potassium iodide and mercury in syphilis. 

therapeutics (ther-ap-W '-tiks) [depairevTiKv, the art 
of medicine]. The branch of medical science dealing 
with the treatment of disease, t., empirical, treat- 
ment based upon experience, t., mediate, medi- 
cating a child through its mother's milk, t., rational, 
treatment based upon a knowledge of the symptoms 



of the disease and the physiological action of the 
remedy, t., specific, treatment of a disease by a 
specific remedy, t., suggestive, hypnotic suggestion 
in the treatment of disease. 

therapeutist (ther-ap-u'-tist) [see therapeutics]. 
One skilled in therapeutics. 

therapia sterilisans magna. Ehrlich's mode of 
treatment by destruction of the parasites in the 
body of a patient without doing serious harm to the 
patient; it is accomplished by the administration, 
in one large dose, of a sufficient quantity of a drug 
having a special affinity for the parasite causing the 
disease. 

therapic (ther-ap'-ik) [therapy]. Pertaining to 
therapy; therapeutic. 

therapist (ther'-ap-ist). Same as therapeutist. 

therapol (ther'-ap-ol) [therapy; oleum, oil]. A 
vegetable oil containing ozone; it has been used in 
diphtheria. 

therapy (ther'-ap-e). See therapeutics, t., bacterial. 
Same as opsonic therapy, t., opson.c, treatment by 
the use of bacterial vaccines wh^ch increase the 
opsonic index, t., psychic, treatment of disease by 
influence of the mind, t., serum. See serotherapy. 
t., vaccine. Same as therapy, opsonic. 

therencephalous {ther-en-sef -al-us) [d-qp, a wild 
beast; eynecpaXos, the brain]. A term applied to a 
skull in which the lines from the inion and nasion 
to the hormion make an angle of from 116 to 129 . 

theriaca (the-ri'-ak-ah) [dripiaicri, from di)plov, a 
wild beast, because believed to be an antidote 
against the poison of animals]. Treacle; molasses, 
t. Andromachi, Venice treacle, a compound con- 
taining nearly 70 ingredients, and used as an antidote 
against poisons. 

theriatrics (the-re-at'-riks) [drip, a wild beast; 
larpiKr], the art of healing]. The medical treatment 
of animals. 

theriodic (the-re-od'-ik) [dypiov, a wild beast]. 
Malignant. 

therioma (the-re-o'-mah) [drip, a wild beast; &p.a, 
tumor; pi., theriomata]. A malignant ulcer or 
tumor. 

theriomimicry (the-re-o-mim'-ik-re) [drjplov, a wild 
beast; p.Lp.os, an imitator]. Imitation of the acts of 
animals. 

theriotherapy (the-re-o-ther'-ap-e) [drjplov, a wild 
beast; therapy]. Veterinary therapy. 

theriotomy (the-re-ot'-o-me) [drjpiov, a wild beast; 
rop.ii, an incision]. Zootomy; the anatomy or 
dissection of animals. 

therm [depp,rj, heat]. 1. The amount of heat 
required to raise the temperature of one gram of 
water from o° C. to i° C; it is also called a calorie. . 
2. Also a heat unit equivalent to one thousand 
kilogram -(large) calories; it is designated T. 

thermacogenesis (ther-mak-o-jen'-es-is) [depp.j, heat; 
<j>app.a.Kov, drug; yeveo-is, production]. The raising of 
the body temperature by the action of drugs. 

thermae (ther'-me) [depw, heat]. Hot baths; hot 
springs. 

thermaerotherapy {ther-mah-e-ro-ther'-ap-e) . The 
therapeutic application of hot air. 

therm aesthesia (thur'-mes-the'-ze-ah). See thermes- 
thesia. 

thermal (ther'-mal) [see therm]. 1. Pertaining to 
heat. 2. Hot, as thermal spring, t. capacity, the 
amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 
a body from 0° to i° C. t. death-point, the degree 
of a heat required to kill a fluid culture in ten minutes. 
t. unit, the amount of heat required to raise the tem- 
perature of a pound of water one degree F. or C. 

thermalgesia (ther-mal-je'-ze-ah) [therm; aXyos, 
pain]. The condition in which heat causes pain. 

thermanalgesia (ther-man-al-je'-ze-ah) . See thermo- 
analgesia. 

thermanesthesia, thermanaesthesia (ther-man-es- 
the'-ze-ah). See thermoanesthesia. 

thermantidote (thur-man'-tid-ot) [9epp.rj, heat; 
antidote]. An apparatus for cooling the air, much 
used in some hot regions. 

thermasma {thur-maz'-mah). A warm fomenta- 
tion. 

thermatology (thur-mat-ol'-o-je) [dkpp-n, heat; \6yos, 
science]. The scientific use or understanding of 
heat or of the waters of thermal springs in the cure 
of disease. 

thermesthesia, thermaesthesia (ther-mes-the'-ze-ah) 
[therm; a'lo-dyo-is , sensation]. 1. The heat-sense. 2. 
Sensitiveness to heat. 



THERMESTHESIOMETER 



885 



THERMOMETER 



thermesthesiometer, thermaesthesiometer (thur- 
mes-the-ze-om' -et-er) [depnv, heat; alaOrjais, sensation; 
jikrpov, measure]. An instrument for measuring the 
sensibility to heat of different regions of the skin. 

thermic (ther'-mik) [6kpp.rj, heat]. Pertaining to 
"heat. t. fever, sunstroke; heat-fever, t. sense, 
thermesthesia. 

thermifugin (thur-mif -u-jin) [Oepp-v, heat; fugare, 
to expel]. Trade name of sodium carbonate, recom- 
mended as an antipyretic. 

thennin (ther'-min), CioHu . NH 2 HC1. A colorless 
liquid obtained from a solution of 0-naphthylamine 
in amyl-alcohol by action of metallic sodium. It is 
used as a mydriatic. Syn., tetrahydro-P-naphthyl- 
-amine. t. hydrochloride, C10H11NH2 . HC1, used to 
increase body-temperature. 

thermo- (ther-mo-) [Okpurj, heat]. A prefix meaning 
lieat. 

thermoaerophore (ther-mo-a-e'-ro-for) [thermo- ; 
a-qp, air; <pepeiv, to bear]. An apparatus for the 
therapeutic local application of hot air. 

thermoaesthesia (thur-mo-es-the'-ze-ah). See ther- 
mesthesia. 

thermoalgesia (ther-mo-al-je'-sia). Same as ther- 
malgesia. 

thermoanalgesia (ther -mo-an-al-je' -ze-ah) [thermo-; 
■analgesia]. Insensibility to heat or to contact 
-with heated objects; due to cerebral lesion. 

thermoanesthesia, thermoanaesthesia (ther-mo-an- 
•es-the' -ze-ah) [thermo-; anesthesia]. Loss of the per- 
ception of thermal impressions, a condition some- 
times present in syringomyelia. 

thermocauterectomy (ther-tno-kaw-ter-ek'-to-me) . 
See igniextirpation. 

thermocautery (ther-mo-kaw'-ter-e). See Paquelin's 
•cautery. 

thermochemistry (ther-mo-kem'-is-tre) [thermo- ; 
chemistry]. That branch of chemical ^science em- 
bracing the mutual relations of heat and chemical 
changes. 

thermochroic (ther-mo-kro'-ik) [thermo-; xpba, 
color]. Transmitting some thermal rays and 
absorbing others. 

thermochroism (thur-mo-kro'-izm) [thermo-; xp&<n-s, 
a coloring]. The property possessed by certain 
substances of transmitting some thermal radiations 
while they absorb or change others. 

thermochrosis (thur-mo-kro'-sis). See thermo- 
chroism. 

thermocurrent (thur-mo-kur'-ent) [thermo-; cur- 
rent]. An electric current produced by heat. 

thermodiff usion (thur-mo-dif-u'-zjun) [thermo- ; 
diffusion]. Diffusion of a gas by inequalities in 
temperature. 

thermodin (ther' -mo-din) [dipun, heat], C13H17NO4. 
An antipyretic derivative of ethyl carbamate. 

thermoelectricity (ther-mo-e-lek-tris'-it-e) [thermo- ; 
electricity]. Electricity generated by heat. 

thermoesthesia, thermoaesthesia (thur-mo-es-the'-ze- 
ah). See thermesthesia. 

thermoesthesiometer. See thermesthesiometer. 

thermoexcitory (thur-mo-ek-si'-to-re) [thermo-; ex- 
citor, excitor]. Having the function of exciting the 
production of heat (opposed to thermoinhibitory) . 

thermofuge (ther'-mo-fuj). An external antiseptic, 
emollient, and detergent, said to be a compound of 
aluminum silicate, glycerol, boric acid, menthol, 
thymol, oil of eucalyptus, and ammonium iodide. 

thermogen (ther' -mo- j en) [see thermogenesis]. An 
appliance for keeping up the temperature of patients 
during an operation. It consists of a quilted cushion 
through which pass wires the temperature of which 
can be raised by the passage of an electric current. 

thermogenesis (ther-mo-jen'-es-is) [thermo-; yewav, 
to produce]. The production of heat. 

thermogenetic, thermogenic, thermogenous (ther- 
mo- jen-et'-ik, ther-mo-jen'-ik, ther-moj' -en-us) [see 
.thermogenesis]. Pertaining to thermogenesis; pro- 
ducing heat. 

thermogenics (ther-mo-jen'-iks) [see thermogenesis]. 
The science of the production of heat. 

thermogram (ther' -mo-gram) [thermo-; ypap.ua, a 
written character]. The record of a thermograph. 

thermograph (ther'-mo-graf) [thermo-; ypaxj>eiv, 
to write]. A device for registering variations of 
temperature automatically. 

thermohyperalgesia (ther-mo-hi-per-al-je' -ze-ah) 

[thermo-; hyperalgesia]. Painful sensation felt on 
•contact with a hot body. 

thermohyperesthesia (ther-mo-hi-per-es-the' -ze-ah) 



[thermo-; hyperesthesia]. Abnormal sensitiveness to 
the application of hot bodies. 

thermohypesthesia (ther-mo-hi-pes-the' -ze-ah) [ther- 
mo-; hypesthesia]. Abnormal indifference or in- 
sensibility to heat or to contact with heated objects. 

thermohypoesthesia (ther-mo-hi-po-es-the' -ze-ah) . 
See thermohypesthesia. 

thermoinhibitory (ther-mo-in-hib'-it-o-re) [thermo-; 
inhibitory]. Inhibiting the production of heat. 

thermol (ther'-mol), C14H15NO3. A coal-tar deriva- 
tive forming as white crystals, soluble in water and 
alcohol. It is analgesic, antipyretic, and antiseptic. 
Dose 3 gr. (0.2 Gm.) every 3 hours. 

thermolabile (ther -mo-la' -bit) [thermo-; lapsus, a 
gliding or falling]. Destroyed or changed by heat. 

thermology (ther-moV -o-je) [thermo-; \byo%, science]. 
The science of heat. 

thermolusia (ther-mo-lu'-se-ah) [thermo-; \oveiv, 
to wash]. A hot bath. 

thermolysis (ther-mol'-is-is) [thermo-; Xuo-is, a 
loosening]. 1. Dissipation of animal heat. 2. 
Chemical decomposition by means of heat. 

thermolytic (ther -mo-lit' -ik) [see thermolysis]. Per- 
taining to thermolysis. 

thermomagnetism (ther -mo-mag' -nei-izm) [thermo- ; 
magnetism]. Magnetism produced by heat. 

thermomassage (ther-mo-mas-ahzf) . Massage 
with application of heat. 

thermometer (ther -mom' -et-er) [thermo-; p.krpov, a 
measure]. An instrument for measuring the in- 
tensity of heat, consisting of a substance capable of 



COMPARISON 


OF 


THERMOMETERS. 


*! 




s 


v 




s 


** 




s 


•« 


s 





.« 


s 


« 


-« 


s 


« 


« 


r" 







u 


<o 





<» 




&H 


O 


£ 


fti 


O 


* 


k, 


O 


£ 


212 


100 


80 


122 


50 


40 


32 








210 


98.9 


79-1 


120 


48.9 39.1 


30 


— 1.1 


- 0.9 


208 


97.8 


78.2 


Il8 


47-8 


38.2 


28 


— 2.2 


- 1.8 


206 


96.7 


77-3 


Il6 


46.7 


37-3 


26 


- 3-3 


- 2.7 


204 


95.6 


76.4 


114 


45.6 


36.4 


24 


- 4.4 


- 3-6 


202 


94-4 


75-6 


112 


44.4 


35-6 


22 


- 5-6 


- 4-4 


200 


93-3 


74-7 


no 


43-3 


34-7 


20 


- 6.7 


- 5-3 


198 


92.2 


73-8 


108 


42.2 


33-8 


18 


- 7.8 


- 6.2 


196 


91. 1 


72.9 


106 


41. 1 


32.9 


16 


- 8.9 


- 7.1 


194 


90 


72 


104 


40 


32 


14 


— 10 


- 8 


192 


88.9 


71. 1 


102 


38.9 


31. 1 


12 


— 11. 1 


- 8.9 


190 


87.8 


70.2 


100 


37-8 


30.2 


10 


— 12.2 


- 9.8 


188 


86.7 169.3 


98 


36.7 


29-3 


8 


-13.3 


-10.7 


186 


85.6 68.4 


96 


3S.6I28.4 


6 


-14.4 


-11.6 


184 


84.4 I67.6 


94 


34-4 '27.6 


4 


-15.6 


— 12.4 


182 


83.3 166.7 


92 


33.3 126.7 


2 


-16.7 


-13.3 


180 


82.2 


65.8 


90 


32.2 25.8 





-17.8 


-14.2 


178 


81. 1 


64.9 


88 


31. 1 


24-9 


— 2 


— 18.9 


-15.1 


176 


80 


64 


86 


30 


24 


- 4 


—20 


-16 


174 


78.9 


63.1 


84 


28.9 


23.1 


- 6 


—21. 1 


— 16.9 


172 


77.8 


62.2 


82 


27.8 


22.2 


- 8 


— 22.2 


-17.8 


I70 


76.7 61.3 


80 


26.7 


21.3 


— 10 


-23.3 


-18.7 


168 


75-6 160.4 


78 


25.6 20.4 


— 12 


-24.4 


— 19.6 


166 


74-4 59.6 


76 


24.41 19.6 


-14 


— 25.6 


— 20.4 


164 


73-3 58.7 


74 


23.3 ji8.7 


-16 


—26.7 


-21.3 


l62 


72.2 57-8 


72 


22.2 117.8 


-18 


-27.8 


— 22.2 


160 


71. 1 56.9 


70 


21. 1 116.9 


— 20 


-28.9 


-23.1 


158 


70 56 


68 


20 16 


— 22 


-30 


-24 


156 


68.9 !55.i 


66 


18.9 15. 1 


-24 


-31. 1 


-24.9 


154 


67.8 54-2 


64 


17.8 I14.2 


-26 


—32.2 


-25.8 


152 


66.7 !53-3 


62 


16.7 |i3.3 


-28 


-33-3 


— 26.7 


150 


65.6 I52.4 


60 


15.6 112.4 


-30 


-34-4 


—27.6 


148 


64.4 '51.6 


58 


14.4 n. 6 


-32 


-35-6 


—28.4 


146 ! 63.3 50.7 


56 


13.3 10.7 


-34 


-36.7 


-29.3 


144 | 62.2 49.8 


54 


12.2 


9.8 


-36 


-37-8 


—30.2 


142 1 61. 1 48.9 


52 


11. 1 


8.9 


-38 


-38.9 


-3I.I 


140 60 I48 


50 


10 


8 


-40 


-40 


-32 


138 j 58.9 '47-1 


48 


8.9 


7-1 


-42 


-41. 1 


-32.9 


136 57.8 '46.2 


46 


7-8 


6.2 


-44 


—42.2 


-33-8 


134: 56.7 145-3 


44 


6.7 5-3 


-46 


-43-3 


-34-7 


132 55-6 44-4 


42 


5-6 4-4 


-48 


-44.4 


-35-6 


130 54-4 [43-6 


40 


4-4 1 3-6 


-50 


-45-6 


-36.4 


128 1 53-3 |42.7 


38 


3-3 2.7 


-52 


-46.7 


-37-3 


126 | 52.2 I41.8 


36 


2.2 j 1.8 


-54 


-47-8 


-38.2 


124 1 51. 1 '40.9 


34 


1.1 1 0.9 


-56 


-48.9 


-39-1 



expanding and contracting, and a graduated scale 
by means of which variations in the volume of the 
substance can be determined. In the ordinary 
thermometer the expansive substance is mercury 



THERMOMETRIC 



886 



THIOACETALDEHYDE 



{mercurial thermometer), expanding into a vacuous 
capillary tube, the degree of heat being measured by 
the length of the column of mercury, t., air, one 
in which the expansive substance is air. t., alcohol, 
one in which the expansive substance is alcohol, 
t., Centigrade, t., Celsius, one in which the freezing- 
point is at o° and the boiling-point at ioo°. t., 
clinical, a self-registering thermometer for ascertain- 
ing the bodily temperature, t., differential, one for 
determining slight variations of temperature, t., 
Fahrenheit, one in which the interval between the 
freezing-point and the boiling-point is divided into 
i So equal parts, each called a degree, the zero-point 
being 32 ° or divisions below the freezing-point of 
water, t., fever, a clinical thermometer, t., maxi- 
mum, one which registers the maximum heat to which 
it has been exposed, t., mercurial, one in which the 
expansive substance is mercury, t., minimum, one 
that registers the lowest temperature to which it has 
been exposed, t., Reaumur, one in which the freez- 
ing-point of water is o° and the boiling-point 8o°. 
t., self-registering, one that by means of an index 
shows the highest {maximum) or lowest {minimum) 
temperature to which it has been exposed, t., spirit, 
one in which alcohol or ether is used, t., surface-, 
one for registering the surface-temperature of any 
portion of the body. 

thermometric {ther -mo-met' -rik) [thermometer]. Per- 
taining to a thermometer or to thermometry. 

thermometry {ther-mom'-et-re) [thermometer]. The 
measuring of temperature by means of the ther- 
mometer. 

thermoneurosis {ther-mo-nu-ro'-sis) [thermo- ; neuro- 
sis]. Pyrexia of vasomotor origin. 

thermonosus {ther-mon-o'-sus) [thermo-; voaos, dis- 
ease]. Disease caused by heat. 

thermopalpation {ther-mo-pal-pa'-shun) [thermo- ; 
palpation]. Palpation of the surface of the body 
with a view to the determination of variations of 
temperature. 

thermophagy {ther-moff'-aj-e) [thermo-; <j>ayeiv, to 
eat]. The habit of swallowing very hot food. 

thermophile {ther'-mo-fil) [thermo-; <j>i\elv, to love]. 
1. A microorganism which develops best at relatively 
high temperatures. 2. A thermoelectric battery. 

thermophilic {ther-mo-fil' -ik) [thermo-; <pu\eiv, to 
love]. Applied to microorganisms which develop 
best at relatively high temperatures from 50 to 55 C. 
or above. 

thermophobia {ther-mo-fo'-be-ah) [thermo-; <f>6fios, 
fear]. Morbid dread of heat. 

thermophore {ther'-mo-for) [thermo-; <j>epelv, to 
bear]. 1. Any appliance adapted to hold heat; as 
used in local treatment, a receptacle for hot water, a 
water-bag. 2. A receptacle containing chemicals 
which absorb a large amount of heat in the process 
of fusing and which give it off gradually as recrystal- 
lization takes place. Used as hand or foot warmers 
and in local treatment. 

thermophylic {ther-mo-fil' -ik) [thermo-; 4>v\aaaeiv, 
to guard]. Resistant to the effect of heat, said 
of certain microorganisms. 

thermopile {ther'-mo-pil) [thermo-; pile]. A con- 
trivance consisting of a series of connected metallic 
plates, in which, under the influence of heat, a current 
of electricity is produced which acts upon a registering 
index. By means of it very minute amounts of 
heat can be measured. 

thermoplegia {ther-mo-ple'-je-ah) [thermo-; irXij7i7, 
a stroke]. Heat-stroke. 

thermopolypnea {ther-mo-pol-ip-ne'-ah) [thermo-; 
ttoXvs, many; irvelv, to breathe]. Rapid respiration 
due to high temperature. 

thermoregulator {ther-mo-reg' -u-la-tor) . See thermo- 
stat. 

thermoscope {ther'-mo-skop) [thermo-; aKowelv, to 
view]. An instrument for measuring minute differ- 
ences of temperature without registering the degree 
or amount of heat. 

thermostabile {ther-mo-sta'-bil) [thermo-; stabilis, 
firm; steadfast]. Not destroyed or changed by heat. 

thermostat {ther' -mo-stat) [thermo-; <tto.t6s, stand- 
ing]. A device for automatically regulating and 
maintaining a constant temperature. ' 

thermosteresis {ther -mo-ster-e' -sis) [thermo-; arepri- 
<rts, deprivation]. Deprivation of heat. 

thermosystaltic {ther-mo-sis-taV -tik) [thermo-; ow- 
rkWtiv, to contract]. Contracting under the influ- 
ence of heat; pertaining to muscular contraction due 
to heat. 



thermosystaltism {ther-mo-sis-taV -tizm) [thermo- ; 
avarkWeiv, to contract]. Muscular, or other, con- 
traction caused by heat. 

thermotactic, thermotaxic {ther -mo-tak' -tik, ther- 
mo-taks'-ik) [see thermotaxis]. Regulating the heat 
of the body, as a thermotactic center. 

thermotaxis {ther-mo-taks'-is) [thermo-; to£is, from 
raaaeiv, to arrange]. 1. The regulation and correla- 
tion of heat production and heat dissipation. 2. Ther- 
motropism. 

thermoterion {ther-mo-te'-re-on). An apparatus 
for keeping food warm, consisting of a glass case 
surrounded by a hot water chamber and an air space 
to prevent the radiation of heat. 

thermotherapy {ther-mo-ther'-ap-e) [thermo-; Oepa- 
irda, cure]. Treatment of disease by heat. 

thermotics {ther -mot' -iks) [thermo-]. The science 
of heat; thermology. 

thermotonometer {ther-mo-ton-om'-et-er) [thermo-; 
tovos, a stretching; p.krpov, a measure]. An apparatus 
for determining the amount of muscular contraction 
induced by thermic stimuli. 

thermotoxin {ther-mo-toks'-in) [thermo-; toxin]. 
A poison produced by heat in the body. 

thermotracheotomy {ther-mo-tra-ke-ot'-o-me) . 

Tracheotomy by means of the actual cautery. 

thermotropism {ther-moV '-ro-pizm) [thermo-; rpowos, 
a turn]. That property possessed by some cells and 
organisms of bending towards or away from a source 
of heat. 

theroid {the'-roid) [6-fjp, a wild beast; eldos, re- 
semblance]. Like a beast, bestial. 

theromorph {ther'-o-morf) [drjp, a wild beast; 
fj.op(j>ri, form]. A monstrosity resembling an animal. 

theromorphism {ther-o-mor' -phizm) [6i)p, a wild 
beast; nop<f>-h, form]. Apparent reversion, in a 
human subject, to an animal form of lower type. 

thesis {thq'-sis) [0«ns, a proposition]. A disserta- 
tion. Usually, the essay presented by an under- 
graduate at the time of his candidature for a degree. 

thevetin {thev'-et-in) [Andre Thevet, a French 
traveler]. A poisonous glucoside from certain species 
of Thevetia. 

thew {thu). A muscle, a sinew. 

thial {thi'-al). Trade name of hexamethylenete- 
tramineoxymethylsulphonate. It is used as a disin- 
fectant, t. liquid, a 50 per cent, solution of thial. 

thialdin {thi-al'-din), C6H13NS2, a crystalline sub- 
stance obtained by the action of sulphureted hydro- 
gen on aldehyde ammonium; it is used as a heart 
stimulant. 

thialion {thi-al 1 -e-on) . A proprietary preparation 
containing lithium; used in gouty conditions. 

thick wind. A colloquial term for impaired respira- 
tion in the horse, somewhat louder and less free than 
normal breathing. 

Thielmann's diarrhea mixture {tel'-man) [Karl 
Heinrich Thielmann, German physician, 1802-1872]. 
Wine of opium 32, tincture of valerian 50, ether 16, 
oil of peppermint 4, fluidextract of ipecac 1, and 
alcohol enough to make 125. Dose 30 minims (2 Cc). 

Thiersch's method of skin-grafting {tersh) [Karl 
Thiersch, German surgeon, 1822-1895]. Long, 
broad strips of skin are removed from the arm or 
leg and placed on a wound previously deprived of its 
granulations by means of a sharp curet. T.'s solu- 
tion, a valuable antiseptic wash for the nose, throat, 
or stomach, consisting of salicylic acid, 2 parts; boric 
acid, 12 parts; water, 1000 parts. 

thigenol {thi'-jen-ol). The sodium salt of the 
sulphonic acid extracted from a synthetic sulphur oil. 
It is used in the treatment of skin diseases in the 
form of pomades containing 20 parts in 100. 

thigh {thi). The part of the lower limb extending 
from pelvis to knee, t.-bone, the femur, t.-friction, 
a form of masturbation, t.-joint, the hip-joint. 

thigmotaxis {thig-mo-taks'-is). See thigmotropism. 

thigmotropism {thig-mof -ro-pizm) [dlyfia, touch; 
rpoiros, a turn]. That property possessed by some 
cells and organisms of being attracted by mechanical 
stimuli. 

thilanin {thi'-lan-in) [Beiov, sulphur; lanolin]. A 
brownish-yellow substance derived from and re- 
sembling lanolin. It contains 3 % of sulphur and is 
used in the treatment of eczema and other diseases 
of the skin. 

thio- {thi-o-) [8elov, sulphur]. A prefix denoting 
containing sulphur in the place of oxygen. 

thioacetaldehyde {thi-o-as-et-al' -de-hid) . See sulph- 
aldehyde. 



THIOACID 



887 



THORACOCENTESIS 



thioacid (thi-o-as'-id). One of a group of acids 
produced by the substitution of sulphur for the 
oxygen in an oxygen acid. 

thioalcohol (thi-o-al'-ko-hol). See mercaptan. 

thiocamph (thi'-o-kamf) [thio-; camphor]. A fluid 
disinfectant, used for fumigation. It is formed by 
the action of sulphur dioxide on camphor. 

thiocarbarnide (thi-o-kar'-bam-id). See thiourea. 

thiochromogen (thi-o-kro'-mo-jen) . See aureolin. 

thiocol (thi' -o-kol) . See potassium-guaiacol sulpho- 
nate. 

tbiocyanate (thi-o-si'-an-at) [thio-; cyanate]. A 
salt of thiocyanic acid. 

thiocyanic acid (thi-o-si-an'-ik), CNHS. Sulpho- 
cyanic acid, a monobasic acid forming the thiocya- 
nates or sulphocyanates. Potassium thiocyanate, 
CNKS, occurs in saliva. 

tbiodinaphthyloxide (thi-o-di-naf-thil-oks'-ld) . An 
orange-colored powder used in the treatment of skin 
diseases. 

tbioether (thi-o-e'-ther). An ether in which sulphur 
replaces the oxygen; a sulphur ether. 

thioform (thi' -o-form) . See bismuth dithiosalicylate. 

thiogenic (thi-o-jen'-ik) [thio-; yewdv, to produce]. 
Applied to bacteria able to convert hydrogen sulphide 
into higher sulphur compounds. 

thiol (thi'-ol) [delov, sulphur]. A substance pre- 
pared from gas-oil by heating with sulphur, and 
occurring in a dry and a liquid form. It has been 
used as an application to ulcers and in diseases of the 
skin. 

thiolin (thi'-ol-in). See acid, thiolinic. 

thionic (thi-on'-ik) [delov, sulphur]. Pertaining to 
sulphur, t. acid, thioacid. 

thionin (thi'-o-nin) [delov, sulphur], C12H9N3S. 
A sulphur compound of the aromatic group, used as 
a stain in microscopy. Its solutions are of a dark- 
blue color. 

thiophene (thi'-o-fen) [thio-; phenol], C4H4S. A 
hydrocarbon of the aromatic series; a colorless, oily 
liquid, miscible with water. The iodide, C4H2I2S, 
has been used as a substitute for iodoform, t. 
sodium sulphonate, C4H3S . NaSCh, a white powder 
used in prurigo. 

thiophil (thi'-o-fil) [thio-; <j>i\elv, to love]. Loving 
sulphur; applied to microorganisms. 

thiopyrine (thi-o-pi'-rin). A derivative of anti- 
pyrine, formed by the substitution of sulphur for 
oxygen. 

thioresorcinol (thi-o-rez-or'-sin-ol) [thio-; resor- 
cinol], C6H4(SH)i. A compound of sulphur and 
resorcinol used as a powder or ointment as a sub- 
stitute for iodoform. 

thiosapol (thi-o-sa'-pol). A sulphureted soda soap 
containing 10 % of sulphur. 

thiosavonals (thio-sav'-on-als). Potash sulphur 
soaps that contain sulphur in a chemically combined 
state. 

thiosinamine (thi-o-sin'-am-en) [thio-; sinapfs, 
mustard], C4H8N2S. A crystalline substance pre- 
pared from mustard-oil and ammonia. It is used in 
lupus, glandular enlargements, and night-sweats. 

thiosulphate (thi-o-sul'-fat). A salt of thiosulphuric 
acid. 

thiosulphuric acid (thi-o-sul-fu'-rik) [thio-; sul- 
phuric], H2S2O3. An acid derived from sulphuric 
acid by the substitution of one atom of sulphur for 
one of oxygen. 

Thiothrix (thi'-o-thriks) [delov, sulphur; dpl£, hair]. 
A genus of the family Beggiatoacece ; filaments non- 
motile; surrounded by a delicate sheath; sulphur 
granules in cell contents; at ends of filaments rod- 
shaped gonidia; filaments unequal in diameter. 

thiourea (thi-o-u-re'-ah) [thio-; urea], CS(NH)2. 
Sulphocarbamide; a derivative of urea in which 
sulphur replaces the oxygen of the latter. 

thiourethane (thi-o-u' -re-than) [thio-; ovpov, urine]. 
Anyone of the crystalline esters of sulphocarbamic 
acid. 

third corpuscle. Platelet, t. cranial nerve, the 
oculomotor nerve; see motor oculi under nerve. 
t. intention. See healing, t. tonsil. See Luschka's 
tonsil, t. ventricle. See ventricle. 

thirst (thurst) [AS., thurst]. A desire for drink. 

thirst-cure. See Schroth's cure. 

Thiry's fistula (te'-re) [Jean Hubert Thiry, 
Belgian physician, 1817-1879]. A fistula for ob- 
taining the intestinal juice. A piece of intestine 
about four inches long is separated from the bowel 
without dividing the mesentery and its blood- 



vessels. One end of the tube is closed, and the other 
is stitched to the abdominal wound. The two ends 
of intestine from which the piece was cut out are then 
united by sutures. From the excised piece a pure 
intestinal juice is obtained. 

Thiry-Vella fistula (te'-re-vel'-lah) [Jean Hubert 
Thiry, Belgian physician, 1817-1879; Luigi Vella, 
Italian physiologist, 1825-1886]. See Vella s fistula. 

thiuret (thi'-u-ret) [delov, sulphur], C8H7N3S2. 
A crystalline antiseptic which readily yields its 
sulphur in a nascent condition. On this property 
depends its antiseptic action. 

thlipsencephalus (thlip-sen-sef'-al-us) [dXtyis, pres- 
sure; eyKe<f>a\os, brain]. A monster in which there is 
extensive exposure of the base of the brain from non- 
development of the occipital bone and even of the 
upper vertebrae. 

thliptol (thlip'-tol). A proprietary antiseptic and 
deodorant liquid, said to consist of benzoboric acid 
combined with oil of eucalyptus* thyme, etc. 

Thomas's splints (tom'-as) [Hugh Owen Thomas, 
English surgeon, 1 834-1 891]. Rigid splints, made of 
curved iron rods, adapted to the shape of the limb, 
and kept in place by plaster of Paris bandages. 
They are employed in hip-joint disease, and are 
designed to secure rest, avoid friction and to allow, 
the weight of the limb gradually to remedy the 
deformity in place of more active extension. 

Thompson's line. A red line along the border of 
the gums, frequently seen in pulmonary tuberculosis. 

Thompson's test [Sir Henry Thompson, English 
surgeon, 1 820-1904]. The collection of the morning 
urine in two glasses to determine whether a gonorrheal 
process is localized in the anterior portion of the ure- 
thra or whether it has extended into the posterior 
portion. 

Thomsen's disease [Asmus Julius Thomsen, 
Danish physician, 1815- ]. Myotonia congenita, 
a disease commonly congenital and occurring in 
families, and characterized by tonic spasm or rigidity 
of the muscles, coming on when they are first put in 
actron after a period of rest. As the muscles are 
used the stiffness gradually wears off. 

Thorns onianism (tom-so'-ne-an-izm). A system 
of medicine introduced by Samuel Thomson (1769- 
1843), of Massachusetts. It insisted on the use of 
vegetable remedies only. 

thoracal (tho'-rak-al). Pertaining to the thorax or 
chest. 

thoracalgia (tho-rak-al'-je-ah) [thorax; aXyos, pain]. 
Pain in the thorax. 

thoracaorta (tho-rak-a-or'-ta) [thorax; aorta]. The 
thoracic aorta. 

thoracectomy (tho-rak-sek'-to-me) [thorax; enrour/, 
excision]. Thoracotomy with resection of a part of 
one or more ribs. 

thoracentesis (tho-ras-en-te'-sis) [thorax; Kevr-qais, 
a piercing]. Puncture of the thorax for the removal 
of fluid. 

thoracic (tho-ras'-ik) [thorax]. Pertaining to or 
situated in the chest or thorax, t. aorta. See 
arteries, table of. t. axis, the acromio thoracic artery; 
see arteries, table of. t. choke, in the horse, the 
lodgment of a foreign body in the thoracic portion 
of the esophagus, t. duct. See duct, thoracic, t. 
index. See index, thoracic, t. nerve. See nerves, 
table of. 

thoracicoabdominal (tho-ras-ik-o-ab-dom' '-in-aV) . 
Pertaining to the thorax and the abdomen. 

thoracicoacromial (tho-ras-ik-o-ak-ro'-me-al) . Acro- 
miothoracic, relating to the chest and the shoulder; 
applied to a group of muscles. 

thoracicoacromialis (iho-ras-ik-o-ak-ro-me-a'-lis) . 
See artery, acromiothoracic. 

thoracicohumeral (tho-ras-ik-o-hu'-mer-al). Re- 
lating to the chest and upper arm. 

thoracicolumbar (tho-ras-ik-o-lum'-bar). Pertain- 
ing to the thoracic and lumbar regions. 

thoracispinal (tho-ras-is-pi'-nal). Relating to the 
thoracic portion of the spinal column. 

thoraco- (lho-rak-o-) [du>pa%, thorax]. A prefix 
denoting pertaining to the thorax. 

thoracoacromial (tho-rak-o-ak-ro'-me-al) . Acromio- 
thoracic, relating to the chest and the shoulder; 
applied to a groupof muscles. 

thoracoceloschisis (tho-rak-o-se-los'-kis-is) [thoraco- ; 
KoiXia, belly; o-xl<ns, a cleaving]. Congenital fissure 
of the chest and abdomen. 

thoracocentesis (tho-rak-o-sen-le'-sis). See thora- 
centesis. 



THORACOCYLLOSIS 



888 



THROMBOGEN 



thoracocyllosis {tho-rak-o-sil-o'-sis) [thoraco-; kv\- 
Xoxm, curvation]. Deformity of the thorax. 

thoracocyrtosis {tho T rak-o-sur-to'-sis) [thoraco-; Kvp- 
ros, curved]. Excessive curvature of the thorax. 

thoracodelphus (tho-rak-ad-el'-fus). See thoradel- 
phus. 

thoracodidymus {tho-rak-o-did'-im-us) [thoraco- ; 
SLdvuos, double]. A double monster joined at the 
-thorax. 

thoracodynia {tho-rak-o-din'-e-ah) [thoraco-; 65i>vr), 
pain]. Pain in the chest. 

thoracogastrodidymus {tho-rak-o-gas-tro-did'-im- 
us) [thoraco-; yacrrrip, belly; 5l5v/xos, double]. A twin 
monstrosity united by the thorax and abdomen. 

thoracogastroschisis (tho-rak-o-gas-tros'-kis-is) . 

See thoracoceloschisis. 

thoracograph (tho-rak'-o-graf) [thoraco-; ypafaiv, 
to write]. An instrument for recording the move- 
ments and the outline of the chest wall. 

thoracometer (tho-rak-om'-et-er) [thoraco-; p.krpov, 
a measure]. A stethometer. 

thoracometry (tho-rak-om'-et-re) [see thoracometer]. 
Measurement of the movement of the walls of the 
•chest. 

thoracomyodynia (Jtho-rak-o-mi-o-din'-e-ah) [thor- 
aco-; pvs, muscle; 68vvj], pain]. Pain in the muscles 
of the chest. 

thoracopagus {tho-rak-op'-ag-us) [thoraco-; irayos, 
that which is firmly set]. A double monster with 
portions of the thorax or abdomen coalescent. t. 
tribrachius, with two of the upper limbs coalescent. 
t. tripus, with two of the lower limbs coalescent. 

thoracopathia {tho-rak-o-pa' -the-ah) [thoraco-; irados, 
disease]. A disease of the thorax. 

thoracoplasty {tho-rdk' -o-plas-te) [thoraco-; ■Khaaow, 
to form]. Plastic operation upon the thorax. 

thoracopneumoplasty {tho-rak-o-nu'-mo-plas-te) 

[thoraco-; irvebpui*, lung; ifXturaeiv, to form]. Plastic 
■operation upon the lung and chest. 

thoracoschisis (tho-rak-os'-kis-is) [thoraco-; crxuris, 
a cleaving]. Congenital fissure of the thorax. 

thoracoscope {tho-rak' -o-skop) [thoraco-; anoirtiv, 
to view]. A stethoscope. 

thoracoscopy (tho-rak-os'-ko-pe) [see thoracoscope]. 
Examination of the chest, especially by the stetho- 
scope. 

thoracostenosis (tho-rak-o-sten-o'-sis) [thoraco- ; 
stenosis]. Contraction or compression of the walls 
of the chest. 

thoracostomy {tho-rak-os' '-to-me) [thoraco-; a-rSfta, 
mouth]. The operation of making an opening in the 
thorax. 

thoracotomy (tho-rak-ot'-o-me) [thoraco-; repveiv, 
to cut]. Incision of the thorax or chest-wall. 

thoradelphus (tho-r ad-el' -f us) [thorax; aSe\<f>6s, 
brother]. A double monster united above the 
umbilicus, with one head, four lower and two upper 
extremities. 

thorax (tho'-raks) [9o>pa£, a breastplate]. The 
chest ; the framework of bones and soft tissues bound- 
ed by the diaphragm below, the ribs and sternum in 
front, the ribs and dorsal portion of the vertebral 
column behind, and above by the structures in the 
lower part of the neck, and containing the heart 
inclosed in the pericardium, the lungs invested by 
the pleura, and the mediastinal structures, t., 
region of. See region, thoracic. 

Thorel's bundle (tor'-el) [ Thorel, German 

physician]. A structure in the heart wall con- 
necting the sinoauricular and auriculoventricular 
nodes. 

thorium {tho'-re-um) [Icel., Thorr]. A rare metal 
related chemically to tin. Symbol Th; atomic 
weight, 234.4. It is a radioactive substance and 
gives off several emanations, indicated by various 
letters such as A, B, X, etc. t. paste, a prepara- 
tion made of thorium protoxide, lead sulphate, 
sulphuric acid, and hydrochloric acid. It is used 
for the treatment of lupus, and epithelioma. 

Thormaehlen's test for melanin in urine (tor'-ma- 
len) [Johann Thormaehlen, German physician]. 
To the urine to be tested add sodium nitroprusside, 
caustic potash, and acetic acid, and in the presence 
of melanin a deep-blue coloration will be produced. 

thorn-apple. See stramonium. 

Thorn's maneuver {torn) [Wilhelm Thorn, German 
obstetrician, 1859- ]. Changing of a face 
presentation into a vertex presentation by combined 
external and internal version. 

Thornton's sign [J. Knowsley Thornton, English 



physician, 1845- J. Violent pain in the flanks 
in nephrolithiasis. 

Thornwaldt's disease {torn' -volt). Nasolaryngeal 
stenosis associated with the formation of a cyst-like 
cavity in the midst of the racemose glands in the 
pharyngeal mucosa, and containing pus or mucopus. 

thoroughjoint. Diarthrosis, or arthrodia. 

thoroughwort. See eupatorium. 

thought-reading. See telepathy. 

thought-transference. See telepathy. 

thoxos {thok'-sos). Trade name for a preparation 
containing lithium and strontium salicylate, colchi- 
cum, ash-bark, etc. 

thread. The spun and twisted fibers of cotton, 
linen, or silk, t.s, mycelial, the hyphae of the my- 
celium, t.s, nuclear, chromatin fibrils of the cell- 
nucleus, t.s, Simonart's. See bands, amniotic. 
t.-fungus, a general term for any kind of Trichophy- 
ton, t.-granules. See mitochondria, t.-reaction. 
See Pfaundler's reaction. 

threadworm. See Oxyuris. 

thready {thred'-e). Like a thread. See pulse. 

three-cornered bone. The cuneiform bone of the 
carpus. 

three-day fever. Synonym of dengue: 

thremmatology {threm-at-oV -o-je) [9pep.ua, a nurse- 
ling; X670S, science]. Experimental or artificial 
evolution. It includes the science of breeding, and. 
the laws of heredity and variation. 

threpsology {threp-sol'-o-je) » [0pei£«, nutrition; 
X670S, treatise]. The science of nutrition. 

threshold {thresh' -old). 1. The lower limit of 
stimulus capable of producing an impression upon 
consciousness. 2. The entrance of a canal, t., 
absolute, the lowest limit of perception of a sensation. 
t., auditory, the minimum perceptible sound, t., 
differential, the lowest limit at which two stimuli 
can be discriminated, t., double-point, the smallest 
distance apart at which two pointscan be felt as one. 
t., neuron. See neuron, t., relational, the ratio of 
two stimuli when their difference is just perceptible, 
t., stimulus. Same as t. absolute. 

thridacium {thri-da' -se-um) [0pi'5a£, lettuce]. The 
expressed and inspissated juice of the lettuce; a 
variety of lactucarium. 

thrill. A fine vibration felt by the hand. A thrill 
may be felt on palpation over an aneurysm, over a 
heart the seat of valvular disease, and over hydatid 
cysts, t., presystolic, a thrill which can sometimes 
be felt before the systole when the hand is placed 
over the apex-beat, t., purring, a thrill resembling 
that felt when the hand is placed on the back of a 

throat {throt) [AS., throte, throat]. 1. The an- 
terior part of the neck. 2. The pharynx and larynx; 
the fauces, t.-cough, a cough due to irritation of 
the pharynx apart from diseases of the respiratory 
tract, as from an elongated uvula, t.-mirror. See 
laryngeal mirror, t., sore, pharyngitis, t., sore, 
clergyman's, laryngitis caused by overuse through 
public speaking. 

throb. A pulsation or beating. 

throbbing {throb' -ing). A rhythmic beating, t. 
aorta, exaggerated pulsation of the abdominal 
aorta perceptible to the patient. 

throe {thro). A violent pang, or pain, as in parturi- 
tion. 

thromballosis {throm-bal-o'-sis) [thrombus; AXXoiw- 
o-is, a change]. The changed condition caused by 
coagulation of the venous blood. 

thrombase {throm' -bas). Same as thrombin. 

thrombectomy {throm-bek' -to-me) [thrombus; iKroprj, 
excision]. Excision of a thrombus. 

thrombin {throm'-bin) [thrombus]. The fibrin- 
ferment, the enzyme that causes coagulation of shed 
blood. 

thrombo- {throm-bo-) [6p6p0os, a thrombus]. A 
prefix denoting pertaining to a thrombus. 

thromboangiitis {throm-bo-an-je-i'-tis) [thrombo- ; 
ayyeiov, a vessel; ins, inflammation]. Thrombosis 
with inflammation of the intima of a vessel. 

thromboarteritis {throm-bo-ar-ter-i'-tis) [thrombo- ; 
arteritis]. Inflammation of an artery associated with 
thrombosis. 

thrombocystis {throm-bo-sis'-tis) [thrombo-; kvo-tls, 
a bladder]. The sac sometimes enveloping a throm- 
bus. 

thrombocyte {throm' -bo-sit) [thrombo-; kvtos, a 
cell]. Same as blood-platelet. 

thrombogen {throm' -bo-j en) [thrombo-; yewav. 



THROMBOGENIC 



889 



THYMINOL 



to produce]. The substance which, when activated 
by thrombokinase, becomes the fibrin-ferment, 
thrombin. 

thrombogenic (throm-bo-jen'-ik) [thrombo-; yewav, 
to produce]. I. Producing thrombi. 2. Relating 
to thrombogen. 

thromboid (throm'-boid) [thrombo-; eZ5oy, like]. 
Resembling or having the nature of a thrombus. 

thrombokinase (ihrom-bo-kin'-dse). An activating 
substance capable of transforming thrombogen into 
thrombin. 

thrombolymphangitis (throm-bo-lim-fan-ji'-tis) 

[thrombo- ; lymphangitis]. Lymphangitis, with throm- 
bosis. 

thrombopenia (throm-bo-pe'-ne-ah) [thrombo-; irevia, 
poverty]. Same as purpura hemorrhagica, q. v. 

thrombophlebitis (throm-bo-fteb-i 1 -tis) [thrombo- ; 
phlebitis]. Inflammation of a vein associated with 
thrombosis. 

thrombosed (throm'-bozd). i. Affected with 
thrombosis. 2. Clotted. 

thrombosin (throm' -bo-sin). One of the products 
of the cleavage of fibrinogen by acetic acid; it is a 
proteid body which passes into fibrin in the presence 
of soluble calcium salts. 

thrombosis (throm-bo'-sis) [thrombus]. The forma- 
tion of a thrombus, t., atrophic, that due to general 
malnutrition, t., cardiac, thrombosis of the heart. 
t., coagulation, that caused by fibrin coagulation, 
t., compression, that due to compression of a vessel, 
as by a tumor, t., dilatation, that which results 
from the slowing of the blood current next to the 
vessel-walls as the result of dilatation of a vessel 
(as in aneurysms, varices) or of the heart, t., 
Lancereaux's law of, marantic thromboses always 
occur at the points where there is the greatest 
tendency to stasis; that is where the influence of the 
cardiac propulsion and of thoracic aspiration is least. 
t., marantic. Same as t., atrophic, t., marasmic. 
Same as t., atrophic, t. placental, that of the uterine 
veins of the site of the placenta, t., plate. See 
thrombus, autochthonous, t., puerperal venous, pu- 
erperal thrombosis of the uterine veins. 

thrombostasis (throm-bo-sta'-sis) [thrombo-; stasis]. 
Stasis of blood leading to formation of a thrombus. 

thrombotic (throm-bot'-ik) [thrombosis]. Pertaining 
to or produced by thrombosis. 

thrombus (throm' -bus) [dponflos, a clot: pi., thrombi]. 
A clot of blood formed within the heart or blood- 
vessels due usually to a slowing of the circulation 
or to alteration of the blood or vessel- walls, t., 
annular, one that involves the whole circumference 
of the vessel but does not entirely occlude it. t., 
antemortem, the white thrombi in the heart and 
large vessels formed before death, t,, autochthonous. 
Same as t. blood-plate, t., ball, a small or large, 
rounded, antemortem clot found in the heart, espe- 
cially in the auricles, t., blood-plate, that ascribed 
by Eberth to agglutination of blood-plates, t., 
currant-jelly, a soft, reddish, postmortem clot, t., 
Laennec's, a globular thrombus formed in the heart, 
especially in cases where the latter is the seat of fatty 
degeneration, t., lateral, a clot attached to the vessel- 
wall, and not obstructing the lumen completely. 
t. neonatorum. Same as cephalhematoma, t., ob- 
structing, one completely obstructing the lumen of 
the vessel, t., parietal, or valvular, one adherent 
to the wall of a vessel or the heart and not entirely 
occluding the vessel, t., progressive, one that grows 
into the lumen of the vessel, t., stratified, one in 
which there are successive layers of fibrinous deposit 
and of varying color, t. vulvae, t. vaginas, hematoma 
of the labium pudendi majus. t. white. See t., 
antemortem. 

throttle (throt'-l). 1. The throat. 2. To choke; 
to suffocate. 

through-drainage. A method of drainage in which 
a perforated tube is carried through the cavity to 
be drained, so that the latter can be flushed through 
and through by the injection of fluid into one end of 
the tube. 

through-illumination. Transillumination. 

throwback (thro'-bak). 1. To show reversion in 
characters to those of the offspring of a previous sire 
or to those of the first sire. See infection (2), telegony, 
reversion. 2. To reduce in class or rank. 

thrush. A form of stomatitis due to a specific 
fungus, Oidium albicans or Saccharomyces albicans, 
and characterized by the presence of diffuse white 
patches. It occurs especially in weakly children, 



but may affect adults depressed by wasting diseases. 
2. A diseased condition of the frog of the horse's 
foot, with a foul-smelling discharge. 

thrypsis (thrip'-sis) [dpinpis, a crushing]. A com- 
minuted fracture. 

Thudichum's test (too'-de-koom) [Johann Ludwig 
Wilhelm Thudichum, German physician, 1820-1901]. 
For creatinine: a dilute solution of ferric chloride 
is added to the suspected fluid; the presence of 
creatinine is shown by a dark red color which is 
increased by warming. 

Thuja (thu'-jah). A genus of trees of the order 
Coniferoe. T. occidentalis or arbor vitas has been 
used in intermittent fever, rheumatism, scurvy, and 
as an emmenagogue. t., oleum, a volatile oil of 
camphoraceous odor, composed of thujol and terpene. 
Dose, ttjj j-v. 

thujetin (thu' -jet-in). A dissociation: product of 
thujin by prolonged heating with sulphuric acid. 
A yellow crystalline powder similar to quercitrin, 
soluble in alcohol and ether. 

thujin (thii'-jin). A glucoside similar to quercitrin 
found in Thuja occidentalis. 

thujol (thu'-jol). An oily liquid, the chief consti- 
tuent of Thuja occidentalis. It increases the blood- 
pressure and has antipyretic properties. 

thujone (thu' -j on). A colorless oily ketone, which 
causes the symptoms found in absinthism. 

thulium (thu'-le-um) [Thule, northland]. An ele- 
ment occurring in some rare metals; symbol Tm; 
atomic weight, 168.5. See elements, table of. 

thumb (thum). The digit on the extreme radial 
side of the hand, differing from the other digits in 
having but two phalanges, and in that its metacarpal 
bone is separately movable, t.-exercise. See under 
exercise, t.-lancet, a lancet with a broad pointed 
extremity and a double cutting edge, t.-marks, 
an impression made by the thumb, t., stub-. See 
stub-thumb. 

thumps. An affection in the horse, identical with 
hiccough in man, due to spasmodic action of the 
diaphragm. 

thunder-struck disease. Synonym of apoplexy. 

thus [L., gen., thuris, "incense"]. 1. True 
frankincense or olibanum. 2. Turpentine of pinetrees. 

thuya (thu' -yah). See thuja. 

thylacitis (thi-las-i'-tis) [dvKcuaov, a little bag]. 
Inflammation of the sebaceous glands. Acne rosacea. 

thyma (thi'-mah). A corruption of ecthyma and 
also of thymion. 

thymacetin (thi-mas'-et-in) [thyme; acetum, vine- 
gar], C6H2(CH 3 )(C8H-)(OC2H5)NH(CiHsO). A de- 
rivative of thymol used as an antineuralgic. Dose 
3-15 gr. (0.2-1.0 Gm.). 

thymasthma (thi-maz'-mah). See thymic asthma. 

thyme (tlm) [dviiov, thyme]. The genus Thymus, 
of the order Labiates. Thymus vulgaris yields a 
volatile oil in which are found cymene, thymene, and 
thymol, t., oil of (oleum thymi, U. S. P.), a volatile 
oil distilled from the leaves and tops of Thymus 
vulgaris; often misnamed oil of origanum. Dose 
3 min. (0.2 Cc). 

thymectomize (thi-mek' -to-miz) [thymectomy]. To 
excise the thymus gland. 

thymectomy (thi-mek' -to-me) [thymus; enroM, ex- 
cision]. Excision of the thymus. 

thymegol (thi-me'-gol). An antiseptic and emetic 
forming a red-brown powder; said to be a parasul- 
phonic derivative of potassium, thymol, and mercury. 

thymelcosis (thi-mel-ko'-sis) [thymus; IXwoffis, 
ulceration]. Ulceration of the thymus gland. 

thymene (ti'-men or thi'-men) [thyme]. A hydro- 
carbon existing in oil of thyme. 

thymhydroquinone (thim-hi-dro-kwin'-on). A re- 
duction product of thymoquinone. 

thymic (thi'-mik, also for first definition, ti'-mik) 
[thyme; thymus]. 1. Pertaining to or contained in 
thyme. 2. Pertaining to the thymus gland, t. acid, 
thymol, t. asthma, a form of laryngismus stridulus 
consisting in a temporary suspension of respiration, 
attributed to enlargement of the thymus, t. death, 
sudden death, occurring in status lymphaticus. 

thymicolymphatic (thi-mik-o-lim-fat'-ik). Pertain- 
ing to the status lymphaticus. 

thymin (thi'-min), C5H6N2O2. A crystalline body 
obtained by boiling nucleic acid from the thymus 
gland of the calf with dilute sulphuric acid. 

thyminol (ti'-min-ol). An antiseptic liquid said 
to be a solution of thymol, eucalyptol, menthol, 
Baptisia, benzoic, boric, and salicylic acids. 



THYMIODIDE 



890 



THYROID 



thymiodide (thi-mi'-o-dtd). Thymol iodide. 

thymi oleum. The volatile oil of garden thyme; 
it is important as a source of thymol. It has the 
general properties of the terpenes and mints; it is 
often sold as oil of marjoram, which it resembles. 

thymion (thi'-me-on) [dvfuov]. A wart; a condyloma. 

thymiosis (thi-me'-o-sis) [thymion]. i. Yaws. 
2. A condition associated with the formation of 
warty growths. 

thymitis {thi-mi'-tis) [thymus; ins, inflammation]. 
Inflammation of the thymus gland. 

thymoform {thi' -mo-form) . A reaction-product of 
thymol and formaldehyde; used as are iodoform and 
dermatol. 

thymohydroquinone (thi-mo-hi-dro-kwin'-on). A 
substance occurring in the urine after the ingestion 
of thymol. 

thymokesis (thi-mo-ke'-sis). Persistence or en- 
largement of the thymus gland in an adult. 

thymol (ti'-mol or thi'-mol) [thyme; oleum, oil], 
C10H13 . HO. A phenol derived from the volatile 
oils of Thymus vulgaris, Monarda punctata, and 
Carum ajowan. It is a crystalline solid, melting at 
44° C, very slightly soluble in water, and is used as 
a local antiseptic and deodorant in ulcers, leukorrhea, 
and stomatitis, as an intestinal antiseptic, and as 
an anthelmintic. Dose 1-2 gr. (0.065-0.13 Gm.). 
t. camphor. See camphor, t. carbonate, recom- 
mended as preferable to thymol in uncinariasis. 
Dose 30 gr. (2 Gm.). Syn., thymotol. t. chlormethyl- 
salicylate, a condensation product of thymol and 
chlormethyl salicylic acid. Antiseptic, t. gauze, 
contains 1 per cent of thymol, t. inhalation, thymol 
gr. xx, alcohol 5 iij, magnesium carbonate gr. x, 
water ad 3 iij ; add a teaspoonful to a pint of water. 
t. iodide. Same as arislol. t. salicylate, C10H13O . - 
C7H5O3, an intestinal antiseptic, t. solution, for 
spraying, 1 : 1000. thymol solution (Volkmann's), 
thymol 1, alcohol 20, glycerin 20; dissolve and add 
to water 1000. It is used as a spray and antiseptic 
lotion; it does not produce eczema, as carbolic lotions 
do. t. urethane, a compound of thymol and thymol 
carbonic ester forming colorless crystals insoluble 
in water; used as an anthelmintic. 

thymolize (thi'-mol-iz). To treat with thymol. 

thymoloform (thi-moV '-o-form) . Thymoform. 

thymolol (thi'-mol-ol). Thymol iodide; aristol. 

thymopathy (thi-mop'-ath-e) 1. [thymus; iraOos, 
suffering]. Any disease of the thymus gland. 2. Al- 
so [Ovpos, the mind; irados, suffering]. Mental dis- 
order. 

thymoprivous* (thi-mop'-riv-us) [thymus; privus, 
bereft of]. Pertaining to or caused by removal or 
premature atrophy of the thymus. 

thymotol (thi'-mo-tol). See thymol carbonate. 

thymoxalme (thi-moks-al'-me) [thyme; 6£vs, sharp: 
&Xs, salt]. A mixture of thyme, vinegar, and salt. 

thymozone (thi'-mo-zon). A combination of 
Eucalyptus globulus. Thymus vulgaris, and Pinus 
sylvestris, with benzoic, boric, and salicylic acids. 
A nonirritating compound used as an internal anti- 
septic and externally as is phenol. 

thymuin (thi'-mu-in). A trade name of a prepara- 
tion containing thymus adrenals, steapsin, sodium 
cacodylate, and nascent ferrous carbonate. 

thymus (thi'-mus) [06 M °s, the thymus|. 1. An 
organ situated in the anterior superior mediastinum. 
It continues to develop until the second year of life, 
afterward remains stationary until about the four- 
teenth, and then undergoes fatty metamorphosis 
and atrophy. The thymus consists of lobules largely 
composed of lymphadenoid tissue in which minute 
concentric bodies, the corpuscles of Hassal, are found. 
The latter are remnants of epithelial structures. 
2. A genus of labiate plants. See thyme, t. death, 
sudden death assumed to be due to enlargement of the 
thymus gland, t. gland. Same as thymus (1). 

thyraden (thi'-ra-den). See thyroidin. 

thyrein (thi'-re-in). See iodothyrin. 

thyremphraxis (thi-rem-fraks'-is) [thyroid; l/i<£pa£is, 
stoppage]. Lessened or abolished function of the 
thyroid gland. 

thyreo- (thi-re-o-). See thyro-. 

thyreoadenitis. See thyroadenitis. 

thyreoantitoxin. See thyroantitoxin. 

thyreocele. See thyrocele. 

thyreochondrotomy. See thyrochondrotomy. 

thyreocricotomy. See thyrocricotomy. 

thyreoepiglottideus. Thyroepiglottideus muscle. 
See under muscles. 



thyreohyoideus. See thyrohyoid. 

thyreoid (thi'-re-oid). See thyroid. 

thyreoidectomy. See thyroidectomy. 

thyreoidin. See thyroidin. 

thyreoiditis. See thyroiditis. 

thyreoidotomy. See thyroidotomy. 

thyreoitis. See thyroiditis. 

thyreoncus. Same as thyrocele. 

thyreophyma. See thyrophyma. 

thyreoprivus. See thyroprivus. 

thyreoprotein. See thyroprotein, and thyroanti- 
toxin. 

thyreotomy. See thyrotomy. 

thyreotoxic See thyrotoxin. 

thyrine (thi' '-r en). Proposed name for the active 
principle of the thyroid gland. 

thyro- (thi-ro-) [dvpeos, a shield, and hence, from 
similarity of shape and function, the thyroid gland 
or cartilage]. A prefix signifying relationship to the 
thyroid gland. 

thyroadenitis (thi-ro-ad-en-i'-tis) [thyroid; ab-qv, 
gland; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the 
thyroid gland. 

thyroantitoxin (thi-ro-an-le-toks'-in) [thyro-; anti- 
toxin]. 1. C6H11N3O.5. A proteid constituent of the 
thyroid gland. 2. A preparation of the thyroid 
gland used in exophthalmic goiter, bronchocele, etc. 
Dose 2 gr. (0.13 Gm.) daily. 

thyroarytenoid (thi-ro-ar-it'-en-oid) [thyro-; aryte- 
noid]. Pertaining to the thyroid and arytenoid 
cartilages, as the thyroarytenoid ligaments, thyro- 
arytenoid muscle (thyroarytenoideus) . 

thyrocele (thi'-ro-sel) [thyro-; /07XJ7, a tumor]. 
A tumor affecting the thyroid gland; goiter. 

thyrochondrotomy (thi-ro-kon-drot'-o-me) [thyro- ; 
xovdpos, cartilage; Tkuveiv, to cut]. Incision of the 
thyroid cartilage. 

thyrochrom (thi'-ro-krom). An alcoholic extract 
of the thyroid gland of the calf. 

thyrocolloid (thi-ro-kol'-oid). A proprietary prep- 
aration of the thyroid glands of sheep. 

thyrocricotomy (thi-ro-kri-kot' -o-me) [thyroid; cri- 
cotomy]. Tracheotomy performed through the crico- 
thyroid membrane. 

thyrodyl (thi'-ro-dil). Trade name of a prepara- 
tion containing thyroid, pituitary, and adrenal 
glands. 

thyroepiglottic (thi-ro-ep-e-glot'-ik) [thyro-; epi- 
glottis]. Pertaining to the thyroid cartilage and the 
epiglottis, as the thyroepiglottic muscle (thyroepi- 
glottideus). 

thyrogenous (thi-roj'-en-us) [thyro-; ytwav, to 
produce]. Originating in the thyroid gland. 

thyroglandin (thi-ro- gland' -in). A compound of 
iodoglobulin and, thyroidin, in the form and pro- 
portion in which they exist in the thyroid gland. 
Dose 3-5 gr. (0.19-0.32 Gm.) for myxedema and 
obesity. 

thyroglobulin (thi-ro-glob'-u-lin). The iodine- 
proteid of the thyroid secreted by it and lodged in 
the collofd substance. 

thyroglossal (thi-ro-glos'-al) [thyro-; y\€i<nya, 
tongue]. Pertaining to the thyroid and the tongue, 
t.- duct, a fetal passage between the thyroid gland 
and the tongue. 

thyrohyal (thi-ro-hi'-al). See thyrohyoid. 

thyrohyoid (thi-ro-hi'-oid) [thyro-; hyoid]. Per- 
taining to the thyroid cartilage and hyoid bone, as 
the thyrohyoid membrane. See under muscles. 

thyroid (thi'-roid) [dvpeos, shield; elSos, like]. 1. 
Shield-shaped. 2. Pertaining to the thyroid gland. 
3. Pertaining to the thyroid cartilage. 4. Per- 
taining to the thyroid foramen. 5. The thyroid 
gland, t. accessory, an outlying portion of thyroid, 
t. axis. See arteries, table of. t. body. See t. gland. 
t. cartilage, the largest of the laryngeal cartilages, 
united at an angle in front called the pomum adami. 
t. extract. See under t. gland, t. foramen. See 
foramen, thyroid, t. gland, one of the so-called duct- 
less glands, lying in front of the trachea, and con- 
sisting of two lateral lobes, connected centrally by 
an isthmus. The organ is composed of follicles lined 
by epithelium, producing a peculiar colloid material. 
The function of the organ is not definitely known, 
but it is supposed to be the production of some 
substance necessary to the body — an internal secre- 
tion that may counteract poisons produced in the 
system. Hypertrophy of the gland (goiter) is some- 
times associated with a peculiar disease known as 
exophthalmic goiter; absence of the gland leads to 



THYROIDECTIX 



891 



TIMBRE 



cretinism or myxedema. An extract prepared from 
the thyroid gland of animals (thyroid extract) and 
other preparations of the gland are used medicinally. 
See organotherapy, t. therapy, the treatment of 
disease by the administration of thyroid-extract. 

thyroidectin (thi-roi-dek'-tin). Trade name of a 
substance prepared from the blood of thyroidecto- 
mized animals; it has been used in exophthalmic 
goiter in 5 grain doses. 

thyroidectomized (thi-roid' ' -ek-tom-izd) . See thyro- 
prival. 

thyroidectomy (thi-roi-dek'-lo-me) [thyroid; eKrofirj, 
■excision]. Excision of the thyroid gland. 

thyroidin (thi-roi' -din) [thyroid; e'iSos, like]. A 
proprietary lactose trituration of dried extract of 
thyroid gland ; one part represents two parts of fresh 
gland. It is an alterative used in myxedema, struma, 
and psoriasis. Dose 15-24 gr. (1.0-1.5 Gm.) daily. 

thyroidism (thi'-roid-izm). 1. Disturbances pro- 
duced by hypertrophy of the thyroid gland. 2. A 
series of phenomena due to continued use of thyroid 
preparations. 3. Disturbances due to removal of 
the thyroid. 

thyroiditis (thi-roi-di'-tis) [thyroid; ltls, inflamma- 
tion]. Inflammation of the thyroid gland. 

thyroidization (thi-roid-i-za'-shun). Treatment 
with thyroid gland preparations. 

thyroidotomy (thi-roi-dof -o-me) [thyroid; tom, a 
cutting]. Incision of the thyroid gland. 

thyroidotoxin {thi-roid-o-toks' -in) . A substance 
specifically toxic for the cells of the thyroid gland. 

thyroigenous (thi-roi' -jen-us). Originating in 
disturbances of the thyroid gland. 

thyroiodine (thi-ro-i'-od-in). A substance found 
principally combined with a proteid, but also free 
in the thyroid gland. Syn., iodothyrin. 

thyrolaryngeal (thi-ro-lar-in'-je-al). Relating to 
the larynx and the thyroid body. 

thyrolingual (thi-ro-ling'-gwal). Relating to the 
thyroid and the tongue: thyroglossal. 

thyrolytic (thi-ro-lit'-ik) [thyroid; Xixris, dissolution]. 
Destruction of thyroid tissue. 

thyron (thi'-ron). Trade name of a substance 
prepared from pigs' thyroids. 

thyroncus (thi-ronk'-us) [thyroid; oyKos, tumor]. 
Same as thyrocele. 

thyrophyma (thi-ro-fi'-mah) [thyro-; <pvfxa, a tumor]. 
Enlargement of the thyroid gland. 

thyroprival (thi-ro-pri'-val) [thyro-; privare, to 
deprive]. Due to loss of function or removal of the 
thyroid gland. 

thyroprivus (thi-ro-pri'-vus) [thyroprival]. 1. De- 
prived of the thyroid gland. 2. A morbid condition 
due to loss of the thyroid gland. 

thyroprotein (thi-ro-pro'-te-in). . 1. An albumin 
from the thyroid gland. 2. A toxic protein from 
the thyroid gland. 

thyroptosis (thi-rop-to'-sis) [thyro-; 7rrai<ris, a falling]. 
Displacement of a goitrous thyroid so as to be con- 
cealed in the thorax. 

thyrotherapy (thi-ro-ther'-ap-e) [thyroid; therapy]. 
Treatment of disease by thyroid gland preparations. 

thyrotomy (thi-rof -o-me) [thyro-; roufi, a cutting]. 
Incision or splitting of the thyroid cartilage. 

thyrotoxicosis (thi-ro-toks-ik-o'-sis) [thyroid; to^lkov, 
a poison]. 1. Poisoning by thyroid secretion. 
2. Exophthalmic goiter. 

thyrotoxin (thi-ro-toks' -in) . A cytotoxin obtained 
by injections of emulsion of thyroid glands. 

thyrsus (thur'-sus) [dvpaos, a stalk]. The penis. 

Ti. Chemical symbol of titanium. 

tibia (tib'-e-ah) [L., "shin"]. The larger of the 
two bones of the leg, commonly called the shin- 
bone, articulating with the femur, fibula, and astraga- 
lus. 

tibiad (lib'-e-ad) [tibia; ad, to]. Toward the 
tibial aspect. 

tibial (tib'-e-al) [tibia]. 1. Pertaining to or in relation 
with the tibia, as the tibial muscle (tibialis), tibial 
artery, tibial nerve. 2. Referring to the inner or 
medial border of the leg. 

tibialis (tib-e-a'-lis). 1. Tibial: pertaining to the 
tibia. 2. A muscle connected with the tibia. See 
muscles, table of. 

tibien (tib'-e-en) [tibia]. Belonging to the tibia 
in itself. 

tibio- (tib-e-o-) [tibia]. A prefix meaning pertaining 
to the tibia. 

tibiocalcanean (tib-e-o-kal-ka'-ne-an) [tibio-; cal- 
caneus]. Pertaining to the tibia and the calcaneus. 



tibiofemoral (tib-e-o-fetn'-or-al) [tibio-; femur]. 
Pertaining to the tibia and the femur. 

tibiofibular (tib-e-o-fib'-u-lar) [tibio-; fibula]. Per- 
taining to the tibia and the fibula. 

tibionavicular (tib-e-o-nav-ik' -u-lar) [tibio-; navicula, 
a boat]. Relating to the tibia and the navicular or 
scaphoid bone of the tarsus. 

tibioperoneal (tib-e-o-per-o-yie'-al) [tibio-; peroneus]. 
Same as tibiofibular. 

tibioscaphoid (tib-e-o-skaf'-oid). Same as tibio- 
navicular. 

tibiotarsal (iib-e-o-tar'-sal) [tibio-; tarsus]. Per- 
taining to the tibia and the tarsus. 

tic (tik) [Fr.]. A twitching, especially of the facial 
muscles: t. convulsif, t., convulsive, spasm of the 
facial muscles, t. douloureux, neuralgia of the 
trifacial nerve, t. impulsive. Same as Gilles de la 
Tourette's disease, t., painless, the occurrence, at 
intervals, of sudden rapid involuntary contraction 
in a muscle or group of muscles, t. rotatoire, or 
t. giratoire, spasmodic torticollis, spinal accessory 
spasm: a spasm of certain muscles by which the 
head and neck are forcibly rotated to one side or 
from one side to the other. 

tick (tik). A name applied to several species of 
A car us. t. fever. 1. Texas fever. 2. Rocky Moun- 
tain spotted fever. 3. African relapsing fever. 

tickle (tik' -I). To touch so as to cause a peculiar 
sensation (tickling or titillation) , usually associated 
with laughing and reflex muscular movements. 

Ticorea (ti-ko'-re-ah). A genus of rutaceous plants 
of S. America. The bark of T. febrifuga is used in 
fevers; other species also are medicinal. 

ticpolonga (tik-po-long'-gah). The cobra manil; 
a venomous serpent of Ceylon. 

ticuna (ti-ku' -nah) . A powerfully convulsant arrow 
poison of S. American origin and of unknown deriva- 
tion. 

t. i. d. An abbreviation for the Latin ter in die, 
three times a day. 

tidal air. See under respiration, t. breathing, 
Cheyne-Stokes respiration. t. wave. See wave, 
tidal. 

tide (tid). A definite period of time, t., acid, a 
transient condition of increased acidity of the urine, 
sometimes seen after fasting, t., alkaline, the tran- 
sient condition of alkalinity of the urine, occurring 
during digestion, when by reason of the determination 
of acid to the stomach there is a diminution of the 
acid salts secreted by the kidney. 

Tidy's test for albumin in the urine (ti'-de) [Charles 
Meymott Tidy, English physician, 1 843-1 892]. 
Phenol and acetic acid, or phenol and alcohol will 
cause a white precipitate if albumin is present. 

Tiedemann's glands (te'-de-man) [Friedrich Tiede- 
mann, German anatomist, 1781-1861]. See Bartho- 
lin, glands of. T.'s nerve, a plexus of delicate nerve- 
fibers derived from the ciliary nerves, and surrounding 
the central artery of the retina. 

tiglic aldehyde (tig'-lik aV '-de-hid). See croton 
aldehyde. 

tiglium (tig'-le-um). A plant, Croton tiglium, of 
the t- order Euphorbiacea. It contains a fixed oil. 
tiglii, oleum (U. S. P.), croton oil (oleum crotonis, 
B. P.); a powerful local irritant, and used, locally, 
as a counterirritant in gout, rheumatism, neuralgia, 
glandular swellings, etc. It is an active purgative, 
especially useful when a prompt effect is desired, 
as in mania, coma, etc. Dose 1 or 2 drops (0.065- 
0.13 Cc). 

tigretier (te-gra-te-a') [Fr.]. A form of tarentism 
due to the bite of a poisonous spider. 

tigroid (ti-groid') [TiypoeiS-ns, spotted]. A term 
applied to chromophil corpuscles, t. bodies, t. 
masses. See Nissl's bodies. 

tigrolysis (ti-grol'-is-is). Disintegration of the 
tigroid masses in a cell. 

Tilia (til'-e-ah) [L.]. A genus of exogenous trees — 
the linden or basswood. 

tiliacin (til-i'-as-in). A glucoside found in the 
leaves of the linden tree (tilia). 

Tillaux-Phocas' disease (le-lo') [Paul Jules Tillaux, 
French surgeon, 1834- ]. See Phocas' disease. 

tilletia (til-e-she'-ah) [L.]. A genus of ustilagineous 
fungi. 

tilmus (til'-mus) [tiX/ioi, a pulling]. Carphology. 

timbre (tam'-br) [Fr.]. The peculiar quality of a 
tone, other than pitch and intensity, that makes it 
distinctive. It depends upon the overtones of the 
vibrating body. 



TIME 



892 



tissue: 



time. The duration of an event or phenomenon. 
t., inertia, in the stimulation of a muscle or sense- 
organ the latent time required to overcome the inertia 
of the muscle or organ after the reception of the 
stimulus through the nerve, t., persistence. See 
under persistence, t., reaction, that required for 
the conduction of a sensory impulse of the center, 
combined with that of the duration of the perception, 
of the direction of attention (apperception), of the 
voluntary impulse, and of the return of a motor 
impulse to the muscles, with their consequent 
activity, t., recognition, the time required for the 
recognition of the kind of stimulus after its appli- 
cation, t.-sense, the perception of the lapse of time. 

tin. A silvery- white, metallic, malleable element, 
having a specific gravity of 7.25, an atomic weight 
of 119, an atomicity of two or four. Symbol Sn, 
from the Latin stannum. t. chloride, stannous 
chloride, SnCl2+2H20, is used as a reagent, t., 
precipitated (galvanically), recommended as a vermi- 
fuge against tape-worm. Dose 9 gr. (0.5 Gm.) 
every fifteen minutes until five or six doses have 
been taken. 

tincae, os (ting'-ke) [L. "the tench's mouth"]. An 
old name for the os uteri. 

tincal (ting'-kal). Crude or native borax. 

tinct. An abbreviation of tinctura, tincture. 

tinctable (tink'-tab-l). Tingible; stainable. 

tinction (ting' -shun) [tingere, to dye]. A staining 
material. A tint. The process of staining. 

tinctorial (ting-to' -re-al) [tingere, to dye]. Per- 
taining to staining or dyeing. 

tinctura (ting-til' -rah) [L.; gen. and pi. tinctures]. 
Tincture. 

tincturation (ting-tu-ra' -shun) [tinctura, tincture]. 
The preparation of a tincture; the treatment of a 
substance in such a way as to make a tincture from 
it. 

tincture (tingk'-tiir) [tinctura, from tingere, to 
tinge]. 1. A solution of the medicinal principles of a 
substance in a fluid other than water or glycerol. 
2. Specifically, an alcoholic solution of a medicinal 
substance, t., ammoniated, one made with am- 
moniated alcohol, t., ethereal, one made with ether. 
t.s of fresh herbs (tinctura herbarum recentium, 
U. S. P.), prepared by macerating fresh herbs with 
alcohol. 

tinea (iin'-e-ah) [L., "a moth; a worm"]. Ring- 
worm ; a generic term applied to a class of skin diseases 
caused by parasitic fungi, formerly applied to many 
spreading cutaneous diseases. t. amiantacea, t. 
asbestina, seborrhea of the scalp in which the crusts 
resemble asbestos, t. axillaris, ringworm of the 
axilla, t. barbae. Same as t. sycosis, t. capitis, 
ringworm of the scalp, t. circinata. See under /. 
trichophytina. t. corporis. Same as t. trichophytina. 
t. cruris. See under t. trichophytina. t. decalvans, 
alopecia areata, t. favosa, favus. t. furfuracea, 
seborrhcea sicca, t. imbricata, a disease occurring 
in the East Indies, and characterized by the forma- 
tion of concentric scaly patches and intense itching. 
Syn., Bowditch Island ringworm; Tokelau ringworm. 
t. kerion, a markedly inflammatory form of ring- 
worm of the scalp (tinea tonsurans) , giving rise to the 
formation of an edematous, boggy swelling dis- 
charging a mucoid secretion, t. lupinosa. Same as 
t. favosa, t. nodosa, a nodose condition of the hair 
of the mustache, accompanied by thickening, rough- 
ness, and fragility, t. sycosis. See under t. tricho- 
phytina. t. tarsi, blepharitis ulcerosa, t. tonsurans. 
See under t. trichophytina. t. trichophytina, ring- 
worm, a spreading, contagious disease of the skin 
due to a vegetable fungus, the Trichophyton. On the 
non-hairy parts of the body (tinea trichophytina 
corporis, tinea circinata) it presents itself by spreading, 
scaly patches, tending to clear in the center. On 
the thighs and scrotum (tinea trichophytina cruris) 
it is apt to assume the appearance of eczema, hence 
it is also called eczema marginatum. The nails may 
be affected (tinea trichophytina unguium), becoming 
grayish, opaque, and brittle. On the scalp (tinea 
trichophytina capitis, tinea tonsurans) it forms round- 
ed, grayish, slightly elevated, scaly patches, with 
brittleness and loss of the hair. Ringworm of 
the bearded region (tinea trichophytina barbae, tinea 
sycosis, parasitic sycosis, barber's itch) forms at first 
rounded, scaly patches, which soon become nodular 
and lumpy and tend to break down. t. vera. Syno- 
nym of favus. t. versicolor, a disease of the skin 
due to a vegetable parasite, Microsporon furfur. It 



is characterized by brownish-yellow macules that 
coalesce to form extensive areas of eruption. There 
is usually slight itching. C. W. Allen's iodine test 
is of value for the recognition of suspected areas; 
it consists in the application of iodine solution, 
preferably Lugol's (iodine, 5; potassium iodide, 10; 
water, 100). The diseased portion will stain deep- 
brown or mahogany color, in contrast to the light- 
yellow coloration of healthy tissue. 

tingible (tinj'-ib-l) [tingere, to tinge]. Capable 
of being stained ; stainable. 

tingle (ting'-gl). A pricking or stinging sensation; 
the feeling of a slight, sharp, and sudden thrill, as 
of pain. 

tinkling (tink'-Ung). A chinking sound, heard over 
a pneumothorax or a large pulmonary cavity. Syn., 
metallic tinkling. 

tinnitus (tin-i'-tus or tin'-it-us) [tinnire, to tinkle]. 
A subjective ringing, roaring, or hissing sound heard 
in the ears. Syn., tinnitus aurium. t., telephone,, 
a professional neurosis or abnormal nervous condition 
of the auditory apparatus, believed to be caused by 
the continual use of the telephone. 

tintometer (tint-om' -et-ur) [tint; fikrpov, measure]. 
An instrument to measure the amount of coloring- 
matter in a liquid. 

tip. The point or summit of anything, t.-foot,. 
talipes equinus; a variety of club-foot, t., Woolner's* 
the apex of the helix of the ear. , 

tiqueur (te-ker') [Fr.]. One exhibiting the clonic 
or tonic movements designated as tics. 

tire (tlr). 1. A sense of weariness and exhaustion;, 
fag. 2. To pass a wire (as a tire around a wheel) 
around a fractured patella. 

tireballe (ter-baV) [Fr. tirer, to draw; balle, ball]. 
An instrument for extracting bullets from a part. 
It resembles a corkscrew. 

tirefond (ter-fon(g)') [Fr. tirer, to draw; fond, 
bottom]. An instrument for penetrating a cavity 
or tissue, transfixing and withdrawing foreign, 
bodies, and usually made in the form of a gimlet. 

tisane (te-zan'). Any decoction or beverage having 
slight curative or restorative qualities. See ptisan. 

tissue (tish'-oo) [Fr., tissu.from L., texere, to weave]. 
An aggregation of similar cells and fibers, forming a 
distinct structure, and entering as such into the 
formation of an organ or organism, t., adenoid. 
See t., lymphadenoid. t., adipose, fatty tissue, a 
form of connective tissue consisting of fat : cells 
lodged in the meshes of areolar tissue, t., animal* 
a general name for any of the textures which form the 
elementary structures of the body, and of which 
there are four classes: epithelial, connective, muscular 
and nervous, t., areolar, a form of connective tissue 
consisting of cells and delicate, elastic fibers inter- 
lacing in every direction, t., basement, the tissue 
of the basement membrane, t., cancellous, the 
spongy tissue of bones, t., cartilaginous. See 
cartilage, t., connective, a general term for all 
those tissues of the body that support the essential 
elements or parenchyma. The most important 
varieties are adipose tissue, areolar tissue, osseous 
tissue, cartilaginous tissue, elastic tissue, fibrous 
tissue, lymphoid tissue, t., corneous, tissue found 
in the nails, hair, epidermis, etc. t., dental. See 
dentine, t., elastic, connective tissue composed of 
yellow elastic fibers, t., embryonal connective. 
See t., mucoid, t., epithelial. See epithelium. 
t., erectile, a spongy tissue that becomes expanded 
and hard when filled with blood, t., fibrous connec- 
tive, there are three varieties; white fibrous, yellow 
elastic, and areolar, the variety depending upon 
the character of the fibers. The fibers are imbedded 
in a matrix or a soft, homogeneous material that 
contains mucin, t. gelatinous, mucous tissue. 
t. glandular, a form of epithelial tissue, t., granu- 
lation. See granulation tissue. t., inflammatory* 
tissue formed during inflammation, t., interstitial 
connective. See t., areolar, t., intertubular, the 
dense tissue of dentine, t., lepidic. See lepidic. 
t., lymphadenoid, t., lymphoid, a form of connective 
tissue in which reticular meshes contain lymphoid 
cells; it composes the greater part of the lymphatic 
glands and is found in the spleen, tonsils, and the 
alimentary mucosa, t., mesenchymal, the embry- 
onic tissue from which the connective tissues are 
derived, t., mucoid, mucous, or gelatinous, connec- 
tive tissue such as is present in the umbilical cord of 
the fetus, t., mucous, a connective tissue such as is 
present in the umbilical cord of the fetus, t., muscu- 



TIT 



893 



TOLUIDINE 



lar. See muscular tissue, t., nervous, the intrinsic 
substance of a nerve or nerve-fiber, t., osseous. 
See bone, t., parenchymal, the areolar tissues that 
accompany vessels and nerves into the interior of 
organs and glands, giving them protection, t. reti- 
form, adenoid tissue, t., simple, that having but 
one or two structural elements, e. g. blood, lymph, 
epithelium, connective tissue of cartilage and bone, 
and nervous and muscular tissues, t., white fibrous, 
a form of connective tissue consisting of exceedingly 
fine, inelastic, transparent filaments. This tissue 
forms the greater part of ligaments, tendons, fascia, 
sheaths of muscles, periosteum, etc. t., yellow elastic, 
a very elastic yellowish tissue predominating in the 
subfiavous ligament, vocal bands, inner coats of 
blood-vessels, and the longitudinal coats of the 
trachea and bronchi. 

tit. The nipple. See teat. 

titanium (tit-a'-ne-um) [Tltcw, Titan]. A metal 
having a certain relationship to iron, chromium, and 
tin. It is extremely infusible and will scratch glass. 
Its medicinal properties are little understood. See 
elements, table of chemical. 

titer, titre (te'-ter) [Ft.]. A standard of fineness or 
strength. 

titillation (tit-il-a'-shun) [titillare, to tickle]. The 
act of tickling; the sensation produced by tickling. 

titration (tit-ra'-shun) [Fr., titre, standard of fine- 
ness]. Volumetric analysis by the aid of standard 
solutions. 

titubation (tii-u-ba'-shun) [titubare, to stagger]. 
A staggering gait seen especially in diseases of the 
cerebellum, t., lingual, stammering, stuttering. 

tixol (tiks'-ol). A preparation of arsenic into 
which animals are dipped, to exterminate ticks. 

Tizzoni's test (tid-zo'-ne) [Guido Tizzoni, Italian 
physician, 1853- ]. For iron in the tissues: A 
section of the tissue is treated with a 2 per cent, 
solution of potassium ferrocyanide and a one-half 
per cent, solution of hydrochloric acid. A blue 
color indicates the presence of iron. 

Tl. Chemical symbol of thallium. 

Tm. Chemical symbol of thulium. 

Tn. Abbreviation of normal intraocular tension. 

TO. Abbreviation for original or old tuberculin. 
See tuberculin. 

toadhead (tod-hed). A kind of head sometimes 
found in certain so-called acephalous monsters. 

toast (tost). Bread browned by the fire, t.- 
water, water in which toasted bread has been steeped; 
it is used as a beverage by invalids. 

tobacco (to-bak'-o) [Sp., tabaco, tobacco]. A plant, 
Nicotiana tabacum, of the order Solanaceoe, the dried 
leaves of which (tabaci folia, B. P.) contain a liquid 
alkaloid, nicotine, C10H14N2, which is also present in 
the seeds and root. Nicotine is one of the most 
active poisons known. Tobacco-smoke contains a 
series of bases, among which are pyridin, picolin, 
lutidin, parvolin, and others. Tobacco is used as a 
sedative in nearly all parts of the world, being 
smoked, chewed, or used as snuff. Its physiological 
action is that of a nauseant, antispasmodic, and 
depressant; it is also a local irritant. In medicine 
it has been employed as a relaxant in intestinal 
obstruction, being given in the form of an enema, 
but it is now rarely used except in asthma and 
locally in hemorrhoids, t.-ambryopia, amblyopia pro- 
duced by the prolonged and excessive use of tobacco. 
t.-heart, an irritable state of the heart, characterized 
by irregular action and palpitation, produced by ex- 
cessive indulgence in tobacco, t., Indian. See lobelia. 

tobaccoism ito-bak' -o-izm) . A morbid condition 
due to the use of tobacco. 

Tobin's tubes. A method of ventilation of rooms 
by the introduction of air through tubes placed in 
the wall. 

Tobold's apparatus (to'-bolt) [Adelbert August 
Oskar Tobold, German laryngologist, 1827- ]. 
An illuminating apparatus with a movable reflector 
for use with the laryngoscope. 

tocanalgine (tok-an-al'-jen) [tokos, birth; hv, priv. ; 
0X705, pain]. A morphine derivative used for pro- 
ducing analgesia in childbirth. 

tocodynamometer. See tokodynamometer. 

tocograph. See tokograph. 

tocology. See tokology. 

tocomania. See tokomania. 

tocometer (tok-om'-et-er). See tokodynamometer. 

tocus. See tokus. 

Todd's ascending process [Robert Bentley Todd, 



English physician, 1809-1860]. See Scarpa's fascia. 
T.'s cirrhosis, hypertrophic cirrhosis of the liver. 

toddalia (tod-a'-le-ah). A genus of rutaceous 
plants, t. aculeata, of S. Asia, is a useful aromatic 
stimulant and tonic. 

toddy (tod'-e) [Hindu, tadi, a palm tree]. 1. The 
fermented juice of the cocoa-nut palm, obtained by 
incision of the palm, and collected in pots hung to 
the trees under the cuts. It is then fermented and 
distilled. 2. A drink composed of sweetened spirits 
and water. 

toe [AS., td]. A digit of the foot, t.-brace, an 
appliance for correction of flat-foot and deformed 
toes, t.-clonus, contraction of the great toe on 
sudden extension of the first phalanx, t.-drop, 
inability to raise or extend the toes owing to paralysis 
of the muscles which dorsally flex the foot, t., 
flexed, t., hammer-, a claw-like permanent distortion 
of a toe in which it is abnormally flexed at the last 
joint, allowing the tip to rest on the ground while 
the first joint is raised above the proper level, t., 
Morton's. See Morton's foot. t. reflex. See reflex, 
toe. 

Toepfer's test for free HC1 in gastric contents 
(tep'-fer) [Alfred Eduard Franz Toepfer, German 
physician, 1858- ]. A few drops of a 0.5 alco- 
holic solution of dimethylamidoazobenzol gives a 
cherry red color to a fluid containing free hydro- 
chloric acid. 

toilet (toi'-let) [OF., toilette, a cloth]. In surgery, 
the cleansing, washing, and dressing of an operative 
wound. Also the cleansing of the parts after par- 
turition. 

Toison's solution (twah-zorn') [J. Toison, French 
histologist, 1858- ]. A solution containing 
methyl violet 0.025, sodium sulphate 8, sodium 
chloride 1, glycerine 30, water to 200. It is used as 
a diluting fluid and stain for white corpuscles. 

Tokelau ringworm. See tinea imbricata. 

tokodynamometer (tok-o-di-nam-om'-et-er) [tokos, 
birth; dynamometer]. An instrument for measuring 
the force of the expulsive efforts of the uterus in 
childbirth. 

tokograph (tok'-o-graf) [tokos, birth; ypcupeiv, to 
record]. A recording tokodynamometer. 

tokology (tok-ol'-o-je) [tokos, birth; Xoyos, science]. 
The science of obstetrics. 

tokomania (tok-o-ma'-ne-ah) [tokos, birth; navla, 
madness]. Puerperal insanity. 

tokus (to'-kus) [tokos, birth]. Childbirth. 

tolerance, toleration (tol'-er-ans, tol-er-a'-shun) 
[tolerare, to bear]. The ability of enduring the in- 
fluence of a drug or poison, particularly when ac- 
quired by a continued use of the substance. 

tolerant (tol'-er-ant) [tolerare, to bear]. With- 
standing the action of a medicine without injury. 

Tollen's reagent for glucose. An ammoniacal 
silver solution obtained by precipitating silver ni- 
trate solution with caustic potash and adding just 
enough ammonia to dissolve the precipitate yielded. 
This solution is reduced by glucose. 

tolokno (to-lok'-no). A food prepared chiefly 
from oats. Used in Russia for superalimentation in 
tuberculosis. 

tolphite (tol'-fit). A dusting-powder containing 
talcum. 

tolu (to-loo') [Santiago de Tolu, in the United 
States of Colombia, where it was first obtained]. 
Short for balsam of tolu. t., balsam of (balsamum 
tolutanum, U. S. P., B. P.), a balsam obtained from 
Toluifera balsamum, an evergreen tree of the order 
Leguminosce. It is used as a stimulant expectorant. 
Dose 10-30 gr. (0.65-2.0 Gm.). t., syrup of (syrupus 
tolutanus, U. S. P., B. P.). Dose 4 dr. (16 Cc). 
t., tincture of (tinctura tolutana, U. S. P., B. P.). 
Dose 30 min. (2 Cc). 

toluene (tol'-u-en) [tolu], C7H8. Methylbenzene; 
a hydrocarbon obtained from coal-tar and also pro- 
duced in the dry distillation of tolu balsam and 
many resins. 

toluidine (tol-u' -id-en) [tolu], C7H7 . NH 2 . A 
homologue of aniline, prepared from toluene, t. blue, 
CisHieNsSClZnCl, the double salt of zinc chloride 
and dimethyltoluthionin. It occurs as a black pow- 
der dissolving in water and alcohol with a fine blue 
coloration. It acts upon lower organisms as a 
powerful poison and may be employed as is methyl- 
ene-blue in infectious conjunctivitis, and also as a 
substitute for fluorescein in fixing the limits of corneal 
lesion. 



TOLUOL 



894 



TONSILLITIS 



toluol (tol'-u-ol). Same as toluene. 

tolylacetamide (lol-il-as-et-am'-id), CcHUCCHsNH) .- 
(C2H3O). A derivative of coal-tar; used as an anti- 
septic. Dose 2-10 gr. (0.32^0.65 Gm.). 

tolylantipyrine. See tolypyrine. 

tolypyrine (tol-e-pi'-ren), C12H14N2O. Colorless 
crystals of an intensely bitter taste, soluble in water 
and alcohol; used as is antipyrine. t. salicylate, 
C12H14N2O . C7H6O3. Dose, in rheumatism, etc., 
15-30 gr. (1-2 Gm.). 

tolysal (tol'-is-al). Tolypyrine salicylate. 

Tomaselli's disease (to-mah-sel'-le). Quinine fever, 
produced by large doses of quinine; it is attended 
with hematuria, dysuria, dyspnea, threatened col- 
lapse. 

tomato (to-ma'-to). The ripe fruit of the common 
tomato, Lycopersicum esculentum. It is said to be 
useful in canker of the mouth, sore mouth, etc. 

tomentum (to-men' -turn) [L.]. A lock of wool. 
t. cerebri, the network of small blood-vessels of the 
pia penetrating the cortex of the brain. 

Tomes' fibers (tomz) [Sir John Tomes, English 
dentist, 1836-1895]. Elongated, branched processes 
of the odontoblasts of the plup filling the dentinal 
tubules of teeth. 

tomomania (tom-o-ma' -ne-ah) [tout), a cutting; 
fiavia, madness]. 1. An excessive desire to perform 
operations. 2. An excessive desire to submit to 
surgical operations. 

tomotokia (tom-o-to'-ke-ah) [7-0/117, a cutting; tokos, 
birth]. Cesarean section. 

tone (ton) [tovos, from reiveiv, to stretch]. 1. A 
distinct sound. 2. The normal state of tension of a 
part or of the body, t.-deafness, sensory amusia. 

tonga (tong'-gah). A mixture of various barks, 
probably of Premna taitensis and Raphidophora 
vitiensis, brought from the Fiji islands, and used in 
neuralgia. Dose of a fluidextract \ dr. (2 Cc). 

tongaline (long' -gal- en). A proprietary preparation 
said to contain tonga (bark of Premna taitensis), 
extract of Cimicifuga racemosa, sodium salicylate, 
pilocarpine salicylate, and colchicine salicylate. It is 
recommended in gouty diathesis. 

tongine (ton'-jin). An alkaloid obtained from 
tonga. 

tongue (tung). The movable muscular organ at- 
tached to the floor of the mouth, and concerned in 
tasting, masticating, swallowing, and speaking. It 
consists of a number of muscles, and is covered by 
mucous membrane from which project numerous 
papillae, and in which are placed the terminal organs 
of taste, t., bifid, a tongue the anterior portion of 
which is cleft in the median line, t., black, a condi- 
tion in which the dorsal surface of the tongue is 
covered with a black coating, t.-bone. See hyoid. 
t.-depressor, a spatula for pushing down the tongue 
during the examination of the mouth and throat. 
t., fern-leaf pattern, a name given to a tongue pre- 
senting a well-marked central furrow (mid-rib) 
with lateral branches, t., filmy, one with whitish, 
symmetrical patches on both sides, t., furred, a 
coated tongue the papillae of which are prominent, 
giving the mucous membrane the appearance of a 
whitish fur. t., geographical, one with localized 
thickening of the epithelium, giving to the surface 
the appearance of a geographical chart, t., hairy, 
one with a hyperplasia of the papillae, giving rise to 
hair-like projections, t., parrot, a shrivelled dry 
tongue that cannot be protruded, found in typhus 
fever, t., stamp-licker's, an infectious process in 
those employed in industries where small packets 
are labeled. It gives rise to ulcers of the tongue and 
mouth, t., strawberry, a hyperemic tongue, the 
fungiform papillae of which are very prominent; 
it is seen especially in scarlatina, t.-swallowing, a 
condition in which there is an abnormal mobility of 
the organ, so that it falls_ backward, giving rise to 
danger of suffocation, t.-tie, a congenital shortening 
of the frenum of the tongue, interfering with its 
mobility. Syn., ankyloglossia. t., wooden, one 
the seat of actinomycosis. 

tonic (ton'-ik) [tone]. 1. Pertaining to tone; pro- 
ducing normal tone or tension. 2. Characterized 
by continuous tension or contraction, as a tonic 
spasm, tonic convulsion. 3. An agent or drug pro- 
ducing normal tone of an organ or part, t., cardiac, 
strengthening the heart-muscle, t., intestinal, one 
strengthening the tone of the intestine, t., nervine, 
one increasing the tone of the nervous system, 
t. spasm, the continued, rigid, contraction of a muscle 



or muscles, t., stomachic, one increasing the tone 
of the stomach, t. treatment. 1. Treatment of 
disease by tonics. 2. The continuous treatment of 
syphilis by the use of the protiodide of mercury for 
two or three years, t., vascular, one increasing the 
tone or tension of the blood-vessels. 

tonicity (ton-is' -it-e) [tone]. The condition of 
normal tone or tension of organs; a state of tone. 

tonicize (ton'-is-iz) [tone]. To give tone or tension 
to anything. 

toninervin (ton-e-ner'-vin). A water-soluble salt 
of quinine said to contain 4.5 % of iron. Dose as 
antipyretic 2-5 gr. (0.1-0.3 Gm.) every three hours; 
as tonic f gr. (0.05 Gm.) twice daily. 

tonitruphobia (ton-it-roo-fo'-be-ah) [tonitrus, thunder; 
06/Sos, fear]. Morbid dread of thunder. 

tonka-bean (tong'-kah-ben). The seed of Dipteryx 
odorata, a tree of South America; it contains coumarin, 
and is used as a flavoring agent. 

tonogram (ton'-o-gram) [tovos, tone; ypa<pei.v, to 
write]. A record made by a tonograph. 

tonograph (ton'-o-graf) [tovos, tension; ypcupeiv, to 
write]. A device for recording the tension of the 
arterial blood-current. 

tonol (to'-nol). Trade name for a preparation of 
glycerophosphates. 

tonometer (ton-om'-et-er) [tovos, tone, tension; 
nerpov, a measure]. An instrument to measure 
tension, as that of the eyeball, t., Gaertner's, one 
for estimating blood-pressure, t., Musken's, one 
for measuring the tonicity of the Achilles tendon. 

tonometry (ton-om'-et-re). The measurement of 
tonicity. 

tonophant (ton' -of -ant) [tovos, tone; <f>ai,veiv, to make 
apparent]. An apparatus to render visible the 
vibrations of sound. 

tonoplasts (ton'-o-plasts) [tows, tension; -KKao-fia, 
a thing molded]. Small intracellular bodies which 
build up strongly osmotic substances within them- 
selves and in this way swell to small vacuoles. 

tonoscope (ton' -o-skop) [tovos, tone; o-KotreZv, to 
view]. An instrument for examination of the interior 
of the cranium by means of sound. 

tonquinol (ton' -kwin-ol) . Trinitroisobutyltoluol. 
A substitute for musk. 

tonsil (ton'-sil) [tonsilla]. 1. A small, almond- 
shaped body, situated on each side of the fauces, 
between the anterior and posterior pillars of the soft 
palate. It consists of an aggregation of from 10 
to 18 lymph-follicles, and is covered by mucous 
membrane, which dips into certain depressions called 
crypts. 2. A small lobe of the cerebellar hemisphere, 
situated on the inferior mesial aspect, t., cerebellar. 
See tonsilla and amygdala, t., epipharyngeal. See 
t., pharyngeal, t., faucial. See tonsil (1). t., 
Gerlach's tubal, a mass of adenoid tissue in the 
lower part of the Eustachian tube, particularly along 
its median wall and about the pharyngeal orifice. 
t.-guillotine. See guillotine, t., lingual, an accumu- 
lation of lymphadenoid tissue at the base of the 
tongue, t., Luschka's. See Luschka. t., palatine. 
See tonsil, t., pharyngeal, a mass of lymphadenoid 
tissue in the pharynx, between the Eustachian* tubes; 
Luschka's tonsil, t., third. See t., pharyngeal. 

tonsilla (ton-sil'-lah) [L.]. 1. Tonsil. 2. One of 
the five lobes of the hemisphere of the cerebellum, 
situated in the mesal side of the hemisphere, by 
the vallecula, t. cerebelli, tonsil of the cerebellum. 
See tonsil (2), and tonsilla (2). t. intestinalis, 
Peyer's patches, t. lingualis, lingual tonsil, t. 
palatina, palatine tonsil, t. pharyngea, pharyngeal 
tonsil. 

tonsillar (ton'-sil-ar) [tonsil]. 1. Pertaining to the 
tonsil, as the tonsillar artery. 2. Affecting the tonsil, 
as tonsillar abscess. 

tonsillectomy (ton-sil-ek'-to-me) [tonsilla, tonsil; 
iKTOfir), excision]. Removal of the tonsil. 

tonsillith. See tonsillolith. 

tonsillitis (ton-sil-i'-tis) [tonsil; ins, inflammation]. 
Inflammation of the tonsil, t., follicular, a form in 
which the follicles are especially involved and pro- 
ject as whitish points from the surface of the tonsil. 
t., herpetic, a form characterized by an eruption of 
herpetic vesicles, which soon rupture, leaving smalls 
circular ulcers that coalesce and become covered 
with a fibrinous exudation. The disease has an acute 
onset, a continuous fever, and a critical decline, 
affects those subject to herpes elsewhere, and tends 
to recur, t., lacunar. Same as t., follicular. t. y 
mycotic, tonsillitis due to fungi, t., phlegmonous- 



TONSILLITIC 



895 



TORRICELLIAN VACUUM 



Same as I., suppurative, t., pustular, a form charac- 
terized by the formation of pustules, as in smallpox. 
t., suppurative. Synonym of quinsy. 

tonsillitic (ton-sil-it'-ik) [tonsilla, tonsil; ins, in- 
flammation]. Pertaining to or affected with ton- 
sillitis. 

tonsillolith (tonsil' -o-lith) [tonsil; Xi0os, a stone]. 
A concretion within the tonsil. 

tonsillotome (ton' -sil-o-tom) [tonsil; tout], a cutting]. 
An instrument for removing or cutting off the 
tonsil. 

tonsillotomy (ton-sil-ot'-o-me) [see tonsillotome]. 
The operation of cutting away the whole or a part 
of the tonsil, t. rash. See rash, amygdalotomy. 

tonsils ector (ton-sil-sek'-tor). A tonsillotome 
consisting of a pair of circular scissor-blades moving 
inside a circular guarding ring. 

tonsure (ton'-shur) [tondere, to clip]. The shaving 
or removal of the hair from any part. 

tontine (ton-ten') [Lorenzo Tonti, Italian banker, 
17th century]. A species of life insurance in which 
the policy holders receive no dividend or return 
premiums, till the end of a fixed period, when the 
profits are divided .among the survivors who have 
kept their policies in force. 

tonus (to'-nus). See tone, t., chemical, the con- 
dition of the muscles when at rest and undergoing no 
mechanical exertion. 

tooth (tooth) [AS., toth; plural, teeth, q. v.]. One 
of the small, bone-like organs occupying the alveolar 
processes of the upper and lower jaws, and serving 
for tearing and comminuting the food. The teeth 
begin to appear in the human being about the sev- 
enth month; by the end of the third year, the eruption 
of the so-called temporary, deciduous, or milk-teeth, 
numbering 20, is completed. The permanent teeth 
begin to replace the deciduous teeth about the 
seventh year. In the adult, the permanent teeth 
number 32, or 16 in each jaw, and are divided as 
follows: 2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 bicuspids, and 3 molars 
in each lateral half of the jaw. Each tooth is com- 
posed of a crown, the exposed part, a constricted part, 
called the neck, and a part within the alveolus, called 
the fang or root. In structure a tooth consists of an 
outer hard substance, the enamel, incasing the 
crown; the dentine, within the enamel; and the pulp, 
a soft, vascular tissue filling the pulp-cavity. The 
dentine of the root is surrounded by the cement or 
crusta petrosa. t.-ache, any pain in or about the 
teeth; see odontalgia, t.-ache tree. See prickly ash 
and Xanthoxylum fraxineum. t.-cough, reflex cough 
due to dental irritation, t., eye-, the upper canine 
tooth, t.-key, an instrument formerly used for the 
extraction of teeth, t.-paste. See dentrifrice. t.- 
plugger, a dental instrument for filling teeth, t.- 
pulp. See pulp, t.-rash, a skin eruption sometimes 
occurring during dentition; strophulus, t.-sac, in 
the fetus the connective tissue surrounding the germ 
of a tooth, t., stomach-, the lower canine tooth. 
t., wisdom-, the third molar tooth. 

Tooth's type of progressive muscular atrophy 
[Howard Henry Tooth, English physician]. See 
Char cot-Marie's type. 

toothed (tootht). Provided with teeth or indenta- 
tions; dentate, t. vertebra, the axis. 

topalgia (lop-al'-je-ah) [tokos, place; &X70S, pain]. 
Pain in a circumscribed area not referable to the 
distribution of any nerve. 

topasol (to'-pas-ol). See anticornutin, anticoroin, 
antimucorin, antiperonosporin. 

topesthesia, topaesthesia (top-es-the'-ze-ah) [toitos, 
place; aladrjo-Ls, sensation]. Local tactile sensibility. 

tophaceous (to-fa'-shus) [tophus]. Of the nature of 
tophi; sandy, or gritty. 

tophi (to'-fi). Plural of tophus. 

tophus (lo'-fus) [t64>os, stone]. 1. The hard, stone- 
like deposits occurring in gout, especially about the 
knuckles and the cartilages of the ear, and consisting 
of sodium urate. 2. The tartar of the teeth. 3. A 
syphilitic node. 

topic, topical (top'-ik, top'-ik-al) [toitos, place]. 
Local. 

topica (top'-ik-a). See topicum. 

topicum (top-ik'-um) [toitos, place: pi., topica]. 
Any remedy for local and external application. 

Topinard's angle (top-en-ar') [Paul Topinard, 
French anthropologist, 1830-1012]. In craniometry, 
that included between two lines from the nasal spine 
to the ophryon and auricular point; also called 
ophryospinal-facial angle. T.'s profile line, a line 



joining the intersuperciliary point and the most 
prominent point of the chin. 

topo- (top-o-) [toitos, place]. A prefix meaning 
relating to a locality; localized. 

topoalgia (top-o-al'-je-ah) [topo-; aXyos, pain]. 
Localized pain, common in neurasthenia, and often 
appearing suddenly after emotional disturbances. 

topognosis (top-og-no'-sis) [topo-; yvuo-is, know- 
ledge]. Same as topesthesia. 

topographical (top-o-graf -ik-al) [see topography]. 
Pertaining to a locality, t. anatomy, the study of the 
regions occupied by a part, or in which anything 
occurs. 

topography (top-og'-ra-fe) [topo-; ypafaiv, to write]. 
A study of the regions of the body or its parts, as 
cerebral topography. 

topology (top-ol'-o-je) [topo-; Xoyos, science]. 
1. Topographical anatomy. 2. The relation of the 
presenting part of the fetus to the pelvic canal. 

toponarcosis (top-o-nar-ko'-sis) [topo-; vapuwo-is, 
a benumbing]. Local insensibility or anesthesia. 

toponeurosis (top-o-nu-ro'-sis) [topo-; neurosis], 
A local neurosis. 

toponomy (top-on' -o-me). See toponymy. 

toponym (top'-on-im) [toitos, place; ovopa, a name]. 
A term relating to position and direction. 

toponymy (top-on' -im-e) [tottos, place; ovofia, 
name]. Topical terminology; the system of anatomi- 
cal terms indicating the direction and position of parts. 
It is either intrinsic, having reference only to the 
organism; or extrinsic, based upon the relation of the 
organism toward the earth's surface. 

topophone (top'-o-fon) [toitos, place; <pu>vij, voice]. 
An instrument to determine the direction of a source 
of sound. 

topophobia (top-o-fo'-be-ah) [topo-; <f>6(3os, fear]. 
Morbid dread of certain places. 

topothermesthesiometer (top-o-ther-mez-the-ze-om' - 
et-er) [topo-; dkpp.7], heat'; olaBrjcris, sensation; y.k.Tpov, 
measure]. An instrument for estimating local 
sensitiveness to impressions ofheat. 

torcular Herophili (tor'-ku-lar her-of'-il-i) [L., 
"the wine-press of Herophilus"]. The expanded 
extremity of the superior longitudinal sinus, placed 
in a depression on the inner surface of the occipital 
bone. It receives the blood from the occipital sinus, 
and from it is derived the straight sinus and the lat- 
eral sinus of the side to which it is deflected. 

tori (to'-ri). Genitive and plural of torus. 

toric (to'-rik) [torus]. Having the properties of a 
torus, t. lens. See lens. 

toril (tor'-il). An extract of meat containing its 
albuminoids prepared with the addition of savory 
herbs. 

tormen (tor' -men). See tormina. 

tormentu, tormentilla (tor' -men-til, tor-men-til' -ah) . 
The root of Potentilla tormentilla, a mild tonic and 
astringent. 

tormentum (tor -men' -turn) [L., a "rack"]. An old 
name for various obstructive disorders of the intes- 
tine, t. intestinorum. Synonym of dysentery. 

tormina (tor'-min-ah) [plural of tormen, a racking 
pain]. Griping pains in the bowel, t. alvi, colic, 
t. Celsi, dysentery, t. intestinorum, dysentery. 
t., post-partum, the after pains of parturition, t. 
ventriculi nervosa. See hyperperistalsis. 

tormina!, torminous (tor'-min-al, tor' -min-us) . 
Affected with tormina. 

Tornwaldt's disease. See Thornwaldt' s disease. 

torosity (to-ros'-it-e) [torosus, brawny; muscular]. 
Muscular strength. 

torpent (tor' -pent) [torpor]. 1. Incapable of the 
active performance of a function. 2. A medicine 
or agent that reduces or subdues irritative action. 

torpescence (tor-pes'-ens) [torpor]. Numbness; 
torpidity. 

torpid (tor'-pid) [torpor]. Affected with torpor. 

torpidity (tor-pid'-it-e). See torpor. 

torpify (tor'-pe-fi). To make numb or torpid; to 
stupefy. 

torpitude (tor'-pe-tud). Torpidity; numbness. 

torpor (tor'-por) [L.]. Sluggishness; inactivity. 
t. intestinorum, constipation, t. retinae, dulled 
perceptive power of the retina. 

torref action, torrefication (tor-e-fak'-shun, tor-e- 
. fik-a'-shun) [torref acere, to dry by heat]. Roasting; 
drying by means of high heat. 

torrefy (tor'-e-fi) [torrefacere, to dry by heat]. 
To parch, to dry by heat. 

Torricellian vacuum (to-re-tsheV -e-an) [Evangelista 



TORSIOMETER 



896 



TOXICHEMITOSIS 



Torricelli, Italian physicist, 1608-1647]. The vacu- 
um above the mercury-column of a barometer. 

torsiometer (tor-se-om'-et-er) [torsion; ukrpov, a 
measure]. An instrument for measuring ocular 
torsion. 

torsion {tor' -shun) [torquere, to twist]. 1. A 
twisting; also, the rotation of the eye about the visual 
axis. 2. The tilting of the vertical meridian of the 
eye. t. of an artery, twisting of the free end of an 
artery to check hemorrhage, t.-balance, an instru- 
ment for measuring horizontal forces, t. of teeth, 
the forcible turning of teeth in their cavities for the 
purpose of correcting irregularity in position, t. of 
file umbilical cord, the spontaneous twisting of the 
umbilical cord. From eight to ten twists are normal; 
great torsion usually occurs after the death of the 
fetus. 

torsoclusion (tor-sok-lu'-zjun) [torsion; occlusion]. 
A form of acupressure in which the point of the 
pin is pushed through a portion of the tissue parallel 
with the course of the vessel to be secured, then car- 
ried over its anterior surface, and at the same time 
swept around until brought to a right angle with 
the artery, when the point is thrust into the soft parts 
beyond. 

torso-occlusion (tor-so-6k-lu'-zjun) [torsion; occlu- 
sion]. Said of a tooth turned on its axis. 

tort [torquere, to turn]. To tilt the vertical 
meridian of the eye. Extort, to tilt the vertical 
meridian outward. Intort, to tilt the vertical 
meridian inward. Intorter, the muscle tilting the 
vertical meridian of the eye inward. 

torticollar (tor-tik-ol'-ar) [torticollis]. Affected with 
wry-neck, or torticollis. 

torticollis (tor-te-kol'-is) [tort; collum, neck]. Wry- 
neck, a contraction of one or more of the cervical 
muscles, usually of one side, resulting in an abnormal 
position of the head, t., intermittent. See /., 
spasmodic, t., rheumatic, stiff-neck, 3 form due to 
rheumatism of the sternomastoid or other muscle of 
the neck, t., spasmodic, t. spastica, spasmodic 
contraction of the muscles of the neck of one side, 
especially the sternomastoid, causing a drawing of 
the head toward the opposite side. 

tortuous (tor'-til-us) [tortus, twisted]. Twisted, 
sinuous. 

Torula (tor'-oo-lah) [torulus, a small tuft]. 1. ^A 
genus of fungi reproducing by budding, many 
species of which are alcoholic ferments. 2. A chain 
of spherical bacteria. T. cerevisiae. See Saccharo- 
myces cerevisice. 

toruliform (tor-oo'-li-form) [torula; forma, form]. 
Resembling an organism of the genus Torula. 

toruli tactiles (tor'-oo-li tak'-ti-lez) [torulus]. Tac- 
tile elevations. 

toruloid (tor'-oo-loid). Toruliform. 

torulose (tor'-oo-los) [torula]. Knobbed. 

torulus (tor'-oo-lus) [torus, a swelling, protuberance: 
pi., toruli]. An elevation. 

torus {tor' -us) [L.]. 1. A surface having a regular 
curvature, with two principal meridians of dissimilar 
curvature at right angles to each other. 2. An 
elevation or prominence. 3. The tuber cinereum 
of the brain, t. frontalis, a protuberance in the 
region of the frontal sinuses, at the root of the nose, 
t. manus, the metacarpus, t. occipitalis, one some- 
times found on the occipital bone about the superior 
curved line. t. palatinus, a protuberance on the 
surface of the hard palate, marking the point of 
junction of the intermaxillary and palatomaxillary 
sutures, t. spiralis, the stria acustica. t. tubarius, 
a rounded eminence of mucous membrane in the 
naso-pharynx near the opening of the Eustachian 
tube; also called Eustachian cushion, t. uretericus, 
a ridge in the bladder-wall connecting the ureteral 
orifices, t. uteri, a rounded ridge on the posterior 
wall of the uterus due to the reflection of the peri- 
toneum upon the posterior wall of the vagina. 

touch (tutsh) [Fr., toucher]. 1. The tactile sense. 
The act of judging by the tactile sense; palpation. 
2. In obstetrics, digital examination of the female 
genital organs and adjacent parts through the vagina. 
t., abdominal, application of the hands to the ab- 
domen for the diagnosis of intra-abdominal conditions. 
t., after, the sensation which persists for a short time 
after contact with an object has ceased, t.-corpuscle, . 
a touch-body; a tactile corpuscle. See under tactile. 
t. double, combined vaginal and abdominal or vaginal 
and rectal palpation, t.-me-not. See noli me 
tangere. t., rectal, examination made by the finger 



in the rectum, t., royal, the laying on of the hands 
by a king, formerly believed to be efficacious in 
scrofula or kings' evil, t., vaginal. See touch. 
t., vesical, examination through the bladder, the 
urethra having been dilated to admit the finger. 
The latter can only be done in the female, t.-wood. 
See amadou. 

tour de maitre (toor-d'-matr) [Fr., "the master's 
turn"]. A method of passing a catheter into the 
bladder in which it is introduced into the urethra 
with the convexity upward, the shaft lying obliquely 
across the left thigh of the patient, and as the point 
enters the bulb, the handle is swept around toward the 
abdomen, when the beak passes into the membranous 
urethra, and is carried into the bladder by depressing 
the shaft between the patient's thighs. A sound 
may be introduced into the uterus in an analogous 
manner, by entering the instrument with the con- 
vexity upward, and then sweeping the shaft around. 

Tourette's disease (too-ref) [Georges Gilles de la 
Tourette, French physician]. A convulsive form of tic 
characterized by motor incoordination with echolalia 
and coprolalia. T.'s sign, inversion of the ratio 
existing normally between the earthy phosphates 
and alkaline phosphates of the urine; it is found in 
paroxysms of hysteria. 

tourniquet (toor-nik-et) [Fr., from tourner, to turn]. 
An instrument for controlling the circulation by 
means of compression, usually consisting of two 
metallic plates united by a thumb-screw, and a 
strap provided with a pad. The strap is fastened 
about the part, the pad being made to lie over the 
arrtery to be occluded. The screw is placed dia- 
metrically opposite the pad, and the strap tightened 
by separating the metallic plates of the screw. 
t., Dupuytren's, one for compressing the abdominal 
aorta, consisting of a semicircle of metal with a pad 
at one extremity, t., Esmarch's, one consisting of 
a stout, elastic rubber band applied above the proxi- 
mal turn of an elastic bandage passing around the 
part to be rendered bloodless, t., field-, one con- 
sisting of a strap and buckle with a pad to be placed 
over the artery, t., horseshoe, one shaped like a 
horseshoe, to compress only two points, and thus 
permit venous return, t., lip, one consisting of a 
U-shaped piece of steel, the arms being provided with 
plates which are approximated by a central screw. 
t., provisional, one applied loosely, so that it may be 
tightened at once upon the recurrence of hemorrhage, 
t., screw, that invented by the French surgeon, 
John Lewis Petit (1674-1750). See tourniquet (1). 
t., Signorini's. See /., horseshoe, t., Skey's, also 
a modification of the horseshoe or Signorini's. t., 
Spanish windlass, a knotted bandage or handkerchief 
twisted by a stick and Used as a tourniquet, t., 
torcular. Same as t., Spanish windlass. 

tous les mois (too-la-mwah') [Fr., "every month"]. 
A variety of arrow-root starch prepared from Canna 
edulis; canna starch. 

tow. The coarse part of flax or hemp, used as an 
absorbent. 

towelling {tow' -el-ing) . Rubbing with a towel. 

tower-skull. See oxycephalia. 

tox-, toxico-, toxo- (toks-, toks-ik-o-, toks-o-) [to£ik6p, 
poison]. Prefixes signifying poisonous or caused by 
a poison. 

toxaemia (toks-e'-me-ah). See toxemia. 

toxalbumin (toks-aV -bu-min) [tox-; albumin]. A 
poisonous proteid. Toxalbumins have been ob- 
tained from cultures of bacteria and from certain 
plants. See toxin (2). 

toxalbumose (toks-aV -bu-mos) . A toxic albumose. 

toxanemia, toxanaemia (toks-an-e'-me-ah) [tox-; ane- 
mia]. Anemia produced by poison. 

toxemia, toxaemia (toks-e'-me-ah) [tox-; alua, blood]. 
Blood-poisoning, a condition in which the blood con- 
tains poisonous products, either those produced by 
the body-cells or those due to the growth of micro- 
organisms. 

toxemic (toks-e'-mik) [see toxemia]. Pertaining 
to, affected with, or caused by toxemia. 

toxenzyme (toks'-en-zim). A toxic enzyme. 

toxic (toks'-ik) [toxin]. 1. Poisonous; produced by 
a poison. 2. Pertaining to a toxin, t. unit. See unit. 

toxicant (toks'-ik-ant) [toxic]. 1. Poisonous or 
toxic. 2. A poisonous agent. 

toxicemia (toks-is-e'-me-ah). See toxemia. 

toxichemia (toks-ik-e'-me-ah). See toxemia. 

toxichemitosis (toks-e-ke-mit-o'-sis) [toxic; alpa, 
blood]. Blood-poisoning. 



TOXICIDE 



897 



TRACHEA 



toxicide (toks'-is-td) [tox-; cedere, to kill]. A rem- 
edy or principle that destroys toxic agents. 

toxicity (Jtoks-is'-it-e) [toxic], i. The quality of 
being toxic. 2. The kind and amount of poison or 
toxin produced by a microorganism. 

toxicodendrol (toks-ik-o-den'-drol). A toxic non- 
volatile oil from the poison ivy, Rhus toxicodendron, 
and from poison sumach, Rhus venenata. 

toxicodendron (toks-ik-o-den'-dron) [toxico; bkvbpov, 
tree]. See rhus. 

toxicoderma (toks^ik-o-der'-mah) [toxico-; Sepua, 
skin]. Disease of the skin due to poison. 

toxicodermatitis (toks-ik-o-der-mat-i'-tis) [toxico- ; 
dermatitis]. Inflammation of the skin due to poison. 

toxicogenic (toks-ik-o-jen'-ik) [toxico-; yewav, to 
produce]. Producing poisons. 

toxicohemia (toks-ik-o-he'-me-ah). See toxemia. 

toxicoid (toks'-ik-oid) [to£ik6v, poison; eldos, like]. 
Resembling a poison. 

toxicologist (toks-ik-ol' -o-jist) [toxico-; \6yos, sci- 
ence]. One versed in toxicology. 

toxicology (toks-ik-ol'-o-je) [toxico-; \6yos, science]. 
The science of the nature and effects of poisons, their 
detection, and the treatment of their effects. 

toxicomania (toks-ik-o-ma'-ne-ah) [toxico-; fiavla, 
madness]. 1. Morbid desire to consume poison. 2. 
Toxiphobia. 

toxicomucin (toks-ik-o-mii'-sin). See toxomucin. 

toxicopathy (toks-ik-op'-a-the) [toxico-; ira£os, dis- 
ease]. Disease of toxic origin. 

toxicophobia (Jtoks-ik-o-fo' -be-ah) [toxico-; <f>6(Jos, 
fear]. Morbid dread of being poisoned. 

toxicophylaxin (toks-ik-o-fi-laks'-in) [toxico-; phy- 
laxin]. A phylaxin which destroys or counteracts 
the toxic products of pathogenic bacteria. See phy- 
laxin. 

toxicosis (toks-ik-o'-sis) [toxin]. A state of poison- 
ing, t., auto-, one with clinical symptoms that are 
caused by the formation of toxic basic products from 
morbid matter, such as pathological fluids lodged in 
certain parts of the system, t., exogenic, one with 
clinical symptoms induced by the action of toxic 
bases taken into the system with the food, such as the 
poison of sausages and cheese, t., noso-, one with 
clinical symptoms referable to the presence of basic 
products which are formed in the system (blood, etc.) 
in disease and eliminated with the urine, t., reten- 
tion, one with clinical symptoms depending upon the 
retention of the physiological bases (e. g. uremia). 

toxicosozin (toks-ik-o-so'-zin) [toxico-; sozin]. Same 
as toxosozin ; and see sozin. 

toxidermitis (toks-e-der-mi'-tis). See toxicoderma- 
titis. 

toxiferous (toks-if'-er-us) [toxin; ferre, to bear]. 
Producing or conveying poison. 

toximucin (toks-e-mu' -sin) . See toxomucin. 

toxin [toZmov, poison]. 1. Any poisonous nitrog- 
enous compound produced by animal or vegetable 
cells. 2. Any poisonous substance, proteid in nature, 
produced by animal or vegetable cells, by immuni- 
zation with which specific antitoxins may be obtained. 
Syn., toxalbumin. t., animal, one produced by the 
metabolic activity of animal cells, as snake-venom. 
t., bacterial, one produced by the metabolic activity 
of bacteria, as diphtheria toxin, t., extracellular, a 
bacterial toxin elaborated by a microorganism and 
thrown off into the surrounding medium. The ma- 
jority of the best known toxins are extracellular, t., 
fatigue, see t., ponogenic. t., intracellular, a bacter- 
ial toxin contained in the bodies of the bacteria them- 
selves, t.s, ponogenic, toxins such as are character- 
istic of nerve- tissue waste, t.-unit, consists of two 
parts, a haptophore complex which unites it with the 
cell receptor (or lateral chain), and the toxophore 
complex, which is the poisonous element, t., vege- 
table. 1. Any toxin produced by vegetable cells. 2. 
Specifically, one produced by higher plants, as ricin 
(produced by the castor-oil plant), abrin (produced 
by the jequirity plant). 

toxinemia (toks-in-e'-me-ah). See toxemia. 

toxinfection (toks-in-fek-shun) [toxico-; infection]. 
Infection by means of a toxin. 

toxinic (toks-in'-ik) [toxin]. Pertaining to a toxin. 

toxinicide {toks-in' -is-ld) [toxin; cadere, to kill]. 
Any substance that destroys a toxin. 

toxinosis (toks-in-o'-sis) . See toxicosis. 

toxipeptone. See toxopeptone. 

toxiphobia (toks-e-fo' -be-ah) [toxin; 06/3os, fear]. 
Morbid dread of being poisoned. 

toxiphoric (toks-if-or'-ik). See toxiferous. t. side- 
30 



chain, applied by Ehrlich to atom groups which com- 
bine with the toxin of any particular disease-germ. 

toxiresin (toks-ir-ez'-in) [toxin; resina, a resin]. A 
poisonous decomposition product of digitalis, resul- 
ting when the latter is treated with dilute acids or 
heated to 240 C. 

toxis (toks'-is) . See toxicosis. 

toxitherapy (toks-e-ther'-ap-e). The therapeutic 
use of antitoxins. 

toxituberculide (toks-e-tu-ber'-ku-lid) . A skin les- 
ion to be due to t*he action of tuberculous toxin. 

toxoalexin (toks-o-al-eks'-in) . See toxophylaxin. 

toxoid (toks'-oid) [toxin; elSos, likeness]. A toxin 
transformation-product destitute of toxic effect. 

toxolipoid (toks-o-lip'-oid). An antigen formed by 
the combination of a lipoid with a toxin. 

toxolysin (toks-ol'-is-in). Same as antitoxin. 

toxomucin (toks-o-mu'-sin) [toxo-; mucus]. A toxic 
substance obtained from cultures of tubercle bacilli. 

toxon (toks'-on) [toxin]. Ehrlich's name for any 
one of several substances which appear in fresh 
toxins; they neutralize antitoxin and are feebly poi- 
sonous. 

toxonosis (toks-on-o'-sis) [toxo-; i>6<tos, disease]. An 
affection resulting from the action of a poison. 

toxopeptone (toks-o-pep'-ton). A poisonous pro- 
teid, resembling peptone in its behavior to heat and 
reagents, produced in peptone cultures by the comma 
bacillus. 

toxophile (toks'-o-fil) [toxo-; <f>i\elv, to love]. Hav- 
ing an affinity for toxins or poisons. 

toxophore (toks'-o-for) [toxo-; 4>kptlv, to bear]. 
That complex of atoms of a toxin-unit which is the 
poisonous element of a toxin, t. group, that part of 
the toxin molecule which exerts the poisonous effects. 

toxophorous (toks-off'-or-us). Pertaining to the 
toxophore. 

toxophylaxin. See toxicophylaxin. 

toxosis (toks-o'-sis). See toxonosis. 

toxosozin (toks-o-so'-zin). See under sozin. 

Toynbee's corpuscles [Joseph Toynbee, English 
otologist, 18 15-1866]. The corneal corpuscles. T.'s 
experiment, rarefaction of the air contained in the 
tympanic cavity by swallowing while the mouth and 
nose are closed. T.'s law. See Gull- Toynbee's law. 
T.'s ligament, the tensor ligament; the fibrous sheath 
of the tendon of the tensor tympani. T.'s otoscope, 
an otoscope by means of which the physician can 
listen to the sounds in the patient's ear during 
politzerization. 

T. P. Abbreviation for tuberculin precipitation; 
Calmette's tuberculin, or purified tuberculin. See 
tuberculin, and Calmette's reaction. 

T. R. Abbreviation for tuberculin residuum; new 
tuberculin. See tuberculin. 

tr. Abbreviation for tinctura or tincture. 

trabal (tra'-bal) [trabs, beam]. Pertaining to the 
trabs cerebri; callosal. 

trabecula (tra-bek'-u-lah) [L., "a small beam"]. 
Any one of the fibrous bands extending from the cap- 
sule into the interior of an organ, t. cerebri, the 
corpus callosum. t. cinerea, the middle or gray com- 
missure of the cerebrum, t. cranii, a structure in the 
embryo from which the sella turcica is developed, t., 
Rathke's. See t. cranii. 

trabecule (tra-bek' '-u-le) [pi. of trabecula]. t. car- 
neae, the columnar carneae of the heart, t. corporum 
cavernosorum, the trabecular of the corpora caver- 
nosa, t. lienis, the trabecule of the spleen. 

trabecular (tra-bek'-u-lar) [trabecula]. Of the na- 
ture of a trabecula. t. duct, a duct whose cavity or 
lumen is crossed by ligneous threads or bands, t. 
region, that part of the skull in the embryo where the 
sella turcica is later developed; trabecula cranii. 

trabecularism (tra-bek' -u-lar-izm) [trabecula, a lit- 
tle beam]. Arrangement like the beams of a framed 
building; support by a trabecular structure. 

trabeculate (tra-bek'-u-lat) [trabecula, a little beam]. 
Having trabecular. 

trabs (trabz) [L., "a beam"]. The corpus callosum; 
called also trabs cerebri. 

trace (Iras). 1. A mark. 2. A barely recognizable 
quantity, t., primitive. See primitive streak. 

tracer (tra'-ser). An instrument used in dissection 
for isolating nerves and vessels by tearing the con- 
nective tissue. 

trachea (tra'-ke-ah) [rpaxtla, a windpipe]. The 
windpipe; the cartilaginous and membranous tube 
extending from the lower part of the larynx to its 
division into the two bronchi. 



TRACHEAECTASY 



898 



TRACHOMA 



tracheaectasy (tra-ke-ah-ek'-tas-e) [trachea; eKraais, 
dilatation]. Dilatation of the trachea. 

tracheal (tra'-ke-al) [trachea]. Pertaining to or 
produced in the trachea, t. catarrh. See tracheitis. 
t. triangle, the inferior carotid triangle; see triangle. 
t. tugging, the downward tugging movement of the 
larynx, sometimes observed in aneurysm of the aortic 
arch. 

trachealgia (tra-ke-al'-je-ah) [trachea; aXyos, pain], 
i. Pain in the trachea. 2. Croup. 

trachealis muscle (tra-ke-a'-lis) [trachea]. The in- 
trinsic transverse muscle-fibers found in the trachea. 

tracheitis (tra-ke-i'-tis) [trachea; ms, inflammation]. 
Inflammation of the trachea. 

trachelagra (tra-kel-ag'-rah) [rpax^Xos, neck; aypa, 
seizure]. Rheumatic or gouty pain in the neck. 

trachelalis (trak-el-a'-lis) [rpdx»?Xos, neck]. The 
trachelomastoid muscle. See under muscle. 

trachelectomopexy (tra-kel-ek-to-mo-peks'-e) [rp&x- 
ijXoj, neck; inToy-h, excision; irjjtis, a fixing]. Partial 
excision with fixation of the neck of the uterus. 

trachelectomy (tra-kel-ek'-to-me) [trachelo-; cktouti, 
excision]. Excision of the neck of the uterus. 

trachelematoma (tra-kel-e-ma-to'-mah) [trachelo: 
hematoma], A hematoma of the neck, or in the ster- 
nomastoid muscle. 

trachelian (tra-ke'-le-an) [rpdx»?Xos, neck]. Per- 
taining to the neck, particularly its dorsal part; cer- 
vical. 

trachelismus (tra-kel-is'-mus) [rpaxriKos, neck]. 
Spasmodic contraction of the muscles of the neck. 

trachelitis (tra-kel-i'-tis) [trachelo-; ms, inflamma- 
tion]. Inflammation of the neck of the uterus. 

trachelo- (trak-el-o-) [rpax^Xos, neck]. A prefix 
denoting pertaining to the neck. 

tracheloacromial (tra-kel-o-a-kro'-me-al) [trachelo- ; 
acromion]. Connecting the shoulder-blade and 
vertebrae. 

tracheloacromialis (tra-kel-o-a-kro-me-a'-lis) [tra- 
chelo-; acromion]. An inconstant muscle, arising 
from the occipital bone and inserted into the acromion 
process. 

trachelobregmatic {tra-kel-o-breg-mat'-ik) [trachelo- ; 
bregma]. Relating to the neck and the bregma. 

trachelocele (tra-kel'-o-sel). Same as tracheocele. 

tracheloclavicular (tra-kel-o-kla^vik'-u-lar). Rela- 
ting to the neck and the collar-bone. 

trachelocyllosis (tra-kel-o-sil-lo'-sis) [trachelo-; 
KvWaxris, a bending]. Torticollis. 

trachelocyrtosis (tra-kel-o-sir-to'-sis) [trachelo-; 
kvptos, curved]. .■ Same as trachelokyphosis. 

trachelocystitis (tra-kel-o-sis-ti'-tis) [trachelo-; cys- 
titis]. Inflammation of the neck of the bladder. 

trachelodynia (tra-kel-o-din'-e-ah) [trachelo-; odvvri, 
pain]. Pain in the neck. 

trachelokyphosis (tra-kel-o-ki-fo'-sis) [trachelo-; 
Kixfioxris, kyphosis]. An anterior curvature of the 
cervical portion of the spinal column. 

trachelologist (tra-kel-ol'-o-jist). An expert in dis- 
eases of the neck. 

trachelology (tra-kel-ol'-o-je) [trachelo-; Xoyos, sci- 
ence]. The science of the neck and its diseases. 

trachelomastoid (trak-el-o-mas'-toid) [trachelo- ; 
mastoid]. Pertaining to the neck and the mastoid 
process. See muscles, table of. 

trachelomyitis (tra-kel-o-mi-i'-tis) [trachelo-; nvs, 
muscle; ms, inflammation]. Inflammation of the 
muscles of the neck. 

trachelo-occipital (tra-kel-o-ok-sip'-it-al). Relating 
to the nape of the neck and the occiput. 

trachelopanus (tra-kel-o-pan'-us) [trachelo-; panus, 
swelling]. Tumefaction of the cervical lymphatic 
glands. 

trachelopexia (tra-kel-o-peks'-e-ah) [trachelo-; irij^is, 
a fixing]. Fixation of the neck of the uterus. 

trachelophyma (tra-kel-o-fi'-mah) [trachelo-; 0Dpa, 
growth]. Swelling of the neck. 

tracheoplasty (trak'-el-o-plas-le) [trachelo-; ir\a<r- 
<reiv, to mold]. Plastic operation on the neck of the 
uterus. 

trachelorrhaphy (trak-el-or'-a-fe) [trachelo-; pa<pr), 
suture]. Repair of a laceration of the cervix uteri. 

tracheloschisis (tra-kel-os'-kis-is) [trachelo-; <rxt<us, 
fissure]. A/ congenital fissure of the neck. 

trachelosyringorrhaphy (tra-kel-o-sir-in-gor'-af-e) 
[trachelo-; <rvpiy£, a pipe; pd^, a seam]. An opera- 
tion for vaginal fistula with stitching of the cervix 
uteri. 

trachelotomy (trak-el-ot'-o-me) [trachelo-; rop.i\, a 
cutting]. Incision into the cervix uteri. 



tracheo- (tra-ke-o-) [rpaxela, trachea]. A prefix 
denoting connection with or relation to the trachea. 

tracheoaerocele (tra-ke-o-a'-er-o-sel) [tracheo-; af/p, 
air; K17X17, tumor]. A diverticulum of the trachea. 

tracheoblenorrhea, tracheoblenorrhcea (tra-ke-blen- 
or-e'-ah) [tracheo-; fiXkvva, mucus; poia, a flow]. A 
profuse discharge of mucus from the trachea. 

tracheobronchial (tra-ke-o-brong'-ke-al) [tracheo- ; 
bronchial]. Pertaining to the trachea and a bronchus 
or the bronchi. 

tracheobronchitis (tra-ke-o-brong-ki'-tis) [tracheo-; 
bronchitis]. Inflammation of the trachea and bron- 
chi. 

tracheobronchoscopy {tra-ke-o-brong-kos'-co-pe) 

[tracheo-; ppoyxos, bronchus; aicoireu, I view]. In- 
spection of the interior of the trachea and bronchi. 

tracheocele (tra'-ke-o-sel) [tracheo-; K17X17, tumor]. 

1. Protrusion of the mucous membrane of the trachea. 

2. Goiter. 

tracheoesophageal (tra-ke-o-es-of-aj'-e-al) [tracheo- ; 
esophagus]. Pertaining to the trachea and the esoph- 
agus. 

tracheolaryngeal (tra-ke-o-lar-in'-je-al) [tracheo- ; 
larynx]. Pertaining to the trachea and the larynx. 

tracheolaryngotomy (tra-ke-o-lar-ing-got'-o-me) 

[tracheo-; laryngotomy]. Incision into the larynx and 
trachea; combined tracheotomy and laryngotomy. 

tracheopathia osteoplastica (tra-ke-o-path'-e-ah os- 
te-o-plas' -tik-ah) . A deposit of^ cartilage and bone 
in the mucosa of the trachea. 

tracheophony (tra-ke-off'-o-ne) [tracheo-; <t>uvii, 
voice]. The sound heard over the trachea on aus- 
cultation. 

tracheophyma (tra-ke-o-fi'-mah) [tracheo-; tj>vp,a, a 
tumor]. A goiter, bronchocele. 

tracheoplasty (tra'-ke-o-plast-e) [tracheo-; irKaaaeiv, 
to form]. Plastic surgery of the trachea. 

tracheopyosis (tra-ke-o-pi-o'-sis) [tracheo-; irvov, 
pus]. Purulent tracheitis. 

tracheorrhagia (tra-ke-or-a'-je-ah) [tracheo-; pny- 
vvvai, to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from the trachea. 

tracheoschisis (tra-ke-os'-kis-is) [tracheo-; <rx'T«". 
to split]. Fissure of the trachea. 

tracheoscopic (tra-ke-o-skop'-ik) [tracheo-; moire'iv, 
to view]. Pertaining to tracheoscopy. 

tracheoscopy (tra-ke-os'-ko-pe) [tracheo-; a-Koweiv, 
to inspect]. Inspection of the interior of the trachea 
by means of a laryngoscopic mirror and reflected 
light. 

tracheostenosis (tra-ke-o-sten-o'-sis) [tracheo-; sten- 
osis]. Abnormal constriction or narrowing of the 
trachea. 

tracheotome (tra'-ke-o-tom) [tracheo-; roy.ii, a cut- 
ting]. A cutting instrument used in tracheotomy. 

tracheotomist (tra-ke-ot'-om-ist).' One skilled in 
tracheotomy. 

tracheotomize (tra-ke-ot'-om-iz). To perform tra- 
cheotomy upon. 

tracheotomy (tra-ke-ot'-o-me) [see tracheotome]. 
The operation of cutting into the trachea through the 
cricothyroid membrane, or through the cricoid 
cartilage and the upper part of the trachea, t., 
inferior, one performed below the isthmus of the thy- 
roid gland, t., superior, one performed above the 
isthmus of the thyroid gland, t.-tube, a metal tube 
placed in the opening made in tracheotomy, and 
through which breathing is carried on. 

trachielcosis (tra-ke-el-ko'-sis) [tracheo-; eX/cos, an 
ulcer]. Ulceration of the trachea. 

trachielcus (tra-ke-el'-kus). An ulcer of the tra- 
chea. 

trachitis (tra-ki'-tis). See tracheitis. 

trachoma (tra-ko'-mah) [rpaxvs, rough]. A con- 
tagious disease of the eyelids characterized by small, 
sago-like elevations on the conjunctiva, and later by 
cicatricial contraction and deformity of the lids. The 
friction of the elevations (trachoma-granulations) a- 
gainst the cornea often produces ulcer or pannus. 
Syn., granular conjunctivitis ; granular lids, t., Arlt's, 
the granular form, t., brawny, a late stage of mixed 
trachoma, in which the surface of the conjunctiva is 
rather smooth although lymphoid infiltration per- 
sists, t. deformans, a name given to a form of vul- 
vitis at the stage when it results in diffuse scar-tissue. 
t., diffuse, a high degree of mixed trachoma in which 
large growths cover the tarsal conjunctiva, t., fol- 
licular, t., mixed, the usual form of trachoma; see 
/., Arlt's. t. laryngis. See t. of vocal cords, t., 
papillary, in which the granulations are red and papil- 
lary, t., Tuerck's. See Tuerck's trachoma, t. of 



TRACHOMATOUS 



899 



TRANSFORM ISM 



vocal bands, nodular swellings on the vocal cords; 
singers' nodes. 

trachomatous (tra-ko'-mat-us) [trachoma]. Affected 
with or pertaining to trachoma. 

trachychromatic (trak-e-kro-mat'-ik) [rpaxvs, rough; 
XP&lia, color]. Said of a nucleus with a deeply 
staining chromatin. 

trachyphonia {trak-if-o'-ne-ah) [rpaxvs, rough; cfiuvfi, 
voice]. Roughness or hoarseness of the voice. 

tract [tractus]. i. A distinct, more or less defined 
region having considerable length. 2. Any one of the 
columns of white matter of the spinal cord. 3- A 
track or course, t., acusticocerebellar, a tract of 
fibers arising in the cerebellar nuclei and terminating 
in the nucleus of Deiters. t., alimentary, the alimen- 
tary canal, extending from the mouth to the anus. 
t., anterior ascending cerebellospinal. Same as 
Gowers's tract, t., cerebellar, an ascending tract of 
fibers at the periphery of the posterior portion of the 
lateral column of the spinal cord, t., crossed or 
lateral pyramidal, that part of the pyramidal tract 
which decussates in the medulla, t., descending 
anterolateral, a few long fibers scattered in the anter- 
ior and lateral ground-bundles of the spinal cord, t., 
digestive, the alimentary tract, t., direct or anter- 
ior pyramidal, that part of the pyramidal tract which 
does not decussate in the medulla, t., direct cere- 
bellar. See t., cerebellar, t., frontopontal, a tract 
of nerve-fibers from the frontal lobe of the brain to 
the nucleus pontis. t., genitourinary, the genito- 
urinary organs in continuity, t., habenular, a tract 
of fibers passing from the habenula to the mesal side 
of the red nucleus, t., intermediate, a tract of nerve- 
fibers from the corpus striatum to the motor cerebral 
nuclei, the nucleus pontis, and the opposite cerebellar 
hemisphere, t., intermediolateral, a tract of nerve- 
fibers in the lateral column of the spinal cord, midway 
between the anterior and posterior gray horns, t., 
motor, the path for motor impulses from the brain to 
a muscle, t., olfactory. See olfactory tract, t., op- 
tic. See optic tract, t., oval, a part of the descend- 
ing posteromedial tract of the spinal cord, t., pon- 
tospinal, medial and lateral, tracts of nerve-fibers 
arising in the nuclei of the pontile reticular substance 
and terminating at various levels in the spinal cord. 
t., prepyramidal, the ventral pyramids of the cord. 
t., pupillodilator, the bulbar and spinal portions of 
the anterior longitudinal bundle, t., pyramidal, the 
continuation in the spinal cord of the ventral pyra- 
mids of the oblongata, t., respiratory, the respira- 
tory organs in continuity, t., rubrospinal, a tract of 
nerve-fibers from the red nucleus to the gray matter 
of the spinal cord, t., semilunar, a band of fibers in 
the outer portion of the cerebellum, t., sensory, any 
tract of fibers conducting sensation to the brain, t., 
septomarginal, a narrow strip of fibers in the posterior 
column close to the septum as high as the eleventh 
dorsal segment, t., spinothalamic, that part of the 
fibers in the anterior ascending cerebellospinal tract 
which goes to the lateral nucleus of the thalamus, t., 
spinovestibular, a tract of fibers in the posterior por- 
tion of the direct cerebellar tract going to the vesti- 
bular nucleus, t., temporopontal, a tract of nerve- 
fibers from the temporal lobe to the substantia nigra 
and nucleus pontis. 

tractellum (trak-tel'-lum) [dim. of tractus, a tract; 
pi., tractella). That flagellum of a protozoan which 
precedes in locomotion. 

traction (trak'-shun) [trahere, to draw]. The act 
of drawing or pulling, t.-aneurysm, an aneurysm 
due to traction on the aorta by an incompletely 
atrophied ductus arteriosus, t., axis-, traction in the 
axis or direction of a channel, as of the pelvis, through 
which a body is to be drawn, t., axis-, forceps, an 
obstetric forceps for performing axis-traction in" the 
delivery of fetus, t.-diverticulum, a circumscribed 
sacculation of the esophagus from the traction of 
adhesions, t., elastic, traction by an elastic force. 

tractograph (trak'-to-graf) [trahere, to draw: ypa<j>etv, 
to write]. An apparatus used to make traction tests. 

tractor (trak'-tor) [traction]. 1. An instrument for 
making traction. 2. See Perkinism. 

tractoration (trak-tor-a'-shun) [tractor]. Treat- 
ment by metallic tractors. See Perkinism. 

tractus (trak'-tus) [L.]. See tract, t. centralis, a. 
central tract, t. iliotibialis, the iliotibial band. t. 
olfactorius, the olfactory tract. t. opticus, the 
optic tract, t. solitarius, the respiratory bundle. 
t. spinalis nervi trigemini, the spinal tract, or ascend- 
ing root, of the trigeminal nerve. 



tragacanth {trag'-a-kanth) [rpayaxavda, "goat- 
thorn"]. A gummy exudation from various species 
of Astragalus, of the order Leguminosce, constituting 
the tragacantha of the U. S. P. and B. P. It resembles 
gum-arabic, and is used as a demulcent, and is added 
to water to suspend insoluble powders and for making 
troches, t., glycerin of (glycerinum tragacantha, 
B. P.). t., mucilage of (mucilago tragacantha, U. S. 
P.). Dose 4 dr. (16 Cc). t., powder of, compound 
(pulvis tragacantha compositus, B. P.). Dose 30 gr.- 
1 dr. (2-4 Gm.). 

tragal (tra'-gal) [tragus]. Pertaining to the tragus. 

tragalism (trag'-al-izm) [rpayos, goat]. Salacious- 
ness; sensuality. 

tragi (tra'-gi) [pi. of tragus]. Hairs of the external 
auditory meatus. 

tragicus (traj'-ik-us). See under muscle. 

tragophonia, tragophony (trag-off-o' -ne-ah, trag-off'- 
on-e) [rpayos, goat; 0w^, voice]. Synonym of 
egophony. 

tragopodia (trag-op-o'-de-ah) [rpayos, goat; -kovs, 
foot]. Knock-knee. 

tragus (tra'-gus) [rpdyos, goat]. 1. The small 
prominence of cartilage projecting over the meatus of 
the external ear. 2. One of the hairs at the external 
auditory meatus. 

trailer. See hand, trailing. 

training (tran-ing). Systematic exercise for phys- 
ical development or for some special attainment, 
t.-school, an institution where persons are instructed 
in nursing. 

trait (trat, or tra) [Fr., trait, a line]. Any natural 
characteristic or feature that is peculiar to an in- 
dividual. 

trajector (tra-jek'-tor) [L., "a piercer"]. An instru- 
ment used to determine the approximate location of a 
bullet in the cranium or elsewhere. 

trance (trans) [transitus, a passing or passage]. 1. 
A form of catalepsy, characterized by a prolonged 
condition of abnormal sleep, in which the vital func- 
tions are reduced very low, and from which the 
patients ordinarily cannot be aroused. The breath- 
ing is almost imperceptible, and sensation abolished. 
The onset and awakening are both very sudden. 2. 
The state of syncope much protracted, t.-doctor, a 
mesmerist, t., ecstatic, catalepsy, t.„ hysterical, the 
trance-like condition sometimes met with in hysteria. 

trans- [trans, across]. A prefix denoting through or 
across. 

transanimation (trans-an-im-a'-shun) [trans-; anima, 
life]. The performing of artificial respiration on a 
stillborn infant. 

transaudient (trans-aw'-de-ent) [trans-; audire, to 
hear]. Allowing the transmission of sound. 

transcendental (tran-sen-den'-tal) [trans-; scandere, 
to climb]. Beyond the bounds of experience, t. 
anatomy, philosophical anatomy. 

transcortical (trans-kor'-lik-al) [trans-; cortex]. 
Across or through the cortex. From one part of the 
cortex to another. 

transect (tran-sekf) [trans-; secare, to cut]. To 
make a transection. 

transection (trans-ek'-shun) [trans-; section]. A 
section made across the long axis of a part. 

transfer {trans' -fer) [trans-; ferre, to carry]. The 
change of anesthesia or hyperesthesia or other symp- 
tom from one part of the body to another, a phe- 
nomenon present in some cases of hysteria. 

transference (trans-fer'-ens). 1. See transfer. 2. 
See telepathy. 

transfix (trans-fiks') [trans-; figere, to fix]. To 
pierce through and through. 

transfixion (trans-fik'-shun) [transfix]. 1. The act 
of piercing through and through. 2. A method of 
amputation in which the knife is passed directly 
through the soft parts, the cutting being done from 
within outward. 

transforation (trans-for-a'-shun) [trans-; for are, to 
pierce]. The act of perforating, as transforation of 
the fetal skull. 

transforator (trans' -f or -a-tor) [trans-; for are, to 
pierce]. An instrument for transforation of the fetal 
head. 

transformation (trans-for-ma'-shun) [trans-; for- 
mare, to form]. 1. A change of form or constitution. 
2. A change of one form of connective tissue into 
another. 3. Degeneration. 

transformism (trans-for'-mizm) [trans-; formare, to 
form, shape]. In biology, the doctrine of descent 
with modification; the transmutation of species. 



TRANSFRONTAL 



900 



TRAPEZIFORM 



transfrontal (trans-fron'-tal) [trans-; frons, fore- 
head]. Crossing the frontal lobe of the brain. 

transfuse (tranz-fuz') . To perform transfusion. 

transfuser, transfusionist (trans-fu'-zur, trans-fu'- 
zjun-ist). One skilled in the transfusion of blood. 

transfusion (trans-fu'-zjun) [trans-; fundere, to 
pour], i. A transfer of blood into the veins. 2. The 
introduction into a vessel of the body of blood, saline 
solution, or other liquid. 3. The pouring of liquid 
from one vessel to another, t., arterial, transfusion of 
blood into an artery, t., direct, t., immediate, the 
transfusion of blood from one person to another with- 
out exposure of the blood to the air. t., indirect, t., 
mediate, the introduction of blood that was first 
drawn into a vessel, t. peritoneal, transfusion into 
the peritoneal cavity, t., reciprocal, the exchange 
of equal volumes of blood between a patient suffering 
from a febrile disease and one who is convalescent 
from that disease, t., venous, transfusion into a vein. 

transic (trans' -ik) [trance]. Relating to a trance. 

transiliac (trans-iV-e-ak) [trans-; ilium, ilium]. 
Passing across from one ilium to the other, as the 
transiliac diameter or axis. 

transilient (trans-il'-e-ent) [trans-; salire, to leap]. 
Extending across, t. fiber, a nerve-fiber passing 
from one convolution of the brain to another not im- 
mediately adjacent. 

transillumination (trans-il-u-min-a'-shun) [trans- ; 
illumination]. Illumination of the walls of a cavity 
by a light passed through them, or, the throwing of an 
intense light through the substance of a hollow organ 
as a means of diagnosis. 

transinsular (trans-in'-su-lar) [trans-; insula, is- 
land]. Traversing the insula of the brain or the 
island of Reil. 

transischiac (trans-is' -ke-ak) [trans-; ischium]. Ex- 
tending transversely from one ischium to the other. 

transition (trans-ish'-un) [transire, to go over]. 
Change; passsage from one state to another, t.- 
resistance, the resistance introduced into an electric 
current by the accumulation of decomposition-pro- 
ducts upon the electrodes. 

translation (trans-la' -shun) [L., translatus]. A 
change of location. 

translucent (trans-lu'-sent) [trans-; lucere, to shine]. 
Permitting a partial transmission of light; somewhat 
transparent. 

translucid (trans-lu'-sid). Semitransparent. 

translumination (trans-lu-min-a'-shun). Synonym 
of transillumination. 

transmigration (trans-mi-gra'-shun) [trans-; mi- 
grare, to wander] . 1 . A wandering across or through ; 
as transmigration of the ovum, transmigration of the 
white corpuscles. 2. Diapedesis. t., external, the 
passage of an ovum from one ovary to the opposite 
oviduct without traversing the uterus, t., internal, 
the passage of the ovum through its proper oviduct 
into the uterus and across to the opposite oviduct. 

transmissibility (trans-mis-ib-il'-it-e) [trans-; mit- 
tere, to send]. The capability of being transmitted 
or communicated from one person to another. 

transmission (trans-mish'-un) [trans-; mittere, to 
send]. I. The communication or transfer of any- 
thing, especially disease, from one person or place to 
another. 2. See heredity, t., duplex, the property of 
nerves of transmitting impulses in two directions. 
t., placental, the conveyance of certain drugs and 
bacteria and their products through the fetoplacental 
circulation. . 

transmitting power. The faculty which an indi- 
vidual organism has of transmitting its individual 
peculiarities to its progeny. 

transmutation (trans-mu-ta'-shun) [transmutare, to 
change]. The process of changing; the conversion of 
one substance or one form into another substance or 
form. 

transocular (trans-ok'-u-lar) [trans-; oculus, eye]. 
Extending across the eye. 

transonance (trans' -o-nans) [trans-; sonar e, to 
sound]. Transmitted resonance; the transmission of 
sounds through an organ, as of the cardiac sounds 
through the lungs and chest-wall. 

transpalatine (trans-pal' -at-in) [trans-; palatine]. 
1. Transverse, as a palatine bone, which extends on 
either side from the median line. 2 . A bone of certain 
sauropsidan vertebrates. 

transpalmar (trans-pal '-mar) [trans-; palma, palm]. 
Situated across the palm. 

transpalmaris (trans-pal-ma' -ris) [trans-; palma, 
palm]. The palmaris brevis muscle. See muscles. 



transparent (trans-pa' -rent) [trans-; par ere, to ap- 
pear] . Having the property of permitting the passage 
of light-rays without material obstruction, so that 
objects beyond the transparent body can be seen. 

trans per ineeus (trans-per-in-e'-us) [trans-; perin- 
ceum, perineum]. The transversus perinaei muscle. 

transperitoneal (trans-per-it-on-e'-al). Across the 
peritoneal cavity; through the peritoneum. 

transpinalis (trans-pi-na'-lis) [trans-; spinalis, spi- 
nall. Any intertransverse muscle of the vertebral 
column. 

transpiration (trans-pir-a'-shun) [trans- ; spirare, to 
breathe]. 1. The act of exhaling fluid or gas through 
the skin. 2. The material exhaled, t., pulmonary, 
the exhalation of watery vapor from the lungs. 

transplantar (trans-plan' -tar) [trans-; planta, sole]. 
Lying across the sole. 

transplantation (trans-plan-ta'-shun) [trans-; plan- 
tare, to plant]. The operation of transplanting or of 
applying to a part of the body tissues taken from 
another body or from another part of the same body. 
See graft, t. of cornea, see keratoplasty, t. of teeth, 
the insertion of a natural tooth from a foreign source 
in a natural alveolus. 

transpleural (trans-ploo'-rdl) [trans-; w\evpa, side]. 
Crossing the pleural sac. 

transposition (trans-po-zish'-un) [trans-; position]. 
A change of position, t. of the viscera, a change in 
the position of the viscera whereby they are placed 
on the side opposite to that normally occupied. 

transprocess (trans-pros' -es) [trans-; processus, 
process]. A transverse process. 

transsection (trans-sek' -shun) . A cross-section. 

transsegmental (trans-seg-ment'-al). Across a seg- 
ment of a limb or organ. 

transtemporal (trans-tem'-po-ral) [trans-; tempus, 
temple]. Crossing the temporal lobe. 

transthalamic (trans-thal-am'-ik). Across the thal- 
amus. 

transthoracic (trans-tho-ras'-ik) [trans-; thorax]. 
Extending across the thorax. 

transthoracotomy (trans-tho-rak-ot'-o-me) [trans-; 
thorax; tow, a cutting]. The operation of cutting 
across the thorax. 

transubstantiation (trans-sub-stan-she-a'-shun) 

[trans-; substantia, substance]. The replacement of 
one tissue by another. 

transudate (trans' -u-dat) [trans-; sudare, to per- 
spire]. A liquid or other substance produced by 
transudation. 

transudation (trans-u-da'-shun) [transudate]. 1. 
The passing of fluid through a membrane, especially 
of blood-serum through the vessel-walls. 2. Trans- 
udate. 

transudatory (trans-u'-da-to-re) [trans-; sudare, to 
perspire]. Passing by or pertaining to transudation 

transvaginal (trans-vaj'-in-al). Across or through 
the vagina. 

transversal (trans-ver'-sal) [trans-; verier e, to turn]. 
Transverse; running across. 

transversalis (trans-ver-sa'-lis) [trans-; vertere, to 
turn]. Transverse; an artery (transversalis colli) or a. 
muscle (transversalis abdominis) running transversely. 
See under artery and under muscle, t. fascia, the 
fascia on the inner surface of the transversalis ab- 
dominis between the latter and the peritoneum. 

transverse (trans-vers') [trans-; vertere, to turn]. 
Crosswise; at right angles to the longitudinal axis of 
the body. t. presentation, a presentation of the fetus 
at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the 
uterus. 

transversectomy (trans-ver-sek'-to-me) [transverse ; 
WTOM, excision]. Removal of the transverse process 
of a vertebra. 

transversus (trans-ver'-sus) [L.]. Transverse, as 
transversus muscle. See under muscle. 

transvestism (trans-vest'-izm) [trans-; vestis, a gar- 
ment]. Cross dressing; a man wearing woman's 
clothes, or vice versa. 

trap (trap). A device intended to prevent the 
escape of foul vapors from sewers and waste-pipes into 
a house. It generally consists of one or more S- 
shaped pipes, filled with water; some are provided 
also with valves, t.-door flap, a semicircular or 
horseshoe flap made in trephining the skull. 

trapezate (trap'-ez-at). Same as trapeziform. 

trapezial (tra-pe'-ze-al). Pertaining to the tra- 
pezium, or to the trapezius. 

trapeziform (tra-pez'-if-orm) [rp6.xt£a, table; forma 
form]. Having the shape of a trapezium. 



TRAPEZIOMETACARPAL 



901 



TREMOR 



trapeziometacarpal (tra-pe-ze-o-met-ah-kar'-pal) [tra- 
pezium; metacarpal]. Pertaining to the trapezium 
and the metacarpus. 

trapezium (tra-pe'-ze-um) [rpaxefd, a table], i. 
The multangulum majus, the first bone of the second 
row of carpal bones. 2. A tract of transverse fibers 
situated in the lower part of the pons, inclosing the 
superior olivary nucleus, and connected with the ac- 
cessory auditory nucleus. 

trapezius (tra-pe'-ze-us). See under muscle. 

trapezoid (trap'-ez-oid) [rpaire£ a, a table; eUos, like]. 
A geometrical four-sided figure having two parallel 
and two diverging sides, t. bone, or simply trapezoid, 
the multangulum minus, the second bone of the sec- 
ond row of the carpus, t. ligament. See ligament, 
trapezoid, t. line, a rough line on the clavicle to 
which the t. ligament is attached. 

Trapp's formula [Hermann Trapp, German phy- 
sician]. The product obtained by doubling the last 
two figures of the specific gravity of the urine roughly 
indicates the number of grams of solids per 1000 Cc. 
of urine. 

Traube's corpuscles (trow'-beh) [Ludwig Traube, 
German physician, 1818-1876]. Normal red blood- 
corpuscles appearing as pale yellowish rings. Syn., 
phantom corpuscles. T.'s curves, large rhythmic 
undulations seen in a sphygmographic tracing soon 
after respiration has ceased; they are attributed to 
stimulation of the vasomotor center in the oblongata. 
T.'s dyspnea, dyspnea with slow respiratory move- 
ments, marked expansion of the thorax during in- 
spiration, and collapse during expiration; it is noted 
in diabetes mellitus. T.'s phenomenon, a double 
sound, systolic and diastolic, heard over peripheral 
arteries, especially the femoral, in aortic insufficiency, 
occasionally also in mitral stenosis, lead-poisoning, 
etc. T.'s plugs. See Dittrich's plugs. T.'s semi- 
lunar space, the space in which the tympanitic sound 
of the stomach can be heard within the thorax under 
normal conditions; it is bounded by the liver, the 
lower border of the left lung, the spleen, and the arch 
of the free ribs. 

Traube-Hering's curves. (trow' -beh-ha' -ring) 
[Traube; Ewald Hering, German physician, 1834- ]. 
See Traube's curves. 

traulism, traulismus (traw'-lizm, traw-liz'-mus) 
[rpauXuTMoj, a lisping]. A lisping; a stammer; drawl- 
ling, or imperfect utterance. 

trauma (traw'-mah) [rpavna, a wound: pi., trauma- 
ta]. A wound; an injury. 

traumatic (traw-mat'-ik) [trauma]. Pertaining to 
or caused by a wound or injury, t. degeneration, the 
degeneration of the ends of nerves at the point of 
section, extending to the nearest node of Ranvier, 
after which fatty degeneration begins, t. fever, fever 
following within from eight to thirty-six hours of an 
operation or injury. It is due to absorption of poi- 
sonous material from the seat of injury, t. hysteria. 
See fright-neuroses, t. infective diseases, a class of 
diseases characterized by definite symptoms following 
wounds or abrasions, t. suggestion. See autosug- 
gestion. 

traumaticin (traw-mat'-is-in) [trauma]. A solu- 
tion of guttapercha in chloroform used for closing 
superficial wounds. 

traumatism (traw'-mal-izm) [trauma], 1. The con- 
dition produced by trauma. 2. Improperly, trauma. 

traumatol (traw'-mat-ol) [trauma]. Iodocresol, C7- 
H7IO, obtained by the action of iodine on cresol. It 
is an odorless, reddish-violet precipitate containing 
54% of iodine, soluble in chloroform and carbon disul- 
phide, insoluble in water, acid, and alcohol. It is 
a surgical antiseptic, used pure as a dusting-powder 
and in 5-10% pastes and ointments. 

traumatology (traw-mat-ol'-o-je) [trauma; X6705, 
science]. The science or description of wounds. 

traumatonesis (traw-mat-o-ne'-sis) [rpavna., a 
wound ; vijait, a suture]. Suture of a wound. 

traumatopnea (traw-mat-op-ne'-ah) [trauma; ttvoti, 
breath]. The passage of respiratory air through a 
wound in the chest-wall. 

traumatopyra (traw-mat-o-pi'-rah) [rpavna, wound; 
irvp, fever]. Synonym of traumatic fever. 

traumatosepsis (traw-mat-o-sep'-sis) [rpavp-a, a 
wound; arj\f/is, putrefaction]. Synonym of hospital 
gangrene. 

traumatosis (traw-mat-o'-sis) [trauma]. Trauma- 
tism. 

travail (trav'-il). Labor in childbed. 

travel-sickness. Car-sickness. 



tray (Jtra). A flat, shallow vessel of glass, hard 
rubber, or metal, for holding instruments during a 
surgical operation. 

treacle (tre'-kl). The uncrystallized residue rem- 
aining after the refining of cane-sugar. See theriaca, 
and molasses. 

treat (tret). To manage disease by the application 
of remedies. 

treatment (tret'-ment) [tractare, to treat]. The 
means employed in effecting the cure of disease; the 
management of disease or of diseased patients, t., 
active, that which is vigorously applied to the disease, 
t., causal, that which is directed to the removal of 
the cause of a disease, t., conservative, that which 
abstains from any interference until absolutely indi- 
cated; in surgical cases it aims at preservation rather 
than mutilation, t., empirical, see empiric, t., ex- 
pectant. See expectant, t., mixed, treatment of 
syphilis with mercury and potassium iodide, t., pal- 
liative, that which is directed towards relief of symp- 
toms rather than to cure of the disease, t., preven- 
tive, t., prophylactic. See preventive, prophylactic. 
t., rational. See rational, t., specific. See spe- 
cific, t., supporting, that which is directed to keeping 
up the strength of the patient, t., symptomatic, 
See symptomatic, t., terrain. See terrain-cure. 

trefoil tendon. The central tendon of the dia- 
phragm. 

trefusia (tre-fu'-ze-ah). A red-brown, soluble pow- 
der, obtained by drying defibrinated blood. It is used 
in chlorosis. 

trehala (tre-hah'-lah) [Turkish]. Turkish manna ; a 
variety of manna derived from the cocoons of Lar- 
inus maculatus, an insect that feeds upon an Asiatic 
thistle, Echinops persica. 

trehalose (tre-hal'-os), O2H22O11. A carbohydrate 
resembling sugar, derived from ergot and from trehala 
manna. 

Treitz's fossa [Wenzel Treitz, Austrian physician, 
1819- 1872]. The inferior duodenal fossa; a fossa in 
the peritoneum on the left side of the ascending duo- 
denum. T.'s hernia. Retroperitoneal hernia; duode- 
nojejunal hernia. T.'s ligament, a fold of the perito- 
neum extending from the duodenojejunal junction to 
the left crus of the diaphragm. T.'s muscle, the sus- 
pensory muscle of the duodenum; a thin, trian- 
gular muscle that arises from the left crus of the dia- 
phragm and the connective tissue surrounding the 
celiac axis, and is inserted into the duodenojejunal 
flexure. 

trema (tre'-mah) [rp^pa, a hole]. 1. A synonym of 
foramen. 2. The vulva. 3- A genus of the Ulmacece. 
t. orientalis, Indian nettle-tree. The bark, leaves, 
and root are used as a remedy for epilepsy. 

trematode (trem'-at-od) [rp^pa, hole; elaos, like]. A 
member of the Trematoda, a class of worms, some of 
which are parasitic in man and the lower animals. 

tremble (trem'-bl) [tremere, to tremble]. To be 
affected with slight, quick, and continued vibratory 
movements; to quiver. 

trembles (trem'-blz) [tremere, to tremble]. Synon- 
nym of milk-sickness. Also used as a synonym of 
paralysis agitans. 

trembling (trem'-bling) [tremere, to tremble]. A 
tremor; quivering; affected with involuntary mus- 
cular agitation, t. chair, a chair used in the treat- 
ment of paralysis agitans for giving vibratory motion 
to the body of the patient seated in it. t. palsy. 
Synonym of paralysis agitans. 

tremellose (trem'-el-os) [tremere, to tremble]. In 
biology, jelly-like. 

tremogram (trem'-o-gram) [tremere, to tremble; 
7pdpp<x, a writing]. The tracing of tremor made by 
means of the tremograph. 

tremograph (trem'-o-graf) [tremor; ypa<pn, a writing]. 
A device for recording tremor. 

tremolo (trem'-o-lo). An apparatus for performing 
massage; a vibrator. 

tremor (trem'-or) [tremere, to shake]. A trembling 
of the voluntary muscles, t. arsenical, a tremor the 
result of arsenical intoxication, t. artuum, paralysis 
agitans. t. capitis, tremor affecting the muscles of 
the neck and head. t. coactus. Synonym of I., 
forced, t., continuous, a form of tremor which resem- 
bles that of paralysis agitans; it is, however, likely 
to be remittent, and may be diminished or arrested 
by voluntary effort, t., convulsive. See paramy- 
oclonus, t. cordis, a sudden rapid fluttering of the 
heart, and the ordinary full pulse of health suddenly 
drops to a mere tremulous thread. A symptom often 



TREMORLESS 



902 



TRIANGLE 



/ 



met in neurotic persons, t., epileptoid, intermittent 
clonus with tremor, t., fibrillary, tremor caused by 
I consecutive contractions of separate muscle-fibrilla?. 
t., forced, the convulsive movements persisting during 
repose after voluntary motion, due to an intermittent 
and rhythmic irritation of the nervous centers, t., 
hysterical, the tremor observed in hysteria, and due to 
the uncertainty of nervous impulse, t., intention, 
one appearing on voluntary movement, t., inter- 
mittent, the tremor commonly observed in hemi- 
plegics m on any attempt at voluntary motion, t., 
mercurial, a peculiar form of tremor observed among 
smelters and others exposed to the fumes of mercury. 
It is sudden or gradual in onset, and is usually unac- 
companied by sailvation. The arms are first in- 
volved, and then the entire muscular system. If al- 
lowed to go on, paralysis, mania and idiocy may re- 
sult, t. metallicus. See t., mercurial, t., muscular, 
slight, oscillating, rhythmical muscular contractions. 
t. potatorum, delirium tremens, t., purring. Syn- 
onym of purring thrill, t., Rendu's type of, a hyster- 
ical tremor provoked or increased by volitional 
movements, t. saturninus, the tremor of lead-poi- 
soning, t. tendinum. Synonym of subsultus ten- 
dinum. t., vibratile. Svnonvm of fremitus, t., voli- 
tional, a trembling of the entire body during volun- 
tary effort as observed in multiple sclerosis. See t., 
intentional, t.s from zinc-poisoning. Synonym of 
brass-founder's ague (q. v. under ague]. 

tremorless (trem'-or-less) [tremere, to tremble]. 
Free from tremor. 

tremulation (trem-u-la' -shun) [tremulare, to trem- 
ble]. A tremulous condition. 

tremulor (trem'-u-lor). An appliance for the ad- 
ministration of vibratory massage. 

tremulous (trem'-u-lus)[ tremor]. Trembling, quiv- 
ering, as tremulous iris. 

Trendelenburg position [Friedrich Trendelenburg, 
German surgeon, 1844- ]. One in which the patient 
lies on the back on a plane inclined at about 45 °, the 
pelvis higher than the heafd. 

trepan (tre-pan') [rpvirav , bore]. An old form of the 
word trephine. 

trepanatio (trep-an-a'-she-o). See trephining, t. 
corneae, an operation for conical cornea, by means of 
the conical trephine. 

trepanation (trep-an-a'-shun) [trepan]. The oper- 
ation of trephining. 

trepanize (trep'-an-iz) [trepan]. To trepan. 

trepanning {tre-pan' -ing). Boring; using the tre- 
phine, t.-elevator, a lever used to raise the piece of 
bone detached by the trepan. 

Trepanosoma (trep-an-o-so'-mah). See Trypano- 
soma. 

trepanosomiasis (trep-an-o-so-mi'-as-is). See try- 
panosomiasis. 

trephination (tref-in-a' -shun) . See trephining. 

trephine (tre-fin) [Fr., trephine]. 1. An instru- 
ment for cutting out a circular piece of bone, usually 
from the skull. 2. To operate with the trephine. 
t. brace, a trephine with an ordinary carpenters' 
brace, t., conical, a trephine with a truncated cone- 
shaped crown and provided with oblique ridges on its 
outer surface to stop its progress as soon as the bone is 
penetrated, t., corneal, a small cutting trephine used 
to remove a circular section from the summit of a 
conical cornea. It is manipulated with the thumb 
and finger, t. of Gault, a form of conical trephine. 
t., nasal, an instrument made of a steel shaft ending 
in a small, fenestrated tube, having a knife or saw 
edge, t., tympanic, an instrument made of a small 
steel shaft ending in a small, polished tube, 2 mm. in 
diameter, with a cutting edge. 

trephining (tre-fi'-ning) [trephine]. The operation 
of cutting bone with a trephine. 

trepidatio itrep-id-a' -she-o) [trepidare, to be agi- 
tated]. The state of agitation, t. cordis, palpitation 
of the heart. 

trepidation (trep-id-a'-shun) [trepidare, to tremble]. 
1. Trembling. 2. A peculiar oscillatory movement 
at times seen in the muscles after hemiplegia. 

Treponema pallidum (tre-po-ne'-mah pal' -id-urn) . 
The pathogenic parasite of syphilis. Syn., Spirochceta 
pallida. T., pertenue, the supposed pathogenic parasite 
of yaws. Syn., Spirochceta pertenuis. 

treppe (trep' -eh). See summation. 

Tresilian's sign, of mumps (tres-il'-e-an) [Frederick 
James Tresilian, British physician]. The opening of 
Stenson's duct on the inner surface of the cheek op- 



posite the second upper molar becomes a bright red 
papilla. 

tresis (tre'-sis) [TerpaiveLv, to pierce]. Wound, per- 
foration, t. causis, see burn. t. punctura, a puncture, 
t. vulnus, a wound. 

Tretop's test for albumin in urine. Four or 5 Cc. 
of fresh urine are heated in a test-tube nearly to boil- 
ing-point, and a few drops of 40% formalin added 
after it is removed from the flame. Any albumin in 
the urine is coagulated like the white of an egg, and 
accumulates on the surface and walls of the tube. 

Treves' bloodless fold [Sir Frederick Treves, Eng- 
lish surgeon, 1853- ]• The ileoappendicular fold. 
A quadrilateral fold of the peritoneum attached by 
its upper border. to the ileum, opposite the mesenteric 
attachment, and by its lower border to the mesoap- 
pendix or to the appendix itself . The outer or right 
border is attached to the inner aspect of the cecum 
as far down as the appendix, the left or inner concave 
margin being free. 
. tri- [rpels, or ires, three]. A prefix denoting three. 

triacetate (tri-as'-e-tat). An acetate containing 
three molecules of the acetic-acid radical. 

triacetin (tri-as'-et-in) [tres, three; acetum, vinegar], 
CsH5(C2H302)3. An oily liquid found in cod-liver 
oil, in some of the fats, in the oil of Euonymus europce- 
us and in a mixture of glycerin and glacial acetic acid. 

triacid (tri-as'-id) [tri-; acidum, acid]. Of an al- 
cohol, containing three atoms of rrydrogen replaceable 
by a base. 

triacol (tri'-ak-ol). Trade name of a preparation 
containing sodium, potassium and ethyl -morphine 
salts of guaiacol-sulphonic acid: used in phthisis and 
other chronic lung affections. 

triad (tri' -ad). See under quantivalence. t., Hut- 
chinson's, the combination of notched teeth, inter- 
stitial keratitis and otitis, found in subjects of heredi- 
tary syphilis. 

triakaidekaphobia (tri-a-ki-dek-af-o'-be-ah) [rpiaic- 
aldeKa, thirteen; <j>6{ios, fear]. Insane fear of the num- 
ber thirteen. 

trial (tri'-al) [Fr., trier, .to try]. The act of trying 
or testing, t.-case, a box of lenses for testing and 
estimating the refraction of the eye, containing bi- 
biconvex, biconcave, cylindrical, prismatic, and other 
lenses, t.-frame, a spectacle-frame into which the 
trial-lenses may be slipped, t.-glasses or t.-lenses, a 
graduated set of concave, convex, cylindrical, and pris- 
matic lenses used in testing vision. See spectacle- 
lenses, t.-jar, a jar in which. mixed liquids are allowed, 
to stand in order that they may separate by gravity. 

triallylamine (tri-al-il-am'^in). A volatile base 
having the formula (CsHg^N-, j 

triamine (tri-am'-in). A compound derived from 
three molecules of ammonia in which the hydrogen 
has in part or wholly been replaced by bases. 

triangle (tri'-ang-gl) [tri-; angulus, an angle]. A 
figure having three sides and three angles, t. of Bry- 
ant. See t., iliofemoral, t., carotid, inferior, a tri- 
angle located in the neck; it is bounded in front by the 
median line of the neck, behind by the anterior margin 
of the sternomastoid, and above by the anterior belly 
of the omohyoid. Its floor is formed by the longus 
colli below and the scalenus anticus above. The com- 
mon carotid artery, internal jugular vein, vagus nerve, 
superficialis colli nerve, a branch of the communi- 
cans noni, the inferior thyroid artery, the recurrent 
laryngeal nerve, the sympathetic nerve, the trachea, 
thyroid gland, and larynx are the important struc- 
tures within it. Syn., triangle of necessity, t., caro- 
tid, superior, a triangle located in the neck; it is 
bounded behind by the sternomastoid, in front by 
the anterior belly of the omohyoid, and above by the 
posterior belly of the digastric. Its floor is formed by 
the thyrohoid, hyoglossus, and inferior and middle 
constrictors of the pharynx. The most important 
structures contained within it are the common carotid 
artery and its bifurcation into the external and in- 
ternal carotids, the superior thyroid artery, the lin- 
gual artery, the facial artery, the occipital and ascend- 
ing laryngeal arteries, the internal jugular vein, and 
the veins corresponding to the arteries mentioned, 
the descendens noni, hypoglossal, pneumogastric, 
sympathetic, spinal accessory, superior laryngeal, and 
external laryngeal nerves. Syn., triangle of election. 
t., cephalic, a triangle on the anteroposterior plane of 
the skull, bounded by lines joining the occiput with 
the forehead and with the chin and a line joining the 
latter two. t., digastric. See t., submaxillary, t. of 
elbow, a triangle lying in front of the elbow with the 



TRIANGLE 



903 



TRICHATROPHIA 



base directed upward toward the humerus, and boun- 
ded externally by the supinator longus and internally 
by the pronator radii teres. Its floor is formed by the 
brachialis anticus and supinator brevis. Its con- 
tents are the brachial artery and veins, the radial and 
ulnar arteries, the median and musculospiral nerves, 
and the tendon of the biceps, t. of election. See t., 
carotid, superior, t., extravesical. See Pawlik's 
triangle, t., fascial, a triangle formed by lines 
uniting the basion with the alveolar and nasal points 
and a line joining the latter two. t., frontal, a tri- 
angle bounded by the maximum frontal diameter and 
lines joining its extremities and the glabella, t. of 
Hesselbach. See Hesselbach's triangle, t., hypo- 
glossohyoid, a triangular space in the lateral sub- 
hyoid region, limited above by the hypoglossal nerve, 
in front by the posterior border of the mylohyoid 
muscle, behind and below by the tendon of the digas- 
tric muscle. The area is occupied by the hyoglossal 
muscle, which covers the lingual artery, t., iliofemo- 
ral, a triangle located at the hip. Its hypothenuse is 
formed by Nelaton's line, a second side by the con- 
tinuation outward of a line drawn through the two 
superior iliac spines, and the third by a line drawn at 
right angles to this form the summit of the greater 
trochanter, t., inferior occipital, a triangle having 
the bimastoid diameter for its base and the inion for 
its apex, t., infraclavicular, a triangle situated below 
the clavicle; it is bounded above by the clavicle, below 
and to the inner side by the upper border of the great 
pectoral muscle, and to the outer side by the anterior 
border of the deltoid. It contains the axillary artery. 
t., inguinal. Same as t., Scarpa's, t., interde- 
ferential. See trigone, t. of Lesser, a triangle 
located in the neck. Its boundaries are as follows: 
at its upper border, the hypoglossal nerve; the 
two sides are formed by the anterior and poste- 
rior bellies of the digastric muscle. It is covered by 
the skin, superficial and deep fascia, and apex of the 
submaxillary gland. The floor is formed by the hyo- 
glossus muscle. It contains the ranine vein arid hypo- 
glossal nerve, t., lumbocostoabdominal, a triangle 
bounded anteriorly by the external oblique, superiorly 
by the lower border of the serratus posticus inferior 
and the point of the twelfth rib, posteriorly by the 
outer edge of the erector spina?, and inferiorly by the 
internal oblique, t., Malgaigne's. See t., carotid, 
superior, t., mylohyoid, the space bounded by the 
mylohyoid and the two bellies of the digastric, t. 
of necessity. Same as t., carotid, inferior, t. of the 
neck, anterior, a triangle bounded anteriorly by a line 
extending from the chin to the sternum, posteriorly 
by the anterior margin of the sternomastoid, the base 
being formed by the lower border of the body of the 
inferior maxilla and a continuation of this line to the 
mastoid process of the temporal bone. It is subdivi- 
ded into three smaller triangles by the digastric mus- 
cle above and the anterior belly of the omohyoid be- 
low. These are named from below upward the in- 
ferior carotid, the superior carotid, and the submax- 
illary, t. of the neck, posterior, a triangle bounded 
anteriorly by the sternomastoid muscle, posteriorly 
by the anterior margin of the trapezius; the base is 
formed by the upper border of the clavicle; the apex 
corresponds to the occiput. It is divided by the 
posterior belly of the omohyoid muscle into two tri- 
angles, the occipital or upper, and the subclavian or 
lower, t., occipital, a triangle with the following 
boundaries: anteriorly, the sternomastoid muscle; 
posteriorly, the trapezius; and below, the omohyoid 
muscle. Its important contents are the spinal ac- 
cessory nerve, the ascending and descending branches 
of the cervical plexus, and the transversalis colli 
artery and vein, t., omoclavicular. Same as t., sub- 
clavian, q. v. t., omohyoid. Same as t., superior 
carotid, t., omotracheal. See t., carotid inferior, t., 
palatal, a triangle having the width of the palate as 
its base and the alveolar point as its apex. t. of Petit. 
See Petit's triangle, t., pubourethral, a triangle sit- 
uated in the perineum. Its boundaries are exter- 
nally the bulbocavernosus muscle, and posteriorly 
the transversus perinan. t., Scarpa's, a triangle lo- 
cated in the proximal third of the thigh. The boun- 
daries are, externally, the sartorius muscle; internally, 
the adductor longus muscle, and above, Poupart's 
ligament. Its important contents are the femoral 
artery and vein, the anterior crural nerve, and the 
crural branch of the genitocrural nerve, ts., Simon's, 
the groin, the internal face of the thighs, and the 
hypogastric region form the femoral triangle of Simon; 



the surface of the axilla, the pectoral region, and the 
inner aspect of the arm, the brachial triangle of Simon. 
t., subclavian, a triangle bounded above by the pos- 
terior belly of the omohyoid muscle, below by the 
upper border of the clavicle. Its base is formed by 
the sternomastoid muscle. It contains the subclavian 
artery and occasionally the vein, the brachial plexus 
of nerves, the suprascapular vessels, the transversalis 
colli artery and vein, and the external jugular vein, 
t., submaxillary, a triangle formed above by the lower 
border of the body of the inferior maxilla and a con- 
tinuation of this line to the mastoid process of the 
temporal bone, below by the posterior belly of the 
digastric and the stylohyoid muscle, and anteriorly 
by the middle line of the neck. It contains the sub- 
maxillary gland, the facial artery and vein, the sub- 
mental artery, the mylohyoid artery and nerve, and 
the stylomaxillary ligament, behind which is the ex- 
ternal carotid artery, t., suboccipital, a triangle in 
the posterior part of the neck, formed by the rectus 
capitis posticus major and superior and inferior ob- 
lique muscles, and containing the vertebral artery. 
t., suprameatal. See Macewen's triangle, t., sur- 
gical, a triangular space containing important vessels 
and nerves which may require to be operated upon. 
t., vesical, a triangle at the base of the bladder — the 
trigonum of the urinary bladder. The apex is at the 
beginning of the urethra, and the other two angles at 
the orifices of the ureters. 

triangular (tri-ang'-gu-lar) [triangle]. Having three 
sides or angles, as the triangular ligament. 

triangularis (tri-ang-gu-la'-ris). A triangular mus- 
cle. See under muscle. 

triatomic (tri-at-om'-ik) [tri-; atom], i. Consisting 
of three atoms. 2. Having three atoms of replaceable 
hydrogen. 

tribade (trib'-ad) [tribadism]. 1. One who indulges 
in tribadism. 2. The active agent in tribadism. 

tribadism itrib' -ad-izm) [rpi$u.v, to rub]. Unnat- 
ural sexual relations between women, produced by 
friction of the genitals. 

tribasic (tri-ba'-sik) [tri-; basis, a base]. Having 
three hydrogen atoms replaceable by bases. 

tribrachius (tri-bra'-ke-us) [tri-; fipaxloy, arm]. 
A monster with three arms. 

tribromaniline (tri-bro-man'-il-in) , CeH4Br3N. Col- 
orless needles obtained from aniline by action of 
bromine, t. hydrobromide. See bromamide. 

tribromhydrin (tri-brom-hi'-drin). See allyl tri- 
bromide. 

tribromide (tri-brom'-td) [tri-; bromide]. A com- 
pound of bromine containing three atoms of bromine 
in the molecule. 

tribrommethane (tri-brom-meth'-an) [tri-; bromine; 
methane], Bromoform. 

tribromobenzol (tri-bro-mo-ben'-zol) CeHsBn. A 
bromine substitution-product of benzene. 

tribromosalol, tribromsalol (tri-bro-mo-sa'-lol, tri- 
brom-sa'-lol), CeHs . CvHiBrsOs. A crystalline sub- 
stance used as an intestinal antiseptic and hypnotic. 

tribromphenol (tri-brom-fe'-nol) [tri-; Ppapos, 
stench; phenol], CeH-BrsOH. A substance produced 
by the reaction of phenol with bromine. It is anti- 
septic, especially for the intestinal tract. Dose 1-4 
gr. (0.06-0.26 Gm.). t.-bismuth, xeroform. 

tribromphenyl salicylate (tri-brom-fen'-il). Tri- 
bromsalol. 

tributum (trib-u' -turn) [tribuere, to render]. A 
tribute, t. lunare. Synonym of menstruation. 

tricalcic (tri-kal'-sik) [tri-; calcium]. Containing 
three atoms of calcium. 

tricaudalis (tri-kaw-da'-lis) [tri-; cauda, a tail]. 
The retrahens aurem muscle; so-called because it is 
composed of three slips. 

tricellular (tri-sel '-u-lar) [tri-; cellula, a cell]. 
Having three cells. 

tricephalus (tri-sef'-al-us) [tri-; Ke<t>aKij, head]. 
A monster with three heads. 

triceps (tri'-seps) [tri-; caput, head]. Three- 
headed; a muscle having three heads. See under 
muscle. 

trich-, tricho- (trik-, trik-o-) [9pi%, a hair]. A 
prefix signifying pertaining to a hair. 

trichangeia (trik-an-ji'-ah) [trich-; ayyelov, a 
vessel]. The capillary blood-vessels. 

trichangeiectasis (trik-an-je-ek-ta'-sis) [trichangeia ; 
eKraais, extension]. Dilatation of the capillaries. 

trichatrophia (trik-at-ro'-fe-ah) [trich-; atrophy]. 
A brittle state of the hair from atrophy of the hair- 
bulbs. 



TRICHAUXIS 



904 



TRICHOPHAGY 



trichauxis (trik-awks'-is) [trich-; aG£ij«r«, increase]. 
Hypertrichiasis. 

trichesthesia, trichaesthesia (trik-es-the'-ze-ah) 
[trich-; aladrjau, sensibility], i. A peculiar form of 
tactile sensibility in regions covered with hairs. 2. See 
trichoesthesia.. 

trichiasis (trik-i'-as-is) [0pi'£, a hair]. A state of 
abnormal position of the eyelashes, so that they 
produce irritation by friction upon the globe, t. of 
the anus, an incurvation of the hairs about the anus* 
so that they irritate the mucous membrane. 

Trichina (trik-i'-nah) [0pi£, a hair]. A genus of 
nematode worms, of which one species, T. spiralis, is 
parasitic in the hog and at times in man. See 
trichinosis. 

Trichinella spiralis (trik-in-el'-ah spi-ra'-lis). Same 
as Trichina spiralis. 

trichiniasis {trik-in-i'-as-is). See trichinosis. 
trichiniferous (Jtrik-in-if'-er-us) [trich-; ferre, to 
bear]. _ Containing trichina?. 

trichinization (Jtrik-in-iz-a'-shun). Infestation with 
trichinae. 

trichinophobia (trik-i-no-fo'-be-ah) [trichina; <f>6f}os, 
fear]. Morbid fear of trichinosis. 

trichinoscope (trik-i'-no-skop). A microscope for 
the detection of Trichina spiralis. 

trichinosis (Jtrik-in-o'-sis) [trichina], A disease 
produced by the ingestion of pork containing Trichina 
spiralis. It is characterized by nausea, vertigo, 
fever, diarrhea, prostration, stiffness and painful 
swelling of the muscles, edema of the face, and in 
some cases perspiration, insomnia, and delirium. 

trichinotic (trik-in-ot'-ik) [trich-; voaos, disease]. 
Pertaining to or affected with trichinosis. 

trichinous {trik'-in-us) [trichina]. Infested with 
or containing trichina?. 

trichismus (trik-iz'-mus) [6p%, a hair]. 1. A 
scarcely perceptible fracture. 2. A capillary fissure 
or crack. 

trichitis (trik-i'-tis) [trich-; ins, inflammation]. 
Inflammation of the hair-bulbs. 

trichiurus (Jtrik-e-u' -rus) . The trichocephalus or 
threadworm. 

trichloracetic acid (tri-klor-as-e'-tik). See acid, 
trichloracetic. 

trichloraldehyde {tri-klor-aV -de-hid) . Chloral . 
trichlorhydrin (tri-klor-hi'-drin), C3H5CI3. A color- 
less oily liquid with odor of alcohol. 

trichloride (tri-klor'-id) [tri-; chloride], A com- 
pound containing chlorine in the proportion of three 
atoms to one of the base. 

trichlorme thane (tri-klor-meth'-an). Chloroform, 
trichloropropane (tri-klor-o-pro'-pan). Same as 
trichlorhydrin. 

trichloroquinone {tri-klo-ro-kwin'-on), C6HCI3O2. 
A crystalline substance obtained from a sulphuric- 
acid solution of phenol by action of potassium chlorate 
withHCl. 

trichlorphenol (Jtri-klor-fe'-nol) [tri-; xKupfc, green; 
phenol], CeHzChCOH). A derivative of phenol used 
as a disinfectant. 
tricho-. See trich-. 
trichoesthesia. See trichoesthesia. 
trichobacteria (trik-o-bak-te'-re-ah) [tricho-; bac- 
teria). 1, Flagellate bacteria. 2. Filamentous bacteria. 
trichobezoar (trik-o-be'-zo-ar) [tricho-; bezoar]. 
A hair ball or concretion in the stomach or intestine. 
See egagropilus. 

trichocardia (trik-o-kar'-de-ah) [tricho-; KapSia, 
heart]. Inflammation of the pericardium with 
pseudomembranous elevations. 

trichocephaliasis (trik-o-sef-al-i'-as-is) [trichoceph- 
alus]. The diseased condition produced by thread- 
worms. 

Trichocephalus (trik-o-sef'-al-us) [tricho-; k€<j>o\ti, 
head]. A genus of nematode worms, the thread- 
worms. T. dispar, a variety parasitic in the intestine, 
especially the large intestine. T. trichiuris. Same 
as T. dispar. 

trichocirsus (trik-o-sir'-sus) [tricho-; Kipabs, a 
varix]. Abnormal capillary dilatation. 

trichoclasis, trichoclasia (trik-ok' -las-is, trik-o-kla'- 
ze-ah). See trichorrhexis nodosa. 

trichocryptosis (Jtrik-o-trip-to'-sis) [trich-; Kpvirros, 
hidden]. Any disease of the hair-follicles. 

trichocyst (trik'-o-sisl) [trich-; kvo-tis, bladder]. 
In biology, a small vesicle containing a thread, which 
can be shot out rapidly, like the nematocyst of a 
ccelenterate, and found in the ectoplasm of the 
Infusoria and in some of the Flagellata. 



trichodangeia (trik-od->an'-je-ah) [tpix&Stjs, hair- 
like; byyeiov, vessel; pi. of trichodangeium]. A term 
synonymous with capillaries. 

trichodangeitis {trik-od-an-je-i'-tis) [tpix&8t)s, hair- 
like; &yy eiov, vessel; iris, inflammation]. Capillary 
inflammation. 

trichodarteria (trik-od-ar-te'-re-ah) [rpix^s, hair- 
like; &pT7)pla, an artery]. An arteriole. 

trichodarteriitis (trik-od-ar-ter-e-i'-tis) [tricho-; &prr}- 
pia, artery; ms, inflammation]. Inflammation of the 
arterioles. 

trichodophlebitis (Jtrik-od-o-fleb-i'-tis) [rpix^Srjs, 
hair-like; <j>\ty, p. vein; ins, inflammation]. Inflam- 
mation of the venules. 

trichoepithelioma (Jtrik-o-ep-e-the-le-o'-mah) [tricho-; 
epithelioma]. A skin-tumor originating in the hair- 
follicles. 

trichoesthesia, tricho aesthesia (trik-o-es-the'-ze-ah) 
[tricho- ; atadrjais, sensibility] . The sensation perceived 
when a hair is touched. 

trichoesthesiometer (trik-o-es-the-ze-om'-et-ur) 

[tricho-; atadrjais, sensibility; p.krpov, measure]. An 
electrical appliance for determining the sensibility of 
the hair. 

trichogen {trik'-o-jen) [tricho-; ytwav, to produce]. 
A substance that stimulates the growth of the hair. 

trichogenous (trik-oj'-en-us) [tricho-; yevvav, to 
produce]. Encouraging the growth of hair. 

trichoglossia (Jtrik-o-glos'-e-ah) [tricho-; yKUxnra, 
tongue]. Hairy tongue, a thickening of the papilla?, 
producing an appearance as if the tongue were 
covered with hair. 

trichohyaline (trik-o-hi'-al-in) [tricho-; hyaline]. 
The hyaline of the hair; it is like keratohyaline. 

trichoid (Jtrik'-oid) [tricho-; el8os, like]. Resembling 
hair. 

tricholabis, tricholabium (Jtrik-ol'-ab-is, trik-o-W- 
be-um) [tricho-; Xa^rj, a handle]. Tweezers for 
pulling out hairs. 

tricholith (Jtrik'-o-lith) [tricho-; \lffos, a stone]. 
A hairy concretion. 

trichologia (Jtrik-o-lo'-je-ah) [tricho-; \kyuv, to pick 
out]. 1. Carphologia; floccitation. 2. The plucking 
out of one's hair. 

trichology (trik-ol'-o-je) [tricho-; X670S, science], 
1. The science of the hair and its diseases. 2. Tri- 
chologia. 

trichoma (trik-o'-mah) [rpix^fia, a growth of hair]. 
1. Trichoma tosis. 2. Trichiasis. 

trichomania. See trichotillomania. 

trichomaphyte (trik-o'-maf-it) [rplx^iio-, a growth 
of hair; <pvr6v, a plant]. A cryptogamic growth 
which was formerly thought to be the cause of 
trichomatosis. 

trichomatose (trik-o'-mat-os) [rplx^^a., a growth 
of hair]. Matted together. 

trichomatosis (trik-o-mat-o'-sis) [see trichomatose]. 
An affection of the hair characterized by a matted 
condition due to fungoid growths. See plica polonica. 

Trichomonas (trik-om'-o-nas) [tricho-; iiov&f, a 
monad], A genus of infusorians. T. intestinalis, is 
found in the feces in some cases of diarrhea, enteritis, 
and typhoid. T. vaginalis, a species occasionally 
found in the vagina. 

trichomyces (Jtrik-om'-is-ez) [tricho-; ubictis, a mush- 
room]. Synonym of trichophyton. 

trichomycosis (trik-o-mi-ko'-sis) [tricho-; mycosis], 
A disease of the hair produced by a vegetable para- 
site, t. barbae. Synonym of sycosis parasitaria. 
t. capillitii. Synonym of t. circinata. t. circinata, 
ringworm of the scalp, produced by the Trichophyton 
tonsurans, t. favosa. See favus. t. nodosa, a 
peculiar condition, generally nodose in character, 
affecting the hairs of the axilla and scrotum, and 
due to the growth and encapsulation in the cortical 
layers of the shaft of a small rod-shaped bacterium, 
t., palmellina, a disease affecting the hairy parts of 
the trunk; t. nodosa, t. pustulosa, a pustular, para- 
sitic disease affecting hairy regions. 

trichonosis, trichonosus (trik-on'-o-sis, trik-on'- 
o-sus) [tricho-; voaos, disease]. Any disease of the 
hair. t. cana. See canities, t. discolor. See 
canities, t. furfuracea. Synonym of tinea tonsurans. 
t. versicolor. See ringed hair. 

trichopathic (Jtri-ko-path'-ik) [tricho-; iraBos, dis- 
ease]. Relating to disease of the hair. 

trichopathy (trik-op'-ath-e) [tricho-; iraBos, disease]. 
Any disease of the hair. 

trichophagy, trichophagia {trik-of-aj-e, trik-o-fa - 
je-ah). The eating of hair. 



TRICHOPHOBIA 



905 



TRIGONE 



trichophobia (trik-o-fo'-be-ah) [tricho-; 06/Sos, fear]. 
Morbid fear of hair. 

trichophytic (trik-of-it'-ik). i. Relating to the* 
genus Trichophyton. 2. [<t>veiv, to grow.] Promoting 
the growth of hair. 3. An agent promoting the 
growth of hair. 

trichophytinous (trik-off-it-i'-nus) [tricho-; <pvr6v, 
a plant]. Pertaining to the presence of Trichophyton 
tonsurans. 

Trichophyton (tri-kof'-it-on) [tricho-; <j>vt6i>, a plant]. 
A fungus parasitic upon the hair, and causing tinea 
trichophytina, or ring-worm. T. tonsurans, the cause 
of tinea tonsurans. 

trichophytosis (tri-koff-it-o'-sis) [tricho-; <}>vt6v, 
a plant]. A contagious disease of the skin and 
hair, occurring most often in children, due to the 
invasion of the epidermis by the trichophy ton-fungus, 
and characterized by the formation of circular or 
annular, scaly patches and partial loss of hair. See 
tinea, t. barbae. Synonym of dermatomycosis macu- 
lo-vesiculosa. t. cruris. Synonym of marginal 
eczema. 

trichopoliosis (trik-o-pol-e-o'-sis) [tricho- ; wo\iova9ai, 
to become gray]. Synonym of canities. 

trichoptilosis (trik-op-lil-o'-sis). Synonym of 
trichorrhexis nodosa. 

trichorrhea trichorrhoea (trik-or-e'-ah) [tricho- ; poia, 
a flow]. Rapid loss of the hair. 

trichorrhexis (trik-or-eks'-is) [tricho-; pt?£is, a 
breaking]. Brittleness of the hair. t. nodosa, an 
atrophic condition of the hair, affecting more often 
the male beard, and characterized by irregular 
thickenings resembling nodes on the hair-shaft, the 
hairs often breaking with a "green-stick fracture" 
immediately through a node. 

trichoschisis (trik-os'-kis-is) [tricho-; <rx&r«, a 
splitting]. The splitting of the hair. 

trichoscopy (trik-os'-ko-pe) [tricho-; cicoireiv, to 
examine]. The examination of the hair. 

trichosis (Jtrik-o'-sis) [6pl£, hair; voaos, disease]. 
Any morbid affection of the hair. t. athrix. Syno- 
nym of alopecia. # t. decolor, morbid discoloration 
of the hair. t. distrix. Synonym of trichoptilosis. 
t. hirsuties. Same as hirsuties. t. plica. See plica 
polonica and trichomatosis. t. poliosis. See canities. 
t. sensitiva, a sensitive state of the scalp; any 
manipulation causing pain. t. setosa, a disease in 
which the hair grows thick, rigid, and bristly. 

trichostereticus (trik-o-ster-et'-ik-us) [tricho-; <rrepr]- 
twcos, depriving]. Causing loss of hair. 

trichosyphilis (trik-o-sif'-il-is) [tricho-; syphilis]. 
Any syphilitic disease, or affection of the hair. 

trichosyphilosis (Jtrik-o-sif-il-o'-sis). Synonym of 
trichosyphilis. 

Trichothecium (trik-o-the'-se-um) [tricho-; 017(07, 
a chest]. A vegetable parasite of the hair. T. 
roseum, a fungous growth found in the ear. 

trichotillomania (trik-o-til-o-ma'-ne-ah) [tricho- ; 
riKXeiv, to pluck out; pavla, madness]. An un- 
controllable impulse to pull out one's hair. 

trichotomy {tri-kof -o-me) [rpixo., in three; Top.ii, a 
cutting off]. Division into three parts. 

trichotoxicon (trik-o-toks'-i-kon) [tricho-; to£ik6v, 
a poison]. A supposed toxin, existing in respired 
air, which, when introduced into the blood, exerts a 
poisonous action upon the hair, thus causing alopecia. 

trichotoxin (trik-o-toks'-in). A cytotoxin obtained 
by E. Metchnikoff from the ciliated epithelia. 

trichroic (tri-kro'-ik) [trichroism]. Possessing 
trichroism. 

trichroism (tri'-kro-izm) [tri-; yjpba, color]. The 
property of exhibiting three different colors when 
viewed under three different aspects. 

trichromat (tri-kro'-mat) [rpels, three; xpvpa, 
color]. Persons for whom the end regions of the 
spectrum are of constant hue and differ only in 
intensity. Just inside of each end region there is 
an intermediate region in which any color can be 
produced by mixtures of the end color with the color 
of the intermediate region. Between these inter- 
mediate regions lies the middle region, which requires 
the presence of some third color in addition to colors 
from the end regions. Cf. dichromat; monochromat. 

trichromatic (tri-kro-mat'-ik) [rpeis, three; xp«Ma, 
color]. Having three colors. 

Tnchuris (tri-ku'-ris) [trich-; olpa, tail]. A genus 
of trematodes. T. trichiura, the Trichocephalus 
dispar, q. v. 

bicipital (tri-sip'-it-al) [triceps, three-headed]. 
1. Three-headed. 2. Pertaining to the triceps. 



tricorn (tri'-korn) [tri-; cornu, horn]. A lateral 
ventricle of the brain. 

tricornis (tri-kor'-nis) [tri-; cornu, horn]. Having 
three horns or processes or prominences; a name 
applied to each of the lateral ventricles of the brain. 

tricornute (tri-kor'-nut) [tres, three; cornutus, 
horned]. In biology, having three horn-like appen- 
dages. 

tricresol, trikresol (tri-kre'-sol). A refined mixture 
of metacresol, 40 %; paracresol, 33%; orthocresol, 
27 %; soluble in 40 parts of water. It has three 
times the germicidal value of phenol. 

trier esolamine {tri-kres-ol-am'-in). A solution 
containing 2 % each of ethylenediamine and tricresol; 
it is a clear, colorless, alkaline liquid turning yellow 
on exposure. It is stronger and less irritating than 
tricresol. 

tricrotic (tri-krot'-ik) [tri-; «p6ros, stroke]. Having 
three waves corresponding to one pulse-beat; ex- 
hibiting tricrotism. 

tricrotism (tri'-krot-izm) [see tricrotic]. The quality 
of being tricrotic. 

tricrotous (tri'-kro-tus) [rpels, three; kpotos, stroke]. 
Same as tricrotic. 

tricuspid (tri-kus'-pid) [tri-; cuspis, a point]. 
1. Having three cusps, as the tricuspid valve. 2. 
Affecting or produced at the tricuspid valve. 

tridactyl (tri-dak'-til) [rpels, three; 8clktv\os, finger]. 
Having three digits. 

tridymus (trid'-im-us) [rpidvpios]. Synonym of 
triplet. 

trielcon (tri-el'-kon) [tri-; e\Ketv, to draw]. A 
three-pronged instrument for extracting bullets or 
other foreign bodies from the body. 

triencephalus {tri-en-sef -al-us) [rpels, three; eyKe<f>- 
oXos, brain]. A fetal monster without smell, hear- 
ing, or sight. 

triethylamine (tri-eth-il-am'-in) [tri-; ethyl; amine], 
CeHisN. A ptomaine obtained from putrid haddock. 

trifacial nerve (tri-fa'-shal) [tri-; fades, face]. 
The fifth cranial nerve, so-called because it divides 
into three main branches that supply the face. 

triferrin (tri-fer'-in). See iron paranucleinate. 

trifid {tri' -fid) [tres, three; finder e, to cleave]. 
Threecleft. 

trifiagellate (tri-flaj'-el-at) [tres, three; flagellum, 
a whip]. Having three flagella; trimastigate. 

trifolium (tri-fo'-le-um) [tri- ; folium, leaf]. Clover, 
t. pratense (common red clover) is vaunted in the 
treatment of whooping-cough .syphilis, and carcinoma. 

triiormal (tri-form'-al). See formalin. 

triformol (tri-for'-mol). Same as paraform. 

trigastric (tri-gas'-trik) [rpels, three; ypo-rvp, belly]. 
Having three fleshy bellies (as certain muscles). 

trigemin (tri-jem'-in). A substance obtained from 
pyramidon by action of butyl-chloral hydrate, 
forming white needles soluble in water; antineuralgic. 
Dose 8-20 gr. (0.5-1.3 Gm.). 

trigeminal (tri-jem'-in-al) [tri-; geminus, twin- 
born]. 1. Triple; dividing into three parts, as the 
trigeminal nerve. 2. Pertaining to the trigeminal 
nerve. See trifacial. 

trigeminus {tri-jem'-in-us) [see trigeminal]. The 
trifacial nerve. 

trigger (trig'-er). A device by means of which a 
catch or spring is released, t.-area, a sensitive region 
of the body, irritation of which may give rise to 
certain peculiar phenomena, either physiological or 
pathological, in some part of the body, t.-finger, 
a condition in which flexion or extension of a finger 
is at first obstructed, but finally accomplished with a 
jerk or sweep, t. knee, a condition characterized 
by a sudden arrest of the movement of the knee 
during flexion or extension; this arrest is followed 
by a sudden jerking and lateral movement of the 
leg and the production of a clicking sound. It is 
apparently due to laxity of the joint capsule, t.-ma- 
terial, an apheter; any theoretical catastatic sub- 
stance whose sudden breaking up communicates an 
explosive decomposition to the protoplasm directly 
concerned in any function. The trigger-material 
itself must be acted upon by another trigger-ma- 
terial; and thus every nerve-impulse and every 
functional act must be accompanied by the destruc- 
tion of a fuse-like train of protoplasm. See apheter. 

trigocephalus (tri-go-sef' -al-us). See trigonoceph- 
aly. 

trigonal (trig'-o-nal) [rpels, three; yuvla, angle]. 
Same as trigonous. 

trigone (tri'-gon) [tri-; ymvia, angle]. Triangle. 



TRIGONELLA 



906 



TRIOTUS 



See trigonum. t. of the bladder, a smooth triangular 
space on the inside of the bladder, immediately 
behind the orifice of the urethra, t., olfactory, the 
gray root of origin of the olfactory tract. 

Trigonella (tri-go-nel'-ah) [rpiywvos, three-cornered]. 
A genus of Leguminosa. T. elatior, a variety r the 
seeds of which have been used in affections of the 
bladder and as poultices. T. foenum graecum, a 
variety used in plasters and salves and in veterinary 
medicine. T. monspeliaca, a variety a decoction of 
the seeds of which is used by the Italians in various 
forms of diarrhea. 

trigonitis (tri-go-ni'-tis) [trigonum; ins, inflamma- 
tion]. Inflammation of the trigonum vesica?. 

trigonocephalic (trig-o-no-sef -al' -ik) [rplyuvos, three 
cornered; Ke<j>a\i), head]. Pertaining to trigono- 
cephaly. 

trigonocephalus (trig-o-no-sef ' -al-us) [rpiyovos, three 
cornered; Ke<f>a\ri, head]. A triangular shaped skull 
with the small end anterior, due to a premature 
union of the coronal suture. 

trigonocephaly (trig-o-no-sef -al-e) [rplyuvos, three 
cornered; ice<pa\r), head]. A deformity of the skull 
produced by a premature union of the medio-frontal 
or metopic suture. See trigonocephalus. 

trigonum (Jtri-go'-num) [rpiyuvos, three cornered]. 
A triangle; also the interpeduncular space; and see 
trigone, t. acustici, a three-cornered space on the 
dorsal surface of the medulla, t. cerebrale. Syno- 
nym of fornix cerebri, t. cervicale, the base of the 
dorsal gray cornu of the spinal cord. t. clavipectorale, 
a triangle of the chest. Its boundaries are the 
clavicle, the pectoralis minor muscle, and the thorax. 
t. collaterals a triangular area at the junction of the 
posterior and inferior horns of the lateral ventricles, 
t. colli medianum, relating to the space occupied by 
the two anterior triangles of the neck. t. coraco- 
acromiale, a triangular space whose boundaries are 
the coracoid process, the apex of the acromion, and 
the concave border of the clavicle, t. deltoid- 
eopectorale, the infraclavicular fossa, t. dorsale, 
the space between the anterior pair of the corpora 
quadrigemina. t. femorale, Scarpa's triangle, t. 
fluctuans, the posterior cerebral commissure, t. 
habenulae, the triangular space behind the upper 
surface of the optic thalamus, in front of the lamina 
quadrigemina, and between the sulcus habenulae 
and the sulcus subpinealis. t. hypoglossi, a tri- 
angular space on the dorsal surface of the oblongata. 
Its boundaries are, above, the striae medullares 
acusticae, internally, the posterior longitudinal fissure, 
and, externally, the ala cinerea. t. inferius com- 
missurae posterioris, the lower triangular half of the 
posterior commissure of the brain, t. lemnisci, the 
fillet, t. lumbale. See Petit' s triangle, t. olfac- 
torium. See Broca's olfactory area. t. pensile, the 
posterior cerebral commissure, t. vagi, a small, 
triangular space on the medulla oblongata, marking 
the origin of the vagus nerve, t. ventriculi lateralis, 
a triangular projection located between the entrances 
to the posterior and descending horns of the lateral 
ventricle, t. vesicae, the triangular surface of the 
bladder immediately behind the urethral orifice. 

trihydrate (tri-hi'-drat) [tri- ; hydrate]. A compound 
containing the hydroxyl-radical in the proportion 
of three to one atom of the base. 

trihydric (tri-hi'-drik) [tri-; hydric]. Containing 
three atoms of hydrogen replaceable by bases. 

trihydroxide (tri-hi-droks'-id). See trihydrate. 

triiniodymus (tri-in-e-od' -im-us) [rpels, three; 
iviov, the nape of the neck; 8i8vp.os, double]. A 
monster having three heads united posteriorly and 
attached to a single body. 

triiodide (tri-i'-o-did) [tri-; iodide]. A compound 
containing iodine in the proportion of three atoms 
to one of the base. 

triiodocresol (tri-i-o-do-kre' -sol) . See losophan. 

triiodomethane (tri-i-o-do-meth'-an). Iodoform. 

triketohydrindenhydrate (tri-ke-to-hi-drin-den-hi'- 
drat). Same as ninhydrin, q. v. 

trikresol (tri-kre'-sol). See tricresol. 

trilabe (tri' -lab) [tri-; \ap.fiaveiv, to grasp]. A 
three-pronged instrument for withdrawing small 
calculi or other foreign bodies from the bladder, 
through the urethral passage. 

trilaminar (tri-lam' -in-ar) [tri-; lamina, plate]. 
In biology, three-layered. 

trilateral (tri-laf -er-al) [tri-; lalus, a side]. Having 
three sides. 



trilaurin (tri-law' -rin) . A crystalline glyceride 
found in cocoanut oil and some other oils. 

trilinolein (tri-lin-o'-le-in). A glyceride contained 
in linseed oil, hempseed oil, sunflower oil, etc. 

trilliin (tril'-e-in) [trillium]. A precipitate from a 
tincture of the root of Trillium pendulum, styptic, 
tonic, expectorant, antiseptic, and emmenagogue. 
Dose, 2 to 4 grains. See beth-root. 

trillin (iril'-in). An alcoholic extract of Trillium 
erectum; it is astringent, tonic and expectorant. 

trilobate (tri-lo'-bat, or tri'-lo-bat) [tri-; lobatus, 
lobed]. In biology, three-lobed. 

trilobed (tri'-lobd). Same as trilobate. 

trilocular (tri-lok'-u-lar) [tres, three; loculus, cell]. 
In biology, having three chambers or cells. 

trimanual [tri-; manus, a hand]. Pertaining to a 
maneuver accomplished by the aid of three hands. 

trimastigate (tri-mas' -tig-at) [rpels, three; pdo-Ti£, 
whip, scourge]. In biology, having three flagella; 
triflagellate. 

trimercuric (tri-mer-ku'-rik) [tres, three; mercury]. 
Containing three atoms of bivalent mercury. 

trimester (tri-mes'-ter) [trimestris, of three months]. 
A stage or period of three months. 

trimethyl (tri-meth'-il) [tres, three; methyl]. The 
chemical group (CH3)3. 

trimethylamine (tri-meth-il-am'in) [tri-; methyl; 
amine]. (CH3)3N. A colorless liquid ptomaine ob- 
tained from herring-brine and various animal and 
vegetable substances. 

trimethylenediamine (tri-meth-il- en-di-am'-in) 

[tri-; methylene; diamine]. A ptomaine obtained 
from cultures of the comma bacillus on beef-broth. 
It causes convulsions and muscle- tremor. 

trimethylxanthine (tri-meth-il-zan'-tkin). See caf- 
feine. 

trimorphic (tri-mor'-fik). Same as trimorphous. 

trimorphism (tri-mor'-fizm) [rpels, three; nop<f>ri, 
form], i. In biology, a term used to indicate the 
fact that hermaphrodite flowers of three different 
kinds, short-styled, mid-styled, and long-styled, 
are produced on the same species of plant. 2. Exist- 
ing under three distinct forms, as certain insects. 
. trimorphous (tri-morf'-us) [rpels, three; y-op<pr\, 
form]. Pertaining to trimorphism. 

trineuric (tri-nu'-rik) [tri-; vevpov, nerve]. Applied 
to a nerve-cell provided with three neuraxons. 

trinitrate (tri-ni'-trat) [tri-; nitrate]. A nitrate 
containing three nitric-acid radicals. 

trinitrin (tri-ni'-trin). See nitroglycerin. 

trinitrocellulose (tri-ni-tro-seV -u-los) . See pyroxy- 
lin. 

trinitrocresol (tri-ni-tro-kre'-sol), C7H5N3O7. Anti- 
septic crystals, obtained from nitration of coal-tar 
cresol; antiseptic. 

trinitroglycerin (tri-ni-tro-glis'-er-in). Nitroglyc- 
erin. 

trinitrol (tri-ni'-trol). Erythrol nitrate, similar to 
nitroglycerin. 

trinitrophenol (tri-ni-tro-fe'-nol). Picric acid. 

trinophenon (tri-no-fe' -non) . A remedy for burns 
said to be an aqueous solution of picric acid. 

triocephalus (tri-o-sef -al-us) [tri-; Ke<pa\i), head]. 
A monster characterized by an absence of the ocular, 
nasal, and buccal apparatus, the head being merely a 
small spheroidal mass. 

triolein (tri-o'-le-in). See olein. 

trional (tri'-on-al), C2H5CH3-C -(S0 2 C 2 H 5 )2. Sul- 
phonethyl-methane, a hypnotic. Dose 15 gr. (1 Gm.). 

trionym (tri'-o-nim) [tri-; ovop.a, name]. A name, 
consisting of three terms. 

triophthalmos (tri-off-thaV -mos) [tri-; 6<t>9aKp.6s, 
eye]. A diprosopic monster with three eyes and 
other deformities of the face and head. 

triopodymus (tri-op-od' -im-us) [tri-; &\j/, the face; 
Si'Sujuos, double]. A monster with three faces and 
but a single head. 

triorchid (tri-or'-kid) [tri-; opx<-s, a testicle]. 1. 
Having three testicles. 2. An individual having 
three testicles. 

triorchis (tri-or'-kis) [tri-; 6px«. testicle]. An 
individual that has three testicles. 

triose (tri'-os). A monosaccharid containing three 
carbon atoms in the molecule. 

triotonol (tri-o-to'-nol). Trade name of a mixture 
containing the glycerophosphates of sodium, calcium 
and strychnine. 

triotus (tri-o'-tus) [tri-; ovs, ear]. A diprosopic 
monster with three ears, and generally with four 
eyes. 



TRIOXIDE 



907 



TRITOXIDE 



trioxide (Iri-oks'-id) [tri-; oxide]. A compound 
containing oxygen in the proportion of three atoms 
to one of the base. ■ 

tripalmitin (tri-pal'-mit-in). See palmilin. 

tripara (trip'-ar-ah) [tri-; parere, to bear]. A 
woman who has borne three children. 

tripes (tri'-pez) [L.]. i. Three-footed. 2. A mon- 
ster having three feet. 

tripharmacon, tripharmacum (tri-far'-mak-on, tri- 
far'-mak-um) [tri-; <t>app.anov, a drug]. A medicine 
made up of three ingredients. 

triphasic (tri-fa'-sik). Having three phases or 
variations. 

triphenamine (tri-fen'-am-in). A mixture of 
phenocoll, phenocoll salicylate, and phenocoll acetate; 
recommended in rheumatic complaints. 

triphenetolguanidin hydrochloride (tri-fen-et-ol- 
gwan'-id-in) . A local anesthetic used in 0. 1 % solution 
in treatment of eyes. 

triphenin (tri-fen'-in). Propionyl-phenetidin, CeHU- 
OC2H5NHC2H5CO, obtained by boiling paraphen- 
etidin with propionic acid. It is used as an anti- 
pyretic and sedative. Daily dose 46 gr. (3 Gm.); 
single dose 8-15 gr. (0.5-1.0 Gm.). Syn., melhyl- 
phenacetin. 

triphenyl albumin (tri-fen'-il). A culture-medium 
made by heating dry egg-albumen with phenol. 
It is odorless, tasteless, insoluble in water, alcohol, 
and potassa solution, but soluble in phenol. 

triphenylstibine sulphide (tri-fen-il-stib'-in). A 
preparation used as a substitute for sulphur in skin 
diseases. It releases sulphur in nascent condition. 

triphthemia, triphthaemia (trif-the'-me-ah) [tpltttos, 
rubbed, pounded ; alp,a, blood]. The retention of waste 
material in the blood, t. carbonifera, that due to 
excessive ingestion of carbohydrates. 

Tripier's amputation (trip-e-a') [Leon Tripier, 
French surgeon, 1842-1891]. One differing from 
Chopart's only in that the portion of the os calcis 
below the sustentaculum tali is removed. 

triple (trip' -I) [L., triplex]. Threefold, t. phos- 
phate, ammoniomagnesium phosphate, a phosphate 
occurring in urine and in phosphatic calculi. 

triplegia (tri-ple'-je-ah) [tri-; irkyvh, stroke]. 
Hemiplegia with the additional paralysis of one 
limb on the opposite side. 

triplet {trip' -let) [triple]. 1. One of three children 
born at one birth. 2. In optics, a system consisting 
of three lenses. 

triplex (trip'-leks) [L.]. Triple, t. pills, pilulx 
triplices, pills containing three principal ingredients; 
pills of aloes, podophyllin and blue mass. 

triploblastic (trip-lo-blas'-tik) [triple; ffkaarbs, a 
germ]. Possessing three blastodermic membranes. 

triplokoria (trip-lo-ko'-re-ah) [rpt7r\6oj, threefold; 
Kopri, pupil]. An iris having three pupils. 

triplopia (trip-W -pe-ah) [triple; ty, eye]. A 
disturbance of vision in which three images of a 
single object are seen. 

tripod (tri'-pod) [rpLirovs, three-footed]. An object 
having three legs or supports, t., anatomical, the 
three piers on which the foot rests when a person 
stands erect; these piers are (1) the heel, (2) the three 
inner metatarsal bones, and (3) the two outer meta- 
tarsals, t., Haller's, the celiac axis, t., vital, the 
brain, heart, and lungs, viewed as the triple support 
of life. 

tripper-faden (trep'-er-fah'-den). [Germ.]. Gonor- 
rheal threads. Thread-like structures seen in the 
urine in gonorrhea, t.-kokken, gonococci. 

triprosopus (triprro-so'-pus) [tri-; irpbvunrov, face]. 
A form of fetal monstrosity in which there is a fusion 
of three faces in one. 

tripsis (trip' -sis) [rpl^eiv, to rub]. 1. Same as 
trituration. 2. Massage. 

triptokoria (lript-o-ko'-re-ah) [tri-; -nlvrtiv, to fall; 
Kopr], the pupil]. A condition of the iris in which 
there are three distinct pupils. 

tripus (tri'-pus) [tri-; irovs, foot]. Same as tripod. 
t. coeliacus, the three branches of the celiac artery. 

triquetrous (tri-kwel'-rus) [triquelrum]. Three- 
cornered, as the triquetrous bone (os triquelrum), 
a Wormian bone. See triquelrum. 

triquetrum (tri-kivet' -rum) [triquelrus, three-cor- 
nered]. 1. Any one of the Wormian bones. 2. The 
cuneiform bone of the carpus. 

triradial, triradiate (tri-ra'-de-al, tri-ra'-de-dt) [see 
iriradius]. Radiating in three directions, t. pelvis, 
one in which the promontory is pushed forward and 
the acetabula pressed inward. 



triradius (tri-ra'-de-us) [tres, three; radius, ray; 
pi., triradii]. In the impression of the palmar surface 
in the Galton system a triangluar area composed of 
transverse ridges at the base of each of the four 
fingers; used in the classification of palmar im- 
pressions. 

trisaccharid (tri-sak'-ar-id) [tri-; saccharum]. A 
carbohydrate which under the influence of a dilute 
acid yields three other sugar molecules and takes up 
two molecules of water. 

trismic (triz'-mik). Relating to trismus. 

trismoid (triz' -moid) [trismus]. A form of trismus 
neonatorum thought to be due to pressure on the 
occipital bone during labor. 

trismus (triz'-mus) [rpiapLos, from rpi^eiv, to gnash]. 
Lockjaw, a tonic spasm of the muscles of mastication. 
t. capistratus, a condition in which the jaws cannot 
be separated because of adhesions between the cheeks 
and the gums, following ulceration of the parts, 
t. catarrhalis maxillaris, neuralgia of the jaw. t. of 
cerebral origin, persistent spasm of the muscles of 
the lower jaw, due to cerebral disease, t. cynicus, 
risus sardonicus. t. dolorificus, tic douloureux, 
t. maxillaris. See t. catarrhalis maxillaris. t. nascen- 
tium, t. neonatorum, a form of trismus occurring in 
newborn infants, and supposed to be due to septic 
infection of the umbilical stump, t. sardonicus. 
See t. cynicus. t., traumatic, trismus following a 
wound or injury, t. uteri, trismus occurring during 
and as a result of the puerperium. 

trisplanchnic (tri-splangk'-nik) [tri-; anXayxvov, 
viscus]. Distributed to the viscera of the three 
largest cavities of the body, as the trisplanchnic 
nerve (the sympathetic nerve). 

tristearin (tri-ste'-ar-in) [tri-; <rreap, fat], C3H5- 
(CisH3502)3. See stearin. 

tristichiasis (tris-tik-i'-as-is) [rpiartxia, a triple 
row]. A form of congenital distichiasis in which 
there are three rows of cilia. 

tristimania (tris-tim-a' -ne-ah) [tristis, sad; navla, 
frenzy]. Melancholia. 

tristis (tris'-tis) [L.]. Sad; gloomy; having a dull 
color. 

trisubstituted (tri-sub'-sti-tu-ted) [tri-; substituere, 
to substitute]. Having three atoms or radicals 
substituted by other atoms or radicals. 

trisulphide (tri-sul'-fid) [tri-; sulphur]. A com- 
pound containing sulphur in the proportion of three 
atoms to one of the base. 

tritanopia (trit-an-o'-pe-ah) [tri-; anopsia]. A 
defect in a third constituent essential for color vision, 
as in violet-blindness. 

triticeoglossus (trit-is-e-o-glos'-us) [trilicum; -yXd><r- 
aa, tongue]. An anomalous muscle having its 
origin from the arytenoid cartilage and its insertion 
in the side of the tongue. 

triticeous (trit-ish'-us) [triticum]. Having the 
shape of a grain of wheat, t. cartilage, t. nodule, 
corpus triticeum, a small cartilaginous nodule in 
the thyrohyoid ligament. 

triticeum (trit-is'-e-um) [triticum, wheat]. The 
triticeous nodule. 

triticin (trit'-is-in) [triticum, wheat]. 1. A gum- 
like substance found in Triticum repens. 2. A pro- 
prietary food preparation. 

triticum (trit'-ik-um) [L.]. A genus of the Grami- 
nece. T. sativum (T. vulgar e) is wheat. Triticum 
is official in the U. S. P. in the form of the rhizome of 
Agropyron repens, and is used in cystitis and irritable 
bladder, t., fluidextract of (fluidextr -actum tritici, 
U. S. P.). Dose 3-6 dr. (12-24 Cc). t., repens, 
triticum. 

tritipalm '(trit'-e-pahm). A proprietary genito- 
urinary tonic said to consist of the fluidextract of 
saw palmetto, Serenoa serrulata, and couch-grass, 
Agropyron repens. 

tritol (tri'-tol). Any emulsion of oil, 4 parts, and 
diastasic extract of malt, 1 part. 

tritopine (trit'-o-pin), C42H54N2O-. An alkaloid 
from opium. 

tritorium, triturium (tri-lo'-re-um, tri-tu'-re-um) 
[tritus, a rubbing]. A vessel used in separating 
liquids of different density. 

tritotoxin (tri-to-toks'-in) [rptVoj, third; to£ik6v, 
poison]. One of the third group into which Ehrlich 
classifies toxins, according to the avidity with which 
they combine with antitoxins, tritotoxin combining 
least readily. 

tritoxide (tri-toks'-ld) [rpiros, third; 6£6y, acid]. 
Same as trioxide. 



TRITUBERCULAR 



908 



TROPHOEDEMA 



tritubercular (tri-tu-bur'-ku-lar) [tri-; tuberculum, 
tubercle]. Having three tubercles or cusps; tri- 
cuspid. 

triturable (Jtrit'-u-rabl). Capable of being pow- 
dered. 

triturate (trit'-il-rat) [triturare, from terere, to rub]. 
i. To reduce to a fine powder. 2. A finely divided 
powder. In the U. S. P. a medicinal substance 
rubbed up with milk-sugar, t., tablet-, a triturate 
compressed into tablet form. 

trituration (tril-u-ra'-shun) [triturate]. The process 
of reducing a solid substance to a powder by rubbing. 

triturium {trit-u' -re-urn). See tritorium. 

trivalence (JLri'-va-lens, or triv'-al-ens) [tri-; valere, 
to be worth]. The quality of being trivalent. 

trivalent (tri'-va-lent, or triv'-al-ent) [tri-; valere, to 
be worth]. Combining with or equivalent to three 
atoms of hydrogen. 

trivalve (tri'-valv) [tri-; valva, door]. Having 
three valves or blades (as a speculum). 

trivalvular (tri-val'-vil-lar) [tri-; valvula, a small 
valve]. Having three valves. 

trizonal (iri-zo'-nal) [tri-; zona, a belt or girdle]. 
Possessing, or arranged in, three layers or zones. 

trocar (tro'-kar) [Fr., trois-quarts, from its tri- 
angular point]. An instrument used in paracentesis, 
or tapping a cavity, as in hydrocele. It consists of a 
perforator and a metallic tube, t., lancet, a trocar 
having a lancet-shaped perforator, t., piloting, 
Durham's trocar, used for introducing the articulated 
tracheotomy-tube, t., rectal, a curved trocar used 
in tapping the bladder through the rectum. 

troch. Abbreviation of trochischus, troche. 

trochanter (tro-kan'-ter) [rpoxo-vrijp, from rpoxos, 
a wheel or pulley]. One of two processes on the 
upper extremity of the femur below the neck. The 
greater trochanter is situated on the outer, and the 
lesser trochanter on the inner, side of the bone, t., 
major, the greater trochanter, t. minor, the lesser 
trochanter, t. tertius, an anomalous process at the 
upper portion of the popliteal space of the femur. 
t., third. Same as t. tertius. 

trochanteric (tro-kan-ter'-ik) [trochanter]. Pertain- 
ing to a trochanter. 

trochantin {tro-kan'-tin) [trochanter]. The lesser 
trochanter. 

trochantinian (tro-kan-tin'-e-an) [rpoxavrrjp, tro- 
chanter]. Pertaining to the trochantin. 

troche (tro'-ke) [rpoxos, a wheel]. A lozenge. 

trochin, trochinus (tro'-kin, tro-ki'-nus) [rpoxos, 
a wheel]. The lesser tuberosity of the head of the 
humerus. 

trochinian (tro-kin'-e-an) [rpoxos, wheel]. Per- 
taining to the trochin. 

trochischi (tro-kis'-ki) [L.]. Plural of trochischus. 

trochiscus (tro-kis'-kus). See troche. 

trochiter (trok'-it-er) [rpoxos, a wheel]. The greater 
tuberosity of the proximal end of the humerus. 

trochiterian (trok-it-e'-re-an) [rpoxos, a wheel]. 
Pertaining to the trochiter. 

trochlea (trok'-le-ah) [L. a pulley]. A part or 
process having the nature of a pulley, t. of the 
astragalus, the surface of the astragalus articulating 
with the tibia, t. of the femur, the intercondyloid 
fossa of the femur, t. of the humerus, an articulation 
at the extremity of the humerus, over which a band 
of cartilage passes, t. labyrinthi. See cochlea. 
t. of the obliquus oculi superior, t. of the orbit, the 
ligamentous ring or pulley, attached to the upper 
margin of the orbit, which transmits the tendon of 
the superior oblique muscle of the eye. t. tali. See 
t. of the astragalus. 

trochlear (trok'-le-ar) [see trochlea]. 1. Pertaining 
to or of the nature of a pulley. 2. Pertaining to the 
trochlear muscle. 3. Pertaining to the trochlear 
nerve. 

trochlearis {trdk-le-a'-ris) [see trochlea]. Pulley- 
shaped, as the trochlearis muscle or simply trochlearis, 
the superior oblique muscle of the eye. 

trochocardia (trok-o-kar'-de-ah) [rpoxos, wheel; 
KapSia, heart]. A rotary displacement of the heart 
on its long axis. 

trochocephalus (trok-o-sef-al-us) [rpoxos, wheel; 
Ke<t>a\ri, head]. A rounded appearance of the head, 
due to partial synostosis of the frontal and parietal 
bones. 

trochoginglymus (trok-o-ging'-lim-us) [rpoxos, 
wheel; yiyy\vp.os, ginglymus]. A combination of a 
hinge-joint and a pivot-joint, as in the humero- 
radial articulation. 



trochoid (tro'-koid) [rpoxos, wheel]. Serving as a 
pulley or pivot; involving a pivotal action. 

trochoides (tro-ko'-id-ez) [rpoxos, a wheel]. A 
pivot-joint or pulley-joint, such as the atloaxoid joint. 

(von) Troeltsch's _ corpuscles (jtreltsh) [Anton 
Friedrich yon Troeltsch, German otologist, 1829- 
1890]. Spindle-shaped connective-tissue corpuscles, 
stellate on transverse section, found between the 
middle fibrous and inner circular layers of the mem- 
brana tympani. v. T.'s spaces, two small pockets 
formed in the upper part of the attic of the middle 
ear by folds of mucous membrane. 

Troisier's ganglion, T.'s sign \tro-ah' -ze-a) [Emile 
Troizier, French physician, 1844- ]. Enlarge- 
ment of the left supraclavicular lymph-glands, an 
indication of malignant disease of the intraabdominal 
region. 

Trolard's vein {tro-lar') [Paulin Trolard, French 
anatomist]. The anastomotic vein that extends 
from the superior longitudinal sinus to the superior 
petrosal or the cavernous sinus. 

trolley-buzz. A buzzing sound constantly heard 
by people who ride much on noisy trolley-cars. 

trolley-eye. See chalcitis. 

Trombidium (trom-bid'-e-um). A genus of mites 
which includes the harvest mite. By some, the 
chigoe is considered as belonging to this group. 

Trommer's test for glucose (trom'-er) [ 

Trommer, German chemist, 1 806-1 879]. To the 
liquid rendered alkaline by caustic soda a fairly 
strong solution of cupric sulphate is added drop by 
drop until a little of the copper hydrate formed 
remains undissolved on shaking. On warming in 
the presence of glucose, a yellow reduction of hydrated 
suboxide of copper is first formed, and then red 
suboxide separates, even below the boiling-point. 
If not enough copper salt has been used, the reaction 
will be yellowish-brown in color; but if the copper 
salt is in excess, the excess of hydrate is changed by 
boiling into a dark-brown hydrate, which interferes 
with the test. 

tromomania (Jtrom-o-ma'-ne-ah) [rpdnos, tremor; 
navia, madness]. Delirium tremens. 

trona {tro'-nah). Native sodium carbonate, Na2- 
CO3. 

tropacocaine {tro-pa-ko'-ka-en) [atropine; cocaine]. 
An alkaloid obtained from a small-leaved coca- 
plant of Java. t. hydrochloride, CsHhNO . CdHs- 
CO . HC1, in 2 to 3 % solutions, is preferred to 
cocaine hydrochloride, as a local anesthetic, as being 
less toxic and more reliable. 

tropasolin. See tropeolin. 

tropate {tro'-pat). A salt of tropic acid; 

tropein (tro'-pe-in). A salt of tropin and an 
organic acid. 

tropeinism (tro' ' -pe-in-izni) . Poisoning by any of 
the tropeins or by plants (Solanacea) containing 
tropeins. It is characterized in light cases by dry- 
ness of the mouth, dysphagia, and acceleration of 
the pulse; in severer cases by dilatation of the pupils, 
ataxia, clonic spasms, psychic disturbances with 
excessive excitement; the severest cases are marked 
by loss of consciousness, anesthesia, paralysis of the 
sphincters, and cardiac and respiratory paralysis. 

tropeolin (tro-pe'-o-lin). One of a group of orange 
anilin dyes, so-called from the resemblance of their 
colors to those of the flowers of Tropceolum, the 
garden nasturtium. Its solutions are turned brown 
by free acids, and are used as a test for such acids. 

tropesis (tro-pe'-sis) [rpowri, a turn]. Inclination. 

trophe (trof'-e) [rpo</>rj, nourishment]. Aliment. 

trophedema. See trophoedema. 

trophesial, trophesic (tro-fe'-ze-al, tro-fe'-sik) [rpo<f>T), 
nourishment]. Pertaining to or of the nature of a 
trophesy. 

trophesy (trof'-es-e) [rpo<j>-h, nourishment]. Defec- 
tive nutrition of a part resulting from disorder of 
the nerves regulating nutrition; trophoneurosis. 

trophic (trof'-ik) [rpo<prj, nourishment]. Pertaining 
to the functions concerned in nutrition, digestion, 
and assimilation, t. centers, centers regulating the 
nutrition of nerves, or through them, of organs. 

tropho- (trof-o-) [rpoQri, nourishment]. A prefix 
denoting relation to nutrition or to nourishment. 

trophoblast (trof'-o-blast) [rpo^-q, nourishment; 
0Xao-r6s, a germ]. In biology, the outer epiblastic 
layer of the extra-embryonic somatopleure. 

trophoblastic (trof-o-blas'-tik) [rpo<f>ri, nourishment; 
p\a<rr6s, germ]. Pertaining to a trophoblast. 

trophoedema (JLrof-o-e-de'-mah) [tropho-; edema]. 



TROPHOLECITHAL 



909 



TRYPSINOGEN 



A condition marked by localized permanent edema. 
t., chronic, frequently hereditary, marked by hard, 
white, painless swellings on the legs, lasting through 
life without material injury to health. 

tropholecithal (trof-o-les'-ith-al) [rpo4>r), nourish- 
ment; \kKiBos, the yolk of an egg]. Pertaining to a 
tropholecithus. 

tropholecithus (trof-o-les'-ith-us) [rptxpr), nourish- 
ment; XkKidos, the yolk of an egg]. In biology, the 
food yolk of a meroblastic egg. Cf. morpholecithus. 

trophology (trof-ol'-o-je) [tropho-; \6yos, science]. 
The science of nutrition. 

trophoneurosis (trof-o-nu-ro'-sis) [tropho- ; neurosis]. 
Any disease of a part due to disturbance of the 
nerves or nerve-centers with which it is connected. 
t., disseminated. Synonym of scleroderma, t., fa- 
cial, progressive facial atrophy; facial hemiatrophy. 
t., muscular, trophic changes in the muscles in con- 
nection with disease of the nervous system, t. of 
Romberg, unilateral atrophy of the face ; hemiatrophy . 

trophoneurotic (Jtrof-o-nu-rot'-ik). Pertaining to 
or caused by a trophoneurosis. 

trophonine (trof-on-en). A proprietary food said 
to consist of beef, nucleoalbumin, gluten of wheat, 
and enzymes of the digestive gland. 

trophonosis, trophonosus (trof-on'-o-sis, trof-on'- 
o-sus). See trophopathy. 

trophonucleus (trof-o-nu'-kle-us) [tropho-; nucleus]. 
The nucleus which is concerned with the nutrition 
of a cell and not with its reproduction. 

trophopathy (trof-op'-ath-e) [tropho-; iraBos, disease]. 
A disorder of nutrition. 

trophoplasm (trof'-o-plazm) [tropho-; ir\aaaetv, 
to mold]. The vital substance of the cell; the 
formative plasm. 

trophoplast (trof'-o-plast) [see trophoplasm]. A 
mass of formative plasm. 

trophospongia (tro-fo-spun'-je-ah) [rpo<j>r), nourish- 
ment; awoyyia, a sponge]. In biology, the outer 
or maternal layer of the trophoblast, trophodisc, or 
trophocalyx. 

trophotonos (trof-ot'-on-os) [tropho-; tovos, tension]. 
Rigidity of contractile tissue due to trophic dis- 
turbances. 

trophotropic (trof-o-trop'-ik) [rpocpr), nourishment; 
rpkireiv, to turn]. In biology, exhibiting tropho- 
tropism. 

trophotropism (trof-of -ro-pizm) [tropho-; rpkireiv, 
to turn]. The attraction and repulsion exhibited by 
certain organic cells to various nutritive solutions. 

tropic (trop'-ik) [rpovi), a turning]. An affix used 
by Ehrlich and Wright. See bacteriotropic. t. acid 
[atropine], C9H10O3. An acid produced by treating 
atropine with baryta-water, alkalies or acids. 

tropidine (trop' -id-en) [atropine], CsHnN. A sub- 
stance resulting from the decomposition of atropine 
in the presence of hydrochloric and glacial acetic 
acids; it is an oily fluid having an odor like that of 
coniine. 

tropine (trop'-en) [atropine], CsHisNO. A crystal- 
line base obtained in the decomposition of atropine. 

tropism (tro'-pizm) [rpoirri. a turn]. The striving 
of living cells after light and darkness, heat or cold, 
etc. t., chemo-, the directing influence of chemical 
agents, t., photo-, that exerted by light, t., gal- 
vano-, that due to galvanic electricity. 

tropococaine. See tropacocaine. 

tropometer (Jtrop-om'-et-er) [rpoirf), turn; ukrpov, 
a measure]. 1. An instrument for measuring the 
various rotations of the eyeball. 2. An apparatus 
for estimating the amount of torsion in long 
bones. 

tropon {tro'-pon) \rpo^i\, nourishment]. An albu- 
minous substance obtained from animal and vege- 
table sources, containing 90 % of albumin. It is a 
light brown, nonhygroscopic powder, intended as a 
nutrient for convalescents. One teaspoonful to one 
tablespoonful is given with each meal in cocoa, 
soup, etc. 

Trousseau's disease (troo-so') [Armand Trousseau, 
French physician, 1 801-1867]. Stomachal vertigo. 
T.'s marks, "taches cerebrales," circumscribed 
spots produced by mechanical irritation in tubercu- 
lous meningitis and other diseases seriously affecting 
the nutrition of the nervous system. T.'s phe- 
nomenon, muscular spasm, which continues as long 
as pressure is applied on the large arteries or on the 
nerve trunk in tetany, showing heightened neuro- 
muscular irritability. T.'s points apophysaires, 
points sensitive to pressure over the dorsal and 



lumbar vertebra? in intercostal and lumboabdominal 
neuralgias. See Valleix's points douloureux. T.'s 
roseola, rubeola; rotheln. T.'s symptom, the pro- 
duction of paroxysms of tetany by pressure upon the 
principal nerve-trunks or blood-vessels of the parts 
affected; it is observed in tetany. T.'s test for bile- 
pigments. See Smith's reaction. 

troy ounce. A unit in troy weight, equal to 480 
grains, t. weight. See weights and measures. 

true. Real; not false, t. aneurysm. See aneu- 
rysm, true. t. conjugate. See under conjugate. 
t. corpus luteum, the corpus luteum of preg- 
nancy, t. pelvis, that part of the pelvic cavity 
situated below the iliopectineal line. t. rib. See 
rib, true. t. skin, the corium. t. vocal bands, the 
inferior bands, or those concerned in the production 
of the voice. 

truncal (trung'-kal) [trunk]. Pertaining to a 
trunk. 

truncated (trung'-ka-ted) [trunk]. Deprived of 
limbs or accessory parts. 

trunci (trung'-ki) [L.]. Plural of truncus. t. 
lumbales, lumbar trunks. 

truncus (trung'-kus) [L.: pi., trunci]. A trunk, 
t. bronchomediastinalis dexter, right broncho- 
mediastinal trunk, t. corporis callosi, trunk or body 
of corpus callosum. t. intestinalis, intestinal trunk. 
t. jugularis, jugular trunk, t. lumbosacralis, lumbo- 
sacral trunk or cord. t. costocervicalis, costocervical 
or superior intercostal trunk, t. subclavius, sub- 
clavian trunk, t. sympathicus, sympathetic trunk. 
t. thyreocervicalis, the thyroid axis. 

Trunecek's method (troo'-net-sek). See under 
serum, Trunecek's. 

trunk [truncus, a trunk]. 1. The body except the 
head and limbs. 2. The main stem of a nerve or 
vessel. 

truss (trus) [Ft., trousse]. An apparatus for main- 
taining a hernia in place after reduction. Also an 
appliance for making pressure, t., carotid, a truss 
for compressing the carotid artery, t., French, . a 
truss for inguinal hernia, in which pressure is exerted 
by an elastic, steel spring that supports the pad. 
t., Hainsby's, a truss for approximating the edges of 
a wound; it is used in the operation for harelip, t., 
suspensory, a suspensory bandage. 

trypan-blue. A dye of the benzopurpurin series, 
used as a trypanocide. 

trypanocidal (tri-pan-o-si'-dal) [trypanosoma; cce- 
dere, to kill]. An agent that destroys trypanosomes. 

trypanosan (tri-pan' -o-san). A dye-stuff of try- 
panocidal properties when combined with arseno- 
phenylglycin. 

Trypanosoma (Jtri-pan-o-so'-mah) [rpviravov, a 
borer; <rcbp.a, body]. A genus of protozoan parasitic 
organisms. T. brucei, the organism causing the 
tsetse fly disease of horses. T. castellanii, probably 
the same as T. gambiense. T. equiperdum, the 
exciting cause of dourine, q. v. T. equinum, the 
exciting cause of mal de Caderas in the horse. T. 
evansi, the organism found in surra. T. gambiense, 
the organism causing sleeping-sickness. T. lewisi, 
one found in rats. T. theileri, one found in galziekte, 
a disease of cattle. 

trypanosome (Jtri'-pan-o-som). One of any species 
of Trypanosoma. 

trypanosomiasis (tri-pan-o-so-mi'-a-sis) [ Trypano- 
soma], Any of the several diseases due to infection 
with the various species of Trypanosoma. 

trypan-red. A reddish-brown powder recom- 
mended in the treatment of trypanosomiasis. 

trypanroth. Same as trypan-red. 

tryparosan (tri-par' ' -o-san). A preparation of 
chlorinated parafuchsin, used in the treatment of 
trypanosomiasis. 

trypesis (trip-e'-sis) [rpvirav, to bore]. The opera- 
tion of trephining. 

trypsalin (trip'-sal-in). Trade name of a powder 
of trypsin said to be capable of dissolving dead 
tissue; it is designed for use by insufflation in nose 
and throat diseases. 

trypsase (trip'-sas). See trypsin. 

trypsin (trip'-sin) [rptyLs, a rubbing]. The prote- 
olytic ferment of the pancreatic juice, which in an 
alkaline medium converts proteids into peptones. 
It has lately been advocated for curative use in 
cancer. 

trypsinogen (trip-sin' -o-jen) [trypsin; yevvav, to 
produce]. The zymogen from which trypsin is 
formed. 



TRYPTIC 



910 



TUBERCLE 



tryptic (trip'-tik) [trypsin]. Pertaining to or caused 
by trypsin. 

tryptolytic (trip-tol-it'-ik) [trypsin ;\veiv, to loosen]. 
Of or pertaining to the peculiar cleavage properties 
of trypsin. 

tryptone (trip'-ton) [trypsin]. Peptone formed by 
the action of trypsin. 

, tryptonemia, tryptonaemia (trip-to-ne'-me-ah). See 
peptonemia. 

tryptophan (trip' -to-fan) . One of the end products 
of tryptic digestion. With a solution of chlorine or 
bromine it gives a violet color. Synonym, proteino- 
chromogen. t. test, tryptophan is present in the 
stomach, as a result of pepsin digestion in cases of 
cancer of the stomach; the test is made by the addi- 
tion of bromine water, as above. 

T. S. Abbreviation of test solution. 

tsetse-fly (tset'-se). Glossina morsitans and. G. 
palpalis, dipterous insects of South Africa, which 
carry the Trypanosoma gambiense. t. disease. See 
disease, tsetse-fly. 

Tsuga (tsoo'-gah). A genus of Conifer ce, a species 
of which, T. canadensis, yields Canada pitch. 

tsutsugamushi disease (tsoo-tsoo-ga-moo'-she). Jap- 
anese river fever. 

T. U. Abbreviation of toxic unit. 

tua-tua. See Jatropha gossypifolia. 

tub. To treat by means of a cold bath. 

tuba (tu'-bah) [L.]. A tube. t. acustica. Same 
as t. auditiva. t. auditiva, the auditory or Eustachian 
tube. t. Eustachii, Eustachian tube. t. fallopiana, 
t. Fallopii, t. uterina, Fallopian tube. 

tubage (tu'-baj) [tuba, a tube]. The introduction 
of a tube or catheter, t. of the glottis. See intuba- 
tion. 

tubal (tu'-bal) [tube]. Pertaining to a tube, 
especially the Fallopian tube or the renal tubules, 
t. abortion, internal rupture of the ovum in extra- 
uterine gestation, with a pouring out of blood through 
the fimbriated extremity of the tube into the ab- 
dominal cavity, t. mole, a tubal ovum that has been 
destroyed by hemorrhage, t. pregnancy, pregnancy 
in one or the other Fallopian tube. 

tubba, tubboe (tub' -ah, tub' -6). Yaws attacking 
the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet; 
crab-yaws. 

tubbing (tub'-ing). The employment of the cold 
bath in the treatment of fever. 

tube (tub) [tuba, a tube]. A hollow, cylindrical 
structure, especially the Fallopian tube or the 
Eustachian tube, t., air-, a bronchial tube, t., 
alimentary, the alimentary canal, t., auditory, the 
external auditory canal, t., auricular, the external 
auditory meatus, t., auscultation, one used to test 
the acuteness of hearing, t., capillary, a tube with 
minute lumen, t., cardiac, the embryonic heart, 
t.-casts, casts of the renal tubules; they indicate 
disease of the kidneys, t., Crookes', t., Geissler's, 
t., Hittorf' s. See under rays. Roentgen-, t., drain- 
age-, a hollow tube of glass, rubber, or other material 
inserted into a wound or cavity to allow of the escape 
of fluids, t., Eustachian. See Eustachian, t.s, 
Fallopian. See oviducts, t., feeding, one for intro- 
ducing food into the stomach, t.s, fusion, Priestley 
Smith's name for a miniature stereoscope by which 
the two images formed by a straight and a squinting 
eye may be fused together and seen simultaneously. 
Cf. heteroscope. t., intubation, a tube for insertion 
into the larynx through the mouth in laryngeal 
diphtheria, etc. t., sediment, a glass cylinder con- 
stricted to a fine point at one end and both ends 
open; it is used in precipitating urine, t., stomach, 
a flexible tube used for lavage, t., tracheotomy. 
See tracheotomy, t., vacuum, a sealed glass tube out 
of which the air has been pumped and which has at 
each end a piece of platinum wire passed through 
the glass and entering the tube. 

tuber (tu'-ber) [L., "a bump or swelling"], i. A 
thickened portion of an underground stem. 2. Any 
rounded swelling, t. anatomica, a protuberance, 
tumor, or swelling, t. annulare, the anterior surface 
of the pons; see pons Varolii, t. anterius. See t. 
cinereum. t. calcanei, the tuberosity of the cal- 
caneum. tubera candicantia. See corpora albi- 
cantia. t. cinereum, a tract of gray matter ex- 
tending from the optic chiasma to the corpora 
albicantia and forming part of the floor of the third 
ventricle, t. cochleae, the promontory of the tym- 
panum, t. corporis callosi, the splenium. t. 
Eustachii, a slight protuberance below the fenestra 



ovalis on the inner wall of the tympanic cavity, 
t. frontale, the frontal eminence, tubera geniculata, 
the internal and external geniculate bodies, t. 
gutturosum. See goiter, t. ischiadicum, the tuber- 
osity of the ischium, t. ischii, the tuberosity of the 
ischium, t. maxillae, the tuberosity of the superior 
maxilla, t. x maxillare, the maxillary tuber. t. 
omentale hepatis, a prominence on the left lobe of the 
liver, corresponding to the lesser curvature of the 
stomach, t. omentale pancreatis, a prominence of 
the middle part of the pancreas, corresponding to 
the lesser omentum. t. parietale, the parietal 
eminence, t. posticum. Same as t. . vermis, t. 
supracondyloideum, an eminence opposite the distal 
end of the internal border of the linea aspera of the 
fibula. t. supraorbitale, the superciliary ridge, 
t. syphiliticum. See syphiloma, t. tympani. See 
t. Eustachii. t. valvulae (cerebelli) , a small prominence 
of the cerebellum on its inferior vermiform process 
at its anterior extremity in front of the uvula, t. 
vermis, the posterior end of the inferior worm of the 
cerebellum; also called /. valvules, t. verrucosum, a 
callosity often found on the great toe at the meta- 
tarso-phalangeal joint, t. zygomaticum, a promi- 
nence of the zygoma on its lower border near the 
union of the superior maxilla and the zygomatic 
process. 

tubercle (tu'-ber-kl) [tuber culum, a tubercle]. 
1. A small nodule. 2. A rounded prominence on a 
bone. 3. The specific lesion produced by the tu- 
bercle bacillus, consisting of a collection of round- 
cells and epithelioid cells, with at times giant-cells. 
t., acoustic, the nucleus of the dorsal cochlear nerve, 
a leaf -like mass of cinerea wrapped about the dorso- 
lateral surface of the restis. t., adductor, a slight 
protuberance at the lower end of the internal supra- 
condylar line of the femur, giving attachment to the 
tendon of the adductor magnus. t., amygdaloid, a 
prominence on the roof of the descending cornu 
of the lateral ventricle, t., anatomical, a wart-like 
tuberculous growth sometimes appearing on the 
hands of dissectors, t., anterior, a tubercle at the 
anterior part of the extremity of the transverse pro- 
cess of certain vertebrae, t. bacillus. See under 
bacteria, t., carotid, a prominence of the sixth 
cervical vertebra on the anterior part of its trans- 
verse process, t., conoid, a broad projection of the 
clavicle on its posterior border at the union of its 
middle and outer thirds, to which the conoid liga- 
ment is attached, t., deltoid, a projection on the 
anterior border of the clavicle, giving origin to a 
part of the deltoideus. t., dissection, anatomical 
tubercle, t., fibrous, a tubercle which has been 
modified by the formation of connective tissue within 
its structure, t., genial, one of the tubercles on 
each side of the middle line on the inner surface 
of the lower maxilla, t., genital, the rudimentary 
penis or clitoris in the urogenital region of the embryo 
in front of the cloaca, t., gray. See tubercle (3). 
t., hepatic, in the embryo, the bile-tubules, t., 
hyaline. See tube-cast, hyaline, t., lacrimal, one of 
the small papillary prominences at the margin of the 
eyelids, in the center of which is the punctum lacri- 
male. t. of Lower, a small eminence on the wall of 
the right auricle, between the orifices of the venae 
cavae. t., lymphoid, a tubercle consisting chiefly of 
round or lymphoid cells, t., mammillary. See 
corpora albicantia. t., miliary. See tubercle (3). 
t., neural, the tube of ectodermal tissue from which 
the nerve-system is developed, t., olfactory. See 
bulb, olfactory, t., otopharyngeal, the Eustachian 
tube, t., painful, a painful nodule in the subcutane- 
ous tissue in the region of the joints, t., posterior, 
a tubercle at the posterior end of the lumbar and 
several of the thoracic vertebrae, t., postglenoid, a 
process of the temporal bone that descends behind 
the condyle of the jaw and prevents backward dis- 
placement during mastication, t., prostatic, the 
middle lobe of the prostate, t., pterygoid, a tubercle 
on the inner surface of the inferior maxilla; it gives 
attachment to the internal pterygoid muscle, t. of 
Rolando, one of the rounded masses close under the 
surface of the lateral columns of the medulla ob- 
longata, formed by the enlarged dorsal horns of the 
gray matter, t., scalene-, a tubercle on the first 
rib, giving attachment to the anterior scalene muscle. 
t., supraglenoid, one above the superglenoid fossa 
of the scapula, giving attachment to the long 
head of the biceps, t. of the vagina, a prominence 
on the anterior wall of the vagina, t., zygomatic, 



TUBERCULA 



911 



TUBERCULUM 



one at the junction of the zygoma with its anterior 
root. 

tubercula (tii-ber'-ku-lah) [plural of tuberculum, 
a tubercle], t. coronae dentis, tubercles of the 
crown of a tooth, t. dolorosa. See tubercle, -painful. 
t. quadrigemina. See corpora quadrigemina. 
■ tubercular (tu-ber'-ku-lar) [tubercle], i. Presenting 
the appearance of a tubercle. . 2. Provided with 
tubercles. 

tuberculase (tu-ber' -kii-las) . See Behring's tulase. 

tuberculate, tubercled (tu-bur'-kii-lat, tii'-bur-kld) 
[tuberculum, a tubercle]. Warty; bearing tubercles. 

tuberculated (tu-bur' -ku-la-ted) [tuberculum, a 
tubercle]. Furnished with tubercles; tuberculous. 

tuberculation (tu-bur-ku-la'-shun) [tuberculum, a 
tubercle]. The formation, development, or arrange- 
ment of tubercles; the process of affecting a part with 
tubercles. 

tuberculid, tuberculide (tu-ber '-kii-lid). Any 
cutaneous manifestation due to the toxins of the 
tubercle bacilli. 

tuberculin (tu-ber' -ku-lin) [tubercle]. A glycerol 
extract of cultures of the bacillus of tuberculosis. 
It is a brownish, neutral liquid, soluble in water, and 
is used as a means of diagnosing tuberculosis, and 
treating; when injected into tuberculous individuals, 
a reaction is produced which differs from that given 
by healthy individuals. Syn., paratoloid. T. A, 
the result of extracting the bacilli with a 10 % normal 
caustic soda solution and filtering and neutralizing 
the product, t. filtrate, the bouillon from cultures 
on which tubercle bacilli of the human type have 
been grown to maturity and freed from germs by 
filtration through porcelain; no heat is used in its 
manufacture. Syn., tuberculin Denys, B. F. t., 
Koch's. See t„ new; and t., old. t., new (T. R.), 
an unsterilized, unfiltered, glycerol-water semisolution 
of living, dried, pulverized, and washed bacilli, t., 
original, or old (T. O.). See tuberculin, t., purified, 
the resultant redissolved precipitate of the tuberculin 
original with 60% of alcohol. T. R. See t., new. 
t. test, the injection of a small amount of tuberculin 
will produce fever and local swelling in a person or 
animal who has tuberculosis; but there is no reaction 
in one free from tuberculosis. 

tuberculine (tu-ber' -ku-len). A ptomaine produced 
from the tubercle bacillus. 

tuberculinization (tu-ber-ku-lin-iz-a'-shun) . Treat- 
ment of tuberculosis by the use of tuberculin. 

tuberculinose (tu-ber' -ku-lin-os). Dialyzed tuber- 
culin. 

tuberculitis (tu-ber-ku-li'-tis) [tubercle; trts, in- 
flammation]. Inflammation in the tissues sur- 
rounding a tuberculous node. 

tuberculization (tu^ber-ku-liz-a' -shun) [tuberculum, 
tubercle]. 1. The formation of tubercles, or the 
condition of being charged with tubercles. 2. Treat- 
ment with tuberculin. 

tuberculoalbumin (tii-ber-ku-lo-al-bu'-min) . A 

tuberculin preparation similar to tuberculase. 

tuberculocele (tu-ber' -ku-lo-sel) [tuberculosis ; k^Xt?, 
a tumor]. Tuberculous disease of the testicle. 

tuberculocidin (tu-ber-ku-lo-si'-din) [tubercle; cce- 
dere, to kill]. An albumose obtained from tuberculin 
by precipitation with platinum chloride. It is said 
to possess the beneficial effects of tuberculin without 
producing an injurious reaction. 

tuberculoderma (tu-ber -ku-lo-der' -mah) . A cutane- 
ous manifestation of the action of tubercle bacilli, 
a tuberculid. 

tuberculofibroid (tu-ber-ku-lo-fi'-broid). Relating 
to a tubercle that has undergone fibroid degeneration. 

tuberculoid (tfc-ber'-ku-loid) [tuberculum, tubercle; 
elSos, like]. Resembling tubercle or tuberculosis. 

tuberculoidin (tu-ber-kii-loi'-din). Tuberculin 
which has been treated with alcohol and so cleared 
of its bacilli. 

ruberculol (tu-ber' -ku-lol). Tuberculin which has 
been freed from secondary products. 

tuberculoma (tu-ber -ku-lo' -mah). A tuberculous 
tumor. 

tuberculomyces (tu-ber-ku-lo-mi'-sez). A group 
of bacilli containing the different varieties of tubercle 
bacilli. 

tuberculophobia (tu-ber -ku-lo-fo' '-be-ah) [tubercu- 
losis; <j>60os, fear]. Morbid fear of tuberculosis. 

tuberculoplasmin (tu-ber-ku-lo-plaz'-min). The 
filtered watery solution of the protoplasm of moist 
living bacilli, extracted by crushing with hydraulic 
pressure. 



tuberculosamine (tu-ber-ku-lo'-sam-en). An amine 
isolated from tubercle bacilli. 

tuberculose (tu-ber' -ku-los). See tuberculated. 

tuberculosis (tu-ber-ku-lo'-sis) [tubercle]. An in- 
fectious disease due to Bacillus tuberculosis, dis- 
covered by Koch. The lesion produced by the growth 
of the bacillus is the tubercle (miliary or gray tubercle 
or nodule), a small, grayish, translucent nodule, 
from xV to 2 mm. in diameter, firmly embedded 
in the surrounding tissues. By the coalescence of 
neighboring tubercles large masses, the so-called 
tuberculous infiltrations, are produced. The tend- 
ency of tuberculous lesions is to undergo cheesy 
necrosis. For this degeneration two factors are 
responsible: the absence of blood-vessels and the 
action of peculiar poisons elaborated by the bacillus. 
The breaking down of tuberculous areas in the 
interior of organs gives rise to cavities, which may be 
seen in muscles, bones, brain, lymphatic glands, and 
elsewhere, but are most pronounced in the lungs. 
On surfaces — skin and mucous membranes — tubercu- 
losis often leads to the formation of ulcers. The 
most frequent seats of tuberculosis are the lung, the 
intestinal tract, the lymphatic glands, the serous 
membranes, the bones, the skin, the testicle, the 
epididymis, the brain, the Fallopian tubes, the uterus, 
the spleen. The symptoms of tuberculosis vary 
with the localization of the disease. A few general 
phenomena are common to nearly all forms, viz., 
emaciation, loss of strength, anemia, fever, and 
sweats, t., acute miliary, an acute febrile disease, 
characterized by the formation of minute tubercles 
in great numbers in various parts of the body. It 
is due to the discharge into the circulatory stream of 
tubercle bacilli. Three forms are usually described: 
(1) a general or typhoid form; (2) one with marked 
pulmonary symptoms; (3) one in which cerebral 
symptoms predominate, t., attenuated, tuberculosis 
with tendency to cold abscesses and various skin 
complications, t., avian, tuberculosis affecting birds, 
t., bovine, tuberculosis occurring in cattle. Syn., 
pearl disease, t., cestodic, a disease resembling 
tuberculosis, due to infestation with cestodes. t., 
disseminated, acute miliary tuberculosis, t., general 
miliary. See t., acute miliary, t., laryngeal, tubercu- 
losis of the larynx, usually secondary to tuberculosis 
of the lungs, but in rare cases primary, t., miliary, 
tuberculosis characterized by the formation of miliary 
tubercles, t., pulmonary, phthisis, pulmonary, t., 
surgical, tuberculosis of parts amenable to surgical 
treatment, as the bones and joints. 

tuberculotoxin {tu-ber-ku-lo-toks'-in). A toxin 
generated by the tubercle bacillus. 

tuberculotoxoidin (tu-ber-ku-lo-toks-oid'-in). A 
solution of tubercle bacilli in sulphuric acid, said 
to have some immunizing value and to raise the op- 
sonic index. 

tuberculous (tu-ber' '-ku-lus) [tubercle]. Affected 
with or caused by tuberculosis. 

tuberculum (tu-ber' -ku-lum) . See tubercle. t. 
acusticum, a group of nerve-cells connected with the 
auditory fibers, t. anterius. 1. The conical promi- 
nence on the anterior arch of the atlas. 2. The 
frontal extremity of the thalamus, t. articulare, 
articular tubercle, t. auriculae (Darwini), Darwinian 
tubercle of auricle, t. caudatum, the caudate lobe 
of the liver, t. cinereum, gray or ashen tubercle: 
(1) the cuneate tubercle of the oblongata; (2) the 
tuberculum Rolandi, found below the clava. t. 
corniculatum (Santorini), corniculate tubercle of 
Santorini. t. costae, tubercle of the rib. t. cunei- 
forme (Wrisbergi) , cuneiform cartilage, t. epiglot- 
ticum, epiglottic tubercle or cushion of epiglottis, 
t. impar, a rounded elevation between the ventral 
ends of the mandibular and hyoid arches and from 
which the papillary portion of the tongue is developed. 
t. intercondyloideum laterale, lateral intercondyloid 
tubercle, t. intercondyloideum mediale, medial 
intercondyloid tubercle, t. intervenosum (Loweri), 
intervenous tubercle of Lower, t. jugulare, jugular 
tubercle, t. majus, larger tubercle or greater 
tuberosity, t. mentale, mental tubercle, t. minus, 
smaller tubercle or lesser tuberosity, t. obtura- 
torium anterius, anterior obturator tubercle, t. 
obturatorium posterius, posterior obturator tubercle. 
t. pharyngeum, pharyngeal tubercle, t. posterius, 
the rudimentary spinous process of the atlas, t. 
pubicum, pubic tubercle or spine of os pubis, t. 
scaleni (Lisfranci), scalene tubercle of Lisfranc. 
t. sebaceum. See milium, t. supratragicum, supra- 



TUBERIFEROUS 



912 



TUMENOL 



tragic tubercle, t. thyreoideum inferius, inferior 
thyroid tubercle, t. thyreoideum superius, superior 
thyroid tubercle, t. vestibularis. Same as t. acusti- 
cum. 

tuberiferous (Jtu-ber-if-er-us) [tuber, a tuber; 
erre, to bear]. Producing tubers. 
tuberose (tu'-ber-os) [tuber]. Resembling a tuber. 
tuberositas (til-ber-os'-it-as) [L.J. A tuberosity. 
t. coracoidea, the coracoid tuberosity, an impression 
for the conoid ligament, t. costalis, costal tuberosity 
or impression for rhomboid ligament, t. deltoidea, 
deltoid tuberosity, t. glutsea, gluteal tuberosity. 
t. iliaca, iliac tuberosity, t. infraglenoidalis, infra- 
glenoidal tuberosity, t. . masseterica, masseteric 
tuberosity, t. ossis cuboidei, tuberosity of cuboid 
bone. t. ossis navicularis, tuberosity of scaphoid 
bone of tarsus, t. pterygoidea, pterygoid tuberosity. 
t. radii, tuberosity of radius, or bicipital tuberosity. 
t. sacralis, sacral tuberosity, t. supraglenoidalis, 
supraglenoidal tuberosity or tubercle, t. tibiae, 
tuberosity or tubercle of the tibia, t. ulnae, tuber- 
osity of the ulna. t. unguicularis, ungual tuberosity. 
tuberosity (tu-ber-os'-it-e) [tuber]. A protuberance 
on a bone, t., greater, a rough projection on the 
outer side of the head of the humerus, t. of the 
ischium, a thick, downward projection of the ischium, 
on which the body rests in sitting, t., lesser, a 
small tuberosity in front of the head and on the 
inner side of the bicipital groove of the humerus. 
t. maxillary, a rounded eminence at the lower part 
of the zygomatic surface of the superior maxillary 
bone, especially prominent after the growth of the 
wisdom-teeth, ts. of the os calcis, two prominences, 
an external and an internal, on the posterior inferior 
aspect of the os calcis. t. of the palate bone, a 
pyramidal process at the lower part of the posterior 
border of the external surface of the palate bone. 
t. of the radius, a rough eminence at the inner and 
interior aspect of the bone just beneath the neck. 

tuberous (tu'-ber-us) [tuber]. Like a tuber, as 
tuberous angioma. 

Tuebingen heart. A disease of the heart, first 
observed at Tuebingen, marked by cardiac dilatation 
and hypertrophy and believed to be due to overin- 
dulgence in alcoholic drinks. 

tubo- (til-bo-) [tube], A prefix meaning relating to 
a tube. 

tuboabdominal (tu-bo-ab-dom'-in-al) [tubo-; ab- 
domen]. Pertaining to a Fallopian tube and to the 
abdomen, t. pregnancy, one that begins in the tube, 
but that finally becomes abdominal. 

tuboadnexopexy (tu-bo-ad-neks\o-peks-e). Surgical 
fixation of the uterine adnexa. 

tuboligamentus (tu-bo-lig-am-ent' -us) . Relating 
to the oviduct and the broad ligament. 

tubo-ovarian (tu-bo-o-va'-re-an) [tubo-; ovary]. 
Pertaining to the Fallopian tube and the ovary. 
t. pregnancy, an extrauterine pregnancy in which the 
ovum develops between the fimbriae of the oviduct 
and the ovary. 

tubo-ovariotomy (tu-bo-o-va-re-ot'-om-e). Excision 
of a Fallopian tube and ovary. 

tuboperitoneal (tu-bo-per-it-on-e'-aV). Relating to 
the oviduct and the peritoneum. 

tubotympanal (tu-bo-tim'-pan-al). Pertaining to a 
Eustachian tube and the tympanum of the ear. 

tubouterine (Jtu-bo-u'-ter-in) [tubo-; uterus]. Per- 
taining to the Fallopian tube and the uterus, t. 
pregnancy, a form of tubal pregnancy in which the 
ovule develops in the uterine wall, a portion of the 
sac often projecting into the uterus, and having on 
the outer side the round ligament and the greater 
portion of the tube. Also known as interstitial 
pregnancy. 

tubovaginal (tu-bo-vaj'-in-al). Pertaining to a 
Fallopian tube and the vagina. 

tubular (Jtu'-bu-lar) [tubulus, a small tube], i. 
Shaped like a tube. 2. Pertaining to or affecting 
tubules, as tubular nephritis. 3- Produced in a 
tube, as tubular breathing, t. adenoma, an adenoma 
after the type of tubular glands, t. breathing. 
Synonym of breathing, bronchial, t. epithelioma, a 
carcinoma found in the salivary glands composed of 
irregular cells, the cell-masses extending in tubes or 
cylindrical plugs in various directions. Pearly bodies 
are also present, t. gland, a secreting gland tube- 
like or cylindrical in shape; also the enteric glands or 
follicles of Lieberkuehn. t. gestation, extrauterine 
fetation in the oviduct, t. membrane. See peri- 
neurium, neurilemma, t. pneumonia. Synonym 



of pneumonia, lobular, t. rale, one produced in a 
bronchial tube. 

tubulature (Jtu'-bu-la-iur) [tubule]. The short tube 
of a retort or receiver. 

tubule (Jtu'-bul) [tubulus, dim. of tubus, a tube]. 
A small tube. In anatomy, any minute, tube- 
shaped structure; see also tubulus. t., communi- 
cating, or junctional, that part of a uriniferous tubule 
between the distal convoluted, and the straight 
collecting tubule, t., dentinal, the tubular structure 
of the teeth, t. of Ferrein. See Ferrein, tube of. 
t.s, segmental, t.s, Wolffian. See under Wolffian 
body, t., seminiferous, any one of the tubules of 
the testicles, t., uriniferous, one of the numerous 
winding tubules of the kidney. 

tubuli (tu'-bu-li) [L.]. Plural of tubulus. t. 
renales, renal tubules, t. renales contorti, convo- 
luted renal tubules, t. lactiferi, the excretory ducts 
of the mammae, t. renales recti, straight renal 
tubules, t. seminiferi contorti, convoluted semi- 
niferous tubules, t. seminiferi recti, straight semi- 
niferous tubules. 

tubuliform (tu'-bu-lif-orm) [tubulus, tubule; forma, 
form]. Shaped like a tubule. - 

tubulization (tu-bu-li-za'-shun). Protection of the 
ends of nerves, after neurorrhaphy, by a paraffin 
tube. 

tubulocyst (tu'-bu-lo-sist). A cystic dilatation 
occurring in an occluded canal or duct. 

tubulodermoid (tu-bu-lo-der' -moid) . A dermoid 
tumor in fetal tubular structure which should have 
become occluded. 

tubuloracemose (tu-bu-lo-ras'-em-6s). Denoting a 
gland that is both tubular and racemose. 

tubulus (tu'-bu-lus) [tubulus, a small tube: pi., 
tubuli], A small tube-like organ; a tubule. 

tubus (tu'-bus) [L.]._ A tube, canal, t. acusticus, 
an ear trumpet, t. digestorius, the digestive canal, 
t. medullaris, the vertebral canal, t. respiratorius, 
the respiratory canal, t. vertebralis, the spinal or 
vertebral canal. 

Tuerck's bundle [Ludwig Tuerck, Austrian neurolo- 
gist, 1810-1878]. A tract of nerve-fibers passing 
from the cortex of the temporosphenoidal lobe through 
the outer portion of the crusta of the cerebral pe- 
duncle and the pons into the internal geniculate body. 
T.'s column, the anterior or direct pyramidal tract. 
T.'s degeneration, secondary parenchymatous de- 
generation of the spinal nerve tracts. T.'s hemi- 
anesthesia, anesthesia affecting the functions of the 
posterior spinal roots of one side, at times also those 
of the nerves of special sense. It is caused by 
lesions of the posterior portion of the capsula and 
the contiguous region of the corona radiata. T.'s 
trachoma, granular laryngitis affecting the postero- 
internal wall of the larynx. Syn., laryngitis sicca. 

Tuffier's inferior ligament (toof-e-a') [Theodore 
Tuffier, French surgeon]. Mesentericoparietal fold; 
that portion of the enteric mesentery which is inserted 
into the iliac fossa. T.'s syndrome, a congenital state 
of general tissue debility, resulting in relaxation and 
displacement of various organs, such as splanchnop- 
tosis, varicocele, uterine displacements, etc. 

Tuffnell's bandage (tuf'-nel) [Thomas Joliffe Tuf- 
nell, English surgeon, 1819-1885]. An immovable 
bandage stiffened with a paste of white of egg and flour. 
It is also called egg-and-flour bandage. T.'s method, 
T.'s treatment. A treatment for aneurysm, consist- 
ing in absolute rest, dry diet, and the administration 
of potassium iodide. 

tuft, Malpighian. See Malpighian body. 

tugging, tracheal. See tracheal tugging. 

tulase (tu'-las). See Behring's tulase. 

tulipine (tu' -lip-en). A poisonous alkaloid from 
the tulip. 

Tully's powder [William Tully, American physi- 
cian, 1785-1859]- A powder containing morphine 
sulphate, 1 part; camphor, licorice, and calcium car- 
bonate, each, 20 parts. 

Tulpius' valve [Nicholas Tulp, Dutch physician, 
1593-1674]. The ileocecal valve. 

tumefacient (tu-me-fa' -shent) [tumefaction]. Swel- 
ling; swollen. 

tumefaction (tu-me-fak'-shun) [tumefacere, to cause 
to swell]. A swelling. 

tumenol (tu'-men-ol) [bitumen; oleum, oil]. A sul- 
phonated preparation of certain hydrocarbons. It 
may be used in three forms: 1. tumenol itself, a 
dark-brown or brownish-black liquid; 2. tumenol 
sulphone, an aromatic, syrupy liquid; 3- tumenol 



TUMESCENCE 



913 



TURNING 



sulphonic acid, a black powder, soluble in water. A 
10 per cent, tincture is used in the itching dermatoses. 

tumescence (tu-mes'-ens) [tumescere, to swell]. 
The condition of growing tumid; a swelling. 

tumescent (tu-mes'-ent) [tumescere, to become swol- 
len]. Swelling or enlargement. 

tumid (Jtu'-mid) [see tumescence]. Swollen. 

tumidity (tu-mid' -it-e) [tumidus, swollen]. The 
state of being swollen. 

tumor (tu'-mor) [lumere, to swell], i. A swelling. 
2. A new growth not the result of inflammation. The 
appended classification is based, at least as regards 
classes A and B, on the blastodermic origin of the 
dominant tissue of the tumor. 3. A mass of cells, 
tissues, or organs, resembling those normally present 
in the body, but arranged atypically, growing at the 
expense of the body, but subserving no useful purpose 
therein, t. albus, white swelling; tuberculous en- 
largement of a joint, t., benign, one which does not 
give rise to metastasis or recur after removal, t., 
cystic, one made up of cysts, t., dentinoid, a dental 
osteoma arising from the crown of a tooth, t., fibroid, 
a fibroma, t., Gubler's, a prominence on the back 
of the wrist seen in wrist-drop, t., gummous or 
gummy, a syphilitic gumma, t., heterologous, one 
composed of tissue differing from that in which it 
grows, t., histoid, one composed of a single tissue. 
t., homologous, one composed of tissue resembling 
that from which it grows, t., malignant, one which 
gives metastasis or recurs, or does both, and eventu- 
ally destroys life, t., mucous, a myxoma, t., mus- 
cular, a myoma, t., phantom, an apparent tumor due 
to flatus or contraction of a section of an abdominal 
muscle; it is seen in hysterical patients, t., potato, an 
endothelioma derived from the carotid body, t., 
sebaceous, one of a sebaceous gland; an atheroma. 
t., splenic, a term sometimes applied to an enlarged 
spleen, t., teratoid, a teratoma. 



A. Mesodermic Tumors. 



1. Sarcoma. 



2. Fibroma. 

3. Myxoma. 

4. Lipoma. 

5. Chondroma. 

6. Osteoma. 

7. Hemangioma. 

8. Lymphangioma. 

9. Myoma. 



(Large. 
Small. 
Lympho- 
sarcoma. 
/Large. 
( Small. 



Round-cell. 



Spindle-cell. 

Giant-cell. 

Melanotic. 

Alveolar. 

Endothelioma. 

Angiosarcoma. 

Cylindroma. 

Chloroma. 

Psammoma. 
/Hard. 
1 Soft. 



/ Hyaline. 

I Fibrous. 

/ O. durum or O. eburneum. 

\ O. spongiosum, O. medullare. 

/ Telangiectatic. 

( Cavernous. 

J Simple. 

\ Cystic. 

/ Liomyoma. 

( Rhabdomyoma. 



B. Ectodermic and Entodermic Tumors. 



Glioma. 
Neuroma. 



3. Epithelioma. 



N. myelinicum. 
N. amyelinicum, 

Adenoma. 
Carcinoma. 



/ Tubular. 
X Racemose. 
( Squamous. 
< Cylindrical. 
( Glandular. 

C. simplex. 

C. papilli- 
ferum. 



Epithelial 
cystoma 

C. TeratoidTumors or Teratomata. 
Dermoid cyst. 
Cholesteatoma. 



tumoraffin (tu'-mor-af-fin) [tumor; affinity). Said 
of substances (drugs, radiant energy, etc.) which 
are supposed to have some special affinity for tumor 
cells. 



tumultus (tu-muV -tus) [L.]. Tumult, t. cordis, 
irregular heart-action, t. sermonis, a stuttering man- 
ner of reading, from pathologic cause. 

tungstate (tung'-stat). See under tungsten. 
tungsten (tung'-sten) [Swed., "heavy stone"]. A 
metallic element having a specific gravity of 19.26, 
an atomic weight of 184. Symbol W (from the 
German name Wolfram). It forms tungstic acid, 
H2WO4, the latter combining with bases to form tung- 
states, which are used as reagents. See elements, 
table of chemical. 

tungstic acid (tung'-stik). See under tungsten. 
tunic (tu'-nik) [tunica]. A coat or membrane; see 
tunica. ' 

tunica (tu'-nik-ah) [L.]. A tunic, t. adnata, the 
conjunctiva covering the eyeball, t. adventitia, the 
outer coat of an artery, t. albuginea corporum 
cavernosorum, the fibrous covering of the corpora 
cavernosa, t. albuginea oculi, the sclerotic coat of 
the eye. t. albuginea ovarii, the compact connective 
tissue immediately under the eptihelium of the cortex 
of the ovary, t. albuginea testis, the fibrous covering 
of the testis, t. extima, see t. adventitia. t. intima, 
the inner coat of an artery, t. media, the middle coat 
of an artery, t. ruyschiana, the layer of capillary 
vessels of the choroid coat of the eye. t. vaginalis, 
the serous covering of the testis derived from the 
peritoneum, t. vasculosa, the vascular layer of the 
testis, called also the pia mater of the testis; also the 
lamina vasculosa of the choroid. 

tunicin (tu'-nis-in), (C2H10O5). A substance ob- 
tained from the mantles of ascidians; considered by 
some as identical with vegetable cellulose, by some as 
identical with animal cellulose, and by others as a 
distinct body convertible into sugar. 

tuning-fork (turning-fork). A pronged, metallic 
instrument capable of vibrating so as to form a cer- 
tain definite note. 

tunnel-anemia. See ankylostomiasis. 
tunnel-disease. See (1) caisson-disease ; (2) anky- 
lostomiasis. 

tupelo (tu'-pel-o). The Nyssa grandidentata, of 
the order Cornacece. Its root has been used for mak- 
ing tents (tupelo-tent). 

turacin (tu'-ras-in) [African, turakoo], A crimson 
coloring-matter obtained from the feathers of the 
turakoo. It is slowly soluble in water, but easily 
soluble in alkaline fluids, and contains about 6 per 
cent, of copper. 

turbid pneumonia. A term applied to the indis- 
tinct pneumonic symptoms following injections of 
tuberculin; it is also called injection pneumonia. 

turbinal (tur'-bin-al) [turbo, top]. 1. Turbinated. 
2. A turbinated bone. 

turbinated (tur'-bin-a-ted) [turbinal]. Top-shaped; 
scroll-shaped, t. bodies, the turbinated bones with 
their covering of vascular and mucous membrane. 
t. bone, one of the three (superior, middle, and infe- 
rior) bony projections uponthe outer wall of each nasal 
fossa. They are covered by an erectile vascular 
mucous membrane. 

turbinectomy (tur-bin-ek'-to-me) [turbinal; i/cron-h, a 
cutting out]. Excision of a turbinated bone. 

turbinotome (tur'-bin-ot-om). An instrument used 
in turbinotomy. 

turbinotomy (tur-bin-ot'-o-me) [turbinal; row, a 
cutting]. Incision into a turbinated bone. 

turbo cerebri [L., "the top-shaped-body of the 
brain"]. The pineal body. 

turgescence (tur-jes'-ens) [turgid]. Swelling. 
turgid (tur'-jid) [turgidus, swollen]. Swollen; con- 
gested. 

turgometer (tur-gom'-et-er) [turgor, swelling; ukrpov, 
measure]. An apparatus to determine the degree or 
amount of turgescence. 

turgor (tur'-gor) [L., "a swelling"]. Active hyper- 
emia; turgescence. t. vitalis, the normal fulness of 
the blood-vessels. 

Turlington's balsam (tur' -ling-tun). The com- 
pound tincture of benzoin. 

turmeric (iur'-mer-ik). See curcuma. 
turmerol (tur'-mer-ol). An oily substance derived 
from turmeric. 

turn. 1. To cause to revolve about an axis. 2. 
To change the position of the fetus so as to facilitate 
delivery, t. of life, see menopause. 

Turner's cerate. The ceratum calamine or oint- 
ment of calamin (20 per cent.). T.'s yellow, same 
as Cassel yellow. 

turning (turn'-ing). See version. 



TURPENTINE 



914 



TYMPANY 



turpentine (tur' -pen-tin) [repe^Lvdos, terebinth]. A 
concrete or liquid oleoresin obtained from various 
species of Conifera. The ordinary or white turpen- 
tine (terebinthina, U. S. P.; thus americanum, B. P.), 
derived from Pinus palustris and other species of 
Pinus, contains a volatile oil, oil or spirits of turpen- 
tine, t.-camphor, terpene hydrochlorate. t., Can- 
ada (terebinthina canadensis, U. S. P., B. P.), is ob- 
tained from Pinus balsamea, and under the name of 
Canada balsam is used as a mounting medium in 
microscopy, t., Chian, collected on the island of 
Chios, from Pistacia terebinthus, was formerly used in 
cancer, t., common European, t., Bordeaux, is ob- 
tained from several species of pine; chiefly Pinus syl- 
vestris and Pinus maritima. It yields large quanti- 
ties of oil of turpentine, t., confection of (confectio 
terebinthina, B. P.). Dose §-i dr. (2-4 Gm.). t., 
enema of (enema terebinthina, B. P.), oil of turpen- 
tine, 1 oz.; mucilage of starch, 15 oz. t. liniment 
(linimentum terebinthina, U. S. P., B. P.), resin cerate 
and oil of turpentine, t., liniment of, and acetic 
acid (linimentum terebinthina aceticum, B. P.), oil of 
turpentine, acetic acid, liniment of camphor, of each, 
1 oz. t., oil of (oleum terebinthina, U. S. P., B. P.), 
a volatile oil, recently distilled from turpentine. 
When pure, it consists only of carbon and hydrogen, 
but on exposure absorbs oxygen. Oil of turpentine 
is stimulant, diuretic, and anthelmintic; in large doses 
it acts as a cathartic; locally it is a rubefacient. In 
overdoses it acts as an irritant, especially to the kid- 
neys, producing bloody urine and strangury. It is 
used as a stimulant in typhoid and other low fevers; 
in tympanites; as a hemostatic; in chronic renal dis- 
eases, dysentery, and whooping-cough; as an inha- 
lation in bronchitis; as a cathartic in the form of 
enema, and as a teniafuge. Dose 5-30 min. (0.32- 
2.0 Cc). t., oil of, emulsion of (emulsum olei tere- 
binthina, U. S. P.). Dose 1 dr. (4 Cc). t., oil of, 
rectified (oleum terebinthina rectificatum, U. S. P.). 
Dose 5-30 min. (0.32-2.0 Cc). t., ointment of (un- 
guentum terebinthina, B. P.), used on burns, t., 
Strasburg, a variety derived from Abies picea. t., 
Venice, a variety obtained from Larix europaa; it 
yields oil of turpentine. 

turpentole (tur'-pen r tdl). A purified petroleum. 

turpeth (tur'-peth) [Pers., turbad, a purgative root]. 
The Ipomaa turpethum, a purgative plant resembling 
jalap, found in Asia, t. mineral, the yellow, or sub- 
sulphate of mercury, used as an emetic. See mer- 
cury subsulphate. - 

turpethin (tur'-peth-in), C34H66O13. A resin ob- 
tained from the root of Ipomaa turpethum. 

turps. The trade-name for oil of turpentine. 

turtle (tur'-tl) [A corruption of tortoise]. A tor- 
toise; a member of the testudinata. t. -back nail. See 
nail, t.-lung. See bronchiectasis. 

turunda, turundula (tu-run'-dah, tu-run' -du-lah) 
[L.: pi., turunda, turundula]. A surgical tent. 

tussal (tus'-al) [tussis, cough]. Pertaining to or 
of the nature of a cough. 

tussedo (lus-e'-do). Tussis. 

tussicular (tus-ik'-u-lar) [tussicula, a slight cough]. 
Characterized by a slight cough. 

tussiculation (tus-ik-u-la'-shun). A hacking cough. 

tussilago (tus-il-a'-go). A genus of plants of the 
order Composita. The leaves of T. farfara, coltsfoot, 
and also other parts of the plant are used as a de- 
mulcent in pulmonary affections associated with 
cough. 

tussis (tus'-is) [L.]. A cough, t. convulsiva, 
whooping-cough. 

tussive (tus'-iv) [tussis]. Pertaining to or caused 
by cough. 

tussol (tus'-ol). Antipyrine mandelate. . 

tutamen (tu-ta'-men) [L., defense: pi., tutamina]. 
A defense or protection, tutamina cerebri, the skull 
and meninges of the brain, t. oculi, the appendages 
of the eyes — the lids, brows, lashes, etc. 

tutty (tut'-e) [Tamul word, tutum]. Impure oxide 
of zinc deposited as an incrustation on the chimneys 
of furnaces during the smelting of lead ores containing 
zinc; used as an external desiccant when pulverized. 

T. V. Abbreviation of tuberculin volution, a prin- 
ciple said to exist in the tubercle bacillus. 

twang. A personal quality of the voice, usually 
nasal. 

tween-brain (twin' -bran). See diencephalon. 

tweezers (twe'-zers). See volsella. 

twelfth cranial nerve. The hypoglossal nerve. 
See under nerve. 



twilight sleep. A method of childbirth popularly 
supposed to be painless; but it is the memory of the 
pain that is abolished, and not the pain itself. The 
method is not without danger, and its value is still 
undecided. "The patient is delivered in a delirium" 
(Lequeux). 

twin. One of two individuals born at the same 
birth. 

twitch (twich). To give a short, sudden pull or 
jerk; see also, uvular twitch, t.-grass, triticum repens; 
see triticum. 

twitching (twich' -ing). An irregular spasm of a 
minor extent. 

twixt-brain (twikst'-bran). See diencephalon. 

T.X. Symbol of a derivative of tuberculin pre- 
pared by Behring. 

tyle (ti'-le) [tvKos, a knob]. A callus. 

tylion (til'-e-on) [tyle]. A craniometric point on 
the anterior border of the optic groove in the mesal 
line. 

tyloma (ti-lo'-mah) [tyle]. A callus. 

tylosis (ti-lo'-sis) [tyle]. 1. A state characterized 
by the formation of callus. 2. A form of blepharitis 
with thickening and hardening of the edge of the lid. 
t. linguae, same as leukoplakia buccalis. 

tylosteresis (ti-lo-ster-e'^sis) [tvKos, knot; artptiv, to 
deprive]. Extirpation or removal of a callosity. 

tylotic (ti-lot'-ik) [ruXos, a knot]. Pertaining to, 
affected with, or of the nautre of tylosis. 

tympanal (tim'-pan-al). See tympanic ring. 

tympanectomy (tim-pan-ek'-to-me) [tympanum ; 
iicTOfiTi, a cutting out]. Excision of the tympanic 
membrane. 

tympania (tim-pan' -e-ah) . Same as tympanites. 

tympanic (tim-pan' -ik) [tympanum]. Pertaining to 
the tympanum, t. bone, t. plate, the thin plate of 
bone separating the tympanum from the cranial 
cavity, t. membrane. See membrane, tympanic, t. 
ring, an osseous ring forming part Of the temporal 
bone at the time of birth and which develops into the 
tympanic plate, t. tegmen, the bony plate forming 
the roof of the tympanum. 

tympanichord (tim-pan' -ik-ord) [tympanum; xopS-h, 
a string]. The chorda tympani, a branch of the 
facial nerve. 

tympanichordal (tim-pan-ik-or'-dal). Pertaining to 
the tympanichord. 

tympanicity (tim-pan-is'-it-e). The quality of be- 
ing tympanic. 

tympaniform (tim-pan' -if -or m). Shaped like a 
tympanum. 

tympanism (tim'-pan-izm) [tympanum]. Disten- 
tion with gas; tympanites. 

tympanites (tim-pan-i'-tez) [tympanum]. A dis- 
tention of the abdominal walls from accumulation of 
gas in the intestine or peritoneal cavity. 

tympanitic (tim-pan-it'-ik) [tympanites]. Caused 
by or of the nature of tympanites, t. abscess, an 
abscess containing air. t. resonance, the note ob- 
tained on percussing a cavity distended with gas. 

tympanitis (tim-pan-i'-tis) [tympanum; ins, inflam- 
mation]. Inflammation of the tympanum; otitis 
media. 

tympanoeustachian (tim-pan-o-u-sta'-ke-an) [tym- 
panum; Eustachian]. Pertaining to the tympanum 
and the Eustachian tube. 

tympanohyal (tim-pan-o-hi'-al) [tympanum; hyoid]. 
A small cartilage of the human fetus subsequently 
fusing with the styloid process of the temporal bone. 

tympanomalleal (tim-pan-o-maV -e-al) [tympanum ; 
malleus]. Pertaining to the tympanic bone and the 
malleus. 

tympanomandibular (tim-pan-o-man-dib'-u-lar) 

[tympanum ; mandible]. Pertaining to the tympanum 
and the mandible. 

tympanomastoiditis (tijn-pan-o-mas-toid-i'-tis) . 

Inflammation of the tympanum and mastoid cells. 

tympanophony (tim-pan-of'-o-ne). See autophony 2). 

tympanosis (tim-pan-o'-sis). Tympanites. 

tympanosquamosal (tim-pan-o-skwa-mo'-sal) [tym- 
panum; squama, scale]. Common to the tympanic 
and the squamosal bone. 

tympanotomy (tim-pan-ot'-o-me) [tympanum; tout), 
a cutting]. Incision of the membrana tympani. 

tympanous (tim'-pan-us). Distended with gas; 
relating to tympanism. 

tympanum (tim'-pan-um) [rvurravov, drum]. The 
middle ear. 

tympany (tim'-pan-e). 1. Tympanites. 2. A tym- 
panitic percussion-note. 



TYNDALLIZATION 



915 



TYPHUS 



tyndallization (tin-dal-iz-a'-shun) [John Tyndall, 
English physicist, 1820-1893]. See sterilization, in~ 
termittent. 

type (tip) [rvnos, a stamp]. Imprint; emblem; 
symbol; character. A normal average example. In 
pathology, the distinguishing features of a fever, dis- 
ease, etc., whereby it is referred to its proper class. 
t., test, see test-types. 

typembryo (ti-pem'-bre-o) [type; embryo]. That 
stage or period in the development of an embryo 
when the characteristics of the main type to which it 
belongs are first discoverable. 

typewriters' backache. An occupation-neurosis; 
it is said to be best guarded against by the use of a 
high seat and a footstool. 

typewriter's cramp. See under spasms, fatigue. 

typhase (ti'-fas) . The special bacteriolytic enzyme 
of Bacillus typhi abdominalis. 

typhemia, typhaemia (ti-fe'-me-ah) [rwpos, smoke; 
nlfia, blood]. The presence of typhoid bacilli in the 
blood. 

typbiever (tif-fe'-ver). Typhoid or typhus fever. 

typhia (ti'-fe-ah). See fever, typhoid. 

typhinia (ti-fin'-e-ah). Synonym of relapsing fever. 

typhization (tif-iz-a' -shun) . 1. Infection with ty- 
phoid or typhus fever. 2. Preventive inoculation 
with typhoid vaccine. 

typhlatony, typhlatonia (tif-lat'-on-e, tif-lat-o' -ne-ah) 
[typhlo-; atony]. An atonic condition of the wall of 
the cecum, generally due to a catarrhal condition. 

typhlectomy (tif-lek'-to-me) [typhlo-; wtom, excis- 
sion]. Excision of the cecum. 

typhlenteritis (tif-len-ter-i'-tis) [rvcp\6s, blind; 
IvTtpov, bowel; ins, inflammation]. Typhlitis. 

typhlitis (tif-Ii'-tis) [rv<p\6v, cecum; ins, inflamma- 
tion]. Inflammation of the cecum. 

typhlo- (tif-lo-) [tv4>\6v, cecum]. A prefix signifying 
relating to the cecum. 

typhlocele (tif'-lo-sel). See cecocele. 

typhlodicliditis (tif-lo-di-kli-di'-tis) [typhlo- ; SucXis, a 
folding door; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of 
the ileocecal valve. 

typhlo empyema (tif-lo-em-pi-e'-mah) [typhlo-; em- 
pyema]. Abscess attending typhlitis or appendicitis. 

typhloenteritis (tif-lo-en-ter-i'-tis). See typhlitis. 

typhloid (tif'-loid) [™0X6s, blind]. Having defec- 
tive vision. 

typhlolithiasis (tif-lo-lith-i'-as-is) [typhlo- ; lithiasis]. 
The formation of calculi in the cecum. 

typhlology (tif-lol'-o-je) [rv<f>\6s, blind; Xoyos, sci- 
ence], The science of blindness. 

typhlomyxorrhea, typhlomyxorrhoea (tif-lo-miks-or- 
e'-ah) [typhlo-; iiv£a, mucus; pelv, to flow]. Evacua- 
tion of mucus derived from the cecum. 

typhlopexy (tif'-lo-pek-se) [typhlo-; irrjfe, fixation]. 
Operation of fixing the cecum to the abdominal wall. 

typhlosis (tif-lo' -sis) [rv<p\bs, blind]. Blindness. 

typhlosole (tif'-lo-sot) [typhlo-; acdXriv, tube]. A 
tube lying in the dorsal middle line of the intestine of 
certain worms (Lumbricidce) . 

typhlospasm (tif -lo-spazm) [typhlo-; spasm]. 
Spasm of the cecum. 

typhlostenosis (tif-lo-sten-o'-sis) [typhlo-; stenosis]. 
Stenosis of the cecum. 

typhlostomy (tif-los'-to-me) [typhlo-; arbixa, mouth]. 
A form of colostomy in which the opening is made in 
the cecum. 

typhlotomy (tif-lot'-o-me) [typhlo-; to/xt), a cutting]. 
Division or section of the cecum. 

typho- (ti-fo-) [typhoid]. A prefix meaning relating 
to typhoid or of a typhoid character. 

typhobacillosis (ti-fo-bas-il-o'-sis) [typho-; bacillus]. 
The systemic poisoning produced by the toxins formed 
by the typhoid bacillus. 

typhobacterin (ti-fo-bdk' -ter-in) . A vaccine pre- 
pared from the typhoid bacillus. 

typhogenic (ti-fo-jen'-ik) [rv(f>os, stupor; yewai', to 
producej. Producing typhus or typhoid fever. 

typhoid (ti'-foid) [rv<t>os, stupor; elSos, like]. Resem- 
bling typhus, t., abenteric, typhoid fever involving 
other organs than those of the intestinal tract, t., 
abortive, is characterized by abrupt onset of symp- 
toms, which subside quickly, convalescence following 
in a few days, t., afebrile, typhoid fever with the 
usual symptoms, positive diazo and Widal reaction, 
presence of rose-spots, but absence of increased tem- 
perature, t., ambulatory, typhoid fever in which the 
patient does not, or will not, take to his bed. t. car- 
rier. See carriers, t. condition, see typhoid state. 
t. fever, enteric fever, abdominal typhus, ileotyphus. 



An infectious disease caused by Bacillus typhosus dis- 
covered by Eberth. It is introduced into the body 
with the food and drinking-water, and is found in the 
intestine, the spleen, and the fecal discharges, but may 
also occur in the various complicating lesions. The 
principal lesions of typho'd fever are an enlargement 
and necrosis of Peyer's patches, and enlargement of 
the spleen and the mesenteric glands. The mucous 
membrane of the intestine is also the seat of a catarrh- 
al inflammation. After a period of incubation of from 
two to three weeks the disease sets in with weakness, 
headache, vague pains, a tendency to diarrhea, and 
nose-bleed. The temperature gradually rises, being 
higher each evening than the previous evening, and 
reaches its maximum (io4°-ios° F.) in from one to 
two weeks. It then remains at this level for from 
one to two weeks, and finally sinks by lysis. The 
pulse is soft and dicrotic, but often not so rapid as 
would be expected from the high temperature. The 
tongue is at first coated on the dorsum and red at the 
tip and edges, but soon becomes dry, brown, and trem- 
ulous, and, like the teeth and lips, covered with sordes. 
There is usually complete anorexia, the bowels are 
loose, and the stools have a peculiar "pea-soup" color. 
At times constipation exists. Slight congestion of 
the lungs with cough is usually present. On the 
seventh, eighth, or ninth day the peculiar eruption 
appears — it consists of small, slightly elevated, rose- 
colored spots, disappearing on pressure, and coming 
out in successive crops. Nervous symptoms are 
prominent in typhoid fever, and are headache, slight 
deafness, stupor, muttering delirium, carphology, sub- 
sultus tendinum, and coma vigil. Complications are 
frequent, the most important being intestinal hemor- 
rhage, perforation of the bowel, peritonitis, pneu- 
monia, and nephritis. Relapses are fairly common, 
although second attacks are rare. t. state, the con- 
dition of stupor and hebetude, with dry, brown tongue, 
sordes on the teeth, rapid, feeble pulse, incontinence 
of feces and urine, and rapid wasting, seen in typhoid 
fever and other continued fevers, t. vaccination, 
vaccination against typhoid; see vaccination (2). t., 
walking, see t., ambulatory. 

typhoidal (ti-foi'-dal) [rwpos, stupor; elSos, like]. 
Resembling typhoid. 

typhoidet, typhoidette (ti-foi-def) [Fr.]. A mild 
or benign type of typhoid fever. 

typhoid spine, a neurosis sometimes following ty- 
phoid fever, characterized by the production of acute 
pains in the vertebral column on the slightest move- 
ment. 

typhoin (ti'-fo-in). A preparation of dead typhoid 
bacilli used by injection in the treatment of typhoid 
fever. 

typholysin (ti-fol'-is-in) [typho-; lysin]. A hemoly- 
sin formed by the Bacillus typhosus. 

typhomalarial (ti-fo-mal-a'-re-al) [typho-; malaria]. 
Exhibiting symptoms of both typhoid and malarial 
fevers, t. fever, a fever exhibiting symptoms both 
of typhoid and of malarial fever, but probably ma- 
larial in nature. 

typhomania (ti-fo-ma' -ne-ah) [typho-; p.avla, mad- 
ness]. The lethargic state, with delirium, sometimes 
observed in typhus, typhoid, and other low fevers. 

typhonia (ti-fo' -ne-ah) . Same as typhomania. 

typhopaludism (ti-fo- pal'-u-dizm) [typho-; pallida, a 
marsh]. Fever of malarial origin accompanied by 
symptoms of typhoid. 

typhopneumonia (ti-fo-nu-mo' -ne-ah) [typho-; pneu- 
monia]. Pneumonia occurring in the course of ty- 
phoid fever. 

typhosepsis (ti-fo-sep'-sis). The systemic poison- 
ing of typhoid fever. 

typhosis (ti-fo' -sis). See typhoid state, t., syph- 
ilitic, a form of intestinal neuralgia associated with 
secondary syphilis. 

typhotoxin (ti-fo-toks'-in) [typho-; to£uc6i>, poison]. 
A poisonous ptomaine produced by the typhoid 
bacillus. It is isomeric with the base C7H17NO2, ob- 
tained from putrefying horseflesh, and induces leth- 
argy, paralysis, and death. 

typhous (ti'-fus) [typhus]. Pertaining to or having 
the nature of typhus. 

typhus (ti'-fus) [tv<j>os, stupor]. An acute infec- 
tious and contagious disease chiefly characterized by 
a petechial rash, marked nervous symptoms, and a 
high fever, ending by crisis in from 10 to 14 days. 
The only peculiar lesions noted postmortem are a 
dark fluid state of the blood and a staining of the 
endocardium and intima of the blood-vessels. The 



TYPICAL 



916 



TZETZE 



disease is caused by the Bacillus typhi exanthemataci 
(Plotz). After a period of incubation of from a few 
hours to two weeks, the disease sets in abruptly with 
pains in the head, back, and limbs, the fever rising 
rapidly to 104 or 105 F. The nervous symptoms 
resemble those of typhoid fever. The eruption ap- 
pears on the fourth or fifth day as rose-colored spots 
scattered over all the body, and quickly becoming 
hemorrhagic. It does not disappear on pressure. 
The chief complications are hyperpyrexia, pneumonia 
and nephritis. Syn., jail-fever ; ship-fever, t., abdom- 
inal, typhoid fever, t. biliosus, same as Weil's 
disease, t. icterodes. Synonym of yellow fever, t. 
levissimus, a mild form of typhus, t. Mexican, 
Same as tabardillo, q. v. t. petechialis, cerebrospinal 
fever, t. recurrens, relapsing fever, t. siderans, a 
malignant form of typhus fever ending fatally in two 
or three days. 

typical (tip'-ik-al) [tvttos, a stamp]. Constituting 
a type or form for comparison ; illustrative ; complete. 

typoscope (ti'-po-skop) [rviros, a stamp; o-Koireiv, to 
look]. A small device to exclude extraneous light, 
for the use of cataract patients and amblyopes in 
reading. 

tyramine (W '-ram- en). A trade name applied to 
parahydroxyphenylethylamine. 

tyrannism (tir'-an-izm) [rvpawos, a tyrant]. Cru- 
elty of morbid inception, of which sadism is an erotic 
variety. 

Tyree's antiseptic powder. A proprietary prep- 
aration said to contain alum, sodium biborate, euca- 
lyptus, phenol, thymol, wintergreen, and peppermint; 
it is recommended for leukorrheal and purulent dis- 
charges. 

tyrein (ti'-re-in) [rvpbs, cheese]. Coagulated casein. 

tyremesis (ti-rem'-es-is) [rvpds, cheese; tp.e<ns, a 
vomiting]. The vomiting of caseous matter; an ail- 
men t^ common among nursing infants. 

tyriasis (tir-i'-as-is). 1. Elephantiasis. 2. Alopecia. 

tyro- (ti-ro-) [rvpds, cheese]. A prefix meaning 
cheese or cheese-like. 

tyroid (ti'-roid) [tyro-; elSos, like]. Cheese-like. 



tyroleucin (ti-ro-lu'-sin) [tyro-; leucin. A sub- 
stance obtained from decomposing albumin. 

tyroma (ti-ro'-mah) [tyro-; fyia, tumor]. 1. A case- 
ous mass. 2. A tuberculous tumor. 

tyromatosis (ti-ro-ma-to'-sis). Caseation. 

tyrosal (ti'-ro-sal). See salipyrine. 

tyrosin (ti'-ro-sin) [rvpbs, cheese], C9H11NO3. A 
crystalline amidoacid, a decomposition product of 
proteids. t., tests for. See Hoffmann, Piria, Scher- 
er, (von) Udransky, Wurster. 

tyrosinase (ti-ro' -sin-as) [tyrosin]. An oxidizing 
enzyme found in many fungi, and in dahlia and beet- 
root. It acts upon all the cresols. 

tyrosinuria (ti-ro-sin-u' -re-ah) [tyrosin; urine]. 
The presence of tyrosin in the urine. 

tyrosis (ti-ro'-sis) [rvpbs, cheese]. Caseation. 

Tyrothrix (ti-ro' -thriks) [rvpbs, cheese; 0pi£, hair], 
A genus of Schizomycetes. 

tyrotoxicon (ti-ro-toks'-ik-on) [tyro-; rol-uibv, a poi- 
son]. A ptomaine obtained from poisonous cheese, 
milk, ice-cream, etc. It induces vertigo, nausea, 
vomiting, chills, rigors, severe pains in the epigastric 
region, dilatation of the pupils, griping and purging, a 
sensation of numbness or of pins and needles, espe- 
cially in the limbs, and marked prostration or even 
death. The poison is thought to be the cause of many 
cases of summer diarrhea of infants. 

tyrotoxin (ti-ro-toks'-in) [see tyrotoxicon]. A curara- 
like poison from poisonous cheese; it is not identical 
with tyrotoxicon. 

tyrotoxism (ti-ro-toks'-izm). Cheese-poisoning. 

Tyrrell's fascia (tir'-el) [Frederick Tyrrell, English 
physician, 1707-1843]. See Denonvillier's fascia. 
T.'s hook, a blunt, slender hook used in certain oper- 
ations upon the eye, as in iridectomy. 

Tyson's glands (ti'-sun) [Edward Tyson, English 
anatomist, 1640-1708]. The sebaceous glands of the 
corona glandis and the inner layer of the prepuce 
secreting the smegma. 

T.Z. Symbol of tuberculin zymoplastiche ; the dried 
residue of tubercle bacilli, soluble in alcohol. 

tzetze. Same as tsetse. 



U. i. The chemical symbol of uranium. 2. Ab- 
breviation for unit. 3. Symbol for kilurane q. v. 

uabain. See ouabain. 

uarthritis (u-ar-thri'-tis). See Arthritis urica. 

uber (u'-ber) [L., udder; gen., uberis; pi., ubera]. 
The mamma; also the nipple, uberis apex, the nip- 
ple. 

uberous {u'-ber-us) [uber, fruitful]. Fruitful, pro- 
lific. 

uberty (ii'-ber-te) [uber, udder]. Fertility; pro- 
ductiveness. 

ucambin, ukambin (u-kam'-bin). An African arrow- 
poison with the effects of strophanthin, but more 
powerful. 

udder {ud'-er). The mammary apparatus, es- 
pecially of the cow. 

(von) TJdransky's test for bile acids (oo-dran'-ske) 
[Laszlo von Udrdnsky, Austrian physiologist]. To 
1 Cc. of a watery or alcoholic solution of the sub- 
stance add one drop of a 0.1% watery solution of 
furfurol, and underlay with 1 Cc. of concentrated 
sulphuric acid; then cool. In the presence of bile 
acids a red color with a shade of blue will be produced. 
v. U.'s test for tyrosin, to 1 Cc. of a solution of the 
substance add one drop of a o.j r c watery solution of 
furfurol, and underlay with 1 Cc. of concentrated 
sulphuric acid. The mixture becomes pink. The 
mixture should not rise above 50 C. 

Uffelmann's test for hydrochloric acid in the con- 
tents of the stomach (oo'-fel-mann) [Julius Uffel- 
mann, German physician, 1837-1804]. Strips of fil- 
ter-paper saturated in an extract of bilberries in 
amylic alcohol and dried, when dipped into the con- 
tents of a stomach containing HC1, will be turned 
pink. U.'s test for lactic acid in the contents of the 
stomach, make a mixture of 10 Cc. of a 4% solution 
of phenol, 20 Cc. of water, and a few drops of ferric 
chloride solution; this will have a blue coloration. 
Add the liquid to be tested, and in the presence of 
lactic acid a vellow coloration will result. 

Uhlenhuth's test (oo'-len-hoot) [Paul Uhlenhuth, 
German bacteriologist, 1870- ]. A method of ex- 
amination of tubercle bacilli in sputum, by adding 
antiformin. 

Uhthoff' s sign (oot'-hof) [Wilhelm Uhthoff, German 
ophthalmologist, 1853- ]• The nystagmus of mul- 
tiple cerebrospinal sclerosis. 

ukambin. See ucambin. 

ula (u'-lch) [ov\ov, gum]. The gums. 

ulaemorrhagia. See ulemorrhagia. 

ulaganectesis (u-lag-an-ek'-te-sis) [oi\ov, gum; 
6.yavaKTT)ais, irritation]. Irritation or uneasy sensa- 
tions in the gums. 

ulatrophia (fi-lat-ro' -fe-ah) [ov\ov, gum; arpo^ia, 
atrophy]. A shrinkage of the gums. 

ulcer (ul'-ser) [ulcus, ulcer]. A loss of substance 
occurring on the skin or mucous membranes, and due 
to a gradual necrosis of the tissues, u., Aden. See 
phagedcena tropica, u., adherent, an ulcer of the skin, 
the base of which becomes adherent to the underlying 
fascia, u., Anamite, a phagedenic sore of hot coun- 
tries; it is very unyielding to treatment, u. ampu- 
tating, an ulcerating process encircling a part and 
destroying the tissues to the bone, u., arterial, a 
superficial ulcer due to arterial disease, u., athero- 
matous, a loss of substance in the wall of an artery 
or the endocardium, due to the breaking down of 
an atheromatous patch, u., atonic, an ulcer which 
has unhealthy granulations, with little or no tendency 
to cicatrization. u., autochthonous, chancre, u., 
carious, an ulcer producing gangrene, u., catarrhal, 
a form of intestinal ulcer due to a superficial loss of 
epithelial cells, u., chancroidal, a chancroid, u., 
creeping, a serpiginous ulcer, u., Curling's, an ulcer 
of the duodenum observed after severe burns of the 
body, u., endemic, an ulcer more or less local as 
regards countries in which it is found, as Aleppo 
boil, u., erethistic, a name given to an extremely 



sensitive ulcer, such as about the anus or the matrix 
of the nails, u., fissurated, laceration of the cervix 
uteri, u., fistulous, an ulceration communicating 
with a fistula, u., follicular, a small ulcer on a mu- 
cous membrane having its origin in a lymph-follicle, 
u., fungous, one covered by fungous granulations, 
u., gastric, perforating ulcer of the lining membrane 
of the stomach, u., hard, a chancre, u., indolent, 
one with an indurated, elevated edge and a nongran- 
ulating floor, usually occurring on the leg. u., in- 
flamed, one surrounded by marked inflammation, 
u., Jacob's. See u., rodent, u., lipoid, an ulcer- 
ation resembling lupus, u., menstrual, an ulcer from 
which vicarious menstruation takes place, u., Mar- 
jolin's, an ulcer having for its seat an old cicatrix, 
u., peptic. See peptic ulcer, u., perforating, an ulcer 
that perforates the tissues of a part, particularly the 
foot or the stomach, u., phagedenic, one which 
rapidly eats away the tissues, u., phlegmonous. 
Synonym of u., inflamed, u., kissing, an ulcer oc- 
curring on two parts which are frequently or con- 
stantly in apposition, u., rodent, a form of ulcer, prob- 
ably epitheliomatous, which gradually involves and 
eats away soft tissues and bones, u., round, the 
peptic ulcer of the stomach, u., Saemisch's, an in- 
fectious ulcer of the cornea, u., serpiginous, one heal- 
ing in one place while spreading in another, u., sim- 
ple, a mild form of ulceration, not due to a poison or 
systemic disease, u., symptomatic, an ulcer indicative 
of general disease, u., tuberculous, one due to the 
tubercle bacillus, u., varicose, an ulcer due to vari- 
cose veins, u., venereal, chancre or chancroid, u., 
weak, one with exuberant and flabby granulations. 

ulcera (ul'-ser-a) [L., pi. of ulcus]. Ulcers. 

ulcerate (ul'-ser-at) [ulcer]. To become converted 
into or affected with an ulcer. 

ulcerated (ul'-ser-a-ted) [ulcus, ulcer]. Affected 
with ulceration. 

ulceration (ul-ser-a'-shun) [ulcer]. The formation 
of an ulcer; a process of liquefaction-necrosis or molec- 
ular death on a free surface. 

ulcerative (ul'-ser-a-tiv) [ulcer]. Pertaining to ul- 
ceration; characterized by ulceration. 

ulcerine (ul-ser-en r ) . An ointment used for x-ray 
bums. It contains belladonna, poppy, henbane, 
balsam of Peru and lard. 

ulcerous {ul'-ser-us) [ulcer]. Exhibiting ulceration; 
having the character of an ulcer. 

ulcus (jul'-kus) [L.: pi., ulcera]. An ulcer, u. can- 
crosum, (1) cancer; (2) rodent ulcer; (3) chancre, 
u. cruris, indolent ulcer of the leg. u. exedens, 
rodent ulcer, u. grave, Maduro foot. u. induratum, 
chancre, u. molle, chancroid, u. rodens, rodent 
ulcer, u. phagedaenicum, eating or phagedenic ulcer, 
u. tuberculosum, lupus, u. venereum, (1) chancre; 
(2) chancroid, u. venereum molle, chancroid, u. 
ventriculi, gastric ulcer. 

ulcuscle, ulcuscule, ulcusculum (ul-kus'-kl, ul- 
kus'-kiil, ul-kus'-ku-lum) [ulcusculum: pi., ulcuscula], 
A small ulcer. 

ule (u'-le) [011X17, a scar]. A cicatrix. 

ulectomy (u-lek'-io-me) [ovX-o, a scar; bcruuri, exci- 
sion]. Excision of scar tissue. 

ulegyria (u-le-ji'-re-ah) [011X17, a scar; yvpos, a cir- 
cle]. Convolutions in the cortex of the brain, made 
irregular by scar-formation. 

ulemorrhagia (u-lem-or-aj'-e-ah) [0&X17, a scar; 
alfia, blood; prjyyvpax, to break forth]. 1. Hemorrhage 
from a cicatrix. 2. [ovXov, the gum]. Bleeding of the 
gums. 

ulerythema (u-ler-ith-e'-mah) [ule; tpvfhiua, ery- 
thema]. An erythematous disease marked by the 
formation of cicatrices, u. centrifugum, lupus ery- 
thematosus, u. ophryogenes, ulerythema of the eye- 
brows with loss of hair. u. sycosiforme, Unna's name 
for lupoid sycosis, a form in which keloid degenera- 
tion occurs in cicatrices resulting from follicular in- 
flammation. 



ULETIC 



918 



UMBILICUS 



uletic (u-let'-ik) [ov\ov, gum; ov\f), scar]. 1. Per- 
taining to the gums. 2. Pertaining to scars, cicatricial. 

uletomy (u-let'-o-me) [oliXf), a scar; tout), incision]. 
Incision of a cicatrix. 

ulexine (u-leks'-en) [ulex, a shrub], C1JH14N2O. An 
alkaloid from the seed of Ulex europceus, the common 
gorse of Europe. It is a local anesthetic and power- 
ful diuretic. 

ulitis (ii-li'-iis) [ulon; ins, inflammation]. Inflam- 
mation of the gums. 

ulmarene (ul' -mar-en). A mixture of definite 
quantities of salicylic ether and aliphatic alcohols; 
recommended as an external application in gout, 
rheumatism, etc. 

ulmus (ul'-mus) [L.]. Slippery elm. The ulmus 
of the U. S. P. is the dried bark of Ulmus fulva, or 
elm, of the order Urticacece. It is used as a demul- 
cent in diarrhea, dysentery, and diseases of the urinary 
tract; as a poultice in inflammations, and in the form 
of tents for dilating the os uteri, ulmi, mucilago (U. 
S. P.), mucilage of elm. 

ulna (ul'-nah) [L., "a cubit"]. The bone on the 
inner side of the forearm, articulating with the hu- 
merus and the head of the radius above and with the 
radius below. See bones, table of. 

ulnad {ul'-nad) [ulna]. Toward the ulnar aspect. 

ulnar (ul'-nar) [ulna]. 1. Pertaining to or in re- 
lation with the ulna, as the ulnar artery, ulnar nerve. 
2. Pertaining to the ulnar artery or ulnar nerve, u. 
phenomenon, a condidion of analgesia of the trunk 
of the ulnar nerve on one side, mostly absent in gen- 
eral paralytics but generally found in other insane 
patients. 

ulnare (ul-na'-re). The cuneiform bone of the 
carpus. 

ulnaris (ul-na'-ris) [L.]. 1. Ulnar. 2. The ulnar 
muscle, a muscle on the ulnar side of the forearm; see 
muscles, table of. 

ulnen (ul'-nen) [ulna, ulna]. Belonging to the 
ulna in itself. 

ulnocarpal (ul-no-kar'-pal) [ulna; carpus]. Per- 
taining tothe ulna and the carpus. 

ulnoradial {ul-no-ra'-de-al) [ulna; radius]. Per- 
taining to the ulna and the radius. 

ulocace (u-lok'-as-e) [ov\ov, gum; kokos, evil]. Ul- 
cerative inflammation of the gums. 

ulocarcinoma (u-lo-kar-sin-o'-mah) [ulon; carci- 
noma]. Carcinoma of the gums. 

ulodermatitis (ii-lo-der-ma-ti'-tis) [oi\i), scar; Sepfia, 
skin; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the skin 
with formation of cicatrices. 

uloglossitis (u-lo-glos-i'-tis) [ov\ov, gum; y\u><raa, 
tongue; ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of gums 
and tongue. 

moid (u'-loid) [ule; eldos, like]. Scar-like. u. cica- 
trix. A scar-like lesion due to subcutaneous degen- 
eration. 

ulon (u'-lon) [oi>\ov, gum]. The gums. 

uloncus (u-long'-kus) [ulon; ojkos, a tumor]. A 
tumor or swelling of the gums. 

ulorrhagia (u-lor-a'-je-ah) [ulon; p-nyvwai, to burst 
forth]. Bleeding from the gums. 

ulorrhea, ulorrhoea (u-lor-e'-ah) [ulon; pola, flow]. 
Bleeding from the gums. 

ulosis (u-lo'-sis) [ule]. Cicatrization. 

ulotic (u-lot'-ik) [ulosis]. Pertaining to or tending 
toward cicatrization. 

ulotrichous (u-lot'-rik-us) [o5Xos, woolly; Opl£, hair]. 
Having woolly hair. 

ulsanin (ul'-san-in) [ulcus, ulcer; sanare, to heal]. 
Trade name of a preparation containing iodine and 
boric acid; used in treatment of ulcers, particularly 
of the larynx. 

ultimate (ul'-tim-at) [ullimus, last]. Farthest, or 
most remote, finaL u. analysis. See analysis, u. 
principle. See principle. 

ultimisternal (ul-tim-is-tur'-nal) [ultimus, last; 
sternum]. Pertaining to the last segment of the 
sternum. 

ultimum (ul-tim-um) [L.]. Last. u. moriens 
(last dying). 1. The right auricle; so called from the 
belief that it is the last part of the heart to cease its 
contractions. 2. The upper part of the trapezius 
muscle which usually escapes in progressive muscular 
atrophy. 

ultra- (ul-trah-) [L. beyond]. A prefix denoting 
excess. 

ultrabrachycephaly (ul'-trah-brak-is-ef-al-e) [ultra- ; 
brachycephaly], Brachycephaly in which the ce- 
phalic index exceeds 90 . 



ultradolicocephaly (ul'-lrah-dol-ik-o-sef-al-e) [ul- 
tra-; dolicocephaly], Dolicocephaly in which the ce- 
phalic index is less that 64 . 

ultrafiltration (ul-trah-fil-tra'-shun) [ultra-; filtra- 
tion]. Filtration by forcing under pressure a liquid 
through a filter which has been reinforced with some 
colloidal material. 

ultragaseous state (ul-trah-gas'-e-us). The state 
in which matter is supposed to be less ponderable 
than gas, or in which gas is rarefied to such an 
extent that its molecules do not collide; also called 
radiant matter. 

ultramicroscope (ul-trah-mi'-kro-skop) [ultra, be- 
yond; microscope]. A microscope for the examina- 
tion, by powerful side illumination, of objects be- 
yond the power of ordinary microscopes. 

ultramicroscopic (ul-trah-mi-kro-skop'-ik) . Too 
small to be seen by the aid of the microscope. 

ultramicroscopy (ul-trah-mi-kros'-ko-pe). The sci- 
entific use of the ultramicroscope. 

ultraquinine (ul-trah-kwin-en'). Homoquinine. . 

ultrared (ul-lrah-red'). Infra-red. 

ultratoxon (ul-trah-toks'-on) [ultra- ; toxon]. A toxin 
of a low degree of avidity. 

ultraviolet rays. See rays, ultraviolet. 

ultromotivity (ul-lro-mo-tiv'-it-e) [ultro, spontane- 
ously; motivity]. Power or capability of moving 
spontaneously. 

Ultzmann's reaction for bile-pigments (ooltz'-mahn) 
[Robert Ultzmann, German chemist, 1842-1889]. 
To 10 Cc. of the liquid add 3 or 4 Cc. of a caustic 
potash solution (1:3) and then an excess of hydro- 
chloric acid. In the presence of bile-pigments the 
solution will become emerald green. 

ululation (u-lu-la'-shun) [ululare, to howl]. A 
hysterical howling. 

ulyptol (u-lip'-tol). See eulyptol. 

umbel (um'-bel) [umbella, diminutive of umbra,. 
shade]. In botany, that form of indeterminate in- 
florescence in which the axis is very short and the 
pedicels radiate from it like the ribs of an umbrella. 

umbelliferon (um-bel-if'-er-on) [umbella, umbel; 
ferre, to bear], C9H6O3. Oxycoumarin. Fine nee- 
dles, sparingly soluble in hot water and ether. Found- 
in the bark of Daphne mezereum; it is obtained by 
distilling different resins, such as galbanum, asa- 
fetida, etc. 

Umbellularia (um-bel-u-la'-re-ah) [umbellula, a 
little umbel]. A genus of the Laurinece. The prin- 
cipal species, U. calif ornica, California laurel or spice 
tree, contains in its seeds a pungent volatile oil rec- 
ommended for inhalation in nasal catarrh; the leaves 
are used in neuralgic headache, colic, and atonic 
diarrhea. Dose of fiuidextract 10-30 min. (0.65-2 
Cc). 

umber {um'-ber) [umbra, shade]. A dark-brown 
pigment somewhat resembling ocher. 

Umber's test for scarlet fever. The solution 
consists of concentrated hydrochloric acid, 30 gm.; 
paradimethylamidobenzaldehyde, 2 gm.; water 70 Cc. 
Two drops of this solution are added to a small 
amount of urine, and a red coloration is said to denote 
scarlet fever. 

umbilical (um-bil'-ik-al) [umbilicus]: 1. Pertain- 
ing to the umbilicus, as the umbilical cord, umbilical 
vessels. 2. Pertaining to the umbilical cord or um- 
bilical vessels, u. arteries, the arteries of- the um- 
bilical cord. u. cord. See cord (2). u. duct. See 
duct. u. fissure, See fissure, u. region, the central 
of the regions into which the abdomen is divided for 
purposes of physical diagnosis, u. ring, the aperture, 
closed in the adult, through which the umbilical ves- 
sels pass in fetal life. u. souffle, the peculiar sound 
heard occasionally over the umbilical cord of the 
fetus, u. stalk, u. duct. u. vesicle, the part of the 
yolk-sac remaining outside of the embryo and sup- 
plying nutriment to it through the omphalomesaraic: 
duct. u. vessels, the umbilical arteries and veins. 

umbilicate, umbilicated {um-bil'-ik-at, um-bil'^ik- 
a-ied) [umbilicus]. Having a depression like that of 
the navel. 

umbilication (um-bil-ik-a'-shun) [umbilicus]. 1. A 
depression like that of the navel. 2. The state of 
being umbilicated. 

umbilicus (um-bil-i'-kus) [L.]. The navel; the 
round, depressed cicatrix in the median line of the 
abdomen, marking the site of the aperture which in 
fetal life gave passage to the umbilical vessels, u., 
posterior, a depression in the spinal region due to 
imperfect closure of the vertebral groove. 



UMBO 



919 



UNIPOLAR 



umbo (um'-bo) [L.: pi., umbones]. A boss or bos- 
selation; any central convex eminence, as, the umbo 
of the membrana tympani. 

umbonate (um'-bo-nat) [umbo]. Bossed; furnished 
with a low, rounded projection, like a boss (umbo). 

umbonation (um-bon-a' -shun) [umbo]. The for- 
mation of a low, rounded projection. -» 

umbrascopy (urn-bras' -ko-pe) [umbra, shadow; 
<TKo*eZv, to view]. See retinoscopy. 

unavoidable hemorrhage. See hemorrhage, un- 
avoidable. 

unazotized (un-az'-o-tizd) [un, not; azote]. De- 
prived of nitrogen. 

unbalance. See imbalance. 

unc. Abbreviation for uncia, an ounce. 

uncia (un'-se-ah) [L.]. (i) An ounce. (2) An 
inch. 

unciform (un'-se-form) [uncus; forma, form]. 
Hook-shaped, u. bone, a hook-shaped bone in the 
second row of the carpus, u. eminence, the hip- 
pocampus minor, u. process, a hook-shaped process 
on the ethmoid and other bones. 

unciforme (un-se-form'-e) [L.]. The unciform bone. 

uncinal (un'-sin-al). 1. Uncinate. 2. Furnished 
with hooks. 

Uncinaria (un-sin-a'-re-ah) [uncinus, a hook]. A 
genus of parasitic nematode worms. And see Anky- 
lostomum. U. americana, a species of hook worm 
found in the Southern States and the West Indies. 
0. duodenalis. See Ankylostomum. 

uncinariasis (un-sin-a-ri'-a-sis). Disease produced 
by parasites of the genus Uncinaria. Infection 
with hook-worm; hook-worm disease. Syn., anky- 
lostomiasis; dochmiasis ; hook-worm disease. 

uncinate (un'-sin-at) [uncus]. Hooked, u. con- 
volution, u. gyrus, the continuation of the hippo - 
campal convolution, or fornicate convolution, ending 
in a hook-like process near the end of the temporal 
lobe. _ 

uncinatum (un-sin-a' -turn) [uncinatus, hooked]. 
The unciform bone. 

uncipressure (un'-sip-resh-ur) [uncus; pressure]. 
A method of arresting hemorrhage by the use of two 
hooks dug into the sides of the wound so as to com- 
press the vessel. 

uncomplemented (un-kom'-ple-men-ted) [un, not; 
complement]. Not joined with complement, and 
therefore inactive. 

unconscious (un-kon'-shus) [un, not; consciens, 
knowing]. Not conscious, u. cerebration, see 
cerebration. 

unconsciousness (un-kon'-shus-nes) [un, not; con- 
sciens, knowing]. The state of being without sen- 
sibility, and having abolished reflexes. 

unction (unk'-shun) [unguere; to anoint]. 1. The 
act of anointing. 2. An ointment. 3. Calomel oint- 
ment. 

unctuous (unk'-tu-us) [unclus, an anointing]. 
Greasy; oily. 

uncture (unk'-tur) [unctus, an anointing]. An un- 
guent. 

uncus (ung'-kus) [L.]. 1. A hook. 2. The hook- 
like anterior extremity of the uncinate gyrus of the 
brain, u. gyri hippocampi, hook of the hippocampal 
gyrus. 

under. Below; beneath, u.-cut, in dentistry, a 
depression made beyond a general surface for the 
purpose of retaining a filling, u.-hung, applied to a 
projecting lower jaw. u.-jawed, same as underhung. 
u.-toe, a variety of hallux varus in which the great toe 
underlies its neighbors. 

undulant (un'-dii-lant) [unda, a wave]. Charac- 
terized by fluctuations, u. fever. See fever, Medi- 
terranean. 

undulation (un-du-la'-shun) [see undulant]. A 
wave-like motion: fluctuation, u. jugular, the ve- 
nous pulse, u., respiratory, the variations in the blood 
pressure due to respiration. 

undulatory (un' -du-lat-or-e) [see undulant]. Mov- 
ing like waves; vibratory. 

ung. Abbreviation for unguentum [L]., ointment. 

ungual (un'-gwal) [unguis; nail]. 1. Pertaining to 
a nail. 2. Resembling a nail in size, as the ungual 
bone (the lacrimal bone), u. phalanx, the terminal 
phalanx of the fingers and toes. 

unguent (uji'-gwent) . See unguentum. 

ung-iientine (un' -gwen-ten) . An alum and petro- 
leum ointment containing 2% of phenol and 5% of 
ichthyol. 

unguentum (un-gweri -turn) [L., ointment]. 1. An 



ointment. 2. See u. simplex, u. acidi tannici, oint- 
ment of tannic acid; tannic acid, 20 Gm.; glycerol, 
20 Gm. ; unguentum, 60 Gm. u. Crede, soluble silver 
is9c. incorporated in lard and 10% of wax added. It 
is scented with benzoinated ether; used in treatment 
of septic diseases, u. durum, an ointment base con- 
sisting of paraffin (solid), 4 parts; wool-fat, 1 part; 
liquid paraffin, 5 parts ; used for ointments containing 
liquid antiseptics, u. hydrargyri. See mercurial 
ointment, u. hydrargyri dilutum, blue ointment; 
mercurial ointment, 670 Gm., with petrolatum, 330 
Gm. u. iodi, iodine ointment; iodine, 4 Gm.; potas- 
sium iodide, 4 Gm.; glycerol,' 12 Gm.; benzoinated lard, 
80 Gm. u. molle, an ointment base consisting of solid 
paraffin, 11 parts; lanolin, 5 parts; and liquid paraffin, 
34 parts, u. potassii iodidi, ointment of potassium 
iodide ; potassium iodide, 10 Gm.; potassium carbon- 
ate, 0.6 Gm. ; water, 10 Gm. ; benzoinated lard, 80 Gm. 
u. simplex (unguentum, U. S. P.) consists of lard, 80 
parts, and wax 20 parts, u. stramonii. See stramo- 
nium ointment. 

ungues (un'-gwez) [pi. of unguis]. Nails, u. 
adunci, hooked nails; see onychogryposis. 

unguiculate (un-gwik'-u-lat) [unguis]. Having 
nails or claws. 

unguinal (un'-gwin-al) [unguis]. Pertaining to a 
nail or to the nails. 

unguis (un'-gwis) [L.]. 1. A nail. 2. The lac- 
rimal bone. 

ungula (un'-gil-lah) [L., "a claw"]. 1. An instru- 
ment for extracting a dead fetus from the uterus. 2. 
A hoof; a claw. 

ungulate (ung'-gu-lat) [ungula, hoof]. Having 
hoofs; applied to certain orders of mammalia. 

uni- (il-ne-) [unus, one]. A prefix denoting one. 

uniarticulate (u-ne-ar-tik'-u-lat) [uni-; articulus, 
joint]. Having but one joint. 

uniaxial (u-ne-aks'-e-al) [uni-; axis]. Having but 
one axis. 

unibasal (u-ne-ba'-sal) [uni-; basis, base]. Having 
but one base. 

unicamerate (u-ne-kam' -er-dt) [uni-; camera, cham- 
ber]. Having but one cavity; unilocular. 

unicellular (u-ne-seV -u-lar) [uni-; cellula, dim. of 
cella, a cell]. Composed of but one cell. 

unicentral (u-nis-en'-tral) [uni-; centrum, center]. 
Having a single center of growth. 

uniceptor (u'-ne-sep-tor) [uni-; caper e, to take]. 
An antitoxin or receptor which has only one uniting 
arm (viz., the haptophore group). 

unicism (u'-nis-izm) [unicus, single]. The belief 
that there is but a single venereal virus. 

unicorn (u'-he-korn) [uni-; cornu, horn]. Having 
a single horn. u. root. See Alelris. u. uterus, a 
uterus with but a single cornu. 

unicuspid (u-nik-us'-pid) [uni-; cuspis, point]. 1. 
Having but a single cusp (as a tooth). 2. A tooth 
with but a single cusp or point. 

unifilar (u-ne-fi'-lar) [uni-; filum, a thread]. Con- 
nected by one thread; furnished with one filament. 

uniflagellate (u-nif-laj'-el-dt) [uni-; flagellum, a 
tail]. Having a single flagellum. 

uniforate (u-nif'-o-rat) [uni-; foratus, pierced]. 
Having one opening. 

unigravida (u-ne-grav'-id-ah) [uni-; gravida, preg- 
nant]. A woman who is pregnant for the first time. 

unilaminar, unilaminate (u^ne-lam'-in-ar, -at) [uni-; 
lamina, a layer]. Occurring in a single layer. 

unilateral (u-ne-laf -er-al) [uni-; latus, side]. Per- 
taining to or affecting but one side. y 

unilobar, unilobed (u-ne-lo'-bar, u'-ne-lobd). Fur- 
nished with one lobe. 

unilocular (u-ne-lok' -u-lar) [uni-; loculus, dim. of 
locus, a place]. Having but one loculus or cavity. 

uninterrupted (un-in-ter-up'-ted) [un, not; inter- 
rupted]. Continouus; not broken]. 

uninuclear, uninucleated (u-ne-nu' -kle-ar , u-ne-nu'- 
kle-a-ted) [uni-; nucleus]. Having but a single nu- 
cleus. 

uniocular (u-ne-ok' -u-lar) [uni-; oculus, eye]. 1. 
Pertaining to or performed with one eye. 2. Having 
only one eye. 

union (un'-yun). Joining. See under healing. 

unioval (u-ne-o'-val) [uni-; ovum, egg]. Formed 
from one ovum. 

unipara (u-nip'-ar-ah) [uni-; par ere, to bear]. A 
woman who has borne but one child. 

uniparous (u-nip'-ar-us) [unipara]. 1. Having 
borne but one child. 2. Producing one at a birth. 

unipolar (u-ne-po'-lar) [uni-; polus, a pole]. 1. 



UNISEXUAL 



920 



URANYL 



Having but one pole or process. 2. Pertaining to one 
pole. 

unisexual (u-ne-seks'-u-al) [uni-; sexus, sex]. Pro- 
vided with the sexual organs of one sex only. 

unit (u'-nit) [unus, one]. 1. A single thing; a 
group considered as a whole or as forming one of many- 
similar groups composing a more complex body. 2. 
A quantity with which others are compared, u., 
antitoxic, see u., immunizing, u., C. G. S., a unit in 
the centimeter-gram-second system, u.s, electric, 
unit of capacity, the farad ; unit of current, the ampere ; 
unit of electromotive force, the volt; unit of power, the 
watt; unit of quantity, the' coulomb; unit of resistance, 
the ohm. u. of force, the dyne. u. of heat, the cal- 
ory, u. of length, u. of volume, u. of weight. See 
under weights and measures, u. of light, the light of a 
standard candle, i. e., a spermaceti candle burning 
120 grains an hour, u., physiological, a term used 
by Herbert Spencer to express a unit between the 
chemical and the morphological units in complexity, 
and of an aggregation of which units the body is 
composed, and which represents the character of 
the species, u., serum-, u., immunizing, according 
to Behring, 1 Cc. of an antitoxic blood-serum, of 
which 0.1 Cc. protects a guinea-pig of 500 grams 
against ten times the fatal dose of diphtheria toxin. 
u., toxic, the smallest dose of a toxin which is capable 
of proving fatal to a guinea-pig of about 250 grams 
weight, in three or four days. u. of work, the 
erg. 

unitary {u'-nit-a-re) [unit]. 1. Pertaining to or 
having the qualities of a unit. 2. Pertaining to 
monsters having the organs of a single individual. 
u. theory. 1. The theory that all disease is single 
in its nature. 2. The theory that the serum of each 
animal contains only one alexin or complement. 

univalence (ji-niv'-al-ens) [uni-; valere, to be 
worth]. The state of being univalent. 

univalent (u-niv'-al-ent) [uni- ; valere, to be worth]. 
Having a valence of one; capable of replacing a single 
hydrogen atom in combination. 

universal (u-niv-ur'-sal) [universalis]. General, 
u. joint, a ball-and-socket joint, movable in any 
direction. 

Unna's dermatosis (pon'-ah) [Paul Gerson Unna, 
German dermatologist, 1850- ]. Seborrhea. 
U.'s layer. See Langerhans' granular layer. U.'s 
papillary hair, a complete hair and hair-follicle. 
U.'s paste, a salve of zinc oxide in glycerine and 
mucilage of acacia ; used in skin lesions. U.'s plasma- 
cells, cubic or rhombic cells, found especially in 
granulomatous inflammations, the protoplasm of 
which stains deeply with methylene blue, while the 
nucleus is readily decolorized (by creosote or styrone) . 

unof . Abbreviation of unofficial. 

unofficial (un-of-ish'-al). Not included in the 
pharmacopeia; not sanctioned by recognized au- 
thority. 

unorganized (un-or'-gan-izd). Without organs; 
not arranged in the form of an organ or organs. 

unpolarized (un-po'-lar-izd). Not polarized. 

unrest, peristaltic. A condition characterized by 
spasmodic and irregular movements of the stomach 
or intestine. 

unsatisfied (un-sat'-is-fid). A term applied to a 
hydrocarbon which has one or more free valences. 

unsaturated (un-sat'-u-ra-ted) [un, not; saturated]. 
1. Not saturated. 2. A term applied to hydro- 
carbons of the methane or paraffin series when their 
greatest possible valence is not satisfied. 

Unschuld's sign (pon'-shoolt) [Paulus Unschuld, 
German physician, 1835- ]. A tendency to 
cramps in the calf of the leg; it is an early sign in 
diabetes. 

unsex (un-seks'). To spay or castrate. 

unsound (un-sownd'). Not healthy; diseased. 

unsoundness {un-sownd' -nes). The state of being 
unsound, u. of mind, incapacity to govern one's 



unstriated (un-stri'-a-ted). Not striated, as un- 
striated muscle. 

ununited {un-u-nV -ted) . Not united, as an un- 
united fracture. 

unwell. 1. Ill; sick. 2. Menstruating. 

upas (u'-pas) [Malay, upas, poison]. A name 
applied to several trees found in the East Indies 
and containing a poisonous principle. It is used as 
an arrow-poison, u. antiar, Javanese arrow-poison; 
it acts directly on the vasomotor centers, u. radju, 
or u. tiente. See under strychnos tiente. 



urachal (u'-ra-kal) [ovpaxos, urachus]. Pertaining 
to the urachus. 

urachus (u'-ra-kus) [ovpov, urine; exeiv, to hold]. 
The allantoic stalk connecting in the fetus the 
bladder with the allantois, in after-life represented 
by a fibrous cord passing from the apex of the bladder 
to the umbilicus, u., patent, a condition in which 
the urachus of the embryo does not become obliter- 
ated, but persists to adult life. 

uracil (u'-ra-sil) [ovpov, urine], C4H4N2O3. The 
ureid of /3-oxy acrylic acid; also known in the form 
of its derivatives. 

uracrasia, uracratia (u-rak-ra'-ze-ah, u-rdk-ra'-she- 
ah) [oipov, urine; anpaoia, incontinence]. Inconti- 
nence of urine; enuresis, q. v. 

uraemia {u-re'-me-ah). See uremia. 
uraemic {u-re'-mik). See uremic. 
uragogue (u-rag-og') [ovpov, urine; byuyos, drawing 
forth]. Increasing urinary secretion; a diuretic. 

ural, uralin, uralium (u'-ral, u'-ral-in, u-ra'-le-um) 
[ovpov, urine]. Chloral-urethane, CChCH : OH.NH- 
CO2C2H5, a hypnotic. Dose 10-20 gr. (0.65-1.3 Gm.). 
urali (u-ra'-le). Synonym of curare. 
uramil (u'-ram-il), C4H5N3O3. Amidobarbituric 
acid, obtained by boiling alloxanthin with an am- 
monium chloride solution. 

ur amine {u' -ram-en). See guanidine. 
uranalysis (u-ran-al'-is-is). Analysis of the urine. 
urane (u'-ran). 1. Uranium oxide; it is used to 
give a yellow fluorescence to glass. 2. A unit of 
radio activity. See kilurane. 

uranic (u-ran'-ik). Containing uranium as a 
hexad radical, u. acid, uranium trioxide. 
uranin {u'-ran-in). See fluorescein-sodium. 
uraninite (u-ran'-in-it). Pitch-blende, 
uraniscochasma (u-ran-is-ko-kaz'-mah) [ovpavtcicos, 
the roof of the mouth; x^A"*. chasm]. Cleft palate, 
uranisconitis (ii-ran-is-ko-ni'-tis) [uraniscus; itw, 
inflammation]. Inflammation of the uraniscus, or 
palate. 

uraniscoplasty (u-ran-is'-ko-plas-le) [uraniscus ; 
TrX&o-o-eiv, to form]. A plastic operation for the 
repair of cleft palate. 

uraniscorrhaphy (u-ran-is-kor'-a-fe) [uraniscus; 
t>a<pri, suture]. Suture of a palatal cleft; staphylor- 
rhaphy. 

uraniscus (u-ran-is'-kus) [ovpavlaicos, the roof of 
the mouth]. The palate. 

uranism (u'-ran-izm) [Ovpavos, the Greek personi- 
fication of heaven]. Sexual perversion in which the 
desire is for individuals of the same sex. 

uranist (u'-ran-ist). A sexual pervert having a 
passion for one of his own sex. 

uranium (u-ra'-ne-um) [ Uranus]. A heavy white 
metal. See elements, table of chemical. Its phos- 
phate and nitrate are used as tests for phosphoric 
acid. The salts are very poisonous, u. acetate, 
(U02)(C2H302)2+2H20; recommended in coryza in 
solution as nasal douche, u. ammonium fluoride, 
UO2 . F24NH4 . H2O, a greenish-yellow, crystalline 
powder, used for the detection of Roentgen-rays, 
u. nitrate, (HNOs)2U02 . 6H2O, used in diabetes. 
Dose i-f gr. (0.014-0.026 Gm.) twice daily in aqueous 
solution with saccharin, u. oxide, red, u. trioxide, 
UO3, a reddish powder. Syn., uranic acid. u. x, a 
radioactive precipitate obtained from uranium 
nitrate by means of ammonium carbonate, u. 
yellow, sodium uranate. 

uranomania (u-ran-o-ma'-ne-ah) [ovpavos, palate; 
fiavia, madness]. Religious mania with exaltation. 

uranoplastic (u-ran-o-plas'-tik) [ovpavbs, palate; 
Tr\ao-o-eiv, to form]. Belonging or pertaining to 
uranoplasty. 

uranoplasty (u'-ran-o-plas-te). Same as uranisco- 
plasty. 

uranoplegia (u-ran-o-ple'-jah) [ovpavos, palate; 
v\r)vh, stroke]. Paralysis of the muscles of the soft 
palate. 

uranorrhaphy (u-ran-or'-af-e) [ovpavbs, palate; 
pa<f>ri, seam]. See uraniscorrhaphy. 

uranoschisis (u-ran-os'-kis-is) [ovpavos, palate; 
o-xl<ris, a cleft]. Cleft palate. 

uranoschism (u-ran'-o-skizm) [ovpavos, palate; 
oxlvp-*, a cleft]. Cleft palate. 

uranostaphyloplasty (u-ran-o-staf-il-o-plas-te) . 

See uraniscoplasty. 

uranostaphylorrhaphy {u-ran-o-staf-il-or -af-e) 

[ovpavos, palate ; staphylorrhaphy]. Same as uraniscor- 
rhaphy. 

uranyl (fi'-ran-il). Uranium dioxide. See uranium. 



URAPOSTEMA 



921 



URETEROPROCTOSTOMY 



u.-ammonium fluoride. See uranium-ammonium 
fluoride. 

urapostema (u-ra-pos-te'-mah) [ovpov, urine; &w6o-- 
■njtia, abscess]. An abscess containing urine. 

urare, urari (ii-rah'-re). See curare. 

urarize (u'-ra-riz). To bring under the influence 
of curare; curarize. 

urarthritis (u-rar-thri'-tis). See arthritis urica. 

urase (u'-ras). An insoluble enzyme associated 
with the bacteria which ferment urea; it is very- 
plentiful in the urine in catarrh of the bladder. 

urasol (u'-rah-sol). Acetylmethylene-disalicylic 
acid; an antiseptic, diaphoretic, and uric-acid solvent. 

urate (fi'-rat) [ovpov, urine]. A salt of uric acid. 

uratemia, urataemia (u-ra-te'-me-ah) [urate; alp.a, 
blood]. An abnormally large quantity of urates in 
the blood. 

uratic (u-rat'-ik) [urate]. Pertaining to or charac- 
terized by urates, u. diathesis, a condition in which 
there is a tendency to the deposition of urates in the 
joints and elsewhere; a tendency to gout. u. in- 
spissation, uric acid infarct. 

uratolysis (u-ra-tol'-is-is) [urate; Xveiv, to loosen]. 
The decomposition or solution of urates. 

uratolytic (u-rat-o-lit'-ik) [urate; \veiv, to loosen]. 
Capable of dissolving urates. 

uratoma (u-ra-to'-mah) [urate; ona, tumor; pi., 
uratomata]. A concretion composed of urates, and 
occurring chiefly about the joints; a tophus. 

uratosis (u-rat-o'-sis) [urate]. A morbid condition 
marked by the deposit of urates. 

uraturia (u-rat-u'-re-ah) [urate; ovpov, urine]. A 
condition marked by an excess of urates in the urine. 

urbanization {ur-ban-iz-a'-shun) [urbs, a city]. 
A term devised to express the tendency of modern 
society to develop into cities at the expense of the 
country population, with a consequent influence 
upon disease, the death-rate, etc. 

urceolate (ur'-se-o-ldt) [urceolus, a little pitcher or 
urn]. Pitcher-shaped, urn-shaped. 

urea (u-re'-ah) [ojpov, urine], CO(NH2)2. The 
chief nitrogenous constituent of urine, and principal 
end-product of tissue metamorphosis; it occurs also 
in the blood, the lymph, and the liver. See biuret, 
Schiff, Schroeder. u.-bromine, calcium bromo- 
carbamide. u. enzyme, u. ferment. See urase. 
u. quinate, a combination of urea and quinic acid; 
used in the treatment of gout and uric concrements 
in the kidneys. Daily dose 30-80 gr. (2-5 Gm.) 
in 400 Cc. of hot water, u. salicylate, recommended 
as a substitute for sodium salicylate. Dose 7 gr. 
(0.45 Gm.) one to four times daily. 

ureal (u'-re-aV) [urea]. Pertaining to or containing 
urea. 

ureameter (u-re-am'-e-ter) [urea; p.krpov, a measure]. 
An apparatus for determining the amount of urea 
contained in a liquid. 

ureametry (u-re-am'-et-re) [ureameter]. The deter- 
mination of the amount of urea in a liquid. 

urease (u'-re-as) . See urase. 

TJrechites suberecta (u-rek-i'-tez sub-e-rek'-tah). 
Savannah flower; yellow nightshade, a poisonous 
West Indian plant. 

urechitin (u-rek'-it-in), C28H42O8. A poisonous 
glucoside from Urechites suberecta. 

urechitoxin (ic-rek-it-oks'-in) [urechites; to^kov, 
poison]. A highly poisonous principle from the 
leaves of Urechites suberecta. 

urechysis (u-rek'-is-is) [ovpov, urine; l/cxwis, an 
effusion]. An effusion of urine into areolar tissue. 

urecidin (u-re-si'-din). A proprietary preparation 
of lemon-juice and lithium citrate for use in gout and 
uric-acid diathesis. 

uredema, urcedema (u-re-de'-mah) [ovpov, urine; 
edema]. Distention of tissues from extravasation of 
urine. 

uredo (u-re'-do) [uredo, a blight]. 1. A genus of 
fungi. 2. Urticaria. 3. A sensation of burning in 
the skin. 

ureid, ureide (ii' -re-id) [urea]. A compound of 
urea and an acid radical. 

ureine (u'-re-in). A yellow, oily liquid isolated 
from the urine, and said to be the cause of the 
symptoms observed in uremia. 

urelcosis (u-rel-ko'-sis) [ovpov, urine; SXkcoo-is, 
ulceration]. Ulceration of the urethra or urinary 
organs. 

uremia (u-re'-me-ah) [ovpov, urine; a\p.a, blood]. 
The symptoms due to the retention in the blood of 
excrementitious substances normally excreted by the 



kidneys; it is characterized by headache, vertigo, 
vomiting, amaurosis, convulsions, coma, sometimes 
hemiplegia, and a urinous odor of the breath. 

uremic (u-rem'-ik, u-re'-mik) [uremia]. Due to 
or characterized by uremia. 

uremide (u'-rem-id). A skin eruption found in 
cases of uremic poisoning. 

ureometer (u-re-om'-et-er). See ureameter. 

ureometry (u-re-om'-et-re). See ureametry. 

ureorrhea (u-re-or-e'-ah) [ovpov, urine; pola, a flow]. 
Polyuria; an increased flow of urine. 

urerythrin. See uroerythrin. 

uresiesthesis (u-res-e-es' -thesis) [uresis; ato-^o-ts, 
sensation]. Constant desire to urinate. 

uresin (ii' -re-sin). A citrouro tropin dilithic salt, 
useful as a uric-acid solvent. 

uresis (u-re'sis) [ovprjo-i?]. Same as urination. 

-uret (u-ret) . A suffix denoting a binary compound 
of carbon, sulphur, etc., with another element; in 
modern chemistry the suffix -ide is used. 

uret (u'-ret). The group CH2NO; it replaces a 
hydrogen atom in ammonia to form urea. 

uretal (u'-ret-al). Same as ureteric. 

ureter (u-re'-ter) [ovprj-Hip, ureter]. The long, 
narrow tube conveying the urine from the pelvis 
of the kidney to the bladder. 

ureteral (u-re'-ter-al) [ureter]. Pertaining to the 
ureter. 

ureteralgia (u-re-ter-al '-je-ah) [ureter; aXyos, pain]. 
Pain in the ureter. 

uretercystoscope (u-re-tursist'-o-skop) [ureter; cys- 
ioscope]. Same as ureterocystoscope. 

ureterectasis (u-ret-er-ek '-tas-is) [ureter; «rd<ns, 
a stretching]. Dilatation of a ureter. 

ureterectomy (u-re-ter-ek'-to-me) [ureter; iKToy.ii, 
excision]. Excision of a ureter. 

ureteric (u-re-ter'-ik) [ureter]. Pertaining to the 
ureters or to a ureter. 

ureteritis (u-re-ter-i'-tis) [ureter; wns, inflamma- 
tion]. Inflammation of a ureter. 

uretero- (u-re-ter-o-) [ureter]. A prefix denoting 
relating to the ureter. 

ureterocele (u-re'-ter-osel) [uretero-; kt\\t\, hernia]. 
A hernia containing a ureter. 

ureterocervical {u-re-ter-oser' -vik-aV) . Relating to 
or connecting the ureter and the cervix uteri. 

ureterocystoneostomy (u-re-ter-o-sist-o-ne-os' -to- 
me). See ureterocystostomy. 

ureterocystoscope (u-re-ter-osist'-oskop). An elec- 
tric cystoscope holding in its grooved wall a catheter 
for insertion into the ureter. 

ureterocystostomy ifi-re-ter-o-sis-tos'-to-me) [ure- 
tero-; kvo-tls, bladder; arop-a, mouth]. The surgical 
formation of a communication between a ureter and 
the bladder. 

ureterodialysis (u-re-ter-o-di-al'-is-is) [uretero- ; 
SiaXvtns, a breaking]. Rupture of the ureter. 

ureteroenterostomy (u-re-ter-o-en-ter-os'-to-me) 

[uretero-; b>repov, bowel; aToya, mouth]. Surgical 
formation of a passage from a ureter to the intestine. 

ureterography (u-ret-er-og'-raf-e) [uretero-; ypaxpeiv, 
to write]. Radiography of the ureter after the in- 
jection of some opaque substance. 

ureterolith (u-re'-ter-o-lith) [uretero-; \idos, stone]. 
Calculus in the ureter. 

ureterolithiasis (u-re-ter-o-lith-i' -as-is) [uretero-; 
\ldot, stone]. The presence or formation of a calculus 
in the ureter. 

ureterolithotomy (u-re-ter-o-lith-ot'-o-me) . Incision 
of the ureter for removal of a calculus. 

ureterolysis (u-re-ter-ol'-is-is) [uretero-; Xvais, a 
loosening]. Rupture of the ureter. 

ureteroneocystostomy (u-re-ter-o-ne-o-sist-os' -to- 
me). See ureterocystostomy. 

ureteroneopyelostomy (u-re-ter-o-ne-o-pi-el-os' -to- 
me) [uretero-; vkm, new; iri»e\os, trough; arbna, mouth]. 
Excision of part of a ureter and implantation into a 
new aperture made into the pelvis of the kidney, 
of the corresponding orifice of the ureteral end. 

ureteronephrectomy (u-re-ter-o-nef-rek'-to-me) [ure- 
tero-; v&j>p6s, kidney; Iktout), excision]. Removal of 
the kidney and its ureter. 

ureterophlegma (u-re-ter-o-fleg' -mah) [uretero- ; 
4>\eyp.a, phlegm]. Accumulation of mucus in the 
ureter. 

ureterophlegmasia {u-re-ter-o-fleg-ma'-ze-ah). Same 
as ureteritis. 

ureteroplasty (u-re-ter-o-plas' -te) [uretero-; irXao-aeiv, 
to form]. A plastic operation on a ureter. 

ureteroproct ostomy (u-re-ter-o-prok-tos'-to-me) 



URETEROPYELITIS 



922 



URIC ACID 



[uretero-; irpoKros, anus; ardpa, mouth]. The surgical 
formation of a passage from the ureter to the anus. 

ureteropyelitis (u-re-ter-o-pi-el-i'-tis) [uretero-; py- 
elitis]. Inflammation of a ureter and the pelvis of a 
kidney. 

ureteropyeloneostomy (u-re-ter-o-pi-el-o-ne-os'- 

to-me). . See ureteroneopyelostomy. 

ureteropyelonephritis (u-re-ter-o-pi-el-o-nef-ri'-tis) -. 
Inflammation of the ureter and of the. kidney and its 
pelvis. 

ureteropyosis (u-re-ter-o-pi-o'-sis) [uretero-; pyosis]. 
Purulent inflammation of the ureter. 

ureterorectostomy (u-re-ter-o-rek-tos'-to-me) [ure- 
tero-; rectum; arop-a, mouth]. Ureteroproctostomy. 

ureterorrhagia (u-re-ter-or-a'-je-ah) [uretero-; prjy- 
vvvai, to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from the ureter. 

ureterorrhaphy (u-re-ter-or'-af-e) [uretero-; pa<f>r), 
suture]. Suture of the ureter. 

ureterostegnosis (u-re-ter-o-steg-no'-sis) [uretero- ; 
arkyvmavs, stenosis]. Stenosis or constriction of the 
ureter. 

ureterostenoma (u-re-ter-o-sten-o'-mah) [uretero-; 
aTkvufia, a narrow place]. Narrowing of the ureter. 

ureterostenosis (u-re-ter-o-sten-o'-sis). See uretero- 
stegnosis. 

ureterostoma (u-re-ter-o-sto'-mah) [uretero-; o-rbp.a, 
a mouth], i. The renal or the cystic opening or 
mouth of the ureter. 2. A ureteral fistula. 

ureterostomatic (u-re-ter-o-sto-mat'-ik). Relating 
to the ureteral orifice, or to a ureteral fistula. 

ureterostomy (u-re-ter-os'-to-me) [see ureterostoma]. 
The formation of a ureteral fistula. 

ureterotomy (u-re-ter-ot'-o-me) [uretero-; ropA), a 
cutting]. Incision of the ureter. 

ureteroureteral (fi-re-ter-o-u-re' -ter-al) [ureter]. Per- 
taining to both ureters, or to two parts of one ureter. 
u. anastomosis. See ureteroureterostomy. 

ureteroureterostomy (u-re-ter-o-u-re-ler-os'-to-me) 
[uretero-; ureterostomy]. Surgical formation of a 
passage between the ureters or between different 
parts of the same ureter. 

ureterouterine {u-re-ter-o-u'-ter-in) [uretero-; uter- 
us]. Pertaining to the ureter and the uterus. 

ureterovaginal (u-re-ter-o-vaj'-in-al) [uretero- ; vag- 
ina]. Pertaining to the ureter and the vagina. 

urethane (u'-reth-an) [urea; ether]. 1. C2H5CH2- 
NO2, ethyl carbamate. A hypnotic. Dose 20-40 
gr. (1.3-2.6 Gm.). 2. In a wider sense, any ester of 
carbamic acid is called a urethane. u. chloral. See 
uralium. u., ethyl. See urethane (1). 

urethra (u-re'-thrah) [obprjdpa, urethra]. The canal 
through which the urine is discharged, extending 
from the neck of the bladder to the meatus urinarius. 
It is divided in the man into the prostatic portion, 
the membranous portion, and the spongy or penile 
portion, and is from 8 to 9 inches long. In the 
woman it is about i| inches in length, u. muliebris, 
female urethra, u. virilis, male urethra. 

urethral (u-re'-thral) [urethra]. Pertaining to the 
urethra; produced in or arising from the urethra, as 
urethral fever, u. arthritis, gonorrheal rheumatism. 

urethralgia {il-re-thral'-je-ah) [urethra; a\yos, pain]. 
Pain in the urethra. 

urethrameter (u-re-thram'-e-ter). See urethrometer. 

urethrascope (u-re'-thra-skop). See urethroscope. 

urethratresia (u-re-thrat-re'-ze-ah) [urethra; atresia]. 
1. Occlusion of the urethra. 2. Imperforate urethra. 

urethrectomy (u-re-threk'-to-me) [urethra; tKropr), 
excision]. Excision of a urethra or a portion of it. 

urethremorrhage (u-re-threm'-or-aj) [urethra; alpa, 
blood; fayvvvai, to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from 
the urethra. 

urethremphraxis {u-re-threm-frak'-sis). Seeurethro- 
phraxis. 

urethreurynter (u-re-throo-rin'-ter) [urethra ; ebpw^v, 
to dilate]. An appliance for dilating the urethra. 

urethrism, urethrismus (u'-re-thrizm, u-re-thriz'- 
mus) [urethra]. Urethral irritability. 

urethritis (u-re-thri'-tis) [urethra; ins, inflamma- 
tion]. Inflammation of the urethra, u., anterior, 
inflammation of the part situated anterior to the 
anterior layer of the triangular ligament, u., pos- 
terior, inflammation of the prostatic and membranous 
portions, u., simple, a nonspecific inflammation of 
the urethra, u., specific, that due to the gonococcus; 
gonorrhea, u. venerea, gonorrhea. 

urethro- (u-re-thro-) [ovp-qdpa, urethra]. A prefix 
denoting pertaining to the urethra. 

urethrobulbar (u-re-thro-bul'-bar). Relating to the 
urethra and the bulb of the corpus spongiosum. 



urethrocele (u-re'-thro-sel) [urethro-; KyXri, a hernia]. 
A protrusion or thickening of the wall of the female 
urethra. 

urethrocystitis (u-re-thro-sis-ti'-tis) [urethro-; cysti- 
tis]. Inflammation of the urethra and bladder. 

urethrograph (u-re'-thro-graf) [urethro-; ypkfaiv, 
to record]. A recording urethrometer. 

urethrometer {u-re-throm' -et-er) [urethro-; pkrpov, 
a measure]. An instrument for determining the 
caliber of the urethra or for measuring the lumen of a 
stricture. 

urethropenile (u-re-thro*pe'-nil). Relating to the 
urethra and the penis. 

urethroperineal (u-re-thro-per-in-e'-al) . Relating 
to the urethra and the perineum. 

urethroperineoscrotal (u-re-thro-per-in-e-o-skro'- 
tal) . Relating to the urethra, perineum, and scrotum. 

urethrophraxis (u-re-thro-fraks'-is) [urethro-; <£pd£«, 
a blocking]. Urethral obstruction. 

urethroplasty (u-re'-thro-plas-te) [urethro- ; ir\a.o-<reti>, 
to form]. Plastic operation upon the urethra. 

urethroprostatic (u-re-thro-pros-tat'-ik). Relating 
to the urethra and the prostate. 

urethrorectal (u-re-thro-rek'-tal). Relating to the 
urethra and the rectum. 

urethrorrhagia (u-re-thror-a'-je-ah) [urethro-; fay- 
vvvat, to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from the urethra. 

urethrorrhaphy (u-re-thror'-af-e) [urethro-; pa^-q, 
suture]. Suturing of an abnormal opening into the 
urethra. 

urethrorrhea, urethrorrhoea (u-re-thror-e'-ah) [ure- 
thro-; poia, a flow]. A morbid discharge from the 
urethra. 

urethroscope (u-re'-thro-skop) [urethro-; o-nowdv, 
to view]. An. instrument for inspecting the interior 
of the urethra. 

urethroscopic (u-re-thro-skop'-ik) . Relating to the 
urethroscope. 

urethroscopy (u-re-thros'-ko-pe) [see urethroscope]. 
Inspection of the urethra with the aid of the urethro- 
scope. 

urethrospasm (u-re'-thro-spazm) [urethro-; o-rra.ap.6s, 
spasm]. A spasmodic stricture of the urethra. 

urethrostenosis (u-re-thro-sten-o'-sis) [urethro- ; arkv- 
wcrts, a constriction]. Stricture of the urethra. 

urethrostomy (u-re-thros'-to-me) [urethro-; aro^a, 
a mouth]. Perineal section with permanent fixation 
of the membranous urethra in the perineum. 

urethrotome iu-re'-thro-tom) [urethro-; rop.fi, a 
cutting]. An instrument used for performing ure- 
throtomy, u., dilating, a combined urethrotome and 
dilator. 

urethrotomy (u-re-throt'-o-me) [see urethrotome]. 
The operation of cutting a stricture of the urethra. 
u., external, division of a stricture by an incision 
from without, u., internal, division of a urethral 
stricture from within the urethra. 

urethroureteral (u-re-thro-u-re' -ter-al) [urethro-; 
ureter]. Relating to the urethra and the ureter. 

urethrovaginal {u-re-thro-vaj'-in-al) [urethro-; vag- 
ina]. Pertaining to the urethra and the vagina. 

urethrovesical {u-re-thro-ves'-ik-al) [urethro-; vesica, 
bladder]. Pertaining to the urethra and the bladder. 

urethylane (ii-reth'-il-an), C2H5NO2. A colorless 
crystalline substance soluble in water and alcohol; 
used as a hypnotic and a diuretic. 

uretic (u-ret'-ik) [ovpijrtKds]. 1. Pertaining to 
urine; stimulating the flow of urine. 2. An agent 
or medicine that stimulates the flow of urine. 

Urgens' reaction for sulphocyanates in saliva. 
Add to the saliva a saturated solution of hydriodic 
acid 1 part and starch-paste 5 partsj if sulphocyanates 
are present, a blue tint appears. The sulphocyanates 
of potassium and sodium normally present in saliva 
are usually absent in chronic suppurative conditions 
of the middle ear, and the progress of the disease 
can be estimated by the presence and extent of the 
reaction. 

Urginea (ur-jin'-e-ah) [urgere, to press]. A genus 
of liliaceous plants. U. scilla, the plant that pro- 
duces the official squill. See scilla. 

urgosan (ur'-go-san). Trade name of a prepara- 
tion containing hexamethylenamine and gonosan. 

urhidrosis (u-ri-dro'-sis). Uridrosis. 

urian (u'-re-an). Urochrome. 

uriasis (u-ri'-as-is). See lithiasis. 

uric (u'-rik) [ovpov, urine]. Pertaining to the urine. 

uric acid {u'-rik) [ovpov, urine], CsH«N40j. A 
dibasic acid; one of the nitrogenous end-products of 
metabolism. It is found in the urine and in the 



URICACIDEMIA 



923 



UROBILINICTERUS 



spleen. Its accumulation in the blood (lithemia, 
uricacidemia) is associated with marked disturbances, 
and, according to some writers, produces the phe- 
nomena of gout. It may also form urinary calculi. 
See Denige, Dietrich, Garrod, v. Jaksch, murexide, 
Schiff. 

uricacidemia, uricacidaemia (u-rik-as-id-e' -me-ah) 
\uric acid; alua, blood]. The presence of an excess 
of uric acid in the blood ; also the condition associated 
with an excess of uric acid in the blood, and charac- 
terized by various nervous symptoms, and perhaps 
also responsible for the phenomena of gout. 

uricaciduria (u-rik-as-id-u'-re-ah) [uric acid; urine]. 
The presence of an excess of uric acid in the urine. 

uricase (u'-rik-as). A hydrolytic enzyme capable 
of converting uric acid into allantoin; it is found in 
some of the lower animals. 

uricedin (ii-ris-e'-din) [uric acid]. A proprietary 
remedy for gout, consisting of sodium sulphate, 
sodium chloride, sodium citrate, and small quantities 
of the citrates and phosphates of potassium and 
calcium. 

uricemia, uricaemia (u-re-se' -me-ah). See uricacid- 
emia. 

uricolysis (u-rik-ol'-is-is) [uric acid; Xwns, a loosen- 
ing]. The cleavage of uric acid. 

uricolytic (u-rik-o-lit'-ik) [uric acid; \vais, loosen- 
ing]^ Pertaining to or causing uricolysis. 

uricometer (u-rik-om' -et-er) [uric acid; perpov, 
a measure]. An apparatus for the quick quantitative 
estimation of uric acid in urine. 

uridrosis (u-rid-ro'-sis) [urine; iSpws, sweat]. 
The secretion of a sweat containing urea, uric acid, 
or other urinary constituents which may be deposited 
in crystalline form upon the skin (uridrosis crystal- 
Una). 

uriesthesis, uriaesthesis (u-re-es' -thesis). Seeures- 
iesthesis. 

uriform (u'-rif-orm). Trade name of a urinary 
antiseptic containing hexamethylenamine, saw 
palmetto, santal, damiana, coca, and nux vomica. 

urina (u-ri'-nah) [L.]. Uiine. u. chyli. See u. 
cibi. u. cibi, the urine excreted after a full meal. 
u. cruenta, bloody urine, u. galactodes, milk- 
colored urine, u. hysterica, the pale, watery urine, 
passed during or after an hysterical attack, u. 
jumentosa, cloudy urine, u.-potus, the urine passed 
after copious drinking, u. sanguinis, the urine 
secreted independently of food and drink, such as on 
rising in the morning, u. spastica. Same as u. 
hysterica. 

urinaccelerator (u-rin-ak-sel'-er-a-tor) [urine; ac- 
celerare, to accelerate]. The accelerator urinae. 
See under muscle. 

urinaemia (u-rin-e 1 -me-ah) . See urinemia. 

urinal (u'-rin-al) [urine]. A vessel for receiving 
urine. 

urinalysis (u-rin-al'-is-is) [urine; Xwns, a loosening]. 
Analysis of the urine. 

urinary (u'-rin-a-re) [urine]. Pertaining to the 
urine, u. apparatus, u. system, u. organs, u. bladder. 
See bladder, u. calculus, a stony concretion found in 
the urinary passages, u. canal, a primitive urinary 
passage, u. cast, a tube-cast. u. organs, the organs 
concerned in the secretion and excretion of the 
urine, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and 
urethra, u. sediment, the deposit formed after 
urine has been allowed to stand for some hours in a 
vessel, u. stammering. See bladder, stammering. 

urinaserum (u-rin-ase'^rum). A serum used as a 
test for serum. It is derived from an animal into 
which albuminous urine has been injected. It pre- 
cipitates albumin in the urine and in exudates of an 
animal of the same species as that from which the 
albuminous urine was obtained. 

urinate (u'-rin-at) [urine]. To discharge urine 
from the bladder. 

urination (u-rin-a' -shun) [urine]. The act of 
voiding urine. 

urine (u'-rin) [urina, urine]. The fluid excreted 
by the kidneys. In health urine has an amber 
color, a slightly acid reaction, a faint odor, a saline 
taste, and a specific gravity of about 1018. The 
average quantity excreted in 24 hours is about 1200 
Cc. or 40 oz., of which about 62.5 Gm. are solids. 
Among the solids, urea is the most important, of 
which 35 Gm. are excreted in the day. Other solid 
constituents are uric acid (0.7s Gm. in the day), 
hippuric acid, creatinin, and other extractives, 
sodium chloride, phosphates and sulphates of calcium, 



magnesium, potassium, and sodium. The most 
important abnormal constituents present in disease 
are albumin, sugar, blood, pus, acetone, diacetic 
acid, fat, chyle, tube-casts, various cells, and bacteria. 
u., incontinence of, inability to retain the urine. 
See enuresis, u., residual, urine that remains in the 
bladder after urination in proslatic hypertrophy and 
in cystic disease, u., retention of, inability to pass 
the urine. See ischuria, u., suppression of. See 
ischuria. 

urinemia, urinaemia (u-rin-e' -me-ah) [urine ; alua, 
blood]. The presence of urinary constituents in the 
blood; uremia. 

uriniferous (u-rin-if-er-us) [urine; ferre, to bear]. 
Carrying or conveying urine, as uriniferous tubule. 

urinific (u-rin-if'-ik) [urine; facer e, to make]. 
Excreting or producing urine. 

uriniparous (ii-rin-ip'-ar-us) [urine; par ere, to 
produce]. Secreting urine. 

urino- (u-rin-o-) [urine]. A prefix denoting relation 
to the urine. 

urinocryoscopy (u-rin-o-kri-os'-ko-pe) [urino-; Kpvos, 
cold; aicoirelv, to examine]. Cryoscopy applied to 
urine. 

urinogenital (u-rin-o-jen'-it-al) [urino-; yewav, to 
produce]. Urogenital. 

urinoglucosometer (u-rin-o-gloo-kosom' -et-er). An 
apparatus for quantitative estimation of glucose in 
the urine. 

urinologist (u-rin-ol'-o-jist). One skilled in urin- 
ology. 

urinology (u-rin-ol'-o-je). See urology. 

urinoma (u-rin-o' -mah) [urino-; 6p.a, a tumor]. 
A cyst containing urine. 

urinometer (u-rin-om' -et-er) [urino-; \ikrpov, a 
measure]. A hydrometer for ascertaining the specific 
gravity of urine. 

urinometry (u-rin-om' -et-re) [see urinometer]. The 
determination of the specific gravity of the urine by 
means of the urinometer. 

urinoscopic (u-rin-oskop'-ik) [urino-; anoiriiv, to 
examine]. Pertaining to examination of the urine. 

urinoscopy (u-rin-os'-ko-pe). See uroscopy.- 

urinose, urinous (u'-rin-os, u'-rin-us) [urine]. 
Having the characters of urine, as a urinose odor. 

uriseptin (u-ris-ep' -tin) . Trade name of a prepara- 
tion containing formaldehyde and lithia; it is said to 
be a diuretic and genito-urinary antiseptic. 

urisolvent (u-ris-oV -vent) . Dissolving uric acid. 

urisolvin (u-resol'-vin). A compound of urea and 
lithium citrate, a uric-acid solvent and diuretic. 

uristamine (u-ris'-tam-en). A trade name for a 
brand of hexamethylenetetramine. 

uritis (u-ri'-tis) [urere, to burn; ins, inflammation]. 
Inflammation following a burn. 

uritone (u'-rit-on). A trade name for a brand of 
hexamethylenetetramine. 

urning (urn'-ing) [Opvavos, the Greek personi- 
fication of heaven]. A homosexual individual; a 
pervert in whom the desire is only for individuals of 
the same sex. 

urnism (urn'-izm). See uranism. 

uro- ifi-ro-) [ovpov, urine]. A prefix denoting 
pertaining to urine or uric acid. 

uroacidimeter (u-ro-as-id-im' -et-er); An instru- 
ment for measuring the acidity of the urine. 

uroammoniac (u-ro-am-o'-ne-ak). Relating to or 
containing uric acid and ammonia. 

uroazotometer (u-ro-az-ot-om '-et-er) . An apparatus 
for quantitative estimation of the nitrogenous 
substances in urine. 

urobacillus (u-ro-bas-il'-us) [uro-; bacillus]. A 
bacillus occurring in urine, particularly in decom- 
posing urine. 

urobenzoic acid (u-ro-ben-zo' -ik) . Hippuric acid. 

urobilin (u-ro-biV -in) [uro-; bile], C32H40N4O7. A 
yellowish-brown, amorphous pigment derived from 
bilirubin. It is the principal pigment of the urine, 
and is increased in febrile and other conditions. See 
Gerhardt, Grinbert. u.-jaundice, a jaundice supposed 
to be due to the presence of urobilin in the blood. 
u., pathogenic, the excessive coloring matter, of 
certain dark urines occurring in various diseases, as 
pernicious anemia, febrile diseases, etc. 

urobilinemia, urobilinasmia (u-ro-bil-in-e' -me-ah) 
[urobilin; alp.a, blood]. The presence of urobilin in 
the blood. 

urobilinicterus (u-ro-bil-in-ik'-ter-us). Pigmenta- 
tion of the skin, cornea, etc., from absorption of 
extravasated blood and contained urobilin. 



UROBILINOGEN 



924 



URORHODIN 



urobilinogen {u-ro-bil-in'-o-jen). A chromogen 
from which urobilin is formed by oxidation when 
urine is allowed to stand. 

urobilinoidin (u-ro-bil-in-oid' -in) . A form of 
urinary pigment derived from hematin and resembling 
urobilin, though not identical with it. It occurs in 
certain pathological conditions. 

urobilinuria (u-ro-bil-in-u'-re-ah) [urobilin; urine]. 
The presence of an excess of urobilin in the urine. 

urobromohematin (u-ro-bro-mo-he' -mat-in), C68H94- 
NsFe2026. A coloring matter found in the urine of 
leprous patients; it is closely allied to the coloring- 
matter of the blood. 

urocanin (u-ro-kan'-in). See under urocaninic 
acid. 

urocaninic acid (u-ro-kan-in'-ik) [uro-; cams, a 
dog], C6H6N2O2+2H2O. An acid found in the urine 
of dogs when there is a diminution in the amount of 
urea. By heating it is decomposed into carbonic 
acid, water, and a base, urocanin, C11H10N4O. 

urocele (u'-ro-sel) [uro-; /ojXtj, a tumor]. A swelling 
of the scrotum from extravasation of urine. 

urocheras (u-rok'-er-as) [uro-; x«pas, sand]. The 
sandy substance deposited from standing urine. 

urochesia (fi-ro-ke'-ze-ah) [uro-; x%eit>, to defecate]. 
Discharge of urine through the anus. 

urochrome (u'-ro-krom) [uro-; xpw/m, color]. A 
yellow coloring-matter found in urine, supposed to 
be impure urobilin. 

urocinetic. See urokinetic. 

uroclepsia (u-ro-klep'-se-ah) [uro-; /cXe^i'a, theft]. 
Unconscious discharge of urine. 

urocol (u'-ro-kol). A trade name for a preparation 
containing urea quinate (urol) and colchicine; used 
in gout. 

urocrisis, urocrisia (u-rok'-ris-is, u-ro-kris'-e-ah) 
[uro-; crisis]. 1. A disease crisis attended with 
excessive urination. 2. Diagnosis by examination of 
the urine. _ 3. A vesical crisis; see vesical. 

urocriterion (u-ro-kri-te'-re-on). In diagnosis by 
inspection of urine, the indication which determines 
the diagnosis. 

urocyanin (u-ro-si'-an-in) . See uroglaucin. 

urocyanogen (u-ro-si-an'-o-jen) [uro-; kvolvos, blue]. 
A blue pigment found in urine, particularly in cases 
of cholera. 

urocyanose {u-ro-si'-an-os). See urocyanogen. 

urocyanosis (u-ro-si-an-o'-sis) [uro-; icvavos, blue]. 
Blue discoloration of the urine from the presence of 
indican. 

urocyst, urocystis (u'-ro-sist, u-ro-sist'-is) [uro-; 
kvvtls, bladder]. The urinary bladder. 

urocystic (u-ro-sis'-tik). Pertaining to the urinary 
bladder. 

urocystitis (u-ro-sis-ti'-tis) [urocyst; ins, inflam- 
mation]. Inflammation of the urinary bladder; 
cystitis. 

urodialysis (u-ro-di-aV-is-is) [uro-; SidXuo-n, a 
cessation]. Partial and temporary cessation of the 
secretion of urine. 

urodochium (u-ro-do-ki'-um) [uro-; 8ox<=loi>, re- 
ceptacle]. A urinal. 

urodynia (u-ro-din'-e-ah) [uro-; 6Svvi], pain]. 
Painful micturition. 

urcedema {u-re-de'-mah). See ur edema. 

uroerythrin {u-ro-er' -ith-rin) [uro-; ipvOpos, red]. 
An amorphous, reddish pigment with an acid reac- 
tion, occurring in the urine in rheumatic and other 
diseases. 

urofuscohematin (u-ro-fus-ko-hem'-at-in) [uro-; 
fuscus, dark; hematin]. A red pigment derived 
from hematin, occurring in the urine. 

urogaster (u'-ro-gas-ter) [uro-; yaariip, stomach]. 
The urinary intestine or urinary passages collect- 
ively. 

urogenin (u-roj'-en-in) . Trade name of a diuretic 
said to contain lithium, hippuric acid and theo- 
bromine. _ 

urogenital (tl-ro-jen'-it-al) [uro-; genital]. Pertain- 
ing to the urinary and genital organs, u. ducts. 
See ducts of Mueller, u. sinus, the anterior part of 
the cloaca, into which the urogenital ducts open. 

urogenous {u-roj'-en-us) [uro-; ytwav, to produce]. 
Producing urine. 

uroglaucin (u-ro-glaw'-sin) [uro-; y\avKos, bluish- 
green]. A blue pigment, at times occurring in urine, 
as in scarlatina, and supposed to result from the 
oxidation of a chromogen. 

uroglycosis {u-ro-gli-ko'-sis) [uro-; y\vKvs, sweet]. 
Diabetes mellitus. 



urogravimeter (u-ro-grav-im'-et-er). See urinom- 
eter. 

urohematin (u-ro-hem'-at-in) [uro-; hematin]. 
Altered hematin in the urine. 

urohematoporphyrin {u-ro-hem-at-o-por' -fir-in) [uro- 
hematin; ir6p<j>vpos, purple]. Urohematin; a urinary- 
pigment occasionally occurring in the urine in certain 
pathological states. 

urokinetic, urocinetic (u-ro-kin-et'-ik) [uro-; xfoiio-w, 
movement]. Due to a reflex from the urinary 
apparatus; generally used of a form of dyspepsia due 
to irritation or disease of the urinary tract. 

urol (u'-rol). 1. See urea quinate. 2. A trade 
name for a preparation containing urea quinate. 

urolagnia (u-ro-lag'-ne-ah) [uro-; \ayvela, lust]. 
A form of sexual perversion in which sexual excite- 
ment is produced by the sight of urine or of a person 
urinating. 

urolite (u'-ro-ltt). Same as urolith. 

urolith (u'-ro-lith) [uro-; \i60s, a stone]. A calculus 
occurring in the urine. 

urolithiasis {u-ro-lith-i'-a-sis) [uro-; lithiasis]. 
1. The presence of or a condition associated with 
urinary calculi. 2. The formation of urinary calculi. 

urolithic (u-ro-lith'-ik) [uro-; Xi'0os, a stone]. Per- 
taining to, or having the nature of urinary calculi. 

urolithology (u-ro-lith-ol'-o-je) [urdlith; X670S, 
science]. The science of urinary calculi. 

urologic {u-ro-loj'-ik) [uro-; \6yos, science]. Per- 
taining to urology. 

urologist (u-rol'-o-jist). One versed in urology. 

urology (u-rol'-o-je) [uro-; Xo-yos, science]. The 
scientific study of the urine. 

urolutein (u-ro-lu'-te-in) [uro-; luteus, yellow]. 
A yellow pigment sometimes found in urine. 

urolytic (u-ro-lit'-ik) [uro-; \teiv, to loosen]. Ca- 
pable of dissolving urinary calculi. 

uromancy (fi'-ro-man-se) [uro-; navrela, divination]. 
Diagnosis or prognosis by observation of the urine. 

uromelanin (u-ro-mel'-an-in) [uro-; melanin]. A 
black pigment sometimes found in the urine, derived 
from the decomposition of urochrome. 

uromelus (u-rom'-e-lus) [ovp&, tail; /ueXos, a limb]. 
A monster in which there is more or less complete 
fusion of the limbs, with but a single foot. 

urometer (y,-rom'-et-er). See urinometer. 

uromphalus {u-rom'-fal-us) [urachus; 6n<f>a\6s, 
navel]. A monstrosity with the urachus protruding 
at the navel. 

uroncus (u-rong'-kus) [uro-; 6yKos, tumor]. A 
tumor or swelling containing urine. 

uronephrosis (u-ro-nef-ro'-sis) [uro-; nephrosis]. 
See hydronephrosis. 

uronology (u-ron-ol'-o-je). See urology. 

urophan (u'-ro-fan) [uro-; tpalveiv, to appear]. A 
generic name for substances which, taken into the 
body, appear again unchanged chemically in the urine. 

urophanic (u-ro-fan'-ik) [see urophan]. Appearing 
in the urine. 

urophein (u-ro-fe'-in) [uro-; <paios, gray]. A pig- 
ment body to which the characteristic odor of the 
urine has been ascribed. 

uropherin {u-rof-er-in). Lithiotheobromine salicyl- 
ate; a white powder, soluble in water, used as a 
diuretic. Dose 15 gr. (1 Gm.). Syn., lithium 
diuretin. u. benzoate, LiC7H7N402-r-LiC6HsC02, 
theobromine and lithium benzoate, a fine white 
powder containing 50 % of theobromine; it is a 
diuretic and nerve stimulant, u. salicylate, LiC7- 
H7N402+LiC7Hs03, theobromine and lithium salicyl- 
ate, a white powder used as the benzoate. 

urophthisis (u-roff-thi'-sis) [uro-; phthisis]. Syno- 
nym of diabetes mellitus. 

uropittin (u-ro-pit'-in) [uro-; irlrra, pitch], C9H10- 
N2O3. A nitrogenous derivative of urochrome. 

uroplania {u-ro-pla'-ne-ah) [uro-; ir\avn, a wander- 
ing]. The presence of urine in other localities than 
the urinary organs; the discharge of urine from an 
abnormal orifice. 

uropoiesis (u-ro-poi-e'-sis) [uro-; iroikiv, to make]. 
Secretion of the urine by the kidneys. 

uropoietic (u-ro-poi-et'-ik) [see uropoiesis]. Con- 
cerned in uropoiesis. 

uropsammus (u-rop-sam'-us) [uro-; ^ap.p.os, sand]. 
Urinary gravel. 

uropyoureter (u-ro-pi-o-u-re'-ler). An infected 
uroureter. 

urorhodin (u-ro-ro'-din) [uro-; pobov, rose]. A red 
pigment found in urine and derived from uroxan- 
thin. 



URORHODINOGEN 



925 



UTERINE 



urorhodinogen (u-ro-ro-din'-o-jen) [urorhodin; yev- 
vav, to produce]. The chromogen which by decom- 
position produces urorhodin. 

urorosein {u-ro-ro'-ze-in) [uro-; rosa, rose]. A rose- 
colored pigment found in the urine in various dis- 
eases. 

urorrhagia (u-ror-a'-je-ah) [uro-; prjyvvvai, to burst 
forth]. Excessive secretion and discharge of urine. 

urorrhea, urorrhoea (u-ror-e'-ah) [uro-; poLa, a 
flow], i. The normal flow of urine. 2. Involuntary 
passage of urine. 

urorubin (u-ro-roo'-bin) [uro-; ruber, red]. A red 
pigment obtained by treating urine with hydrochloric 
acid, and also in the preparation of uropittin. 

urorubrohematin (u-ro-roo-bro-hem'-at-in). See 
urobromohematin. 

urosacin (u-ro'-sas-in). See urorhodin. 

urosanol (u-ro-sa'-nol). The trade name of a 
solution of protargol in gelatin, used in urethritis. 

uroscheocele (ii-ros'-ke-o-sel). See urocele. 

uroschesis (u-ros'-kes-is) [uro-; <rxe<m, retention]. 
Suppression of urine. 

uroscopic (u-ro-skop'-ik). Same as urinoscopic. 

uroscopist (u-ros'-ko-pist) [see uroscopy]. One who 
makes a specialty of urinary examinations. 

uroscopy (u-ros'-ko-pe) [uro-; <ncoireiv, to view]. 
Examination of the urine. 

urosemiology (u-ro-se-mi-ol'-o-je) [uro-; semi- 
ology]. Examination of the urine as an aid to 
diagnosis. 

urosepsin (fi-ro-sep'-sin). The toxin concerned 
in urosepsis. 

urosepsis (u-ro-sep'-sis) [uro-; c^is, sepsis]. 
The condition of intoxication due to the extravasation 
of urine. 

uroseptic (u-ro-sep'-tik) [see urosepsis]. Relating 
to or characterized by urosepsis. 

uroses (u-ro'-sez). See urosis. 

urosin (u'-ro-sin). Lithium quinate, a uric-acid 
solvent. Dose 75 gr. 6 to 10 times daily. 

urosis {u-ro'-sis) [uro-; vboos, disease; pi., uroses]. 
Any disease of the urinary organs. 

urospasm {u'-ro-spazm) [uro-; viraap.6s, spasm]. 
Spasm of some part of the urinary tract. 

urospectrin (u-ro-spek'-trin). A pigment similar 
to hematoporphyrin obtained from normal urine 
by shaking the urine with acetic ether. 

urostealitb. (fi-ro-ste'-al-ith) [uro-; crreap, fat; Xt0os t| 
stone]. A fat-like substance occurring in some 
urinary calculi. 

urosteatoma (u-ro-ste-at-o'-mah). See urostealitk. 

urotheobromine (u-ro-the-o-bro'-min). See para- 
xanthin. 

urotoxia {u-ro-toks'-e-ah). Same as urotoxy. 

urotoxic (u-ro-toks'-ik) [uro-; to^lkov, poison]. 
1. Pertaining to poisonous substances eliminated in 
the urine. 2. Pertaining to poisoning by urine or 
some of its constituents, u. coefficient, the number 
of urotoxies formed in 24 hours by one kilogram of 
an individual. The normal urotoxic coefficient 
in man is about 0.4, i. e., a man produces for each 
kilogram of body-weight 0.4 urotoxies, or sufficient 
poison to kill 400 Gm. of animal, u. unit, a urotoxy. 

urotoxicity (u-ro-toks-is'-it-e). The toxic quality 
of urine. 

urotoxin (u-ro-toks'-in) . The poison of urine. 

urotoxy (u'-ro-toks-e) [see urotoxic; pi., urotoxies]. 
The unit of toxicity of urine — the amount necessary 
to kill a kilogram of living substance. 

urotropin (u-ro-tro'-pin), (CH2)eN4, hexamethyl- 
entetramine; obtained by action of formaldehyde on 
ammonia. A uric-acid solvent. Daily dose 8-30 
gr. (0.5-2.0 Gm.). u. quinate, used in gout and as 
a uric-acid solvent. 

uroureter (u-ro-u-re'-ter). A "partial or complete , 
non-evacuation of the urine from the ureter. 

urous {u'-rus) [ovpov, urine]. Having the nature 
of urine, u. acid, uric acid. 

uroxanthin (u-ro-zan'-thin) [uro-; Zav66s, yellow]. 
A yellow pigment occurring in human urine and 
yielding indigo-blue on oxidation. Indigogen. 

uroxin (u-roks'-in). Same as alloxantin. 

urozemia (u-ro-ze'-me-ah) [uro-; fj?Au'a, loss]. 
Diabetes, u. albuminosa, Bright's disease, u. 
mellita, diabetes mellitus. 

urrhodin (u'-rod-in). See urorhodin. 

vasal (ur'-sal). See urea salicylate. 

ursin {ur'-sin). See arbutin. 

ursone (ur'-son). See ericolin. 

urtica {ur'-tik-ah) [L.]. Nettle. 1. A genus of 



plants of the order Urticacece. U. dioica, the com- 
mon nettle, and U. urens, the dwarf nettle, are used 
as diuretics, local irritants, and hemostatics. 2. A 
wheal. 

urticaria (ur-lik-a'-re-ah) [urtica]. A disease of the 
skin characterized by the development of wheals, 
which give rise to sensations of burning and itching. 
They appear suddenly in large or small numbers, 
remain for from a few minutes to several hours, and 
disappear suddenly. The disease may be acute or 
chronic, and is due to agencies acting upon the 
vasomotor system, such as gastrointestinal disorders, 
the ingestion of certain foods, as shell-fish, straw- 
berries, etc. Syn., hives; nettlerash. u. bullosa, a 
form characterized by the formation of bullae, 
u. conferta, a form in which the lesions are grouped. 
u. evanida, a form marked by sudden vanishing and 
reappearance of the symptoms, u. factitia, u., fac- 
titious, the form produced in individuals with an 
irritable skin by any slight external irritation. Syn., 
dermographia; dermographism, u., giant, u. gigans. 
See u. oedematosa. u. haemorrhagica, purpura 
urticans, a variety characterized by hemorrhage 
into the wheals from rupture of the extremely con- 
gested capillaries; it is regarded as a variety of 
erythema multiforme, u. medicamentosa, a variety 
due to the use of certain drugs, u. cedematosa, 
giant urticaria, a variety characterized by the sudden 
appearance of large, soft, edematous swellings of the 
skin and subcutaneous tissue, which may measure 
several inches in diameter, u. papulosa, a form 
occurring in children, in which, as a result of the 
inflammatory effusion, a small, solid papule remains 
after the subsidence of the wheal. Syn., Lichen 
urticatus, u. pigmentosa, a rare type which begins 
within the first few months of life and consists of 
large, reddish, wheal-like tubercles that eventually 
change to a brownish-red or yellowish color, u. 
tuberosa, a form in which the wheals assume a tuber- 
ous form and become very large — as big as a walnut, 
hen's egg, or even larger, u. vesiculosa, urticaria 
characterized by the presence of vesicles. 

urticarial, urticarious (ur-tik-a'-re-al, ur-tik-a'-re- 
us). Pertaining to urticaria. 

urticate (ur'-tik-at) [urticare, to sting]. 1. To 
sting like a nettle. 2. To flagellate with nettles. 

urtication {ur-tik-a'-shun) [urtica]. 1. Flagellation 
with nettles, a method of treatment formerly em- 
ployed in paralysis and to produce local irritation. 
2. A sensation as if one had been stung by nettles. 

usane (u'-san). A local anesthetic used in den- 
tistry. 

Uskow's pillars (00s' -kof). In the embryo, two 
folds or ridges which grow from the dorsolateral 
region of the body-wall and unite with the septum 
transversum to form the diaphragm. 

Usnea (us'-ne-ah) . A genus of lichen or tree moss. 

XJ. S. P., U. S. Phar. Abbreviation for United 
States Pharmacopoeia. 

Ustilago (us-lil-a'-go) [L.]. A genus of parasitic 
fungi — the smuts. U. maydis, corn-smut, is a 
fungus parasitic upon maize or Indian corn. In 
properties it resembles ergot of rye. 

ustion (us'-chun) [ustio; urere, to burn]. A 
burning. In chemistry, incineration. In surgery, 
cauterization. 

ustulation {us -til-la' -shun) [L., ustulatio]. The 
act of roasting, drying, or parching. 

ustus (us'-tus) [urere, to burn]. Calcined; burned. 

usure (u'-zjur) [uti, to use]. Circumscribed atro- 
phy of a part or organ through pressure of neoplasms 
which have developed from it, of aneurysms, or 
through primary fatty degeneration, u. des carti- 
lages articulaires, osteoarthritis. 

uta (oo'-lah). Peruvian vernacular term for a 
dermatophytic process analogous to Biskra button. 

utend. (u'-tend). Abbreviation of ulendus, to be used. 

uteralgia {u-ter-aV -je-ah) [uterus; 0X701, pain]. 
Pain in the uterus. 

uterectomy (u-ter-ek'-to-me). Same as hysterectomy. 

uterine {u'-ter-en) [uterus]. Pertaining to the 
uterus, u. appendages, the ovaries and oviducts. 
u. milk. 1. A fluid between the villi of the placenta 
in the cow. 2. The small quantity of albuminous 
fluid contained in the small spaces between the 
epithelial covering of the villi of the chorion and the 
crypts or depressions in the decidua. u. pregnancy, 
normal pregnancy, u. souffle, a vascular sound 
heard on auscultation through the abdominal wall 
between the fifth and sixth months of pregnancy. 



UTERISM 



926 



UVULA 



uterism (u'-ter-izm). Uteralgia. 

uteritis (ii-ter-i'-tis). Inflammation of the uterus. 
See metritis. 

utero- (fi-ter-o-) [uterus]. A prefix denoting 
pertaining to the uterus. 

uteroabdominal {u-ter-o-ab-dom'-in-al) [uterus; ab- 
domen]. Pertaining to the uterus and the abdomen. 

uterocervical (u-ter-o-ser'-vik-al). Relating to the 
uterus and the cervix of the uterus. 

uterocolic {u-ter-o-kol'-ik). Relating to the uterus 
and the colon. 

uterofixation (u-ter-o-fiks-a'-shun). See hystero- 
pexy. 

uterogastric (u-ter-o-gas'-lrik). Relating to the 
uterus and the stomach. 

uterogestation (u-ter-o-jes-ta'-shun) [utero-; gestatio, 
gestation]. Gestation within the cavity of the uterus; 
normal pregnancy. 

uterointestinal {u-ter-o-in-tes'-tin-al). Relating to 
the uterus and the intestine. 

uteromania {u-ter-o-ma'-ne-ah) . See nymphomania. 

uterometer (u-ter-om'-et-er) [utero-; ukrpov, meas- 
ure]. An instrument used to accurately measure 
the uterus and determine its position. 

utero-ovarian (u-ter-o-o-va'-re-an) [utero-; ovary]. 
Pertaining to the uterus and the ovary. 

uteroparietal iu-ier-o-pa-ri'-et-al) [utero-; paries, 
wall]. Pertaining to the uterus and the abdominal 
wall, applied to a form of hysteropexy. 

uteropelvic (u-ter-o-pel'-vik). Pertaining to -the 
uterus and the pelvis. 

uteropexia, uteropexy {u-ter-o-peks' -e-ah, u'-ter-o- 
peks-e). See hysteropexy. 

uteroplacental (u-ter-o-pla-sen'-tal) [utero-; pla- 
centa]. Pertaining to the uterus and the placenta. 
u. vacuum, the vacuum caused by the traction upon 
the funis of a detached placenta, causing it to cling 
to the uterine wall. 

uterorectal (u-ter-o-rek'-tal). Relating to the 
uterus and the rectum. 

uterosacral (u-ter-o-sa'-kraV) [utero-; sacrum]. 
Pertaining to the uterus and the sacrum. 

uteroscope {u'-ter-o-skop) [utero-; oko-kHv, to in- 
spect]. A uterine speculum. 

uterotome (u'-ter-o-tom) [utero-; rom, a cutting]. 
A cutting instrument used in uterotomy. See 
hysterotome. 

uterotomy {u-ter-ot'-o-me) . See hysterotomy. 

uterotonic (u-ter-o-ton'-ik). Supplying muscular 
tone to the uterus. 

uterotractor (u-ter-o-trak'-tor) [utero-; trahere, to 
draw]. A variety of forceps having several teeth 
on each blade employed in making traction on the 
cervix uteri. 

uterotubal (u-ter-o-tu'-bal). Relating to the uterus 
and the oviducts. 

uterovaginal (u-ter-o-vaj'-in-al). Relating to the 
uterus and vagina. 

uteroventral (u-ter-o-vent'-ral) [utero-; venter, the 
belly]. Relating to the uterus and the abdomen. 

uterovesical (u-ter-o-ves'-ik-al). Relating to the 
uterus and the bladder. ■■•••'. 

uterus (ii'-ter-us) [L.]. The womb; the organ of 
gestation, receiving the ovum in its cavity, retaining 
and supporting it during the development of the 
fetus, and becoming the principal agent in its ex- 
pulsion during parturition. It is a pear-shaped, 
muscular organ, three inches long, two inches wide, 
and one inch thick, and is divided into three por- 
tions — the fundus, the body, and the cervix. The 
fundus is the upper and broad portion; the body 
gradually narrows to the neck, which is the con- 
tracted portion. The orifice, os uteri, communicates 
with the vagina. The inner surface is covered with 
mucous membrane continuous with that of the vagina. 
The outer surface of the fundus and body is covered 
with peritoneum. The whole organ is suspended 
in the pelvis by means of the broad ligaments. The 
Fallopian tubes enter, one on each side of the fundus, 
at the cornua of the organ, u. acollis, a uterus in 
which the vaginal part is absent, u. arcuatus, a 
subvariety of uterus bicornis in which there is 
merely a vertical depression in the middle of the 
fundus uteri, u. bicornis, a uterus divided into 
two horns or compartments on account of an arrest 
of development, u. bicornis unicollis, a variety of 
double uterus in which the cervix is large and single. 
u., bifid. See u. septus, u. biforis, one in which 
the external os is divided anteroposteriorly by a 
septum, u. bilocularis, u., bipartite. See u. septus. 



u. biparititus unicollis, one in which the cervix is 
simple and only the body of the uterus is double. 
u. cordiformis, a heart-shaped uterus, a form due 
to faulty development, u. didelphys. See u. duplex. 
u. duplex, a uterus that is double from failure of the 
Muellerian ducts to unite, u., fetal, one of defective 
development, in which the length of the cervical 
canal exceeds the length of the cavity of the body. 
u., gravid, a pregnant uterus, u., infantile, a uterus 
normally formed, but arrested in development. 
u. masculinus, a small culdesac situated at the 
middle of the highest portion of the crest of the 
urethra. It is the analogue of the uterus of the 
female. Syn., prostatic vesicle; sinus pocularis; 
utricle, u. parvicollis, a malformation described by 
Herman in which the vaginal portion is small but 
the body normal; also called uterus acollis.' u.» 
sacciform, u., sacculated, a sacculation of the retro- 
verted pregnant uterus at term, u., semiduplex, 
one in which the two horns join at the os internum, 
and below the joint of junction there is no division 
at all, or a division not reaching to the os externum, 
u. semipartitus. See u. subseptus. u. septus, a 
uterus divided internally by a septum into two 
halves, more or less complete, anteroposteriorly. 
u. subseptus, one divided internally by an incom- 
plete septum; it may start from the fundus and 
reach all the way, or be present in the cervix only. 
Also called uterus semipartitus. u. unicornis, a 
uterus having but a single lateral half with usually 
only one Fallopian tube; it is>the result of faulty 
development. 

utricle (u'-trik-l) [uiriculus, dim. of uter, a small 
bag], i. A delicate membranous sac communicating 
with the semicircular canals of the ear. 2. The 
uterus masculinus. 

utricular (u-trik'-u-lar) [utricle]. 1. Pertaining 
to the utricle. 2. Shaped like a bladder. 

utriculitis {u-trik-u-li'-tis). Inflammation of the 
utricle. 

utriculosaccular {u-trik-u-lo-sak'-u-lar). Pertaining 
to the utricle and saccule of the ear. 

utriculus (u-trik'-u-lus). See utricle, u. hominis. 
See uterus masculinus. u. lachrymalis, the lacrymal 
sac. u. masculinus, u. prostaticus, u. urethrae, u. 
virilis. See uterus masculinus. 

utriform (il'-tre-form) [uter, bag; forma, form]. 
rBladder-shaped. 

uva (u'-vah) [L.; pi., uva]. A grape, u. passa, a 
raisin, u. ursi, the Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, or bear- 
berry of the order Ericaceae. Its leaves {uva ursi, 
U. S. P.; uva ursi folia, B. P.) contain a bitter, 
crystalline glucoside, arbutin, C12H15O7, splitting up 
into glucose and hydroquinone, C6EUO2. Uva ursi 
is astringent and tonic, and is used in chronic nephri- 
tis, pyelitis, cystitis, incontinence of urine, gleet, 
leukorrhea, etc. Dose 20 gr.-i dr. (1.3-4.0 Gm.). 
u. ursi, extract of. Unof. Dose 15-30 gr. (1-2 Gm.). 
u. ursi, fluidextract of {fluidextr actum uvce ursi,\J. 
S. P.). Dose 1 dr. (4 Co), u. ursi, infusion of 
(infusumuva ursi, B. P.). Dose 1-2 oz. (32-64 Co). 

uvae (u'-ve) [uva, a grape]. Raisins. The ripe 
fruit of Vitis vinifera, imported from Spain, u. 
passae majores, ordinary raisins, u. passse minores, 
Corinth raisins, or true currants. 

uvaeformis (u-ve-for'-mis) [uva, a grape; forma, 
form]. The middle layer of the choroid coat. 

uvea {u'-ve-dh) [uva]. The pigmented layer of 
the eye, comprising the iris, ciliary body, and choroid. 

uveal (u'-ve-al) [uvea]. Pertaining to the uvea. 

uveitic (u-ve-it'-ik). Pertaining to, or resembling 
uveitis. 

uveitis (u-ve-i'-tis) [uvea; iris, inflammation]. 
Inflammation of the uvea. 

uviform (u'-vi-form) [uva, a grape; forma, form]. 
Like a grape or bunch of grapes. 

uviol (u'-ve-ol) [u(ltra)-viol(et)]. A kind of glass 
which allows the ultraviolet rays to pass through. 
u. lamp, a lamp with uviol glass, for supplying the 
ultraviolet rays. 

uvula {u'-vu-lah) [L.]. The conical appendix hang- 
ing from the free edge of the soft palate and formed 
by muscles (azygos uvula?, levator and tensor palati), 
mucous membrane, and connective tissue, u. 
cerebelli, a small lobule of the inferior vermis of the 
cerebellum, forming the posterior boundary of the 
fourth ventricle, u. palatina, the uvula, u.-twitch, 
an expedient for keeping the uvula forward in 
posterior rhinoscopy, u. vermis, uvula of the 
vermis, u. cerebelli. Lieutaud's u., a ridge along 



UVUL/E 927 UZARA 

the middle of the trigone of the bladder, u. vesicae, [see uvulotomy]. An instrument used in performing 

a prominence at the internal orifice of the urethra. uvulatomy. 

uvulae (u'-vu-le). The azygos uvulae muscle. uvulotomy, uvulatomy {u-vu-lot'-o-me, u-vu-lat'-o- 

See muscles. me) [uvula; ron-h, a cutting]. The operation of 

uvular (u'-vii-lar) [uvula]. Pertaining to the uvula, cutting off the uvula. 

uvularis (u-vu-la'-ris) [uvula]. The azygos uvula? uvulitis (u-vu-li'-tis) [uvula; it«, inflammation], 

muscle. See under muscle. Inflammation of the uvula. 

uvuloptosis, uvulaptosis (u-vil-lop-to'-sis, u-vu-lap- uzara (u-zah'-rah). A preparation made from the 

to' -sis) [uvula; -ktuxtls, falling]. A related and root of an African plant belonging to the Asclepia- 

pendulous condition of the uvula. dacece. It is used in bacillary dysentery and in 

uvulotome, uvulatome {u'-vu-lot-om, u'-vii-lat-om) diarrhea, and is said to contain no tannin. 



V. i. Abbreviation of vision or acuity of vision, 
also of volt. 2. The chemical symbol of vanadium. 

vaccigenous (vak-sij'-en-us) [vaccine; yewav, to 
produce]. Producing or cultivating vaccine virus. 

vaccin (vak'-sin) [vacca, a cow]. See vaccine. 

vaccina (vak-si'-nah). See vaccinia. 

vaccinable (vak'-sin-a-bl) [vaccine]. Susceptible 
of successful vaccination. 

vaccinal (vak'-sin-al) [vaccine]. Pertaining to 
vaccination or to vaccine, v. fever, a mild fever 
after vaccination. 

vaccinate (vak'-sin-at) [vaccine], i. To inoculate 
with the virus of vaccinia. 2. To inoculate with any 
virus in order to produce immunity against an in- 
fectious disease. 

vaccination (vak-sin-a'-shun) [vaccinate]. 1. In- 
oculation with the virus of cowpox in order to pro- 
tect against smallpox. 2. Inoculation with any 
virus to produce immunity against an infectious 
disease, v., animal. See v., bovine, v., arm-to- 
arm, that method of vaccination in which the virus 
is carried from the arm of one patient to that of 
another, v., bovine, that practised by the aid of 
vaccine-lymph cultivated in bovine animals, v., 
compulsory, the law compelling the vaccination of 
infants within a certain period after birth, v., 
Jennerian, vaccination (1). v.-rash, a rash some- 
times following vaccination; it is usually transitory 
but sometimes assumes an eczematous or erythem- 
atous form. It may also be syphilitic, v.-syphilis. 
See vaccino-syphilis. 

vaccinationist (vak-sin-a'-shun-ist). An advocate 
of Jennerian vaccination. 

vaccinator (vak'-sin-a-tor) [vaccinate], 1. One who 
vaccinates. 2. An instrument used for vaccinating. 

vaccine (vak'-sen) [vacca, a cow]. 1. Lymph 
from a cowpox vesicle. 2. Any substance used for 
preventive inoculation, v., autogenous, a vaccine 
made from a culture obtained from the patient 
himself, v., bacterial, an emulsion of dead bacteria 
in normal salt solution used hypodermically for the 
purpose of raising the opsonic index of a patient 
suffering from infection by the same bacteria; and 
see bacterine. v., body, cytorrhyctes. v., bovine, 
that derived from the cow. v., corresponding, a 
vaccine prepared from vaccine of the same species 
as those causing an infection, but not derived from 
the patient himself, v.-farm, a farm upon which 
vaccine virus is systematically produced and col- 
lected, v., Haffkine's, v., Wright's. See Haffkine, 
Wright, v., heterogenous, one prepared from 
organisms derived from some source other than the 
patient in whose treatment they are to be used; the 
source is usually a "stock" culture, v., humanized, 
that from vaccinal vesicles of mah. v., lymph, the 
virus of vaccine, v., mixed, a vaccine prepared from 
more than one species of bacteria, v., multivalent. 
Same as v., polyvalent, v., point, a slip of quill or 
bone coated at one end with vaccine lymph, v., 
polyvalent, a bacterial vaccine made from cultures 
of two or more strains of the same species of bacteria. 
v. rash, an erythema after vaccination, v., stock. 
Same as vaccine, corresponding, v., virus, the virus 
of vaccinia. 

vaccinella (vak-sin-el'-ah) [vaccinia]. Spurious 
vaccinia. A secondary eruption sometimes following 
cowpox. 

vaccinia (vak-sin'-e-ah) [vacca, a cow]. Cowpox, 
a contagious disease of cows transmissible to man by 
vaccination and conferring immunity against small- 
pox. In the human subject inoculated with cowpox 
a small papule appears at the site of inoculation in 
from one to three days, which becomes a vesicle 
about the fifth day, and at the end of the first week 
is pustular, umbilicated, and surrounded by a red 
areola. Desiccation begins in the second week and 
a scab forms, which soon falls off, leaving a white, 
pitted cicatrix. 



vaccinifer (yak-sin' -if -er) [vaccine; ferre, to bear]. 
A person or animal from whom vaccine-virus is 
taken ; a vaccine-point. 

vacciniform (vak-sin'-if-orm) [vaccine; forma, form]. 
Resembling vaccinia. 

vacciniola (vak-sin-i'-o-lah) [dim. of vaccinia]* 
A secondary eruption, sometimes following vaccinia, 
and resembling the eruption of smallpox. 

vacciniin (vak-sin'-e-in). The same as arbutin. 

vaccinism (vak'-sin-izm). The theory of the 
efficacy of vaccination. 

vaccinist (vak'-sin-ist). A practiser or defender of 
vaccination; one who believes in the efficacy of 
vaccination. 

Vaccinium (yak-sin' -e-um) [L., "blueberry"]. A 
genus of plants to which belong »the cranberry, blue- 
berry, bilberry, etc., of many species. V. crassi- 
folium is used in catarrhal inflammations of the 
urinary tract. V. myrtillus, the bilberry, is indig- 
enous to Europe, and yields fruits which are dried 
for use in decoction for diarrhea and leukoplakia; 
the leaves are used in diabetes. An extract, extr actum 
myrtilli winternitzi, is a specific for stomatitis and a 
prominent remedy for affections of the mouth and 
tongue. Paint the affected parts every hour. 

vaccinization (vak-sin-i-za'-shun). Thorough vac- 
cination by repeated inoculations. 

vaccinogen (vak-sin'-o-jen) [vaccine; ya>vav, to 
produce]. The person or animal from which or 
from whom vaccine virus is taken. 

vaccinogenous (vak-sin-oj'-en-us) . See vaccigenous. 

vaccinoid (vak'-sin-oid) [vaccine; eiSos, form]. 
Resembling vaccinia; vaccinella. 

vaccinophobia (vak-sin-o-fo'-be-ah) [vaccine; #6/Sos, 
fear]. Morbid dread of vaccination. 

vaccinostyle (vak-sin'-o-stile) [vaccine; stylus, a 
pointed instrument]. A small metallic lance for use 
in vaccinating. 

vaccinosyphilis (vak-sin-o-sif'-il-is) [vaccine; syph- 
ilis]. Syphilis conveyed by vaccination with 
contaminated virus, or by a contaminated instrument. 

vaccinotherapy (vak-sin-o-ther'-ap-e). The thera- 
peutic use of bacterial vaccines. 

vacillatio (vas-sil-a'-she-o) [vacillare, to stagger]. 
Staggering, swaying, v. dentium, looseness of the 
teeth. 

vacuolar (vak'-u-o-lar) [vacuole]. Pertaining to or 
of the nature of a vacuole. 

vacuolate, vacuolated (vak'-u-o-late, vak'-u-o-la-ted). 
Having or pertaining to vacuoles. 

vacuolated (vak'-u-o-la-ted). Of a cell, containing 
one or more vacuoles. 

vacuolation (vak-u-o-la'-shun) [vacuole]. The 
formation of vacuoles; the state of being vacuolated. 

vacuole (vak'-u-ol) [vacuus, empty]. A clear space 
in a cell, v., contractile, a vacuole in the proto- 
plasm of certain protozoa, which gradually increases 
in size and then collapses, v., diffusion, in the in 
vitro method of examining living cells, minute droplets 
of the surrounding colored liquid which have been 
absorbed by the cell. 

vacuolization (vak-u-o-li-za'-shun). Same as vacu- 
olation. 

vacuum (vak'-u-um) [L.]. A space from which 
the air has been exhausted, v., high, a vacuum in 
which the exhaustion of air has been very great, 
v., plate, in dentistry, a term applied to a plate 
on which artificial teeth are mounted, having an air 
chamber to assist in its retention in the mouth. 
v., Toricellian, the vacuum above the mercury in the 
tube of a barometer. 

vadum (va'-dum) [L., a shallow]. Plural, vada. 
A shallow in the depths of any fissure of the brain. 

vagabond's disease. Parasitic melanoderma, a 
pigmentation of the skin from chronic irritation by 
pediculi. 

vagal (va'-gal) [vagare, to wander]. Pertaining to 
the vagus nerve. 



VAGINA 



929 



VALEUR GLOBULAIRE 



vagina {va-ji'-nah) [L.]. i. A sheath. 2. The 
musculomembranous canal extending from the 
vulvar opening to the cervix uteri, insheathing the 
latter and the penis during copulation, v. bulbi. 
See v. oculi. v., bulb of, bulbus vestibuli, a small 
body of erectile tissue on each side of the vestibule 
of the vagina, v. cordis, the pericardium, v. fe- 
moris, the fascia lata of the thigh, v. oculi, Tenon's 
capsule. 

vaginal (vaj'-in-aV) [vagina]. 1. Pertaining to or 
of the nature of a sheath, as the vaginal tunic (tunica 
vaginalis of the testicle). 2. Pertaining to the 
vagina. 

vaginalectomy (vaj-in-al-ek'-to-me). See vaginec- 
tomy (2). 

vaginalis (vaj-in-a'-lis) [vagina]. Vaginal. 
vaginalitis (vaj-in-al-i'-tis) [vaginalis, of a sheath; 
iru, inflammation]. Inflammation of the tunica 
vaginalis of the testicle. . 

vaginant (vaj'-in-ant) [vaginare, to sheath]. Sheath- 
ing; vaginal. 

vaginapexy (vaj-in-a-pek'-se). 1. See vaginopexy. 
2. See colpopexy. 
vaginate (vaj'-in-at) [see vaginant]. Sheathed, 
vaginectomy (vaj-in-ek'-to-me) [vagina; enroM, 
excision]. 1. Excision of the vagina. 2. Excision 
of the tunica vaginalis. 

vaginicoline (vaj-in-ik'-o-len) [vagina, vagina; 
colere, to inhabit]. Living in the vagina, as an 
animalcule. 

vaginiferous (vaj-in-if'-er-us) [vagina, vagina; 
ferre, to bear]. Producing or bearing a vagina. 

vaginigluteus, vaginiglutasus (vaj-in-i-gloo-te'-us) 
[vagina; gluteus]. The tensor vagina? femoris. See 
under muscle. 

vaginismus (vaj-in-iz'-mus) [vagina]. Painful 
spasm of the vagina, v., mental, that due to ex- 
treme aversion to the sexual act. v., perineal, that 
due to spasm of the perineal muscles, v., posterior, 
that due to spasm of the levator ani muscle, v., 
vulvar, that due to spasm of the levator ani. 

vaginitis (vaj-in-i'-tis) [vagina; ens, inflammation]. 
1. Inflammation of the vagina. 2. Inflammation 
of a sheath. 

vagino- (vaj-in-o-) [vagina]. A prefix denoting 
pertaining to the vagina. 

vagmoabdominal (vaj-in-o-ab-dom'-in-al). Relating 
to the vagina and abdomen. 

vaginocele (vaj'-in-o-sel) [vagino-; ktjXtj, a hernia, 
or tumor]. Colpocele. 

vaginodynia (taj-in-o-din'-e-ah) [vagino-; 65vvq, 
pain]._ Neuralgic pain of the vagina. 

vaginofixation (vaj-in-o-fiks-a'-shun) [vagino-; fixa- 
tion]. 1. An operation whereby the vagina is ren- 
dered immovable. 2. Vaginal hysteropexy. 

vaginomycosis (vaj-in-o-mi-ko'-sis). Mycosis af- 
fecting the vagina. 

vaginoperitoneal (vaj-in-o-per-it-o-ne'-al). Relating 
to the vagina and the peritoneum. 

vaginopexy {vaj'-in-o-peks-e) [vagino-; xTjfis, a 
fixing]. 1. The preservation of the tunica vaginalis 
which results from extraserous transplantation of the 
testicle in cases of varicocele. 2. Vaginofixation. 

vaginoscope (vaj'-in-o-skop) [vagino-; o-ko-k^Iv, to 
view]. A vaginal speculum. 

vaginoscopy (vaj-in-os'-ko-pe) [vagino-; o-ko-wHv, 
to view]. Inspection of the vagina. 

vaginotomy (vaj-in-ot'-o-me) [vagino-; Tout, sec- 
tion]. _ Incision of the vagina; colpotomy. 

vaginovesical (vaj-in-o-ves'-ik-al). See vesico- 
vaginal. 

vaginovulvar (vaj-in-o-vul'-var). See vulvovaginal. 

vagitus (va-ji'-tus) [vagire, to cry]. The cry of 

an infant, v. uterinus, the cry of a child while 

still in the uterus, v., vaginalis, the cry of a child 

while the head is still in the vagina. 

vagoaccessorius (va-go-ak-ses-o'-re-us) . The vagus 
and accessorius nerves considered as one. 

vagotomized (va-got'-om- Izd). Applied to an animal 
in which the vagi nerves have been severed in- 
tentionally. 

vagotomy (va-got'-o-me) [vagus; tout), a cutting]. 
Division of the vagus nerve. 

vagotonia, vagotony (va-go-to'-ne-ah, va-got'-o-ne) 
[vagus; rovos, tension]. Irritability of the vagus 
nerve. 

vagotonic (va-go-ton'-ik). Pertaining to or charac- 
terized by vagotonia. 

vagrant {va'-grant) [vagare, to wander]. Wander- 
ing, as a vagrant cell, v.'s disease, a discoloration 



of the skin occurring especially in elderly persons 
who are of uncleanly habits and infested with vermin, 
vagus (va'-gus) [vagare, to wander]. The pneumo- 
gastric nerve. See under nerve, v.-pneumonia, 
pneumonia following section of the vagi in the lower 
animals, and due to the aspiration of food into the 
air-passages, v.-pulse, a slow pulse due to the 
inhibitory action of the vagus on the heart. 

Valangin's solution (va-lan' -jin) [Francis Joseph 
Pahud de Valangin, English physician, 1 725-1 805]. 
A solution of arsenic trioxide in dilute hydrochloric 
acid ; the liquor acidi arsenosi of the U. S. P. 

valdivin (val'-div-in). An emetic principle derived 
from the fruit of Simaba valdivia. 

valence, valency (va'-lens, va'-len-se) [valere, to be 
worth]. The relative combining capacity of an 
atom compared with that of the atom of hvdrogen. 
Valenta's test for fats (val-en'-tah). Mix thor- 
oughly in a test-tube equal volumes of fat and 
glacial acetic acid, sp. gr. 1.0562; apply heat if the 
oil does not dissolve in the cold. Three classes of 
oils are distinguished, according as solution takes 
place at ordinary temperatures, at temperatures up 
to the boiling-point of glacial acetic acid, or whether 
even then solution is incomplete. In the case of oils 
dissolving upon application of heat, the temperature 
is observed at which upon cooling turbiditv ap- 
pears. 

Valentin's corpuscles (vol' -en-tin) [Michael Bernard 
T alentin, German anatomist, 1657-1729]. Small 
bodies, said to be amyloid, occasionally found in 
nerve tissue. V.'s ganglion, a gangliform enlarge- 
ment found occasionally above the root of the second 
bicuspid, at the junction of the middle and posterior 
dental nerves; root, posterior and middle dental 
nerves; distribution, filaments to the teeth. V.'s 
limiting membrane. See Schwann, sheath of. 

Valentine's reaction for fuchsin. Upon shaking 
ether with a solution containing fuchsin the ether 
does not dissolve the coloring-matter, but upon 
adding ferrous iodide the ether is colored violet. 

valeral (val'-ur-al), C4H3COH. Isovaleric alde- 
hyde, or amyl aldehyde, an oxidation product of 
amyl alcohol. 

valeraldehyde (val-ur-aV -de-hid). Amy] aldehyde, 
C4H9 . COH. 

valeraldine (val-ur -al' -den) . A synthetic alkaloid 
formed from valeral ammonia by the action of 
hydrogen sulphide. 

valerate (val'-er-at). Any salt of valeric acid; 
same as valerianate. 

valerene (val'-ur-en). Amylene. 
valerian (val-e'-re-an). A plant of the genus 
Valeriana. The root of Valeriana officinalis (Valeri- 
ana, U. S. P.; Valeriana rhizoma, B. P.) contains a 
volatile oil, from which valeric acid is obtained, 
valerian is employed as a mild nervous stimulant in 
hysteria, migraine, low fevers, etc. Dose 30 gr. 
(2 Gm.). v., fluidextract of (fiuidextr actum Valerianae, 
U. S. P.). Dose 1 dr. (4 Cc). v., infusion of (in- 
fusum Valeriana, B. P.). Dose 1-2 oz. (32-64 Cc). 
v., oil of (oleum Valeriana, B. P.). Dose 4-5 min. 
(0.26-0.32 Cc). v., tincture of (tincture Valeriana, 
U. S. P., B. P.). Dose 1-3 dr. (4-12 Cc). v., 
tmcture of, ammoniated (tinctura Valeriana am- 
moniata, U. S. P., B. P.). Dose 1-3 dr. (4-12 Cc). 
Valeriana (va-le-re-a'-nah). A genus of plants; 
also the rhizome and rootlets of V. officinalis; it is 
an antispasmodic and stimulant. See valerian. 

valerianate (val-e'-re-an-dt). A salt of valerianic 
acid; those of ammonium, iron, quinine, and zinc 
are official. 

valeric acid, valerianic acid (va-le'-rik, val-e-re- 
an'-ik).^ See acid, valeric. 

valeridin (val-er'-id-in). See valeryl-phenetidin. 
valerol (val'-er-ol). A clear oilv liquid of un- 
pleasant odor, obtained from valerian; valerian 
camphor. 

valerophen (va-ler'-o-fen). A phenolphthalein 
methyl derivative of valeric acid. 
_ valeryl (val'-er-il). The radical C5H9O. v.-phene- 
tidin, C6H 4 (OC2H 5 )NH . C5H9O; it is sedative and 
antineuralgic Dose 8-15 gr. (0.5-1.0 Gm.). 

valetudinarian (val-el-u-din-a' -re-an) [valetudin- 
arius; valetudo, health]. An invalid. 

valeur globulaire (val'-er glob-u-lair') [Ft. "globular 
value"]. The proportion of hemoglobin to the 
number of red corpuscles, expressed in terms of the 
amount of hemoglobin in an individual corpuscle. 
The color index. 



VALGOID 



930 



VALVULITIS 



valgoid (val'-goid) [valgus; elSos, likeness]. Re- 
sembling valgus. 

valgus (val'-gus) [L., bow-legged], i. Bow-legged. 
2. A condition in which the arch of the foot is de- 
pressed so that the inner side of the sole rests upon 
the ground. Syn., genu varum; splay-foot; talipes 
valgus. 

validol (val'-id-ol) [valerian; menthol]. The chem- 
ically pure combination of menthol and valeiic acid 
with the addition of 30% free menthol. It is a col- 
orless, somewhat viscous fluid, with a pleasant odor 
and cooling taste. It is claimed to have powerful 
analeptic and carminative properties, and is an ex- 
cellent solvent and vehicle for menthol. It is also 
employed as an antispasmodic; in migraine; as a 
specific in alcoholic intoxication; as a prophylactic 
against sea-sickness, etc. Dose 10-15 drops daily 
on sugar, v., camphorated, validol containing 10% 
of camphor, used in scotoma scintillans. Dose 10- 
15 drops. 

valin (val'-in). (CH 3 ) 2 . CH . CHNH2 . COOH. 
Alpha aminoiso valeric acid. 

vallate (val'-dt) [vallum, rampart]. Surrounded 
with a walled depression; cupped. And see circum- 
vallate. 

vallecula (val-ek'-u-lah) [vallis, a valley; pi., val- 
lecula]. A shallow groove or depression, v. cere- 
belli, the depression between the cerebellar hemi- 
spheres, v. epiglottica, a depression between the 
lateral and median glosso-epiglottic folds on each 
side, vallecula linguae, the glosso-epiglottic fossae, v. 
ovata, the fissure of the liver which contains the gall- 
bladder, v. Sylvii, a cerebral depression which de- 
velops into the fissure of Sylvius, v. unguis, the 
depression in the skin for the root of the nail. 

Valleix's points douloureux (val-lay') [Francois 
Louis Isidore Valleix, French physician, 1807-1855]. 
Painful points found in peripheral neuralgias where 
the nerves pass through openings in fascia or issue 
from bony canals. 

Vallet's mass (val-la). Massa ferri carbonatis. 
Ferrous sulphate, 100; sodium carbonate, no; honey, 
38; sugar, 25; syrup and distilled water, of each, 
enough to make 100 parts. 

valley of the cerebellum. See vallecula cerebelli. 

Valli-Ritter's law. See Ritter-Valli's law. 

vallis (val'-is). See vallecula cerebelli. v. alarum, 
valley of the arm-pits; the axilla, v. femorum, the 
vulva. 

vallum {val'-um) [L.]. The supercilium or eye- 
brow, v. unguis, the nail wall. 

valoid (val'-oid) [valere, to be equal]. 1. Trade 
name applied to certain galenical preparations. 2. 
A name for certain fluid extracts, equal weights of 
which and of the drugs from which they are prepared, 
have the same strength. 

valonia (val-o'-ne-ah) [fiaXavos, an acorn]. The 
acorn cups of Quercus esgilops; it is used as an astrin- 
gent in diarrhea. 

Valsalva's experiment (val-sal'-vah) [Antoine Marie 
Valsalva, Italian anatomist, 1666-1723]. Strong ex- 
piratory efforts made while the mouth and nose are 
closed cause at first an increase, and when continued, 
finally a diminution, of blood-pressure. The phe- 
nomenon is due to reflex actions of the vasomotor 
center through the pulmonary nerves. V.'s liga- 
ments, the extrinsic ligaments of the pinna of the ear. 
V.'s liquor. See Scarpa's liquor. V.'s method of 
treating internal aneurysm, by general depletion, 
such as purging, bleeding, and restricted diet. V.'s 
sinus, one of the pouch like dilatations of the aorta or 
pulmonary artery opposite the segments of the semi- 
lunar valves. V.'s test, inflation of the tympanic 
cavity with air by means of forcible expiratory efforts 
made while the nose and mouth are tightly closed. 
Perforation of the tympanic membrane may be de- 
tected by this test. 

valsol (val'-sol). An ointment-vehicle consisting of 
a mixture of oxygenized hydrocarbons, which forms 
an emulsionized mass with water and readily dis- 
solves iodine, iodoform, ichthyol, etc. 

Valsuani's disease. Pernicious progressive anemia 
occurring in pregnancy. 

value, globular. A fraction of which the numer- 
ator is the percentage of hemoglobin and the denom- 
inator the percentage of red corpuscles. It indicates 
the percentage of hemoglobin in a corpuscle. Syn., 
valeur globulaire. 

valule (val'-iil). Trade name for capsules con- 
taining divided doses of a substance. 



valva (val'-vah) [valva, the leaf of a door; pi., val- 
ves]. A valve, v. Tulpii, the ileocecal valve. 

valval, valvar (val'-val, val'-var) [valva, valve]. Per- 
taining to a valve. 

valvate {val'-vate) [valva, the leaf of a door]. Re- 
sembling or functioning as a valve; provided with a 
valve. 

valve (valv) [valva, a door]. 1. A device placed in a 
tube or canal so as to permit free passage one way, but 
not in the opposite direction. 2. A fold of membrane 
acting as a valve, as valve of the heart, v. Amussat's. 
See Heister's valve, v., aortic, the valve consisting 
of three semilunar segments, situated at the junction 
of the aorta with the heart, v.s, auriculoventricular, 
the mitral and tricuspid valves, v., Bauhin's, the 
ileocecal valve, v., bicuspid. See v., mitral, v., 
coronary, the valve protecting the orifice of the cor- 
onary sinus and preventing regurgitation of blood 
during the contraction of the right auricle, v., Eu- 
stachian, that between the inferior vena cava and the 
right auricle of the fetus, v. of Hasner, an imperfect 
valve at the inferior meatus of the nose, v., Heis- 
ter's, a fold of mucous membrane at the neck of the 
gall-bladder, v. of Houston, three oblique folds in 
the mucous membrane of the rectum at about the 
level of the prostate, v., ileocecal, the folds of mu- 
cous membrane at the junction of the ileum and ce- 
cum, v. of Kerkring, any one of the valVulae con- 
niventes (q. v.). v.s, laryngeal* a term applied to 
the superior or false vocal bands because of their 
supposed use in holding the breath, v., mitral, the 
valve that controls the opening from the left auricle 
to the left ventricle; it is constituted of two leaflets. 
v., pulmonary, v., pulmonic, the valve composed of 
three semilunar leaflets, and situated at the junction 
of the pulmonary artery and the right ventricle, v.'s, 
rectal, semilunar folds fixed to the rectum by their 
convex borders, occupying in their attachments from 
one-third to one-half the circumference of the gut. 
They are composed of a duplicature of the mucous 
membrane inclosing some cellular tissue and a few 
circular muscular fibers. The margins and diam- 
eters of these pass each other when the rectum is 
empty and present an additional barrier to the in- 
voluntary evacuation of the feces, retarding down- 
ard movement, v.s semilunar, the three valves 
guarding the orifice of the pulmonary artery and 
aorta, v.s, sigmoid. See v.s, semilunar, v.-test, 
Azoulay's, auscultation of the heart while the patient 
is lying with the arms raised perpendicularly and the 
legs lifted obliquely, v. of Thebesius, the coronary 
valve or fold of the endocardium of the right auricle 
which protects the coronary sinus, v., tricuspid, 
that which controls the opening from the right auricle 
to the right ventricle; it consists of three segments. 
v. of Varolius, the ileocecal valve, v. of Vieussens, 
a thin leaf of medullary substance forming the roof 
of the anterior portion of the fourth ventricle of the 
brain. 

valviform (val'-vif-orm) [valva, valve; forma, form]. 
Valvular. 

valvotomy (val-vot'-o-me) [valva, valve; ron-q, in- 
cision]. Cutting a valve; especially the valves of the 
rectum. 

valvula (val'-vu-lah) [dim. of valva, a valve; pi., 
valvules]. 1. A small valve. 2. The superior medul- 
lary velum, v. bicuspidalis, the mitral valve, v. 
caeci or coli, the ileocecal valve, v. cerebelli, valve 
of Vieussens. v. Eustachii, the Eustachian valve. 
v. fossae navicularis, the valve of Guerin. v. lac- 
rimalis inferior, the plica lacrimalis or valve of Hasner. 
v. processus vermiformis, a fold of mucous membrane 
at the opening of the appendiceal canal, v. pylori, 
circular fold of mucous membrane at the pyloric 
orifice, v. semilunaris, one of the semilunar valve 
leaflets of the heart, v. sinus coronarii, the coronary 
valve or valve of Thebesius. v. sinus sinistri, the 
interauricular valve, v. spiralis, the valve of Heister. 
v. tricuspidalis, the tricuspid valve, v. vaginae, the 
hymen, v. venae cavae inferioris, the Eustachian 
valve, v. vestibuli sinistra, the right venous valve 
of the embryonic heart. 

valvulae {val'-vu-le) [pi. of valvula]. valvulae con- 
niventes, the transverse folds of mucous membrane 
of the small intestine. Syn., valves of Kerkring. 
valvulae cuspidales, the mitral and tricuspid valves. 

valvular (val'-vu-lar) [valve]. Pertaining to or orig- 
inating at a valve. 

valvule (val'-vul) [valvula]. A small valve. 

valvulitis (val-vii-li'-tis) [valve; ins, inflammation]. 



VALYL 



931 



VARICOSITY 



Inflammation of a valve, especially of a cardiac 
valve. 

valyl (val'-il), CH3.CH2.CHiN(C2H 5 )2, valerianic- 
acid diethylamide; a colorless, limpid fluid, used in 
nervous diseases. Dose 2 gr. (0.125 Gm.) in capsule 
three times daily. 

valylene (val'-il-en) C5H6. A hydrocarbon with 
an alliaceous odor, a homologue of vinyl acetylene; 
pen tone. 

valzin (yal'-zin). See sucrol. 

vampirism (vam'-pi-rizm). The insane belief that 
one's blood is being sucked by another person at 
night. 

vanadate (van'-ad-dt). A salt of vanadic acid. 

vanadic acid (van-ad' -ik) , H3VO4. An acid derived 
from vanadium; it forms salts called vanadates. 

vanadin (van'-ad-in). A remedy recommended in 
pulmonary tuberculosis, said to consist of a solution 
of a vanadium salt with sodium chloride. 

vanadium (van-a'-de-um) [Vanadis, a goddess of 
Scandinavian mythology]. A rare metallic element. 
Symbol, V; atomic weight, 51. See elements, table of 
chemical. 

Van Buren's disease (van-bu'-ren) [William Holme 
Van Buren, American surgeon, 1810-1883]. Chronic 
circumscribed infiltration of the corpus cavernosum, 
one of the erectile bodies of the penis. V. B.'s oper- 
ation, for prolapse of the anus; a linear cauterization 
of the mucosa with the Paquelin's cautery. 

Van Deen's test for blood in the urine [Izaak Van 
Deen, Dutch physician, 1804-1869]. The addition 
of 2 Cc. of tincture, of guaiac and 2 Cc. of old oil of 
turpentine produces a blue color in the presence of 
blood or pus. 

Vandellia (van-del' -e-ah) [ — Vandelli, Italian bot- 
anist]. A genus of scrophulariaceous plants. V. 
diffusa, of S. America, is emetic and purgative, and 
said to be useful in hepatic and intestinal diseases. 

Van den Velden's test [Reinhardt Van den Velden, 
German physician, 1851- ]• For free hydrochloric 
acid in the gastric juice; methylene blue solution is 
turned from violet to blue or green in presence of the 
force acid. Also called Maly's test. 

Van der Kolk's law. See Kolk's law. 

Van Gehuchten's fixative and hardening fluid. 
Consists of glacial acetic acid, 10 parts; chloroform, 
30 parts; absolute alcohol, 60 parts. 

Van Gieson's stain (van-ge'-zon) [Ira Van Gieson, 
American histologist]. Satured aqueous solution of 
picric acid 100 Cc, with 5 Cc. of a one per cent, solu- 
tion of acid fuchsin. 

Van Harlingen's formula. It consists of 1 dram of 
precipitated sulphur, with five grains of powdered 
camphor, 10 of powdered gum tragacanth, and one 
ounce each of rose-water and lime-water. Used in 
treatment of acne rosacea. 

Van Helmont's mirror (van-heV -mont) [Jean 
Baptiste Van Helmont, Belgian physician, 1577- 
1644]. The central tendon of the diaphragm. 

Van Hook's operation [Weller Van Hook, American 
surgeon]. Ureteroureterostomy. 

Van Hoorne's canal [John Van Hoorne, Dutch 
anatomist, 1621-1670]. Thoracic duct. 

vanilla (van-il'-ah) [L.|. A genus of plants of the 
order Orchidece. The fruit of V. planifolia is the van- 
illa of the U. S. P. It contains from 1 to 3% of 
vanillin (q. v.). Vanilla is used as a flavoring agent, 
and as an ingredient of a test-solution for hydro- 
chloric acid, v., tincture of (tinctura vanilla, U. S. 
P.), vanilla, sugar, alcohol, and water. 

vanillin (van-il'-in). Vanillinum (U. S. P.), CgHs- 
O3, an aromatic crystalline principle, the methyl 
ether of protocatechuic aldehyde. Dose § gr. (0.03 
Gm.). v.-paraphenetidin, a crystalline condensa- 
tion-product of vanillin with paraphenetidin; it is 
hypnotic, antineuralgic, and styptic. Dose 24-30 
gr. (1.5-2.0 Gm.). 

vanillism (van-il'-izm) [vanilla], A form of der- 
matitis characterized by marked itching, occurring 
among vanilla workers. 

Van Swieten's liquor, Van S.'s solution [van-sve'- 
tenz) [Gerard Van Swieten, Dutch physician, 1700- 
1772]. A solution of mercuric chloride 2 gr., alcohol 
3 dr., distilled water sufficient to make 4 oz. 

Van't Hoff's law [Jacobus Henricus Van't Hoff, 
Dutch chemist, 1 852-191 1]. The osmotic pressure 
exerted by any substance in solution is the same as it 
would exert if present as a gas in the same volume as 
that occupied by the solution, provided that the so- 
lution is so dilute that the volume occupied by the 



solute is negligible in comparison with that occupied 
by the solvent. 

vapoaural massage (va-po-aw'-ral]. Massage of 
the tympanum by medicated vapors. 

vapocauterization (va-po-kaw-ter-iz-a'-shun). See 
atmocausia. 

vapocresolin (va-po-kres'-o-lin) [vapor; cresolin]. 
A popular remedy in the treatment of laryngeal 
diphtheria. 

vapor (va'-por) [L.]. A gas, especially the gaseous 
form of a substance which at ordinary temperatures 
is liquid or solid, v. bath, the therapeutic appli- 
cation of steam or of some other vapor to the body, 
in a suitable apparatus or apartment, v. douche, a 
jet of vapor impinging upon some part of the surface 
of the body. 

vaporarium (va-por-a'-re-um) [L.]. A vapor-bath; 
an establishment for giving vapor-baths. 

vapores uterini. Synonym of hysteria. 

vaporimeter (va-po-rim'-el-ur) [vapor ; pkrpov, meas- 
ure]. An apparatus for determining the tension of 
vapor. 

vaporish (va'-por-ish). Hysterical, splenetic. 

vaporium (va-por'-e-um). An apparatus for giving 
vapor baths or douches. 

vaporization (va-por-i-za'-shun) [vapor]. The con- 
version of a solid or liquid into a vapor. 

vaporize (va'-por-lz) [vapor]. To convert into vapor. 

vaporizer (va'-por -i-zer) [vapor]. An atomizer, a 
nebulizer. 

vaporole (va'-por-oV) [vapor]. Trade name of a 
glass capsule containing a drug for inhalation, or for 
hypodermic injection. 

vapors (va'-por z). Lowness of spirits; hysteria. 

Vaquez's disease (vak-kay') [H. Vaquez, French 
physician]. Polycythemia with cyanosis, enlarged 
spleen, and disease of the bone-marrow. 

varalette (var-al-et'). Trade name of a compressed 
effervescent tablet. 

variability (va-re-a-bil'-it-e) [variare, to change]. 
Ability of the organism or race to adapt itself to its 
environment. 

variation (va-re-a'-shun) [variare, to change]. De- 
viation from a given type as the result of environ- 
ment, natural selection, or cultivation and domesti- 
cation, v., double, the double current produced in a 
muscle by the passage of a single induction shock, 
v., negative, the diminution of the muscle current 
caused by stimulation of the motor nerve. 

varicated (var'-ik-a-ted) [varix, varix]. Having 
varices. 

varication (var-ik-a'-shun) [varix, varix]. The for- 
mation of a varix; a system of varices. 

varicella (var-is-el'-ah) [dim. of variola, smallpox]. 
Chickenpox; an acute, contagious disease of child- 
hood, characterized by an eruption of transparent 
vesicles which appear in successive crops on different 
parts of the body. v. gangrenosa, varicella in which 
the eruption leads to a gangrenous ulceration, v., 
pustular. _ Same as varioloid. 

varicelliform (var-is-el'-e-form). Characterized by 
vesicles resembling those of varicella. 

varicelloid (var-is-el'-oid) [varicella; eiSos, like]. 
Resembling varicella. 

varices (var'-is-ez) [L.]. Plural of varix. 

variciform (var-is'-i-form) [varix; forma, a form]. 
Having the form of a varix. 

varicoblepharon (var-ik-o-blef'-ar-on) [varix; p\e<f>- 
apov, eyelid]. A varicosity of the eyelid. 

varicocele (var'-ik-o-sel) [varix; ktiXtj, a tumor]. Di- 
latation of the veins of the spermatic cord, forming a 
soft, elastic swelling, v., ovarian, varicosity of the 
veins of the broad ligament, v., utero-ovarian, a vari- 
cose condition of the veins of the pampiniform plexus 
in the broad ligament. 

varicocelectomy (var-ik-o-se-lek'-to-me) [varicocele; 
iKTo/iri, excision]. Excision of a varicocele. 

varicoid (var'-ik-oid) [varix; eZSos, resemblance]. 
Resembling a varix. 

varicole (var'-ik-ol). Same as varicocele. 

varicomphalus (var-ik-om'-fal-us) [varix; bp,<f>ahbs, 
navel]. A varicosity at the navel. 

varicose (var'-ik-os) [varix], 1. Of blood-vessels, 
swollen, knotted, and tortuous. 2. Due to varicose 
veins, as varicose ulcer, v. aneurysm. See under 
aneurysm, arteriovenous. 

varicosis (var-ik-o'-sis) [varicose]. An abnormal 
dilatation of the veins. 

varicosity (var-ik-os'-it-e) [varicose]. The condi- 
tion of being varicose; a varicose portion of a vein. 



VARICOTOMY 



932 



VASOMOTOR 



varicotomy (var-ik-ot'-o-me) [varix ; touv, a cutting]. 
Excision of a varicose vein. See cirsotomy. 

varicula (var-ik'-u-lah) [dim. of varix]. A varix of 
the conjunctiva. 

variety (va-ri'-et-e) [varietas, difference]. A sub- 
division of a species; a stock, strain, breed. 

variform (var'-e-form) [varius, various ; forma, form]. 
Having diversity of form. 

variola (va-re-o-lah) [varius, variegated; spotted]. 
Smallpox, a contagious infectious disease ushered in 
with severe febrile symptoms, which, in the course of 
two or three days, are followed by a papular eruption 
spreading over all parts of the body. During the 
succeeding two weeks the eruption passes through the 
stage of vesicles and pustules, the latter going on to 
the formation of crusts. The falling off of the crusts 
leaves a pitted appearance of the skin (pock-marks). 
The period of incubation is about thirteen days, v., 
black. See v., hemorrhagic, v., coherent, a form in 
which the pustules cpalescesce but retain their in- 
dividuality, v., confluent, v. confluens, a severe 
form in which the pustules spread and run together. 
v., discrete, a form in which the pustules preserve their 
distinct individuality, v., hemorrhagic, smallpox in 
which hemorrhage occurs into the vesicles, which 
gives them a blackish appearance, v., malignant, 
black smallpox, a severe and very fatal form of the 
hemorrhagic type, v., mitigated, v., modified. See 
varioloid, v. notha, varicella, v. vera, true small- 
pox as distinguished from varioloid. 

variolar (va-ri'-o-lar) [variola]. Pertaining to small- 
pox. 

Variolaria amara (var-e-o-la'-re-ah am-a'-ra). A 
lichen used as a febrifuge and anthelmintic. 

variolate (var'-e-o-lat) [variola], i. Having small 
pustules like those of variola. 2. To inoculate with 
smallpox. 

variolated (var'-e-o-la-ted) [variola]. Having, or 
having had smallpox. 

variolation, variolization (var-e-o-la'-shun, var-e-o- 
li-za'-shun) [variola]. The inoculation of smallpox. 

variolic (var-e-ol'-ik) [variola]. Pocky, variolous. 

varioliform (var-i-o'-lif-orm) [variola; forma, form]. 
Resembling variola. 

variolin (var-i'-o-lin) [variola]. The specific virus 
of smallpox. 

variolinum {var-e-o-li'-num) . A homeopathic prep- 
aration from the virus of variola. 

variolization. See variolation. 

varioloid (var'-e-o-loid) [variola; elSos, like]. A 
mild form of variola occurring in persons that have 
been vaccinated or inoculated with smallpox virus. 

variolous (var-i'-o-lus) [variola]. Pertaining to or 
having the nature of variola. 

variolovaccine (var-e-o-lo-vak'-sen). A vaccine 
lymph or crust obtained from a heifer which has been 
inoculated with smallpox virus. 

variolovaccinia (var-e-o-lo-vak-sin'-e-ah) [variola; 
vacca, cow]. A form of vaccinia or cowpox induced 
in the heifer by inoculating it with smallpox virus. 

varisse (va-res'). A lump on the inner side of the 
hind leg of a horse. 

varium (var'-e-um), Trade name of an ovarian 
extract. 

varix (var'-iks) [varus, crooked; pi., varices]. A 
dilated and tortuous vein, v., aneurysmal. See 
aneurysmal varix under aneurysm, arteriovenous, v. 
lymphaticus, dilatation of the lymphatic vessels, es- 
pecially that due to the Filaria sanguinis hominis; 
and see lymph-scrotum. 

varnish (var'-nish). A quickly-drying solution of 
some resin. 

Varolian (var-o'-le-an) [Constanzio Varioli, Italian 
anatomist, 1543-1575]- Relating to the pons Varolii. 

Varolii, pons. The mesencephalon; that part of 
the brain which connects the oblongata with the cer- 
ebral peduncles and the cerebellum. See under pons. 
V. valvula, the ileocecal valve. 

varus (va'-rus). A condition in which the foot is 
turned inward. See talipes varus, and acne. 

vas (vas) [L. ; pi., vasa]. A vessel, v. aberrans, a 
blind tube projecting from the lower part of the epi- 
didymis, v. deferens, the excretory duct of the 
testis. 

vasa [pi. of vas]. vasa afferentia, the branches of a 
lymphatic or lacteal vessel entering a lymphatic gland, 
vasa brevia, the gastric branches of the splenic arteiy. 
vasa centralia retinae, the central artery and veins of 
the retina, vasa ciliaria, the ciliary arteries and 
veins, vasa eff erentia. 1. The terminal ducts of the 



rete testis. 2. The efferent vessels of lymphatic 
glands, vasa intestini tenuis, small vessels arising 
from the superior mesenteric artery and distributed 
to the jejunum and ileum, vasa recta, the tubules 
of the rete testis, vasa vasorum, the vessels supply- 
ing the arteries and veins with blood, vasa vorticosa. 
See vena vorticosa. 

vasal (va'-sal) [vas, a vessel]. Pertaining to a ves- 
sel or to vessels ; vascular. 

vasalium (vas-a' -le-um) [vas; pi., vasalia]. Tissue 
peculiar to vascular or closed cavities. 

vascula (vas'-ku-lah). Plural of vasculum q. v. 

vascular (vas'-ku-lar) [vasculum]. Consisting of, 
pertaining to, or provided with vessels. 

vascularity (vas-ku-lar'-it-e) [vascular]. The qual- 
ity of being vascular. 

vascularization (vas-ku-lar-i-za'-shun) [vascular]. 
The process of becoming vascular. The formation 
and extension of vascular capillaries. 

vasculin (vas'-ku-lin). Extract of vascular tissue. 

vasculitis {vas-ku-li'-tis). See angiitis. 

vasculomotor (vas-ku-lo-mo' -tor) [vasculum; motor]. 
Acting as a vasomotor upon the capillaries. 

vasculum (vas'-ku-lum) [L.; pi., vascula]. A small 
vessel, v. aberrans. See vas aberrans. 

vasectomy (vas-ek'-to-me) [vas; enrour), a cutting 
out]. Resection of the vas deferens. 

vaseline (vaz' -el-en). See petrolatum. 

vaselon (vas'-el-on). An ointment-base consisting 
of a mixture of margerin and stearin dissolved in 
mineral oil. 

vasicine (vas'-is-in). An alkaloid from Adhatoda 
vasica ; it is used in bronchial affections and as an in- 
secticide. 

vasifactive (vas-if-ak'-tiv) [vas; facer e, to make]. 
Giving rise to new blood-vessels*. 

vasiform (vas' -if -arm) [vas; forma, form]. Re- 
sembling a vessel or duct. 

vaso- (va-zo-) [vas, a vessel]. A prefix denoting 
pertaining to a vessel. 

vasoconstrictine (va-zo-kon-strik'-ten). Tradename 
of a preparation of the active principle of the medulla 
of the suprarenal bodies. 

vasoconstriction (va-zo-kon-strik'-shun) [vaso-; con- 
stringere, to bind]. The constriction of blood-vessels. 

vasoconstrictive (va-zo-kon-strik'-tiv) [see vasocon- 
striction]. Promoting or stimulating constriction of 
blood-vessels. 

vasoconstrictor (va-zo-kon-strik'-tor). 1. Causing a 
constriction of the blood-vessels. 2. A nerve or a 
drug that causes constriction of blood-vessels. 

vasocorona (va-zo-ko-ro'-nah) [vaso-; corona, crown]. 
The system of arterioles that supply the periphery of 
the spinal cord. 

vasodentine (va-zo-den' -ten) [vaso-; dentin]. Den- 
tine possessing blood-vessels. 

vasodilatation {va-zo-dil-a-ta'-shun). Dilatation of 
the blood-vessels. 

vasodilator {va-zo-di-la'-tor). 1. Pertaining to the 
dilating motility of the nonstriped muscles of the 
vascular system. 2. A nerve-element or a drug that 
causes dilatation of blood-vessels. 

vasofactive (va-zo-fak'-tiv). See vasifactive. 

vasoformative (va-zo-for' -mat-iv) [vaso-; for mare, to 
form]. Forming or producing vessels, v. cells, those 
engaged in the production of vascular tissue. 

vasoganglion (va-zo-gang'-gle-on) [vaso-; yh-yy\iov, 
ganglion]. A knot or rete of blood-vessels. 

vasogen (vas'-o-jen). A proprietary oxygenated 
vaseline. 

vasohypertonic (va-zo-hi-per-ton'-ik). See vasocon- 
strictor. 

vasohypotonic (va-zo-hi-po-ton'-ik). See vasodi- 
lator (1). 

vasoinhibitor (va-zo-in-hib' -it-or) [vaso-; inhibere, to 
inhibit]. A drug or agent tending to inhibit the ac- 
tion of the vasomotor nerves. 

vasoinhibitory (va-zo-in-hib' -it-o-re) [see vasoin- 
hibitor]. Inhibiting vasomotor action, especially vaso- 
constrictor action. 

vasol (va'-sol). A mixture of liquid petrolatum 
with ammonium oleate. v., iodized, vasol containing 
7% of iodine. 

vasoligation (va-zo-li-ga'-shun) [vas; ligation]. 
Ligation of the vas deferens. 

vasoliniment (vd-so-lin' -im-ent) . Parogen. 

vasomotion (va-zo-mo' -shun) [vaso-; motio, motion]. 
Increase or decrease of the caliber of a blood-vessel. 

vasomotor (va-zo-mo' -tor) [vaso-; motor, from mov- 
ere, to move]. Regulating the tension of b!ood-ves- 



VASOMOTORIAL 



933 



VEIN 



sels. v. ataxia, instability of the circulatory mechan- 
ism characterized by abnormal readiness of disturb- 
ance of the equilibrium of the cardiovascular ap T 
paratus, with tardiness of restoration, v. catarrh or 
rhinitis, hay fever, v. centers, centers situated in the 
medulla oblongata and spinal cord, and governing 
the caliber of the blood-vessels, v. nerves, the nerves 
passing to the blood-vessels; they are of two kinds, 
the vasoconstrictor (vasohypertonic) nerves, or those 
stimulation of which causes contraction of the blood- 
vessels, and the vasodilator (vasohypotonic) nerves, 
stimulation of which causes dilation of the vessels. 

vasomotorial, vasomotory {va-zo-mo-to'-re-al, va- 
zo-mo'-tor-e) [vas, vessel; motor, motor]. Relating to 
the vasomotor function. 

vasomotricity {va-zo-mo-tris'-it-e) [vas, vessel; mo- 
tor, motor]. The quality of having a vasomotor 
action. 

vasoneurosis (va-zo-nii-ro'-sis) [vas; neurosis]. 
Angioneurosis. 

vasoparesis {va-zo-par'-e-sis) [vaso-; paresis]. Par- 
esis affecting the vasomotor nerves. 

vasosection (va-zo-sek'-shun) [vas, the vas deferens; 
sectio, a cutting]. Severing of the vas deferens. 

vasosensory {va-zo-sen'-so-re) [vaso-; sensory]. Serv- 
ing as a sensory apparatus for the vessels. 

vasospasm (va'-zo-spasm) [vaso-; airaanfc, tension]. 
Vasoconstriction, angiospasm. 

vasospastic (va-zo-spas'-tik) . Angiospastic. 

vasostimulant (va-zo-stim'-ic-lant). Inducing or 
exciting vasomotor action. 

vasostomy {va-zos' -to-me) [vas; arby.a, mouth]. 
The making of an artificial opening into the vas 
deferens. Syn., Belfield's operation. 

vasothion (va-zo-thi'-on). A compound of vasogen 
and sulphur, 10%; it is used in chronic skin diseases. 

vasotomy (va-zot'-om-e) [vas, the vas deferens; 
renveiv, to cut]. Incision of the vas deferens. 

vasotonic (va-zo-ton'-ik) [vaso-; rbvos, tone], i. 
Pertaining to the normal tone or tension of the blood- 
vessels. 2. A vasostimulant. 

vasotonin (va-zo-to'-nin). A mixture of urethane 
and yohimbine, used for lowering the blood-pressure. 

vasotribe (va'-zo-trib) [vaso-; rpifieiv, to grind]. An 
instrument for controlling hemorrhages; an angio- 
tribe. 

vasotrophic {va-zo-trof'-ik) [vaso-; rpo^-q, nourish- 
ment]. Concerned in the nutrition of vessels. 

vasovagal (va-zo-va'-gal) [vaso-; vagus, the vagus 
nerve]. Pertaining to the vasomotor action of the 
vagus. 

vasovesiculectomy (va-zo-ves-ik-u-lek' -to-me). Ex- 
cision of the vas deferens and seminal vesicles. 

vastus (vas'-tus) [L.]. i. Large; extensive. 2. A 
large muscle of the thigh. See under muscle. 

Vater's ampulla (fah'-ter) [Abraham Vater, German 
anatomist, 1684-1751]- V., ampulla of, a depression 
in the internal and posterior wall of the descending 
portion of the duodenum, into which the ductus com- 
munis choledochus and the pancreatic duct open. 
V.'s corpuscles. See Pacinian corpuscles. V.'s fold, 
a vertical fold of mucous membrane at the lower angle 
of Vater's ampulla. 

Vater-Pacini's corpuscles (fah'-ter-pa-che-ne). See 
Pacinian corpuscles. 

Vaughan-Novy test (vorn'no'-ve) [Victor Clarence 
Vaughan, American physician, 1851- ; Frederick 
George Novy, American bacteriologist, 1864- ]. 
For tyrotoxicon: a few drops each of phenol and sul- 
phuric acid are added to the suspected substance in 
solution; a yellow or orange-red color denotes the 
presence of tyrotoxicon. 

V. C. Abbreviation for color vision. 

vecordia (ve-kor'-de-ah) [vecors, destitute of reason]. 
Insanity; especially dementia or idiocy. 

vectis (vek'-tis) [vehere, to carry]. An instrument 
similar to the single blade of a forceps, used in has- 
tening the delivery of the fetal head in labor. 

vector (vek'-tor) [vector, a carrier, from vehere, to 
carry]. An insect which carries microorganisms from 
a sick person to some other person; the process is 
purely mechanical. 

vegetable (vej'-el-ab-l) [vegetare, to quicken]. 1. A 
plant, especially one used as food. 2. See vegetal. 
v. albumin. See phytalbumose. v. proteids. See 
under proteid. v. sulphur. .See lycopodium. 

vegetal (vej'-e-lal) [vegetus, lively; vegere, to move, 
quicken]. Of or pertaining to plants, characteristic 
of plants, plant-like in habit, v. functions, the vital 
phenomena common to plants and animals, viz., 



irritability, digestion, assimilation, growth, secretion, 
excretion, circulation, respiration, generation. 

vegetality (vej-e-tal'-it-e) [vegetare, to quicken]. 
The possession of vegetal functions (q. v.); the opposite 
of animality. 

vegetarian (vej-et-a'-re-an) [see vegetable]. One 
who lives on vegetable food alone. 

vegetarianism (vej-et-a'-re-an-izm) [see vegetable]. 
1. The doctrine that vegetable food is the only kind 
proper for man. 2. The practice of living only on 
vegetable food. 

vegetation (vej-et-a'-shun) [see vegetable]. An out- 
growth resembling a plant in outline, as the fibrous 
projections on the cardiac valves in endocarditis, 
papillomata, polypoid growths, etc. v.s, adenoid, 
growths of lymphoid tissue in the nasopharyngeal 
cavity. 

vegetative (vej'-et-a-tiv) [see vegetable]. Having the 
power of growth, like a plant. 

vegeto- (vej'-et-o-) [vegere, to grow]. A prefix em- 
ployed to denote connection with or relation to the 
vegetable kingdom. 

vegetoalkali (vej-et-o-al'-ka-li) . An alkaloid. 

vegetoanimal (vej-et-o-an'-i-mal). Common to 
plants and animals. 

vehicle (ve'-hik-l) [vehiculum, from vehere, to carry]. 
An excipient or substance serving as a medium of 
administration of medicines. 

Veiel's paste (vil) [Theodor Veiel, German derma- 
tologist, 1848- ]. A paste used in the treatment of 
furuncles. It consists of equal parts of zinc oxide 
and vaseline, with 4 per cent, of boric acid. It is to 
be well rubbed into the skin around the boil three 
times a day. 

veil (val) [velum, veil]. See velum, velamen. A 
caul or piece of the amniotic sac covering the face of 
a new-born infant, v., acquired, an obscuration or 
imperfection of voice from exposure to cold, catarrhal 
conditions, or overuse, or from bad training, v., 
uterine, a cap fitted over the cervix uteri, to prevent 
the entrance of the semen. 

vein {van) [vena]. A blood-vessel carrying blood 
from the tissues to the heart. Veins, like arteries, 
have three coats, but less well developed; many also 
possess valves, v., angular, a continuation of the 
frontal vein downward to become the facial at the 
lower margin of the orbit, v., anterior internal max- 
illary. Same as v., facial, deep, v., auricular {an- 
terior and posterior). 1. The vein of the ear. 2. A 
vein from the cardiac auricles, v., axillary, a large 
vein formed by the junction of the brachial veins. 
v.s, azygos, three veins situated in front of the bodies 
of the thoracic vertebra?; they are a means of com- 
munication between the superior and inferior vena? 
cava?, v., basilar, a large vein passing back over the 
crus cerebri to unite with the veins of Galen, v., 
basilic, a vein on the inner side of the arm. v.s, 
brachial, the veins accompanying the brachial artery. 
v., brachiocephalic. See v.s, innominate, v.s of 
Breschet, the veins of the diploe. v., brooch, an in- 
strument for compressing veins, v., cardiac, great. 
See v., coronary (1). v., cephalic, a large vein of the 
arm, formed by the union of the median cephalic and 
superficial radial, and opening into the axillary vein. 
v.s, cerebral, veins coming from the cerebrum; they 
are cortical and central, v., coronary. 1. The great 
cardiac vein, a vein opening into the coronary sinus 
of the heart. 2. See v., gastric, v., dorsispinal, one 
of the veins forming a reticulum around the vertebra?. 
v.s, emissary, small veins passing through the 
cranial foramina and connecting the cerebral sin- 
uses with external veins, v.s, emulgent, the renal 
veins, v., facial, a continuation of the angular 
vein; it joins the internal jugular at the level of 
the hyoid bone, v., facial, deep, one joining the 
facial vein below the malar bone; it receives the 
blood from the pterygoid plexus, v., femoral, 
common, a short thick trunk, corresponding to 
the femoral artery; it becomes the external iliac 
at Poupart's ligament, v., femoral, deep, a vein 
ccompanying the femoral artery; it empties into 
the superficial femoral, v., femoral, superficial, a 
name given to the femoral vein before it is 
joined by the deep femoral vein to form the com- 
mon femoral vein, v., frontal, the anterior vein of 
the scalp as it crosses the frontal bone, v.s of Galen, 
two large veins of the brain, continuations of the in- 
ternal cerebral veins, and opening into the straight 
sinus, v., gastric, a vein accompanying the artery of 
the same name, v.s, hemiazygos, small,' accessory 



VEIN 



934 



VENENIFIC 



veins of the azygos veins, v.s, hemorrhoidal, a plexus 
of veins surrounding the rectum, v., iliac, common, 
a vein formed opposite the sacroiliac synchondrosis by 
the confluence of the external and internal iliac veins. 
v., iliac, external, a continuation upward of the com- 
mon femoral; it extends from the lower border of Pou- 
part's ligament to the lower border of the sacroiliac 
synchondrosis, v., iliac, internal, a short trunk ex- 
tending from the top of the great sciatic notch to 
the great sacroiliac synchondrosis, v.s, innominate, 
two large valveless veins returning the blood from 
the head, neck, and upper extremity, v., jugular, 
anterior, a vein beginning at the level of the chin 
and ending at the clavicle in the external jugular 
vein, v., jugular, external, a vein formed at the 
angle of the lower jaw by the union of the posterior 
auricular and temporomaxillary veins; it empties into 
the subclavian, v., jugular, internal, a continuation 
of the lateral sinus, beginning at the jugular fossa, 
accompanying the internal and common carotid ar- 
teries, and joining the subclavian vein to form the 
innominate, v. of Marshall. See v., oblique, v., 
maxillary anterior, a small vein of the anterior por- 
tion of the face, v., maxillary, internal, one accom- 
panying the first part of the internal maxillary artery. 
v., median basilic, a vein uniting with the ulnar to 
form the basilic, v., median cephalic, a vein uniting 
with the superficial radial to form the cephalic, v., 
median, deep, a vein formed by the union of the outer 
vena comes of the ulnar artery and the muscular and 
radial recurrent veins, v., median, superficial, one 
starting at the anterior plexus of the wrist and uniting 
with the deep median to form the median, v., mes- 
enteric, inferior, one that accompanies the inferior 
mesenteric artery and joins the splenic vein behind 
the pancreas, v., mesenteric, superior, one that ac- 
companies the superior mesenteric artery and joins 
the splenic vein to form the portal, v., oblique, of 
Marshall, a vein crossing the dorsal portion of the 
left auricle of the heart. It is the remnant of the left 
duct of Cuvier. v.s, omphalomesenteric, several 
venous trunks of the primitive embryonic circulation 
which carry the blood from the terminal sinus to the 
sinus venosus, a short vitelline vein, v., ophthal- 
mic, a short trunk carrying the blood from the eye 
and emptying into the cavernous sinus, v.s, plantar, 
veins accompanying the plantar arteries, v., pop- 
liteal, one formed by the union of the vena? comites 
of the anterior and posterior tibial arteries; it accom- 
panies the popliteal artery, and becomse the femoral 
vein at the junction of the lower with the middle 
third of the thigh, v., portal, a short trunk entering 
the liver at the transverse fissure and formed by the 
junction of the superior mesenteric and splenic veins. 
v.s, pulmonary, four veins, two from each lung, re- 
turning the aerated blood from the lungs to the heart. 
v., radial, superficial, a vein accompanying the mus- 
culocutaneous nerve up the radial side of the fore- 
arm, v., ranine, the chief vein conveying blood from 
the tongue. It originates near the tip beneath the 
mucosa, accompanies the hypoglossal nerve across 
the hypoglossus muscle, and empties into the internal 
jugular vein, v., renal, a vein accompanying the 
renal artery, v., saphenous, long or internal, a long 
superficial vein running up the inner aspect of the leg 
and thigh, terminating in the femoral vein below 
Poupart's ligament, v., saphenous, short or ex- 
ternal, a superficial vein running up the outer aspect 
of the foot, leg, and back of the calf, and emptying 
into the popliteal vein, v., spermatic, one returning 
the blood from the testicle; on the right side it ter- 
minates in the inferior vena cava and on the left in 
the left renal vein, v., splenic, one returning the 
blood from the spleen, and forming the portal vein by 
its union with the superior mesenteric vein, v., 
stellate. See Verheyen's stars, v.-stone. See phleb- 
olith. v., subclavian, a continuation of the ax- 
illary vein, uniting with the internal jugular vein 
to form the innominate vein at the sternoclavicu- 
lar articulation, v.s, temporal, veins returning 
the blood from the temporomaxillary region of 
the head; they join the internal maxillary vein to 
form the temporomaxillary vein. v., temporo- 
maxillary, one formed by the union of the temporal 
and internal maxillary veins in the parotid gland; 
it terminates in the external jugular, v. of Trolard, 
a vein of the cerebrum passing along the posterior 
branch of the fissure of Sylvius, and emptying into the 
superior petrosal sinus, v., ulnar, one running from 
the wrist up the anterior and inner surface of the 



forearm, v., umbilical, a vein conveying the blood 
from the placenta to the fetus, v., Vesalius'. See 
Vesalius's vein, v.s* vitelline. See vitelline veins. 

velamen (ve-la'-men) [L.]. A veil or covering 
membrane, v. nativum, the skin. v. vulvae, the 
Hottentot apron; see apron. 

velamentous (vel-am-en'-tus) [velamen]. Resem- 
bling a veil. 

velamentum (ve-la-men'-tum) [L.: pi: velamenta]. A 
veil, or covering membrane, v. abdominale, peri- 
toneum, v. cerebrale, one of the meninges, v. 
cerebri, v. cerebrale. v. corporis commune, the skin, 
v. infantis, one of the fetal membranes, v. linguae, 
the glosso-epiglottic ligament. 

velar (ve'-lar) [velum]. Pertaining to a velum, 
especially the velum palati. 

Velden's (von den) test for hydrochloric acid in 
the contents of the stomach. Filter paper dipped 
into a watery or alcoholic solution of tropeolin oo 
turns ruby red or brownish red on the application 
of free hydrochloric acid. 

Veld sore. [Dutch, veld, field]. A lesion common 
among troops during the Boer war, a running sore 
probably due to the sting of a fly. 

veliform (vel'-if-orm) [velum, veil; forma, form]. 
Forming a velum. 

Vella's fistula (vel'-lah) [Luigi Vella, Italian physi- 
ologist, 1825-1886]. An intestinal fistula for ob- 
taining gastric juice. 

vellication {vel-ik-a'-shun) [vellicare, to twitch]. 
Spasmodic twitching of muscular fibers. 

vellolin (vel'-o-lin). A purified wool fat, lanolin. 

vellosine (vel-o'-sen), C23H28N2O4. An alkaloid 
contained in Paopereira bark, Ceissospermum vellosii; 
it resembles brucine in physiological action. 

velosynthesis (ve-lo-sin'-thes-is) [velum (palati) $ 
avvOetris, a putting together]. See staphylorrhaphy. 

Velpeau's bandage (vel'-po) [Alfred Armand Louis 
Marie Velpeau, French surgeon, 1795-1867]. A 
bandage for the shoulder. V.'s deformity, the "silver 
fork," deformity in Colles' fracture. V.'s hernia, 
femoral hernia anterior to the blood-vessels. 

velum (ve'-lum) [L., a veil; a sail]. A veil or veil- 
like structure, v., anterior medullary. See valve of 
Vieussens. v. interpositum, the membranous roof of 
the third ventricle, v. palati, the soft palate, v. 
pendulum palati, the soft palate, especially the 
uvula, v., posterior medullary, the commissure of 
the flocculus of the cerebellum, v. staphylinum, soft 
palate, v. Tarini, v. posterior medullary, v. termi- 
nale, lamina terminalis. v. triangulare, v. inter- 
positum. 

vena (ve'-nah) [L.: pi. vena]. A vein. See vein. 
v. azygos, v. azygos major, v. azygos dextra, a vein 
connecting the right lumbar, right renal vein, or 
postcava with the precava. v. azygos minor. See 
v. hemiazygos, v. cava anterior. See v. cava superior. 
v. cava inferior, a vein formed by the junction of the 
two common iliac veins and emptying into the right 
auricle of the heart. It receives the lumbar, right 
spermatic, renal, suprarenal, phrenic, and hepatic 
veins, v. cava superior, a vein formed by the union 
of the innominate veins, and conveying the blood 
from the upper half of the body to the right auricle, 
v. comes, a vein accompanying an artery in its course, 
v. corporis striati, a vein which helps to form the in- 
ternal cerebral vein and returns the blood from the 
corpus striatum, v. hemiazygos, v. azygos minor, a 
vein from the left lumbar or left renal vein to the v. 
azygos major, v. hemiazygos accessoria, an incon- 
stant vein which may take the place of the left 
superior intercostal vein. 

venae (ve'-ne) [pi. of vena], venae advehentes. 
The vessels passing from the vitelline veins to the 
liver, v. comites, the two veins accompanying an 
artery, v. Galeni, two venous trunks in the brain, 
v. minimae cordis, the smallest of the cardiac vessels, 
entering into the cavities of the heart, v. revehentes, 
the vessels passing from the liver to the sinus of the 
embryo, v. Thebesii, the small veins by which the 
blood passes from the walls of the heart to the right 
auricle, v. vorticosae, the stellate veins of the cho- 
roid coat of the eyeball. 

venenation (ven-en-a' -shun) [venenum, a poison]. 
The condition due to poisoning. 

venenatus (ven-en-a'-tus) [see venenation]. Poi- 



sonous. 

venenific (ven-en-if'-ik) [venenum, poison], 
son-forming. 



Poi- 



VENENOSALIVARY 



935 



VENUS 



venenosalivary (ven-en-o-saV -iv-a-r e) . See venomo- 
salivary. 

venenose, venenous (ven'-en-os, ven'-en-us) [venen- 
osus]. Toxic; poisonous. 

venenosity (ven-en-os'-it-e). The condition of being 
toxic. 

venereal (ven-e'-re-al) [Venus, the goddess of love]. 
Pertaining to or produced by sexual intercourse, v. 
diseases, gonorrhea, syphilis, and chancroid, v. sore. 
See chancre, v. wart, see verruca acuminata. 

venerismus pyorrhoicus. Gonorrhea. 

venery (ven'-er-e) [see venereal]. Sexual inter- 
course. 

venesection (ven-e-sek'-shun). See blood-letting. 

venesuture (ven-e-sit' -tur) [vena; sutura, suture]. 
The suturing of a vein. 

Venetian red. An ochre, whose color is due to 
ferric oxide. 

veniplex (ven'-ip-leks) [vena; plexus]. A plexus of 
veins. 

venipuncture (ven'-e-punk-chur). Puncture of a 
vein. 

venisuture (ven-i-su'-tur). See venesuture. 

venom (ven'-om) [venenum, poison]. Poison, es- 
pecially a poison secreted by certain reptiles and 
insects, v. albumin, the albumin of the venom of a 
snake, v. globulin, a globulin found in snake poisons. 
v. hemolysis, dissolution of red blood corpuscles by 
snake venom, v. leukolysis, destruction of leuko- 
cytes by the action of venom, v. peptone, a peptone 
found in the venom of certain serpents. 

venomosalivary (ven-om-o-saV -iv-a-r e). Secreting a 
toxic saliva. 

venomotor (ven-o-mo'-tor) [vena; mover e, to move]. 
Causing the veins to contract or dilate. 

venomous (ven'-om-us) [venom]. Poisonous; se- 
creting venom. 

venosclerosis (ven-o-skle-ro'-sis) [vena; (tk\tjp6s, 
hard]. Induration of the veins. 

venosity (ven-os'-it-e) [venous], A condition in 
which the arterial blood shows venous qualities. 

venous (ve'-nus) [venosus]. Pertaining to or pro- 
duced in a vein. v. blood, the dark blood in the 
veins, v. hum, the murmur or rushing sound heard 
in auscultation of a vein. v. sinus, a cerebral sinus. 

venovenostomy (ven-o-ven-os' -to-me) [vena; <rr6p.a, 
mouth]. The making of an anastomosis between 
two veins. 

vent (vent). An outlet, especially the anal opening. 

venter (ven'-ter) [L.]. i. The belly or abdomen. 
2. The belly of a muscle. 3. The cavity of the ab- 
domen. 4. The concavity of any expanded part, as 
the venter of the scapula, venter of the ilium, v. imus, 
the hypogastrium. v. medius, the thorax, v. 
renum, the pelvis of the kidneys, v. supremus, the 
skull. 

ventilation (ven-til-a' -shun) [ventilare, to fan]. The 
act or process of supplying fresh air; the act or process 
of purifying the air of a place. 

ventose (ven'-tos) [ventosa, a cupping-glass]. 1. 
A cupping-glass. 2. [ventosus, windy]. Flatulent. 

ventosity (ven-tos'-it-e). Flatulence. 

ventrad (ven'-trad) [venter; ad, toward]. Toward 
the ventral aspect. 

ventral (ven'-tral) [venter]. 1. Pertaining to the belly 
2. Referring to the anterior aspect of the body or 
to the flexor aspect of the limbs, v. decubitus, 
lying down on the abdomen; prone. 

ventricle (ven'-trik-l) [ventriculus, dim. of venter, a 
belly]. A small cavity or pouch, v., aortic, the left 
ventricle of the heart, v. of Arantius, a culdesac at 
the lower end of the fourth ventricle, v.s of the 
brain, cavities in the interior of the brain, comprising 
the two lateral ventricles, the third, fourth, and fifth 
ventricles, v. of cord, the central canal of the 
spinal cord, v., fifth, the cavity vetween the lamina? 
of the septum lucidum. v. of corpus callosum, the 
space between the labium cerebri and the corpus 
callosum; the callosal fissure, v., fourth, the space 
between the oblongata and pons in front, and the 
cerebellum behind, v. of larynx, a depression be- 
tween the true and false vocal bands, v.s, lateral, 
serous cavities, one in each cerebral hemisphere, and 
communicating with the third ventricle through the 
foramen of Monro. Each ventricle consists of a 
triangular central cavity or body and three smaller- 
cavities or cornua. The corpus callosum forms the 
roof of the body, the septum lucidum the mesal bound- 
ary and the floor is formed by the corpus striatum, 
taenia semicircularis, thalamus, choroid plexus, corpus 



fimbriatum, and fornix, v., left, of heart, that upon 
the dorsal and left side of the heart, and which, 
through the aorta, forces the blood throughout the 
body. v. of myelon, the central canal of the spinal 
cord, v., pineal, one found occasionally within the 
pineal body; it is thepersistence of a fetal condition, 
v., right, of heart, that forcing the blood through the 
pulmonary artery into the lungs, v., terminal, the 
dilated portion of the central canal of the spinal cord 
in the filum terminale internum, v., third, an open 
space between the optic thalami and extending to the 
base of the brain, v. Verga's, a space occasion- 
ally found between the corpus callosum and the 
fornix. 

ventricornu (ven-tri-kor'-nu) [venter; cornu]. The 
anterior horn of the gray matter of the myelon. 

ventricose (ven'-trik-os) [venter, abdomen]. In- 
flated or swollen on one side, resembling an abdomen. 

ventricular (ven-trik'-u-lar) [ventricle]. Pertaining 
to a ventricle, v. aqueduct. See aquceductus Sylvii. 
v. bands, the longitudinal folds of mucous membrane 
above and parallel to the vocal bands. The false 
vocal cords, v. ligament, a false vocal band. v. 
muscle, the thyroepiglottideus. v. septum, (1) the 
septum between the ventricles of the heart; (2) the 
septum pellucidum. 

ventricularis (ven-trik-u-la'-ris). The thyroepi- 
glottideus muscle. See under muscle. 

ventriculi (ven-trik'-u-li) [pi. of ventriculus]. Ven- 
tricles. 

ventriculus (ven-trik'-u-lus). 1. See ventricle, (2) 
the stomach, v. cerebri, ventricle of the brain, v. 
cordis, ventricle of the heart, v. dexter, right ven- 
tricle, v. lateralis, lateral ventricle, v. medius, 
middle (third) ventricle, v. quartus, fourth ventri- 
cle, v. sinister, left ventricle, v. tertius, third ven- 
tricle, v. tricornis cerebri, lateral ventricle of the 
brain. 

ventricumbent (ven-tre-kum'-bent) [venter; cum- 
bere, to lie]. Lying with the ventral surface down. 

ventriduction (ven-tre-duk'-shun) [venter; ducere, to 
lead]. The act of drawing a part toward the belly. 

ventrifixation. See ventrofixation. 

ventriloquism (ven-lril'-o-kwizm) [venter, belly; 
loqui, to speak]. Peculiar vocal utterance without 
the usual modifications of the resonance-organs, so 
that the voice seems to come from a closed space or 
from a distance. 

ventrimeson (ven-trim-e'-zon) [venter; pkaov, mid- 
dle]. The mesial line on the ventral aspect of the 
body. 

ventripyramid (ven-trip-ir'-am-id) [venter ; pyramid]. 
An anterior pyramid of the oblongata. 

ventro- (ven-tro-) [venter, the belly]. A prefix sig- 
nifying relation to the belly. 

ventrocystorrhaphy (ven-tro-sis-tor'-a-fe) [ventro-; 
mans, cyst; patf>ij, suture]. Suture of an opened cyst- 
wall to the wall of the abdomen so as to provide a free 
discharge of its contents. 

ventrofixation (ven-tro-fiks-a'-shun) [ventro-; fixa- 
tion]. The stitching of a displaced viscus to the ab- 
dominal wall. 

ventrohysteropexy (ven-tro-his'-ter-o-peks-e) [ven- 
tro-; xxrrkpa, womb; 7tt}£ii, a fixing]. Ventrofixation of 
a uterus. 

ventroinguinal (ven-tro-in'-gwin-al) [ventro-; in- 
guinal]. Pertaining to the abdomen and the groin. 

ventrolaterad (ven-tro-lat'-er-ad) [ventro-; latus, 
side]. Toward the ventral and lateral aspects. 

ventrolateral (ven-tro-lat'-er-al). Relating to the 
ventral and lateral aspects of a part. 

ventromyel (ven-tro-mi'-el) [ventro-; pvekos, marrow]. 
The anterior portion of the spinal cord. 

ventroptosis (ven-trop-to'-sis). See gastroptosis. 

ventroscopy (ven-tros'-ko-pe) [ventro-; axoireZv, to 
view]. Direct examination of the abdominal and 
pelvic cavities by means of an apparatus resembling 
the cystoscope. 

ventrose (ven'-tros) [ventrosus]. Having a belly, or 
a swelling like a belly (pot-belly). 

ventrosuspension (ven-tro-sus-pen'-shun). See ven- 
trofixation. 

ventrotomy (ven-trot'-o-me) [ventro-; roy.i\, a cut]. 
Celiotomy. 

ventrovesicofixation (ven-tro-ves-ik-o-fiks-a'-shun) 
[ventro-; vesica, bladder; fixation]. The suturing of 
the uterus to the bladder and abdominal wall. 

venule, venula (ven'-ul, ven'-u-lah) [venula, dim. of 
vena, a vein]. A small vein. 

venus (ve'-nus) [Venus, goddess of love]. 1. 



VERATRALBINE 



936 



VERSION 



Sexual intercourse. 2. Alchemic name for copper. 
v., crystals of, copper acetate. 

veratralbine (ver-at-ral'-ben) [veratrum; albus, 
white]. An alkaloid obtained from white hellebore. 

veratrina. See veratrine. 

veratrine (ver -at' -r en). Veratrina (U. S. P.), a 
mixture of alkaloids obtained from the seeds of Asa- 
graa officinalis (sabadilla), of the order Liliacea. It 
is a local irritant, and produces tetanic convulsions 
followed by paralysis; it first stimluates, then para- 
lyzes, the vasomotor center. It is used externally 
in the form of an ointment in rheumatism, gout, and 
neuralgia, v. ointment (unguentum veratrina, U. S. 
P.), an ointment composed of veratrine, expressed oil 
of almond, and benzoinated lard, v., oleate of (oleatunt 
veratrina, U. S. P.), veratrine, oleic acid, and olive- 
oil. 

veratrinize (ver-at'-rin-iz). To bring under the 
influence of veratrine. 

veratrize. See veratrinize. 

veratroidine (ver-at-roi'-din). See under Vera- 
trum. 

veratrol (ver-at'-rol), C8H10O2. A colorless oil with 
aromatic odor obtained from veratric acid by action 
of baryta with heat; it is used as an antiseptic by in- 
halation and by application in 1% solution; less poi- 
sonous than guaiacol but more caustic. 

Veratrum (ver -at' -rum). A genus of plants of the 
order Liliacea. The rhizome and roots of V. viride, 
American hellebore, or V. album, white hellebore 
(veratrum, U. S. P.; veratri viridis rhizoma, B. P.), 
contain the alkaloids jervine and veratroidine. The 
former is a depressant to the vasomotor centers and 
the motor centers of the spinal cord. In toxic doses 
it produces slowness of the pulse, fall in blood-pres- 
sure, relaxation, epileptiform convulsions, paralysis, 
and death from failure of the respiration. Veratroi- 
dine is irritant and produces vomiting and purging; 
it is also a depressant to the motor centers of the 
spinal cord and to the pulse. When veratrum is ad- 
ministered the combined action of the alkaloids is 
obtained, and consists chiefly in slowing of the pulse 
and lessening of blood-pressure, with vomiting in the 
case of large doses. It is employed in sthenic inflam- 
mations, as penumonia, peritonitis, in puerperal ec- 
lampsia, and in excessive cardiac hypertrophy, v., 
fluidextract of (fluidextr actum veratri, U. S. P.). Dose 
1-3 min. (0.065-0.2 Cc). v., tincture of (tinctura 
veratri, U. S. P.). Dose 1-3 min. (0.065-0.2 Cc). 

Verbascum (ver-bas'-kum) [L.]. Mullein, a genus 
of plants of the order Scrophularinea. The leaves 
and flowers of V. thapsus have been used as demul- 
cent in catarrhal inflammation of mucous membranes 
and as an application to hemorrhoids. 

Verbena (ver-be'-nah) [L.]. A genus of flowering 
plants of some 80 species once highly esteemed in 
medicine, but now little used. 

verbigeration (ver-bij-er-a' -shun) [verbigerare, to 
carry words about]. The frequent and uncontrolla- 
ble repetition of the same word, sentence, or sound 
without reference to its meaning. 

verdigris (ver'-dig-ris) [Fr., verd de gris, probably 
from L., viridis, green; as, copper]. 1. A mixture of 
copper acetates. 2. A deposit upon copper vessels, 
from the formation of cupric salts. 

Verga's lacrimal groove (vair'-gah) [Verga, Italian 
anatomist, 1811-1895]. A more or less pronounced 
groove extending downward from the lower orifice of 
the nasal duct. V.'s ventricle, a cleft-like space be- 
tween the fornix and the callosum. 

vergences (ver'-jen-sez) [vergere, to bend]. A term 
applied to associated disjunctive movements of the 
eyes, e. g., convergence, divergence. 

vergens (ver' -j ens) [L.]. Inclining, v. deorsum, 
inclining downward, as of the axis of vision in one eye 
in strabismus, v. sursum, upward inclination. 

Verheijn's stars. See Verheyen, stars of. 

Verheyen, stars of (fer-hi'-en) [Philippus Verheyen, 
Flemish anatomist, 1648-17 10]. Venous plexuses of 
stellate form situated on the surface of the kidney, 
beneath its capsule. 

verjuice (ver'-joos) [Fr., verd, green; jus, juice]. 
The acid juice of unripe fruits. 

Vermale's amputation (ver-maV) [Raymond de Ver- 
male, French surgeon]. An amputation with a dou- 
ble flap. 

vermiceous (ver-mish'-us) [vermis, a worm]. Re- 
lating to worms. 

vermicidal (ver-mis-i'-dal) [vermis, worm ;' cadere, to 
kill]. Destroying worms. 



vermicide (ver' -mis-id) [vermis, a worm; cadere, to 
• kill]. An agent that destroys intestinal worms. 

vermicular (ver-mik'-u-lar) [vermis]. Wormlike, 
v. motion, peristalsis, v. sulci, grooves between the 
vermis and the lateral hemispheres of the cerebellum. 

vermiculate (ver-mik'-u-lat) [vermiculatus]. Re- 
sembling or shaped like a worm. 

vermiculation (ver-mik-u-la'-shun) [vermis]. A 
worm-like motion; peristaltic motion. 

vermicule (ver'-mik-ul) [vermiculus, a little worm], 
1. A small worm. 2. A sexually produced embryo of 
the malarial parasite. 

vermiculus (ver-mik'-u-lus) [L.]. A little worm or 
grub. 

vermiform (ver'-mif-orm) [vermis; forma, a form]. 
Worm-shaped, v. appendix. See appendix, vermif- 
orm, v. process, inferior and superior, the inferior 
and superior surfaces of the middle lobe of the cere- 
bellum. 

vermifugal (ver-mif'-u-gal) [vermifuge]. Having the 
qualities of a vermifuge; expelling worms. 

vermifuge (ver'-mif-uj) [vermis; fugare, to expel]. 
An agent that expels intestinal worms. 

vermilingual, vermilinguial (ver-me-lin'-gwal, -gwe- 
al) [vermis; lingua, tongue]. Having a worm-shaped 
tongue. 

vermilion (ver-miV -yun) . Red mercuric sulphide. 
v. border, the margin of the lips where skin and mu- 
cous membrane meet. 

vermin (ver'-min) [vermis, worm}. A general (and 
mainly collective) name for parasitic animals and for 
semi-parasites, such as fleas and bed-bugs. 

verminal (ver'-min-al). Relating to or due to 
worms. v 

vermination (ver -min-a' -shun) [vermis]. 1. In- 
festation with worms. 2. The generation of worms. 

verminous (ver'-min-us) [vermis]. Infested with, 
or pertaining to worms. 

vermis (ver' -mis) [L.]. 1. A worm. 2. The mid- 
dle lobe of the cerebellum, v., inferior, of the cere- 
bellum. See process, superior vermiform, v., supe- 
rior, of the cerebellum. See process, superior vermif- 
orm. 

vermix (ver' -mix). A contraction of the term ver- 
miform appendix. 

vermouth, vermuth (ver'-mooth) [Ger. wermuth, 
wormwood]. A cordial prepared from white wine 
and flavored with wormwood; used as an appetizer. 

vernal (ver'-nal) [vernalis, of the spring]. Pertain- 
ing to the spring, v. catarrh or conjunctivitis, a form 
of conjunctivitis recurring each spring or summer, 
and disappearing with frost, v. fever, malarial fever. 

VerneuU's neuroma [Aristide Auguste Stanislas 
Verneuil, French surgeon, 1823-1895]. A plexiform 
neuroma or neuroma cirsoideum. V.'s operation, a 
form of iliac colotomy. 

vernier (ver'-ne-ur) [after the inventor, Pierre 
Vernier, French physicist, 1580-1637]. In physics, a 
c6ntrivance attached to various instruments of pre- 
cision for the estimation of minute fractions of any 
unit of distance. 

vernine (ver'-nen) , CieHwNsOs. A leukomaine base 
found in young vetch, clover, ergot, etc., and yielding 
guanine on heating with hydrochloric acid. 

vernix caseosa [L., "cheesy varnish"]. A se- 
baceous deposit covering the surface of the fetus. 

vernonin (ver-no'-nin) Ci6H?407. A glucoside from 
the root of Vernonia nigritiana. Its action is similar 
to that of digitalin, and it is used as a cardiac tonic. 

veronal (ver'-on-al). Diethylmalonylurea, a white 
crystalline substance used as a hypnotic. Dose 7-20 
gr. (0.5-1.3 Gm.). 

Veronica (ve-ron'-ik-ah). A genus of scrophularia- 
ceous herbs and shrubs. V. virginica, leptandra, Cul- 
ver's physic; the root is a purgative and cholagogue. 

verruca (ver-oo'-kah) [L.: pi., verruca]. _ Wart. v. 
acuminata, a venereal wart. v. necrogenica, a warty 
excrescence found on the fingers of those who fre- 
quently handle the tissues of tuberculous subjects. 
Syn., anatomic tubercle; dissection tubercle. 

verruciform (ver-oo'-sif-orm) [verruca; forma, form]. 
Wart-like. 

verrucose, verrucous (ver'-oo-kos, ver'-oo-kus) [ver- 
ruca]. Warty; covered with or having warts. 

verruga (ver-oo'-gah) [Sp.]. 1. See verruca. 2. ver- 
ruga peruana, v. peruana, an endemic specific dis- 
ease of the skin, occurring in the western Andes in 
Peru. Syn., Carrion's disease; Peruvian -wart. 

verruges (ver-u'-gahs). See verruga peruana. 

version (ver'-zjun) [verier e, to turn]. Turning; an 



VERSTRAETIN'S BRUIT 



937 



VESICLE 



operation whereby one part of the fetus is made to 
replace another at the mouth of the uterus, v., ab- l 
dominal, same as v., external, v., bipolar, version by- 
acting upon both poles of the fetus, v., cephalic, 
turning of the fetus so as to bring the head to present. 
v., combined, bipolar version consisting of a combi- 
nation of external and internal version, v., external, 
that effected by external manipulation, v., internal, 
that performed by entering the hand within the uter- 
us, v., mixed, same as v., combined, v., pelvic, 
turning the fetus to bring about a breech presenta- 
tion, v., podalic, that in which one or both feet are 
brought to the mouth of the uterus, v., spon- 
taneous, the process whereby without external in- 
fluence, a transverse position is changed into a lon- 
gitudinal one. 

Verstraetin's bruit. A bruit heard over the lower 
border of the liver in some cachectic individuals. 

vertebra {ver'-teb-rah) [L., "a joint; a bone of the 
spine"; pi. vertebras,]. One of the bones forming the 
spinal or vertebral column. There are 33 vertebra?, 
divided into 7 cervical, 12 thoracic or dorsal, 5 lumbar, 
5 sacral (the sacrum), 4 coccygeal (the coccyx). A 
typical vertebra consists of a body and an arch, the 
latter being formed by 2 pedicles and 2 lamina?. The 
arch supports 7 processes: 4 articular, 2 transverse, 
and 1 spinous, v., basilar, the last lumbar vertebra. 
v. dentata, the axis, v., false, one of the sacral or 
coccygeal vertebra?, vertebrae, flexion, all except 
the first two cervical vertebra?, v. magna, the sacrum. 
v. prominens, the seventh cervical vertebra, ver- 
tebras, rotation, the first and second cervical vertebrae. 
v., tricuspid, the sixth cervical vertebra in the lower 
animals, v., true, one of the cervical dorsal or lumbar 
vertebra?. 

vertebradymia (ver-te-brah-dim'-e-ah). See spon- 
dylodidymia. 

vertebral (ver'-teb-ral) [vertebra], 1. Pertaining to 
or characteristic of a vertebra; made up of or pos- 
sessing vertebra?. 2. Pertaining to the vertebral 
artery, v. artery. See artery, vertebral, v. column, 
the spinal column; the backbone, v. groove, the 
groove between the spinous and transverse processes 
of the spinal column, the floor being formed by the 
lamina?, v. ribs, the last two ribs. 

vertebralis {ver-te-bra'-lis). Vertebral, pertaining 
to one or more of the vertebra?. 

vertebrarium {ver-te-bra'-re-um) [L.]. The spinal 
. column. 

vertebrarterial {ver-teb-rar-te'-re-al) [vertebra; ar- 
tery]. Giving passage to the vertebral artery, as the 
vertebrarterial foramina in the transverse processes of 
the cervical vertebra?. 

Vertebrata {ver-te-bra'-tah) [vertebra, a vertebra]. 
A great division of the animal kingdom, including all 
animals having a spinal column, or its equivalent 
body axis. 

vertebrate, vertebrated {ver'-teb-rat, ver'-teb-ra-ted) 
[vertebra]. 1. Having a vertebral column. 2. Re- 
sembling a vertebral column in flexibility, as a ver- 
tebrate catheter. 

vertebrectomy (ver-te-brek'-to-me) [vertebra-; inTony, 
excision]. Excision of a portion of a vertebra. 

vertebro- {ver-teb-ro-) [vertebra]. A prefix denoting 
pertaining to a vertebra. 

vertebroarterial. See vertebrarterial. 
vertebrobasilar {ver-te-bro-baz'-il-ar) [vertebro-; /3d<r- 
is, base]. Belonging to the vertebra? and the base of 
the skull, v. plexus, the vertebral plexus. 

vertebrochondral (ver-teb-ro-kon'-dral) [vertebro-; 
xovdpos, cartilage]. Connecting the costal cartilages 
with the vertebra?. 

vertebrocostal {ver-teb-ro-kos'-tal) [vertebro- ; costa, a 
rib]. Pertaining to the vertebra? and the ribs. 

vertebrodidymia (ver-te-bro-did-im'-e-ah) [vertebro- ; 
SiSvuos, twin]. A monstrosity formed by two indi- 
viduals united by the vertebra?. 

vertebrofemoral {ver-te-bro-fem'-or-al) [vertebro- ; 
femur]. Pertaining to the vertebral column and the 
femur. 

vertebroiliac {ver-teb-ro-il'-e-ak) [vertebro-; ilium]. 
Pertaining to the vertebra? and the ilium. 

vertebromammary {ver-te-bro-mam'-ar-e) [vertebro-; 
mamma, breast]. Relating to the vertebra? and the 
mammary region of the thorax. 

vertebrosacral (ver-teb-ro-sa'-kral) [vertebro-; sa- 
crum]. Pertaining to the vertebra? and the sacrum. 
vertebrosternal (ver-teb-ro-ster'-nal) [vertebro-; ster- 
num]. Extending from the spinal column to the 
sternum, v. ribs, the true ribs. 



vertex {ver'-teks) [L.]. The crown or top of the 
head; calvaria, v. cordis, the apex of the heart, v. 
cubiti, the olecranon, v. presentation, a presenta- 
tion of the vertex of the fetal skull. . 

vertical (ver'-tik-al) [vertex]. 1. Pertaining to the 
vertex. 2. Perpendicular; referring to the position 
of the long axis of the body in the erect posture, v. 
diameter of cranium, an imaginary line from the 
basion to the bregma. 

verticil (ver'-tis-il) [verticillus, the whirl of a spin- 
dle]. In biology, a whorl; a circle of leaves, tenta- 
cles, hairs, organs, or processes radiating from an 
axis on the same horizontal plane. 

verticillate {ver-tis-il'-at) [verticillus, a whirl]. 
Whorled. 

verticomental (ver-tik-o-men'-tal) [vertex; mentum, 
the chin]. Pertaining to the vertex and the chin. 

vertiginous (ver-tij'-in-us) [vertigo]. Resembling or 
affected with vertigo. 

vertigo {ver'-tig-o; also ver-ti'-go) [L.,from verier e, to 
turn]. Giddiness, dizziness ; a sensation of lack of equi- 
librium. It may be due to disease of the ears {auditory 
or aural vertigo), the eyes {ocular vertigo), the brain 
{cerebral vertigo), the stomach {gastric vertigo), the 
blood, etc. v., auditory or aural. See Meniere's disease. 
v., cerebral, that due to cerebral disorder, v., epileptic, 
vertigo associated with or preceding an attack of 
epilepsy, v., essential, one not due to any discover- 
able cause, v., gastric, that arising from dyspepsia. 
v., intestinal. 1. That caused by intestinal disorder. 
2. That caused by pressure on the terminal portions 
of the intestine by gas or feces, or even when the 
finger is introduced into the rectum and irritates the 
intestinal wall. It is thought to be due to pressure 
on the hemorrhoidal plexus of the sympathetic sys- 
tem, v., labyrinthine. See Meniere's disease, v., 
lithemic, a form associated with gout and lithemia. 
v., neurasthenic, subjective vertigo found in neuras- 
thenia, v., objective, one in which objects seem to 
the patient to move, v., ocular, that due to eye-dis- 
ease, v., organic, that due to brain lesion, v., par- 
alyzing. See Gerlier's disease, v., peripheral, that 
due to irritation that is not central, v., stomachal, 
gastric vertigo, caused by disorder of the stomach, 
v., subjective, one in which the patient has a sensa- 
tion as if he himself were moving, v. tenebricosa, 
that accompanied by dimness of vision and headache, 
v., toxemic, that due to some poison in the blood, v., 
vertical, that caused by looking downward from or 
upward to a height. 

verumontanum {ver-oo-mon-ta'-num) [veru, a spit; 
mons, a mountain]. The caput gallinaginis, a lon- 
gitudinal ridge on the floor of the prostatic urethra. 

vervain {ver'-van). See verbena. 

Vesalius' foramen {ves-a'-le-us) [Andreas Vesalius, 
Italian anatomist (born in Belgium), 1514-1564]. 
An inconstant foramen in the base of the skull, an- 
terointernal to the foramen ovale; it transmits an 
emissary vein. V.'s glands, the bronchial and pul- 
monary glands. V.'s ligament. See ligament, Pou- 
part's. V.'s sesamoid bones, fibrocartilaginous or 
osseous bodies often found in the tendons of the 
gastrocnemius. V.'s vein, a small vein through 
which the pterygoid plexus communicates with the 
cavernous sinus. 

vesania {ves-a'-ne-ah) [L.]. Unsoundness of mind. 

vesanic {ves-an'-ik) [vesania, unsoundness of 
mind]. Relating to insanity. 

vesica {ves'-ik-ah) [L.; gen. and pi., vesica,]. The 
bladder, v. fellea, the gall-bladder, v. urinaria, the 
urinary bladder. 

vesical {ves'-ik-al) [vesica]. Pertaining to the 
bladder, v. calculus, a stone in the bladder, v. 
crisis, severe paroxysmal pain in the bladder oc- 
curring in locomotor ataxia, v. triangle, the trigone. 

vesicant {ves'-ik-ant) [vesicare, to blister]. 1. 
Blistering. 2. A blistering agent. 

vesication {ves-ik-a'-shun) [see vesicant]. The 
formation of a blister; a blister. 

vesicatory {ves'-ik-at-o-re) [see vesicant]. 1. Blister- 
ing. 2. A blistering agent. 

vesicle {ves'-ik-l) [vesicula, dim. of vesica, bladder]. 
1. A small bladder; especially a small sac containing 
fluid. 2. A small blister on the skin, as a herpetic 
or smallpox vesicle, v., allantoic, the internal hollow 
portion of the allantois. v., auditory, an ectodermic 
sac, a part of the cerebral vesicle, from which the 
internal ear is formed, v., blastodermic. See 
blastoderm, v.s, cerebral or encephalic, divisions of 
the anterior extremity of the neural tube of the 



VESICO- 



938 



VIABLE 



embryo, subsequently forming the segments of the 
brain, v., germinal, the nucleus of the ovum, v., 
Graafian. See follicle, Graafian, v., ocular, a 
protrusion of the anterior cerebral vesicle, the first 
indication of the eye. v., olfactory, the primitive 
vesicle that develops into the olfactory lobe, v., 
optic, a hollow process of the cerebral vesicle forming 
the essential part of the eye. v., otic. See v., audi- 
tory. _ v., prostatic. See uterus ' masculinus. v., 
seminal, one of the two little sacs situated at the 
base of the bladder and serving as reservoirs for the 
semen, v., umbilical. See yolk-sac. 

vesico- (ves-ik-o-) [vesica]. A prefix denoting 
pertaining to the bladder. 

vesicoabdominal (ves-ik-o-ab-dom'-in-al) [vesico- ; 
abdomen]. Pertaining to the abdomen and the 
urinary bladder. 

vesicocele (ves'-ik-o-sel) [vesico-; nri\i), hernia]. 
Hernia of the bladder; cystocele. 

vesicocervical (ves-ik-o-ser'-vik-al) [vesico-; cervix]. 
Pertaining to the cervix uteri and the urinary bladder. 

vesicoclysis (ves-ik-ok'-lis-is) [vesico-; nKvais, a 
washing out]. The injection of fluid into the bladder. 

vesicofixation {ves-ik-o-fiks-a' -shun) [vesico-; fixa- 
tion], i. The operation of suturing the bladder to 
the abdominal wall. 2. The surgical attachment of 
• the uterus to the bladder. 

vesicoprostatic (ves-ik-o-pros-tat'-ik) [vesico-; pros- 
tale]. Pertaining to the prostate gland and the 
urinary bladder. 

vesicopubic (ves-ik-o-pu'-bik) [vesico-; pubis]. 
Pertaining to the urinary bladder and to the pubes. 

vesicorectal (ves-ik-o-rek'-tal) [vesico-; rectum]. 
Pertaining to the bladder and the rectum. 

vesicosigmoid (ves-ik-o-sig'-moid) [vesico-; sigmoid]. 
Pertaining to the urinary bladder and the sigmoid 
flexure. 

vesicosigmoidostomy (ves-ik-o-sig-moid-os'-tom-e) 
[vesico-; sigmoid; arona, mouth]. The operation 
of forming a communication between the urinary 
bladder and the sigmoid flexure. 

vesicospinal (ves-ik-o-spi'-nal) [vesico-; spina, 
spine]. Pertaining to the urinary bladder and the 
spinal cord. 

vesicotomy (ves-ik-ot'-o-me) [vesico-; Tenvew, to 
cut]. \ Incision of the bladder; cystotomy. 

vesicoumbilical {ves-ik-o-um-bil'-ik-al) [vesico-; um- 
bilicus]. Pertaining to the umbilicus and the 
urinary bladder. 

vesicourachal (ves-ik-o-u'-rak-al). Relating to 
the bladder and the urachus. 

vesicoureteral (ves-ik-o-u-re'-ter-al) [vesico-; ureter]. 
Pertaining to the urinary bladder and the ureter. 

vesicourethral {ves-ik-o-u-re'-thral) [vesico-; urethra]. 
Pertaining to the bladder and the urethra. 

vesicouterine (ves-ik-o-u'-ter-in) [vesico-; uterus]. 
Pertaining to the urinary bladder and the uterus. 

vesicouterovaginal (ves-ik-o-u-ter-6-vaj'-in-al). Re- 
latingto the bladder, uterus, and vagina. 

vesicovaginal (ves-ik-o-vaj'-iri-al) [vesico-; vagina]. 
Pertaining to the bladder and the vagina. 

vesicovaginorectal (ves-ik-o-vaj-in-o-rek'-tal) [ves- 
ico-; vagina; rectum]. Pertaining to the bladder, 
vagina, and rectum. 

vesicula (ves-ik'-u-lah) [dim. of vesica, a bladder; 
pi., vesicula]. A vesicle, v. fellis, the gall-bladder, 
v. Graafiana. See follicle. Graafian, vesiculae Na- 
bothii. See ovule (2). v. prostatica, the sinus 
pocularis. vesiculae seminales. See vesicle, seminal. 

vesicular (ves-ik'-il-lar) [vesicle]. 1. Pertaining to 
or composed of vesicles. 2. Produced in vesicles, 
as vesicular breathing, vesicular murmur, v. column, 
a column of ganglion-cells at the base of the posterior 
horn of the spinal cord. v. column, posterior. See 
column of Clarke, v. eczema, eczema attended with 
the formation of vesicles, v. murmur, a fine, normal, 
inspiratory, auscultatory sound heard over the 
chesty v. rale, the crepitant rale. 

vesiculate (ves-ik'-u-ldt). 1. Having a vesicle. 
2. To become vesicular. 

vesiculated (ves-ik'-u-la-ted) [vesicle]. Composed 
of vesicles. 

vesiculation (ves-ik-u-la'-shun) [vesicle]. The 
formation of vesicles; the state of becoming vesicu- 
lated. 

vesiculectomy (ves-ik-u-lek'-to-me) [vesicula; turow, 
excision]. Resection, complete or partial, of the 
seminal vesicles. 

vesiculiferous (ves-ik-u-lif'-er-us) [vesicle; ferre, 
to bear]. Bearing or having vesicles. 



vesiculiform (ves-ik'-u-li-form) [vesicula; forma, 
form]. Having the form of a vesicle. 

vesiculitis (ves-ik-u-li'-tis) [vesicle; tns, inflamma- 
tion]. Inflammation of the seminal vesicles. 

vesiculobronchial (ves-ik-u-lo-brong'-ke-al) [vesicle; 
bronchus]. Both vesicular and bronchial. 

vesiculocavernous (ves-ik-u-lo-kav'-er-nus) [vesicle ; 
cavernous]. Both vesicular and cavernous. 

vesiculopapular (ves-ik-u-lo-pap'-u-lar) [vesicle; 
papule]. Consisting of vesicles and papules. 

ves,iculopustular {ves-ik-u-lo-pus' -tu-lar) [vesicle; 
pustule]. Consisting of vesicles and pustules. 
, vesiculose {ves-ik'-u-los). Vesiculiform. 

vesiculotomy (yes-ik-u-lot'-om-e) [vesicle; tout], 
a cutting]. Division of a seminal vesicle. 

vesiculotubular {ves-ik' -u-lo-tu' -bu-lar) [vesiculo- ; 
tubulus, a tubule]. Both vesicular and tubular (a 
qualification for certain respiratory sounds) . 

vesiculotympanitic (ves-ik-u-lo-tim-pan-it' -ik) [ves- 
icle; tympanum]. Both vesicular and tympanitic. 

vesipyrine (ves-ip-i'-rin). Acetyl salol, used like 
salol in influenza, rheumatism, and neuralgia. 

vespajus (ves-pa'-jus) [vespa, a wasp]. A follicular, 
suppurative inflammation of the hairy part of the 
scalp. 

vessel (ves'-el) [Fr., from vasculum, a vessel]. 
A receptacle for fluids, especially a tube or canal for 
conveying blood or lymph, v.s, absorbent, the 
lymphatics and lacteals. v.s, chyliferous, absorbent 
vessels extending from the intestinal walls to the 
thoracic duct, v.s, hemorrhoidal, varicose veins of 
the rectum, v.s, Jungbluth's, nutrient vessels 
lying immediately beneath the amnion and disap- 
pearing usually at an early period of embryonic life, 
v.s, lacteal. Same as v.s, chyliferous. v.s, radicular, 
branches of vertebral arteries supplying cerebral 
nerve-roots, v.s, umbilical, the umbilical arteries and 
veins. 

vestibular (ves-tib'-ii-lar) [vestibule]. Pertaining 
to a vestibule. 

vestibulate (ves-tib'-u-lat) [vestibulum]. Having a 
vestibule ; vestibular. 

vestibule (ves'-tib-ul) [vestibulum, a porch]. An 
approach; an antechamber, v., aortic, the space 
formed by the left ventricle adjoining the root of 
the aorta, v. of the ear, the oval cavity of the 
internal ear, which forms the entrance to. the cochlea, 
v. of the mouth, that portion of the mouth outside 
of the teeth, v. of the nose, the anterior part of the 
nostrils, v. of the vagina, v. of the vulva, a triangular 
space below the clitoris and between the nymphae. 

vestibulotomy (ves-tib-u-lot'-o-me) [vestibule; tout), 
a cutting]. Surgical operation, making an opening 
into the vestibule of the labyrinth. 

vestibulourethral (ves-tib-u-lo-u-re'-thral). Relat- 
ing to the bulbi vestibuli and to the urethra. 

vestibulum (.ves-tib'-u-lum). See vestibule. Gen- 
erally applied to the vestibule of the ear. 

vestige (ves'-tij) [vestigium, footprint]. A trace 
or remnant of something formerly present or more 
fully developed. 

vestigial (ves-tij' r e-al) [vestige]. Of the nature 
of a vestige or trace; rudimentary, v. fold, a fibrous 
band of the pericardium representing the obliterated 
left innominate vein. 

vestigium (ves-tij'-e-um) [L., a foot-print; pi., 
vestigia]. An anatomical relic of fetal or embryonic 
life. Thus, the thymus gland becomes in adults a 
vestigium. 

vestosol (ves'-to-sol). An ointment said to contain 
formaldehyde, boric acid and zinc oxide. 

vesuvin (ves-u'-vin) [Vesuvius, a volcano near 
Naples]. Bismarck-brown, triamidobenzol; a stain 
used in microscopy. 

veta (ve'-tah) [Sp.]. Mountain sickness. 

veterinarian (vet-er-in-a'-re-an) [see veterinary]. 
One who practises veterinary medicine. 

veterinary (vet'-er-in-a-re) [veterinarius, of, or 
belonging to beasts of burden]. Pertaining to 
domestic animals, v. medicine, medicine as applied 
to the domestic animals. 

vetrinol {vet'-rin-ol). An unguentine for veterinary 
use. 

vetol (vet'-ol). A yohimbine for veterinary use. 

V. F. Abbreviation for visual field. 

via (vi f -ah) [L.; pi., vice]. Away, viae naturales, 
the natural passages. See prima via. 

viability (vi-ab-il'-it-e) [viable]. The state of being 
yiable. 

viable (vi'-ab-l) [Fr. vie, from L.\vita, life]. Capa- 



VIAL 



939 



VILLOSE 



ble of living; likely to live; applied to a fetus capable 
of living outside of the uterus. 

vial (vi'-al) fataX^, a shallow cup]. A small glass 
bottle. 

vibex (vi'-beks) [L.; pi., vibices]. A linear ecchy- 
mosis. 

vibrate (vi'-brat) [vibrare, to shake]. To move to 
and fro. 

vibratile (vi' -bra-til) [see vibrate]. Moving to and 
from; vibrating. 

vibration (vi-bra'-shun) [see vibrate]. The act of 
moving to and fro. 

vibrator {vi' -bra-tor) [see vibrate]. A device for 
conveying mechanical vibration to a part. 

Vibrio (vib'-re-o) [see vibrate]. A genus of Schizo- 
mycetes. See Spirillum. V. cholerae, the spirillum of 
Asiatic cholera. 

vibrissa (vib-ris'-ah) [L. ; gen. and pi., vibrissa]. 
One of the hairs near the opening of the anterior 
nares. 

vibromassage (vi-bro-mas-ahzj'). i. See massage, 
vibratory. 2. A form of pneumomassage for the ear. 

vibrometer (vi-brom'-et-er) [vibrate; uerpov, a 
measure]. A device for the treatment of deafness, 
by which rapid vibrations of the membrana tympani 
are induced. 

vibrophone (vi'-bro-fon) [vibrate; Quvq, sound]. 
A device for applying sound massage to the mem- 
brana tympani in treatment of deafness. 

vibrotherapeutics (vi-bro-ther-ap-u'-tiks). The 

therapeutic application of vibration. 

viburnin (vi-bur'-nin) [Viburnum]. A precipitate 
from a tincture of Viburnum opulus; antispasmodic, 
antiperiodic, expectorant, tonic. Dose 1 to 3 grains. 

Viburnum (vi-bur'-num). A genus of the Capri- 
foliacece. The dried bark of V. opulus, cranberry- 
tree, cramp-bark, is official in the U. S. P., and is 
used in dysmenorrhea, scurvy, asthma, etc. The 
dried bark of the root of V. prunifolium or of V. 
lentago is official in the U. S. P., and is used in dys- 
menorrhea, threatened abortion, menorrhagia, etc. 
V. opulus, fluidextract of (fiuidextr actum viburni 
opuli, U. S. P.). Dose 1-2 dr. (4-8 Co). V. pruni- 
folium, fluidextract of (fiuidextr actum viburni pruni- 
folii, U. S. P.). Dose 1-2 dr. (4-8 Co). 

vicarious (vi-ka'-re-us) [vices, changes]. Taking 
the place of something else; of a habitual discharge 
occurring in an abnormal situation, as vicarious 
menstruation. 

vice (vis) [L„ vitium]. 1. A physical defect, as a 
rice of conformation. 2. A moral defect; a bad habit. 

Vichy water (ve-she). A mildly laxative and 
antacid mineral water obtained from Vichy, in 
France, and used in rheumatic and gouty conditions 
and in disorders of the liver. 

vicious (vish'-us) [from vice]. Defective, faulty. 
v. union, the union of the ends of a fractured bone 
with deformity. 

vlcocoa (vi-ko'-ko). A combination of malt, kola, 
and cocoa. 

Vicq d'Azyr's band, V. d'A.'s stripe (vik-dah-zer) 
[Felix Vicq d'Azyr, French anatomist, 1748-1794]. 
See Baillarger's layer. V. d'A.'s bundle, a tract of 
nerve-fibers passing from the corpus albicans to the 
anterior nucleus of the optic thalamus. V. d'A.'s 
foramen, the foramen caecum at the upper end of the 
median groove of the anterior surface of the ob- 
longata. V. d'A.'s line, V. d'A.'s band. V. d'A.'s 
operation, rapid tracheotomy through the crico- 
thyroid membrane. 

Victoria blue (vik-lo'-re-ah) [after Queen Victoria 
of England, 1819-1901]. A blue stain used in 
histology. It is phenyltetramethyl-amidoalphanaph- 
thyldiphenylcarbinol hydrochloride. V. orange, a 
yellow stain used in histology: it is a salt of dinitro- 
cresol. 

victorium (vik-to'-re-um) [after Queen Victoria of 
England, 1819-1901]. A supposed element of the 
yttrium-cerium group discovered by Sir William 
Crookes; its existence is not proved. 

Vidal's operation (ve'-dal) [Auguste Theodore 
Vidal de Cassis, French surgeon, 1803-1856]. Sub- 
cutaneous ligation of the veins involved, in treatment 
of varicocele. 

Vidian artery (vid'-e-an) [relating to, described by, 
or named after Vidus Vidius (Guido Guidi), Italian 
anatomist, 1545-1569]- A branch of the internal 
maxillary artery; it passes through the Vidian canal 
and is distributed to the pharynx and Eustachian 
tube. V. canal, a canal of the sphenoid bone at the 



base of the internal pterygoid plate, opening anteri- 
orly into the sphenomaxillary fossa, and posteriorly 
into the lacerated foramen. It transmits the Vidian 
nerve and vessels. V. nerve, a branch given off from 
the sphenopalatine ganglion. 

vieirin (vi-e'-ir-in). A principle from the bark of 
Remijia vellosii, one of the cuprea-barks. It is an 
amorphous white substance with an aromatic odor 
and bitter taste. It is soluble in alcohol and chloro- 
form, and is used as a febrifuge instead of quinine. 
Dose 1-4 gr. (0.065-0.25 Gm.) several times daily. 

Vienna paste (ve-en'-ah). See paste, Vienna. 

Vienna powder. Potassa cum calce. 

Vierordt's hemotachometer (fer'-ort) [Karl Vier- 
ordt, German physiologist, 1818-1884]. An instru- 
ment for measuring the rate of flow of the blood. 

Vieussens' annulus (ve-oo-son') [Raymond Vieus- 
sens, French anatomist, 1641-1715]. A small nerve 
passing between the middle and lower cervical, 
or first dorsal, ganglia and forming a loop around 
the subclavian artery. Syn., ansa subclavia. V.'s 
centrum ovale. See centrum ovale Vieussenii. V.'s 
ganglion, the solar plexus. V.'s isthmus, V.'s ring, 
the annulus ovalis. V.'s valve. See valve of Vieus- 
sens. V.'s ventricle, the fifth ventricle. 

vigil (vij'-il) [L.]. Watchful wakefulness, v., 
coma. See coma vigil. 

vigilambulism (vij-il-am'-bu-lizm) [vigil; ambulare, 
to walk]. Ambulatory automatism in the waking 
state. 

vigintinormal (vij-in-te-nor'-mal) [viginti, twenty; 
norma, rule]. Possessing one- twentieth of what is 
normal. 

Vignal's cells (ven'-yal) [Guillaume Vignal, French 
physiologist, contemporary]. Embryonic connective- 
tissue (mesenchymatous) cells lying upon the axis- 
cylinders of which the fetal nerve-fibers are made up. 
At first globular, these cells elongate and gradually 
fuse until they form a complete sheath around the 
axis-cylinder. 

Vigo plaster (ve'-go) [Giovanni da Vigo, Italian 
surgeon, circ. 1500]. A plaster containing mercury, 
turpentine, wax, lead-plaster, and other substances. 
V.'s powder, red oxide of mercury. 

vigoral (vig'-o-ral). A proprietary preparation of 
pulverized beef and beef extract. 

Vigouroux's sign (ve-goo-roo') [Auguste Vigouroux, 
French neurologist]. Diminished resistance of the 
skin to electric stimulation in exophthalmic goiter. 

Villard's button (ve-lar') [ Villard, French 

surgeon]. A modification of Murphy's button. 

Villatte's liquor, or solution. A preparation used 
for injecting into carious bones, consisting of zinc 
sulphate and copper sulphate, each, 15 gr.; lead 
subacetate solution, 5 dr., and dilute acetic acid, 
3§dr. 

villi (vil'-li). Plural of villus, a tuft. Tufts of 
hair, or hair-like processes or projections of a mucous 
membrane giving it a velvety appearance, v., 
arachnoid, Pacchionian bodies, v. of the chorion, 
fringes growing from the external surface of the 
vitelline membrane, finally covering the entire chori- 
on, v., intestinal, minute, highly vascular tongue- 
like processes projecting from the free surface of 
the mucous membrane of the small intestine through- 
out its whole extent. They are larger and more 
numerous in the duodenum and jejunum and are 
fewer and smaller in the ileum. They constitute the 
chief organs of absorption of fatty emulsions, v. 
pericardiaci, villi upon the ental surface of the 
pericardium, v. peritoneales, villi upon the free 
surface of the peritoneum, v. pleurales, villi on the 
parietal pleura, v., synovial, small, tongue-like 
processes projecting from the fringes of synovial 
membranes. 

villiferous (vil-if'-er-us) [villus; ferre, to bear]. 
Furnished with tufts of hairs or villi. 

villiform (vil'-if-orm) [villus; forma, form]. Villose 
in form. 

villiplacental (vil-ip-las-en'-tal) [villus; placenta]. 
Having a tufted or villous placenta. 

villitis (vil-i'-tis) [villus; ins, inflammation]. 
Inflammation of the cushion or soft part of the wall 
of a horse's hoof. See coronitis. 

villoid (vil'-oid) [villus; elSos, like]. Villiform. 

villoma (vil-o'-mah) [villus; opia, tumor]. A 
villous tumor. 

villose, villous (vil'-os, vil'-us) [villus]. Pertaining 
to a villus; covered with villi; characterized by the 
formation of villus-like projections. 



VILLOSITIS 



940 



VIRTUAL CAUTERY 



villositis (vil-os-i'-iis) [villus; -ins, inflammation]. 
Inflammation of the villous surface of the placenta. 

vlUosity (vil-os'-it-e) [villus], i. The state of 
being villous. 2. A proliferation of a membranous 
surface. 

villus (vil'-us) [L., "a tuft of hair"; pi., villi]. 
1. One of the minute club-shaped projections from 
the mucous membrane of the intestine, consisting 
of a lacteal vessel, an arteriole, and a vein, inclosed 
in a layer of epithelium. 2. One of the vascular 
tufts of the chorion. 

vin. Abbreviation of Latin vinum, wine. 

vin (van) [Fr.]. Wine. 

vina (vi'-nah) [L., pi. of vinum, wine]. Wines, 
v. medicata, medicated wines. 

vinasse (ve-nas) [Fr.]. Potash obtained from the 
residue of the wine-press. 

Vincent's angina [H. Vincent, French physician, 
1862- ]. Diphtheroid angina due to the bacillus 
of pseudodiphtheria. Syn., ulceromembranous angina. 
V.'s sign. See Argyll-Robertson pupil. 

Vincetoxicum (vin-se-toks' -ik-um) [vincere, to sub- 
due; toxicum, poison]. A genus of the order Asclepi- 
adacece. The root of V. officinale, swallowwort, 
indigenous to Europe, is used as an emetic and in 
menstrual disorders. ' 

vincula accessoria tendinum [L., pi. of vinculum, 
a band]. The slender tendinous filaments which 
connect the phalanges with the flexor tendons. 

vinculum (vin'-ku-lum) [vinculum, ■&. band, fetter]. 
A ligament, frenum. v. linguae, frenum of the 
tongue, v. lingulae, the lateral prolongation of the 
lingula of the cerebellum, v. praeputii, the frenum of 
the prepuce, v. umbilicale, the umbilical cord. 

vinegar (vin'-e-gar) [Fr., vin, wine; aigre, sour]. 
1. An impure solution of acetic acid, obtained by 
acetous fermentation of wine, beer, cider, etc., or 
by the dry distillation of wood. It is used as a 
condiment. 2. A solution of a medicinal substance 
in vinegar or acetic acid. Only two vinegars are 
official in the U. S. P.: vinegar of opium (acetum 
opii, U. S. P.) and vinegar of squill (acetum scilloe, 
U. S. P.). v. of lead, solution of lead subacetate. 
v., radical, glacial acetic acid. 

vinic (vi'-nik) [vinum]. Pertaining to wine; 
obtained from wine. 

vinometer (vi-nom' -e-ter) [vinum, wine; ukrpov, 
measure]. An instrument for measuring the per- 
centage of alcohol in a liquor. 

vinopyrine (vi-no-pi'-rin). Trade name of an anti- 
pyretic, said to be paraphenetidin bitartrate. 

vinous (vi'-nus) [vinum]. Having the nature of 
wine; containing wine. 

vinum (vi'-num) [L.: gen., vini; pi., vina]. Wine. 
The fermented juice of fruits, especially that of 
grapes. See wine. There are 10 official vina, of 
which 8 are medicated, v. absinthiatum, worm- 
wood-wine ; made by macerating artemisia absinthium 
in white wine. v. album, white wine, an alcoholic 
liquid made by fermenting the juice of the fresh 
grape; it contains from 10 to 14 per cent, by weight 
of absolute alcohol, v. antimonii, wine of antimony. 
Dose njf x-xxx. v. aromaticum consists of strong 
white wine 04 per cent., with one per cent, each of 
lavender, origanum, peppermint, rosemary, sage, 
and wormwood, v. cocae, wine of coca, contains 
6.5 per cent, of fluidextract of coca. Dose 5 iv. 
v. colchici seminis, wine of colchicum-seed. Dose 
i5> x-xxx. v. ergotae, wine of ergot. Dose 5 3 — iij - 
v. ferri, wine of iron. Dose 5 j-ij- v. ferri amarum, 
bitter wine of iron. Dose 5 J — iij - v. ipecacuanhas, 
wine of ipecac. Dose njj v-x. v. opii, 1.3 to 1.5 gm. 
morphine in 100 cc. Dose nj> v-xv. v. portense, 
port wine, is fortified with 25-30 per cent.; and 
v. xericum, sherry wine, until it contains about 25 
per cent, of alcohol, v. rubrum, red wine, an alco- 
holic liquid made by fermenting the juice of the 
fresh, colored grapes, the fruit of Vitis vinifera, in 
the presence of their skins. It contains from 10-14 
per cent, by weight of absolute alcohol, vini gallici, 
spiritus, brandy. 

vioform (vi'-o-form). See iodochloroxyquinolin. 

Viola (vi'-o-lah) [L., "violet"]. A genus of plants 
of the Violariece, including V. tricolor, heart's-ease, 
V. odorata, V. cucullata. V. odorata, as well as other 
species, is used in bronchitis. 

violation (vi-o-la'-shun) [violare, to ravish]. Rape. 
Sometimes used to express the fact of coitus without 
force, but by deception, with the weak-minded, etc. 

violet (vi'-o-let) [viola]. 1. One of the colors of 



the spectrum, very closely resembling the purple 
of violets and possessing the greatest refrangibility 
of the spectral colors. 2. A violet dyestuff. v.- 
blindness, retinal insensibility to violet tints, v., 
gentian-, a violet anilin dye used for staining in 
histological and bacteriological work, v., methyl-. 
See methyl-violet. 

violine (vi'-o-len) [viola]. An emetocathartic 
alkaloid from Viola tricolor. 

violinist's cramp, violin-player's cramp. An 
occupation-neurosis occurring in violin-players, and 
characterized by spasm of the fingers used in playing. 

viperine (vi'-pur-in) [viper inus]. 1. Pertaining to 
a viper. 2. Virginia snake-root. 3. A toxalbumin 
extracted from the venom of vipers. 

viraginity (vir-aj-in'-it-e) [virago, a bold man- 
like woman]. A form of sexual perversion in which 
the female individual is essentially male in her 
feelings and tastes. 

Virchow's angle (fer'-ko) [Rudolf Virchow, 
German pathologist, 1821-1902]. In craniometry, 
the angle formed by the union of a line joining the 
naso-frontal suture and the most prominent point 
of the lower edge of the superior alveolar processes, 
and a line joining the superior border of the external 
auditory meatus and the lower border of the orbit. 
V.'s axiom, "omnis cellula ecellula," every cell (is de- 
rived) from a cell. V.'s bone-cells. The cells found 
in lacunae of bone. V.'s corpuscles. See Toynbee's 
corpuscles. V.'s crystals, bright yellow or orange- 
colored crystals of hematoidin sometimes found in 
extravasated blood. V.'s degeneration, amyloid 
degeneration. V.'s disease, leontiasis ossea. V.'s 
gland, the jugular gland; a lymphatic gland situated 
behind the clavicular insertion of the sternomastoid. 
V.'s granulations, granulations consisting principally 
of ependymal and neuroglia fibers, commonly found 
in the walls of the ventricles of the brain in progressive 
general paralysis. V.'s law, the cellular elements of 
a tumor are derived from preexisting tissue-cells. 
V.'s line, the line extending from the root of the 
nose to the lambda. 

Virchow-Hassall's bodies. See HassaU's bodies. 

Virchow-Holder angle. Virchow's angle. 

Virchow-Robin's space. An adventitious lymph- 
space found between the adventitia and media of 
the blood-vessels of the brain and communicating 
with the subarachnoid space. 

virgin (vur'-jin) [virgo, a maid]. A person who 
has never had sexual intercourse. 

virginal (vur'-jin-al) [virgin]. Pertaining to 
virginity, v. membrane, the hymen. 

Virginia creeper. Vitis hederacea (Ampelopsis 
quinquefolia) ; the leaves and twigs are alterative, 
tonic, astringent, and expectorant. V. snake-root. 
See Serpentaria. 

virginity (vur'-jin' -it-e) [virgin]. The condition 
of being a virgin. 

viridin (vir'-id-in) [viridis, green]. An oily sub- 
stance, C12H19N, derived from coal-tar. 

viridine (vir-id-in) [viridis, green]. An alkaloid 
obtained from Veratrum viride, and supposed to be 
identical with jervine. 

virile (vir'-il) [virilis, from vir, a man]. Pertaining 
to or characteristic of the man. v. member, the 
penis. 

virilescence (vir-il-es'-ens) [virile]. The assumption 
of male characters by an aged woman; the growth of 
a beard, the development of a manly voice on the 
part of a woman after the menopause. 

virilia (vir-il'-e-ah) [plural of virilis, manly]. The 
male generative organs. 

virilin (vir-il'-in). An aphrodisiac preparation 
composed of yohimbine, strychnine, and glycero- 
phosphates. 

virility (vir -il' -it-e) [virile]. The condition of being 
virile; procreative power. 

viripotent (yir-ip'-o-tent) [vir, a man; potens, 
able; hence, ripe for a man]. Marriageable. The 
term should be used of the female only. 

virogen (vi'-ro-jen). A preparation said to be 
composed of glycerophosphates and soluble protein 
of milk. 

virol (vi'-rol). A proprietary substitute for cod- 
liver oil. 

virola-tallow. An oil or fat from the seeds of 
Myristica sebifera; a remedy for rheumatism. 

virose, virous (vi'-ros, vi'-rus) [virosus, poisonous]. 
Poisonous; having a poisonous taste or smell. 

virtual cautery (vur'-tu-al kor'-ter-e). Cautery by 



VIRTUAL FOCUS 



941 



VITALI'S TEST 



the application of caustics; term used in opposition 
to actual cautery. 

virtual focus (vur'-tu-al fo'-kus). See focus, nega- 
tive. 

virtual image (vur'-tu-al im'-aj). The image 
formed by rays prolonged after reflection. 

virulence (vir'-oo-lens) [virus]. Malignity; noxious- 
ness; infectiousness. The disease-producing power 
of a microorganism. 

virulent (vir'-oo-lent) [virus]. Having the nature of 
a poison. 

viruliferous (vir-oo-lif'-er-us) [virus; ferre, to carry]. 
Containing or conveying a virus. 

virulin (vir'-oo-lin). Antiphagin. A constituent of 
virulent bacteria which enables them to resist the 
action of phagocytes. 

virus (vi'-rus) [L.]. i. The poison of an infectious 
disease, especially one found in the secretion or tissues 
of an individual or animal suffering from an infectious 
disease. 2. Vaccine-lymph, v., attenuated, a virus 
whose pathogenicity has been lessened by unfavorable 
conditions of cultivation, v. fixe, or v., fixed, 
v. of rabies which has been rendered as virulent as 
possible, v., humanized, vaccine-lymph taken from 
the vaccine pustule of a human subject, v., organized, 
a pathogenic microorganism, v., street, v. of ^ rabies 
ordinarily found in rabid dogs, v., unorganized, a 
poisonous chemical substance developed in the body 
by the action of the body-cells or of microorganisms. 

vis [L. : pi., vires]. Force; energy; power, v. a 
fronte, a force that attracts, v. a tergo, a force 
that pushes something before it. v. conservatrix, 
the healing power of nature, v. formativa, energy 
manifesting itself in the formation of new tissue 
to replace that which has been destroyed, v. inertia?, 
that force by virtue of which a body at rest remains 
at rest. v. medicatrix naturae, the healing power 
of nature apart from medicinal treatment, v. vita?, 
vital force. 

viscera (vis'-er-ah). Plural of viscus. 

viscerad (vis'-er-ad) [viscera; ad, to]. Toward the 
viscera. 

visceral (vis'-er-al) [viscera]. Pertaining to a viscus 
or to viscera, v. arches and clefts, four slit-like depres- 
sions with intermediate thickenings of the lateral wall 
of the cervical region of the embryo, v. skeleton, 
that part of the bony skeleton which encloses viscera, 
such as the pelvis, ribs, and sternum. 

visceralgia (vis-er-al'-je-ah) [viscera; SXyos, pain] 
Pain in a viscus. 

visceralism (vis'-ur-al-izm). The doctrine that all 
disease has its origin in the viscera. 

viscerimotor (vis-er-im-o'-tor) [viscera; motor]. 
Conveying motor impulses to a viscus. 

visceripericardial (vis-er-ip-er-ik-ar'-de-al) [viscera ; 
pericardium]. Common to the pericardium and the 
viscera. 

viscero- {vis-er-o-) [viscera]. A prefix denoting 
pertaining to the viscera. 

visceroinhibitory (vis-er-o-in-hib'-it-o-re). Inhibit- 
ing the movements of viscera. 

visceromotor (vis-er-o-mo' -tor) . Viscerimotor. 

visceroparietal (vis-er-o-pa-ri'-et-al) [viscero- ; paries, 
wall]. Pertaining to the viscera and the abdominal 
wall. 

visceropericardial (vis-er-o-per-ik-ar'-de-al). See 
visceripericardial. 

visceroperitoneal (vis-er-o-per-it-on-e'-al) [viscero-; 
peritoneum]. Relating to the abdominal viscera and 
the peritoneum. 

visceropleural (vis-er-o-ploo'-ral) [viscero-; ir\evpa, 
side]. Pertaining to the thoracic viscera and the 
pleura ; pleurovisceral. 

visceroptosis (vis-er-op-to'-sis) [viscero-; tctuhjis, 
a falling]. Abdominal ptosis; Glenard's disease. 

viscerosensory (vis-er-o-sen'-so-re) [viscero-; sen- 
sory]. Relating to sensation in the viscera. 

visceroskeletal (vis-er-o-skeV -et-al) [viscero-; skele- 
ton]. Pertaining to the visceral skeleton. 

viscerosomatic (vis-er-o-so-mat'-ik) [viscero-; <ru>na, 
body]. Relating to the viscera and the body. 

viscid {vis' -id) [viscidus, sticky]. Sticky; adhesive; 
glutinous. 

viscidity (vis-id' -it-e) [viscid]. The state of being 
viscid. Same as viscosity. 

viscin (vis' -in) [viscum]. A mucilaginous extract 
of mistletoe. 

viscometer (vis-kom'-et-er). See viscosimeter. 

viscose (vis'-kos) [viscum]. 1. See viscous. 2. A 
gummy product of viscous fermentation. ' 



viscosimeter (vis-cos-im'-et-ur) [viscosity; ukrpov, a 
measure]. An apparatus for determining the degree 
of viscosity of a fluid, especially blood. 

viscosity (vis-kos'-it-e). The state of being vis- 
cous. 

viscous (vis'-kus). 1. Viscid. 2. Pertaining to a 
viscus or internal organ. 

Viscum (vis'-kum) [L.]. A genus of plants, in- 
cluding the mistletoe, of the order Loranthacece, 
growing as parasites upon trees. V. album, European 
mistletoe, and V. flavescens, or Phoradendron flaves- 
cens, American mistletoe, contain a viscid principle, 
viscin, which is the chief constituent. 

viscus (vis'-kus) [L.: pi., viscera]. Any one of the 
organs inclosed within one of the four great cavities, 
the cranium, thorax, abdominal cavity, or pelvis; 
especially one within the abdominal cavity. 

visibility (yiz-ib-iV -it-e) . The state of being visible. 

visible (viz'-ib-l) [vision]. Capable of being seen. 

vision (vizh'-un) [videre, to see]. The act of seeing; 
sight, v., binocular. See binocular vision, v., 
central, vision with the macula lutea. v., chromatic, 
pertaining to the color sense, v., direct. See v., 
central, v., double. See diplopia, v., field of. 
See field, v., indirect, vision with other parts of 
the retina than the macula, v., multiple, a condition 
of the eye wherein more than one image of an object 
is formed upon the retina, v., qualitative, vision 
in which there is ability to distinguish objects. 
v., quantitative, mere perception of light, v., solid, 
v., stereoscopic, the perception of relief or depth of 
objects obtained by binocular vision. 

visit (viz' -it) [videre, to see]. A professional call 
upon a patient. 

viskolein (vis-ko'-le-in). A proprietary preparation 
said to be antiseptic and antipyretic. 

visual (viz'-u-al) [vision]. Pertaining to vision, 
v. angle. See angle, v. axis. See axis. v. cells, 
the rods and cones and external nuclear layer of the 
retina, v. field, the area within which objects may 
be seen. v. purple, a pigmentary substance in the 
retina reacting to light in a peculiar manner, and 
thought to be intimately connected with vision. 
See rhodopsin. 

visualization (viz-u-al-iz-a'-shun). The act of 
rendering a mental perception visible to the eye; 
the recalling of a mental image with such distinct- 
ness that it seems reality. 

visuoauditory (viz-u-o-aw'-dit-o-re) [vision; audire, 
to hear]. Pertaining to hearing and seeing; of 
nerve-fibers, connecting the visual and auditory 
centers. 

visuometer (viz-u-om'-et-er) [visus, vision; ukrpov, a 
measure]. An apparatus for determining range of 
vision. 

visus (vi'-sus) [videre, to see]. Vision, v. acrior, 
nyctalopia, v. acris, acuteness of vision, v. breyior, 
myopia, v. coloratus, chromatopsia. v. debilitas, 
asthenopia, v. decoloratus, achromatopsia, v. di- 
midiatus, hemiopia. v. diurnus, hemeralopia. v. 
duplicatus, diplopia, v. habetudo, amblyopia, v. 
juvenum, myopia, v. lucidus, photopsia. v. mus- 
carum, specks before eyes. v. senilis, presbyopia. 

vita (vi'-tah) [L.]. Life. 

vitafer (vi'-ta-fer). A proprietary preparation, 
containing casein and glycerophosphates, and used 
as a tonic and nutrient. 

vital (vi'-tal) [vita, life]. Pertaining to life. v. 
capacity, the volume of air that can be expelled from 
the lungs after a full inspiration, v. center, the 
respiratory center in the medulla, v. knot, the 
respiratory center in the medulla, v. principle, the 
energizing principle on which individual life depends, 
v. signs, respiration, pulse, and temperature, v. sta-^ 
tistics, statistics of births, deaths, marriages, and 
diseases in a community.: 

Vitali's test (ve-tah'-le) [Dioscoride Vitali, Italian 
physician]. 1. For alkaloids: The addition of sul- 
phuric acid, potassium chlorate, and an alkaline 
sulphide will give various color reactions with an 
alkaloid. 2. For atropine: After evaporation with 
fuming nitric acid and moistening with alcoholic 
solution of potassium hydroxide, atropine causes a 
violet color which changes to red. 3- For bile pig- 
ments in the urine: Add to the liquid a few drops of a 
potassium nitrite solution and then some dilute 
sulphuric acid. A beautiful green color will be pro- 
duced, changing to red or blue, and finally to yellow. 
4. For pus in the urine: The urine is acidified with 
acetic acid, then filtered; to the filtrate a small 



VITALISM 



942 



VOILLEMIER'S POINT 



quantity of guaiacum is added; in the presence of 
pus a dark blue color results. 

vitalism (vi'-tal-izm) [see vital]. The doctrine that 
ascribes the phenomena exhibited by living organisms 
to the action of a vital force distinct from mechanical 
or chemical force. 

vitalist (vi'-tal-ist) [see vital]. A believer in 
vitalism. 

vitality (vi-tal'-it-e) [vita, life]. The vital force, 
or principle of life; also the condition of having life; 
vigor; activity. 

vitalize (vi'-tal-iz) [vita, life]. To endow with life. 

vitals (vi'-talz) [see vital]. The organs essential to 
life. 

vitamine (vi'-tam-en) [vita, life; amine]. A sub- 
stance, belonging to a group of organic bases of 
unknown composition, which is present in small 
quantities in food, and is necessary for the normal 
processes of metabolism ; the absence or insufficiency 
of these substances is supposed to be the cause of 
beriberi, pellagra, rickets, and scurvy. 

vitaminosis (vi-tam-in-o'-sis) [vitamine; vbtros, 
disease]. An indefinite term used to include the 
diseases supposed to be due to deficiency, scurvy, 
pellagra, beriberi, and rickets. 

vitellary (vit'-el-a-re) [vitellus, yolk]. Pertaining 
to the vitellus. 

vitellicle (vit-el'-ik-l) [vitellus, yolk]. The yolk- 
sac; umbilical vesicle. 

vitellin (vit-el'-in) [vitellus, yolk]. A globulin 
found in egg-yolk. 

vitelline (vit-el'-in) [vitellus, yolk]. Pertaining to 
the vitellus or yolk. v. artery, an artery passing 
from the yolk-sac to the primitive aorta of the 
embryo, v. duct, the omphalomesaraic duct. v. 
membrane, the true membrane of the ovum, lying 
inside of the zona pellucida. v. veins, veins returning 
the blood from the yolk-sac to the primitive heart of 
the embryo. 

vitellolutein (vit-el-o-lu'-te-in) [vitellus, luteus, 
golden yellow]. A yellow dye from the lutein of 
eggs. 

vitellomesenteric (vit-el-o-mes-en-ter'-ik) [vitellus; 
mesentery]. Omphalomesenteric. 

vitellorubin (vit-el-o-roo'-bin) [vitellus; ruber, red]. 
A reddish pigment obtained from the yolk of egg. 

vitellose (vit-el-os') [vitellus], A proteose obtained 
from vitellin. 

vitellus (vit-el'-us) [L.]. A yolk; specifically, the 
yolk of the egg of the common fowl, Gallus domesticus. 
v. ovi, the yolk of an egg. 

vitiation (vish-e-a'-shun) [vitiare, to corrupt]. 
I. The contamination of any substance. 2. Lessen- 
ing of efficiency or utility. 

vitiligines (vit-i-lij'-in-ez) [pi. of vitiligo]. The 
linear albicantes. 

vitiligo (vit-il-i'-go) [L.]. Piebald skin, a disease of 
the skin characterized by a disappearance of the 
natural pigment, occurring in patches and leaving 
whitish areas. 

vitiligoid (vit-il'-ig-oid). Resembling vitiligo. 

vitiligoidea (vit-il-ig-oi'-de-ah) [vitiligo; eZSos, like]. 
Xanthoma. 

vitium (vish'-e-um) [L.: pi., vitia], A vice, defect, 
disease, or fault, v. caducum, epilepsy, v. cordis, 
organic heart disease, v. prima conformations, a 
malformation. 

vitodynamic (vi-to-di-nam'-ik) [vita, life; Swanu, 
energy]. Relating to vital forces. 

vitreocapsulitis (vit-re-o-kap-su-li'-tis). See hya- 
litis. 

vitreodentine (vit-re-o-den'-ten) [vitreus, glassy; 
dens, a tooth]. A variety of dentine of particularly 
hard texture. 

vitreous (vit'-re-us) [vitrum, glass]. Glassy; hya- 
line. The vitreous humor (q. v.). v. body. See 
v. humor, v. chamber, the portion of the globe of 
the eye posterior to the crystalline lens. v. degen- 
eration, hyaline degeneration, v. humor, the trans- 
parent, jelly-like substance filling the posterior 
chamber of the eye. v. membrane, the inner mem- 
brane of the choroid, v. table, the hard, brittle, 
inner table of the skull. 

vitrescence (vit-res'-ens) [vitrum, glass]. The con- 
dition of becoming hard and transparent like glass. 

vitreum (vit'-re-um) [vitreus, glassy]. The vitre- 
ous body of the eye; same as vitreous humor. 

vitric (vit'-rik). Relating to glass or any vitreous 
substance. 

vitrina (vit-ri'-na) [vitrum, glass]. The vitreous 



body. v. auditoria, or v. auris, the endolymph. 
v. oculi, the vitreous body. 

vitriol (vit'-re-ol) [vitriolum; vitrum, glass]. A term 
formerly used to denote any substance having a 
glassy fracture or appearance. 1. Sulphuric acid, 
more commonly called oil of vitriol. 2. Any crystal- 
line salt of sulphuric acid, v., blue, copper sulphate. 
v., elixir of, aiomatic sulphuric acid, v., green, 
ferrous sulphate or copperas, v., oil of, sulphuric 
acid, v., white, zinc sulphate. 

vitriolated (vit'-re-ol-a-ted). Containing vitriol; 
containing sulphur or sulphuric acid. v. soda, 
sodium sulphate, v. tartar, potassium sulphate. 

vitriolation (vit-re-o-la'-shun). Conversion into 
glass or into a hyaloid structure. 

vitriolum cupri. Blue vitriol. 

vitrum (vit'-rum) [L.]. Glass. 

vitular (vit'-u-lar) [vitulus, calf]. Relating to a 
calf 01 ,to calving, v. apoplexy, apoplexy of cows 
occurring at parturition, v. fever. 1. Vitular 
apoplexy. 2. A fever following parturition in the 
cow. 

vividiffusion (viv-e-dif-u! -zjun) [vivus, living; diffu- 
sion]. The temporary flow of some of the arterial 
blood of a living animal through an extra-circuit 
of collodion tubes surrounded with physiological salt- 
solution, which circuit is inserted into one of the peri- 
pheral arteries. The blood thus circulates outside of 
the body through a dialyser, and back again into a vein. 

vivification (viv-if-ik-a'-shun) [vivus, living; facer e, 
to make]. The act of making alive or of converting 
into living tissue. 

viviparity (viv-ip-ar'-it-e) [vivus, living; par ere, to 
bring forth]. The bringing forth of hving offspring; 
the state of being viviparous. 

viviparous (viv-ip'-ar-us) [see viviparity]. Bringing 
forth the young alive — distinguished from oviparous. 

vivipation (viv-ip-a'-shun) [vivus, alive; par ere, to' 
bring forth]. A form of generation in which the 
ovum matures in the uterus. 

viviperception (viv-ip-er-sep'-shun) [vivus, living; 
percipere, to perceive]. The study of physiological 
processes without dissection or vivisection. 

vivisect (viv'-is-ekt) [vivus, living; secare, to cut]. 
To practise or perform vivisection. 

vivisection (viv-is-ek'-shun) [vivus, living; secare, to 
cut]. The dissection of a living animal; experi- 
mentation upon an animal while still alive. 

vivisectionist (viv-is-ek'-shun r ist) [see vivisection]. 
A practiser or defender of vivisection; a vivisector. 

vivisector (viv-is-ek'-tor) [see vivisection]. One who 
practises vivisection. 

vivisectorium (viv-is-ek-to'-re-um) [L.]. A place or 
laboratory where vivisection is performed. 

Vleminckx's solution (flem'-inx) [Jean Francois 
Vleminckx, Belgian physician, 1800-1876]. An ap- 
plication used in Austria and Germany for treating 
acne. It consists of lime, 1; sulphur, 2; water, 20. 
Slake the lime, add the sulphur, and boil to 12 parts, 
v. vocal (vo'-kal) [vox, voice]. Pertaining to the 
voice; pertaining to the organs producing the voice, 
v. area, the portion of the glottis lying between the 
vocal cords, v. bands, v. cords. See under larynx. 
v. fremitus, the thrill conveyed to the hand when 
applied to the chest during speaking, v. ligaments, 
the true vocal cords, v. resonance, the resonance pro- 
duced by the voice as heard on auscultating the lung. 

vocalis (vo-ka'-lis). See muscles, table of. 

vodka (vod'-kah). A kind of Russian whiskey. 

Vogt's point (foht) [Paul Friedrich Emmanuel 
Vogt, German surgeon, 1847-1885]. The point 
selected by Vogt for trephining in cases of traumatic 
meningeal hemorrhage. It is found at the inter- 
section of a horizontal line two fingerbreadths above 
the zygomatic arch, with a vertical line a thumb's 
breadth behind the ascending sphenofrontal process 
of the zygoma. 

Vohsen-Davidsohn's sign. See Davidsohn's sign. 

voice (vois) [vox, a voice]. The sounds, especially 
articulate sounds, produced by the vibration of the 
vocal bands and modified by the resonance organs. 
v., change of, in the transition period of youth the 
voice loses its treble quality and (sometimes irregu- 
larly) assumes the qualities of the adult voice. 

void [ME., voiden, to void]. To evacuate. 

Voigt's boundary-lines (foit) [Christian August 
Voigt, Austrian anatomist, 1809-1890]. The lines 
which divide the regions of distribution of two 
peripheral nerve-trunks. 

Voillemier's point. A point on the linea alba 



VOIT'S NUCLEUS 



943 



VULNUS 



6 to 7 cm. below a line drawn between the two 
anterior superior spines of the ilium; suprapubic 
puncture of the bladder is made at this point in 
fat or edematous subjects. 

Voit's nucleus (foit) [Carl von Voit, German 
physiologist, 1831-1908]. An accessory nucleus of 
the corpus dentatum in the cerebellum. 

vola (vo'-lah) [L.]. The palm of the hand or the 
sole of the foot. v. manus, the palm of the hand. 
v. pedis, the sole of the foot. 

volar (vo'-lar) [vola]. Pertaining to the palm or the 
sole. 

volatile (vol'-at-il) [volatilis, from volare, to fly]. 
Passing into vapor at ordinary temperatures; evapo- 
rating, v. alkali, ammonia, v. liniment, ammonia 
liniment, v. oils. See essential oils. 

volatilization (vol-at-il-i-za'-shun) [see volatile]. 
The act of volatilizing. 

volatilize (vol'-at-il-iz) [see volatile]. To convert 
into vapor by means of heat; to pass into vapor. 

Volhard's solution (J 'ol' '-hart) [J. Volhard, German 
chemist, 1834- ]. Decinormal solution of po- 
tassium sulphocyanate. V.'s volumetric method, 
a method for estimating halogens by means of 
ammonium sulphocyanate. 

volition (vo-lish'-un) [volitio, will]. The will or 
determination to act. 

volitional (vo-lish'-un-al) [volitio, will]. Pertaining 
to volition, v. insanity, insanity characterized by 
perversions of the will, or by abulia or hyperbulia. 

Volkmann's canals (folk'-mahn) [Alfred Wilhelm 
Volkmann, German physiologist, 1800-1877]. Small 
canals found in the circumferential lamella? of long 
bones and transmitting blood-vessels; they com- 
municate with the Haversian canals. 

Volkmann's deformity (folk'-mahn) [Richard 
Volkmann, German surgeon, 1 830-1 889]. Con- 
genital tibiotarsal dislocation. V.'s spoon, a sharp 
spoon for removing diseased tissue. 

volley (vol'-e) [volare, to fly]. A series of arti- 
ficially induced muscle-twitches. 

volsella (vol-seV -ah) [vellere, to pluck]. A forceps 
having one or more hooks at the end of each blade. 
Also called vulsella. 

volt (volt) [Alessandro Volta, an Italian physicist, 
1745-1827]. The unit of electromotive force, or the 
force sufficient to cause a current of one ampere to 
flow against a resistance of one ohm. v.-ampere, 
the amount of pressure developed by a current of 
one ampere having an electromotive force of one 
volt. Syn., watt. 

voltage (volt'-aj) . Electromotive strength measured 
in volts. 

voltagram (volt'-ah-gram). A faradic battery 
so arranged as to produce an almost continuous 
current. 

voltaic (vol-ta'-ik). Described by or named after 
Volta (see volt), v. electricity, galvanism, v. irrita- 
bility, muscular irritability during galvanism. 

voltaism (vol'-ta-izm). See galvanism. 

voltameter (vol-tam' -et-er) [volt; tikrpov, a measure]. 
An instrument for ascertaining the electromotive 
force of a current in volts. 

voltammeter (volt' -am-me-ter) [volt; ampere]. An 
instrument for estimating both volts and amperes. 

voltmeter (volt'-me-ter) [see voltameter]. An instru- 
ment for measuring the voltage of an electric current. 

Voltolini's disease (v6l-to-le'-ne) [Frederic Edward 
Rudolph Voltolini, German otologist and laryngolo- 
gist, 1819-1889]. Primary labyrinthitis: an affection 
of childhood, characterized by meningitic symptoms, 
followed by deafness, deaf-mutism, and a staggering 
gait. 

Voltolini-Heryng's sign. See Heryng's sign. 

volume (vol'-um). In physics, the space which a 
substance fills. Cubic dimension, v. index (of blood 
cells), the average size of the red cells of an individual 
as compared with their normal size, v., specific, 
the molecular weight divided by the specific gravity. 

volumetric (vol-u-met'-rik) [volume; fierpov, a 
measure]. Pertaining to measurement by volume, 
v. analysis. See analysis, volumetric. 

volumometer (vol-u-mom'-e-ler) [see volumetric]. 
An apparatus used for the purpose of measuring 
changes in volume. 

voluntary (vol' -un-ta-r e) [voluntas, will]. Under 
the control of the will; performed by an exercise 
of the will. v. muscle, striped muscle. 

voluntomotory (vol-un-to-mo'-to-re) [voluntary; mo- 
tor]. Pertaining to voluntary motion. 



volute (vo-lut') [voluta, a spiral scroll]. Rolled 
up like a scroll; convoluted. 

volution (vol-u'-shun) [voluta, a spiral scroll]. 
A convolution; a gyrus. 

volvulus (vol'-vil-lus) [volvere, to roll]. A twisting 
of the bowel upon itself so as to occlude the lumen, 
occurring most frequently in the sigmoid flexure. 

vomer (vo'-mer) [L., a plowshare]. The thin 
plate of bone situated vertically between the nasal 
fossa?, and forming the posterior portion of the 
septum of the nose, v., cartilaginous, a cartilaginous 
plate that forms the anterior portion of the septum 
of the nose. 

vomerine (vo'-mer-in) [vomer]. Pertaining to the 
vomer. 

vomerobasilar (vo-mer-o-bas'-il-ar). Relating to 
the vomer and to the basal part of the cranium. 

vomica (vom'-ik-ah) [vomica, an ulcer: pi., vomica], 

1. A cavity formed by the breaking down of tissue; 
especially a cavity in the lung. 2. [vomer e, to 
vomit]. A collection of pus in the lungs or adjacent 
organs that may discharge through the bronchi 
and mouth, v. laryngis, perichrondritis of the larynx. 

vomicose (vom'-ik-os) [vomica]. Purulent; ulcera- 
tive. 

vomit (vom'-it) [vomere, to vomit]. 1. To expel 
from the stomach by vomiting. 2. Vomited matter, 
v., bilious, vomit stained with bile, v., black, the 
characteristic vomit of yellow fever, a dark fluid 
consisting of blood and the contents of the stomach, 
v., coffee-ground, vomit consisting of broken-down 
blood and the contents of the stomach ; it is frequently 
seen in carcinoma of the stomach. 

vomiting (vom'-it-ing) [vomit]. The forcible ejec- 
tion of the contents of the stomach through the 
mouth, v., cyclic, vomiting recurring at regular 
periods, v., dry, persistent nausea with attempts 
at vomiting, but with the ejection of nothing but 
gas. v., pernicious, a variety of vomiting occasionally 
seen in pregnancy and becoming at times so exces- 
sive as to threaten life, v., stercoraceous, the ejec- 
tion of fecal matter in the vomit, usually due to 
intestinal obstruction. 

vomito negro (vo-me'-to na'-gro) [Sp.]. Black 
vomit. Yellow fever. 

vomitory (vom'-it-or-e) [vomit], 1. Any agent that 
induces emesis. 2. A vessel to receive ejecta. 

vomiturition (vom-it-u-rish'-un) [vomit]. Ineffec- 
tual attempt at vomiting; retching. 

vomitus (vom'-it-us) [vomit], 1. Vomited matter. 

2. The act of vomiting, v. cruentus, bloody vomit, 
v. marinus, seasickness, v. matutinus, morning 
sickness, v. niger, black vomit. 

von. For names with this prefix see the name 
itself. 

vonulo (von'-u-lo). A bronchial disease seen in 
West Africa. 

voracious (vor-a'-shus) [vorare, to devour]. Having 
an insatiable appetite or desire for food. 

vortex (vor'-teks) [vortex, whirl: pi., vortices], A 
structure having the appearance of being produced 
by a rotary motion about an axis. v. of the heart, 
a name applied to the spiral arrangement of the 
muscular fibres of the walls of the heart. 

vorticose (vor' -tik-os) [vortex]. Whirling, v. veins. 
See vena vorticosa. 

vox (voks) [L.]. The voice, v. abscissa, loss of 
voice, v. capitis, the upper register of the voice; 
falsetto voice, v. cholerica, a peculiar faint voice 
noted in the last stage of cholera, v. rauca, hoarse 
voice. 

voyeur (vwoy'-er) [Fr. voir, to see]. One who 
indulges a desire to witness sexual intercourse. 

V. S. Abbreviation for volumetric solution. 

vuerometer (vu-er-om' -et-er) [Fr. vue, sight; ukrpov, 
a measure]. An apparatus for determining the 
distance of the eyes from each other. 

vulcanite (vul'-kan-it) [Vulcan, the god of fire]. 
Vulcanized caoutchouc. 

vulcanize (vul'-kan-tz) [see vulcanite]. To subject 
rubber to the process of vulcanization, a process 
wherein it is treated with sulphur at a high tempera- 
ture, and thereby rendered either flexible or very 
hard (vulcanite). 

yulneral (vul'-ner-aV) [vulnus, a wound]. A pro- 
prietary salve for wounds and ulcers. 

vulnerary (vul'-ner-a-re) [vulnus, a wound]. 1. Per- 
taining to wounds; healing wounds. 2. An agent 
useful in healing wounds. 

vulnus (vul'-nus) [L.]. A wound. 



VULPIAN'S TYPE 



944 



VUTRIN 



Vulpian's type of progressive muscular atrophy. 
See Aran-Duckenne' s disease. 

Vulpian-Prevost's law. See Prevost's symptom. 

vulsella, vulsellum (vul-sel'-ah, vul-sel'-um). See 
volsella. 

vultus (vul'-tus) [L.J. The face, countenance, or 
looks. 

vulva (vul'-vah) [volvere, to roll up]. The external 
organs of generation in the woman, v. cerebri, 
the anterior opening of the third ventricle of the 
brain, v. connivens, a form of vulva in which the 
labia majora are in close apposition, v., garrulity of, 
vaginal flatus, v. hians, the form of vulva in which 
the labia majora are gaping. 

vulval, vulvar (vul'-val, vul'-var) [vulva]. Pertain- 
ing to the vulva. 



vulvismus (vul-viz'-mus). See vaginismus. 

vulvitis (vul-vi'-tis) [vubva; ins, inflammation]. 
Inflammation of the vulva. 

vulvo- {vul-vo-) [vulva]. A prefix denoting pertain- 
ing to the vulva. 

vulvouterine (vul-vo-u'-ter-in). Relating to the 
vulva and the uterus considered together. 

vulvovaginal (vul-vo-vaj'-in-al) [vulvo-; vagina]. 
Pertaining to the vulva and the vagina, v. gland, 
a small gland situated on each side of the vulva near 
the vagina. # Syn., gland of Bartholin. 

vulvovaginitis (vul-vo-vaj-in-i'-tis) [vulvo-; vagina; 
ins, inflammation]. Inflammation of the vulva 
and of the vagina existing at the same time. 

vutrin (vii'-trin). A concentrated powdered meat- 
extract. 



w 



W. The chemical symbol of tungsten (wolframium) . 

wabain (wah'-bah-in). A glucoside of waba, the 
root of Carissa schimperi; a cardiac stimulant and 
local anesthetic. 

wabran (wah'-bran). Plantago. 

Wachendorff's membrane (vah' -ken-dor ■/) [Eber- 
hard Jacob von Wachendorff, Dutch anatomist, 18th 
century], i. The pupillary membrane which covers 
the pupil during fetal life. 2. Cell membrane. 

Wachsmuth's mixture {vahks' -moot) [Hans Wachs- 
tnuth, German neurologist, 1872- ]. An anes- 
thetic mixture of oil of turpentine 1 part, chloroform 
5 parts. # 

wadding (wod'-ing). Common name for cotton 
wool or carded cotton in sheets. 

waddle (wod'-l). To sway or rock from side to 
side in walking. 

Wade's balsam. A compound tincture of benzoin. 
W.'s drops. Same as W.'s balsam. W.'s supposi- 
tories, urethral suppositories containing iodoform 
bismuth subnitrate, chloral and morphine. 

wafer (wa'-fer). A thin layer composed of mois- 
tened flour, and used to inclose powders that are taken 
internally. 

Wagner's corpuscles (vahg'-ner) [Rudolf Wagner, 
German physiologist, 1805-1864]. See Meissner's 
corpuscles. W.'s spot, the germinal spot of the 
germinal vesicle. W.'s tactile corpuscles. Same as 
W.'s corpuscles. 

Wagner's migration theory (vahg'-ner) [Moritz 
Wagner, German scientist, 1813-1887]. That new 
species of animals arise through the accommodation 
to surroundings of animals which have migrated or 
been transported. 

Wagstaffe's fracture (wag' -staff) [William Warwick 
Wagstaffe, English surgeon, 1843-1910]. Separation 
of the internal malleolus. 

(von) Wahl's sign (vahl) [Eduard von Wahl, 
German surgeon, 1 833-1 890]. 1. Distention of the 
bowel (local meteorism) above the point at which 
there exists an obstruction. 2. A scraping or blowing 
sound, synchronous with the cardiac impulse, heard 
over an arterial trunk immediately after the partial 
division, through injury, of the vessel. 

wahoo (wah-hoo') . See Euonymus. 

waist. The narrowest portion of the trunk above 
the hips. 

waistcoat, strait. See jacket, strait. 

wakamba (wak-am'-bah). A vegetable arrow poi- 
son, used in Zanzibar. 

Walcher's position (vahl'-ker) [Gustav Adolf 
Walcher, German obstetrician, 1856- ]. A 
dorsal posture with the hips at the edge of the table 
and lower extremities hanging. 

Walcheren fever (vahl'-tsher-en) [ Walcher en, in the 
Netherlands]. A severe type of malarial fever. 

Waldenburg's apparatus (vahl' -den-boor g) [Louis 
Waldenburg, German physician, 1837-1881]. An 
apparatus constructed on the principle of a gaso- 
meter, and used for compressing or rarefying air, 
which is inhaled, or into which the patient exhales. 

Waldeyer's fossa (vahl'-di-er) [Heinrich Wilhelm 
Gottfried Waldeyer, German anatomist, 1836- ]. 
Mesentericoparietal fossa. See Broesike's fossa. 
W.'s germinal epithelium, the single layer of columnar 
epithelial cells covering the free surface of the ovary. 
W.'s glands, modified sudoriparous glands, located 
at the attached border of the tarsal plates of the 
eyelids. W.'s plasma-cells. See cells, plasma- (2). 
W.'s sulcus, the sulcus spiralis of the cochlea. W.'s 
tonsillar ring, the ring formed by the two faucial 
tonsils, the pharyngeal tonsil, and smaller groups of 
adenoid follicles at the base of the tongue and 
behind the posterior pillars of the fauces. W.'s 
vascular layer, the internal or vascular layer of the 
ovary. W.'s zonal layer, Lissauer's tract. 

wale. See wheal. 

Walker-Gordon milk. A form of modified milk, 



prepared separately and specially for each case 
according to the prescription of a physician, and put 
up by a firm of this name. 

walking typhoid. A mild grade of typhoid fever. 

wall-diseases. Those due to the presence of 
saltpeter by the penetration into the body of the 
walls of houses of the bacilli of nitrification, making 
the houses cold and unwholesome, especially in damp 
localities. 

Waller's law. See Wallerian law. 

Wallerian degeneration (wol-le'-re-an) [Augustus 
Volney Waller, English physiologist, 1816-1870]. 
Degeneration of a nerve consecutive upon its section, 
the process consisting essentially in segmentation 
of the myelin and subsequent disappearance of the 
latter, together with the axis-cylinder. W. law, 
a nerve-fiber undergoes degenerative changes when 
it is separated from its trophic cells. 

wall-eye. A colloquial name for leukoma of the 
cornea or for divergent strabismus. 

wall-teeth. Molar teeth. 

walnut. See juglans. 

Walter's ganglion. See Walther's ganglion. 

Walther's arteriosonervous plexus (vahl'-ter) 
[August Friedrich Walther, German anatomist, 
1688-1746]. The cavernous plexus. W.'s ducts, 
the ducts of the accessory sublingual glands. W.'s 
ganglion, the ganglion impar or coccygeal ganglion. 
W.'s oblique ligament, the ligamentous band ex- 
tending from the external malleolus inward to the 
posterior surface of the astragalus. 

wambles (worn' -bis). Milk-sickness. 

wandering (wan'-der-ing). 1. Moving about, as 
wandering cells. 2. Abnormally movable, as wander- 
ing spleen, w. abscess, one that points at a con- 
siderable distance from its real seat. w. cell, a 
leukocyte. 

wang [ME., wange, cheek]. 1. The jaw, jaw-bone, 
or cheek-bone. 2. A cheek-tooth or grinder, w.- 
tooth, a cheek-tooth; a grinder or molar. 

waras. See warras. 

Warburg's tincture. An antiperiodic and diaphor- 
etic mixture used in pernicious forms of malaria, 
consisting of: Aqueous extract of aloes, 28 gr.; 
rhubarb and angelica seed, each, 448 gr. ; elecampane, 
saffron, and fennel, each, 224 gr. ; gentian, zedoary 
root, cubeb, white agaric, camphor, and myrrh, 
each, 112 gr. ; quinine sulphate, 1280 gr.; dilute 
alcohol, sufficient to make 8 pints. As originally 
made, it contained over 60 ingredients many of 
which are now unobtainable. 

ward. A division or room of a hospital, w.- 
carriage, an apparatus on wheels for holding surgical 
material, instruments, etc. 

Ward's paste. Confection of black pepper. 

Wardrop's disease [James Wardrop, English 
surgeon, 1782-1869]. Onychia maligna. W.'s oper- 
ation, ligation of an artery beyond an aneurism. 

warehouseman's itch. Palmar eczema occurring 
among the workmen in warehouses. 

war fever. A synonym of typhus fever. 

Waring's system [George Edward Waring, Ameri- 
can sanitary engineer, 1833-1898]. A system of 
sewage disposal by means of sub-surface irrigation. 
It should be called "Moule's System," because 
originated by the late Rev. Henry Moule, an 
English clergyman, of the last century. 

warm-blooded. A term applied to animals that 
maintain a uniform temperature whatever the 
changes in the surrounding medium. 

warming plaster. See plaster, warming. 

warras (war'-as) [Ind.]. A variety of kamala 
said to be obtained from Flemingia grahamiana, a 
leguminous tree of India; it is a teniafuge and useful 
in skin diseases, also used as a dye. Dose of powder 
3 jss-v; of tincture 5 j. 

Warren's fat-columns (war'-en) [John Collins 
Warren, Boston surgeon, 1778-1856]. Slender 



WARREN'S STYPTIC 



946 



WEBER'S GLANDS 



columns of fatty tissue passing from the subcutaneous 
adipose tissue to the base of the hair-follicles. They 
are well developed over the dorsum of the body, 
particularly near the median line. 

Warren's styptic. The lotto adstringens (N. F.). 
W.'s test, Trommer's test. 

wart [AS., wearte]. A hyperplasia of the papilla? 
of the skin, forming a small projection. See verruca. 
w., anatomical, w., postmortem. See tubercle, ana- 
tomical, w., Peruvian. See verruca peruana, w., 
venereal, condyloma acuminatum. 

Warthin's sign. Accentuation of the pulmonary 
sound in acute pericarditis. 

warty. Resembling a wart; covered with warts. 
w. smallpox, hornpox, a name given to those cases 
of smallpox in which the eruption does not develop 
beyond the papular stage, w. tubercle. See verruca 
necrogenica. w. ulcer. See Marjolin's ulcer. 

wash. See lotion, w., black, ,lotio hydrargyri 
nigra; mild mercuric chloride in water and lime- 
water, w., eye, collyrium. w., yellow, lotio hydrar- 
gyri flava, mercuric chloride in lime-water. 

washerwoman's itch. Eczema of the hands. 

washing soda. Sodium carbonate, Na2CC>3. 

washleather-skin. A condition of the skin in 
which certain metals, especially silver, mark it with 
a black line. 

Wasmann's glands. The peptic glands. 

Wassermann's syphilis test (vas'-er-mahn) [August 
Wassermann, German bacteriologist, 1866- ]. 
1. Complement. One to 10 dilution of fresh guinea- 
pig serum in normal (.85 %) salt solution. 2. Anti- 
gen. Alcoholic extract of a syphilitic organ or 
suspension of an organ in weak carbolic acid solution 
(1 %) — amount determined by standardization. 
3. Amboceptor. Inactivated serum of rabbit which 
has been highly immunized against sheep red-cell 
by five or six injections of increasing amounts of 
sheep red-cells. The amboceptor is standardized 
by putting in each of a series of test-tubes 1 Cc. 
of complement and 1 Cc. of 5 % emulsion of sheep 
red-cells. Different amounts of the inactivated 
rabbit serum are added to the tubes, beginning with 
0.01 Cc. to 0.1 Cc. The tubes are then incubated 
one hour. That in which complete hemolysis occurs 
contains just enough amboceptor to dissolve 1 Cc. of 
5 % emulsion of sheep red-cells. Double this quan- 
tity is the amboceptor to be used. Suspected serum 
to be examined is drawn from a superficial vein with 
a glass syringe under strict aseptic precautions, 
5 to 10 Cc. of blood being desirable, but 1 to 2 Cc. 
suffices. Clear in a centrifuge, then inactivate by 
heat for thirty minutes at 56° C. Will keep in ice- 
box for weeks. Test. — Put 1 Cc. of complement, 
2 drops of suspected serum, about 0.1 Cc. of antigen 
in test-tube and incubate one hour at 37 ° C. Then 
add the amount of amboceptor, determined by stand- 
ardization, and 1 Cc. of 5 % emulsion of sheep's 
red-cells suspended in normal salt solution and incu- 
bate again for one hour. Then place in ice-box for 
six hours. Complete hemolysis is indicated by a clear, 
burgundy-red solution, showing no precipitate. No 
hemolysis, by a solid opaque sediment of the un- 
affected sheep cells at the bottom of the tube, while 
the supernatant fluid is clear and colorless. Result: 
Hemolysis, no syphilis; syphilis, no hemolysis. The 
control test is the same except that the antigen is 
omitted. 

waster (wast'-er). 1. A child suffering from 
marasmus. 2. An animal affected with tuberculosis. 

wasting palsy. See progressive muscular atrophy. 

watchmaker's cramp. 1. An occupation neurosis, 
characterized by painful cramps of the muscles of 
the hands. 2. Also spasm of the orbicularis palpe- 
brarum muscle, due to holding the lens. 

water (waw'-ter). 1. Hydrogen monoxide, H2O. 
Boils at 212 F. (ioo° C), and freezes at 32 F. 
(o° C). See ammonia-aqua, chlorine-water, etc. 2. 
Euphemism for urine, w.-bag, a rubber bag contain- 
ing hot or cold water for topical application, w.-bed. 
See bed, water-, w.-borne, produced by contaminated 
drinking-water, w. on the brain, hydrocephalus, w.- 
brash. See pyrosis, w.-cancer, noma, w.-canker, 
noma, w.-cress, the plant Nasturtium officinale, w. of 
crystallization, the water contained in certain crystals, 
to which their crystalline structure is due. w.-cure. 
See hydrotherapeutics. w.-dressing, treatment of 
ulcers or wounds by the topical application of water. 
w.-glass, a solution of sodium or potassium silicate. 
w.-hammer pulse. See Corrigan's pulse, w., hard, 



water containing soluble calcium salts and not 
readily forming a lather with soap. w. of hydration. 
Same as w. of crystallization, w., Javelle, a solution 
of potassium hypochlorite, KCIO. w., mineral, a 
natural water containing mineral substances in 
solution, w. of Pagliari, a preparation employed in 
France as a hemostatic, consisting of crystallized 
alum, 15 gr.; gum benzoin, 75 gr.j distilled water, 
3 oz. w.-pox, chicken pox. w.-whistling, a metallic 
rale heard in pneumothorax. 

water-gurgle test. The swallowing of water 
causes a gurgling sound heard on auscultation, in 
cases of stricture of the esophagus. 

waters. The liquor amnii. bag of w., the am- 
nion, w., false, a discharge of fluid before labor. 

watery eye. Epiphora. 

watt (wot) [James Watt, Scotch engineer, 1736- 
1819]. See volt-ampere. 

wattmeter. An instrument for measuring elec- 
trical power or activity in watts. 

wave (wav) [AS., wafian, to waver in mind]. 1. A 
movement in a body which is propagated with a 
continuous motion, each particle of the body vibrat- 
ing through a fixed path, usually a closed curve. 
2. One of the curves in a series of curves representing 
a wave-like motion, w.-length, the distance be- 
tween corresponding points, usually the crests, of 
two adjacent waves, w., tidal, in the sphygmogram, 
the wave succeeding the percussion wave, and due to 
the volume of blood poured out from the heart reach- 
ing the arteries. 

wavy respiration. Cog-wheel respiration, a type 
of breathing in which inspiration or expiration is 
jerky and interrupted. » 

wax (waks). See cera. 

waxing (waks'-ing) [ME., waxen, to increase]. 
Increasing in size, w.-kernels, enlarged inguinal and 
submaxillary lymph-glands in children. 

waxy cast (waks'-e). A tube-cast composed of 
amyloid or similar material, w. degeneration, amyl- 
oid degeneration, w. kidney, w. liver, amyloid 
kidney or liver. 

weak. Not strong, w. ankle, a condition in 
which there is an abnormal relaxation of the liga- 
ments of the ankle-joint, with such weakness of the 
leg-muscles as may allow the foot to bend involun- 
tarily, either inward or outward, in the act of standing 
or walking. It is common in feeble children, w.- 
minded, having a feeble intellect, w. sight, asthen- 
opia. 

weaken. To reduce the strength, 

weakness. Loss of strength, w., inward, leukor- 
rhea. 

wean (wen). To cease to give suck to offspring 
at a period when the latter is capable of taking 
substantial food from external sources. 

weaning-brash. Severe infantile diarrhea due to 
weaning. 

weasand (we'-zand). The trachea. 

weavers' bottom. A chronic inflammation of 
the bursa over the tuberosity of the ischium, due to 
pressure. 

web. A woven fabric; a membrane-like structure; 
tela. The thin, soft tissue between any two adjacent 
fingers or toes, distal to the knuckles, w. of the 
brain, the bindweb, or neuroglia, w., choroid, the 
velum interpositum. w.-eye. See pterygium, w.- 
eyed, affected with pterygium, w.-fingered, having 
the fingers united by web-like tissue, w.-foot, a 
foot whose toes are webbed, w.-footed, having web- 
feet, w.-footedness, web-foot, w.-toed, web-footed. 

webbed fingers, w. toes. Union of adjacent 
fingers or toes by a thin band of tissue, w. penis. 
See penis palmatus. 

weber (web'-er) [Wilhelm Weber, German physicist, 
1804-1891]. 1. Same as coulomb. 2. Same as 
ampere. 

Weber's glands (va'-ber) [Ernst Heinrich Weber, 
German anatomist, 1795-1878]. Racemose glands 
situated in the posterior portion of the tongue and 
opening by several orifices on its border. W.'s law, 
the increase of stimulus necessary to produce the 
smallest perceptible change in a sensation is propor- 
tionate to the strength of the stimulus already acting. 
W.'s orbicular zone, that portion of the iliofemoral 
ligament which forms a loop around the neck of the 
femur. W.'s organ, W.'s vesicle, the sinus pocularis 
of the male urethra. W.'s paradox, a muscle when 
so loaded as to be unable to contract may elongate. 
W.'s pouch, the prostatic vesicle. W.'s suture, a 



WEBSTER'S CONDENSER 



947 



WEIGHT 



fine groove or suture on the inner surface of the 
nasal process of the superior maxilla. W.'s symptom, 
W.'s syndrome, paralysis of the motor oculi nerve on 
the side of the lesion and of the facial and hypoglossal 
nerves and extremities on the opposite side; it corre- 
sponds anatomically to a lesion in the pedunculo- 
pontine or upper pontine region. W.'s test [Fried- 
rich Eugen Weber, German otologist, 1832-1891]. 

1. When a vibrating tuning-fork is placed upon the 
vertex or the middle of the forehead, the sound is 
perceived equally by both ears. If it is heard only 
in one ear, a lesion exists in this. 2. For sensation: 
Determination of the smallest distance at which 
the two points of a pair of compasses, applied simul- 
taneously and lightly to the skin, can be recognized 
as two separate objects. W.'s test for indican in 
urine, heat to boiling 30 Cc. of the urine with an equal 
volume of hydrochloric acid and 1 to 3 drops of dilute 
nitric acid; when cold, shake the solution with 
ether. The ether will assume a red or violet color 
with a blue foam on it. 

Webster's condenser. In microscopy, an apparatus 
consisting of two lenses, used for intensifying the 
light thrown on the object. W.'s (Lady) pill, a pill 
of aloes and mastic. 

wedge (wej). An instrument used by dentists to 
separate adjoining teeth, w.-bone, an ossicle some- 
times found at a vertebral joint. 

Wedl's vesicular cells. Commonly found in the 
crystalline lens in cases of cataract, especially the 
senile and diabetic varieties. 

weed. 1. Milk fever. 2. Lymphangitis in legs 
of a horse. 

Weeks' bacillus. Koch-Weeks bacillus of acute 
conjunctivitis. 

weeping. 1. Lacrymation. 2. Exudation or leak- 
age of a fluid. Exuding; applied to raw or excoriated 
surfaces bathed with a moist discharge, w. eczema, 
moist eczema. < w. sinew. See ganglion (2). 

Wegner's disease of bone (veg'-ner) [Fridericus 
Rudolphus Georgius Wegner, German pathologist, 
1843- ]. Epiphyseal osteochondritis affecting 
infants with hereditary syphilis. W.'s line, an 
angular line separating the epiphyses and diaphysis 
of the long bones, in certain diseased condition of the 
fetus, such as syphilis. W.'s sign, in fetal syphilis 
the dividing-line between the epiphysis and diaphysis 
of long bones, which under normal conditions is 
delicate and rectilinear, appears as a broad, irregular, 
yellowish line. 

Weichselbaum's coccus (vikh'-sel-bowm) [Anton 
Weichselbautn, Austrian pathologist, 1845- ]. 
The Diplocococcus intracellular is meningitidis. 

Weidel's reaction (vi'-del). 1. for xanthin bodies. 
Evaporate to dryness on the water-bath a little 
of the substance dissolved in fresh chlorine-water 
containing nitric acid. Treat the residue to ammonia 
vapors under a bell- jar, and a red or violet coloration 
will be produced in the presence of xanthin bodies. 

2. for uric acid. See murexide test. 

Weigert's fibrin-stain (vi'-gert) [Karl Weigert, 
German pathologist, 1843-1905]. A stain for fibrin, 
consisting in the application of a solution of gentian- 
violet, then one of iodine in potassium iodide, fol- 
lowed by one of anilin oil and xylol. Fibrin is stained 
blue. W.'s law, loss of elements or parts in organic 
structures is likely to be followed by overcompensa- 
tion in the reparative process. W.'s method. 1. A 
method of staining the myelin of nerve-fibers with 
hematoxylin. 2. A method of staining the neuroglia 
according to a modified Weigert's fibrin-method, 
after the tissue has been fixed in formalin, subjected to 
a mordant of copper acetate, acetic acid, and chrome- 
alum, and a reducing agent composed of potassium 
permanganate and a solution of sodium sulphite 
containing a chromogen derived from naphthalin. 

weight (wat). The force with which bodies tend 
to approach the earth's center, w., atomic. See 
atomic weight, w.s and measures, the U. S. standard 
unit of weight is the troy pound; the standard unit of 

TABLE OF WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. 

TROY WEIGHT. 

1 pound = 22.816 cubic inches of distilled water at 

62 F. 



AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT. 
1 pound = 1. 2 1 53 pounds troy. 
Grains. Drams. Ounces. Pound. 

gr. 27.34375 = dr. 1 

437-5 = 16 = oz. 1 

7000 = 256 = 16 = lb. 1 

APOTHECARIES' WEIGHT. 
Grains. Scruples. Drams. Troy Ounces. Pound. 

gr. 20 = 1 

60 = 3 = 5 1 
480 = 24 = 8 = 5 1 

5760 = 288 = 96 = 12 = lb. 1 

APOTHECARIES' MEASURE. 
Minims. Fluidrams. Fluidounces. Pints. Gallon. 
itr 60 = f3 1 

480 = 8 = f5 1 

7,680 = 128 = 16 = O. 1 

61,440 = 1024 == 128 = 8 = C. I 

IMPERIAL MEASURE. 
Minims. Fluidrams. Fluidounces. Pints. Gallon. 
60 = 1 

480 = 8=1 

9,600 = 160 = 20 = 1 
76,800 = 1280 = 160 = 8 = 1 

LIQUID OR WINE MEASURE. 

1 gill = 7.2187 cubic inches. 
Hogs- 
Gills. Pints. Quarts. Gallons, heads. Pipes. Tun. 
4 = 1 
8 = 2 = 1 
32 = 8 - 4=1 
2016 = 504 = 252 = 63 = 1 
4032 = 1008 = 504 = 126 =2 = 1 
8064 = 2016 = 1008 = 252 =4=2=1 

DRY MEASURE. 
1 gallon = 268.8 cubic inches. 
Pints. Quarts. Gallons. Pecks. Bushels. Quarter. 
2 = 1 
8 = 4=1 
16 = 8=2=1 
64= 32= 8= 4 = 1 
512 = 256 = 64 = 32 = 8 = I 

SOLID MEASURE. 
Cubic Inches. Cubic Feet. Cubic Yard. 
1,728 = 1 = 

46,656 = 27 1 

LINEAR MEASURE. 

Fur- 
Inches. Feet. Yards. Fathoms. Perches, longs. Mile. 
12 = 1 
36 = 3 = 1 
72 = 6 = 2 = 1 
198 = 16.5 = 5-5 = 2.75 = 1 
7,920 = 660 = 220 =110 = 40 = 1 
63.360 = 5280 = 1760 = 880 = 320 =8=1 

SQUARE MEASURE. 



Square 

Yards. Perches. Roods. Acre. 



Grains. 


Dwt. 


Ounce. 


Pound. 


24 

480 

5760 


= 1 
= 20 
= 240 


= 1 
= 12 


= 1 



Square Square 
Inches. Feet. 

144 = 1 

1,296 = 9 = 1 

39.204 = 272.25 = 30.25 = 1 

1,568,160 = 10,890 = 1210 = 40 = 1 

6,272,640 = 43,560 = 4840 = 160 =4=1 

METRIC WEIGHTS. 
1 gram = 1 cubic centimeter of distilled water at 
62 F. 
Gram. Troy Gr. Avoir. Oz. 

.001 = .01543 
.01 = .15432 
.1 = 1.54323 
1. = 15.43235 = .03528 
10. = = .3528 

100. = = 3.52758 

1,000. = = 35.2758 

10,000. = 



Milligram = 
Centigram = 
Decigram = 
Gram = 

Decagram = 
Hectogram = 
Kilogram = 
Myriogram = 
Quintal = 100,000. 

Tonneau = 1,000,000. 



WEIGHT 



948 



WEIGHT 



COMPARATIVE VALUES OF APOTHECARIES' 
AND METRIC LIQUID MEASURES. 



COMPARATIVE VALUES OF METRIC LIQUID 
AND APOTHECARIES' MEASURES. 









<A 


<o 




<o 


05 




fc 


<o 


b 


v> 


fe 


5i 


fe 


J? 




§ 




8 




s 
a 



.»$ 


s 


^>1 


8 

3 


-0 8 


^3 

a 


?! 


a s 
^1 




o 




O 


&s 





SI 


O 


I 


0.06 


25 


1-54 


I 


30.00 


21 


621.00 


2 


0.12 


30 


1.90 


2 


59-20 


22 


650.00 


3 


0.18 


35 


2.l6 


3 


89.00 


23 


680.00 


4 


0.24 


40 


2.50 


4 


118.40 


24 


710.00 


5 


0.30 


45 


2.80 


S 


148.00 


25 


740.00 


6 


0.36 


50 


3.08 


6 


178.00 


26 


769.00 


7 


0.42 


55 


3-40 


7 


207.00 


27 


798.50 


8 


0.50 






8 


236.00 


28 


828.00 





0.5.S 


Fluid- 




9 


266.00 


29 


858.00 


10 


0.60 


rams. 




10 


295.70 


30 


887.25 


ii 


0.68 


1 


3-75 


II 


325.25 


31 


917.00 


12 


0.74 


it 


4-65 


12 


355.00 


32 


946.00 


13 


0.80 


ii 


5-6o 


13 


385.00 


48 


1419.00 


14 


0.85 


if 


O.51 


14 


414.00 


56 


1655.00 


15 


0.92 


2 


7-50 


IS 


444.00 


64 


1892.00 


16 


1. 00 


3 


11.25 


lb 


473.11 


72 


2128.00 


17 


1. os 


4 


15.00 


17 


503.00 


80 


2365.00 


18 


1. 12 


5 


18.50 


18 


532.00 


96 


2839.00 


19 


1. 17 


6 


22.50 


19 


562.00 


112 


3312.00 


20 


1.25 


7 


26.00 


20 


591.50 


128 


3785.00 



COMPARATIVE VALUES OF STANDARD AND 
METRIC MEASURES OF LENGTH. 







<J 










■ * 


8 


8 JS 

^8 


•5 

8 


OS 


-a 

8 


SI 


-a 

8 


^1 


12 


30.48 


6 


15.24 


55 


1. 00 


« 


15.85 


II 


27.94 


5 


12.70 


^ 


2. II 


! 


l6.92 


10 


25.40 


4 


10.16 


\ 


3-17 


19.05 


9 


22.86 


3 


7.62 


6.35 




21.15 


8 


20.32 


2 


5.08 


4 


8.46 


22.19 


7 


17.78 


I 


2.54 


2 


12.70 


ti 


23.28 



« * 


>» 




<0 




<4 


fe 






8 
8 

1 


*"8 


8 






§ 


°1 


O-g 


O 

a 


31 

^8 


1 

a 


■si 


8 


O 


S 


O 


5 


O 


fc. 







1000 


33.81 


400 


13.53 


25 


6.76 


4 


64.8 


900 


30.43 


300 


10.14 


10 


2.71 


3 


48.6 


800 


27.05 


200 


6.76 


9 


2.43 


2 


32.4 


700 


23.67 


100 


3.38 


8 


2.16 


1 


16.23 


600 


20.29 


75 


2.53 


7 


1.89 


O.09 


I.46 


Soo 


16.90 


50 


1.69 


6 


1.62 


O.07 


1. 14 


473 


16.OO 


30 


I.OI 


5 


1-35 


0.05 


0.8l 



COMPARATIVE VALUES OF AVOIRDUPOIS 
AND METRIC WEIGHTS. 





s 


^ 


to 


5 


ci 

s 


» s 


<3 


» S 


«3 




Q 


^ a 


$ 


rr< a 


$ 


S 


A 


1.772 


8 


226.80 


2 


907.18 


i 


3-544 


9 


255.1s 


2.2 


1000.00 


i 


7.088 


10 


283.50 


3 


1360.78 


* 


14.175 


11 


311.84 


4 


1814.37 


1 


28.350 


12 


340.20 


5 


2267.96 


2 


56.700 


13 


368.54 


6 


2727.5s 


3 


85.050 


14 


396.90 


7 


3175.14 


4 


113.400 


IS 


425.25 


8 


3628.74 


5 


141.7SO 


Avoir. 




9 


4082.33 


6 


170.100 


Pounds. 




10 


4535.92 


7 


198.450 


1 


453.60 







For Comparative Thermometry, see thermometers. 



Milliliter 

Centiliter 

Deciliter 

Liter 

Decaliter 

Hectoliter 

Kiloliter 



METRIC DRY AND LIQUID MEASURE 
Liter. U. S. Cu. In. ' 
= .001 = .061 



= 1,000. 



Myrialiter = 10,000. 



.61 = 

= 6.1 

= 61.02 = 

= 610.16 = 
U. S. Cu. Ft. 
= 3.531 = 



= 353-1 



f Liquid 
IDry 
f Liquid 
IDry 
f Liquid 
IDry 
f Liquid 
IDry 
J Liquid 
IDry 
f Liquid 
IDry 
J Liquid 
1 Dry 



.00845 
.0018 
.0845 
.018 
.845 
.18 
1.057 
.908 
2.641 
9.08 
26.414 
2.837 
264.141 
28.374 



Liquid 2641.4 
Dry 283.7 



U.S. 

gill. 

pint. 

gill. 

pint. 

gill. 

pint. 

quarts. 

quart. 

gallons. 

quarts. 

gallons. 

bushels. 

gallons. 

bushels. 

gallons. 

bushels. 



METRIC LINEAR MEASURE. 



Millimeter* 

Centimeter f 

Decimeter 

Meter 

Decameter 

Hectometer 

Kilometer 

Myriameter 



U. S. Inches. 
= -03937 = 
= -3937 = 
= 3-937 
= 39.3685 - 



Meter. 
.001 
•Pi 
.1 
I. 

10. = 

100. = = 

1,000. = == 

10,000. = = 

* Nearly 5 V of an inch. 



Feet. 
.00328 
.03280 
.32807 
3-2807 
32.807 
328.07 
3,280.7 
32,807. 



Yards. 



= .10936 

= 1.0936 

= 10.936 

= 109.36 
= 1,093.6 
= 10,936. 



t Full f of an inch. 



Miles. 



= .0621347 
= .621347 
= 6.213466 



Sq. Centimeter 

Sq. Decimeter 

Centiare 

Are 

Hectare 

Sq. Kilometer 

Sq. Myriameter 



Sq. Meter. 

.0001 
= .01 

1. 
100. 
= 10,000. 



METRIC SQUARE MEASURE. 
U. S. Sq. In. Sq. Ft. 



• 155 
15. 5 
1,549-88 
154,988. 



= .10763 = 

10.763 
= 1,076.3 = 

= 107,630. = 

.38607 Sq. Mile = 

38.607 Sq. Miles = 



Sq. Yds. 

.01196 
1. 196 
1 19.6 
11,959- 



A ores. 



.00025 
.0247 
2.47 
247. 
24,708. 



WEIGHT 949 WEISMANN'S THEORY 

TABLE FOR CONVERTING METRIC WEIGHTS INTO TROY WEIGHTS. 





Exact 


Crams. 


Equivalents 




in Grains. 


O.OI 


0.1543 


0.02 


0.3086 


0.03 


0.4630 


0.04 


0.6173 


0.0s 


0.7717 


0.06 


0.9260 


0.07 


1.0803 


0.08 


1-2347 


0.09 


1.3890 


0.1 


1. 543 


0.2 


3.086 


0.3 


4-630 


0.4 


6.173 


0.5 


7.716 


0.6 


9-259 


0.7 


IO.803 


0.8 


12.346 


0.9 


13.889 


1.0 


15.432 


2.0 


30.865 


3-0 


46.297 


4.0 


61.729 


5.0 


77-162 


6.0 


92.594 


7.0 


108.026 


8.0 


123.459 


9.0 


138.891 


10. 


154-323 


11. 


169.756 



Approximate Equivalents in 
Troy Weights. 



Ounces. 



Drams. 



Scru- 
ples. 



Grains. 



13 
A 

a 

& 

I 

I* 
If 
I* 

3 

4t 
6i 
7f 
9i 
iof 

I2| 

14 
155 
1 of 

6 A 

I7l 

I2f 

8 
3i 

14! 
9! 



Grams. 



12.0 
13.0 
14.0 
15.0 
16.0 
17.0 
18.0 
19.0 
20.0 
21.0 
22.0 
23.0 
24.0 
25.0 
26.0 
27.0 
28.0 
29.0 
30.0 
31.0 
32.0 
40.0 
45.0 
50.0 
60.0 
70.0 
80.0 
90.0 
100. 



Exact 
Equivalents 
in Grains. 



185.188 
200.621 
216.053 
231.485 
246.918 
262.350 
277-782 
293.215 
308.647 
324.079 
339.512 
354-944 
370.376 
385.809 
401.241 
416.673 
432.106 
447.538 
462.970 
478.403 
493.835 
617.294 
694.456 
771.617 
925.941 
1080.264 
1234.588 
1388.911 
1543.235 



Approximate Equivalents in 
Troy Weights. 



Ounces. Drams. Scru- Q ra i ns . 
pies. 



3 




3 


1 


3 


1 


3 


2 


4 




4 


1 


4 


1 


4 


2 


5 




5 


1 


5 


1 


5 


2 


6 




6 


1 


6 


2 


6 


2 


7 




7 


1 


7 


2 


7 


2 


2 




3 


1 


4 


2 


7 


1 


2 




4 


1 


7 





51 

3 

o 

16 

III 

6t% 

2\ 

I7| 

I3i 
8f 
4xV 

I9i 
5 

iof 
5# 
ii 

i6f 

12^ 

ih 
3 

i8| 
I3f 
l7 T 3 ff 
10* 

? 

i 
14* 
9 
3i 



TABLE FOR CONVERTING TROY WEIGHTS INTO METRIC WEIGHTS. 



* 




<o 




<o 




,- 


. 


CO 




CO 


,. 


<o 


* 


<A 




8 


s 


8 


s 


s 


8 


8 


8 


8 


8 


8 


§ 


8 


s 


8 


g 


a 


« 


O 


a 


a 


a 








a 





O 





O 





O 





$ 


• & 


c3 


c3 


3 


6 


6 


$ 


$ 


$ 


O 


6 


6 


$ 


$ 


$ 


& 


0.00130 


2 


0.1296 


18 


1. 166 


34 


2.203 


50 


3-234 


66 


4.276 


82 


5.313 


98 


6.350 


& 


0.00202 


3 


0.1944 


19 


1.231 


35 


2.268 


5i 


3-304 


67 


4-341 


83 


5.378 


99 


6.414 


& 


0.00324 


4 


0.2592 


20 


1.296 


36 


2.332 


52 


3.369 


68 


4.406 


84 


5.442 


100 


6.479 


& 


0.00360 


5 


0.3240 


21 


1. 361 


37 


2.397 


53 


3-434 


69 


4.471 


85 


5.507 


120 


7.776 


Vs 


0.00405 


6 


0.3888 


22 


1.426 


38 


2.462 


54 


3-499 


70 


4-535 


86 


5-572 


I50 


9-719 


T5 


0.00432 


7 


0.4536 


23 


1.490 


39 


2.527 


55 


3-564 


71 


4.600 


87 


5-637 


180 


II.664 


iV 


0.00540 


8 


0.5184 


24 


1.555 


40 


2.592 


56 


3.628 


72 


4.665 


88 


5-702 


200 


12.958 


1*1 


0.00648 


9 


0.5832 


25 


1.620 


41 


2.656 


57 


3.693 


73 


4-730 


89 


5-766 


48O 


3LI03 


ft 


0.00810 


10 


0.6480 


26 


1.685 


42 


2.721 


58 


3.758 


74 


4-795 


90 


5.831 


*500 


32.396 


* 


0.01080 


II 


0.7130 


27 


1.749 


43 


2.786 


59 


3.823 


75 


4-859 


91 


5.896 


600 


38.875 


1 


0.01296 


12 


0.7776 


28 


1. 814 


44 


2.851 


60 


3.888 


76 


4.924 


92 


5.96i 


700 


45-354 


i 


0.01620 


13 


0.8424 


29 


1.869 


45 


2.916 


61 


3.952 


77 


4.989 


93 


6.026 


800 


51.833 


3 


0.02160 


14 


0.9072 


30 


1.944 


46 


2.980 


62 


4-017 


78 


5-054 


94 


6.090 


900 


58.313 


£ 


0.03240 


15 


0.9720 


31 


2.009 


47 


3-045 


63 


4.082 


79 


5- 118 


95 


6.155 


960 


62.207 


4 


0.04860 


16 


1.037 


32 


2.073 


48 


3-HO 


64 


4.147 


80 


5.183 


96 


6.220 


1000 


64.792 


1 


0.0648 


17 


1. 102 


33 


2.138 


49 


3-175 


65 


4.211 


81 


5.248 


97 


6.285 







liquid measure is the Winchester wine gallon, con- 
taining 231 cubic inches. The imperial gallon, 
adopted by Great Britain, contains 277.274 cubic 
inches. The standard unit of the U. S. and British 
linear measure is the yard. The actual standard of 
length of the U. S. is a brass scale 82 inches long 
in the U. S. Treasury Department. The yard is 
between the twenty-seventh and the sixty-third 
inch of this scale. See tables, pages 947 to 949. 
w., equivalent, is the weight of an element which 
can combine with a unit weight of hydrogen or other 
univalent element, w., molecular. See molecular 
weight, w., specific. Same as gravity, specific. 

Weil's disease (vil) [Adolf Weil, German physician, 
1848- ]. An infectious disease somewhat re- 
sembling typhoid fever, accompanied by muscular 
pain and grave disturbance of the digestive organs. 
W.'s syndrome, unilateral hyperesthesia of the mus- 
cles, nerve-trunks, and bones, sometimes seen in 
cases of pulmonary tuberculosis. 

Weiland's test. For the determination of binocu- 
lar fixation: A vertical bar is interposed between the 
eyes and the letters to be read. 

Weill's sign (vil) [Edmond Weill, French physi- 



cian]. Absence of chest expansion in the subclavicu- 
lar region, noticed on the affected side in very severe 
lobar pneumonia. 

Weir Mitchell's disease, W. M.'s treatment. 
See under Mitchell. 

Weir's operation (wer) [Robert Fulton Weir, 
New York surgeon, 1838- ]. See appendi- 
costomy. 

Weiss' reflex (vis) [Leopold Weiss, German 
oculist, 1849- ]. A curvilinear reflex on the 
nasal side of the optic disc, regarded as a prodromal 
sign of myopia. 

Weiss' sign (vis) [Nathan Weiss, German physi- 
cian]. Contraction of the facial muscles upon light 
percussion; it is noticed in tetany, neurasthenia, 
hysteria, and exophthalmic goiter. Syn., facialis 
phenomenon. 

Weissmann's bundle (vis'-man). The aggregation 
of striped muscular fibers of a neuromuscular spindle. 

Weismann's theory of heredity (vis'-man) [August 
Friedrich Leopold Weismann, German biologist, 
1834- ]. The theory of continuity of the germ- 
plasm, and the non-inheritance of acquired char- 
acters. 



WEITBRECHT'S CARTILAGE 



950 



WHIFF 



Weitbrecht's cartilage (vit'-brekt) [Josias Weit- 
brecht, German anatomist, 1702-1747]. A fibro- 
cartilaginous lamella frequently found interposed 
between the articular surfaces of the acromioclavicular 
joint. W.'s foramen, one in the capsule of the shoul- 
der-joint, through which the synovial membrane 
communicates with the bursa lining the under 
surface of the tendon of the subscapularis muscle. 
W.'s ligament, a rounded, fibrous bundle, extending 
from the outer portion of the coronoid process to 
the inner border of the radius, above the bicipital 
tuberosity. W.'s retinacula, flat bands lying on 
the neck of the femur and formed by the deeper 
fibers of the capsular ligament, which are reflected 
upward along the neck to be attached nearer to the 
head. 

Welch's bacillus [William Henry Welch, American 
pathologist, 1850- ]. Bacillus arogenes capsu- 
litis. 

Wells' facies [Sir Thomas Spencer Wells, English 
gynecologist, 1818-1897]. The facies of ovarian 



welt. See wheal. 

Weltmerism (welt'-mer-izm) [Samuel A. Weltmer], 
A method of treatment by suggestion. 

wen. A sebaceous cyst. 

Wender's test for glucose (ven'-der) [Neumann 
Wender, Austrian chemist]. Make a solution of 1 
part methylene-blue in 3000 parts of distilled water. 
On rendering this solution alkaline with potassium 
hydroxide and heating with a glucose solution it 
becomes decolorized. 

Wenzell's test (vent'-sel) [William Theodore 
Wenzell, American physician, 1829- ]. A test 
for strychnine. One part of potassium perman- 
ganate in 2,000 of sulphuric acid is added to the 
suspected fluid; a color reaction is given if strychnine 
is present. 

Wenz's method. A method of removing the pro- 
teid from a fluid. Saturate the solutions with am- 
monium sulphate, and all the proteids except pep- 
tones will be precipitated, and may be filtered off. 

Weppen's test. (1) For morphine: sugar, sulphuric 
acid, and bromine are added to the suspected so- 
lution; a red color indicates the presence of morphine. 
(2) For veratrine: sugar and sulphuric acid are added 
to the suspected solution; a blue or green or yellow 
color indicates the presence of veratrine. 

Werlhof s disease {verV-hof) [Paul Gottlieb Werl- 
hof, a German physician, 1699-1767]. Purpura 
hemorrhagica. 

Wernekinck's commissure (ver'-ne-kink) [Fried- 
rich Christian Wernekinck, German anatomist, 1798- 
1835]- The decussating fibers of the middle cerebellar 
peduncle. 

Wernicke's aphasia (ver'-ne-keh) [Karl Wernicke, 
German neufologist, 1848-1905]. Cortical sensory 
phasia. W.'s area, same as W.'s triangle, q. v. 
W.'s center, the auditory word-center in the posterior 
third of the first temporosphenoid convolution. W.'s 
convolution, the first temporosphenoid convolution. 
W.'s disease, polioencephalitis acuta hemor- 
rhagica; acute superior encephalitis. W.'s fibers. 
See Gratiolet's optic radiation. W.'s field. See 
W.'s triangle. W.'s fissure, a nearly vertical fis- 
sure sometimes seen to divide the parietal and 
temporal lobes from the occipital lobe. W.'s reac- 
tion, W.'s sign, A reaction obtained in some cases 
of hemianopia in which a pencil of light thrown on 
the blind side of the retina gives rise to no movement 
in the iris, but thrown upon the normal side, produces 
contraction of the iris. It indicates that the lesion 
producing the hemianopia is situated at or anterior 
to the geniculate bodies. W.'s triangle, a triangular 
area formed by the decussation, at various angles, of 
the radiating fibers of Gratiolet with the fibers pro- 
ceeding from the external geniculate body and pul- 
vinar; it occupies the extreme posterior segment of 
the capsula. 

Wertheim's ointment (vert'-him) [Gustav Wert- 
heim, Austrian physician, 1822-1888]. An ointment 
used in treating chloasma. It consists of ammoni- 
ated chloride of mercury and bismuth, each two 
drams, and glycerin ointment one ounce. 

Wertheim's operation {vert'-him) [Ernst Wertheim, 
Austrian gynecologist, 1864- ]. A plastic oper- 
ation for procidentia uteri, and cystocele. 

Westbrook's operation. Cardicentesis. 

Westphal's nucleus (vest'-fahl) [Karl Friedrich 
Otto Westphal, German neurologist, 1833-1890]. 



The nucleus of origin of a part of the trochlear nerve- 
fibers; it is situated posteriorly to the trochlear 
nucleus proper. W.'s paradoxic contraction, tonic 
contraction of the anterior muscles of the leg (es- 
pecially the tibialis anticus) on passive flexion of the 
foot; it is occasionally seen in multiple sclerosis, par- 
alysis agitans, tabes, alcoholism, and hysteria. W.'s 
sign, absence of the patellar reflex; it occurs in lesions 
of the spinal cord at the level of the reflex center (e. g. t 
tabes dorsalis, paretic dementia), neuritis, certain 
cases of cerebellar disease, etc. W.'s zone, a zone in 
the posterior column of the lumbar spinal cord, which 
is bounded externally by the inner side of the pos- 
terior horn, internally by an imaginary anteropos- 
terior line drawn through the point at which the 
posterior horn turns inward, and posteriorly by the 
periphery of the cord. It contains the afferent fibers 
concerned in the patellar reflex mechanism. 

Westphal-Erb's sign. See Westphal's sign. 

Westphal-Piltz's reflex [Alexander Karl Otto West- 
phal, German neurologist, 1863- ; Alexander Piltz, 
Austrian neurologist, 1871- ]. See Gifford's reflex. 

wet. Not dry; moist, w. brain, an excessively 
serous condition of the brain, w. cupping, cupping 
combined with scarification, whereby some blood is 
drawn, w.-dream, seminal emission during sleep, 
generally accompanying an erotic dream, w. nurse, 
a woman who suckles the child of another, w. pack, 
a means of reducing temperature by wrapping a pa- 
tient in a wet sheet and covering with dry blankets. 
w. scald, eczema in sheep, w. tetter, weeping ec- 
zema. 

Wetzel's test for CO in blood [vet'-sel) (Georg 
Wetzel, German physician, 187 1- ]. Add to the 
blood 4 volumes of water and treat with 3 volumes of 
a 1% tannic acid solution. In the presence of carbon 
monoxide the blood becomes carmine red; normal 
blood gradually becomes gray. 

Weyl's reaction for creatinin (vil) [Theodor Weyl 
German chemist, 1851- ]• Add to the creatinin 
solution a few drops of a dilute solution of sodium 
nitroprusside, and then, drop by drop, a few drops of 
sodium hydroxide. A ruby-red coloration results, 
quickly changing to yellow again. 

wharl (hwarl) [A variety of whirl]. The uvular or 
rattling utterance of the r. sound. 

Wharton's duct (hwar'-tun) [Thomas Wharton, 
English anatomist, 1610-1673]. The duct of the 
submaxillary gland. W.'s jelly, the gelatinous em- 
bryonic connective tissue of the umbilical cord. 

wheal (hwel) [AS., hwele]. A whitish or pinkish 
elevation, developing suddenly upon the skin, and 
lasting usually but a short time. Wheals are pro- 
duced by urticaria, the bites of insects, or the sting 
of a nettle. Syn., pomphus; urtica. /W.-worm, the 
acarus scabiei, or itch insect. 

wheat Qiwet). See triticum. 

wheatena Qiwet-e' -nah) . An artificial food said to 
contain all the elements of the wheat-berry except 
the husk. The starch granules have already been 
ruptured by heat, and only a few moments' cooking 
is necessary. 

Wheatstone's bridge (hwet'-ston) [Charles Wheat- 
stone, English physicist, 1802-1875], An instrument 
for measuring electrical resistance. 

Wheelhouse's operation (Jhw el' -house) [Claudius 
Galen Wheelhouse, English surgeon, ]. A 

perineal incision through the urethra for stricture; 
external urethrotomy. 

wheeze (hwez). To breathe hard; to breathe with 
difficulty and with an audible whistling sound. 

wheezing (Jiweez'-ing). The half -stertorous, sib- 
ilant sound occasionally observed in the breathing of 
persons affected with croup, asthma, or coryza. 

whelk (hwelk). A protuberance upon the face, due 
to alcoholism; acne rosacea; a pimple. 

whetstone crystals. Peculiar crystals of xanthin 
found in urine. 

whettle-bones. The vertebrae. 

whey (hwa). The liquid part of milk separating 
from the curd, alum-w., whey separated by stirring 
milk with a lump of alum; a popular remedy for sore 
eyes, wine-whey, a whey prepared by adding Rhine 
wine one part to hot milk four parts, and straining. 
w.-cure, the administration of whey as a method of 
treating certain diseases. 

whiff (hwif) [origin obscure]. A puff of air. w.» 
oral, a peculiar sound heard during expiration from 
the open mouth, principally in cases of thoracic aneu- 
rysm. 



WHIP-WORM 



951 



WINDOW 



whip-worm (hwip'-wurm) The Trichocephalus 
dispar. 

whirl (hwurl) [ME., whirlen, to whirl]. To revolve 
rapidly, w.-bone. i. The head of the femur. 2. 
The patella. 

whiskey, whisky (hwis'-ke). See spiritus frumen- 
ti. w.-nose. See acne rosacea. 

whisper (hwis'-per). A low, soft, sibilant sound 
produced by the passage of the breath through the 
glottis without throwing the vocal cords into vibra- 
tion. 

whispered bronchophony. See bronchophony. 

whispering pectoriloquy. See pectoriloquy, whis- 
pering. 

whistle. A sound produced by forcing the breath 
through the contracted lips, w., Gallon's. See 
Galton's whistle. 

white (hwit) [AS., hwit]. 1. Having a color pro- 
duced by reflection of all the rays of the spectrum; 
opposed to black. 2. Any white substance, as white 
of egg. w. arsenic, arsenic trioxide. w. cell, w. 
corpuscle, the leukocyte, w. commissure, the an- 
terior commissure of the spinal cord. w. gangrene, 
gangrene with anemia of the tissues, w. lead, basic 
lead carbonate, w. leg. g See Phlegmasia alba dolens. 
w. leprosy, vitiligo, w. line, the linea alba. w. mat- 
ter, the part of the brain and spinal cord consisting 
of medullated nerve-fibers, and having a white color. 
w. mustard, sinapis alba. See under mustard, w., 
pearl-, bismuth subnitrate. w., permanent, a com- 
mercial name for barium sulphate, w. pneumonia. 
See pneumonia, white, w. precipitate, hydrargy- 
rum ammoniatum. See mercury, ammoniated. w. 
softening, softening of nerve-substance in which the 
affected area presents a whitish color, due to fatty 
degeneration following anemia, w. substance of 
Schwann, the myelin sheath of medullated nerve- 
fibers, w. swelling. See swelling, white, w. vit- 
riol, zinc sulphate. 

White's disease. Keratosis follicularis. 

White's operation [J. William White, American 
surgeon, 1850- ]. Castration for cure of enlarged 
prostate. 

Whitehead's operation [Walter Whitehead, Eng- 
lish surgeon, 1840-1913]. 1. Excision of the tongue, 
through the mouth. 2. Excision of hemorrhoids, by 
removal of a circular strip of mucous membrane 
around the anus, including the tumors. 

whites (hwltz). See leukorrhea. 

whiting. Prepared chalk or white clay; purified 
calcium carbonate. 

whitlow (hwit' -16). See paronychia, w., melan- 
otic, a form of melanotic sarcoma simulating whitlow 
in appearance, w., painless. See Morvan's disease. 

whoop (hoop). The inspiratory crow which pre- 
cedes or occurs during a paroxysm in whooping-cough. 

whooping-cough (hoo'-ping-kof). An infectious 
disease characterized by catarrhal inflammation of the 
air-passages and peculiar paroxysms of cough ending 
in a loud whooping inspiration. It is most frequent 
in children, and is probably due to a specific micro- 
organism. 

whorl (hworl). 1. A spiral turn, in general. 2. 
The spiral turn of the external fibers of the heart 
where they join the inner fibers. 

Whytt's disease (hwit) [Robert Whytt, Scottish 
physician, 1714-1766]. Hydrocephalus internus: a 
collection of fluid in the cerebral ventricles. 

Wichmann's asthma (vik'-mahn) [Johann Ernst 
Wichmann, German physician, 1740-1802]. Laryn- 
gismus stridulus. Kopp's asthma. 

Wickersheimer's fluid (vik'-ers-hi-mer). A fluid 
employed for the preservation of anatomical speci- 
mens, consisting of arsenic trioxide, sodium chloride, 
potassium sulphate, carbonate, and nitrate, dissolved 
in a mixture of glycerol, methyl-alcohol, and water. 

wicking (wik'-ing). Loosely twisted unspun cot- 
ton or wool; it is employed in packing cavities. 

Widal's reaction or test, (ve'-dal) [Fernand Widal, 
French physician, 1862- ]. The addition of a few 
drops of a recent culture of Bacillus typhi abdominalis 
(Eberth) to the serum of a typhoid-fever patient 
causes an agglutination and loss of movement of the 
had'Hi. 

Widmer's sign. The temperature in the right 
axilla is higher than that in the left axilla; found in 
appendicitis. 

Wigger's ergotin. An alcoholic extract prepared 
from ergot deprived of fixed oil by means of ether. 
Wilde's cords [Sir William Robert Willis Wilde, 



Irish surgeon, 1815-1876]. The transverse fibers of 
the callosum. W.'s incision. See Wilde's operation. 
W.'s luminous triangle. See Politzer's luminous 
cone. W.'s operation. For mastoid or cerebral ab- 
scess; the bone is exposed from the base to the apex of 
the mastoid process, one-half inch behind the auricle, 
and, if necessary, the bone is opened with a drill, 
gouge, or trephine. 

Wildermuth's ear (vil'-der-moot) [Hermann A. 
Wildermuth, German neurologist, 1852- ]. A con- 
genital deformity of the ear consisting in a promi- 
nence of the anthelix.the helix being turned downward. 

Wilkinson's disease. Paralysis agitans. 

Wilks' disease [Sir Samuel Wilks, English phy- 
sician, 1824-1911]. Chronic parenchymatous nephri- 
tis. W.'s kidney, the large white kidney. W.'s 
symptom-complex. See Erb's disease. 

Willan's leprosy [Robert Willan, English physi- 
cian, 1757-1812]. Psoriasis. W.'s lupus, lupus vul- 
garis. 

Willard's disease. See lupus vulgaris. 

Williams' sign [Charles Williams, English physi- 
cian. 1838-1889]. Diminished inspiratory expan- 
sion on the left side in adherent pericardium. W.'s 
tracheal sound, the peculiar resonance sometimes 
found in the second intercostal space in cases of very 
large pleural effusion. It is a dull tympanitic reso- 
nance, becoming higher on opening the mouth, and 
arising from the vibrations of air in a large bronchus 
surrounded by compressed lung. 

Williamson's blood-test for diabetes. Place in a 
narrow test-tube 40 Cmm. of water and 20 Cmm. of 
blood ; add 1 Cc. of an aqueous solution of methylene- 
blue (l : 6000) and 40 Cmm. of solution of potassium 
hydroxide. Place the tube in a water-pot, which is 
kept boiling. From the blood of a diabetic patient 
the blue color disappears in four minutes and becomes 
yellow. In blood that is not diabetic the blue color 
remains. 

Willis' accessory nerve [Thomas Willis, English 
anatomist, 1621-1675]. The spinal accessory nerve. 
W.'s arteries, the anterior and posterior communi- 
cating arteries of the brain. W., circle of, the arterial 
anastomosis at the base of the brain, formed by the 
anterior communicating artery between the anterior 
cerebral arteries, the internal carotids and middle 
and posterior cerebral arteries, and the posterior 
communicating arteries. W.'s cords. 1. Fibrous 
trabecular stretching across the lower angle of the 
superior longitudinal sinus. 2. See Wilde's cords. 
W.'s disease, diabetes mellitus. W.'s glands, the 
corpora albicantia. W.'s ophthalmic branch, the 
ophthalmic division of the fifth cranial nerve. W.'s 
paracusis, increased hearing power in the presence of 
a loud noise. W.'s valve. See valve of Vieussens. 

WUlock's respiratory jacket (wil'-ok). A jacket 
used in pulmonary emphysema. 

willow (wil'-o) [AS., welig]. Salix, a genus of trees 
of the order Salicacea, the bark and leaves of which 
contain salicin. Salix alba and Salix nigra have been 
used in spermatorrhea, neuralgia, and malaria. 

Wilson's disease [William James Erasmus Wilson, 
English dermatologist, 18097-1884]. General ex- 
foliative dermatitis. W.'s lichen, lichen planus. 
W.'s muscle, a nonconstant fasciculus of the compres- 
sor urethrae which is attached to the body of the pubis 
near the symphysis. 

Wilson-Brocq's disease. See Wilson's disease. 

Winckel's disease (ving'-kel) [Franz Karl Ludwig 
Wilhelm von Winckel, German obstetrician, 1837- 

]. An epidemic disease of children, characterized 
by cyanosis, jaundice, and hemoglobinuria. 

Winckler's bodies. Spherical masses seen in syph- 
litic tissues. 

Winckler's test for free HC1 in the gastric juice. 
Mix a few drops of the filtered gastric juice in a por- 
celain capsule with a few drops of a 5% alcoholic so- 
lution of alphanaphthol to which 0.5 to 1% of glucose 
has been added. On heating gently a bluish- violet 
zone appears, which darkens rapidly. 

windage (win'-daj). The compression of air said 
to be produced by the passage of a bullet or other simi- 
lar missile close to the body, and to give rise to an 
injury called wind-contusion. 

wind-contusion. Windage. 

windlass, Spanish. A form of tourniquet consist- 
ing of a handkerchief tied about a part and twisted 
by means of a stick. 

window (win' -do). 1. An aperture in a wall for the 
admission of light and air. 2. A small aperture in a 



WINDPIPE 



952 



WORREMBERG'S APPARATUS 



bone. See fenestra, w. resection, submucous re- 
section of part of nasal septum. 

windpipe {wind' -pip) . See trachea. 

wind-pox. Chickenpox. 

wine {win) [L., vinum]. i. The fermented juice of 
the grape. 2. A solution of a medicinal substance in 
wine. Wines consist chiefly of water and alcohol, 
the latter varying from 6 to 22% (from 10 to 14% in 
the official wines). In addition they contain volatile 
oil, enanthic ether, grape-sugar, traces of glycerol, 
coloring-matter, tannic, malic, phosphoric, carbonic, 
and acetic acids, potassium bitartrate, and calcium 
tartrate. Wine is used as a beverage in most civilized 
countries, and in medicine as a stimluant like alcohol, 
w., red {vinum rubrum, U. S. P.), the fermented juice 
of fresh colored grapes. The most important varie- 
ties are claret, Bordeaux, and port, w., white {vi- 
num album, U. S. P.), the fermented juice of grapes 
freed from seeds, stems, and skins. The most im- 
portant varieties are sherry {vinum xericum) , Madeira, 
Catawba, etc. 

wineglass. A measure holding nearly two fluid 
ounces. 

wine-press of Herophilus. See torcular. 

Winiwarter's operation {vin'-e-var-ter) [Alexander 
von Winiwarter, German surgeon, 1848- ]. Cho- 
lecystenterostomy, in two stages. In the first the 
gall-bladder is united to the upper portion of the 
jejunum and the parts are fixed to the parietal per- 
itoneum; in the second, after about five days, the 
bowel is incised and a communication is established 
between the latter and the gall-bladder. 

wing. See ala. w. of Ingrassias, the alas of the 
sphenoid. 

wink. To open and close the eyelids quickly. 

Winslow's foramen {wins'-lo) [Jacob Benignus 
Winslow, Danish anatomist, 1669-1760]. An aper- 
ture between the liver and stomach, bounded in 
front by the portal vein, hepatic artery and duct, 
behind, by the inferior vena cava, below by the he- 
patic artery, and above, by the liver. It is forned by 
folds of the peritoneum, and establishes communi- 
cation between the greater and lesser cavities of the 
peritoneum. W.'s ligament, the ligamentum posti- 
cum Winslowii, the posterior ligament of the knee- 
joint. W.'s pancreas, the lesser pancreas. W.'s 
pouch, the gastrohepatic omentum. W.'s stars, 
capillary whorls which form the beginning of the 
vorticose veins of the choroid. 

wintera, winter's bark {win'-ter-ah). The bark of 
Drimys winter i; it is aromatic and tonic, used in 
scurvy. 

wintergreen. See gaultheria. 

winter-itch. See pruritus hiemalis. 

Winternitz's sound {vin'-ter-nitz) [Wilhelm Win- 
ter nitz, Austrian physician, 1835- ]. A double cur- 
rent catheter through which water may circulate, 
and so heat or cold may be applied to urethra or 
prostate. 

Wintrich's change of pitch {vin'-trik) [Anton Win- 
trich, German physician, 1812-1882]. The tym- 
panitic sound of pneumothorax and of cavities com- 
municating freely with a bronchus becomes higher in 
pitch when the mouth is opened and lower when the 
mouth is closed. 

wiring. Securing by means of wire the fragments 
of a broken bone. 

Wirsung, canal or duct of {ver'-soong) [Johann 
Georg Wirsung, Bavarian anatomist, -1643]. 

The excretory duct of the pancreas. 

wiry {wi'-re). Resembling wire; tough and flex- 
ible, w. pulse. See pulse. 

wisdom-tooth. The last molar tooth, which is the 
last of all the teeth to appear. 

wismol. A proprietary dusting powder. 

Wistar's pyramids. See Berlin, bones of. 

witch-hazel. See hamamelis. 

witherite {with'-ur-ite) [W. Withering, English phy- 
sician, 1741-1799]- Native barium carbonate. 

withers {with'-erz) . The ridge above the shoulders 
of the horse, formed by the spinous processes of the 
first eight or ten thoracic vertebrae. 

Witz's test for HC1 in the contents of the stomach. 
An aqueous solution of methyl-violet (strength 0.025 
%) is first colored blue, then green, and finally de- 
colorized by dilute inorganic acids. 

Wladimiroff's operation {vla-de'-me-rof). Tarsec- 
tomy; Mikulicz's operation. The heel portion of the 
foot, consisting of the astragalus, os calcis, and the 
soft parts covering them, is removed; the articular 



surfaces of the tibia, fibula, cuboid, and scaphoid are 
sawn off and the foot is brought into a straight line 
with the leg. 

Woehler's rings. See Meyer's rings. 

Woelde's triangle {vel'-der). Politzer's luminous 
cone. 

Woelfier's operation {vel'-fler) [Anton Woelfler, Aus- 
trian surgeon, 1850- ]. Gastroenterostomy. 

Woillez's disease {vivah-la') [Eugene Joseph Woil- 
lez, French physician, 1811-1882]. Acute pulmonary 
congestion. 

Wolff's law. Every change in the static relations 
of a bone leads not only to a corresponding change of 
internal structure, but also to a change of external 
form and physiological function. 

Wolff-Eisner reaction or test {vulf-lz'-ner) [Alfred 
Wolff-Eisner, German physician]. Calmette's oph- 
thalmo-reaction. 

Wolffian body [Kaspar Friedrich Wolff, German 
anatomist, 1733-1794]. The mesonephron, an organ 
of embryonic life situated on each side of the vertebral 
column and consisting of a series of convoluted tubes 
opening into a lateral duct, which is connected with 
the common cloaca of the alimentary and genito- 
urinary tracts. It disappears toward the end of the 
second month, leaving as a vestige the parovarium. 
W. cyst, a cyst of the broad ligament of the uterus, 
believed to be developed from vestiges of the Wolffian 
body. W. duct, the mesonephric duct; an embryonic 
duct of the mesonephron formed by longitudinal 
fission of part of the segmental duct. In the male it 
becomes the vas deferens; in the female it almost 
entirely disappears. W. ridge, a protuberance from 
which the W. body is developed. W. tubules, small 
tubes joining the Wolffian duct at right angjes. 

wolf-flaps. Whole skin-flaps without pedicles. 

wolfram. Tungsten. 

wolframate. Tungstate. 

wolfsbane. Aconite. 

womb {woom) [ME., woombe]. The uterus. 

wood. The hard part of trees; the part within the 
bark, w.-alcohol, methyl-alcohol, w., flour, saw- 
dust; used in surgical dressings, w.-naphtha, same 
as w.-alcohol. w.-oil. See gurjun balsam, w.-sor- 
rel, Oxalis acetosella, a low, tender pubescent herb of 
North America, Europe, Asia, and northern Africa. 
It contains potassium binoxalate, which is sometimes 
obtained from it and sold as salt of sorrel. It has 
refrigerant and antiscorbutic qualities, w.-spirit, 
methyl-alcohol, w.-sugar, xylose, w.-tar. See tar. 
w.-vinegar, vinegar obtained by the dry distillation 
of wood, w.-wool, prepared fibers of wood, used 
mainly as a surgical dressing. 

Woodbridge treatment [John Eliot Woodbridge, 
American physician, 1845-1901]. Treatment of ty- 
phoid fever by intestinal antisepsis and elimination. 

wooden tongue. See actinomycosis. 

wool-fat. See lanolin. 

woolsorter's disease. Anthrax. 

woorara {woo-rar'-ah). See cur or a. 

word-blindness. See under aphasia. 

word-deafness. See deafness, psychic. 

working distance. In a microscope the distance 
between the object and the objective. 

worm {wurm). A member of the class Vermes, of 
the division Invertebrata, especially one parasitic in 
man or animals, w., bladder-, the Tcenia echino- 
coccus. See tape-worm, dog. w., guinea-, w., 
medina-, the Filaria medinensis. See under filaria. 
w., pin-, w., seat-, w., thread-. See oxyuris. w., 
whip-, the Trichocephalus dispar. 

Wormian bone {wur'-me-an) [Olaus Worm, a Dan- 
ish physician, 1588-1654]. Any one of the small 
supernumerary bones found in the sutures of the skull. 

Wormley's test [Theodore George Wormley, Ameri- 
can chemist, 1826-1897]. A color reaction for alka- 
loids, made by treating the suspected solution with 
an alcoholic solution of picric acid, or with a dilute 
iodine-potassium-iodide solution. 

Worm-Mueller's test for sugar [Jacob Worm-Muel- 
ler, Norwegian physician, 1834-1889]. A mixture of 
a 1.5 to 2.5% solution of cupric sulphate and an alka- 
line solution of Rochelle salt is added to the urine; on 
boiling, a yellowish precipitate of copper suboxide is- 
formed. 

wormseed {wurm'-sed). 1. See chenopodium. 2. 
See santonica. 

wormwood. See absinthium. 

Worremberg's apparatus. An apparatus for polar- 
ization by reflection. 



WORSTED TEST 



953 



WYMAN'S STRAP 



worsted test. See Holmgren's test. 

Woulfe's bottles [Peter Woulfe, English chemist, 
1727-1803]. An apparatus consisting of a series of 
two or three necked bottles connected by suitable 
tubes and used for washing gases or saturating liquids 
therewith. 

wound (woond) [AS., wund]. A solution of con- 
tinuity of an external or internal surface of the 
body, w., contused, one produced by a blunt body. 
w., incised, one caused by a cutting instrument, w., 
lacerated, one in which the tissues are torn, w., 
open, one having a free external opening, w., pene- 
trating, one that pierces the walls of a cavity or enters 
into an organ, w., poisoned, one in which septic 
materials are introduced, w., punctured, one made 
by a pointed instrument, w., subcutaneous, one 
with a very small external opening in the skin. 

wreath. In biology, applied to a stage in kary- 
okinesis, as the mother -wreath, daughter-wreath. 

Wreden's test (vra'-den) [Robert Robertovich 
Wreden, Russian otologist, 1837-1893]. A test of 
live-birth. It consists in the absence of gelatinous 
matter from the middle ear; this is regarded as a 
proof that the fetus was born alive and has breathed. 

Wright's method [Sir Almroth Edward Wright, 
English bacteriologist, 1861- ]. The opsonic 
method. W.'s vaccine, antityphoid vaccine. 

Wright's solution [James Homer Wright, American 
pathologist, 1869- ]. Sodium citrate, 0.5; sodium 
chloride, 3.0; distilled water, 100. 

wrightine (ri'-ten), C24H40N2. An astringent and 
anthelmintic alkaloid from conessi bark, Wrightia 
zeylanica. 

Wrisberg's ansa memorabilis {riz'-berg) [Heinrich 
August Wrisberg, German anatomist, 1739-1808]. 
A loop formed by the right semilunar ganglion and 
the anastomosis of the right pneumogastric and great 
splanchnic nerves. W.'s cartilages, the cuneiform 
cartilages, one on each side of the fold of membrane 
stretching from the arytenoid cartilage to the epi- 
glottis. W.'s ganglion. 1. A ganglion frequently 
found in the superficial cardiac plexus at the point 
of union of the lower cervical cardiac branch of the 
left pneumogastric with the upper cardiac nerve of 
the sympathetic of the left side. 2. Intumescentia 
semilunaris. See ganglion, Gasserian. W.'s lingula, 
the filaments connecting the sensory and motor roots 



of the trigeminus. W.'s nerve. 1. A small branch 
of the brachial plexus supplying the skin of the arm. 
See cutaneous, lesser internal, under nerve. 2. A 
small nerve arising from the medulla oblongata and 
coursing between the facial and auditory nerves. 
W.'s pars intermedia. See W.'s nerve (2). 

wrist (rist) [AS.]. The part joining the forearm 
and the hand. See carpus, w.-clonus. See reflex, 
wrist, w.-drop, a paralysis of the extensor muscles 
of the wrist and fingers causing a dropping of the 
hand, w.-joint, the articulation between the fore- 
arm and the hand ; the radio-carpal articulation. 

writer's cramp. An occupation-neurosis occurring 
in those who write a great deal, and characterized 
by painful spasm of the fingers when an effort at 
writing is made. 

writing hand. A peculiar position assumed by the 
hand in paralysis agitans. 

wry-neck (ri'-nek). See torticollis. 

Wunderlich's law or curve (voon'-der-lik) [Carl 
Reinhold Wunderlich, German physician, 1815-1867]. 
The ascending oscillations of the temperature-curve 
in typhoid fever. 

Wundt's tetanus. A prolonged tetanic contraction 
induced in a frog's muscle by injury or the passage 
of a strong current. 

wurali (woo-rah'-le). Same as curara. 

Wurster's test for hydrogen dioxide. Paper sat- 
urated with a solution of tetramethylparaphenylen- 
diamine turns blue-violet with hydrogen dioxide. W.'s 
test for tyrosine. 1. Treat a boiling aqueous solution 
of tyrosin drop by drop with a 1 % acetic acid and a 
sodium nitrite solution. A red coloration results. 
2. Add some dry quinone to a hot aqueous solution of 
tyrosine. A deep ruby-red coloration results, lasting 
for 24 hours, and then changing to brown. 

Wutzer's operation (vilt'-zer). An operation for 
the radical cure of inguinal hernia. 

Wyeth's operation [John Allan Wyeth, American 
surgeon, 1845- ]. A method of bloodless amputa- 
tion of the hip or shoulder; hemorrhage is controlled 
by long pins and a strong elastic band or tube. 

Wylie's operation [Walter Gill Wylie, American 
gynecologist, 1848- ]. Intra-abdominal shortening 
of the round ligaments of the uterus. 

Wyman's strap. An arrangement of straps for 
holding a violently insane person in bed. 



X. Symbol for the decimal scale of potency or 
dilution, used by the homeopaths. 

xanol (zan'-ol). Trade name of a preparation of 
sodium-caffeine salicylate. 

xanthaematin. See xanthematin. 

xanthaline (zan'-thal-en) [£av96s, yellow], C37H36N2- 
O3. An alkaloid from opium; a white, crystalline 
substance forming yellow salts. 

xanthamide (zan'-tham-id), C3H7NSO4. A crys- 
talline substance derived from xanthic acid. 

xanthate (zan'-that) [£aud6s, yellow]. A salt of 
xanthic acid. 

xanthein (zan'-the-in) [£avd6s, yellow]. The yellow 
coloring matter of plants; it is soluble in water, thus 
differing from xanthin. 

xanthelasma (zan-thel-az'-mah) £ai>96s, yellow; 
eKaana, a metal plate]. See xanthoma. 

xanthelasmoidea (zan-thel-az-mo-id'-e-ah) [xanthel- 
asma; eldos, form]. Synonym of urticaria pigmentosa. 

xanthematin xanthaematin (zan-them'-at-in) [%avd6s, 
yellow; hematin]. A bitter yellow substance ob- 
tained by dissolving hematin in dilutenitric acid. 

xanthene (zan'-then) [£avd6s, yellow]. A yellow, 
mixture obtained from persulphocyanic acid. 

xanthic (zan'-thik) [xanthin]. 1. Yellow. 2. Per- 
taining to xanthin. x. acid, an ester of thiosulpho- 
carbonic acid; it is an unstable, colorless oil which 
decomposes at 25 C. into carbon disulphide and al- 
cohol, x. calculus, urinary calculus composed mainly 
of xanthin. x. oxide, an ingredient of stony forma- 
tions; xanthin. 

xanthin (zan'-thin) [£av86s, yellow], C6H4N4O2. A 
nonpoisonous leukomaine found in nearly all the tis- 
sues and liquids of the animal economy, and also in 
many plants; it occurs in minute quantities in urine, 
also in guano. It is formed in the decomposition of 
nuclein by dilute acids. According to Ross, it is an 
auxetic in cancer. It is a colorless powder, almost 
insoluble in cold water, but readily soluble in dilute 
acids and alkalies, and acts as a muscle-stimulant, 
especially to the heart. For tests see Hoppe-Seyler 
and Weidel. x. bases, alloxuric bases. 

xanthinoxidase (zan-thin-oks'-id-as) [xanthin; oxi- 
dase]. An oxidizing ferment which converts xanthin 
and hypoxanthin into uric acid. 

xanthinuria (zan-thin-u'-re-ah) [xanthin; urine]. 
The presence of xanthin in excess in the urine. 

Xanthium (zan'-the-um). Clotbur; a genus of 
Composites. 

xanthiuria (zan-the-u'-re-ah). See xanthinuria. 

xantho- (zan-tho-) [£apd6s, yellow]. A prefix mean- 
ing yellow. 

xanthochroia (zan-tho-kro'-e-ah) [£avd6s, yellow; 
xpoia, skin]. Yellow discoloration of the skin. 

xanthochromia (zan-tho-kro'-me-ah) [xantho-; xp«- 
na, a color]. 1. A yellowish discoloration of the skin. 
2. The yellow hemorrhagic discoloration of the cere- 
brospinal fluid, diagnostic of hemorrhage of the spinal 
cord. 

xanthochrous (zan-tho-kro'-us) [£(w06s, yellow; 
xpoid, skin]. Yellow-skinned. 

xanthocreatinine (zan-tho-kre-at'-in-in) [xantho- ; 
creatinine], CbHioN^O. A leukomaine found in mus- 
cle, crystallizing in yellow crystals and resembling 
creatinine. It produces depression, somnolence, 
fatigue, frequent defecation, and vomiting. 

xanthocyanopia, xanthocyanopsia (zan-tho-si-an-o'- 
pe-ah, zan-tho-si-an-op' -se-ah) [xantho-; nvavos, blue; 
oi^ts, sight]. A defect of color-vision in which yellow 
and blue are perceived, while red is imperceptible. 

xanthocystin (zan-tho-sis'-tin) [£avd6s, yellow; kv<t- 
t«, bladder]. A nitrogenous substance found in the 
whitish tubercles in the mucosas and organs of a corpse. 

xanthocyte (zan'-tho-stt) [xantho-; kOtos, a cell]. A 
cell secreting a yellow pigment. 

xanthoderma, xanthodermia (zan-tho-der'-mah, zan- 
tho-der'-me-ah) [xantho-; dtpua, skin]. A yellow dis- 
coloration of the skin. 



xanthodont, xanthodontous (zan'-tho-dont, zan-tho- 
don'-tus) [xantho- ; odovs, tooth]. Having yellow teeth. 

xanthogen (zan'-tho-jen). Same as xanthein. 

xanthogenic acid (zan-tho- j en' -ik). Same as xan- 
thic acid. 

xanthoglobulin (zan-tho-glob' -u-lin) [£av66s, yel- 
low; globulin]. Same as hypoxanthin. A yellow 
substance found in the liver and pancreas. 

xanthokyanopy (zan-tho-ki-an'-o-pe) [£av66s, yel- 
low; Kvavos, blue; &\f/, eye]. Red-green blindness, 
with undiminished spectrum. See xanthocyanopsia. 

xantholin (zan'-tho-lin). Same as santonica. 

xanthoma (zan-tho' -mah) [xantho-; 5fia, tumor]. 
Xanthelasma; a newgrowth of the skin occurring as 
flat or slightly raised patches or nodules from a pin- 
head to a bean in size, and of a yellowish color. The 
flat lesions (xanthoma planum) usually occur about 
the eyelids; the elevated or tubercular variety (xan- 
thoma tuberculatum ; xanthoma tuberosum) on the neck, 
trunk, and extremities. Histologically the lesions 
consist of connective tissue undergoing a partial fatty 
degeneration, x. diabeticorum, a rare disease of the 
skin associated with diabetes mellitus, the lesions of 
which are denser and firmer than those of true xan- 
thoma, and are dull red, discrete, and solid, with a 
yellowish point at the apex. x. glycosuricum, that 
marked by grape-sugar or pentose in the urine. 
x. multiplex, a form occurring usually in women about 
middle life. x. planum, x. palpebrarum, the com- 
moner form of xanthoma, usually occurring on the 
eyelids, x. tuberculatum, x. tuberosum, a form 
marked by tubercular lesions on the extensor sur- 
faces of the extremities and on parts exposed to pres- 
sure. 

xanthomatosis (zan-tho-mat-o'-sis) [£av6bs, yellow; 
5/xa, tumor]. Xanthoma of so marked a type as to 
indicate a special diathesis. 

xanthomatous (zan-tho' -mat-us) [£av96s, yellow; 
6fia, tumor]. Of the nature of, or affected with 
xanthoma. 

xanthomelanous (zan-tho-meV -an-us) [£av66s, yel- 
low; fieAas, black]. Having yellow or olive skin and 
black hair. 

xanthone (zan'-thon). Same as brometone. 

xanthopathy (zan-thop'-ath-e). See xanthoderma. 

xanthophane (zan'-tho-fan) [xantho-; <j>aLveiv, to 
show]. A yellow pigment found in the retinal cones. 

xanthophose (zan'-tho-foz) [xantho-; <j>us, light]. A 
yellow phose. 

xanthophyll (zan'-tho-fil) [£av$6s, yellow; <f>v\\ot>, 
'leaf]. The yellow pigment of plants, developed in 
the leaves. 

xanthopia (zan-tho' -pe-ah). Same as xanthopsia. 

xanthopicrin (zan-tho-pik'-rin) [tavOtn, yellow; 
Tnupbs, bitter]. A yellowish coloring matter, derived 
from the bark of Xanthoxylum caribaum. Same as 
berberine. 

xanthoplasty (zan'-tho-plas-te) [£avBbs, yellow; irXAo-- 
aeiv, to form]. A plastic operation for xanthoderma. 

xanthoproteic (zan-tho-pro-te'-ik) [xanthoprotein]. 
Derived from or related to xanthoprotein. x. acid, 
C34H24O22N4, a non-crystallizable acid, producedby 
decomposing proteins with nitric acid. x. reaction, 
the deep-orange color obtained by the addition of 
ammonia to proteids that have been heated with 
strong nitric acid. 

xanthoprotein (zan-tho-pro'-te-in) [xantho-; protein]. 
A yellowish substance formed from proteids by the 
action of nitric acid. 

xanthopsia (zan-thop' -se-ah) [xantho-; o^is, vision]. 
Yellow vision; the condition in which objects look 
yellow. It sometimes accompanies jaundice. 

xanthopsydracia (zan-thop-se-dra'-she-ah) [xan- 
thos; ypi)Spa.%, a pimple}. The occurrence on the skin 
of yellow pimples or pustules. 

xanthopuccine (zan-tho-puk'-seen) [xanthos; puc- 
coon]. An alkaloid found in hydrastis. 

xanthorrhea, xanthorrhoea (zan-thor-e'-ah) [^avBbs, 



XANTHORRHIZA 



955 



XYLOL 



yellow; pkeiv, to flow]. An acrid, purulent, yellow 
discharge from the vagina. 

Xanthorrhiza (zan-tho-ri'-zah) [£ai>66s, yellow; pifa, 
a .root]. A genus of ranunculaceous plants. X. 
apiifolia, yellow root, a bitter tonic. 

xanthosis (zan-tho'-sis) [Zavdos, yellow]. The yel- 
low pigmentation sometimes observed in carcinoma 
and degenerating tissues. 

xanthous (zan'-thus) [£avd6s, yellow]. Having a 
yellow skin or complexion. 

xanthoxylene (zan-thok'-sil-en) [£cu>66s, yellow; 
£v\oi>, wood]. C10H16. A colorless, volatile oil ob- 
tained from the fruit of Xanthoxylum alatum. 

xanthoxylin (zan-thok'-sil-in) [£ai>d6s, yellow; £U\ov, 
wood]. 1. A precipitate from a tincture of Xanthoxy- 
lum fraxineum, stimulant, styptic, tonic, sialagogue. 
Dose 1-2 grains. 2. A stearopten from the volatile 
oil of Xanthoxylum piperitum. 

xanthoxylum (zan-thoks' -il-um) [xantho-; £v\ov, 
wood]. Prickly ash, a genus of trees of the order 
Rutacece. The dried bark of X. americanum or of 
Fagara clava-her cults yields the xanthoxylum of the 
U. S. P. ; it contains a crystalline principle, xanthoxy- 
lin, and is irritant, stimulant, and slightly diapho- 
retic. It is used in chronic rheumatism and as an 
emmenagogue. Dose 30 grains (2.0 Gm.). x., fluid- 
extract of (fluidextr actum xanthoxyli, U. S. P.). Dose 
30 minims (2.0 Cc). 

xanthuria (zan-ihu'-re-ah). See xanthinuria. 

xanthylic (zan-thil'-ik) [xanthine; v\ij, matter]. 
Pertaining to xanthine. 

xaxa (zak'-sah). Acetyl-salicylic acid. 

xaxaquin (zaks'-ak-win). Trade name of a prep- 
aration of acetyl salicylic acid, x.-bases. Alloxur 



x-disease. A condition of general malaise, with 
abnormal sensitiveness to cold, disturbances of diges- 
tion, respiration and cardiac action; its origin is un- 
known. 

Xe. Chemical symbol of xenon. 

xenarthral (zen-ar'-thral) [£ki>os, strange; apOpov, 
joint]. Strangely jointed. 

xenembole {zen-em'-bo-le) [£kvos, foreign; ep/3oXi7, a 
throwing in]. Same as xenenthesis. 

xenenthesis (zen-en' -thesis) [^kvos, foreign; lv, in; 
0«ris, a placing]. The introduction of a foreign body 
into the organism. 

xeno- (zen-o-) [£kvos, strange]. A prefix meaning 
strange or foreign. 

'xenogenesis (zen-o-jen'-es-is) . See heter agenesis. 

xenogenetic, xenogenic (zen-o-jen-et'-ik, zen-o-jen'- 
ik) [£evos, strange; y&>vav, to produce]. Pertaining to 
xenogenesis. 

xenogenous (zen-oj'-en-us) [£efos, foreign; yewav, to 
produce]. Caused by a foreign body. 

xenogeny (zen-oj'-en-e) [twos, strange; ykvos, kind]. 
Same as xenogenesis. 

xenomenia (zen-o-me' -ne-ah) [xeno-; n^viaia, men- 
ses]. Vicarious menstruation. 

xenon (zen'-on) [£b>os, strange]. A gaseous element 
found in the atmosphere; atomic weight 130.2; sym- 
bol Xe. 

xenophthalmia (zen-of-thal'-me-ah) [xeno-; 64>6a\p.6s, 
eye]. Conjunctivitis due to injury. 

xenosite (zen'-o-sit) [xeno-; oItos, food]. A para- 
site in an intermediate condition, organ, or host. 

xeransis (ze-ran'-sis) [frhpavats, a drying up]. The 
drying up or desiccation of a part or of a drug. 

xerantic (ze-ran'-tik) [see xeransis]. Having des- 
iccative properties; drying. 

xeraphion (ze-raf'-e-on) [fapm, dry]. 1. A medicine 
to check discharges. 2. A medicine to be taken 
dry. 

xerasia (zer-a'-ze-ah) f^pos, dry]. A disease of the 
hair marked by cessation of growth and excessive 
dryness. 

xerium (ze'-re-um). See xeraphion. 

xero- (zer-o-) [£»?p6s, dry]. A prefix meaning dry. 

xerocollyrium (zer-o-kol-ir'-e-um) [xero-; KoWovpiop, 
collyrium]. A dry collyrium; an eye-salve. 

xeroderma, xerodermia (zer-o-der'-mah, zer-o-der'- 
me-ah) [xero-; Seppa, skin]. 1. An abnormal dryness 
of the skin. 2. A disease characterized by dryness 
and harshness of the skin, discoloration, and a fine 
scaly desquamation; by some it is considered a mild 
form of ichthyosis, x. pigmentosum, a rare disease of 
the skin usually beginning in childhood, and char- 
acterized by disseminated pigment-spots, telangiec- 
tasis, atrophy of muscles, and contraction of the skin, 
generally followed by the development of ulcers, and 



ending in death. Syn., angioma pigmentosum atrophi- 
cum; atrophoderma pigmentosum; Kaposi's disease; 
melanosis lenticularis progressiva. 

xeroform (zer'-o-form). Tribromphenol-bismuth: 
an odorless, neutral powder containing 49-5% of bis- 
muth oxide and 50% of tribromphenol. It is an 
internal antiseptic, and is recommended as a specific 
against Asiatic cholera. Dose 7? gr. (0.5 Gm.). 

xeroma (zer-o' -mah). See xerophthalmia. 

xeromycteria (zer-o-mik-te'-re-ah) [xero- ; hvktvp, the 
nose]. Lack of moisture in the nasal passages. 

xeronosus (zer-on'-o-sus) [xero-; vbaos, disease]. A 
condition of dryness of the skin. 

xerophagia (ze-ro-faj'-e-ah) [xero-; <j>ayelv, to eat]. 
The use of dry or desiccated food. 

xerophagy (ze-rof-aj-e). See xerophagia. 

xerophthalmia (zer-of-thal'-me-ah) [xero-; ixf>9a\p.os, 
eye]. A dry and thickened condition of the conjunc- 
tiva, sometimes following chronic conjunctivitis or 
disease of the lacrimal apparatus. 

xerosis (zer-o' -sis) [^pos, dry]. A state of dryness, 
especially of the skin (see xeroderma) or of the con- 
junctiva (see xerophthalmia), x. epithelialis, x. 
infantilis, x. triangularis, xerophthalmia marked by a 
lusterless, grayish-white, foamy, greasy, very per- 
sistent deposit on the conjunctiva. 

xerostomia (zer-o-sto'-me-ah) [xero-; o-ropa, mouth]. 
Dry mouth, a peculiar condition characterized by 
suppression of the secretion of the salivary and buccal 
glands. 

xerotes (zer-o'-tez) [£^6x77$, dryness]. Dryness; a 
dry habit of the body. 

xerotic (zer-ot'-ik). Characterized by xerosis; dry. 

xerotripsis (zer-o-trip'-sis) [xero-; rpL0eiv, to rub]. 
Dry friction. 

xinol (zi'-nol). See zinol. 

xiphi-, xipho- (zif-i-, zif-o-) [£i<t>os, sword]. Prefixes 
signifying relating to the xiphoid cartilage. 

xiphicostal. See xiphocostal. 

xiphisternum (zif-is-ter'-num) [xiphi-; sternum]. 
The xiphoid cartilage. 

xiphocostal (zif-o-kos' -tal) [xipho-; costa, a rib]. 
Pertaining to the xiphoid cartilage and to the ribs. 
x. ligament, a ligament extending from the xiphoid 
cartilage to the cartilage of the eighth rib. 

xiphodymus (zif-od'-im-us) [xipho-; 5i5vnot, double]. 
A double monster with united pelvic and thoracic 
cavities, two legs, and occasionally with a rudimen- 
tary third leg. 

xiphodynia (zif-o-din'-e-ah) [xipho-; dSvvrj, pain]. 
Pain in the ensiform cartilage. 

xiphoid (zif'-oid) [£i<£os. sword; elSos, like]. Sword- 
shaped; ensiform. x. appendix, x. cartilage, x. proc- 
ess, the third piece, or ensiform process, of the ster- 
num; it becomes osseous in mature age. 

xiphopagus (zif-op'-ag-us) [xipho-; vaym, fixed]. 
A double monster united by the xiphoid cartilages. 

x-knee. Knock-knee. 

x-leg. Genu valgum. 

x-ogram. Skiagram, radiogram. 

x-ograph. Skiagraph, radiograph. 

x-ray photography. Synonym of skiagraphy. 

x-rays. See rays. Roentgen-. 

xylem (zi'-lem) [£v\ov, wood]. The inner part of 
the vascular bundle in a plant stem. 

xylene (zi'-len). See xylol. 

xylenin, xylenobacillin (zi'-len-in, zi-len-o-bas'-il- 
in). See zylenin. 

xylenol (zi'-len-ol). A colorless, crystalline sub- 
stance resembling phenol. It occurs in three isomeric 
forms (ortho-, meta-, and paraxylenol). 

xylidene (zi'-lid-en) [£v\ov wood]. CgHg.NHz. A 
methylated homologue of anilin; used for the prepa- 
ration of pigments. 

xylo- (zi-lo-) [ZyXov, wood]. A prefix meaning per- 
taining to or derived from wood. 

xylobalsamum (zi-lo-bol' sam-um) [xylon; balsam]. 
Balm of Gilead. 

xylochloral (zi-lo-klo'-ral) . A crystalline compound 
of xylose and chloral, prepared by heating with hydro- 
chloric acid; used as a hypnotic. 

xylogene (zi'-lo-jen) [kvKov, wood; yewav, to pro- 
duce]. A woody substance found in vegetable cell- 
walls. 

xyloidin (zi-loi'-din) [xylo-; tlSos, like], C6H9NO7. 
A white, inflammable substance obtained by the ac- 
tion of nitric acid upon starch or various forms of 
woody fiber. 

xylol (zi'-lol) [xylo-; oleum, oil], CgHio. Dimethyl- 



XYLOMA 956 XYSTER 

benzene, a volatile hydrocarbon used in microscopy A bitter glucoside obtained from the berries of Loni- 
as a clearing-agent and as a solvent for Canada bal- cera xylosteum. It is purgative and emetic, 
sam. It has been used in small-pox. Dose 3 to 10 xylostyptic ether (zi-lo-slip'-tik). Styptic col- 
minims, lodion. 

xyloma {zi-W -main) \%\J\ov, wood; -o/za, tumor]. A xylotherapy (zi-lo-ther'-a-pe) [i-v\ov, wood; depairtia, 

woody tumor found on trees or plants. therapy]. Medical treatment by the application of 

xylon (zi'-lon) . [£i>Xoj\ wood]. 1. Wood. 2. The certain woods, 

cotton plant. 3. A substance identical with wood- xyol (zi'-ol). Trade name of a preparation of 

cellulose. green soap and formaldehyde. 

xylonite (zi'-lon-lt) [£v\ov, wood]. Celluloid. xysma (ziz'-mdh) [£v<rna, scrapings]. The floccu- 

xylose (zi'-los) [£v\ov, wood], C5H10O5. A glucose lent pseudomembrane sometimes seen in the stools 

obtained by boiling wood gum (beechwood, jute, in diarrhea, 

etc.) with dilute acids. xyster (zis'-ter) [tvarvp, a rasp]. A surgeon's raspa- 

xylostein {zi-los'-te-in) [£vKov, wood; oarkov, bone], tory or scraping instrument. 



Yaba bark. The bark of Andira excelsa. 

yabine (yab'-en). An amorphous bitter alkaloid 
obtained from the bark of Andira excelsa. 

YakimofF s test (yah'-kem-off). For atoxyl: a little 
atoxyl is warmed in a test-tube; the faintest trace of a 
yellow discoloration denotes impurity. 

yam. The esculent root of several varieties of 
Dioscorea; also, incorrectly, a coarse variety of the 
sweet potato, wild y. See dioscorea. 

y.-angle. The angle between the radius fixus and 
■a line joining the lambda and the inion. 

yaourt (yowrt) [Turk.]. An oriental fermented 
drink prepared from milk. 

yard. i. A measure used in the United States and 
in England, equal to three feet. 2. The penis. 

yard-sitting, in massage, sitting with the arms 
stretched out laterally and horizontally. 

yarrow (ya'-ro). See Achillea. 

yava-skin (yah'-vah-skin). Same as elephantiasis, 
q. V. 

yawey. Affected with yaws. 

yawn [AS., ganian, to yawn]. To gape, to open 
the mouth widely. 

yawning (yaw'-ning). An involuntary stretching 
of the muscles accompanied by a deep inspiration, 
occurring during the drowsy state preceding the onset 
of sleep. 

yaw-root. Stillingia. 

yaws (yawz). See frambesia. 

Yb. The chemical symbol of ytterbium. 

Y.-cartilage. The cartilage occupying the tri- 
radiate fissure in the immature socket of the hip- 
joint. 

yeast (yest) [AS., gist]. The name applied to vari- 
ous species of Saccharomyces. Yeast acts as a fer- 
ment, producing the alcoholic fermentation, y., 
beer-, y., brewer's, the cerevisice fermentum of the B. 
P., produced by Saccharomyces cerevisice. It is used 
as a stimulant and locally as a poultice and deodorant 
to gangrenous ulcers, y. -poultice (cataplasma fer- 
menti, B. P.), a poultice containing yeast. 

yelk. See yolk. 

yellow (yel'-o) [AS., geolo]. Of a color like that of 
gold; producing such a color, y. fever, an acute in- 
fectious disease of tropical and subtropical regions of 
America, and due to a specific organism, probably a 
protozoon, disseminated by the Stegomyia fasciata. 
After a period of incubation varying from a few hours 
to several days the disease begins with a chill and 
pain in the head, back, and limbs. The temperature 
rises rapidly to from 103 to 105° F., vomiting occurs, 
the bowels are constipated, the urine scanty and al- 
buminous. A remission follows, after which, in 
severe cases, the temperature rises to its original 
height, jaundice develops, and the vomited material 
becomes dark from the presence of blood {black vomit). 
Hemorrhages may occur from the intestinal mucous 
membrane. The disease is very fatal, death occur- 
ring in the typhoid state or from uremia, y.-jack. 
Same as yellow fever, y. precipitate, yellow oxide of 
mercury. y.-root. See hydrastis. y.-softening. 
Cerebral softening with yellow discoloration, y. 
spot, the macula lutea. y. wash. See wash, yellow. 

yerba (yer'-bah). An herb. y. sagrada, Lantana 
braziliensis; it is antipyretic, y. santa. See erio- 
dictyon. 

yerbine (yer'-ben) [Sp., yerba, herb]. An alka- 
loid resembling caffeine, derived from Ilex paraguay- 
ensis. 

Yersin Roux serum (yer-san') [Alexandre Yersin, 



French surgeon, 1863- ]. A prophylactic and cura- 
tive serum used in the treatment of plague. 

-yl [v\ri, matter, stuff]. A termination used in 
chemistry to denote a radical. 

-ylene. A termination used in chemistry to denote 
a bivalent hydrocarbon radical. 

Y ligament. The iliofemoral ligament. 

yohimbe bark (yo-him'-ba). The bark of Cory- 
nanthe yohimbe, a tree of the Cameroon region. 

yohimbine (yo-him'-ben). A mixture of alkaloids 
from the bark of Corynanthe yohimbe, used as an 
aphrodisiac. Dose of the hydrochloride ^^j— ^ gr. 
(0.0032-0.01 Gm.) 3 times daily; and as a local anes- 
thetic in 1% solution. 

yoke-bone. The malar bone. 

yolk (yok). 1. The nutritive part of an ovum. 2. 
The yellow portion of an egg as distinguished from 
the white, y.-cells or y.-granules, the elements 
composing the yolk, y.-food. See deutoplasm. y., 
formative, the active living portion of the proto- 
plasm of aa ovum, with the nucleus it incloses, y.- 
sac, the larger of the two globes formed by the blas- 
todermic membrane in the early development of the 
embryo, and containing the food of the embryo, y.- 
stalk, the umbilical duct. y. of wool, suint. 

Young-Helmholtz theory of color-vision [Thomas 
Young, English physicist, 1773-1829; Hermann Lud- 
wig Ferdinand Helmholtz, German physicist, 1821- 
1894]. Color-vision depends upon the presence in the 
retina of three different sets of fibers, which respond 
to stimulation by a sensation of red, green, or violet 
respectively. All other colors are simply combina- 
tions of the three primary colors. The excitation of 
any one set is a matter of wave-length. The longest 
waves excite the red, the shortest the violet, and those 
of intermediate length the green fibers. 

Young's rule [Thomas Young, English physicist, 
1773-1829]. A rule of dosage in children. The 
dose is obtained by adding 12 to the age and dividing 
the result by the age, and making the quotient the 
denominator of a fraction the numerator of which is 1. 
The fraction represents the proportion of the adult 
dose to be given to the child. 

youth (iith). The period between childhood and 
maturity. 

Ys. Abbreviation for the yellow spot of the retina. 

Yt. Chemical symbol of yttrium. 

ytterbium iit-tur'-be-um) [Ytterby, in Sweden]. A 
rare metal, having the symbol Yb, and atomic weight 
172. 

yttria {it'-re-ah). Yttrium oxide. 

yttrium (it'-re-um) [Ytterby, in Sweden]. A rare 
metallic element. Symbol Yt, atomic weight 89. 

Yucca (yuk'-ah) [Am. Ind.]. A genus of liliaceous 
plants. Y. filamentosa, Adam's needle, of the south- 
ern United States, is diuretic; its tincture is employed 
in urethritis. 

Yvon's coefficient (e-vorn(g)) [Paul Yvon, French 
physician]. The ratio existing between the amount 
of urea and the phosphates in the urine, represented 
by|. Y'stest. 1. For acetanilide in urine : extract with 
chloroform and then heat the residue with mercurous 
nitrate; a green color denotes the presence of acetani- 
lide. 2. For alkaloids: add a mixture of bismuth 
subnitrate, potassium iodide, hydrochloric acid, and 
water, to the suspected solution; a red color denotes 
the presence of an alkaloid. 

Yzquierdo's bacillus (ez-ke-ar'-do) [Vincente Yz- 
quierdo, histologist in Santiago, Chile]. A bacillus 
which is supposed to be the cause of Verruga peruana, 
or Carrion's disease. 



zacatilla (zak-ah-teeV-yah). The best quality of 
cochineal. 

Zaglas' ligament {tsah-glah'). The portion of the 
posterior sacroiliac ligament that extends from the 
posterior superior spinous process of the ilium down- 
ward to the side of the sacrum. Z.'s perpendicular 
external muscle, the vertical fibers of the tongue, 
which, decussating with the transverse fibers and the 
insertions of the geniohyoglossus, curve outward in 
each half of the tongue. 

Zahn's ribs. The whitish, transverse markings 
often formed on the surface of a thrombus by the 
extremities of the columns of blood-platelets and 
leukocytes. 

zakavaska. The name given in Russia to the 
grains used as a ferment to produce kephir or kumiss. 

(von) Zaleski's hepatin. See ferratin, Schmiede- 
berg's. Z.'s test for CO in the blood, add to 2 Cc. of 
the blood to be tested an equal volume of water and 
three drops of a one-third saturated copper sulphate 
solution. In the presence of carbon monoxide a 
brick-red precipitate is obtained, while normal blood 
gives a greenish-brown precipitate. 

Zambesi ulcer (zam-be'-ze) [Zambesi, river in 
East Africa]. An ulcer occurring on the foot or 
leg, found only in laborers near the Zambesi river, 
and supposed to be due to a spirillum. 

zanaloin (zan-al'-o-in) [Zanzibar; aloin]. The 
aloin derived from Zanzibar aloes ; said to be the same 
as socaloin. 

Zander's system (Jtsan'-der) [Jonas Gustaf Zander, 
Swedish physician, 1835- ]. Passive movement 
by means of special apparatus. 

Zang's space [Christoph Bonifacius Zang, Ger- 
man surgeon, 1772-1835]. The space between the 
two tendons of origin of the sternomastoid in the 
supraclavicular fossa. 

zanol (zan'-ol). Trade name of a preparation con- 
taining sodium-caffeine salicylate; it-is said to be a 
diuretic and to have vasomotor properties. 

zanzolin (zan f -zo-lin). A proprietary mixture of 
pyrethrum flowers, Chrysanthemum coronopifolium, 
and valerian root, Valeriana officinalis, used to com- 
bat mosquitoes. 

Zappert's chamber or cell (tsap'-pert) [Julius Zap- 
pert, Austrian physician, 1867- ]. A chamber for 
counting blood corpuscles, like Thoma's cell. 

zarathan (tsar-ath'-an). Scirrhous hardening of 
the breast. 

zea ize'-ah) [fea, a sort of grain]. A genus of 
grasses. The fresh styles and stigmas of Z. mays, 
maize, Indian corn, constitute the zea of the U. S. P. 
It has been used as a diuretic in cystitis, gonorrhea, 
and cardiac dropsy. 

zean (ze'-an) [zea]. A highly concentrated fluid 
extract of corn-silk; a diuretic and urinary antiseptic. 

zedoary (zed'-o-a-re). The rhizome of several spe- 
cies of Curcuma. It resembles ginger, but is less 
agreeable and is seldom used in medicine. 

zein (tse'-in) [zea]. A yellowish, soft, insipid pro- 
tein obtained from maize. 

Zeisel's test for colchicine (Jtsi'-zel). Dissolve the 
suspected substance in hydrochloric acid, then boil 
with ferric chloride, and shake with chloroform; 
a brown or dark red precipitate indicates the presence 
of colchicine. 

zeism {tse'-ism) [zea]. Pellagra. 

zeismus (ze-iz'-mus) [zea]. Pellagra (believed by 
some to be due to a diet of maize). 

Zeiss' glands (tsis). See Zeissian glands. 

Zeissian glands. The sebaceous glands of the eye- 
lashes. Z. sty, hordeolum externum; a sty produced 
by suppuration of one of the Zeissian glands. 

Zeller's test for melanin in urine. Treat the 
urine with bromine water, and in the presence of 
melanin a yellow precipitate is formed which gradually 
changes to black. 

Zellner's test-paper. Prepare by applying the 



coloring-matter employed as indicator, say fluorescein 
in solution, upon an underground, for which a 
neutral black coloring-matter is used. The fluores- 
cein shows the minutest traces of alkali by a greenish 
color. 

zelotypia (ze-lo-tip'-e-ah) [f^Xop, zeal; Tvirreiv, to 
strike]. Morbid or monomaniacal zeal in any 
pursuit. 

zematol (zem'-at-ol). A proprietary ointment said 
to contain oil of betula, zinc oxide and ichthyol. 

zematone (zem'-at-on). A proprietary remedy for 
asthma said to consist of extractives of Datura 
stramonium, Hyoscyamus niger, each, 8 parts; 
Grindelia robusta, 15 parts; Solanum nigrum, 4 parts; 
Atropa belladonna, 6 parts; white agaric, 5 parts; 
poppy capsules, 5 parts; and potassium nitrate, 22 
parts. 

Zenker's crystals (zeng'-ker) [Friedrich Albert 
Zenker, German pathologist, 1825-1898]. See Char- 
cot's crystals. Z.'s degeneration, Z.'s disease of 
muscles, waxy or hyaline degeneration of muscles- 
occurring in acute infectious diseases, especially in 
typhoid fever. Z.'s paralysis, paresis and disturbance 
of sensation in the lower extremities, the external 
popliteal nerve being most involved ; it is caused by 
frequent and prolonged kneeling or squatting. 
Z.'s solution, a fixing agent, containing mercuric 
chloride 5t potassium bichromate 2.5, sodium sul- 
phate 1, and water 100. 

Zenkerism {zeng'-ker -ism) [see Zenker's degenera- 
tion]. The condition of Zenker's degeneration. 

zeoscope (ze'-o-skop) [{eeiv, to boil; VKoirelv, to 
view]. An apparatus for determining the alcoholic 
strength of a liquid by means of its boiling-point. 

zero (ze'-ro). 1. Any character denoting absence 
of quantity. 2. The point from which thermometers 
are graduated. 

zerumbet (ze-rum'-bet) [E. Ind.]. An E. Indian 
drug or spice, by some asserted to be the same as 
cassimuniar; probably the rhizome of Zingiber 
zerumbet. It iesembles ginger; little used. 

zestocausis (zes-to-kaw'-sis) [f«<rr6s, boiling; icav<ru, 
a burning]. Cauterization with an instrument 
heated by steam; atmocausis. 

zestocautery (zes-to-kaw'-ter-e). A double-chan- 
neled intrauterine catheter, the outer unfenestrated 
tube of which is heated by steam and acts as a cautery. 

zibet (zib'-et). A variety of civet produced by 
Viverra zibetha, an animal of South and East Asia. 
It was formerly used as a substitute for musk. 

Ziehl-Neelsen method {tseV-nel'-sen) [Franz 
Ziehl, German bacteriologist; Friedrich Carl Adolf 
Neelsen, German pathologist, 1854-1804]. A method 
of staining tubercle bacilli with Ziehl's solution. 

Ziehl's solution (tsel) [Franz Ziehl, German 
bacteriologist]. A fluid employed to stain (lepra 
and) tubercle bacilli. It consists of a 5 % aqueous 
solution of phenol, with one-tenth its volume of a 
saturated alcoholic solution of fuchsin. Heat the 
specimen in this for three minutes, and the entire 
specimen will be stained red. Decolorize with 20 or 
30 % of nitric acid, and the tubercle bacilli alone 
will retain the stain. 

Ziemssen's motor points (tsem'-sen) [Hugo yon 
Ziemssen, German physician, 1829-1902]. Points 
of election in electrization of muscles; they corre- 
spond to the places s of entrance of the motor nerves 
into the muscles. 

zimb (zim) [Ar. zimb, a fly]. A gadfly of the 
genus Pangonia, found in East Africa; it bites man 
and beast and is believed to transmit disease. 

Zimmerlin's type of progressive muscular atrophy 
(tsim'-mer-lin) [Franz Zimmerlin, Swiss physician]. 
The scapulohumeral type, distinguished from Erb's 
type by the absence of secondary lipomatosis. 

Zimmermann's corpuscles, or granules (tsim'-mer- 
man) TKarl Wilhelm Zimmermann. German histolo- 
gist, 1 86 1- ]. See Bizzozero's blood-platelets. 



ZIMMERMAN'S DECOCTION 



959 



ZOISM 



z,immermann's decoction. A decoction made of 
rhubarb 30 grains, potassium bitartrate 4 drams, 
barley 4 drams, and water 16 ounces; it is sweetened 
with syrup and used as a cathartic. 

zimphen (zim'-fen). Sodium metaoxycyanocin- 
namate; used as a gastro-intestinal stimulant and 
tonic in 5 to 10 grain doses (0.33-0.66). 

zinc, zincum. A bluish-white metal (zincum, U. 
S. P.) having a specific gravity of 7.12, an atomic 
weight of 65.37. and a valence of 2. Symbol, Zn. 
In nature it occurs in two principal forms, as a sul- 
phide, called blende, and as a carbonate and silicate, 
termed calamine. When melted and poured into 
water it becomes granular (zincum granulatum, B. 
P.). Zinc is used to prepare zinc sulphate and zinc 
chloride, and for generating hydrogen. The com- 
pounds of zinc are poisonous, and the slow ingestion 
of it produces a chronic intoxication resembling, 
but less severe than, that produced by lead. z. 
acetate (zinci acetas, U. S. P., B. P.), Zn(C2Hs02)2.- 
2H2O, is used locally in ophthalmia and gonorrhea 
in solutions of from 1-2 gr. to the oz. (0.065-0.13 
Gm. to 30 Cc.) of water, z. bromide (zinci bromi- 
dum, U. S. P.), ZnBr 2 , has been used in epilepsy. 
Dose 1-2 gr. (0.065-0.13 Gm.). z., butter of. See 
zinc chloride, z. carbolate, a white, antiseptic 
powder, slightly soluble in water or alcohol; used as 
a surgical dusting-powder, z. carbonate, precipi- 
tated (zinci carbonas prcecipitatus, U. S. P.; zinci 
carbonas, B. P.) is used generally in the form of 
prepared calamine, as a dusting-powder on excoriated 
surfaces, or in the form of a cerate, z. chloride 
(zinci chloridum, U. S. P., B. P.), ZnCl 2 , is used 
chiefly as an escharotic in carcinoma and spreading 
ulcers, as an injection in gonorrhea, and as an astrin- 
gent in conjunctivitis. It is also employed as a 
disinfectant and for preserving anatomical prepara- 
tions, z. chloride, solution of (liquor zinci chloridi, 
U. S. P., B. P.), used as disinfectant and preservative. 
Burnett's disinfecting fluid is a solution of zinc 
chloride, z., flowers of, zinc oxide, z. iodide 
(zinci iodidum, U. S. P.), Znb, has been used in 
chorea, scrofula, and hysteria, and locally as an 
astringent, like the chloride. Dose |-2 gr. (0.032- 
0.13 Gm.). z. oxide {zinci oxidum, U. S. P., B. P.), 
ZnO, is an amorphous white powder, and is used 
internally in chorea, epilepsy, whooping-cough, 
and gastrointestinal catarrh; locally, as a desiccant 
to excoriated surfaces, in the form of powder or 
ointment. Dose 2-8 gr. (0.13-0.52 Gm.). z. oxide, 
ointment of (unguentum zinci oxidi, U. S. P. ; unguen- 
tum zinci, B. P.), an ointment composed of zinc 
oxide and benzoinated lard. z. permanganate, 
Zn(Mn04)2+6H20, used in aqueous solution (1 : 4000) 
as injection in gonorrhea and in 1 : 1000 or 2 : 1000 
solution as eye-lotion. It is incompatible with all 
combustible or easily oxidizable substances, z. 
phenolsulphonate (zinci phenolsulphonas, U. S. P.), 
Zn(C6H 5 04S)2+8H20, used as an antiseptic and 
astringent. Dose 2 gr. (0.13 Gm.). z. stearate 
(zinci stearas, U. S. P.), a very fine white powder, 
tasteless, and having a slight odor, resembling that 
of fat. z. sulphate (zinci sulphas, U. S. P., B. P.), 
ZnS04+7H20, white vitriol, is tonic, astringent, 
and emetic. It is used in gastric catarrh, as an 
emetic, and locally in ophthalmia, gonorrhea, leukor- 
rhea, and as a caustic in cases of ulcer, condyloma, etc. 
In overdoses it is a gastrointestinal irritant. Dose 
£-£ gr. (0.016-0.032 Gm.); as an emetic, 10-30 gr. 
(0.65-2.0 Gm.). z. valerate (zinci valeras, U. S. P.)' 
Zn(C5H 3 02)2 . 2H2O, is used in neuralgia, epilepsy, 
hysteria, and diabetes insipidus. Dose 1-2 gr. 
(0.065-0.13 Gm.). z.-white, zinc oxide. 
zinci (zin'-ki). Genitive of zincum. 
zincoid (zin'-koid) [zincum; eldos, form]. 1. Re- 
sembling zinc. 2. The positive plate in a battery. 
zincum (zin'-kum). See zinc. 

zingiber (zin'-jib-er) [{iyyL0epis, ginger]. Ginger, 
a genus of plants of the Zingiber acece. The rhizome 
of Z. officinale is the zingiber of the U. S. P. ; it con- 
tains a volatile oil, and is used as a stimulant and 
carminative in dyspepsia, flatulence, and intestinal 
atony; externally it is rubefacient. Dose 10-20 gr. 
(0.65-1.3 Gm.). zingiberis, fluidextractum (U. S. 
P.), fluidextract of ginger. Dose 10-20 min. (0.65- 
1.3 Cc). zingiberis, oleoresina (U. S. P.), oleoresin 
of ginger. Dose £ grain (0.030 Gm.). zingiberis, 
syrupus (U. S. P., B. P.), syrup of ginger. Dose 
4 dr. (16 Cc). zingiberis, tinctura (U. S. P., B. P.), 
tincture of ginger. Dose 30 minims (2 Cc). Ginger 



also enters into the composition of pulvis aromaticus 
(U. S. P.), pulvis cinnamomi compositus (B. P.), 
pulvis rhei compositus (U. S. P., B. P.), and fluid- 
extractum aromaticum (U. S. P.). 

zingiberin (zin-jib'-er-in). The oleoresin of ginger. 

Zinn's artery (tsin) [Johan Gottfried Zinn, German 
anatomist, 1727-1759]. The central artery of the 
retina. Z.'s circle, the plexus formed by small 
branches of the ciliary arteries within the fibrous 
layer of the sclera at the entrance of the optic nerve. 
Z.'s ligament. See Z.'s ring. Z.'s membrane, the 
anterior layer of the iris. Z.'s ring, Z.'s tendon, 
the -circular fibrous sheath formed by the common 
tendon of the internal, external, and inferior rectus 
muscles. Z.'s zonula, Z.'s zonule, zonula ciliaris, 
the suspensory ligament of the crystalline lens. 
It is a thin, transparent membrane covering the 
ciliary processes and extending to the anterior 
capsule. A portion lies above the processes in folds, 
that covering the process being smooth. 

zinol (zi'-nol). A mixture of zinc acetate and 
aluminol; used in solution in gonorrhea. 

Zionist (zi'-on-ist). A follower of the faith-healer, 
Dowie. 

zirconia (zir-ko'-ne-ah). Zirconium oxide, ZrC>2. 

zirconium (zir-ko'-ne-um) [Pers. zargun, gold- 
colored]. A metallic element (symbol Zr; atomic 
weight 90.6), resembling titanium and silicon, and 
soluble in aqua regia and hydrofluoric acid. It is 
obtained from a mineral called zircon. 

Zittmann's decoction (tsit'-man) [Johann Friedrich 
Zittmann, German physician, 1671-1757]- A drink 
used in old, obstinate cases of syphilis. It consists of 
sarsaparilla, 12^ oz.; water, 325 troy oz.; alum and 
sugar, each, 6 dr.; anise and fennel, each, 4 dr.; 
senna, 3 oz.; licorice root, \\ oz. 

Zn. The chemical symbol for zinc. 

zoamylin (zo-am'-il-in) [fwi7, life; amylum, starch]. 
Glycogen. 

zoanthropy (zo-an'-thro-pe) [{wov, animal; avdpojiros, 
a man]. A form of insanity in which the person 
imagines himself transformed into or inhabited by 
an animal. 

zoarium (zo-ar'-e-um) [faapiov, dim. of £uov, an 
animal: pi., zoaria]. In biology, the composite 
structure formed by repeated gemination in the 
Polyzoa. 

zodiophilous (zo-de-off'-il-us) [ZuSiov, dim. of {wov, 
animal; <pt\eli>, to love]. In biology applied to 
plants which are frequented by animals and pollinated 
by their agency. 

Zoellner's lines (tsel'-ner) [Johann Karl Friedrich 
Zoellner, German physicist, 1834-1882]. A device 




Zoellner's Lines. 

to illustrate false estimates of direction or paral- 
lelism by intersecting lines crossing parallel lines at a 
certain angle. 

zoescope (zo-e-skop) . See stroboscope. 

zoetic (zo-et'-ik) [fwifr, life]. Vital, pertaining to 
life. 

zoetrope (zo'-e-trop) [fwi7, life; rpkireiv, to turn]. 
A stroboscope. 

zoiatria (zo-e-a'-ire-ah) [%u>ov, animal; larpos, physi- 
cian or surgeon]. The art and science of veterinary 
surgery. 

zoiatrics (zo-i-at'-riks). See zoiatria. 

zoic (zo'-ik) [fwtKos, of animals]. In biology, of or 
pertaining to living organisms; relating especially 
to animal life. 

zoism (zo'-izm) [fo^, life]. The doctrine or theory 



ZOMAKYNE 



960 



ZOOPSYCHOLOGY 



that life is the manifestation of the operations of a 
peculiar vital principle; the doctrine of vital force. 

zomakyne (zo'-mak-in). A proprietary anti- 
pyretic substance. 

zomol (zo'-mol) [f«/*6s, meat-juice]. The plasma 
of raw beef. Evaporated to dryness it is used as a 
concentrated food. Dose 150 gr. (10 Gm.) daily. 

zomotherapy (zo-mo-ther'-ap-e) [fw/uos, meat-juice; 
depairda, therapy]. Treatment of tuberculosis by 
means of a raw meat diet; the meat, finely hashed or 
scraped, is given in daily doses of 6 oz. (200 Gm.) 
with soup, etc. 

zona (zo'-nah) [L.]. 1. A belt or girdle. 2. .See 
herpes zoster, z. arcuata, the inner zone of the 
basilar membrane, extending from the lower edge 
of the spiral groove of the cochlea to the external 
edge of the base of the outer rods of Corti. z. carti- 
laginea, the limbus of the spiral lamina, z. ciliaris, 
the ciliary processes collectively, z. denticulata, 
the inner zone of the basilar membrane, together with 
the limbus of the spiral lamina, z. fasciculata, the 
central portion of the cortex of the suprarenal capsule, 
composed of tube-like transverse bands, z. glomer- 
ulosa, a part of the cortical portion of the supra- 
renal capsule, having a net-like appearance on section, 
situated near the surface of the organ, z. incerta, 
the anterior portion of the reticular formation under 
the optic thalamus, z. ophthalmica, herpes zoster 
along the course of the ophthalmic division of the 
fifth nerve, z. orbicularis, a thickening of the 
capsular ligament around the acetabulum, z. peo 
tinata, the outer portion of the basilar membrane, 
extending from the rods of Corti to the spiral liga- 
ment, z. pellucida, the thick, solid, elastic envelope 
of the ovum, corresponding to the cell-wall of a cell. 
Syn., vitelline membrane. z. perforata, the lower 
edge of the spiral groove of the cochlea, z. tecta, 
the inner poition of the basilar membrane, bearing 
the organ of Corti. z. terminalis. See terma. 

zonal (zo'-nal) [zona, zone]. Pertaining to a zone, 
or to the disease called zona or to a girdle or to a 
band-like structure. 

zonary (zo'-nar-e) [zona, zone]. Characterized by, 
or pertaining to a zone. z. placenta, a placenta 
which occupies a broad band around the chorion; 
found in carnivora. 

zonate {zo'-nat) [zona]. Marked with concentric 
bands. 

zone (zon). See zona, z., cornuradicular, the 
external part of Burdach's column, abutting on the 
middle third of the internal border of the posterior 
horn, and representing approximately the posterior 
root-zone, z., entry, the parts along the posterior 
horns of gray matter of the spinal cord where the 
posterior roots enter the cord, z., hypnogenous, an 
area or tract, pressure upon which induces sleep. 
z., hysterogenous, a region, as the ovarian or sub- 
mammary region, where pressure in hysterical women 
calls forth an hysterical attack, z., neogenic, the sub- 
capsular layer of the kidney, so-called because it is 
the one in which the most active processes are going 
on. z., radiary, a layer in the cortical gray matter 
of the brain characterized by radiating nerve-fibers. 
z., sclerotic, a condition occurring in iritis, marked 
by a ring of anastomoses of deep conjunctival vessels 
around the periphery of -the cornea, which perforate 
the sclerotic and anastomose with those of the iris 
and choroid, z. supra-radiary, the layer of cortex 
immediately above the radiary zone. 

zonesthesia, zoneesthesia {zon-es-lhe'-ze-ah). See 
girdle-pain. 

zonular (zon'-u-lar) [zonule]. Pertaining to or in 
the shape of a zone or band. z. cataract, a cataract 
forming alternate layers. 

zonule (zon'-ul) [zonula, a little zone]. A small 
band. z. of Zinn. See Zinn's zonula, z. ciliaris. 
See Zinn's zonula. 

zonulitis (zon-u-W -lis) . Inflammation of Zinn's 
zonule. 

zoo- (zo-o-) [£<bov, an animal]. A prefix meaning 
animal or pertaining to an animal. 

zooamilin izo-o-am' -il-in) [zoo-; amylum, starch]. 
Glycogen, amyloid. 

zooamylon (zo-o-am'-il-on) [zoo-; amylum, starch]. 
The. ternary substance allied to starch and glycogen 
found in the cytoplasm of certain sporozoa. 

zoobiology (zo-o-bi-ol'-o-je) [zoo-; biology]. Animal 
biology. 

zoobiotism {zo-o-W -ot-izm) [faxw, animal; /Stos, 
life]. Same as biotics. 



zooblast (zo'-o-blast) [£&ov, animal; /3X<xo-t6s, germ]. 
An animal cell. 

zobchemia, zoochemistry (zo-o-ke'-me-ah, zo-o- 
kem'-is-tre) [zoo-; xvneia, chemistry]. The chemistry 
of animal life and tissues. 

zoocyst {zo'-o-sist) [zoo-; kvvtis, cell]. A variety 
of encysted rhizopods resembling a sporocyst, 
except in the thickness and number of the protective 
layers. 

zoocytium (zo-o-sit'-e-um) [zoo-; kvtos, cavity]. 
The gelatinous matrix secreted by certain infusoria.. 

zoodermic (zo-o-der'-mik). Pertaining to or taken 
from the skin of some animal other than man; applied 
to a form of skin-grafting. 

zoodynamics \zo-o-di-nam' -iks) [zoo-; 6wa/ws r 
power]. Animal physiology. 

zoogamete (zo-o-gam'-et) [£u>oi>, animal; yaturri, 
a wife]. In biology, a gamete or sexual spore en- 
dowed with the power of locomotion. 

zoogamy (zo-og'-am-e) [£<bov, animal; yap.os, mar- 
riage]. In biology, the sexual generation of animals;: 
copulation, conjugation, mating. 

zoogenesis (zo-o-jen'-es-is) [zoo-; yevva.v, to beget]. 
The generation of animal forms. 

zoogenous (zo-oj'-en-us) [see zoogenesis]. De- 
veloped or derived from animals. 

zooglea, zooglcea (zo-og'-le-ah) [zoo-; 7X0165, a sticky 
substance]. A stage in the life-history of certain, 
bacteria in which they lie embedded in a gelatinous 
matrix. 

zoogonia (zo-o-gon'-e-ah) [t&ov, animal; ywvri, gen- 
eration]. Viviparous generation. 

zoograft {zo'-o-graft) [zoo-; graft], A graft of tissue 
derived from an animal. v 

zoografting (zo'-o-graft-ing) [see zoograft]. Grafting 
with tissue taken from the lower animals. 

zoography {zo-og'-ra-fe) [£uov, animal; ypaxfreiv, to 
write]. A descriptive treatise on the distribution 
of animals. 

zooid (zo'-oid) [Ja>oi>, animal; tlSos, form]. 1. Ani- 
mal-like, resembling an animal. 2. A zoophyte. 
3. An animal cell which can exist or move inde- 
pendently. 

zoolak (zoo'-lak) . A commercial name for matzoon. 

zoolite, zoolith {zo'-ol-lt, -ith) [fwcn>, animal; \Ldos, 
stone]. A fossil animal, or any part of it. 

zoology (zo-ol'-o-je) [zoo-; X670S, a treatise]. That 
branch of biology treating of the form, nature, and 
classification of animals. 

zoomagnetism (zo-o-mag' -net-izm) . Animal mag- 
netism. 

zoometry (zo-om'-et-re) [S&ov, animal; p-erpov, 
measure]. The measurement of the proportionate 
lengths or sizes of the parts of animals. 

zoonite (zo'-on-ite) [$u>ov, animal]. In biology, 
one of the segments or somites, metameres, or arthro- 
meres of which an articulate animal is composed. 

zoonomia, zoonomy (zo-o-no'-me-ah, zo-on'-o-me) 
[zoo-; vofios, law]. The principles or laws of animal 
life; zoobiology. 

zooparasite (zo-o-par'-as-U) [zoo-; parasite]. An 
animal parasite. 

zoopathology (zo-o-path-ol'-o-je) [zoo-; pathology]. 
The science of the diseases of animals. 

zoopery (zo-op'-er-e) [fwcw, an animal; ireipatLP, 
to experiment]. Experimentation upon animals. 

zoophagous (zo-of'-ag-us) [zoo-; <pa.yelv, to eat]. 
Subsisting on animal food. 

zoopharmacology (zo-o-far-ma-kol'-o-je) [$<hov, ani- 
mal; pharmacology]. Veterinary pharmacology. 

zoophilism {zo-of -il-izm) [$5>ov, animal; <pi\elv, to 
love]. The love of animals; it is usually inmoderate, 
and toward certain animals, illustrated in the fanati- 
cism of antivivisection. 

zoophobia (zo-o-fo'-be-ah) [zoo-; <j>6(ios, fear]. Mor- 
bid dread of certain animals. 

zoophysiology (zo-o-fiz-e-ol'-o-je) [faxw, animal; 
physiology]. Animal physiology. 

zoophyte (zo'-o-fit) [zoo-; <I>vt6v, a plant]. A mem- 
ber of the lower invertebrates. 

zooplasty (zo'-o-plas-te) [t&ov, animal; irKaofftiv, 
to form]. The surgical transfer of zoografts; the 
transplantation of tissue from any of the lower 
animals to man. 

zoopsia (zo-op'-se-ah) [fwop, animal; oi^is, a vision]. 
The seeing of animals, as an illusion or as an hallu- 
cination or in a dream. 

zoopsychology (zo-o-si-kol'-o-je) [t&ov, animal; 
\pvxv, soul, mind; X670S, science]. The science of 
the mental activities of lower animals. 



ZOOSCOPY 



961 



ZYMOPLASTIC 



zooscopy (zo-os'-ko-pe) [fwof, animal; aicoweZv, 
to see]. The hallucinatory appearance of animal 
forms. 

zoosperm (zo'-o-sperm). See spermatozoon. 

zoospore {zo'-o-spor) [zoo-; <rw6pos, seed]. A 
motile spore. 

zootechnics, zootechny (zo-o-tek'-niks, zo'-o-tek-ne) 
[faw, animal; rkxvv, art]. The science of breeding 
and domesticating animals. 

zootherapy (zo-o-ther'-a-pe) [{&ov, animal; OepaireLa, 
therapy]. Veterinary therapeutics. 

zootomist {zo-ot' -o-mist) [zoo-; toutj, a cutting]. 
One who dissects animals; a comparative anatomist. 

zootomy (zo-ot'-o-me) [see zootomist]. The dis- 
section of animals. 

zootoxin (zo-o-tok'-siri) [t&ov, animal; to^ikov, 
poison]. A toxin or poison of animal origin. 

zoo trophic (zo-o-trof'-ik) [£6)ov, animal; rpkfaiv, 
to nourish]. Pertaining to animal alimentation. 

zootrophotoxism (zo-o-trof-o-toks'-izm) [zoo-; rpo4>n, 
nourishment; to^kov, poison]. Poisoning with in- 
fected animal food, z., gastric, z., intestinal, that 
occurring through ingestion of spoiled flesh, milk, 
or cheese, and marked by cholera nostras, colic, 
diarrhea, fever, cramps, progressing to collapse and 
cyanosis, z., tropeinic, due to ingestion of poisonous 
sausage and salted fish, accompanied by symptoms 
similar to those of tropeinism. 

zoster (zos'-ter) [fwo-rifa, a girdle]. An acute 
inflammatory painful disease, consisting of grouped 
vesicles corresponding in distribution to the course 
of the cutaneous nerves. See herpes zoster, z. 
auricularis, a form affecting the ear. z. brachialis, 
a form affecting the arm or forearm, z. ophthalmicus, 
an eruption in the course of the ophthalmic division 
of the fifth nerve. 

zosteriform (zos-ter'-if-orm). Resembling zoster. 

Zouchlos' test for albumin. A reagent consisting 
of io % of potassium sulphocyanide solution and 
20 parts of acetic acid, added drop by drop to an 
albumin solution, produces a marked cloudiness. 

Zr. Chemical symbol of zirconium. 

Zuckerkandl's convolution (tsook'-er-kan-dl) {Emil 
Zuckerkandl, Austrian anatomist, 1849-1910]. The 
gyrus subcallosus; the peduncle of the callosum; 
it is located in the mesal aspect of the cerebrum 
and extends from the chiasm to the rostrum. Z.'s 
dehiscences, small gaps sometimes existing in the 
papyraceous lamina of the ethmoid bone, and 
bringing the lining membrane of the latter in contact 
with the dura. They are not pathological. Z.'s 
vein, a small branch of the ethmoid veins through 
which the veins of the lateral wall of the nose com- 
municate with the cerebral veins. 

Zwanck's pessary (Jtswank'). A pessary with two 
wings. 

Zwenger's test for cholesterin. See Liebermann- 
Buchard's test. 

zygal (zi'-gal) [£vy6v, a yoke]. Yoked; applied to 
cerebral fissures consisting of two pairs of branches 
connected by a stem. 

zygapophysis (zi-gap-of'-is-is) [zygon; apophysis]. 
The articular process of a vertebra. 

zygion (zij'-e-on). A craniometric point at either 
end of the zygomatic diameter. 

zygolabialis {zi-go-la-be-a'-lis) [zygon; labium, a 
lip]. The zygomaticus minor. See under muscle. 

zygoma (zi-go'-mah) [$vyoip.a., the cheek-bone]. 

1. The arch formed by the union of the zygomatic 
process of the temporal bone and the malar bone. 

2. The malar bone. 

zygomatic (zi-go-mat'-ik) [zygoma]. Pertaining to 
the zygoma, z. arch, the zygoma. 

zygomatico- (zi-go-mat-ik-o-) [zygoma], A prefix 
meaning relating to the zygoma. 

zygomaticoangularis (zi-go-mat-ik-o-an-gu-lar'-is) . 
Pertaining to the zygoma and the angle of the eye. 

zygomaticoauricular {zi-go-mat-ik-o-aw-rik' -u-lar) 
[zygomatico-; auricularis, of the ear]. Pertaining to 
the zygoma and the ear. 

zygomaticoauricularis (zi-go-mat-ik-o-aw-rik-u-la'- 
ris) [see zygomaticoauricular]. The attrahens aurem 
muscle. See under muscle. 

zygomaticofacial (zi-go-mal-ik-o-fa'-shal) [zygo- 
matico-; fades, face]. Pertaining to the zygoma 
and the face. 

zygomaticofrontal (zi-go-mat-ik-o-fron'-lal). Per- 
taining to the zygoma and the frontal bone. 

zygomaticomaxillary (zi-go-mat-ik-o-max'-il-la-re) . 
Pertaining to the zygoma and the maxilla. 



zygomaticoorbital izi-go-mat-ik-o-or' -bil-al) . Per- 
taining to the zygoma and the orbit. 

zygomaticosphenoid (zi-go-mat-ik-o-sphen'-oid) . 
Pertaining to the zygoma and the sphenoid bone. 

zygomaticotemporal (zi-go-mat-ik-o-tem'-po-ral) 

[zygomatico-; temporal]. Pertaining to the zygoma 
and the temporal bone or fossa. 

zygomaticus (zi-go-mat' -ik-us) [zygoma]. One of 
several small subcutaneous muscles arising from 
or in relation with the zygoma. See under muscle. 

zygomaxillary (zi-go-maks'-il-a-re). See zygo- 
maticomaxillary. 

zygomycetes (zi-go-mi-se'-tez) [£vy6v, a yoke; 
p-vktis, fungus]. A group of fungi characterized by 
sexual reproduction through the union of two similar 
gametes (zygospores). 

zygon (zi'-gon) [%vybv, yoke]. In the cerebrum, 
the bar that connects the two pairs of branches of a 
zygal fissure. 

zygoneure {zi'-go-nur) [zygon; vevpov, nerve]. A 
nerve-cell joining other nerve-cells. 

zygosis (zi-go'-sis) [^vybv, yoke]. The process 
of asexual reproduction by conjugation or fusion of 
two protoplasmic bodies or gametes. 

zygosperm (zi' -go-spur m) [$vybv, yoke; airepp-a, 
seed]. Same as zygospore. 

zygospore (zi'-go-spor) [$vy6v, yoke; airopa, seed]. 
The spore resulting from the zygosis or conjugation 
of two protoplasmic bodies or gametes. 

zygote {zi'-got). Same as zygospore. 

zylenin, zylenobacillin (zi'-len-in, zi-len-o-bas' -il-in) . 
A toxin from tubercle bacilli. 

zylonite (zi'-lo-nlt) [£v\oi>, wood]. Celluloid. 

zymase (zi'-mas). 1. See microzyme. 2. The un- 
organized ferment or enzyme to which the fermentive 
activity of the yeast-cell is due. z., Buchner's, that 
expressed from dried yeast; yeast-cell plasma. 

zyme (zlm) [£vp.r), leaven]. An organized ferment. 
Cf. enzyme. 

zymic (zi'-mik) [zyme]. Of or pertaining to 
organized ferments. 

zymin (zi'-min) [zyme]. 1. A pancreatic prepara- 
tion used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. 
See zyme. 2. Sterile dried yeast; mixed with sugar 
and water it is used as an application in leukorrhea 
of gonorrheal origin. 

zyminized (zi'-min-izd) [zyme], A term applied 
to milk in which a fermentive change has been 
induced, comparable to peptonization. 

zymo- (zi-mo-) [^vp.7j, leaven]. A prefix meaning 
pertaining to or produced by fermentation. 

zymocide (zi'-mo-sid) [fu/177, leaven; cadere, to 
kill]. A proprietary disinfectant. 

zymogen (zi'-mo-jen) [zymo-; yewav, to produce]. 
The substance existing in the glands secreting a 
digestive juice, and which, when set free, splits 
into a ferment (enzyme) and a proteid. 

zymogenic {zi-mo- j en' -ik) [zymogen]. 1. Causing 
fermentation. 2. Pertaining to or producing" a 
zymogen. 

zymohydrolysis (zi-mo-hi-drol'-is-is) [zymo-; iiSup, 
water; \veiv, to loosen]. Hydrolysis produced- by the 
cleavage action of enzymes. 

zymoid (zi'-moid) [zymo-; e!5os, like]. Resembling 
an organized ferment. 

zymoidin (zi-moid'-in). A proprietary wound 
antiseptic said to be a mixture of oxides of zinc, 
bismuth, and aluminum with iodine, boric acid, 
salicylic acid, phenol, gallic acid, etc. 

zymology (zi-mol'-o-je) [zymo-; \6yos, science]. 
The science dealing with fermentation. 

zymolysis (zi-mol' -is-is) . See zymosis (1). 

zymolytic (zi-mo-lit'-ik) [£vp.v, leaven; Xwris, 
loosening]. Due to, attended with, or relating to 
zymolysis; zymotic. 

zymoma (zi-mo'-mah) [£vp.oelv, to make to ferment]. 
Any ferment, fermented mixture, or culture. 

zymometer (zi-mom'-et-er) [zymo-; p.krpov, a 
measure]. An instrument for measuring fermenta- 
tion. 

zymophore (zi'-mo-for) [£vp.-n, leaven; <popelv, to 
bear]. The active part of an enzyme, that which 
bears the ferment. 

zymophoric, zymophorous {zi-mo f -or -ik, zi-mof- 
or-us) [zymo- ; (j>opeiv, to bear]. Exerting a fermentive 
action; bearing specific fermentive properties. 

zymophyte (zi'-mo-flt) [zymo-; <j>vt6v, a plant]. 
A microorganism producing fermentation. 

zymoplastic (zi-mo-plas'-tik) [^vp.rj, leaven; wXacraeLf, 
to form]. Ferment-producing. 



ZYMOSE 



962 



ZYMURGY 



zymose (zi'-mos). See enzyme. 

zymosimeter {zi-mo-sim'-et-er). See zymometer. 

zymosis (zi-mo'-sis) [zyme]. i. Fermentation, the 
result of the vital activity of certain microorganisms, 
organized ferments, or zymes. 2. The condition of 
one affected with a zymotic disease. 3- An infec- 
tious disease, z. gastrica, organacidia gastrica in 
which the organic acids are due to the presence in 
the stomach of growing, sporulating, budding yeast. 

zymosthenic (zi-mos-then'-ik) [zymo-; <rdevos, 
strength]. An agent which increases the functional 
activity of an enzyme. 

zymotechnic (zi-mo-tek'-nik) [£vny, leaven; rkxvn, 
art]. The art of inducing and conducting zymotic 



processes in connection with vivification, acetifica- 
tion, etc. 

zymotic (zi-mot'-ik) [zymosis]. _ Pertaining to zy- 
mosis ; produced by zymosis, z. disease, an infectious 
disease. 

zymotoxic {zi-mo-toks'-ik) [zymo-; to£ikov, poison]. 
In the side-chain theory, relating to the hemolytic 
action of the toxophore group. 

zymurgy (zi'-mur-je) [{vfiy, leaven; Ipyov, work]. 
That department of technological chemistry which 
treats of the scientific principles of wine-making, 
brewing, and distilling, and the preparation of yeast 
and vinegar, in which processes fermentation plays 
the principal part. 



From the 
BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 

" Dr. George M. Gould is the Johnson of medical 
lexicography. His various dictionaries, adapted to 
the needs ot student, practitioner and scholar have 
had a commercial success that of itself is sufficient 
to prove their practical usefulness." 

" Dr. George M. Gould is not only the senior and 
most prolific of medical lexicographers, but the most 
successful from the publisher's point of view. The 
success has been due to a combination of accuracy 
and good judgment." 






mi 8~ M& 









c 



< 



x ^ 



o- 



V 



><p 



-p. 



fe : 



W 



>0 A 



' > 






><k 



* B I \ " \V 

V 



X^ 






'X 






^o o^ 






"</> ,<N 






^ 



'%^ c 



«£, 



1''*/^ 



j) 



P 






>>^ 



''fK 



* ^s- 



x 00 - 

















i 












*%. 















f>. v> 




,V '*. 












% 









SB 



P 



War 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



021 062 218 4 






^ 



■ 



mm 



■a 



WL 



